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INDEX
TO
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.
VOLUME LXX, 1911.
Pages
Acetylene Refuse . 28
Acid Phosphate, What Is? . 582
Acre, Product of . 26
Adobe for Buildings . 6S7
Advertisers’ Protective Association. 842
Advice from Home . 899
Agrarian Party, Need of . 440, 595
Agreement, Violation of . 377
Agricultural College Graduate Talk 959
Agricultural Department, N. Y . 230
Agricultural Educators and Land
Boomers . 1246
Agricultural Epitomist . 1166
Agricultural Exhibit, Boston . 92U
Agricultural Graduate Reflects . 895
Agricultural Report, N. Y. State.. 94
Agricultural Society, New . 604
Agricultural Society, N. Y. State.
105, 137
Agri 'Rural, ' Canadian Aid To _ 863
ture in School . 894
Alao&nJa Electric Service Co . S6
Albany, N. Y'., News from - 967, 1011
, 1050, 1099, 1134
Albany, News from . 1172
Alfalfa after Rye . 67
Alfalfa and Apples . 423
Alfalfa and Grain . 332
Alfalfa and Potatoes . 1150
Alfalfa, Argument for . 1010
Alfalfa, Changing for Corn . 719
Alfalfa, Cost of 10 Acres . 435
Alfalfa Enemies . 123
Alfalfa, Enthusiastic Over . 159
Alfalfa for Hens . 17
Alfalfa for Horses . 81S
Alfalfa for Steers . 444
Alfalfa Gone to Seed . 27
Alfalfa in Alabama . 805
Alfalfa in Connecticut . 799
Alfalfa in Corn . 471
Alfalfa in Maine . 644, 815, S94
Alfalfa in Michigan . 490
Alfalfa in Onondaga Co., N. Y..878, 899
Alfalfa in Orchard . . . 561
Alfalfa in Tennessee . 1S7
Alfalfa Irrigation . 1067
Alfalfa, Late Seeding . SOI
Alfalfa, Lime on . 383
Alfalfa on Long Island . 704, 753, 768
Alfalfa or Corn . 622
Alfalfa Preparation . 55
Alfalfa, Quantity for Seeding . S19
Alfalfa Questions . 393
Alfalfa Seed in New York . 188
Alfalfa Sermon . 469
Alfalfa Starting . 587, 816, 1130
Alfalfa, Story of . 26
Alfalfa, Struggle for . 939
Alfalfa Talk . 750
Alfalfa, Top-dressing for . 196, 922
Alfalfa, Value of . 62, 573
Alfalfa, What Crop Before? . 605
Alfalfa, When to Cut . 1213
Alfalfa with Corn . 721
^.Ifalfa with Oats . 980
Alfalfa with Oats and Peas . 128, 377
Allison-Richey Gulf Coast Co . 222
Allyn, L. C . 794
America, Ungastronomic . 1095
Ar.'.oNe-n Zr. vestment Assoc hstion. . . 234
American Potash Co . 1158
Ant Hill in Grave . 1095
and Mignonette . 903
Getting Rid of . 721
Ants, in Lawn . 609
Ants in Mushroom Beds . 439
Apple and Pear Seedlings . 398
Apple, Baldwin, Annual Bearing... 539
Apple, Ben Davis, in Poetry . 464
Apple, Bismarck . 98
Apple Canker . 1093
Applo Consumers’ League . 40
Apple Crop, Handling . 1003
Apple Culture in N. Y . 389
Apple Eating Contest . 964
Apple, Everbearing . 1155
Apple, Grimes . 32
Apple Growers, Hudson Valley.... 405
Apple Growing, Virginia . 661
Apple, Jonathan . 647
Apple, McIntosh . 1150
Apple Maggot . 559
Apple Notes . 516
Apple Notes, Ohio . 1048
Apple, Oldenburg, Self Fertile. ... 499
Apple Orchard. Cost of . 33
Apple Orchard, Draining . 893
Apple Orchard, Indiana . 354
Apple Orchard Fillers . 237
Apple Orchard. Return from . 71*
Applo Orchards, Western . 768
Apple Package, Culls in . 62, 458
Apple Packing in Boxes . 36
Apple Pie at White House . 819
Apple Pomace for Cows . 420
Apple Prices . 960
Apple Questions . 7
Apple, Red Gravenstein . 263
Apple Region, W. Va . 200
Apple Sauce, Making . 292
Apple Scions . 1173
Apple, Seedless . 1154
Apple Seedlings, Handling . 467
Apple Show, Rochester . 1191
Apple Situation . 1024
Apple, Stark, Top-Working . 1195
Apple Storage, Simple . 602
Apple Storage Situation . 1004
Apple, Sutton . 1090
Apple Tent Caterpillar . 897
Apple Trade, Retail . 1233
Apple Trade with Germany . 405
Apple Tree, Courageous . 894
Apple Tree, Fire Blight on . 308
Apple Tree, Valuable . 392
Apple Tree, What Age for Plant¬
ing? . 919
Apple Trees and Roots . 1111
Apple Trees, Annual Bearing of.
155. 309, 390, 431, 459
Apple Trees, Caring for . 316
Apple Trees, Dishorning . 426
Apple Trees, Dwarf, Trouble with. 37
Apple Trees Neglected . 320
Apple Trees, New Head on . 363
Apple Trees, New York . 1191
Apple Trees, Old, Repairing . 515
Apple Trees, Overloaded . 669
Apple Trees, Planting . 98
Apple Trees, Spray for . 429
Apple Trees, Summer Pruning of.. 434
Apple, Twenty Ounce, in Kansas.. 11
Apple Trees, Value of . 921
Apple Trees, Working over . 121
Apple Varieties, Mixing . 34, 268
Apple, Wealthy, Growth of . 962
Apples at Auction . 1167
Apples, Boxed, in N. Y . 1022
Apples, California, Advertising _ 1024
Apples, Cider, Prices for . 1107
Apples, Cost of Growing . 733
Apples, Delaware, Keeping . 1113
Apples, Direct Trade in . 1149
Apples, Dropping . 665
Apples, Eastern, Boxes for . 857
Apples, Fertilizing . 68
Apples for Hogs . 1026
Pages
Apples for Iowa . 405
Apples for Maryland . 471
Apples for Michigan . 1212
Apples for New England . 396
Apples for New York . 1H2
Apples for Northern Markets . 519
Apples for Ohio . 390
Apples for Pennsylvania . 1097
Apples for Virginia . 323
Apples for Wisconsin . 100
Apples, Imperfect . 1053
Apples in Illinois . 557
Apples in Ohio . 962
Apples in Ontario Co., N. Y . 26u
Apples in New England Cellar . 91
Apples, Interplanting . 92
Apples in Turkestan . 771
Apples, Keeping . 961
Apples on Doucin Stocks . 1071
Apples on Milk Route . 1066
Apples or Grapes . 515, 539
Apples, Over Production of . 320
Apples, Packing Honestly . 60
Apples, Planting in Brush . 314
Apples, Profitable . 458
Apples, Storing in Cellar . 984
Apples, Vermont . 1005
Apples, Western N. Y . 645
Apples, When to Pick . 875, 877
Apples, Winter Banana . 383
Apples, Winter Injury of . 541
Arcadia Orchard Co . 54, 150
Aremu Mining Co . 22
Arsenic, New Forms of . 428
Arsenic Spray, Danger in . 266
Ashes and Fertilizer . 237
Ashes and Manure . 838
Ashes, Use of . 431
Asparagus, Crops Between . 192
Asparagus, Climbing . 1237
Asparagus Culture . 317
Asparagus Experiment . 628
Asparagus Growers, Mass . 608
Asparagus, Movipg . 545
Asparagus, Poisonous (?) . 784
Asparagus. Transplanting . 962
Asphalt, Imitation . 18
Aster Seed, Raising . 1132
Asters, Lime for . 388
Atlas, II . ' . 254
Auto Press Co . 534
Autos for Heavy Work . 396
Autos on Farm . 429
Baker, Geo. H . 510
Baker, Work of . 92l
Ballinger Incident . 756
Baltimore. Trade in . 1087
Bamboo at Culebra . 459
Bankers Finance Co . 598
Barn Basement. Draining . 348
Barn Broom . 1083
Barn, Dairy . 385
Barn, Kentucky . 1
Barn, Planning . 448
Barn, Remodeling . 249
Barn, Terra Cotta . 385
Barn Ventilation . 14T
Barn, Virginia . 909
Barn Wall. Cement . 410
Baskets, Short Measure . 531
nean Diseases . 623
Bean Picking . 1235
Bean Prices . 729
Beans, Soy, Harvesting . 898
Bean, Soy, in Pennsylvania . 92
Bean, Soy, Milk . 597
Bean Weevil, Fighting . 1051
Beans, Grading . 666
Beans in Orchard . 62
Beans with Weight . 181
Bedbugs in Henhouse . 933
Bee Talk . 1212
Beehives. Cement . 1235
Bees and Fruit . 843
Bees and Spraying . 625
Bees and Tobacco . 922
Bees, Handling . 939
Bees, Long-Tongued . 921
Bees, Starting with . 1066
Beet Pulp for Stock Feed . 82
Beef, Jerked . 1235
Belt, Long or Short . 1173
Belting Questions . 1117
Bennett, J. A . 618, 730, 1126
Beckmann, A. F . 890
Bermuda Notes . 517
Berry Grading System . 265
Bicycle Grinder . 1002
Biggs, Warren W . 890
Birds and Worms . 329
Birge, W. H . 454
Bishop Creek Gold Co . 554
Bisulphide of Carbon for Grain.... 270
Blackberry Culture, New... 621, 642, 662
Blackberry, Early Harvest . 723
Blackberry Eldorado . 239
Blackberries, Failure with . 664
Blackberries, Notes on . 39
Blackberries, Western . 312
Blackberries, Wild, Transplanting. .1112
Black Knot in Plums . 259
Black Walnut, Improved . 163
Blood Transfusion . 561
Boarder, Summer . 752
Bonds, Defaulted, Uses of . 35
Bone Dust or Manure . 350
Bone for Top Dressing . 158
Bone Meal on Berries . 193
Bone or Acid Phosphate . 467
Bones for Fertilizer . 96
Borers and Spiders . 684
Bordeaux, Dry . 493
Bordeaux vs. Lime-Sulphur . 272
Boston Produce Markets . 749
Boxwood as Florist’s Greens . 1217
Boy, Interesting . 435
Boys at N. Y. State Fair . 982
Boyer, N. P . 794
Bread, Living . 1136
Brewers’ Grains and Cob Meal . 291
Brewers Grains, Law Regarding.... 248
Brewers’ Grains, Storing . 333, 450
Bridge, Cement . 957
Brush Land, Subduing . 287
Buckwheat as Farm Crop . 917
Buckwheat as Green Manure . 721
Buckwheat for Poultry . 84
Buckwheat in Orchard . 816
Buckwheat on Fallow Land . 666
Buckwheat, Plowing in . 818
Buckwheat Straw as Bedding . 1222
Buckwheat, Treatment of . 47
Buckwheat, Vetch with . 606
Buffalo Overcoats for Sale . 1071
Bull, Selecting . 1229
Bull with Scours . 413
Bull, Working . 1202, 1123
Burbank and Cactus . 168
Burbank and Dept, of Agriculture.. 804
Burbank Ocala Farms . 662
Burdock, Killing . 704, 821
Rurbank Timber Co . 1206
Burrell Syndicate . 83U
Business Combinations . 635
Butter Adulterated . . 240
Butter, Bogus . 1244
Butter. Good, Making . 887
Butter, High-Scoring . 931
Pages
Butter Making . 213
Butter Merger . 331
Butter, Moisture in . 650, 675
Butter Prices, False . 1230
Butter, “Process,” How Made. . 369
Butter, Sampling . 729
Butter, Soft . 827
Butter Starter . 597
Cabbage for Cows . 450
Cabbage, Keeping . 1114
Cabbage Lice . 1053
Cabbage, Lime for . 66
Cabbage Plants Under Cheese
Cloth . 626
Cactus Culture . 10
Cactus, Florida . 48
Cactus, Spineless . 109T
Calf, Indigestion in..., . 331
Calf, Milk Substitute for . 611
Calf, Weaning . 29 1
Calf with Fits . 699
Call with Foot Rot . 866
Calves, Death of . 141
Calves, Feeding . 715
Calves, Lice on . 143, 370
Calves, Ration for . 414
Calves with Catarrh . 82
Calves with Ringworm . 48
Calves with Scours . 10S5
Callus, Treatment of . 567
Camphor in Florida . 669
Camphor Trees in South . '
Canada and Reciprocity . 988
Canada, Conditions in . 757
Canada, Conditions in . 40
Canada, Reciprocity with . 324, 364
Canal, Panama, Effect of . 703
Cannas from Seed . 1137
Canning Factory, Story of . 490
Canning Factory, Prices . 379
Canning Factories . 97
Canning Outfit, Home . 389, 685
Capital Investment Co . US
Carbide Residuum as Fertilizer.... 560
Carnations, Commercial . 629
Carnegie Trust Co . 618
Carp in Germany . 627
Carp in Maryland . 737
Carp, Selling . 644
Carrot Seed Separating . 689
Carrot, Wild, Killing . 388
Carrots, Large . 270
Cartage, Question of . 1006
Cat and Goslings . 751
Cat and Goslings . 777
Cat, Sick . 48, 82, 731
Cat with Tumor . 970
Catnip Culture . 589
Cauliflower, Ailing . 941
Cattle and Black Cherry . 910
Cattle and Horses, Big . 1102
Cattle, Angus . 622
Cattle, Beef, in Ohio . 792
Cattle Breeder Talks Sense . 1142
Cattle, Brown Swiss . 866
Cattle, Club, Guernsey . 617
Cattle Club, Jersey . 631
Cattle, Devon, Value of . 849
Cattle, Dexter and Kerry . 930
Cattle, Dishorning . 21, 208, 329
Cellar, Dry, Wanted . 1194
Cattle, Dutch Belted . 1082
Cattle Feeding in Mexico . 655
Cattle Feeding Sheds . 829
Cattle, Hereford . 444
Cattle, Holstein . : . 1014
Cattle, Holstein, Value of . 792
Cattle, Improving . 931
Cattle, Lice on . 376
Cattle, Pasturing on Soiling . 635
Cattle, Purebred . 20, 594
Cattle, Red Poll . 744
Cattle Registration . 1014
Cattle Tuberculosis Law . 1222
Cattle with Depraved Taste . 867
Cattle, Yoke of . 55
Celery Growing, New . 619
Celery, Keeping . 1153
Celery Rust . 103
Cement, Amount Needed . 236
Cement and Sand, Figuring . 411
Cement Barn Wall . 410
Cement Bridge . 957
Cement Floor for Granary . 1133
Cement Floor for Stable . 444
Cement Granary Floor . 1210
Cement Gun . 625
Cement in Place of Lime . 983
Cement Pipe, Making . 564
Cement, Roof . 227, 687
Cement Tile, Making . 90
Cement Trough . . 834
Cement Vinegar Tank . 646
Cement, Water Leaking Through . . 586
Central Fish Co . 954
Central Mercantile Co . 1018
Chacamas Plantation Co . 914
Cheese Season, N. Y . 1143
Cheese, World’s Largest . 1067
Chemicals and Clover . 577 ,
Cherry, Borers in . 981>'
Cherry Experience . 353
Cherry Varieties . 665
Cherry Tree, Bruised . 723
Cherry, Wild. Budding . 1026, 1048
Cherries, Best Stock for . 345 "V
Cherries for Northern N. Y . 388
Cherries in Washington . 626 ,
Cherries, Sour, Care of . 132 ^
Cherries, What Ails . 1048 v
Chestnut Disease . 821
Chestnut Blight . 259, 861
Chestnut Bloom and Birds . 464
Chestnut in the South . 432
Chestnut Leaves and Stock . 704
Chestnut Notes . 226
Chestnuts, Grafting . 1217
Chestnuts in Ohio . 1157
294, 552
Chicago Portrait Co . 698
Chick Brooder, Cheese Box.... 80,
Chick Brooder, Homemade . 415
Chicks and Express Company . 868
Chicks, Baby, Selling . 80, 576
Chicks, Baby, Shipping . 848
Chicks, Caring for . 380
Chicks, Dry Mash for . 848
Chicks, Handling . 451
Chicks, Late Hatched . 17
Chicks, Leg Weakness in . 552
Chicks, Malnutrition of . 1204
Chicks, Mortality in . 217
Chicks Need Earth . 676
Chicks on Board Floor . 729
Chicks, Ration for . 888. 933
Chicks, Sorehead in. ... 868
Chicks, Untrue to Color . 745
Chicks, White Diarrhoea in ... 17,
735, 751, 809, 868. 1084
Chicks with Pip . 17
Chicken Business . 415
Chicken’s Toes, Growth on . 51
Childs, J. L., and Wonder! .1198
Chimney, Dripping . 897
Chimney, Iron Lined . 941
Chimney, Jacket for . 1022
Churning, Difficulty In . ..1202
Cider, Clarifying . 985
Pages
Cinders and Fence Wire.. 464, 604, 626
Circle Pub. Co . 658
Cistern, Building . 1153
Cistern, Cement, Trouble with - 465
Cistern, Farm . 1195
Cistern, Leaking . 769
Cistern, Purifying . 838, 925, 9S0
Clearfield Butter and Egg Co . 1246
Clematis from Seed . 439
Clergyman, Cursing . 828
Clippings, Keeping . 1194
Clover and Turnips . 516
Clover, Crimson, Fails . 565
Clover, Crimson, in Ga . «... 539
Clover, Crimson, in Peach Orchard. 320
Clover Hay, Handling . 491
Clover in Silo . 98, 219, 248
Clover, Plowing Under . 493
Clover Questions . 358
Clover Seed Condition . 854
Clover Seed, Vitality of . 1114
Clover, Seeding . . C47
Clover, Winter-kills . 1069
Clows, Geo. C . 182
Coal Ashes, Use of . 156
Coal Ashes, Value of . 585
Coboea Scandens, Growing _ 987, 1114
Codling Moth, Cider Trap for.. 458, 643
Coffee, Valorized . 496
Cohen, Wm . 54
Cold Storage and Business . 1198
Cold Storage Legislation . 971
Cold Storage Legislation . 740
Cold Storage Legislation . 999
Cole, Geo. F . 1126
College Family Party . 964
College Graduate’s Reflections . 1001
Colt, Handling . 331
Colt, Paralyzed . 52
Colt, Unthrifty . 301
Colt, Weaning . 172
Colt with Fistula . 847
Colt with Lampas . 1226
Colt with Weak Stifle . 1103
Colts, Dairy . Ill
Columbia Magazine . 534
Columbia Sterling Co . 1062, 1146
Columbian Sterling Co . 1186
Commerce Court Ruling _ ; . 690
Commercial Club, Nebraska. .. .610, 654
Commission Man and Sweet Pota¬
toes . 756
Commission Man Hog . 1154
Commission Man, Kansas . 1046
Commission Man, Letter to .
1024. 1070
Commission Men, Regulating. .324,
329, 468, 670, 756, 862
Commission Man, Story of . 1110
Compost, Heap, Making . 231
Concrete, Coal Ashes in . 560
Concrete, Deterioration of . 1215
Concrete Floor and Furnace . 985
Concrete Icehouse . 1113
Concrete in Corncrib . 68
Concrete in Fence Building . 646
Concrete Roller . 235
Concrete Stable Floor . 146
Congressman, “Careful Considera¬
tion” . 19
Concrete Watering Trough . 1192
Consular School . 966
Contract for Farm Machinery . 233
Contracts and Promises . 2
Co-operation, Successful . 6
Copperas for Cows . 372
Co-operation Among Farmers . 977
Cotton Growers Combining . 988
Corn Acreage . 569
Corn After Vetch . 496
Corn and Crows . 492, 541
Corn and Potash . 896
Corn Breeding Experiment . 387
Corn Breeding, Talk on . 93
Corn Contest . 64, 500
Corn Crop, Kentucky . 386
Corn Crop, Large . 587
Corn Crop, Rhode Island . . 226
Corn, Early Start for . 734
Corn, Feeding Value of . 697
Corn, Flint . 493
Corn Fodder . 219
Corn Fodder, Baled . 1194
Corn Fodder, Keeping . 986
Corn Fodder, Feeding . 112
Corn Fodder, Shredding . 213
Corn Fodder, Value of . 37
Corn from the Blue Ridge. .. .581, 617
Corn, Knife for Thinning . 941
Corn for Silage . 484
Corn, Grinding on Farms . 303
Corn Growing in Nebraska . 123
Corn Harvester Discussion. .37, 95, 214
Corn, Hen Manure for . 584
Corn Hybrids, First Generation.... 135
Corn, Importance of . 324
Corn in Checks or Hills . 464
Corn in Illinois . 58, 493
Corn in New England . 462
Corn in Vermont . 66
Corn, Kaffir, Treatment of . 516
Corn, Potash for . 235
Corn, Seed, Vitality of . 859
Corn Record, North Carolina . 756
Corn Show, New England . 988, 1132
Corn Shredder Notes . 227
Corn, Silage, Record Crop . 1169
Corn Smut . 492, 647
Corn, Stalk-Borer . 785
Corn, Sweet, Crop of . 266
Corn Testing . 462
Corn, Thinning . 837
Corn Troubles . 1191
Corn, Turnips or Beets in . 685
Corn Varieties . 567
Corn with Potatoes . 18
Corn Yield, Large . 1190
Corncrib, Old Fashioned . 798
Corncrib, Rat-Proof . 665, 856
Correspondence Inst, of America. . 86
Correspondence Schools . 486
Corry Hide and Fur Co . 298, 1146
Corrosive Sublimate, Dissolving.... 400
Cotton Boll Worm Conspiracy . 431
Cotton Field, N. C . 1155
Cottonseed for Hens . 1205
Coudry, H. M . 1146
Cow, Ailing . 213, 375
Cow and Man . IS
Cow, Ayrshire, Ration for . 178
Cow, Best in Java . 444
Cow, Brewers’ Grains for . 376, 448
Cow Butter Ration for . 178
Cow, Cotton Seed Meal for . 3J2
Cow, Dairy, Rations . 932
Cow Deal, Bogus . 81
Cow, Death of . 1059
Cow, Dry, Feeding . 253
Cow Earns $1 per day . 826
Cow, 800-Pound, Ration for . 376
Cow, Family, Propagating . 808
Cow, Fattening . 414
Cow, Feeding Stalks and Grain to. 178
Cow, Good . 248
Cow, Guernsey, Argument for . 173
Cow, Guernsey, Ration . 376, 573
Cow. Heavy Feeding for . 332
Cow-Hen Controversy . 508
Pages
Cow, Hobbling . 827
Cow, Holstein . 484
Cow, Holstein, Ration for . 376
Cow, Holstein, Record . 760
Cow, Holstein, Testing . 505
Cow, Hope Farm . 556, 668, 1030
Cow, How to Hobble . 558, 677
Cow, Jersey, Ration for . 216
Cow, Jersey, Uses for . 717
Cow, Kicking. Handling . 297, 994
Cow Leaks Milk . 614, 679, 1085
Cow Losing Milk Flow . 675
Cow, Milch, Ration for - 209, 216,
777, 869, 1059, 1141
Cow, Missy of the Glen.. 104, 324,
418, 506, 523, 553, 574, 650, S62
Cow, Oats and Rye for . 479
Cow, 1,000-Pound, Feeding . 215
Cow, Poor . 572
Cow Ration, Defective . . 253
Cow Ration, Expensive . 413
Cow Ratio . for Butt* -. . 8S, 21 1
Cow Ration for Milk . 20, 51, 479
Cow Ration, Improving _ 209, 414, 452
Cow Ration, Insufficient . 376
Cow Ration, Narrow . 551
Cow Ration, Purchased . 452
Cow Ration, Summer . 551
Cow Ration, Too Fattening . 452
Cow Ration with Brewers’ Grains.. 142
Cow Ration with Home-Grown
Grain . 142, 146, 551
Cow Ration with Pea Hay . 50
Cow Ration Without Roughage . 82
Cow Record . 308
Cow, Record, Disputed . . 246
Cow, Record, Guernsey . 504
Cow Report . 828
Cow, Restless . 119
Cow, Scrub . 970
Cow, Short Horn, Good Words for. 214
Cow, Shorthorn, Value of . 694
Cow, Slobbering . 679
Cow Stable, Paint for . 1206
Cow, Stimulating Milk Flow . 21
Cow Swallows Nails . 688
Cow, Testing with Tuberculin . 47S
Cow, Timothy and Grain for . 253
Cow Trade, Fake . 1164
Cow, Warts on . 119, 208, 302
Cow Wears Overalls . 728
Cow with Aglactia . 338
Cow with Blind Teat . 483
Cow with Brain Trouble . 579
Cow with Bunch . 375
Cow with Catarrh . 108
Cow with Cough . 52, 143, 528, 932
Cow with Dropsy . 909
Cow with Foot Rot . 932, 1085
Cow with Garget . 82, 141, 446,
595, 846, 911, 932
Cow with Indigoston . 301, 659
Cow with Injured Teat . 79
Cow with Leaking Teats . 141
Cow with Milk Fever . 744
Cow with Rheumatism . 21
Cow with Ringworm . 140
Cow with Scours . 52, 369
Cow with Skin Disease . 369
Cow with Sore Udder . 1162
Cow with Texas Fever . 57°
Cow with Tumor . 52
Cow with Udder Trouble . 48
Cow with Warts . 729
Cow, Unprofitable . 45s
Cow vs. Hen . 374
Cow, Young, Ration for . 216
Cows and Ivy . 827
Cows, Apple Pomace for . 420
Cows, Bone Meal for . 1222
Cow’s Breathing, Difficult . 847
Cows, Breeding Up . 572
Cows, Buckwheat Chaff for . 1184
Cows, Chautauqua County, N. Y..
. 776, 950, 1038, 1162
Cows, Dishorning . 659
Cows, Exercise or Confinement for
212, 334
Cows, Family . 594
Cows, Forty-Five Dollar . 776
Cows, Fresh, Ration for . 209
Cows, Good . 372
Cows, Heavy Producing . 1083
Cows, Holstein and Milk Color.... 674
Cows in Close Quarters . 1143
Cows, Kicking . 1058
Cows, Leading . 402
Cows, Milch, Ration for . 1225
Cows, Photographing . 1129
Cows, Potatoes for . 412
Cows, Profit in . 1163
Cows, Rape for . 18, 144
Cows, Remarkable . • . 642
Cows, Roughage for . 1184
Cows, Short-Horn . 445, 446
Cows, Stale Bread for . 142
Cows, Tied or Loose . 140
Cows, Two Good . 110
Cow’s Udder, Congested . 213
Cows, Warbles in . 333
Cows, Warming Water for . 332
Cows Wear Clothes . 1223
Cows, Western N. Y . 1243
Cows, What Ailed? . 1227
Cows with Hygroma . 827
Crabapple, Flowering . 841
Cream Homogenized . 1065
Cream, Trouble with . 110, 249
Creamery, Minnesota State . 938
Creamery Promoters . 410
Crescent Candy Co . 182
Crop for Soiling . 586
Crop Production and Prices . 1178
Crop Rotation, Changing . 165
Crops for Muck Ground . 1048
Crops, Green, Plowing Under . 736
Crops, Some Successful . . 290
Crops to Plow Under . 1153
Crown Gall Disease . 690
Crown Gall in Fruit Trees . 702
Crows, Killing . 1098
Cross Dull Corn . 541, 588
Crows, Fall . 986
Crunells . 686
Cultivation in Drought . 539
Cummins, W. J . 1166
Currant, Spraying . 466
Currier Pub. Co . 86, 678
Cutworm, Protection Against. .389,
520, 644, 686, 703, 736
Cyclamers, Treatment of . 689
Daffodils in Frames . 903
Daffodils in Greenhouse . 1133
Dahlia and Sunflower as Food . 437
Dahlia Treatment . 586, 1053, 1115
Dahlias as Cut Flowers . 1217
Dahlias in January . 239
Dahlias, Insects on . 861
Dandelions, Killing . 881
Dairy Farm, N. Y . 1061
Dairy Farm, Work on . 1105
Dairy, Georgia . 695
Dairy Herd, Improving . 813, 950
Dairy Herd, Pacific Coast . 713
Dairy Herd, Story of . 1014
Dairy of F. D. Kershaw . 712
Dairy Products Co . 1018, 1086
Dairy Profits . 953
ii
INDEX.— THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.
Pages
Dairy Train, Iowa . 144
Dairy in Canada . 575, 1011
Dairying in Dakota . 372
Dairying in Florida . 994
Dairying in Maine . 809
Dairying in Michigan . 849
Dairying in Southwest . 10B1
Dairying, Wall Street . 814, 744
Dairymen and Reciprocity . 531, 575
Dairymen, N. Y., Meet . 1247
Dairymen, Sanitary . 1183
Dairymen’s League . 412, 509, 553
Dairymen’s League Meeting . 1223
Deafness Cures . 349
Dean, C. E . 870
Deer in Massachusetts . 1090
Deer, Raising By Hand . 148
Dew on Foliage . 881
Dewberry, Lucretia . 1092
Dewberry, Treatment of . ..1177
Di Nuovo Cheese Co . 1S2
Dix, John A . 12
Dodder, Killing Out . 31
Dog, Collie, Feeding.. . 179
Dog, Goitre in . 338
Dog, Indigestion in . 119
Dog Shedding Hair . 909
Dog, Sick . 847
Dog, Stiffness in . 338
Dog, Stunting . . 1226
Dog, Valuable . 889
Dog, Vermin On . 996
Dog, Weak . 52
Dog with Catarrh . 55, 140
Dog with Chorea . 412, 579
Dog with Eczema . 248
Dog with Mange . 46
Dogs That Lead . 186
Dogs, Working . 562
Dollar, Consumer’s . 1170
Dollar, What Will Buy . 194
Domestic Science, Training in . 300
Donley Lumber Co . 422
Drain Tile, Cement . 90, 682
Drain, Roots in . 47, 819
Drain, Submerged Outlet for . 1110
Drains, Stone . 186
Drainage, Good Job of . 185
Drainage, House . 297
Drainage, Interest in . 227
Draining Orchard . 893
Drainage Problem . 514, 719, 959
Drainage Tax . 766
Drainage with Pump . 854
Draining Spring Sideliill . 644
Duck, Indian Runner . 149, 482,
535, 696, 713, 746, 868, 1041
Ducks, Ailing . 466, 997
Ducks, Trouble with . 1165
Dynamite for Clearing Land . 351
Dynamite for Subsoiling . 896
Easter Flowers . 562
Education, Agricultural . 122
Education, New York . 1199
Egg, Big . 250
Egg, First . 918
Egg Producers Co . 54, 342.1206
Egg Situation . 339
Egg Talk . 933
Egg Tester, Magic . 212
Egg, White, Wanted . 576, 676
Eggs and Express Companies. .508, 538
Eggs, Blood Spots in . 508, 793
Eggs in December . 380
Eggs in Water Glass.. 532, 636, 729, 868
Eggs, Large . 417
Eggs, Trouble with . 656
Electric Wires, Danger in . 3
Employer’s Liability Law . 770
Engine. Gasoline, Best Cooler for.. 1193
Engine, Gasoline, for Farm Work.
59, 767, 874, 940
Engine Power and Fuel . 785
Engine. Traction . 459
Epilepsy, Trea* ment of . 561
Erie, Pa., Business at . 1024
Eucalyptus in Calfornia . 662
Express Charges . 32, 41
Express Charges Unreasonable.... 364
Express Company Robbers . 137
Express Company Statistics . 136
Express Company, Struggle with.. 347
Express Companies and Eggs . 538
Express Companies, Buying Out - 682
Express Rates . 67
Express Rates, Exorbitant . 1195
Express Rates in Canada . 8
Express Trust . 364
Fair, N. Y. State . 942, 961
Fairs, Exhibits at . 896
Fake Goods, Handling . 227
Fakes, Operating on . 113S
Farm, Abandoned, Results from - 3
Farm, Actor’s . 835
Farm and Home at Ohio Fair . 954
Farm, Campaign Against . 467
Farm Children, Educating . 822
Farm Contract . 432
Farm Co-operation . 684, 977
Farm Co-operation In Dakota . 136
Farm Day, Connecticut . 996
Farm Day, Indiana . 989
Farm Exchange Manager . 935
Farm, Hunting . 1196
Farm, Income from . 129
Farm Institute, Starting . 369
Farm Institutes, N. Y . 1119
Farm Labor for Kansas . 91
Farm Labor, Government Bureau. 235
Farm Labor Question . 922, 1097
Farm Labor, Students for. .623, 641, 662
Farm, Living on . 463
Farm Machinery, Guaranteed. .155, 233
Farm, Mortgaged, Buying . 159
Farm, Ohio, Day on . 971
Farm Organization in Austria . 683
Farm, Outlet to . ■ . 1027
Farm Partnership . 860, 978. 1008
Farm, Picking Out . 701, 766
Farm Politics . 862, 876
Farm Politics and Farmers . 917
Farm Produce, Marketing . 386
Farm Rotation . 7
Farm Schools in North Carolina.. 472
Farm, Small . 189, 394
Farm, Small, well Tilled . 983
Farm Story . 709
Farm, Struggle for . 269
Farm, Southern . 1049
Farm Tenancy . . 159
Farm Tenant Contracts . 65
Farm Tools, Care of . 922
Farm Truck, in N. J . 843, 984
Farm Values in Mass, and Idaho.. 441
Farm, Vermont . 855, 905
Farms, Municipal, California . 1049
Farms, N. Y. State . 537, 558
Farms of N. Y. Central Railroad.. 667
Farmer and "Agriculturist” . 644
Farmer and Production . 1158
Farmer and Public Markets . 1171
Farmer, Dishonest . 1233
Farmer from the City . 1189
Farmers and Co-operation . 1010
Farmers and Purebred Stock . 1102
Farmers and Vocational Education 926
Farmer, Birthday of . 863
Farmer, City . 1022
Farmer, Mrs. Goodell on . 158
Farmer on Present Conditions . 122
Farmer, State of . 1022
Farmers and Reciprocity . 500
Farmers and Sport Money . 631
Farmers Club. Hanover . 468
Farmers, College for . 134
Farmers’ Day at Shortsville . 441
Farmers Deal with State Institu¬
tions . 1138
Farmers, Direct Dealing wth . 1131
Farmers Exchange . 578
Farmers’ Party, Need of . 538, 547
Farmers, Rhode Island, Meet . 41
Pages
Farmer’s Share of Dollar . 158,
292, 801, 836, 1046
Farmers Week at Cornell . 316
Farmhouse, Kentucky . 688
Farming a Trade . 961
Farming and Railroads . 1198
Farming at South . 318
Farming in Alaska . 1139
Farming in South . 1192
Farming Both Sides of Equator.. 985
Farming, Dry Land . 101
Farming, Good, at South . 157
Farming in Mexico . 704, 741
Farming in Rhode Island . 816
Farming in Texas . 757
Farming in Virginia . 584
Farming or Trading . 766
Farming Under Difficulties . 721
Farming without Drudgery . ’. 128
Fat, Losing . 964, 1074, 1156
Feed Mill, Buying . 32
Feeds, Commercial . 1028
Feeds, Value of . 332
Feneo Line, Fixing . 682
Fence Posts, Bracing.' . 429, 461
Fence Posts, Concrete.... . 530
Fence Post, Non-Twisting . 186
Ferns, Business in.- . 97
Fertilizer Analysis . 1112
Fertilizer and Soiling Crops . 310
Fertilizer, Carcass in . 647
Fertilizer, Commercial, Use of _ 561
Fertilizer Contract, Story of . 1215
Fertilizer, Copper Tailngs as . 240
Fertilizer, Faulty . 514
Fertilizer, Floats as . 231
Fertilizer, Fool Talk About . 395
Fertilizer for Apples . 68
Fertilizer for Asparagus . 608
Fertilizer for Dahlias . 1177
Fertilizer for Grass . 387
Fertilizer, for Orchard . 465, 960
Fertilizer for Potatoes . 31
Fertilizers for Rye and Clover.... 192
Fertilizer for Small Fruits . 156
Fertilizer for Strawberry . 836
Fertilizer for Top Dressing . 604
Fertilizer for Truck . 431
Fertilizer, Lava . 750
Fertilizer Law, Rhode Island . 40
Fertilizer, Liquid . 582
Fertilizer Mixture . 585
Fertilizer Mixtures . 1173
Fertilizer. Old . 98
Fertilizer Questions . 228
Fertilizer, Rock Dust as . 642
Fertilizer, Roekweed as . 798
Fertilizer Tankage . 713
Fertilizer with Green Manure . 896
Fertilizer Work in Vermont . 1023
Fire Law, Connecticut . 645
Firearms Law . 1002
Fish as Fertilizer . 1072
Fish Culture in Penn . 624
Fish for Poultry . 17
Fish in Nova Scotia . 625
Fish Ponds and Power . 801
Fiss, Doerr & Carroll Co . 870
Flagg, Jared . 678, 998
Flax Diseases . 435
Flea Beetle on Potatoes . 330
Flea Beetles. Trap Nests for.. 434, 464
Floats, Use of . 237
Floor Filler for . 61
Floor, Tar Paper and Cement for.. 558
Flora of Puget Sound . 499
Florida, Conditions in . 422
Florida Dairying . 38
Florida Facts . 1216
Florida, Facts About . 769
Florida Farm, Buying . 1233
Florida Farm Day . 1159
Florida Fruit Land Co . 1126
Florida Homes . 1074
Florida Land Fake . 566
Florida. Live Stock in . 180
Florida Notes _ 10. 166, 202, 238,
278, 322, 362, 470, 818
Florida Water Power . 566
Flower Garden Enemies . 471
Flour, Best Wheat for . 1235
Flowers, Artificial Coloring of . 669
Fodder for Five Cows . 333
Food Adulteration . 1178
Food Law Violations . 1071
Food, Pure, and Government . 740
Food, Sepculation in . 113
Foods in Tin Cans . 432
Forage, Late Sown . 834
Forestry Tax Exemption in Pa.... 1095
Fowls, Lakenvelder . 1041
Fowls, Limberneck in . 848
Fowls. Roup in . 1041
Fowls, Vertigo in . 379
Fowls with Roup . 1104
Franklin Mdse. Co . 86. 312
Freemartins, What About . 827
Freight Service, Efficient . 339
Fruit, Best . 688
Fruit Buds, Retarding . 431
Fruit, Copyrighting . 1047
Fruit, Farm, Back to . 197
Fruit Farm, Indiana . 839
Fruit Farm, New England . 1047
Fruit Farm, Nova Scotia . 927
Fruit Growers’ Ass’n, Eastern - 1236
Fruit for Central N. J . 965, 981
Fruit for Iowa . 228
Fruit for New England . 229
Fruit for Northeastern N. Y . 563
Fruits for Pennsylvania . 397
Fruit for Virginia . 739
Fruit for Wisconsin . 360
Fruit Grower, Young . 272
Fruit Growers, Conn . 85S
Fruit Growers, N. Y. State.. 64, 73, 100
Fruit Growers’ Outing . 736
Fruit. Growers. Wayne Co., N. Y.. 843
Fruit Growing, Co-operative . 195
Fruit in Ohio . 547
Fruit Ladder . 469
Fruit, Missouri . 626
Fruit Notes . 495
Fruit, Potash for . 61
Fruit, Selling . 432
Foote Soil Testing Outfit . 1198
Fruit Tree Restorer . 162
Fruit Tree, Selecting . 1021
Fruit Trees, Best Size . 309
Fruit Trees, Cheap Plan for Start¬
ing . 157
Fruit Trees, Hope Farm . 522
Fruit Trees, How Grown .
683, 900, 1109
Fruit Trees in Sod . 516
Fruit Trees, Pedigree . 426
Fruit Trees, Pruning . 513
Fruit Trees, Trademarked . 1152
Fruit Trees with Crown Gall . 702
Fruit Varieties, Mixing . 784
Fruitmore Orchards . 260
•'uel Outlook . 686
Gall on Tree Roots,
734, 750, 752, 766, 782
Galloway, Wm . 658
Galloway, Wm. . . 1246
Ganders Sing Tenor . 51
Garden, Cover Crops for . 817, 861
Garden Crops . 516
Garden, Fertilizer for . 624, 685
Garden, Florida . 402
Garden, New Jersey . 356
Garden Notes, Missouri . 803
Garden, Preparing for . 857
Garden, Sales from . 430
Garden, Soil for . 584
Garden, Wisconsin . 319
Garden, Woman’s . 1069
Gardner Nursery Co . 534
Garlic, Getting Rid of . 687
Gasoline Power for Mower . 1150
Gate Post Brace . 360
Pages
Gate Faktener . 27
Genealogical Pub. Co . 510
Gillett, E. C., for Legislature . 966
Gladiolus as Side Line . 1217
Globe Association . 86, 222, 1146
Goat, Angora . 1002
Goat, Angora, in Maine . 1082
Goat, Good Qualities of . 910
Goat, Milch . 1203
Goats vs. Sheep . 1151
Goddard, Charles . 658
Golf Links, Size of . , . 624
Good Housekeeping Co . 22
Good Housekeeping Sold . 486
Gotham Dairy Co . 914
Graft in Condensed Produce . 131
Grafting Grapes . 258
Grafting in Fall . 431
Grafting Plum and Peach . 1237
Grafting Stock, Congenial . 765
Grain, Food Value of . 869
Grain Fumigation . 270
Grain in Argentina . 441
Grain, Plant Food Value of........ 67
Grain, Sweat in . . 630
Granary, Cement Floor for . 1133
Granary, Vermin Proof . 584
Grange and Direct Primaries . 967
Grange and Reciprocity . 329
Grange, National . 1158
Grange, National . 1179
Grange, National, Officers .
Grange, Trouble in . 1098
Grape Disease in Mexico . 323
Grape, Grafting . 258
Grape, Large, Transplanting . 316
Grape Leaf-hopper . 980
Grapo Lueile . 841
Grape, Lucille . 1195
Grapes as Ornamentals ....821, 925, 945
Grapes Injured by Cricket . 962
Grapes, Lime Sulphur on . 629
Grape Prices . 1063
Grapes, Food Value of . 1117
Grapes as Food . . . ...1177
Grapes, Talk About . 523
Grapes, Training . 313
Grapevines, Transplanting . 431
Grapes, Treatment of . 30
Grapes, Trouble with . 707, 753
Grapevines, Barren . 563
Grass, Clark Plan of . 65, 783
Grass Farm, Developing . 4
Grass, Fertilizer for . 387
Grass, Preparing for . 834
Grass, Seeding in Corn . 766
Grass, Seeding Without Grain . 1114
Grass, Sowing in Spring . 1155
Grass Under Trees . 1049
Grasshoppers and Turkeys . 1067
Greece, Agriculture In . 58
Greenhouse Adjoining Dwelling. .11, 124
Greenhouse, Farm . 1091
Greenhouse Heated by Flue . 1068
Greenhouse, Heating with Wood,
1093, 1149, 1154
Greenhouse, Sub-Irrigating . 1217
Greenhouse, Traveling . 1237
Greens, Christmas . 1093
Grocer on Prices . 942
Grub, White, Problem of. .705. 857,
1048, 1069
Guild of Infant Saviour . 554
Guinea Pigs, Raising . 952
Guinea Pigs as Lawn Mowers . 801
Guineas, Sex of . 78
Gullies, Filling . 9S1
Gtinson, L. P . 746
Hale. .1. H., as Railroad Commis¬
sioner . 324
Hampton Columbian . 1166
Hampton’s Magazine . 954
Harrison, W. P . 510
Harness, Farm . 1091
Hartmann, Dr. Ferdinand . 830
Harvest, Novel . 715
Hats, Purchasers Share of . 31
Hawkweed in Pasture . 752
Hawthorne, Julian . 974, 1086
Hay, Baling in Field . 1133
Hay, Cost of Harvesting . 784
Hay Crop and Chemicals . 602
Hay Crop, New York . 767
Hay Farm, Making . 605
Hay Hoist . 874
Hay, Housing . 720, 721, 801
Hay Making in Illinois . 603
Hay Rake, Cultivating with . 717
Hay Rake, Side Delivery . 666, 737
Hazelnuts for Profit . 1069
Heifer, Feeding Before Calving _ 253
Heifer, Care of . 1182, 1243
Heifer with Defective Udder . S46
Hen Business, Woman’s . 16
Hen Contest, Dougan . 713, 777,
829, 1016, 1125
Hen Contest, Dougan . 1224
Hen Contest. Storrs . 1170, 1211
Hen Contest, Virginia . 505
Hen Crop-Bound . 952
Hen, Dusting . 294
Hen Feeding, Cosgrove on . 481
Hen Figures Analyzed . 480
Hen Figures Criticized . 529
Hen, Frost Proof . 416
Hen, Fur-Coated . 186
Hen, Houdan . 381, 482, 508, 582
Hen Law, Connecticut . 183
Hen Law, North Carolina . 508
Hen Liars . 1125
Hen Lice, Grease for . 1224
Hen Lice. Lime Sulphur for . 997
Hen Manure and Lime . 1205
Hen Man, Mapes . 602
Hen Man, Virginia . 180
Hen Manure and Ashes . 543
Hen Manure as Fertilizer . 1224
Hen Manure and Kainit . 809
Hen Manure, Facts About . 735
Hen Manure for Corn . 584
Hen Manure for Garden . 97
Hen Manure, Handling . 35, 753
Hen Manure, Market for . 912
Hen Manure on Fruit . 156
Hen Manure, Saving . 1165
Hen Manure, Use of . 450
Hen Manure, Value of . 782
Hen Plan. Mapes . 729
Hen Profits . 538
Hen Profits, Figuring . 1205
Hen Ration . 1059
Hen Record, Dougan . 480, 529,
616, 656, 912
Hen Record. Study of . 1245
Hen, Rheumatic . 596
Hen, Trouble with . 761
Hen Woman, Points for . 125
Hen, Woman’s Report on . 340
Hen Women . 417
Hen, Yawning . 532
Hens, Ailing . 829
Hens, Alfalfa for . 17
Hens, Ancona or Leghorn . 933
Hens and Bordeaux . 450
Hens and Pullets, Don’t Mix . 912
Hens and the Census . 148, 415
Hens, Care of . 1245
Hens, Clover Hay for . 532
Hens, Commuter’s . 250
Hens, Confined . 1165
Hens. Cotton Seed for . 1165
Hens, Cracklings for . 250
Hens, Early Hatched . 378
Pens Eating Eggs . 148, 576, 616, 997
Hens, Engineer’s . 952, 972, 1016,
1045, 1145, 1165
Hens, Fairy Tales About . 873
Hens, Fat and Lazy . 636
Hens, Feather Pulling . 508, 696
Hens, Feather Trouble with . 1016
Hen’s Feet. Mud on . 148
Hens. Fighting . . 116
Hens. Figuring on . 380
Hens, Good R. T. Reds . 250
Pages
Hens, Happy . 1245
Hens Harvest Grain . 1060
Hens in Dog Days . 952
Hens in Harness . 874
Hens in Mexico . 688
Hens in Panama . 972
Hens in Small Flocks . 176
Hens, Laying, Selecting . 164
Hens, Lies About . 912
Hens, Litter for . 250
Hens, Maine . 596
Hens, Meat for . 1165
Hens, N. Y. Testing . 1060
Hens, Nine Dollar _ 127, 219, 234, 307
Hens, Non-Laying . 218
Hens of Gori & Son . 220
Hens on Dairy Farm . 1073
Hens or Hogs . 306
H - ns or Sheep . . . 1213, 1242
Hens, Poor Laying . 532
Hens, Selecting . 656, 746
Hous, Silage for . 729
Hens, Sprouted Oats for . 380
Hens, Sprouted Oats for . 1185
Hens, Starling with . 1060
Hens That Lay . 161
Hens, Too Kind to . 116
Hens, Trap-Nesting . 304
Hens. Truth About . 38
Hens, Twelve Dollar . 508
Hens vs. Cows . 46, 113, 220, 552
Hen’s Ways and Lays . 939
Hens, Weeding Out . 761, 777
Hen’s Wings, Clipping . 450, 532
Hen Coops . 696
Henhouse Arrangement . 84
Henhouse, Cement . 450
Henhouse, Cement Wall for . 481
Henhouse, Combination . 61
Henhouse Convenience . 696
Henhouse, Cost of . 1245
Henhouse Disinfection . 481
Henhouse, Gambrel Roof . 200
Henhouse, Liceless . 1016
Henhouse, Long Island . 1060
Henhouse, Maryland . 697
Henhouse of Corrugated Iron . 1084
Henhouse, Open Front, _ 116, 250, 381
Henhouse, Open Front . 1231
HenhoOsc, Paper . 1185
Henhouse Plan . 972
Henhouse Queries . 1104
Henhouse Roof . 952, 997
Herbs. Medicinal . 684
Hessian Fly Notes . 198
Hickory Trees in Pasture . 771 .
Hickory arid Chestnut Borers . 1197
Highway, Widening . . 982
Hillsides, Fertilizing . 924
Hillside in Sod . 1071
Himalaya Berry . 71, 351
Hired Man, Firing . 738, 819
Hoch & Co... . . . 69S, 1018
Hog, Black Mammoth . 826
Hog Cholera, Serum Treatment for,
1072, 1162
Hog Cholera Serum . 1182
Hog, Mulefoot . 1111
Hog Pasture and Spray . 464
Hog, Pasture for . 215
Hog Pasture for New Jersey . 296
Hog Pasture in Maryland . . 212
Hog Pasture. Plan . 219
Hog. Profitable . 694
Hog Raising Notes . 1244
Hog Ranch, Nova Scotia . 1038
Hog Ration . 414
Hog Trough Convenient . 1038
Hog, Which to Kill . 1163
Hog With Indigestion . 579
Hogs, Beets for . 847
Hogs. Berkshire . 1222
Hogs, Best Location for . 847
Hogs, Butchering on Farm . 1122
Hogs, Experience with . 634
Hogs, Improvement In . 1058
Hogs in Corn Belt . 853
Hogs in Orchard . 172, 320
Hogs in Rough Land . 99
Hogs, Large Black . 930
Hogs, Large Yorkshire . 1162
Hogs, Poland China . 930
Hogs in Orchard . 1193
Hogs, Rape for . 72
Hogs, Snuffles in . 679
Hogs, Tankage for . 697
Hogs, Trouble with . 375
Hoghouse Suggestions . 484
Holly, Culture of . 565
Honeysuckles, Getting Rid of . 896
Hope Farm at Ball Game . 1052
Hope Farm Crowd . 924
Hornbeck. F. T . 794
Horse. Abnormal Sweating of . 52
Horse and Frosted Bit . 303
Horse Breeding . 444
Horse.' Blind. Breeding from . 763
Horse Buying Guarantee . 618
Horse Company, Farmers’ . .89, 1S7,
286, 328. 368, 375, 411. 530, 572, 615
Horso Deal. Connecticut . 426
Horse, Feeding . 413
Horse for Farm Work . 102
Horse, Foundered . 909
Horse, Hackney . 634
Horse, Halter Pulling . 1227
Horse, Hope Farm, Lost . 840
Horse. Knuckling . 763, 827
Horse Lacks Appetite . 119
Horse, Lame . IS, 301, 375, 418,
421. 446. 655
Horse, Lame . 1206, 1226
Horse, Molasses for . 418
Horse, Moon Blindness in . 301, 375
Horse, Nervous . 827
Horse, Nettle, Killing . 1233
Horse or Mule . 581
Horse, Old . 1222
Horse, Paralyzed . 849
Horse, Paralyzed . 1227
Horse, Pawing . 511
Horse, Ration for . 617
Horse, Roaring . 55
Horse. Run Down . 479
Horse Salesman Talks . 445
Horse, Sick . 860
Horse. Sleepy . 679
Horse, Stall Kicking . 679
Horse, Stiff . 369
Horse. Stumbling . 731
Horse. Suffolk . 581
Horse Swindle . 1918
Horse Tears Blanket . 1182
Horse, Thin . 143. 338. 1085
Horse, Thin . 1182
Horse, Trembling . 423
Horse. Unnerving . 140
Horse, Vicious . 55
Horse with Cataract . 369
Horse with Catarrh . 248, 33.8
Horse with Colic . 826
Horse with Cough . Ill, 655
Horse with Cracked Hoof . 1085
Horse with Diseased Teeth . 579
Horse with Fistula . 1085
Horse with Grease . 446
Horse with Heaves _ 46, 141, 301,
375, 418. 487
Horse with Hoof Trouble . 375
Horse with Indigestion . 528. 579
Horse with Indigestion . 1227
Horse with Lampas . 659
Horse with Lymphangitis . 423
Horse with Lymphangitis . 1243
Horse with Ringbone . 1227
Horse with Skin Trouble . 1085
Horse with Shoe Boil . 847
Horse with Spavin . 375, 731
Horse with Springhalt . 511
Horse with Staggers . 301
Horse with Strangles . 52
Horse with Swelling . 1103
Horse with Sweeny . 1227
Horse with Tender Feet . 413
Horse with Thrush . 375
Pages
Horse with Tumor . 108
Horse with Weak Stifles . 699
Horse with Worms . 52, 996
Horse with Worms . 1227
Horses at N. Y. State Fair . 747
Horses, Buying in New York . 342
Horses, Cornstalks for . 179
Horses, Cottonseed for . 1184
Horses, Draft, Raising . 90S
Horses for Northern N. Y . 78
Horses, Mange in . 826
Horses, Millet for . 763
Horses, Oat and Pea Hay for . 1144
Horses, Parasites in . 172
Horses, Ration for . 573
Horses, Runaway, Damage from.... 377
Horses, Winter Care of . 1202
Horses with Hard Hoofs . 655
Horseradish and Dandelions, . 124
Horseradish, Handling . 562
Horseradish, Keeping . 1212
Horseradish, Killing . 61
Horseradish, Preparing . 624
Horseshoes, Queer . 677
Horticultural Exhibition, Ontario. .1193
Horticultural Society, N. J . 1214
Horticultural Society, Va . 496
Hotbed, Cow Manure for . 494
Hotbed. Filling for . 392
House Drainage . 390
Houses on Rented Land . 1027
Huckleberry Culture . 291
Human Life Co . 554
Human Piebalds . . 896
Humus, Aerated . 938
Humus, Need of . 644, 878
Hypnotism and Law . 1027
Ice Cream Farm . 913, 92ft
Icehouse, Concrete . 495, 897, 920,
980, lilt
Idaho Notes . 900
Incubators and Insurance . 482
Insurance, Farm . 329
Interim Receipt, What Is . 254
Inter-State Employment Exchange.. 3.82
Iowa Notes . 704
Iron, Chilled . 624
Iron, Rust Resisting . 7
Irrigation by Pumping . 123
Irrigation, Human . 834
Irrigation Problem . 95
Irrigation, Skinner System . 261
Irwin. W. N . 787
Ivy, Poison... 605, 625, 644, 838, 932, 941
Jant.ha Plantation Co . Sin
Judd, G. Adolph . 729
Judges, Recall of . 862
Kale, Culture of . 1154
Kennedy, M. J . 254
Kumquat, Australian ...;. . 545
K. W. Ignition Co . 342
Ladder on Wheels . 959
Lady Bugs, Corrupt . . . 921
Lambs, Early . 681. 745
Lambs. Winter, Care of . 368
Lame Ducks in the Senate . 708
Land, Back to . 90, 125, 306. 428,
490, 718, 875, 895
Land, Back to. . 1171
Land Boomers . 1218
Land, Oooze, Draining . 718
Land, Over-Limed . 201
Land, Poor, Handling . 683
Land, Rent for . 352
Land, Restoring . 377, 393
Land Roller. Concrete . 235
Land Rollers, Quality in . . . 95
Land, Rough, Preparing . 379
Land Schemes. Colony . 440
I, and Show, N. Y . ....1119
Land, Swamp, Eastern . . 659
Land Swindle . 785
Land Tax, German . 472
Land, Two Crops from . 200
Land Title from Tax Sale . 377
Land, Washing . 814
Larkspur and Medicinal Herbs - 439
Laundry, Dav in . 1215
Laundry Work, Florida . 1130
Lawn and Pine Trees . 669
Lawn, Ants in . 609
Lawn, Arkansas . 401
Lawn, Leaves on . 11
Lawn, Making . 232
Lawn, Nitrate of Soda on . 624
Lawn, Plan for . 403
Lawn, Patching up . 540
Lawn, Preparing for . 684
Leaves in Dry Streams . 49
Legislature, N. Y., Work of . 818
Lespedeza Growers . 168, 688
Letter Chain . 342, 427
Lettuce, Forcing . 1197
Lewis and Courts . 805
Lewis and Development Co . 1139
Lewis, E. G., and Employees _ 905
Lewis and Fiber Stopper Stock.... 863
Lewis, E. G., and Government. .13,
169. 211, 591
Lewis and Magazine Subscriptions. .1119
Lewis and Mr. York . 486
Lewis, E. G.. and Paper Company. 510
Lewis and People’s Bank . 365
Lewis and People's Bank. . 1199
Lewis and R.N.-Y . 1179
Lewis and Reorganization Scheme.. 1219
Lewis, E. O., and Poor People.. 441
Lewis and Readers' Pool . 73
Lewis and Realty Co . 690
Lewis and Receivership. ..709, 789, 927
Lewis, E. G., and Regents - 773. 947
Lewis and Reorganization. 631. 651. 1099
Lewis and Senator Davis . 611
Lewis and Sucker List . 525
Lewis and U. S. Bank . S83
Lewis and Williams . 1166
Lewis, E. G., and Victims . 967
Lewis and Woman’s League . 1159
Lewis, E.. G., Companies of . 989
Lewis Denounces Officials . 319
Lewis in California . 690
Lewis Indicted . 773
Lewis Protects Advertisers . 1086
Lewis Publishing Schemes . 41
Lewis, Trying to Swipe the Evi¬
dence . 547
Lice, Ashes for . 1165
Lice, Gas Tar for . 1060
Lice on Calves . 143
Lice on Cattle . 376
Lice on Chicks . 793
Lice on Heifer . 181
Lice on Hens . 450, 676
Lice Powder . 952
Lice on Sow . 179
Life, Joy of . 1030
Life Preserver. Illuminated . 939
Light for Farm Houses . 318
Lightning and Metal Roof . 67. 231
Lightning and Trees . 1152
Lightning Rod Fake . 678
Lightning Rod Man . 718, 746, 766
Lightning Rod Questions . 833, 93S
Lily Troubles . 1053
Lime and Acid Phosphate . 1169
Lime and Manure . 59
Lime on Old Land . 1196
Lime and Potatoes . 434, 435
Lime and Sawdust . 198
Lime and Strawberries . 28
Lime, Applying . 429
Lime, Chief Function of . 1089
Lime, Different Forms of . 28, 582
Lime, Discussion of . 186
Lime Dust . 858
Lime, Effects of . 664
Lime, Experience with . 426
Lime Exposed to Weather . 133
Lime for Cabbage . 66
Lime for Heating . 1165
Lime for Peas and Asters . 388
Lime from Acetylene Waste . 514
Lime from Illinois Penitentiary _ 1032
Lime. Increased Use of . 472
INDEX.— THE BUBAL NP'W-YOBEFB
iii
Pages
Lime in Manure Spreader . 513
Lime, Legumes and Drainage . 90
Lime on Beans . . . 1007
Lime on Meadow . . . 164
Lime on Potatoes . . . 5S7
Lime on Surface . 1007
Lime or Limestone . 163
Lime, Season for . 882
Lime, Self Burning . 915
Lime, Slaking . 433, 560, 582
Lime, Story of . 859
Lime-Sulpliur and Arsenate. .. .464, 491
Lime-Sulphur and Bordeaux . 521
Lime-Sulphur and Paint . 818
Lime-Sulphur and Peach Rot . 57
Lime-Sulhur as Siieep Dip . 738
Lime-Sulphur, Concentrated . 261,
100, 513
Lime-Sulphur Concentrated . 1211
Lime-Sulphur, Cost of . 583
Lime-Sulphur for Blister Mite . 833
Lime-Sulphur for Oyster Shell Scale 60
Lime-Sulphur for Peaches . 513
Lirae-Sulphur for Potatoes . 647
Lime-Sulphur, Homemade . 465
Lime-Sulphur Injury . 28
Lime-Sulphur, Left Over . 192, 439
Lime-Sulphur, Making . 160
Lime-Sulphur on rapes . 629
Lime-Sulphur or Bordeaux . 568
Lime-Sulphur Questions . 360
Lime-Sulphur Sediment in..'. . 388
Lime-Sulphur Strainer . 276
Lime, Too Much . 98
Lime, Use of . 3S7, 491
Lime, Water Slaked . 299
Lime with Grass Seeding . 922
Lime, Winter Use of . 1027, 1095
Limestone, Arguments for . 9
Limestone, Ground . 607
Liquor Habit, Curing . 1066
Live Stock, Feeding Shed for _ 958
Live Stock Breeder’s Problem . 1212
Live Stock Improvement . 550
Live Stock in Ohio . 505
Live Stock in South . 571
Live Stock in Sprayed Orchards.... 516
Live Stock in Straw Sheds . 16
Live Stock, Pampering . 478
Live Stock, Promising . 427
Live Stock, Purebred . 338, 573, 654
Live Stock Show, Chicago . 108
Living, Cost of . . 720
Living, Philosophy of . 782
Locomotive Engineering, School of. 1233
Locusts, 17-Year . 270, 364, 688, 722
Louse Killer for Poultry . 379
Lumber for Dakota . 192
Magazine Publishers Stock . 618, 971
Maine and Prohibition . 901, 966
Man, Productive Power of . 191
Man, Young, Advice to . 134
Mango, Culture of . 167
Mango, Mulgoba . 151
Manhattan Properties Co . 658
Manufacturers Sales Information
Ass’n . 850
Manure and Tobacco Stems . 233
Manure, Ashes and Bone . 351
Manure, Chemicals with . 582
Manure, Composition of . 877
Manure, Cow, for Hotbed . 191
Manure, Fermentation of . 896
Manure from City . 374
Manure from Stockyards . 190
Manure, Green Crop for . 560
Manure, Green, Vetch as . 350
Manure, Handling . 622, 661
Manure, Liquid, Using . 921
Manuro Loader, Homemade . 889
Manure, Old . 1114
Manure on Stubble . 421
Manure or Fertilizer . 565
Manure Spreader. .334, 361, 432, 162, 561
Manure Spreader, Both Sides of _ 196
Manure Piling or Spreading . 99, 582
Manure, Value of . 1175
Manure, Where to Put . 427
Maple, Birds-eye . 1027
Maple Trees, Trouble with . 769
Maple Worms . 701
Mapes and His Hens . 602
Mare, Lame . 1122
Mare, Mi Ik less . 699
Mare, Percheron, as Investment. .83, 115
Market at Erie, Pa . 1076
Market at South Bend, Ind _ 912, 1006
Market Wagon, Loading . 979
Market, Public, in Illinois . 1111
Marketing, Co-operative. .. .386, 427. 157
Marketman’s Side . 2
Martine, James E . 168
Maryland, Conditions in . 463
Massachusetts, Conditions in . 920
May, L. L . 778
McCIanahan, J. T . . . 382
McKee. Chas. B . 54
McKnight Realty Co . 222
Meadow, Damaged by Fire _ _ 611
Meadows, Working Over . 585
Meat or Milk. Cost of . Ill
Meat. Situation. Western . 48
Mechanics Bld’g Ass’n . . 254
Melon, Casaba . 279
Melons, Starting . 430
Met. Live Stock Ins. Co . 222
Mexican Patriot . 836
Mice and Trees . 609
Michigan, Conditions In. . . 751
Middleman Question . 539, 816
Middlemen, Toll of . 1191
Mignonette and Ants . 903
Mignonette Culture . 589
Milk, Abnormal . S67
Milk and Pork Rations . Ill
Milk and Park Rations . Ill
Milk and Rape . 333
Milk and Purebred Cattle . . . 1202
Milk and Silage . S46
Milk, Babcock Test for . 744
Milk, Bacterial Count in . 886
Milk Bill. Ellis . 1164
Milk Bill, Foley . 251, 420, 509
Milk, Bitter . 49
Milk, Bloody . 338
Milk, Borden Prices . 1061
Milk, Boston . 251
Milk Case, Bellows _ 40, 650, 657, 712
Milk, Color of . 674
Milk Commission N. Y. State . 411
Milk Contract . 637
Milk Cooked . 786
Milk, Co-operation in... . 953
Milk, Cost of . 119
Milk, Does it Rob Farm . 210
Milk, Dried, as Starter . 597
Milk Flow, Increasing . 114
Milk Flow, Reduced . 49
Milk, Guernsey, Color of . 722
Milk, Hauling . .• . 449
Milk Hold-up . 1040
Milk, Improving . 1183
Milk Improvement . 895
Milk in Massachusetts . 293, 911
Milk in New England . 483, 1143
Milk in Ohio . 615, 1017
Milk in Rhode Island . 973
Milk Inspection . 597, 1164
Milk Inspection, Buffalo . 695
Milk Inspection Story . 637
Milk Inspectors Score Card . 1083
Milk Inspectors, Work of.. 846, 887, 913
Milk, Massachusetts. ..597, 657, 695,
776, 80S, 1083
Milk, Massachusetts . 1244
Milk, Money in . 842
Milk, New Grading Law . 1244
Milk Organization Proposed . 1040
Milk Prices, Borden . 1105
Milk Prices, Mapes on . 973
Milk Produced at a Loss . 143
Milk Ration with Brewers' Grains. 657
Milk Score, Correspondence Over.. 995
Milk Scores Compared . 1015
Pages
Milk Selling and Co-operation.... 744
Milk, Separating . 595
Milk Situation . 204
Milk Station, Demonstration. .797, 815
Milk Stringy . 623
Milk, Tax on . 573
Milk Tests, Varying . 760
Milk Trust, Indicted . 677
Milk, Value of . . . 674
Milk, Yellow, Feeding for . 414
Milking Machines . 79
Miller as Middleman . 1130
Miller as Middleman . ,...1175
Miller as Middleman . 1210
Millet and Cow Peas . 421
Millet Crop . 651
Millet, Crop to Follow . 922
Millet for Horses . 1214
Millet, Hungarian . 563
Miner Digs Out Farm . 221, 252
Mining Stocks . 664
Mink Story . 374
Mississippi, Conditions in . 902
Molasses for Stock . 847
Moles and Castor Beans . 684
Moles in Lawn . 644
Moles, Trapping . 683
Monaton Realty Co . 118
Montbretias, Treatment of . 1053
Moore Seed Co . 182
Morse, Chas. W . 670
Mortgage, Fake . 938
Mosquito Nuisance . 440, 610
Mosquitoes and Disease . 568
Mosquitoes, Fumigating . 377
Motley, W. G . 534
Motor for Small Farm . 188
Mounds in Pastures . 1070
Muck and Leaf Mould . 1025
Muck, Handling . 35s
Muck, Lime for . 320
Muck, Use of . . . 721, 798
Mulberry, Barren . 1133.
Mule or Cow . 444
Mule Raising . 557
Mule with Chorea . 867
Mule with Indigestion . . . 1103
Mule with Tetanus . 413
Mule with Warts . 21
Mules, Veteran . 655
Mushroom Spawn. Making . 1112
Mussel Shell as Fertilizer . 587
Myriek, Herbert . 554, 638, 698
National Conservation Congress.... 946
National Co-operative Co . 54
National Post . 850
National Soil Fertility League.. 811, 883
National Trust Co . 118
Muskmelons in Utah . 1197
Navy, Life in. . 38
Nebraska, Life in . 365
Nebraska Sand Hills . 607, 664
Pages
Paeonies Fail to Flower . 739
Paint Brush, Killing . 723, 896
Paint, Cheap . 400, 493
Pansies. Protecting . 987
Paper from Bananas . 819
Paraguay Tea . 162
Parcels Post and Storekeepers . 59
Parcels Post Argument . 627
Parcels Post Convert . 331
Parcels Post, Enemies of . 1230
Parcels Post in England . . 306
Parcels Post in Germany . 1218
Parcels Post in Persia . 822
Parcels Post, Killed by Congress.. 404
Parcels Post, Need of . . 686
Parcels Post, Notes on . . 181
Parcels Post, Opposition to.. 72, 73, 121
Parcels Post Plan . 1130
Parcels Post, Rural Carrier on.... 186
Parcels Post Suggestions . 33
Paris Markets . 831
Parsley, Turnip-Rooted . 353
Passiflora Incarnata . 71, 987
Pasture, Fertilizer for . 564
Pasture, Mounds in . 996
Pasture, Restoring . 1007, 1114
Pasture, Shade Trees for . 306
Pasture, Spring Rye as . 194
Pea Vines, Plowing Under _ 702, 960
Peas Before Potatoes . . . 428
Peas, Canada, as Fodder . 971
Peas, Cow and Canada . 546
Peas, Cow, and Clover . 97
Peas, Cow, and Oats . 188
Peas, Cow, for Hay . 162
Peas, Harrowing in . 585
Peas, Plowing Under .
Peach Borers .
Poach Borers and Spiders .
Peach, Brown Rot in . 57
Peach Buds, Condition of .
Peach Budding .
Peach, Carman .
Peach Crop, Handling . 564
Peach Crop in Baseball . 435
Peach, Feitcheng . . 755
Peach, Good Late . 1133
Peach, Grafting . H55
Peach Gummosis . 1237
Peach, Hale, New . 1117
Peach, Haleborta . 1047
Peach, Late Yellow Wanted . 987
Peach, Million Dollar, . 979
Peach Orchard. Crimson Clover in. 320
Peach Orchard, Mulching . 403
Peach, Picquot’s Late . . 1217
Peach Pits, Planting,. . . 903
Peach, Pruning . 1051
Peach Seedlings, Growing . 919
Peach Seeds, California . : . 1197
Peach, Snow's Orange . 1192
Peach, Sprays for . 543
New York, Farming in.
Nicotine as Insecticide .
Nightshade Poisons Cattle .
Nightsoil, Using . 2
Nitrate on Lawn .
Nitrate for Strawberries .
Nitrate with Manure .
Nitrogen, Artificial
831
Poach Trees, Ailing .
. 982
630
Peach Trees, Barren .
510
Poach Trees, Crops in...
. 339
662
Poach Trees, Cutting Back .
4
383
Peach Trees, Dishorning .
. 665
705
Peach Trees for Fillers .
1022
Peach Trees on Wild Roots .
. 262
361
Peach Trees, Sprouts on .
. 704
621
Peach Trees, Trouble with...
. 737
363
Peach Yellows and Lime Sulphur.
. 383
Poaches for Central N. Y...
.1 114
543
Peaches for Central N. Y....
.1210
66
Peaches for Indiana .
Peaches for Pennsylvania . 237
Peaches in Massachusetts . 11
Peaches, Mulching . 39
Peaches, New, from Texas . 1110
Peaches, Overfeeding . 785
Peaches, Protecting in Winter . 102
Peaches, Rank Growth of . 320
Peaches, Treatment of . 30
Peaches, Trouble with . 925
Peaches vs. Grain and Hay . 874
Peaches, Wrong Spray for . 925
_ . , Peanut in Indiana . 918
Oat and Pea Hay . 383 Pear, Bartlett on Kieffer . 315
Nursery Business, Guflln . 717
Nursery Stock, Order for . 783
Nursery Tree Question . 1192
Nursery Trees, Misfit . 1211
Nurserymen and Orders . 762
Nut Growing in North . 317, 357
Nuts in the North . 903
Nut Planting, Plea for . 1031
Nuts, Seedling . 28
Nuts, Trade in . 404
Nuts, When to Plant . 132
Oat Crop . 999
Oat Crop, N. Y . 90
Oat Hay, Value of . 573
Oats Among Strawberries.978, 1006, 1133
Oats and Peas as Cover Crop . 29
Oats and Peas. Following . 819
Oats and Peas for Grain . 92
Oats, Bleached . 181, 821
Oats, Fall Seeding of . S80, 960, 964
Oats, Fried . 445
Oats in Maryland . 358
Oats, Oregon . 231
Oats, Preparing for . 541, 1027
Oats, Self Sown . 431
Oats, Sprouted, for Chicks . 61
Oats, Two Crops of . 1093
O’ Gorman, James A . 500
Oleo, Poisonous . 1223
Oleo, Senator . 483
Onion Maggot, Imported . 430
Onion Seed, Crop of . 263
Onion Sets . 462
Onion Smut Prevention . 540
Onions, Cost of Acre . 9.35
Onions, Failure with . 103, 383
Onions from Sets . 34.3
Onions in Milk . 483
Onions on Sod . 348
Onions, Preparing for . 126
Onions, Prizetaker . 402
Onions, Wild . 943
Onions, Wintering . 980
Onions, Succession of . 704
Opossums, Development of . 666
Orange, I.aue Gim Gong . 689
Orchard and Farm Fertility . 355
Orchards and Taxation . 29, 121
Orchard, Beans in . 62
Orchard, Best Slope for . 383
Orchard Brush Burner . 264
Orchard, Care of . 236
Orchard, Cost of . 538
Orchard Cost . 121 6
Orchard, Cover Crops in . 624, 941
Orchard Cultivation . 924
Orchard Damaged by Fire . 921
Orchard Demonstration, Penn . 1005
Orchard, Fertilizer for . 960
Orchard for Hog Pasture . 172
Orchard Heating . 34, 124
Orchard Heating in California. .227, 355
Orchard Heating in Maryland . 130
Orchard Heating with Natural Gas,
900. 979
Orchard, Hens and Hogs in . 1193
Orchard, Investing in . 469
Orchard Land. Leasing . 349
Orchard, Laying Out . 978, 1046
Orchard, Laying Out . 978
Orchard, Money in . 683
Orchard, Mulched . 939
Orchard of One Year Trees . 1067
Orchard. Old, Handling . 436
Orchard on Rocky Land . 388
Orchard on Shares . 1130
Orchard Planting, Plan . 268, 918
Orchard. Poor Drainage of . 1093
Orchard Prizes . 405
Orchard Pruning in Summer . 937
Orchard, Rye in . 685
Orchard, Rye and Vetch in . 684
Orchard, Redeemed . 837
Orchard, Resodding . 131
Orchard, Unit . 650, 904
Orchards, Unit . 1175
Orchard, Value of . 1007
Oregon, Conditions in . 240
Ostrander. W. M . 678, 890
Ox and Horse Team . 1082
Ox in Harness . 517
Ox Yoke . 447
Oxen. Feed for . 114
Oxen for Work . 208
Oxen, Ohio . 886
Packages. Unclaimed, Sale of.... 460
Paeony Disease . 689
Pear, Douglas . 59
Pear, Kieffer, Grafting . 1217
Pear, Oriental, as Stock . 437
Pear, Seedless . mj
Pear Tree, Winter Killed . 312
Pears for Maine . 104,8
Pears. Grafting . 1137
Pears in Michigan . 563
Pears. Knotty 'Fruit on . 460
Peat, Plant Food in . 192
Pecan Trees in North . 156
Pecans in Kansas . 493
Pecans in Mexico . 1217
Pecans in New Jersey . 96
Pecans in New York . 132
Pecans, Notes on . 1070
Peerless Steam Washer . 698
Pennsylvania Conditions . 898
Pennsylvania Notes . 940
Persimmons, Grafting . 460
Persimmons in Indiana . 1046
Peruvian Rain Tree . 1137
Peterson, E. 0 . 934
Petroleum Cement . 97
Phosphate Land, Government . 547
Pig Experience . 574
Pig Ruptured . 421
Pig Thriftless . 172
Pig with Cough . 659
Pig with Fits . 83
Pigs and Molasses . 572
Pigs, Black Teeth in . 413
Pigs, Feeding . 539
Pigs, Fits in . 286
Pigs, Lame . 412, 505
Pigs, Large Black . ’ 886
Pigs on Purchased Feed . 694
Pigs, Spring Pasture for . 112
Pigs with Eczema . 141
Pigs with Rickets.. 52, 338, 371, 418, 528
Pigs with Rickets . 1243
Pigs with Skin Disease . 827
Pigs with Thumps . 511, 1122
Pigs, Unthrifty . 932
Pigweed as Greens . 737
Pigeons, Catching . 294
Pigeons, Trespassing . 133
Pine Heights Co . 54
Pine, Planting . 1025
Pineapples, Selling . 756
Pioneer Land Co . 342, 554
Plant Beds, Sterilizing . 425
Plant Food, Search for . 1118
Plant Food, Waste in . 1235
Plant Lice. Black . 1115
Plants. Hardiness of . 723
Plants, Inter-Pollination of . 689
Plants, Layering . 664
Plants, New . . . 686, 1152
Plants, Transplanting by Machine.. 751
Plapso Laboratories . 1042
Plaster as Fertilizer . 1007
Plaster, Use of . 346
Plows, Hillside . 1216
Plows, Walking or Riding . 1023
Plowing, Fall . 70
Plowing, Fall . 1190
Plowing Match, Canadian . 1153
Plowing with Motor . 1231
Plum, Abundance, Origin of.. 394, 499
Plum. Earliest of All . 1157
Plum, Gonzales . 1157
Plum Leaves, Damaged . 647
Plum. Moores’ Arctic . 1048
Plum Tree, Unfruitful . 717
Plum Trees, Barren . 646
Plum, Waugh . 1157
Plums. Black Knot in . . . 259
Plums for Pennsylvania.,..: . 237
Plums. Grafting . 861
Plums, Hansen’s Hybrid . 1025
Plums in S.-W. Missouri . 1009
Plums, Japan . /. . 390
Plums, Japan, in California . 739
Plums, Japan, Notes' on . 540, 1157
Plums, New, from Dakota . 1092
Pages
Plums with Black Knot . 752
Bornological Society, American. 311, 351
Ponies, Breeding . 1058
Pork, Cook Well . 395
Post, Digging Out . 983
Post Office Deficit . 590
Postage in England and Canada.... 2
Postmasters, Duty of . 943
Potash, American . m2
Potash Controversy . 404
Potash for Corn . 235
Potash for Fruit . 61
Potash in Canada . 40
Potomac Refining Co . 86
Potato Blight . 203
Potato Blight, Lime-Sulphur for.. 705
Potato Boom, Maine . 126
Potato Breeding, Year’s Work in.. 559
Potato Bug, Old-Fashioned . 785
Potato Crop, Cost of . 154
Potato Crop, Large . 9
Potato Crop, Ohio . 29
Potato Digger, Champion . .199, 280,
346, 492, 493
Potato Experiment . 393
Potato Growing in California . 27
Potato, Improving . 663
Potato Market and Quality . 464
Potato Notes . 492
Potato Notes, Colorado . 643
Potato Outlook . 473
Potato Questions . 133
Potato Scab . 308
Potato Scab and Ashes . 398
Potato Scab, Facts About . 1046
Potato Seed, Large or Small . 93
. 257
. 687
Potato
Seed,
Northern. . . .
, 630
Potato
Seed
Question. . . .
. 684
Potato
Seed,
Selecting. . . .
Potato
Seed,
Soaking. . . .
. 492
Potato
Story
.1117
Potato
Story,
I .large .
.1031
Potatoe
s and
Grubs .
31
412
988
564
Potatoes and Lime . 587
Potatoes and Lime Sulphur . 647
Potatoes in fndianapolis.1021, 1054, 1070
Potatoes, Fertilizer for .
Potatoes for Cows .
Potatoes, Foreign .
Potatoes, French Fried . .
Potatoes, Lime-Sulphur on . : 626
Potatoes, Planting by Hand . 518
Potatoes, Planting Eye Down . 667
Potatoes, Preparing for . 92, 560
Potatoes Run to Top . 1176
Potatoes Run to Vines . 840
Potatoes, Seedling . 400
-Potatoes, Selling Direct . 36
Potatoes, Sprayed . 821
Potatoes, Sprouting . 431
Potatoes, Sun-Sprouted . 300
Potatoes, Sweet, Keeping. . 1173
Potatoes, Too Large . 379
Potatoes Under Straw . 98. 193, 267
Potatoes, Working While Wet _ 784
Poultry and Salt . 55
Poultry and Spoiled Meat . 1125
Poultry Association, New . 676
Poultry at N. Y. State Fair . 970
Poultry, Beef Scrap for . 933
Poultry, Buckwheat for . 84
Poultry, Close Kept . 868
Poultry Contest, Connecticut. .1145, 1150
Poultry, Cooked Feed for . 340
Poultry Contracts. Breaking. .946, 1084
Poultry, Cornish Indian . 829, 972
Poultry, Damaged Barley for . 793
Poultry, Expressage on . 1185
Poultry, Fish for . 17
Poultry Farm, Willow Wall . 153
Poultry House, Handy . 335. 378
Poultry House, Shavings In . 340
Poultry Houses, Stone . 340
Poultry in Germany . 415
Poultry in Small Runs . 51
Poultry, Labor In Care of . 952
Poultry, Line Breeding . 478. 933
Poultry, Meat for . 745
Poultry, Mustard for . 17
Poultry Plant, W. Va . 174, 399
Poultry, Plymouth Rock . 642
Poultry, Proportion of Males . 1165
Poultry, R. I. Red . 78
Poultry, Roup Remedy . 340
Poultry Selection . 176
Poultry Show, Maryland . 151
Poultry Show, N. Y . 51
Poultry, Sprouted Oats for . 51
Poultry Storage, Farm . 1245
Poultry, Tax on . 745
Poultry Test . 912
Poultry, Thanksgiving . 1127
Poultry, Utility, Judging . 1084
Poultry, Utility, Judging . 1224
Poultry. Whole or Cracked Corn for 933
Poultry with Limberneck . 868
Poultry, Yellow Clover for . 17
Poultryman’s Friend . 294
Powder Refuse . 469
President Taft and Grange . 946
Primary, Direct, In Maine . 1111
Primary, Gov. Wilson on . 104
Primary in New Jersey . 988
Privet Hedge, Arching . 739
Privet and Mice . 1135
Privet, Planting . 840
Privet, Transplanting . 352
Produce. Direct Sale of . 959, 1023
Prune Growing in Oregon . 353
Prunes In Michigan . 861
Pruning Fruit Trees . 513
Pruning, Philosophy or . 945
Pruning, Summer . 937
Pullets as Breeders . 1104, 1125
Pullets, Leghorn, History of . 1104
Pullets, Good Virginia . 713
Pullet, Precocious . 1041
Pullets as Breeders . 1165
Pullets, When Lay . 133, 868
Pullets, Work of . 888
Pumping Questions . 361
Pumpkin-Squash Hybrid . 267
Pumpkins, Keeping . 1114
Ptislev for Hens . 848
Purtelle, Eugene . 150
Putty Making . 192
Quack, Killing . 129, 352, 943
Quince, Barren . 388, 565
Quinco Culture . 686
Quince Culture . 1176
Quinces, Early Bearing . 439
Quinces. Treatment of . 30
Ouinn-Campbell Conservatory . 830
Rabbit Manure . 298
Rabbits and Trees . 92
Rabbits, Protection Against . 36
Raccoons, No Law on . 379
Railroad Farm. Figures of . 1005
Railroads and Freight Rates . 324
Railroads and Money Interests. .. .1206
Railroads and Weight . 939
Railroads Assisting Farmers . 72
Railways in Canada . 104
Ram Paralyzed . 172
Ram, Thin . 731
Rape as Cover Crop . 664
Rape as Pasture . 371
Rape, Failure with . 585
Rape, Facts About . 910
Rape for Hen Pasture . 164
Rape for Hog Pasture . 72, 296
Rape for Sheep Feeding . 78
Rape for Summer Silage . 465
Rape in Canada . 208
Rape. Seeding . 346
Raspberry Culture . 437
Raspberry Rust . 858
Raspberry. St. Regis . 787
Raspberry Tips. Rooting . 945
Raspberries, Growing . 437
Raspberries, New Hybrid . 903
Raspberries, Propagating . 1154
Raspberries, Trouble with . 463
Ration for Large Cows . 291
Pages
Ration for Milk . 291
Rats, Mice and Hens . 558
Reciprocity and Parcels Post . 546
Reciprocity and President Taft.... 280
Reciprocity, Farmer on . 379
Reciprocity, Henry Wallace on _ 404
Reciprocity with Canada.. 199, 204,
240, 280, 472, 966
Record, Plan for . . . 194
Redheads at Hope Farm . 964, 1096
Repp. A. T., Orchards of . 946
Retailers Combining . 935
Rhubarb Culture . 203
Rice Bros . .' . 934
Rich and Everetsen . 298
Richardson, A . . 454
Right of Way . 159
Roach, Henry N . 578
Road Drag, King . 395, 439
Road Drag. Use of . 1095
Road, Private, Repairing . 159
Robin, Joseph G . 113
Rochester Nursery Co . 1106
Roof, Cement . 687
Roof of Poultry House . 997
Roof, Galvanized, Water from _ 106S
Rooster, Dishorning . 1104
Rooster. Removing Spurs . 1185
Rope, Kinky - 624, 686, 731, 819, 111)
Roof, Cement . 227
Roof, Metal, and Lightning . 231
Roots, Depth of . 1213
Roots, Sandy, and Cow’s Teeth . . 421
Rope, Kink in . 1212
Rose, Baby Rambler . 1137
Rose Bugs, Handling . 358
Roso Bugs, Poison for . 629
Roses, Black Spot and Mildew on..Jj£7
Roses, Cool Greenhouse for . 103
Roses, Protecting . jjgi
Roses,- Securing to Walls . 685
Roses, Soil for . 664
Roses, Talk About . 771
Roses, Tlirips on . 737
Rubber from Milkweed . !!!.! 739
Rubber Plant, Topping . 1115
Rubber Tree, Hardy . 821
Rubber, Valorizing . 655
Rye as Cover Crop . 737, 1025
Rye as Green Manure . 232
Rye, Experience with . 1131
Rye for Silo . 586, 606
Rye, Late Seeded . 413
Rye or Oats . ’’ 3gj
Rye, Plowing Under . 1005
Saccharin, Use of . 854
Sacramento Valley Improvement Co.
4aJ, 890
Salt as Fertilizer . 820, 840
Salvia Notes . 195
Samuels, Prof . "n66
Sap, Boiling . 61
Sapota, White . 1031
Sawdust, as Mulch . 125, 388
Sawdust, Fresh, Using . ] 768
Sawdust, Old, Use of . 560
Sawdust, Use of... . 585
Saunders, Dero . 902
Scale, Oyster Shell . 60
Scale, San Jose, Disappearing . 193
Scale, San Jose, Oil Spray for _ 383
Scabs, Correct, in N. Y . 685
Schneider. J. 11 . 492
School Farm . 754
School Garden Experience . 835
School, Hope Farm . 566
School Teacher Talks . 1135
Sea Waste, Value of . 941
Seed Agent., Tale of . 34«
Seed Drills, Suit About . 70S
Seed Faker . 898
Seed, Guaranteed . 1047
Seeds, Testing . H58
Seeding Machine, New... . 195
Senator Page Act. . 610
Senators, Direct Election of _ 324, 546
Sewage, Treatment of . 979
Shade Trees and Lawns . 987
Sheep Dip, Lime Sulphur as _ 738, 827
Sheep as Weed Killers . 70S
Sheep, Catarrh in . 375
Sheep Farming by Proxy . 302
Sheep In Connecticut . 654
Sheep In Early Fall . 9S0
Sheep in New York . 757
Sheep Notes . 4028, 1038
Sheep, Profit In . 297
Sheep, Profit in . 1222
Sheep, Rape for . 73
Sheep Shearing, Early . 594
Sheep, Shropshire . 1162
Sheep Story . * . 635
Sheep, Sulphur for . 2US
Sheep, Taking Picture . 876
Sheep with Necrobacillosls . 655
Sheep's Horns, Killing . 1082
Shingle Stains . 1025
Shot-hole Borers . 981
Shrubs, Propagating . 567
Sibbald, Robert A . 77a
Silage and Milk . 846
Silage and Tuberculosis . 328
Silage, Bulk or Quality in . 5
Silage, Clover as . 98, 416
Silage for Cows . 573
Silage. Measuring . 1205
Silage, Peavlne . 414
Silage, Rye as . 586
Silage, Selling . 677, 697
Silage, Summer . 677, 697, 793
Silage, Value of . 116I
Silage, Weight and Price of . 333
Silago without Silo . 336, 370, 530
Silo, Clover in . 248
Silo Experience . 932
Silo Filling Time . 951
Silo for Small Farm . 694
Silo, Foundation for . 218
Silo, Late Filling of . 953
Silo, Nova Scotia . 826
Silo of Drain Tile . 1065
Silo, Paint for . 827
Silo, Profitable . 466
Silo, Repairing . 971
Silo, Rye in . 606
Silo, Summer . 144, 643
Silo, What Corn for . 81
Skunk Farms Illegal . 218
Skunks, Strychnine for . 97
Sladkus & Bro . 54
Smith, Harry D . 554
Smut in Corn . 492
Smut in Wheat . 821
Snake After Mice . 676
Snail Culture . 1215
Snapdragons for Florist Use . 1217
Snow Shovel, Efficient . 1215
Soap, Swindle in . 559, 958, 1106
Sod for Greenhouse Work . 609
Sod, Improving . 320
Soil, Alkali, Treating . 235
Soil, Building Up . 514
Soil, Clay, and Grass . 622
Soil, Heavy, Improving . 66
Soil, Sterilizing . 686
Soils, Study of . . . 7
Soiling Crops and Fertilizer . 310
Soiling Crops, Late . 96
Soiling In Oregon . 144
South Platte Mining Co . 1206
Sprayers, Air Pressure . 1231
Sow Bugs, Destroying . 1137
Sow, Muzzle for . 248
Sow, Paralysis in... 699
Sow, Weak . 659
Spar Products Co . 714
Spencer Optical College . 698
Speltz in New Jersey . 329
Speltz, Success with . 383
Speltz, Value of . 192
Spider, Web Spinner . 785
Sport, Paying for..... . 1095
Spray and Cattle . 684
\
INDEX.— THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Pages
Spray Rig, One Man . 560
Sprayer, Air Pressure . 274
Sprayer, Roller Tank . 735
Sprayer, Traction . 261
Spraying and Bees . 625
Spraying and Live Stock . 605, 626
Spraying and Pasture Grass . 200
Spraying and Rain . 644, 667, 687
Spraying Apples . 429
Spraying at Hope Farm . 944
Spraying by Air Pressure . 590, 624
Spraying by Contract . 273, 958
Spraying by Gravity . 661, 739
Spraying, Dust Method . 623, 723
Spraying, Evidence from . 1051
Spraying, Facts About . 277
Spraying, Fine Points in . 323
Spraying in Iowa . 272
Spraying in Nebraska . j62
Spraying in Small Way . 264
Spraying Notes . 264
Spraying, Plain Facts About . 314
Spraying, Sediment in . 841
Spraying Trouble. Avoiding . 802
Spring, Green Film in . 95
Squash, Fordhook . H92
Squash ill Rhyme . 1219
Stable Floor, Concrete . 146, 445
Stable Floor, Waterproof . 79
Stakes, Lifting . 1095
Stauffer, A. . . 86
Steers, Fattening . 305
Steisel, M . 638
Stone Wall, Connecticut . 814
Storage House, Frost Proof . 1195
Stone Wall, Pennsylvania . 893
Stove Ventilator . 686
Straw Handling . 622
Strawberry, Ever Bearing, in Mex¬
ico . ***
Strawberry, Fertilizer for . 836
Spraying Notes . 264
Strawberry, Perfect Flowered . 881
Strawberry Plants, Legal Right in, 678
Strawberry Questions . 784
Strawberry Story, Florida . 644
Strawberry Tests in Missouri . 707
Strawberries and Acid Soil . 1074
Strawberries and Lime . 28
Strawberries, Arkansas . 263
Strawberries, Buckwheat Straw' on, .119.1
Strawberries, California . 722
Strawberries, Care of . 761
Strawberries, Duration of . 161
Strawberries, Everbearing . 1075
Strawberries, Fall Bearing . 191
Strawberries, Florida . 784
Strawberries, Hope Farm . 588
Strawberries, Imperfect . 764, 841
Strawberries in Cold Country . 390
Strawberries in Hills . 705
Pages
Strawberries in Ohio . 755
Strawberries, Late Setting . 704
Strawberries, Mulch for . 94
Strawberries, Nitrate on . 363
Strawberries, Oats as Mulch . 97S
Strawberries, Setting . 388, 838
Strawberries, Soil For . 688
Strawberries, Spraying . 396
Strawberries, Spring Cultivation of 263
Strawberries, Staminate . 239
Strawberries, Transplanting . 817
Strawberries, Yearling, Transplant¬
ing . 263
Strawberries, Winter Care of . 1063
Strychnos Spinosa . 787
Student Labor Problem . . 799
Students, Bailey on . 623, 641, 662
Success Magazine . 86
Sugar Cane, Cultivation of . 582
Sumach. Killing . 61, 400
Sunflower Seeds, Curing . 987
Sunflowers, Curing . U96
Sunflowers, Harvesting . 61
Sunflowers in Silo . 179
Supreme' Court and Oil Trust . 630
Swain, W. S . 486
Swamp Root . 686, 723, 821
Swamp, Use for . 1213
Sweet Potato Culture . 801
Syracuse Breeders Ass’n . 382
Tankage, Use of . 252
Taylor, Dr. W. M . 1062
Teague, T. . . 6la
Telepost Co . 578
Temple Pump Co . 698
Tenant System in Ohio . 330
Tenant System in Texas . 466
Tennessee Conditions . 605
Texas. Hard Conditions in - 781, 799
814, 834, 854
Thistles, Exterminating - 351, 563, 854
Tile Drainage, Facts About . 463
Tiles, Cement or Clay . ;983
Timber, When to Kill . 785
Timothy, Second Growth . 351
Timothy, Seeding . 413
Tobacco Beds, Sterilizing . 425
Tobacco Seed, Starting . 314
Tobacco Trust Decision . 670
Todd, Lee . 1018
Tomato Grafted on Potato . 1047
Tomato Grower Talks . 349
Tomato Growing, New Plan of.. 497, 518
Tomato Waste, Value of . 467
Tomatoes in Indiana . 351
Tomatoes, Nitrate on . 752
Toys, Changing Color in . 1216
Tree Agent, Confessions of . 943
Tree Agents, Experience with . 894
Tree Agent. Honorable . 1151
Tree Agent's Side . 855
Pages
Tree Agent Talks . 1065
Tree Dope . 1002
Tree Growth, Record of . 5
Tree, Hidebound . 336
Tree, How Old . 1089
Tqee, Selecting . 1021
Tree Trunks, Covering . 665
Trees by Roadside . 959
Trees, Crown Gall on . 1171
Trees, Damage for Destruction . 756
Trees, Doping . -258, 988
Trees for Shade . 587, 629
Trees, Guarantee for . 393
Trees, Large, Moving . 198. 1131
Trees, Nursery, Grading . 839
Trees on Own Roots . 1070
Trees, Pedigreed . 155
Trees Planted in Small Holes.... 312
Trees, Planting at Hope Farm.... 498
Trees, Protecting in Mulched
Orchard . 718
Trees, Removing with Dynamite.. 261
Trees, Roadside . 1095
Trees, Root Gall on . 734
Trees Untrue to Name . 280
Trees, Whitewashing . 320
Trees, Wild, Planting . 925
Trees, Wild, Transplanting . 1217
Truck Farming Under Irrigation.. 261
Tryon, R. W . 746
Tuberculosis and Silage . 328
Tuberculous Patients . 820
Turnips, Fertilizing Value of . 61
Turnips for Stock . . . 178
Turkeys, Bronze . 450
Turkeys in Close Quarters . 164
Turkeys in Washington . 17
Turkeys, Trouble with . 576
Turkeys, Young, Raising . 656
Union Central Life Ins. Co . 182
United Contractors Corporation.... 658
United Stores Association . 989
U. S. Pub. Co . 598
Universal Salesman Co . 342
Vacation, High . 943
Varnish, Thinning . 1092
Vegetable Garden, All Year . 401
Vegetable Growers Meeting . 982
Vegetables and The Boy . 462
Vegetables before Alfalfa . 1048
Vegetables, Preparing for . 983
Ventilation, Barn . 141
Vermont, Farming in . 92
Vermont, Grain in . 6S3
Vermont, Legislation in . 4
Vermont or Maryland . 233, 405
Vetch and Crimson Clover in Ga.. 539
Vetch and Wheat . 985
Vetch as Horse Hay . 798
Vetch as Weed . 708, 723
Vetch Crop . ln®9
Pages
Vetch, Experience with . 603, 835
Vetch, Experiment . 91
Vetch for Cover Crop . 225, 306
Vetch for Horses . 909
Vetch for Hay . 734
Vetch in Indiana . 813
Vetch in Massachusetts . 3, 491
Vetch in Michigan . 627
Vetch in New Jersey . 90
Vetch in Ohio . 28
Vetch in Peach Orchard . 426
Vetch in Rotation . 465
Vetch in Washington . 584
Vetch, Michigan . 226
Vetch Notes . 6S7
Vetch Seed, Saving . 607
Vetch Seed, Separating . 521. 686
Vetch, Sowing . 920
Vetch, Trouble with . 1027
Vetch, "What Ailed? . 837
Vetch Will Stay Put . 642
Victor Razor Co . 746
Vine Plant Crosses . 1049
Vines, Training . 461
Vinegar Law, N. Y . 720
Vinegar Tank, Cement . 646
Vineyard, Weeds in . 838, 921
Virginia, Facts About . 361
Voorhees, E. B., Death of . 690
Walnut, English, in Penn . 563
Walnut, Persian, in Illinois . 665
Walnut, Persian, in Virginia . 1197
Walnut Trees, Large . 392
Walnuts, English, Trouble with.. .1092
Washington, Brighter Days at . 1103
Ware Progress Co . 222
Water Gardens, Chinese . 1157
Water, Green Film on . — 192
Water, Heating for Stock . 1222
Water, Piping front Spring . 737
Water, Piping to Barn . 931, 1026
Water Problem . 947
Water, Purifying . 1069, 1114
Water, Stirring . 1095
Water Supply for Barn . 30
Water Systems, Air Pressure . 126
Water Trough, Cement . 1112
Water Veins, Rights in . 159
Water Wheel, Power of . 395
Watermelons, Large . 417, 589
Waterfall, Power for . 685
Weasels and Oxen . 558, 677
Weasels and Poultry . 532
Weasel. Catching . 99, 656
Weed Law, Pennsylvania . 896
Weeds, Chemicals for . 838
Weeds in Fertilizer . 1026
Weeds in Vineyard . 837
Weeds, Poisonous . 986
Weil, Victor M . 554
Weitzel, John A . 22
Pages
Well Curb, Tile for . 898
Well, Cleaning . 1092
Well, Dug or Drilled . 1071
Well, Faulty . 624
Well, Increasing Flow from . 940
Well in Sandy Soil . 400
West Side Dog Exchange . 934
Wells, Digging . 1231
Western Irrigated Land Co . 22
Western Pub. Co . 422
Westfield Poultry Yards . 850
Wheat, Chopped, as Feed . 826
Wheat Crop, Canadian . 405
Wheat, Crop to Follow . 383
Wheat, Double Seeding . 310
Wheat, Drilling Both Ways - 34.
122, 200, 460
Wheat Field, Treatment of . 348
Wheat, Miracle . 308
Wheat on Sod . 782
Wheatley, W. W . 150
White, Van Glahn Co . 61S
Whitewash, Sticky . . 168
Whitewashing With Pump . 626
Whitewood, Value of . 174
Whiting Nursery Co . 682, 1153
Wife Beating . 666, 731
Wiley and Pure Foods . 690, 788, 8S2
Willow, Destroying . 395, 6S5, 752
Wilson, James . 1032
Wind vs. Electricity . 752
Windmill, Go-devil . 667
Winter Scene . 29
Winter Mfg. Co . 29S
Wipper, A . 698
Wires, Insulating . 685
Wireworms, Destroying . 602
Wisconsin, Winter Work in . 448
Wisner, A. L . 486
Wistaria, Pruning . 439
Wistaria. Treatment of . 1115
Witch Grass and Potatoes . 1209
Witch Grass, Killing . 685
Wood Harmon Co . 118
Woodchucks, Destroying . 647
Woodward, J. S . 438, 500
Woman Hen Farmer . 508
Woman Suffrage in California - 1055
Woman’s League Indebtedness . 1239
Woman’s Right in Property . 158
Women Favmers . 880
Women Milkers . 333
Wonderberr.v and Cactus . 428
Wonderberry, Poisonous . 904
Wonderberries, Dangerous . 882
World Home Supply Co . 598, 974
World Mfg. Co . 486
Xanthoceras Sorbifolia . 1177
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
Tagos
Achimenes and Primulas . 409
Adam’s Luxury and Eve’s Cookery 74
After Dinner Rest . 791
Alfalfa as Human Food . 282
Aluminum Frying Pan . 691
Ambergris, Value of . 652
Animals, Sick, Free Clinic for - 106
Ants, Getting Rid of . 807, 864,
969, 992
Apple, Ben Dy is, Baked . 775
Apples, Bluri ,ng . 548
Apple Custa 1 . 1034
Apple Pie with Bacon . 366
Apple Sauce Cake . 969
Apples witli Cocoanut . 726
Aunt Martha's Envelope Library.. 44
Automobile Wear . 692
Auto Toque, Crocheting . 1141
Autumn Days at “Faraway” . 1056
Autumn Leaves . 1241
Baby, Bread for . 1078
Baby When Teething . 991
Baby’s Clothes . 949
Bacon and Eggs . 243
Bacon, Farmers . 1079
Bayberry Candles . » . 475
Beads, Stringing . 632
Beans, Canning . J91
Beans, French . 710
Beauty Specialist, Damage from. ..1078
Beauty Specialists, Damage from.. 1078
Bedbug Experiments . 474
Bedbug Treatment . 592
Beef, Canning . 139
Beef, Canning . 1221
Beef Loaf . 907
Beets, Canning . 844, 929, 992, 1034
Beggars, Problem of . 672
Belts and Other Things . 10.37
Bird Lesson . 692
Bird Literature . 476
Birds, Studying . 367
Biscuits, Quick . 443
Blackberries, Spiced . 884
Blue Anchor Society . 742
Boarders, Summer, in Michigan.... 45
Books, Covering . 474
Bookcase, Homemade . 443
Bouquets, Making . 42
Boy Scouts . 906
Bread, Creole . 673
Bread Making . 75
Bread, Salt Rising . 1241
Bread, Standardizing . 326
“Bubble and Squeak” . 14
Bulbs, Fall Planted . 969
Buns, Delicate . .. . U80
Cabbage au Gratin . 1181
Buttons, Homemade . 741
Cabbage, Chinese . 592
Cabbage, Cooking . 526
Cabbage, Creamed . 928
Cabbage, Stewed . 45
Cake Apple Sauce . 76
Cake, Baked Buckwheat . 77
Cake, Birthday . 244
Cake, Chocolate Caramel . 806
Cake, Chocolate Cream . ’ 244
Cake, Cinnamon . 244
Cake, Daisy . . . 244
Cakes, Dark . 76
Cake, Eggless . 844
Cake, Fairfield . 693
Cake, Fruit . 929
Cake, Hardenburg . 1201
Cake, Harrison . 1012
Cake Icing . 775
Cake, Maple Sugar . 844
Cake, Walnut Mocha . 244
Cake with Sour Milk . 824
Cake Without Eggs . 928, 993
Cakes, Alabama . 1012
Cakes Tested . 1080
Candy Chocolate, Difficulty with._. 242
Candy, Home Made . 285, 442
Candy Making . 245
Card Playing . 632
Carpet Beetle . 790
Carpet Dyeing . 139
Carpet, Rag . 477
Carrot Marmalade . 207
Carrots. Pickled . 968
Cats Run Wild . 366
Celery Sandwiches . 406
Cereal Cutlets . 283
Charitv Sweetheart's Letter. .. .106,
477, 673, 711, 90S
Cheese, Cottage . 548
Cheese, Roasted . 576
Pages
Cherry Pudding . 632
Cherry Short Cake . 632
Chickadees. Domesticated . 1035
Chicken, Creole . 673
Chicken Saute . 1078
Child Welfare Exhibit . 170, 242
Child's Ears, Care of . 1121
Child's Eyes, Care of . H01
Child’s Mouth, Care of . 1057
Children, Treatment of . 592
Children’s Pantry . 992
Chile Con Carne . 673
Chocolate Jelly . 692
Chow Chow . . 385
Christmas Carol . 1220
Christmas Gifts . 1200
Christmas Shopping . .1181
Christmas Snow . H30
Christmas Thoughts . 1220
Cider, Preserving . H00
Cinnamon Toast . 632
Citron Marinelade . 791
Citron Melon, Dried . 1121
Clam Chowder . 570
Clam Fritters . 282
Clothes, White, Stained in Washing 107
Clothing, Making Over . 45, 548
Codfish Recipes . 474
Coffee Substitute . 1220
Comments and Suggestions . 549
Conservatives and Insurgents . 593
Contracts and Promises . 2
Cooker, Fireless . 442, 711, 742, 759
Cookery, Southern . 672
Cookies, Cream . 107
Cookies, Sweet Cream . 327
Corn Bread . 171, 921
Corn, Canning Whole . 884
Corn Chowder . 1012
Corn Hulled . 633
Corn, Hulled . 1221
Corn, Hulled, Baked . 283
Corn Products Dinner . - 474
Corn Souffle . 281
Cornmeal Crisp . 671
Crabapple Preserves . 790
Crab Apple Sauce . 993
Crullers, Making . 326, 993
Currant Farina . 807
Currant Souffle . 80T
Curtains, Stencilled . 1100
Custard, Baked . 758
Custard Potatoes . 327
Dewdrops, Hunting . 1012
Domestic Service, Compulsory . 282
Doughnuts . 170
Doughnuts and Crullers. .. .474, 502, 670
Doughnuts, Raised . 107
Dumb Waiter Plans Wanted . 1100
Dumb Waiter, Simple - 1201, 1221, 1240
Egg Soup . 742
Elm, Slippery, Use of . 1161
Embroidery Designs . 1140
Epilepsy, Treatment for . 74
Fair Exchange . 6SS
Farm Thanksgiving . 1140
Farm Woman in Africa . 990
Farm Woman’s Diary . 1201
Farms, Eastern, Prices for . 2
Farming for Women . 406
Ferns from the Woods . y.... 503
Fires and Cigars . 1078
Flatiron, Charcoal . 990
Fleas in House . 884, 969
Flies, Destroying . 824, 907
Floor Covering, Inexpensive - 527,
612, 633, 672
Flower Seeds, 50 cents Worth of.. 282
Flowers, Annual . 408
Flowers, Perennial, for Home Gar¬
den . 284
Food, Elements of . 526
Food, Preparing Ahead . 43
Fowler, Susan . 652
Freckles . 526
Fruit Desserts . 865
Fruit, Dried. Cooking . 990
Fruit. Preserving for Exhibition.... 652
Fudge Recipes . 503
Furs, Storing . 632
Garden, Jungle . 570
Garden, Last of . 1079
Garden Mistakes . 476
Garden, Unsightly . 672
Gardeners, Crippled . 406
Gems and Muffins . 77
Gingerbread . 775
Gingerbread with Cream . 242
Girls, Irish Names for . 1036
Pages
Goose Fat, Keeping . 207, 367, 406
Gooseberry Pudding . *32
Graham In Various Ways . 727
Grape Jewelry . 42
Grape Juice In Quantity . 537
Grape Recipes . 325
Grapes, Canning . 742
Grape Conserve . 1120
Grease, Removing . 759
Griddle Cakes, Batch of . 1^
Griddle Cakes, Buckwheat . 367
Griddle, Soapstone . 170, 326
Hair, Falling, Treatment for . 1080
Ham and Eggs . 243
Hams, Curing . -07
Ham, Keeping . 407
Hams, Virginia . 1079
Hamburg Steaks, Creole . 474
Hatpin Legislation . 74
Hay Ranch, Wyoming . . . 10o7
Hermits . 244
Home, Business Management of - 864
Home Making . 571
Home Making Experiences . 7»0
Hominy and Prunes . 206
Hominy, Savory . 928
Horseradish, Chopped . 503
Hospitality, Secret of . 75
Housekeeping, Tricks of . 75
Icing, Boiled . 710
Ivy, Poison . 475, 1013
Jelly, Contrary . 948
Jelly Roll . 369
Jumbles . 592
Kerosene for Heating . 1035
Kidney and Tomatoes . 526
Kohl Rabi, Cooking . 344
Lamb, Cold . 726
Lamb’s Kidneys . 593
Lawn Furniture . 407
Leaves, Autumn Keeping . 1100
Lemon Butter . 948
Lemon Recipes . 613
Lenten Dishes . 327
Lentil Recipes . ....774
Lentil Soup . 364
Lewis, Ida, Death of . 1120
Liver and Bacon . 243
Lunching by Calories . 1200
Mackerel, Spanish . 526
Maple Mousse . 993
Maple Nougat . 138
Marabou, Imitation . 570
Marmalade, Amber . 613
Marshmallows, Ways of Using. .. .1037
Martynla Pickling . 884
Mayonnaise, Cooked . 1221
Mayonnaise with Drawn Butter. .. .1036
Meat Left-Overs . U61
Meat Loaf . 758
Meat Pie, Old Fashioned . 726
Meat, Keeping Without Ice - 928,
992, 1013, 1035
Meat, Preserving with Sugar . 1036
Meat, Smoking . 1201
Meat Scallops . 1081
Meats, Farm . 1079
Medicine, Taking With Ice . 42
Medicinal Treatment at Home.... 42
Melon, African . 74
Melon Compote . 726
Milk, Changing Flavor of . 106
Mincemeat, Legal . 1220
Mincemeat, What Is . 692
Mock Birds . 442
Mock Duck * . 327
Molasses Cake . 969
Molasses Pie . 242
Mop, Dry . 613
Mosquito Repellent . 906
Mother’s Vacation . 77
Mousetrap, Glass . 1078
Mushrooms, Deadly . 96S
Muskmelon and Ice Cream . 968
Mutton Broth . 474
Mutton, Harricot of . 43
Mutton Timbales . 526
My Neighbor and 1 . 990, 1036
Necktie Easily Made . 1140
Neighborhood Club Doings . 1240
“eedles, Threaded . 170
New Guinea, Conditions in . 864
Night Before the Morning . 824
Non-Smokers’ Protective League.. 790
Nut Scrapple . 283
Olive Oil, Use of . 526
Onion Sait . 864
Onions, Deviled . 710
Onions on Toast . 710
Pages
Orange Conserve . 612
Ostrich Feather Keeping . 170
Pancake Notes . 476
Pantry Shelves, Painting . 14
Paper Bag Cooking . 807
Parcels Post In England . 2
Peach Honey . 742
Peaches, Preserved . 791
Peanut Canapes . 1013
Peanut Straw Hats . 774
Peanuts, Use of . 503
Pear Marmalade . 1056
Penny Saved . 929
Pepper Canapes . 885
Pepper, Uses for . 632
Perspiration Stains, Removing — 1036
Piccalili, Cooked . . 1078
Pickerel, Cooking . 806
Pickle, Chunk . "844
Pickles, Dill . 845
Pickles, Sweet . 774
Picture Frames. Birch Bark . 1141
Pie, Christmas . 1240
Pie, Cocoanut, Substitute . 1078
Pie, Pumpkin . 929
Pie, Shepherd’s . 1160
Piecrust with Baking Powder . 76
Plant of Purity . 242
Plaster Cast, Painting . 107, 327
Plaster Removed with Vinegar - ^42
Plum Jam . 791
Popcorn Pleasures . H01
Popovers . . . 170, 326, 406, 7»8
Pork, Cooking . 243
Pork, Curing v . 1079
Potato Mayonnaise . H00
Potato Omelet . 710
Potato Pancake . 710
Potato. Sweet, Ribbons . 1181
Potatoes, Glazed . 673
Potatoes, Stuffed . 45
Potatoes, Swiss . 710
Potatoes, Warmed Over . 76
Priscilla Cream Roll . 45
Prunes, Cooking . 138
Prunes, Stuffed . 884
Pudding, Cocoanut . 409
Pudding, Gooseberry . 632
Pudding, Indian . 245
Pudding, Jam . 409
Pudding, Lemon Rice . 409
Pudding, Indian . 1200
Pudding, Raisin . 409
Pudding, Sago . 409
Pudding, Steamed Spice . 527
Pudding, Vermont . 409
Puddings, Winter . 1141
Puffball as Food . 1080
Pumpkin, Canning . 791
Radishes, Boiled . 845
Raspberry Cream . 807
Raspberry Roly Poly . h32
Raspberry Trifle . 632
Rhubarb Marmalade . 774
Rice Croquettes . 885
Rice Pudding . 993
Rice, Savory . 283
Rice, Spanish . 592
Rice, Steamed . 884
Rice with Cheese . 1120
Rugs, Washing . 14
Sabbath Rest Farm . 242
Saccharin . 758
Salad Dressing . 1161
Samp, More About . 15
Sandwiches, Sweet . 326
Sandwiches, Unique . 1120
Sandwiches, Various . 759
Sauerkraut . 1221
Sausage and Head Cheese . 206
Sausage, Bologna . 991, 1079
School in Fresh Air . 14
Scrap Books . 865
Shoe Numbers, Puzzling. .245, 406, 613
Shortcake . 993
Shrubs for the Home Grounds.. 282
Silver, Old English . 502
Soap, Homemade . 948
Soap Bubbles, Blowing . 864
Soup Bouquet . 692
Soup! Tomato . 948
Spaghetti Croquettes . . 327
Spanish Toast . 928
Spectacle Fakes . 442
Squash Fritters . 76
Stain, Removing . 207, 242, 408
Steak, Spanish . 42
Steak, Tough . 76
Stew, Appetizing . 170
Pages
Stew, Brown . 549
Strawberry Dumplings . 632
Strawberry Turnovers . 672
Strawberry Whip . 673
Strawberries, Canning . 652
Strychnine, Danger in . 548
Sweet Flag Candy . 824
Sweet Potatoes, Canning . 791
Swiss Chard, Canning - 969, 1034, 1056
Tarts, Fruit . 673
Tea Party Notes . 743
Tennessee Country Club . 790
Tennessee Notes . 727
The Dying Year . 1240
Tomatoes, Broiled . 76
Tomato Chutney . 968
Tomato Dip . 845
Tomatoes, Curried . .1181
Ypast, Old Fashioned . 1220
Tomatoes, Pickled . 885
Tomatoes, Preserved . 844
Tomatoes, Various Ways with . 791
Tongue, Braised . 726
Town and Country Comparisons. .1081
Troches, Homemade . 907
Tuttl Frutti . 758
Vegetable Stew . 775
Vegetables, Canning . 653, 806
Velvet Cream . 726
Vienna Steak . 612
Vinegar from Molasses . 326
Walnut Creams . 282
Wedding Anniversaries . 825
Welnerwurst . 1079
Wheatlet, Homemade . 408
White Monkey on Toast . 652
Will, Making . 1012
Windmill, How Used . 1100
Window Shades, Freshening . 245
Woman Mayor of Oldham, Eng.. 1120
Woman’s Diary . 825
Woman’s Farm Day . 949
Wyoming, Life In . 775
Zinc, Cleaning Flues with.. 14, 107,
171, 207
Zweiback . 652
POETRY.
Angels . 672
April Day . 474
Benedlcte . 282
Blindfolded and Alone . 990
Bravest of Battles . 1034
Country School . 626
Courage . 42
Flag Song . 90S
Friends in Paradise . . 20S
Gethsemane . 106
Homo . 1160
House and Home . 928
House bv Side of the Road . 774
Tmmortal . 592, 726
Mortality . 612
In Memoriam . 548
In the Morning of Life . 1056
It Is Not Yours, O Mother . 366
Land, Back to . 1012
Lazarus . 844
Life Gauge* . 14
Life is What We Make It . 170
Little Things . 570
Make the Best of It . 138
My Creed . 742
Nobility . 652
Nox Nocti Indicat Scientiam . 242
On the Plains . 1100
Opportunity . 968
Perfect Day . 948
Resignation . 1078
Seed Tinm and Harvest . 326
Suppose You Try Smiling . 710
The Great Good Man . 442
The Old Man’s Mother . 1120
Thou or 1 . 864
To Daffodils . 502
Trifles . 407
Unsubdued . 758
Water and Tide . 692
When . 884
Where There’s a Will There’s a
Way . 790
White Peace . 632
With Thankful Hearts . 1140
Would You Have the World Be
Kind . 74
Yet if His Majesty, our Sovereign
Lord . 906
Vol. LXX. No. 4080.
NEW YORK, JANUARY 7, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR.
A KENTUCKY FEED BARN.
Plan, Materials and Details of Building.
While Kentucky is renowned for her fine horses
and fair women, the past generations have not been
given to building as substantially as the present. On
many farms may be seen just such work as this
shown in the photo¬
graphs, Figs.- 1 and 2.
The old buildings are
passing, with the old
fogy notion that any
kind of a barn will do
just so it keeps off the
rain. The low state of
tilth which much of our
soil is in at present, and
the wages asked by the
laborers on the farms,
make it necessary that
we take all possible ad¬
vantages, and save all
that the soil produces.
With sufficient barn
room to store all the
hay, corn stover, sheaf
oats and other grains
that are taken from the
soil, stock well housed,
to consume all of this,
converting it into soil¬
building material, a man
is on the right road to
success.
The barn building is
44x70 feet, and 16 feet
to the eaves. The loft
floor is nine feet from
the lower floor. The loft
is 44x70 fe'et, 15 feet to
the main truss beams.
The mansard roof with
self-supporting trusses
gives us 46,200 . cubic
feet of loft room. The
siding is yellow pine,
novelty or drop siding.
The sheeting is No. 2
common flooring, which
is put on solid. The
roof is an indestructible
composition material.
The floor of the loft is No.
1 yellow pine tongued
and grooved. The floor
in the lower part is
made of concrete, ex¬
cept that of the stalls,
which is of tough clay
and sand ; this makes a
fine floor on which the
horses may stand with¬
out injury, as caused
from standing on a
concrete floor. Fig. 3
shows the method of
framing, Fig. 5 is* the
floor and foundation
plan. This shows the arrangement of the driveway,
feet wide; the stalls, which are eight by 10
feet; the feed alleys, three feet wide; the engine
room, eight by 14 feet; harness room, eight by 14
feet; the feed-mixing room 10x14 feet; the tool room
10x14 feet; the feed carrier that runs as shown by
the dotted lines, the concrete watering trough, the
mangers and hay chutes, and the windows and the
doors.
A, big. 5, a six horse-power gasoline engine,
that runs the pump to a driven well, which is 110
feet deep and furnishes the finest of water. The
engine also runs the feed cutters, feed grinders and
crete watering trough, capacity 60 gallons. D, the
track of the feed carrier. E, feed mixing room,
where all of the chop feeds are mixed previous to
being fed to the horses, mules and cattle. F, tool
room ; G, the feed alleys ; IT, the mangers ; I, the
hay chutes; J. the harness room, in which the. stair¬
way is located; 1. 1. 1. are the box stalls; 2. 2. are
open stalls. The windows of the first story are made
to slide down into a pocket, which prevents them be¬
ing broken, when open. The foundation is of con¬
crete, two feet deep and six inches thick, except
where each post stands; here it is one foot thick, so
as to correspond with the size of the post. Fig. 4
shows the plan of the loft door; A, feed grinder; B,
stover and straw cutting
box ; C, hay chutes ; D,
corn sheller ; E, room for
bran, shelled oats and
mill feed. This room has
chutes running to the feed
mixing room on the first
floor. F shows the posi¬
tion of the double track
for the hay carriers ; G,
the roller doors. The sizes
and lengths of the ma¬
terials are given in the
list of materials used in
the building.
As the cost of mate¬
rial differs in different
localities, also that of
labor, it would be diffi¬
cult to give a correct
statement as to the cost
of such a barn. Much
of the material used in
the construction of this
one came out of the
frame of a sawmill. The
cost of wrecking the
frame of the mill and
the changing of the
framework was almost
equal to that of framing
all new timbers. The
foundation of the barn
is one foot above the
level of the road that
runs in front of the
barn. The old fence will
be cleared away and the
front of the lot between
the barn and the road
will be graded to a slight
grade, running from the
barn ti the road, which
is about 50 feet. There
are two iron tanks buried
in the ground just beside
the barn ; one of these
holds 1,000 gallons and
the other one 300. The
1,000-gallon tank is for
the well water, which is
hard, and the 300-gallon
tank is for rain or soft
water that is stored in a
large cistern as it runs
from the barn. These
tanks are so fitted with
pipes that run from the
engine to the heater in
the basement of the
dwelling, that the water
is forced all over the house. The well water is used
for watering the stock and other purposes where water
is required on the farm. This barn is estimated to
have cost $2,500. Of course the cost of construction
varies greatly in different localities; both hired labor
and materials may be secured more cheaply in one
place than another. The matter of labor is especially
the grindstone and rip saw in the tool room. B. con-
CHANGING THE OLD FOR THE NEW. Fig. 1.
A KENTUCKY FEED BARN. Fig. 2.
2
January 7,
important; a farmer with ability in building puts
himself in the place of expensive hired help.
The following is the list of material used in build¬
ing feed barn:
70
35
36
36
16
16
16
16
120
30
36
16
60
290
140
290
soo
4.100
.1000
22
36
28
6
32
3300
50
2000
800
Pea. 2x3 0, 14 feet long, loft joist.
Pcs. 2x10, 16% feet long, loft joist
Pcs. 6x6, 16 feet long, strut braces.
Pcs. 6x6, 10 feet long, main truss supports.
Pcs. 6x6, 1 foot long, short tie braces.
Pcs. 6x6, 2% feet long, short tie braces.
Pcs. 12x12, 8 feet long, main posts .
Pcs. 6x8, 8 feet long, second story posts.
Pcs. 2x4, 8 feet long, studding.
Pcs. 2x4, 16 feet long, studding.
Pcs. 6x6, 18 feet long, truss rafters.
Pcs. 6x6, 6 feet long, truss braces.
Pcs. 2x4, 10 feet long, studding.
lin. feet 2x8 inch stuff for purlin plate.
lin. feet 6x6 inch stuff for purlin plate.
lin. feet 2x6 inch stuff for second row of plates.
lin. feet 2x30 inch stuff for main truss beams.
feet sheeting.
feet siding.
stall posts, support for loft, 6x6 inches, 8 feet long.
braces 4x4, 5 feet long.
braces 6x9, 6 feet long.
windows, 12 lights, 10x3 2 inch glass.
windows, 6 lights, 10x12 inch glass.
feet of flooring for loft.
barrels of Portland cement for fdn. and floors.
feet of 1% inch beech and hickory, stalls.
feet dressed pine for finish in lower story, drive¬
way, etc.
44 squares of roofing.
140 lin. feet 28 inch tin for gutters.
8 sets of double hangers for roller doors.
6 kegs of nails, 8d.. 10d., 20d. and 40.
2 coats of lead and oil paint.
7 comb ventilators.
Kentucky.
J. W. GRIFFIN.
CONTRACTS AND PROMISES.
A specific contract signed by the purchaser renders
all verbal promises and specifications worthless,
especially if trouble should arise and the courts be
resorted to to settle the difficulty. In short, the
promises are made to sell the goods and the con¬
tract is held in reserve to sue upon. A case in point:
A local hardware dealer contracted with a manufac¬
turing company for several grain drills of a certain
construction, the details being specified in the con¬
tract. Two more machines than were ordered were
shipped, and the machines all differed from the speci¬
fications in the contract, but were kept by the dealer.
The warranty clause in the contract is as follows:
“Said machines are warranted only against breakage
from manifest defect in material for the year in which
they are sold.” None of the machines gave satis¬
faction; in fact, could not be used at all. The local
dealer, having the agent’s verbal promise of a square
deal, went to considerable expense to get these drills
to going properly, but with no success, and all the
drills were thrown back on the dealer’s hands. The
drill company offered to rebuild these drills as they
had done in other parts of Ohio, but refused to re¬
munerate the dealer for his expense for repairs, and
the latter refused to settle for the machines. Suit
was brought to collect the price of the drills, but
defendant demurred that more machines were shipped
than were ordered, that they were not according to
specifications, and were worthless in the field. The
court held that as the - shipment had been accepted
by the defendant, the change in number and specifi¬
cations of the machines did not nullify the contract;
all evidence that the drills failed to do the work they
were intended for was ruled out, and the jury in¬
structed to decide the case upon the contract only;
the judge being careful to construe the warranty
clause quoted above to mean just what it says, charged
the jury to find for the plaintiffs, which it did after
being out a short time. Bound by precedent and fear
of reversal by higher courts, as the common pleas
courts are, and having a specific contract, no other
verdict could be hoped for. The case has been ap¬
pealed. Here is the case of a dealer who has a lot
of junk on his hands which a court says he must pay
good money for, and all because he was not long¬
headed enough to see that the contract he signed
warranted against defective material only, and did
not embody the agent’s promises. Before signing
the other man’s contract be sure that it specifies
plainly just what you want done.
Ohio. W. E. DUCKWALL.
POSTAGE IN ENGLAND AND CANADA.
In your articles on parcels post, while you have al¬
ways been complimentary to the English system, I do
not think you have yet done it justice. One of your
recent articles states that the British parcels rate be¬
gins at six cents. Technically this is correct, but
practically it is incorrect. The British government
has taken the rather extraordinary step of introducing
common sense into their postal rules, and ordinary
postage, beginning at two cents, will carry as much
as four ounces whether letter or merchandise or
mixture of either ! At four ounces one pays four
cents, which carries anything up to a pound and at
one pound the nominal parcels rate begins and adds
two cents nearly every time for an additional pound,
occasionally favoring the sender so that when the
limit of II pounds is reached the rate is 24 cents.
THE RURAL NEW-VORKER
The Canadian method, of prohibiting writing in par¬
cels and prohibiting parcels by letter rate is distinctly
lacking in common sense. Why should our govern¬
ment refuse to receive such mixtures when people
want to send them? It is certainly an agreeable ex¬
perience for one from this continent to mail, as I did
last Summer, a small valise packed full and weighing
over six pounds for a distance of some 300 miles for
16 cents. Moreover, the express companies compete.
For the sake of convenience I one day sent a similar
parcel at the same rate by express, and when leaving
METHOD OF FRAMING. Fig. 3.
England I had a parcel to send to London and found
that it was just over weight. This time I thought I
would pay a high express rate, but no, the postal rate
for 11 pounds is 24 cents, and I found that the express
rate for llRj pounds was 26 cents for 200 miles. If
the express companies of this continent would put
such rates into force, I fancy there would be an im¬
mediate cessation in the agitation for parcels post.
Ontario, Canada. w. e. saunders.
PRICES FOR EASTERN FARMERS.
I am very much interested in yocrr farm advertising.
Will you state what makes farm land vv*bieh is very highly
Improved sell so cheap? I enclose two of your advertise¬
ments. Either one, if situated in Franklin County, Mo.,
erv i— i c.crm e.en
i. i _ a _ n_ - a - a- - □ - □ _ c
LOFT OF MAIN FLOOR. Fig. 4.
would sell for more than double the advertised price.
There must be something wrong in Now York ; the land
must be very poor and washed in gullies, as the improve¬
ments would cost more than the farm sells for. o. v.
St. Clair, Mo.
We have tried to answer these questions many
times, but it is hard for a western man to understand
the situation in these eastern hill towns. Some oi
these farms are sold to settle an estate. The ok
folks have died, and there are no children, or til-
children have moved away and do not want to liv
on the farm. In other cases the older people are too
feeble to remain and work the land, while tenants
simply skin the farm. Some of this trouble over
deserted farms dates back to the Civil War, when
thousands of soldiers went from these hill towns.
Many were killed, while others, after serving in the
army, went West after the richer government land
was offered. Our western friends must also realize
what it means to live within easy reach of large towns
and cities. The “call” from those places is strong
for young country people, and many farmers have
not tried to meet it by improving their land or in¬
vesting their money at home. What we call the
“farm spirit” is low in some localities, and this has
had much to do with pulling down prices. Western
land i? valued at what it actually produces in farm
crops in a section where farming is the chief busi¬
ness, This eastern hill land is in a section where
farming is regarded as of less importance than a
business in town, and where few if any attempt to
show what the land is capable of doing. Thus the
low price for this land is not based on its inability
to produce good crops, but upon sentimental or
social causes. Such farms often present remarkable
bargains, because the land may be naturally strong.
It usually needs drainage and lime and the careful
use of fertilizers, but it can be made productive if a
man will work and spend some money. These farms
vary considerably in soil and location, and it is not
safe to buy them without a personal inspection. Go
and visit them alone, without any agent or interested
party. Take a spade and dig into various fields.
Notice how deep the top soil is, the character of the
subsoil, the sort of grass which comes in, and the
kind of trees and the quality of the water. These
farms are now being taken up rapidly, and the price
is rising.
THE MARKETMAN’S SIDE.
I have noticed several articles asking “What Per
Cent Does the Farmer Get?” Being near a large city,
and running a retail route, I buy considerable besides
what I raise, and sell my surplus at wholesale. I
am, as you may perceive, on both sides of the market.
If some of those who seem to think that every pro¬
duce man is a swindler could see what a lot of poor
stuff is in nearly every wholesale place, they would
know that the returns for such merchandise would
be little or nothing. I am in dose touch, as 1 said
before, with the wholesale market, and yet quite a
little of my stuff goes to the dump. There are days
when the market is bare, when even poor stuff will
bring good prices, and there are also days when
strictly No. 1 goods are in such abundance that a
considerable per cent spoils. Some things sell well
on certain days and are thrown away if sent in on
other days. A very little of some high-priced stuff
will glut the market and fail of finding a sale. Very
slight defects, which do not in any wise damage an
article, will “queer” it, so that it will not sell. The
margin on most perishable stuff must be large, or
dealers will not touch it, so great is the loss. Last
of all, most produce dealers are under heavy ex¬
penses for rent, men, teams, etc., and they have to do
a hustling business to pay expenses and make a living
profit. There doubtless are some shysters, and there
are also a host that deal on the square. A constant
source of wonder to me is how the farmers far
away, and especially in the South, can have any¬
thing coming to them when their goods are sold so
cheaply in our northern markets. Of course the
best brings good prices, but very much that is sent
to our markets would better have been left to rot;
the raiser would have been better off if he had never
shipped it. I write this because some of the articles
which I have read seemed to be written by those too
far away to know real conditions, and seemed to
call for an explanation. f. t. jenks.
Rhode Island.
Great things are to be done with chemical fertilizers
in the future. We have scarcely begun to know how
to use them to best advantage. Some farmers already
are saving money by knowing what to buy. In one
case a crematory was established near a small city —
where the wastes were to be burned. These wastes
included dead animals, bones, garbage, paper and some
wood. The amount was not large, so that there was
not enough of the ashes to put on the regular market.
A farmer who had studied the fertilizer question had
a sample of these ashes analyzed. He found a trace
of nitrogen and fair amounts of potash and phosphoric
acid. By knowing the commercial values of plant
food he was able to buy these ashes at a good bar¬
gain. By using them judiciously with nitrate and
some organic nitrogen he has a complete fertilizer
for growing clover and Alfalfa, and when a man can
grow and save these his plant food question is settled.
The great fertilizing problem of the future is how to
save wastes. They will be utilized more and more
and the man who knows what his soil needs and the
commercial value of plant food will win. lie will be
juit like the manufacturer who can buy his raw mate¬
rial cheapest. _ ■
It is known that the sea contains everything that the
soil ever had. All the minerals are dissolved in sea water.
The sea is also a factory. Now there has been found a
form of seaw-eed which is woven into a coarse and strong
cloth.
This is the way some of them use manure when ferti¬
lizer to go on the crop. A load of manure is put id the
spreader and thirty to forty pounds of the chemicals scat¬
tered over it. The result is that the whole thing is evenly
scattered.
1911.
3
CROPS SECURED ON AN ABANDONED
FARM.
About 22 years ago my father bought an 83-acre
river farm. As he had other property we did not
move on the place, and beyond cutting the grass and
hauling manure on the property, little was done.
Meanwhile the property assumed that forlorn and
“run-down” appearance that many abandoned farms
get whose owners had made enough to retire to
town, or had abandoned for lack of help to work.
Three years ago the place came into my possession,
and not liking farming I made some efforts to sell
the place, but from its appearance prospective pur¬
chasers said the soil was all “worn out,” and al¬
though the land lay in a nice position and quite free
from stone, I could make no sale. As it was only
a short distance from town on a good level road, and
a pleasant place to live, I immediately rebuilt the
house, put the barns, fences, etc., in good conditon, or
rebuilt, and moved on the farm. Being an R. F. D.
carrier I had little time to work the farm beyond
caring for a large garden. From the results ob¬
tained I could see that the soil was not all “worn
out,” and although the knowing (?) ones assured me
I could raise nothing on the land until I paid out
several hundred dollars for fertilizer, lime, etc., I
decided to test whether the land was
really worthless, as some would call it,
for being virtually idle a number of
years, or for want of being properly
tilled.
We did not make a very early or
promising start as could be desired, but
Fig. 6 shows a picture of part of
garden taken the middle of August.
This piece was plowed late in the Fall
and in the Spring a good coat of ma¬
nure was given and the ground thor¬
oughly gone over with a spring-tooth
harrow. In the foreground are three
rows of tobacco, planted as an experi¬
ment; this was gone through three
times with the cultivator and part of
the crop was hoed only twice, and the
rest only once. Although set out the
first week of July we had numerous
leaves measuring 18 inches across, and
stalks weighing three and a half
pounds. From near end of rows to
rail fence is 800 feet, and in this gar¬
den were planted and growing straw¬
berry plants, cauliflower, tomatoes, pep¬
pers, cucumbers, beans, turnips, beets,
celery, buckwheat, potatoes, cabbage,
pop and sweet corn and squashes. With
the exception of the beets and turnips
the remainder of the crop was above
the ordinary. Much of my buckwheat
stood three and four feet high, while
on another piece I raised muskmelons
that grew four to five pounds. Fig. 7
is piece of dent corn planted on an¬
other section of the farm about June 9,
cultivated and hoed only once, cut first
week in October. The picture was
taken about three weeks later, after the
corn had shrunk and many of the tops
had been broken off by the wind. This
ground was plowed late, and as we
were unable to get any manure on the
ground before planting we used about
one quart of commercial corn fertilizer
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
A ONE-HORSE FARMER’S VETCH.
I am emphatically a “one-horse” farmer or less,
for my one horse does for others more than enough
to pay for the labor of an extra horse when I need
two. My land is on the bank of the Merrimac
River, is generally level and free from stones. It
would, I suppose, all be called sandy loam, some of
it much lacking humus, some of it having plenty, but
all needing lime. It is easy to cultivate, is ideal land
for corn except when there is witch grass. Witch
grass makes good hay, if cut early, but is inclined
to occupy all the best land where there is the most
humus and leave no room for other crops. There
is much advice given for conquest of witch grass.
We are told, too, that we can conquer the evil of
the world by bringing in the good. My experience
leads me to think clover will conquer witch grass if
we will use lime. The articles in The R. N.-Y.
years ago on “clover,” “clover sickness,” etc., were
intensely interesting to me. A seed catalogue says
Winter vetch will grow on poor land and do better
on good. I thought I would try it on about an
acre about as poor as any. I bought the seed and
rye and sowed as directed, having manured lightly.
I don’t remember the amount of lime I used. I think
not much over half a ton caustic, a kind I cannot
hope to cut some next year for hay. One thing more
interests me. On the rye and vetch which stood until
the seed was ripe my cow will eat all the vetch and
much of the rye. I thought rye straw was almost
worthless for feed. This reminds me of your
“brevity” on page 1166. james danforth.
Massachusetts.
R. N.-Y. — We have reports from a number of
farmers who started vetch in this way. It did poorly
at first, but by saving the seed of the plants that did
grow the farmers were finally able to fit the plant
to their farms.
A RURAL DELIVERY MAN’S GARDEN. Fig. 6
CORN ON AN “ABANDONED” FARM. Fig. 7.
mixed into a 10-quart pail of poultry droppings pul- handle without a handkerchief over my nose and
verized. About a small handful was dropped into goggles on my eyes, for I spread it by hand. This
the furrow, the tarred corn dropped on to this and was in September, 1908. The next season I had a
covered. fme crop Gf rye an(j vetc]l ;n spots on one-half the
I have no doubt many of our abandoned farms piece. Some of the vetch was good, showing what it
can be worked with as good success as I have ob- was when it did well. On the other half of the piece
tamed from my place, but I find that many intend- where I thought the land was about the same the
ing purchasers of farms are more willing to pay - rye was not quite as good, and no vetch except here
-i extra high price for farms that are cultivated to and there a few very feeble vines,
their fullest capacity and require constant attention, All of the rye, in which there was much good
money and correct methods to keep so than to
purchase an abandoned farm at a much lower price
and derive all the benefits of working it up to as
lngh a state of cultivation by their own work and
methods. This phase of the situation I have noticed
many times, and have no doubt it can be likened to
the thoughts of the investors in the get-rich-quick
vetch, I saved and thrashed by itself, and sowed the
seed on another piece in September, 1909. This sec¬
ond piece I had cultivated more years past and was
then in better condition for any crop. On this piece
I had a good crop of rye and lots of vetch, the rye
as high as my head and the vetch as high as I could
reach. The rye was not tall enough to hold it up.
- , - * * a. wv. vv CIO UVJl tel 1 1 kUv 11 LU UU1U H UU.
concerns, who by their prosperous appearance and Roth years I have allowed it to stand for seed. This
flKnln V r» Otl mnnon _ 1- _ 1 . _
display can induce investors to invest where a less
inviting but nevertheless more sold chance of suc¬
cess would not get a second look. The four children
in Fig. 6 show what other strong healthy crops
can be grown on such farms besides corn, grain and
last Spring I had a second crop of rye and vetch
on the first piece from seed that sowed itself and
made a splendid pasture for my cow until into July.
On the second piece after cutting the vetch was all
over the piece, and the cow fed on it for weeks and I
« - v/vw emu Lilt LU \V 1CU Ull 11 IU1 WCCK5 ailU 1
. ‘1U P,n(llce- The owner of such a farm musf expect or hope for a fine pasture for her there next
judge for himself what plan to follow in building Spring. Vetch is a new thing about here. No one
w- p- VAN loan. knows anything about it. I don’t know much, but
usque lanna Co., Pa. I am enthusiastic. I have sown more this Fall and
PROTECTION FROM ELECTRIC WIRES.
On page 1135 an article appears headed “Death
in the Electric Wire,” the purport of which was to
show how a farmer in California lost his life through
his ignorance of the principles of electricity, by
touching and taking hold of a wire fence which had
accidentally come in contact with a high potential
conductor from a distant plant. It also advised what
to do in order to avoid the awful consequences that
befel Mr. Vargas. The article though attempting to
give the reason for the accident, is misleading because
it gives only half the facts, which, plainly speaking,
were that not only the wire but also
the earth was acting as a conductor, and
when contact with the live wire would
be death to anyone touching it. A much
easier and I believe a sure preventive
of any such accidents would be to have
a wire run from the fence wire and
driven into the earth at one or two
places in a fence, which would make the
fence the same polarity as the earth.
In this case a live wire which might
drop on the fence would make a short
circuit and burn itself clear of the fence.
1 his is the mode of safeguarding in
general use by electrical concerns, and
would certainly be a safer way than try¬
ing to insulate portions of a fence.
New Jersey. a. b. dow.
V hile the insulated gaps are all right,
they are troublesome, and still leave a
part of the fence charged. The neces¬
sary thing to do is to ground the fence
thoroughly in the neighborhood of any
high-tension wires that are apt to cross
it, and this will make insulation unnec-
sary, and at the same time do the best
possible thing by giving immediate no¬
tice to the power-station in the case of a
ground, and blowing out the fuse or
breaker so as to deaden the power-wires.
A good electrical ground would be made
by selecting the wettest place in the
neighborhood (if a pond or tank so
much the better) and burying in it, or
deep enough below the surface so that
it will be always moist, say about 25
square feet of sheet-metal, and connect¬
ing it by a No. 0 or larger galvanized
wire to all the strands of the fence. The
connection should be by soldering, and if
handier of course three or four pieces
of ordinary fence wire could be used in¬
stead of No. 0. The sheet metal should
be copper to insure permanency, but an
old tin roof would last a long while
under ground. A connection to a pipe
driven in the ground down to permanent water-line
would do, if the top end is tinned so that, a soldered
joint can be made. In short, ground your fence just
like a lightning-rod, and you will be in no danger
from power wires so long as they hit the fence first.
Wisconsin. george w. colles.
The accident due to the crossing of electric and
fence wires on page 1135 could have been prevented
with very little trouble by the following plan, which
also would avoid any danger from a lightning bolt.
When setting posts thrust a crowbar down its full
length every hundred yards. This will usually reach
permanent moisture. Cut and double a wire long
enough to reach from bottom of hole to top of post,
shove this wire down the bolt and tamp with bar.
When stretching fence staple this ground wire tightly
across each strand. This will effectually ground the
fence and will last as long as the posts. All short sec¬
tions should be grounded. Several years ago I heard
of a case where lightning followed an ungrounded
fence and killed a cow which stood close to the bars,
though the bolt struck several rods away. Dry wood
is almost a perfect insulator and wood is not a good
conductor when wet if the stick is sound. The posts
which caught fire were probably soggy or green wood.
I have built nearly two miles of fence grounded as
above in a regular “lightning infested” place where it
has struck not only once, but as often as three times
in the same place. r.
East Stroudsburg, Pa.
THE RURAI> NEW-YORKER
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
leparate piece of paper.]
CUTTING BACK PEACH TREES.
D. H. L., Garden City , Kan. — I have
about 300 peach trees set out nine years
ago, different varieties, which have not
been topped back for four years. Would it
be a safe pi’oposition to top back trees
this age? The growth since topping is
from four to six feet. If safe, how much
should I cut back? Peaches were a total
failure for two years through late freez¬
ing. This year the freeze got most of
them. I had about 60 bushels, and they
sold for $2.50 per bushel direct to fami¬
lies.
Ans. — It will be entirely safe to cut
back the peach trees mentioned, and very
likely they would be greatly benefited
by it. Peach trees should not be al¬
lowed to grow at will from year to
year, but cut in some at least every al¬
ternate year. The amount of wood cut
off should depend on the condition of
the trees. Enough of the old wood
should be cut away to keep up a supply
of new wood to bear plenty of fruit
and to keep the trees with round and
moderately compact heads. As these
particular trees are nine years old, have
not been pruned for four years and have
made growth from four to six feet long
in that time, I would suppose that they
need heading back about half way of
this growth. This should be done early
next Spring. If done during the cold
weather of the present Winter the cut
branches may die back somewhat from
the effects of the cold.
H. E. VAN DEMAN.
g -
Developing a Grass Farm.
A. B., Gloversville, N. Y. — I have 10
acres of clover on my farm near Alta-
inont, N. Y., that averaged three tons per
acre first cutting last season. I intend
to plow it next July, after hay is gathered,
about eight inches deep, broadcast 1,000
pounds per acre of good lime, then sow
Hairy vetch at the rate of one bushel per
acre. The next Spring about May 1, plow
it under and sow to oats after broadcast¬
ing 200 pounds per acre of high-grade fer¬
tilizer. I have five lots of 10 acres each,
of which this is one. As it is a heavy clay
hay farm I have four lots in hay each year,
and one in oats. After the oats are gath¬
ered I intensely cultivate like Clark for
two months, and September 1 sow to
Timothy and Red-top with 800 pounds of
high-grade fertilizer without cover crop, and
in the succeeding Spring 600 pounds more
and 200 pounds after first cutting. I am
just commencing this system, and as my
farm is a natural hay farm I am expecting
good results. Do you think the clover sod
plowed under eight inches in July will be
sufficiently rotted to plow all right the
next May? Also your opinion about the
vetch sown in July and plowed under May
1 as a seed bed for oats? While it is un¬
questionably good on sandy soils would it
be helpful to my soil? I take it for
granted that there cannot be too much
vegetable matter in any soil for hay and
oats.
Ans. — Yes, we think the clover sod
can be plowed so as to make a good
seed bed for oats — also the vetch. The
latter is better adapted to light or sandy
soils, but we have reports from farmers
who, by seed from their own crops,
have been able to make good use of
it in all soils. You must remember
that large amounts of lime will be need¬
ed in such farming, and the grass seeded
in this “Clark” plan must be well fed.
hired an array of brilliant lawyers, while
on the other hand, the entire population
of the valley lined up to defend their
rights. The storv is told by a correspond¬
ent. It has a lesson for other farmers :
"The Vermont Legislature has a repre¬
sentative from every township, consequently
the House has 246 members. The Senate
has two or three men from each county
and about 30 members. How was the bat¬
tle fought? A telling petition was printed
leaving a blank space beneath for signers.
A copy was placed in all the Woodstock
stores and in every village store and mill
up and down the river. Every _ store¬
keeper was exhorted not, on his life, to
let a man get away without signing. Soon
the committee was overwhelmed by peti¬
tions. The bill was fortunately sent to the
Committee on Conservation of Forests, the
chairman of which, Mr. Battell, has
bought and given the State much moun¬
tain woodland. The committee had two
hearings. Many delegations went before
the committee and a great many more
wrote letters of protest signing their
names. One roan made it his business to
talk against the bill among members out¬
side of Windsor Co. Later two lawyers
were employed when _ it was found the
paper company had six or seven lawyers
in the lobbv. The telephone played an
important part. A very fair newspaper
article I sent went on the desk of every
member and was read before voting. Soon
everv man, woman and child in this val-
lev 'was enlisted against the Champlain
Realty Paper Co. with the effect that when
the final vote was taken the paper company
got three votes out of the 246.”
LEGISLATION IN THE BASHFUL STATE.
We have called Vermont the “Bashful
State” because her people seemed ashamed
to tell the world what they have to offer.
These bashful citizens can put up a bat¬
tle when they once get started, and in
their very bashfulness they set a good ex¬
ample to the western boomers. Whenever
the people of a section stand up and fight
for their rights we like to let the world
know about it — for that is the way things
are done in this world. The Champlain
Realty Paper Co. got a bill before the
Vermont legislature granting them the
right to float logs down the Ottauqueecliee
River and its tributaries. This would
have ruined the stream by removing the
forests, made it dangerous and changed
the character of the valley simply to en¬
rich this corporation. The realty company
DIRT
out of the
Milk
out— keep
it out.
One milk pail and only one will doit. Milk goes
through the strainer cloth into the pail, untainted,
while the dirt shelf catches all the dirt from the
udders and handling in the
Sterilac Milk Pail
(Try It lO Days Frea)
You will never civ© it up if you try it. The only sanitary
milk pail that has the approval of all dairymen. Heavy,
well made, the proper height, .lust the right “set," easy
to pour milk out of, easy to clean, and, above all, it keeps
milk pure. Best way to keep milk from souring, surest
way to keep out of trouble with Boards of Health and Milk
Commissions, and get a reputation lor pure milk. Price
$2.50 prepaid. Order direct if dealer doesn’t have it. Sim¬
ply return at our expense if not satisfactory. Circular free.
STERILAC COMPANY, 5 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass.
Use a HERCULES
All-Steel Triple-Power
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30 Days’ Free Trial
Clear up your stumpy fields at our risk now
■with a famous Hercules on 30 days’ Free Trial.
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and machined, reducing friction, increasing
power, making . it extremely light-running.
I Hitch on to any stump
400^ and the
More
Power
Stump is Bound
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Also pulls largest-
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Save big money
by getting our
rnrr DAOVC and free trial offer. Also
r Rr.r. DUUfVij special proposition to
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HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO.
130 17th Street, Centerville, Iowa
BUY LIME NOW .a
lime in paper
sacks, carlots,
for $7.50 per ton. Lime screenings in bulk, from
best grade of burnt lime, $5.00 per ton. f. o. b.
cars any point between Buffalo and New York
on main lines of the N. Y. Central, Erie, D. L.
& W. and C. R. R. of N. J. Order early before
the great demand sets in and delays shipments.
Address J. W. BALLARD CO.. Binghamton. New York.
CAI CQUCU WAklTPH Free outfit. Commis-
OALCoMtN VYAIl I HU gionpaid weekly. Write
f .... . _ _ DCDDV IIIIDC.
I
- for terms. PERRY NURS-
T0 SELL TREES AND PLANTS ERIES, Rochester. N. Y.
WANT TWO BUSHELS GOOD BUTTERNUTS, how much,
f.o.b.? Address "C,’’ care of Rural New-Yorker.
Virginia Farms and Homes.
FREE CATALOGUE OF SPLENDID BARGAINS
R. B. CHAFFIN & CO., Inc., Riclimond,Va.
FRUIT, SHADE and ORNAMENTAL
TREES, SHRUBS and ROSES
A Large Stock of the Finest Quality. Also
a Full Line of the BEST Spray Pumps, and
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our Customers. Write for Price List.
CALL’S NURSERIES, Ferry, Ohio.
Why HarrisSeeds
are Surest and Best
Seed that gr<nus— that gets right down to business and
makes good plants — is the only kind you can aff ird — and
it’s the kind you get when you order from us. Every strain of
our seed lias a pedigree— has made a record for years.
Nearly all of it is grown on our own farms ; we give it a
careful gerynination festt to prove just how much of it is
good. When we’ve found that out, we print it on a
special label appearing on each package, so that
You can always tell how much
of our seed will come up
Think of what that means ! You
can tell when you plant it, whether
to sow thick or light ; you can get
just the stand you want without
resowing, without wasting any
seed, and, most important of all,
i without wasting any time.
■ Our free Catalogue contains
aluable information about Gar¬
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Write for it NOW.
ercO.«\ JOSEPH HARRIS CO.
v Moreton Farm, Box 31
COLDWATER, N. Y.
The Label Tells
You How Our Seeds Grow
[The confidence felt by farmers and
gardeners in Ferry's Seeds to-day
i would have been impossible to feel in
[ any seeds two score
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exactly what you
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everywhere. FERRY’S 1911 SEED
1 ANNUAL Free on request
O. M. FERRY & CO., Dotrolt, Mich.
GuaranteedTrees
t Wholesale Prices
Direct from the Growers. Free
from Seale and disease.
Apple, 2-year, 4-5 foot, $8.80 per 100
Peach, 3-4 foot, $3.50 per 100
Cherry, fine 2-year, $3.50 per 100
Write for Free Descriptive Catalogue .
Bros. Nurseries, 1024 Reilly Rtf.,Dansville,N.Y.
Fruit Trees at $6.48 tor 100
WE GROW THF, TREES WE SELL, which
are the best known for garden and or.
chard. Fresh dug, troe to name, no scale,
no risk. Personal attention given each
order. Send us a list of your wants for
wholesale prices. Everybody write for
tree illustrated catalogue.
2 APPLE TREES. 1 McIntosh and 1
Banana, sent postpaid for 25 cents.
Maloney Bros. & Wells, Box 13 D&nsville, N. Y.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
^JCELERl^CIUMniRSER^SJtii^KsuMazooJAiCj^
FRUIT
Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries,
Peaches, Small Fruits, Shrubs,
Roees. Finest Stock. Low Prices.
Free Catalog. Save money. Write.
J. FAERBER FRUITLAN0 NURSERIES
383 WiatM W North, Rochester, N.Y.
December 10,
When yon write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 12.
Bumper Crops of
STRAWBERRIES
in Mid-Summer
and Lafe Fall.
Send for Catalogue.
T. C. KEVITT
Athenia, N. J .
OATS
Merit is Bound to Win
Some one has truly said that if a man
builded a better article than anyone else,
that though it be builded in a wilder¬
ness people would wear a path through
the forest to purchase. Merit is bound
to win. You can “fool part of the peo¬
ple all the time and all the people part
of the time, but you can’t fool all the
people all the time.” The thousands
upon thousands of progressive farmers
in North America, Australia, South
America, Russia, Germany, in fact, in
every part of the grain growing world,
would not use Superior Grain Drills
unless they were right. Why are they
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Lima beans, you can sow any commer¬
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Superior puts the grass seed under the
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wherever a disc harrow will run. Stalks,
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Drilled oats and small grains will with¬
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broadcasted. You can get a good stand
of clover if you sow it in the spring at
the same time you do your oats or
wheat, because the young clover plants
get a good stalky growth at a very
critical time — when they need sun and
air. The Superior Drill is manufac¬
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American Seeding-Machine _ Co., In¬
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them for a Superior catalogue, read it
carefully. Go to your nearest imple¬
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a Superior Drill.
Martin Fertilizers
again, in 1910, far exceed expectations in sales and
crop results. Farmers for 20 or more years using
fertilizers say they never had as good crops as wit h
Martin’s: oats over 60 bu., wheat over 30 bu. per
acre with but 150 pounds. Agents are selling more
MARTIN PURE ANIMAL BONE FERTILIZERS easier and in
less time than any they ever sold. Haw materials
used are of the best and chiefly from our own? large
abattoirs and stockyards. We want active, re¬
sponsible agents at once. Farmers who have spare
time during the winter can add to their incomes.
Write NOW. Mention this paper.
D. B. MARTIN CO., 706 Penn Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa,
NATURAL
Add 50 to 100%
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manure by apply-
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Ground PHOSPHATE
Write for free Booklet
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Increase your
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7S% by applying
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THE FARMERS GROUND^ ROCK PHOSPHATE CO.Ks It?
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QTRAWBERRY PLANTS-All the leading and money making
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PEACH TREES
FALL 1910 SPRING 1911
We are prepared to quote prices and enter
orders now for just what you want of our
own grown trees. Don’t be disappointed
again the coming season but order now.
JOSEPH H. BLACK, SON & COMPANY
HIGHTSTOWN, _ NEW JERSEY
Choicest Clover Seed
direct from the farmer and selling direct to you
gives you best quality, clean seed, and saves you
money. Also handle Alsike and Timothy. Sample
free. Order now. O. M. SCOTT & SON, ’’ Only
Seeds— mostly clovers,” 10 Main St., Marysville, O.
1 AM A FARMER and have FOR SALE
STRICTLY CHOICE CLOVER SEED.
Also handle Mammoth and Alsike Clover, Timothy
and Millet Seed; Reid's Yellow Dent. Learning,
Boon Co. White, Silver Mine and the big Silo fod¬
der Seed Corn. Please ask for samples and price.
1 also buy all kinds of seed. L. F STOECKER,
Farmdale or Peoria, Ill. Box 17.
that YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
breaks all records. Nothing like it
Also SEED CORN. Samples and cat¬
alog free. THEO. BURT & SONS, MELROSE. OHIO.
it’s FREE
It tells you how you can save bio
money by ordering your fruit and
ornamental trees and shrubs, vines
and plants direct from us by mail
instead of through an agent. We
have thousands of satisfied custom¬
ers all over the country which
proves that our stock is the kind
you want to get.
We grow our own stock
and guarantee it
Send us your name ana address now.
ALLEN L. WOOD, Woodlawn Nurseries
565 Culver Road, Rochester, N. Y.
Peach Trees
fine, stocky,
ank
hardy, grown
on the bank of Lake Erie.
Free from borers and other
diseases. All kinds of Fruit
Trees in large supply. Head¬
quarters for Ornamentals.
50 acres in. Hardy Hoses,
none bettor grown. The Host
Flower and Vegetable
Seeds. 44 greenhouses of
E verblooming Roses,
Palms, Ferns, Ficus, Gera¬
niums, and other things too numerous to mention.
Mail size postpaid, safe arrival and satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Immense stock of SUPERB CANNAS, the
queen of bedding plants. Acres of Paeonlas and other
Perennials. No. 1 Catalog. 112 pages, for Fruits and
Ornamentals; No. 2, 168 pages, for Seeds and Plants.
Both FREE, Direct deal will Insure you the best
at first cost. Try It. 57 years. 1,200 acres. (18)
TheStorrs & Harrison Co., Box 155, Painesville, 0.
SPECI0SA TREES. MUe
R I QH are true lo name. Free booklet
vn I HLrn h. c. Rogers,
Box 311 Mechaaicsburfl, Ohio
FRUIT TREES
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry and
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY GO.
Box 8f Yalesville, Conn.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
6
THE GROWING SEASON.
In looking at my young oak trees in
the Fall of 1909, I thought the trunks
looked bigger than in midsummer. As
I had not measured them I could not
be sure, but I determined to watch
them this year. I have just completed
my measurements, and give them for
the benefit of jrour readers. In the ac¬
companying diagram. Fig. 8, the
vertical lines show the time the meas¬
urements were taken. The distance
from the base to the slanting cross lines
running from each tree name shows the
actual circumference of the tree at each
date. Then the variation in slant will
indicate the relative rapidity of growth
of the different trees and the variation
in rapidity of growth in different
months ; the straight lines across the
last column meaning no growth be¬
tween September 10 and November 6.
Of course the apparent decrease of two
in the last column may be explained by
slight inaccuracy in measuring. The
vertical distance between the two ends
of each line shows the season’s in¬
crease in circumference, the English
elm having grown over two inches and
the Kieffer pear only a half inch. All
grow under similar conditions in clay
soil on a town lot. They were meas¬
ured with a strip of paper six inches
above the ground. This strip with the
marks for each tree was then applied
ENGLISH ELf\
SOURCHERRY/.
STAY. WIN E5 AR \\
SILVER MAPLE})’
GRIMES G0LDEH.V;
YELLOW TRANSRAR.'-.
NEFFER PEAR.'"
NORWAY MAPLE. - "
WILLOW OAK/)
PIN OAK...
DIAGRAM OF TREE GROWTH. Fig. 8.
to the chart and the cross lines drawn
from the previous measurement.
We see that the most growth was
made in June and July. The neglect to
take a record between June 5 and July
26 leaves us in doubt as to the exact
time of greatest growth. Little growth
was made before June except by the
Norway maple, although the young
twigs had grown greatly in length be¬
fore that on the maples and fruit trees.
Most of the trees grew but little after
midsummer, but even the long drought
did not stop the oaks till late, while the
English elm grew all Summer and ap¬
parently took a fresh start after the
drought. I wish to commend this as
a method of measuring the value of the
sum of all the factors affecting growth,
which if kept with weekly measure¬
ments would show all the annual varia¬
tions of growing conditions as well as
give a means of comparing different
years and situations more accurate than
weather records or soil analyses. Tak¬
ing the average of growth in length of
several kinds of vines grown under dif¬
ferent conditions would be an easier
method. The following would do.
Boston ivy, grape, bean, hop, Sweet po¬
tato, Madeira vine, Crimson Rambler
rose, balloon vine, morning-glory, Japa¬
nese honeysuckle, pumpkin, gourd,
ihose that continue growth throughout
tne Summer would be more useful.
J. B. S. NORTON.
Maryland Experiment Station.
BULK OR QUALITY IN SILAGE.
Your article on page 1140 entitled
the New England Corn Show,” raises
the very important question of what
should be our purpose in growing sil¬
age corn — yield per acre or quality of
product. Perhaps the conditions sur¬
rounding the dairyman will to a certain
extent determine the answer. If he is
working high-priced land and is get-
Ung a high price for dairy products it
may be profitable for him to grow as
much rough feed as possible per acre,
making up any deficiency in feeding
value with an extra grain ration. But
how is it with the dairyman who must
produce milk as cheaply as possible, and
who wishes to provide as much nutri¬
ment as possible in the home-grown
rough feeds? I believe such a man
cannot afford to grow silage corn
which will not mature ears in an aver¬
age season. It is absolutely necessary
to provide a certain amount of coarse,
bulky feed in the ration, but the amount
of such feed which the animal can
consume and digest is necessarily limit¬
ed. Performance at the pail does not
depend upon gross weight of feed con¬
sumed, _ but upon nutriment consumed
and digested. It follows, therefore,
that if we supply any part of a ration
which is not up to the highest possible
standard we have lost an opportunity
to make the animal do its best. Now
what is the case when we feed silage
from corn which does not mature? The
Vefmont Experiment Station in 1900
and 1901 planted four varieties of corn:
Sanford, a medium early flint, and
three later maturing and larger yield¬
ing dents. The results are summarized
in the twentieth annual report, as fol¬
lows :
The larger corns produced from 50 to
70 per cent more gross weight than did
the Sanford, but averaged only 10 per cent
more dry matter, and that was less mature.
The several crops were ensiled and fed.
When the cows were changed from San¬
ford silage to that made from the larger
growths, shrinkage of milk flow ensued un¬
less an increased amount of silage was
fed. The Sanford silage was a shade
richer in protein and much richer in car¬
bohydrates than that made from the
larger growths, doubtless due to its greater
maturity. The large corns look impres¬
sive, but they yield but little or no more
actual food matter than do some smaller
varieties. The farmer has, moreover, to
harvest and house largo tonnages of water
which may generally be procured cheaper
in other ways.
The results of seven trials at the
Maine Station comparing Southern
corn with field corn show an increase
of 12,492 pounds green weight in favor
of the former, but when it comes to
digestible substance the gain is but 175
pounds. Now, is it profitable to grow
and handle six tons of green weight
in order to secure 175 pounds of diges¬
tible dry matter? In answering this
question we must not only take into
consideration the fact that an extra
weight must be handled, but also the
fact that the animal must consume and
digest a much larger bulk. I believe
all things considered the smaller crop
will put more dollars in the dairyman’s
pocket. We are now feeding silage
made from flint corn which was plant¬
ed so thickly that no ears were formed.
The yield was large for a flint, fully 20
tons to the acre, but we cannot get the
cows to consume enough of this so that
they make their usual records. Instead
of aiming for enormous yields of im¬
mature green silage corn per acre, will
we not come out better if we try to
develop as large a yielding variety as
will mature in our locality, and then
plant this variety so that it will ear well,
cutting the whole plant into the silo?
Vermont. e. s. brigham.
BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED CATALOG
114 Large Pages— Mailed Free
( About K Natural Size)
ESCHSCHOLTZIA THORBURNI
( California Poppy)
anmlal- Sow outdoors in Spring.
I he grandest of all Eschscholtzias. The
unopened buds on outer side of petals
are of the deepest crimson, toning down on the
inner side to bright flame color and molten
gold. \\ e will mail a packet of this valuable
novelty and a copy of our beautiful catalog—
ihe best Seed annual published in America — for
only lOeents, stamps or coin. (Regular
price of Seed, lo cents packet.) Write today.
J. M. THORBURN & CO
DEPT. Y |
33 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK
Free guide to lighter work.
The Planet Jr 19 n illustrated catalogue is a
^complete guide to lighter farm work, better
IX crops, and more money. Every farmer and
gardener should possess it as soon as the
mail can bring it. What’s the sense
of drudging when you don’t have to?i
Write today, and let this free book
help you select the labor-saving
implements you need.
S L Allen & Co
Bog 1107 Y PhilaPa
| No. 11 *1 Planet Jr
Double-Wheel Hoe,
has an important im-J
provement for 1911 — a steely
‘ .frame, making it prac-^
tically indestructible. ,
Adapted to many.
I
I
I No. 4 I
Planet Jr
Combined
Hill and
Drill Seeder,
Wheel-Hoe,
Cultivator, and
Plow is a real ne¬
cessity in every good
garden. Can be ad¬
justed in a moment to
sow ah garden seeds, hoe,
cultivate, weed, and plow.
Unequaled for lightness,
strength and beauty,
l
.kinds of work.
.Pays for itself^
in a sin-
SAVE MONEY«*FRUIT PLANTS
Healthy, northern-grown stock, which will produce
money-making crops. Strawberry. Raspberry Black¬
berry, Currant. Grape Plants. Etc
READ OUR GUARANTEE
Every plant we ship is guaranteed to be first class
and true to name, packed to reach you in good grow¬
ing condition (by express), and please you. or your
money back.
You can make big money growing good berries,
but you cannot expect to grow good fruit by planting
and replanting small inferior stock.
Our plants are all grown on new ground (this being
the first crop) and are large, heavy rooted and free
from disease.
We grow them by the million on our own ground
and know what we are selling. That is why our busi¬
ness has nearly doubled every year for the past
twenty-two years.
We can save you money on 100 plants or a car load. Our large illustrated catalogue
is instructive and is free to all fruit growers Write for it today
O. A. D. BALDWIN, R. D. 14, Bridgman, Mich.
Plants
Will Yield $500 to $800 per Acre
THE Kellogg 1911 strawberry book is the most
complete treatise on strawberry growing ever
written. It tells the farmer how to grow big
crops of big, red strawberries and how to sell
them at big prices. No matter where you live or
what kind of soil you have, this book will tell you
how to prepare your soil, what varieties to set,
and how to manage the plants to Insure best
results. One acre of Kellogg Thoroughbred
Plants grown the Kellogg way will yield S500 to
$800. Get this beautifully illustrated 64-page
book and learn how easy It is to grow straw¬
berries for market or home use. It’s free.
R. M. KELLOGG COMPANY, Box 480 Three Rivers, Mlcb.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW
You will find my new 1911
seed catalog a real help to you.
It contains useful information
that will help solve your farm
and garden problems. Also a com¬
plete list of the choicest varieties of
tested farm and garden seeds that
will produce the best results.
Send for it today. A postal mentioning
The Rural New-Yorker will bring it to
you promptly.
On receipt of 10c in coin or stamps, I will
also send you three 10c packets of seed
—one each of my unequaled Bonny Best
Early Tomatoes, new Sparkler White Tip
Radish and orchid flowering Sweet Peas.
Walter P. Stokes ,
Dept. L, 219 Market St., Philadelphia <
THAT DO NOT DISAPPOINT
All Standard Varieties. Also RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY.
CURRANT and GRAPE Plants and ASPARAGUS Roots in
ASSORTMENT. WARRANTED TRUE-TO-NAME, and of
GRADE represented. Catalog with Cultural Instructions FREE
C E. WHITTEN. BOX 11, BRIDGMAN. MICHIGAN.
I® 1® I I Sold on The Ford Plan, which guar-
antees satisfaction and saves you
money on every purchase. Our cat¬
alog tells about it, gives descriptions and low prices on
Best varieties Garden, Flower and Field Seeds, Pota¬
toes, Bulbs, Trees, Shrubs and Small Fruit Plants. Con¬
tains lots of testimonials from our customers. It’s free.
FOKD SEED CO., Dept. 34, Kavenna, Ohio.
GREGORY’S HONESTI
FLOWER SEED OFFER
We will send you these ten packages of Gregory’s
Honest Flower Seeds, postpaid, for 25 cents In coin. 1
_ 90 cents worth for 25 cents
1 pkg. Aster. Gregory’s Special Fancy Mixture, . . 10c.
1 pkg- Pansy, Gregory’s Special Fancy Mixture, . 15c.
1 pkg. Coreopsis, Gregory’s Special Fancy Mixture, 05c.
J Pkk- Poppy, Gregory’s Faney Double Mixed Annuals' 10c
1 pkg. Mignonette, Gregory’* Lnrge Flowering, very rleh 10c!
} ‘ “a^heIor Button, Gregory’s Finest Mixture, He.
1 pkg. I etunia, Gregory’s Finest Hybrid Mixture, . 15c.
1 pkg. Candytuft, Gregory’s Finest Mixed, . . .05c.
1 pkg. Nasturtium, Dwarf, Finest Mixed, . . . .05c
^pkg. Sweet Peas, Extra Choice Mixed, . . . . 05c!
10 packages sent for 25c in coin.
Our '1911 Catalogue .morel
. profusely illustrated than ever,
^HONEST J# is just out. A copy to you for
Ve?-, _ the asking.
J.J. H. GREGORY & SON,
1 4 Elm St., Marblehead, Mass,
gj Cabbago Sood— We sup-f
ply largest growers in U.S.l
Cauliflower — Danish’
grown, large, fertile seed.
Onion Seed— No cleaner, truer seed.
Cucumber Sood— White as chalk. ^
Also pedigreed Peas, Beane and Sweet Corn. About
J4 usual prices. We sell direct— no middlemen. Write.
- FORREST SEED CO., Box 32 Cortland. N.Y.
(P r. LLn C _ J All the best varieties,
5jCGQ including the grand
6 new variety GLORY. i
Tins is very early, solid, white and flnest quality. It’s a
money-maker for you. Our catalog, sent free to all, tells
all about it and Ford’s Sound Seeds of all kinds. Writ© today
iTOKD SEED CO., Dept. 24, Kaveima. Ohio.
Alfalfa Book
crFREE
We are
in the center
of the alfalfa district — w
and are the largest handlers of
alfalfa in the U. S. We sell best grade w
a‘ ^ price. Ask for Free Alfalfa Booklet
nfrairColleget£:0mery’ Nebraska State Agricul-
Also big catalog of all Garden and Field Seeds Free.
Griswold Seed Co.,227 So. loth St.. Lincoln. Neb.
Peach and Apple Trees
For fall or spring planting. Prices right; stock
right. MYER & SON, Bridgoville, Del.
!i!S GRAPEVINES
69 v arletle*. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best Root¬
ed Stock, Genuine, cheap, 2 sample vine* mailed for 10c. Desc.
price-list free, LE'US UOESCI1 St SON, BoxK. Frsdonla, N. y.
e
THE RURAIi NEW-YORKER
January 7,
A PERFECT STAND
Of potato** U what you will f.t with (sod
Mod ud »n Iron Age Planter It plants 100
pat cent, without mluu ot doublet or In¬
jury to the teed. Every teed piece pieced.
Jut* right, at even tpecet end covered uni¬
formly. The boy peys for bit labor 10 to 20
tlmea over, end the planter payt for ittelf —
•tkeny near. With or without fertilirer dlttrlbnter.
Farm and
_ Garden Tools
bave "made food” and proven their
tuperiority for 75 yeart. 8end
postal to-day for our Anni¬
versary Catalog— it tells all
about our Potato Planter*,
Oultlratort, Diggers, Spray¬
ers, Garden Toole. Wheel
Host, Drill!, etc., and ia
IHS1. Don't delay.
BATEMAN M*P*0 CO.
BOX 1026 9RENLOCH, N. J.
mm
HAMILTON RESERVOIR
ORCHARD
HEATER
Positively
the most
effective
heater be¬
cause of its
REGULATED
FIRE. Many
other points of superiority.
Write for our RED BOOK on orchard
heating free. Tells you how best to smudee
HAMILTON ORCHARD' HEATER CO., Grand Junction, Cole.
48 Million Shortage
Government statistics show there were 48,000,000 bush¬
els less of potatoes grown In the United States last
year than In 1909. This with increasing population
must necessarily make a larger demand for potatoes
In 1911. No crop as a
Money Maker
equals It. and the Information showing how to grow
for profit will be mailed absolutely free to any one
asking for It. Our president has devoted over fifty
years to the study of potato culture and the manufac¬
ture of machinery for handling the crop in all stages.
ASPINWALL MANUFACTURING CO.
437 Sabin Street, Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.
World’s Oldest and Largest Makers of Potato Machinery.
Make Your
Loading Easy
4 Out out the backaches, strains and ruptures by
using low Empire Steel Wheels for your farm
hauling. Ton can put on a bigger load. Half the
work. Half the time. Save your team. Don’t
out up your fields.
EMPIRE LOW
STEEL WHEELS
cost only one-half as much as wood¬
en wheehi. They save you tire cut¬
ting and repair expense. You can
change your wooden wheels for your
Empire Steel Wheels any time in 5 minutes.
Send for free catalog showing wheels and
low-priced Empire Handy Wagons.
Empire Mfg. Co.. BoxgsX. Quincy, III.
[mining Water on the Farm SSsSOTa
t low first cost with an automatic
RIFE RAM
Cheapest and most efficient
water supply for country
place, irrigation, farms, etc.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Booklet, plans, estimates fre*.
Rife Engine Co. 2429TrinityBldg„N.T.
WAT •rtf f DRILLING
W I/LfLf MACHINES
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or
•hallow wells in any kind of soil or rock. Mounted on
wheels or on sills. With enginesor horse powers. Strong;
pimple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them
Many. Send for catalog.
WILLIAMS BROS., Ithaca. N. Y.
SAVE HALF THE LABOR
in sa wing wood. You can do
this and at the same time,
cut more wood in a given
time than in any other way
by using
Table is mounted on grooved rolls, moves
easily— cut of saw is down instead of
against the operator as in old style ma¬
chines. Must be seen to be appreciated. We also
manufacture Drag Saws, Saw and Shingle Mills.
<l«t our prices on Canvas Belting; they will surprise yon.
Send tor prices and lull information.
Ireland Machine 8 Foundry Co.,14State St.,Norwich,N.Y.
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U.S. PATENT OFFICE.
. . . SOLELY MANUFACTURED BY . . .
*The Rogers Cl Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.,
Send for Free Almanac telling all about
the Hubbard “Bone Base” Fertilizers.
CROPS AND PRICES.
An unusually dry Fall ; Mississippi RiTer
lowest on record, at this point one foot
lower. Winter wheat I would judge 75
per cent of usual stand, fields infested
with Hessian fly, some few fields badly.
Probabilities are that great damage will
be done by the Spring brood of Hessian
fly. Fall-sown grass seed badly damaged
by dry weather. Corn crop was good in
this section ; oat crop an average wheat
below an average ; hay, good crops.
Nauvoo, Ill. M. H.
At present shelled corn is 33 cents per
bushel, 56 pounds ; oats 25 cents per bushel
of 32 pounds. Wheat bran is $1.15 per
hundred barrels; hay (wild or prairie) $10
per ton. Corn fodder at present is not
sold, most of this feed is left in the field
and cattle turned out, but this latter prac¬
tice is rather wasteful, which will be reme¬
died in the near future, as land values are
getting on a rather high level for a west¬
ern country. Land is selling at $60 to $125
per acre, accord to improvements and loca¬
tion. C. L.
Pierce. Neb.
The dairy and cold storage commissioner
of the Dominion Agricultural Department
reports on experimental shipment of
peaches made to Great Britain from Can¬
ada last Autumn that, averaging the ship¬
ments to the different markets, the peaches
sold in Great Britain for $1.04 per case
of 20 to 23 peaches. The costs to be
deducted were inland and ocean freight
from St. Catherines, Ontario, 13.6 cents
per case, and selling charges in Great
Britain, including commission, 9.7 cents
per case, leaving a net price of 80.7 cents
per case f. o. b. St. Catherines. On these
shipments this figured out 13 cents per
pound, or about 40 cents per dozen to the
shipper.
The apple crop in Augusta County, Vir¬
ginia, was very good this year ; 13,042 cars
of apples were shipped, aggregating 248,-
170 barrels, at an estimated value of about
$600,000. This is only the beginning of
the real apple industry in that part of
Virginia. Up to within a few years ago
very little spraying was done, and the
scale and other insects had begun to in¬
jure the orchards. The Virginia Horticul¬
tural Society, through its campaign for
better fruit, started a great interest in
spraying and thorough care, with the re¬
sult that large quantities of insecticides
have been used, fine fruit turned out, and
what is better, a great interest developed.
At the next meeting of the Horticultural
Society in Roanoke January 11 to 13,
there will be a hard competition for the
prize of the best five boxes of fruit, and
everything indicates a wonderful develop¬
ment of Virginia orcharding.
Winter began November 30 in the form
of a raging blizzard, and has continued to
this date (December 20) though without
the blizzard part now. Ground covered
with snow ; a steady cold without wind.
Wheat crop well protected ; large area
sown and made fine Fall growth. Some
corn still out in the fields and little head¬
way can be made in husking now. Stock
outlook better than one year ago- still
there is a shortage in some kinds. Health
of animals unusually good ; no cholera
among hogs. Scarcity of beef cattle makes
them in good demand. Horses are also in
good demand. Business outlook fair. The
holiday trade will be large. Farmers are
waking up and are beginning to act in
many important matters. High time, too.
Wheat, 92 cents ; corn, 37 ; oats, 32 ; hogs,
$7.75 per 100 ; cattle, 5 cents per pound ;
potatoes, 90 cents bushel; apples, $1.50
bushel ; butter, 30 cents a pound ; eggs, 53
cents a dozen ; poultry, 8 to 9 cents ; poul¬
try, young, 10 cents; hay, scarce, $14 and
$15; Timothy, $12 to $13 clover. J. H. H.
Carroll Co., lnd.
SUCCESSFUL CO-OPERATION.
In November, 1909, the Producers’ and
Consumers' Exchange was incorporated at
Brunswick, Me., with a capital of $10,000,
divided in shares of $1 each. The object
in making the price of shares so small was
to give everyone a chance to join with
us. It was thought that a company com¬
posed of 8,000 to 10,000 active members
could do more good than if the shares
were placed higher and a less number of
shareholders. Last April headquarters
were opened in Boston, and the Exchange
began its fight to sell the produce of its
members and purchase the supplies needed.
While no startling results have been ap¬
parent, the Exchange has made a steady
growth and sold for its members some¬
thing like $22,000 worth of potatoes, hay,
apples, eggs, butter, poultry, etc., at prices
in most cases a little over the market,
and bought supplies consisting of fertilizer,
chemicals, grass seeds, groceries, farm
tools, etc., at quite a saving. The work
of the Exchange is being closely watched
by both its friends and enemies, and the
enemies have put all the obstacles possible
in its way. It is a difficult task to find a
market for the produce of our members
in the face of lie opposition which the
Exchange is encountering, but it is being
done. The most serious drawback is not
having sufficient capital. At the annual
meeting of the Exchange in November last
Manville Hall was elected president ; F. S.
Adams, vice-president ; B. L. Stevens, treas¬
urer and manager ; E. H. Libbey, secretary
of the Maine State Grange, clerk ; E. C.
Patten, Overseer of Maine State Grange,
auditor ; C. E. Stetson, Master of Maine
State Grange ; M. Hall, F. S. Adams, Cattle
Commissioner, and E. G. Tilley were elected
directors.
At the State Grange of Maine, held at
Augusta, December 20-22, th(e manager,
B. L. Stevens, was present and made a
brief report of what the Exchange was
trying to accomplish. A great deal of
enthusiasm was displayed. F. S. Adams,
E. C. Adams and others spoke in its favor.
Any member of the Patrons of Husbandry
is eligible to join with us. and become
shareholders, and we wish that every
Patron would take as many shares as pos¬
sible at $1 each. We have been talking
cooperation for years, and now that we are
trying to put it into actual practice we
would like your help.
B. L. STEVENS, Mgr.
the Full Value of
Fence Investment
OW? Use good cor¬
ner and end posts, well
braced. Then stretch the
fence — stretch it till it sings.
Ell wood fence will stand any stretching.
You cannot break it.
Erect your fence in this way and
it will last twice as long. Any
fence dealer can supply the tools.
It costs no more to erect a fence
properly. It requires no greater
effort if you expend a little thought
to get the knack of doing it. Our
dealer nearest you will give you
a booklet explaining how to erect
a fence — how to make the work
easy and right.
The steel in Ellwood fence is
specially made for the purpose
from carefully selected stock. It
is hard, elastic, tough and springy.
The line wires, composed of two
or more wires twisted into cables,
give each individual wire the shape
of an elongated coiled spring.
The fence is therefore sufficiently
elastic to take care of expansion
and contraction, and yet so rigid
when properly stretched as to pre¬
vent sagging. The small and per¬
manent mesh is made by weaving
one continuous wire throughout
the fabric. The mesh or stay wires
are so interwoven that slipping
is impossible. The triangular truss
is the strongest form of construc¬
tion known. For this reason,
Ellwood fence will stand the
hardest usage and still retain
its shape.
Look for
Ellwood Fence is sold in your town. tLhe En
•wood dealer and let him show you his different styles of fence and
quote you his low prices. Get his expert advice on your special
needs. He is on the spot, buys in large quantities, gets the lowest
carload freight rates, demonstrates quality before your eyes and is
the man from whom you will get the most for your money.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago
New York
Denver
San Francisco
Send for copy of “Ellwood Fence Hews,” profusely illustrated, devoted
to the interests of farmers and showind how fence may be employed to
enhance the earning power of a farm. Furnished free upon application .
EMPIRE FENCE
the genuine EMPIRE big
wire fence, direct, at wholesale.
Save dealer’s profits.
Big Factory. Big
Sales. 23 Styles
No traveling salesmen, small
expense, prices low. Every-
guaranteed. Free samples by
mall. Prices of leading stylesfreight pre¬
paid to all points north ot the Ohio and
east of the Mississippi River: —
Vires Inches high Medium Weight Extra heavy (all No.9)
9 39 23c per rod 37c per rod
10 47 2Cc per rod tic per rod
12 B5 S2c per rod 49c per rod
Special rates beyond this territory.
BOND STEEL POST CO.. 23 E. Maunee St.. Adrian. Mich.
.0 D
FROST
WIRE FENCES
Extra Heavy Weight Farm Fences. Built
for service and satisfaction. Quality
first consideration. Best material snd
workmanship used in our Woven
Wire or Field Erected Fences.
Ask vour dealer. FREK catalog.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dept. H Cl.EVF.LANT>, O.
FENCE
Strongest
Made —
Made of High Carbon Double Strength
Coiled Wire. Heavily Galvanised to
prevent rust. Have no agents. Bell at
factory prices on 30 days’ free trial.
We pay al I freight. 37 heights of farm
and poultry fence. Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 263 Winchester, Indiana.
13i Cents a Rod
- P-S* For 18-in. 14 8-4e for 22-in. Hog *«—
Fence; 15e for 26-inch; 18 3-4c
1 for 32-inch; 25e for a 47-inch
~ Farm Fence. 48-inch Poultry
fence 38 l-2e. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
maMmanaBtaasHsi
LAWN FENCE
Many Styles. Sold on trial at
wholesale prices. Save 20
to 30 per cent. Illustrated
Catalogue free. Write today.
KITSELMAN BROS.
Box 440 Muncie, Indian.
LAWN FENCE
Many designs. Cheap as
wood. 32 page Catalogue
free. Special Prices to
Churches and Cemeteries,
oiled Spring Fence Co.
Box 3 1 4 Winchester, lnd.
FENCE
, O W PRICES. Ornamental iron fence is cheaper than wood
ir Lawns, Churches, Cemeteries, Public Grounds. Best Poultry
nd Farm Fence. Free Catalog. Write lor Special Offer.
iur til sen etucc rn Rat MR. rinrstur. lnd.
■tUlll. a rod 27c
Best high carbon coiled steel
wire. Easy to stretch over
hills and hollows. FREE
Catalog — f ences, tools. Buy
from factory at wholesale
prices. Write today to Box 67
Yi. H. MASON, LEESBURG. O.
•St — ' - (fj - Uh — ■•A/ ——Vi/
I FE/Nf
Rust Proof - Bull Strong
Fences for horses, cattle, sheep,
hogs, chickens, etc. 160 styles.
BARGAIN PRICES:
14 Cents Per Rod Up.
We pay the freight. Lawn Fences
and Gates. Free catalog and sample.
Th» Rrnwn Fence & Wire Co..
Pi
m
PUT UP REPUBLIC FARM CATES
fnex-
Handsome Catalog of Republic Farm
Gates and Ornamental Fences sent
FREE
REPUBLIC FENCE 4 GATE CO.,
And see for yourself how convenient,
pensive and durable they are.
Easily raised above snow drifts, or to allow chickens or hogs
to pass, at the same time turning cattle and horses.
Cost less than wooden gates, more easily handled
and last ten times as long.
REPUBLIC FARM GATES
arc built to stand the wear and tear of years. Frame made I
of high carbon extra heavy tubular steel, thoroughly braced
to prevent sagging. No holes to weaken the gate. Fabric is I
lar^e heavily galvanized, rust proof wires, closely spaced. |
A gate that weather and stock cannot destroy.
211 Republic St.,
NORTH CHICAGO, ILL.
1911.
THE KUKAb NEW-YORKER
7
CHANGEABLE ROTATION.
W. B. D., Mount Vernon, N. Y. — I have
read ‘‘Thirty Years of Chemicals and
Clover,” and I believe It is of great value
to a progressive farmer. My farm is in
Putnam County, N. Y., and I am running
It with hired help, and of course find it
difficult to make it even carry itself. I
supervise all the work and take great in¬
terest in its management and care ; did bet-
tre this year than ever before, selling about
$800 worth of apples and potatoes. I de¬
sire to follow your suggestion as to rota¬
tion as near as possible, and ask if in your
judgment this would be a good rotation
for me to follow, as I think I could use
oats to better advantage than wheat. (If
I am wrong in this, I -wish you would
correct me.) First year, corn. Second
year, potatoes, and these ripening in the
Fall, the ground would have to be left
bare for the Winter and until Spring. In
the Spring or third year sow oats and
clover and grass seed. Harvest the oats
and then for two years, or the fourth and
fifth years, grow grass and cut hay and
then continue this rotation over again. If
this rotation would be the best I could
follow, what aniount and kind of clover
and grass seed would you advise me using?
The land I would use as outlined is mostly
high land, but fairly level, some Slope but
not steep. I have come to the conclusion
that it is best for me to plant a rather
late potato, as I can handle the crop later
In Fall, better than at an earlier time. We
have apples to gather in the Fall as well,
and local people to whom I sell potatoes
will not buy until later in Fall, and by
having a late potato I do not have to
store them until I can sell them.
Ans. — The rotation in “Chemicals and
Clover” is corn, potatoes, wheat and
grass two years. Under this system it
is necessary to use early potatoes so as
to get them out in time for wheat seed¬
ing. We doubt if the oats will pay
better than wheat, and the change will
mean more Spring plowing. As - you
are situated, the change may be better.
We should sow Crimson clover and
turnips or vetch in the corn at last
working to plow under in Spring. Even
with late potatoes we should sow rye
after digging. This plan works well
with us. Dig the potatoes and work
over the field with a spring-tooth, lift¬
ing it at intervals so as to bunch the
vines and weeds. Haul these off and
pile around young trees. Sow rye after
the spring-tooth and cover with Acme
or spike harrow. This rye will save
nitrates and add humus to the soil. It
will no doubt pay you to use lime in
this rotation. We should do so when
seeding to oats and grass. We use
four pounds each Alsike and Red clover.
If the hay is to be sold use Timothy
seed alone, about 15 quarts per acre.
If for home feeding add five quarts
Red-top seed.
A STUDY OF SOILS.
E. P., Windsor, Conn. — I hope to pur¬
chase a farm for the purpose of putting
out an apple orchard. It will probably be
somewhere within 30 miles of the Connec¬
ticut River if in Connecticut, or in the
Berkshires if in Massachusetts. The Gov¬
ernment has made a soil survey of the
Connecticut River Valley, listing thereon
two soils that I think look like good apple
soils, triassic stony loam and Endfield
sandy loam. The first a dark Indian red
color, and the second a grayish loam over¬
laying the triassic loam. The red color
of the soils is supposed to give a higher
color to apples. Is this correct? What
elevation and exposure are desirable? I
wish to obtain the right situation.
Ans. — The soils of New England had
such a mixing up in our early history,
and the surface has been left so un¬
even that we find a great many varie¬
ties on soils of even small farms. We
may find soils that will produce es¬
pecially fine apples on one part of a
farm, peaches upon another, grapes on
others and perhaps all of the fruits upon
some portions. These areas, however,
are generally small, though in Massa¬
chusetts belts may be found of con¬
siderable extent. Thus from Worcester
through the towns of Grafton, West-
boro, Upton, Hopkinson, Holliston, \
Sherborn, Medway, etc., we find a belt j
of 25 or more miles long and from four
to six miles wide, where apple trees
grow vigorously and attain large size.
Another belt extends from Fitchburg
easterly to Concord and Lexington and
through to Newburyport, from 25 to 30
miles long, especially suited to the
growth of the apple. The best of the
land in these belts is on high elevation,
with west or northwest exposure, though
good grass land will generally produce
good apples. Soil analyses are only
valuable where there are large areas
of soil of the same character. A simple
and very satisfactory method of de¬
termining the value of soil for the apple
is to note the growth of the apple trees
upon it or that near by. If the trees
are large and vigorous and have sound
trunks, we may conclude that young
trees will thrive in it under proper
conditions. There is great interest in
apple growing at this time and some
remarkable results have been obtained
in renovating old orchards where the
trees have been pruned, sprayed and
fertilized. s. t. maynard.
RUST RESISTING IRON.
The consular reports from Washington
contain the following:
Consul Albert Ilalstcad, of Birmingham,
calls attention to the announcement by a
British journal of a new rust-proofing pro¬
cess for iron and steel. The article is
boiled in one gallon of water to which is
added four ounces of phosphoric acid, and
one ounce of iron filings. A black non¬
corroding coating is produced.
This was mentioned some years ago,
and we tried to find out about it. In¬
quiry at the Agricultural Department
brings out the following :
This office has had no experience in
the treatment of iron for the prevention
of rust according to the process you men¬
tion. This method is known as the Cos-
lett rust-preventing process, and aims to
provide a coating of phosphate of iron
over the metal to be -protected. It is
stated that articles so tr *ated present a
surface finish similar to ebonite, and that
the temper of steel articles is not affected
•by the process. If such a deposit can
actually be formed on the metal by the
process as described, it is quite possible
that rusting will be prevented, provided
the coating does not crack or scale off after
the metal is exposed to the weather. In
the near future we hope to carry out some
experiments along this line, but have not
as yet done so. vernox n. peiuce.
Apple Questions.— Has any one fruited
the Delicious, King David or Senator
apples in the East? If so, are they of
any value for an eastern orchardist? Is
the filler plan with apples a success? By
filler plan is meant setting standard trees,
as Baldwin, from 35 to 40 feet square,
and a tree like Duchess in the center of
square. _ A. J. henry.
\\ hen you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reoly and
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 12.
GOT IT
Get Something Else, Too.
“I liked my coffee strong and I drank
it strong, ’ says a Pennsylvania woman,
telling a good story, “and although I had
headaches nearly every day I just would
not believe there was any connection be¬
tween the two. I had weak and heavy
spells and palpitation of the heart, too,
and although husband told me he thought
it was coffee that made me so poorly, and
did not drink it himself for he said it did
not agree with him, yet I loved my coffee
and thought I just couldn’t do without it.
"One day a friend called at my home —
that was a year ago. I spoke about how
well she was looking and she said:
“ ’Yes, and I feel well, too. It’s be¬
cause 1 am drinking Postum in place of
ordinary coffee.’
"I said, what is Postum?
" 1 hen she told me how it was a food-
drink and how much better she felt since
using it in place of coffee or tea, so I sent
to the store and bought a package and
when it was made according to directions
it was so good I have never bought a
pound of coffee since. I began to im¬
prove immediately.
"1 cannot begin to tell you how much
better I feel since using Postum and
leaving coffee alone. My health is bet¬
ter than it has been for years and I can¬
not say enough in praise of this delicious
food drink.”
Take away the destroyer and put a re-
huilder to work and Nature will do the
rest. That’s what you do when Postum
takes coffee's place in your diet. “There’s
a Reason.”
Read the little book, “The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs.
Ever read the above letter ? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
AS LONG AS YOU’RE
GOING TO BUY A POWER
SPRAYER YOU’D BETTER GET
THE BEST-A CHAMPION
Costs No More to Buy than Ordinary Outfits
and Costs a Lot Less Afterwards
YOU COULDN T DO WORSE than to buy a poor sprayer — you’ll pay for
it twice over in time lost, solution wasted and repair bills.
OF COURSE IF YOU HAD TO PAY MORE for the best sprayer—
which is the Champion — then there might be some reason in saving money
and taking a chance.
BUT THAT iSN T THE CASE the Champion costs actually less than
inferior power sprayers of other makes. One reason is the Champion
is simpler, therefore costs less to build and so can be sold for less. Then,
too, we make them in large quantities — being the largest exclusive
manufacturers of power sprayers in the world, and we give you the benefit
of the saving we effect in that way.
THE SAME SIMPLICITY OF DESIGN that enables us to make and
sell the best sprayer for the price of an ordinary one also makes the
Champion the easiest to operate and the most economical.
SO THERE S ONLY ONE REASON why anyone would buy any othe
power sprayer — he hasn’t seen a Champion in operation nor investigated
its many superior features.
YOU OWE IT TO YOURSELF to get our catalog, study the technical
description of this splendid outfit and let us send you the names of
prominent orchardists everywhere who are using Champions. The rest
will be easy.
PLEASE REMEMBER THIS we are specialists. The Champion Manu¬
facturing Company manufactures only power sprayers. We never have
made water pumps nor farm machinery. Sprayers are not a side line with us.
WE DEVOTE ALL OUR ENERGIES to making the best power sprayer
possible — one that solves all problems in the handling of all kinds of solu¬
tions, and does it more easily, quickly and economically.
ORDERS ALWAYS AHEAD OF SUPPLY. So send for catalog at once,
then order quickly so as not to suffer delay in delivery. Champion
Automatic Power Sprayers are fully guaranteed.
DO YOU KNOW the Champion nozzle — the only variable one — does away
with towers ; sprays the highest branches or lowest from the ground ; Lorn
any point regardless of direction of wind ; does a perfect job — and saves
half the solution. Look into it.
Champion Manufacturing Co.
Pontiac, Michigan
Department D
8
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
January 7,
When you write advertisers mention Thi
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 12.
Be Sure
You Write Today
SIT down right now and write for our
Free Booklet on Gearless Hay Loaders.
It is illustrated in colors and will prove val¬
uable and interesting reading to every farmer
who raises hay, alfalfa or beans. The light
running “ GEARLESS ” rakes the field
clean and loads the hay carefully upon the
wagon without thrashing out the seed or
chewing up the hay in the least.
It has the long, easy, sweep stroke of the
hand rake, adjusts itself automatically to the
quantity of hay whether it be light or in
windrows. It operates by one man (the
driver) and can be depended upon every
hour of the haying season.
Our booklet tells all about. Drop us a
postal today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
35TH STREET CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILL.
HANDY GARDEN TOOL
IBONASE
Here’s a practical tool for the farmer or
gardener— our No. 6 Combined Double and
Single Wheel Hoe, Hill and Drill Seeder.
Four tools for the price of one. It plante
In hills or continuous rows, covers the seed,
rolls the soil, marks the next row, hoes,
weeds and cultivates. Simple, easy to oper¬
ate, and does a day's work in 60 minutes.
Farm and
Garden Tools
For 76 years we have
made dependable tools
of quality for the
farmer, trucker and
town gardeners. We
make S3 garden tools
at $2.50 to $12.00 each.
Write to-day for Anniversary Catalog
describing our entire line including
potato planters, cultivators, sprayers,
diggers, orchard and other tools.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
BOX 1022 GRENLOCH. N, J.
Would Ka More Water
With the same power Infnfnot Vnil?
from deep wells I II LCI Ii EUlli
It is accomplished with the Double-Acting
“American”
Deep Well Pump
It delivers full cylinder
capacity both on the Down-
stroke and the Up-stroke.
It requires at no time more
power than the up-stroke of
a single-acting cylinder of
the same displacement.
Send for the most com¬
plete deep well catalogue
ever Issued, No. 110 just off
the press, mailed free.
THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS,
General Offlee and Works,
Aurora, Ill. , U. S. A. -
Chicago Offlee, - - First National Bank Building.
WRITE for My 1911 Price
Proposition and Try My
Dan Patch Spreader FREE
Start right here with a postal to me and inves¬
tigate my 1911 Dan Patch Spreader— low factory
prices — exclusive features and longest free trial
proposition on time or for cash. Write the
others, too, if you wish. I’ll take all risks. First a
Postal Gets Mv TWO BIG BOOKS
and my “Barn¬
yard Cold
Catalog.
You consider and compare from
large photograph color illustra¬
tions all the actual practical
points — of my spreader (side by
side in .books or on my free
trial on your place). Send me
no money if you say so. You
decide. Write M. W. SAVAGE. Prea.
Th* M.W. Savage Factories, Inc.
Dept. 115 Minneapolis, Minn.
I WANT FAIR PLAY.
For 45 years I have fought all forms
3 of trust combinations, have kept my
;; prices down where every farmer could
j buy a first class scale at a fair price
J and have protected the dealer. Now
fthe implement dealers largely sub-
' sidized by the trusts say that if I sell
my scales to a farmer they won’t let me
_ sell to any dealer. All right. I am
ready for the fight. Hereafter my price is the same to all
Money talks and any responsible man can buy my scales
on approval to be paid for on agreed terms at dealers
price. Money talks and your request on a postal card will
bring you my offer on any kind of a scale that you may
want, big or little. Money talks and if you have the
money I nave the scales and the inclination to fight the
trust which says that no man can buy my scales without
paying a profit to the dealer. Write me and soon.
“ JONES He Pays the Freight.”
20 Fny St., Binghamton, N. Y.
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.
The salmon pack of Alaska and the Pa¬
cific Northwest for 1910 brought the can-
ners $19,000,000.
Colorado mined 12,000,000 tons of coal
during 1910, 75,000 tons being anthracite,
and the remainder high-grade bituminous.
The steamer Honoluluan, has just ar¬
rived at Seattle from Baltimore, a 14,000-
mile journey around the Horn. The trip
required 5G days ; oil was used for fuel,
14,000 barrels being shipped at Baltimore
for this purpose.
Dirty Rye.— I recently examined a lot
of rye that sold for at least five cents be¬
low its real value because it had not been
well cleaned. A little finer sieve on the
fanning mill would have taken out the rat
droppings and straws, which made the
grain practically unmerchantable.
Furs. — In making shipments of furs it
is well to order each lot held separate un¬
til the returns are received, so that if the
price made is not satisfactory the check
may be returned and the goods sent back
to the shipper. Any responsible fur house
will hold shipments separate in this way
on request, and thus misunderstandings and
disappointment will be avoided.
Dressed Poultry. — The Christmas mar¬
ket was one of the worst ever experienced
in New York. Those who had stored
poultry at Thanksgiving were trying to get
rid of their stocks on a market that was
already overburdened with fresh supplies.
The result was low prices, and all the
local warehouses filled with poultry that
could not be sold. One estimate puts the
surplus at 200 carloads. Speculators were
able to pick up fancy turkeys at 21 cents,
and will probably make a little money out
of them on this basis, as there is a fair
demand for turkey during January.
Hay. — “Can you inform me whether hay
is likely to go up or down?” G. h.
New York.
The under grades are dull and selling
low at present ; prime and No. 1 are nearer
what may be considered the top price for
those grades. From present appearances
there is more probability of advance in
medium and lower grades. Prophesying fu¬
ture prices is rather doubtful business,
however.
“What do you think of lettuce and as¬
paragus growing for shipment to New
York? The - Co. is going to sell
them for me.” e. c.
Wayne Co., N. Y.
There is always a demand for lettuce
and for asparagus in its season, provided
a fine quality can be grown and got to
New York in good condition. The market
gets overstocked with both of these things
at times, but the same is true of all green
vegetables. The house that you mention
is considered one of the best dealers in
vegetables and fruits, and will probably be
able to get all that the market warrants.
Nearby growers can get rid of consider¬
able low-grade stuff, at prices that make
a small profit, as it costs hut little to get
the produce to market, but for a distance
of several hundred miles it will scarcely
pay to ship anything but prime asparagus
or lettuce. Be sure that the lettuce seed
used is the best that can be had, and the
same is true of asparagus roots.
Eggs. — The market is weak on all hut
strictly fancy white. Storage eggs are be-
ng urgently offered, a good many having
reached the limit of profitable storage,
rhere appears to be considerable misun-
lerstanding as to what constitutes a white
;gg in the New York market. Those that
wing the premium price are pure chalky
vhite, with no pink or brownish cast. This
white idea is merely a fad, but those will¬
ing to pay for it have as much right to
lemand the special color desired as to in¬
sist that fresh eggs be fresh. Ibe egg
handler’s room is a place where murder
juts and dark secrets are brought to light.
[ was this week looking over a case of
eggs said to be three days old when
shipped, making them about a week old
vhen examined. The candler s fijffit
showed them to be a mixed lot, a few
Eresh but mostly shrunken or black
spotted.
Canada is making a thorough investiga¬
tion of express rates in the Dominion. On
ill business extending west of the Bake
Superior regions the Railway Board has
ordered the companies to file new tariffs
md a new form of contract within three
months, stating that in some instances the
present rates are exorbitant and the con¬
tracts unfair. In Canada practically all of
the express company stock is owned by
the railroads, the express business being
merely a subsidiary of the railroad organi¬
zation. This subsidiary has been mordin-
atelv profitable, and the Railroad Board is
unable to see why express business, which
is not essentially different froi*1 *asJ;
freight business, should carry, profits out
of all proportion to the freight depart¬
ment. In the case of the Dominion Ex¬
press Company, it is understood that $2 V
500 was originally put into it, $1,0UU, uuu
in stock being issued. This stock has since
been increased to $2,000,000. the inference
being that the extra capitalization is made
solely to whittle down the appearance of
the profits. This is exactly what express
companies in the United States have been
doing, but the Canadian Government seems
to be unwilling to swallow it calmly.
Paint and Waterproofing. — I saw the
advice to use linseed oil to waterproof
canvas. I have for many years used it.
but made it one-fourth lard oil. The small
amount of lard oil doesn’t seem to lessen
the adhesive nature of the linseed, and
makes it soft and pliable. I have used
it for wagon aprons and storm covers for
horses, also on curtains of our truck
wagons: it keeps the water out, keeps them
soft, and they do not cut or break as with
clear linseed. For several years a mixture
of petroleum and linseed oil has been used
in this section as paint for farm build¬
ings. One-third linseed will bind, hold,
or harden the paint, while petroleum
largely goes in the boards. For barns that
have been unpainted a long time it does
very well. My neighbor and myself both
used it three ‘or four years ago, and it
looks good yet, cost of petroleum about
13 cents per gallon. s. F. w.
Allentown, N. J.
Your Gasoline Engine Should
Have a Cement Foundation
None other will keep it running in perfect alignment.
Concrete made from clean sand and Universal Portland
Cement will outlast the life of your engine. It is ever¬
lasting. Pounding and vibration of the engine make
no impression upon it. And it is also fireproof.
Plans for Concrete Construction FREE
Write us today for simple, definite plans for building
No. 1— Sidewalks No. 2— Troughs No. 3— Porches and Steps
If you want instructions how to build concrete floors, foun¬
dations, well curbs, posts, silos, tanks, dipping vats, cisterns or
concrete blocks or anything else, write us at once, describing
fully just what you want to build.
We invite correspondence on any kind of concrete
work and will write you individually, giving our advice
and instructions for obtaining the best results. This ser¬
vice is free. The only expense to you will be the postage
used in writing us. Address the nearest office of the
Company.
UNIVERSAL PCEMENTD COMPANY
CHICAGO — PITTSBURG
Northwestern Office: Minneapolis
JACOBSON
SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING
WATER TANK.
No Freezing No Overheating
No Burge Water Tank
The Agency is available in some sections and
valuable in all.
JACOBSON MACHINE MEG. CO.
Ill Irvine Street Warren,Pa.
Send Your Name
—Now— on a postal — to get interesting and
valuable information about power engines
that are big money-makers. Don’t buy
any till you first learn all
about Old Reliable
LEFFEL
STEAM
Engines and Boilers
Made in a style and size to
suit you and sold at a price
that’s right. The most simple,
durable, economical, efficient
engines made. Address
James Leffel & Company
Box 250, Springfield, Ohio
Try The
Bull Dog Feed Grinder
1 0 Day’s Free
You can grind 6000 bu. of cob and corn to
table meal with one sot of Rollers and Con-
Damp grain can’t clog it — nails
break it. Has only 2 inch working
leverage which accounts for light running.
Get our FREE Catalogue and Samples.
CROWN POINT MFG. CO.,
204 E- Road. Crown Point, Ind.
More Profit in Stock by
Using STAR GRINDERS.
Fresh Feed — Fat Stock
—Full Purse.
_ Grinders, sweep
or belt, make more money for the
farmer than any other Implement.
They save grain, time and money.
They make the best feed. The cost
is small, the results large. Booklet
on feeding and Star Grinders free.
Write to-day for prices and terms.
THE STAR MANUFACTURING CO.
13 Depot St.? New Lexington. O.
For Best EXTENSION LADDER “ 'SW'
JOHN J. POTTEK.U Mill St.. Binghamton. N. Y.
Make Your Own Fertilizer
at Small Coat with
SON’S PHOSPHATE MILLS
Promt to 40 H.P. Also Bone
Cutters, hand and power
for the poultrymen; grit
and shell mills, farm feed
mills, family grist mills,
scrap cake mills. Send for
natalOff.
Price $10 and Up
Earn $10 a day and more, easily,
sawing firewood, lumber, lath, posts,
etc., for yourself and neighbors with a
Hertzler & Zook
Portable Wood Saw
Fully Guaranteed for One Year
The Hertzler & Zook is the cheapest and best
saw you can buy. Direct factory prices— finest
tested materials. Easier than
other saws to operate because
the stick sits low and the
saw draws it on as soon
as you start work. It is
the only saw made, scll-
IngattlO, to which a ripping
table can be added. Write for
circular and save money.
Hertzlec & Zook Co.. Box 3
Uelleville, Pa.
1911.
ARGUMENTS FOR GROUND LIMESTONE
Part II.
Burnt lime by its causticity may
injure some tender plant growths, while
seeds will sprout and grow in pure lime
carbonate. So that the carbonate can be
applied at any time of year or any con¬
dition of crop ; can even be mixed with
commercial fertilizer or manure to great
advantage. For in addition to being fa¬
vorable to both nitrogen and potash, as
stated in Bulletin 46 of Rhode Island,
lime increases the availability of phos¬
phoric acid. Bulletin 110 of Illinois rec¬
ommends the use of carbonate of lime
along with raw phosphate rock, to make
the latter available. It may not always
be convenient to await the proper time
to apply burnt lime with least detriment.
The carbonate is also less disagreeable
to handle than the burnt lime when ap¬
plying to the soil. Fresh water shell
marl is found in large deposits practi¬
cally pure lime carbonate, because of the
method of its formation, quite different
from salt water shell marl, wholly from
large shells and invariably with a small
percentage of lime carbonate.
Our State geological reports are in¬
teresting regarding marl. That of Mas¬
sachusetts (the author being then Presi¬
dent of Amherst), says: “I pledge that
our fresh water shell marls are precisely
similar to those that have accomplished
such great benefits in Europe, and they
may improve the agriculture of our en¬
tire State, if the present generation does
not realize this, future ones will.” The
New York report says: “Our fresh
water shell marls will not subordinate in
fertilizer effect to any other form of lime,
and if used judiciously will return mil¬
lions of dollars to the pockets of our
farmers.” The new Virginia Bulletin
No. 187 quotes the authentic Pennsylva¬
nia Station tests where the carbonate
gave $5.77 in crop yield more per acre
than the unlimed, and burnt lime $4.21
per acre less than the latter, a differ¬
ence of $10 per acre in favor of the
carbonate. But this test was made on a
limestone soil; had the soil been a light
one, acid and deficient in humus, the
unlimed would have made a poorer
showing, and also the carbonate would
have shown more favorably over the
burnt form. Consequently judged by re¬
sults a ton of non-magnesian, finely pow¬
dered carbonate of lime, such as found
in fresh water shell marl and some
ground limestones is worth more to the
farmer than a ton of burnt lime — not¬
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
withstanding contrary statements in
some of our State bulletins. If a soil is
deficient in humus, and this is to be in¬
creased by growing legumes, to obtain
which lime is necessary, why use the
burnt form to deplete the scanty organic
matter further, when the carbonate would
both avoid such depletion and also be
more favorable to the growth of the
legumes. Bulletin 398, U. S. Depart¬
ment of Agriculture, May, 1910, “Com¬
mercial Fertilizers in Middle Atlantic
States,” says when a soil is deficient in
humus full benefits from use of com¬
mercial fertilizer are not obtainable, and
if the farmers of eastern Virginia and
eastern North Carolina will get all their
nitrogen by growing the clover class of
crops, as some are doing, they will save
$8,000,000 a year in fertilizer bills and
besides raise one-quarter better crops.
Our consular service having been placed
at my service in investigating the lime
question, I found that the great agricul¬
tural improvements accomplished in
Europe, where entire sections have been
changed from an infertile condition to
become the finest agricultural land in the
world, has been made so by the use of
calcareous marl and chalk, the latter a
soft carbonate of lime, and not by the
use of burnt lime. And I maintain that
the renewal of fertility to our impover¬
ished land along the Atlantic Coast will
be brought about economically only by
the use of carbonate of lime, following
the experience of the older civilization of
Europe. The real worth of lime in agri¬
culture depends on soil conditions,
whether the crop is a lime favoring one
and if there has been a drought; under
some of these circumstances the benefits
from the use of carbonate of lime may
far exceed that of use of high-grade fer¬
tilizer. Sooner or later lime must be
used on all our land to maintain fertility.
FRANKLIN NOBLE.
R- N.-Y. — Let it be understood that
Mr. Noble is referring to limestone, marl
or shells crushed or ground without be¬
ing burned. This is carbonate of lime,
while the burnt lime is the carbonate
burned instead of being ground. With
a few exceptions the carbonate will take
the place of the burnt lime. On a very
sour soil the burnt lime would give quick¬
er action. In warm climates where green
crops are plowed under to provide hu¬
mus we should prefer burnt lime since
these crops would be likely to sour the
soil and a quick acting lime would be
needed to sweeten it. In buying lime it
is safe to consider one form as good as
the other pound for pound. Thus, if
ground limestone cost $4 per ton and the
analysis guaranteed 55 per cent of lime,
it would cost a little more than one-third
of a cent per pound. Burnt lime usually
averages about 75 per cent of lime, which
means 1,500 pounds to the ton. At the
same price per pound the burnt lime
should be worth a little over $5.50.
THAT GREAT POTATO CROP.
IF. P. 8., Roodhouse, III. — In reading the
article on pages 1133-34, “A Crop of Po¬
tatoes,” by C. I. Hunt, Livingston Co..
N. Y., could you tell me where he procured
his seed for the four acres, 40 bushels for
$6.40?
■I. II. W., (No Address) . — C. I. Hunt, on
page 1134, certainly can grow potatoes
cheap. It costs me $18 an acre to grow
simple sowed corn to feed the cows in
the Fall. it costs me from $35 to $40
an acre to grow potatoes, depending on
how troublesome weeds are. Mr. Hunt
made no charge for the use of land, no
charge for spraying, not even for fighting
bugs, no charge for pulling weeds, and he
certainly dug them cheaply, $5 an acre. It
costs me an average of $10 an acre. He
made no reduction for small, scabby, worm-
eaten or otherwise unmerchantable tubers,
and he figured a profit that is better than
a gold mine in Alaska or a membership in
the meat trust. If I could grow potatoes
for a trifle over eight cents per bushel, I
would grow them for cow feed and to
winter the horses on.
Ans. — Since my article on potato
raising appeared in The R. N.-Y. I have
been asked by different readers for more
information. J. B. W. says that I made
no charge for the use of the land. Why
should I ? The land is here, and if not
used will grow up in weeds. It is my
capital, or you might say- my bank. A
banker would not charge any expense
against any sum he had to loan, simply
the cost of loaning or handling the
money. At the end of the year, when
inventory is taken, is the time to figure ;
the interest on the value of the whole
farm should be taken into account. In
figuring the net income from a cow, for
instance, it would be proper to figure a
sum for the depreciation of the animal
because her life of usefulness is limited.
Not so with a farm. It will last forever,
and if properly used, will grow better
year by year. I know this does not co¬
incide with the general opinion on the
subject, but I believe it is the right con¬
clusion. “No charge for spraying, or
even fighting bugs.” There has not been
a pound of poison or spraying material
used on our potatoes for some years,
/for the good reason that we plant the
kinds that are practically bucr and blitrht
proof. Our potato tops are as green as
ever when the frost comes, and the only
objection to the kinds is that they are a
little too late for this section, but as
long as we can secure such crops of fine
quality potatoes we are satisfied to let
well enough alone. “No charge for
pulling weeds.” Bless you, man, the
time to pull weeds is when they are
small, and you can pull them by the mil¬
lion with a good weeder, which should
be started very soon after the planting
is done. The proper use of the weeder
and the wings on the cultivator at the
right time will destroy the weeds so that
there will be very few left for pulling.
Not an hour was spent in our field
either pulling or hoeing, and a man
could carry off in one arm all the weeds
that were here at digging time.
“And he certainly dug them cheaply.”
It has never cost us more than $5 an acre
to get them dug, picked up and placed on
the wagon. Some of our young boys
have made a business of digging at that
price and have made over $3 per day
at it. “He made no reduction for small,
scabby, wormeaten or otherwise un¬
merchantable potatoes.” There is no
need for so doing. There are no small
ones, never have been, no wormeaten
ones, because there are no worms, land
that is kept busy will not get wormy.
There is no scab, because if there is any
show of scab on our seed stock it soon
gets ducked in a formalin solution to
free it from all scab germs. “If I
could grow potatoes for eight cents a
bushel 1 d grow them for the cows and
horses.” It seems to me that that would
be poor economy, because land that will
grow 190 bushels of potatoes to the
acre should grow 20 tons of well eared
corn for the silo. In 190 bushels of po¬
tatoes there are 2,013 pounds of dry mat¬
ter to feed. In twenty tons of good silage
there are 10,400 pounds with double the
amount of protein of that in the pota¬
toes. W. P. S. of Illinois asks where I
found seed at 16 cents per bushel. I
simply charged up the price at which
potatoes sold for at planting time. Three
kinds were planted, Twentieth Century,
Silver King and Pan American. The
first two seem blight-proof. While there
was a sign of blight on the Pan Amer¬
ican there was not enough to pay to
spray. I have no potatoes to sell, no in¬
terest in any seed firm. My only in¬
terest is in producing the largest crop
with the least work and expense and the
maximum net profit. c. i. hTnt.
T.ivinP'Stnn C'n V V
Now About Clean Food
Another Splendid Opportunity to
Bring' Out F acts
When the “Weekly” which sued us for libel
(because we publicly denounced them for an
editorial attack on our claims) was searching
for some "weak spot,” they thought best to send
a N. Y. Atty. to Battle Creek, summoned 25 of
our workmen and took their sworn statements
before a Commissioner.
Did we object? No. On the contrary, we
helped all we could, for the opportunity was too
good to be lost.
Geo. Haines testified he inspected the wheat
and barley, also floors and every part of the
factories to know things were kept clean. That
every 30 minutes a sample of the products was
taken and inspected to keep the food up to stand¬
ard and keep out any impurities, also that it is
the duty of every man in the factories to see
that anything not right is immediately reported.
Has been with the Co. 10 years.
Edward Young testified had been with Co. 15
years. Inspector, he and his men examined every
sack and car of wheat and barley to see they
were up to standard and rejected many cars.
IT. E. Burt, Supt., testified has been with Co.
over 13 years. Bought only the best grain ob¬
tainable. That the Co. kept a corps of men who
do nothing but keep things clean, bright and
polished.
Testified that no ingredient went into Grape-
•Vits and Postum except those printed in the
advertising. No possibility of any foreign things
getting into the foods as most of the machinery
is kept closed. Asked if the factory is open to
the public, said “yes” and “it took from two to
three guides constantly to show visitors through
the works. Said none of the processes were
carried on behind closed doors.
At this point attys. for the “Weekly” tried to
show the water used was from some outside
source. Testified the water came from Co.’s own
artesian wells and was pure.
He testified the workmen were first-class, high-
grade and inspected by the Co.’s physician to be
sure they were all in proper physical condition;
also testified that state reports showed that Co.
pays better wages than the average and he
thought higher than any in the state.
F. B. Martin, Asst. Supt., testified Grape-Nuts
made of Wheat, Barley, Yeast and Water. Any¬
thing else? “No, sir.” Postum made of Wheat,
Wheat Bran and New Orleans Molasses. State¬
ments made on his experience of about 10 years
with Co.
Testified bakers are required to wear fresh
white suits changed every other day. Said had
never known of any of the products being sent
out that were below the high standard of in¬
spection. Asked if any one connected with the
Postum Co. had instructed him how to testify.
Said, “No, sir.”
Horace Brown testified has been with Co. 9
years. Worked in Grape-Nuts bake shop. Testi¬
fied the whole of the flour is composed of Wheat
and Barley. Attys. tried to confuse him, but he
insisted that any casual visitor could see that
nothing else went into the flour. Said machinery
and floors always kept clean.
So these men were examined by the “Weekly”
lawyers hoping to find at least one who would
say that some under-grade grain was put in or
some unclean condition was found somewhere.
But it was no use.
Each and every man testified to the purity and
cleanliness.
As a sample, take the testimony of Luther W.
Mayo.
Testified been with the Company about 10 years.
Now working in the bakery department mak¬
ing Grape-Nuts. Testified that the ovens and
floors are kept clean and the raw products as
they go in are kept clean. Also that the wearing
apparel of the employes has to be changed three
times a week.
Q. Do you use Postum or Grape-Nuts your¬
self at all?
A. Yes, I use them at home.
Q. If from your knowledge of the factory
which you have gained in your ten years at the
factory you believed that they were dirty or
impure in any way, would you use them?
A. I do not think I would. No.
Asked if any one on behalf of the Company
had asked him to testify in any particular manner.
Stated “No.”
All these sworn depositions were carefully ex¬
cluded from the testimony at the trial, for’ they
wouldn’t sound well for the “Weekly.”
Think of the fact that every man swore to
the purity and cleanliness so that the Atty. for
the Weekly” was forced to say in open court
that the food was pure and good.
What a disappointment for the “Weekly !”
But the testimony showed :
All of the grain used in Grape-Nuts. Postum
and Post Toasties is the highest standard pos¬
sible to obtain.
All parts of the factory are kept scrupulously
clean.
None of the workmen had been told how to
testify.
Most of them have been from 10 to 15 years
with the Co. and use the products on their tables
at home.
Why do their families use the product, Grape-
Nuts, Postum and Post Toasties, that they, them¬
selves, make?
There’s a Reason ”
Postum Cereal Co., Ltd.
Battle Creek, Mich.
io
January 7,
*THE R.URAI* NKW -YO Fi KKH
Hope Farm Notes
All Sorts. — Through parts of north¬
ern New Jersey and nearby States the
water problem is serious. Following
the long drought of last Summer there
were but few rains. The wells and
springs were very low when the ground
finally crusted with frost. In some
cases there is not enough water for
stock, and the supply provided for
humans is poor or dangerous. With our
140-foot well we have had no trouble,
but the outlook is serious for many.
The soil contains but little water, and
I am afraid some of the young trees
will suffer. Another thing that con¬
fronts us is a visitation of 17-year
locusts — due next year. Bergen Co.,
N. J., is one of the places where they
were thickest last time, and I expect a
“plague” of them. The English spar¬
row will handle them, but the spar¬
rows are not numerous with us. I ex¬
pect these sparrows and other birds
will learn of the feast spread before
them and come to our farms. These
locusts cut slits in the young wood of
trees and lay their eggs. I have been
so much impressed with statements
about these locusts that we will give
up planting young trees at the back of
the farm — near the woods. I would
rather skip a year than to face this
“plague.” We 'Shall plant on the lower
farm around the house. . . . We
plan to try a good-sized experiment
with Prizetaker onions this year. That
field which was drained last Spring is
now one of the best on the farm. If
our plans do not slip a clog we will
have that field plowed and fitted early
and put it all into onion plants. The
hotbeds are now being made, and we
hope to start the seed in early March.
Now I am hunting for dead sure Prize-
taker seed, which is often hard to find.
This crop has always paid us well, and
we now have the right soil for it.
. . . Oud old friend Jerry — the cul¬
tivating horse — has passed on. He was
an old veteran — scarred by many a farm
conflict. The old fellow was cranky and
liked to have his own way, but put him
on a cultivator and let him know what
you wanted and Jerry would do or die.
Winter was a hard time for him, for
he grew stiff and lame, and it hurt him
to get about. He is better off out of
the battle. His thick fur will be made
Vegetables are easily grown and cheap.
Our folks expected to find plenty of
pecan nuts, but they are worth 40 cents
a pound. As for groceries, the best
way is to buy in large lots from whole¬
sale houses. Dairy products are scarce
and high. They ought not to be, for
Florida could be made a good dairy sec¬
tion. On the whole I think our ex¬
perience will show that there are a
good many families at the North who
could quite easily manage a double
home. The older members of the fam¬
ily, or those who suffer from cold,
could spend several months in Florida,
and, after they learned how, pick up
some Winter work that will nearly pay
for the trip. This will require some
capital and considerable judgment, but
I think it can be done with moderate
outlay by people who have good farm
homes in the North. . . . Christmas
in Florida always struck me as a sort
of tangled proposition. You need an
entirely revised edition of Christmas
books to have children understand how
Santa Claus comes in a sleigh and a
thick fur coat. A more useless costume
than the one usually given Santa Claus
would be hard to imagine in that mild
climate. And yet, when we think of it
the original Christmas was in another
mild climate without snow or severe
cold. Anyway the children do not seem
to care, for with a roaring fire and a
well-covered Christmas tree they have
no reason to complain. I fear they will
find out the real character of “Santa
Claus” earlier in life than Northern chil¬
dren do, for the snow heaps add ro¬
mance to it. Anyway, our folks cele¬
brated Christmas in the sun and had a
great day.
Cactus Culture. — I asked Mr. Sin¬
clair, of Texas, what he thought of
cactus as a Florida crop. Like the rest
he doubts it.
You would probably have to cultivate
more carefully than we do. We have so
little rainfall that the weeds do not choke
the plants much. We do not cut out the
weeds in the rows, simply keep the mid¬
dles open. But you might find it neces¬
sary to weed out between the plants. The
best tool for that purpose is a hoe, with
the shank straightened out. With that,
you can get at the weeds easily. Of course
this manual labor increases cost of forage
considerably. You would have to decide
if it would pay in your circumstances to
grow pear for forage, or put up a silo for
other crops, such as corn or Velvet beans.
Here we cannot depend on those crops
unless we do better farming than the aver¬
age. So we prefer the pear for our feed,
not only because we know we shall get
a crop of some size even if we do not cul¬
tivate at all, but because we shall get
bigger crops with same outlay, than with
anything else. Supplying those hotels
with milk and cream every Winter and go¬
ing North for the Summer, looks like a
very attractive proposition.
On the whole cactus does not look
promising for central Florida, though
it is all right in parts of Texas. I now
have a list of forage crops suitable for
Putnam Co., and it is astonishing what
can be grown there. If they had such
a range of crops in Vermont those
Green Mountain dairymen would have a
into a lap robe or rug. The tanners do
beautiful work with such hides, and it
is surprising how many are being
treated.
The South. — Our Florida folks re¬
port fine weather. Most of the days are
delightful, but the nights are cool. Now
and then comes a day when the weather
is pronounced cold. Fires seem to be
needed nearly every night. The Florida
houses are provided with fireplaces and
usually with little wood stoves to take
off the chill. But Winter life in Florida
to those who have the full price can
be made a pleasant dream. It is hard to
describe the beauty of the lakes while
the bright sun is shining or to tell
how the sun drops suddenly into the
west when night comes. It’s a great
place for a restful “loaf,” but let me
keep adding the fact that you must have
the price in order to enjoy it. Our great
brood of little folks is coming on in the
sand and sun. The boarding season has
begun. At Christmas I received a regis¬
tered package containing 50 cents — the
price of the first meal actually sold by
our folks. I think that ought to be
made into some sort of a pin. The
“rush” will now begin in earnest. The
boys are to wait on the table, the girls
will help cook and clean house — in fact
all hands will be busy. Living is not
expensive in Florida if one will use
business judgment in buying. With the
exception of ham and bacon, meats are
cheap — rarely over 15 cents a pound in
local markets. Fish is plentiful and
quite easily caught. The woods are well
stocked with game. The hunters go out
for half a day and bring in a good sup¬
ply of quail. Poultry can be bought. at
reasonable prices, and the natives bring
wild turkeys in from time to time.
bonanza.
h. w. c.
Wash in Running Water
■ or cold, soft or hard, at any time, with -
- Eroin e out of doors or working the handle
the pump. Use all the water you want—
1 have it under constant pressure.
Svery convenience that the city man
joys from water under pressure can be
urs when you own a
very minute you spend pumping water the
fashioned way — carrying it m buckets
after day — year after year means money
to you. Live better-and that means your
ire family— and let the Leader Water Sys-
i do the work,
jn and mail the coupon
w, and learn how easy
i to have such a plant.
ider Iron Works
Decatur, Illinois
ern Division, Owogo, N. V.
York Office, 15 William St.
ago Office, Monadnock Block.
Leader Iron Works,
Without cost
Question of Water,
Leader Water Systems.
Jasper St, Decatur.
or obligation, mail me your book "The *
later, with full particulars about ■
Name..... . . .
R. F. D. or Box . * .
Town . State. .
The “Sterling” Grate Saves Fuel
SEE how
the fin¬
gers on
each grate-
bar alternate
with the pro¬
jections o n
the opposite
grate-bar.
This supports
the fire per¬
fectly, yet ad-
m i t s the
greatest pos¬
sible amount
of air to the
flames. So
you burn less
fuel and
more air.
This patented grate in the
enables you to utilize every heat-unit to the utmost. This
big and sturdy grate is very easily removed without tools.
The Sterling Grate and Firebox give a quick, hot, even
fire. The Sterling Flue System delivers the heat uni- \
formly to every side and corner of the oven. There are
20 superior advantages of the Sterling — if your
dealer hasn’t this range, send for
our booklets.
Cut
W Out
V This
Coupon
6>Mail
To-Day
SILL
STOVE WORKS,
215 Kent Street,
Rochester, New York.
Si li. Stove Works, 215 Kent St.. Rochester, X.Y.
Please send your book on Sterling Ranges to
My Name . .
Address . State .
My Dealer's Name . .
CLARK’S MARKET GARDEN OR GROVE HARROW
This harrow is used extensively by gardeners
and truckers in the South and other vegetable
growing sections. In Florida it is a great favorite
for orchard cultivation.
Made light for shallow cultivation ; cuts two to
four inches deep if desired. No seat supplied un¬
less ordered. . . ,,
Made in three sizes :
No. 0 1 .home, with 2 gang* of five 14 In. disks en< h
“ 00 I.t- 2-horse, 2 gongs of six 14 “ “
“ OOOHvy. 2-horse, 2 gangs, seven 14 ** “ “
No gardening equipment is complete wirhont
one or more of these harrows. Used on their Ex¬
perimental Grounds at Garden City, L. I., N. Y.,
by the publishers of the Garden Magazine.
Send to-day for onr new Catalogue “Intensive
Cultivation.” Free.
CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 839 Main St.. Higgamim, Conn.
kelly DUPLEX GRMILLSG
Only mill mad© with a double set of
grinders or burrs. Have a grinding
surface of just double that of any
other mill of equal size, therefore,
Do Twice as Much
Work.
Grind ear corn, shelled
corn, oats, rye, wheat,
barley, kaffir corn, cot¬
ton seed, corn in
shucks, sheaf oats, or
any kind of grain, coarse, me¬
dium or fine. Require 25$ less
power than any other mill.
Especially adapted for gasoline
engines. Write for new catalog.
Duplex Mill & Mfg.Co., Box 329 Springfield, Ohio
SCIENTIFIC SWEEP NULL
Double Action. Triple Geared
This No. 5 is one of our
leading Feed Mills. Particu¬
larly adapted for grinding
ear oorn and small grain for stock
feed. A medium priced mill that
Gives Satisfaction
Strong, durable and
easy running. Mounted
on a heavy hard-wood
box. Fully guaranteed.
Write for free catalog.
Over 20 styles and sizes.
THE FOOS MFG. CO., Box 823 Springfield, Ohio
for the land’s sake
use Bowker’s fertilizers. They enrich
the earth and those who till it. It pays
the farmer to buy and it pays the agent
to sell Bowker’s; the former because
they give big field results, and the latter
because their national reputation and
popular favor make them easy to sell.
Forty years of experience, prompt service,
the best materials, the best facilities are behind
every bag- of Bowker’s. A brand to fit every
crop and every pocket book.
We want agents wherever we are not now
represented. Write today for prices and terms ;
this may mean a good business for you if you act
at once.
Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue and
calendar. ^Ve want you to know Bowker s before \ ou
buy your spring fertilizer.
D ^ C D FERTILIZER COMPANY,
\j VY lSk. J AX 77 Lyman St., Buffalo, N. Y.
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers.
1911.
11
Ruralisms
LEAVES ON THE LAWN.
F. TF. A., Louisville, Ky. — The grounds
of my home to the extent of 28 acres are
beautifully laid out in lawn and shrubbery,
with border plantations containing between
400 and 500 fine old forest trees of about
every variety which will do well in this
part of the country. Of course from such
a number of large trees there is an im¬
mense leaf fall commencing (according to
variety) in the Fall and lasting right up
to Spring. For some years past I have
been accustomed to have these leaves raked
up three or four times during the Winter
because the appearance of the grounds is
improved by having the leaves raked up.
The leaves are so much more easily raked
up soon after they fall than they are in
the Spring after lying on the ground all
Winter under the snow and rain. My men
have plenty of time during the Winter for
that kind of work, whereas if - left until
Spring it would be a very big job at a time
when the men are busiest. I am of course
aware that in raking up the leaves at all
we are interfering with nature’s mbtbod
of returning to the soil what the roots of
the trees take out of it. Considering that
the leaves will be raked up every season,
does it matter whether the work is done
In the Fall or Spring? In other words,
would it bo of any particular benefit to
the soil to allow the leaves to remain on
the ground just during the Winter? Can
you inform me what fertilizer is the best
to use every year to take the place of the
leaves which are raked up?
Ans. — New-fallen forest leaves de¬
cay so slowly during cold weather that
little can be gained, except in the way
of protection of tender plants, by al¬
lowing them to lie until Spring. The
gain in fertility by leaching is small in¬
deed compared to the convenience in
getting litter off the lawn when labor
is not otherwise busily employed. The
removal of the leaves drains the fer¬
tility of the soil mainly in the actual
potash and phosphorus taken away, as
the nitrogen content is not high. An¬
nual dressings of fair grade potato or
other complete chemical fertilizers at
the rate of 200 pounds to the acre
should more than restore the lost ele¬
ments. Leaves are often more useful
for the ameliorating effect on the soil
of the humus produced by their slow '
decay than for their actual fertilizing
constituents, but humus may be main¬
tained in wooded lawns as well as in
meadows by the decay of grass, herbace¬
ous plant roots and even tree rootlets,
the growth of which can be stimulated
by appropriate chemicals regularly ap¬
plied. ' w. v. F.
THE RURAb NEW-VORKER
Peach Growing in the Berkshire Hills.
II. II., Massachusetts. — For several
years I have tried to raise peaches in the
Berkshire Ilills of western Massachusetts,
but tlie trees do not thrive or die. What
are the chief reasons for failure in that
country ?
Ans. — I have in mind two or three rea¬
sons for his failure. One is that it
sounds like borers; another is that in
that locality with an elevation of 1600
feet the thermometer may register as
low as 30 or 40 below bero, which would
kill most varieties. Another is that in
Otis and several of the other towns on
the same elevatibn, the soil is very
heavy and wet, and seems to be in the
track of severe northwesters, which
bring a low temperature after the buds
have started in the Spring. This does
not reach the locality where I am. I
never have known peaches to succeed
in that locality, but in the Housatonic
and Green River valleys peaches do well,
that is, the reasonably hardy kinds. 1
have raised a few Stump-the- World,
Crawford Early and Late, and Elbertas,
and they have always done well;. have
had Crawford trees 20 years old that
have borne nearly every year for that
time, which is a very good record. I
had an Elberta tree this year five years
old that gave me two bushels of the
nnest of fruit, and took premium at the
fair. I have not raised peaches very
c xlensively, as they are not as sure a
crop as apples, but call for more care.
I would not advise anyone to make
peach growing their only business in
Berkshire County. r. henry race.
Greenhouse Adjoining Dwelling.
S. A7. D., West Hartford, Conn. — I desire
to build a small greenhouse about 10x15
feet adjoining my house, and have the same
connected with the hot water heating ap¬
paratus of the house. As so situated it
will be on the south side of the house. Do
you recommend that I construct it of double
thick glass instead of glass of single thick¬
ness, and do you further recommend that I
build it with two layers of glass after the
style of the ‘‘double glass sash"? If the
latter, should the air space be closed or
open so that there can be a circulation of
air through it, and if not open at both ends,
should it be open at one end so that the
air will not become dead in the air space?
How much of an air space should be al¬
lowed? Do you recommend double wood
walls with four-inch air space between, and
should this be open at the top or closed?
What kind of wood should be used? What
is the most economical size of glass to use?
On a house 10 feet wide how much higher
than the eaves should the ridge be?
Ans. — There would be no necessity
for using two layers of glass in glaz¬
ing such a greenhouse, especially when
the house may be properly heated from
the hot water apparatus. Double glaz¬
ing also has the disadvantage of collect¬
ing dirt between the two layers of glass,
and thus obstructing the light to a
greater or less extent. The most eco¬
nomical size of glass to use for the
purpose is 10x15 inches, using it the
15-inch way between the glass strips.
Double wooden walls closed at the top
form the best protection from the
weather, and the best wood to use for
all parts of a greenhouse is cypress. On
a house 10 feet wide the height to the
bottom of the ridge should be seven
feet, or allowing for walls three feet
high, the ridge would be four feet above
the eaves. Double thick glass is best.
w. H. taplin.
Twenty Ounce Apple in Kansas. — I saw
your report of the Ilitchings Twenty Ounce
apple ; that is a good apple in western
New York, but here it is not hardy in tree,
and his sport may not be. One thing:
here top-grafting a tree is never a success
because after starting to grow they blight
first at the graft, then the dead tissue
continues down the tree till all is dead I
tried it repeatedly, and others with the
same result. On young trees one or two
years in orchard it does well, but never
much older. a. h. griesa.
Kansas.
SAVE
50 %
Of Your
Calk Bills
you buy Ring-Point Calks-the Improved
Tool Steel Centers”— you are getting a calk that
will wear twice as long as any other calk made.
That means you can save Just half your calk
money this winter. Avoid the old-fashioned wiro-
gin center calks, whose centers drop out. Use
ing-Points— their wedge-shape center of genuine
tool steel is welded in and cannot fall out : making
them genuine self-sharpening calks.
Stop at once the useless expenditure of money
for the old method of sharpening your horses’
shoes. You know how costly it is— how long it
takes. You can do away with this expense and
delay with -
ROWE
RING-POINT
Read what one user of Rine-Points says:
Wore Well Every Way.
m ,, Nkw Albany, Pa., April 11.
Ihk Rowr Calk Selling Co., Hartford, Conn.
Hoar Sirs — 1 he calks received from you proved very
satisfactory. They wore well, the centers remaining
snarp when the calks were worn nearly to the shoe, and
the centers did not break on frozen ground and stones
as they do in some calks. 1 consider them a superior
article. Yours very truly, Uarkz H.Lyox.
tio to your horseshoer for Ring-Points. Try one
box at our risk. If they prove unsatisfactory you
can have your money back by returning them
with the label on the box and this ad. If your
local man don’t handle them, y
send us the name and address
of your horseshoer, with the
size and quantity you want and
we will have you supplied at the
regular price.
Send for our great free book¬
let 300 Short Stories for Horse-
shoers. ” It will put you “calk
wise.” Split samples of Ring-
Points and wire centers will be
sent to the first ten requests
from each town.
Horseshoers Protected
Rowe Calk Selling Co.
4703 Mechanic Street
Hartiord, Conn. Tin*
S1f35 narenoil|S1u“~?2 I*' Hand,e, $1-85 -Without Handle
THE inFflf pBilMiwp c*X°pn,rCn 1;,r‘ Agents wanted.
iHt IDEAL PRUNING SAW CO., Dept.-; M, Webster. N. Y.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
a square deal.” See guarantee page 12.
San Jose
Scale
THE growth of your orchard
trees, the size of your fruit, its
color, cleanliness and your
profit, all are affected by this sap¬
sucking insect. If you permit this
insect to multiply there is but one
end — unsaleable fruit, if any, and the
destruction of your orchards.
SHERWIN-WILLIAMS
LIME- SULFUR SOLUTION
is a simple and economical remedy
for this small, tough-skinned insect.
It contains no sediment, does not
crystallize as does the home-boiled
solution when cold, retains its strength
indefinitely, can be used as a Summer
spray by proper dilution, gives the
fruit and foliage added color and a
smooth appearance and kills San Jo6e
Scale without injury to the tree.
Write for prices.
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
■ The Best Spray Pump
Sprays the tallest fruit trees from the ground
Special nozzle for grape vines, shrubs, etc
Sprays quickest and best. Does the work in
half the time and does it thoroughly. Always
ready. Used with bucket, barrel or tank.
I,ast.s a lifetime. No leathers to dry up, wear
out, or make trouble.
Standard Spray Pump
Warranted for 5 Years. Price $4.00. *
It will not cost you a cent to try it. Our
special offer gives complete details. Write
tor it today arid we will also send our illus-
tiated circular showing how this pump pays
for itself many times over the first season.
The Standard Stamping Co.
94 Main Street Marysville, O.
635 CANAL ROAR
048
CLEVELAND, O.
This book, “Spraying — |
a Profitable Invest¬
ment,” sent free.
“ONE FOR ALL,” No, 1
Wool Grease, Arsenate of Lead, Lime and
Sulphur. Both a Contact and Poison
Spray. An Insecticide and Fungicide.
Positively the Only Thing Needed for all Pests or Fungus
A tonic for vegetation. Sick trees made well •
old trees rejuvenated to youthful vigor: better
foliage; larger and more abundant fruit. Neither
sucking or chewing insects nor fungus will attack
wood that has ‘One For All” upon it. After one
tall spraying no dormant spraying will be needed.
Spraying confined to the growing season. Scale
exterminated. Positive evidence from practical
growers furnished upon application.
Prices, F. O. B. New York
Barrels, 425 lbs . 05c. per lb
A Bbls., 200 lbs . 05J4
100 lbs . 06 ”
50 }bs . 06'A “
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
Established 1852
Front Street New Yorfr
The Hurst Potato and Orchard Sprayer
doubles your crop. IT SPRAYS ANYTHING —
trees, potatoes, vineyards, truck, etc. High press-
.Easy to operate. Cheap in price, light, strong,
aod durable. BRASS valves, plunger, strainer etc
HURST HORSE.POWER SPRAYER for orchards,'
vineyards, potatoes, etc. "No tree
too high, no field too big for this
king of sprayers.” All HURST
sprayers sold on same liberal No¬
money-in-advance plan. Writ,
to-day for our FREE Spraying
Guide, Catalogue and
SPECIAL FREE OF-
FER to FIRST BUYER
in each locality.
H.L. Hurst Mfg. Co. _ .
282 North St., Canton, O.
CDD AV COMPLYING WITH THE INSECTICIDE ACT OF 1919
r KMT IT WILL PAY YOU TO USE EITHER)
*• 1 PASTE OR POWDERED »4,
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS AND AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
" RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
~ FUNGICIDE AND INSECTICIDE
_ ii^TTBAArTTi
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
14 BAYVIEW AVE..JERSEY CITY. N J
WRITE FOR PRICES. CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
“KANT-KLOG”
SPRAYERS
Spraying
Guide Free
Patented
Oct. (i, 1908
Something New l
Gets twice the results —
with same labor and fluid, *
Flat or round, flue or coarse sprays
from name nozzle. Ten styles. For -
trees, potatoes, garden.), whitewashing,
etc. Agents Wanted, Booklet Free.
RocttiUr Spray Pimp Co.
FRUIT GROWERS FAVORITE SAW
IS THE MOST PRACTICAL TREE PRUNER EVER INVENTED
Because it saves time and labor and is so easy to
lade
handle. It is made with a lS-inch^raw^ut^ft
and has a 7 or 8 loot handle.
Write today for Descriptive Circular and Prices. '
FRUIT GROWERS SAW COMPANY, Scottsville, New York.
'with
the
Empire King.
CHDAY
lfl BEA AnA A He who attempts to grow fruits without a Sprayer it handi-
A^ A ^ capped. Blight and bugs, rot and rust, mold and mildew, all
A ** conspire to damage the crop , and in all cases succeed i f the farmer does
not spray. This is the only hand pump having automatic agitator and brush for clean-
jpg strainer. Valuable book of instruction free. FIELD FORCE PUMP C0..<2 * llTH Si.. ELMIRA. M. Y
“ORCHARD DIVIDENDS • Apples from trees sprayed with
*6
SCALECIDE
J9
some as many as nine consecutive times, took all the first prizes at the Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society Meeting; all the first prizes this year and last at the New Jersey
at the New
- - - - uv «/ » a t y uiA iiaav mou A 1GVO UU1C3 j GC*1 LVliU X CIO 1/ <X U tfXJLV
Horticultural Society Meeting ; a long list of sweepstakes and first prizes
England I ruit Show in Boston ; also first prize at the Ohio State Fair.
Write for full information and Booklets, “ Orchard Dividends." and
“Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading, and Hacking Apples." Both free.
B. G. PRATT CO., Manufacturing Chemists, 50 Church St., New York.
| RHODES DOUBLE CUT
THE only
* pruner
made that cuts
from both sides of
the limb and does not
bruise the bark. Made in
all styles and sizes. We
pay Express charges
on all orders.
Write for
circular and
prices.
12
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
Published weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, Sew York,
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Koyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or 8*2 marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for tim<
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash must accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindle**
advertising in our columns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect suberibers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts, of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned Thu Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order1 to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
Right nozv is the time to get after your Congress¬
man , about parcels post. The enemies of this measure
see that the people are aroused and they are organ¬
izing as never before. The people must meet them
out in the open. Do not bother with petitions or
form letters, but get right after them in your own
language — in black and white.
*
On page 1078 we paid our respects to the New
England Mineral Fertilizer & Chemical Co. This con¬
cern has a high per cent of “guff” in its literature,
while analysis shows mighty little plant food in its
fertilizers as compared with the price. This company
must not be confused with the New England Fer¬
tilizer Co. The goods mixed by this last-named house
stood high in the report of the New York Experiment
Station, and we believe it is doing an honorable busi¬
ness. A geographical name cannot be registered or
copyrighted, so these “mineral” people cannot be pre¬
vented from using what belongs to the other concern.
*
If all limestone were alike the question of what
form of lime to buy would be easy. We could figure
that 100 pounds of limestone contains 56 pounds of
lime, and the same weight of slaked lime 75 pounds,
and figure from the quoted prices which gave the
cheaper pound of lime. But limestones vary greatly
in composition. In Connecticut there are deposits
which vary from 23 to 55 per cent of lime, and it is
doubtful if, when crushed, the average buyer could
tell which was better. The trouble in buying ground
limestone is that unless you can have a positive guar¬
antee of the per cent of lime you are quite likely to
get something hut little better than road dust. There
is less risk in buying burned lime, for you are more
likely to get a guarantee, and the lime dealers would
be less likely to burn a low-grade stone. We believe
it is possible to practice great frauds in the sale of
limestone unless a strict guarantee is given and sam¬
ples are analyzed.
*
There is abundant evidence that the express com¬
panies see the writing on the wall at last. Stock¬
brokers all over the country find that small blocks of
express company shares are being offered quietly.
Formerly there were few of such sales except where
interested parties sold to each other in order to record
a high price. The present effort to sell stock is
different. It seems like a genuine case of trying to
unload while the price is good. During the prohibi¬
tion campaigns in Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee and other
States there came a time when brewers and distillers
saw that the fight was against them, and they began
to offer their stocks in just this way. Stock brokers
who watched the market knew that these brewery
stocks were being unloaded because the brewers knew
their day was done. These brokers size up the offer¬
ings of express stock in the same way. The express
companies now see that the public is aroused as
never before, and that parcels post will surely come
in time. That will mean death to their hold-up
monopoly and extortionate profits. If they can work
their stock off on farmers tfiey will do it. It is
hard to think of anything more pigheaded than the
action of these express companies. They might have
killed off much of the demand for parcels post had
they been willing to offer fair rates for their ser¬
vice.. Instead of that they have done all they could
by boldly holding up the public to feed the flame for
better mail privileges. Give a hand of squirrels a
THE RURAt NEW-YORKER
bushel of corn and they will carry a share of it away
to hide for their Winter store. Give it to hogs and
they will eat all they can at once and trample the rest
into the mud. The express companies lack the in¬
stinct of the squirrel, and must now stand up and
face the frost.
A GREAT POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY.
The Democratic party in New York is on trial.
For the first time in 18 years it has elected a Gover¬
nor. Both branches of the Legislature are also
Democratic, thus gaining the privilege of electing a
United States Senator to succeed Mr. Depew. This
has not come about so much through the over¬
powerful sentiment of confidence in the Democratic
party and its candidates as in protest against the
corruption of the Republican party of the State, de¬
veloped through near a score of years of continuous
power. If the party in power devotes itself to the
interest of the people without regard to partisan poli¬
tics, the party of Tilden may again establish itself
in the confidence of the voters and receive a renewal
of its present commission from the people. It can¬
not do this in any other way.
The danger to the Democrats is in the political
hacks and selfish politicians that always surround a
new leader in a mad scramble for position. These
office seekers have no concern for the success of the
administration and still less regard for the interests
of the people. An opportunity to live on the expense
of the public is their conception of the functions of
public service. Another danger to the new adminis¬
tration is the persistent demands and seductive plead¬
ings of the railroads and other corporate interests
for a place for their representatives in governmental
places. The new administration in New York is beset
with both these elements. Therein lies its greatest
danger. When the people of Long Island sought re¬
dress from the exactions of the Pennsylvania Rail¬
road, which controls the transportation privileges of
the Island, it was Edward M. Shepard who opposed
the interests of the people at Albany. Now, be¬
cause of his great ability as a lawyer, he is urged
as *a candidate for the United States Senate. And,
lamentable to relate, the other candidates pressing
for the position give him the advantage of a had
preference. Many of the satellites pressing for ap¬
pointive positions by the Governor are of the same
general type, until it has got to a point where strong,
clean men, jealous of their reputations, hesitate to
allow the use of their names for the positions. This
state of affairs in the situation is not new. It is not
peculiar to one party or another. Every new ad¬
ministration has these conditions to meet. The suc¬
cess of the Democratic party in the State will de¬
pend on the skill of Governor Dix and his ad¬
visers in the party to put these claimants aside and to
select for the State and national service men solely
because of their fitness for the service, and especially
qualified because of their freedom from association
and contamination with financial systems and cor¬
porate interests. Upstate we hear a great deal about
the corruption of Tammany Hall. The R. N.-Y. has
no apologies to make for that institution. But truth
compels us to say that it never made a record for
barefaced corruption that could compare with the
upstate political machine of the Republican bosses,
kept in power by the votes of farmers during recent
years. It was never in a position to put through
corrupt deals without combining with these Republi¬
can politicians. Tammany Hall has an opportunity
now to put that machine to shame. Its influence is
strong with the new administration. Let that in¬
fluence be used to set aside the claims of the Shep¬
ards, the Sheehans, the Crams, and the Gradys, and
to call into service men with a clean record and high
sense of public duty. Let them cut out the corpora¬
tion lawyers and hack politicians for once and send
a strong, clean, broad-minded business man or farmer
from upstate to represent New York in the National
Senate. The people of the State would be quick to
approve a policy of this kind, and if followed in
other matters an accidental lease of power would
become a permanent commission from the people to
the Democracy of the State and nation. The people
of New York have come to the point where they de¬
mand cleaner public service, and do not much care
which party gives it to them.
*
Our western friends are slow to enter that pro¬
posed corn-growing contest. Our proposition was for
a number of growers in the West and an equal num¬
ber in the East to select an acre or a few acres of
land and grow a corn crop in any way they please. |
They are to use any amount of manure or fertilizer,
and any culture they like, provided they keep an ac¬
curate account. The yields are to be supervised and
determined by an exact scientific method, and the
January 7,
value figured at local prices for grain and fodder.
We wanted a square business contest between rich
western corn land and such soil as is found in New
England. We supposed the western men would be
first to enter such a contest, but thus far only one
lias offered. We can safely promise 100 New Eng¬
land corn growers if needed. Thus far the western
men say that small fields of one acre or a few acres
are mere playthings and not in their line. We think
they can be accommodated with 10 or 20 acre fields
if they will come into the contest. There are some
large cornfields in New England ready to be matched
against similar fields in the West. Where are the
western corn growers?
*
You will remember the discussion with Senator
Burrows, of Michigan, over parcels post last year.
Michigan people began to stick a few stamps on the
Senator. At first he paid no attention, but the stamps
kept coming. Then he talked “careful consideration,”
but that only brought more stamps. Then Mr. Bur¬
rows saw that he must do something, and he actually
introduced a bill to try parcels post on two rural
routes! In the primary election held in Michigan
last Summer Mr. Burrows was defeated as a candi¬
date for the Senate. Congressman Townsend was
selected, and in response to a question of where he
stands on parcels post, Mr. Townsend says:
I have your favor of the 13th and you may bo sure
that I shall favor a rural parcels post to the limit of my
ability. I am on record in behalf of it in my announce¬
ment for United States Senator, and I have appeared
before the committees hero in its favor, and I shall be for
it on every proper occasion.
Sincerely yours,
CII AS. E. TOWN SEN D.
Score at least one for primary nominations. Had
there been no primary in Michigan the chances are
that Mr. Burrows would have been returned in spite
of the fact that a large ^majority of the people did not
want him. If we had held a primary in New Yo.rk
last year the question of Senator would have been
settled. As it is a handful of politicians are now
deciding this question as if they owned the State.
*
“We do not consider this any of your - Imsi-
ness!
We do not know how familiar you are with appro¬
priate adjectives, but you may use the strongest one
you know and will then have what we receive a
dozen times a week. This opinion generally comes
from gentlemen who have refused to settle with some
of our readers. Sometimes it is for one thing and
sometimes another, but the man who owes the money
generally thinks he has hold of an easy mark who
cannot protect himself or do much more than com¬
plain. When these complaints are sent us they are
investigated carefully. In some cases there is merely
a difference of opinion and no attempt to do any in¬
justice. These cases are easily settled. In others it
is evident that one party, is trying to avoid paying a
just debt or obligation. In such cases we make it our
business to help our readers, and the first step is to
approach the debtor in a fair and courteous way, sug¬
gesting a settlement. That is where we often get the
opinion quoted above. Then it becomes our duty to
explain where we get our authority for coming into
the game, and as a rule we think these gentlemen
understand before they get through. We had a case
not long ago of a seed dealer who, it was evident,
had compelled a farmer to pay for nearly 100 pounds
of seed which was never delivered. The corre¬
spondence went to the point where this dealer "de¬
clined to receive any more letters from us.” We told
him that would satisfy us, and save time and post¬
age, but that the whole story would he told in The
R. N.-Y. Within 48 hours he came hack still denying
our right to discuss the case, but saying that if we
would postpone the printing awhile he would “take up
the matter again” with the farmer! That is the un¬
printed history of hundreds of cases. We do not
know of any better work that a farm paper can do
for its readers. We do not worry about the “author¬
ity” — when it seems necessary to do so we walk right
into such little games and take a hand.
BREVITIES.
If it is not in ‘‘The Business Hen” — ask for it.
The "novelties” do not seem quite so novel this year.
There is said to be a revival of the windmill for pump¬
ing power in England.
The husband of the "Business Hen” is worth consid¬
ering. His crow indicates his courage.
We would rather help any man along than club him,
and we want to give them what they deserve.
The woman who on page 16, started in to tell the
truth about her hen business has our sympathy and ad¬
miration. If she will give us the cold facts and figures
just as they are and submit them for analysis, it will
make one of the most useful poultry "systems” over
systematized.
1911.
OTHER PEOPLE S MONEY.
The frantic appeals that E. G. Lewis,
of St. Louis, Mo., is now making to
secure money from confiding and gulli¬
ble country people is beyond question
the most impudent defiance of the law
that the United States mails must not
be used for fraudulent purposes that
has ever been perpetrated by any resi¬
dent of this country. We bar none.
I he whole scheme is peculiar to Lewis.
The promises of future profits, benefits
and wealth are in themselves repudia¬
tions of similar promises previously
made the same people for money already
sent him. His whole debenture scheme
is an attempt to cover up past promises
and present obligations to the people
that he is now trying to . induce once
more to send him more money. When
he faked the women of the country into
becoming subscription agents for his
papers by organizing the American
W Oman s League, he provided that
membership could be secured only by
sending subscriptions to his papers, or
by purchasing subscription certificates
for them. Membership, he said, could
be secured in no other way. He based
the whole success of the League scheme
on the profits that would accrue to
his monthly publications, which he said
was the largest and most profitable pub¬
lishing business in the world, and which
the women were to own through the
League. _ Hence his pledge that mem¬
bership in the League could be secured
in no other way than in the building
up of the papers through membership
purchased by subscriptions to them. If
there was any benefit in the scheme ex¬
cept the privilege of sending Lewis
money, it was in this feature of it. If
there were any sincerity in the scheme,
we would expect it to show itself in an
honest and persistent effort to make
good along this line. But without
warning to the women he now stops the
publication of these papers, which he
told them were the largest and most
profitable in the world, and admits that
they were published at a loss. His only
apology is the brazen admission that
he did not know that they were losing
money when he called them the largest
and most profitable in the world.
We will not enumerate the annuity
for life or other benefits promised the
women. He has now practically aban¬
doned them all, and memberships are
for sale to anyone at $100 per. In ad¬
dition you can get a 10-year debenture
or note for the full amount. But Lewis
has yet failed to show that the note has
a penny of value behind it; and the gen¬
eral opinion is that the money is going
into an insolvent account. From what
Lewis has himself said we would not
expect his Builders’ Fund account to pay
50 cents on the dollar if liquidated to¬
day, and it is into this that he asks
women to put $3,000,000. He actually
I HR RURAL,
had the audacity to request that this
large sum be sent him before New
Year's. Of course he knew it would not
come; but predicating all on that re¬
sult he went on to tell of the glorious
results just as if it were an assured
fact.
Note the characteristic Lewis induce¬
ments. First those only who sent the
money by December 3 could get the
notes this year. Then December 17
would do. After that date, all who sent
the money by January 1, 1911, would
get them. This shuffling of limits and
inducements is an old trick of Lewis’s.
Go over his literature for 10 years and
you find_ many repetitions. But what is
the use? We are not going into de¬
tail about his new promises for the de¬
bentures. There is neither business nor
sincerity in it. To secure money under
false pretenses is a swindle. To permit
the continuous exploitation of the people
through the mails would be a national
scandal. We cannot believe that the
Post Office Department would know¬
ingly stand for it. We invite the honest
women of the country to help other
poor women save their earnings, and
help save the credit of the country by
a vigorous protest to the Post Office
Department against a reckless scheme
of frenzied finance. If you get any
letters or circulars from Lewis so¬
liciting money on these debentures, send
them on to us just as you get them.
We can make better use of them than
you can.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — Fire Marshal James Horan
and 30 of his comrades of the Chicago
Fire Department gave up their lives De¬
cember 22 in a disaster that the veteran
fire fighter had feared for years. Twelve
hours after the fire chief had, warned the
Council Committee on Buildings that bet¬
ter fire fighting appliances were needed in
the stock yards at once he had been
trapped and two entire companies of fire¬
men had been wiped out in just such a
fire as he had predicted. The flames de¬
stroyed the new beef house of the Morris
& Co. plant at the yards, spread to sev¬
eral smaller structures and for hours
threatened to sweep the yards. In addi¬
tion to the loss of life the flames destroyed
property worth $1,000,000. It was due only
to the stubborn fight waged by the fire¬
men from every section of Chicago rather
than the fire appliances and water pres¬
sure at their command that they kept the
flames from the Armour and Swift plants
close about the site of the ruined beef
house. The fire broke out again the fol¬
lowing day, and was finally subdued with
difficulty.
Thirteen firemen and one policeman met
death when the walls of the Friedlander
leather factory in North Bodine street,
Philadelphia, Pa., collapsed December 21,
after the building had been destroyed by
fire. According to an official statement
given out by the Department of Public
Safety, in addition to those killed thirty-
one firemen, _ seven policemen and one ci¬
vilian were injured, some of them danger¬
ously. One fireman, William Glazier of
Engine Company G, was taken alive from
the ruins after he had been imprisoned for
14 hours. There is hope that he will live.
The factory building was 58 years old.
Edwin Clark, chief of the Bureau of
Building Inspection, said the walls col¬
lapsed because of their age and the man¬
ner of their construction. The mortar, he
NEW-YORKER
said, was so old that a little beat eon-
verted it practically into powder, so that
It had no adhesive power. The girders and
beams, instead of being iron and steel as
in modern buildings, were of wood. These
burned out quickly and took away the only
support of the walls.
December 21 fire in the Oriess-Pfleger
plant at Cincinnati, O., killed three men,
injured six others, and caused a property
loss of $2,500,000.
tor pretending to teach city boys how
to become cowboys Carl Smith of San An¬
tonio, Tex., has been made the subject of
a fraud order by the Postmaster-General.
He is under arrest in Texas. It is ex¬
plained that when arraigned before the
United States Commissioner and asked if
he had been employing cowboys Smith ad¬
mitted that he had and pleaded guilty to
the charge against him. When asked if
he ever paid any of them as he promised in
his advertisement, he said he had' not.
Asked where “Rincon Ranch” was, to which
he promised to send them, he said he had
no idea, and when asked why he had ap¬
plicants send him $2 on account for a
railroad ticket to the place when he did
not intend to send a ticket he blandly an¬
swered : "Why, to get the money, I guess.”
The Llewellyn Iron Works, Los Angeles,
Cal., were partially destroyed by a dyna¬
mite explosion December 25. The firm had
had trouble with the metal workers’
union for several months. So great was
the force of the explosion that residents
In the West Lake Park district, two miles
away, were awakened by the shock. All
the glass in neighboring buildings was
smashed and some damage was done to the
Lacy Manufacturing Company, the Johnson
Machine Works and other plants. The ex¬
plosion tore a hole 18 inches deep and six
feet in diameter in the ground just at the
wagon entrance to the plant. A shed which
contained stored iron near the entrance was
totally wrecked.
Joseph G. Robin, formerly Robinovitch,
a New York banker, is in trouble.
His bank, the Northern, at 215 West 125th
street, New York, deposits $7,000,000, was
closed by the Banking Department before
business could open December 27. It has
nine branches, which were closed simul¬
taneously. It was said that the depositors
would get their money, but that the stock¬
holders were not likely to fare so well.
The Insurance Department set things going
against Robin through an inquiry into the
financing of the Aetna Indemnity Company
of Hartford by Robin, who, the department
says, treated the assets of companies he
controlled as his own personal property.
Superintendent of Insurance Hotchkiss
says that an examination of the Aetna In¬
demnity Company of Hartford by the New
York and Connecticut Insurance depart¬
ments was begun December 1G. Joseph G.
Robin was in March last the controlling
stockholder of the Aetna Indemnity Com¬
pany and apparently of the Northern Bank
of New York, located at 215 West 125th
street. He also largely controlled the
Bankers’ Realty and Security Company, a
realty corporation heavily interested in
Bronx lands ; the Fidelity Development
Company (the owners of the old Morris
Fark racetrack), and the South Shore
Traction Company and the Babylon Rail¬
road Company, two Long Island traction
corporations. The Robin corporations,
other than the banks and the insurance
company, all office together on the eighth
floor of the Times Building and seem to
have the same employees. Save as to the
Northern Bank, in which he is chairman
of the Finance Committee, Robin, appears
not to be an officer of any of these institu¬
tions, his control or influence being exer¬
cised through one or more confidential
representatives. Such control seems, how¬
ever, to be absolute.
Stanislao Pattenza and Maria Rappa, who
were convicted in the County Court, Brook¬
lyn, of complicity in the kidnapping of
Joseph Longa and Michael Rizzo on No¬
vember 19, were sentenced December 27 by
Judge Fawcett each to not less than 25
years imprisonment nor more than 49 years
and 10 months. Pattenza goes to Sing
13
Sing and Maria Rappa to -Auburn prisoji.
lhese two were leaders in a gang of Italian
kidnappers who were implicated in numer¬
ous crimes.
FARM AND GARDEN.- — -The annual con¬
vention and fruit show of the State Hor¬
ticultural Association of Pennsylvania will
be held in Harrisburg, Januarv' 24, 25, 2G,
in connection with the State Board of Agri¬
culture, Pennsylvania Live Stock Breeders’
Association, and the State Dairy Union ;
Chester J. Tyson, Secretary, Flora Dale,
Pa.
D. W. Raymond, secretary of the State
Board of Live Stock Commissioners, swore
out a warrant December 2G for the arrest
of S. W. Langhorne, Jr., assistant secretary
of the board, charging forgery of check's
made out to shippers of cattle from Mon¬
tana to the eastern markets. Langhorne.
was arrested. He has returned $3,000,
it is said, and admits taking $15,000 in
this manner. The State examiners’ inspec¬
tion shows double this amount improperly
accounted for. His plan, it was alleged,
was to extract from letters checks cover¬
ing stray shipments, which usually
amounted to $150,000 a year.
The Massachusetts Creamery Association
met at the Draper Hotel in Northampton,
December 21 in their sixteenth annual
business meeting. The following officers
were elected for the ensuing year' Presi¬
dent. W. A. Harlow, Cumnnngton ; vice-
president, W. A. Pease, Hatfield ; secre¬
tary and treasurer, Prof. W. P. B. Lock-
wood, Amherst (AJassachusetts Agricul¬
tural College). After the election of offi¬
cers the regular business of the association
was transacted. Those present, other than
members, were: G. E. Hodgkins, president,
Northampton Board of Trade; Dr. J. R.
Lindsey and P. H. Smith, of the Agricul¬
tural Experiment Station : Prof. James A.
Food and C. F. Robinson, dairy field agent
of the Agricultural College. H. A. Par¬
sons of North Amherst represented the
Massachusetts Dairy Bureau. The Cream¬
ery Association, instead of having a sepa¬
rate convention this year, will co-operate
with the Agricultural College in making
March 15, the Wednesday of Farmers’
Week, a big dairy day. Every phase of
the dairy work will be handled by an ex¬
pert. There will be a competitive mar¬
ket milk, dairy butter and creamery but¬
ter exhibit. No pains is being spared to
make this meeting the best possible. It is
desired to get together those interested in
all lines of dairy work and organize a
dairymen’s association in Massachusetts.
The annual meeting of the Brown Swiss
Cattle Breeders’ Association was held at
Owego, N. Y., December 8, 1910, but they
lacked one or having a quorum, and ad¬
journed to Saturday, January 25, 1911, at
Chicago. The Brown Swiss cattle are on
a higher plane and more sought after than
even before.
“Everything is lovely and the goose
hangs high.” Conditions here in Wal¬
worth County, Wis., are as follows : We
had a very dry Summer, no rain to speak
of from May - 28 to August 15, but for
all that crops and prices are a strong
average, except corn, which is a little bet¬
ter than half a crop. Prices are about
as follows : Hogs on foot, $7 per 100 ;
oats, 32 cents per bushel ; barley, 70 cents ;
hay, $15 to $18 per ton ; corn, shelled, $20
per ton ; potatoes, 40 to 50 cents per
bushel. Cattle on foot from four cents to
five cents per pound. Land anywhere from
$80 to $200 per acre ; the latter figure
was paid for 520 acres about one and a
half miles from Delavan by a Chicago
acker. The Bordens pay an average of
1.86 2-3 per 100 for milk the six months
of Winter. New milch cows are worth
anywhere from $40 to $75 per head for
common and for purebreds from $100 to
$300, but those are not in the poor man’s
class. Horses are also high, from $100
to $300 for work horses r in short, all stuff
brings Chicago prices with a little out for
freight and commission. m. F.
Elkhorn, Wis.
Dibble’s Farm Seed Catalog
- FOR 1911 -
is now ready lor distribution. We expect to begin mailing the 1911
edition to our regular customers January 10th, and all requests for
catalogs will be promptly attended to.
Dibble’s Farm Seed Catalog is the leading Farm Seed Book of the
j ear, copiously illustrated with photographic reproductions, tells the
exact truth about the Farm Seed situation, and gives brief, concise
descriptions of the best Northern-grown Seed Potatoes, Corn, Oats
Barley, Alfalfa, Clover and Grass Seeds.
Are Headquarters For Farm Seeds.
Have over 1600 Acres in our own Seed Farms and ship direct
from our tarms to yours at the lowest possible prices consistent with
highest possible quality.
With each catalog, if you ask for them, we will send two book¬
lets written by Mr. Dibble, entitled “Dibble On The Potato”
and “Dibble On Alfalfa,” absolutely without charge.
ADDRESS-
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower
Box _ Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
PETER COOPER’S PURE BONE DUST
THE OLD RELIABLE SINCE 1827
STERLING BRANDS OF
COMPLETE FERTILIZERS
SPECIAL BLENDS FOR SPECIAL CROPS
: : Send for Booklet : :
PETER COOPER'S FERTILIZER, "V.KftSST
VISIT OUR
EXHIBIT OF
EASTERN GROWN APPLES
UNTIL FEB.
1st, 1911
We have on exhibit during January at the Reading; Terminal Market, Philadelphia, car loads
of Eastern grown apples— Winesap, Ben Davis, York Imperial, Stayman’s Winesap, Albemarle
Pippin and others to show what can be grown in the East. George H. McKay, mgr. of exhibit.
VV c also have a car load of fruit and ornamental trees showing we can grow trees.
WE HAVE AT OUR NURSERIES:
GRAPE VINES— Concord and Moore's Early 20,000 PLUM TREES— 1 and 2 years
PEACH ™EES-100 varieties 500,000 CALIFORNIA PRIVET — all urades
APPLE TREES— 100 varieties, I and 2 years 10,000,000 STRAWBERRY PLANTS
PEAR TREES- 1, 2 and 3 years 100,000 NORWAY MAPLES
CHERRY TREES— 1 and 2 years '100,000 NORWAY SPRUCE
100,000
200,000
200,000
50,000
50,000
and a large acreage of other shade and ornamental trees all of
which are in fine condition and ready for Immediate shipment.
Can we talk business? If you intend planting stock in the
spring, won't you kindly All out the attached coupon and
mail same to ns today? You do not place yourself under any
obligations whatever by doing this, but I should be glad to
have the opportunity of giving you our prices.
New catalogue on how to grow fruit in the East FREE.
HARRISON'S NURSERIES, Berlin, Md.
HARRISON’S
Name _
Town _
State_
NURSERIES, Berlin, Md.
County
1 am in-
I
terested in the following for spring planting: |
J
WILL ADD VALUE
TO YOUR LAND
ALFALFA
ALFALFA is a wonderful yielder of hay and is equally valuable as a fP
\ soil builder, restoring nitrogen and increasing fertility. We special-
ize in alfalfa, particularly in those varieties which have proved hardiest $
and most valuable for all climates.
Read About Alfalfa in Our 27th Annual
Our Sterling Alfalfa is the purest,
cleanest and best seed obtainable
price.
PRICES, including bags
F. O. B. Minneapolis:
Sterlino Montana Alfalfa, perbu., S14.20
Dry Land Alfalfa, “ “ 15.10
Turkestan Alfalfa, " “ 13.30
Grim Alfalfa, '* " 18.10
Catalogue
TT tells the value of Alfalfa for feeding
stock, its yield and how it improves
the soil. Each variety is described at
length. This beautiful 144 Page Cata¬
logue is full of valuable information on
the best varieties of all kinds of seeds
for field and garden. Write for it today.
NORTHRUP, KING & CO., Seedsmen, 54 Bridge Sq., Minneapolis, Minn
Burpee, Philadelphia,
WP ^ h H 1 1 Kp nlpOCPrl fn can/I 'T tm T m mum * gg ED CATAL
Burpee=Quality
is sufficient for the front
of a post card. If you will
write your own address
we shall be pleased to send The Leading American Seed Catalog. Pl^1elerantl5TOkeofS 174
pages, it tells the plain truth, and should be read by K 74
all who would have the best garden possible and
who are willing to pay a fair price for seeds of the
14
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER
January 7,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
THIS LIFE GAUGE.
They err who measure life by years,
With false or thoughtless tongue;
Borne hearts grow old before their time;
Others are always young.
*Tis not the number of the lines
On Life’s fast filling page;
»Tis not the pulse’s added throbs
Which constitute their age.
Some souls are serfs among the free,
While others nobly thrive
They stand just when' their fathers stood;
Dead, even while they live!
Others, all spirit, heart, and sense —
Theirs the mysterious power
To live, in throbs of joy or woe,
A twelvemonth in an hour!
Seize then the minutes as they pass —
The woof of Life is Thought!
Warm up the colors — let them glow
By fire or fancy fraught.
Live to some purposed-make thy life
A gift of use to thee!
A joy, a good, a golden hope.
A heavenly argosy!
— Author Unknown.
♦
“Til’ whistle never blows for mother,”
says Abe Martin, the Indiana philoso¬
pher, (hits expressing a great truth in
everyday words.
♦
Hous ('.keepers will be interested in
the fraud order recently issued against
the World Manufacturing Company, of
Cincinnati, O., and three subsidiary
companies. This includes the R. Arm¬
strong Company, which manufactures a
vacuum carpet cleaner. It is asserted
that the cleaner, which costs $8.50, is
not as represented. Federal inspectors
say that the company has sold 37,000 of
these devices this year.
*
“Bubble and squeak” is an old-fash¬
ioned English name for warmed-over
beef and cabbage. Cold boiled beef is
sliced thin, including the fat, and is
then fried quickly in hot butter until
heated through. Fry the cabbage in
butter also, seasoning well with black
pepper, then make a mound of the cab¬
bage on a hot platter, lay the slices of
beef on it and serve very hot. Some¬
times a little chopped onion is fried in
the butter before the meat is put in.
*
Farming in Nairobi, British East Af¬
rica, is not without thrills, according to
a resident of that district recently in
New York. He has a great ranch, where
he expects to carry on ostrich farming
on a large scale. He said to an inter¬
viewer :
“Since I left my farm my man has
trapped a leopard that measured nine
feet three inches in length, and another
which is believed to be the biggest ever
taken. They were after our pigs and
got caught in a cage. A recent letter
from .niy manager tells me that a lion
and a lioness have taken up their abode
in one corner of a 200 acre cornfield,
and that the opposite corner has been
appropriated by an old bull buffalo.”
*
The experience gained in the public
schools of Orange, N. J., where they
have established a special class room
for anaemic children, will be very use¬
ful to mothers who have this problem
before them. The children are not
taught out of doors, but in a large room
in which there are numerous windows,
all kept wide open throughout the ses¬
sion. In every other feature the work
is the same as that of an outdoor class.
The board established a class for chil¬
dren threatened with tuberculosis some
time ago, and with that problem dis¬
posed of it became necessary to provide
for the children who are not well
enough nourished to insure their full
development. They get to school at
nine o’clock in the morning and the ses¬
sion lasts until 10.30, with interruptions
for breathing exercises and a little play.
Then they get hot porridge or milk and
eggs and after that they are at work
again until noon. The midday meal is
served in the schoolroom at the ex¬
pense of the Board of Education. The
children then work until three o’clock,
when they are sent home comforted with
cocoa, porridge or milk, with plenty of
bread and butter on the side. A great
many growing children and young girls
become anaemic, and we believe this
condition is not always recognized by
the parents. Abundant fresh air. out¬
door exercise, plenty of sleep and
nourishing food are among the first
requisites, and nothing could be much
worse for an anaemic child than a
crowded and poorly ventilated sleeping
room.
*
Representative Murdock, of Kansas,
wants Congress to pass a pure-fabric
law. He says that he cannot see why,
if the law protects people from the im¬
position of aniline-dyed glucose mas¬
querading as currant jelly, they should
not be protected by law from cotton
masquerading as wool. In short, hisr
legislative attempt will be to secure the
passage of a bill which shall compel
the proper labelling of all fabrics, SO
that the purchaser may know whether
he is buying all wool, part wool, or
no wool. He would have proper penal¬
ties provided, and, in his view, a proper
penalty means imprisonment for false
statements made on the goods’ labels.
We think every housekeeper in the
United States will be ready to back
Mr. Murdock, for most of us have had
painful experience in buying “all-wool”
fabrics, at all-wool prices, which quickly
showed their cotton and shoddy char¬
acter. The prices of woolen and even
part woolen fabrics are so high that we
are surely entitled to know what we are
paying for.
Cleaning Flues with Zinc.
Can you tell me the method of cleaning
kitchen flues with old zinc or worn-out
electric batteries? I nave seen mention
of it in the papers. Is the zinc or bat¬
teries placed in the chimney? If so, how
are they burned? They do not give the
method of doing it. MRS. E. w.
This question is beyond us; can any¬
one give us information regarding it?
We infer that the zinc is treated with
some acid which causes rapid formation
of gas.
Painting Pantry Shelves.
I have read so much advice about
using white oilcloth for pantry shelves
that I wish to enter a protest. Why
not paint the shelves? Almost any color
but white will do. Enamel paint is pre¬
ferable. Under milk pans or dishes
containing food there might be a piece
of pasteboard or a folded paper. Then
all that is necessary to do is occasion¬
ally to wipe the dust off the shelves. I
think a light color is better for shelves
than a dark one. Oilcloth cracks, stains
and sometimes the paint rubs up and
looks black and dirty; paint costs less.
G. w. c.
wise on the line with many pins, which
prevented them getting out of shape.
The rugs were thoroughly clean and
fadeless, while my back was spared the
consequences attendant on lifting and
wringing heavy things from a tub.
MAUDE E. S. HYMERS.
Baked Apple Pudding. — Peel, core
and slice 12 large apples; line a deep
pudding dish with pie paste, pack in
apples, add V/z cup of sugar, one grated
nutmeg, one tablespoon ful of butter, and
one half cup of water. Wet edges of
paste, lay on a top cover, pinch or crimp
edges together, make a small opening
in center, bake in a moderate oven un¬
til apples are tender. Serve with rich
sweet cream. d. b. p.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 12.
Send Your Name To-day to
R. H. Jlncy’s Attractions are their Low Prices
Washing Heavy Rugs.
With the conviction that some heavy
vhite cottage rugs required washing,
trose the question of how it should be
lone. I dared not send them to my
vasherwoman lest their delicate colored
borders be faded and thus ruin my
rolor scheme ; and to wash them at
lome required a washing machine,
.vhich I did not possess. After much
leliberation I had the large kitchen
able brought outside in the shade, hav-
ng chosen a warm, sunshiny day. On
his I spread the rug, having a tubful
if hot, strong suds beside me on a
lench ; and with a stiff bristle brush I
rave those rugs a thorough scrubbing
m both sides. This was followed by
:horough rinsing with a second tubful
if hot, clear water; then came a rins-
ng in cold water, finishing with a fourth
ubful of blued water. When clean and
dear they were hung, without wringing,
n the sunshine; being fastened length-
★
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and we will send you a copy of our Special
Sale Catalogue Free and Postpaid.
OF MACY
BARGAINS
THOUSANDS
There h:is never been a midwinter Bale quite like
this. From field and farm and workshop— from
producers, from manufacturers— we have gath¬
ered together a wonderful variety of fine mer¬
chandise and to sell it all in January and Febru¬
ary we offer It at
BIG PRICE REDUCTIONS
Shirtwaists, shirts, pettlconts, comlilnn-
tlon suits, corset covers, table and bed
linens, towels, wash goods, dress goods,
embroidery, neckwear. Infant’s wear,
apparel for men, women and children,
household goods, thousands ofthemostneeded
articles gathered together spe¬
cially for this great sale. Don’t
buy anything to wear, CQ<£
anywhere, atany price, J
until you first see
what we offer in
this free catalogue.
Write for
it now.
Ask for Catalogue No. 801
R. H. MACY & CO., New York
Broadway at 6th Ave., 34th to 35th Street
MARKET GARDENERS’ PAPER
Weekly Market Growers’ Journal— only paper printed
especially for vegetable growers. 81.00 a year, 52 is¬
sues. For 10 cents and names of three market gardeners
we will send it ten weeks with our popular booklet,
"$25,000 a Year From Twelve Acres.’ Send for free
sample copies — it is the best way to judge. %
Market Growers' Journal, 541 Walker Bldg., Louisville, Ky.
DCCIf CCDillP its pleasures and profits, is the
DhtfVttrINU theme of that excellent and tauid-
somely illustrated magazine, GLEAN I N OS 1» KM,
CULT CUE. VV'e send it for six months on tiial for
twenty-five cents, and also send free a 64-page book on
bees and our bee supply catalogue to all who n
paper. THE A. L ROOT CO., IF - “
_ _ _ _ name this
lux 65, Medina, Ohio.
Makes and burns its own gas and
produces a pure white, steady,
safe, 100 candle power light. . No
wick, smoke, dirt, grease or odor.
THE BEST LIGHT
Lighted instantly. Over 200 styles.
Agents wanted. Write for catalog
the best EIGHT CO.
4 01 E. 5th St., Canton, 0<
FOUNDED 18-Ht
Intense and Fadeless
Simpson-
Eddystone
[Solid Black Prints
(have been the recognized
standard black since 1842.
The rich lustrous, black
I of this calico is insepar-
able from the cloth. The
color is tub -proof, sun¬
proof and perspiration -
proof. Cloth of the first
quality, well -woven and
| durable.
Show this advertisement to your deal-
ler when you order, and don't accept
I substitutes. If not in your dealer’s
I stock write us his name and address.
| We'll help him supply you.
jThe Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philadelphia
Established by Wm. Simpson, Sr*
RANGER’’ BICYCLES
Have imported roller chains , sprockets anti
fedals; New Departure Coaster- Brakes and
Hubs; Puncture Proof Tires; highest grade
equipment and many advanced features pos¬
sessed by no other wheels. Guaranteed Syr s.
ACT0RY PRICES
others ask for cheap wheels. Other reliable
models from 6X2 up. A few good second¬
hand machines $3 to $8.
lODAYS’FREE TRIAL!I’.t'
■ provnl , freight prepaid , anywhere In U. S.,
without a cent in advance. DO NOT BUY a
'bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone atany
J price until you get our big new catalog and
” special prices and a marvelous new offer.
A postal brings everything. Write it now.
TiprO Coaster Brake Rear Wheels, lamps,
I IIILv parts, and sundries half usual prices.
Rider A grents everywhere are coining money selling out bi¬
cycles, tires and sundries. Write today,
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept. W80» CHICAGO
manatee-florida
J Where fortune* are made on amall farm*
\M5^growin8 Oranges, Grape Fruit and Veg-
VS^e tables. Cheap lands now available. Quick
transportation — low freight rates to Eastern
and Northern markets via S. A. L. Ry. Two
*and three crops a year, net $500 to $1500
' per acre. Ideal climate year round — no
freezes — no extreme heat. Write for illus¬
trated booklet — it’s free — address,
J. W. WHITE, Gen’l Indnstrial Agt,
■if. SEABOARD AIR LINE RY.
NORFOLK, VA. DEPT. A
Why Rent a Farm
and be compelled to pay to your landlord most of
your hard-earned profits? Own your own
farm. Secure a Free Homestead in
Manitoba, Saskatchewan or Al-
1 berta, or purchase land in one
of these districts and bank a
profit of $10.00 or $18.00
I an acre every year.
J Land purchased three years
lagoatSlO.OO an acre has recently
| changed hands at S'35.00 an acre.
|The crops grown on these lands
v CiW^ll sfiiSH wur rant the advance. You can
Become Rich
by cattle raising, dairying, mixed farm-
irig and grain growing in the prov¬
inces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan
and Alberta in Western Canada.
Free homestead and pre-emption
areas, as well as land held by railway
and land companies, will provide
homes for millions.
Adaptable soil, healthful climate,
splendid schools and churches and
good railways.
For settlers’ rates, descriptive litera¬
ture "Last Best West.” how to reach
the country and other particulars, write
to Sup’t of Immigration, Ottawa, Can¬
ada, or to the Canadian Gov’t Agent.
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
(63)
HOUSEWORK HALVED
By Syracuse “EASY” Utilities
SOLD ON TRIAL
Syracuse “ F.ASY ” Vacuum Washer cleans completely a tubful of clothes, coarse
or delicate, in 10 minutes of easy effort. Heat water right in rust-proof steel tub. No
swinging of clothes or water. Works like a cistern pump. Sold on 30 days trial.
Syracuse “EASY” Vacuum Cleaner, hand or electric, most satisfactory
on market. Gets all the dirt without raising dust. Easy to oi>erate. Very
durable and efficient. Send for free booklet and Trial Order Form.
DODGE & ZUILL, 224C Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
33HEES2-I
You can buy fertilo farms with timber, fruit and water for *10.00 per acre
- and uPr Annual Rainfall 45 inches. Splendid country f» •
fruit growing, dairying* stock raising and general fariiiinff*
Fine climate, abundant water, convenient Eastern markets, excellent^ schools, good
neighbors. Write for our illustrated Quarterly, maps, Homeseokcr s Excursion
rates and other information. They tell WHY Vtrg.n.a land is so low in price.
F. H. LaBaume. Agr. & In J. Agf., Norlolk & Western Ry. Box, 2047, Roanoke, Va
AND UP
PER ACRE
NOW
BUT PRICE
RAPIDLY ADVANCING
OICE VIRGINIA FARM
Along Chesapeake & Ohio Railway as low as $15.00 per acre. Rich
soil mild winters, nearby eastern markets. Exceptional kruit Growing rosst.
hilities Write for illustrated booklet of farms for sale “COUN¬
TRY LIFE IN VIRGINIA” (100 pages) and low excursion rates
address IV. T. CRAWLEY, Industrial Act.
C. & O. RY.. BOX Z RICHMOND, VA.
11*11.
the E i; E A NEW-YORKER
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
The house coat is one of the com¬
forts that every man likes to include in
his wardrobe. This one can quite read¬
ily and successfully be made at home.
The coat is made with fronts and back.
Patch pockets are arranged over the
6861 Men’s House Coat. 34 to 44 breast.
fronts and rolled-over collar finishes
the neck. The sleeves are of the two-
piece sort, finished with cuffs. The
edge can be finished with cord, as in
this instance, or left plain or treated
in any way to suit the fancy. The quan¬
tity of material required for the medium
size will be 4*4 yards 27, 2V% yards 44
or 2 yards 52 inches wide with 7 yards
of cord to trim as illustrated. The
pattern No. 6861 is cut in sizes for men
of 34, 36, 38, 40, q2 and 44 inch breast
measure; price 10 cents.
The smaller cuts include 6825, tucked
waist with or without fitted lining; 34
to 42 bust; 4/ yards of material 21 or
24 inches wide, 2*4 yards 36, 2 yards 44
for medium size. 6841, girl’s bertha
dress; 4, 6 and 8 years; 4^4 yards of
material 24 or 27 inches wide, 3 yards
36, 2)4 yards 44, with *4 yard 18 inch
wide for yoke, 4*4 yards of banding and
3*4 yards of ruffling for medium size.
6844, bath robe perforated for shorter
length. Small 34 or 36, medium 38 or
40, large 42 or 44 bust. 7*4 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 4)4 yards 44,
4 yards 52, with 34 yard of silk for
trimming, for medium size. 6203, men’s
night shirt; 34 to 44 breast; 6*4 yards
of material 27 inches wide, 4*4 yards 36
inches wide for medium size. 6828, six-
gored skirt; 24 to 32 waist; 6% yards
of material 24 or 27 inches wide, 3
yards 44 or 52, width of skirt at lower
edge 1)4 yards when plaited, for
medium size.
Obedience is not truly performed by
the body of him whose heart is dissatis¬
fied. — Saadi.
More About Samp.
I read a communication from Albert
Neilson, page 1013, asking why grits or
hominy is called in this section samp.
This question I cannot answer, but I
agree with him when he says that most
of the cornmeal sold is only fit for
cows. But when he says that corn
should be kept and dried a year before
being ground or cracked into samp or
hominy, I beg to differ with him. When
I was a small boy my father always
picked out the best ears of yellow corn
in early Fall, and shelled it before it
became dry, and it was hard work to
shell it too. He then took it to the
mill and had it cracked or coarsely
ground while it had that new fresh
flavor, which old corn can never have
afterward. My mother used to spread
it on a cotton sheet and stir it often,
so that it would not become heated un¬
til it was used up. If Mr. Neilson will
try one grist of this at home done in
this way, he will not be sending to
Maryland for his fodder any more.
_ E. A. S.
A Batch of Griddle Cakes.
Hominy Fritters. — Reduce to a smooth
paste a pint of cold boiled hominy and
a tablespoon ful of melted butter. Add
three well beaten eggs. Then stir in a
cupful of flour that has been sifted with
a teaspoon ful of baking powder and thin
with milk. The batter should drop, not
run, from the end of a spoon. Drop by
the spoonful into hot fat. Serve with
maple syrup.
Rye Pancakes. — Make a batter of one-
half pint of milk, one, egg, a saltspoon
of salt, one teaspoon of baking powder,
and flour enough to make a rather thick
batter. Sour milk and soda is better.
Beat it well, drop it with spoon into hot
fat, and fry. These were usually eaten
with sugar, cider or lemon juice.
Hygienic Pancakes. — Beat three eggs
very light, add a teaspoonful of salt, four
sifted shredded wheat biscuits and one
cupful of whole wheat flour; mix thor¬
oughly and add one pint and a half of
milk, a little at a time. Beat well, bake
on a hot griddle and serve with maple
syrup.
Rice Cakes. — Beat three eggs very
light, adding (keep beating) a cup of
cold boiled rice. When thoroughly
blended add three or four tablespoons of
cream or rich milk, a pinch of salt, a
spoonful of melted butter and just
enough flour to hold it together. Make
any fritter stiff with flour and it is
ruined. Drop in spoonfuls in smoking
hot butter.
Raised Buckwheat Cakes. — Sift to¬
gether four cups of buckwheat and one
small cup of cornmeal. Dissolve one
yeast cake in half a cup of water. Then,
after warming the flour, mix into it the
yeast and four cups of warm water. Beat
thoroughly, adding salt, and set it to
rise in a warm place near the stove on
cold nights. In the morning beat it up
and add a teaspoonful of soda dissolved
in a little milk. Have the griddle hot,
and fry the cakes a golden brown. It
can be renewed indefinitely by simply
pouring cold water over the batter that
is on hand after breakfast. When cakes
are needed a second time, pour off the
cold water (the batter will have sunk
to the bottom of the crock) and add the
same proportions of buckwheat and corn¬
meal that you did in starting the batter.
Let it rise again overnight, adding the
soda next day. When breakfast is over
cover with cold water again. Buckwheat
cakes are always better for being raised
with yeast, as the flour is naturally
heavy.
GIRLHOOD
AND
Scott’s Emulsion
are linked together. The
reason is that at a period
when a girl’s digestion is
weak
Scott's Emulsion
provides her with powerful
nourishment in easily di¬
gested form.
It’s the food that builds
and keeps up a girl’s
strength.
15
SPEAR Will Trust You
Wherever You Live— Write
. For His Free Catalog
A Personal
Word
The rich and
prosperous class
can always com¬
mand the lux¬
uries of life, but
the average
home lover needs
the Spear System
of Credit to the
Nation. I want
1,000,000 families
to say of me:—
He helped us
to furnish and
beautify our
homes.” I ask
for no higher tri¬
bute to my life’s
work. Write for
my Free Catalog.
Spear
of
Pittsburg
NO matter where you liye, yon can buy everything needed
for the home from us on credit and on easy payments
to suit your convenience. All you need to do is to mail
us your name and address and we will at once send you,
free, our Mammoth Home Furnishing Catalog, con¬
taining illustrations from photographs and full des¬
criptions of thousands of articles in Furniture, Bugs,
Carpets and Homo Furnishings sold by us on long time,
open account, easy credit terms.
Credit Buying Made Easy
With the aid of this Big Bargain Catalog, you can select
anyttnngyou want— Fumlture,Carpe«s, Rugs, Stoves, Ranges,
Refrigerators, Sewing Machines, Baby Carriagea, Go-Carts,
Silverware, Dishes, Phonographs, Washing Machines, Clocks,
etc., — to a greater advantage than if you were to visit
personally even the largest city stores; because wo offer
you not only a vastly larger' and better stock to choose
from, but your selections are made at homo after consult¬
ing your family and without suggestions from clerks who
may seek to influence you.
Pay When Convenient
Tour credit is good with us. Why not use It?
Under onr liberal, open account, easy payment plan
you can have every possible advantage in buying for
your home possessed by the most favored and well-
to-do-shopper in the city stores. Our credit sys¬
tem is extended to honestpeople, everywhere, re¬
gardless of their Income. You need not deny your¬
self any article of household comfort or luxury on
account of a lack of ready cash. Select what you
want from onr Catalog, pay a little cash down and
a little each month.
Plymouth Range
$3.75 Down
The rang. that ha* earned
such a sensation and cre¬
ated so much talk.
Our Prices Are The Lowest
While onr credit terms are the most liberal in the
country, yet our prices aro the lowest.
This is because of our immonso purchas¬
ing power and enormous volume of sales.
Wo buy goods in such vast quantities
that we secure better prices than would
be possible to smaller concerns, and
by extending our business to tens of
thousands of customers all over the
country, we can afford to accent just
country, we can anora to accept just
one small added profit from each sale.
Wo allow no store or factory on earth
to undersell us. Get our prices and
bo your own judge of whether or not wa
save you from 20 to 30 per cent oa your
home furnishings.
Only S2.2S Down and
9 1 .00 Par Month
Bruasals Rugs,
9x 12-SI 1.8S
and up
Price $4.95
Terms 75c Cash
With Order
Balance 50c Payable Monthly
SPEAR & COMPANY, Department 19MM Pittsburg, Pa.
Take A Month To Decide
Anything you select from
our Bargain Catalog will
be shipped on approvaL
Keep the goods 30 days,
then decide to buy or re¬
turn at ourexpense. Ifyou
aro not fully satisfied, the
goods may be shipped back
to us at our exponso and your
first payment and freight
charges refunded you.
Big Rocker Bargain
A large, comfortable, solid oak
Rocker with high, wide back, fully
tufted and buttoned with heavy
ruffled edge. Seat is large and
roomy, upholstered with high-grade
black Sylvan leather over full steel
spring construction, and has a beautifully ruf¬
fled edge to match back. Construction is solid
golden oak throughout, with high gloss golden
finish. Arms are wide, front posts of handsome
design. Satisfaction guaranteed or money back.
Write For Free Catalog Today
Ann Arbor Lighting
Systems are brighter
than gas, steadier and clearer thao
electric light, and cost about one-
tenth as much to operate. Each
lamp gives 300 to 500 candle power
for less than % cent per hour. Fuel
ii gasoline; perfectly safe.
We make Complete Light*
Inf System for Homes,
Churches, Stores, Etc.
Price $10 up, according to number
of lamps desired. We make inverted
arcs especially adapted for use in
stores, halls, factories, etc.
\VE W ANT who will push our
AGENTS line. Special terms
to those who Write early. Catalog
and prices on request
superior npa. co.
3flb Second St., Ana Arbor, Mich.
Electric Lights make the brightest, safest,
cleanest and most reliable lighting system
known for farms and country homes. The
Dayton Electric Lighting Outfits are low in
cost, easy to install, cost almost nothing to
operate. Give you better lights than most city
people enjoy. Write today fot complete illus¬
trated catalog showing outfits, fixtures, etc.
DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO.
231 St. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
BROWN’S
Bronchial Troches
are prepm-ed in convenient form of simple
medicinal substances, most beneficial in the
treatment of throat affections. Free from
opiates or other harmful ingredients.
Price, 25c, 50c and $1.00. Sample free
John I. Brown & Son Boston, Mas*.
The Corn Belt” All-Rubber Arctic
Bears the famous Beacon Falls Cross, a guarantee of quality,
reliability and independence from any trust.
Made entirely of Fine Rubber— no cloth used for the uppers.
A perfect snow-excluder. Keeps the feet warm and dry in
any weather and absolutely waterproof and dampproof from
top to bottom.
Good rubbers can’t be made of poor material, but lots of good
material is spoiled by poor construction. “Corn Belt’’ All-Rub¬
ber Arctics were not built on the spur of the moment — they
represent years of careful study as to the needs of the wearer.
Reinforced where most needed. See the famous Samson
Extension Heel, and the “Armor-plated” toe cap.
The fact that it is absolutely waterproof and that
mud and barnyard filth can be washed off' makes it,
particularly appropriate for use about the farm.
ASK FOR THE "CORN BELT” ALL-RUBBER ARCTIC
LOOK FOR THE CROSS
When you want rubber boots or shoes of any kind
ask for the Beacon Falls line. You will be sure of good
value and satisfactory service.
If you cannot buy Beacon Falls Arctics of your dealer, send usj
his name. We will see that you are supplied.
Write for illustrated booklet, describ-
Beacon Falls rubber footwear.
The Beacon Falls
Rubber Shoe Co.
Chicago.
Trade Mark
New York, Boston. Loek ior the Cross.
Beacon Falls
ifio^
Co.
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER
January 7,
ie
Live Stock and Dairy
STOCK SHEDS OF STRAW.
The recent days of stormy zero
weather and a searching wind and snow
have induced me to tell R. N.-Y. readers
how we have converted straw stacks
into comfortable quarters for stock that
has the run of barnyard more or less
during the Winter. Especially does this
apply to the work horses that are often
said to have been turned to the straw
stack, and which affords about their only
protection during severe Winter weather.
That horses or other live stock thus ex¬
posed to the elements will survive and
perhaps do fairly well during our long
and severe Winters, even under such con¬
ditions, may be quite possible, but it is
well understood that such result are at¬
tained only by the increased amount of
food required. While considering the
matter from this standpoint we (though
my son deserves most of the credit) de¬
cided to utilize our straw stack, not only
to serve as a wind-break, but as a means
of warmth and comfort to our faithful
co-workers and dependents on the farm.
To this end we ^ improved the oppor¬
tunity before the 'season's thrashing of
grain to construct on a portion of the
ground to be occupied by the stock a
cheap framework about 8 feet high by
18 feet long and 14 feet wide. For sup¬
ports two rows of posts were set in the
ground four feet apart, with timbers ex¬
tending across the posts on either side ; on
these poles, rails, etc., were used to com¬
pose the roofing. The open end, for best
results, should border either the east
or south portions of the stack, the south
preferred, for securing the warm rays of
the sun ; the sides and end of the same
can be loosely constructed of refuse
boards, etc. At thrashing time the whole
arrangement is to be covered and serve
as a portion of the foundation of the
stack. As the straw is used during the
Winter, all that over the structure should
remain to be used last.
It was a great satisfaction to observe
during the recent extremely cold and
windy weather how readily the horses
availed theselves of the warm, com¬
fortable quarters that awaited them, even
in preference to that comprising part of
our farm buildings. And when we re¬
alize that the thousands of straw stacks
here in Western New York only could
be converted into a medium of comfort
and protection to our dumb animals with
comparatively little expense, should we
not avail ourselves of this privilege, even
from a humanitarian standpoint, aside
from the source of pecuniary advantage
that will surely follow?
Genesee Co., N. Y. irving d. cook.
A WOMAN’S HEN BUSINESS.
On page 1120 a Massachusetts woman
sent us this little note:
Suppose you knew nothing and were go¬
ing on to a farm April 1. You had land
for a vegetable garden and liens. "What
would you do in New Hampshire? Would
you buy 10-day-old chicks and raise broilers
for the fashionable market nearby? I wish
your various people would tell me how
they would go to work to get a living un¬
der' the above circumstances? • e. h.
Some of our people tried to help, but
this woman did not wait for them, but
started out herself to learn in the old-
fashioned way. She has now agreed to
give us a fair statement of her hen busi¬
ness, and we print below the first in¬
stallment. We hope she will carry the
plan through and let us know exactly
how it comes out. In these days of
“systems” and big hen stories a dry
mash of the pure, cold truth will bal¬
ance the ration and do us all good.
Bear in mind that this woman is not
to tell others how to do it. but rather
how she does it or doesn’t do it. No
one that we ever heard of has started
the poultry business4 in just this way.
The First Statement.
I wrote you asking you how to begin a
paying poultry business in April. I have
been appreciative of your efforts to get
an answer. I saw for myself after a
time what the answer of the poultry-
man says — that buying 10-day-old chicks
lacked background; that hens and eggs
were needed. Just then I. was offered
for a few months a farm in Massachu¬
setts, rent free, brooder houses, incu¬
bators and all, if I would buy the re¬
maining 154 birds that had not been
sold from a flock of 900. I bought this
clean, healthy stock for $1 a bird, and
here I am ! Now note : I have no
rent; I have henhouses to hand; I have
two men, one the man who has. lived
on the place and wants a home with me
till April, and one other man, very in¬
telligent and industrious, but out of
health, and so about to take up an out¬
door life. They do the work and I do
the cooking. In other words, I have not
one cent to pay for labor. I say all
this for the reason that I want to make
it clear that here is a person starting ’
in on the poultry business under the
most favorable circumstances. I want
to send you monthly our assets and
liabilities. I mean if we do not make
money it means either that we are stupid
or that there is not money in poultry.
Here is just where we stand now:
On December 5 out of 154 birds we got
five eggs; the layers had been sold, we
had the moulters. I was told that one
should be getting one-third as many
eggs as one had hens. That meant about
45 a day. Five was a shock. We ad¬
ministered beef scraps, cabbage and cut
clover. By December 21 we had. 30
eggs a day. We reckon that our birds
eat five dollars a week. In our first
week we took in $1.80 for eggs— we
were all liabilities and no assets. Our
second week showed assets. We paid
for the grain and also for $2 worth of
sand and had $2.01 left over towards
feeding ourselves. This coming week
we shall sell all our eggs at 60 cents a
dozen, and probably make $5 to the
good. This sounds promising, but it is
not so fair as it sounds. We get 60
cents at the door for eggs, but because
we do that we have to pay high for what
we buy ourselves (90 cents a bushel
for potatoes). To live costjs us $20 a
week, I fear. I do not see our hens
really supporting us, but I see that had
we 10 times as many they might — they
might for the moment. There’s the
rub ! In January all will be well, but
in February we have to put our eggs
into the incubators. To get 500 pullets
grown up we have to use 2500 eggs.
This wipes out all January profits; we
shall need every cent and more to feed
our birds while we are incubating their
eggs. In May I fancy we can begin
to sell eggs again, and in June begin
on selling off the cockerels as broilers.
But I cannot see the eggs of May, June
and so on and the cockerels of June
and July doing much more than, carry
our 500 chicks. In short, it is nip and
tuck, a toss up, whether if we took the
poultryman’s advice and sold • off our
hens in September for $1 a bird we
should come up asset or liability. I
fancy it would be about even, and here
we are without rent, or wages for labor.
However, I hope I am wrong. I will
let vou know how we come out. e. h.
JlO_;-CeA,
DAILY
OUTPUT
18,000
BBLS
YEARLY
OUTPUT
OVER
6,500,000
ALPHA
PORTLAND DEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
Da wm
ReduceThat Feed Bill
Increase your milk supply at the
same time by feeding Dried Brewers
Grains and Malt Sprouts. Send for
our valuable descriptive booklet on
Points for Stock Feeders.
Farmers Feed Co.,
76th St. East River, New York City.
PE
C
EBONS
CATTLE
Reg. Holstein Male Calves
$20.00 TO $25.00
CHEAPER than yon can purchase elsewhere,
quality considered. Write for photographs
and particulars. We also offer special bargains
in cows bred to our great King Segis Beets
Korndyke. Address,
HILLHURST FARM, Rivenhurgh Bros., Munnsville, N. Y.
ttft HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
• A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
ONTARIO VAN FRIESLAND DE KOL
BUHL CALF, three months old; sire, America
DeKol Burke; dam, Woodcrest Van Friesland,
over 21 pounds. Price, $75 crated f. o.«b.
Charlotte. Send for details.
CLOVER DALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C, S. Lunt, Owner John J. Eden, Manager
ERGHERON
STALLIONS JUS HARES
Imported and home-bred. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 30 years an importer and breeder of prize winners.
El. WOOD S. AKIN
170 South Street, Auburn, N. Y.
MPercheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, <). Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Penna. R.It., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated. Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI A N ASSN OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON, SEC’Y. BOX 1 0S, BRATTLEBORO.VT.
knyo°w dtVa°t Fern’s Jubilee No. 73852
A. J. C. C., is one of the best “butter bred" hulls
in the world, investigate. Then order one of his
young sons before it is too late. Nothing over three
months old on hand at present. Address
J. GRANT MORSE, Laurel Farm, Hamilton, N. Y.
E
JS X3C El 3EJ
3
Woodland Dorsets
Woodland Dorsets have been sold into practically
every State in the Union, and are giving satisfac
tion. I can spare fifty head of splendid ewes, all
of them bred to a very flue ram.
CHAS. B. WING, Mechantcsburg, Ohio.
CUDflDCUIDEQ-100 YearlinS ewes; 40
Oil nUr OnlriCO yearling rams. Price and
breeding right. FRED VAN VLEET, LODI, N.Y.
JERSEYS
-Combination and Golden Lad; for
sale, 1 cow, 8 heifers, G bulls.
S. E. NIVIN, Landenburg, Pa.
Breed Up-Not Down1£rc.ThST
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. K. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
GALLOWAY CATTLE— Showed at five fairs this fall
and drew $540 in cash. All ages for sale.
JOHN CHAMBERLIN & SON, Flat Rock, Mich.
R
EADY FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT;
2 mos. to 2 yrs. old, Lincoln Lucks 1 to 3 yrs. old. Lincoln,
Hampshire and Shropshire Down Lambs both sexes. Send
2-cent stamp for circular. Come see my stock and make
your own selections. Edward Walter, West Chenier, Pa,
Cop QoIq— 1)0111)10 Standard Polled Durham Bull
r U 1 OdlG Calf; price reasonable. For particu¬
lars address E. B. CLKVENGEK. Clearbrook, Va.
JS ■\7£7‘ I UMT 33
Dlbs-9Tfoirfhs
s -X7V i nsr e
Jersey Reds fatten easily & quickly.
Small-boned, loug-bodied, vigorous
& prolific. Meat unsurpassed. Have
some choice offerings now. Write
for catalog and prices. Artuub J.
COL.1.1K8, Box It, Moorentown.N.J.
miDflPC the BIG’ I)EEP fellows
UUnllUO that grow and mature quickly.
Pigs and Gilts for sale at all times.
SHENANGO RIVER FARMS, Transfer, Pa.
SOMETHING NICE— Duroc Jersey Swine, Partriige
and Golden Rock Chickens, Bourbon Red
Turkeys. Embden Geese, Crested White Ducks.
_ ' _ J. H. LEWIS, R. No. 2, Cadiz, Ohio.
CHELDON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
O Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y.
nuccu IRCC— TH15 WHITE, BACON HOG,
unLonltlLO Long-bodied, Square-built, good
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Sows bred for spring farrow. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
_ _ _ _ profitable.
MORNINGSIDE FARM, Sylvania, Pa.
A BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PTG given for a
x*. few hours of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PEXNA. BERKSHIRE OCX, Fannettsburg, Pa,
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
... AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
For Sale
4 REGISTERED CHESTER WHITE GILTS
Old enough to breed in January for May Pigs
Price $io each f. o. b. Scio, N. Y.
EUGENE T. BLACK, SCIO, N. Y.
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires, C. Whites.
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
_ _ Pups, Beagles and Poultry. Write for
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Middletown, Pa
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-m
L/ each ot tliv last three volumes of American Berkshire Kecoi d
we gold and registered more Berkshires Ilian any other breeder
In the United States. The large proportion went to old custom¬
ers. This speaks for Itself, 11.0. & II. B. Harpending, Dundee, N.V.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. ?;',, 8£j
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
Farm Help If pays
The only help you can rely on
today is mechanical help. The
Farmers’ Favorite Feed Cooker
and Boiler is the best help ever
put on a farm. Cooks stock and
poultry feed, sterilizes milk cans,
boils sap, cooks scrapple, renders
lard and boils spray mixtures. Send
for special sale list.
LEWIS MFC. CO., Box 0, Cortland, K.Y.
BERKSHIRE BOAR PIGS
Eight weeks old. $10.00. “Polegate Delarey.”
A. ROGERS, Lambertville, N. J., Route 2
IMillr PrfwIlTCPPC for New York City market
1111m rlUUliliCiS desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albbrt Manning, Olisville, N. Yr.
KENTUCKY MAMMOTH JACKS, JEN-
NETS and SADDLE HORSES.
We are the Largest Breeders in America of Mam¬
moth Jacks. Hampshire and Tamworth hogs. Stock
of all ages for sale. J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Ky.
pni I IE D|| DO— From imported stock. Females
UULLIC I U id cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
Fox, Rabbit and Hound Pups— Skunk Dogs
2-cent stamp for reply. P. L. Yarnell, Sbreve,0.
—GRAY BELGIAN HARES.
Cos Cob, Conn.
GREAT
SALE
NEW YEAR’S
AT THE
SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM, NEWARK, 0.
TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, JAN. 10 and 11, 1911
This Sale will consist of
250— Belgian, Percheron and German Coach
stallion* and Mares— 250
50 head arrived at the farm last March ; 100 head im¬
ported in August, 1910, and 100 head arrived Dec. 12,
1910. These mares have all been bred, those here to
my best stallions and the last lot to tlxe choice stallions
of Belgium and France, the majority sure in foal. The
last lot are principally mares, of the most fashionable
colors and quality unexcelled. A large majority match
perfectly; ages 2 to 4 years; all purchased by myself,
individually, when abroad last August. Every one that
expects to purchase a stallion or pair of mares in the
near future should not fail to grasp this opportunity
to secure them at prices that will prove money makers
to the purchaser. Other business interests compel me
to reduce my stock and this two days sale will furnish
a rare chance to secure the best stallions and mares of
the world. Also 40 head of fine mules will be offered
for sale. Send at once for illustrated catalogue. Sale
begins at 10 o’clock sharp each day. Barn eomfoitably
heated and fitted with fine lunch stand.
COL. G. W. CRAWFORD, Prop.
rnn CAT "C— gray belgi
rUn oALE G. E.GIESER,
WITHOUT MlLfT
| Write for Free Booklet
“ Howto Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully Without Milk
Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal— The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can he raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
Wo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1800.
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911.
The Henyard.
Some things I have found out by experi¬
ence. You cannot feed chickens of varying
ages together with much profit. The old
ones trample the little ones to death. Old
hens and pullets do better separated. As
the pullets do not need as high feeding
until nearing time to lay, each breed should
be kept apart from another. One style of
feeding does not do for Asiatics and Medi¬
terranean poultry. m. b.
Plump Market Fowls. — In breeding
fowls for market individuals should be
chosen which have small bones and plump¬
ness as a first consideration. Shortness of
leg and neck are necessary ; but these points
usually belong to the plump bird. There is
more from breeding from good individuals
than there is in any one particular breed.
We must have a good breed of course, but
its improvement depends on the selection
of the right individuals for breeding pen.
Weedsport, N. Y. b. n. h.
Mustard fob Poultry. — The foreign
correspondent of the New York Sun
says if your chickens show a disinclination
to lay give them mustard. An experiment
has been made in Wales that proves that
this condiment acts as a stimulant to hens.
The experiment was made by the vice-
president of the English Poultry Club and
it was carried on for one year. Buff Or¬
pington pullets were selected for the test.
The birds had never laid eggs and were as
nearly alike as possible. Food was served
to six birds in one pen. The food of six
birds in another pen had mustard added
to it. At the end of six months the birds
fed with ordinary food had laid 369 eggs,
whereas the birds fed with the mustard
addition to their food had laid 532 eggs.
At the end of the year the birds fed on
ordinary food had laid 914 eggs, as against
1,023 eggs laid by the mustard fed birds.
Late Hatching. — While it may be prac¬
tical to hatch chicks all Summer, we do
not do it, nor do we think it profitable for
us. In our own experience of over 16
years we find the Leghorn hatched in April
to be the most profitable for eggs, as she
commences to lay in September and will
not make any moult, which is the one trou¬
ble of March-hatched Leghorns. May-
hatched chicks will make good Winter lay¬
ers, but we have never been able to get
good birds later than May. The reason for
this may be owing to our being unable to
give them proper care, as at this season we
are rushed with our work with fruit, but
whatever the cause or reason is, we have
never succeeded in making a Summer-
hatched chicken a profitable egg machine.
New York. FLOYD q. white.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
17
Yellow Clover for Poultry.
Having a lot of yellow clover hay, I
would like to know how good it is to feed
to laying hens? L. G. w. r.
Mongaup, N. Y.
This is probably Yellow trefoil, although
there are several kinds of yellow clover.
Yellow trefoil has a composition a little
better than ordinary clover, but not equal
to Alfalfa. G. F. w.
Preserving Fish for Poultry.
I am located near a river, where I can
get a lot of fish for my poultry. How can
I preserve the fish so it will keep any
length of time? c. p. a.
Bournedale, Mass.
While fresh fish makes a good animal
food for growing chicks and laying hens,
It is not suitable for feeding market poultry
just before killing, as it gives the meat a
“fishy” flavor. Although I have never seen
fish preserved with anything except salt,
which of course would spoil it for poultry
food, I can see no reason why it could not
be cooked, dried and ground the same as
beef scrap is prepared. It should then keep
for months. c. s. g.
Alfalfa for Hens.
Will you tell me what is the general
opinion of Alfalfa as a “green food” for
laying hens, and how it is best prepared for
that purpose? D. F. w.
Newark, N. J.
Alfalfa is recognized as one of the best
green foods for laying hens that we have.
Of course it must be cut at the proper time
and cured without getting wet, or its value
will be greatly decreased. It may be cut
or ground and steamed and mixed with the
noon-day mash, or it can be mixed with the
dry mash and fed dry in hoppers. It Is
Impossible to say that one method is better
than the other, as both accomplish the
same results, so it is largely a matter of
convenience or preference which method is
pursued. c. a. G.
Gapes or Pip.
Give me a cure for the gapes or pip in
chickens. I have lost several with that
disease, and there seems to be no cure.
New York. J. z.
Gapes are caused by worms in the
chick’s windpipe. The best treatment is
prevention. Ground on which chickens
suffering with gapes have ranged becomes
infected and should not be used in suc¬
ceeding years. The trouble can be mini¬
mized by practicing rigid disinfection and
cleanliness in the coops, yards and eating
places. Feeding strong onions or garlic,
chopped and mixed with other food and
fed before the worms gain a foothold, is
beneficial in keeping down the growth and
development of the parasite. Early hatch¬
ing also is advised. Keeping the chicks on
a board floor — away from all soil, will
prevent the trouble. “Pip” is a general
name applied to a diseased and dried con¬
dition of the mouth. The common treat¬
ment of tearing off the dried portion of
the tongue is cruel and often causes death.
Dr. Salmon recommends a wash of equal
parts of glycerine and water, with 15
grains of boric acid to the ounce. This
will loosen the hardened tissues, which
may then be carefully removed.
Turkeys in Washington
On page 1160 a reader in Washington
tells of his success in raising turkeys. How
did he do it? He beats us. j‘. h. l.
Regarding those turkeys we don’t think
that we did anything unusual. I have
known better results in several instances.
•Not perhaps in price, but surely in per¬
centage. The good wife gets the honors
for the raising, having had all the care
of the little ones for the first three
months or more. To begin with, the
poults were not hatched early enough to
do their best for Thanksgiving, the first
ones only coming May 15. For the first
two or three weeks they were fed hard-
boiled eggs with chopped onion and grit,
mixing in chick food part of the time. Be¬
tween meals finely cut Alfalfa was given
freely, this brought them to the stage
where they could forage for themselves,
getting only wheat when they came in
at night. About four weeks before Thanks¬
giving whole corn was placed where they
could get all they would eat to finish them
off, though I don’t think they ate more
than 100 pounds. We give most of the
credit to the dry, warm climate. The
gobbler is a Bronze with three Bronze fe¬
males and two cross-bred ones.
Pasco, Wash. r,. a. p.
The poultry business is very limited.
Farmers do a general farm business. It is
very hilly in this locality, and land is not
in its virgin state, we lose a great amount
of fertility from heavy rain causing the soil
to wash. From some cause the fruit busi¬
ness has not been a success, mostly being
killed by late frosts. In former years a
great many sheep were kept, but on account
of low price of wool and low price of fat
wethers this is largely dropped. The price
paid by shippers for 125-pound wether is
$3.50 per 100, and lambs $5 per 100. Wool
sold at 23 and 24 cents. I am past 66
years old, and 40 years ago I have sold fat
sheep of less weight at $5 per 100. The
high cost of living cannot be placed to the
farmers’ account, as wages are high for
hired help, and that next to impossible to
secure. It seems as though farm work is
considered degrading, or work for undesir¬
able people that cannot be trusted. When
I first started on the farm to do for myself
in 1866 I could secure good help which took
an interest in the work, but it is different
now, and the cost of production is increas¬
ing. I only had a few farming tools when
I commenced, but now our barn and sheds
are all full of machinery, and repairs are
almost out of the question, and it is almost
better to buy a new machine. w. k. g.
Columbiana Co., O.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 12.
As they some¬
times are.
As “ 8AVF.-TIIF.-nOB8K"
can make them.
THIS TELLS THE STORY
Our contract takes absol utel y every parti cle of chance
out of the matter so far as the user is concerned.
This is no “say so” or “catch the unwary” sort of
guarantee ; it isa legal, binding, signed agreement to
protect purchaser. Send for copy and absolute proofs —
results — truths from business men, bankers, manu¬
facturers, breeders, and horse owners the world over.
15 YEARS’ SUCCESS. On any and every case the
kinds whore all other methods fail, it proves to have
the potential properties and power to consummate the
desired result. Whether an old, new or a serious com-
Slicnted case considered beyond hope, in using “Save-
le-Horse you are not frittering away time and money.
EXPERT VETERINARY ADVICE ALWAYS FREE.
The Citizens’ Bank of Atchison Co., Rock Port, Mo. — I have
bought several bottles of “ Savo-The-Horse." I used part of
last bottle on bay mare, lame in hind tendon, with great results.
Have had over 35 years’ experience and consider it the greatest
remedy I ever had. , W. W. Hudokss.
STAYS SOUND! THAT’S THE BEST OF IT.
Brooklyn, N. Y , Juno 21, 1910. — Just a year apo to-day X
bought or my dealer a bottlo of “Savo-The-Horse/* which I
used with great success. It cured my horse entirely ol a bone
spavin. Ho was so bad ho could not be used without danger of
my being arrested. Now it would take quite a little money to
buy him. I cannot praise your spavin cure too highly.
Thos. J. Rzanxt, 4,405 16th Ave.
Denver Colo., June 23, 1910. —I have cured one of tha
worse thorough pins on a stallion that ever was, with your
remedy, and did not uso quite one bottle. Itcertainly does the
work. Since using your modicino I am aure of ita merits.—
Respectfully, Gao. W. Williams. 1643 Marion St.
$5.00 a Bottle With Signed GUARANTEE
A binding CONTRACT to protoet purchaser absolutely in
•' „'.nsr ®nd caring any case of Bona and Bo. Spavin. Tharougb-
pin. Ring-bone (except low). Curb. Splint, Capped Back, Wiodpull.
(aaabail. Injured Tendons and all Lameness. No scar or lose of
pair. Horse works as usual. Send for copy of contract, book-
let on all lameness and letters on every kind of caso.
At all druggists and dealers, or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co. 24 Com’l ave.Binghamton.N.T.
Save Time and Seed
By Using the 50 Year
Old World's Standard
GAHOON
SEED
SOWER
Guaranteed to do more and better broadcast work
with any kind of grain or grass seed than any other
Seed Sower. Savestimeandlabor; givesbiggercrops.
Pays for itself many times over yearly, although it
Is the highest priced sower. Made of iron, steel and
brass. Lasts a lifetime. If your dealer cannot supply
you, we will deliver the Cahoon to any express
office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of $4.
Seed Sowers’ Manual tells how to save seed and
get bigger crops. It’s free. Send for it.
GOODELL CO.. 14 Main St., Antrim. N. H.
AGENTS 100% PROFIT
IN ONE
Most perfect and valuable Com¬
bination of tools ever invented. Sells
u , . . , . v « at to Farmers, Plumbers,
Machinists, Automobile Owners, in stores and the homo.
Made of Drop Forged high grade carbon steel. One agent in
Essex County, N. Y., after a 6 days’ canvass ordered 100 tools.
His profit f 100.00, Big snap for agents. Sample free to workers.
T. THOMAS MFG. CO., 2865 W.yn. St., D.yto., Ohio
IH Feed Your Stock
60 Days
foreYou
vu
Save
Your Sheep
and Lambs 9
Hogs and Horses
From Deadly Worms
Don’t stand by and let your sheep and hogs die off.
Don’t let them grow thin, scrawny and dull. Don’t let
yom profits be eaten up by worms. Every day that
worms eat at your stock you are losing a lot of money.
^ 1 11 stop this loss and prove it before you pay me a
cent. A!1. .' ask is a chance to show you how
TRADE MARK
Read These Letters
“‘Sal-Vet* is the best con¬
ditioner and worm destroy¬
er I ever used. None of the
other remedies that I havo
used in the past seventeen
years, during which I havo
been raising sheep and
lambs, compare with ‘Sal-
Vet’.
I bought a bunch of largo
frame, coarse wool lambs
that were badly infested
with stomach worms, put
them in the feed lot Novem¬
ber 20th, at an averago
weight of 64 lbs. I kept
*Sal-Vet* constantly before
them and. sold them Febru¬
ary 12th at an averago of
102 lbs.’*— Chas. A. Russell,
Wakeraan, Ohio.
“1 find ‘Sal- Vet’ to do all
you claim for it, and it does
it better than any other
stock remedy. I think I
know because I have tried
eight different kinds in the
last ten years.** — Joseph L.
Hibbs, Hillsboro, Ohio.
REG U.S. PAT. OFF.
will get rid of the worms and put the digestive organs of your stock
in such a healthy, thrifty condition, they will grow like magic— I’ll
keep them that way, because SAL-VET not only kills and expels
worms but conditions farm animals as nothing else will.
is a medicated salt, containing seven medicinal ele¬
ments that work wonders. It goes to the root of the evil— (stomach
and intestinal worms)— routes them out — cleanses the system _
aids the digestion— enables the animal to derive more nutrition
from the feetl— saves feed— puts every organ in the pink of “eon- '\v
dition ““Works a w°nderful change. Its base is salt— stock like it.,'lv*
Put it where they can get it, and they’ll doctor themselves. / cN tf
_ * A -a. .e.*
SEND ME NO MONEY
dying off you want to have finer animals— you A i
want to make more money — get more work ,'L. A*
out your horses — then send in the coupon below.
The publishers of this paper vouch for my
responsibility. You Visit nothing.
Sidney R . Fell , Pres.
The Sm Rm FeH Company “
Dept. R-R. Y, Cleveland, O.
Prices: 40 Ihs. $2.25; 100 lbs. $5.00; 200.'-^'
lbs. $9.00 ; 300 lbs. $13.00 • /A J'J' .
•/V
v° if O'
I?
(P
HI!”1'
f\ Full Stable
Horses of big, sturdy, powerful type can only be built up by
proper feeding. Whole corn and oats will not do it so well or as cheap as
a properly balanced kiln-dried, ground corn and oat feed. Whole grains
contain too much water. Sell them at good prices and buy a balanced
ration that is richer, better, cheaper. Get the best— get
A QUALITY FEED
It Makes Fat, Bone and Muscle
and keeps horses in fine fettle. Kiln-dried, always uniform, easily digested.
Contains protein, carbohydrates, fats and fibre blended by experts in exact oro-
portion for best results. To get the most out of your horses feed them right. Get
Boss Feed of your dealer. If he can’t supply you write us. Send postal for inter¬
esting folder about horses and Boss Feed.
The GREAT WESTERN CEREAL CO. E"t Chicago
MAKERS OF QUALITY FEEDS
Boss Feed, Gregson’s Calf Meal, Daisy Dairy Feed, Sterling Scratch Feed, Sterling Chick Feed
BRANCHES
Boston, New York, Pittsburg, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Indianapolis, Memphis
18
January 7,
THE RTJ RAL NEW-YORKER
“CAREFUL CONSIDERATION” CONGRESS¬
MAN GETS HIS.
It seems a shame to “rub it in” on
some of these “careful consideration”
gentlemen, yet doctors tell us the only
way to make a strong treatment ef¬
fective is to see that it really gets into the
system. Just prior to the last election
one of our readers in Pennsylvania wrote
his Member of Congress and asked him
certain questions, including the follow¬
ing:
I understand there is a movement on
foot tp put the rural delivery routes under
the old Star Route system of letting to
the lowest bidder. Would you favor such
a -plan? Will you, if re-elected, support a
parcels post measure similar to those en¬
joyed by European nations?
The dignity with which some of these
gentlemen pass out words of wisdom is
something awe-inspiring, but somehow
it does not work as it did once. Our
friend who wrote the original letter
says :
I enclose a copy of his reply. Lucid, is
it not? I was quite overwhelmed by so
much information, all in one lump.
Lucid? Well — judge for yourself.
I am not sufficiently familiar witli the
changes you desire in the rural delivery
service to state what stand I would take ;
but you may rest assured that if the serv¬
ice in this district can be improved to
serve the people better, I shall put my best
effort behind such changes. 1 am using
the greatest amount of effort to ascertain
with exactness what the people of the dis¬
trict want in regard to the parcels post
movement, and when the wishes of the
majority are known I will act to make
their wishes effective. It would be easy
enough for me to answer your questions
in the affirmative now before election if 1
considered them lightly, and it is only
because of the deep sense of responsibility
that I entertain for the office which I ask
you to give me that I refrain from making
a more sweeping declaration of my inten¬
tions.
And here comes the sequel :
I had the intense satisfaction of seeing
him defeated by 700 votes in a district
where he should have received a majority
of 4,000. Well, times are changing; and
politicians with “the deep sense of respon¬
sibility” can but sit up and take notice ;
and “my people”- will yet get what they
want.
Surely “my people” will get what they
want just as soon as they realize that
' they belong to themselves and not to
“me.” For this is one of the gentlemen
who might have been reelected if he had
been sensible enough to know how the
people felt about parcels post!
Imitation Asphalt; Cement and Coal Tar.
J. L. B. (No Address).— I have heard
that a mixture of coal tar and cement
will take the place of asphalt in roofing
a barn or shed, and prove satisfactory.
What are the facts about this?
Ans— I do not know of any instance
where this has been tried out. I should
myself doubt its success, especially if
the plan is to use the cold liquid coal tar.
The coal tar would be a long time in
becoming hard, but in doing so would
shrink in volume and this, I fear, would
leave the hardened product too porous
to shed water even if it did not become
so brittle as to be injured by cracking.
I know from actual trial that when coal
tar is mixed with sand, after the coal
tar has been boiled sufficiently so as to be
hard when cold, the sand being put into
the coal tar hot and the sand dry, giving
a stiff mortar when hot, the layer when
cold was not impervious to water. It
does not follow certainly from this, how¬
ever, that the same would be true with
coal tar and cement. The inquirer could
readily make a trial on a small scale
which would satisfy him as to the prac¬
ticability of its lying on the roof until it
becomes hard, and whether it would be
likely to be waterproof. F. H. king.
THE COW AND THE MAN.
The North Dakota College sends out the
following circular about cows :
“If a cow gives 175 pounds of butter in
a year is worth $60, how much is a cow
worth that gives 350 pounds of butter in a
year? Suppose that butter will average 25
cents the year round, and it will do better,
and that the feed is worth $40 for the
year. The first cow would give a return
of $43.75, less $40 for feed would leave
a profit of $3.75, counting that the milk,
calf and manure pays for the labor. The
second cow would give a return of $87.50
for butter and would give at least 4,000
pounds more of milk, which, at 20 cents
per 100 pounds (and it is worth more for
feed), would bring $8. The calf from fke
good cow is also worth more, but let that
go. The return would be $95.50, less $40
for feed, or a profit of $55.50 on the same
basis as the other cow made a profit of
$3.75. It would take practically 15 175-
pound cows to make as much profit as the
one 350-pound cow. $3.75 is 6.2 per cent
on $60, and $55.50 is 6.2 per cent on
$985.16. On the basis of percentage in¬
come, when the 175 pound cow is worth $50,
the 350 cow is worth $895.16. The keep¬
ing of the cows should be looked at from
the business standpoint. The poor cow is
dear at any price, but the good cow is
usually not rated at her real value.”
Our answer is that it depends on the
man in front of the cow. for the feeding
aud care is what does it. Put a purebred
cow in the hands of a scrub dairyman and
a scrub in charge of a good man and we
will back the latter. We buy fertilizers
and feeds on the strength of their an¬
alysis — or at least we ought to — but the
real test is the man who uses them. Some
farmers will waste plant food or feed. That
is why the dairy value of a cow or the
farm value of a fertilizer will depend on
the man.
H
Milch Cows on Rape.
If milch cows should be turned regularly
into a pasture where they can feed on
Dwarf Essex rape, would the rape impart
a taint to their milk? If the rape should
be cut and fed just after the cows are
milked, would such a course overcome the
difficulty? w. h. l.
Yes. where cows are pastured on rape
the milk will be tainted. Thus the rape is
better pasture for steers, sheep and hogs.
It is much like using turnips or cabbage.
When these are fed just after milking the
the milk is not tainted. The trouble is duo
to volatile oils which will pass out of the
system in 10 hours or so. Thus if fed just
after the milk is drawn those taints will
disappear before another milking.
Corn with Potatoes.
I have a small farm of about 10 acres.
The land is in good shape. I would like
to plant all I can and get the best results.
Could I plant in drill potatoes and some
small-stalk early sweet corn such as Golden
Bantam or some other small kind; plant
in hills 18 inches apart every other hill?
I wish to plant cabbage and cauliflower on
a side hill. Ought I to lime or fertilize?
I am going to manure the piece. I had
sweet corn on it this year. A. B. c.
Luzerne Co., Pa.
If we understand your question you
think of planting sweet corn in the hills
of potatoes. Unless the season is exactly
right you will not get full crops of either.
There must be an abundance of moisture
and the soil must be stuffed full of vege¬
table matter. We have tried this many
times, but with few successes. If you use
a good coat of manure the cabbage ought
to make a fair growth. We should use
lime broadcast and harrowed in.
Lame Horses.
What is the best remedy for a horse that
;s very sore in the front feet? I had a
jood team which are very sore ; these horses
;ame from the city, off hard roads.
Michigan. K-
Shoe with leather pads under flat bar
shoes. Clip hair from tendons and blister
repeatedly with cerate of cautharides.
a. ,s. A.
I*
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The Wilber H. \/VJ dEJST Save
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r
ERE’S the place where
two farmers’ sons have
built up a business of over
$100,000 a year
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
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PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Dumping Caldron. Empties
its kettle in one minute. The simplest
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READER: If you want to make money
with poultry as the Curtiss brothers are
making it, subscribe now for the FARM
JOURNAL, and get with it the new
for particulars and ask for circulan J
D. It. SPERRY & 00., Batavia, 111.
c
urtiss Poultry Dook
B
which tells how Roy Curtiss, a New York
farmer’s son, starting with a few neglected hens,
has built up at the famous NIAGARA Farm, the
largest poultry plant in the world , with sales of
over $100,000 a year.
Roy wanted to make some money. He saw
that the hens on the place were almost entirely neglected, and
proposed that if his father (a grain merchant and farmer)
would furnish the feed, he (Roy) would take care of the
flock, and supply eggs and chickens for the farm table, and all
that were left over were to belong to him. His father agreed
and Roy went to work.
In two years he was using so much feed that
his father had to cry quits, but the boy kept right on. He
had grit and “ go,” just like your father’s boys, and was
determined to succeed. He would start at two o’clock A. M.
for Niagara Falls, thirteen miles away, with poultry and eggs
to sell. His brother joined him in the business, and it grew
and grew. They took the farm, paid off the mortgage, built
and added to their plant, learning slowly how to avoid losses
and make profits. Their tender spring chickens and delicious
ducklings captured the best hotel trade of Niagara Falls,
Buffalo, and the Adirondacks, and they began to see “big
things” in the poultry business.
But they had no guidance. They had to
devise their own methods, and learn by their own mistakes.
Such a guide as the CURTISS POULTRY BOOK would
have saved them thousands of dollars and years of lost time.
This remarkable new book was written at
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fancy buildings, no ornament, but straight, solid business. Everything is
planned for months ahead. Every day shipments go off, every day money
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shipped without loss even to Kansas or Florida, is really wonderful.
This book describes fully their methods of managing incu¬
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It gives all their formulas for mixing feed for chickens and ducks at
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THE MOST PROFITABLE GENERAL POULTRY PLANT IN
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Have you use for such a book ? Then read the special offer below.
The Farm Journal ( thirty-four years old ) has over
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do it. It is now running a very interesting series, “Back to the Soil,”
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your family ought to have the FARM JOURNAL.
SPECIAL OFFER : We will send,
postpaid, the Farm Journal
for Four Full Years, and the
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cash, money order, check or stamps.
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FARM JOURNAL, Philadelphia
Cut Out and Send this Coupon
Farm Journal, 130 Clifton St., Philadelphia.
Here’s the dollar. Send the Farm Journal for
four full years, and the Curtiss Poultry Book, to
Name
P. O.
R. F. D . State.
1911.
There is no milk sold here ; a few small
dairies close to our town supply milk for
the people in town, no shipping done, as
this is not a dairy country. The north¬
western part of Ohio is mostly corn.
Leipsic, O. j. w. P.
THK RUKA1, NKW-YORKKR
19
No milk is sold in this part of the coun¬
try ; either the cream or butter is sold in¬
stead. Cream is 25 cents and butter 20
cents per pound at the present time. Wheat
is 82 cents, corn 34, and oats 25 per bush¬
el. The growing wheat is all right so far
this Winter ; is covered with snow.
Seward, Neb. w. e. w.
We have a hand separator, and we sep¬
arate our milk and sell the cream to the
Farmers’ Union. They send out a wagon
twice a week. It sold at 25 cents a pound.
Grain oats from 35 to 40 cents; wheat
80 to 85 cents ; corn 40 cents. Alfalfa
hay $10 per ton ; hay $8. A. r.
Cawker City, Kan.
Milk at wholesale is about 15 cents per
gallon, retailing at six cents per quart.
The greater part of milk is sold by dairy¬
men. There is one milk company in Ham¬
ilton that takes in about 1,200 gallons
daily, condensing a part of it, remainder
retailed. There are a few retailers who
buy from the farmers, but this is a small
part of the business. In the whole bus¬
iness the rules of sanitation are not given
much attention. There are a great many
chickens raised, and sold mostly in Ham¬
ilton, Cincinnati and nearby towns, but
few turkeys. a. m. f.
Hamilton, O.
In our vicinity there are a great many
boarding houses for Summer boarders, and
a great many of the farmers sell their milk
to them in the Summer and get from Jive
to six cents a quart. Some churn all in
butter, which always brings a good price.
In the Winter those that do not churn take
what little milk they get to creamery. If
any is sold direct to neighbors or consum¬
ers in general it is sold for five cents a
quart. Poultry is sold to the Summer
boarding houses or to the butchers, and, of
course, the price is up and down ; in the
Summer poultry and eggs bring a good
price and eggs just now are selling at 40
cents a dozen ; poultry is about 15 cents
a pound. G. w.
Ilenryville, Pa.
The milk in this locality mostly goes to
the creamery where it is skimmed, made
into butter, and the skim-milk returned.
It is hauled there by regular milk haulers
who get 10 cents per 100 pounds of milk.
We are paid according to butter fat test,
governed by the Elgin market. For the
month of November I received 32 cents
per pound or $1.28 per 100 for four per
cent milk, my milk testing 4.20. A few
farmers living near the railroad ship to
Chicago and get more, but as they nave
no skim-milk and keep no hogs, I think at
the price hogs have been the last year or
more we stand just as good a show as they
do. There is no feed for sale here ; nearly
all are short, and I have been wondering
what some of us will do before grass grows
again. Is there not some one in the corn
belt who could sell us baled shredded corn
fodder at a right price? J. C.
Kansasville, Wis.
Here milk at present retails at 6%
cents per quart. Dairymen charge this
price, farmers also where they retail it.
The retailers who buy milk I think pay
at the rate of 20 cents per gallon. Grain
from producer to consumer in our small
towns is handled on a margin of 10 cents
per bushel ; potatoes the same ; apples at
present prices around 25 cents margin per
bushel. Hay, baled at $2 or $3 per ton
margin. We of the smaller settlements
fare much better in regard to what is
called middlemen’s profits than do the
population of larger cities. The margins
that I have quoted you do not seem un¬
just, neither producer nor consumer could
'"‘kick” on these margins of profit. As we
view it the producer gets his products to
the cities cheaply enough, but once there
the prices are manipulated to the detri¬
ment of the consumer (where the popu¬
lation is dense). It remains for the cities
themselves to remedy these defects of so
large margins of profits. M. H.
Nauvoo, Ill.
Most milk pi-oduced here is shipped to
Philadelphia by the McEwen Milk Com¬
pany, who started a ci‘eamery here about
one year ago. This has some advantages
over the old way of individual shipment.
The creamery gives about Philadelphia
prices, 4% cents, less freight, which is
one-half cent per quai-t. They furnish
the cans, thereby a saving of about $20 to
every farmer per year. All cans used be¬
tween farm and creamei’y are washed at
creamery. No short cans to pay full
freight for, no lost milk in transit, no
investment in milk tickets which pay no
dividends, no expense of ice ; time of de¬
livery 1 % hour later mornings. This is
a good thing when roads are bad, especi¬
ally when blocked by snow. The railroad
service is Union Transportation Company,
lessee of a branch of Pennsylvania Rail-
ro«^, x ^eir management instructed the
milk train crew if farmers did not help
load milk on train to leave it, which was
done on some shipments which were to
go to seashore points. This matter was
carried before the State Railroad Commis¬
sion, and was decided in favor of farmers ;
the company was compelled to load all
freight which was properly tagged
Wrightstown, N. J. D. s. c.
Did You Try The NEW
Schumacher
F setting
Plan
Dairymen
Milk is sold here direct from dairymen
to consumer at eight cents per quart, bot¬
tled. Hotels are allowed a wholesale rate
of six cents per quart. There are no cheese
factories or creameries in this county.
Poultry prices are high, and fresh eggs
are scarce at 45 to 50 cents per dozen.
Storage eggs 30 cents. i. c. s.
Franklin, Pa.
The local milk market is supplied direct
from the producer ; prices are five cents
in Summer to six in Winter. The farmers
use hand separators and sell the cream to
creamery companies who have agents at
each town ; prices range from 24 cents to
30 cents, according to whether they have
competition. j. l.
Syracuse, Neb.
Gained
30 lbs .
of milk a day
from 14- cows
The Quaker Oats Co.
Chicago, Ill.
Gentlemen: — During the past
few months I have been feeding
my dairy a ration composed of
equal parts of Gluten Feed and
Distillers Grain. About two
weeks ago I left out the Distillers
Grain and began using Schu¬
macher Feed in its place and feed¬
ing just the same amount. In two
days my dairy has gained thirty
pounds of milk per day.
At present I am getting as
much as 425 pounds of milk per
day from fourteen cows. Thirteen
of these cows have been milked
since last March and April.
Themostimportantpoint to be considered
in this test is the fact that, whileSchumach-
er’s cost me $6.00 per ton less than the Distilleis
Grain, my cows actually gained in milk produc¬
tion by feeding it, and at a time when, as every
dairyman knows, it is the tendency for cows that
have been milked continuously, as long as these
have, to shrink.
Yours very truly,
J. E. Murray, Freedom, N. Y.
The Quaker Oats Co.
Chicago, Ill.
Gentlemen: — Schumacher Feed
has been a large factor in the ra¬
tion we feed our herd for the past
two years. We feed one-half Schu¬
macher and one-half Gluten Feed.
This summer our feed dealer was out
of Schumacher and we bought one ton of
bran to take its place. After feeding this a
few days we saw our cows were shrinking. A
car of Schumacher arrived after we had fed
1,600 pounds of bran. We changed directly to
Schumacher and in three days our cows gained a
ten-gallon can of milk. During one week of last
June we milked 1,600 pounds of milk a day from
forty cows, which you will note is an average of
forty pounds to the cow. This was done on a ration
of Schumacher Feed and Gluten. The strong argu¬
ment in favor of Schumacher Feed is that it keeps
our cows in good flesh while they are producing milk.
Every cow we have sold during the past year has gone
directly to the slaughter house and she has been sold
after producing a large flow of milk all the season. We
consider it a hard proposition to make milk the year
around as we do, without Schumacher Feed.
Yours very truly,
C. Haskell & Son, Sandusky, N. Y.
Did You Read Our “ Message to Dairymen”
in our previous advertisement in this paper? It is a money saver of unusual value. We told the dairy¬
men and farmers of this county how they could save $5 to $8 a ton on their feed by following a simple
feeding plan we have recently discovered. The letters above tell their own story.
Here is the Plan— Will You Try It Now ?
You, no doubt, are feeding high protein concentrates such as gluten, cotton seed meal, malt sprouts,
oil meal. Blue Ribbon Dairy Feed and other similar high protein feeds, etc. If you will combine
SCHUMACHER FEED with any of these in half to two-thirds the ration, you will not only save $5.00
to $8.00 per ton on your feed, but get far better results in both milk and “condition” of your cows
You know the prices for milk were never higher, making it especially desirable to get the fullest returns
from your cows right now. Again, the present favorable prices of coarse grains making it possible to sell
Schumacher Feed
^at or below the price of bran is another good reason why you should try this new feeding plan which saves
you money on feed cost But there are still many other advantages. Schumacher Feed which is
composed of a variety of grain by-products such as corn, oats, wheat and barley, blended
scientifically, ground and kiln-dried, furnishes just the nutrients your cows require to give
them strength and vitality with which to Btand long milking periods. It is also a tissue
builder as well as a milk maker and will put your cows in healthy, sleek condition,
ready for the butcher when dry. It is without doubt the finest feed on the market
today. Ask your dealer for Schumacher. If he can’t supply you, write us.
The Quaker Oats Com
Chicago, 11* S* A*
Schumacher Feed is Especially Good for Hogs • Try it
Is A1
$5t
VE
»$8
PER TON
I On Your Feed
INDIANA SILOS
Are recognized as the best made.
Ten Thousand now in nse on the
Best Farms in the World. More
than half of the Prize Winning
Cattle at the Big Shows and Fairs
every year are fed from the
FAMOUS INDIANA SILOS.
dJCC Our New Catalog, also
E The Silo Advocate, and
J '‘SILO PROFITS”— a 160-page
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America. Our Factories are located at|
Anderson, Ind., Des Moines, Iowa, and Kan- r —
eas City, Mo. rLg- Write for these valuable books FREE!
INDIANA SILO CO.
318 Union Building, Anderson, Indiana
ECONOMY SILO
Our simple yet perfect-fitting doors,
forming air-tight silo, entirely pre¬
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Quick, easy adjustment without
hammer or wrench. Free access.
Every silo easy to erect. Seasoned
white pine or cypress staves. Refined
iron hoops form easy ladder.
"Write for free catalogue with proof
of our claims from delighted users.
ECONOMY SILO A MFC. CO.,
Box 38-J Frodortck, Md.
Write
to-day.
MOTSINGER
GUARANTEED AUT0-SPARKER
(Better than an everlasting battery.)
Will generate current for ignition,
and electric lights, charging stor¬
age batteries, etc. Suitable for
all types and sizes of gas and
gasoline engines. LET US
TELL YOU KOW TO MAKE
YOUR own ELECTRICITY.
' ** MOTSINGER DEVICE MFG. CO.
112 Harold St., Pendleton, Ind
Quinn's Ointment
“does for the horse what no other remedy can do.
There’s not a curb, splint,spavin, wind puff or bunch
that it will not remove. Sure and speedy. Thous¬
ands of horse owners use it — Quinn’s alone. They
regard it as the unfailing remedy.
PRICE St. 00 PER BOTTLE.
At all druggists or sent by mail. Testimonials free.
W. B. Eddy t, Co., Whitehall, New York.
SILOS
The kind ‘’Uncle Sam" uses, best
and cheapest. Send for catalog.
HARDER MFC. CO.
Box 1 1 , _ Coblosklll. N. Y.
Continuous Opening
Best Materials
Braced Door Frame
Adjustable Doors
Permanent Laddei
Three Style*
Five kinds lumber
jnROSS SILO
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stave.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy
Loops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Make* winter feed equal to June
fra*s. THE’ ROSS wiil more than pay
fo* itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which give* facta that
will save you money. Agent* wanted.
Th© £. w. Boss Co.fEst.1850)
- umiu. -
Bex 13
SPBIHGi
.OHIO
For Lame Horses
, Remove-All positively cures Sprains, L
Ringbone, Curb, Shoe Bolls, Cappedt
Hocks,ahuormal growths axid lameness. "
REMOV-ALL
Sold on money-back guarantee. ’
Leaves horses sound and un-
/ scared. Lump Jaw* is cured in
less than thi-ee weeks with
Adams Rapid Lump-Jaw Cure
Easy to use. Guaranteed. Writa
for FREE TREATISE on cur¬
ing these diseases.
H. C. ADAMS MFG. CO.
Dept. 50, Alyona, Iowa
DEATH TO HEAVES
KClIf Tnil’C Heave, Cough, Distemper
II b W I U II w and Indigestion Cure, t
The first or second SI can cures heaves. The third
is guaranteed to cure or
moneyrefunded.Sl percan
at dealers, or express pre-
•*1*^ paid. Send for booklet.
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO.
years sale. TOLEDO, OHIO.
pENOAL&l
|SpA\/lN|
You can never tell when a linrse
is going to develop a Curb. Splint,
Spavin. Ringbone or a lameness.
Yet it is bound to happen sooner
or later. And you can’t afford to
keep him in the barn. Keepa bottleof
Kendall’s Spavin Cure
handy at all times. Mr. Sheppard or
Richfield, N.J. writes- “Your Spavin Cure
is a sure cure for Spavin, Splints, Ringbone,
RMH _ Lameness, etc.
| I Get Kendall’s Spavin
Cure at any druggist’s.
81 per bottle — 6 for 85.
“Treatise on the Horse”
vllKL,) — free— or write to
Or. B. J. KENDALL CO.
LEnosburg Falls, VI., U.S.A.
MINERAL
HEAVE
.REMEDY
NEGLECT
Will Ruin
YourHorse
Send today for
only
PERMANENT
ceS£ae.h^
S3 PACKAGE
will cure any case or
money refunded.
$1 PACKAGE
cures ordinary cases.
Postpaid on receipt of
price. Agents Wanted.
Write for descriptive booklet.
GREEN MOUNTAIN Cl
LOS
UE
Rutland, Vt.
HAVE MANY SUPERIOR FEATURES Ijl
GET OUR FREE CATALOG
Creamery Package Mfg. Co.. 338 West St.,
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 fourth Avenue, Pittsburg, 1%
Milk Fever Outfits.
DEHORNERS, Teat Syphons, Slitters,
Dilators, etc. Received only award
W r Id’s Fairs Chicago and St. Louis. A
Vrite for Illustrated Catalogue.
HA6SSMANN & DUNN CO.
392 South Clark Street, Chicago, Ill.
20
THE RURAL NEW - VO R K E R
January 7,
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘'protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A "narrow ration" means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
—a "wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydratjs.
A Milk Ration.
ITow can we make a ration .for milch
cows with cornstalks, ground oats, and
ground corn? How is this for milch cows?
3 0 pounds a day of cornstalks, 10 pounds
straw, four pounds ground oats, four pounds
buckwheat middlings. m.
New York.
According to the best authorities a
standard ration for a i,ooo-pound cow
should contain 24 pounds of dry matter,
in which there are 2.5 pounds of di¬
gestible protein, and 13.4 pounds of di¬
gestible carbohydrates and fat, which
gives it a nutritive ratio of 1 -.5.4. Here
is the analysis of the ration you sug¬
gest. Let us see how it compares with
the standard :
Feeding stuff.
cotton-seed before they have been fresh
at least two weeks. It is rather difficult
to understand why you picked the ears
off your corn before putting it into
the silo, as it is so much time and labor
actually wasted, to say nothing of the
expense of grinding the corn. When
it is all put in the silo together it makes
much better silage, and is much more
economical of time and money, c. s. G.
4 lbs. buckwheat mid
Dry
Pro-
Cavb:
matter.
tein.
and Fat.
. 6.
.37
3.4
. 9.1
.32
4.04
. 3.56
.368
2.272
.22
1.824
22.34
3.538
11.536
Nutritive ratio .
You will see by the above analysis
that the ration mentioned is deficient in
every requirement, and especially in pro¬
tein, where a large part of the trouble
usually comes in selecting proper feed¬
ing stuffs for a milk-producing ration.
While a cow would live on this ration
she would not give milk enough to
pay her keep. Another serious fault
with this combination is that it contains
no succulent material like silage, roots
or beet pulp. It is practically an impos¬
sibility to produce milk without succu¬
lent feed in competition with farmers
who are using something of this kind,
as the cost is increased beyond the price
obtainable for market milk. Every
dairy farmer should raise corn for sil¬
age first, and then raise clover and Al¬
falfa if it is possible for him to do
so, as thtft is the best way to get ahead
of the feed trust.
Buckwheat middlings contain 22 per
cent, protein (digestible), which should
place them among the first class of pro¬
tein feeds were it not for the fact that
being so fine they make a sticky paste
in the cows' mouths unless mixed with
a large quantity of coarse feed, and it
has been my experience as well as others
that cows do not relish them, although
some feeders claim good results from
their extensive use. I was unable to
get cows to eat more than one or two
pounds a day, and the milk yield de¬
creased when I started to feed them.
For these reasons I cannot recommend
their extensive use, but rely on cotton¬
seed meal, gluten feed, dry distillers’
grains, and oil meal to furnish the
deficient amount of protein, and in the
absence of silage I would feed dry beet
pulp. c. s. G.
Another Dairy Ration
Please give a ration from oats, cob-and-
corn ground together, silage from well-
ripened fodder, corn picked off, common
or natural mixture of hay (June, quack
Red-top, Timothy). All kinds grain and
feed for sale nearby that is lacking for a
balanced ration. w. w.
Fambridgeport, Vt.
Your home-grown feeds are all lack¬
ing in protein which must be supplied
if you expect your cows to produce milk
in paying quantities. The most eco¬
nomical way to buy protein, everything
considered, is in the form of cotton¬
seed meal, but of course there is- a
limit to the amount of this feed that can
safely be fed to a cow. Large heavy
milkers have been known to eat five
pounds or more a day when making a
record, but two or three pounds a day
for average cows is much safer to feed.
Ajax flakes contain 23 per cent, digesti¬
ble protein, or practically twice as much
as wheat bran, and as Ajax is a light
bulky feed the proper amount of protein
can be made up with it and you will have
a practical ration with a nutritive ratio .
of 1 :5.5 as follows : 35 pounds silage,
10 pounds mixed hay, two pounds ground
oats, four pounds corn-and-cob meal,
three pounds cotton-seed meal and three
pounds Ajax flakes. This ration is suit¬
able for large cows giving a full flow of
milk ; and for smaller cows it should
be reduced accordingly. Cows coming in
early in the Spring should not have much
Farmers and Purebred Cattle.
Farmers arc conservative and slow to
take hold of new things, but it is only nec¬
essary to refer to the records of purebred
stock to determine that the average pro¬
duction of purebred dairy cattle is much
greater than that of the scrub or general-
purpose cow, and, of course, the same will
apply tc the beef breeds. 1 presume that
a great many farmers in the State of New
York, as well as in other States, are main¬
taining herds of cattle at a loss ; cattle
that do not pay their hoard. The average
farmer does not keep a record of the
amount of grain and forage fed, and there
is no doubt if they were to keep a record
of it they would be astonished to see the
Joss in a great many instances. In some
localities the farmers are not so much to
blame ; the agricultural colleges have been
advocating the general-purpose cow. Of
course, that does not apply to New York
State. It was only three or four years ago
that some of the western agricultural col¬
leges seemed to be strongly in favor of the
general purpose cow. The recent dairy con¬
test in the State of Iowa, 1 think, has had
much to do with dispelling that illusion,
and it is only necessary to look up the rec¬
ords made by the purebreds and even those
that were crossed with the purebreds to
see that the general-purpose cow is far
behind the average. It is my opinion that
the farm papers, papers that are read the
most by the farmers, can do more along
educational lines, relative to purebred cat¬
tle than can be done in any other way. I
presume that the average farmer objects
very strongly to the price that he must
pay for purebred cattle, and thinks that it
is folly to pay $200 to $500 for a purebred
cow when he can buy a scrub for $60. My
experience has been that the better and
higher-priced ones are the cheaper and most
profitable, and I guess it is only by experi¬
ence that we learn these things. I have
cows that average over 550 pounds of but¬
ter fat per year under ordinary good dairy
conditions, milked twice a day. It is their
normal capacity. These are paying cows.
Ontario Co., N. Y. it. g. benham.
The Most Economical
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PEOPLE everywhere are rejoicing that at last
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cheerfully
A XI) DON’T MISS our
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The Best Separator Today
is the
U. S. Cream Separator
You do not care who invented the Cream Separator.
You want to know which is the best separator today.
The United States Separator has demonstrated
its absolute and complete superiority over all other
Separators. It holds the world’s record for closest
skimming, in fifty consecutive tests, continuing through
a period of thirty days, with the milk of ten different
breeds of cows. It was awarded the only Grand
Prize at Seattle, 1909.
Cream skimmed by the United States Separator
is used by 99io!> per cent of all creameries. They can’t
get enough U. S. Cream. We originated and per¬
fected the cream gathering system which has put whole
milk factor}' separation out of business. Not 10 per
cent, of the whole milk factories — of which a
“would-be-competitor” claims a monopoly — that were
in operation 10 years ago, are running today.
Closest skimming, easiest running, easiest to
wash, longest lived — these are the chief reasons why
the U. S. is the best separator of today. Don’t buy
any separator until you have sent for Catalog 159.
Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.
“NEW MODERN”
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CARRIERS^
Do twice the work in half the time.
THEY PAY FOR THEMSELVES.
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There is nothing bet¬
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Write for Catalog.
GL0R BROS. & WILLIS MFG. CO., 77 Main St., Attica, N. Y-
" Everything for the Barn.”
§
WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID, $8.75
for 4 Buggy Wheels, Steel Tires. With Rubber Tirea,
$15.20. I manufacture wheels % to 4 iu. tread. Buggy
Tops $5.50, Shafts $2.00, Top Buggies $33, Harness $5.
Learn how to buy direct. Catalog free. Repair Wheels,
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iPATENT SECURED OR
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The Principle
of Feeding
The man who feeds sheep, cattle or swine, so as to bring about
rapid growth and a short fattening period, never goes by guess¬
work. With him, feeding is a science based on one fundamental
principle, viz : A strong animal digestion means economical food con¬
sumption. To accomplish this — to make the digestive function of hie
feeding stock unfailingly active — he gives regular daily doses of
DB HESS STOCK FOOD
in the grain ration and reaps his reward in fat, sleek cattle, plump sheep and heavy hogs. Dr. Hess Stock Food
was formulated by Dr. Hess (M. D., D. V. S.) in response to a general demand for a digestive tonic which would
prevent failing appetite and stomach derangements resulting from heavy feeding.
This way of managing farm stock is called after the name of its originator — ‘‘The Dr. Hess Idea,”
and proves conclusively that “a poor ration, well digested, is better than the best ration, poorly
digested.” Dr. Hess Stock Food is sold on a written guarantee. It makes a milch cow increase her
mess ; shortens perceptibly the time necessary to fatten a steer, hog or sheep ; puts horses in A 1 ,
T condition and relieves all the minor stock ailments.
! iv
W
100 lbs. $5.00
25 lb. pail, $1.60
Except in Canada and the extreme West and South.
Smaller quantities at a slight advance.
Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and
Instant Louse Killer. FREE from the 1st to the 10th of each
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time by asking. Send 2 cent stamp and mention this paper.
DR. HESS & CLARK
Ashland, Ohio.
makes poultry keeping a successful venture for the man
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It acts on the digestive organs of the hen and converts the greatest possible proportion of her food into large, fuU-meated eggs,
wards off common poultry ills and pays for itself many times over. Ask vmir denier for Dr. Hess Poultrv Pan-a-ce-a.
DR. HESS POULTRY PAN-A-CE-A
Ask your dealer for Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a.
1% lbs. 25c; mail or express 40c. 5 lbs. COc; 12 lbs. $1.25; 25 lb. pail $2.50.
Except in Canada and the extreme West and South. Send 2 cents for Dr Hess
48-page Poultry Book, free.
INSTANT LOUSE KILLER JoLLS^UCE
1911.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
21
THE PAIN OF DISHORNING.
On page 1040, regarding the dishorning
of cattle, the writer says that “at least a
quarter to one-half an inch of flesh should
be included, as the horn should be cut as
close to the skull as possible.” Another
authority, I have noted, has said that
three-quarters of an inch of the hide should
be taken. The practice of dishorning, if
done properly, on older animals, appears to
be diabolical, as far as the act is con¬
cerned, and I wonder that your journal,
which is conspicuous among agricultural
papers because of its bravery in standing
for what it believes to be right, should
recommend torturing a helpless animal for
any length of time without giving it an
anaesthetic. james a. smith.
Connecticut.
This subject has been discussed over and
over again in about all of the journals “in¬
terested” in the country, and the common
consent is that it is preferable to prevent
growth of horns by applying caustic potash
to the skin just above the horn button
when the calf is but a few days old. This
causes little inconvenience and results in
a polled head that cannot be distinguished
from that of a polled-bred animal. For
beef animals the no-horn idea is best man¬
aged by using a polled bull. We are now
getting all of the beef breeds polled for
those who hate horns. Even the Short-horns
have now a polled variety, known as the
“Polled Durham,” and they are purebred,
fine beasts and mostly eligible to registry in
both herd books. The Ilerefords are estab¬
lishing a like variety and record. Despite
the possibility of having polled calves born
or artificially made to grow up hornless,
horned “critters” continue to form the ma¬
jority of our bovine stocks. What shall be
done with these? Shall we “take arms
against a sea of troubles and by opposing
end them” or shall we put up with the
nuisance of horns for the sake of saving
the animal pain in losing them? While
few people are willingly cruel they deem
it a practical necessity to dishorn cattle and
they try to do it as painlessly as possible.
It is not feasible to chloroform cattle while
operating on the horns ; the operation then
should be done as quickly and humanely as
possible. There is no excuse in slowly saw¬
ing through the butt of the horn with a
blunt saw ; nor do we think it necessary to
cut far down in the flesh or skin. The
horn should be taken off as close as possi¬
ble, else an unsightly “scur” may grow.
The operation should be done when the
horns are thin. It causes more pain to
remove the thick horns of an adult animal
and that only should be done in the ease of
a vicious bull or cow. The humane socie¬
ties of several States tried to stop dishorn¬
ing, but the practice was so general and
widespread that the attempt failed. To
make dishorning a misdemeanor would ne¬
cessitate putting castration on the same
basis, as that operation causes at least as
much pain as dishorning Docking of horses
has been made a punishable offense iu many
States and rightly so; but men continue
to trim dogs’ ears and to dock puppies with
seeming impunity. The tails of lambs also
ars docked, and unless the operation is per¬
formed properly the animals are apt to
suffer much misery from maggots. Per¬
sonally the writer does not like to mutilate
an animal, and he has never docked a horse,
nor trimmed a dog’s ears and could not be
engaged to do so. But as a commercial
proposition he deems dishorning of cattle
profitable and often absolutely necessary.
An anaesthetic should be used - in all major
operations upon animals, but it has rot
been found feasible to introduce such a
practice as regards the dishorning of cattle,
or the branding of cattle, or castration of
calves, or docking and castration of lambs,
or the slaughter of animals for food. Many
castrators of fine horses now use an anaes¬
thetic ; if the owner is willing to pay for
It and the extra help required. There is
the rub ! It costs money and time to put
animals under the influence of anaesthetics
and it is done at considerable risk of life;
therefore men object and so many a poor
beast has to suffer. Let us hope that the
suffering may be made as slight as possi¬
ble and short in duration. a. s. a.
Stimulating Milk Flow.
I have a Jersey cow about 10 years old.
She -was fresh October 7, but made no bag
until calf was three days old. I could not
dry her up. She gave a small flow of milk
up to three days before calving. She was
on good pasture all Summer. For the last
six weeks I have been feeding chopped feed
and clover hay. She has ravenous appetite
and apparently in good health. The calf
has taken all the milk from the first, and
is in good condition. She has always been
a heavy milker, and we have got from two
to five quarts at a milking besides what the
calf took. Can you tell me how to increase
the milk? E B s
A\ ean the calf and milk the cow three
times a day. Patiently massage the udder
when occasion offers and at night rub well
with brandy. See that her bowels are kept
acting freely. Twice a day give at least
one quart of warm flaxseed tea, adding half
a cupful of black strap molasses. If this
opens the bowels too much, reduce amount
of molasses. If milk does not quickly in¬
crease add to the drench twice daily a heap¬
ing tablespoonful of a mixture of equal
parts ground anise seed and fennel seed.
Feed her mixed clover hay, silage, bran,
gluten meal, a little cornmeal and a little
dried brewers’ grains. Start with one pound
of concentrated food per 100 pounds live
weight and increase the amount as milk
flow increases. Keep her from chill. Take
chill off drinking water. Keep her from
lying on cold grouud or floors. a. s. a.
Rheumatism.
I have a fine heifer 10 months old which
became stiff when she was seven months
old ; it first affected her hind legs but later
went to her front legs. I consulted a
veterinary and he thought it was due to
the heat. She has been in a large pas¬
ture with plenty of shade, and eats and
drinks well, but does not seem to im¬
prove any. Will you tell me what to do
and what ails her? d. c.
Wisconsin.
It seems likely that rheumatism maj
be the cause of stiffness ; but the heifer
might show such symptoms from rickets
affecting the bones or from tuberculosis,
which not uncommonly causes stiffness.
If she does not show the latter disease on
being tested with tuberculin, try effects of
salicylate of soda given in one dram dose
twice daily and then three times daily, if
found necessary. Stop for a time if the
medicine impairs the appetite. If any JolnJ
is enlarged or sore paint it with tincture
of iodine two or three times a week.
a. a. a.
Wart on Mule.
We have a mare mule developing what
seems to be a large wart on the inside of
the left hind leg, on the lower thigh, just
high enough so that it rubs on the abdo¬
men when fighting flies, and this keeps it
raw most of the time. What can we do
for it? The wart is now nearly half as
large as a man’s fist. T. B.
Mississippi.
The wart should be cleanly removed by
careful dissection, followed by cauteriza¬
tion. If this cannot be done, then tie a
small cord very tightly around its base and
once daily paint with glacial acetic acid
until it drops off or withers up. a. s. a.
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^AMERICAN —
SEPARATOR
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily
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BAINBRIDGE, N. Y.
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I Practical Plan Book that keeps the cost of new homes
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Lumber and Millwork for this ,n "ouses 1 & Bungalows Costing $600 to $6,000 ^S.~7nd Miii^Trk
5-Room Bungalow. $868 Every house illustrated in it has been actu- al;. 7 p u
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2321 Case St, Davenport Iowa
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Lumber and Millwork for this
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TIlarlin
12 GAUGE
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Our Factory Price and Book Prove ▲ American Harrow Co.,
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This the Biggest 1911 Value in a Harrow
w w * - Name .
Toum .
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- , . . s , . . . ... . , - - sc witn us whipping: and pounding of horses and neck- "W
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Steel Separators between blades. Long blade scrapers. These and many other Detrolt-American
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Warehouses in Many Cities Insure Prompt Delivery.
22
January 7,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
E. G. Lewis, the famous feminine
mesmerist, complains that The R.
N.-Y. misrepresents his high and noble
aspirations, so we think it may be well
to confine ourselves to some of his own
conflicting language and let him explain
the contradictions. On December 21, in
National Daily, he said:
For some time past the subscription list
of the National Daily has been growing
at an average rate of 5,000 new subscrip¬
tions per day. Nothing like it was ever
before known in journalism.
On December G in the same paper he
said :
Monday’s mail was . the largest single
day’s business ever received by the League.
It had already reached over $20,000 by
noon, when this issue of the daily went to
press.
During the same time St. Louis at¬
torneys were trying to collect from
Lewis the claims of some of our sub¬
scribers who sent him their hard-earned
savings years ago under promises of
making them rich from the profits. To
these attorneys he wrote :
The mails are rotten. We are not get¬
ting in cash enough to pay running ex¬
penses.
Lewis will hardly say that this state¬
ment misrepresents him. He will hardly
bring a libel suit on it, because he knows
that it is his own language in black
and white. Did he lie to the noble
women who are sending him money or
to the attorneys who were trying to get
back money for women who lost their
nobility according to Lewis when they
asked him to return the money they
sent him years ago under promises that
he would make them rich ? The women,
when they are sending him money, are
noble, generous specimens of woman¬
hood ; when they ask for an accounting
of it or demand its return, they become
in his terms traitors and detainers.
John A. Weitzel, of the Weitzel
Novelty Plating Company, Lancaster,
Pa., was recently arrested for using the
mails to defraud.
The Live Stock Insurance Company,
Syracuse, New York, have had two
judgments recently docketed against
them in the amount of $211.08. They
have given a bill of sale of office fur¬
niture for $125 to Robert Orely. This
for the information of several inquirers
previously recorded.
During the past year or two we have
had many inquiries about the Aremu
Mining Company and the South Ameri¬
can Gold Company, advertised and pro¬
moted by Gaylord Wilshire in his so¬
cialist magazine. These people seemed
to think that Mr. Wilshire’s securities
must be an exception to the general
class of paper and publisher's securities
that we have advised our people to let
alone. Now it is reported that these
propositions have been under investi¬
gation by Federal authorities and that
the public has contributed some $3,000,-
000. Mr. Wilshire, it is reported, has
taken up residence abroad and is not
likely to be on this side of the Atlantic
for some time. Bear all this in mind
when other publishers have great oppor¬
tunities of investment for the dear
reader. One by one the publishers who
win the confidence of their readers only
to gather in for their own purposes the
small savings of the poor, add their
testimony to our advice to let such pro¬
positions alone.
Will you please inform me what my
prospects are of making 100 per cent per
year on my investment in buying land in a
small way, land situated in New Mexico
and sold by the Western Irrigated Land
and Orchai-d Co., 47 West 42d Street, New
York City? Also please give me some in¬
formation in regard to the S. Ranch, Crys¬
tal City, Texas. g. r. e.
Vermont.
The prospects of realizing 100 per cent
profit per year on any land purchase is
to the prospect of losing the whole in¬
vestment about in the proportion of
.000,001 for the profit to 1,000,000 for
the total loss. This would be one
chance of the profit to 1,000,000,000,000
chances for total loss. Most well in¬
formed critics would say our estimate
for possible profit would be too liberal,
but figuring one transaction a year, the
repeated losses will probably cure most
of us of this kind of investment before
reaching the limit of chances. If you
have any money to invest in lands, you
will find a more profitable investment
in Vermont than in New Mexico or
Texas. If you were a resident of these
sections some promoter would be making
you tempting propositions for invest¬
ments in New England, which with
your present information does not ap¬
peal to you. In other words, promoters
always capitalize the want of informa¬
tion or ignorance of the people as to the
schemes they promote. Again we cau-
THE RURA.I> NEW-YORKER
tion: Don’t buy land anywhere until
you have examined the land and been
informed on the conditions of its en¬
vironment.
Good Housekeeping stock, six per cent,
certificate, seven per cent, shares $50.
International Ed. Pub. Co. stock, shares $50,
shares $10. Phelps Publishing Co. building
seven per cent. The preferred carries one-
half share common stock. International
Textbook Co. stock, $145 share. 10 per cent.
If these are not good investments what are?
I have a little to invest but none to lose.
New York. eeadeu.
If you want to find the value of such
paper investments just ask your bank
what they would pay you for them, if
you now owned them. No experienced
investor would put his money into such
things purely as an investment. The
first is a publishing company stock with
an authorized million dollar capital. The
company simply holds title to the publica¬
tion, which has been rented to another
company to publish, all under the con¬
trol of Herbert Myrick. In this way
the stock can be manipulated so as to
make it pay dividends high or low or not
at all, just as policy or interest dictates.
If you accept the building certificates as
a mortgage or lien on a building, you
will not get what you expect. In
effect they are notes, partaking some¬
thing of the nature of a contract, and
there is a string to the seven per cent at
that. Lewis would call them “deben¬
tures.” Suppose you lived near a fac¬
tory and wanted to sell culled apples to
the workingmen’s families, and you
would like to borrow some of their sav¬
ings at the same time. If you offer them
the apples they will compare the fruit
with apples offered by other growers,
and you may lose the sale. If you ask
them to loan you their money on notes,
they are likely to ask you for security.
Then comes your genius for business
and frenzied finance. It would be a
good stroke to borrow the money and
sell the apples all at once. So you print
up a nice piece of paper and call it a
Barn Certificate, promise to pay a _ big
rate of interest, but make sure that it is
all or partly payable in culled apples, and
make it appear an object to continue to
buy your apples. If, without your say¬
ing so in so many words, they get the
notion that the certificate is a lien on the
barn, it will only make them the more
willing to have them, and if the barn is
really in your wife’s name so much the
safer — for you. Such things work out all
right for one party to the contract; but
be careful that you are not put in the
position of the factory workman. Your
children may learn to like good apples.
In previous issues we have referred to
the other investments. When you part
with your money for an investment, see
that you get something in exchange for
it that has a ready market value and no
strings to its income. That is a rule for
a good investment. J. J. d.
A Money Making Book
About Money Making
Poultry — F REE
Write today
for "Money Mak- .
ing Poultry,” the
newest and best Poul¬
try book published. Tells
you how to get more eggs—
better quality fowl for market
—how to judge and select
breeds— how to improve stock
—everything necessary to make
a success of a big poultry farm
or small flock.
If it it a Barred Rock, Ask
if it is Pittsfield Strain
“Money Making Poultry" was
prepared by F. W. Briggs,
America’s leading poultryman,
whose breed in Maine Barred
Rocks are known everywhere.
It tells how he cares for his
flocks on the Pittsfield farm
and how he produceswinners.
Breeding and utility stock,
day old chicks, and eggs
for hatching. Write to¬
day.
Pittsfield Poultry
Farm Co.
416 Main St.
Pittsfield,
Maine.
GUAY’S SILVER QUILL White Rocks, White
Wyandottes, White Holland Turkeys and
Berkshire Pigs at bargain prices. GROVF.LAND
STOCK FARM, Box A, Groveland, New York.
Silver Spangled Hamburg, COCKERELS
White Crested Black faph
Polish and Brown Leghorn -plug moh
AUSTIN JACKSON, Mineral Springs. N. V.
I) n EGGS $1 .00 — T /eading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
L U try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
Mf Dloaeant Parm~A Breeding Establish-
lYlli riOdoulll I Q I III ment of 250 acres, de¬
voted to developing under ideal conditions the best
— S.C.W. LEGHORNS
We solicit inquiries from those in need of new
blood or foundation stock. Spring orders for Eggs
and Chicks now being booked. Splendid Cockerels
cheap during December. MT. PLEASANT FARM,
Box Y, Havre de Grace, Maryland,
THE SURE HATCH
IS MADE RIGHT
Uncle Sam never says how a thing ought to be made until he
knows. Farmer’s Bulletin No. 236 of the U. S. Dept, of Agricul¬
ture tells the right way to make an incubator and what features a
good incubator must possess. The Sure Hatch contains every one
of those features and is made exactly as Uncle Sam says an incuba¬
tor ought to be made. The _ _
Sure Ha.tch Incubator
is the only one on the market that unquajifiedly meets every requirement
of the government. It’sthc one perfect incubator.
We will send you a Sure Hatch for a 60 DAY
FREE TRIAL, pay the freight, and refund your
mcney if you are not satisfied.
Send for Farmer’s Bulletin No. 236, sent free by the
Government. Send also for the Free Sure Hatch Book.
Read the Government requirements of a good incubator,
then read the description of the Sure Hatch Incubator
and you will see why we guarantee the Sure Hatch
to hatch every fertile egg.
Write for catalog. Early chicks pay best..
Sure Hatch Incubator Co.,
Box 44, Fremont, Neb.
Poultry EXPERTS
SAY
This is tho
Most Practical
Helpful Book on
Poultry Raising
Published
We sent a copy
to every promi¬
nent poultry-
man, requesting
each to write us
their candid opinion about it. Here is just
one. We have dozens more equally as strong:
Storrs (Conn.) Agri. Exp. Station
Gentlemen I have just examined your new catalogue.
This is one of the best things of the kind I have seen.
You are to be congratulated upon the high character oi
this publication. L. A. CLINTON, Director.
It is a book that either the beginner or the
experienced poultryman will find of vital
interest, because it contains the actual ex¬
perience of the most successful poultrymen.
YOU WANT THIS BOOK
ITfC rnm Write a Post Card
II w ■ Htt ■ for a Copy TODAY
As one illustration of its valuable contents
there’s a letter from a man who, with the help
of his son, cleared $12,000 last year raising poul¬
try. Four years ago he had no experience. It
tells how to make money on the ordinary farm
with poultry — how to make money raising
ducks— how to select layers— what breeds are
best for different purposes — bow to feed,
breed, rear and hatch profitably and econom-
| ically — how to overcome disease and a hun¬
dred and one other important things. It
describes the i»ii Sand Tray
PRAIRIE
STATE
Incubators
<& Brooders
tphich are revelations In
rtificial incubation machin¬
ery. Not built on theories,
. __ _ _ but on experiences that have
proven successful and profitable. You want to read about
and investigate this season’s Prairie State machines before
you buy. Send for this book and get the most valuable poultry
raising information that
has been published. The
edition is going fast.
Send at once to insure
getting a copy promptly.
Prairie State Incubator Co.
406 Main St. Homer City, Pa.
, , , y - ,
! .< rrs -,-v ,
Hr
BUCKEYE $
50 EGG |
INCUBATOR
6
Poultry the Best Paying
Branch of Farming
The 1911 catalog by Robert H. Essex,
poultry and iucubator export,
will start you right. Improved incu¬
bators and brood ers. Read * .Why
Some Succeed Where others 1 * ail.
ROBERT ESSEX INCUBATOR CO.
84 Henry St., Buffalo. N. T.
125 Egg Incubator
and Brooder BVor©iU
I If ordered together we send
'both for $10. Freight
1 paid east of ltockies. Hot
water, copper tanks, double walls,
double glass doors. Free catalog
describes them. Send for it today.
Wisconsin Incubator Co..
Box 118, Racine, WIs.
Hatch After Hatch
Write today for our Big FREE
Book about the World’s Greatest
Guaranteed Continuous Hatchers
rVDUCDC Incubators
If I r HunO and Brooders
Get your share of billion dollars
poultry money in 1911. Guide
Book free— write for it today.
Cypher. Inenbator Co., Dept. 38
Buffalo, N. Y.. New Yolk City, Chicago, IIL
Boston, Mass.. KansMCi^1 Mo^«OAkl>ndjC&l.
_ •'STANDARD i
, ^CYPHERS INCUBATOR. 1
fir* PisoWrlnsursbJst
MAKE HENS LAY
By feeding raw bone. Its egg-producing value Is four
times that of grain. Eggs more fertile, chicks moro
vigorous, broilers earlier, fowls heavier.)
profits larger.
MANN’S L£ToEo!I Bone Cutter
Cuts all bone with adhering meat and
gristle. Neverclogs. 10 Days’ Free Trial.
No money In advance.
Send Today lor Free Book.
F. W. Mann Co., Box 15, Milford, Mass.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products Ask for prices and samples. Est. 18U
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y.
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen¬
dar for each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greioer, BOX 58 . Rheems. Pa,
LARGE TOULOUSE GEESE. White Holland Turkeys and
White Wyandotte Cockerels for sale. Prices low
for quality. E. SCHIEBER, R. 2, Bucyrus, Ohio,
W. H, TURKEYS
MBS. B.F. WRIGHT,
Kansomville, N. Y.
kUREBRED WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS.
MRS. E. J. RIDER, Rodman, New York.
FOB SALE-MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS
One-quarter wild blood. Toms weighing from 20
to 24 lbs., Hens from 12 to 14. Toms $7.00, Hens $5.00.
MRS. JOHN H. JANNEY, Brookeville, Maryland.
Pure Bred Bronze Turkeys
From Prize-winning Strains. Stamp.
MRS. HARRIET CHUM BLEY, Draper, Va.
Simple, self-regulating, complete.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchablo
egg. Sold on 40 days trial with money
back in case of failure. 150,000 in use.
If your dealer doesn’t keep them write to us. We’ll send
you our catalogue and two books, “Making Money the
Buckeye Way” and "51 Chicks from 50 Eggs,” Free.
THE BUCKEYE INCUBATOR CO., 508 W. Eusiid Avenue. Springlleld, Ohio.
Builders of Buckeye Portable Poultry Houses
Sold Cheaper Than You Can Build Thom.
Tiir PEICRRATCn HUNGARIAN AND ENGLISH
IHt UtLtBnAICU PARTRIDGES AND PHEASANTS
Wild turkeys, quails, rabbits, deer, etc., for stock¬
ing purposes. Fancy pheasants, peafowl, cranes,
swans, storks, ornamental geese and ducks, foxes,
sauirrels, ferrets, and all kinds of birds and ani¬
mals. WENZ & MACKENSEN. Dept. 10, Pheas-
antry and Game Park, Yardley, Pa.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS— Quality
Kind, Famous Lakewood Strain, Young and old
stock for sale: Hatching eggs for early delivery
SUNNY HILL, FARM. Flemington, New Jersey.
Free Poultry Catalogue
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS MARIETTA PA.
T
HE FARMER’S FOWL-Rose Comb Reds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
i. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland. N. Y.
free
ennn BROWN and White Leghorn Hens; Giant Bronze
OUUU and White Holland Turkeys. Bred for heavy
winter layers. Numbers to suit. Prices reasonable.
THE AMERICAN POULTRY PLANT, Collins, Ohio
R. G. Rhode Island Reds and Indian Runner
flnnl/e— Strong, vigorous strains for utility, show
Ulluno and export. All stock sold on approval
SINCLAIR SMITH, 602 Fifth Street, Brooklyn, New York.
Baby Chicks 10c Eaclrs?™K 'ffi?ThK2t£!
born. Can furnish in any number I am booking
orders for early deliveries. Circular free. CHAS. R.
STONE, Baby Chicken Farm, StaatsburQ-on-Hudson. N. Y.
S. C. Rhode Island Reds at the Horseshoe
Road Poultry Farm
erels. Write for prices. WM. R. BURKHOLDER.
Box 152, It. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
Tr8BLATN S, C, W. LEGHORN
FAMOUS LAY¬
ING STRAIN w. w. ... -
Breeding Hens at low price to make room. Also
promising Cockerels cheap in quantities.
8T. MORITZ FARM, RAMSEY, N. J.
DIICC DHPtf PULLETS and COCKERELS,
DU IT llUlm hen hatched, large, healthy and
vigorous. Address THE FOUR ACRES, Nutley , N.J.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
S. C. WHITE VE™ORNSmouth
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS
Now is the time to place your order for
HATCHING EGGS and DAY OLD CHICKS
Six hundred and sixty-two acres devoted to the three
breeds. All breeding stock have free range. No orders
too small or too large.
BREEDERS FOR SALE
UfUITC I CGUnDIIC We will have somo
VYnllL Ltununno promising April
AND
promising April
hatched Single Comb
White Leghorn cock-
PEKIN DUCKS St “Sirs?
hatch Barred Rock cockerels sired by 10 pound
cocks for $3.00 and $5.00 each. Remember our
strain of Imperial Pekin Ducks, Madison Square
Garden Blue Ribbon Winners, is second to none.
Have 1,000 now to select from. Orders hooked for
early delivery of hatching eggs in any quantity or
day old chicks and ducklings. Cyphers agents. Incu¬
bator 10,000 egg capacity. Correspondence invited.
Satisfaction guaranteed. The only large successful
plant in the vicinity of New York City. Bonnie
Brae Poultry Earm. New Rochelle, N. i.
1911.
23
The kuk-A-u new-yorkeh
CONTENTS
FARM TOPICS.
The Rural New-Yorker, January 7, 1911.
A Kentucky Feed Barn . 1, 2
Prices for Eastern Farmers . 2
Chemical Fertilizers . . 2
Crops on an Abandoned Pennsylvania
Farm . 3
A One-horse Farmer’s Vetch . 3
1 developing a Grass Farm . 4
The Sunflower Crop . 4
Bulk or Quality in Silage . 5
Changeable Rotation . 7
A Study of Soils . 7
Arguments for Ground Limestone, Part
II . 9
That Great Potato Crop . 9
Hope Farm Notes . .* . 10
Corn with Potatoes . 18
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Stock Sheds of Straw . 16
A Woman’s Hen Business . 16
The Henyard . 17
Yellow Clover for Poultry . 17
Preserving Fish for Poultry . 17
Alfalfa for Hens . 17
Gapes or Pip . 17
Turkeys in Washington . 17
Lame Horses . .18
The Cow and the Man . ...18
Milch Cows on Rape..,, . 18
Milk . . . 19
A Milk Ration . 20
Another Dairy Ration. . . 20
Farmers and Pure-bred Cattle . 20
The Pain of Dishorning . 21
Stimulating Milk Flow . 21
Rheumatism . 21
Wart on Mule . 21
HORTICULTURE.
Cutting Back Peach Trees . 4
School of Box Packing . 4
The Growing Season . 5
Apple Questions . . 7
Twenty Ounce Apple in Kansas . 11
Leaves on the Lawn . 11
Peach Growing in the Berkshire Hills... 11
Greenhouse Adjoining Inveiling . 11
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 14
Cleaning Flues With Zinc . 14
Painting Pantry Shelves . 14
Washing Heavy Rugs . 14
Baked Apple Pudding . 14
The Rural Patterns . 15
More About Samp . 15
A Batch of Griddle Cakes . 15
MISCELLANEOUS.
Contracts and Promises . 2
Postage in England and Canada . 2
The Marketman’s Side . 2
Protection from Electric Wires . 3
Legislation in the Bashful State . 4
Crops and Prices . 6
Successful Co-operation . 6
Rust-Resisting Iron . 7
Products, Prices and Trade . 8
Editorials . 12
Other People’s Money . 13
Events of the Week.! . 13
“Careful Consideration” Congressman
Gets nis . 18
Imitation Asphalt, Cement and Coal Tar. 18
Publisher’s Desk . 22
MARKETS
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS.
Cucumbers, best, doz.. 1.75 ® 2.00
MusQrooms, lb . 20 ® .35
Radishes, 1U0 bunches. 2.50 @ 3.00
Tomatoes, lb . 15 ® .40
DRESSED POULTRY
Chickens, roasting ...
Common to Good . . .
Guineas, spring, pair..
BUTTER
Wholesale
Retail
Creamery, fancy, lb.
. . .30
&
.31
.33^3)
.35
Good to Choice. . . .
. . . .26
@
.29
30
.32
Lower Grades _
@
.25
24®
.28
Storage .
@
.31
State Dairy, best _
®
.29
.30®
.32
Common to Good..
.. .23
®
.26
.25®
.28
Factory . .
... .22
®
.24
.24®
.26
Packing Stock .
@
.20
CHEESE
Full Cream, best....
@
.17
•17@
.20
Common to Good ....
.. .12
®
.13
.14®
.16
Skims . .
@
.12
.10®
.14
EGGS
White, good to choice. .43
®
.46
.45@
.50
Mixed Colors, best..
... .38
®
.42
.42
-45
Common to Good..
.. .25
®
212
.30® .40
Storage .
.. .18
@
.25
BEANS
Marrow, bu .
.. 2.30
@ 2.35
qt
.15
Medium .
... 2.16
®
2.20
Pea .
@
2.20
qt
.15
Yellow Eye .
.. 2.15
®
2.20
Red Kidney .
.. 2.90
®
2.95
WhiteKklney .
.. 3.10
® 3.15
CIDER VINEGAR
Prices charged in N.Y.
by wholesale dealers
for single barrellots:
Extra Choice Old, gal. .22 ® 224
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
Apples, evap. fancy... .12 ® 13
Evap., com. to good. .06 @ .11
Sun Dried . 05 @ .07
Raspberries . 28 @ .30
Cherries . 15 ® .18
_ FRESH FRUITS
Apples, Ben Davis, bbl 2.00 ® 4.00
King . 2.00 ® 4.75
Greening . 2.00 ® 5.50
York Imperial . 3.00 ® 4.75
Baldwin . 2.00 @ 4.50
Western, box . 1.25 @ 2.25
Cranberries, bbl . 7.00 @10.00
Pears, Kieffer, bbl . 1.50 ® 3.50
Strawberries, Cal., pt.. .25 ® .45
Florida, qt. . 75 ® .90
VEGETABLES
Potatoes,
N. Y. State, 180 lbs.. 1.37 @ 1.62
Long Island. 180 lbs.. 1.50 ® 2.00
Bermuda, bbl . 4.00 ® 5.00
Maine . . . 1.40 ® 1.60
Sweet. Jersey, bbl. .. 1.00 @ 2.75
Anise, Southern, bbl.. 3.00 @ 3.50
Brussels Sprouts, qt... .10 @ .18
Beets, Southern, bbl.. 3.00 ®
Carrots, bbl . 1.00 ® 1.50
Southern, bbl . 2.50 ® 3.00
Cabbage, ton . 12.00 ®14.00
.15® .17
.09® .13
Celery, doz .
.25
.60
Chicory, bbl .
2.25
(4
4.00
EscaroT, bbl .
. . . ,
3.00
®
4.00
Endive. French, lb
.15
®
Cauliflowers, bbl..
2.00
®
7.00
Kale, bbl .
.90
®
1.00
Kohlrabi, South’n.
bbl.
4.00
®
5.00
Lettuce, 5^-bbl. bkt
1.25
®
3.50
Peppers, Southern,
bu.
3.00
®
7.00
Onions, OrangeCo.,
bag
1.50
®
2.25
Conn. White- bbl
2.50
®
4.00
White pickle, bu.
.75
®
1.00
Peas. Fla., bu .
®
9.00
Komaine, South’n,
bbl.
3.00
®
4.50
String Beans, bu. . .
2.00
9.00
Spinach, bbl .
®
4.00
Squasn. bbl .
1.00
®
1.75
Turnips. Rutabaga,
bbl
.75
®
1.15
White, bbl .
. . . V
1.00
®
1.75
each .03® .05
.21
®
.22
.23® .26
.16
®
.20
.18® .23
.17
®
.18
■19@ .22
.13
@
.16
•15@ .18
.23
®
.25
12
@
.15
15® .18
.12
®
.17
.14
@
.17
.16® .20
- 2.00
®
4.25
.65
@
1.10
• UESSED MEATS
.12
@
.12^
.08
®
.10
5.00
®
7.00
•to h>®
.11
.99
®
.10
.14
@
.17
Roasting Pigs, lb...
HAY AND STRAW
Quotations for large bales.
Small bales sell 50 cents to SI. 00
per ton less.
Hay, No. 1, ton . 21.00 ® 22.00
No. 2 . 19.00 ® 20.00
No. 3 . 16.00 ® 18.00
Clover Mixed . 13.00 ® 19 00
Clover . 12.00 ® 17.00
Wild Hay . 9.00 ® 10.00
8traw, Rye . 10.00 ® 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 ® 9.00
LIVE STOCK.
Prices given are for top market grades per 100
pounds in the markets named.
f Oalveg
Steel's. Best. Poor. Sheep.Lambs.Hogs
New York . 6.65 10.50 6.00 4.00 6.60 8.40
Buffalo . 6.75 10.50 7.00 4.00 6.00 8.30
Pittsburgh . 6.40 9 00 4.25 6225 8.25
Cincinnati . 5.75 . 3.75 6.00 8 10
Chicago . 7.25 8.00 6.50 4.40 6.60 7.75
Kansas City .... 6.50 8.25 5.00 4.00 6.25 7.56
GRAINS.
The prices given are for large sales of No. 2
quality in the cities named:
-Wheat.'
Hard
Win-
Bar-
Spring.
ter.
Corn.
Oats.
Rye.
ley.
New York....
.$1.16
.98
.52
.38
.81
.90
Boston .
• • •
56
.40
Philadelphia.
. . ,
.95
.50
Baltimore. . . .
.96
.50
Buffalo .
. 1.10
.95
.50
.35
.88
Chicago .
. 1.02
.94
.46
.31
.80
.75
Minneapolis .
. 1.01
.42
.29
.76
.80
Duluth .
. 1.01
.31
.74
.76
Kansas City.
. . •
.96
.46
Winnipeg . . . .
. .90
..
• •
• •
• •
• •
$7|0 or $50®2
For a Cream
Separator— Which ? A
SHARPLES
Tubular
Cream Separator
will run for ten years and then
be a good, serviceable machine
for many more years. A stand¬
ard size of Tubular separator
costs $75-00, or $7. 50 per year for
ten years, and you will still have
a good separator left
You can buy a (so
called) cheap sepa¬
rator for $50.00, the
average of life of
which is one year.
You can buy another
the next year,
and so on until
you have spent
$500.00 in ten years ; —
$50.00 per year. Which
do you want ? You can
own and use a Sharpies
Tubular Cream Separator
for less than any other
separator built. We
guarantee it. Shall
we tell you how ?
Write for
1911 Cata¬
logue No.
*53.
30
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, III., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ora.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.
MONTROSS METAL SHINGLES
Wear three times as long as wood shingles and
composition roofings. Fireproof. Ornamental. In-
, extensive. Catalog. Montross Co., Camden, N.J
IRH FlirmCFOR SALE <IHEAP, in fertile
IUU I Cl I 111 O Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
TJICK
Highest Grade— Sanitary
Not a particle of wood about them.
Quick to open — Quick to close —
Quick to please — Quick shipments.
Ask for 1910 Catalogue.
_ BOWEN & QUICK, Mfry. Auburn. N.Y.
THE PERCHERON SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Has just increased its capital stock to
$100,000. 10,000 shares of $10 each. 3,000
shareholders. Nov. 28, 1910. 100 breeders
have taken membership since Dec. 1st.
Ninety-five per cent of the Percheron
breeders of America record with the
Percheron Society. « * » * »
Information pertaining Fercherons -f urnished. Address
WAYNE DINSMORE, Secretary,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill.
FOR SALE— Finest Orchard in Best Apple Section— 7,000
trees. George Wharton, Cruso, Haywood Co., N. C.
Boston Produce Go.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St., - Boston.
DE LAVAL
Cream Separators
/87S-/9//
Over 30 Y ears of Cream
Separator Leadership
The first successful cream separator was perfected and
patented by Dr. De Laval in 1878.
The DE LAVAL was the pioneer. It was first in the
field and for over thirty years it has
maintained its leadership against
any and all comers.
The DE LAVAL has always been
the acknowledged leader in making
cream separator improvements, its
development has revolutionized the
dairy business and done more than
anything else to make dairying
profitable.
So completely is the superiority
of the DE LAVAL recognized by
creamerymen and those who make the separation of
cream and making of butter a business, that 98% OF
THE WORLD’S CREAMERIES USE THE DEL AVAL
TO THE EXCLUSION OF ALL OTHER MAKES.
In cleanness of skimming, quality of cream separated,
ease of operation, simplicity of construction and dura¬
bility the DE LAVAL is in a class all by itself.
The more you know about cream separators the more
you will appreciate its superiority, and whether or not
you start with one SOOXER OR LATER YOU AVI LL
BUY A DE LAVAL.
The De Laval Separator Co.
165-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
42 E.
Madison Street
CHICAGO
Orumm & Sacramento Sts
SAN FRANCISCO
178-177 William Street
MONTREAL
14 & 16 Princess Strset
WINNIPEG
1016 Western Avenue
SEATTLE
WANTED— A working farm foreman about March 10
who has had practical experience with poultry
and frnit farming. Married man, no children, wife
to do housework. Write fully as to experience,
age and references, stating wages expected. Farm
located 22 miles from New York on Erie Railroad.
H. A. BENNETT, Bluffton, Indiana.
TT7 A IVT'ETA — A Partner experienced in Truck
A Cl! Farming. I will furnish land
and capital. Address "PARTNER,” care R. N.-Y.
WAMTPfl agents to sell farmers’ account book.
IlHlllLU Rasy to sell. Big inducements. Act
Quick. Address. L. R. SYPHKRS. Ft. Wayne, Ind.
AWNLAN1) FARM’S White and Buff Wyandottes,
^ Indian Runner Ducks. Famous "Win and Lay”
Strains. All stock subject to approval. Price-List.
0WNLAN0 FARM, Box 497, South Hammond, New York.
Cav Coin- Six years’ issues of Rural New-Yorker,
rUI udlC 1903 to 1908 — one year bound. Address
G. Minnitt, 1339 Washingt’n St., Grand Haven, Mtch.
Carm fftr Pont near Salisbury, Maryland. For
I Q I III I U I itwlll lull particulars address or call
On SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury, Maryland.
pnp CAI p— FINE Carolina Plantation, 709
lUn OHLL acres; large house, three barns;
artesian water. Three large pear orchards, all In
bearing; 200 pecan trees. Near Savannah, Ga.;
cheap. Water facilities to northern markets.
Will sell as a whole or in smaller farms. For
further particulars address A. H. STODDARD, JK.,
General Delivery. Savannah, Ga.
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE in the finest fruit
n growing and trucking section in tiie world;
fertile soil and fine climate: also a beautiful water
front farm with timber. For full particulars ad¬
dress SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury,
Wicomico County, Maryland.
LET US TAN
YOUR HIDE.
Cattle or Horse hide. Calf, Dog. Deer,
or any kind of skin with hair or fur on.
We make them soft, light, odorless,
wind, moth and water proof, and make
them into coats (for men or women)
robes, rugs or gloves when so ordered.
Your fur goods will cost you less than
to buy them, and be worth more. Send
three or more cow or horse hides in one
shipment from anywhere east of Den¬
ver and we pay the freight both ways.
Get our illustrated catalog which
gives prices of tanning, taxidermy and
head mounting. Also prices of l'ur
goods, and big mounted game heads
we sell.
The Crosby Frisian Fur Company,
571 Lyell Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS.
Furs are high. A fact which you are all probably ac¬
quainted with. But the question is. Are you getting
highest market value for yours ? Remember we do not
charge any commission; pay all express charges: will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory will return and
pay all charges. Don’t you think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing ; For
further information write for our free price list and
Trappers’ Guide. Make us a trial shipment today.
Abrahams Fur 8 Wool Co., Fur Merchants, Seymour, Wis.
Eggs, Poultry, Meats, Produce.
Shipments solicited. JELLIFFE, WRIGHT 8 CO., Com¬
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York.
Dl.KASK semi a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
1 mission House in New York. Kst. 1838. Butter,
Eggs. Poultry. Pork. Calves. Hay. Grain. Beans,
Appies. etc. I'.. It. WOODWAltli, 802 C.-eetmiel. st., n. y.
Raw Fur Prices
are going to be up and down tlii< winter. Some
heavy stocks carried over will probably affect the
market. We keep our shippers posted by special
bulletins all through the winter. We give you the
top price because we post you about the rises and
falls. Send your name to get on our bulletin list.
Shipments to us at the right time bring best money
and quickest returns. KANN & COMPANY.
41 K. 10th Street, New York City.
SHIP
YOUR
GEO
PIGS and CALVES
- TO -
. OLIVER & COMPANY
Established 1850
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
WEST WASHINGTON MARKET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
PROMPT RETURNS
Hnlidav Poultry Poultry, Calves, Hothouse
nuiiudj rouiiry Lambs, Fancv Eggs
Ship to W. H. COHEN 8 CO., 229 Washinoton St., New York.
GKO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,
Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Appies, Peaches, Ber
ries Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms
andHot-house Products a Specialty. Consignments
solicited. 34 & 36 Little 12th St.. New York
You can shove ensilage out ofthe unobstructed,
continuous door front of a ITnadillnSilolS cents
a ton cheaper than yon can pitch it up 3 to C fl.
over cross-bars on an ordinary silo.
Unadilla Silo doors shove up — most others
push In, making it necessary to feed to the
bottom of these doors before they can be opened.
Non-breakable lugs, cold rolled over threads on
end of steel hoops — '4 stronger than ordinary
cut thread hoops. Write for 25 Reasons Why.
Kxtra discount for early orders, Agents wanted.
UNADILLA SILO CO., Rox R, I rmdillu, N. Y.
Good Farms
All over New York State.
- - Low prices and reasonable
terms. First-class markets. Low taxes. Catalog
free to buyers. NORTHERN REALTY CO., Syracuse, N. Y.
24
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
January 7, 1911.
A Wonderful Building Offer
Out Great 1911 Price Wrecking Sale
Brand New Lumber and Building Material
HOW WE OBTAIN
OUR SUPPLIES
We purchase at Sheriffs*, Receivers and
Manufacturers’ Sales, besides owning out¬
right sawmills and lumber yards. Usually
when you purchase your building material
elsewhere for the complete building shown
here, it will cost you from 50 to 60 per cent
more than we ask for it. By our “direct to
you” methods we eliminate several middle¬
men’s profits. We can prove this to you.
Write L Is For Facto
OUR BINDING GUARANTEE
This Company has a capital stock and surplus of over
$1,000,000. We guarantee absolute satisfaction in every detail.
If you buy any material from us not as represented, we will take
it back at our freight expense and return your money. We rec¬
ognize the virtue of a satisfied customer. We will in every
instance “ Make Good.” Thousands of satisfied customers prove
this. Ask any Bank, or write to the publishers of this paper.
Our Responsibility is Unquestioned
CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING COMPANY
EVERY STICK OF LUMBER
IS BRAND NEW
Our stock consists of Brand New Material
and any statement to the contrary is false and
purposely misleading. Get our Guaranteed
Quotation, delivered Free of Freight Charges
at your home station. You run no risk, as
every item is guaranteed to be exactly as
represented. A positive saving of from 30
to 50 per cent by our “ direct to you”
methods. Let us prove this to you.
Let Us Make You an Estimate
Steam and Hot Water Heating
1 We furnish complete Hot Air, Hot
Water and Steam Heating Plants of every
kind. It makes no difference -s« rr
whether it is an old or a new
building, we can furnish ma¬
terial at real “Wrecking
Prices." Our Special Heat-
* - ing Booklet, which we send
free to those interested, tells all the,
facts and gives much valuable inf or- 1
mation. Send us sketch or diagram of
your building or home and we will
make you an estimate.
Steel Roofing , Siding, Ceiling
Economical and easy to put on, no
previous experience necessary ; abso¬
lutely guaranteed, brand new, clean
stock— bright as a dollar. Ik inch
corrugated, unpainted steel sheets,
light weight, 22 in. wide, C 1QCJ
6 and 8ft. long. 100 sq.ft..
Painted, same as above . $1.95
lk inch corrugated, galvanized,
rust-proof .steel sheets, light
weight 22 to 24 in. wide, <£3.25
2 to 7 ft. long. 100 6q. ft . , „
freight at these prices to all
mlncdTrce?^
Mill Work
New Material Only
We have on hand at all times
hundreds of thousands of items of mill
work of all kinds. Can furnish any¬
thing from a single item of adoor to a
carload of mouldings. The stock is
hero where you can inspect it before
purchasing. We are prepared to fur¬
nish complete House Bills on short
notice. Send us your list for our Est i¬
mate naming you delivered prices.
Following are some of our low prices. _
Front Door. 2 feet 8 inches by 6 feet 8
inches by 1% inches. No. 10B425 . $-.30
Frame forsame, soft pine. No. 10A99.„r — l.So
Interior Finish forsame, clear yellow pine. ^
24x28, 2 -Light Window, glazed. No; 10A7T- 1.05
Frame for same, soft pine. No. 10A100B.-- 1.35
Interior trim for same, clear yellow pine. 3Q
Barn SMlTIxioITfights glazed. No. iOA86„ .45
Thousands of Other Bargains
fli> Pressure Water Works
Modern Air'Pressure
Water Supply Systems
at prices ranging from
$48.00 to $200. They are
strictly new, first class
and complete in every
detail. It makesnodif-
ference whether you
live in the country, you
can enjoy every city
comfort at 1 ittle ex¬
pense. Why not inves¬
tigate this? WTe are
ready to furnish you
with all the facts free
of charge. All material
fully guaranteed. We
also have a complete
stock of Pipe, Valves
and Fittings at 40 to60<
saving. Gasoline en¬
gines at low prices.
Buys the Materia!
to Build This Barn
Our Joist Frame
Bam
Rawhide Rubber Roofing
Fire, hail and weatherproof. Not
affected by heat or cold. Recom¬
mended by fire underwriters. 108
ft. to a roll, with large headed
nails and cement for laps. Re¬
quires no coating after laying.
Price per roll:
1 Ply. Guaranteed 6 years, $1 .22
2 Ply. “ 9 “ 1.49
3 Ply. “ 13 “ 1-71
Freight paid to Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Wisconsin, Ohio and Michi¬
gan. Write for delivered price to
other States and Roofing Book.
Samples mailed free.
Roofing, - -
Purpose Barn ever designed. _ _ _
sidering the excellent quality of the material.
This Barn was planned and designed with great care to use all material to the best
nna,i i,i,, Advantage and without waste. Tills means economy In first cost and labor.
P We can SUDDI? tills' BtunS in six different sizes, all of a uniform width of 36 feet.
Tlio above quotation covers a Barn 36 feet wide by 48 feet long and 18 feet high, be¬
ing our n£ 22L The Construction Is sound and solid, of Joist Frame Style, easily lmllt.
«s the self-suDDorting type. No posts In the hayloft. Ample provision Is made
for light and vlntilaUon. rhe interior Stable plan can be arranged to suit the individual
mireliaser. and Is not included in our price. . . , .
P This Barn has been buUt again and again and is a success from every standpoint.
& 6
O
W 1
Blue Print Plans , $2
For $2.00 we wilt furnish complete
Blue Print Plans, Specifications and Ma¬
terial List for this barn or any House or
Barn Plans shown in our Plan Book,
which is sent you free for the asking.
This amount Is deducted from your pur¬
chase price. Note the additional sizes
of this Barn and the prices at which we
furnish same.
Send Us Your Lumber
Bill for Our Freight
Paid Estimate
Builders 9 Hardware
Marvelous opportunities .to save
money on hardware furnishings for
vour homo. Our stock consists of
Door Locks, Hinges, Push Plates,
Window Bolts, Springs, Hangers,
Sish Weights, Sash Pulleys, Sash
Cord, Latches. Wardrobe Hooks and
nil of the most modern manufactur¬
ing and first class in every respect.
Wo can save you from 30 to 50 per cent.
This stock is fully illustrated and
described in our mammoth Catalog
which we will send freo tor the ask¬
ing. Write today.
Sizes and Prices
No.
Size
Ht.to
Plate
Ht. to Top
of Roof
Price
221
36x 48
18 ft.
38 ft. 6 in.
$523.00
222
36x 64
18 ft.
38 ft. 6 in.
651.00
223
36x 80
18 ft.
38 ft. 6 in.
770.00
224
36x 96
18 ft.
38 ft. 6 in.
901.00
225
36x112
18 ft.
38 ft. 6 in.
1023.00
Our Free Book of Plans
This is the handsomest book of designs
ever produced. Explains our wonderful build¬
ing offer whereby we sell at a given price the
complete bill of material to construct houses,
cottages, barns, etc. We are leaders in our
methods and our complete proposition is the
most enterprising building offer ever pre¬
sented. Fill in the coupon shown in this ad
and we will send this “Book of Plans ”
Cement Building Block Machine
$13.85 for a first class prac¬
tical cement building block
machine. Blocks8x8xl6 inches.
You can make whole, half
and quarter blocks. Turnout
100 blocks a day. Ten days
free trial given to every one.
We furnish either single or
double core flasks. Oper¬
ates so easily a boy can un¬
derstand it and use it without
previous experience. This
machine is the mostfor the money that can be se¬
cured; isafactory in itself. Send for freo catalog.
Lumber
Flooring. 1x8, 10 to 20
ft., No. 2 Southern Price per 1000
Pine . $17.50
Extra Star A. Star Red Cedar Shingles — 3.00
2x4, 10 to 16 ft.. Hemlock Sized - - 16.00
Fencing, 1x5, 10 to 16 ft.. No. 1 White Pine 20.00
Bough Barn Boards, White Pine, No. 1
Grade . - . 30.00
Southern Pine. No. 1, 1x12. 10 to 20 ft..
dressed _ _ _ --r- 24.50
Drop Siding, 1x6- B and Better Oregon Fir 28.50
Drop' Siding. Southern Pine No. 2 Grade. 16.00
Battens O. G. Clear Oregon Fir . 6.50
Ceiling, No. 1 Southern Pine _ 14.00
Sheathing Boards, Hemlock, White Pine
or Southern Pine . ----- JQ.00
Roof Sheathing, 1x4, 10 to 16 ft. No. 2 Pine lo-OO
Lap Siding, 4-inch Clear White Pine -
Shiplap, Hemlock, No, 2 Grade - 1 < .OO
Modern
Fire-Proof
Steel
Buildings
We furnish buildings made entirely of steel,
suitable for factories, barns, warehouses, machine
shops, foundries, storage sheds, auto garages at a
saving of from 30 to 50 per cent. _
Sizes range from 18 ft. to 50 ft. in width and 20
ft. to 200 feet in length.
Necessary plans and specifications of these
buildings free with order. These plans show ex¬
actly where each item in the bill of material is
used in the building, each piece of steel being
numbered in the Material List and correspond¬
ingly numbered on the Plans, greatly simplifying
the erection of the building and at a great saving
in the cost of labor.
Write us for description and prices.
High Grade Plumbing
Enjoy the comforts of a City Ho
all the advantagesof the modern baT
room, laundry and kitchen. Water
in abundance in every part of
vour home. No excuse for you to
j,e without one of these Bystems.
The expense is very small.
We will loan you tools and give
you complete instructions so yon
can install the system yourself.
Strictly new and as
good as anyone sells. We
ave everything needed
in plumbing material.
Our prices mean a saving
to you of 30 to 50 per
cent. We can easily
prove it if you will give us a chance.
90c buys our special flat
rim, cast iron, white en¬
amel kitchen sinks. Price
includes strainer and coup¬
ling. $5.50 buys an enamel
bath tub. $10 for a cast
iron, roll rim. white enamel
bath tub. $9.50 for our
white enamel low down tank
water closet, complete outfit.
Iron pipo at mill prices.
FELL OUT THIS COUPON ^
Chicago House Wrecking Co.
I saw vour Page Advertisement in The Rural New-Yorker.
[ am interested in the following items:
FREE your Large Illustrated Catalog. Also
owing additional: (Cheek off Rooks you want.)
Send me - „ .
send the following additional:
Book
of
Plans l
Heating
and
Plumbing L
Roof¬
ing
Book
I 1000
Page
JCatalogL
Mr Name
Town - . .
R.F.D. ■
. P.O.Box-
Roofing Book Mammoth Free Catalog Heating and Plumbing
A most valuable book filled with in¬
formation regarding all kinds of Steel
Corrugated and Ready Roofing. Ex-
- amples, diagrams and in¬
structions on how to ap¬
ply all kinds of material,
Roofing, Ceiling and
Siding, exterior and in¬
terior finish. Every
home builder should
have one of these
books. It will cost you
nothing. Write today.
The Greatest Price Wrecker ever
produced. A book of 1,000 pages, profusely
illustrated. A demonstration of what the
Chicago House Wrecking
Co. stands for as a bargain
center. It’s such a book as
every buyer of merchandise
must have in his or her pos¬
session. It shows what vast
lines of merchandise are se¬
cured by us at Sheriffs’,
Receivers* and Manufac¬
turers* Sales. It con¬
tains a description of our vast
stock of Furniture, Cloth¬
ing, Dry Goods, Boots and Shoes. I ill in the
coupon shown elsewhere and tell us your needs.
A book devoted exclusively to the
Heating and Plumbing question goes
into every detail so thoroughly re¬
garding Steam, Hot Water
and Hot Air Heating that
you will know exactly what
you can expect: from the
system you select. The
heating capacity of our
plants are figured and
determined by expert
■engineers and are absolutely
guaranteed. You run no risk.
Chicago House Wrecking Co. 3Sih & ,ron Sts- Chicago
County-
. State ■
HOT
Special low prices for immediate orders. Owing to a manufacturer’s financial difficul
ties, we have recently made a tremendous purchase of Hot Bed Sash which we must move
at once. These sasli are first class in every respect and guaranteed equal to the best of
lieir kind manufactured. We have these both in Western Soft Pine and Louisiana Red
Cypress. All clear, bang up, bright and brand new clean stock. Size 3 ft. x 6 ft., 1% in.
thick. Glazed with 4 rows of clear 7 in. glass. Frames made in the best workmanshiplike
manner, strong and of lasting construction.
ORDER A.T ONCE, THEY
Western Soft Pine, single lots . ®*°n
Western Soft Pine, lots of one dozen or more . i
Western Soft Pine, lots of 50 or more . ®“®£
Louisiana Clear Red Cypress, single lot.. . . MV ,
Louisiana Clear Red Cypress, lots of one dozen or more .
Louisiana Clear Red Cypress, lots of 50 or more. . . vv ®~® \\
Onen Sash Western Soft Pine . 65 cents each less than the price on glazed sash
Open Sash! Louisiana Red Cypress . 70 cents each less than the price on glazed sash
WIXjIj NOT LAST LONG
Vol. LXX. No. 4081.
NEW YORK, JANUARY 14, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR.
THE STORY OF ALFALFA.
How to Get it Going.
1 have a piece of land, about four acres, I wish to
into Alfalfa. The land is level and
of limestone nature. Tell me how 1
must go about it to get a good stand,
when to sow, and where I can get
the seed. m.
West Virginia.
The opinion seems to be prev¬
alent that Alfalfa cannot be suc¬
cessfully grown in the Eastern
part of the United States. Our
own experience, however, on the
cold, heavy, non-limestone clays
of Northeastern Ohio has led us
to believe it can be made a prof¬
itable crop almost anywhere. Cer¬
tain soil conditions are absolutely
essential, but where these are not
naturally found they may all be
provided. These conditions are,
first, a dry soil ; second, a sweet
soil; third, a soil filled with cer¬
tain bacteria which live and work
with the Alfalfa plant; fourth, a
clean soil, and a fertile soil.
DRAINAGE.— Alfalfa is pre¬
eminently a dry soil plant. By
nature it is deep-rooted, and a
soil that holds water, so that for
even a short time after heavy
rains it stands . full of water, is
unfriendly. Unfriendly is too
mild a word to use in that con¬
nection. It is death. For Alfalfa
roots, fitted by nature for a deep,
dry soil, simply cannot grow in a
water-logged soil. A soil that
heaves by freezing is not suited
to Alfalfa, for it cannot do other¬
wise than pull up or break off
the long tap roots of the Alfalfa
plant. Not to mention the ordi¬
nary benefits which come from
drainage, I think we see the ab¬
solute necessity of it for Alfalfa,
so that unless the soil is naturally
well drained, thorough and deep
artificial drainage is the first
preparation. Better give it up
than to sow on wet, soggy land.
LIME FOR ALFALFA.— It is
a significant fact that the natural
Alfalfa soils the world over are
the strongest lime soils. Another
fact well established and equally
significant is that the attempts to
grow it on non-calcareous soils
without liming, have almost in¬
variably resulted in failure. I re¬
cently met a man from the West¬
ern Ohio oil regions, who gave
me this remarkable testimony as
to the value of lime for Alfalfa.
He wished to seed to Alfalfa a
field of very rich black loam, in
the center of which a dry hole
had been put down for oil the
year previous. The white sand
drillings of the limestone rock
beneath were in marked contrast
with the black soil of the rest of
the field. He said he gave the soil special preparation,
and fully expected to get Alfalfa on this fertile field,
except around the well. He did not think it could
possibly grow in that raw limestone sand. To his
very great surprise, the Alfalfa grew strong and rank
in the limestone drillings around the old well, but
jet was a total failure on the rest of the field. On our
BEGINNING EARLY AT THEIR JOB. Fig. 11.
GENERAL PURPOSE u- MILK; BEEF AND SADDLE. Fig. 12
own .soil Alfalfa was a failure until we limed thor¬
oughly. Since then it has grown luxuriantly. It re¬
quired two tons of caustic lime per acre to sweeten
our soils sufficiently to enable it to grow Alfalfa.
INOCULATION. — The next necessity is inocula¬
tion. Many still laugh at the idea of inoculation, but,
however foolish it may seem to those who have not
studied the question, it has
been proven beyond doubt that
a certain bacterium must be
present in the soil to live with
and work with (supply nitro¬
gen to) the plant before Al¬
falfa can make a profitable
growth. Of course if this par¬
ticular form of bacteria is
present in the soil, inoculation
is not necessary. But in re¬
gions where this crop has never
been grown, the chances are
that it is not present and
must be introduced. In our
own work we did not succeed
until we procured soil from an
old Alfalfa field and applied it
to our field. In speaking of
inoculation it might be well to
state that strong sunlight will
kill bacteria, and if the inocu¬
lating substance is spread over
the surface of the field on a
sunshiny day, and not at once
worked into the soil, the bac¬
teria may be killed, and no
inoculation effected. It is a
good plan to drill the inocu¬
lating material into the soil
with the grain drill, thus put¬
ting it down into the moist soil
where it will come most com¬
pletely in contact with the
Alfalfa roots.
A CLEAN SOIL.— The
next necessity is to rid the
soil of weeds. While it is
true that on properly prepared
soil, Alfalfa grows very fast,
yet we must remember that it
is not native here — not at
home. We are taking it out
of its chosen environments
and asking it to grow under
somewhat unnatural condi¬
tions, and it need not be sur¬
prising if it is unable to do
battle with the weeds, which
are at home in their chosen
environment. Many a promis¬
ing stand of Alfalfa has grown
discouraged and given up be¬
cause it could not compete
with the native weeds. It is
therefore only giving the' crop
a fair chance when we thor¬
oughly clean the ground of
weeds before sowing.
FERTILITY.— The next re¬
quirement is a fertile soil.
From our own experience we
are led to believe that if the
above requirements are met,
Alfalfa is no more exacting as
to plant food than other
crops. But it is a crop of
great value, and one so ex¬
pensive to start, that having
gone to the expense of meeting the necessary re¬
quirements, it is wise to provide the plant food nec¬
essary for a luxuriant growth. If the field to be
Lie
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
seeded to Alfalfa is not naturally well drained, the
first thing to do is to drain it. It will be useless to
attempt it otherwise. Two or three months before
plowing I would give it a dressing of good manure.
Plow in the Winter or early Spring as deeply as the
soil will permit, i. e., without throwing up too much
crude subsoil. Then unless sure of an abundant lime
content, I would apply at least one ton of caustic
lime or two tons ground limestone per acre, and
work well into the soil. Stir the ground every 10
days until July. You will then have a fine firm moist
seed bed and all troublesome weeds killed. I would
get soil from a field that is growing Alfalfa success¬
fully, and apply evenly 200 pounds per acre. Work
it into the soil with as little sunshine on it as pos¬
sible. Unless the field is very fertile I would give
it a liberal application of those elements of plant
food which your experience has taught you the soil
requires. I would use steamed bone as a carrier for
phosphoric acid. Any favorable time in July, sow
15 to 20 pounds of clean Alfalfa seed to the acre,
and then watch it grow. If soil and weather condi¬
tions are favorable 15 pounds of seed or even less
is enough. If conditions are not all favorable I
would use the larger quantity. You can get the seed
from any reliable seed firm. Your experiment station
will probably examine the seed for you, and, if im¬
pure, tell you how to clean it. Perhaps all this seems
like an undue amount of fuss and bother to get the
crop started. But it is far better to go to a little
extra expense in starting the crop and succeed, than
to half do it and fail. If you feel that you cannot
lose the use of the land the first year, you might
raise a crop of early potatoes; give them clean cul¬
ture and seed to Alfalfa after digging. But you will
probably be ahead in the end if you let the Alfalfa
have the benefit of all that the field is capable of
doing. ALLEN.
Ohio.
THE PRODUCTS OF AN ACRE.
We are frequently asked this question: What
are the actual results of the practical work¬
ing of an acre of ground, and how much
can be produced on the same ? Theoretically
this question may easily be answered, but
practically it will be necessary to show the complex
character of the subject, but it is quite natural to
assume that it will depend somewhat on the man and
methods. From a life experience in the market
garden I am fully convinced that those who arc the
most successful in producing large and profitable
crops are men who practice high farming and use
intensive methods. And if this term has any definite
meaning at all it should be used only to express the
idea of a farm or market garden so managed that
the soil is rich enough to produce maximum crops
every year, provided there is a system adopted of
crop rotations quite generally used in successful mar¬
ket gardens, and by this I mean a judicious rotation
of crops to avoid the loss of the great quantity of
manure that is necessarily used, thus giving us con¬
fidence in the substantial value of the soil for double
cropping, and this is an essential requisite. Agricul¬
ture is an art, and must be followed as such. Sci¬
ence will help and help enormously, but it will never
enable us to dispense with industry or the experience
we attained by untiring application. Chemistry
throws great light on the art of cooking, but it does
seem as though a farmer’s wife can roast a fowl
better than a proficient chemist. The writer is well
acquainted with some very practical men eminently
successful in the art of growing great crops, who do
not believe there is any real chemical necessity for
a rotation of crops and that the notion is unfounded.
A few years ago it was not considered safe to plant
potatoes on the same soil two years in succession,
but since those days it has been shown that po¬
tatoes can follow potatoes and corn can follow corn,
and immense crops can be grown each succeeding
year, provided we practice inter-cropping with Crim¬
son or Red clover, and use the necessary manure and
get the soil clean and in the right mechanical condi¬
tion. The clover takes from the soil the manurial
value the potatoes did not use or require, and natur¬
ally prepares the soil for the potato the following
Spring. Under former conditions this would have
been lost. Without wandering too far from our
subject the point I am trying to show is this; that
a well-managed market garden or farm where the
soil is made exceedingly rich by using large quan¬
tities of manure and avoiding loss of the same by
regularity in crop rotations is to the proprietor what
a well-equipped plant or manufacturing industry
would be; always dependable, reliable and capable of
producing maximum crops. The manure therefore
has given the soil a substantial value, and is regarded
as a permanent improvement. The planter has confi¬
dence in his* soil and under normal conditions feels
quite sure what his acres will produce, whereas, if
he is to depend on commercial fertilizers and chem¬
icals to accomplish these results he would have to
labor under many agricultural uncertainties, prob¬
ably due to inferior brands of fertilizers, mislead¬
ing analyses, and many testimonials from sources
pre-eminently unreliable. Testimonials to patent fer¬
tilizers should be considered about as reliable as
testimonials to a patent medicine. The analyses we
get with our fertilizers and the analyses of plants
do not afford a sufficient trustworthy guide to the
practical farmer and market gardener. It is the
actual trial we make in the field that is convincing,
and there agricultural value is measured by the
benefits received from its use.
While I am not a special advocate of artificial man¬
ures, except under certain condition, yet we have
seen on different occasions large crops produced with
them, but we have no assurance of the condition of
the soil after their first use, or in other words, we
do not get from their use what the soil is capable
of producing in double and companion cropping. And
it would therefore seem unfair and misleading to
attempt to show by the extravagant use of fertilizers
and manures what can be grown in one year regard¬
less of labor and expense, on a single acre,
and that the method would entail a great
waste of fertilizer is highly probable, beside
rendering the practice impractical. When a success¬
ful market gardener undertakes to grow a good patch
SPRAY OF MER.SE RE AU BLACKBERRY. Fig. 14.
See Ruralisms, Page 39.
of early cabbage he knows there is little to be
gained by consulting the analysis of the cabbage. He
simply fills his fertile soil full of horse manure to
the extent of 75 tons to the acre. He understands that
the crop requires exceedingly rich soil and by using
this heavy application of manure, he has supplied
whatever the cabbage crop will require, and also the
crops that are to follow. About 16,000 plants can be
grown on an acre and 25 tons, or about 500 barrels,
of cabbage can be cut from the same, and the aver¬
age' price will be about one dollar per barrel. Now,
on referring to Prof. E. Wolff’s table on the cornpo-
January 14,
sition of the cabbage we find that 25 tons of cab¬
bage have taken only 20 per cent, of the nitrogen and
phosphoric acid the 75 tons of manure contain. We
also see it has taken a very large per cent, of potash
and lime. Now, in this case we must endeavor to
follow the crop of cabbage immediately, with some
crop that has the power of taking up the large quan¬
tities of nitrogen and other plant foods that will be
left in the soil. Experience has taught us that celery
is a great feeder and requires great quantities of
nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and is perhaps the most
profitable to follow the cabbage; 20,000 stalks can be
grown on an acre under such favorable conditions,
and the price for the same will average $2 per hun¬
dred stafks, or $400 for the crop. The amount thus
produced on the one acre at a low estimate will sell
for $900. Of all our ordinary market crops the
early cabbage and celery entail the most labor and
expense, and I think we may safely assume that
when $350 is deducted from the foregoing figures for
expenses, we have quite a handsome profit Jo our
credit. This is somewhat less than what may be
shown in well equipped market gardens with irrigat¬
ing systems in practical use, and more intensive
methods applied. The practical working of an acre
need not, however, be confined to cabbage and celery.
We have found the strawberry quite reliable and as
a rule profitable, when well done, but on rich soil
where great quantities of manure are used they will
not give as good returns as some of the vegetable
crops unless we practice companion cropping. If we
plant in the Spring the plants may be set three feet
apart in the rows that are placed three feet apart ;
between each two plants of strawberries set two well-
grown lettuce plants, the plants will then all stand
one foot apart in the rows and can be cultivated by
horse-power. An acre so planted will require 4,s00
strawberry plants and 9,700 lettuce, or about 14,500
plants in all. The lettuce will be fit to cut before
the strawberries begin to run or make plants. Early
lettuce usually sells for not less than $3 per hundred,
amounting to $275 for the crops. After the lettuce
is off the strawberries will grow very fast, and will
be entirely too thick if allowed to run at random.
We usually space the plants, allowing each parent
plant to produce six or eight strong hardy off-sets.
These will form a matted row 20 inches wide; an
icre thus grown will contain about 33,000 plants at
the proper age and size and should yield S,000 quarts
per acre, the following June these will be choice
berries and should command nine cents per quart, or
$720 for the crop. We have long been of the opinion
that it seldom pays to fruit a strawberry bed the
second year where the soil is in a high state of
cultivation for growing vegetables. Therefore we
usually plow under the plants and their heavy mulch¬
ing, and plant with celery as before described in this
article. Radishes are sometimes drilled in between
the rows of celery to good advantage, and at to is
time of year usually sell for $1 per 100 bunches.
These will be out of the way by the time the celery
requires much attention. This crop will add about
$100 to the products of the acre for two years,
amounting in all to $1,500 or $750 a year. The labor
and expenses on these crops will be about $300 a year.
Now if we grew a crop of strawberries in the usual
way they would occupy the ground two years for the
one crop and to realize the same returns as we get
by companion cropping with vegetables as I have en¬
deavored to show, the strawberries would have to
yield 16,000 quarts to the acre. This is an unusual
amount, and in our belief a practical impossibility.
Successful market gardeners must get great crops oi
they cannot pay their expenses, and such crops can
only be grown on very rich land. It should be un¬
derstood that some crops require much more labor
than others, and should never be grown unless the
land is capable of producing a maximum yield per
acre, or a close approximation to it. As a rule the
least paying crops are those which require the least
labor per acre.
T. M. WHITE.
u. .
A report from Consul Frank D. Hill, of Fran.<-
fort, Germany, states that German bankers are to
fight bucketshops, which are places where irrespons¬
ible stock jobbing or gambling is done.
One of the first steps taken was a conference held in
Berlin between the directors of the Bankers’ Association
and representatives of the leading newspapers. It is
understood that in the future the press and the Bankers’
Association will work hand in hand. The press will gi\e
all possible publicity to the association’s fight against
bucket shops and the association will place experts at
the disposal of the press, particularly for reporting legal
proceedings against bucket shops.
In this country a good share of the papers would
want to know how much if any “graft” was in it for
them. Take the recent case of Burr Bros, and simi¬
lar swindlers. They never could have robbed the
people as they did if the newspapers had not adver¬
tised and boomed them.
1911.
27
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
POTATO GROWING IN CALIFORNIA.
Every Winter for 10 or 12 years past potatoes
have commanded a good price in the California mar¬
kets, even some years when the crop was large the
price was fair. Many wiseacres believe this tuber
will never be what was called cheap in this State
any more. This is owing, I presume, to the fact
that the potato-growing sections are limited, and more
especially to the fact that the number of consumers
is constantly increasing, as has been shown by the
rapid growth of the ^State's population. There are
good spots where potatoes can be grown in California,
but there is too often a lack of water. One of the
best sections for the growing of this vegetable is in
the Salinas Valley; yet, recently, the crop has not
been as largely grown as formerly, ow¬
ing. largely, to the fact that sugar beet
growing is superseding it. Around Al¬
varado, in Alameda County, there were
many fine potato fields on the washed
or made lands about the mouths of
Alameda creek. There being another
beet-sugar factory here, the oldest in
the State, if not in the United States,
this tuber has given way to the beet,
though some wise farmers rotate now
and then with potatoes. In the same
county, up on the hillsides above the
town of Niles, the earliest potatoes in
the State are produced — Winter tubers
smaller than hens’ eggs that bring fancy
prices. But the number of growers are
few and the acreage rather limited. On
the semi-sand hills of the peninsula
south of San Francisco, many hundreds
of acres of potatoes are grown annually.
All through the truck gardens south of
the metropolis and extending well down
into San Mateo County, are gardens
where intensive cropping is practiced.
tatoes from the Salinas country and also about Alva¬
rado, heretofore mentioned. But the tubers are large
and are liked by hotel and restaurant keepers. Usu¬
ally they do not command as high a price, though
I believe in a fairly dry year many of these tubers
are as fine and mealy as the best from other places
which have a higher reputation for quality.
I have often wondered why more gardeners did not
grow larger acreages of potatoes. Some say that in
years past many farmers lost heavily by growing this
vegetable; those years were years of plenty and low
prices. Many thousands of tons were piled along
the levee where they were allowed to rot, as it did
not pay to ship to the bay cities. But the times have
changed. V Idle there are still some white gardeners
institution. If this is so, it has set a pace that surely
many white folk will be called upon to come up to,
if not go beyond. Of course, Mrs. Phcebe Hearst’s
benefactions are so large as to be perhaps, unap¬
proachable.
When the Spring of 1910 came, stories were afloat
that George Shima was going to surpass his former
rake-off in the potato market. Rumor had it that he
was out securing large acreages of land below Stock-
ton and that he was going to plant townships of
potatoes — that he had already secured 4,300 acres of
splendid soil, and was buying potato seed wherever
he could get it. But just how many acres he did se¬
cure or how many he planted, he was discreet enough
to keep to himself. But now comes the story from
Stockton that this potato-manipulator
will surely clear $200,000 on the crop he
raised, as well as on what he was able
to corner. But he is said to deny that
he has been trying to create a corner
in the tubers. His crop was unusually
large and, consequently, he had plenty
to make him wealthy at the present
price of this vegetable in the coast mar¬
kets — from $1.25 to $1.50 per hundred¬
weight, wholesale, right on the river
bank. The report of this man’s large
profit last Winter spurred others to
plant more largely than hithertofore, so
they, too, are reaping a good crop of
coin for their trouble. w. a. pryal.
California.
CALIFORNIA TRUCK GROWER’S HOME. Fig. 15
Never a trucker goes to the big city but he returns
with a heaping load of manure, carefully enveloped
in cloth coverings. Nearly all of these vegetable
gardeners are Italians; they work their holdings for
all there is in them, yea, and even more, it might be
said.
But withal there are so many potatoes grown near
the big cities of San Francisco and Oakland, still,
far from sufficient is produced to supply the de¬
mand. It is to the lands of the islands, and along
the shores of the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers,
mostly the former, that
the great supply of this
vegetable comes. Even
then, some years, thou¬
sands of tons come from
the far North — Oregon
and sometimes Wash¬
ington. But I am quite
sure California would be
able to supply all her
home demands if it were
not for the fact that a
large part of those sent
to the San Francisco
market are exported —
they go to the islands
of the Pacific, and even
across the ocean. Some
years, I am told, big
shipments are made to
the Philippines.
The islands and some
of the land along the
big rivers of California,
are ideal potato lands.
Much of it was origin¬
ally covered with rushes
or, as we call them here,
tide. The filling of the
rivers by the constant washing of debris from the
hydraulic mines in the mountains, caused the rivers
to fill up inordinately, and in seasons of big freshets,
either caused by excessive rains or by sudden and
rapid melting of the snow in the Sierra Nevada
Mountains, the rivers would overflow their banks. At
times these overflows have been as beneficial to the
gardener as the annual overflow of the Nile is to the
Egyptian soil cultivators. Much of the tide land was
turned from marsh wastes into fruitful garden spots;
at other times garden spots, especially up near the
foothills, have been made barren wastes by the wash¬
ing upon them of rock and gravel. But to the low
lands only the finer silt was conveyed, all of which
in time made the best of garden soil. The value of
these island-gardens soared up into fabulous prices,
as they became in great demand. Some of the finest
asparagus land in the world is found on these islands
and along the river banks on the mainland. Generally
the potatoes are not considered so good as the po¬
on these islands, they are fast being crowded out by
Chinese and Japanese gardeners, mostly the latter.
They pay big rentals for land in this famous garden
section. Last year one of these Japanese gardeners
jumped into the commercial limelight by clearing in
a single season an hitherto unknown fortune out of
potatoes. FI is clearings were reported to be $25,000.
He was at once dubbed the “Potato King of the West.”
Whether he swelled up with conceit or not, I never
learned. I know, however, that he felt his impor¬
tance as a good citizen of the world, and at once
A HANDY GATE FASTENER.
The season for repairing farm gates
will soon be at hand, and some gates
will require new fasteners. A durable
gate fastener that will receive the gate
when slammed and hold it securely, as
well as one that can be operated from
horseback and yet cannot be lifted by stock, can be
made and applied by a blacksmith or any one of a
mechanical turn. It is made of two pieces of common
flat iron b, one inch wide, each 14 inches long, shaped
in manner shown in Fig. 13, swung at c by means
of a 3j4-inch bolt through a piece of bar iron, a,
114 inch by 1^4 inches in diameter, eight inches
longj plus diameter of post to which it is fastened
by a nut on the threaded end, the portion which
passes through the post being rounded. The ends, d,
may be either welded together or fastened with a
bolt and a loop may be
arranged onto the bolt
to assist in lifting the
fastener, shown in de¬
tail by /. Gate is shown
in closed position by e.
An iron plate, g, may be
fastened to gate where
it .strikes fastener to
save wear on gate.
Texas, victor laradie.
AN ALFALFA PLANT GONE TO SEED, SENECA CO., N, Y. Fig. 10.
came to live in a civilized community. He purchased
a fine house on a corner of one of the high-toned
residential streets in Berkeley, not far from where I
live. At first the people in the neighborhood raised
objections to having a Japanese living in their midst —
those Berkeley people are somewhat exclusive, though
nearly every last one of them will hire Japanese help
in their homes to the exclusion of white help. At any
rate, George Shima, for that is the potato king’s
name, held his fort and at once proceeded to make
it one of the attractive spots on College Avenue. He
hired gardeners from the Flowery Land, and a veri¬
table Japanese garden soon surrounded his home.
Some one must have given the potato king the hint
that to be a good denizen of the University City he
could not do better than to bestow a goodly por¬
tion of his newly-acquired potato-money upon the
university. Just as to the truth of this I am unin¬
formed, but rumor had it that he sent a check in the
sum of $2,000 to the Agricultural Department of the
ALFALFA SEED IN
NEW YORK. — F. R.
Stevens sends us the
picture shown at Fig.
16, this page. We have
seen specimens of Al¬
falfa plants grown near
Geneva that were well
covered with strong
seed. Mr. Stevens says :
“I am enclosing here¬
with a picture of Alfalfa
thoroughly gone to seed.
It is growing between a
double fence surround¬
ing a garden, and -has
not been cut for some
years. The taller man in the background of the
picture is fully six feet high, and he is standing on
a level with the ground at the roots of the Alfalfa.
From within a foot of the ground to the very top,
this Alfalfa is loaded with seed and has been so
loaded for the past two or three years. This may
tend to disprove two theories of the growing of Al¬
falfa in this State; one that Alfalfa will not seed in
the East, and the other that the allowing of Alfalfa
to mature materially weakens it. The picture was
taken in Cayuga County, New York, along the Lehigh
Valley Railroad.”
Suppose you got just what you deserve — no more and
no less. Would you be better or worse off than you are
now?
One of the earliest medical fakes was Issued nearly
300 years ago. It was a secret remedy for falling hair.
When the price was paid the victim found that he or she
was advised to use the fat of a rat as hair restorer!
It was said that the Chinese really used the remedy.
28
THE RURAIj NEW-YORKER
January 14,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
teparate piece of paper.]
Different Forms of Lime.
E. L. IF., Kingsley, Pa. — I am offered
ground marl at railroad station at $8.50
per ton, with 80 cents off if sacks are re¬
turned. The company guarantees 56 per
cent actual lime. Is there any advantage
in buying this when hydrated lime can be
bought for $8 and lime screenings (from
best masons’ lime) can be had for $5 a
ton? Is the marl lime any safer to use
than caustic lime, or more available, i. e.,
does it act on the soil same as caustic lime,
or is it more of the nature of ground
limestone?
Ans. — It will depend on the analysis
of the marl. Some marls contain potash
and a small quantity of phosphoric acid,
and the value of these substances should
be counted in. If the marl contains
only 56 per cent of lime and no other
plant food we should prefer the hydrated
lime at $8 per ton. The marl is of the
nature of ground limestone, and is most
useful under the conditions which we
have often pointed out.
The Size of Nut Seedlings.
II. IF. 8., So. Framingham, Mass. — I have
on a farm in southern New Jersey a piece
of ground, that owing to its shape, is not
conveniently worked with a horse, and
think of planting it with walnut, chest¬
nut and hickory, etc., as a small nursery.
How long will it take for these to grow,
say one inch in diameter at butt of stem,
from seed planted in rows, and would a
special fertilizer push the wood growth
enough to pay to use it? The hickory
grows naturally in woods close by, but
have not observed its rate of growth.
Ans. — In my experience Black walnut
seedlings have reached the size of one
inch in diameter by the end of the sec¬
ond year’s growth; the chestnut would
attain the same size at the age of three
years; and the hickory I expect would
require require four years’ growth at
least to become one inch in diameter.
We have done no experimenting with
fertilizers on seedling trees of this sort,
but I should expect unleached wood
ashes to give the best results. Of course
the growth can be forced by the use
of nitrate of soda, blood or tankage, but
I doubt if the cost of these materials
would justify their use. I think waste
land cannot be put to better use than
to the growing of nut trees as contem¬
plated by your correspondent.
c. P. CLOSE.
Md. Agricultural College,
R. N.-Y. — We should be careful about
planting chestnuts on account of the
fungus disease which is rapidly destroy¬
ing trees in New Jersey and eastern New
York.
Vetch for Ohio Soil.
IF. .4. M., Delaware, O. — I see some writ¬
ers claim that vetch is as good a fertilizer
to plow under as clover, and that if
sown in September in favorable weather,
will cover the ground in Fall. What do
you think of it for central Ohio for potato
ground 1
Ans.— There are two vetches capable
of living over Winter, one being Winter
vetch, Lathyrus hirsutus, said not to be
hardy north of Washington, D. C. ; the
other is Hairy or Sand vetch, Vicia vil-
losa ; long grown in Russia, Germany
and France. It has been tried in many
parts of the United States with good
results. Hairy vetch has been tried in a
small way in southern Ohio both as a
Spring and Fall crop, and with some suc¬
cess, but as all the vetches require warm,
light, well drained, sandy loam soils
for their best development, they will
likely not prove satisfactory on our
rather heavy clay loams. John M. Jami¬
son has grown vetch with rye for sheep
and hog pasture, but in the main he
depends upon clover and rye. As a cover
crop vetch should prove satisfactory, es¬
pecially on well-drained soil suitable
for potatoes or truck, and W. A. M.,
Delaware, O., will find vetch or vetch
and rye sown in early September an al¬
most ideal soil cover and renovating
crop, should his soil conditions suit.
About one bushel of seed per acre should
be used, drilled or broadcast, and may
be sown from the middle of August to
mid-September. Vetch requires about j
six weeks of good growing weather after
seeding, but after getting a start stands
drought and extremes of temperature
well. It is probable that W. A. M.
could use Crimson clover to advantage
also. w. E. D.
Hillsboro, O.
Keep Lime from Strawberries.
J. J., Sicklerville, N. J. — Can ground
lime be spread on strawberries at this time
of the year to profit, and how much to the
acre ?
Ans. — Do not spread the lime on
strawberries. You will do more harm
than good by doing so. The strawberry,
like the cranberry and blueberry, pre¬
fers a sour soil and will do best in
such a soil. Lime will sweeten the soil,
and if too much is used the straw¬
berries will not do well. Use lime for
clover, Alfalfa, wheat or grass, but
keep it away from strawberries.
LIME AND SULPHUR INJURY.
The lime-sulphur mixture is likely to
take the place of Bordeaux Mixture as a
spray for controlling many fruit diseases.
Some x-eports of injury from the use of
lime-sulphur are reported, and it is well
to know the reason for it. Prof. II. J.
Whetzel, of Cornell, gives the following
statement of some experiments in this line :
“Mr. Wallace’s experiments and obser-
vations on this question indicate, first,
that heavy drenching is a common cause
of foliage injury ; second, that much of the
burning of apple foliage" this year follow¬
ing the application just after the blos¬
soms fell was due to previous scab in¬
fection of the leaves ; third, that arsenate
of lead is the only insecticide that we
yet know which may be used in the lime-
sulphur with safety. It not only decreases
the burning but actually increases the
fungicide value of the mixture by 50 per
cent. Fourth, that injury to the fruit and
foliage by lime-sulphur is much less serious
than that caused by Bordeaux under the
same conditions. Fifth, that the addition
of lime or the presence of sediment does
not materially affect the burning qualities
of the lime-sulphur one way or the other.
Sixth, that cultivated, vigorous trees will
withstand foliage injury bettpr t«ian trees
in neglected orchards.”
Acetylene Refuse — Pig Manure.
Is the residue from an acetylene gas ma¬
chine of value or a detriment to the soil?
How does pig manure compare in fertiliz¬
ing value with other manures? f. g. w.
Maryland.
This residue is lime — much like good
limestone, and can be used wherever lime
is needed. Pig manure varies somewhat
according to the amount and quality of
bedding and absorbents used. Generally It
is about 20 per cent richer than cow
manure and more available, since it is
worked over and is finer.
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers ; they enrich the earth and
those who till it.” — Adv.
MAULE’S SEEDS
ONCE GROWN ALWAYS GROWN
is the reason why lor many years past I have
done such an enormous seed business. 79,430
customers in Pennsylvania alone, with almost
half a million the world over. My New Seed Book
for 1911 is a wonder; contains everything in
seeds, bulbs and plants worth growing. Weighs 12
ounces; 600 illustrations, 4 colored plates, 176
pages. Any gardener sending his name on a
postal card can have it for the asking. Address
WM. HENRY MAULE
1707-09-11 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa.
am^^m^Send 5 cents ( stamps ) and mention this
raJHB paper and I will enclose in the catalogue
™ a packet of seed of the above choice pansy.
Every American Planter knows that
Btirpee’s Seeds Grow!
BUT— do YOU know ui/ry they are the Best Seeds that can be grown for planting
in 191 1 ? Our address is W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Burpee Buildings,
Philadelphia. Send us your address, and we shall mail, without cost, a copy of
The Leading American Seed catalog for 1911, a bright New Book of
174 pages that tells The Plain Truth About THE BURPEE-QUAUTY SEEDS.
VISIT OUR
EXHIBIT OF
EASTERN GROWN APPLES
We have on exhibit during January at the Reading; Terminal Market, Philadelphia, ear loads
of Eastern grown apples — Winesap, Ben Davis, York Imperial, Stayman’s Winesap, Albemarle
Pippin and others to show what can be grown in the East. George H. McKay, mgr. of exhibit
We also have a car load of fruit and ornamental trees showing we can grow trees.
WE HAVE AT OUR NURSERIES:
100.000 GRAPE VINES- Concord and Moore’s Early
200,000 PEACH TREES-100 varieties
200,000 APPLE TREES— 100 varieties, 1 and 2 years
50,000 PEAR TREES— 1, 2 and 3 years
50,000 CHERRY TREES— 1 and 2 years
a nd a large acreage of other shade and ornamental trees all of
which are in tine condition and ready for immediate shipment.
(’an we talk business? If you intend planting stock in the
spring, won’t you kindly fill out the attached coupon and
mail same to us today? V on do not place yourself under any
obligations whatever by doing this, but I should be glad to
have the opportunity of giving you our prices.
New catalogue, on how to grow fruit in the East FREE.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Berlin, Md.
__10 VALUABLE FARMS FOR SALE —
20,000 PLUM TREES— 1 and 2 years
500.000 CALIFORNIA PRIVET-all trades
10,000.000 STRAWBERRY PLANTS
100,000 NORWAY MAPLES
100,000 NORWAY SPRUCE
r
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Berlin, Md.
Name - - -
Town _
State _
tercsted in the following for spring planting-
County _
_ I am in-
I
REASONS WHY
BLANCHARD’S
ARE THE BEST
BECAUSE
BECAUSE
BECAUSE
BECAUSE
BECAUSE
BECAUSE
SOME
LION BRAND Lime-Sulphur
Solution
LION BRAND Bordeaux Mixture
LION BRAND Pure Paris Green
LION BRAND Arsenate of Lead
of
Blanchard is the OLDEST manufacturer
agricultural sprays iu the world.
Blanchard is the LARGEST manufacturer of
agricultural sprays in the world,
Blanchard is the only firm whose exclusive bus¬
iness is manufacturing sprays and insscticides.
Blanchard is the only manufacturer of a COM¬
PLETE LINE or agricultural spi aye.
Blanchard’s are the most PERFECTLY
EQUIPPED factories in the world.
Blanchard uses his own improved processes
and makes nothing but insecticides and sprays,
BLANCHARD PRODUCTS
LION BRAND Kerosene
Emulsion
LION BRAND Whale Oil Soap
LION BRAND Insect Powder
LION BRAND Powdered Tobacco
Every successful grower knows he must spi-av to have
an orchard constantly increasing in value and earning
capacity.
it's simply a question whose spraying materials to use.
Those who know will have none but BLANCHARD 'S
LION BRAND, because of their scientific formulas,
perfection in manufacture, and dependable uniformity
in quality and effectiveness. Buy from your local dealer
or write to us and refuse to allow any one to substitute
any other brand.
LION BRAND PRODUCTS ARE GUARANTEED UNDER THE
INSECTICIDE ACT OF 1910 BY
THE JAMES A. BLANCHARD CO.,
522 Hudson Terminal, 100 Broad St.,
New York St. Joseph. Mich.
PeachTrees
fine, stocky, hardy, grown
on the bank of Lake Erie.
Free from borers and other
diseases. All kinds of Fruit
Trees in large supply. Head-
uarters for Ornamentals.
D acres in Hardy Boses,
none better grown. The Best
Flower and Vegetable
Seeds. 44 greenhouses of
Everblooming Boses,
Palms, Ferns, Ficus, Gera¬
niums, and other things too numerous to mention.
Mail size postpaid, safe arrival and satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Immense stock of 8UPEBB CANNA8, the
queen of bedding plants. Acresof Pmonlas and other
Perennials. No. 1 Catalog, 112 pages, for Fruits and
Ornamentals; No. 2, 168 pages, for Seeds and Plants.
Both FBEE. Direct deal will Insure you the best
at first cost. Try It. 67 years. 1,200 acres. (18)
The Storrs & Harrison Co., Box 155, Painesville, 0.
FREE BOOKLET
“When, How and Why to Spray,” la
filled with Interesting and valuable spraying
information. Send your address lor a Fkee Copy.
You Can Depend on These Sprayers
Don’t waste your money on nncertain sprayers - the
kind that are often out of order. The
largest fruit growers use the “Bardie”
because it’s a sprayer with the
trouble left out.
This Hardie No.
2 PowerSprayer
lias 160 gal .tank,
all brass pump,
11 h. p. engine.
Weight760lbs.
Price $180.00.
rhe
lardie Sprayers
•re made in 26 different sizes and
tyles ; prices $8.60 to $860. Onr cat-
.logue describes these sprayers,
.nd shows you the best way to
pray. It’s free. 8end for a copy.
THE HARDIE MFG. CO.
9-12 Mechanic 8t. , Hull non, Mlth.
also -19 tio, Front 8t. , Portland, Ore.
Band Outfit
How
I Made
The
Old farm
Pay JJ
Increase
Your Farm Profits
Are you making as much money as
you can? Let us tell you how one
acre in fruit can be made to yield
you more money than five acres
in grain. It is all in “How I Made
The Old Fgrm Pay, "by Chas. A.
Green, 30 years publisher of
Green’s Fruit Grower. Tells
v . . .
Xto plant an orchard, vineyard or berry field
# get biggest crops, what varieties will pay you
/ best, and how to prepare for market. This ir
tensely interesting book sent free with a hand¬
some catalog of high grade nursery stock a*
wholesale prices— no agents.140,000 choicest
apple trees for sale while they 'ast. Also -
100,000 privet hedge plants. Established
30 years. Capital, $100,000.00.
Write today.
GREEN’S NCRBERY CO.
Bor 22
Rochester, N. Y.
Deal Directs** Nursery
and save the agent’s commission. W e sell
only high grade fruit and ornamental trees,
vines and shrubs.
Write for our valuable Free Book.
JVc grow our own stock and guar ante t it.
ALLEN L. WOOD, WoodUwn Nurseries
5<>G Culver Road Rochester, N. V.
EVERGREENS
Nursery grown, suitable for all pur¬
poses. 84.00 and up per thousand. We
have 60 millions. Our low prices will
astonishyou. Also Hardy Forest trees,
Shade, Ornamental and Fruit trees,
Shrubs, Vines, etc. Our beautiful Cat¬
alog is crowded with valuable informa¬
tion. This and 50 Great Bargain Sheet are Free. |
Send for them today.
D. HILL NURSERY CO., Box 212, Dundee, III.
Evergreen Specialists
12 FRUIT TREES
FOR S8c
WORTH
$1.90
1 Roosevelt, 1 Bradshaw Plum, 1
Niagara Peach, 1 Bing, 1 Napo¬
leon, 1 Montmorency Cherry, 1
Baldwin, 1 McIntosh, 1 King
Apple, 1 Orange Quince, 1 Bartlett,
1 Seckel Pear. All first class trees,
2 yr., 4 ft high for 98c. Everybody
write for free illustrated catalogue.
Maloney Bros. & Wells, Box 13 Dansville, N. Y.
200 Varieties. Also Grapes, Small Fruits, etc. Best
rooted stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for 10c.
Catalog free. LEWIS KOKSCH A SON, Box K .Fredonla, N. V,
5 Twon.y0.H"fdy Grapevines 50 cts„
Sent postpaid. Best varieties — red, white, black. We also
Offer Five Three-Year-OKl Vines for $1.00. Will bear year
after planting. Valuable book how to plant, cultivate and
prune, free with every order. Grapes are easily grown
and should be in every garden. Mention this paper and
we’ll add free, one new, large, red currant.
T. S, Hubbard Co,, Grapevine Specialists, 350 Central Ave., Fredonia, N.Y.
Established I,!, Years.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direcl
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
CELERYCITYNURSERIESJesi^JQumszooJAicil
1 AM A FARMER and have FOR SALE
STRICTLY CHOICE CLOVER SEED.
Also handle Mammoth and Alsike Clover, Timothy
and Millet Seed; Reid’s Yellow Dent. Learning,
Boon Co. White. Silver Mine and the big Silo fod¬
der Seed Corn. Please ask for samples ami price.
1 also buy all kinds of seed. L. F STOKCKER,
Farrudale or Peoria, Ill. Box 17.
errne that do not disappoint
^ >■ «■ I I ^ Sold on The Ford Plan, which guar-
ll I I II ll antees satisfaction and saves you
■■ ■■ money on every purchase. Our cat¬
alog tells about it, gives descriptions and low prices on
Best varieties Gai-den, Flower and Field Seeds, Pota¬
toes, Bulbs, Trees, Shrubs and Small Fruit Plants. Con¬
tains lots of testimonials from our customers. It’s free.
FORD SEED CO., Dept. 34, Raveuna, Ohio.
FRUIT, SHADE and ORNAMENTAL
TREES, SHRUBS and ROSES
A Large Stock of the Finest Quality. Also
a Full Line of the BEST Spray Pumps, and
Spray Material. Prices Low and Satisfac¬
tion Guaranteed- We Deal Direct with
our Customers. Write for Price List.
CALL’S NURSERIES, Ferry, Ohio.
FRUIT TREES
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry and
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.
11' 11
2©
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
AN OHIO POTATO CROP.
I bought five acres of land adjoining
my farm. The price was $500 ; I bor¬
rowed the money for three years, think¬
ing I could make the piece of ground
pay for itself by that time. This was
in April, 1909. I then hired it plowed
deeply, it being clover sod; the plow¬
ing was done in three days for $7. I
harrowed it with my one horse, allow¬
ing for my labor $2. I bought 50 bush¬
els of fine large potatoes for seed at 80
cents per bushel, $40. I then hired
labor for planting May 15 ; planting was
$(>. They were planted with two-horse
planter about eight inches apart, from
six to seven inches deep. When about
to come up I harrowed them well with
one horse one day, $2 ; then when they
cality we should experiment with
Hairy vetch, and while doing so put
in a mixture of rye, Crimson clover
and Cow- horn turnips. The Canada
field pea is best to seed with oats. We
cut them when the first little peas are
getting hard in the pod, though it is
hard to strike the exact time. Oats
and peas should give from two to three
tons of cured hay per acre.
TAX EXEMPTED ORCHARDS.
In a recent issue of The R. N.-Y. you
refer to a resolution of the New Hamp¬
shire Horticultural Society favoring the
exemption from taxation of newly set
orchards for a term of years. Prob¬
ably the action of the society was in¬
fluenced by an article which I wrote for
Reo $1250
Top and Mezger Automatic Windshield extra
Demand proof that a motor-car will give you what
you want You want power, speed, comfort ; but, most
of all, you want reliability and endurance.
The Reo has complete proof. First the 25,000
users who have Reos and are happy ; but it is hard
to get at all of them.
Proof of power : The Reo holds the record for climbing Mt. Hamilton
in California, a climb of 24^ miles to an altitude of 4200 feet in 1 hour
5 minutes, and did it in foggy, slippery weather.
Proof of speed : In October a Reo beat a Chalmers by 10 miles over
50 miles of sandy roads. Time 57 minutes 43 seconds. In November, a Reo
beat the field at Yonkers, N. Y. Ten miles in 13 minutes 52 seconds.
Proof of reliability and endurance: The 10^ day-and-night record
from New York to San Francisco is absolute proof of this. A car that can
run continuously day and night for 4000 miles over such roads
as the Reo encountered can be absolutely relied upon to go
wherever you want it to, and as far as you want. There is,
nowhere else, such proof of reliability.
Proof of comfort : Prove it yourself. Get next to a Reo
driver and let him take you out on a bad road.
Send for catalogue and more proof.
You can
do it
with a
R M Owen & Co Lansing Mich G«ngeer“{ ?^e* Reo Motor Car Co
Licensed under Selden Patent
WINTER IN THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. Fig.- 17
were all up about three to four inches I
cultivated with one-horse cultivator up
close, $3. Later I went through with
one-horse double shovel plow close and
deep, $3 ; lastly with double-shovel plow
once in a row deep, $2. This finished
till digging time, which cost me nearly
$40. I used no fertilizer at all, nor did
I spray them. I only had a few bugs,
which I picked off at the cost of $2. I
had no bligh't in my patch. Others were
hurt badly. I think this is largely the
result of good strong seed. My ex¬
penses with potatoes in barn are $107.
When I had them dug I had- 1,580 bush¬
els of marketable potatoes from the five-
acre lot. My whole crop was large;
they were the Ohio Carman No. 3, all
the one kind. I shipped and sold at fit
cents per bushel, less five cents freight
per bushel, making $884.80, less expenses,
$107 ; net .$777.80. This was 1909 crop.
Then I sowed the lot to wheat. This
harvest thrashed 115 bushels of nice
wheat. I have it back in clover now
this year, 1910. I fertilized my potatoes
on three-quarters of an acre, used about
$15 worth. I got 195 bushels of pota¬
toes. This does not speak well for fer¬
tilizer. The season was not so good, too
"New England Farms” and printed in
their February issue. In the article was
a proposition which I consider of as
much or more importance than the ex¬
emption itself, and it has not been men¬
tioned in the action of the society; this
is that the orchard should be set and
cared for by some one of the approved
methods and under the direction and
approval of the Horticultural Depart¬
ment of the State College. I would
like to see the work of our State Col¬
lege exemplified in different parts of the
State, not only in orchards, but in any
other way that might be possible, as
there are hundreds of farmers that are
hard to reach at a distance from the in¬
stitution. A. I.: LITTLEFIELD.
New Hampshire.
A White Winter. — The picture
shown at Fig. 17 was taken near
Franconia, X. H., and shows a grove of
evergreens after a snowstorm. It will
appeal to some of our readers who live
in warmer climes, and who were out in
the sun working the soil at the time this
picture was taken. This snow may
seem a handicap to such people, but to
New Hampshire the Winter weather is
becoming an asset, for thousands of
tourists now visit the State to enjoy
skating and coasting or snowshoeing.
ft Make Most Money For Farmers that experienced operators
r are not necesssary. Any one can set up and run an American mill with the drawings
and instructions we furnish. And they make more lumber with less power and_les9
help than any other owine to their Special Time and Labor Saving Devices.
Variable Friction Feed. Improved Giant Duplex Steel Dogs. Combined Ratchet Setworks
and Quick Receder. Rolled Steel Track. Self-Oiling Bearings throughout. Made in all
Sizes— For all Powers.
I _ I _ — Uamai, You can make both with one of these mills. The outfit
LUmQcr IS IflUllcY soon pays for itself. If you have no timber, your neinh-
borshave. Just haul the outfit to the logs, cut them up. move on to the next job.
Our Mill Book Free
structive catalogue. _ It illustrates, describes and
prices our complete line of wood working machinery.
Lath Machines Shingle Machines
Wood Saws Wood Splitters
Planers Edgers Trimmers, Etc.
Write for book today
American Saw Mill Machinery Company
•129 HOPE ST., HACKETTSTOWN, N. J.
1682 Terminal Buildings, New York
CAHOON SEED
Saves buying expensive drills. Most
perfect broadcast sower for all grain
and grass seed. Accurate, simple,
durable. Made of steel, iron and brass. Lasts a life time.
Saves time, saves seed and gives bigger crops.
Highest priced sower made, but pays for itself many times yearly. If
your dealer cannot supply you, we will deliver the Cahoon to any
express office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of $1. ‘ *
“Seed Sowers’ Manual;’’ tells h
less seed. It’s Free.
Send for
ow to produce bigger crops with
GOODELL CO.. 14 Main St., Antrim, Hew Hampshire.
dry. 0. v.
Belleville, O.
OATS AND PEAS AND CORN.
C. J. K., Northern Allegany Co., .V. Y. —
I have two fields of about nine acres each
which I wish to rotate with corn for silo,
and oats and peas for hay. Can I keep
up the fertility by sowing Mammoth clover
with the oats and peas, to be plowed under
the next Spring for corn and sowing some
cover crop at the last cultivation of corn
to plow down for oats, sowing one-half ton
to the acre of ground limestone with the
oats and peas? What is best to sow with
the corn for a cover crop? What is the
best kind of peas to sow with oats to
make the most and best hay, and how
much seed to the acre of the mixture? At
what stage of maturity Is it best to cut
them to make the best nay? What tonnage
to the acre is considered a fair crop of
the cured hay?
A ns.— You may possibly be able to
keep up the fertility of such land in
this way, but a surer way would be to
use about 400 pounds per acre of a
mixture containing 300 pounds acid
phosphate and 100 muriate of potash
when you plant corn. This will keep
np the fertility and probably pay. For
a cover crop in the corn for your lo-
Bargains in Feed Mills
Remarkably Low Prices on the 41-Year Famous
QUAKER CITY LINE
Now is the time to get a feed mill — and here is your opportunity to get the world’s
best— in a style and size to meet your needs— at a price that sets a new record for big values.
This offer is on Quaker City Mills— the grinders that have been the standard of quality
for over 41 years. You can prove at our risk, that the Quaker City is all we claim, that
it is the mill you want, before you pay us a penny. For we are offering to send one
to you on trial without trying in any way to tie you up to keeping it if it isn’t satis¬
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investment. We want you to see that a Quaker City Mill has the widest range
of usefulness— that it is the best adapted to all kinds of grinding.
Direct From Factory— All Freight Paid
Liberal Free Trial and Our Absolute Guarantee
00 select the size and style that meets your needs, out of our complete line of 11 sizes and
il styles, and you try it on your own place— with your own grain. Then if you’re not satisfied-
ylend.lt bac£ at °ur expense. From grinding ear corn to making graham flour, (grinds
soft and wet as well as dry corn) you’ll find a Quaker City Mill far superior. Try other mills too ;
you hke, then keep the best. Remember-there’s a big advantage in getting the mill that will meet
requirements best. That’s why it’s easy to make the right choice out of the
styles and sizes
11 Sizes — 22 Styles — Write Now tor Low Prices
A. sf“£y^r name in now for our Big Free Book which tells all. Read the many features-the many advi
tages of Quaker City Mills. The new attachment grinds husks, with the cobs and corn. Makes I
£ered‘^ P?/enT^S?.OUr‘Irlg and saves you big money. Many prominent feeders have adopted this methi
investigate. Don t wait. Get our low prices and liberal proposition at once. Write today — NOW-
A. G. Straxib & Co., 3737 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa.,
Tlie Machinery Warehouse, 3707 So. Ashland Ave., Chicago, I
30
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
January 14,
WATER SUPPLY FOR BARN.
S. C. 2V, Clymcr, N. Y. — I enclose a sketch
of a water supply I have installed this
Fall and it works welL Now 1 would
like some advice ; the line passes within
40 feet of my barn. I have put in a tee
as shown in sketch. I want to tap the
pipe there and bring water to barn. If I
do this will it affect the faucet in the
house? Then when the water drops be¬
low the six-foot level, as it will in Sum¬
mer, shall I be able to draw it by faucet,
as now, or will I have to use a pump? I
would have to use a pump in barn, as I
would always be above the water line
there. But I don't want to bring it into
the barn unless I am sure it would not
make any trouble in the house.
Ans. — The syphon action of the water
pipe must stop as soon as the level of
water in the well reaches the level of
the faucet in tile house. It would prob¬
ably stop before this point is reached,
a balanced ration. The mulch should
be heavy, covering the ground several
inches deep, and a close wire cloth or
any material enclosing the trunk of the
trees to keep the mice from girdling
them under the mulch. The common
salt would not benefit them at all. Prune
the trees thoroughly, and fertilize well
is the secret of growing quinces. 3
The clover in the peach orchard will
have to be plowed under early in the
Spring, otherwise an early drought
might prevent it being done, and the
clover would use up the moisture that
the peach trees need, and result in a
stagnated orchard that might never re¬
cover from the effects of it. Potatoes
require a great amount of moisture, and
also potash and phosphoric acid, and
these are very essential elements in the
to supply water sufficiently rapidly for growing of a peach tree. The potato
use. If an arm were carried to the must be protected from the bugs with
barn, to which a pump is attached, the insecticides, and as Paris-green is the
effect of pumping at the barn might be popular formula for the potato, *he ma-
to lower the water in the well suf¬
ficiently to prevent the faucet from
flowing strongly in the house, or from
flowing at all until the water had again
raised in the well. If the water en¬
ters the well slowly, especially during
the dry part of the year, it might be
possible that in pumping, the water in
the well would be lowered sufficiently
to uncover the lower end of the syphon
in the well, and so stop the flow en¬
tirely until it was again started. If
no leakage of air results from attach¬
ing the pump, this arrangement would
not interfere with the flow at the faucet,
except at the time of pumping, unless
the faucet were left open, or if the
faucet leaked so that air could be
drawn in there through the suction ef¬
fect of the pump. Any leakage there
while the pump was being worked
might permit sufficient air to be drawn
in to stop the action of the syphon. It
may be possible to deepen the well and
get a sufficient increase of flow, so that
the level of the water in the well would
terial is likely to be sprayed or dusted
on the foliage of the peach, and as the
peach leaf is sure to be killed if Paris-
green is used on it ever so light, there
is a great danger of ruining the peach
while protecting the potato. Also
Bordeaux, that is so popular a fungicide
for the potato, is rank poison to the
foliage of the peach. I am, and always
have been, prejudiced against cropping
a peach orchard with either potatoes or
corn; if for no other reason, they take
up the moisture the peach tree should
have. Melons, tomatoes, carrots, beets
and such small hoed crops are best for
growing in young orchards, but what¬
ever crop is used in the orchard, it must
be kept perfectly clean and thoroughly
cultivated to retain the moisture. Any
neglect on this score means a failure for
the orchard. E. s. black.
“Pa, what is a philosopher?” “A
philosopher, my boy, is one who tells
other people that their troubles don’t
amount to much.”— Detrot Free Press.
- PLANT -
Dibble’s Seed Potatoes
Grown in the cold north on soils specially adapted to each variety, they are full of vigor
and produce larger and better crops than those from any other source. Scores ot farmers
have written us that our seed potatoes gave them over twice the production of their own
seed; therefore plant Dibble’s seed potatoes and
Double Your Crops
We are seed growers and have over 1600 acres in our own seed farms. Last season we
sold the production of over 4000 acres. We are located in northwestern New York, be¬
tween the Genesee River and its main affluent, the Honeoye, the best section of the
Empire State, the best potato State of the Union. Our seed potatoes are grown either on
virgin soil or on clover sod, and we offer you over 60,000 bushels, 31 varieties in all, that
were saved from fields that were, to the best of our knowledge and belief, free from
disease. Be sure and plant, healthy seed and
AVOID BLIGHT
We quote you extremely low prices, as we sell direct from our seed farms to yours.
Our catalog describing the best seed potatoes, oats, corn, alfalfa, clover and grass
seed, the leading farm seed book of the year, is free. In addition, we will send to those
who ask for them, two concise, instructive little booklets written by our Mr. Dibble.
“ Dibble on the Potato ” and “ Dibble on Alfalfa,” absolutely without charge. These
booklets are not advertising matter in any way, but contain practical information, in
fact everything any one wants to know about growing potatoes and alfalfa, written by
one who knows. Address —
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
Dreers Garden Book
i9u E,di ti on
CONTAINS hundreds of articles by horticultural
experts, telling in clear, concise language, how to
grow various Flowers, Plants, Vegetables — about soils,
fertilizers, times and methods of planting, etc. These
arranged conveniently with catalogue descriptions,
prices and pictures. 288 copiously illustrated pages, 8 color
and duotone plates. Describes over 1200 varieties of Flower
Seeds, 2000 kinds of Plants and 600 varieties of Vegetables. Rec¬
ognized as the standard publication of its kind for over 70 years.
Mailed free to anyone mentioning this magazine.
714 Chestnut Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
HENRY A. DREER,
PIONEER
SIS
FOR ALL KINDS OF
CLOVER and FIELD
SEEDS also GARDEN,
FLOWER SEEDS
and Implements
Write to this Old Reliable
House— Catalogue Free
and Field Seed Price List
mailed you on application.
THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO., Toledo. 0.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
200 Acres of Them. I Grow Nothing Else.
I do not run a nursery— or seed business .
I devote all my time to Strawberry
Plant*** I personally superintend my
farm. Every plant guaranteed “true to
na^le.,, Plants grown in Natural Strav>
berry Climate ; ‘soil right, too. Strong
rooted, prolific bearers. Prices right. Get
my 1911 Catalog. Write to-day.— NOW.
W. W. THOMAS, The Strawberri Plant Man, 256Maln Stjlnns,
48 Million Shortage
Government statistics show there were
48,000,000 bushels less of potatoes grown
In the United States last year than
In 1909. This with Increasing popu¬
lation must necessarily make a
larger demand for potatoes In 1911.
No crop as a
Money Maker
equals it, and the information showing how to grow
for profit will be mailed absolutely free to any one
asking for it. Our president has devoted over fifty
years to the study of potato culture and the manufac¬
ture of machinery for handling the crop In all stages.
ASPINWALL MANUFACTURING CO.
437 Sabin Street, Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.
World’s Oldest and Largest Makers of Potato Machinery,
D SEEDS
ESTINTHEWORLD
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
a lot of new sorts for
with every order I fill.
Grand Big Catalog CPCC
Illustrated with over rllEIS
700 engravings of vegetables
and flowers. Send yours and
neighbors’ addresses.
Y, Rockford, Illinois
not materially change while pumping.
F. H. KING.
GRAPES, QUINCE AND PEACH ORCHABDS
E. E. B.j Netc Milford, Comm. — 1. 1 have
three acres of grapes, one-half Concord and
the other half Worden. They made a fine
growth ; should I cover them this Win¬
ter to prevent them from freezing? 2. Do
you advise salt for quince trees and how
much per tree, trees set last Spring?
3. I have set 3,000 peach trees, one and
two years old. I sowed clover (red) in
August and it made a good growth. Do
you advise planting the orchard to po¬
tatoes next year?
Ans. — 1. S. E. B. might find it a paying
proposition to lay down his grape vines
before Winter sets in. The Concord is
hardy and withstands severe Winters
without protection, but the other half
of the vineyard may be tender and need
protection. On the whole, I would ad¬
vise laying down the vines, as it would
not be an expensive job, and it certain¬
ly would be a benefit to them. 2. The
quince requires a deep, rich, moist, well-
drained soil and heavy applications of
stable manure as a top-dressing, or a
heavy mulch of straw, grass or any ma¬
terial that will retain moisture, and in
connection with the stable manure a
heavy application of kainit broadcast at
the rate of 1,000 pounds per acre — or
500 pounds of muriate of potash ; this
will furnish what the quince needs as
mt y«u Are9a Progressive Farmer
is the Ownership oi a
DAVENPORT Roller -Bearing Steel Wagon
You know a fanner by the implements he uses. And the surest sign
of progressiveness is in the Davenport Roller-Bearing Steel Wagon.
«Sfc=L^r ** Some day every farmer will own a Steel Wagon. But ‘the far-sighted,
money-making farmer of today is using the Davenport now — is benefiting from its many advantages
now. He’s setting the pace— his neighbors will soon follow, but he’s getting the extra satisfaction now.
You
Know
About
This
You know how much easier it is to roll a log than it is to drag it. The ordinary wagon is little more than dragged in
comparison with the Davenport. That makes the wonderful difference in the draft. Think of your horses when you buy
your next wagon. Remember also that Roller-Bearings mean more trips, easier trips, with fewer horses.
The Davenport owner knows the value of these features: The all-steel construction which means lifetime service. The
guaranteed capacity of 6000 pounds which assures safety under heavy loads. The gears of solid steel rolled into its
strongest forms and trussed like a bridge, which combines lightness and strength. The wheels of steel, with strong,
round spokes forged solidly into the hubs and hot-riveted in the tires, which means that there’s nothing to dry apart,
shrink, rot or work loose. The ROLLER-BEARINGS insure 30 % to 50% lighter draft.
No tires to set; no breakdowns; no repairs and the automobile hub enables
him to oil without removing the wheels.
You should know what these advantages really mean to you now. Write ns for full infor¬
mation contained in Package Ne.36. and we will be pleased to write you fully, whether you
are in the market now or not.
Davenport Wagon Company, Davenport, Iowa
The Roller Bearing.
1911
THE RURAI< NEW-YORKER
31
A FARMING TOWN IN SOUTHERN NEW
HAMPSHIRE.
The first settlements were made in this
town near the close of the seventeenth
century, and were made up almost wholly
of children and grandchildren of the Puri¬
tan English settlers who came to the neigh¬
boring town of Hampton during and soon
after 1638. This town had become quite
fully settled by 1773, when the popula¬
tion numbered 652. Emigration to the in¬
terior towns of the colony began at the
close of the French and Indian War and
continued for 40 years or more, but fami¬
lies were large iu those days, and the popu¬
lation gradually increased till 1840, when
the permanent inhabitants numbered about
850. There has since been a small but
irregular falling off to the present figure,
which is 783. The change in the character
of the population has been less than in
many country towns. The census of 1790
gives the names of 99 heads of families
and of these families 92 are still repre¬
sented by descendants living within the
limits of the town or near its borders. It
follows that several farms have been in
possession of the same family for six or
seven generations. One piece of land which
I now own has never been conveyed by
deed since the year 1708, and then it was
by a deed from father to son and without
consideration.
This has always been almost exclusively
a farming community. A few families on
the seashore depend in part on Summer
boarders, and we have the usual number
of tradesmen and mechanics needed to
supply the wants of a country town, but
we have no manufacturing of any descrip¬
tion. The grist mills, tan yards and va¬
rious forms of home manufactures, which
were here 100 years ago, have long since
disappeared.
The type of farming which now prevails
is very different from that of the former
days when most of the needs of the family
were supplied by the farm itself. i re¬
member when considerable grain was raised,
but now , very little is produced except
what is used for green fodder. There was
likewise a great falling off in field corn,
but the high prices of the last few years
have brought about a revival of interest
in this crop, which can be raised to per¬
fection in this region, if the flint varieties
are planted. Twenty-five years ago pota¬
toes were raised quite generally ; sometimes
five or six hundred bushels on a farm,
but now the quantity raised is barely suf¬
ficient for home consumption, and some
years potatoes are shipped iu here by the
carload. Nevertheless good crops can be
obtained by thorough tillage and generous
use of fertilizer. There is always a good
market for poultry and eggs and prac¬
tically every farm has a flock of hens, but
I know of no case where this is made the
chief business of the farm. Several persons
have tried to carry on the hen business on
a large scale, but the final outcome has
usually been disappointing. There is a
fairly good demand for fresh vegetables
and small fruit at the nearby Summe: re¬
sorts, and a man who could peddle his
goods should obtain substantial returns.
Very little is done here in this line al¬
though there are several good-sized truck
farms in the nearby towns. The produc¬
tion of milk for the Boston market has be¬
come the principal occupation of the farm¬
ers of this town. The milk is collected
at his door and the Winter price is about
38 cents for a can of 8Vt quarts. Very
little butter is made ; nearly all we use
coming from Maine and Vermont. The
keeping of large herds of cows means lots
of hard confining work, and the profit
seems to figure out pretty small, but as
farmers continue at it year after year and
seem to keep in fairly comfortable circum¬
stances there must be some money iu it.
I have heard many discussions of the
orchard question as applied to this lo¬
cality, and 1 hesitate to give an opinion
on it. There are some years in which
substantial returns come from the sale of
apples, and this year is one of them.
Apples as good as any can be raised here.
I think there is no doubt on this point.
A few days ago there were five carloads
sent iu a single shipment from our station
to Chicago, and the New England agent
of the Canadiau Pacific Dispatch tells me ■
there is a good demand there for New 1
England Baldwins of good quality, and that ;
is the variety mostly raised in this region. i
1 hear many of my friends declare that
the labor and expense of caring for an or¬
chard makes the business unprofitable and
very few young orchards are being planted.
I set out a small orchard two years ago,
and I was given to understand that my
courage was more to be admired than my
judgment. It is my idea that the or¬
chards have not had a fair show, and that
if they were regularly and properly culti¬
vated, fertilized, pruned and sprayed a dif¬
ferent story might be told.
The sale of standing timber has been an
important source of income to many of our
farmers. This section was originally an
unbroken forest, mostly of pine and hem¬
lock, and although there are some valuable
lots still standing, the inroads of the past
30 years have made great changes. A
sale amounting to five or six thousand dol¬
lars has not been uncommon, and I have
personal knowledge of a farm iu a nearby
town from which the owners have received
for the sale of standing growth about
850,000 within the last five years, and
many acres still remain untouched.
The subject of taxes is of importance in
a farming community and in this regard
we are fairly fortunate. Our rate is 814
per thousand, divided about as follows :
State tax, 83 ; county, 82.60 ; schools,
•83.65 ; highways, 82, and miscellaneous,
82.75. The valuation is considered as
low rather than high, and is probably in
most cases well inside the forced selling
value of the property. No separate poll
tax- is levied in New Hampshire, but each
citizen voter between the ages of 21 and
<0 is assessed at 8100. and this is added
to the valuation of his other property,
lhere has been an increase in our tax rate
of about 40 per cent during the past six
years, owing to a great increase in the
fetate tax and a number of unusual local
expenses, among them the building of a
8o,000 library, the payment for which was
wholly met by taxation. Our town is free
from debt and has practically no paupers
to support.
I have noticed in your paper figures as
to the value of real estate in different
localities. With us, arable land in good i
condition is worth from 860 to $100 per
acre ; woodland from $100 to $200 if cov¬
ered with good-sized growth, although I
know of one lot of 48 acres sold for
$500 per acre. This was the farm in a
neighboring town which I have mentioned
before. Good pasture land is considered
worth $25 to $30 per acre, but old and
run-out pastures are sometimes sold as low
as $10. Most of our farms are well pro¬
vided with buildings, and they usually rep¬
resent an investment of four to six thou¬
sand dollars if the building site be in¬
cluded. In some cases the replacement
value would be more than this ; say eight
to ten thousand. Men who have done much
traveling about the country have told me
that it is very rare to find a locality where
the average farm is so well provided with
comfortable and substantial buildings.
It is a general opinion that this is a
very good place for a farmer to live, pro¬
vided he owns his farm unincumbered and
has a few thousand dollars in available
capital besides. It is considered a risky
proceeding for a man to run in debt for
his farm. That is to say, a man may ex¬
pect a living from his farm, but must not
hope for much returns on invested capital.
I think more intensive agriculture would
result in greater returns, but this is often
impracticable on account of the scarcity
of labor. If a man is so fortunate as to
have one or two sons old enough to work
on the farm and willing to do so he has
a good chance to make good in the busi¬
ness. One of my neighbors who milks
about 30 cows reports that a keeping of
individual milk and feed records has
greatly increased the efficiency of his plant.
It is very easy to suggest changes which
in theory should make a generous in¬
crease in the farmer’s income, but the prac¬
tical end of the problem is a much more
complicated matter. e. m. s.
FERTILIZING FOR POTATOES.
I would like to plant potatoes in the
Spring iu an old field that has not been
farmed for at least seven years; still it is
not a field that was previously farmed to
death, being practically new ground. It is
not very rough, or grown up to anv ex¬
tent. I intend to clean it off and give it
a good plowing and harrowing with a
spring-tooth harrow. After digging pota¬
toes I wish to seed down to rye or wheat
(it is level ground) for a grass crop. What
fertilizer would you advise, and what should
it contain? l. l. r.
Stroudsburg, Pa.
In such a case unless we had had ex¬
perience in using the separate chemicals
we would use* 900 pounds or more per
acre of one of the high grade potato fer¬
tilizers with about 3% per cent nitrogen,
eight per cent phosphoric acid and six per
cent potash.
Killing Out Dodder.
There are some farmers who have dod¬
der or “daughter,” as they call it, in their
clover and would like to find out how to
get rid of it. t e. e. l.
This dodder question comes in every day.
The dodder is a parasi.te which "grows
around , the stems of clover and Alfalfa and
strangles them. The seed usually comes
as an adulteration of clover or Alfalfa
seed. If left alone it will spread through
the field. Plowing and growing a culti¬
vated crop for several years will kill out
the dodder, but if you want to keep on
cutting the clover crop you must kill off
the dodder spots. This is done by mowing
off everything where the dodder is found
several feet outside of the dodder plants.
Let this hay dry, then pour kerosene all
over and burn the spot over. Do not buy
any clover or Alfalfa seed unless guaran¬
teed free from dodder.
Hucksters and storekeepers here, 25
miles w'est of Indianapolis, pay seven cents
each for rabbits. They are retailed in In¬
dianapolis for 25 cents each. We have di¬
rect shipping facilities to Indianapolis via
Big Four It. R. and ,J. C. T. U. Traction
Line. j. h.
Danville, Ind.
As a plain proposition, when a man re¬
ceives seven .cents for a rabbit which later
retails for 25 cents he receives 28 cents of
the consumer’s dollar. , He is doing a little
better than some growers of fruit and po¬
tatoes who have sent us records.
Producer’s Share of ’ Hats. -r-Consul
Cheney of Curacao, gives some .notes on the
straw hat industry in the Dutch West Indies.
How much does the hat cost you? ‘Since
the failure of the phosphate and salt busi¬
ness more than half the exports from
Curacao consist of straw hats, the making
of which gives employment to thousands
of , women, who earn from three to six
cents a day, according to their skill. The
straw; is jipijapa, from Venezuela, and the
material for a hat that sells for eight cents
costs about three cents. A skilled woman
can make one hat a day. The government
furnishes straw for manv of the very poor.
Syrians buy most, of the hats and sell them
to exporters at a uniform profit of two
cents a dozen. They go to New York,
where they receive a finish, and are sent
south and west. The invoice value lately
has been about $1.08 per dozen. Made by
hand, they have to compete with cheap
machine-made hats. A better grade is made
to a small extent, and the amount is in¬
creasing, as the government has estab¬
lished a school to teach fine hat braiding.
Almost all of these hats go to Europe.
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3LJ
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
THE GRIMES GOLDEN APPLE.
The world would soon have forgotten
Thomas Grimes, the West Virginia farmer,
had he devoted his life to growing ordin¬
ary farm crops. He gave the world the
Grimes Golden apple, and thus will live
in song, story and pie crust long after
great captains of industry have passed
away. The latest effort to do him justice is
the following by Walt Mason :
“Where is the stately Mr. Grimes, the
noblest man of modern times, whose ap¬
ple soothes and pleases? He surely is a
crackerjack ; I’d to pat him on the hack,
and hold him on my kneeses. I’d like to
fold him to my breast, and say : ‘Your
apple is the best that ever grew and
ripened ; I think so much of you that I
would share with you my pumpkin pie,
my taxes or my stipend.’ O let the good
old name of Grimes be sounded by the
evening chimes, and blazoned on the hoard¬
ing ; his apple drives dull care away, and
makes each heart seem light and gay, down
here where I am boarding. O let the
noble name of Grimes be handed down to
future times, embalmed in song and story;
his apple cheers, inspires and thrills, in¬
cites to splendid deeds, and fills our
boarding-hyouse with glory. ’Twould be
the foulest of all crimes if nevermore the
name of Grimes should be on earth par¬
aded ; for he has brought a new delight —
an apple that the gods would bite — and
has old Burbank faded. O Grimes, I lack
the poet's speech, or I would tell you what
a peach you are, you dear old lummix !
You’ve poured some balm upon our smarts ;
you’ve surely reached the people’s hearts,
and reached them through their stomachs!”
BUYING A FEED MILL,
When buying a feed mill it is a good
plan to see the mills of different kinds in
operation, and note the kind of feed pro¬
duced. Failing in this one must depend
upon what the maker says, or get the mills
on trial. There are two general kinds of
corn and cob power mills ; one kind has a
crusher, above the main shaft and geared
to it, for the purpose of breaking up the
cob into small chunks ready for the burrs
or grinding plates ; another and simpler
style has the crusher on the main shaft
with the grinding plates. The latter is
preferable, because there are no gears or
extra belt to bother with and cause extra
friction, and the mill has but two bearings.
Such a mill consists essentially of a crusher
to break up the ears and to feed the
pieces into the burrs, and the burrs or
grinding plates to fine the product. The
other parts are the shaft, frame, bearings,
pulley and regulating screw. The make
of the mill is not so important as the
kind. Get the simplest kind and avoid
trouble. There are fine and coarse grind¬
ing plates ; the coarse grinding plates haje
a force feed and a shear cut, while the
others have a less rapid feed and a grind¬
ing or rubbing action. For feed grinding
the coarse plates should be used, while
for table meal or graham the fine grinding
plates should be used and set to run as
close together as practicable. The writer
has seen several makes of feed mills, and
believes there is but little choice among
them. However, it is well to get a mill
capable of grinding cob meal fine, should
one desire it, as well as coarse, to see
that the mill is mounted on a substantial
iron frame, and that it is suited to the
power available. All the mill makers give
a broad guarantee of satisfaction, and it
would seem that the purchaser runs but
little risk in securing a mill for any need.
Ohio. W. E. DUCKWALL.
CROPS AND PRICES.
This closes one of the driest years ever
known around here, and I think half the
wells have failed. Some families have
hauled their drinking water a mile or
more. In spite of this we had Summer
showers enough to keep the top of the
ground in good condition, and most crops
were fully up to the average in both quan¬
tity and quality. e. m. s.
New Hampshire.
Potatoes were light in yield, good size
and excellent quality, selling at 90 cents and
$1 per bushel. These prices are for home¬
grown, shipped stock selling at 50 and (JO
cents per bushel. Wheat got a poor star
by reason of drought. Eggs 40 cents a
dozen ; butter 35 cents per pound ; milk
9 cents a quart; chickens 15 to 18 cents
per ipound dressed. Hay $16 per ton ;
dressed hogs 10 cents per .pound ; apples $1
per bushel. w. d.
Crookesville, O.
A rainy day, and, oh, how we need the
rain ! Hardly a well in this section in
use. Farmers nearly all hauling all water
used. I read of one farmer selling 350
gallons of water daily in Norwich, a city
of 20,000, a dozen miles south, at five
cents a quart. Another wealthy farmer
•with a deep artesian well, and water in
abundance, bought a tank wagon and de¬
livers a tankful, 400 gallons, to surround¬
ing farmers at one dollar. Quite a dif¬
ference in price between four gallons for
one cent and 20 cents per gallon ! My own
well in low ground has not yet failed.
I’ackerville, Conn. e- P- r-
We are having steady Winter weather
with no extremes so far, favoring the
fruit prospects, as buds are in good shape.
We are hauling mulch around the trees,
while other orchard work cannot be done.
Farmers’ orchards generally are neglected
and will not produce anything but a local
supply of wormy and cider apples as long
as thorough spraying is neglected, and
trees are hurt some by being thoroughly
covered in many cases with scurfy bark-
louse. The market for good sound fruit is
good, and with good methods of growing,
spraying and mulching there is the promise
of good profits in apple culture, as with
most other fruit in this locality. c. w.
Wayne Co., Ohio.
We are having an old-fashioned Winter,
have had nearly two months already. It
has been to zero several times. It is good
weather for feeding stock, but there is
not a very large amount being fed. Meat
prices have fallen off since cold weather
came. Some say that it is due to the large
corn crop, but the corn is not on the mar¬
ket in the shape of meat. There probably
will be more stock fattened, than usual, but
I think it premature to give this as the
reason for the decline. I think the true
reason can be attributed to the packers ;
an investigation I think would be in order
and a good thing . for. .the. .farmer.. . .
Canandaigua Co., N. Y. fi. T. b.
We have been having plenty of Winter
since early November. Very dry all Sum¬
mer and still dry, wells and springs dry
that never were known to fail before.
People are busy hauling water. Wheat
was sown last Fall in dry ground and not
looking very well ; thin on the ground.
Prices as follows : Butter, 32 cents per
pound ; eggs, 35 cents per dozen ; wheat,
93 cents per bushel ; corn, $1 per barrel of
106 pounds ; hay, $18 to $20 per ton ;
hogs, dressed, 10 to 11 cents per pound;
horses selling from $75 to $275 accord¬
ing to quality ; cows, from $45 to $100 per
head. Prospects look good at present for
a peach crop. Farms selling from $60 to
$lr>0 per acre. s. w. M.
Washington Co., Md.
We live in what is known* as the “wheat
belt,” and most of our land is sown to
wheat, which looks rather poor on account
of drought. The soil is good, no rock, a
little sand. Water is fine and abundant,
at an average depth of 20 to 30 feet, sheet
water, and everywhere on the Arkansas
Valley and upland. In the valley proper
is it only three to six feet depth. Far¬
ther west it is higher in elevation and
water farther down, on the uplands as you
get away from the river, but the soil is
generally all good, and with proper amount
of rain* fall will raise good crops. The
price of land here is from $50 to $75
per acre, perhaps it would average $60,
depending on location and improvements.
The land 100 miles west js just about the
same in quality and can be bought yet at
from $12 to $30 per acre, away from the
river and towns, but such land put into
crops suitable to the West, with its less
rainfall makes a good, fair home, for a
person with limited means. Land here
and West is continually on the rise, and
is yet the best place for a poor man I
know of, if he has money enough to pay
for his home, or most of it. d. h. w.
Macksville, Kan.
on. If the goods we order do not weigh
over four pounds we have the merchant
add something else that we can use. The
mail carrier does not charge anything for
carrying goods that weigh over four
pounds. Goods that are too heavy and
would prevent the carrier from delivering
mail on time are not accepted. A. s.
Laddonia, Mo.
We are not in favor of a limited parcels
post. When we want to purchase some
article from our home merchant we call
up the merchant over the telephone, tell¬
ing the merchant what we want and ask¬
ing him to deliver the goods to the mail
carrier, who goes over the route we live
The “Inside Ballot.” — See clipping at¬
tached for English apples. I think the
farmer got $2.25 for his apples here.
“FRANKLIN, N. II., Dec. 29. — While
packing apples for shipment at Benjamin
Little’s, in Webster, last Fall, Miss Myra
Little put a letter in one of the barrels,
with. a request that whoever purchased the
fruit answer the letter. Yesterday Miss
Little received a letter from a lady in
London, England, saying that she paid
$5.25 for the apples, and that they were
of fine quality.” w. j. n.
Concord, N. H.
R. N.-lr. — Here we have a scant 43 cents
of the consumer's dollar — quite a little
above the average — with the grower to pay
for the barrel.
Express Charges. — I shipped a hamper
of sweet potatoes from here to Catskill,
N. Y., (Adams Express) which cost me 60
cents and the express charges were $1.46.
What do you think of that? G. p.
Millville, N. J.
R. N.-Y. — All our thoughts on this sub¬
ject run into one channel — we shall con¬
tinue to be held up until we have a fair
parcels post.
Another Express “Kick.” — Here is an¬
other kick against the holdup express com¬
pany. We ordered an article from New
York, valued at $1.15, express charges
$1.10. If we had parcels post, 40 cents
would have carried it. Even now I could
take the same article, weight five pounds,
mail it here at Neosho, Mo., and send it
to the center of Europe, and do it for 60
cents. It is just as Barnum said. H. h.
Neosho, Mo.
r. n.-Y. — We get the full force of this
express monopoly this year in trying to
send goods to Florida. That is enough of
itself to make one a rabid parcels poster.
January 14,
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
Wliat Even Sowing Means.
Even sowing means even growing,
even ripening and proper grading of
the grain. The feed of a grain drill,
as well as the furrow opening devices,
are of great importance. Some styles
of furrow openers are best adapted to
one kind of soil and some to others.
But the farmer who realizes that seed
sown in a wide, broad, flat seed bed
will do better than if narrowly con¬
fined will investigate the Farmers’ Fa¬
vorite “Plowfur” Single disc, which has
a shield shaped like the mouldboard
on a plow. The Farmers’ Favorite
Grain Drill, manufactured by The
American Seeding-Machine Co., Incor¬
porated, Springfield, Ohio, is positive in
its sowing of all known seeds, both
large and small, as well as all kinds
of fertilizers. It is a decided success
in all parts of the world where grain
is raised. It is made in large variety
of styles and sizes, fully and honestly
guaranteed to do the best possible work.
Wherever you live or whatever your
seeding conditions may be you can get
a Farmers’ Favorite Drill that will do
your work as you want it done. Send
to the manufacturers for their Farm¬
ers’ Favorite catalogue, and go to your
local implement dealer and insist on
seeing the Farmers’ Favorite.
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FUR SALE in the finest fruit
growing and trucking section in the world:
fertile soil and fine climate: also a beautiful water
front farm with timber. For full particulars ad¬
dress SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury,
Wicomico County, Maryland.
GOLD MEDAL CORN!
THE ONLY GOLD MEDAL
Given at the Great New England Corn Exposition,
Held at Worcester, Mass., November 7th to 12th, was
Awarded to Hon. THEODORE C. BATES,
For CROP and for EXHIBIT
Those who visited the Corn Exposition will recall the Great Pyramid and Great Cone of Com near the entrance.
There
Were
2000
Perfect
Ears
on the
Pyramid
from 12J4 to
14 inches
long.
GOLD MEDAL CORN GROWN ON PERUVIAN VEGETABLE GROWER
On One Acre of Flint Corn Mr. Bates Raised
One Hundred Seventy-Three and Three-
Tenths (173.3) Bushels of Ears Weigh¬
ing 70 Pounds to the Bushel
There
Were
3000
Perfect
Ears
on the
Cone
none of them
less than 12
inches long.
Allowing 43 per cent for moisture and cob, and reducing to
12 per cent moisture basis (average moisture in crib-dry corn)
we find that Mr. Bates produced
One Hundred Forty and Three-Tenths
Bushels (140.3) of Shelled Corn Per Acre
(56 lbs. of shelled corn to the bushel)
MANUFACTURED
The yield was certified to by three competent men (as
sworn to by them before the clerk of the courts at Worcester,
Mass.) The Worcester Magazine says: —
* ‘ The authorities present at the Corn Show gioe this yield the
credit of excelling any record of Flint Corn in this country.
Truly a wonderful tribute to Mr. Bates’s skill as a farmer,
to New England soils, and to
PERUVIAN VEGETABLE GROWER
with which this remarkable crop was raised.
If you are a business farmer you ought to know more
about Peruvian Vegetable Grower, the Highest Grade Corn
and Vegetable Fertilizer on the market.
ONLY BY
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY,
Sole Manufacturers of E. Frank Coe Fertilizers and Peruvian Brands
24-26 Stone Street,
NEW YORK CITY
WATCH FOR OUR ANNOUNCEMENTS
OF OUR OTHER PRIZE WINNERS
If you have not received a copy of our handsome
ANNUAL MEMORANDUM book, we shall he glad
to send you one ifyou mention Rural New-Yorker.
rtJ3C
1911.
33
THE COST OF AN APPLE ORCHARD.
One of our readers wants to know the
cost of developing an orchard to bearing
age. Ife will take a 20-acre grass field
or pasture, break it up and put it iu shape
for planting. What would it cost you to
do this and what would be the yearly cost
as you handle trees to care for the orchard
until it comes into bearing to cover ex¬
penses? Tell us also how early Baldwins
or other standard varieties will bear in
your section.
If stony pasture land, would depend
upon mulch and chemicals and cost
would not be more than one-half when
cultivated. Plowing, $.‘5 to $5 per acre;
first season’s harrowing, $2 to $3 ; sowing
cover crop, peas and beans, etc., amount
to $19.50. Crops may be grown in rows
between, but prevents growth of cover
crop. Second year, wheel harrow or
spring-tooth may be used after plowing
under cover crop in May or June. Cost
of second year need not be over $15.
Succeeding years would cultivate only in
strips between rows. Baldwins will not
yield paying crop until eighth or tenth
year; Spys, 15; Gravenstein, 12 years;
Wealthy, six years. If one has team
and other help the cost need not be quite
as much. s. t. maynard.
Massachusetts.
If the plot was mine I would not break
it up ; would plant in the sod. This will
cost about five cents per tree. I would
then mulch the tree with stable manure
if available, otherwise, mulch with straw
or any vegetable matter, using of the
manure about two bushels by measure per
tree. This cost will vary with the source
of supply of the manure; about five cents
per tree, for an estimate ; the spraying
for the first five years costs about two
cents per tree; for the next five years
about six cents per tree. This spraying
expense is estimated, for weather condi¬
tions and insects present govern the
amount of spraying necessary. The
pruning as practiced here would cost pet-
year for the first five years 30 cents per
acre per year; next five, $1 per acre per
year. The cost of mowing grass and
mulching trees is about 60 cents per
acre per year. This estimate, counting
50 trees per acre, makes annual cost pet-
acre for first five years, $1.90; for second
five years, $4.60. The planting and mulch¬
ing of the trees with manure costs $5
per acre. This would make cost per acre
at end of 10 years as follows: Planting,
$2.50; mulching, $2.50; five year’s cost
at $1.90, $9.50; same period at $4.60, $23.
Total, $37.50. Before the 10 years are
up the orchard here planted and cared for
as above would have more than made
good purchase price and all.
GRANT G. HITCIilNGS.
New York.
I believe that to break up, prepare and
plant an acre of apple trees, including the
cost of trees, 50 to the acre, would cost
about $25. The cost of the full care of
an orchard varies greatly, depending up¬
on the character of treatment and the
land upon which it is located, so that I
should Say the acre of orchard might cost
about $50 to $100 from the time it was
planted up to eight years, when it should
be in shape to pay expenses. With us
York Imperials begin to bear at about
eight years, are bearing nicely at ten
years, and at twelve years old are right
down to business. Baldwins begin bear¬
ing about the same age, also Grimes
Golden. Stayman Winesap and Jonathan
begin bearing a little later.
Adams Co., Pa. Chester j. tyson.
In my own case I have expected the
orchard to pay its own expenses from
the first year, so the cost need not deter
anyone from setting out an orchard. No
novice should set out an orchard with¬
out the advice of an expert. An apple
orchard is a live-long investment. Any
mistake made at the beginning, cannot
be remedied afterward. Our way would
be to set the trees in rows 35 feet apart
both ways and to set peach trees between
the apple trees and a row between the
rows of apple trees, which gives three
peach trees to one apple tree. Then set
the ground between with a low stover
variety of corn, like sweet or popping
corn, or with strawberries, tomatoes,
etc. The cultivation of these crops will
give the trees the best of care and will
pay the expenses of the first two or
three years. The peach trees will need
the ground the fourth year and on for
six or eight years, by which time the
peach trees should be removed and not be
allowed to crowd the apple trees.
Massachustts. j. eames.
We might be able to tell how we
would do it, but when we are asked to
tell the cost of some one else doing it,
the problem is too big for us. In fact we
should not expect to develop two or¬
chards of that size with hired help at the
WHE RURAIv NEW-YORKER
same cost, viz : giving each orchard a
foreman to manage the whole business,
planting, pruning, cultivating, etc.,
neither should we expect the orchards to
be of equal value at that age, even if
the condition of the land was practically
alike. The value of the orchard will
depend very much upon the man behind
it, the cost, location and quality of the
soil. Local conditions count for much,
not so much in the difference in price of
labor per day, but in its quality and intel¬
ligence. A man might start under ideal
conditions in regard to labor, and then in
a few years be greatly handicapped to get
suitable labor at reasonable rates. When
I receive questions like this I wonder
whether anybody inquires of the editor
what it would cost to start an agricul¬
tural paper until it was on a paying basis.
For when we take into consideration that
the bearing age will depend upon the
varieties used, as well as the judgment
used in their care, the question is one
for the agricultural professor who has
had no practical experience in the mat¬
ter. H. 0. MEAD.
Massachusetts.
Suggestions for Parcels Tost. — The
people need and will have parcels post,
and the opposition to it will be over¬
come by retiring the Congressmen who
oppose it. My plan for adopting parcels
post would be as follows : Abolish the
fourth classification of mail matter by in¬
cluding in the third class everything not
now included in the first and second
classes, maintaining the rate of postage
on third class matter as now, one cent for
each two ounces or fraction thereof. The
fourth classification always seemed to me
to bo a supernumerary — a good thing to
get rid of. Besides a large part of mail
matter of the fourth class, viz., seeds and
plants, is already given the third class
rate. And herein are injustices and con¬
fusion. Why should the postage on a
pound of seeds be eight cents, while that
on a pound of other merchandise is 16
cents? Or why should the postage on a
pound of celery seed for planting be eight
cents, while that on a pound of celery
seed for flavoring, though sold for one-
tenth the price of the former, is just twice
as much? Vet this is according to the
present elegant classification of mail mat¬
ter in this country. Since there is no
limit of weight on packages of first and
second class matter I can see no good
reason for limiting the weight of pack¬
ages of matter otherwise classed to four
pounds — unless it be tire four express com¬
panies. Hence I would abolish the weight
limit, or limit all packages of mail mat¬
ter to a weight of not more than 25 pounds.
This plan would give us a simple and eas¬
ily understood classification of mail mat¬
ter and our long sought parcels post. And
I have no doubt that it would also wipe
out the annual shortage of the Postoffice
Department and give in its stead a sub¬
stantial Surplus. F. E. ASl’ I NALL.
Kentucky.
( -
For
Breakfast
The Happy Reply —
Post
T oasties
A crisp, dainty food that
pleases young and old.
Wholesome
Economical
Convenient
Serve with cream or milk
(hot or co d).
“The Memory Lingers”
Postum Cereal Co., Ltd.,
Battle Creek, Mich.
V - - )
A PERFECT STAND
Of potatoea la what you will fat with good
aeed and an Iron Age Planter. It plants 100
per cent, without mlasea or doublea or In¬
jury to the aeed. Every seed piece pieced,
just right, et even apecea end covered uni¬
formly. The boy peya for hie lebor 10 to 20
times over, and tho planter peya for itself—
•akanyuaer. With or without fertilizer distributor.
Farm and
Garden Tools
ISOM ME
have “made good” and proven their
superiority for 75 years. Sand
postal to day for our Anni¬
versary Catalog— it tells all
about our Potato Plantar*,
Cultivators, Diggers, Spray¬
ers, Garden Tools. Wheel - V
Hoes, Drills, etc., and is
r&SI. Don't delay.
BATEMAN M*F*0 CO.
BOX 1036 BREN LOCH. N.
J.
This $1500 Farmers Motor Car
In Many Respects Equals $4000 Cars
FARMERS are delighted to find in this great motor car many of the feat¬
ures of motor cars that cost up to $4000. We have spent years in de¬
veloping the Abbott-Detroit until now it is the one perfectly standardized
motor car in the world selling at $1500 fully equipped. By this we mean that
every part, every detail has been scrutinized and brought to a stage of perfec¬
tion where we find it impossible to improve. For these reasons you get in the
Abbott-Detroit a country service automobile far exceeding your expectations.
“The Car With A Pedigree”
Abbott fidtoir
Looks Just Like Highest Priced Cars
The painting and trimming specifications of
the Abbott-Detroit parallel those of $4000 cars.
The lines, the convenience, the luxury of the
Abbott-Detroit make a great many people think
it costs three times as much as it does.
Over the roughest country roads the Abbott-
Detroit clearly demonstrates.its free easy riding,
its power, its noiselessness, its ability to assim¬
ilate ruts, crossings, hard grades and deep mud.
You are as comfortable as you can be because of
the big, strong, perfectly built springs which
level bumps and make all roads seem like
boulevards.
There are many cars listed at $1500 but by
the time you have paid for all the extras you
have expended up to $2000. The Abbott-Detroit
at $1500 includes everything but top and wind¬
shield. It includes a complete electric light
equipment of two electric headlights and combi¬
nation electric and oil side and rear lamps and
Bosch High Tension or Splitdorf dual ignition
system.
Write to-day for the Book of the Abbott-De¬
troit which gives all the vital information about
this wonderful car and when we send it to you
we will include a letter of introduction to our
local dealer who can show you the car itself.
Our guarantee is more than the ordinary
guarantee. When you become an Abbott-Detroit
owner you make a permanent connection with
our organization. We keep in touch with you
and protect you continually. Just drop us a
postal right now and let us tell you all about it.
Abbott Motor Co.,
1 26 Waterloo St., Detroit, Mich.
DISTRIBUTORS: George L, Reiss, 1778 Broadway, N. Y. City ; J. H. Wright, 28 Market
h t iil.it .1*. X* V T>. ■ ..1. e, TV — ... ..II m . x - . r CT ... . . _
Pull Your Stumps 30 Days
m^r. FREE
At Our
Risk-Bi
Guaranteed 3 Years
Triple-Power— All-Steel
Clear up your stumpy fields with the 3-year
Guaranteed Hercules, now sold on 30 days’
Free Trial. Test it on your place at our risk.
Pulls stumps out, roots and all. 400ft
stronger than any other puller made. Triple
power attachment means one-third greater
pull. The only stump puller guaranteed for
3 years. Only one with Double Safety
Ratchets. Only one with all bearings and
working parts turned, finished and machined,
reducing friction, increasing power, making
it extremely light running. Hitch on to any
stump and the stump is bound to come.
Also pulls largest-sized green trees, hedge¬
rows, etc. Don’t risk dangerous and costly
dynamite. It only shatters stump and
leaves roots in ground.
Special Price Offer
We have a special price proposition to the
first man we sell to in new sections. We
are glad to make you a special price on the
first Hercules sold in your community be¬
cause that will sell many more for us
and save advertising. Write us at once
to get this.
HERCULES Puller
Just write a postal for our special price— 30 days’ Free Trial and all FREE BOOKS
about the only All-Steel. Triple-Power Stump Puller-the Famous Hercules.
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO., 13017th St., Centerville, la*
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE.
HUBBARD’S
B?3E FERTILIZER
ALMANAC
19 11
. . . MANUFACTURED ONLY BY . . .
*Ihe Rogers & Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.
Now ready for distribution.
Send for free Almanac telling all about
Hubbard’s ‘"Bone Base” Fertilizers.
Mailed free to
111 ■■!■■■■
any
address.
34
NEW-YORKER
January 14,
Wood’s Seeds
For The
Farm and Garden
have an established reputation
extending over thirty years, be¬
ing planted and used extensively
by the best Farmers and Garden¬
ers throughout the Middle and
Southern States.
for 1911 will
help you to
Wood’s New
Seed Catalog 5e!p
** determine as
to what crops and seeds to plant
for success and profit. Our pub¬
lications have long been noted
for the full and complete infor¬
mation which they give.
Catalog mailed free on
request. Write for it.
T. W. WOOD & SONS,
Seedsmen, - Richmond, Va.
WeCrowandTest
OurSeedatHome
Nearly all our seed is grown right here on our own farms.
We could buy seed a lot cheaper, but we can't afford to do it
—neither could you afford to plant such stuff, even though
you bought it for a few cents less— because nobody can ever
tell how much of it w ill grow.
Our method makes it easy for you to grow good crops.
We watch the seed plants in the fields all summer, to
make sure that they grow true to type, unmixcd with other
seed; then we carefully clean and thoroughly test it, so that
When You Plant Harris’ Seed You Can
Tell Just How Much of It Will Grow
On every package of our seed is a label telling just how
much of that seed will germinate. If you aren t in the habit
of buying seed that's as carefully grown as that, try our
seed tins year ; it won’t cost you much, if any, more, but
your crops will be far better l Catalogue free.
JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY
Moreton Farm, Box 31. Cold water, N. Y.
>?<
See
| Blue Gibbon
rl C Quality At
LOW PRICES
F
Choose tei
and high j
chances vs
ded seed of known vitality
fielding strain. Why take
-hen you can buy our Blue
ooric — all nriy.fi seeds — as
B
IUW Vi iv »•***»** - -
buy any seeds until you read our
new, valuable book
“The Gateway to
Success” — FREE
Crowded with information every
farmer and gardener needs. Explains
low prices, describes our complete
large stocks of fine Clover* and
Grass Seeds, Alfalfa, Seed Corn,
Oats, Cow Peas, Millet, Sorghum.
Rape, Soja Beans, Potatoes, Onion
Sets, etc., besides the finest Vege¬
table -and Flower Seeds, Lawn
Grass. Write for free book and low
prices quick while stocks are
complete. We fill all orders the day
they are received and guarantee
seeds true to name and descriptions
WOOD, STUBBS & CO.,
Louisville, Ky.
m
NOraffiSIf GROWN
SEED POTATOES
Buy genuine Northern grown
seed potatoes and increase your
yield per acre 50 to 100 bushels.
You cannot afford to plant any
other kind. Our new, rich land,
free from all disease, our cool,
fresh air, produce potatoes which
cannot be excelled for vitality,
strength, beauty of form, color
and large yield. Our beans and
peas are unequalled— we supply
argest growers everywhere. Get
our free 1911 Catalog of Hardy
Northern field, garden and flower
seeds — positively the most com¬
plete and valuable list of thor¬
oughbred seeds ever offered.
See our prices before you
buy. Write.
DARLING & BEAHAN
- Michigan St -
Potoskcy, Mich.
,471
OATS
MIX THE APPLE VARIETIES.
H. R. M., page 1163, is making some
inquiries about setting out 10 acres of
apple orchard in place of a life insur¬
ance policy for his son, and only plant¬
ing two varieties. I hope he will not
make the mistake of planting one kind
on half the ground, and the other va¬
riety on the other half. It should be
planted two or four rows of one vari¬
ety and then two or four rows of the
other, so as to fertilize both varieties.
Wind and insects will scatter the pol¬
len for two rows both ways, and he
will have more apples and of a better
quality. Many orchards are a failure
by not being properly pollenized. Set¬
ting large blocks of one variety is a
sad mistake. I helped set two orchards
of 15 acres each, solid Baldwins, and
one of six acres of a family orchard
mixed, two rows of a kind, and '-he six
acres has given more apples than the
30 of one kind, all set over 40 years
ago. Many orchards of 10 to 100 acres
of solid Ben Davis were set in Illinois
15 to 25 years ago, when people were
crazy over Ben Davis, and they proved
a failure. In a very favorable season
with wind and sunshine the pollen may
be distributed so as to have a partial
crop, and with a cold wet period at
blossoming time (and it seems often
it is the worst week of the year) there
is failure. Better plant at least four
varieties, so the boy can enjoy eating
apples with father and mother most of
the season. S. G. soverhill.
Illinois.
POSSIBILITIES OF ORCHARD HEATERS
I tried 2,500 orchard heaters in an
orchard I bought at Seymour, Mo., last
Spring. On April 18 we had a frost,
with the temperature down to 2S on low
ground and 30 on higher ground. We
lighted the pots at 3 a. m.; the trees
were white with frost then. Inside of
thirty minutes we raised the temperature
six degrees, with the pots only one-third
open. A week later we were struck by
that big storm, had a 30-mile wind and
a temperature of 27° when the apples
were as big as hazelnuts. We lit the
pots, but could not get the heat above
three feet from the ground, the wind was
too strong. I am absolutely convinced
that all still frosts (and most of them
are still) can be fought. With no wind
the oil pot will raise the temperature 10°
with 50 pots per acre burning. This
orchard heating will in a very few years
revolutionize southwestern orcharding.
I bought a 480-acre farm with 240 acres
of bearing orchard upon it, with all the
personal property, for $25,000. I am
looking after a 480-acre orchard for a
stock company that did not cost them
over $30,000. It has cost them now about
$10,000 to put it in first-class condition,
■but it has a bearing capacity of not less
than 40,000 barrels per crop now, and
the trees are only 12 to 24 years old.
The good orchards are fast changing
hands down there, and the new owners,
are going after them Pacific Coast style.
I have bought apples in New York and
the Eastern States for 10 years, I know
what they can produce out there. I am
convinced that the Southwest can raise
as many apples per acre in 10 years, and
of better color and size than New York,
provided the orchards get the care that
the best ones get in New York, and are
equipped with heaters besides.
Wisconsin. c. vollenweider.
ALFALFA
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which we invite yon to get Government tests.
This seed should produce hay at $60 per acre] an¬
nually. Free Instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown end of .ftrongest Titality. We
handle export grade only and can furnish grass
mixture suitable for any soils# Write for catalog.
WING SEED CO., Box 333 Mechanicsburg, O.
THAT YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
breaks all records. Nothing like it.
_ _ _ _ _ Also SEED CORN. Samples and cat-
loag free. THEO. BURT & SONS, MELROSE, OHIO.
WANT TO KNOW.
Drilling Wheat Both Wats. — We drill
2% bushels to the acre. This Fall we
could not get it all on one way, so crossed
It. Will it thin out? The wheat came
up very thick, but looks extra good. Our
drill was not working very well, which is
our reason for not getting it all on the
one way. Will it pay to drill grain both
ways using more seed wheat, oats, rye,
etc.? a. M. D.
Pennsylvania.
R. N.-Y. — We have had no personal ex¬
perience with this kind of seeding. Can
any reader tell us?
BIG RED APPLES
are selling at
10 cents each
There is money in fruit growing right where
you are. Apples are worth twice as much as
oranges, and if you cannot raise apples, there are
other fruits equally profitable.
Start an orchard. Those who have planted
orchards as advised by Green’s Fruit Grower are
getting their reward in big profits. You can pay
for the orchard by growing small fruit in it.
GREEN'S FRUIT GROWER
will tell you how and where to plant, how to prune and spray, and
how to make your trees productive.
It is the oldest and the most popular fruit grower’s magazine. January is
our 30th ANNIVERSARY NUMBER.
Special offer to readers of Rural New Yorker : We will mail new subscrib¬
ers Green’s Fruit Grower one year on trial, at hall price, 25 cents.
GREEN’S FRUIT GROWER CO.,
B0X A> ROCHESTER, N. Y.
caialpa
•'■\v £JJ
©RANDMOliHSRS!
Rainbow Collection
of Sweet Peas
All the exquisite shadings of the Spencer types
Enclose us 10 Cents, Stamps or Coin,
and we will mail you one half
ounce package ; also our catalog
for 1911 included FREE, which is
beautifuly illustrated and full of
New Novelties. Others are se¬
curing this liberal offer. Why
not you ? W rite to-day.
WM. ELLIOTT & SONS
36 Vesey St.. New York
CDCPinOA TDECQ Mine are true to name.
Ol LulUoA IUlLu Free booklet tells all
about the 150 acres I am growing for telephone
r.nies. H.C. ROGERS. Box 111, Mechanicsburg, 0.
Black’s Peach Trees-1911
Peach Trees ere one of our specialties— v ' .
grow for quality aiul not qi< t'y alone. ,,:rl
frees, however, cost little, if any, more than thel
ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but scljj
£-8 direct .saving middleman 's profits, «jr » i »
■New booklet, " Springtime and YafUaDie
> Harvest for the Fruit-grower," free, jj _ _ ■ > i
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co. BOOKlcT
^oxJiVHIghtstownuflew^ersc!^ JT^g
IHDiPPP — 150 ACKK8, Genesee Valley
SJ Ik w grown. “Not the cheapest, but
|\ |\ |\ the best.” Never have bad San
A A t, MU jose Scale. Established I860.
nr rDto GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
CATALOG FREE 20 Maple St., Oansville, N. Y.
1 Bumper Crops of
STRAWBERRIES
in Mid-Summer
and Late Fail.
Send for Catalogue.
T. C. KEVITT
Atlienia, N. J.
SCARFF’S
GOOD SEED CORN
We sold over 11,000 bushels of it last year, and we ex¬
pect to double it this year. Your money back if corn is
not satisfactory. 10 days to test It. Can send either
shelled or in the ear. Also choice lot of seed oats, barley,
speltz, timothy and potatoes. We cannot tell you more
about it here, but our catalog is free. Send for it to-day.
W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio
OTV/OAf SEED
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg, Plat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
■ - THEILMANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA. -
WHOLESALE
On Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry. Gooseberry.
Currant. Asparagus and Grape Plants, Heavy Rooted,
High Grade Stock. 19th Annual Catalogue Free.
R. WESTON SCO, R 8 Bridgman. Mich.
A. «. WESTON « CO,
ST. REGIS
EVERBEARING
RASPBERRY
t <
THAT GERMAN RYE”
Those wishing to get
the imported seed for
spring sowing, must have their order here not
later than Feb. 10, when the last cable order will go
out. Price reduced for Rural readers to 510.00 per
hundred kilos (about four bushels).
FRANK HYDE, Peekskill, N. Y.
ninrT) pr\TC-' Three-Inch, $1.25 a 1,000 ;
L ArClV 1 1 3 four-inch, $1.75 a 1,000.
P. B. CROSBY & SON, Oatonsville, Md.
QTRAWBERRY PLANTS — All the leading and moneymaking
0 varieties ready to ship now. D. RODWAY. Hartly.Del.
Bears tlie first season !
The most productive rasp¬
berry — plauted in April, bears
continuously from June to
October of same year. Tile
first to ripen and the last. Ber¬
ries larg«». of bright red color
and excellent quality — ship
200 miles in first-class order.
Absolutely hardy a sun-proof.
Our new catalog Free — tells
how to choose and grow small
fruits * ‘that produce profits.’*
Je T* LOVETT*
Box 162 Little Silver, N. 3.
CLOVER SEED
Mammoth and Medium Red Clover Seed. I buy
direct from the farmer that grows It. Will mail
you sample and quote you prices on lots of two
bushels up. M. L. WHITE, NOBl.ESVlLLE, Inu.
Fresh Dug Nursery Stock.
A complete assortment of the finest Genesee Valley
Grown Fruit Trees, etc. Stock guaranteed, prices
riKht cataeio|ue.r free L- W. HALL&GO., Rochester, N.Y.
GALLOWAY
SAVES YOU
$50 to $300
I | A
o _ _ ,
. 1 a real engine factory. Save dealer, jobber and catalogue house profit. No such offer
as I make on the class of engine I sell has ever been made before in all Gasoline Engine
history. Here is the secret and reason : 1 turn them out all alike by the thousands in my
enormous modern factory, equipped with automatic machinery. I sell them direct to you
for less money than some factories can make them at actual shop cost.
All you pay me for is actual raw material, labor and one small profit (and I buy my
material :n enormous quantities).
Anybody can afford and might just as well have a high grade engine when he
can get in on a wholesale deal of this kind. I’m doing something that never was
done before. Think of it 1 A price to you that is lower than dealers and
jobbers can buy similar engines for, in carload lots, for spot cash.
An engine that is made so good in the factory that I will send
it out anywhere in the U. S. without an expert to any inexperienced
users, on 30 days’ free trial, to test against any engine made of
similar horse-power that sells for twice as much, and let him
be the judge. Sell your pooro&t horse and buy a
5-U.-P. Only $119.50
je>
Get Gattoway’s
Biggest and Best
BOOK
GASOLINE
ENGINE
PlP
Write today for my beautiful new 50-page Engine Book in four
colors, nothing like it ever printed before, full of valuable information,
showing how I make them and how you can make more money with a
gasoline engine on the farm. Write me —
Wm. i'nlloway, Pres., Wm. Galloway Co,
665 Galloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa
1911.
85
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
HANDLING THE POULTRY MANURE.
J. R. G., Mercliantville, N. J. — We are
putting our place out in fruit trees ; apples
and peaches, and as we accumulate quite a
to some one else at a little profit, and
third, that they may sell them themselves
to some one in a failing condition who
desires to have a lot of worthless securities
lot of manure we wish to know how to in b*s. box that he may give as an excuse
handle it to best advantage. We have a for bis failui'e- There may be other rea^
small house in which we place the drop¬
pings from the droppings boards in our
chicken houses. This house is full. If
sons than these, but these I think are the
principal ones for such action.”
‘‘The business in defaulted bonds and
necessary or profitable we can build an- W01‘thless securities is certainly not of a
high order, but as Ipng as these things are
around there will always be some one to
trade in them. The following cases occur
to me : The dealers take a chance on
being able to pick a flaw in an old fore¬
closure, or reorganization, with little to
lose, and much to gain if successful. Some-
other, but we have been advised that we
can. as we accumulate it, mix these drop¬
pings with barnyard or stable manure in
one large compost out of doors, exposed to
the weather. Is this . advisable or would
it pay us to build another store house and
save droppings until Spring, or can they
be broadcast throughout the Winter, or times, if they can get together enough
throughout the year as we accumulate secuiities to make it an object, smart
them? Again, we have large quantities of counsel can be ^ired on a contingent fee
broken straw which we sweep up from to “ako £be try' ‘H°P° springs eternal,
the scratching floors of the pens each 10 e£c” aPPlb?s to defaulted securities. We
days; this has more or less droppings, but saw ^r‘ Dawson make a campaign on Bay
the straw is not rotting. What would we ^tate Gas, and who can tell who else might
best do with this? Dare we use it in our not make a camPaiSn 011 something else
pigpens? We are afraid of lice getting on so“® day?
our pigs. We can get lots of straw, so Secondly, the business of furnishing
that we do not need it in our pigpens. ^cti1;ioas assets to parties who have failed
So you see we have four different kinds iu business aud bave uo plausible show of
of manure to take care of, droppings- assets is’ 1 have uo doubt’ cat ered t0 by
boards, stable or barnyard, pigpen, and these dealers’ aud 1 imagine there is a
scratching floor. We do not need much fiaod deal moie of this than people realize,
of our manure for farming, as we do very and £n so £ai’ as £bis *s dishonest, the
little; we wish to fertilize our trees and dealers are really not necessarily tespon-
let them have lots to “eat.” sible, because they may have a chance to
. . turn over their defaulted securities at a
/\NS. 1 he poultry manure question small profit, without knowing what use is
is discussed in “The Business Hen.” to be made of them, in 30 years’ experi
There are two chief things to avoid in ence in Wal1 stl‘eet I never heard of a case
handling this manure-mixing if with f a“y btroker , iu defaulted security at-
.. ... tempting to palm them otf dishonestly, aud
lime or wood ashes, or permitting it to i imagine such cases are rare. Some of the
become moist and warm. In either other brokers iu these things are a good
event you will lose ammonia. In the deal liko nigbt bawks> and I would fight
case above mentioned we should build *hy * thte“’ They are tbe scavensers o£
another house or shed for the manure. “if these bonds get into the hands of
Use an abundance of plaster, road dust dishonest parties it is probable that they
or “floats” under the perches, and dry wlu attemPt to work them off on ignorant
out the manure. Then if kept under and TTT'lu* people’ f,but 1 aiu in’
. u i • ... , . formed that there is another purpose in
tne . shed it will be hard and dry in the purchase of these bonds. The buyer
Spring. It will pay to crush it fine pays very little for them. I have known
before using. On a farm where plant cascs where large blocks have sold in the
food is greatly needed we advise mix- aucti°n roo‘n £or $5 and and tbese can
. . , . sometimes be turned in to the purchaser of
ing t ns crushed manure with cheitll- a defunct corporation who will take them
cals as advised in “The Business Hen.” for some reason only known to themselves.
In any event, if it is saved at all we is fluite possible that in the case of a
should keep it dry and crush before failroad that bas been ^organized and
~ , . later sold to another road, the latter would
using. Some poultrymen scatter the be willing to pay a small price for an old
manure as fast as made over grass issue of bonds to clear up the records. I
land. There is probably some loss of know a case of the officers of a State who
ammonia from this plan, but it means issued bonds unauthorized by the Legis-
.• , , , , . lature aud which the State afterwards re-
o y f time. We should not mix pudiated. It seems to me that it would
the hen manure with other kinds in be good business for the present State
an open yard. It would be better to officers, if they could retire the whole issue
mix with cow manure than with horse, at a very uoniiual figure, to do so. it
• ,■ • , , , , , would be a cheap way of disposing of the
since the former is colder and the hen matter.”
manure would act somewhat like kind- — - -
ling to start fermentation. Where one
can make a compost of muck, old sods
or other refuse, the hen manure is
good to quicken the chemical actions
which are needed to make the plant
food available. We would not use the
straw from the henhouses to bed the
hogs. Use it around the trees as a
mulch, being careful not to leave it
close up to the stems during Winter,
so the mice will not nest under it and
gnaw the trees.
USES FOR DEFAULTED BONDS.
Some of our readers have received circu¬
lars much like the following, and have
wondered what is done with these old, de¬
faulted securities :
“1 will buy old, repudiated or defaulted
bonds, also defunct or inactive railroad
and other securities. Bonds wiped out by
reorganization, also good but unsaleable
securities in estates bought. Send me a
memorandum of what you hold in this line
with dates of certificates. Save safe de¬
posit charges on non-dividend payers.
Wanted : — Old Railroad Stocks and Bonds
Old Canal Company Bonds.
Defaulted Township and State
Bonds.
Old Non-dividend Railroad Stocks,
and other American Securities
„ over 10 years old.
Not Wanted :
Gold and Silver Mining stocks,
Oil Company stocks.”
We have asked several bankers and brok¬
ers about this and some of their replies are
given below :
“I have always understood that the par¬
ties who are picking up old repudiated and
defaulted bonds are doing so for three dif¬
ferent reasons. First, that they may find
something which on investigation may.
prove to have some value, which the. par¬
ties selling them da not understand ; sec¬
ond, that they may be able to sell them
When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 10.
OLD COMMON SENSE.
Change Food When You Feel Out of Sorts.
“A great deal depends upon yourself
and the kind of food you eat,” the wise
old doctor said to a man who came to
him sick with stomach trouble and sick
headache once or twice a week, and who
had been taking pills and different medi¬
cines for three or four years.
He was induced to stop eating any sort
of fried food or meat for breakfast, and
was put on Grape-Nuts and cream, leav¬
ing off all medicines.
In a few days he began to get better,
and now he has entirely recovered and
writes that he is in better health than
he has been before in twenty years. This
man is 58 years old and says he feels
“like a new man all the time.”
Read “The. Road to Wellville,” in
pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter ? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
Leffe! Steam Power
Should Be Yours
— because you want the simplest, strong¬
est, most econom ical, most dependable
and mostdurable engine. Steam has
held its place atthe top and LefTel
Steam Engines and Hollers are the
known best of all Steam Out¬
fits. Write NOW for
Free Booklet. Address
James Leffel & Co.
BOX 250
Springfield,
Ohio
BIG LABOR SAVING MACHINE
on FREE TRIAL
/
Freight Prepaid
Guaranteed lOYears
Send the coupon at the bottom of
this advertisement and get full par¬
ticulars of my free trial offer.
I will send, freight prepaid, without trouble
or red tape, the wonderful labor-saving Luther
Farm Special Tool Grinder — with 12 different
attachments — for 10 days’ free trial. If you do
not want it after you have sharpened all
your farm tools, return it and I’ll pay the return
freight too.
I make this offer to prove to you how
necessary my grinder is on your farm
— how it makes all your farm work easier — and
to show you the marvelous sharpening power
of Carborundum wheels and how they will
not draw temper.
Luther Farm Special
Tool Grinder 25 Ti m •• |Fa«t«r
Than Grindstone—
6 Timas Fastar Than Emory — Cuarantead 10
Years — Half Million Now in Usa.
You can do all your farm work quicker and easier because of
sharp tools, and in sharpening them you can do in a few minutes
what would take you half an hour with the [grindstone. You
can take your rustiest, dullest, old tools and make them like
new in a minute or two. And when you consider how little the
Luther Tool Grinder costs — no more than a week’s pay of a
hired hand — and that it’s on the job for a life-time, no pro¬
gressive farmer can afford to be without it.
CARBORUNDUM
Carborundum is the most wonderful sharpening substance the
world has ever known. It is made of artificial diamond crystals
created in the most terrific heat of mammoth electrical furnaces
at Niagara Falls where it gets a temper and sharpness that cuts
the hardest steel. No cooling with water is needed and there’s
no danger of drawing temper from steel because with the gen¬
uine Carborundum no pressure is necessary to sharpen the
dullest tool.
There is ONLY ONE Carborundum and it is found
on the Luther Grinders — so beware of imitations with mis¬
leading names and descriptions Get the Luther Grinder with
the 10-year guaranteed, genuine Carborundum wheels.
12 Machines in One
Get my wonderful grinder on your
farm and you can sharpen all your tools
twenty-five times faster than with a
grindstone and without danger of draw¬
ing temper from steel or the need of cool
ing with water
No. 1 Carborundum Sickle Wheel.
No. 2 Carborundum Coarse Grinder
No. 3 Carborundum Fine Grinder
No. 4 Carborundum Saw Gummer.
No. 5 Carborundum Scythe Stone.
No. 6 Carborundum Oil Stone
No. 7 Carborundum Razor Hone
No. 8 Carborundum Pocket Hone in
Leather Case.
No. 9 Carborundum Rust Remover
No. 10 Buffing Wheel
No. 11 Tool Rest
No. 12 Patent Sickle Holder.
Handiest Tool On Farm
I have neglected to mention every time,
in writing you. what 1 think about your
grinder. I think more of your farm grinder
as a handy and time-saving implement than
anything on my farm.
F. N. NEAL, Bristow, la.
10 DAYS
TRIAL— FBEIGHT PREPAID
Send Coupon For Particulars
Cut out coupon and get full particulars about my 10 days’
free trial offer. There are no strings to it — no obligations of
any kind
I will also send McClure Magazine’s interesting story about
the discovery of Carborundum.
Remember, you’re under no obligations when vou return the
coupon. It brings you the details of my straightforward offer,
and how you can take advantage of it. So don’t hesitate—
just clip out the coupon now — and send it.
LUTHER GRINDER MFD. CO. c-&iSK.“
143 Madison Strest MILWAUKEE, WIS.
1 Luther Grinder Mfg. Co.
1 143 Madl8in St. Milwaukte, WIs. I
Gentlemen: Please send me full *
I details of the 10 days’ Free Trial Offer I
and McClure’s story of Carborundum. ■
_ It is distinctly understood that this re- _
| quest places me under no obligations.
| Name .
| Address .
£State . Co . R. F. D..... M
Y
Sm
The greatest labor-savers and time-savers ever invented for the farm" i
and garden ! A Planet Jr does the work of 3 to 6 men ; and does ■
it better. Makes you independent of indifferent help. Made by a|
practical farmer who knows the every-day need of other farm¬
er5’ Thirty-five years’ experience. Fully guaranteed.
1 N°. 4 j Planet Jr Combined Seeder and Wheel-Hoe saves time, labor
seed and money. Almost all useful garden implements in one. Adjustable in a minute J
insnTaU -frdcnsa seeds- hou- oulti™te, weed, or plow. Pays for itself quickly, even
| No. 8 1 Planet Jr Horse-Hoe and Cultivator will do more f things
in more ways than any other horsc-hoe made. Plows to or from the *
row. A splendid furrower, coverer, hiller, and horse-hoe: and un¬
equaled as a cultivator.
The 1911 Planet Jr catalogue is free. It illustrates,
and describes 55 different implements for the
farm and garden.
Write for it today.
S L Allen & Co ■ - mnr
Box 1107 V Philadelphia Pa - ■ di&r W
Can You Afford to Waste Grain?
tiona l>y :no8t8uece88ful stock-raisers in thiscountry.
how to feed hogs, cattle, inilk-eows, horses, sheep and
poultry. Don’t miss this opportunity. W rite to-day 1
Hew z/feUand Feed Mills
are money-makers for farmers and stock-raisers.
They grindcorn on the cobor smallgrain perfectly.
W ill grind coarse for stock.or llneas flour for table.
Easy to run. Use any kind of power. 6sizes. Get
one from your dealer on FreeTrial. If he hasn’t
one, write us. We will then supply you and give
you an extended Free Trial. Send for catalogue.
NEW HOLLAND MACHINE CO., Box 41 New Holland. P*.
PROFITABLE INVESTMENT
Republic
OrnamentalFence
will enhance the value
of your property.
rnamental
Republic ?
aremade by cabling large heavily galvanized wires
and in serting heavy upright wire pickets, corrugated
only at point of intersection ; thus forming an immovable joint
withoutinjuringthe galvanized coating. Most durable fence made.
T*riety of beautiful designs. May be erected with wood or iron posts,
write for catalog. If you need Farm Gates, write for Special Farm Gate Catalog.
Ill-
86
January 14,
PRODUCTS, PRICES and TRADE
Wool. — Boston is the great wool market
of this country, and is Beginning the year
with heavy stocks, especially of western
wools. The present outlook is not favorable
to higher prices.
Mints in the United states coined money
to the value of .$111,501,133 during 1910.
The total number of pieces was 213,962,-
716, of which 8,586,493 were gold and 22,-
361,652 silver.
Of a cargo of 4,643 pigs from China,
arriving at London, England, 319 were con¬
demned because examination showed tuber¬
culosis.
Cabbage, in New York City, has been
lower than in interior markets, $9 to $11
per ton. Trade in this vegetable is rather
light during the holidays, and will probably
pick up later.
There are now in this country 7,231
national banks, with authorized capital of
$1,014,591,135, and outstanding circulation
of $727,705,981. In the South 393 banks
were started during the past year, with
total capital of $9,364,500.
Year’s Metal Output. — The production
of pig iron in the United States was 27,-
200,000 tons; copper, 649,107 tons; lead,
469,682 tons ; and zinc, 267,423 tons. The
world’s total production of iron was 63,-
169,000 tons, and of copper, 890,000 tons.
Following are current metal prices at first
hand in this country : Foundry iron, $14
per ton; copper, 12% cents per pound;
lead, 4.45 cents.
Customs Notes. — During 1910, 331,322
passengers landing at the port of New
York paid $1,776,280.74 duty on baggage.
In the 22 months that the present Col¬
lector of the I’ort has been in office, $3,941,-
276.83 has been collected in fines on un¬
dervaluations and other forms of customs
dishonesty. Toronto, Canada, had a record
customs year, duties paid amounting to
$14,075,000, a gain of $2,275,000 over the
preceding year.
Italians for Truck Farming. — I have
about 100 acres of land suitable for gar¬
dening and would like to correspond with
some families of foreigners. Do you know
of any associations that interest themselves
in finding locations for such people?
Michigan. S. B. M.
It will be well to correspond with Labor
Information Office for Italians, 59 La
fayette street, New York, or with the
Scandinavian-American Line, 1 Broadway,
N. Y. The Italian bureau named is main¬
tained by the Italian Government for the
purpose of helping immigrants of that na¬
tionality to get out on the land instead
of congregating in the cities.
Potatoes from Porto Rico. — At the end
of December consumers in the suburban
towns 15 miles from New York were pay¬
ing $1 a bushel for potatoes from Porto
Rico. They were excellent, smooth, white
tubers, of good quality, with little waste.
Local potatoes had sold for 75 cents to $1
a bushel earlier in the season, but the
quality was not good, owing to an unfavor¬
able season, and there was a good deal of
complaint from purchasers. Those Porto
Rico potatoes come in free of duty, and are
no doubt handled at favorable steamer
transportation rates. These suburban buy¬
ers afford a good market, and one would
imagine that such trade would make a
favorable outlet for growers in the Eastern
States, rather than an outlying island.
Christmas Florists’ Trade. — The holi¬
days just past showed an increasing sale
of pot plants ; trade authorities in New
York report practically all the pot plants
on the market cleaned out, and there is
no doubt the sales weie unprecedented in
most cities. Palms, ferns and Arcaucarias
(Norfolk Island pine) are always sold large¬
ly in addition to flowering plants. The
showy Poinsettlas, with their vivid red
bracts, are strong favorites; a great many
Cyclamens are sold, quantities of Begonias,
and a variety of miscellaneous stock. The
increasing inclination to buy plants as
Christmas gifts is to be commended, and
not only from the florist’s standpoint. Cut
flowers did not do so well ; there was a
vast amount of stock on the market, medi¬
um sales and low prices. Quantities of pink
roses sold at $3 to $6 per 100, though
some very choice Killarney and My Mary¬
land reached $15, $20 and $25. Very choice
Richmond is reported at $25 to $50 per
100; American Beauty, $6 to $12 per
dozen, but the latter for extras only. Car¬
nations ranged from $3 to $10 per 100,
the latter for choice red, though there
were some sales of extra stock at prices
above the market. There was a slump in
violets at the end of the week, but the
quoted price was $1.25 per 100, some spe¬
cials going up to $1.50; lily of the valley,
$2 to $4 per 100; lilies, $10 per 100;
sweet peas, $1.50 to $2 per dozen bunches;
Paper White Narcissus, $1 to $2 per 100 ;
white Roman hyacinths, $1 to $1.50 per
100. Gardenias (Cape jasmine) were $1 to
$4 per dozen, which is not very consoling
to a man who grows high-grade long¬
stemmed flowers. Cattleyas, those beautiful
mauve and purple orchids, which suggest
ideas of luxury to most women, were 50
cents to $1 each. Wallflowers, which are
grown as a catch crop, ran about 35 cents
per bunch of six sprays ; these find their
outlet chiefly among high-class retailers,
who add a few sprays to a box of flowers
because of their delicious fragrance. Pink
lupines are among novelties grown in the
same way. The sales or Christmas greens
are reported as far beyond all previous
years. Immense quantities of holly were
sold, but late arrivals caused a great slump
in the price two days before Christmas.
The previous week holly sold on the pier
in New York at $4 to $5 per case, but
great quantities arrived as late as Decem¬
ber 23, which caused the price to drop as
low qs 75 cents per case in large lots, and
$2 per case retail. It was said that
much holly was short of berries, but we saw
much that was of high quality, and the
foliage was generally very good.
Selling Potatoes Direct. — “Can you
tell me of anyone in New Y’ork City to
whom I can sell potatoes direct without
going through the hands of middleman ?”
New York. A. R.
We know of no retailer who could be
recommended. Of course they are not all
dishonest, but some who are so to-day may
be to-morrow, when bad debts or some
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
_ _
Guaranteed Implements
Backed by over 35 years’ experience of
practical farmer and manufacturer. You run no^^ y&N.
risk when you get a Planet Jr, and you will be
surprised at how much more and better work^^fcS^v y.v
^ Ilk. you can do with less labor. Planet Jrs are
light and strong, and last a life-time.
. ! -^klNo. 25 1 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder,
j Double- Wheel Hoc, Cultivator and Plow opens the _
* furrow, sows seed in drills or hills, covers, rolls, marks “f'/?
m. out next row. Also has perfect cultivating attachments/^^ '•;: j
\INo. 16 I Planet Jr Single Wheel-Hoe, CuItivator^Nj, ?
Rake and Plowis a most useful adjustable garden tool/^k
Keeps ground in thorough condition. The new pressed-
steel frame makes the tool practically indestructible,
-'■•'jjlk Write today for 1911 illustrated catalogue of all
Planet Jr implements. Free and postpaid.
" S L Allen & Co Box uo7v Phila Pa
For Orchard and Farm ;
All genuine “Cutaways” are intense cultivators and
will increase your crops 25 to 50 percent. Our Double
Action "Cutaway” Harrow is a wonderful invention
—can be used in fleld or orchard. Perfect center
draft. Drawn by two medium horses will move the
earth twice on every trip. We can prove it.
“Intensive Cultivation,” our new catalogue is Free.
Send for it today.
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.. 839 Main St.. Himnom, Conn.
unfortunate turn of trade pinches them.
The writer has looked up a good many
cases where people who had sent goods to
such merchants direct found themselves in
trouble, and knows how difficult it is to
squeeze a settlement out of a man with
but little capital and low business rating.
The risk of sending produce to them is
too great. Possibly the Grange or some
live producers’ associations may get at this
matter in the future and establish, in sev¬
eral large cities, stores that will sell far¬
mers’ wares to the consumer, taking only one
instead of several profits. The idea is
not a new one. It has been thrashed out
frequently in farmers’ meetings and in
print, but it seldom gets beyond the talk
stage in which it is proposed to crowd out
the middlemen. When a grocer who means
business starts a store, be hires a building,
gets his stock of goods and offers them
to the people. That is. Just the proposition
that is before an organization of farmers
who want to sell their produce direct to
the consumers in a large city. It is more
a matter of having the right goods and
being accommodating, than of fighting the
middleman or crowing about what is to
be done when he is put out of business.
w. w. H.
Protection Against Rabbits.
We have always depended on tarred
paper to prevent damage by mice in the
orchards, and have had little trouble from
any gnawing above the paper. We have
never used any wash or spray, and there¬
fore I have no advice to give in reference
to same. We have had considerable trou¬
ble where we have neglected to wrap the
trees ; have been quite successful in saving
the trees by bridging over (inarching)
with small twigs and covering with clay
and cow manure. chas. s. pope.
Maine.
School of Box Packing. — The Depart¬
ment of Pomology of Cornell will hold a
packing school for box anplcs during Farm¬
ers’ Week, February 20-25. A series of
lectures covering the theory and practice
of packing will be given in the forenoons,
and laboratory practice in the afternoons.
The laboratory work will consist of the
actual practice of wrapping and packing
apples. The course is open to everyone.
Inasmuch as tjhe laboratory facilities are
limited, it will be necessary to register
in advance for the work. Those who wish
the course are requested to send their
names to the department at once.
Martin Fertilizers
again, in lfllO, fa r exceed expectations in sales and
crop results. Farmers for 20 or more years using
fertilizers say they never had as good crops as with
Martin’s; oats over (HI bu.. wheat over 30 bn. per
acre with but 150 pounds. Agents are selling more
MARTIN PURE ANIMAL BONE FERTILIZERS easier and in
less time than any they ever sold. Haw materials
used are of the best and chiefly from our own? large
abattoirs and stockyards. We want active, re¬
sponsible agents at once. Farmers who have spare
time durint: the winter can add to their Incomes.
Write NOW. Mention this paper.
D. B. MARTIN CO., 706 Penn Bldg’., Pittjburg, Pa.
BUY LIME NOW/
sacks, carlots,
for S7.50 per fon. Lime screenings in bnlk, from
best grade of burnt lime, S5.00 per toa. f. o. b.
cars any point between Buffalo and New York
on main lines of the N. Y. Central. Erie, T). L.
& W. and <\ R. R. of N. J. Order early before
the great demand sets in and delays shipments.
Address J. W. BALLARD CO., Binghamton. New York.
| Cfl Farmc FOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile
KJU I □ I III O Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder. Newtown. Pa.
WHY
The Bowker Grand Prize
of $500 was awarded to a
Crop of 127 Bushels Yel¬
low Flint over one of 133
Bushels White Dent at
the New England Corn Show at Worcester, Mass.
jiff" Because of Greater Food Value
I
The Protein, Fat, Sugar, etc., contained in the crop
of 127 bushels yellow Hint (equal to 103
bushels crib-dry shelled corn) grown by
Perley E. Davis, Granby, Mass., was .
The Protein, Fat, Sugar, etc., contained in the crop
of 133 bushels white dent (equal to 83
bushels crib-dry shelled corn) was
Difference in food value in favor of Flint Crop
4934 Lbs.
4102 Lbs.
832 Lbs .
According- to feeding: values approved by Dr. J. R. Lindsey,
Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, the Davis
crop fed for beef and the average amount assimilated would
produce . . . • 1155 lbs. of beef.
While the Dent crop would yield . 951
Prof. R. M- Washburn, Vermont Experiment Station has
figured out that if the Davis crop was fed for milk, it would
produce . 13,051 lbs. of milk,
and the Dent crop . . • 10,746
it i i
This contest shows that the Stockbridge Corn Manure produces not only a large amount
of corn per acre, but with the right kind of seed, a corn rich in food -constituents.
Use StocKbridge and Get
Greatest Food Value From Your Land
Send today for full particulars concerning next year’s prizes. Also for our new
Stockbridge Catalogue and Book of the Corn Contest, mailed free.
Fertilizer Company,
43 Chatham St., Boston, Mass.
BOWKER
1
\
1011.
THtC RURAL N IC W - Y O RKER
37
VALUE OF CORN FODDER.
Advice on Cutting and Storing.
In these times of high feed, with hay
at $14 to $30 per ton, the importance
of this coarser feed comes into play as a
god substitute if properly handled and
fed. Corn cut and put up when suffi¬
ciently glazed has usually its stalks and
leaves in a green state filled with nutri¬
ment. In cutting for feeding purposes,
one should do so at this stage, for if
left longer, the fiber both of the leaves
and stalks gets woody, similar to over¬
ripe Timothy, and loses the greater por¬
tion of the feeding value ; every frost
and rain subsequently deteriorates it in
value, and many of the leaves fall and
are lost. I prefer to put in large shocks,
containing approximately 100 hills, or in
other words, cut 10x10. These shocks
I make over a stool of four lulls, then
later if severe storms occur, more stand
than if made smaller. Very nearly as
much fodder gets blackened by the
weather upon the outside of a small
shock as a larger one, and when placed
in the latter it stands better, and as no
storms or sun penetrate to the interior,
when husked, the fodder, although cured
perfectly, will be found nearly as green !
in color and as palatable as the day it
was cut.
The biggest difference imaginable ex¬
ists in the feeding value of corn fodder,
whether placed in larger or smaller
shocks. It has been stated that corn is
very apt to rot or mould if placed in
large shocks. During my observation of
others and an experience of 20 years in
harvesting my corn in large to very large
shocks, I have never found a shock
ruined by so handling. In a tour through j
corn sections where they shock it one
will readily find more small shocks down
than larger ones. Corn when cut at the
right stage, cured properly in large
shocks, shredded, and when fed, salted
slightly, will be found nearly if not even,
as nutritious as the best hay and at one-
third its cost. It has also this in its
favor : it is never dusty and seldom
musty. One may ration horses with bad
wind, heaves, etc., on shredded corn fod¬
der and keep them for years of useful¬
ness, whereas if fed on an all-hay and
grain ration they would last but a short
time. As for worms, as some, not well
informed, contend corn fodder will pro¬
duce in horses, I will say that rather
they are a condition of the animal and
not a creation caused by feeding it, and
indeed had I wormy horses they, by all
means, would get due rations of this ex¬
cellent feed. If farmer friends would
experiment more and study the value of
good corn fodder a different meaning
than at present would attach to the
phrase, “wintering through on corn
stalks.” At present it is the one feed
crop most neglected of all on farms.
Eveii after four or five heavy rains, when
clover gets black as one’s hat and its
value literally washed away, many will
rush it to the cover of the barn as
though some treasure, and stack this fod¬
der, worth three times as much for feed, '■
under the eaves outside to freeze full
of snow and ice, during the Winter.
This is certainly poor policy. Lucky
the farmer who has tons of properly
cured, carefully housed shredded fodder,
not only to feed his cattle, but also for
his horses and colts. g. a. randall.
Michigan.
More Corx Harvester Talk. — I would
like to ask A. H. D. of Virginia, page
1004, wbat he needs three men for with a
corn harvester. One must have been lone¬
some and wanted company. If one man
with a good team cannot cut five acres a
day easy there would better be a man on
the job that knows his business. As for
plowing down the corn stubble, which Mr.
Itines objected to, I can only say that I
plowed my five acres of corn stubble in a
little over 40 hours actual time, and had
no bother on account of stalks being too
long. Still some plowing being done (No->
vein her 27), but weather is turning raw
and stormy. Streams and ponds very low
and wells dry ; more so than for years.
Vassalboro, Me. c. j. B.
Trouble with Dwarf Apple.
F. L., Ridgefield Park , Ar. J. — What is
the trouble with a dwarf apple tree, prob¬
ably eight years old, imported from France,
which has been planted in my garden for
three years? It is a strong, vigorous tree,
seemingly in good health, except numerous
galls on branches and twigs, of which I en¬
close specimen, also please advise treat¬
ment. This tree in spite of its size and
vigor bore only one apple year before last
and none last year.
Ans. — The branches sent have been,
evidently, infested with the Woolly aphis.
As you are aware, this is one of the
worst pests on apple trees in this coun¬
try when it once becomes firmly estab¬
lished. There are two forms, the branch,
or aerial form, and the root, or under¬
ground form, the latter of which is much
the worse. In fact, it is the root form
that causes the serious trouble, and the
branch form serves as an indication of
the presence of the root form. The
knots on the branches are not caused
by the insect itself, although the aphids
take advantage of the crevices afforded
by the enlargements and live in the pro¬
tecting nooks. I would suggest that
inquirer examine the root of his
tree, and if he finds the Woolly aphis
present to hoe away the dirt around
the trunk of the tree in a circle four
feet in diameter, say, to the depth of
three or four inches. Then the soil in
this circle should be soaked with 15
per cent, kerosene emulsion, using
probably three or four gallons over the
area indicated. After treatment the dirt
should be replaced. A word of precau¬
tion is necessary, viz., that the kerosene
emulsion should not be applied at this
time of the year while the tree is dor¬
mant, because strange to say, injury is
liable to result. He should, therefore,
wait until the tree becomes active in
the Spring and the sap is circulating
before making the application. Regard¬
ing the knots themselves, I should say
that they were caused by some physi¬
ological irritation, possibly by the pres¬
ence of the aphids upon the roots. Very
likely, however, it is simply the manner
of growth of the tree itself and not
due to any injury. The branch form
of the aphis may be controlled by spray¬
ing with kerosene emulsion. g. w. h.
It. N.-Y. and you’ll got a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page
DAILY
OUTPUT
18,000
BBLS
YEARLY
OUTPUT
OVER
6,500.000
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
Gasoline Engines for Farm Work
LITTLE GIANT ENGINES FURNISH
The Cheapest Power on Eai*th
Lillie
Giant
Simple
2 SIZES
21 and 4
Horse
Power
Im,*1
te;
Mi
fgiifli
pSi
lili illli : ,
m
ijtlillEMjil
MM
iSl*
iffllM
»■"!!»
Si
01
fflIMlV
hffiS
Ml!
HfflW
wS*L
Everything about
Little Giant Engines
is as simple and get-at-able as
the most expert designers can
make it.
Easy to Start
four-cycle principle which al¬
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gas for starting.
PftWPrflll These engines
i one i iui wiu develop l5%
more power than our rating,
when the work demands it.
Will Run Anywhere
and can be taken anywhere to
run. The II. P. Engine
take up only 24 x 57 inches floor
space, is 48 iuches high and
weighs but 550 lbs.
Cost of Operating J™
a half pints of gasoline per hour,
when developing full power, is
all this engine requires to do the
hard work of the farm.
Our Price is Only
*6975
For a 2 % H.P.
LITTLE
GIANT
ENGINE
Fully Equipped and Warranted for Five Years
i"
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mm
Belter Factory Facilities
and an increase in the
, . . r , - number of engines built
enabled us recently to reduce very materially the price of Little
Giant Lngines. Following the well known policy of the house
we immediately gave our customers the benefit of this reduction
from s93.2o to $69. <o while giving a better engine for the lower
price.
Use a Gasoline Engine for Running
The Wood Saw The Ensilage Cutter
The Cream Separator The Feed Cutter
The Washing Machine The Corn Sheller and for
The Hay Baler all other power purposes
SIZES AND PRICES:
EF 93200 H. P. bore 4", stroke 6", Normal speed 400 R. P. M., pulley 6"x6", floor space 24"x57"
PF Qqoi n oX? 4p VnAP?rOXirte shiPPinS weiSht 550 lbs . ’$69.75
EF 93202 — 4 H. P. bore 5", stroke 7 }£, normal speed 400 R. P. M.,
pulley 8" x 6", floor space 26" x 57", height 52". Approx¬
imate shipping weight 800 lbs . . . . . 89.50
EF 93212 — 4 H. P. as above, with magneto . 97.50
(oAtgK'Kflndt* C
Our Gasoline Enaine Cafalonue showing all sizes and kinds of engines adapted to farm
Y , K ijiiyuic tnidiuyut, work, with pumps and supplies, a mine of information
about farm power, sent on request. Just write “Send me your Gas Engine Book” on a post card and
C}iicago° the houSe nearest y°u> 19th and Campbell Sts., Kansas City or Chicago Avenue Bridge,
Montgomery Ward & Co.
KANSAS CITY
CHICAGO
38
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
January 14,
Hope Farm Notes
Both Ends. — New Year’s came to us
in New Jersey with something like a
wet blanket. There was a heavy rain,
followed by one of the mean mists .
which fill the air with moisture. You
can have no use for such a day ex¬
cept that you can look at your coat and
see just how the spray should be put
on the trees ! Our country needed the
rain, yet it will not help the wells much.
Now the strawberries must be covered.
Our great hill plants have not been
hurt. During this warm spell they be¬
gan to put out new leaves. Our stock
has been cut down for the Winter, but
what we have left looks well from the
cats to the horses. You remember that
we began feeding the corn fodder early.
It is still being fed — the horses have
no other roughage. The grain is mostly
bran with the nubbins on the stalks.
. . . Several people have asked about
our fireless cooker. It has given good
satisfaction. It works on the principle
of confined heat. There are two pieces
of metal much like a stove cover or lid.
These are heated on the stove, or over
a lamp. One is put at the bottom of
the cooker and the food to be cooked is
put in a dish over this hot metal. The
other hot piece is put above the dish
and then the whole thing is shut up into
a sort of cabinet. Unable to escape the
heat goes to work and cooks the food in
the dish. We can boil meat, cook a
stew or pudding, make biscuits or do
any form of baking. The thing is quite
satisfactory and certainly show« how
much of the heat must be wasted in
the average stove. ... As New
Year’s night came on I built a fire in
the big fireplace and sat beside it alone
trying to imagine the room filled with
the noisy crowd of red heads and yellow
heads who were at that time running
about in the Florida sand. For while
we were in that raw mist and waiting
for the promised “cold wave” to come,
our folks in the South were having
June weather. The air is mild and
balmy, and they are actually consider¬
ing the plan of going in bathing in the
large lake ! With me before my lonely
fire, the house seemed peopled with the
six or more generations who have lived
on our farm. Those little folks in the
South are not considering the past of
Hope Farm. That does not concern
them yet, and I am rather glad of it.
They are thinking of the blue sky, the
red sunset clouds, the green hills ‘and
the fruit slowly ripening on the trees
which they will surely find here in June.
For in spite of the balm and rest in the
Florida air they are all looking ahead
to the hills of Hope Farm when the time
comes to move back. I have a few
problems on hand which may well make
me thoughtful, but the little folks are
more interested in voting about the new
dog. Shall it be a big one or a little
one? That’s an important matter for
the children to decide. 1 am afraid that
if 1 got all the different dogs the chil¬
dren want, 1 should have such evidence
of poverty running and barking about
that no one would extend us credit.
But I do mean that this houseful of
little folks shall have a good childhood
no matter what happens. I have been
walking about the farm looking at the
fields and orchards and thinking what
we can do to have our crops come
along with the children. The year
opens well with us. The farm never was
in better condition or more productive
than now. This is naturally our fruit
x^ear, and we think we have things ready
for a good yield. It may all be upset,
but we will hope not, and when we
get these little folks tucked away for
the Summer life will seem very full.
Truth and Hens. — I am glad that the
woman who asked the questions on
page 1120 has a chance to tell the full
truth about poultry. I hope she will
have the nerve to hold on to the job
through thick and thin, and tell us just
what the hens do. Does it then require
nerve to report just what the business
hen does while she is getting ready for
business? It does, and we seldom get a
real slice of it. I have heard men smil¬
ing and chuckling over the profit in
poultry when right at that moment
their eggs were Costing them eight and
10 cents each! We have tried poultry
in various ways at Hope Farm, but have
never been able to show any wonderful
profits. We think we can grow big
strawberries and onions and have hopes
for apples, but somehow the hen busi¬
ness is different. We have come to the
point where it must be a very strong
new “system” to start us off into dreams
of $5 per hen ! I will not deny that it
has been done or is being done, but I
frankly admit that the people who do
it are smarter than we are. That is one
reason why I sincerely hope this woman
will keep at it and tell us the truth.
My judgment is that a woman would be
more likely to do this than a man.
Florida Dairying. — The trouble in
getting good milk for the little folks
and the high price of what we do get
has set me figuring on the dairy problem.
There are a good many half-wild cattle
running in the Florida woods. They
seem to be small and stunted and wild
as hawks. Apparently they barely give
milk enough to bring up a calf prop¬
erly. I have not been able to buy a
good cow in that country at any reason¬
able price, and the great proportion of
Northern boarders must depend on a
herd of “tin heifers,” or canned milk.
There is no use taking a good cow
from the North, or I should have done
so this year. I think it would be pos¬
sible to select some of the best of these
woods cattle, feed them well and breed
up from a good Jersey or Guernsey and
thus have acclimated stock. I have been
impressed by what Wm. Sinclair has
written about feeding cactus in Texas.
I know that he really does what he
claims. Why could we not work that
scheme in Florida? Dr. Griffiths, of the
Department of Agriculture, thinks the
cactus plant would fail in Putnam Co.
Along the coast the cactus will do rea¬
sonably well, but in the interior it goes
down, during the hot, moist weather of
Summer. One reason why I thought of
cactus was the saving of fencing, which
is an expense and a nuisance in Florida.
But leaving out the cactus, there seems
no doubt that the feed question is easy.
Bermuda grass makes a fine pasture,
with grazing nearly the entire year.
During the Summer sorghum, beggar-
weed, cow peas and crab grass will
thrive, and in Winter rye, vetch, Velvet
bean and Essex rape will all grow. I
find that a few dairymen in Florida have
silos which they fill with corn and
sorghum. Milk sells readily at 40 to 50
cents a gallon, and dairymen claim to
make a profit of $100 per cow yearly.
I can readily believe that a good cow
could do that with the cheap feed which
that southern country can be made to
produce. I believe it will be harder to
get good cows, but there is no question
in my mind about the opportunity for
dairying and stock feeding in that warm
climate. I think it would pay a man of
ordinary means better than orange grow¬
ing or trucking. There may be many
drawbacks not in sight ; if so I would
like to know what they are.
Life in the Navy. — You remember
that the question about boys in the
navy recently came up. As we are after
the facts, I print the following letter
from a sailor:
On page 1142 E. M. N. inquires about
the navy and what chances a young man
has theire. Having spent three years in
our navy, I think that I am qualified to
say a word on the subject. When a man
enters the navy he loses his individuality ;
he is no longer Jack or Jim, but simply a
number. He will be subjected to gibes and
jests never heard outside a man of war,
and if his American blood revolts and if
he strikes a blow in self defence, he will
get punished with extra work and loss of
liberty on shore. Now for his great chances
of seeing the world and of advancement.
He will see the world from the deck of
his ship, or if the ship stays long enough
in port and he is a man without a mark
against him, he can go ashore from noon
to 7 a. m. next day. How much can he
see of the place in that time? As for
promotions, if you are sober and indus¬
trious and turn your right ear around when
struck on the left, you will have a chance
to advance to a position of chief petty
officer, and that is as far as you ever will
go without political influence. After your
enlistment expires, you either have to re¬
enlist or else commence where you left off
before your enlistment. You will be like
a stranger to everything you worked at,
because the world does not ston and wait
while you are buried up. Aboard ship
you are aroused from your bed at 5 a. m.,
no matter if you have been on deck all
night; you drink a cup of black coffee, and
then turn to and wash down decks ; at 7
a. m. breakfast; 8 a. m. muster, and then
drills to 10 and sometimes to 12 o’clock.
Your work is not very hard, but you are
always doing something, and you are al¬
ways' aware that you are the under dog.
Your food is the coarsest imaginable, and
the only way you can get anything fit to
eat is to stop your ration, get the $9
allowed for it, put a few dollars from
your own pocket with it, and give it to the
steward of the mess, and he will buy pro¬
vision from shore. At sea in heavy weather
all hands stay on deck, in ordinary weather
at night you* have four hours on deck and
four below. At night you sleep in your
hammock ; what little sleep you get in day
time you will take where you find a shel¬
tered spot, no hammock then. This is a
true story of life in our navy, a * a farm¬
er’s boy might well stop and consider be¬
fore he enters a service that he cannot
leave, no matter how distasteful it is to
him. My advice to the young man is, stay
on the farm, no matter how hard your
work ; you are not called out from your
comfortable bed for drill or fire quarters.
If you have a liking for the sea, take a
trip in some of our merchant ships, and if
you like the life you will have a chance to
advance to a higher position and salary, as
you never will have if you spend a lifetime
in the navy. Andrew j. gibson.
New Hampshire.
That tallies reasonably well with the
information I have had from other
quarters. The farm for me. h. w. c.
HUBER
GAS TRACTOR.
An all-round farm tractor.
Intended to take the place of
teams for plowing, and for
hauling all farm machinery.
Also a fine belt power for
running small thresher, baler,
feed cutter, saw mill.
Uses a surprisingly small
quantity of gasoline.
Built for heavy duty, but in
construction is equal to the
finest marine or automobile
engine.
Backed by most ample guar¬
antee and our forty years’ ex¬
perience building traction
engines.
Full information on request.
The Huber Manufacturing Go.
646 Center Street, MARION, OHIO
When you write advertisers mention T he
r. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.’’ See guarantee page 1G.
and you will have no
trouble keeping your
stock supplied with water.
You can not only lift the
water but pump it to any
part of the premises with
GOULDS
RELIABLE
PUMPS
They are the most dependable,
easiest, working and longest
service pumps you can buy.
Write for our free booklet " Water Sup¬
ply for the Home." Ircontains many valu¬
able suggestions on pumps and pumping.
GOULDS MFG. COMPANY
68 W. Fall St.. Seneca FallB, N.Y.
THE FARMER’S WIFE
APPRECIATES THE VALUE OF A GASOLINE ENGINE AS A LABOR SAVER IN THE HOME
WITH TiaWteas y AIR COOLED
she churns, does the washing, runs cream separator, makes ice cream,
has a water supply for sink nud bath room. On the farm iile is worth
living with THE “HEW-WAT” AIR COOLED FARM ENGINE.
Just ask your
wife about it,
then ask us
for catalog 5.
The New-Way Herex Compamy
LAMSf/re, Mkktcah. U.S.A.
140
SHERIDAN ST.
Don’t Strain Your Back With Heavy Lifting!
You can lift as much as three strong men with but little exertion if you use the
Burr Automatic Safety Tackle Block
You do not need the assistance of a hired man to change wagon boxes, stretch
wire, move heavy stones, lift and move injured or dead animals, when you have
a Burr Block. Just the thing for the garage for changing auto bodies and lifting
the chassis for underneath work.
Burr Automatic Safety
Tackle Block
does nil the work of n chain block in n much better way. It is the only rope block that oom-
pares with a chain block yet does not gouge or chew the rope every time it is locked.
The Burr Block Is Easily Manipulated
You can raise or lower the object any distance — the thickness of a sheet of paper if
necessarv-and know that it will not slip or give. Wet, greasy rope makes no difference
with the Burr Block.
You can buy the smallest size Burr Block (600 pounds capacity) for 75 cents, lhe
largest size (capacity 6,000 pounds) costs but S4.46. There is no other apparatus that
you can buy for the farm that will give you such abigreturn on the money invested.
Think of the time and lal>or you can save with a Burr Block Ask : us to send you
full information an to prices, sizes and capacity. We will bepleasud to tell . ouwneio
you can buy Burr Blooks. A. postal will bring the information. Write today.
BURR MFG. CO.. 136 Viaduct. CLEVELAND, OHIO
Heavy Fence
For Economy
W OVEN-WIRE FENCES must be heavy as
they have to turn animals by sheer strength
of the wire. A fence with barbs is protected
from excessive pressure because the animal fears the
barbs. Remove the- barbs and the greatest strength
of the animal is thrown upon the fence. Its wires
must be larger and stronger. To have a long-life
woven-wire fence the fence must be heavy.
AMERICAN
FENCE
is a thoroughly galvanized square mesh fence of
weight, strength and durability. Large wires are
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and yet are free to act like a hinge in yielding to
pressure, returning quickly to place without bending
or injuring the metal.
Dealers Everywhere— aJ^carriid^eveTypiacI
where farm supplies are sold. The Fence is shipped to these
points in carload lots, thereby securing the cheapest transpor¬
tation, and the saving in freight thus made enables it to be sold
at the lowest prices. Look for the American Fence dealer and
get the substantial advantages he is enabled to offer. He is
there to serve the purchaser in person, offer the variety of
selection and save the buyer money in many ways.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver San Francisco
Send for copy of “ American Fence News" profusely illustrated , devoted to the interests
o* farmers and showing how fence may be employed to enhance lhe earning power of a farm.
Furnished free upon application.
lull.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
39
Ruralisms
NOTES ON BLACKBERRIES.
Among small fruits none has shown
more reason for promotion than the
blackberry. It has won this entirely on
its intrinsic merits as a moneymaker. At
present I regard the blackberry as the
most profitable of all the small fruits
with the single exception of the straw¬
berry, and, given ordinary conditions of
culture, I should not feel disposed to
except even the queen of berries. For
this advancement the rise in prices is
largely responsible, for, while the straw¬
berry, like everything else, is affected
to the sellers advantage, the glutting
of the markets in good crop years bears
down the market regardless of relative
values, and there is nearly always a
short period when the box of strawber¬
ries sells for little above the cost of pro¬
duction. Not so with the blackberry, at
least on our local market. Its cultivation
for market is not so extensive and it
yields its crop evenly from first to last.
Its period of ripening from the time the
berry turns red is longer than that of the
strawberry and it can be left longer on
the vine without injury. There is an
interval of several days from the time it
turns black and the time it becomes dead
ripe, and all this time it is salable. Then
again its culture is far less exacting, from
planting to picking the fruit. No ex¬
perts are required at any stage of the
work in dealing with the blackberry,
which has its long strong canes armed
with formidable thorns to defend it. I
have often been devoutly thankful for its
hardiness, for by the time the strawberry
season here is over, the women and girls
who are the only reliable pickers, are
worn out and want a rest. We may keep
them with success throughout the best of
the raspberries, but when they are asked
to harvest the blackberries with the sun
now exceedingly hot, plenty of sharp
thorns to reach after calico, and, last
but not least, myriads of pestiferous
“chiggers” awaiting an opportunity to
make their days and nights wretched,
they usually suggest that they are in need
of rest as well as those new garments
that they were earning money to buy.
So we bid farewell to the female pickers
and for the first time present a smiling
front to the boys of all sizes, ages and
degrees of respectability. For once you
are ready to welcome the “one-gallus”
urchin who has been annoying you for a
job for weeks past. These boys do
fairly well if there is some one present
to prevent playing and keep them to the
proper rows. Sometimes we fit them out
with tin buckets suspended around their
necks so they can use both hands and
pick faster. With hand crates and boxes
they lose time in stooping with each
handful. On the local market bucket
picking is admissible, for the berries are
generally used at once, and some bruis¬
ing doesn’t matter.
Last season’s prices opened up at 15
cents a box or two boxes for a quarter
for Early Harvest, and after receding to
10 cents remained there to the end of the
crop. Crates of twenty-four boxes were
sold down to $2, while in former years
I have known them to go to $1. At such
prices as these I count the blackberry
decidedly profitable, and considering all
things, it would be my choice of small
fruits for market. In varieties the old
stand-bys in the Central West have been
the Early Harvest, Snyder for main crop,
with some Taylor’s Prolific for late.
This was a wise choice and holds good
even to-day, with the exception of the
Snyder, which has lost some of its pre¬
cedence to newer varieties. The black¬
berry world is still, however, in a state
of confusion and transition over varie¬
ties, because of the rust, a disease anal¬
ogous in its fatality and resistance to
plant therapeutics to the pear blight.
This condition results from the fact
that while these newer candidates sur¬
pass the Snyder in vigor of growth and
size of berry, they fail to equal it in its
rust-resisting properties and occasionally
in hardiness.
The old Kittatinny proved so suscep¬
tible to rust that it is now generally
discarded all over the country, but apart
from that, it combined more fine qualities
than any other. The first modern in¬
introduction of note was the Mersereau.
This variety really deserved all the flat¬
tering things said of it. It possesses all
the excellences of the Kittatinny, vig¬
orous growth, great productiveness,
adaptability to soil and climate, and a
berry of the largest size that excels even
that of the Kittatinny or of any other
main crop sort in quality. But, alas, a
trial of this paragon demonstrated that
it fell an easy victim to the ,rnst, not
quite to such hopeless degree as the Kit¬
tatinny, but bad enough to condemn it
with many fruit growers. This is a
great pity, for it seemed impossible to
improve upon when at its best. The
Eldorado was another candiate for the
Snyder’s place, coming, I believe, from
Ohio, but it has apparently failed to
“make good” throughout the Central
States. It is fairly immune to rust, but
lacks productiveness and is also deficient
in growth as tested here. The high flavor,
also, with which it came heralded, did not
make itself manifest here. From reports
its seems to do better in the Northern
States. The Wilson and Rathbun va¬
rieties, which are indistinguishable here,
appear to lack something in their environ¬
ment fatal to their perfection. They send
up new canes with great luxuriousness,
but during the Winter they regularly die
back to the extent of one-half to two-
thirds of their bearing canes, and often
even more. Added to this defect is the
failure of their blossoms to become fully
pollinated, with the result that many ber¬
ries are imperfect and worthless. Other¬
wise their berries are of the largest size,
but inclined to be too hard and sour. I
think it will not be long until they are
entirely discarded.
The Blowers is still listed with such
flattering commendations that it would
seem to be the long-sought ideal of the
blackberry kingdom, but a test here failed
to reveal its many virtues. Like the Rath-
bun, it partakes of the dewberry char¬
acter the first Summer in its running
habits, but afterwards sends up strong
canes. Its berries set in round clusters,
and the center one would ripen while the
others were still green. This king berry
was of good size, but the others did not
grow to its standard. Its uneven ripen¬
ing and commonplace berries condemned
it here. The Ward is another candidate
from New Jersey, about which I am glad
to be able to say better things. The
original plants which I purchased, to¬
gether with their numerous sprouts, have
never been attacked by the rust, although
fully exposed to it at a short distance.
It is hardy and productive, and of fairly
vigorous growth. Its berries are long,
but fall short of the Mersereau in size.
Their flavor is good. Here then we seem
to have a very good sort that might be
substituted for the Snyder as a commer¬
cial variety, but still I should not be will¬
ing to recommend it unqualifiedly for
large plantings on the strength of this
test alone. All in all, however, just now
it is the most promising of the late intro¬
ductions. L. R. JOHNSON.
Cape Girardeau Co,. Mo.
Mulched Peaches. — I wish you could
have seen my grass-mulched orchard of
100 Carman peach trees. In 1909 when
three years old we picked 200 baskets ;
1910 at four years old a little more than
300 baskets. At present time more orders
are being booked for apple and peach trees
than ever before. o. w. p.
Wilton, N. H.
We Want
Every Farmer
Who Raises Hay
To send us his name so we can mail him
our Free Booklet on “GEARLESS”
HAY LOADERS. It is full of Hay
Loader facts that will prove interesting read¬
ing, and gives many reasons why more
“GEARLESS” Hay Loaders were sold
last year than any other make.
The “GEARLESS” hasn’t one of the
many troublesome features that are to be
found on cylinder and other rake-bar loaders.
It is the one loader that is “on the job”
every hour during the haying season — no
broken gears, no broken sprockets, no
broken chains or springs, because it hasn’t
any of these troublesome parts.
Write us today for the ‘‘GEARLESS”
Booklet. A postal will do.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
35TH STREET CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL.
“KANT-KLOG”^ s\\' Spraying
SPRAYERS Ay-la Guide Free
Something New
Gets twice tlie results— V
with same laborand fluid,
Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays \\
from same nozzle. Ten styles. For aSt,
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing,
etc. Agents Wanted, Booklet Free. V j
Rochester Spray Pump Co. nSZ!™?.
Fruit Growers !
Bowker’s
Lime-Sulphur
A . ...
is absolutely
pure
No salt or caustic being added, every
drop is effective against the San Jose
and other scales, destroying mosses,
fungi, etc., and thoroughly cleaning up
the trees without injury.
Write for special prices , stating number
of trees to be sprayed.
INSECTICIDE COMPANY,
JjV-J W ^LiiV 43 Chatham St., Boston, Mass.
Manufacturers of Arsenate of Lead; also Bowker’s
“PYROX” the one Best All Around Spring- and
Summer Spray for fruits and vegetables.
. . . . . . — /
Kill the Bugs and
Save the Crops with
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead
(in Powdered Form)
The most effective and economical insecticide for all leaf-eating insects. Electro is
the only successful powdered arsenate of lead, because it is the only one in an amorphous
(non-crystalline) form. The only one that mixes instantly with water in such a finely
divided state that every drop of spray contains the right amount of arsenic. It cannot
be washed off by rain and will not injure the newest, tenderest foliage.
> We guarantee it to contain 30% arsenic oxide — 50% more than other brands — as
proved by Conn, and N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station tests. Write us for them.
Save Freight on Water — there is 40 to 60% in all pastes. Put in the water at home.
We have the best Paste on the market and will prove it if you prefer
Arsenate of Lead in this form.
II your dealer cannot supply, write us for prices and statements from
successful growers in your section.
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL CO.
32 Church Street, New York
PRATT’S
SCALLCIDE
Will positively destroy SAX JOSE SCALE and all
soft bodied sucking insects without injury to the
tree. Simple, more effective and cheaper than
Lime Sulphur. Not an experiment. One gallon
makes 111 to ‘JO Ballons spray by sininly adding water.
Send for Booklet, "Orchard Insurance.”
B. G. PRATT CO., 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY.
r* nr% A V/- complying with the insecticide act of 1910
brKAY IT WILL PAY YOU TO USE EITHER
7^*^. - j,
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS and AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
USE
I
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
It BAYVIEW AV E..JERSEY CITY. N.U.
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
GET THE BEST
A Good Spray Pump earns
big profits and lasts for years.
THE ECLIPSE
is a good pump. As
1 practical fruit grow-
i ers we were using common
: sprayers in our own orchards
j — found their defects and
j invented the Eclipse. Its
I success forced us to manu-
\ ~ facturing on a large scaie.
You take no chances. We
’---.Tr.'SEvS-p'” have done all the experi¬
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog
and Treatise on spraying FREE.
MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor, Mich.
ForBest EXTENSION LADDER at ^M,ces
JOHN J. l'OTTKK.H Mill St.. Binghamton, N. Y.
“ONE FOR ALL” No. 1
Wool Grease, Arsenate of Lead, Lime and
Sulphur. Both a Contact and Poison
Spray. An Insecticide and Fungicide.
Positively the Only Thing Needed for all Pests or Fungus
A tonic for vegetation. Sick trees made well;
old trees rejuvenated to youthful vigor; better
foliage; larger and more abundant fruit. Neither
sucking or chewing insects nor fungus will attack
wood that has “One For All” upon it. After one
fall spraying no dormant spraying will be needed.
Spraying confined to the growing season. Scale
exterminated. Positive evidence from practical
growers furnished upon application.
Prices, F. O. B. New York
Barrels, 425 lbs . 05c. per lb
y2 Bbls., 200 lbs . 05^ “
100 lbs . 06
50 lbs . 06^ “
25 lbs . 08
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
Established 1852
Front Street New Yorjj
1911 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS
IO Years of Success
FRIEND FRUIT GROWER : Uncle Sam says
you must spray. Users of the Deyo are relieved
from experimenting. After ten years of service the
Deyo is still giving perfect satisfaction. Onr cus¬
tomers are our reference, ask the user. We sell
direct to you. Deyo pays all freights to Missis¬
sippi River shipping points. Write tor catalogue 19.
DEYO-MACEY ENGINE CO., Binghamton, N. Y.
40
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
Pnbllihed weekly by the Rnral Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, Sew York*
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
88. 6d., or 8*2 marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates f>0 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for tim<
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash must accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure wo will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in our columns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
Our recent remarks on “guff” seem to have stirred
up a few hot-air artists to extra exertion. Guff and
bluff may both be ranked as stuff. There was a time
when the public thought they were solid, but people
know better now, and wise men will work away
from them.
*
The annual meeting of the New York State Agri¬
cultural Society will be held at Albany January 17-19.
The development of agricultural resources and the
relation between this problem and the cost of living
will be the chief topics for discussion. A strong pro¬
gramme has been prepared and many noted speakers,
including the governors of two States, are expected
to be present. We would like to see a large number
of practical farmers at this meeting and have them
go there prepared to take a hand in the discussion.
While many of the topics suggested may reasonably
be analyzed by thinkers and professional men, the
final word should be spoken by actual farmers. We
hope therefore that many of them will come to this
meeting prepared to express their views.
♦
You remember that the Bellows milk case is be¬
ing fought out to determine the right of the New
York Board of Health to take arbitrary ground in
inspecting or rejecting market milk. In Buffalo the
Health Commissioner asked the corporation counsel
11 he had the legal power to inspect and supervise
dairies outside the city limits. Judge Hammond is
quoted as giving the following opinion :
A valid ordinance cannot be enacted which would em¬
power the health commissioner to supervise dairy farms
outside the limits of the city, and the same, if enacted
by the common council, would, in my judgment, be in¬
valid. It is not within the power of the municipal au¬
thorities to send inspectors to supervise those dairies, for
that would be usurpation of the authority of the Com¬
missioner of Agriculture and the State Board of Health.
At the Bellow’s trial it was claimed that the New
York City charter was peculiar, and gave the city
authorities special powers and privileges.
♦
In his first message to the Legislature Gov. John A.
Dix of New York advocates three things which The
R. N.-Y. has hammered for years. Primary nomina¬
tions ! Gov. Dix stands squarely for it and calls for
honest primary legislation. Parcels post ! The Gov¬
ernor recommends that the New York Legislature pass
a resolution calling upon Congress to start parcels post
at once ! The consumer’s dollar ! He says we should
make a systematic effort “to improve trade conditions
in farm products to benefit both consumer and pro¬
ducer.” That means cut down the consumer’s dollar
and still give much to the producer. Gov. Dix is in
favor of abolishing the State Fair Commission — cutting
out five commissioners who draw large salaries. We
have never been able to understand why Gov. Hughes
ever permitted this commission to start or why he
favored the legislation last Winter which permitted
these commissioners to make themselves, as they
thought, secure in their jobs. The agriculture of New
York can get along without them.
*
One strong argument in favor of buying a farm in
the Eastern States is the fact that the best markets
in the country are to be fond within reach of these
farms. The last census report makes this argument
stronger. Let us take that part of the country east
of the lakes and the Ohio River. This section em¬
braces about eight per cent, of the territory of the
United States. It contains two of the largest cities
in the world and eight cities with over 250,000 popu¬
<THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
lation, and in easy reach of two more. Of 50 Amer¬
ican cities with 100,000 or more people this compara¬
tively small section contains 21 — with eight of these
in New England. There are 178 cities in the country
with 25,000 to 100,000 population. Of these 83 are
east of the Ohio, with 32 of them in New England.
No other section is so thickly spotted with good
markets, and nowhere else is farm land to be obtained
at a better bargain. The census shows that these
eastern cities make a large gain in population. Their
prosperity is assured, and with each year the army
of spenders will increase and the demand for the
finer forms of food will grow. The farmer close to
these great markets has opportunities which are de¬
nied those who must ship their goods long distances
to the final cpnsumer. All these things justify the
assertion that the Eastern States still offer as fine
agricultural opportunity as any other part of the
country.
*
Rhode Island has now the strongest fertilizer law
in the country. Most of the States exempt from in¬
spection fertilizer selling for less than $10 per ton.
This exemption has let in a lot of stuff and poor lime.
Rhode Island compels the sampling and analysis of
everything “excepting the dung of poultry and domes¬
tic animals in its usual condition.” In addition to
giving the amounts of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and
potash claimed, the manufacturer must state his
guarantee of lime and magnesia. For example, wood
ashes have been sold on a guarantee of potash and
phosphoric acid. Now the guarantee must include
lime, and all samples of lime must also be guaran¬
teed and analyzed. This is an excellent plan and it
should be followed in all the States. Immense quan¬
tities of lime are being sold, and as the price is usu¬
ally below $10 a ton there is, in most States, no re¬
straint and no protection for farmers. This will open
a chance for great frauds especially in the sale of
ground limestone. We would compel the dealers to
guarantee a certain per cent, of lime in every sale.
It is the only safe way to buy.
*
I wish to say that the Apple Consumers’ League is in
danger of becoming extinct in Michigan. Groceries adver¬
tise apples at $1 per bite, three bites for $2.50. It is a
serious situation for the League. c. D. r.
As the original member of the Apple Consumers’
League we have had occasion to study the history
of many great movements for uplifting the race. They
all come to a crisis when only the fittest survive to
carry on the work. The weaklings drop out at some
supreme test, and the strong who remain are made
stronger. The League has evidently come to one of
these great tests with apples at “one dollar a bite.”
The heroes will give up some other pleasures and still
put the price into apples — taking as large bites as
possible. Seriously, this scheme of “talking apple”
and making apple eating popular has done more than
anything else to make the present great demand for
fruit. There are still many fine apples which net
the grower little or nothing, while consumers are
held up by awful prices. That is one reason why we
advocate parcels post. This would encourage direct
dealing between consumer and producer. Such busi¬
ness would not all be done by mail, but the competi¬
tion of parcels post would improve and cheapen all
other forms of transportation.
*
“ Mature deliberation and careful consideration.”
We have become convinced that some Congressmen
have these phrases so securely fixed in their systems
that they cannot get them out. Congressmen Hig¬
gins of Connecticut is one of those unfortunates. He
could not come nearer parcels post than “careful con¬
sideration” and as a result his majority of several
thousand shrunk last Fall to 78. A man in his dis¬
trict recently wrote asking how Mr. Higgins stood
orl parcels post, and particularly begged him not to
say “careful consideration,” as he had heard that often
enough. Mr. Higgins evidently tried hard, but habit
was too strong, and in his reply he worked in both
“careful consideration” and “mature deliberation.” He
simply could not help it ; like so many more of these
Congressmen he cannot work these words out of his
system, and that fact will work him out of the polit¬
ical system of this nation. One of the best letters
we have read is sent by State Senator J. J. Brookes
of Tennessee to the candidates for United States
Senator. Among other good things Mr. Brookes
says :
No demagogical side-stepping will answer. To say,
“These questions shall receive my most careful considera¬
tion, bestowing upon them the best thought of which I
am capable, with an eye single to safeguarding the public
and promoting the general welfare of my country,” is
to give forth pure buncombe and show evidence of
moral cowardice. Nothing short of a definite, bold state¬
ment will suffice.”
Let us class “careful consideration” as “guff.”
January 14,
I have always been interested in everything you have
said about parcels post, and about a week ago I read a
particularly raw lot of “guff” in the Erie (Pa.) Daily
Dispatch signed by “A.” I could not resist, and so fired
back at him what the Dispatch printed to-day and which
I enclose. Keep up the fight; all but the fools are with
you, and most of them will get wise in time.
Pennsylvania. a. i. loop.
Mr. Loop wrote one of the most sensible articles
on parcels post that we have read in a long time. We
make mention of this to point out what men can do
with a sharp pen if they only try. The local papers
often carry considerable influence in a community.
Many of them are inclined to be dominated by the
advertisers, simply because the subscribers do not
assert themselves. The subscribers represent the back¬
bone of any newspaper enterprise, and when they
come forward as Mr. Loop did, and put their views
right up in forcible English, they can do a world
of good. That is one of the best ways to spread the
gospel of reform, for these local papers go right into
the homes of the people and are welcome there. Take
up the pen !
♦
The farmers of Western Canada among other de¬
mands call for a railroad from Winnipeg to Hudson
Bay, a harbor on that body of water and public ele¬
vators at this harbor. They demand that the rail¬
road, harbor and elevators shall be public property,
constructed and operated by the government. The
money required for these great enterprises is already
available. It was raised from sales and taxes of
farm lands and these farmers rightly claim that this
farm land revenue should be spent so as to benefit
farmers for all time. The government will no doubt
build the railroad, and its building will have a
marked effect upon the future history of this conti¬
nent. A large share of Canadian wheat and a good
supply of meat and wool will be sent north through
Hudson Bay rather than east through Montreal or
New York. With free trade between Canada and this
country a good share of the produce of our own
Western farms will also be exported over the north¬
ern route. There would also be a larger exchange
of farm products between the two countries. Our
people will soon need Canadian wheat in order to
obtain bread at a fair price, while the Canadians
need and will take great quantities of our apples and
other fruits. Western Canada is sure to dominate
the Dominion, and a large proportion of the Western
Canadians are men and women who have moved from
this side of the line.
*
It is reported that rich deposits of potash have
been found in Canada, and that owners of potash
mines in Germany have secured control. This report
is denied, but we think there is some basis for truth
in it. We have long believed that some day potash
deposits worth working will be discovered on this
continent. It is also possible that methods will be
discovered for making the potash in various forms
of granite rock available. We have recently been
informed by experts that the government could cer¬
tainly discover means for doing this if it would pro¬
vide the money for expensive experiments. All these
things are now coming to a head in connection with
the controversy over the contracts and prices for
German potash. The question has become compli¬
cated with other matters, and may lead to a tariff war
with Germany. The State Department has promised
tc give us the exact facts soon. Thus far the state¬
ments which have appeared in the papers appear to
have been dictated by one extreme position or the
other. Aside from any other consideration, we think
the Germans show a short-sighted policy in holding
up the price of potash. They will, by doing so, drive
the American people into demanding a more thorough
search for potash deposits, or for methods of ex¬
tracting potash from rock. Under such pressure we
believe that increased supplies of American potash
will be found.
BREVITIES.
Take our advice and use some Alsike clover seed with
the Red.
Take things when they are ripe or they will go to rot.
That's true of parcels post.
Kansas fruit growers report a scourge of rabbits which
are gnawing young fruit trees.
The chances are more than even that your older horses
have trouble with their teeth and cannot chew properly.
The Republic of Cuba will pay $30,000 to the person
who discovers the origin of a disease of cocoanuts, and a
remedy or cure.
And now the cocoanut crop in Samoa is in danger from
a beetle. The entire life habits of the insect must be
studied before a remedy is found.
The latest suggestion for holding or preventing forest
fires from spreading is to plant hedges of cactus or Mex¬
ican agave when these juicy plants will grow.
Last year for the first time in German history the
German people consumed more alcohol for industrial than
for drinking purposes. There was even a boycott against
the German schnapps.
THK RURAL NEW-YORKER
41
1911
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
•‘The president of the Lewis Pub¬
lishing Company has promoted or
exploited, through the medium of
‘The Woman’s Magazine’ and ‘The
Woman’s Farm Journal,’ more than
one dozen of his private enterprises,
one of which was the ‘People’s Uni¬
ted States Bank,’ against which a
fraud order was issued by the Post¬
master General on July 6, 1905, for
the reason that sales of its stock had
been made and deposits induced up¬
on false representations and promises,
and that the funds of the Institution
were being misapplied.”
We have felt a sense of delicacy about
reporting a court proceeding in St.
Louis last month, which grew out of
the publication of the above paragraph,
in a Postal Department pamphlet. The
members of the American Woman's
League and others who have contrib¬
uted to the fancy financial frolics of E.
G. Lewis are, of course, most interested
and we thought the “National Daily”
was entitled to the “beat” in publishing
the first news of the trial. We know
Mr. Lewis has a most exalted appreci¬
ation of the intelligence of womanhood
— at least of such women as do not ask
for an accounting of their cash. We
know he likes to take them into his con¬
fidence — when he needs money. In
times past we have felt that he was a
bit sensitive because we had been the
first to publish accounts of suits brought
against him for the collection of notes,
taxes, premiums, etc. We have ob¬
served that he always gave prompt re¬
port and double heads to the account of
libel suits filed by Mr. Lewis against
publishers and others. Even when the
courts granted him through technical
legal pleadings, the preference of loca¬
tion for hearing his suits, he always
found space for the news. Naturally
we expected a report of the December
trial in the following issue of the “Na¬
tional Daily.” We expected Mr. Lewis
would want to confide his woes to the
“sweet love” of “the noble unselfish wo¬
men,” who are sending him money, and
asking no questions. But his forbear¬
ance has given us a new conception of
greatness. We have all read and re¬
read his admiration of the courts that
failed to order him a complimentary
ticket to a Federal free board institu¬
tion when he was under trial on an in¬
dictment of fraud in the use of the
mails. We conclude now that he still
retains his reverence for the courts, and
that he is accepting the new verdict in
the silence of chastened humility.
When the postmaster-general issued
an order denying the second-class mail¬
ing privileges to the “Woman’s Maga¬
zine,” and “Woman’s Farm Journal,”
both published by the Lewis Publishing
Company, Mr. Lewis, through his pub¬
lications urged readers to write to the
President, and Postmaster-General and
members of Congress, protesting against
the action of the department. These
protests were referred to the Assistant
Attorney-General and an inspector in
charge. These officials issued a brief
statement of the reasons for the action
taken by the department. The state¬
ment contained the paragraph quoted
above and because of its publication
Lewis brought an action against the of¬
ficials in the name of the People’s
United States Bank, charging that they
had libeled the bank by stating “that
the funds of the institution were being
misapplied.”
In the suit last month, after Lewis
had presented his evidence the judge
dismissed the camplaint on the ground
that sufficient evidence had not been pro¬
duced to establish a cause of action. On
payment of the necessary fee, Lewis was
allowed a non-suit which gives him the
privilege of appeal within a limited time.
To give credit where due, we think Mr.
Lewis was always modest about the
proceeds of this suit. He has never as
far as we have observed included the
suit in any of his tables of assets ; nor
sold any certificates against it, which
were to participate in the profits. We
expect that Mr. Lewis will now explain
to “noble and liberated womanhood”
why he failed to report the last suit.
We suggest the modesty and humility
theory. But Mr. Lewis needs no ad¬
vice. He has a way of his own of
making explanations.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC.— W. W. Spencer of the In¬
diana Legislature seeks a repeal of the di-
x-ect primary law, claiming that results in
that State are unsatisfactory.
William Ogilvie, ex-Governor of the
Yukon Territory, arrived at Ottawa, Can¬
ada, December 29, with an elaborate plan
to reclaim 3,000,000 acres of ‘‘muskeg”
lands in the Saskatchewan River territory,
through which the new Hudson Bay Rail¬
way will be' constructed. He will present
the plan to the Department of the Interior
and it will be taken up by the Laurier Cab¬
inet soon after the reassembling of Parlia¬
ment. These lands are now useless and un¬
productive, but if drained, it is said, they
would produce easily from thirty to forty
bushels of wheat to the acre, and their set¬
tlement and cultivation would be of great
assistance to the Hudson Bay Railway,
which will be purely a grain carrying road.
Mr. Ogilvie is conlident that the Govern¬
ment will adopt the plan.
Fourteen men were instantly killed and
two have since died from injuries received
through the explosion of a tubular boiler
in the engine house of the Morewood Lake
Ice Company, the largest ice plant in Berk¬
shire County, a mile and a half southeast
of Pittslield, Mass., December 29. More
than 35 men were hurt. The police theory
of the explosion is that a new steam gauge
which had been installed recently was
choked and that whereas the gauge was
set for 40 pounds the boiler may have been
carrying two hundred pounds when it blew
up. The property loss to the ice company
is $5,000. An official of the Morewood
Lake Ice Company said that only two of
the killed and injured were on its payroll.
The others had gathered at the icehouse
seeking employment, which was to begin
with the hoisting of ice. No man lives to
tell what happened inside the boiler room.
Survivors outside say that suddenly they
were lifted from their feet and hurled into
space. The building, 20x40 feet, was com¬
pletely wrecked. Two side walls, the roof
and the boiler and engine went into the air.
l’ieces of iron were hurled 200 feet.
The United States Government is not yet
through with the sugar trust. Investiga¬
tions at New Orleans and Snu Francisco
have uncovered trails that lead officials of
the customs service to believe that it is
possible for the Government to collect large
sums from the trust. The investigation at
New Orleans goes back more than a dozen
years. The alleged frauds were committed
in the sampling of the sugar and are not
concerned with the weighing. The frauds
on the coast said to have been committed
by the trust were drawback frauds, like
those brought to light recently in New
York, where the Government expects to re¬
cover possibly three-quarters of a million
dollars. In the San Francisco case it is al¬
leged that sugar imported from the Philip¬
pines and used in fruit exported afterward
got a drawback as Java sugar. Those
frauds too are said to have been extensive.
Though the Government has not finally ac¬
cepted the offer of the American Sugar Re¬
fining Company to pay $700,000 in settle¬
ment of the drawback claims on imported
sugar made into molasses, subsequently ex¬
ported, that amount of money in cash has
been deposited by the trust in the Sub-
Treasury in New York. United States At¬
torney Wise has the certificate of deposit in
his possession. Mr. Wise made it clear that
the deposit of the money did not mean
that the Government had accepted the of¬
fer of the trust. The money had to be
deposited before the Government could con¬
sider the proposition. If Mr. Wise does
approve it the offer must then be submitted
to the Secretary of the Treasury.
Fire in the Flos Roller Company's fac¬
tory at Ogdensburg, N. Y., January 3,
caused a loss estimated at $100,000.
Two of the world’s foremost aviators.
Arch Hoxsey and John B. Moisant, both
Americans and both holders of notable
flying records, were killed December 31.
Hoxsey in a Wright biplane fell a dis¬
tance estimated at 530 feet at Los Angeles
while doing what appeared to bo a spiral
dip. Moisant in a Bleriot monoplane met
death on the outskirts of New Orleans. He
lost control of his machine at a .height of
200 feet. At 100 feet elevation he fell out
of his machine. Neither man was killed
instantly. Hoxsey’s heart was still beat¬
ing when he was removed from the wreck
of his machine. He died just before he
was put on an operating table at the
emergency hospital. He never was con¬
scious after he struck the ground. Moi¬
sant was unconscious when picked up,
but died a few minutes later while being
ijtaken on a special train to a New Orleans
hospital. Both men were seeking to make
new records. Hoxsey was trying to sur¬
pass his world’s record altitude flight of
11,474 feet, which he made at Los Angeles
December 26. Moisant was trying for the
Michelin long distance prize, which Tabu-
teau won December 30 at Buc, France.
According to some aviation fatality
records, Hoxsey was the fortieth aviator
to be killed since the sport or science of
flying in heavier than air machines began.
Moisant was the thirty-ninth victim, hav¬
ing been killed almost exactly six hours
before Hoxsey. Of these 40 deaths 30 in
round numbers occured in 1910. Ralph
Johnstone, another of the Wright fliers,
who was Iloxsey’s greatest rival in alti¬
tude flights, was killed a few weeks ago in
Denver. Cecil Grace, who had sought to
outdo Moisant’s Channel flight by a trip
from England to France and back, has
never been heard from since he left Calais.
The Southern Pacific train No. 1, the
Overland Limited, westbound, was held
un by two masked men January 3 at
Reese, nine miles west of Ogden, Utah.
William Ravis, a negro porter, was shot
and instantly killed and A. W. Taylor, an¬
other porter, was mortally wounded. A
passenger was slightly wounded. One hun¬
dred passengers on the train were relieved
of their valuables. The robbers did not
attempt to enter the express car, but de¬
voted their entire attention to the Pull¬
mans, where they made a rich haul among
the California bound passengers, holding
the train for more than an hour.
With a blizzard in half a dozen States
and freezing temperatures extending 'to
the Gulf, the South January 3 experienced
the coldest weather recorded this Winter.
Texas reports two deaths from freezing.
An aged man was found frozen to death
in Mobile, Ala. Snow fell in Texas,
Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, southern
Ohio and the more northerly portions of
Mississippi and Alabama. Loss to crops
and cattle in Texas is estimated at $1,-
000,000. The orange belt also suffered se¬
verely. With temperatures ranging from
21 degrees below zero at Salina, Kan., to
zero in northern Arkansas, the southwest
also experienced the coldest weather of
the Winter. Near Cripple Creek, Col., the
record cold of 34 below zero was registered.
Fire destroyed the buildings of the
Knickerbocker Fireproof Storage Ware¬
house Company, No. 102 to 106 Arlington
street, Newark, N. J., January 3. The fire
was one of the most spectacular that has
ever occurred in that city in daylight. It
entailed a loss estimated to be not less than
$300,000, of which about an equal share
is upon buildings and contents. A defec¬
tive telephone wire crossing with a highly
charged electric light wire is believed to
have started the blaze. The destroyed
buildings included a five story brick struc¬
ture occupying two city lots, and adjoining
this, on the south, a fine buff brick, solidly
constructed eight story building.
Fire destroyed $1,000,000 worth of prop¬
erty in the heart of the business district
of Little Rock, Ark., January 3. The fire
started in the fifth story ot the building
owned by Gov. Donaghy at Seventh and
Main streets, occupied by the Hollenberg
Music Company.
FARM AND GARDEN.— The forty-
second annual meeting of the Nebraska
State Horticultural Society is to be held
at the University Farm, Lincoln, Neb.,
January 17 to 19, 1911. Tuesday especially
the meeting will be one of considerable
interest to growers and retailers, as such
subjects as the following will be under
discussion : Arranging Fruits and Cut
Flowers, Chrysanthemums, the Retail Flor¬
ist, Advertising Bulbs, Prospects for Whole¬
saling in Nebraska, etc. The meeting on
that day will be given over to the State
Florists’ Society, with President Irwin Frey
in the chair.
The National Flower Show will be held
in Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass., March
25 to April 1, in connection with the Spring
Convention of the Society of American
Florists, the American Rose Society, the
American Carnation Society, the American
Gladiolus Society and the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society. The general man¬
ager is Chester 1. Campbell.
The meeting of the Connecticut Porno-
logical Society will be held at Hartford
February 1-2. Thei-e will be as usual an
excellent programme, with the banquet
which has become a fixture in these meet¬
ings.
The various State Agricultural Associa¬
tions of IVest Virginia will hold their an¬
nual meetings in the rooms of the State
Board of Agriculture, Charleston, during
the week of January 23, 1911. The, best
of speakers and some of the leading live
stock authorities of the country will be
present. A special feature will be the
agricultural rally to be held in the House
of Representatives the evening of January
24. Some of the leading agricultural pro¬
moters of the land will be present and
deliver addresses, among whom are Hon.
Win. E. Glasscock, Governor of West Vir¬
ginia ; Hon. A. P. Sandies, Secretary of the
Ohio State Board of Agriculture, and
others. State Dairy Association will meet
January 23 at 7.30 p. m. ; State Live
Stock Association, January 24, 9.30 p. in. :
State Wool Growers’ and Sheep Breeders’
Association, January 24, 1.30 p. m. ; State
Horticultural Society, January 25 and 26;
annual meeting of the State Grange, Janu¬
ary 26 and 27.
Secretary of State Knox has opened
negotiations with the German Government
for the settlement of the potash dispute
which has been pending for several months.
A few days ago a diplomatic note was
forwarded to the German Foreign Office
through Dr. David Jayne Hill, American
Ambassador at Berlin, expressing the de¬
sire of this Government to take up the
question through diplomatic channels for
the purpose of reaching an amicable adjust¬
ment of the question so as to avoid the
possibility of a tariff war. All proposals
of retaliatory action against Germany have
therefore been postponed pending the con¬
clusions of the diplomatic negotiations.
The New Jersey State Board of Agricul¬
ture will meet at the State House, Trenton,
January 18, 19 and 20.
The third annual meeting of the Illinois
Horticultural Institute, fifty-fifth annual
convention of the Illinois State Horticul¬
tural Society, and sixth annual meeting of
the Illinois State Florists’ Association will
be held in the Agricultural Building of the
University of Illinois, Champaign, Ill.,
January 31 to February 10. R. O. Graham,
President Illinois State Horticultural So¬
ciety, Bloomington ; W. B. Lloyd, Secretary
Illinois State Horticultural Society, Ivin-
mundy ; C. L. Washburn, President Illinois
State Florists’ Association, Chicago ; J. F.
Ammann, Secretary Illinois State Florists’
Association, Edwardsville ; August Geweke.
President Cook County Truck Growers’
Association, Des Plaines ; E. Bollinger,
President Horticultural Society of Lake
Forest, Lake Forest; C. Geppert, Secretary
Horticultural Society of Lake Forest, Lake
Forest.
GOV. DIX’S MESSAGE. — The first mes¬
sage sent by the new Governor of New York
to the Legislature makes an urgent plea
for economy, and declares that too much
money Is being expended. There is an
intimation of direct taxation. He comes
out squarely in favor of parcels post, sug¬
gests the advisability of an income tax, and
urges direct nominations and a constitu¬
tional amendment compelling the registra¬
tion of all voters. He also urged a con¬
stitutional amendment providing for the
popular election of United States Senators.
Among. other points covered the Governor
said : “The State Fair is a worthy object
of State assistance, but I question seriously
the wisdom or necessity of the legislation
of the last session, which established a
commission of five members, at large sal¬
aries, to superintend the work in connec¬
tion therewith. In the Interests of econ¬
omy I recommend the repeal of such legis¬
lation.” Regarding increased expenditures,
Gov. Dix says that the principle cause for
the increasing cost of government are the
added expenditures for boards and com¬
missions within the last seven years ; ex¬
penditures for penal institutions have in¬
creased 127 per cent. ; for educational pur¬
poses more than 53 per cent. Regarding
the work of the Highway Commission, the
Governor says that during the last fiscal
year 564 miles of State roads have been
built and the work of construction of
513 miles begun. In addition to this
work, 121 miles of road already constructed
have been maintained and put in repair
and plans are under way for construction
of much additional work. When the peo¬
ple of the State passed upon the proposi¬
tion to expend $50,000,000 upon the roads
of the State they expected in return there¬
for to receive a comprehensive system of
roads connecting all the principle points
in the State, and with branches extending
laterally so as to make a complete network
all over the State of modern, well con-
constructed and lasting roads. An exam¬
ination of the records of the State disclose
the fact that the appropriation for the
maintenance and repair of State roads for
the year 1909 was $1,500,000, and for the
year 1910 the sum of $1,800,000, while the
estimate for the year 1911 amounts to
$1,500,000.
‘‘The amount of money expended in one
year upon the maintenance and repair of
roads, but recently constructed, would seem
to indicate that the people are likely to be
disappointed in this regard, and I q'ucstiou
whether or not more effective results in
efficiency and economy would not be ob¬
tained by doing away with this costly com¬
mission, the only reasonable excuse for
whose existence would be the ability to do
the work of which it has had charge more
efficiently or cheaply than the officers un¬
der whose supervision such work was for¬
merly done.” _
RHODE ISLAND FARMERS MEET.
The Farmers’ Convention of Rhode Island
met at the Rhode Island State College from
Tuesday, December 27, to Friday, December
30, with an attendance of about 120, a
great increase in numbers over last year,
there being only 56 then. The special
course for the farmers during this time con¬
sists of a series of lectures by the heads of
the different departments of agriculture in¬
terested, and by a few outside speakers.
These lectures took up every phase of farm¬
ing under all kinds of conditions, and tried
to show the farmer how he could better the
products from his farm and get better
prices for the produce. One of the most
interesting and instructive lectures of the
course was given on Thursday afternoon by
H. W. Collingwood, on the subject of ‘ The
Consumer s Dollar,” in which he showed
that of the dollar the consumer paid for
produce, about 35 cents went to the pro¬
ducer, and the rest to the railroads, and
the commission merchants or ‘‘middlemen.”
lie went on to show that this could be done
away with by the farmer selling direct to
the consumer, lie showed wherein the
parcels post was the only law that Congress
could pass that would benefit the farmer,
since this would provide the means of the
farmer getting bis produce on the market
cheaply, or at least cheaper than he can
under the present laws, where the express
companies have practically no competition,
and can therefore charge almost any price
for transportation, whereas if we had the
parcels post, the express companies would
nave to reduce their rates in order to get
any business.
The fruit growers at the convention held
a meeting on Thursday and organized a
Rhode Island Fruit Growers’ Association to
be affiliated with the Rhode Island Horti¬
cultural Society as a branch of that so¬
ciety, the purpose of which is to try to
arouse more interest in fruit culture in
Rhode Island. The meeting also passed a
resolution as follows :
‘•Resolved, That it is the sense of the
fruit growers and agriculturists assembled
at the Farmers’ Week at the Rhode Island
State College that a law in regard to or¬
chard inspection is of great importance and
a necessity to protect fruit growers of
Rhode Island.”
It is thought that this law will be a
great benefit to fruit culture in the New
England States and Rhode Island in partic¬
ular. The convention as a whole has been
a great success and is calculated to help
the college and the farmers of the State
very much. The following is the programme
of the lectures as given : Tuesday, Decem¬
ber 27, “Commercial l’each Culture,” A. E.
Stene ; “The Robber Cow,” II. Burdick ;
“Feeding of Winter Chicks,” B. L. Hart¬
well; “Corn,” G. E. Adams; “Strawberry
Culture,” Wilfrid Wheeler. W’eduesday,
“Propagation of Plants,” G. It. Cobb ; "Sil¬
age and Its Uses,” F. S. Putney ; “Systems
of Handling Poultry," D. J. Lambert;
“Alfalfa,” H. J. Wheeler; “Farm Adminis¬
tration," J. W. Sanborn. Thursday, "Apple
Culture,” A. E. Stene ; “Swine,” F. S. Put¬
ney ; “Poultry Houses and Fixtures,” I). J.
Lambert; “Potato Culture,” G. E. Adams ;
“The Consumer’s Dollar,” FI. W. Colling¬
wood. Friday, “Spray Mixtures,” G. R.
Cobb ; “The Farm Barn,” F. S. Putney ;
“The Farmer’s Hen,” D. J. Lambert; “For¬
age Crops,” G. E. Adams ; “Cost of Crop
Production,” G. E. Adams. p. e. f.
EASTERN FRUIT GROWERS’ MEET¬
ING. — At the meeting in Washington, D. C„
December 21, 1910, the title Eastern Fruit
Growers’ Association was adopted as pre¬
ferable to the title Appalachian Fruit
Growers’ Association, used in the call for
the meeting. The first Washington meeting
was successful, even beyond the expecta¬
tions of those issuing the call. Definite ac¬
tion was taken to support the Simmons bill
giving the Secretary of Agriculture author¬
ity to quarantine against infested nursery
stock ; to secure better freight and express
rates through the Interstate Commerce
Commission ; to obtain a satisfactory stand¬
ard package law; favoring an unlimited
parcels post, and to watch for legislation
that might prove to be inimical to the fruit
growing industry in the East.
Prepaid Express Charges. — I notice an
inquiry from one of your readers asking
how to avoid having his customers pay
express charges on packages when he pre¬
pays the express. The proper method to
avoid this is by putting on a sticker which
reads : “All express charges on this pack¬
age prepaid.” No company is allowed to
collect on a package if they accept it under
these conditions — provided the company is
able to waybill the package through from
the receiving to the distributing point.
This they are not always able to do, as
they do not have connections of their own
in every town and city. The chances are
that in the latter case there will be an
extra charge. geo. j. martix.
Massachusetts.
42
THE RURAE NEW-YORKER
January 14,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
COURAGE.
Because I hold it sinful to despond,
And will not let the bitterness of life
Blind me with burning tears, but look be¬
yond
Its tumult and its strife ;
Because I lift my head above the mist,
Where the sun shines and the broad
breezes blow,
By every ray and every raindrop kissed
That God’s love doth bestow ;
Think you I find no bitterness at all,
No burden to be borne, like Christian’s
pack ?
Think you there are no ready tears to fall,
Because I keep them back?
Why should I hug life's ills with cold re¬
serve,
To curse myself and all who love me?
Nay !
A thousand times more good than I de¬
serve
God gives me every day.
And in each one of those rebellious tears
Kept bravely back lie makes a rainbow
shine ;
Grateful I take His slightest gift; no fears
Nor any doubts are mine.
Dark skies must clear, and when the clouds
are past
One golden dfiy redeems a weary year ;
Patient I listen, sure that sweet at last
Will sound His voice of cheer.
— Celia Tbaxter.
•
Pi.aster stains on floors are quite dif¬
ficult to remove with ordinary scrub¬
bing, and are often left by careless work¬
men. They usually disappear with little,
labor if well rubbed with vinegar before
the floor is scrubbed.
*
Spanish steak is a delicious way of
using the flank. Trim a flank steak, fry.
it brown in plenty of butter, lift out and
put in a baking pan. Sprinkle with salt
and pepper, and fry a sliced onion
brown in the butter remaining in the
pan. Spread the onion over the top of
the steak, then turn a can of tomatoes
into the frying pan with the drippings,
heat up, and then pour the tomatoes
over the steak. Cover and bake an hour
in a slow oven, basting frequently. There
should be enough juice with the toma¬
toes to make sufficient gravy.
*
A person who has had experience in
taking extremely nauseating medicine
has hit upon a scheme for rendering it
innocuous. When the time comes for
his dose he has a teaspoon ful of ice
cracked to powder, holds this on his
tongue until it dissolves, and then
swallows the medicine. The ice numbs
the nerves, and the medicine slips down
without leaving any taste. Modern
doctors do not give as many abomin¬
ably flavored compounds as the good old
saddle-bag practitioners, but there are
still remedies of such loathly flavor that
some disguise is needed to make them
endurable. Of course it would always
be well, in serious illness, to learn
whether the ice treatment is permissible.
*
The new boarder stepped into the
room and closed the door, says the New
York Sun. The landlady stood in the
hall until she heard him exclaim “Hang
it all !” Then she chuckled softly and
went down stairs.
“Saved, and by vaseline,” she said.
“My detective instinct told me that that
man is the kind that scratches matches
on the woodwork. Many a door jamb
and mantelpiece in the vicinity of the
gas jets has been scratched past redemp¬
tion by match fiends who had no re¬
spect for the furniture. But I have got
the best of them. I simply smear with
vaseline tlie woodwork that is conveni¬
ent for scratching matches, then the
matches won’t light. The man doesn’t
know why, but he never tries it again.”
♦
OLD-fashioned people sometimes re¬
call, for the amusement of their juniors,
the florists’ formal bouquets, as made in
their youth. They were composed of
unhappy flowers jammed closely to¬
gether, the stems wound round and
round with thread, until the whole for¬
mation was as firm as an old-country
birch besom. A frill of lace paper, silk
fringe, or lace completed the bouquet,
the stems being enclosed in an orna¬
mental holder. Sheaf and shower bou¬
quets and all the graceful arrangements
of long-stemmed flowers have displaced
these formal arrangements for so many
years that the pendulum of fashion is
swinging back again, and this Winter
we see formal bouquets once more.
Many of them are made of two sorts
of flowers, the center a flat surface of
one variety, surrounded by a contrast¬
ing border ; for instance, a center of
little pink rosebuds edged with a ring
of forget-me-nots or violets, the whole
edged with lace. They have a quaint,
before-the-war appearance, and perhaps
their dainty prettiness will make people
realize that size alone does not make
a flower’s attractiveness. The florists
themselves are getting tired of hugh
cabbagy roses and mop-like Chrysan¬
themums with five- foot stems.
*
Grape jewelry — that is, ornaments im¬
itating the foliage, fruit and tendrils of
the vine, has been very popular the last
year or two, ranging all the way from
the inexpensive but charming Paris nov¬
elties to the costly products of fashion¬
able goldsmiths. Little bunches of grapes
backed by foliage, hanging as pendants
from slender chains, brooches or quaint
little eardrops to match, slender brace¬
lets with similar decoration — all are
very alluring to the feminine. Jewelry
of the same pattern was worn by ladies
of the powerful Roman Empire two
thousand years ago, and it is interesting
to learn that a recent discovery in buried
Pompeii brings to light a specially beau¬
tiful example of it. Workmen who were
digging for the foundation of a new
building outside the area of the buried
city found the body of a woman which
had been petrified. Both the hands were
full of jewels. Evidently the woman
fled from the eruption that over¬
whelmed Pompeii, carrying her valu¬
ables, and was buried in the downpour
of scoriae. The jewels are excellently
preserved, having been protected from
the ashes and lava by the body. They
consist of bracelets, necklaces, rings,
amulets studded with gems and a pair
of earrings, which are probably unique.
They may be altogether the most valu¬
able specimen's of ancient jewelry ever
discovered. Each earring contains
twenty-one perfect pearls set in gold in
imitation of a bunch of grapees.
Home Treatment for Small Ills.
Simple remedies faithfully used will
ofttimes bring great relief and comfort
in cases Qf the smaller bodily ills. They
will in most cases prove as effective as
will the patented ointments and lotions
for which one must pay five times as
much. An elderly woman has found,
after years of annoyance from eczema,
and after trying all sorts of proprietary
“sure cures,” that nothing gives such
relief as a mixture of glycerine and
wintergreen. She buys them separate —
as druggists will sometimes charge
prescription rates where even two in¬
gredients are combined — mixing them in
about equal proportions and diluting
somewhat with alcohol that it may not
be too viscid to be well rubbed in. The
tincture of wintergreen can be used, but
the oil, though more expensive, is pref¬
erable. Thorough applications to the
skin as soon as the eruptions show will
give relief, and persistent use will drive
them away. As to those severe attacks
where much moisture exudes from the
skin, it may be necessary to call a phys¬
ician, and use more strenuous remedies,
but for the chronic irritation from which
many old people suffer a rubbing with
the glycerine and wintergreen will often
mean the comfort of a quiet night’s
sleep.
The dictionary defines “callous” as
“unfeeling,” but anyone who has had
one of those obdurate, indurated, ob¬
structions which we call a callous place
upon the foot knows how far from un¬
feeling it can seem. Daily footbaths are
a help because the only way to secure
ease is by keeping the place softened as
much as possible. When abundant hot
water and fussing are out of the ques¬
tion it is worth while to wear upon the
spot, every night, a pad of absorbent
cotton kept moist with some soothing-
remedy. A sort of skeleton sock can be
made of soft cloth, a half sandal affair
with soft strings of cloth to cross and
tie about the ankle, a little band of the
cloth to slip between the toes being
added if necessary. Baste the pad of
cotton to cover the afflicted spot and it
will take but a moment to arrange the
device for local treatment. It is said
that corns may be cured by keeping
them moist with glycerine. First dust
thickly with bicarbonate of soda and
then cover with a wad of absorbent cot¬
ton soaked in the glycerine. This is
good treatment for callosities also, and
if it is possible to wear, during the day¬
time, a corn plaster or a homemade de¬
vice of cotton having a hole in its center
to prevent pressure from the shoe, pa¬
tient perseverance in the treatment will
surely bring relief and finally complete
cure.
For a rheumatic knee this treatment is
highly recommended. Wring a towel
out of cold water at bedtime and wrap
about the lame joint. Over this pin a
dry cloth and then wrap all in a soft
woolen shawl or something equally
warm and pliable. Secure with plenty
of safety pins. Be sure to have the
woolen wrappings warm enough to bring
a sense of heat and comfort and the
knee will be well next day.
PATTIE LYMAN.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
FOUNDED 1642,
Simpson-
Eddystone
Prints
are reliable dress- goods
They have been the
standard calicoes of the
United States for over 65
years. Your grandmother
relied on these same eot-
tondress-goodsof quality;
90 did your mother.
Numerous beautiful,
fashionable designs, print¬
ed in absolutely fast col¬
ors on the finest and best
woven cloths.
Show this advertisement to your deal¬
er when you order, and don’t accept
substitutes. If not in your dealer's
stock write us his name and address.
We’ll help him supply you.
The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philadelphia
Established by Wm. Simpson, Sc
44 Maple ff Evaporators .
Oar “Maple Evaporator*9 Is the most durable and most
economical on (he market, only selected materials being
used In its construction. Henry eaat-lron frame, rein¬
forced sheet ateel jacket, extra heavy specially rolled tin
or galvanized Iron pana.
Easily erected, uses very little fuel either
wood or coal, works smoothly and evap¬
orates quickly, producing very fine sugar
and syrup; Hundreds in use giving
Splendid service. Moderate in cost.
We carry a full line of sugar camp sup¬
plies.
Send for catalog
and price liat.
McLane-
Schank
Hard¬
ware Co.
f/tnesvllle
Pa.
You
Who Get
Hungry
Between Meals
Don’t deny yourself food till meal
time.
When that mid morning hunger ap¬
proaches, satisfy it with Uneeda Biscuit.
These biscuits are little nuggets of nutrition.
Each crisp soda cracker contains energy
for thirty minutes more work.
Many business men eat them at ten
in the morning. So do school
children at recess.
They’re more nutritive than
bread. You can eat them
dry — or with milk.
Uneeda Biscuit are
always crisp and
delightful.
Never Sold
in Bulk
In the moisture-proof
package
NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY
. . .
■v.viii
1911.
-13
THE; RURAL NEW-YORKER
The Rural Patterns.
Baby’s short clothes require to be
simple, yet shapely. In this set are in¬
cluded the necessary under-garments
and a simple little dress. The petticoat
is made with a straight gathered skirt
and smooth fitting body portion and the
dress is straight below the round yoke.
It can be made either with short or long
sleeves. The drawers are just full
enough for comfort and can be finished
with either embroidery or lace or with
6854 Baby’s Set, One Size,
simple hemmed edges. They are joined
to bands and the bands are designed to
be buttoned to an under-waist. The
quantity of material required to make
the dress is 1% yards 36 or 154 yards 44
inches wide, with l'A yards of insertion
and lVs yards of edging. For the petti¬
coat will be needed 1% yards 36 or aA
yard 44 with 2 yards of insertion and 3
yards of edging, and for the drawers
will be required % yard 36 or 54 yard
44 inches wide with 2 yards of edging.
The pattern No. 6854 is cut in one size
only; price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures include 6823,
blouse waist, with or without fitted lin¬
ing. 34 to 42 bust. 4% yards of ma¬
terial 21 or 24 in. wide, 2% yards 36, 2
yards 44, for medium size. 6830, girl’s
coat. To be made with sailor or notched
collar and shield, perforated for short
length. 4% yards of material 27 in.
wide, 3 yards 44, 254 yards 52 with 54
yards of silk for sailor collar, 254 yards
of wide braid and 7 yards of narrow
braid for trimming, for 10 year size.
6821, girl’s dress, with straight skirt. 8,
10 and 12 year 5% yards of material 24
yards 44 with J4 yard 18 in. wide for
trimming, 54 yard of any width for belt,
for 10 year size. 6858, boy’s box plaited
blouse suit. 2, 4 and 6 years. 4%
yards 24 or 27 inches wide, or 2% yards
36 or 44 inches wide for a boy of 4
years. 6847, muff and collarette, collar¬
ette to be made with or without collar,
with pointed or straight outline at back.
1/4 , yards of material 36 in. wide, 154
yards 52 inches wide, with 2'A yards of
satin for lining. One size; price of
each pattern 10 cents.
Enough for Two Days.
All housekeepers are familiar with the
plan of doing baking a day ahead when
there is to be company or an extra lot
of men to feed, but very few manage
their work to admit of doing much cook¬
ing before the day it is needed. Yet this
is one of the most economical ways of
getting along known, and if the right
foods are selected there is nothing lost
in the way of flavor. Take old-fashioned
succotash for example. This is a good
hearty dish, and is relished alike by men
from the field and by company, town
company especially. Pick and boil your
beans the day before needed, as this is
the tedious task. Cook with the ham
bone or bit of bacon and set away in the
granite kettle till next day. Half an
hour before dinner bring to a boil and
add the corn and potatoes. In an emer¬
gency the corn and all but the potatoes
may be cooked the day before, and sim¬
ply re-heated when needed. Season with
butter, pepper and salt and no one will
guess it was prepared the day before at
leisure.
Puddings of all sorts may be made the
day before needed and simply reheated.
I have done this many times without
being suspected. Bake and set in a cool
place, warming half an hour before they
are to be served. Meat loaf for two
days is easily managed, though the gravy
should all be made the first day and
then reheated. Never try to heat the
gravy the second day in the same pan
with the loaf. Chicken for pot pie or
for chicken pie may be cooked the day
before, provided it is allowed to cool
without a cover, and also provided it
stands in a perfect granite kettle, crock
or dish. There is too much danger of
poison in careless cooking and saving of
chicken to recommend it to the careless
housewife.
Sweet potatoes boiled in salted water
and set away for frying in melted but¬
ter next day is another standby of the
busy housekeeper. Lima beans shelled
and parboiled for reheating in cream
sauce cannot be distinguished from
those cooked the same day, and there
are various other vegetables that stand
warming over, or rather the finishing
touches of cooking very nicely. Think
what it means to the woman whose
hands must prepare a dinner for a dozen
men or so to bring out cooked chicken
for a pie, ham ready for slicing cold,
meat loaf for a half hour’s warming in
the oven, beans ready for the hot sauce,
succotash to simmer on the back of the
stove, sweet potatoes ready for brown¬
ing in the oven, cauliflower for a hot
butter dressing, a dessert ready after a
few minutes in the oven or any one of a
dozen other dishes. Slaw can then
easily be made, as it does not take kind¬
ly to standing over night, the table set,
the potatoes freshly cooked and the
cookies and bread brought out. There
will be no hurry, no worry, and the ex¬
tra dishes to be washed will be the only
real burden of the housewife with no
help. HILUA RICHMOND^
Haricot of Mutton. — This is a sav¬
ory and nutritious dish which requires
long, slow cooking, eight or ten hours.
It will be found an economical dinner
for a large family. Wash four
or five pounds of the breast of
mutton. Put into an iron kettle — if
you have one — if not, a broad granite
one will do; but be sure to have asbes¬
tos mat or heavy iron cover under the
kettle, for you must be very careful not
to let it burn ever so little, and neither
must you stir it; if you do you will
spoil it; now over the meat pour one
quart of water. Let come to a boil,
skim, then cover tight and cook gently
for one hour. Then cut into dice, or
slices, one pint of carrots; put these on
top of the meat ; add two' tablespoonfuls
of salt and one of sugar, then one quart
can of tomatoes ; cover tight again, and
cook for another hour. Then have two
quarts of parsnips sliced; put them on
top of the kettle contents. Now on top
of this have two quarts of cabbage
shredded fine, and half cup of sharp
vinegar, also more salt, and taste the
broth so as to season to your taste.
Cover again, and let cook very slowly,
keeping tightly covered. Two hours be¬
fore dinner have as many potatoes, as
all other vegetables together, pared and
sliced in one-quarter inch slices; pile
them on top of the rest, sprinkle with a
little more salt. There must be broth
enough to nearly cover the potatoes.
Cover again, and let cook until the pota¬
toes are all mealy and tender. Do not
let the broth boil away; if it does add
some boiling water. The gravy will be
rich and savorv, and all the vegetables
will be flavored with it.
Advance
Sale * *
OF N£W
Spring -
Styles -
H**t$4**'
Expressage
Prepaid by Us
These Two
Spring Style Books
Are Yours Free
Spring Styles are greatly changed
-—are radically new and most de¬
lightful. Never has style news
been so interesting, fashions so
pleasing, and never have such
fascinating Style Books been
published as these two reserved
for You.
_ One Book is now ready — the
“National's” Advance Sale of New
Spring Styles.” This Book we want
. . , to send you Free by return mail.
Cotjniht.lQJO, n The Second Book is the wonder of the Fashion
National Cloak. & Stnt Company World— the great " National” Style Book— 224 pages
filled with beautiful fashion plates of “National” garments offered at money-saving
prices. This book, also yours free, will be sent you about January 27th.
Nowhere i* your part. We very much want you to have these Books. We have
reserved them for you, but — we need your name and address. So just now send us
your request forJJicse Style Books. One will come to you by return mail — the other
about January 27th. Both will be sent you free.
A $2.00 All-Over $1 .00
Embroidery Waist
of Fine Quality
This is a “National” opportunity
— an offer of a $2.00 waist for $1.00.
And we mean exactly that— without
one penny’s exaggeration.
No. C616 -This beautiful, new design is
made ot Imported all-over Swiss Embroidery
of fine quality. The waist is entirely made
of the embroidery — front, sleeves, back and
all. The front is made with the new points
of insertion trimmed with a very full edging
of fine Val and crochet balls. It has the new
Parisian straight cut long sleeves, with
French band cuffs trimmed with small, flat
pearl buttons. This waist will launder easily
and beautifully, will wear well, and is ex¬
tremely stylish and becoming.
Special friend-making price $1.00
Expressage prepaid by us.
Just put a one dollar bill In an envelope,
give us your size, and get this two dollar
“NATIONAL” bargain. If you are not
delighted with it we will refund your
money upon request. Be sure to state the
size desired.
And don’t forget to write for your
Style Hooks.
National Cloak & Suit Co.
273 West 24th St., New York City
Mail Orders Only— No Agents orllranch.es
Mend the Le aks
ii^you^Granitc^TiiH^uminunrandlron^
_ Dishes, Kettles, Pans, etc..
with PECKS4I& RIVETS
Anyone can do it. Quick and easy! No’
solder, cement or bolt. Fit any surface.
Send for sample box of 25 assorted sizes, 10c
postpaid. Regular package 35c.
PECK & CC-, 244 Main St., Batavia, N. Y.
TRAVELING
A<a E NT'S
WA N T E D
For thnso who liavo from 300 ft. to lk miles to go for i
their mail. Easily placed on telophone poles or 2 x 4’s J
fastened to fence posts. The
OAKWOOD MAIL CARRIER
Made entirely of metal. Ball-bearing pulleys. Sold I
on thirty days’ trial. W rite for book 1 ‘Getting the Mail. ’ ’
Oakwood Mfg. Co. 47 Stanton Ave. Springfield, Ohio.
c Vou can
& &
Boil
SILL STOVE WORKS,
Rochester
ant! Boston
Send your dealer's name.
<m!/k
^ I AHAT certainly proves
-A that the heat really is
carried entirely across the top of the
stove. It is quite impossible to get
such uniform distribution of heat with¬
out the Sterling Flue System. The
is the only kind that will bake a
barrel of flour into 250 big loaves of
bread (1 }( lbs. each!) with one hod
of coal. The Sterling Flue System
is one important reason. The
Sterling Automatic Oven Circu¬
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In all, there are 20 exclu¬
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money and time. Our booklet tells. Ask your dealer
for it or send to
Cut
Out
This
Coupon
Gr’Mail
To-Da^y
Sill Stove VVorks, 215 Kent St., Rochester, N. Y
1 lease send your book on Sterling Ranges tc
My Name. . . .
Address... . state.
My Dealer's Name . . .
44
January 14,
THE R.UFtA.I> NEW-YORKER
Aunt Martha’s Envelope Library.
We were sitting on the shady end of
the veranda, busily engaged in trying to
work out the details of a somewhat in¬
tricate piece of Irish crochet, when we
heard a timid knock at one of the
veranda pillars, and looked up to see^ a
tiny maid gazing gravely at us. She
courtesied prettily in response to our
greeting and walked timidly over to
Aunt Martha.
“I’m going to have a birthday party,
and my mama said maybe you would
please to tell me some games to play,
she whispered.
“To be sure I will,” said Aunt Martha,
kissing the eager upturned face, “but
first 1 must know how many are to be
invited, and whether it is a party for
little girls or for girls and ? boys, and
when and where it is to be.
“On the lawn if it is pleasant, and in
the house if it rains,’ replied the little
one. beginning with the last question.
“I’m five years old next Saturday and
my mama said they was to come at
two o’clock, and I have asked -then
followed a long list of names and
there will be girls and boys, she added,
looking expectantly into Aunt Martha’s
face.
“Very well, dear. You come over on
Saturday morning and I will tell you
how to play several games which . I am
sure vou will all think great fun, said
Aunt Martha.
“I knew you would, said the little
one joyously, and she darted away, call¬
ing over her shoulder, “I'm going to
kindergarten.” . .
Aunt Martha drew a small pad with
pencil attached from her apron pocket,
and jotted something down on it, then
resumed her crocheting.
“Good morning!” The speaker was a
rosv-faced young woman in the next
yard. A troubled expression on her face
was explained by her first words, “Tom
* has just telephoned that I am going to
have company for luncheon, and T can t
think of a thing to give them. It isn’t
that I don’t have things, but I don’t
know what to get for a company lunch¬
eon in a hurry. Can you tell me?”
“Give me 10 minutes and I can,” Aunt
Martha replied as she went into the
house. In a few minutes she was back,
carrying an envelope and a sheet of
note paper. “I have written down three
‘hurry up menus,’ ” she said, as she
passed the paper and envelopes over the
fence. “I think one of them may be
what you want, and there are recipes
tor one or two dishes which may be
prepared on short notice, which you may
like to try. They are tested and will
be sure to be good. You may^ return
them when your guests are gone.”
The girl’s face cleared as she looked
over the menus. “That first one is just
the thing,” she exclaimed. “Thank you
so much. I get so flustered when I
have to plan meals in a hurry for com¬
pany. I can’t seem to think of any¬
thing,” and she hurried away to pre¬
pare for her unexpected guests.
We had successfully copied the first
‘figure when Nellie Evans came hurrying
in and seated herself on the top step.
“You see it’s this way,” she began,
“the Baracas and Adelphis and the Y s
and the Order of the Shield are each
to be responsible for one social during
the season; and our class, the ’Order
of the Shield,’ are to have one next
month, and we want to have some sort
of an entertainment for part of the.
evening and the rest of the time we
want to have something everyone can
take part in, and I told the girls I was
sure you would know just the thing,
and I knew you would help us. ^ ou
will, won’t you ?”
“And probably I will,” remarked Aunt
Martha dryly.
“And we’re to meet to plan it out on
Monday evening,” continued Nell, ob¬
livious of any inference in Aunt Mar¬
tha’s words, “and I wondered if we
might meet here, so you could tell, all
the girls just what to do, you know.”
“And you certainly may, and I will be
delighted to have you,” Aunt Martha
replied.
Nellie laughed. “Did I use too many
ands? I don’t care, it’s a dear little
connector, and I haven’t time to, bother
with grammatical intricacies. I’m late
to my music lesson now, but I feel as if
our social was all planned now. Good¬
bye,” and she hurried away.
Aunt Martha jotted something more
down on the pad in her apron pocket.
“Have you a recipe for carrot mar¬
malade?” said Mrs. Wilson, coming in
the gate, which Nellie had left open.
“I’ve looked through all the cook books
I have and I can’t find a recipe, and
mother says, ‘Why don’t you put your
bonnet on and run over to Martha’s?
She’s sure to have one.’ And so I
came right over. Have you got one?”
Aunt Martha went into the house
again and soon came out with the de¬
sired recipe.
“It seems as if you always had the
thing we’re looking for, no matter what
it is,” said Mrs. Wilson, as she took
the recipe and started down the steps.
“I think Mrs. Wilson sized up the
situation about right,” I said, as that
worthy lady disappeared down the
street. “And still the wonder grew
that one small head could carry all she
knew,” I paraphrased. “How do you
do it, Aunt Martha?”
“As I told you, I began years ago,”
she said, “and I have kept it up. I keep
my magazines on file through the year,
but I mark every article which I care
to save as I read them. Then, at the
end of the year I spend all my spare
time for a week or two cutting clippings
and filing them away. I wait until the
end of the year because I loan my
magazines to friends and I do not like
to have them disfigured when they take
them to read. As for the case, your
uncle gave that to me last Christmas. I
like it because I can add new sections as
I need them. Before I had this case I
used one which I made myself. You see
“Come, and I will show you,” she- I keep my patterns in it now,” and she
replied, leading the way to her sewing drew back the curtains of a case made
room. “There, ’ she said, pointing to a of grocery boxes into which she had
sectional bookcase with heavily frosted fitted partitions of thin boards. that
glass doors, “you see the source of all 1S within the leach of anyone, I am
my wisdom. My small head don’t carry sujT-
it at all. It is, as you will see, carefully What would you take for y our E -
labeled and packed away in those en- velope Library . I asked as we returne
velopes,” and she pushed back the door to veranda. „ „
to one section, revealing a case of Why, my dear, she began, y u e
pigeonholes filled with white envelopes, I never thought of sue i a t iing.
4^x11 inches in size. “This is what I wouldn t take anything for it, she broke
4^2x1 _
call my envelope library, and this,”
throwing open the top section and
pointing to two drawers which occupied
the width of two pigeonholes in the sec¬
tion, “is my card index.” The drawers
were filled with cards indexed in true
library fashion.
“But what is in the envelopes?” I
asked.
“Clippings,” she replied. “I began
collecting them when I was a mere child.
At first l had a -scrap album, but often
there were things on both sides of the
clipping which I wished to preserve, and
the scrap album would not do unless I
purchased another paper or magazine,
so I took to putting such things in en¬
velopes. After a time I discarded the
scrap book entirely and placed all the
clippings in envelopes. The difficulty
which arose then was that I never knew
where to find anything. After I had
filled a dozen envelopes the task of
searching for some article was too bur¬
densome, so I began to label each en¬
velope, writing on the outside the title
of each clipping as I inserted it. This
worked well until my clippings outgrew
their envelopes. Then I began increas¬
ing my envelopes and subjects. For
example, in place of the one envelope
labeled ‘Cooking Recipes,’ I use many
envelopes for each department of cook¬
ery. There is an envelope for every¬
thing to be cooked ; each kind of fruit,
each vegetable, each variety of meat, has
an envelope. On my cards I make a
note of every clipping .filed, giving the
title and number of the envelope. As
the envelopes are arranged alphabetically
I find it an easy matter to locate any
clipping in a moment.”
I looked hastily through the card in¬
dex, and became more and more im¬
pressed with the possibilities of such a
system. The index was quite complete.
Under the subject of Recipes, I found
such recipes as “Chicken and Egg Salad"
noted on three different cards under the
headings, “Chicken,” “Egg,” and “Salad.”
Each referred to the same envelope,
which in this case was “Salads.” There
were five salad envelopes, I noticed,
labeled respectively “Meat Salads,’’
“Vegetable Salads,” “Fish Salads,’
“Fruit salads,” “Salads,” the last to in¬
clude all salads not included in the
others. There were a number of menu
envelopes, suggesting menus for almost
every occasion imaginable, judging
from the topics. There were menus for
children’s parties, afternoon parties and
teas, company breakfasts, dinners, and
suppers, evening gatherings, public and
private, etc., etc. But the cookery and
household sections were not all. There
was a literary section holding clippings
giving “Short Biographies,” “Travel
Sketches,” “Stories of Famous Men,”
“Poetry,” “Music and Musicians,” and
many more subjects. Then there was
the entertainment section with its thou¬
sands of suggestions for good times.
Public entertainment programmes for
all occasions, parties to suit every season
and occasion, picnic plans, missionary
programmes and socials, games, puzzles,
children’s parties, in short, every possi¬
ble form of entertainment seemed to be
represented in the list. There was a mis¬
cellaneous section holding information
on a variety of subjects. Toilet recipes,
fancy articles, Christmas suggestions —
but you will hardl” care for a continu¬
ance of the enumeration. Enough has
been given to suggest the possibilities of
such a plan. I understood now why
everyone called on Aunt Martha for
ideas.
“That is splendid,” I said, admiringly,
“but not everyone can afford sectional
bookcases fitted up like that, and then,
where did you get all your clippings?”
off emphatically.
“I should hardiy think you would,” I
said. “It is a veritable mine of informa¬
tion, but suppose you had magazines
which you did not care to destroy'. I
have several volumes of fancy work
papers which are a constant source of
annoyance to me, because I never know
where to find things in them, and I have
to look through so many before I run
across what I want.”
“The card index will solve that prob¬
lem,” sard Aunt Martha. “Perhaps you
noticed down in the corner of some of
the cards in my library index the letters
X Y Z.” I had noticed them. “They
refer to a card index which I keep to
index just such papers and books. They
show that there is something on the
same subject in some paper or book
which will be recorded in the other
index.” Just then the minister’s wife
came in the gate and I came in the
house.
“Can you suggest something to fill in
the time which was to have been taken
by Miss M — at our missionary meet¬
ing? You know she is ill,” I heard her
ask as I came through the hall. I was
sure Aunt Martha could.
martha’s niece.
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44 Bushels to the Acre
Is a henvy yield, but that’s what John Kennedy of
firovince showed other excel-
ent results— such as 4,000 bush¬
els of wheat from 120 acres, or
33X bushels per acre. 26. 30 and
40 bushel yields were numerous.
As high as 132 bushels of oats to
the acre were threshed from
Alberta fields.
THE SILVER CUP
at the recent Spokane Fair was
awarded to the Alberta Government
for its exhibit of grains, grasses and vege¬
tables, Reports of excellent yields for 1910
come also from Saskatchewan and Manitoba
ail in Western Canada.
Free Homesteads of 160 acres,
and adjoining pre-emptions of 160
acres (at $3 per acre), are to be had
in the choicest districts.
Schools convenient, climate ex¬
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wny8clo8eathand,buildinfi:Iumber
cheap, fuel easy to get and reason¬
able in price, water easily procured,
mixed farming: a success.
Writo as to best placo for settlement, set¬
tlers’ low railway rates, pamphlet “Last Best
West” and other information, to Supt. of Im-
mig. , Ottawa, Can. , or to Can. Gov’t Agt. (54)
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent, 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
Victor-Victrola
Victor-Victrola X
$75
Mahogany or oak
Victor-Victrola XI, $100
Mahogany or oak
Victor-Victrola XIV, $ 1 50
Mahogany or oak
with racks for records
The most wonderful of
all musical instruments
The Victor-Victrola pos¬
sesses all the virtues of the
famous Victor, but has im¬
proved sound amplifying- sur¬
faces instead of a horn and
all moving parts are entirely
concealed.
And it has a pure and mel¬
low tone-quality such as is
possessed by no other in¬
strument.
Hear the Victor-Victrola today at
the nearest Victor dealer’s. At least
write us for complete catalogs.
Victor Talking Machine Co.
20th and Cooper Sts., Camden, N. J.
Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal
Canadian Distributors
]Look for the
\ Victor dog
^ on the lid of N
every Victor-Victrola
Mis MaslcrsXoicC/
1811.
The Michigan Woman on Summer
Boarders.
A discussion of Summer boarders on
a farm leads me to add my observa¬
tions, if not my experience, for I live
near Lake Michigan where thousands
of Chicago people cross over and spend
a vacation in our sand and fruit trees.
The city woman has so many con¬
veniences in the nearby shops, the street
car, the gas, electricity, city water and
such things that she little knows what
she entails on her hostess by her re¬
quests and requirements. As a rule,
she is unwilling to pay what it is
worth, for the time that is lost in get¬
ting back and forth, the expense of the
trip and the expenses that go on, like
rent and such things, all are counted
out of the board. The children of city
parents transported to the farm miss
the companionship of the neighborhood
children. They are less resourceful
when obliged to play alone and they
give their mother and the hostess a
“merry chase.” It is hard for grown¬
ups and children to adjust themselves
to such a different way of living, dis¬
satisfaction grows aided by lonesome¬
ness and strangeness and quietness,
“nothing doing,” the rush and hurry
of city life all removed — is it any won¬
der my lady hurries back to her own
home, leaving the farmer’s family lit¬
tle better off in purse, but long on ex¬
perience? If she goes into a Summer
hotel regular fixed rates are charged,
her wants are anticipated (or not
worried over), she does not lack com¬
panionship and if she dare take chil- '
dren there, they have their own quar¬
ters and caretakers and separate din¬
ing-rooms. To take boarders with sat¬
isfaction to all and to make something
one should charge at least a dollar a
day, several should be entertained and
enough should be engaged to keep the
house full throughout the season. The
woman who undertakes to care for
boarders should have little care be¬
sides; the mother of little children or
one who is not strong should not at¬
tempt it. She should have an accom¬
modating husband and one who will do
his share as well as tell “how much we
made” and spend the money. She should
have a good garden and plenty of fruit,
or get both direct from the grower. She
should be able to serve young chickens
and fresh eggs; if city people go into
the country it is for farm food and
and these should be provided.
That city people have been imposed
upon by farmers who advertised and
accepted them when not able to give
them ordinary accommodations, we all
know. They cannot eat the farm, or
breathe the air if a barnyard is near
and flies plentiful. Mosquitoes are ter¬
rible here in Michigan at times. They
should be subdued or checked by
porches screened or mentioned when
arrangements are made. Canned goods
are the city dwellers’ year round food,
and should not be on the farm table.
Stale eggs and thin milk are not apt to
keep or bring back boarders. If one
takes a large number of boarders, say
10 or more, one can let the less desir¬
able ones go and select the ones for
another year that are easily suited, that
are appreciative and one can know what
kind of people are coming. Those who
have failed at keeping boarders are
those who rush into it and out of it
with little experience, and those who
try to make too much for the time
being. It is like other business, “not
built in a day,” one season may be only
a preparation for another very satis¬
factory one, while in itself very dis¬
appointing. “Learn to do by doing”
applies to this as to other tasks ; no
one should feel she has mastered it in
one season or with one family. The
secret is to charge enough to cover
one's expenses, one’s time, the wear
and tear on household goods, and to
put one’s own interests largely aside; it
can t be done as a side issue.
Satisfactory help is scarce. Girls can
have their choice of many good places.
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
46
Why should they engage to work where
exacting city boarders expect “40 trips
upstairs” when one is tired. If one
cannot take a girl into partnership, re¬
alizing her work is an asset as well as
the rooms and the poultry products,
better depend on daughters or labor-
saving machines, for hired girls have
a habit of deciding to leave or have a
sick mother or something equally dis¬
turbing when hot weather and boarders
are at the other end of the plank.
City children we know are in a very
unnatural environment. When they get
to the country with its freedom from
“cops” and dangers, they seem to let
loose their pent-up energies, inquisi¬
tiveness and lawlessness. It is a great
trial to those who see property de¬
stroyed and pet animals mistreated.
This should be spoken of when engag¬
ing boarders, for some mothers do not
realize the depredations their children
are committing, being ignorant of
country life themselves. Some women,
like some hens, make poor mothers,
that kind should be avoided in tak¬
ing them into one’s home, for their
stay will not be satisfactory. Were I
to take Summer boarders I should
stock up with medicine, by a physician’s
instructions, of such kinds liable to be
needed, with plain directions for adults
and children. A change of water, food
and other things, a lack of excitement
and anxiety all tend to work physical
changes. Then there is the possible
accident and no doctor near ! The
mother who brings children into
the country should be asked to
bring her own physician’s remedies
for such things as they may need.
There are prickly heat, sunburn, mos¬
quitoes and the ever-present stomach
ache where green apples and cucum¬
bers may abound. This precaution
would save many a shortened vacation
and disappointment to all concerned.
A profusion of flowers and being able
to pick freely will help wonderfully,
and annuals should be planted and
cared for. A steady horse for them
to drive will add to their pleasure and
the pleasure they give, for who does
not want to give satisfaction in ex¬
change for money. This is a good
place to remember the Golden Rule
and try to give the square deal. Many
of our valuable friends came by acci¬
dent, and who can tell but in doing
the right thing by a city woman we
may not be making lifelong friends,
such friends as mere money and pros¬
perity do not bring to us ?
A MICHIGAN WOMAN.
and looked as good as new. The lovely
cloak was for Baby John's christening,
and he looked very sweet indeed as he
pulled at the beautiful lace with his
chubby hands and looked up at the good
old minister, as the solemn words of
baptism were pronounced. f.
BOYHOOD
AND
Making Over to Advantage.
“Here, Huldah, are some things to
make over for the children,” said
Mother as she tucked a big bundle into
the buggy just as Huldah was starting
for home.
The bundle contained, among other
things, a dress of cream white wool
henrietta cloth with trimming of fine
wide lace and satin ribbon. The skirt
was somewhat soiled, so Huldah ripped
that and colored it dark red with crim¬
son dye. There was enough material
in the skirt to cut one of the long waist-
ed princess models with pleated skirt
for her little daughter. That was easy
for a “making over’’ process. It is al¬
ways more work to “make over” than
to make up new material. But the waist
taxed Huldah’s ingenuity, and from it
she evolved the seemingly impossible, a
baby coat or cloak of ample size for
Baby John. The old-fashioned large
puffed sleeves were immense, really, and
they made the skirt ot the cloak and the
little coat sleeves besides. The capote
was fashioned from the back and fronts
of the waist, and the yoke pieced from
them, too. The piecings were scarcely
noticeable in the capote, and in the yoke 1
were hidden by the ribbon and lace
trimming. The fine cotton lining that
was in the waist and sleeves was used
to line the cloak, though Huldah was
sorely tempted to buy some silk for
that. The waist material was carefully
washed of course before making up,
Stewed Red Cabbage. — Cut one red
cabbage into thin slices, put them into a
stewpan with a small slice of ham cut in
dice, one-half ounce of butter, half a
pint of weak stock or broth and a gill
of vinegar. Cover the pan closely and
stew for one hour. When very tender
add another half pint of stock, pepper
and salt to taste and one tablespoonful
of powdered sugar, mix well together,
stir over the fire until nearly all the
liquor has dried away and serve with
fried sausages as a garnish.
Stuffed Potatoes with Hamburg Gravy.
— Bake one dozen good-sized potatoes.
When done cut off a cap at one end of
each, remove inside, mash and mix with
it one tablespoon of butter, one table¬
spoon of onion (minced), a teaspoon of
salt and a saltspoon of pepper. Stuff
the skins and put back in the oven for
30 minutes. For the Hamburg gravy cook
one-half pound Hamburg steak, add to it
a cup of water, a tablespoon of chopped
onion and a teaspoon of salt; thicken |
with a dessertspoon of flour and a table-
spoon of butter.
Priscilla Cream Roll. — Pare and chop
fine six medium-sized raw potatoes.
Season with half teaspoonful of salt, a
teaspoon ful of onion juice, a dash of
cayenne, and add just enough cream
sauce to bind them together. Put them
into a buttered shallow baking dish
and place in a moderately hot oven in a
pan of hot water. Cook until the pota¬
toes are done; then roll them over like
an omelet, let them stand a few minutes
linger, but do not let them brown. Turn
out on a heated dish and garnish with
parsley and broiled ham.
ALCOHOL
There are some things too
awful to contemplate — one
is the giving of alcohol in the
guise of medicine to boys.
We believe
Scott’s Emulsion
is the only preparation of
Cod Liver Oil that contains
absolutely no alcohol, drug
or harmful ingredient of
any sort.
ALL DRUGGISTS
Has a Host »f
Imitators,
Imitations
Have limitations
| Get Genuine "Sun” Lamps and “Sun" Hollow Wire
1 System. Safe— permitted by insurance underwriters.
Easy to instal j lights like gas, brilliant beautiful light.
Burns gasoline. Cheaper than electricity , gas. kerosene.
Two weeks' trial; guarantee bond. Catalog, ic3 styles
fixtures, $2.25 UP* No agents— sold direct.
SUN VAPOR
LIGHT
CO.
1116 Market
Street
Canton, 0.
NEW YORK PRICES ARE LOWEST
★
★
R. H. MACY & CO. Establish Prices in New York
penses. transportation charges, etc., which are a part of the prices asked in usual retail stores If
you want to do so you can make a big saving this year and at the same time have better things
to eat. to wear, and to use. Send a postal card to learn by return mail how to make this saving
LIVE BETTER AND AT LOWER COST R. H. Macy & Co. quote lower prices
vrSm«fcoTteMhanfi3f'l Wa |eifher mi>nufact"re ou,;.own ff.ood? secure them at fireThands0^ we pass them on to you
at mere cost of materials and Labor with our one small margin of profit added. Our prices are so low that even merchants
'VTldcr , ',ow we ')° }*■ n°n't take our word for it— see for yourself. We issue a big catalogue filled from cover to
cover with a wonderful variety of every kind of merchandise, which we sell at prices below those quoted by any other
dealer at home or elsewhere. We will send you a copy free and postpaid if you write a letter or postal card and
avYIor * ou waste money every day you get along
without this free book. Write for it to-day.
Send for Catalogue No. 801
R. H. Macy & Co. New York
★
★
★★★★★★★★★★★★★
Treat your
plants right!
Use, Sunlight
Double Glass
Sash
A 5/e inch leaver of dry still eJr. between th etwo/zye^of
the coldest weoitheti
This transparent blanket eliminates all mats, “10 below zero. Plantnunder Sunlight Sash un¬
boards or coverings of any kind, and does away “urt.the saih were not covered.-’ Writs us for
with the hard work Agents offer.
Double GIclss Sash
with the hard wor
a.. Plants get all the light all thetime
IU which makes them grow faster and sturdier and
puts them on the market weeks in advance of
those grown under single glass sash. Glass is held
in place without putty. Can’t work loose. Easily
replaced.
lO degrees below zero
Wilmer A. Lyon, Lyndonville, Vermont, writes:
SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO., (Inc.
Agents offer.
Get these two books :
1, Our free catalog. Containing freight prepaid
and guaranteed delivery —
proposition.
2. Send 4c In stamps for a
valuable booklet on hot¬
bed and cold-frame gar¬
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Massey.
934: E. Broadway,
Louisville. Ky.
W/S-
Precious Lives in the Country are Saved from Death
Telephone and Get the Doctor in Half the Time You Can by Riding.
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Errands*1 VlSlt Whle lt; Rains— Tells the Weather Forecast— Summons your Harvest Laborers— Saves You Countless
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Let a Dean ’Phone Do It for You. Send for Free Booklet and Plan.
Address— THE DEAN ELECTRIC CO., 1305 TAYLOR STREET, ELYRIA, OHIO
^\V;\\'S1
A
,w»; «*v
''"'mu '
********
40
THE RURAIi NEW -YORKER
January 14,
Live Stock and Dairy
HENS AGAINST COWS.
On page 1206 W. J. Dougan makes a re¬
markable statement about his hens. He
says he will match 10 hens against two
cows. What does he mean by such talk?
It is the biggest hen talc yet. j. s. p.
We asked Mr. Dougan to chop his
statements up finer, and he sends us the
following. We expect to have later the
whole story with a description of the
henhouse :
Those $9 Hens.
Before writing anything about poultry
or cows let me say three things : I have
no book for sale. I am exploiting no
system. I am seeking no free adver¬
tising. Those being understood, I will
admit that the contest looks unequal on
its face, and, I know, could not be con¬
sidered rational when some cows are
considered. With proper handling 10
hens will do lots. You evidently don’t
know this neighborhood, or you would
never think of anyone accepting the
challenge. I have some extra jiice
poultry, and I never thought that $9.89
a head per year, was anything extra.
At the time we did that, we were com¬
plaining of our “ill luck,” as it was
impossible to get a decent hatching, just
think, only 700 chicks from 2,740 eggs.
That is the best we could do in 1909.
I think the only secret is in the select¬
ing, as I find only about one in five
•really worth the trouble of keeping. I
have read most of the poultry books,
and then did as I thought best, and I
find that good common sense will do
wonders.
We have a poultry house which I con¬
sider a gem, or a wonder ; it is won¬
derful for simplicity, and for conveni¬
ence beats anything I ever saw. It is
open front, except for two-inch wire
netting. Inside we have muslin cur¬
tains, eight by six feet, which swing
up against the roof. It is now 136
feet in length, and 56 feet more build¬
ing, with f:ed room on east end. It is
divided by wire partitions, two-inch
mesh. Some sections have three cur¬
tains, some only two, as we were gov¬
erned by the rows of apple trees. Three
cuytains, 24 feet, we allow 90 Wyan¬
dotte hens, or just enough to fill two
roosts. The house is 15 feet wide, no
floor, only sand on top of the earth to
fill up about six inches higher than the
ground outside. Meat, oyster shells,
grit and charcoal hoppers hang on the
back and partitions, and bran box on
the floor where it can be reached on
four sides. Water arrangement will be
improved next Spring, as it will be
piped to the house. The above things
are always on hand. I have never used
a mash, either wet or dry, since 1907.
Feed oats for breakfast (in litter)
wheat, barley or screenings, with now
and then some buckwheat for lunch,
just to keep them busy, and cracked
corn at night, and all they want of it,
too. I claim no “system” except regu¬
larity in the care.
We keep two breeds, White Wyan-
dottes and Single Comb White Leg¬
horns. The way we make so much is
simple. We get more than 35 cents of
the consumer’s dollar, in fact, we get
nearly all of it, as we sell all eggs di¬
rect to private families and at top price,
and cannot begin to supply the trade
that comes to us, having turned away
orders for as many as 105 dozen per
week. We take orders for a stated
yearly price so must count on \\ inter
eggs, and I have had them every Win¬
ter with exception of Winter of tqo6,
my first Winter at this business. This
farm is one that was abandoned and has
48 acres (46 too much for a poultry
farm), and more than 2,000 fruit trees,
so you can form your own idea about
the cause of the others failing. We are
increasing facilities as fast as we can,
as the call for stock and eggs is too
great to turn away. The price for eggs
just now is all that a poor man can
pay ; but I don’t deal with the market
at all, except for surplus chickens. Each
egg, when shipped, is wrapped in paper
before being packed. We stand all
breakage, unless it exceeds one dozen,
and then the express company stands
it. I deal with the United States Ex¬
press Company, and have no complaint
to offer, as they always pay claims, al¬
though it usually takes five months.* I
am sending you a seal I use on each
case, that being about the _ only way I
know to insure no substitution.
I am greatly opposed to spreading
great stories about the profits in poultry,
as I think it does great injury. The
ones who partly handle poultry only
smile and say it is a lie. The inexperi¬
enced swallow everything whole, never
looking or thinking of the reverse side
of the case, and jump in. It figures up
so easily, if 100 hens can earn $900, 5,000
can do so much more. Your fortune
made while you wait. I shall, no doubt,
be interested in any controversy the
statement stirs up, although I intended
nothing of that sort when I wrote you,
but I stand for the statement, and I
know from reading The R. N.-Y. that
you present things to readers in proper
light. w. j. DOUGAN.
New Jersey.
A Cow Man Talks.
If I were a neighbor of W. J. Dou¬
gan I surely would put two cows up
against his 10 hens. A little more than
a year ago we began to keep records of
milk production, of our individual cows,
and while I find that some in a dairy of
15 return us as little as $60, I can se¬
lect two that are ahead of Mr. Dougan’s
10 hens. No. 1 gave 9,059 pounds of
milk, which sold for $143.02, delivered
at the receiving station. Her calf was
raised, and we valued it at $5 when we
weaned it, making $148.02 gross returns.
No. 2 gave 8,213 pounds of milk, worth
$133.75. Valuing the calf as above
would make the gross, returns $138.75.
These are grade Holstein and I have no
doubt can be beaten. The best lesson I
have learned by keeping records is that
it does not pay to keep the poor cows.
P. ALLEN CLOUD.
Chester Co., Penn.
Mange,
Is there any cure for mange in a dog?
I have a dog that has had it for about a
year. Do you think it is past curing?'
New Jersey. W. T.
There are different forms of mange, and
one has to treat for each kind in a dif¬
ferent way. The case should prove curable,
but we are unable to prescribe intelligently,
not knowing whether it is parasitic mange
or “red mange” (eczema). If the dog is
a valuable animal better take him to an
expert in canine practice. If you do not
care to do so, give us a full description
of the case, symptoms, condition present,
manner of management and feeding and
say what treatment has failed. If you do
so we may be able to give advice, a. s. a.
Heaves.
Is there any cure for a horse with
heaves? I have one among our stock that
has become pretty bad, has had it several
years. We have been giving him different
kinds of medicine, but all of no use. I
have heard that there is no cure for
heaves, but also heard you can relieve a
horse for some time, provided he gets the
right sort of treatment. This horse is
about 20 years of age. a. j. c.
New York.
As the horse does not cough it is most
likelv that he is a “roarer” (laryngeal
hemiplegia) and in that case he might
work comfortably after insertion of a per¬
manent tracheotomy tube in his windpipe.
A qualified veterinarian could perform the
necessary operation. If the flanks heave
when the horse stands at rest the trouble
is “heaves” and roaring may be an ac¬
companiment. Wet all food. Prefer oat
straw to hay in Winter and grass as the
only food in Summer. Do not work him
soon after a meal. Dive half an ounce of
Fowler’s solution of arsenic night and
morning after a few smaller preliminary
doses. a. s. a
Costs Nothing
To Try,
Costs Little to Own
A SHARPLES
Tubular Cream
Separator
Without expense to you, our local representa¬
tive will put the world-iamous Dairy Tubular
into your home for thorough, free trial.
Remember! Dairy
Tubulars are later than
and different from othci s
—no disks or other con¬
traptions— a b s o 1 u t e 1 y
simple— wear a lifetime-
guaranteed forever. The
average life of (so called)
cheap machines is one
year. Cheaper to
buyaTubular.and
use it a lifetime,
than spendhundredsof dollars
for inferior machines which
wear out quickly and lose
their cost in wasted cream
time after time.
Whyshouldyou pay freight,
or anything else, or waste
time on any “mailorder” or
other inferior machine,
when you can get The World’s Best
in your home town for free trial ?
America’s oldest and world’s
biggest separator concern offers
ou it costs less to own a
Tubular than
any other.
Write for
1911 catalogue
No. 153, and
free trial.
to show you
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CilEsi’LK, PA.
Okleago, Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore,
Toronto, Can., Winnipeg, Can.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. ^fze ^
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs Dow. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
I
AJAX FLAKES
THIS valuable distillers’ grain
contains about 31% protein,
13% fat. It is twice as strong as
bran. You cannot make milk
economically if you use bran.
One pound of AJAX FLAKES
does the work of two pounds of
bran, and saves $14.00 per ton.
AJAX FLAKES
holds hundreds of official records and
many world’s records. It is used and
recommended by Cornell Agricultural
College, Pennsylvania State College
and prominent breeders. You should
lay in your supply now.
Send for Feeders' Hand Book ■with
tables and. feeding instructions.
BEWARE OF IMITATIONS
CHAPIN & CO., Seneca and Main Sts., Buffalo, N. Y.
NEWTON’S HEAVE
COUCH, DISTEMPER^* I IDE1 m
AND INDIGESTION vUI\L g
The Standard Veterinary Remedy. 12
Makes the horse sound, stay sound
DEATH TO HEAVES
The first or second $1.00 can cures. The third can
is guaranteed to cure or money refunded.
$1.00 per can at dealers, or express prepaid.
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO., Toledo. Obi*
euc
33
0 3NTS
□
THE PERCHERON SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Has just increased its capital stock to
$100,000. 10,000 shares of $10 each. 3,000
shareholders, Nov. 28, 1910. 100 breeders
have taken membership since Dec. 1st.
Ninety-five per cent of the Percheron
breeders of America record with the
Percheron Society. *****
Information pertaining Percherons furnished. Address
WAYNE DIXSMORE, Secretary,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill.
Pfj Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
OU at farmers' prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station. East Orwell, O.,
on Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS
that make a horse Wheeze,
Roar, have Thick Wind, or
Choke-down, can be re¬
moved with
ABsor
BINE
or any Bunch or Swelling,
NTo blister, no hairl
gone, and horse kept at.
work. $2.00 per bottle, de-|
livered. Book 3 D free.
ABSORBINE,JR.,for -
mankind. $1.00, delivered. Reduces Goitre, Tumors,
Wens, Varicose Veins, Ulcers, Hydrocele, Varico-
celo. Book free. Made only by
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
DA.I
Y CATTLE
M51, HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of youngbulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
SHETLAND
PONIES
free. BELLE MEADE
Unceasing source of pleasure
and robust health to children.
Ideal playmates. Safe. Inex¬
pensive to keep. Stallions and
mares for breeding. Complete
outfits Illustrated catalog
FARM. DEPT. S. MARKHAM. VA.
KENTUCKY MAMMOTH JACKS, JEN¬
NETS and SADDLE HORSES.
Wo are the Largest P.reeders in America of Mam¬
moth Jacks. Hampshire and Tamworth hogs. Stock
of all ages for sale. J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Ky.
I i JS XU 33 33 n
Woodland Dorsets
Woodland Dorsets have been sold into practically
eveiy State in the Union, and are giving satisfac
tion. I can spare fifty head of splendid ewes, all
of them bred to a very fine ram.
CHAS. B. WING, Mechanlcsburg, Ohio.
— 100 yearling ewes; 40
yearling rams. Price and
FRED VAN VLEET, LODI. N.Y.
SHR0PSHIRES
breeding right.
SWIUE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
ONTARIO VAN FRIESLAND DE KOL
BULL CALF, three months old; sire, America
De Kol Burke; dam, Woodcrest Van Friesland,
over 21 pounds. Price, $75 crated f. o. b.
Charlotte. Send for details.
CLOVER HALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Hunt, Owner John J. Eden. Manager
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI AN ASS’N OF AMERICA
K.L. HOUGHTON. SEC' Y.BOX 1 0S.BRATTLEBO RO. VT.
k /ow dt°h n°t Fern’s Jubilee No. 73852
A. J. C. C., is one of the best “butter bred” bulls
in the world, investigate. Then order one of his
young sons before it is too late. Nothing over three
months old on hand at present. Address
J. GRANT MORSE, -:- Laurel Farm, -:- Hamilton, N. Y.
Galloways at beef prices. Buying feed, will have
— — ■ no room on grass. Either sex, all
ages, for sale. CHAMBERLIN & SON, Flat Rock, Mich.
Breed Up— Not DowirfcT
X . D..., Vr. Krvt
rsey Bull Calves
can afford to
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. U. F.
SHANNON, 007 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Millr Pundiirprc for New York City market
lUllft riUUUOClN desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville, N. Y.
nilPflPC THE mG’ I>EEP FELLOWS
UUnUUO that grow and mature quickly.
Pigs and Gilts for sale at all times.
SIIENANGO RIVER FARMS, Transfer, Pa.
CHELD0N FARM registered Duroes. Pigs of both sex.*
« Bred Sows. Service Boars Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y.
A BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PIG given for a
d few hours of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannettsburg, Pa,
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Sows bred for spring farrow. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-m
ea*-h oi th«* lust three volumes ot American Berkshire Record
we sold ami registered more Berkshires than any other breeder
in the United States. The large proportion went to old euatom-
ers. Thisspeaks for itself. 1I.C. & II. B. llarpending, Dundee, K. Y.
The
MOST
MONEY
for One Dollar
Invested in Food / >J$
has
been secured J
in impartial trial^
from
The GUERNSEY COW
Her Dairy Products have Scored the Highest Quality and Best Color
The Guern*ey was the Fir*t Breed to establish an
Advanced Register on basis of Year* Record*
with Public Supervision.
An average of over 1000 official year’s records show .
8000 lbs. Milk 400 lbs. Butter Fat
(Equivalent to 460 lbs. butter)
AVERAGE PER CENT. BUTTER FAT 5.07
Full information regarding the breed by writing
The American Guernsey Cattle Club
Bo* R PETERBORO, N. H.
O Gr S
SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose Pa.
ppi I IC D| | DO— From imported stock. Females
ULLLIl rUrOeheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
“EVERYTHING FOR DAIRYMEN ALWAYS IN STOCK”
WISISIER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 230 ^wyork" ST'
1911.
KEEPING ROOTS OUT OF DRAIN TILE.
I). H. W., Monongahela, Pa. — My four-
inch tile sewer leading from my house to
the street sewer passes between two maple
shade trees at a depth of about five feet,
and at this point roots have grown into
the joints of the sewer and filled it up.
If I take up the sewer and clean out the
roots and relay the tile and cement the
joints, then fill in the dirt two or three
inches deep over the sower, would there be
any advantage in putting a gallon of salt
over each joint? Would it prevent or re¬
tard the roots in reaching the joints and
perhaps again entering the sewer?
Ans. — The best plan to adopt is to
law down under each joint of tile, with¬
in reach of the roots ahout three inches
of cement concrete, tilling into the joints
and building entirely over the top of the
tile, forming a thimble 10 or 12 inches
long about each joint, letting this set
and then cover and fill the trench. These
thimbles will securely shut out the roots.
The application of salt would sooner
or later dissolve and be carried off in
the percolation of rain water. If your
correspondent does not care to risk the
treatment with cement alone, a treatment
with ordinary liquid coal tar from the
gas factory would be likely to be longer
effective in turning the roots aside than
the salt treatment, but I doubt if this
could be permanent. The long thick
cement thimbles would be quite certain
to be effective. f. h. k.
“THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
WHAT TO DO WITH BUCKWHEAT.
I have a large supply of buckwheat, 300
bushels. I would like to know how to han¬
dle it to the best advantage. I have a good
flock of poultry and a couple of cows, two
brood mares. Our poultry have had before
them for some three months the Maine
formula, with wheat scattered in deep lit¬
ter and corn on the cob, chopped in short
lengths. They look in excellent condition,
but are laying poorly : on free range, plenty
of green. What do you think is lacking?
I fear they are in too large a flock, 225,
roosting in several small open-air houses.
They gather about in large bunches and
stand so almost all day. Would you use
the buckwheat for them or disnose of it and
buy something else? Oats are 50 cents,
wheat $1, buckwheat from 80 cents, mid¬
dlings $1 per 100. o. w. T.
Oak Grove, Del.
You are overfeeding your birds so they
do not care to roam around as they should.
I would suggest that you try feeding only
half as much corn and wheat as you are
now feeding, in the proportion of two parts
corn, one part wheat and one-third part
buckwheat added. Y’ou should also place
beef scrap before your birds in separate
hoppers if you expect them to lay many
eggs. It would be advisable to sell your
buckwheat rather than feed it to laying
hens in any larger quantities than stated.
c. H. G.
If I had your Delaware reader’s 200
bushels of buckwheat 1 would keep enough
to feed my poultry until buckwheat was
harvested again. My way of feeding poul¬
try, or stock, is to give them as many
different kinds of feed as is adapted to the
stock. I feed my chicks one part ground
corn, one part meat scraps, two parts mid¬
dlings, and when they cannot get grass a
fifth part of cooked potatoes, beets or car¬
rots in the morning mash. At noon buck¬
wheat one day, oats the next. If I did not
have oats I would feed buckwheat each day
at noon; at night cracked corn. My birds
lay well, and are healthy and fat. One-
third buckwheat with oats has always
proved a good feed for my horses, I pre¬
sume it would be excellent for horses
ground with corn and oats as follows, 10
bushels oats, 10 bushels corn on cob, and
five bushels buckwheat. My opinion is it
will pay your Delaware reader to feed his
buckwheat this way. If I had more than I
wanted to feed, I would have it made into
flour, and have all the middlings taken
from it that I could get. It is fine for
cows or calves’ feed, and the flour generally
brings more in proportion than the grain.
I have gained many good points from The
R. N.-Y., one is I have cut eight good crops
in two years from the first setting of
Alfalfa. F. p. B.
Wawarsing, N. Y.
If I knew more of the particulars as to
how much he could get for the whole
grain, also his facilities for having the
buckwheat floured, I could answer more
Intelligently. With us the proposition would
be easy. Buckwheat flour is worth about
$2.25 per 100 pounds here. With flour
at that price I would have the buckwheat
floured, sell the flour and put enough of
the money into buckwheat middlings at $1
per 100 pounds (the price quoted by ques¬
tioner) to make the major part of my cow
ration for the Winter ; sell the bran for
80 cents per 100, take that and enough
of my flour money to buy grain for the
poultry, and put the balance in my pocket.
I would not think of having the buckwheat
ground with other grain, for at the prices
quoted you will get about four times the
feeding value in $1 worth of middlings as
in $1 worth of flour, so if mixture with
other grain is necessary use middlings. I
consider the poultry as getting a very poor
ration. While a dry mash is all right if
properly fed (which includes the mixing)
if chickens are allowed all the corn they
want even If fed on the cob, they will not
eat enough of the dry feed to balance.
Buckwheat may be fed for part of the ra¬
tion, but if fed to any great extent it will
make the yolks light when fed to laying
hens. This is objectionable if you have a
good egg trade, and at prices quoted I
believe it could be exchanged on the market
for a more satisfactory ration.
Columbia C'o., N. Y. wm. h. hotaling.
A CONSUMER'S OBSERVATION ABOUT
HIS DOLLAT.
I am much interested the distribution
of the consumer's dollar between him and
the producer, because I am one of those
who pay it. Some facts which I have
learned from my end may be of value m
the discussion. Last October I purchased
a basket of Concord grapes in Dover, N. H.,
for 12 cents. The basket bore the names
of a grower in Naples, N. Y., a commission
house in Boston, and a wholesale house in
Dover. Therefore the basket had been
shipped from the grower to Boston and
thence reshipped to the wholesaler in
Dover, who had delivered it to the pro¬
vision dealer from whom I purchased it.
Out of my 12 cents, there must have been
two freight charges and three dealers’ pro¬
fits withheld before it reached the pro¬
ducer. A letter to the grower brought a
courteous answer, in which it was stated
that the grapes were sold in Boston for
nine cents, from which three cents were
deducted for freight and commission, leav¬
ing the grower six cents, out of which
sum he had paid one and seven-tenths
cents for the basket in which the grapes
were packed. It would seem that an eco¬
nomy would result if the wholesale house
in Dover could be in direct relation with
the grower in Naples, instead of having a
third party in Boston to require a profit
for handling.
Another way in which a toll is taken
from the consumer’s dollar I have learned
from a friend who has a huckster's route
in a suburb of Worcester, Mass. Some of
his vegetables he grows himself ; but much
of his stock, including all his fruits, he
buys of the wholesale house. He aims to
obtain an advance of 20 per cent on his
purchase price, which means that of the
consumer’s dollar which he receives, he re¬
tains 16 2-3 cents for his labor and risks
in the delivery of the goods. This may
seem a large share, but it takes nearly one
hundred patrons to make the gross sales
amount to .$25 or $30 per trip. To per¬
form this service requires on his part from
12 to 16 hours in buying stock, preparing
the load, travel and delivery. He receives
about five dollars per trip for himself aud
horse. Since farmers in the same locality
receive four dollars for a man and team
for nine hours, the remuneration cannot
be called excessive. But it is one-sixth
of the consumer’s dollar which cannot
reach the producer. Furthermore, it never
can reach the producer until some less
expensive method will deliver the goods
at the consumer’s door in equally as good
condition and with the same certainty.
Housewives in this suburb know that thev
can buy at lower prices in the largp public
markets in town, but it costs a dime for
carfare and an hour of time to market in
person, while delivery is uncertain as well
as quality, if the order is sent in by tele¬
phone. Hence they prefer the huckster,
who strives to please them by humoring
their fancies. f. w. m.
Amherst, Mass.
IKON ME
47
HANDY GARDEN TOOL
Here’s a practical tool for the farmer or
gardener— onr No. « Combined Double and
Single Wheel Hoe, Hill and Drill Seeder.
f'°m' f°°R for the price of one. It plants
in hills or continuous rows, covers the seed,
rolls the soil, marks the next row, hoes,
weeds and cultivates. Simple, easy to oper¬
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Farm and
Garden Tool*
For 75 years we have
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farmer, trucker and
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make 33 garden tools
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Write to-day for Anniversary Catalog
describing our entire line including
potato planters, cultivators, sprayers,
diggers, orchard and other tools.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
BOX 1022 GRENLOCH. N. J.
Practical Hand Sewing Machine
tor repairing Uioej, harnes*. saddles, etc.
Veterinarians find it indispent*
aWe for sewing wire
cuts in stock
•OK NT* war tf n
J. G. CALLAHAN CO
Sangamon Street
CHICAGO
FOR MENDING HARNESS
It takes
a wax •
thread,
feeds
shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, car¬
pets. saddles, suit cases, buggy tops.
from spool and
does the work of
any harness maker
machine. It is indis¬
pensable for farmers.
Agents wanted. Sent prepaid
for $1.25. Send at once for
catalog. STEWART-SKINNER CO.
35 Hermon Street, Worcester, Mass,
dash boards, or any heavy material.
Stewart’ s Automatic
Awl is the only per¬
fect Sewing
Awl.
THEjJPLANT FOOD PROBLEM SOLVED
BY USERS OF
Bradley’s Fertilizers
“The WorlcTs Best By Every Test”
Sometimes farmers say they cannot afford to use as much
as 1000 lbs. of fertilizer per acre, yet many farmers have
.proved that as much or more is very profitable to them.
How much to use is a problem every one must work out
for himself. Our most successful customers say they find
as they have increased from year to year the amount of
fertilizer used, the easier it has been to pay for it. This is
the way they express the greater profit derived from using
1500 to 2000 lbs. per acre instead of a smaller quantity on
their market crops.
Many of them use a ton to the acre of Bradley’s High Grade
Fertilizer and find that it pays in the crop marketed and in the up¬
keep or improvement of the land for succeeding crops. You cannot
tell without experimenting how much fertilizer will pay you best. If
you have not already solved this problem, begin next season and use
Bradley’s Fertilizers
Our local agents have a new descriptive booklet and
calendar for 1911 for you. If we have no agent near you
write us today for our agency proposition. Address Depart¬
ment M
BRADLEY FERTILIZER WORKS
OF THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CO.
92 State St.,
Boston.
2 Rector St.,
New York.
P. 0. Drawer 970,
Buffalo.
Rose Building,
Cleveland.
Cincinnati Office, 1204 Second National Bank Building.
#
48
THE RURAE NEW-YORKER
January 14,
GROWING CACTUS IN FLORIDA.
On page 1078 I find an editorial con¬
cerning the commercial growing of the
prickly pear in Texas and predicting a
great future for the desert region where
it best flourishes. If its successful grow¬
ing for feed purposes be established as
stated, it is of equal importance to
Florida. We have hundreds of thou¬
sands of acres of the same general sort
of land you speak of upon which this
cactus now grows and flourishes. Like
Texas, Florida has a diversified soil,
ranging from as-rich as there is in the
world to supposed worthless wastes of
large area. I write you particularly as
to the exact method to be pursued in
scorching off the spines. You say “you
just go out with a burner and scorch
off the spines and the cattle eat it down.”
This implies that it i; done while the
cactus is yet standing in the rows. We
know of the value of this plant as a
food, but we do not know of any prac¬
ticable method of so ridding it of its
spines in the field that its cultivation is
worth while. Arthur g. hamlin.
Florida.
R. N.-Y. — The best we can do is to
refer to the article by Wm. Sinclair, of
Texas, on page 601 md also on page
1159. There are also bulletins published
by the Department of Agriculture at
Washington. Mr. Sinclair is a practical
dairyman and is feeding the cactus with
much success. As will be seen from
his article the cactus is planted in rows
and cultivated. When ready to feed the
feeder goes out with a gasoline torch
and singes the spines off the cactus as
it stands. The cows follow and eat
down the plant. The spines protect the
cactus from stock or vermin, and the
spined varieties are also hardier than
the “spineless.” We certainly believe
there is a future for this business.
“Why,” asked a Missouri newspaper,
“does our State stand at the head in
raising mules?” “Because,” said aji '
Iowa paper, “that is the only safe place
to stand.” — Jack o' Lantern.
THE WESTERN MEAT SITUATION.
I cannot believe that the heavy grain
crop reported has as yet had much to do
with the price of meat, only in so much as
the good corn crop has induced farmers to
feed hogs longer and make them heavier.
The year has been unusually dry from the
Mississippi River west ; pastures were short
and cattle were sold off closer than usual,
making the price lower, but will increase
the scarcity later on. There is no question
but that beef cattle, cows and steers have
been decreasing in this State at least, at
an increased rate for the last three years.
With high-priced corn few'er brood sows
were kept each Sprine for the last three,
and last Spring, when live hogs went to
10 cents and above, they were sold off
closer than ever. This Fall in anticipation
of a lower market the hogs were rushed to
market, many only half fat. It brought
the price down, but the market reports show
that the pig crop is being marketed from
six weeks to two months earlier than usual,
which will have an effect later on. If the
relative supply and demand governs next
Spring, the price will be governed by the
consumers1’ ability to pay. At that time
the meat will be in the packers’ hands.
They got the hogs on the run by predicting
a six-cent market, and they will stay down
until they have the hogs, which will be
earlier than usual on account of the un¬
usually good weather for feeding prevailing.
Adams Co., Iowa. jerome smith.
The local causes as we see them here
are several. In the first place the last
election had something to do with it, as
an unrest is usually produced in financial
circles when there is a change in political
control. Second, this is the season of the
year when the bulk of the poultry are
placed on the market. Third, many west¬
ern cattle were shipped into this county,
the purchasers expecting to graze them and
put them off at a good profit this Fall.
The season has been a very wet one and
the pasture was practically no good, and
many acres of corn drowned out, so they
were forced to put cattle on the market
and forced the price down. Fourth, the
increase in number of hogs with the addi¬
tional weight they were given with old corn
that they were fed, would produce the
quantity with additional quality, and would
surely cause the market to fall. In one
day one shipper carried over 600 hogs
which brought the farmers over .$10,000 to
this one shipping point. Scattering cases
of cholera among the hogs caused many
to dispose of them ; the shipper making a
great ado about it assisted the farmers to
dispose of them. w. e. d.
Highland Co., O.
Ringworm.
Our calves are troubled with a skin
disease of some kind. Some tell me it is
ringworm. It usually starts around the
eyes, the skin becomes rough and scaly and
it spreads very fast. The hair comes out,
and the skin is dry and rough. Can you
tell me what it is, and give me a remedy ?
New York. h. e. b.
The disease is ringworm. Scrub and
scrape all affected parts until free of scales
and scabs, then rub in iodine ointment and
repeat the application each other day un¬
til well. Clean up, disinfect, whitewash,
ventilate and sunlight the stable, otherwise
local treatment will only give temporary
relief. a. s. a.
Sick Cat.
Can you advise me of anything that I
can give to my cat to benefit her? Last
Spring before she was a year old she had
distemper and seemed to get over it, but
every once in awhile has a touch of
diarrhoea. She has a good appetite and
catches plenty of food for herself, but keeps
very thin. s. J. c.
New York.
Worms are the most likely cause of thin
condition. Give fluid extract of pink root
and senna in increasing doses every three
hours until the bowels open freely. When
diarrhoea is present from other causes than
trouble named, give ten-grain doses of
subnitrate of bismuth, following a dose of
purgative. a. s. a.
Congested Udder.
Can you tell me what ails my cow? I
find clots of blood in the milk and thought
it was garget, but she has no irritation
of the udder and appears perfectly normal,
otherwise. She came in fresh in March,
milking 23 quarts a day. She is fed cow-
pea hay, bran, fodder, carrots besides pas¬
turage. The milking utensils are cleaned
and scalded daily. She is now giving 16
quarts a day and appears perfectly healthy
except for the blood clots. f. b. f\
Small blood vessels have ruptured and
bleeding takes place at time of milking. :
Milk gently three times a day and then
bathe the udder with cold water and aft¬
erwards with a lotion composed of two j
teaspoonfuls of powdered alum in a pint
of cold water. Care must be taken to ,
keen the cow protected against drafts when j
cold bathing has been done. Such treat- i
ment cannot well be given in cold weather, j
unless the udder is rubbed with melted
lard or sweet oil after bathing. If the
cow is not in calf give her a dram of dried
sulphate of iron in a dessertspoonful of
salt in feed once daily. Iron is unsafe
medicine for a cow in calf. Lessen the
milk-making foods. See that udder is not
bruised in any way. a. s. a.
Whex you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
Your
Stock
Farmers and stockmen !
Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfec¬
tant is a chemical prepar¬
ation, harmless alike to man
and animal, but unfailingly
destructive to parasitic life and
all infectious germ diseases of
livestock. It is guaranteed. It is
easy to apply. It is inexpensive. One
'gallon makes 70 to 100 gallons when
diluted, ready for use.
D" HESS DIP
and Disinfectant
used occasionally in proper solution,
will save your farm animals from
fatal germ diseases and prevent
attacks from lice, fleas and sheep
ticks. It meets the Government
requirement for sheep scab.
It disinfects and purifies
pens, stables and outbuild¬
ings. It insures healthy
conditions on the farm.
You can’t afford to be
without it. Write for
free booklet.
DR. HESS &
CLARK,
Ashland,
Ohio.
SlateMlar-l
Pat elate on your roof and you'll keep dollars in your
pocket. No more leaks or expensive repairs. Nothing
equals curinnN’Q SEA GREEN AND PURPLE
OnCLUUn O ROOFING SLATE
for durability, strength and economy.
The first cost no greater than high-priced prepared j
roofing or shingles. Slate does not rust or water soak
will not melt— not Affected by climate. Our free book I
“The Roof Question” tells why. Wr rite us today about |
your wants. Special prices on car lots.
F. C. Sheldon Slate Co. Granville, N.T. !
r
Here Are Two
of the Greatest
Milk Producers On Earth
Missy of the Glen
18390, Adv. R. 936.
Produced 14591.70 lbs. of Milk,
954.76 lbs. of Butter Fat.
MISSY of-the Glen is a Guernsey cow— 4*4
years old at the beginning of her test. Her
daily ration included 3 to 5 lbs. of Dried Beet
Pulp.
She was bred at Glen Farm, owned by Mr.
H. A. C. Taylor, Newport, R. I. — and bas been
raised and developed at the farm. Her sire and
dam arc both advanced Register animals and
noted prize winners.
THESE prize winners have most remarkable records. Age for age they
excel any other similar cows in the world. Not only in milk produc¬
tion and butter fat records but physically as well. Health in the
long run is the most valuable for it assures just so much net profit annually
for a longer period of years. You can count on your income.
These two animals are fed Dried Beet Pulp regularly like thousands and thousands
of other cows on American farms that are establishing big milk production records. Far¬
mers all over are experiencing the same beneficial results. Milk is flowing freer which
means more clear money — net profit — that can be tucked away in the bank.
You can do the same with your herd. We’ll prove absolutely that our feed will in¬
crease your milk supply in a week and put your cattle in finer condition. We know this
so well and are so positive of it that we will take any cow you pick and
Feed Her For Three Weeks On
lb
At Our Risk
Dolly Dimple
19144, Adv. R. 628.
Produced 18458.8 lbs. of Milk,
906.89 lbs. Butter Fat.
DOLLY DIMPLE is a Guernsey cow— 354
years old at the beginning of her test.
During her test year her ration included 2537
lbs. of Dried Beet Pulp and she produced
18458.8 lbs. of milk, which is the highest
record known for Guernsey of this age. Her
butter fat record was 906.89 lbs., which is
equivalent to 1058. lbs. of butter.
She is the property of F. Lothrop Ames of
Langwater Farms. North Easton, Mass., where
they breed and sell thc“Langwater Guernseys.”
Of course the cow must be able to give milk.
That’s all we insist on. Give us the cow that’s a
little shaky or weak in the knees and producing poorly
and we’ll put her on the way to be the prizeof your
farm. In one week we’ll show an actual increase.
You do the judging. Weigh the milk before starting
on your proposition and weigh it after and you’ll see
the difference on the scale. You take no chance
whatever. All you have to do is the milking and
the weighing.
Dried Beet Pulp is none other than our native
Sugar Beet with most of the sugar and water extract-.'
ed. All the tender nutritious vegetable tissues of the
beet are retained. No adulteration — no fillers. It’s a
genuine vegetable food, being just as succulent and
palatable as your June pasture. Cows thrive wonder¬
fully if fed regularly with a Dried Beet pulp ration.
They gobble it up with eagerness.
Here's The Way To Get
New Big Profits Right Away
Go to your dealer, show him this advertisement, tell him you want
to try a sack of Dried Beet Pulp at our risk. Don’t take "no” for an
answer; you are entitled to get wbat you want. Here is our propo¬
sition; it involves no risk for you or the dealer.
We will ship your dealer (if he does not already carry it in stock)
' 500 lbs. Dried Beet Pulp so that you can try it. if after you have fed
one sack, the cow you selected has not increased her milk production, we
authorize the dealer to return you in full your purchase price, and we
will in turn refund to the dealer. The decision in the matter will rest
entirely with you; your dealings will be with the man you know and
with whom you trade. ,
. . To dealers everywhere east of the Mississippi River
except in states of Wisconsin and Michigan: You are author¬
ized to sell to any dairyman who will agree to give the feed a fair honest
trial, one sack of our Dried Beet Pulp and to guarantee to refund the
purchase price if after the dairyman has fed it to one cow for three
weeks the cow has not increased her milk production; we will reimburse
you for your expenditure. If you do not carry Dried Beet Pulp in
stock, write us quickly for our trial offer of 500 lbs. Please mention
this paper.
Add Dried Beet Pulp to the ration that is being
fed on your farm now and inside of a week each one
of your cows will be giving more milk. Your cows
will look better and act better. They’ll have more
spirit and a brighter eye. It will condition your
cattle and keep them primed. It’s nourishing and
builds up their entire system, regulating bowels and
kidneys. It prevents garget, lengthens the milk pro¬
ducing period. Stop feeding on exclusively heavy
grain ration, lighten it up by adding the bulky suc¬
culent, palatable Dried Beet Pulp.
All live dealers should carry Dried Beet Pulp. If yours does not*
send us his name and we’ll see that he has it quickly. Act now. Scud
today for our booklet “Feeding for i*?rger Profits.”
The Larrowe Milling Company
604 Ford Bldg. Detroit, Michigan
1911
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
The N. Y. Exchange price Is $1.91 per
40-quart can, netting 4 cer ts to shippers
in the 26-cent zone who or ve no station
charges.
Farmers are selling their milk here for
five cents per quart. Hay brings $12 to
$18 per ton; corn, 40 to 50 cents per
bushel. Wheat bran costs $1.25 per 100
pounds.
Not much milk retailed. Harrisonburg,
county seat, population about 5,000, is all
the market we nave. That is supplied by
three or four dairymen at five cents per
quart. Only one creamery in this section
and it is breathing its last. It is sold
by producers to consumers direct. Grains
as follows ; Wheat. 95 cents ; oats, 44
cents ; barley, 65 to 70 cents ; corn in ears,
$1 per barrel of three bushels; hay, $14
and $17 per ton ; fodder, six cents delivered.
Bridgewater, Va. n. l, s.
In Lisbon the farmers peddle nearly all
the milk consumed, and receive 7 cents per
quart. What is sold wholesale is from 14
to 20 cents per gallon. Lisbon is a small
place of about 3,500 population. Our best
market is East Liverpool, about 10 miles
distant. Wholesale price for milk from 16
to 20 cents per gallon, farmer to pay
freight on electric line. There are several
farmers who peddle milk and receive 8 cents
per quart. I suppose East Liverpool has a
population of something over 22,000.
Lisbon, O. w. k. g.
The price of milk in this locality is $2
per hundred pounds delivered at the con¬
densing plant. Ivahoka also has an agent
of S. P. Pond & Co., who buy milk at the
same price, also cream, paying at present
26 cents per pound butter fat. Milk when
peddled, brings six cents per quart through
the Winter months. Butter at present
brings 25 to 30 cents per pound. Hay is
worth about $14 per ton ; corn 35 cents
per bushel; oats 26 cents; bran $1.25 per
hundred. H. w. s.
Kahoka, Mo.
This is a grain country ; wheat, corn,
oats and hay, and in clover seed belt
mixed husbandry as we call it. There are
two farms close to Hieksville that make
a specialty of milk bottled and peddled
around town at seven cents per quart.
Country butter sells at 20 cents per pound.
The cream wagon from Nappanee, Ind.,
comes through here twice a week, gathers
up cream, and by cream test gives 28
cents per pound for butter. This butter
comes back to our town for 32 cents per
pound, and is retailed out at 35 cents.
Ilicksville, O. L. p. w.
Consul George Ilulon of Saloniki, Tur¬
key, reports the following milk note from
that country : “The sanitary inspector of
Saloniki has adopted the following plan
for insuring to the public a supply of un¬
diluted milk : He has ordered a supply
of cans fitted with valves working in such
a manner that a liquid may be poured out
but not in. Another opening permits the
cans to be filled with milk. The cans,
when they are full, are taken to any one
of four inspection depots, where their con¬
tents are chemically tested, after which
this second opening is closed and stamped
with an official seal. All the dealers will
be supplied with these cans and obliged
to use them as soon as they are secured.”
A large quantity of the milk produced
here is sent to the St. Charles Condensing
plant and the remainder to cheese factor¬
ies. Condensery prices for Winter are as
follows: October and March, $1.40; No¬
vember, December, January and February,
$1.55. Cheese factories average from 85
to 90 cents per 100 for the season. Bran,
$20 ; cotton-seed meal, $33 ; coarse grain
mostly fed on farms. Increased acreage
of wheat was sown last Fall and is look¬
ing well. Apples, unsprayed, $1.50 a
barrel ; sprayed, cooperative, $3.50 on
board. Potatoes fair crop, badly infested
with dry rot, will be scarce in the Spring.
Farm land as high as $100 an acre. Milch
cows $50 to $100. Dairying is a specialty.
Ingersoll, Ont. w. w. n.
Milk business here in Northeastern Ne¬
braska is mostly handled directly from the
farm to the consumer at somewhat various
prices, from 5 to 7 cents per quart, and
that by farmers near cities for immediate
or daily use. No milk is shipped. Nearly
all farmers have their cream separators,
and all milk is separated immediately after
milking. Cream is delivered to nearby cream¬
eries or shipped to distant large centralized
creameries, as Omaha, Fremont or Beatrice,
Neb. Deliveries are made once a week in
Winter and tri-weekly in Summer. Ci’eam
or butter-fat as tested is paid a certain
price, according to season and volume of
product. The average price for the season
this year was about 25 cents per pound.
Butter fat testing from 30 to 40 per cent.
Pierce, Neb. c. L.
The greater quantity of the milk around
here is handled by the two Borden fac¬
tories, one each, in Sterling and Dixon.
Their prices for an average six months to
the producers is $1.85 1-3 per hundred
pounds. The wholesale price of milk by
the dairyman to the producer is $1.85 per
100 pounds, and the retail price to the
consumer is seven cents per quart. Corn
is low in price according to the yield, be¬
ing only 36% cents for No. 3 yellow, to as
low as 32 cents for no grade. Gats are
getting hack into the old ruts again, 26
to 28 cents per bushel. Hay is high, but
scarce, ranging in price from $10 to $20 a
ton, according to quality. Baled oat straw
is as high as $11 a ton. Keep up your
work in favor of parcels post, as the ex¬
press companies are regular extortionists,
and so far as i can see our Senators and
Representatives are all in cahoot with
them, and against good, clean, honest law¬
making. T. c.
Dixon, Ill.
THE COST OF MILK.
„ On page 1187 there is an article headed
Cost of a Quart of Milk,” in which it is
figured out that it costs six cents to pro¬
duce a quart of milk on even so large a
farm as one keeping 40 cows. It is hardly
worth while to analyze the statement to
show how fallacious it is, as any dairy¬
man knows that if it was so he could not
exist. Bat to show at a glance how little
. there is to the statement it is only neces¬
sary to look at another column of th6
same issue where a number of your cone-
.VOPdents from Illinois and other States
i on .Hon the current prices for milk in
U riv respective localities from which they
u ritt as being from $1.50 to $2 per 100
pGunds at the creamery ; which is the
equivalent of from three to four cents a
quart. Now any well-informed person
knows that at that price farmers are able
to maintain themselves and prosper on
land that sells from $75 to $150 an acre.
They may not be getting as much for
milk as they should, but manifestly it is
not costing them six cents a quart to pro¬
duce it. w. H. D.
Kalamazoo, Mich.
R. N.-Y. — This is not a fair comparison.
The high priced milk was retailed and
made under sanitary inspection which made
expensive care and stables necessary. The
other milk was sold at wholesale and did
not stand the same inspection. Another
thing to be considered is the cost of fod¬
der and grain — nearly twice as high in
Massachusetts as in the other States men¬
tioned. What we want is to have some one
tell us whenever the figures given are too
high. _
Bitter Milk.
I have a cow that gives bitter milk in
the Fall, about one month before she should
go dry. This is the third Fall. I gave
three bottles of medicine for digestive
organs, but it did no good. All through
the Summer the milk is fine and very rich.
Can you tell me of a preventive? m.
New York.
You should dry the cow off six weeks
before calving. It is quite common for the
milk to be bitter in taste if milk flow con¬
tinues right up to calving time, and it is
best for the cow to have a rest from lacta¬
tion before calving. To dry her off reduce
milk-making food and leave a little milk
in the udder at each milking. Great care
must be taken to avoid causing inflamma¬
tion of the udder. If any symptoms of
inflammation appear treat as so often ad¬
vised here for garget. A. s. A.
Reduced Milk Flow.
I have a cow 13 years old that came
fresh June 21, 1909, was farrow last year
and came fresh again this Fall, November
12, 1910. She gave milk till she freshened
and when she came fresh only gave four
quarts a day for two weeks, and now Is
only giving six quarts a day. I am feed¬
ing her corn fodder morning and night,
good hay at noon and eight quarts of grain
a day. I am feeding her equal parts of
meal, wheat middlings and buckwheat
middlings. She seems to be healthy ana
in a good condition. Is there anything to
do to start the milk, or would I better
dry her off and beef her? She is one of
my best cows. e. l. s.
Pennsylvania.
Give her a pound of mixed meals per 100
pounds of live weight as a day's ration
and let dried brewers’ grains, cotton-seed
meal and bran form part of the ration.
Prefer mixed clover hay to Timothy hay.
If possible feed some silage or roots. Warm
drinks of flaxseed tea containing black
strap molasses, given two or three times
daily, shoTild help to start the milk flow.
Keep her indoors in a clean, sunny, well-
ventilated stable, and take chill off drinking
water. a. s. a.
Leaves ix Dry Streams. — The streams
of Long Island, especially along the south
side, are dry. In their lieds are thousands
of loads of decayed leaves and vegetable
matter which would make excellent ferti¬
lizer. Why don’t the farmers draw it and
use it as a compost or top-dressing? So
far as can be seen from the main thor¬
oughfares no effort has been made to uti¬
lize it. It may soon be covered with water
if we have the nsual Fall rains.
j. H. G.
Q0O/ of the World’s
vO/o Creameries Use
DE LAVAL
Cream Separators
Ten years ago there were a dozen
different makes of creamery or fac¬
tory separators in use. Today over 98
per cent, of the world’s creameries use
DE LAVAL separators exclusively.
It means a difference of several
thousand dollars a
year whether a DE
LAVAL or some
other make of sepa-
rator is used in
a creamery.
Exactly the same
differences exist, on a
smaller scale, in the
use of farm, separa¬
tors. Owing to the
fact, however, that
most farm users do
not keep as accurate records as the
creameryman, they do not appreciate
just what the difference between a
good and a poor separator means to
them in dollars and cents. Nine
times out of ten the farmer can’t tell
whether or not he is wasting $50 to
$100 a year in quantity and quality of
product through the use of an infe¬
rior cream separator.
Now, if you were in need of legal
advice, you would go to a lawyer. If
you were sick you would consult a
doctor. If you had the toothache you
would call on a dentist. Why? Be¬
cause these men are all specialists in
their line, and you rely upon their
judgment and skill. When it comes
to buying a separator why not profit
by the experience of the creamery-
man? His experience qualifies him
to advise yon correctly. He knoios
which separator will give you the
best service and be the most economi¬
cal for yon to buy. That’s why 984
of the world’s creameries use the DE
LAVAL exclusivelv.
There can he no better recommen¬
dation for the-DE LAVAL than the
fact that the men who make the sep¬
aration of milk a business use the DE
LAVAL to the practical exclusion of
all other makes.
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
165-167 Broadway 42 E. Madison Sf. '
NEW YORK CHICAGO
49
Made for the Man
Who Wants
the Bes*
Make
$4.00 to $8.00 More
From Each Acre Sure!
wBst
The One Spreader
That Stands the Strain
You want a strong spreader — one that can stand the strain. There is only one in
that class. It’s the Great Western. Over 100,000 progressive farmers, and most
U. S. Govermnent and Slate Experiment Stations have proved it. See the Great
Western alongside of the next best spreader. Then you will know why we can
guarantee every Great Western to stand 50 per cent more strain and require
50 per cent less repairs than any other spreader in the world.
The reason is high Quality. We build spreaders as they should be built. When
you know how much more oak, hickory, malleable, steel and wrought iron is in
the Great Western Spreader than in any other, you’ll understand why the Great
Western is the only spreader strong enough to stand the strain. When you know
what other spreaders are made of it won’t be hard for you to understand why they
are not strong enough to stand up under the heavy loads and hard work. The
Great Western Apron
Spreader has an endless apron that runs on 3 sets of extra large rollers—
drawn equally from both sides, so there’s no friction — no binding, no matter
how unevenly you load it. The Great Western Spreader has a big, 16-inch,
40-pound, unbreakable. Malleable fifth wheel. You can’t pull out the front
end no matter how heavy the load or how many horses you put on. The
big malleable fifth wheel is attached to two, big, solid oak bolsters, by
malleable braces. The Great Western front trucks are set two feet
under the load — so the load is carried equally on the four wheels.
Great Western poleis made of solid oak — not pine or inferior woods.
Our big Free Book tells about all the Great Western advantages.
It proves how much better it is to pay a few more dollars at
the start for a Great Western Spreader than to be paying the
toll of constant trouble, delay and repairs that any other
spreader is sure to mean. Don’t buy any spreader till
you read the startling spreader facts in our book.
Send us your name now and ask for Free
Spreader Catalog No. S29 Address
SMITH MFG. COMPANY
158 E. Harrison St.
Chicago
JOR LESS GROWS
10 TONS CORN
ENSIUGE EQUAL
TO 4 TONS OF
[best hayyet
_ |BEATS ITAS FEED
YOU CARRY ON YOUR BUILDINGS
THAT MAY NEVER BURN DOWN
FIRE INSURANCE
THE HOT DRY WEATHER THAT BURNS OUT
YOUR PASTURE PRODUCES CORN AND THE SILO
INSURES YOU AGAINST BOTH DROUTH & FROST
I-IOW ?
ask KALAMAZOOMco
MICHI ~
No
matter
what
size or
style ol
spreader
you want,
wooden or
steel wheels.
35 to 100
bushels capacity
—you’ll suit your¬
self best by getting
a guaranteed—
Great Western
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
Ls INTERNATIONAL
Sis _ silos
jin
in*'
L« >*'!«
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up boop —
continuous open-door front — air-tight door and per¬
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. Tfaa
Iateraatlonal 8IIo 113 Mala St.. JLinoriU*. Ab
tTHE
R
SSSI
LO
Th© only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stave.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes winter feed equal to Jons
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
Will 6ave you money. Agents wanted.
The K. W. Ross Co.( Est.1850)
Box la 8PK1NGFIELI). OlllO
GREEN MOUNTAIN
HAVE MANY SUPERIOR FEATURES
GET OUR FREE CATALOGUE
Creamery Packane Mf(j. Co., 338 West St., Rutland, Vt.
SILOS
STOUT— STRONG-DURABLE— CHEAP
Brown Fences will outlast any other because of
heavier wires and thicker galvanizing. Investigate
before you buy. 160 styles for all purposes.
Bargain Prices-14-c Per Rod Up
delivered at your railway station. Send today for
catalog and free sample for test.
THE BUOWN FENCE & WIRE CO..
Dept. 6» CLEVELAND, OHfO
BOOST YOUR
STOCK PROFITS
Get & S :o. But fret a #ood one. Choose
carefully— and wiselv. Get a Lansing If
~)u want the most that a Silo can mean
your profits. Thousands of other
progressive farmers have proved
Lansing Silos
best. Made of hest wood. All-steel Hoops
and Draw Lugs. Convenient Contlnu
ems Doorway with Ladder Front. Many
ether features that make Lansings *
superior. Write for best book c~
silos and silo profits. Address
postal now to
Severance Tank & Silo Co.
Lansing, Mich*
^!II2111K
Low-Down Steel Wheel Wagons
Are fast replacing the high farm wagons for
general farm work. The reason is plain. The
Low-Down wagon makes easier work for the
man and no harder for the team. One man
can do most of his farm work alone with the
Low-Down wagon. Get our free catalogue.
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO., BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.
FROST
WIRE FENCES
STBEN6TH, SERVICE and SATISFACTION
woven in every rod of our feucs.
i W-e combine best grade of material
; with expert workmanship. Most last¬
ing fence made. Free catalog upon
request. Ask your deader.
THE FROST WIRE fENCE CO.
Dept, g Glkveland,0.
13i Cents a Rod
For 18-in. 14 8-4cfor 22-1 n. Hog
Fence; 15c for 26-inch; 18 3-4e
for 32-Inch; 25e for a 47-lnch
Farm Fence. 48-lnch Poultry
fence 28 l-2c. Sold on 30 day.
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 M UNCI E, IND.
FENCE
Made of High Carbon Double Strength
Colled Wire. Heavily Calvanized to
prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at
factory prices on 30 days’ free trial.
We pay al I freight. 37 heights of farm
and poultry fence. Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 2g3 Winchester, Indiana.
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the
PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Dumping CaUlron. Empties
itsketUein one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food foT stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water ami
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog
Scalders, Caldrons.etc. i3P"Send
for particulars and ask f or cir'iulai, J
D. R. SPERRY & 00., Baf ,?ia. 1U,
60
THE RURAt NEW-YORKER
January 14,
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘‘protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
—a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
Cabbage in Milk Ration.
Will you tell me how I can, to the best
advantage, use the following food stuffs
fed for producing milk? Some clover and
plenty Timothy hay, lots of cabbage, tur¬
nips, oats, buckwheat, peas and oats, corn
fodder. What is the best grain to feed with
cabbage to form a balanced ration, and
how much per cow? w. h. c.
Caneadea, N. Y.
You can make a fairly well-balanced
ration for the production of milk with
the feeding stuffs mentioned without
buying anything more. Clover, cab¬
bage and peas are all rich in protein,
and make up for what the others lack.
Timothy hay is not a good feed for
milk production, but when cut early it
can form a small part of the ration.
Buckwheat can usually be sold at a
higher figure than can be realized for it
when fed to dairy cows. If you have a
good market for Timothy hay and buck¬
wheat, without too long a haul, I would
advise selling them and buying such
feeds as wheat bran, dried brewers’ and
distillers’ giains, gluten or cotton seed.
Cabbage is an excellent feed for the
production of milk, and can be fed free¬
ly once a day with splendid results. It
is impossible for me to say that any
particular grain is best to feed with
cabbage as so much depends upon the
conditions under which a person is
working, especially the roughage used
for the remainder of the ration. As
cabbage contains 85 per cent, water it
cannot entirely take the place of dry
feeds, but should be used to supple¬
ment them and furnish succulence. The
nutritive ratio of cabbage is 1:5:1, so
it will be seen that it is a little narrower
than is required for a balanced ration.
When fed freely it has a tendency to
produce a laxative condition of the
cow’s digestion. This should be watched
closely by the feeder and the amount
used regulated accordingly. Turnips
should be cut into small pieces before
feeding by running them through a root
cutter. Both cabbage and turnips
should be fed soon after milking, to
prevent tainting the milk. The follow¬
ing ration is compounded from the
, feeding stuffs mentioned :
Digestible
Pro-
Carb’s
Feeding stuffs. Dry matter.
tein.
and Pat.
Corn fodder. 5 lbs. 2.9
.125
1.865
Clover hay, 7 lbs... 5.95
.470
2.772
Timothy hay, 5 lbs. 4.35
.14
2.325
Cabbage, 20 lbs _ 3.
.36
1.82
Turnips, 5 lbs . 5
.05
.385
Ground oats. 4 lbs. 3.56
.368
2 272
Ground peas. 4 lbs. 3.0
Ground buckwheat.
.672
2.136
2 lbs . 1.74
.154
1.066
25.6
2.34
14.64
While this ration is a little too wide,
having a ratio of 1:6.2, it is doubtful if
it would pay to buy feed to make it
narrower unless you can make some of
the changes mentioned above, c. s. G.
A Kentucky Ration.
For our dairy herd we have pea-vine
hay, wheat and oats ground together, by
weight 120 pounds wheat to 35 pounds
oats. Oats bought at 50 cents a bushel,
wheat grown on farm and worth 00 cents.
Corn crushed, cob and all ; all grown on
place but oats. Cotton-seed meal. $30 per
ton ; linseed meal, $34 : bran, $29. For
another herd we have the same feed except
oats, hay in place of cow-pea hay, or
can feed of both. Also compound me a
ration using Alfalfa hay in place of pea-
vine.
Kentucky. M. s. b.
Here are the analyses of two rations
which are nearly balanced, one using
Alfalfa alone and the other using equal
parts cow-pea hay and hay from oats :
Digestible
Pro-
Carb's
Feeding stuffs. Dry matter.
tein.
and Fat.
Alfalfa, 15 lbs _ 12.80
1.65
6.345
Corn and cob meal,
8 lbs . G.S0
.352
5.32
Ground oats, 1 lb.. .89
. 092
. 568
Ground wheat, 3%
lbs . 3.15
.857
2.55
Oil meal, 1 lb . 91
.293
.485
24.55
2.744
15.268
Nutritive
ratio 1
: 5.56.
Oats hay, 10 lbs... 8.4
.40
3.711
I’eavine hay, 10 lbs. 8.93
1.079
4.18
Ground oats, 1 lb.. 89.
.092
.568
Ground wheat. 3%
lbs . . 3.15
.357
2.55
Coru and cob meal,
3 lbs . 2.55
.132
1 .995
Oil meal, 2 lbs - 1.82
.586
.97
25.74
2.646
13.974
Nutritive ratio
1 : 5.3.
If you desire to feed the cow-pea hay
alone for roughage you can simply sub¬
stitute it for the Alfalfa in that ration
as the analysis is practically the same
for both. I would not advise feeding
the oats hay alone, as you will find your
cows will do better on a ration com¬
posed partly of cow-pea or Alfalfa hay
than they will when fed hay from oats
exclusively. You will notice in the two
rations I have compounded for you that
you will not have to buy much feed to
make your rations balance as you raise
everything except oats and oil meal,
both of which are used in very small
quantities. I am sure these rations will
produce good results when properly fed
to good cows. c. s. G.
Ration with Mixed Materials.
Will you please tell me how I can to the
best advantage use the following food stuffs
in ration for cows fed for producing milk?
1 have on hand silage, dried barley grains,
dried beet pulp, dairy feed, gluten feed and
hay, clover and Timothy mixed, a. H. b.
New York.
The object of compounding rations
for readers of The R. N.-Y. is to show
how to mix your own balanced rations,
thus saving the cost of buying them
ready mixed. The dairy feed, accord¬
ing to Bulletin 324 issued by the New
York Agricultural Experiment Station
at Geneva, is composed of cotton-seed
meal, molasses, cleaned grain screen¬
ings, salt and oat clips. It analyzes
about the same as other molasses feeds,
but the man who buys it pays a good
price for mixing and advertising it. I
would not advise its use after your
present supply is exhausted. Dried beet
pulp also is not necessary if you have
plenty of silage. If not, the dried pulp
makes an excellent substitute. The fol¬
lowing ration is a little wider than the
standard calls for, but it will produce
good results in practice.
Digestible
Pro-
Carb’s
Feeding stuffs.
Dry matter.
tein.
and Fat.
40 lbs. silage.
_ 8.4
.36
5.16
12 lbs. mixed
hay
and clover .
_ 10.14
.744
5.52
5 lbs. dried brewers
trains .
_ 4.6
.785
2.39
3 lbs. gluten feed.. 2.7
.696
2.097
26.14
2.58
15.167
Nutritive ratio 1 : 5.9.
If you have the dairy feed and beet
pulp on hand you can use one or two
pounds of each in the ration, reducing
the total amount fed correspondingly.
In making any change of course you
must realize that it must be made very
gradually, during a week or two if the
best results are expected. If you can
get dried distillers’ grain like Biles
XXXX or Ajax flakes and would use
that instead of the brewers’ grains you
tvould have as good a ration as you can
find. _ _ c. s. G.
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THE FOOS MFG. CO.. Box 229 Springfield, Ohio
$2618 PROFIT PER ACRE
On a patch of ground containing 840 square feet, C. C.
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The Henyard.
POULTRY IN SMALL RUN.
R. Thomas's article on page 1106 on
poultry yards is so interesting we would
like to have another article, touching on
the following points : Can the hens be kept
healthy in these narrow quarters the entire
year? Are the young chickens raised en¬
tirely in these quarters? Is it best to
divide the chickens in small colonies of
one cock and say dozen hens, or it is prac¬
tical to put 100 hens and six or eight
cocks in one run? s. r. c.
Rome, Ga.
I must say that chickens are certainly
healthier in my Summer runs, for I have
had no sickness at all in them. I have
a large open-front poultry house that I
only use in the Winter months, and I
have occasional sickness in them. I
should think in Georgia my narrow runs
would be ideal the year round, for they
are always clean and fresh. For breed¬
ing stock I would keep 12 hens and 1
cock in each section (16x4 feet), but
for laying stock I would keep 100 hens
or more together, but no cocks, at the
rate of 20 hens per section. I would keep
100 small chicks in one section, from one
to three, weeks old, and add one or
more sections on as they grew larger,
and I keep them there till November. I
think in Georgia you could keep them
all the year. My growing chickens do
better in these yards than in free range,
and the quantity remains the same, for
with free range there are always a largo
number which disappear, besides what
are drowned in thunderstorms. The
grass does not get so long and there
are no tall weeds, so they do not get
wet with dew and rain as they would
with free range, but move daily, or at the
most every two days. The runs could
be made wider, say eight feet, but rhey
are not so handy to move, and would
be very likely left when other work is
pressing. The 16x4 runs can be moved
so easily it does not count among the
many jobs on a truck and poultry farm.
R. THOMAS.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
New York Poultry Show.
The Poultry, Pigeon and Pet Stock As¬
sociation held its 2 2d annual show in
Madison Square Garden December 27-31.
As usual excellent specimens of all the
standard and fancy breeds were there. The
greatest apparent increase was in the Or¬
pington class. These large, handsome birds
make tine table fowls and are said to be
good layers. Fancy prices, from $500 to
$1,000, were put on some of the prize win¬
ners. A Connecticut man had a large
collection of fancy ducks and other water
fowls, pheasants, cranes, storks, etc. This
annual show is well worthy of study by
both the fancy breeder and the strictly
utility poultryman, as there is opportunity
to see a great variety of birds in a short
time and ask any desired questions. There
was a cat, pigeon and pet stock depart¬
ment for those interested in these matters.
SPROUTED OATS FOR POULTRY.
We receive many questions from people
who want to know how to prepare sprouted
oats for poultry. Sprouted oafs make a
most convenient and excellent green feed
for Winter — in some respects better than
anything else. A recent bulletin from Cor¬
nell University shows how the oats are
prepared. A rack with several shelves is
very useful in preparing the oats. The
rack in question is constructed of four
2x4-inch sticks, six feet long. These are
used as corner posts fastened by horizontals
with their top edges 10 inches apart. The
corners themselves are two feet six inciic3
apart by outside measurement and the two
pieces of cleated sticks are fastened to¬
gether exactly two feet six inches apart
Inside measurement with the cleats on
the inside. A diagonal brace is nailed at
the back of the frame. The cleats serve
as slides and supports for the shelves,
which are exactly two feet six inches
square and two inches deep. The bottom
is made solid except for a few holes to
allow for drainage. One trouble with
sprouted oats has been that smut or mold
develops during the sprouting. Iu order to
prevent this the oats are treated with
formalin the same as when they are used
for seed. One pint of formalin in 30 gal¬
lons of water or in smaller proportions
will answer. The oats are spread on a
tight floor and the liquid sprinkled over
them. They must then be thoroughly mixed
with a shovel and a rake and after mixing
up into a wet pile covered with blankets
and left for 12 hours, then the blankets
are removed and the oats dried by stirring
about. They can be kept in sacks or in
bins which have also been sprayed with
the formalin. For sprouting soak the oats
for 24 hours, using warm water. One
10-quart pail of oats will make enough
for one tray. Sprinkle each trayful
of the oats with warm water every morn¬
ing. The time required for the oats to
sprout and grow will depend upon the
temperature of the room. Under artificial
heat about a week or 10 days will be re¬
quired to make a growth of about three
inches high. By this time there will be
a solid mat of roots all through the oats
and this can be cut off in chunks. The
ordinary requirement is about one square
inch of such growth per hen each day.
By keeping all the troughs filled as fast
as they are fed out a constant supply
will be on hand and it will make a most
excellent feed for the poultry.
“GROWTH” ON CHICKEN’S TOES.
I saw on page 1171 that II. .T. F.'s hens
have large growths on the end of their
toes. The probable reason is that they,
have been scratching in damp coal ashes
or mud until it has accumulated on their
toes. If he will take a hammer and lay,
the hen's toes on the floor and give the
bunches on the toes a light tap they will
crack off. I have had hens in the same
condition. c. b. f.
. Concord, N. n.
The inquiry concerning lumps oq the
toes of White Leghorns, which “look like
lumps of mud,” by H. J. F„ page 1171,
facetiously commented upon by Mr. Cos¬
grove, is very probably not a “growth”
from the system of the birds, but an ac¬
cumulation of filth due to the hens’ scratch¬
ing or standing in wet or moist manure
of their own making. A mucilaginous con¬
sistency of the excrement of chickens very
often pertains when they are not in best
of health. These balls will therefore some¬
times form on a hen's feet- if she roosts on
the droppings board instead of roosts
proper, and if she is not a lively bird she
will pick up on her sticky toes dust or soil
from the droppings board or floor of the
coop, thus accumulating night and day,
first manure, then dirt, which dries in lay¬
ers until the mass becomes, may be, as
large as English walnuts and as hard as
concrete. Little chickens will do this,
much more readily, if allowed to walk in
the mud of a dirty coop, especially if their
dry mash forms a part of the paste — a
slopped-over drinking fountain together
with the filth is most often the cause.
When I first discovered this condition some
years ago in a neighbor’s coop the little
chickens beat a veritable tattoo upon the
floor running for feed. It will bo thus
noted that such a condition of chickens’
feet does not compliment their owner
much, but if II. J. F. will soak the feet of
his Leghorns in very warm water and
gradually soften these masses they will
come off. But in no case try to force them
off until soft, or the skin of the toes and
probably the toenails will come off them.
Then if he will ever after keep clean he
will have no further trouble.
Long Island. Charles e. thorne.
Ganders Sing Tenor.
Can you tell me how to recognize the
sex of Toulouse geese before they begin
laying? j. h. n.
Toulouse ganders are larger than the
geese, and can readily be distinguished by
their sharp, shrill voice when calling for
their mates. Remove each bird separately
from the rest of the flock and observe
the noise they make. A goose has a low
bass voice quite unlike that of the gander.
C. s. G.
The Sunflower Crop,
Can you tell me how large growers of
sunflowers harvest their crop?
Vermont. d. b. ii.
We raised three acres on our poultry
farm this year, but as we had 2,000 grow¬
ing chickens in the same field, and 2,000
more in the field adjoining, in addition to
1,500 laying hens here at the plant, we
were enabled to feed nearly all of the seed
as fast as it ripened, being obliged to
gather and cure only about 15 bushels.
These heads were cut and spread on the
ground for a few days, and then the seed
pounded out. We then spread it on the
barn floor, shoveling it over each day for
about a week. This, of course, would be
impractical had we been obliged to gather
the entire crop. I believe, some growers
cut and shock sunflowers the same as
corn, allowing the shock to stand as late
as possible. Even then it is necessary to
spread the seed out in order to cure them
thoroughly. w. g. krum.
Cornell.
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CRUMB’S
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“ Aly bam that was
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Writ® for new booklet showing
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d U
THIS RURAL NEW-YORKER
January 14,
AILING ANIMALS.
Bone Tumor.
Within the last few days one of my cowa
has developed a bony lump, now about the
size of a ben’s egg, on the edge of the
lower jaw, in a line with the eye, and there
is also a swelling in the flesh around under
the hard lump. I cannot say what caused
the trouble, but I am told it is a ‘'hold¬
fast,” and that it may prove very detrimen¬
tal to the cow. I am at present painting
it with iodine three or four times a day.
In your opinion is this the most correct
treatment, and if not, what would you rec¬
ommend me to do? perplexed.
New Hampshire.
“Holdfast” is a fictitious term, there be¬
ing no such condition in cattle ; but horses
often have sores under harness which are
rightly termed “sitfasts,” as there is in
the center of each a bit of dead skin which
becomes horny in texture and has to be
cut away before healing will take place.
Have the lower molar teeth examined, as it
is just possible that the bone tumor is
associated with a diseased condition of a
tooth and removal of latter may be neces¬
sary as treatment. If no such cause is
found “lump jaw” (actinomycosis) proba¬
ble is present, and the part should be oper¬
ated upon as soon as possible. Excision is
the best remedv, if undertaken at once ; but
treatment with iodine is intelligent and
often beneficial. a. s. a.
Abnormal Sweating.
Is there any reason for a three-year-old
mare that has had moderate driving all
Summer to sweat abnormally? I have one
which if driven for a mile or two at a fair
road gait will be wet all over; small drops
seem to stand out on the ends of the hairs.
She is in good condition and spirits. She
has been this way ail Summer, but is worse
now considering the cold weather. Her feed
is eight quarts of oats a day and good hay.
Can you give the cause and remedy?
New York. D. c. H.
Mare no doubt has indigestion, and that
Is very common when teeth are being cut
by a three-year-old animal. She will im¬
prove as she ages and hardens. Meanwhile
reduce feed of oats two quarts and substi¬
tute wheat bran for the oats. See that sta¬
ble is perfectly ventilated, as hot, stuffy
stables induce such conditions. Clipping
would be an immediate and beneficial cure.
If vou do not care to have her entire body
clipped it will suffice to clip the hair from
belly to a line with breeching and breast
collar straps and from there down to knees
and hocks. This is the best treatment for
sweating in the stable. It also is wonder¬
fully beneficial in indigestion. A. s. a.
Cow with Cough.
Could you tell me what is good for a
cough? ‘My 'Jersey cow, which is four
years old, has had one calf ; has had a
cough for quite a while. 1 don't think
it is a cold, for she has had it all Sum¬
mer. ... A: ?• .
Cough is merely an indication ot irri¬
tation affecting the throat, bronchial tubes
or lungs, and the cause must be determined
before treatment can intelligently be ap¬
plied. In all cases of chronic cough in
cattle the first step should be to test
with tuberculin, as tuberculosis of the
glands of the throat or of the lungs is
to be suspected, and one would not wish
to retain an animal so affected. The
tuberculin will do no harm. It is ab¬
solutely harmless, and cannot possibly
cause ‘tuberculosis; but it is a certain
means of determining the presence ot the
disease. The only condition in which it
may fail to cause a reaction indicating the
presence of tuberculosis is when the dis¬
ease is far advanced and the system of
the animal thoroughly saturated with the
bacilli of the disease. In such cases, how¬
ever, it is an easy matter for the veterin¬
arian to diagnose the disease from a .phy¬
sical examination. In slight cases it is
absolutely impossible for anyone to diagnose
the disease, and it often is present with¬
out manifesting any diagnostic symptom.
For cough, not due to tuberculosis, glyco-
heroin will be found effective if given in
half to one ounce doses two or three times
a day according to severity of case. Fluid
extract of belladonna leaves combined with
glycerine and water also is useful lor
cough, or the veterinarian may prescribe
some favorite remedy that will "do the
trick” if the cough can be remedied by
medicine. a. s. a.
Rickets in Pigs.
I differ in regard to an article about
paralysis of pig in hindquarters, page 1007.
It is due to the presence of kidney worm;
treat with turpentine, and feed with blood
meal. Watch results and you will notice
worm. If pig has not been stiff too long,
will get over it. p< H-
New York.
It is a very well known fact that kidney
worms are no‘t the cause of paralysis of the
hind legs in pigs. Veterinarians every¬
where, including the writer, have made
many post mortem examinations of affected
animals, but have not found kidney worms.
Kidney worms have often been found m ap¬
parently healthy pigs. Intestinal worms
are quite commonly met with in paralyzed
pigs, and have a great deal to do with the
malnutrition always present in the pig
afflicted with rickets. Turpentine is useful
in ridding pigs of worms, and blood meal
is a great help in rickets. a. s. a.
Strangles.
I have a horse which I think has dis¬
temper. He is very thirsty, but does not
seem to drink much water. His jaws swell,
and he began to fester with pus. He is
sluggish ; pays little attention to various
surroundings. Could you tell me what it
is, and give remedy for it? G. D.
Ohio.
When the abscess of strangles begins to
form under the jaw the usual treatment
is to apply hot flaxseed poultice, renewed
night and morning, until a spot softens and
can readily be lanced for the evacuation
of pus. Good feeding and nursing are more
important than medicine in this disease.
Feed soft feed, and wetted hay and if horse
is weak give drinks of flaxseed tea, hay
tea, thin gruel or milk. In the way of
medicine stimulants are useful and with
them may be given dram doses of fluid
extract of gentian and 10-drop doses of
fluid extract of belladonna leaves every
three or four hours. Keep pure, cold water
constantly before the horse. He should oc¬
cupy a roomy box stall in a clean, well-
ventilated stable. a. s. a.
Worms.
I have a horse which is troubled with
small worms which are discharged in
manure occasionally ; he keeps in poor
condition. Please advise me as to treat¬
ment. J. tv. M.
Ohio.
Inject into rectum three nights a week
a couple of quarts of soapy warm water
containing a half cupful of decoction of
tobacco stems or a decoction of two ounces
of quassia chips. In the feed night and
morning for a week mix a tablespoonful of
a mixture of two parts salt and one part
each of dried sulphate of iron and flowers
of sulphur ; then skip 10 days and repeat.
a. s. a.
Partial Paralysis.
I have a colt three years old that was
injured in September by getting cast in a
ditch. He is at present strong and in
excellent condition, but walks with a stoop
behind, and is unable to retain his water.
I have had him examined by two veterin¬
ary surgeons ; they call his trouble paral¬
ysis of the nerves. Is there any cure for
this case? l. j. c.
New York.
Colt may gradually outgrow the weak¬
ness if generously fed oats and bran along
with, best of mixed hay, and made to live
an outdoor life, so far as state of weather
will allow. The veterinarian might give
fluid extract of nux vomica in increasing
doses, hut the medicine is poisonous and
has to be carefully administered.
Weak Dog.
My collie dog, 19 months old, took dis¬
temper the latter part of August ; would
eat scarcely anything ; lay around most of
the time, getting very thin. I got stuff
from a druggist who claimed to be a bit
of a dog doctor (no vets, in this country),
but don’t think it has done him much
good. At the present time his appetite
is good, his coat is shiny and he has
picked up some, but it has left him deaf
and nearly blind. The pupils of his eyes
are very large, and he is still weak in the
hind legs, but much livelier than he was
a month ago. h. c.
British Columbia.
Twice a day give the dog a tablespoon¬
ful of emulsion of cod liver oil in addi¬
tion to generous feeding. Include par¬
boiled liver and meat in the ration. As a
tonic give twenty drops of elixir of cali-
saya bark, iron and strychnine twice a
day in a little water and increase to three
such doses a day if found necessary. We
fear, however, that the eyesight and deaf¬
ness are beyond help. a. s. a.
Scours in Cow.
I have a nice Jersey cow that has the
bloody scours, but is getting better Her
appetite is very poor and she is very thin
in flesh from her sickness. Wnat would
you advise for her appetite? I feed her
corn-cob meal, ships and middlings, of
which she only eats about three piDts, and
is careless of eating it unless sprinkled
with salt. She seems to crave salt, of
which I am afraid to give her very much
on account of her bowels. Her fodder con¬
sists of mixed hay and cornstalks. She
prefers the cornstalks to the hay Please
advise what to give for her appetite. She
is with calf. Also what treatment is best
for bloody scours. M. a. b.
Give her a dram of salol and two drams
each of subnitrate of bismuth,' ground gin¬
ger root and catechu two or three times a
day in half a pint of flour gruel until
scouring subsides. Appetite will then grad¬
ually return. If it is slow in so doing give
half an ounce of aromatic sp'r'ts of am¬
monia, one ounce of pure alcohol and half
a dram of fluid extract of nux vomica three
times a day in a pint of flaxseed tea.
a. s a.
i
Important!
Trinidad Lake asphalt is of
vital importance to every roof.
Lengthens its life. Saves time,
labor, money.
Genasco
Ready Roofing
is made of Trinidad Lake asphalt.
Doesn’t crack, rot, or break. Gives
lasting protection to your home, barn,
and all other buildings.
The Kant-leak Kleet clamps seams
watertight without cement or large¬
headed nails. Makes laying easier
than ever. Saves time. Protects
against wind. Gives fine finish. Fur¬
nished in rolls of Genasco, when
ordered.
Look for the trademark. Ask your dealer for Genasco.
Mineral or smooth surface. Highest award, Seattle, 1909.
Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book.
THE BARBER ASPHALT
PAVING COMPANY
Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.
PHILADELPHIA
New York San Francisco Chicago
Cross-seclion, Genasco Smooth-surface Roofing
■nOMSMM Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
, | ■ -r . .
AGRICULTURE
Waterloo Boy,
Price THE Price Maker
No other gasoline engine reduced the price of gasoline engines *
like the Waterloo Boy. It is the price maker. Here are
the reasons:
Waterloo Boy has fewer parts than any other engine. It costs less]
to make few parts than it does to make many parts.
Waterloo Boy is made in large quantities, in oneof the biggest, best I
equipped, most modern gasoline engine factories in the world. It costs less/
per engine to make 100 engines a day than it does to make 10.
Waterloo Boy is sold at less expense than other engines. We,
have no traveling salesmen, no high priced experts, no large office to,
maintain. We are not in the Trust.
This is why we make the
HRa^SIl _ underselling price.
Service
Waterloo Boy
Always ready to go. No fuss.
No bucking. Starts easy in winter.
Old
is Dependable
reliable fly ball governor, the
■ame as used on steam engines. Igniter is as simple as a pair of scissors
Automatic feed regulation does away with both the expense and bother of a pump.
Speed lever works like a throttle on a locomotive. You can change the speed of the engine]
from 50 to 75 revolutions while in motion.
Waterloo Boy Engines are Strong
Nearly all the parts arc interchangeable. You never know the strength of a Waterloo j
Boy until you try one. More people have been surprised at the powerfulness of these]
engines than anything else about them. They Deliver the Goods,
If you want Service, pure and simple, satisfaction all the year round, buy the j
.Waterloo Boy.
WATERLOO BOY LASTS.
It is not a cheapskate.” It is mechanically correct in design. Built ofi
the best material, by men that know how. The ENGINE THAT LASTS.
17 years of actual experience built into every W aterloo Boy.
17 years of making good is the record of the Waterloo Boy.
For 17 years we have kept every promise ever made. We have dealt square with the ,
public. We are here to satisfy you that we can give you more engine per dollar^
than anybody else can. In Price, Service, Durability, the Waterloo Boy^
leads the world. If you arc interested write us.
Waterloo Gasoline Engine Co.,
184 W. 3rd.Ave, Waterloo, Iowa.
[Durability-'
Make Big Money
Training Horses! ^ Book FREE
Anyone Can Learn by
Prof. Beery's Simple Methods
Prof. Beery, King of Horse Tamers and Trainers,
has retired from the Arena and will teach bit wonder¬
ful system to a limited number, by mail.
Prof. Jesse Beery is acknowledged to be the world’s master
horseman. His exhibitions of taming man-killing horses, and
conquering horses of all dispositions have thrilled vast audi¬
ences everywhere. He can tench you the same simple prin¬
ciples which have brought him such marvelous success, so that
yon can take the most vicious horse and subdue him in a few
minutes— you can train a green colt, break any horse of bad
habits, teach a horse to drive without reins, tell the disposi¬
tion of a horse at a glance, train him to do tricks, and in fact
gain complete mastery over any horse, young or old.
You can take a worthless, dangerous animul and double his
value by these easy, plain methods. Think ot the money in
this feature alone! Your neighbors will sell you horses at a
low price that they would be glad to buy back at double the
figure after you have trained them for a few days. Aud those
horses will be cured of shying, kicking, balking, biting and all
other bud traits forever.
There is no “personal magnetism” nor fake in this. Prof.
Beery’s lessons are plain, thorough and practical. He will
refund your money if you are not satisfied that lie does
just what he claims.
$1,200 to $3,000 a Year
At Home or Traveling
Competent Horse Trainers are in demand everywhere.
People gladly pay S15 to $25 a he ad to have horses tamed, trained,
cured of habits, to have colts broken to harness. A good trainer
oan always keep his stable full of horses.
What Some of Prof. Beery's
Students Are Doing
Emmet White of Kalona, Iowa, writes: “I would not take
S500 for what you have taught me. You may judge of my suc¬
cess when I tell you that Thave been able to buy a home and
an automobile solely through earnings from training horses
as taught by your excellent methods. I am proud of my pro¬
fession.”
F. N. Goux, Vernon, N. Y. writes: “I cannot speak in high
enough praise of your instruction, I am at present handling
a SI, 000 norse. People bring me horses to train from miles
around.”
Wm. N. Kelley, Hillsboro, Wis., says: “I am making lots
of money here at home, and your course hns made me so
successful I am planning to go on the road training horses
and giving exhibitions.
Roy Fordyoe, 04124 Adams
St., Spokane. Wash., writes:
“I am delighted with your
lessons. Have trained a three-
year-old stallion to drive
without a bridle or lines. I
would recommend your course
unqualifiedly to anyone.’’
A. W. Bower, Tiffin, Ind.,
writes: “You have made mo
a practical colt-trainer.
Have all I can do and mak¬
ing more money than ever
before.”
Prof. Jesse Beery
57 Acadamy St., Pleasant Hill» Ohio
The Only Instruction
of Its Kind in the World
Never before has there been
offered such a wonderful oppor¬
tunity as this — a chance to learn
a money-making, fascinating pro¬
fession right at home, under the
instruction of the acknowledged
master-horseman of the world.
If you love to travel, to give
exhibitions, to train your own and
neighbors’ horses, write at once
for Handsome Free Prospectus,
also big Free Circular of the
Beery Convention of Correspond¬
ence Students, held in Pleasant
Hill recently.
Cut Out This Coupon
and Mail It Today
Are THOROUGHLY HARD BURNT
I— Made of best Ohio Olay. Sold in car-load lots.
PO Also manufacturers of
3 g HOLLOW BUILDING BLOCKand SEWERPIPE
u- H. B. Camp Company, Fulton Bldg.. P>ttsburv, Pa.
1911
the rurai>
MARKETS
Prices current at New York during week ending
January 6. Hill, wholesale except where other¬
wise indicated. The retail prices given do not, as
a rule, cover either the highest or lowest sales, but
show what the bulk of consumers of moderate
means pay for small quantities of produce bought
in Fulton, Washington, Jefferson Markets, etc.,
and up-town grocery stores. "Retail” is rather
an indefinite word, but in this column it means
less than barrel or other original package lots of
fruits and vegetables, less than tubs of butter,
eases of eggs, etc. The trade of commission mer¬
chants is strictly wholesale. The retail prices
given are those secured by grocers and small deal¬
ers who receive no direct shipments.
BUTTER
Wholesale
.29 @ .30
©
@
Creamery, fancy, lb
Good to Choice . 26
cower Grades . 23
Storage . 24 _
State Dairy, best . 27 @
Common to Good . 23 @
Factory . 20 @
Packing Stock . 17 ©
CHEESE
Full Cream, best . 15 ©
Common to Good . 12 ©
Skims . 05 @
EGGS
White, good to choice. .38 © .44
Mixed Colors, best . 38 @ .42
Common to Good . 25 © .32
Storage . 18 @ .25
Western, fresh gath¬
ered, best . 38 © .40
Under grades.. .30 @ .33
BEANS
Marrow, bu . 2.30 ® 2.32 qt
.28
.25
.29
.28
.26
.22
.20
.17
.13
.12
Retail
.32® .34
.29 .31
24@ .28
.28© .32
.30® .32
.25© .28
.24© .25
.17©
.14©
•10@
.40©
.40
.30©
20
.16
.11
.48
.45
.40
Pea .
2.10
<§>
2.20
2.20
Yellow Eve .
Red Kidney . .
3.05
® 3.35
WhlteKidney .
3.05
® 3.10
HOPS
Prime to Choice .
.23
©
.25
Common to Good .
.20
©
.22
Pacific Coast .
.18
@
.21
German Crop, 1910....
.43
.45
CIDER
VINEGAR
Prices charged in N.Y.
by wholesale dealers
for single barrel lots:
Extra Choice Old, gal.
.22
®
.24
Standard Grade .
.13
©
.15
DRIED FRUITS
Apples, evap. fancy...
.12
n
13
Evap., com. to good.
.06
(ft
.11
Sun Dried .
.05
©
.07
Chops .
.04^®
.04.^
Cores and Skins .
.04
®
.04^
.30
Raspberries .
.28
<04
Cherries .
.15
®
.18
qt
.15
.15
.15® .17
.09© .13
FRESH FRUITS
Apples, Ben Davis, bbl
. 2.00
© 4.00
King .
3.00
®. 5.00
Greening . . .
2.00
® 5.50
York Imperial .
3.50
® 5.00
Baldwin .
2.00
® 4.50
Western—
Newtown, box .
1.15
® 2.00
Spitz, box .
1.50
© 2.25
Home, box .
1.2a
® 2 00
Wiuesap. box .
1 25
© 2.25
Gano. box .
1.25
® 1.65
Baldwin, box .
1.25
@ 1.75
Cranberries —
Cape Cod. bbl .
8.00
@10.00
Long Island, bbl .
8.50
® 9.00
Jersey, bbl .
7.00
© 8.00
Pears, Kieffor. bbl .
1.50
® 3.50
Strawberries. Cal., pt..
.26
® .45
Florida, qt. ... .
.<0
@ .60
HONEY
White Clover, lb .
.12
@ .15
Buckwheat, lb .
.09
@ .10
Extracted, lb . .
.07
@ .09
VEGETA
BL'KS
Potatoes—
N. Y. State. 180 ibs..
1.37
© 1.62
Long Island. 180 lbs..
1.60
@ 2.00
Bermuda, bbl .
4.00
@ 5.00
Maine .
1.40
® 1.75
Sweet, Jersey, bbl . . .
1.00
@ 2.75
Anise, Southern, bbl..
3.00
© 3.50
Brussels Spronts, qt...
.06
@ .12
Beets, new, 100 bnches 2.00
® 3.50
Carrots, bbl .
1.00
@ 1.50
bu.
bu.
qt.
qt.
.75® 1.00
1.00@1.25
.10® .15
.10® .12
.10© .18
Southern, bbl . 1.50
Cabbage—
Danish seed, ton .. 12.00
Domestic . 9 00
Red . 30.00
Celery, doz . 25
Chicory, bbl . 2.25
Escarol. bbl . 3.00
Endive. French, lb . 15
Cauliflowers, bbl . 2.00
Kale, bbl . .60
Kohlrabi, South’n. bbl. 4.00
Hettuce.i-8-bbl.bkt.... 1.25
N. O., bbl . 3.00
Peppers. Southern, bu. 3.00
Onions, Orange Co., bag 1.50
Conn. White, bbl... 2.50
White pickle, bu . 75
Peas. Fia.. bu . 3.00
Itomaine. South’n, bbl. 3.00
String Beans, bu . 3.60
Spinach, bbl . 1.50
oquasn. bbl . 1.00
Turnips. Rutabaga, bbl .75
White, bbl. . 1.00
Leeks, Southern, 100
bunches . 2.00
Egg Plants. Fla., box. 6.00
Salsify, 100 bunches.. . 4.00
Parsnips, bbl . 1.75
Parsley bbl . 2.00
® 2.50
®14.00
©11.00
®35.00
© .60
© 3.25
® 4.00
®
® 6.00
® .75
© 5.00
© 3 60
@ 5.00
® 7.00
® 2.25
® 4.00
® 1.00
® 6.00
© 4.00
© 6.00
® 3.00
@ 1.75
© 1.15
® 1.75
® 3.00
« 10.00
® 5.00
@ 2.25
« 6.00
each
each
.15® .25
.03© .05
GAME
Ducks, Canvas, pair .. 2.25 ® 3.00
Mallard, pair . 1.00 © 1.25
Red Head . 1.50 ® 2.50
Rabbits, pair . 25 ® .30
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Calves, good to prime. .12 © ,13}£
Common . 09 @ .11
Lambs, hothouse, head 5.00 ® 8.00
Pork, light . 11J4® .12
Medium to heavy ... .09 ® .10
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 ® .17
HAY AND STRAW
Quotations for large bales.
Small bales sell 50 cents to $1.00
per ton less.
Hay, No. 1, ton . 21.00 ® 22.00
No. 2 . 19.00 ® 20.00
No. 3 . 16.00 ® 18.00
Clover Mixed . 13.00 ® 19 00
Clover . 12.00 ® 17.00
Wild Hay . 9.00 ® 10.00
Straw. Rye . 10.00 ® 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 ® 9.00
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 24.75 ® 25.00
Standard Middlings .. 26.25 ® 28.10
Red Dog. . 28.00 @ 28.50
Hominy Chop . 28.00 ® 24.20
Linseed Meal . 35.00 © 36 00
Corn Meal . 24.00 ® 26.00
Prices given are ___ _
pounds in the markets named.
LIVE STOCK
for top market grades per 100
Steers.
. — Calves — ,
Best. Poor.
Sheep. Lambs. Hogs
Cincinnati....
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Cucumbers, best, doz.. 1.00
Musnrooms, lb . 15
Radishes, 100 bunches. 2.00
Tomatoes, lb . 15
Rhubarb, doz. bunches .90
® 1.50
® .30
@ 2.50
® .35
@ 1.00
LIVE POULTRY
Roosters. .
®
• 15«
©
VM.
. .10
©
.11
©
.16
®
.14
. .15
@
.18
DRESSED POULTRY
Turkeys. Fey . 21
Common to Good . 16
Chickens, roasting . 16
Common to Good . 13
Fancy broilers, lb... .23
Fowls . 12
Capons, best, lb . . .24
Medium grades . 22
Small and Slips . 15
Geese, spring .
Squabs, doz . .
Guineas, spring, pair.
®
.22
.23® .26
©
.20
.18® .23
©
•17^
•18@ .21
(c
.15
.15@ .17
®
.25
©
.15
15@ .18
®
.25
@
.23
@
.20
©
.17
@
.14
.12© .18
©
4.25
© 1.10
Kansas City
6.65
10.75
7.00
4.00
6.75
8.40
6.75
11.00
7.00
4.00
5.50
8.30
6.40
900
4.25
6.50
8.50
5.76
• . . •
....
4.25
6.00
8 26
7.10
9.25
7.00
4.40
6.60
8.20
6.50
8.50
5.00
4.00
6.25
7.96
GRAINS
Win¬
ter.
Corn. Oats.
Rye.
Bar¬
ley.
.98
.52
.38
.81
.90
55
.40
# #
.95
.50
.38
1 1
.96
.50
..
.95
.50
.35
.88
.94
46
.31
.80
.75
, ,
.42
.29
.76
.80
. .
. ,
.31
.74
.75
.96
.46
...
. .
The prices given are for large sales of No. 2
quality in the cities named:
, — Wheat. — „
Hard
Spring.
New York . $1.16
Boston .
Philadelphia..
Baltimore .
Buffalo . Hit)
Chicago . 1.02
Minneapolis.. 1.01
Duluth . 1 .01
Kansas City..
Winnipeg . 90
STAPLES IN VARIOUS CITIES
The figures given are the
rent in C
quality.
Boston .
Philadelphia
Baltimore....
Buffalo .
Cincinnati ...
Indianapolis.
Chicago .
St. Louis ....
New Orleans.
markets
named for
medium
to good
Pota-
Tur-
Butter,
Eggs,
toes,
keys,
Apples,
lb.
doz.
ba.
lb.
bbl.
.. 29-30
42-44
40-50
22-23
3.00-4.50
. 28-30
35-37
40-65
21-22
3.CO-4.60
.. 30-31
32-33
30-50
17-21
2.25-5.00
,. 30-31
35-40
35-60
23-25
2.50-4.50
.. 30-32
36-38
40-50
17-18
3.00-5.00
.. 31-33
31-32
50-65
16-17
3.75-5.50
29-31
30-45
14-17
2.50-6.00
,. 28-30
24-27
45-48
18-20
4.00-5.00
.. 30-32
28-30
60-65
17-20
4.00-6.50
WOOL
Michigan Fleeces, Delaine, unwashed.. 26
Ohio Fine Delaine, unwashed . 25
Idaho Wools . ‘18
Wyoming Wools . 18
Montana Wools . 22
® .27
® .27
®
@ .20
® .23
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 15.00
Middling Gulf . 15.26
New Orleans, Low Middling . 14.87
Good Middling . 16.25
Liverpool, Low Middling . 15.00
Good Middling . lg.oo
TOBACCO
Conn. Broad Leaf Filler . 08 — .10
Wrappers . 50 —.60
N. Y. State Fillers . 05 — .06
Penn. Broad Leaf B . 15 — .17
Virginia Dark Leaf . ,...10 —.20
Western Burley Lugs . 10 — .13
HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS
a Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a tprlnf /Jt
|j wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc., "I
u bring more money. Ask for special proposition.
RiUnrej Spring Co., <10- 17th St, Kacine, WU.(| >
GUARANTEED
“The DAMNING OF JONES.”
The Implement Trust says.” Damn JONES and out of business
with him” because he is the only man who dares to sell you a
warranted-take-i£honie-aud-try-it-before-buying-«cale of any size
or kind at the dealers price. Money talks and your money is as
.*ood as any dealer and your credit better. Send for my offer and
their reason for 4<damning Jones.”
“JONES He Pays the Freight.”
20 Lay St., BINGHAMTON, N. V
AGENTS— $33.30 A WEEK
Jack Wood did it I
WJ51TM Verio,
He writes — “Hurry
100 more — sc
first lot in 2 da
— best seller
ever saw.” Hu
dradi of agar
coining mono]
$5.60 worth
tools for t:
£rico of or
rop forged fre
nnest steel. Nickel Plated all over. Astonishing l<
Er* co to agents— 1,200 ordered by one man. Write at one
'on t delay. Experience unnecessary. Sample fre
THOMAS MFG. CO., 8865 Wayno St., DAYTON, OH
* 19.00 More Profit
On Your Hides
Make too per cent protit on your cow or
horse hides ! Save 50 per cent on your fur
coals ! We pay t lie freight, tan and make
them to measure, Into warm comfortable fur
coate, for any member of your family. If you
don't want the coats yourself sell them and
make 100 per cent net profit. A man's fur
coat, when you furnish the hide, wilt cost you
only $11.00. Coats are guaranteed mothproof
and waterproof and will last for many years.
FREE with each cow or hotse hide coat or
robe made from hide furnished by you, we
will make you a present of a pair of knit-
lined for mittens with horse hide palms.
Send today for our handsomely illustrated
catalog No. 26 ami find out all about our
money saving methods. Write today.
, NATIONAL FUR & TANNING CO.
"7 Arnold St., Three Rivers, Michigan
Omaha Branch, 1929 S. 13th St.
NEW-YORKRR
<53
AND UPWARD
SENT ON TRIAL
FULLY
GUARANTEED.
— AMERICAN =
SEPARATOR
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily
cleaned, perfect skimming separator for $15.95.
Skims warm or cold milk. Makes thick or thin
cream. Thousands in use giving splendid satis¬
faction. Different from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity machines. The bowl
is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest
improvements. Our richly illustrated catalog
tells all about it. Our wonderfully low prices on
all sizes and generous terms of trial will astonish
you. We sell direct to user. No agents. Our
guarantee protects you on every American Sepa¬
rator. Western orders filled from Western points.
Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great
offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS,
AMERICAN SEPARATOR
BOX 1075
BAINBRIDGE, N.
The Only Implement Necessary
to Follow the Plow In Any Kind of Ground
is the “ACME.” It cuts, crushes, levels, turns and smoothes In one operation, and thoroughly works all the soil.
_ On PlOl/VPll T’ftl’n Ctllhhlp tIie “ACME” leaves trash burled after
VU1 11 atUDDie the slm. p sloping coulters have thor-
oughly sliced and cut it, where its valuable fertilizing qualities are available. The coulters cut
to under soli leaving no lumps or air spaces between the furrow slices. The under
soli is thoroughly compacted and the top soil left loose attracting and conserving all the moisture.
“ " “ “J^1 Pulverizing Harrow Gives You
■■ Greatest Value lor Your Money
because it does more work in the same time than any other Harrow and witli tile least strain
on horses. The construction is steel and iron. Every part warranted. Sizes are
from 3 to 17% ft. wide — a size for your requirements. Get our combined cata¬
log and booklet from your dealer, our General Agents of the home office.
DUANE H, NASH, Incorporated
137 Division Ave., Millington, N. J.
(•eneral Agents,
JOHN DKKKK PLOW CO.,
Syracuse, N. Y.
Free Book
Modern Silage
Methods
SEND for this 240-pago book of
profit-producing Informa¬
tion— the most complete
work on this subject pub¬
lished. Tells facts yoti ought to
know about silos and silage—
used and endorsed by many
agricultural colleges— over 40
1 1 1 ustrations— Indexed— a weal til
of useful Information for the
practical farmer. Chapters on
—‘•How to Build Silos”— “How
to Make Silage”— “IIow to Feed
Silage”—' “How to Maintain Soil
Fertility with Silage System”—
Ail abont “Summer Silos” and
the “Use of Silage In Beef Pro¬
duction” and many others.
Revised and enlarged 1911 edi¬
tion now ready. Send for your
copy before too late. Enclose
10c and mention this paper.
Silver Mfg. Co., Salem, 0.
FREE TO FARMERS
A Valuable 160- page book entitled
“SILO PROFITS”
Written by 200 of the most successful
Feeders, Fanners and Dairymen in
the World. Every farmer In
America should read this book, and
as long as our supply of these booka
last we will mall one copy free to
each person asking for it. It gives
theactual experience of these farm¬
ers and in their own words.
Our Factories are located at An¬
derson, Ind., Des Moines, Iowa, and v; v
Kansas City, Write NOW « £-j. 11
Missouri. for this book OllO rHTOritS
0,0 INDIANA SILO COMPANY -
Union Bnildinft, Anderson, Indiana
OCT Reasons
CD wiw
Cimdllln Silos are fsr better thsu others will
be mailed you promptly on receipt of your
name ami address. TIN A DILI. A MLOs have
unobstructed, continuous Door Fronts
which allow you to shove ensilage out in¬
stead of pitching It np 3 to 6 ft. over cross¬
bars. It costs you 15 cent** a ton less to shove
ensilage out of the UNADH.I.A SII.O than it
does to pitch. It out of an ordinary silo. Ad¬
justable doer fi-ame to and from liopra, mal¬
leable iron lugs cold rolled over threads on _
end of steel hoops ^ stronger than on ordinary hoops
Kxtra discount for early orders. Agents wanted.
liXADiLLl 611,11 CO.. Box It. trnuiHUa, Pi. Y.
FOP Q A T "p— Fonr Hundred Acres— 290 un-
A der cultivation; ten-room
house; three barns. 30 by 160, 26 by 50 and 28 by 70.
One and one-half miles from railroad station and
electric cars. Ninety cows are included in pi ice,
$14,500. partcasb. Presentowner of this farm ricb’
so can you be. HALL S FARM AGENCY. Owego!
Tioga County, New Yoik.
-Farm Account Book
Know How Much You Make This Yea*
No one shall pay a cent for Bickmore’s Farm Account Book. It
will be sent free to any farmer who will be good enough to tell who and where
be is. The cost of a crop never demanded closer attention. Business farming-
puts money in the bank This book is arranged to keep all accounts in simple
form — more simple, and certainly more practical, than trying to remember
them ; shows what to charge against crop production ; has a laborer’s time
record ; and section for personal accounts. 64 pages; for ink or pencil.
Not a cheap affair. It is meant for business. Its quality is in keeping with
BICKMORE’S
GALL CURE
a remedy that cures, and the horse works all
the time. Users keep it in their stables the year
round — they believe in it. It is always ready
for Harness or Saddle Galls, Chafe, Rope
Burns, Cuts, Scratches, Grease Heel, etc. In
cows use it for Sore Teats. Don’t buy a substi¬
tute. Insist n getting Bickmore’s Gall Cure —
for the sake of your horse’s health. But write
now for Bickmore’s Farm Account Book — it
is ready for you. No cost. No obligation.
Send your came and address — that’s all.
BSckmote Gall Cute Co.
Box 286, Old Town, Maine
Send Your Name^
on This Coupon
or on a
Postal
Card
BICKMQRE’S
FARM
ACCOUNT BOOK
Published by
BtCKMORE Gail Cure Co.
OLD TOWN, MAINE, 0. S. A.
Send
/ me a
‘‘ Free
Copy of
Bickmore’s
“ Farm
Account
Book," as
advertised in
Rural
New-Yorker.
<THK RURAb NEW-YOKKRR
January 14,
64
PUBLISHER’S DESK
Thanks. The first business day of
1911 starts off well. The record for
subscription returns has again been
broken. The increase over the record
of last year is $123.08. It not only
beats the record of last year, but any
previous record. It is the biggest day’s
subscription mail ever received at this
office. We have no words at this time
fittingly to express our feelings or our
appreciation and gratitude. It simply
starts us off rejoicing on a new year's
work, and with a new inspiration to give
the farmers of this country the best
service that any paper ever gave any
people or any industry. We do not
mean by this that you will find nothing
to criticise. \Ve propose to keep on do¬
ing things, and in human activity there
are sure to be errors, but without pre¬
judice or theory or personal ax to grind,
we want The R. N.-Y. to speak first,
last and all the time for the interest
of the farm. That is the star to which
our compass is set. We may get off
the trail at times, but with the needle
always in one direction we do not ex¬
pect to stray far. We prefer to pursue
this policy peaceably and in harmony
with all other industries; but when
rogues attempt to ply their trade at the
expense of the farm, there is likely to
be a scrap.
Thanks again for the mail of January
third.
Charles B. McKee, Huntington, Pa.,
was arrested December 3 by postal in¬
spectors. He traded as the Charles B.
McKee Commission Company and the
Huntington Fruit and Produce Com¬
pany. It is alleged that he bought pro¬
duce of farmers through the mails and
failed to make payments.
Last month officers of the Pine
Heights Co., Ocean City, N. J., a south¬
ern New Jersey land promoting com¬
pany, were arrested by Federal authori¬
ties for selling lots in south New Jer¬
sey, which the Government alleges are
practically worthless. Keep this in mind
when land promoters make tempting
future promises in exchange for ready
cash.
Will you please inform me whether the
National Co-operative Co., Washington,
D. C., is all right, or are they just a cor¬
respondence school or a real estate ex¬
change as they advertise? Thanking you
in advance I remain a friend to Publisher’s
Desk. e. G. A.
Maryland.
The real estate exchange feature is a
good argument to induce remittances
for lessons, but it has no other merit
that we have been able to discover.
On December 14 a judgment for $167
was entered against the Egg Producers’
Co., 48 Washington avenue, and 276 East
New York avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., in fa¬
vor of Orville E. Meservey for poultry sold
and delivered. Execution was issued on the
15th, and the sheriff reports that the Egg
Producers’ Co. has been succeeded by the
Morgan Poultry Co.
Above is our last report. Morgan
was about all there was to the old com¬
pany, and what basis there is for ex¬
tending him credit on his new company
is more than we can figure out. He
will probably pay for a time, and some
shippers will argue that this will be
sufficient reason for extending credit
again.
Draft of $2.07 due me from the D., L. &
W. it. It. Co., overcharge on carload haled
hay received ; return thanks for same. You
say this hill was easy to settle ; in fact,
ea'sier than usual. Yes, T suppose it was
easy for the big It. N.-Y., the same as it
was easy for Johnson to knock Jeff out last
Fourth of July. I was in the ring, a game
little farmer against the D., E. & W. It. K.
Co. I had conclusive evidence that. 1 had
been overcharged, and although I hit them
hard with right and left hooks and wound
up with a right hand swing to the solar
plexus, I lacked steam, hut when The
It. N.-Y. took it up for me they simply
threw up the sponge. w. a. b.
Pennsylvania.
Our Pennsylvania friend tells his
story so forcibly in bis own way that
we have nothing to add to it.
Would you advise an investment in the
Arcadia Orchard Co., Spokane, Wash.?
They sell small farms on contract in
monthly payments, agreeing to clear the
land and plant it to fruit, and care for it
during contract for you. reader.
New Jersey.
Reports indicate that this company
had some “old scores” under a former
management which have now been com¬
promised or settled, and that it has a
present large income from payments on
land sold on practically the plan re¬
ferred to above. It seems to control a
large tract of land suitable for fruit
growing, and also controls some valu¬
able water privileges for irrigation,
but the company is under heavy ex¬
pense, and its success depends on its
ability to dispose of the land yet re¬
maining unsold. So if you buy now
you at least share the risks of the com¬
pany in disposing of other large _ hold¬
ings. But aside from this question of
the future success of the company pro¬
moting the scheme, we have not known
where money has been made out of
farming operations by proxy. If anyone
knows of a single instance where a man
has gone in debt for a farm, large or
small, and turned the whole work and
care and management of it over to an¬
other party, the purchaser paying the
bills and made money through the trans¬
action, we would like to have the story
of such experience in detail. Schemes
of this kind in the past have been com¬
plete failures as far as our observa¬
tion goes, to say nothing of the delib¬
erate swindles that have been worked
on propositions to plant and care for
land and crops at so much per in ready ;
•cash.
On September 16, 1910, I shipped C.
M. Sladkus & Bro. one case 30 dozen eggs
and on September 17, one case eggs, 30
dozen. Later I received a check for one
case which they claim to have received
September 19, for which they paid me net
37 cents per dozen. I immediately wrote
them in regard to the one case unsettled
for and inclose you their reply. Yester¬
day I talked with the TJ. S. Express agent
here. lie admitted that he thought some
things had gone wrong. I would like you
to look this up and see what can be done
about it I inclose you Sladkus letter and
shipping receipts. M. d. t.
New York.
The claim in this case was $11.10, and
the United States Express Company set¬
tled in reasonable time, sending usi
check for full amount.
I have now in my possession a draft
from the Home Insurance Co. for the full
amount. $200, and I want to thank you
for your kindness in pushing the matter
through for me. B. a.
New Jersey.
In this case the farmer had bought a
farm with a mortgage and fire insurance
policy issued to the mortgagee to pro¬
tect the mortgage. The purchaser paid
the premium for the unexpired term of
the insurance policy, but neglected to
have the policy transferred to himself.
The barn burned later, and the agent
of the company took a technical posi¬
tion and claimed that since no transfer
of the policy had been made to the new
owner, the company did not have any
contract with him. That is, it had not in¬
sured him. Technically this was correct,
and it was a close legal question whether
or not the company could be held for
the loss. We took the matter up with
the main office and the company finally
advised us that they recognized a re¬
sponsibility and settled the claim.
Sometimes we hear through an old
subscriber or a subscription agent that
some new subscriber to The R. N. Y.
has been nursing a grievance against
the paper or its publisher because of
his failure to get the souvenir promised
him or some other neglect. We never
hear of these complaints from old
friends, because they know that a postal
card reminding us of the omission will
receive prompt attention. The new sub¬
scriber often thinks that the promise
was a catch and the omission inten¬
tional, and consequently takes no meas¬
ure to correct it. The books or other
souvenirs are usually mailed the very
day the subscription is received ; and it
is our custom and our purpose to an¬
swer every inquiry promptly. But it
is possible that a clerk will omit to
send a book occasionally. More often
one of the books will be lost in the
mails. At this time thousands go out
daily, and it would be too much to ex¬
pect that errors and oversights would
not occasionally occur. It is so with
the replies to inquiries. Sometimes the
writers do not give their address, and
at times not even their names. Some¬
times the question forms a single line
in a long letter about other matters,
and it is easily overlooked when we
have over a thousand other letters in
the same mail. We make this explana¬
tion because we do not want anyone to
feel that he has been wilfully neglected.
If there is any time any apparent
neglect or oversight, just drop a line
about it, and the matter will have
prompt attention. If a book does not
reach you, no matter what the cause, we
will send you another. We will take
your word for this or other correction
without question or dispute.
I enclose a bill against Wm. Cohen, of
2019 Seventh Ave., New York City, for
a case of eggs, shipped him on August 5.
I am unable to got any reply from him
whatever. Will you kindly collect?
New Vo1'1*- F- E- P-
Mr. Cohen has left the address given
above, and we are unable to locate him.
He is now probably located at a new
address under a new name, and pos¬
sibly receiving goods on credit from
other sections. There is so much of
this kind of business it is important to
look up rating before makir\g ship¬
ments. Even then there is some risk
unless the house is wrell established, and
a little risk in any case; but it is the
best that can be done. There is no such
thing as absolute perfection in anything
in this world. J. J. d.
Of) Buys My Double
Wall , Hot Water
Fifty Egg Incubator
A better machine for the money cannot he had. Guaranteed to
hatch every fertile egg. Double walls. Hot water tank covers
entire top of egg chamber. Absolutely self-regulating. I’ve
built incubators for 30 years.
800,000 Satisfied Users of
Stahl Incubators
lOO egg size, price $7.GO
200 egg size, ** $9.60
80-page catalogue shows full line of
Excelsiors, W ooden Hens, Brooders,
etc. W rite for it to-day.
GEO. H. STAHL
Box 250 ’B, Quincy , III.
THINK
OF IT
Ask
the
editor
ot this
paper II
Stahl and
his Incu¬
bator are
right.
We will have some
promising April
hatched Single Comb
White Leghorn cock¬
erels at $2.00 and $3.00
each. grand early
cockerels sired by 10 pound
$r>.00 each. Remember our
WHITE LEGHORNS
- AND -
PEKIN DUCKS
hatch Barred Rock
cocks for $3.00 and ......
strain of Imperial Pekin Ducks, Madison Square
Garden Blue Ribbon Winners, is second to none.
Have 1,000 now to select from. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs in any quantity or
day old chicks and ducklings. Cyphers agents. Incu¬
bator 10,000 egg capacity. Correspondence invited.
Satisfaction guaranteed. The only large successful
plant in the vicinity of New York City. Bonnie
Brae Poultry Farm, New ltoclielle, N. Y.
Darlington Poultry Farm-^ncVERELseFKocR
SALE. $2.00 and $3.00 each. Fishel strain.
JAMES T. JONES, Darlington, Md
S. C. W. LEGHORN
Also
S. C. Rhode Island Reds at the Horseshoe
Road Poultry Farm &i,^an^aEfGewscockr
erels. Write for prices. WM. R. BURKHOLDER.
Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
FAMOUS LAY¬
ING STRAIN
Breeding Hens at low price to make room,
promising Cockerels cheap in quant ities.
ST. MORITZ FARM, RAMSEY, N. J.
OWNLAND FARM’S White and Buff Wyandottes,
Indian Runner Ducks. Famous "Win and Lay"
Strains. All stock subject to approval. Price-List.
OWNLAND FARM, Box 497, South Hammond, New York.
GUAY’S SILVER QUILL White Rocks, White
Wyandottes, White Holland Turkeys and
Berkshire Pigs at bargain prices. GROVELAND
STOCK FARM, Box A, Groveland, New York.
Rahu PhinlfC I fl r* Paoh- From free range selected
DflUj bill u no lUu LdUl Single Comb White Leg¬
horn. Can furnish in any number I am hooking
orders for early deliveries. Circular free. CHAS. R.
STONE, Baby Chicken Farm, Staatsburg-on-Hudson, N. Y.
Silver Spangled Hamburg, COCKERELS
White Crested Black j., oo itafh
Polish and Brown Leghorn
AUSTIN JACKSON, Mineral Springs, N. V.
THE FARMER’S FOWL-Rose Comb Reds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
Conn BROWN ami White Leghorn Hens; Giant Bronze
3UUU and White Holland Turkeys. Bred for heavy
winter layers. Numbers to suit. Prices reasonable.
THE AMERICAN POULTRY PLANT, Collins, Ohio
R. C. Rhode Island Reds and Indian Runner
nil aI/q— Strong, vigorous strains for utility, show
UUbno and export. All stock sold on approval
SINCLAIR SMITH, 602 Fifth Street, Brooklyn, New York.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS— Quality
Kind, Famous Lakewood Strain, Young and old
stock for sale: Hatching eggs for early delivery.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Floinington. New Jersey.
Free Poultry Catalogue
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS MARIETTA PA.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS
Now is the time to place your order for
HATCHING EGGS and HAY OLD CHICKS
Six hundred and sixty-two acres devoted to the three
breeds. All breeding stock have free range. No orders
too small or too large.
BREEDERS FOR SALE
nn EGGS si.OO — Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
L U try, Pigeons. Hares, etc. Booklet free. 1-arge illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. E. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
Mt, Pleasant FarirLS SrjSS
voted to developing under ideal conditions the best
■S. C. W. LEGHORNS
l CORN ELL L
We solicit inquiries from those in need of new
blood or foundation stock. Spring orders for Eggs
and Chicks now being booked. Splendid Cockerels
cheap during December. MT. PLEASANT FARM,
Box Y, Havre de Grace, Maryland.
Pure Bred Bronze Turkeys
From Prize-winning Strains. Stamp.
MRS. HARRIET CHUMBLEY, Draper, Ya.
LARGE TOULOUSE GEESE, White Holland Turkeys and
White Wyandotte Cockerels for sale. Prices low
for quality. E. SCHIEBKR, R. 2, Bucyrus, Ohio,
GASOLINE
BROODER HEATER
Equal to four" Kerosene Heaters
Cares for 200 chicks.
Needs little attention.
No lamps to trim.
No ashes, no dirt, no soot.
Absolutely safe.
Perfectly Ventilated.
W. H. TURKEYS
MRS. B. F. WRIGHT,
Ransomvllle, N. Y.
PUREBRED WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS.
MRS. K. J. RIDER, Rodman, New York.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or line granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y.
I CC Egg Incubator SI 125
Chick Brooder A J.
Ivu Chick Brooder A A
FREIGHT PREPAID (East of Rockies!
The Progressive has cold rolled copper
tank, hot water heat, double disc regulator,
self ventilating, deep nursery, high legs,
double doors, safety lamp. It Is made from
Special Heat and Cold Resisting Material
with hundreds of dead air cells. Write today.
PROGRESSIVE INCUBATOR CO., Box 145 Racine, Wl8.
G. C. WHEELER, Manager.
PRICE COMPLETE
$10.92
CAPACITY
200
CHICKS
Recommended by The New York State
College of Agriculture.
. . . Send for Free Catalog . . .
TREMAN, KING & CO.,
Dept. M, ITHACA, NEW YORK.
MANUFACTURERS OF POULTRY HOUSE APPLIANCES.
Hatch After Hatch
Write today for our Big FREE
Book about the World’s Greatest
Guaranteed Continuous Hatchers
AVDIICDC Incubators
0 I rHCnu and Brooders
Get your share of billion dollars
poultry money In 1911. Guide
Get your share of billion dollars
poultry money in 1911. Guido
Book free -write for It today.
Cyphers Incubator Co., Dept, 88
buffalo, N. V., N.w York City. Ohlcago, III.
Co, ton. Mam. , K&nsx. City, M o. , O^klwLCal^
fir# PiwWr lntura bit
Qualify Higher-Price Lower
W — - * ^ Otl ItfMln Got
ITricd and ProTen
for 17 Years
Dea Moines Incubator Co.
Wo beat them all again. Got
our DIRECT-TO-YOU prop¬
osition, low prices, and BIG
So. SUCCESSFUL
Incubators And Brooders before you buy
anywhere this year— the RreateBt value
ever offered. Catalog FREE — send name.
If you want a book on “Proper Care of
CWoks, Ducks, Turkeys’*— send 10 cents.
90 Second St., Dcs Moines, la.
$ >55 Buys Best
140-Egg
Incubator
J
Wo ship
quick from
8t Paul, Buffalo,
Kansas City or
Kacino.
Double cases all over; best
copper tank; nursery, self¬
regulating. Best 140-chick
hot-water Brooder, $4.85.
Both ordered together, $11.50. Freight prepaid
(E. of Rockies). No machines at any price are
better Satisfaction guaranteed. Write for book
today or send price now and save waiting.
Belle City Incubator Co., Box 4 8 Racine. Wis.
125 Egg Incubator^ If)
and Brooder Bof5.-$*U
I If ordered together we send
lboth for $10. Freight iSS?
'paid east of Rockies. Hot^S=
wator, copper tanks, double walls,
double glass doors. Free catalog
describes them. Send for it today.
Wisconsin Incubator Co.,
Box It 8, Racine, WIs.
GRIT
M AKA-SHEL SOLUBLE
Bright, sharp, shining,
M a k e s b one and
Increases Kgg-
Produetion when |
Eggs are liigli.
Ask your dealer, or send us $1-00 for two
100-11). bags f. o. b. cars. Booklet free
EDGE HILL SILICA ROCK CO.,
Box J. New Brunswick, N. J.
_ JE foods
are demanded and used by successful
poultrymen everywhere because our
goods are reliable. Every ounce of grain is
clean and nourishing. Lowest prices. Full
weight. Prompt shipments. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Send today for Booklet and
FREE Souvenir. Don’t delay.
TAYLOR BROS., 10 Market Street, CAMDEN, N. J.
JL
MAKE HENS LAYH
more eggs; larger, more vigorous chicks;
heavier fowls, by feeding cut bone.
MANN’S LATE*-T-
cuts fast, easv. fine : never
BONE CUTTER
easy, fine; never clogs.
1911.
THE RURAE NEW-YORKER
£6
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, January 14, 1911.
FARM TOriCS.
The Story of Alfalfa . 25, 26
The Pdoduets of an Acre . 26
potato Growing in California . 27
Alfalfa Seed in New York . 27
Different Forms of Lime . 28
Vetch for Ohio Soil . 28
Acetylene Refuse; Pig Manure . 28
An Ohio Potato Crop . 29
oats and Peas and Corn . 29
Water Supply for Barn . 30
A Farming Town in Southern New Hamp¬
shire . ..31
Fertilizing for Potatoes . 31
Killing Out Dodder . 31
Buying a Feed Mill . 32
Crops and Prices . 32
Drilling Wheat Both Ways . 34
Handling the Poultry Manure . 35
Value of Corn Fodder . 37
Hope Farm Notes.... . 38
Rhode Island Farmers Meet . 41
Keeping Roots Out of Drain Tile . 47
What to Do With Buckwheat . 47
Growing Cactus in Florida . 48
The Sunflower Crop . 51
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Hens Against Cows . 46
Mange . 46
Heave's . 46
The Western Meat Situation . 48
Ringworm . 48
Sick Cat . 48
Congested Udder . *8
Milk . 49
The Cost of Milk . 49
Bitter Milk . 49
Reduced Milk Flow . 49
Cabbage in Milk Ration . 50
A Kentucky Ration . 50
Ration With Mixed Materials . 50
New York Poultry Show . 51
Sprouted Oats for Poultry . 51
“Growth” on Chicken’s Toes . 51
Ganders Sing Tenor . 51
Poultry in Small Run . 51
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Bone Tumor . 52
Abnormal Sweating . 52
Cow With Cough . 52
Rickets in Pigs . 52
Strangles . 545
Worms - . 52
Weak^Dog1 ? . !!!!!!!!!!!!!! I !!!!! !n2 a‘d could be secured, before the birds begin
vc in Pnw ... . frpt «ir*lc if- wrmlr! ho o p-oorl nlnn fn
Truss for Roaring Horse.
I have a line large roaring mare eight
years old. Would you indicate how spring
mentioned on page 1149 is made and used,
of what material and is it put inside of
nostral or outside. N. a. m.
New York.
The truss is simply a pad of oakum or
tow covered with chamois skin or other
soft, pliable leather and kept pressing upon
the outside of the false nostr’l, by means
of a spring. Any harness maker will make
the necessary apparatus. A spring, like
that on ordinary ear muffs, may be used
with success. a. s. a.
Dog with Catarrh.
I have a dog that was taken with sneez¬
ing last March like a person ; his nose now
runs and his head gathers. His gums and
his teeth bleed and he does not eat very
much. When he was ttrst taken he was
very fat, but now is quite thin. Can you
give me any remedy ? T. M.
New York.
Keep the nose clean by sponging with a
saturated solution of boric acid. Use a
similar solution with which to wash the
gums twice a day. Give two grains of qui¬
nine in capsule every night and twice a
day 20 drops of elixir calisaya bark, iron
and strychnine in a little water, a. s. a.
Poultry Poisoned with Brine.
What can ne done for poultry that has
been poisoned by fish brine or salt?
Baltimore, Md. l. c. C.
All kinds of poultry, especially pigeons
and turkeys, die so quickly from salt poi¬
soning that there is not much time to do
anything for them. It usually takes less
than an hour for them to die. If prompt
Scours in Cow . 52
HORTICULTURE.
The Size of Nut Seedlings . 28
Keep Lime from Strawberries . 28
Lime and Sulphur Injury . 28
Tax Exempted Orchards . 29
Grapes, Quince and Peach Orchards . 30
The Grimes Golden Apple . 32
The Inside Ballot . 32
The Cost of an Apple Orchard . 33
.Mix the Apple Varieties . 34
Possibilities of Orchard Heaters . 34
Protection Against Rabbits . 36
Trouble With Dwarf Apple . 37
Notes on Blackberries . 39
Mulched Peaches . 39
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 42
Home Treatment for Small Ills . 42
The Rural Patterns . 43
Enough for Two Days . 43
Haricot of Mutton . 43
Aunt Martha’s Envelope Library . 44
The Michigan Woman on Summer Board¬
ers . 45
Making Over to Advantage . 45
Stewed Red Cabbage . 45 whip smartly
Stuffed Potatoes With Hamburg Gravy.. 45 mean.
Priscilla Cream Roll . 45 _________
MISCELLANEOUS.
A Handy Gate Fastener . 27
A White Winter . 29
Producer’s Share of Hats . 31
Express Charges . 32
Suggestion for Parcels Post . 3S
Use for Defaulted Bonds . 35
Products, Prices and Trade . 36
Editorials . 40
Other People’s Money . 41
Events of the Week . 41
Prepaid Express Charges . 41
A Consumer’s Observation About His
Dollar . 47
Publisher’s Desk . 54
to get sick, it would be a good plan to
wash out the crop with warm water, hold¬
ing the birds enough under a stream of
water until the crop is full and then let.ting
the head hang down while the contents of
the crop runs out. Mild cases of poisoning
may be saved in this way. c. s. g.
Vicious Mare.
I have a mare eight years old that was
always quiet and gentle until three months
ago she became cross so that I cannot
use her. She will strike, bite and kick. Is
there a cure? h. k. m.
If possible have the mare spayed by
an expert veterinarian. If this cannot be
done give her a dram of iodide of potash
twice a day in water for five consecutive
days a week for several weeks, and feed
her sparingly. She also should have the
applied when she acts
a. s. A.
POULTRY
TRUTHS
g>
/V -kii
A YOKE OF YOUNG CATTLE.
Fred Bayhan, the youngster with the
calves in Fig. 11 (see first page), is
following the advice of The R. N.-Y.
by breaking a yoke of cattle. The Red
Polled cow in Fig. 12 is the mother of
these calves, which are twins and were
about six weeks old when the pictures
were taken. Oxen are of considerable
utility on the farm, and this young man
has made a good start, by kindness and
patience, towards securing a dependable
ox team. These calves weighed about
155 pounds apiece, were quite thrifty
After all, it’s the
TRUTH — the plain
unvarnished prac¬
tical facts about
poultry-raising, that
you want, not theories
advanced by writers
, who too often have “an axe
j to grind.”
. Mr. S. B. Twining, a lead¬
ing authority on practical
poultry-raising for profit, has
written a valuable book that
gives readers the benefit of his
life-long experience — a plain,
J honest statement of facts.
Every phase of the poultry business is*
covered including Capon Culture.
POULTRY TRUTHS is being sold
on its merits— no connection with any
publication or advertising scheme.
You’ll find it profitable to read
this book. No other book contains
so much practical, reliable advice. .
$i nn droopy
I lUV POSTPAID
Send for Your Copy Today.
AFTON FARMS. Bax 0-1,
Yardley, Pa.
and exceedingly well behaved for such ^*rCldCr S FillC Catalogue
° . of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
youngsters. They have been hitched to pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, caien-
0 J , darfor each month, illustrations, descrip-
small sleds and other small articles, Ufjns. photos, incubators, brooders, and
’ all details concerning the business, where
which they readily pulled. W. E. D. and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
Hillsboro, Ohio.
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greider, Box 58 , Rheemx, Pa.
Preparing for Alfalfa.
1 have a piece of ground, about one-half
acre. I desire to sow in Alfalfa the coming
season. It was an old peach orchard ; the
soil tv as corned two years, last Spring sown
with oats aud Red clover. I got a nice
stand of clover, during August turned the
clover under and sowed with rye. In
Spring I think I shall turn the rye under
and sow with Canada peas and oats ; cut
the same for hay, plow and prepare the
ground by frequent cultivation, lime and
'hoculatlon, and sow about August 15.
Mill it be better to let the rye mature and
turn stubble down aud then prepare the
ground as above? w. e. c.
Flemington, N. J.
Our plan would be to plow under the
rye and seed to Canada peas. You should
try to get all the vegetable matter possible
into the soil when seeding Alfalfa, hut re¬
member that this makes more lime neces¬
sary.
Peach and Apple Trees
For fall or spring planting. Prices right; stock
right. MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.
CflD CAI C— Canada Peas, $1.85bushel; Alas-
■ If it VHLL ka Peas, $4.00 bushel; Cow Peas.
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel.
Sow Canada Peas and Oats in March ami harvest
a crop of Hay in May. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.
For Sale; 20 Tons of Alfalfa Ha/JiS:
Running Water on tire Farm K .3
at low first cost with an automatic
RIFE RAM
Cheapest and most efficient
water supply for country
place, irrigation, farms, etc.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Booklet, plans, estimates fas*.
Rife Engine Co. 2429TriniiyBldg.,R.Y.
^Galloway
MANURE SPREADER
The real thing. A successful 50 bushel Spreader with
more than four years of success behind it, only $39.50j
This is only one of the great Galloway line. More
than 40,000 fanners of America have stamped their
O.K.onit. They say, “It’s the Best.” This is the latest
from the Great Galloway factory. It’s part of my 1911
capacity of 40,000 manure spreaders. It is you that gets
the benefit of this tremendous output, and you save 40 to GO
per cent on your purchase because I divide the melon with
you. Every page of my big free book fairly bristles with Proof
jOnl/39-l
F.O.B. WATERLOO
s~~a
GST THIS BIG BOOK
Tree
Let ine quote you prices on a Gallowny Spreader
to suit the size of your farm. I’ve got the one for you. I’ll
trust you to try it. I’ll put it all up to you, and if you say it’s not what you
want, I’ll take it back and you don’t lose one dollar by the deal. See it
worf-, then vou know what it is. Here’s what you will find out :
IDs the simplest and handiest — two horses can handle
it— spreads any kind of stuff— no breakage bills-loni
life — satisfaction all the way— it’s a money-maker
every day — it pays you bid profit on every crop
you use it. Now prove this out. Find out that you can
make this saving. I know something about the spreader bus¬
iness you ought to know; let me tell you. Write me and
r don’t put it off till tomorrow. — WM. GALLOWAY
WM. GALLOWAY CO., 669 Galloway Sta., Waterloo, bwa
Let Me Tell You How I Divide the Melon with You
Yours FREE 30 Days
I’ll Pay Freight Anywhere
Just let me send my Chatham Fanning Mill to your
R. R. Station on a month’s trial. No money, no
contract and I pay the freight. Return at my ex¬
pense or keep it and take a year to pay me. Just let
mo prove the money you can make with a
CHATHAMvScfE
No Money Dow..
No Note
No Contract
Cleans and grades all kinds of seeds, grasses and grains. Don’t
grow weeds or thin stands. Landnnd taxes are too high. Double
the crops, get better crops and have high-priced seed,to sell. Send
postal now for my factory price, liberal terms, and get FREE
BOOK No. 104. Tells how thousands are making big,
extra profits with a Chatham. Send your name by next mail.
Address Manson Campbell, Pres., *
HANSON CAMPBELL CO.. Detroit, Mich. .
Kansas City, Mo.; St. Paul, Minn.; Seattle, Wash.
17 Screens and Riddles
Eanwh * — Every Puroosp
On account of the owners wish to discontinue
farming, the entire herd of imported and homebred
GU14KNSEY CATTLE of BKAFIBUKN FARMS,
consisting of 8 imported cows and 2 homebred; 15
head, various ages, from 1 month to 3 years. Also
2 purebred Holstein cows in advanced registry
Netherland Do Kol strain; one Guernsey bull, 15
months old, dam Princess L of Homested, 13155
A. U. 680— record 7871 lbs. milk, 363 lbs. fat; sire
ltoys of Norwood 8141 : all tuberculin tested.
Thirty-two head of Pure Southdown Ewes, im¬
ported and homebred, all with lamb, and one Ram
lamb. 500 head of Leghorn Pullets. Young’s
strain. Also three pairs of good farm horses, and
One road horse, Harubletonian bred, coming three
years, broken and safe and all right in every way;
together with a lot of farm machinery, all in good
condition. This is a good chance to secure some
good stock at reasonable prices. Parties interested
will be met at Towaco on the D..L. &W. R. R.
and Pompton Plains on the Erie It. R. by notifying
the Superintendent a few days in advance. For
full particulars addressltOBHKT DOUGLAS, Supt.,
Braeburn Farms, Towaco P.O., Morris County, N.J.
POSITION WANTED
It gives me pleasure to recommend my Superin¬
tendent. Mr. Robert Douglas, who has served me
to my entire satisfaction. He is a young man of
practical knowledge, trustworthy and reliable. On
account of my desire to discontinue farming and
stock breeding, he is open for engagement. I
would strongly advise any one desirous of securing
the services of an up-to-date man to interview him
at my country estate, Braeburn, Towaco. Morris
CO., N. J. Address DAVID YOUNG, ESQ., 227
Roseville Avenue, Newark, N. J.
Farm far Rani noar Salisbury, Maryland. For
P U I 111 1U! IlC II l full particulars address or call
on SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury, Maryland.
SELL FAKMS IN OCEANA, the best (to, in theU.S. Fruit, grain
I and stock. Write for list. J. D. S. HANSON, Ilart, Mich.
Purebred Bronze Turkeys JSS. £^emrss7
Hens, $4; f. o. b. G. Harris Field, The Plains,’ Va’.
Indian Runner Ducks
$5 per trio. W. T. EASTON, R. 5, Delaware. Ohio
-UTILITY
Stock, $4 and
R. C. B. MIN0RCAS, Cockerels, $1.25 each. Indian
Runner Ducks. $6 trio. Geo. Bowdish, Esperance, H.Y.
COLUMBIAN WYAND0TTES— Beauty &utility c-mbined.
Splendid, vigorous Cockerels and Pens mated. Ad-
dress Ralph Woodward, Box 28, Grafton, Mass.
Lt. Brahmas, White P. Rocks, B, P. Rocks.
Fine Birds. J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.
ORPINGTONS — S. C. Blackand White Cockerels, Black
Pullets; utility orprize winners. Prices reasonable.
Eggs in season. R. M. MORRISON, Lyme, N. H.
RIIFF RflPK PULLETS and COCKERELS,
UUI I llUUlV hen hatched, large, healthy and
vigorous. Address TH E FOUR AC RES, Nu tley , N.J.
COLLIE PUPS, $4 and $5— Spayed Female, 20 mos. old
very handsome, $13. Buff Orpington Cockerels. $1 !
Berkshire Gilt, $-20, W. A. LOTHERS, Peru Lack, Pa.
Fox, Rabbit and Hound Pups— Skunk Dogs
2-cent stamp for reply. P. L. Yarnell, Shreve, O.
Pi CYC *8 each; pair, $15. a.m.
L>11 RSUH C I lS^ DAVIS, Trooper, Pa.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHER.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity at right prices
Orders booked for early delivery of hatching eutrs
and day old chicks and ducklings. Safe delivery
of all orders guaranteed. Satisfaction or your
money back. JOHN H. WEED, Mgr, HILLSIDE
Westchester County. N. Y. ’
Hothouse Lambs, Poultry, Calves, Fancy Eggs
Ship to W. H. COHEN & CO., 229 Washington St., New York.
This hook
entitled **1911 Notes on
Poultry Raising:” describes the “really
different” incubator — the NATIONAL.
and tells how: to succeed with poultry,
•to discover useless eg^s, to get big
f hatches, etc. Write now. It is FRK K.
NATIONAL INCUBATOR CO.
108 18th Street Racine, Wij.
LET US TAN
YOUR HIDE.
Cattle or Horse hide. Calf, Dog, Deer,
or any kind of skin with hair or fur on.
We make them soft, light, odorless, •
wind, moth and water proof, and make
them into coats (for men or women)
robes, rugs or gloves when so ordered.
Your fur goods will cost you less than
to buy them, and be worth more. Send
three or more cow or horse hides in one
shipment from anywhere cast of Den¬
ver and we pay the freight both ways.
Get our illustrated catalog which
gives prices of tanning, taxidermy and
head mounting. Also prices of fur
goods, and big mounted gamo heads
we sell.
The Crosby Frisian Fur Company,
571 Lyell Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS.
Furs are high. A fact which you aie all probably ac¬
quainted with. But the question is, Are you getting
highest market value for yours I Remember we do not
charge any commission; pay all express charges; will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory will return and
pay all charges. Don’t you think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing r For
further information write for our free price list and
Trappers’. Guide. Slake us a trial shipment today.
Abrohams Fur S Wool Co., Fur Merchants, Seymour, Wis.
free:
BOOK OF GAME
AND FUR. LAWS
A 64 page book worth hun¬
dreds of dollars to hunt¬
ers, trappers and campers.
Gives all fur and game lawg
— tolls how to make mure
money We give you a copy
FREE with HUNTER-TRADER-TRAPPER — A big 160 page maga
zine full of hunting news, good stories and valuable facts for
trappers. 10c a copy; or CAMP AND TItAlfi.a 24 page weekly—
5c a copy. Devoted to hunting, trapping, fishing, guns, dogs, etc.
Send 5c or 10c today for the magazine you want and get the book
free A. It, HARDING PUD. CO, , Kox 500 Columbia, Ohio
WANTFn AGENTS T0 SELL FARMERS’ ACCOUNT BOOK.
,V . ’ 1 LU Easy to sell. Big inducements. Act
Quick. Address, L. L. SYPHERS. Ft. Wayne, Ind.
SALESMEN WANTED
TO SELL TREES AND PLANTS
Freo outfit. Commis¬
sion paid weekly. Write
for terms. PERRY NURS¬
ERIES, Rochester. N. Y.
pi.ISASE send a trial shipment to the Oldest Coin .
1 mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter
Eggs. Poultry, Pork, Calves, Hay, Grain. Beans’
Appies. etc. ti. It. tVOODWAItl), SO’.! <jreen»i«li st., j. y’.
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York,
Poultry, Eggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
Boston Produce Go,
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market StM
Boston.
PURE HONEY
—Amber extracted, $1.60 per
gallon. Comb, 10 lbs., $2.
H. K. LYON, Cranford, N.J.
fHOIGE VIRGINIA FARMS
-i'V
Along: Chesapeake & Ohio Railway as low as $15.00 per acre.
rke
* “7 - T| J - - - - T ''■‘w ■* «vw ■*» <pw*VV poi «WV. Rich
soil, mild winters, nearby eastern markets. Exceptional Fruit Growing Possi.
y/ bilities. Write for Illustrated booklet of farms for sale *‘COUN-
TRY LIFE IN VIRGINIA” (lOOpages) and low excursion rates
ADI)KES8 T* CRAWLEY, IndubtrialAgt.
mohUX C. & O. RY.. Box Z RICHMOND, VA.
AS
60
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
January 14, 1911
Don’t Send Us One Cent!
The editor of this paper unre¬
servedly recommends that you take
advantage of this free loan offer, as he
is familiar with the Edison phonograph
and knows of nothing which will add
more cheer, entertainment and pleas¬
ure to the home life than one of these
wonderful machines.
Keep your money in your pocket. Don't send us a penny. We simply
want you to see for yourself, and prove to your own satisfaction that the new
styie Edison Phonograph is the greatest entertainer ever invented, that the long
winter evenings may be made so enjoyable that your sons and daughters, and even
your neighbors, will look forward every day to 4 'evening time” when you can all gather round the
cheerful fire and play all the new as well as old songs, and join in the singing of them,
latest minstrel jokes, orchestra and band selections, funny stories, and the dozens
things included in our list of thousands of records.
If I could just walk into your home this evening
and hear
of other
the
good
will really do.
and shake hands with each member of the family and then,
after a few minutes’ pleasant chat, place my latest model phono¬
graph on your table and play “Way Dow?i Upon the Suxcanee River with
its beautiful orchestra accompaniment, have you all join in and sing the second
verse — your daughters’, your sons’ and your own voices blending in sweet har¬
mony, a thrill of genuine contentment and an almost new interest in life would
take possession of you, and under the emotional influence of that grandest of
God's gifts to man — music — you would take me by the hand and thank me from
the bottom of your heart for having come into your home and gladdened you all
with a practical demonstration of what this wonderful Edison Phonograph
But I cannot possibly visit the hundreds of thousands of homes throughout this vast country, yet I can loan you the machine and records.
and this is
to fill out the coupon below and cut it out and mail it right away.
what I propose to do, and without asking you to send or deposit one penny. All you have to "do is
Don't fail to send for our handsome Free Edison Catalog and list of records,
so you can select just the machine and the records you want. You may take your
choice of any machine you like, also your choice of records. Remember, there is no
obligation on you. You do not risk a penny. Just fill out the coupon and mail it to
us at once. There is no “catch” to this offer. We will do just as we say.
I want you to just satisfy yourself what a great addition to your home the
phonograph will make. If I were a farmer, and only had enough money with
which to pay my actual living expenses, and a little more, I would take
advantage of such an offer as is made herewith, as I would feel that ray wife and
family as well as myself had a right to some of the pleasures of life.
ROOSEVELT SAYS:
F. K.
BABSON, XJpporZn^
and the disposition to put off doing things until tomorrow, which
unhappiness, more failures and more lost
done today causes
than any one
more
error
to which humanity is prone.’
Edison Phonograph
Distributers
SUITE 3581
EDISON BLOCK,
CHICAGO, ILL.
So don’t delay. Don’t procrastinate.
Fill in this Coupon at once, NOW, today,
and send for our generous free loan offer. Enjoy the
Without any cost to me, please
\
send me your Great Edison Catalog,
free and prepaid, and full explanation of
your Free Loan Phonograph Tidal Offer.
our
free concerts. Use it in the sick room, the nursery,
a “Barn Dance,” play it for the old folks, the baby,
the family. Learn all the new songs and hear the new
records.” Don’t pass this great free trial offer by.
Have
for all
‘funny
Mail Coupon to us at once
My reasons for making this
free loan offer: By loaning a few
people these wonderful new style
Edison machines, letting them play them
for their friends, I will quickly acquaint
everybody with the superiority of the latest
style Edison. Many, many people will hear
the free concerts and then some at least
will want to buy an Edison — especially as
the finest instruments may be had for $2.00
a month. But if nobody who hears the
concerts at your home happens to buy,
there’s no harm done. I am just as glad
that I sent you the phonograph on the free
loan and thus got your help in advertising
the machine by means of the free concerts.
Name . . . . \
Address.
F. K. Babsoii, Edison Phonograph Distributers
iusi fm out this coupon. No totter neccessary.
SUITE 3581 EDISON BLOCK, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
CANADIAN OFFICE: WESTERN OFFICE:
335 Portage Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba
65 Post St., San Francisco, Cal.
MR. EDISON
■ * *1 want, to see a Phonograph
in every American Home . ”
The phonograph is the result of years of experiment,
it is Mr. Edison’s pet and hobby, and is considered by
him his greatest invention. It his ambition to have one
of these wonderful entertainers in every home in the
land.
I do not ask for one cent.
No deposit. No payment of any kind.
All S want is that you let me
loan you one of my new Style Phono¬
graphs in your home and use it absolutelv
FREE. I want to loan you this wonderful ma¬
chine. I want you to take it right to your own
home and treat it just as if it were your own and give it a thorough trial.
I want you to call the family together and invite in your neighbors and
have some free concerts, and hear the latest songs, the newest “rag-time
music. I want you to hear "Sousa’s great band of sixty pieces, I want you
to hear the great Grand Opera singers, the best ballad vocalists of the age.
OFFER
REMEMBER, we do not ask you to take one cent risk, you are under no obligation to keep
the phonograph in any way. We simply want you to try it and have your neighbors hear it. Then when you are through with the free concerts send
back the outfit at our expense. I have a particular reason for wishing to ship you this wonderful phonograph on free loan offer, note these reasons given below.
I MEAN EVERY WORD
OF THIS REMARKABLE
CONQUEST OF BROWN-ROT.
Self-Boiled Lime-Sulphur.
The most destructive fungus disease
known to the peach orchardist has
finally been put under control. J. H.
Hale, of Georgia and Connecticut, paid
his respects to the brown-rot disease in
the following terms : “The brown-rot
is so great a factor for evil in the rais¬
ing of peaches for the market that in a
few years more it would have accom¬
plished the complete failure of my or¬
chard plant in the State of Georgia. We
can master or control every other enemy
of the peach by up-to-date methods and
precautions, but until now we have had
no weapon that would touch the brown-
rot fungus.” And then he continued to
say that “the use of the self-boiled lime-
sulphur spray as a foliage treatment for
the peach tree, recently discovered by
Mr. W. M. Scott, of the U. S. Depart¬
ment of Agriculture, alone would swing
the future status of my fortune from
failure to success.”
The importance of this spray to Mr.
Hale reaches to every other peach
grower in the country, with somewhat
less force, except perhaps, to orchardists
in the arid regions of the West where
the climatic conditions are unfriendly to
the career of the destructive fungus. In
the early peach section of Georgia the
work of Mr. Scott means the restoration
of prosperous peach growing, where re¬
cently the industry has had to be aban¬
doned solely on account of brown-rot.
Gradually in the past 15 years the peach
belt has been pushed farther south into
the humid regions of Georgia for the
sake of producing earlier fruit. It is
here that the rot has worked the most
utter ruin.
While in general it is true that the
coastal plains are hardest hit, it is a
fact that wherever there are stone fruits
raised in abundance there is brown-rot
present, waiting only the awakening
touch of the friendly dampness to bring
it to life when, in a few days, it will
devour a large part or all of the profits
of the orchard. In a recent year D. M.
Wertz, of Waynesboro, Pa., a large or¬
chardist located in the mountain region,
where peach trees are assumed to be
comparatively safe from brown-rot, lost
20 carloads, or about one-third of his
crop from a sudden outbreak of the
fungus.
f he brown-rot answers to the aristo¬
cratic Latin name of Sclerotina fructi-
gena. In habit it is a sort of sleeping
sickness, since it is able to endure al¬
most indefinitely in the mummified fruit
that, having been infected, has either
dropped to the ground or hangs with¬
ered on the tree. In the moist seasons
of .Spring and Summer the fungus
breeds vast numbers of spores that later
are conveyed by winds to the trees,
where infection is repeated. In dry
weather so slight damage is done that
the disease appears to sleep. Often in
a badly infected orchard the inroads of
the rot will be immaterial until, just at
GUM FROM CURCULIO PUNCTURES. Fig. 21.
BROWN ROT ON PEACHES. Fig. 22.
harvest time, a spell of overcast skies
and high humidity will awaken the
fungus to activity. A singularly com¬
plete case of this kind occurred near
Dublin, Georgia, a few years ago. The
grower had reared his orchard with in¬
telligent. and devoted care. His orchard
was one to be proud of, and in this
year of nemesis the trees bore their first
bumper crop. Figuring on the masses
of large handsome fruit that bent the
branches of the trees the owner ordered
crates for 40 carloads. All proceeded
fairly until harvest when, just as the
pickers began their work, the fair dry
weather changed to a slow warm drizzle
that lasted several days. The result was
a spontaneous combustion of brown-rot.
Almost instantly with the change of
weather the spots of decay with their
beards of white spore-bearing threads
started out on the fruit. The pickers
were hurried to gather as much of the
unspoiled fruit as possible. These se¬
lected specimens, a small percentage of
the whole crop, were crated and shipped.
In a few days word was received from
New York that this apparently unblem¬
ished product had arrived hopelessly
ruined by the rot that had developed in
transit. A crop easily worth $20,000
was a total failure, and the owner was
in debt. Healthy peaches become con¬
taminated by handling, and the sweating
that goes on in poorly refrigerated cars
offers the favorable condition to the de¬
velopment of the fungus. The arrival
of diseased fruit so upsets the market
that on a day when 50 carloads of clean
fruit would be readily sold at excellent
prices, the discovery of 15 or 20 carloads
marked with the rot is sufficient to create
a “glut,” and so to lower the price that
the entire lot will scarcely bring ex¬
penses.
In 1902 W. M. Scott, then State en¬
tomologist and plant pathologist of the
State of Georgia, addressed Dr. Merton
B. Waite, chief pathologist in charge of
fruit disease investigations in the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, asking ad¬
vice. Mr. Scott, in the course of his
travels over the State, continually
crossed the trails of brown-rot ruin. He
saw that even the most intelligent and
industrious grower was almost impotent
to prevent the progress of the disease,
and that the annual loss affected a host
of people, everyone in fact along the
line, from nurseryman to peach con¬
sumer. Now the principal reason why
until Mr. Scott’s discovery the disease
had enjoyed immunity was that so far
as was known there existed no spray
that could be applied safely to the peach
tree while in full leaf. All diseases pre¬
ventable by dormant spraying, such as
leaf-curl and California peach blight,
had been easily overcome, but those re¬
quiring Summer treatment had, as a
rule,, gone scot-free for the lack of a
suitable fungicide. All that the fruit
grower could do towards reducing his
losses by brown-rot was to gather in
the mummies of the past season and
burn them. As it was quite impossible
68
Januarj 21,
to do this cleanly, and as two or three mummies were
enough to infect an orchard, the laugh was generally
with the mummy.
Spraying the dormant tree with the commercial
lime-sulphur was all right for controlling the San
Jose scale, but did not so much as ruffle the beard
of the fungus, which at that time was not aboard the
tree at all. A later desperate spraying of the full¬
leaved tree with this mixture would certainly smite
the rot a deathblow, but unfortunately it was quite
as certain to result in defoliation. The powerful in¬
secticide and fungicide compounds formed by boiling
slaked lime and flowers of sulphur have a fatally
caustic effect upon the delicate foliage of the peach.
The Bordeaux Mixture was, of course, out of the
question, since it has a peculiarly poisonous action on
peach foliage. So for many years Mr. Scott’s work
was most unpromising and discouraging. After try¬
ing about all the combinations of sulphur and lime he
finally picked up the self-boiled mixture which had
been discredited as a treatment for scale for the rea¬
son that the heat of slaking lime only dissolved about
seven per cent of the sulphur added, and this was
insufficient to loosen the scale, which is crusted firmly
on the trees. In his experiments Mr. Scott had
reached the conclusion that the excess of caustic
sulphids in the boiled mixture caused the injuries to
the foliage, and he turned as a last resort to the ex¬
pedient of self-boiling as bringing into solution a
minimum percentage of sulphur. The results were
gratifying. The new spray not only did not de¬
foliate the tree, but on the contrary improved the
condition and appearance of the leaf and fruit. After
three seasons of field work in commercial orchards
Mr. Scott has developed a final formula and method
for making this spray effective. Eight pounds of
lime are put into a barrel and enough water is
poured in to cover it. As soon as the lime begins
to slake eight pounds of flowers or flour of sulphur
are added. The mixture must be stirred constantly
and more water poured in until the lime is well slaked,
then the bulk of the water is added to cool the mix¬
ture and to check further boiling. In all about 50
gallons of water are necessary to this proportion of
sulphur and lime. Before spraying the mixture must
be strained to remove the coarse particles of lime,
but the sulphur is worked through. The theory of the
action of this mixture is that the free lime serves as
a matrix to hold all the other elements together, that
there are enough of the sticky sulphids to bind the
solids to the fruit, branches and leaves, and that
the free, finely divided sulphur deals correctively with
the fungus. But, while the exact nature of the fungi¬
cidal action is a mystery, the effect is unmistakable
and decisive.
In the Spring of 1909 J. H. Hale offered the or¬
chard of the Hale Georgia Orchard Co., at Fort
Valley, Ga., as a demonstration and proving ground
for the spray. Experiments in 1907 had been made
on small plots in Missouri, and the brown-rot con¬
trolled to 10 per cent of the crop. More experiments
were made in 1908 in Georgia, Arkansas and Illinois,
these involving orchards in several localities aggre¬
gating about 2,000 trees. The demonstration in Mr.
Hale’s orchard established the complete and convinc¬
ing proof of the economic value of the discovery.
While this great orchard had had the best of care
and was otherwise in perfect condition, it had in
recent years become so infested with brown-rot that
in 1908 the crop was largely lost. Two other enemies
of the peach, close allies of the rot, had lent evil
hands to encompass the ruin of the orchard, namely,
the. scab and the plum curculio. The former is also
a fungus and is popularly known as ‘‘freckles,” a
name descriptive of the black spots it causes on the
fruit. It is not so malignant a malady as the rot,
but serves as an accessory by cracking and spotting
the peach, thus giving the deadlier fungus an entrance.
The scab on its own account depreciates the value of
a crop at least 25 per cent, and in some localities
where brown-rot is not so prevalent it is considered
by growers as their worst enemy. The curculio beetle
damages the fruit by puncturing the skin for the pur¬
pose of laying its eggs within. After laying the eggs
it cuts a crescent-shaped wound about the puncture to
prevent the growth of the peach from crushing the
eggs before they hatch. The larvae upon hatching
proceed to bore inward to the stone, where they feed
until the period of pupation, when they emerge and
drop to the ground, as likewise does the damaged
peach. The worst crime of the beetle is in making
the punctures that give the rot an “open sesame.”
Mr. Scott and his chief assistant, Mr. Willard Ayres,
conducted the spraying on large blocks of different
varieties, comprising over 5,000 trees, while Mr.
Hale’s force sprayed about 7,000 trees in their or¬
chard under the supervision of the two scientific men.
Plots of trees were selected, the trees on them counted
and sprayed, while next adjoining a sprayed plot an¬
other was left unsprayed. Two applications were
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
made, one about a month after the petals dropped and
again three weeks before the fruit ripened. At pick¬
ing time the entire crop, including dropped fruit, was
counted on five average trees in each plot. On the
sprayed plot it was found that 17 per cent was affected
with brown-rot, and that in 93 per cent of the rotting
fruit infection had been admitted by curculio punc¬
tures. The scab was, from the commercial standpoint,
completely controlled. On the unsprayed plot 49.5
per cent of the fruit was found to be affected with
rot, and 91.5 per cent with scab; 81 per cent of rot
infection had come about through curculio punctures.
The figures themselves were very satisfactory to Mr.
Hale, but there was another cause for gratification
in the increased size and color and generally better
merchantable condition of the sprayed fruit. The com¬
mercial results of the spraying were determined by
counting the marketable fruit on 500 trees out of
each plot. The sprayed plot yielded 170 crates, the
unsprayed SO. Thus was nearly a quietus given to
the brown-rot. The curculio was the main factor to
be faced now. As Mr. Scott writes: “The plum
curculio punctures the skin of a certain percentage
of the fruit and admits the fungus in spite of all the
spraying that can be done.”
In cooperation with Mr. A. L. Quaintance, of the
Bureau of Entomology, some experiments were made
of first spraying with arsenate of lead just as the
calyces were shedding, and again in about three weeks
with the self-boiled lime-sulphur plus two pounds of
arsenate of lead added to the formula. The success
was brilliant. Only 4.5 per cent of the fruit showed
brown-rot, 6.5 per cent had slight traces of the scab,
and about 27.5 per cent were curculio punctured. On
the unsprayed plot 63 per cent was rotted, 99 per cent
was scabby, and 97 per cent wormy from curculio. The
sprayed block yielded 327 crates of first class fruit
while the unsprayed block contributed only 33 crates,
all of which was poor in quality. In the New York
market the sprayed fruit brought $2 per crate as
compared with $1.50 per crate for the best of the un¬
sprayed. Also all the sprayed fruit was sold before
anv of the unsprayed, showing the impression made
upon the buyers by the difference in the appearance
of the two classes. The cost of spraying, including
four treatments, one with arsenate of lead alone, one
with the arsenate plus lime-sulphur, and two with
lime-sulphur alone was about six cents per tree.
Massachusetts. Robert a. sanborn.
CORN GROWING IN ILLINOIS.
I raised 90 bushels of corn to the acre this year,
and did not try very hard, either. I do not mean 90
bushels of ears, but 90 bushels at 70 pounds to the
bushel. Western farmers do not know* anything
about estimating corn yields by the bushels or bar¬
rels of ears. Dealers, when they accept corn direct
from the field at “shucking time,” allow 80, 75 or
70 pounds to the bushel, according to the amount of
“sap” which the grain contains. Occasionally, with a
favorable season, and a moderately quick maturing
variety, they are offered corn which they can figure at
70 pounds to the bushel. This year, owing to the
low price offered, nearly all the farmers held their
corn. The price has remained at a standstill, and
owing to the heavy crop, the greater part of which is
still in the hands of the growers, they begin to fear
they will be obliged to accept a low price. The crop
is usually shelled right on the farm, and the grain
dealers allow 56 pounds to the bushel when delivered
off the cob.
A man does not find any difficulty here in raising
from 60 to 120 bushels of corn to the acre if he uses
careful, up-to-date methods, and the season is favor¬
able. But when it comes to making more, clear profit
per acre than his brother farmer back East — that is
a different proposition. If I wanted to make a spe¬
cialty of growing apples, I would go to New York
State, Washington, Oregon, or any place where the
conditions were most favorable. If I wanted to do
a little of many things— dairying, poultry, fruit grow¬
ing, and mixed farming, surely the East is a good
place, with its cheap land and excellent, near-by
markets. But if I wanted to raise corn on a large
scale, I don't think I should look farther than cen¬
tral Illinois, with its naturally rich soil, its season
of hot days and warm nights, during June and July,
and its usually cool, dry, crisp weather in October,
at ripening time. We have no rocks to contend with.
You can look all over a thousand acres of our
broad, gently rolling or level praire land, and not
find a stone to throw at a bird. Most fields contain
40 or 80 acres, and in plowing, cultivating, and gather¬
ing the crop, the team travels a quarter of a mile
before it turns. A few years ago one man and two
horses were expected to care for 40 acres of corn ;
now one man and four horses (sometimes three), with
gang or sulky plow and two-row cultivator, puts in
and “tends” 80 acres. Illinois this year raised its av¬
erage to 39 bushels per acre. Remember, there is
much poor land in our State, and the localities where
it exists keep down the average. Central Illinois
farmers are learning better methods, and the young
generation of farmers has already commenced to re¬
pair the damage done by their fathers, and are putting
back some of the lost humus and fertility that will in
a few years push the average yield of corn, as well
as of other crops higher and higher. Our State ex¬
periment station, our farmers’ institutes, and the agri¬
cultural press, are all pressing fundamental truths
home, and they are finding lodgment in minds ripe
and ready for them. Adjoining my place is a farm
of over 200 acres, operated by the enterprising son
of the owner. Last week I saw his manure spreader
going back and forth across a large field, leaving
behind it a grey swath of rock phosphate, to be turned
under with the clover. Several carloads of “floats”
have been used in the past few years in this neigh¬
borhood. Our land is not worn out — this phosphate
has gone on some of the best farms to be found here.
Their owners are simply enterprising, and are tak¬
ing means not only to keep them among the best, but
gradually to make them better. Forty bushels of
wheat to the acre is now becoming common, and
large yields of all grain crops is the ambition of our
most intelligent farmers. They will not be satisfied
with ordinary yields any longer, while gradually de¬
creasing averages will not be tolerated at all.
Macon Co., Ill. J. c. nicholls.
R. N.-Y. — Many reports of large yields of corn
prove to be based on a pretty loose way of estimating.
The truest method is the plan followed at the New
England Corn Show of figuring the yield of “crib-dry”
shelled corn. “Crib-dry” means only 12 per cent of
water, found by taking good-sized samples of the
corn and analyzing it. The chemist does exactly what
the western buyers guess at when they estimate the
sap.
WHERE GOVERNMENT TRIES TO REGU¬
LATE FRUIT PRODUCTION.
The Greek currant is really a small grape. It has
been grown in Greece since earliest times, and since
the failure of the French vineyards in 1880 it is an
important commercial product. The history of this
business gives one of the most striking illustrations
of an attempt by government to regulate a private
industry. Under the stimulus of high prices the
Greeks planted heavily and glutted the market.
Strange to say little effort was made to increase the
demand for the fruit. The government came in with
an effort to cut off production. It forced each ex¬
porter to deposit in the government stores 10 to 15
per cent of exports. These were sold by the gov¬
ernment for wine making. When the money from these
sales reached a considerable figure the growers de¬
manded their share. A currant bank was established
in 1889, with a capital of $750,000, required by law to
make loans in money or its equivalent in sulphur.
Growers accepted this plan and increased production
to 180,000 tons. The 15 per cent retention was raised
to 20 per cent, but even this proved insufficient to
control and keep up prices. Then the Greek gov¬
ernment arranged with the currant bank to guarantee
growers a fixed minimum price for currants. A loan
was made to finance this scheme. This guaranteed
price proved higher than the market price. The
growers got the money and the bank had the fruit —
and a loss of $400,000. Then they raised the reten¬
tion amount to 35 per cent.
In 1905 “The Privileged Company” was organized
with a 20-year charter. This company may retain 35
per cent of the crop, a heavy tax on new areas put in
currants and control of tariff and taxes on grapes.
It is to guarantee fixed prices for currants. For con¬
cessions it has the right to collect $2.60 a ton on all
currants raised, and it may have about 60 per cent
of all the currants retained for its own use. There
have been two great crops in succession which have
nearly swamped this company. In 1910 a law was
passed which aims to induce growers to pull out part
of their vineyards! They are paid a fixed price for
each quarter acre uprooted.
All this will seem like a curious way to do busi¬
ness in this country, where the tendency is to in¬
crease production and keep on planting. Imagine
Oregon or Washington passing laws to induce apple
growers to cut down their orchards so as to shut off
the output. The tendency here is to get out and find
new markets for the goods. All these efforts to es¬
tablish prices by law by trying to control produc¬
tion are likely to break down. No doubt the world
would consume twice the volume of Greek currants
if the Greeks would start a campaign like that of the
Apple Consumers’ League.
According to Dr. Towell of the National Bureau of
Plant Industry brown rot on peaches causes growers to
lose .$5,000,000 annually, while peach scab causes an an¬
nual loss of $1,000,000. Let us spray.
1911.
THE RU RAt NEW-YORKER
59
A GASOLINE HIRED MAN.
I have seen several letters in regard to the use of
gasoline engines on farms. Fig. 23 shows a rig I
have made to stack hay. I have a 35- foot pole with
two strong back guys, and a wire in front to keep it
steady, and lean this over toward the stack. The
horse fork is rigged to a pulley on top of the pole,
and the rope runs down the pole to a block at the
bottom, and thence to a drum on the truck on which
vr ■
V
\
THE GASOLINE HIRED MAN. Fig. 23.
the engine is carried. This drum has a large pulley
on the shaft, and a sliding box controlled by a lever
which allows the pulley to be pressed against a stop
and held in any position, or pressed by reversing
the lever against a smaller pulley or a shaft, having
a pulley belted to the engine, which may be running
all the time to transmit the power to the drum to
wind up the rope and hoist the hay. By this means
a stack 25 feet high or more can be built, and much
more quickly than by a horse. The drum when re
leased in a vertical position, runs itself, letting the
fork down quickly, or when up at the top can be
held there by a simple motion of the lever forward, or
can be hoisted by a pull of the lever backward. I
have a six horse-power engine. It can be placed any¬
where easily while on the truck. With it we cut wood,
cut feed, hoist hay in and out of the barn or stack,
and grind feed, press straw, etc. I find it a great
saving of time and horse. The rig is homemade and
gives perfect satisfaction. h. q. howe.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
THE COUNTRY STOREKEEPER’S SIDE OF
PARCELS POST.
We hear much about the parcels post nowadays,
and from the daily papers we learn that the "interests"
are taking notice and are organizing to "protect” the
country store; at least that's what they claim. Now
I don’t believe the movement is sincere or that the
store is in any danger. Other reasons may cause the
country merchant to modify or change some detail
of his business, for readjustment is going on all the
time in society, industry and trade, and we all abide
by changes whether we like it or whether we get hurt
or not. I remember when the trolley car came to
this town the public stable, with its depot carriage
service, was put out of business. It was a real hard¬
ship to the proprietor, obliged in middle life to seek
other means of earning a living, and no one moved
to abandon the trolley project to protect the stable¬
man. Twenty-five years ago a florist was doing a
small business with one greenhouse on a side street.
In those days people would walk a mile or drive five
miles to trade with him, but they won’t now. To
be sure he was not enterprising enough to move into
town and do more business than ever, so when the
trolley came he went under, and no sympathy was
wasted.
I have heard the argument, and seen it in print too,
that the citizen is under moral obligation to trade
with the local merchant, no matter if he could save
money elsewhere. There is some force in that logic.
Let’s talk it over. Take myself, for instance. From
youth to middle age I was a mechanic in a small local
factory. Twenty-five years ago competition caused
the small concern to go out of business, and I was
out of a. job. So were 20 others. Some owned places,
all were good citizens, paid their taxes and per¬
formed their civic duties equally with the storekeeper
and all the rest. Something like this must have hap¬
pened in a thousand places, and yet there was no
nation-wide movement to protect those who suffered
by it. Every important invention has caused hard¬
ship to many people and yet the world has accepted
4he improvement joyously and will accept the parcels
post even if it should become certain that some peo¬
ple will get hurt. I was unwilling to move to the
large manufacturing town to work at my trade. So
I still live on the place where I was born a good
while ago, a one-man, one-horse, one-cow farm. I
draw interest on my savings as a mechanic to pay
taxes. I draw on the principal in time of sickness
or hard luck. I sell cordwood enough to buy coal
for the furnace, but for the most part try to live off
the place. Now for the point I want to make con¬
cerning (not against) the local store. I had 10 bushels
of potatoes to spare. Having a monumental distaste
for peddling my only market was the store, so I
asked the price. "Twenty-five cents a peck — 90 cents
a bushel.’ "1 don t want to buy, I have some to
sell. “Give you 65 cents — that’s what they cost us
from Boston.” If I were talking about the “con¬
sumer’s dollar” I needn’t go far for a text, but I
haven’t any fault to find with the merchant’s attitude
concerning potatoes. Why should he pay me any
more than he can buy for elsewhere, and why should
I pay him more for groceries than I can get them for
from Boston? His obligation to me equals my obli¬
gation to him, and that is nothing at all. No friend¬
ship in trade is an old proverb ; no sentiment either.
Right here some one will ask if I do not find it con¬
venient to buy many things locally, and what would
I do if the store should close. Why, some com¬
petitor would knock at my door within 24 hours
soliciting my small patronage ! I recall that some one
writing to The R. N.-Y. on the parcels post quite a
while ago predicted the decline of farm values if it
should prevail. He even quotes an actual occurrence
where a prospective customer declined to buy because
there was no store nearby. I can easily believe that,
but what of it? If a store went out and values
dropped, what of it? Does some one lose? So did
the stableman when the trolley came in. Undeserved
THE DOUGLAS PEAR. Fig. 24.
misfortune is the common lot of mortals. The steam¬
roller doesn't turn out for the ant crossing the road,
though the ant was there first and had vested rights.
If the parcels post is in the interest of the great
majority, it must not turn out for the few. Besides,
it is not certain yet that anyone would get hurt.
As for the dweller in back places finding it dif¬
ficult to get supplies, that is part of the price that he
pays for his isolation. There are advantages offset
by disadvantages everywhere, even in cities. Some
choose one set of advantages and some another. It
depends on personal taste and some other things. My
friends about town think it must be awful -to live two
miles from the depot and a mile from a yeast-cake.
I listen to their tales of woe, note the hoodlumism on
the lighted street, and thank my stars that I live
out on the edge of the woods, even beyond the electric
service and public water system, but I want the parcels
post. “And there ye are,” says Martin Dooley to Mr.
Hennessey. u. s.
Massachusetts.
R. N.-Y. — Do not forget how farmers throughout
the entire East lost half the value of their farms
through the Government’s booming of western land.
Do not depend upon a growth of sorrel as a sure test
for sour soil. The test with litmus paper beats it.
Ax English lawsuit which was begun 562 years ago was
recently resumed in the Court of Chancery according to
the London Express. It relates to the right to hold a
market in the town of Stowmarket, Essex, the Abbot of
St. Osyth claiming that Richard de Maundeville had
obtained a grant to hold a market there in
lo48. The case was adjourned because the defendant had
to go the wars in France, and is now resumed to settle
some technical legal point.
THE DOUGLAS PEAR.
I send you a sample of the Douglas pear. I had
some not quite as large October 14 to be sampled by
grocers and fruit men; they were loud in praise of
its quality, saying it was better than the best Bartlett,
and some that it was as good as the Seckel. From
two trees with two-year-old tops I picked one-half
bushel. It is inclined to overbear and make the fruit
smaller. It is a seedling of Kieffer crossed with
Duchesse d’Angouleme. Its late ripening makes it
come in at a good time, after peaches are gone. If
the tree keeps up the same habits as here the past 10
years, since it began fruiting, it will change fruit grow¬
ing, as no fruit at this time is in market that is
really good. a. h. griesa.
Douglas Co., Kan.
R- N.-Y. — Fig. 24 shows an excellent picture of this
pear, natural size. The quality was exceedingly good,
flesh tender, juicy and melting, flavor rich and sweet.
It is a handsome pear, and its general excellence seems
to promise a great future both for home and market
use.
LIME VS. BARNYARD MANURE.
It is advisable to use lime iu connection with barn¬
yard manure? Has the lime the power to evaporate some
of the useful elements in the manure, such as nitrogen,
phosphoric acid and potash? Would it be advisable
either to use lime the preceding or the following year
after manuring? IIow much fresh burnt stone lime can
safely be used per acre? The soil under consideration
is a sandy loam, well drained and in need of lime. The
manure turned under in the Fall, and the field left in
the rough. The lime to be spread iu the Spring and
well worked in the soil before planting. s. n. s.
Pennsylvania.
Burned lime and manure should not be mixed above
ground. Ground limestone will not injure the manure,
but burned lime will act chemically to set free am¬
monia in the form of gas. For this reason burned
lime should not be mixed with organic manures above
ground. When lime and manure are mixed in the soil
the ammonia is set free, but will be largely held by
the soil so that plants can use it. The lime will have
no injurious effect upon potash. It acts on the soil to
some extent to make potash available. With phosphoric
acid the lime unites with soluble phosphate to make it
Uss available but does no great damage to it usually.
It would depend upon the soil and the crop whether
to use lime a year before or a year after manure. The
manure usually acts to sweeten the soil, though not
as much as the lime. From choice we should use
lime if possible when seeding down to wheat or grass,
rather than with corn. Certainly not with potatoes.
It is quite a common rotation to use the manure on
corn and follow with potatoes, and then wheat or oats
and grass. In such case we should want to use the
lime after potatoes. All the way from half a ton to
three tons of burned lime per acre have been used, de-
MUMMIED PEACHES HARBORING BROWN ROT. Fig. 25
pending on the condition of the soil and the crop.
Alfalfa or clover, etc., need most, as do the cold and
sour clays. For such soil as you mention one ton
should give good results. The plan of plowing manure
in Fall and using lime in Spring will work, though on
our own farm we do not like Fall plowing. We would
rather have some live crop growing.
eo
January 21,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the -writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a qaestion, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]
“THE CULL IN THE PACKAGE.”
It is the rotten apple in the box, the
painted knothole in the board, the musty
streak in the butter or bacon which will
decide the price of the second package of
food you try to sell a private customer.
Most people will forget to praise the good
specimens if they think you are trying to
deceive them with a cull. Most of us have
heard of the fine packing of the Pacific
Coast fruit. Are there no culls in these
packages? Interested in this matter we
wrote the firm of Steinhardt & Kelley, who
for some years have handled apples from
the farmers of the Hood River region.
Their answer follows, and it is worth the
attention of any fruit grower.
First you would like to know if the
packing of the Hood River apples is
so perfect that we accept them without
close investigation. Not only do we ac¬
cept them without close investigation,
but we accept them without any investi¬
gation whatever, leaving the entire mat¬
ter up to the Hood River Apple Grow¬
ers’ Union, a body of men with about
nine directors under whose personal su¬
pervision all the fruit is packed and
shipped to market. Our dealings with
these men for the last three years, dur¬
ing which time we have purchased their
crop, have always been of such a straight
and upright character that we have
never had occasion or cause to doubt
their packing, and we have never been
disappointed in our business dealings
with them.
Our contract with the Hood River
Apple Growers’ Union, as represented
by their board of directors, is certainly
a very stringent one, they guaranteeing
us a perfect pack and also guaranteeing
that every apple in every box is abso¬
lutely perfect. We have handled sev¬
eral hundred thousand boxes, and never
have we found ourselves in condition to
make a single complaint against their
pack. It is as near perfect as human
ingenuity and honesty of endeavor can
make it; in fact we shall be glad to
have you drop in our place of business at
any time and take a box of fruit from
any heap, and you will find that every
box is practically identical, and that
every apple is absolutely perfect, whether
you open the top, bottom or side of any
package. This is more than we have
been able to say for any large pack of
fruit that we have ever contracted for.
Referring to your second question.
The very best fruit from the Hood
River country is purchased by us on
f. o. b. basis, Hood River, and although
of course the prices are not exactly
public property, still we may tell you
that they average somewhere around
$2.25 a box there. Of course you under¬
stand that a box of fruit will cost us a
great deal more, as the freight from
Hood River to New York is on an aver¬
age of 60 cents a box. Regarding your
question whether it were possible for
a number of individuals who are not con¬
nected with this association to do busi¬
ness on the same plan as that of the
Association, suffice it to say that if you
can get a number of honest men who
are also good business men together,
they could do just as well as the Hood
River Apple Growers’ Union.
Regarding your endeavor to encourage
Eastern fruit growers to put up a pack¬
age as good as that of the West, suffice
it to say that this could be done just
as well in the East as in the West if
you can get enough, as we stated be¬
fore, honest men who will pack hon¬
estly. The whole thing in a nutshell is
simply and purely a business proposi¬
tion. You no doubt know that the
Eastern barrel pack, to say the least,
leaves a great deal to be desired. Y ou
know that there are usually three or
four good tiers on top and the rest is
<THE RURAL N PC W -YORKER
a lot of inferior goods. This is the
reason why the public is now turning
toward the box apple to take the place
of the barrel and it is the writer's per¬
sonal opinion that it will only be a few
years when the barrel apple will be
practically out of use for the better
class of trade, owing to no other reason
than dishonest methods employed in
packing.
The entire matter is simply one of
honesty and quality. Fruit can be had
just as good in the East as in the West,
and we see no reason why the Eastern
grower can’t get just as much for his
goods as the Western grower, if he will
only make up his mind to one absolute
fact, and that is that he has got to be
honest, and that if he thinks he can fool
the people all the time by putting up a
fake barrel of apples he is making a big
mistake. steinhardt & kelley.
LIME -SULPHUR AND OYSTER -SHELL
SCALE.
G. M. II., Charlotte, Vt. — Will spraying
with lime-sulphur before buds open kill
Oyster-shell scale?
Ans. — Yes, spraying with lime-sul¬
phur as a dormant spray will kill
Oyster-shell scale, and yet I feel that
this answer should be qualified. The
Oyster-shell louse has a different life
history from the San Jose scale, which
never lays eggs, but gives forth young.
So in this case there is always a young
insect under the scale which it secretes
itself after settling on a limb. On the
other hand, during the dormant season
there are always eggs under scales of
the Oyster-shell louse laid by the adult
and covered by her, and they remain
eggs until the hatching season during late
Spring, when they crawl forth, mature,
lay eggs and cover them. No contact
insecticide is as effective against the
egg as against the insect. For this
reason one application of lime-sulphur is
not always sufficient to eradicate Oyster-
shell bark louse, be it ever so thorough.
But where regular sprayings with lime-
sulphur are made the Oyster-shell louse
disappears entirely in two or three years.
And the lime-sulphur is easier to use, and
much more practical than any of the
soap or emulsion sprays used or recom¬
mended for a Summer spray, which are
unreliable and dangerous at best, be¬
cause of the poor quality of many soaps,
and of the generally poor emulsion made
by those who have not had some ex¬
perience in preparation. w. H.
Peach Trees for Fillers,
C. II. B., Moliegan Lake, A. Y. — Is the
practice of using peach trees for fillers
among apple trees a good one?
Ans. — The matter of using peach
trees as fillers in apple orchards, that the
spaces between the apple trees may be
utilized until they come to profitable age,
is very fine in theory but not in prac¬
tice. 1 know that some fruit growers do
not agree with this view, and not only
advise others to do it, but do it them¬
selves, and I do not say that there are
not cases in which it has succeeded. But
I started out in my own orcharding
with this idea, and planted one orchard
that way, but my experience was so
disastrous that 1 dug up the peach trees
and decided never to commit that folly
again. * I have been looking at other or¬
chards planted with peach fillers ever
since, up to this year, from the Atlantic
to the Pacific, and I cannot recall an
instance in which the plan worked well.
The apple trees finally become stunted
in some degree and sometimes very
badly, because the peach trees are far
more rampant growers than the apple
trees. Within the last few months I
have visited hundreds of orchards _ in
the famous fruit regions of the Pacific
Coast, from British Columbia to Ari¬
zona, and one of the worst features no¬
ticed was the injury to apple orchards
interplanted with peach fillers. Many of
the growers had pulled out the peach
trees, others had their minds made up
to do it, and a few with whom I talked
were undecided. The proportion of
newly set orchards with peach fillers is
much less than of the older ones. Early
bearing apple trees are as profitable for
fillers as peach trees, although they do
not come into bearing as soon. Let an
apple orchard be an apple orchard en¬
tirely and plant peach trees by them¬
selves. The two do not need the same
culture or spraying, and often this causes
trouble. h. e. van deman.
Over half a century of fair dealing has civcnour products that
prominence which merit deserves. Everything of the best for
Orchard, Vineyard, Lawn, Park,
Street, Garden and Greenhouse
Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Roses, Shrubs, Small Trees, Etc.
by mall postpaid— safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Forthese
send for Catalog No. 2, 168 pages. Hundreds of carloads of Fruit
and Ornamental Trees, Evergreens, Shrubs, Hardy Roses, etc.
Catalog No. 1 for these. 112 pages. Both FREE. Immense stock of
SUPERB CANNAS, the queen of bedding plants. Acres of Paeonias
and other Hardy Perennials. Direct deal will insure you the
best and save you money. 57 years. 44 greenhouses. 1.200 acres.
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Box 157* Painesvllle, O.
VISIT OUR
EXHIBIT OF
EASTERN GROWN APPLES
UNTIL FEB.
1st, 1911
We have on exhibit during January at the Reading Terminal Market, Philadelphia, car loads
of Eastern grown apples — Winesap, Ben Davis, York Imperial, Stayman’s Winesap, Albemarle
Pippin and others to show what can be grown in the East. George H. McKay, mgr. of exhibit
We • ... . - - - -
also have a car load of fruit and ornamental trees showing
WE HAVE AT OUR NURSERIES
we can grow trees.
100,000 GRAPE VINES— Concord and Moore's Early
200,000 PEACH TREES-100 varieties
200,000 APPLE TREES— 100 varieties. 1 and 2 years
50,080 PEAR TREES— 1, 2 and 3 years
50,000 CHERRY TREES— 1 and 2 years
and a large acreage of other shade and ornamental trees all of
which are in fine condition and ready for immediate shipment
Can we talk business? If you intend planting stock in the
spring, won’t you kindly fill out the attached coupon and
mail same to us today! Y ou do not place yourself under any
obligations whatever by doing this, but I should be glad to
have the opportunity of giving yon our prices.
New catalogue on how to grow fruit in the East FREE
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Berlin, Md.
20,000 PLUM TREES— 1 and 2 years
500,000 CALIFORNIA PRIVET— sB trades
10,000,000 STRAWBERRY PLANTS
100,000 NORWAY MAPLES
100,000 NORWAY SPRUCE
.10 VALUABLE FARMS FOB SALE.
HARRISON’S
Name _
Town _
State
NURSERIES. Berlin, Md.
County
terested in the following for spring planting: |
_ 1 am in-
FRUIT TREES
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry and
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.
Wood’s Seeds
For The
farm and Garden
have an established reputation
extending over thirty years, be¬
ing planted and used extensively
by the best Farmers and Garden¬
ers throughout the Middle and
Southern States.
Wood’s New for 1911 will
Seed Catalog ^rmy°e £
to what crops and seeds to plant
for success and profit. Our pub¬
lications have long been noted
for the full and complete infor¬
mation which they give.
Catalog mailed free on
request. Write for it.
T. W. WOOD O SONS,
Seedsmen, - Richmond, Va.
J Cabbage Seed — We sup-j
r ply largest growers in U.S.Y
Cauliflower — Danish^
grown, large, fertile seed. '
Onion Sead-No cleaner, truer seed.
Cucumber Seed — White as chalk. _
Also pedigreed Peas, Beana and Swoel Corn. About
H usual prices. We sell direct— no middlemen. Write.
FORREST SEED CO., Box 32 Cortland, H.Y.
ONION SEED
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg, Flat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
- THEILMANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA. -
FRUIT
TREES
Pear*. Bartlett, Seckel and others.
Fine, healthy trees. Cherries and
PIums,all best varieties. Peaches,
grown from buds from bearing trees. Also Grapes
and Currants in any quantity. General big advance
in prices this year owing to great demand for fruit
trees in northwest. Our prices have not advanced.
Get wholesale prices direct from us and $1 Lot Oilers.
Save § to J. Free Catal og. W rite to-day.
W. P. KCPEBT &. SON, Box 30 Seneca, N. Y.
Also Breeders of Prize Hampshire Sheep
Black’s Peach Trees-1911
.* y'iVriV’l^eac^ Trees are one of our specialties — we ■
grow for quality and not quantity alone. Our
x trees, however, cost little, if any, more than the
ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but seljj
a* #25 direct, saving middleman’s profits.* r | ■ *
New booklet, “Springtime ^‘^VulUSDlfi
* Harvest for the Fruit-grower,” free.j |
Joseph H. Black, Son & Go.
Box V, Hightstown, New Jersey^ j. f J-gg
FRUIT, SHADE and ORNAMENTAL
TREES, SHRUBS and ROSES
A Large Stock of the Finest Quality. Also
a Full Line of the BEST Spray Pumps, and
Spray Material. Prices Low and Satisfac¬
tion Guaranteed. We Deal Direct with
our Customers. Write for Price List.
CALL’S NUKSEKIKS, Perry, Ohio.
This
ValuableBook
It’s valuable because it tells vou
how to obtain the highest grade
fruit and ornamental trees, vines
and plants and save the agent s
commission.
We are offering some great bargains for this
Spring’s planting and you owe it to yoursclr to
send us your name and address so we can place
the book in your hands.
We grow our own stock and guarantee it
ALLEN L. WOOD, Woodlawn Nurseries
567 Culver Road, Rochester, N. Y.
C7C ftftft apple and
PEACH trees
Our prices are 50 per cent less than you
nay agents and dealers. I localise in
buying direct from the growers you
SAVE TWO PROFITS
and run no risk. Every tree as repre¬
sented. True to name. Fresh dug.
Personal attention given each order.
2 Apple Trees J g““r.£t
postpaid for 25 cents.
Everybody send for Free catalogue.
Maloney Bros. & Wells,
Box 13 , Dansvllle, N. Y.
■ 1
T^r
ferry:
CC E To grow the fln-
wj est flowers and
most luscious
r vegetables, plant the best
seeds. Ferry’s Seeds are best
because they never fall In yield
or quality. The best garden¬
ers and farmers everywhere
know Ferry’s seeds to be the
highest standard of quality
yet attained. For sale
everywhere.
[FERRY’S 1911 Seed Annual
Free on request
0. M. FERRY A CO,
DETROIT, MICK.
850,000
1
GRAPEVINES
61* Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best Root¬
ed Slock, Genuine, cheap, S , ample vines mailed for 10c. Desc.
price-list free. LKU IS llOESCli U SOJi. Bos K, Eredonls, ». T.
EDIIIT TDCCC Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries,
ftlUl I I tltlELO Peaches, Small Fruits, Shrubs,
Roses. Finest Stock. Low
Prices. Free Catalogue. Write us before you buy.
J.Faerber Frultiand Nurseries. 303 Winton Rd.N.,Roohester,N.Y.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
^ELERTMCID^URSERIES^esi^JUlajuzoo^ic^
—150 ACRES, Genesee Valley
grown. “Not the cheapest, but
the best.” Never have had San
Jose Scale. Established 18C8.
rsvsTfU' vpsr GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
CATALOG FREE 20 Maple St., Dansville, H. Y.
TREES
"WXT X Jk »l | a few good customers for
\A/ A |\| I r | lour unexcelled Trees,
" Shrubs and Plants.
We want your custom and you want our goods.
. Send for our FREE catalog.
The Rochester Nurseries, Rochester, N.Y.
1911
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
til
COMBINATION HENHOUSE.
I am interested in the poultry plant
described on page 1106 by R. Thomas, of
New Jersey. The cut shows only the yard,
which I understand easily enough, but it
describes three poultry houses each 4x4
feet for roosting, laying and feeding. Are
these houses joined together or separate?
The article says the sections (of yards I
suppose) could be placed end to end, but
that each house should have one or more
sections between them. How could they if
the sections are end to end? I would like
to have you explain how the houses are
arranged and any other particulars that
are not apparent in the article in ques¬
tion. T. A. H.
Fergus Falls, Minn.
In the diagram, A show run 4x16;
B roosting houses, 4x4 ; C laying houses.
Fertilizing Value of Flat Turnips.
We sowed our first Cow-horn turnips this
year in our early sweet corn ; they were
extra nice. We had five acres of Purple-
tops, but the season was against them.
There are about 300 bushels on the ground
to the a'cre that are too small for sale. Ho
you think they will do the land as much
good as the Cow-horn? It makes me sick
to read about high cost of living; the
prices to farmers around Syracuse are not
higher than they have been in 10 or 12
years, except meat, but you can hive no
one to work except Italians, and we have
to draw them from the city. e. s.
New York,
The Cow-horn turnips are superior be¬
cause they make a long tap root and work
the soil deeply. The flat turnips add con¬
siderable humus to the soil and help it.
B ’
B
B
B :
A
C
C
■ A .
A
C
D
A
3
■ B-
B
■B
A
4x4 ; D dry mash house, 4x4. Cut holes
to admit fowls at X in each house.
Each vertical line on the plan is the
end of each run or house and each
house or run can be moved as if the
plan was a line of store boxes; they are
not fastened in any way. The reason
the houses are 4x4 is that they can be
moved by one man or boy, or even a
woman, and being built of one-inch
boards would be too heavy if made
larger. Also the beginner can start
with 16 hens, one run, one roosting
house and one laying house, and increase
as he wishes. The outside shape and
size of all houses are the same. E
shows nests, F dry mash. Make hole,
X, in diagram large enough to admit
light, but not large enough to admit
rain on the mash. r. thomas.
New Jersey.
KILLING OUT HORSERADISH.
On page 1160 G. W. B., DeRuyter,
N. Y., asks what will kill horseradish.
I have a small field on my farm that
had horseradish in it. I tried to ex¬
terminate it, but failed; tried to dig it
out, but that only seemed to subdue it.
Then I tried salt on the crown as recom¬
mended by T. M. White, and that did
not kill it ; then I used hot brine, which
failed to kill it. Finally I bought a
small flock of sheep. We pastured this
field with the sheep because it was near
the house and we could protect the
sheep from dogs. I was surprised to
see the sheep eat the horseradish ; they
kept it nipped off close to the ground.
The next season we pastured the sheep
in the same field, not knowing then the
sheep would destroy horseradish, but
they did ; they kept it nipped off close
to the ground. The second year the
result was they killed every root of
horseradish. j. f. e.
Minaville, N. Y. •
R. N.-Y. — Close pasturing with sheep
will kill off many plants, including crab
grass.
Finish for Oak Floor.
C. 8. B., Clifton Springs, N. Y. — Would
you give me the best method and proper
material used in filling and finishing new
floors in natural wood, especially oak, both
in preparing and varnishing and also in
polishing?
Ans. — Fill with a paste filler, allow
same to stand one-half hour, or long
enough to dry, then rub off with excel¬
sior or burlap. Be sure to rub off across
the grain, so as not to pull the filler out
of the pores of the wood. Let floor
stand for 2.4 hours, putty holes and then
apply a thin coat of white shellac. When
hard face off with No. o sandpaper. Next
'apply a coat of floor wax, let same stand
until dry, and then polish with a twenty-
live pound weighted floor brush. If high
polish is desired put on second coat of
wax, and after polishing with brush fin¬
ish by polishing with flannel or tapestry
carpet placed under the brush. Paste
tiller or floor wax can be obtained from
any paint manufacturer or dealer. If
a stain is desired color the filler to the
required shade before applying. h. h.
ROOST
ROOST
1 2 3
COMBINATION HENHOUSE. Fig. 26.
The chemists tell us that turnips contain
but little actual plant food, but they show
themselves in the following crops.
Potash for Fruit.
Some time ago I complained about my
Campbell’s Early grapes. After that I dug
out the worst and applied a heavy dress¬
ing of muriate of potash, and in spite of
the fact that they suffered severely from
late frosts, they made a great gain in
wood growth over the previous season. All
kinds of fruit (barring grapes) did well
where the trees had proper care, and it
seems to me from what I have learned
the past two seasons, that plenty of potash
is a very necessary adjunct. l. f.
It depends much upon the soil. The
lighter soils lack potash and also some
heavier soils which have been cropped a
long time. It is true that potash acts as a
form of tonic or medicine for many plants,
particularly trees, and such crops as po¬
tatoes or sugar beets.
Sprouted Oats. — Little chickens like
sprouted oats so much that if they have
plenty of other feed before them, they will,
upon the approach of any one, come out
of the brooder in the dusk of evening and
fill in on sprouted oats till their little
crops are as hard as stone, and they cer¬
tainly grow, but there are difficulties in
the work, as good quality oats are hard
to get. and in cold weather it can’t be done.
Milford, Conn. s. k.
Sumach. — To exterminate sumach the
sprouts must be cut every Fall. I find
the best time is from August 15 to time of
hard frosts. Last year I had some spare
time the first of July, so cut some sprouts,
but on that piece there are two sprouts
where I cut one, about one foot high, ready
to make a good growth next season. Had
I waited till Fall the result would have
been much better I think. Last Fall I
went over 30 acres with corn knife.
Where it was the fifth year I have been
over the ground the sprouts were scatter¬
ing and small, but the sprouts on ground
cut over last year for the first time were
from three to six feet high, so it was
about like cutting corn. I have had more
trouble with sumach on new land than
with any other shrub. Had I taken it in
time before it got such a start I could
have kept it down with much less work.
Tioga Co., N. Y. m. d. c.
It. N.-Y. — We have often explained the
theory of this late cutting. The bushes
grow until late Summer. Then the roots
are exhausted, growth stops, and the roots
lay in material for next season’s growth.
If they are cut in August the roots start
in to make a feeble growth, and cannot at
the same time fit themselves for another
season.
Arch for Boiling Sat. — I would like in¬
formation regarding how to build an arch
for boiling maple sap. Last year I
purchased a complete boiling outfit, which
proved a bad failure. This failure I
think was due to the arch having sloping
sides, the grate width being much less
than the pan. Although we had good dry
sound wood and slack coal and experienced
firemen we could not evaporate more than
about half as much water as claimed for
it. With a brick furnace with the same
pan surface we could nearly double the
quantity. I have been told that an evapo¬
rator will not evaporate as fast as a plain
pan. Is there any truth in this statement?
The best arch I ever used was made of
brick, and was two feet deep back of the
grates. No fire blazed out of the top of
the chimney, while the iron arch fire
blazed out much of the time. We tried
various ways of checking the draft, with
the effect of checking the boiling. I pro¬
pose to build a new arch, and I want a
good one. I have 400 good trees. Please
give dimensions of pan. h. s.
Ohio.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
A PERFECT STAND
Of potato*! ia what yon will fat with food
aaed and on Iron Age Planter. It plant# 100
per cent, without misses or doubles or In¬
jury to the seed. Every seed piece placed.
Just right, at eren spaces and covered uni¬
formly. The boy pays lor bis labor 10 to 20
times over, and the planter pays for itaelf—
ask any user. With or without fertilizer distributor.
Farm and
Garden Tools
have "made food” and proven their
superiority for 75 years. 8and
postal to day for our Anni¬
versary Catalog— it tells all
about our Potato Plautars,
Cultivators, Diggers, Spray¬
ers, Garden Tools, Wheel ___
Hoes. Drills, etc., and ia
f SSI Don't delay.
BATEMAN M*P*0 GO.
BOX 1036 a REN LOCH. N. J.
v« waaasvi
IRON ME
Save Time and Seed
fly Using the 50 Year
Old World’s Standard
GAHOON
SEED
SOWER
Guaranteed to do more and better broadcast work
with any kind of grain or grass seed than any other
Seed Sower. Saves time and labor; givesblggercrops.
Pays for itself many times over yearly, although it
i s the highest priced sower. Made of iron, steel and
brass. Lasts a lifetime. If your dealer cannot supply
we will deliver the Cahoon to any express
office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of $4.
(Seed Sowers’ Manual tells how to save seed and
get bigger crops. It’s free. Send for it.
GOODELL CO,, 14 Main St.. Antrim, N. H.
48 Million Shortage
Government statistics show there were 48,000,000 bush¬
els less of potatoes grown in the United States last
year than in 1900. This witli increasing population
must necessarily make a larger demand for potatoes
in 1911. No crop as a
Money Maker
equals it. and the information showing bow to grow
for profit will be mailed absolutely free to any one
asking for it. Our president has devoted over fifty
years to the study of potato culture and the manufac¬
ture of machinery for handling the crop in all stages.
ASPINWALL MANUFACTURING CO.
437 Sabin Street, Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.
World*** Oldest and Largest Makers of Potato Machinery.
How to Save Half on
Your Tire Cost
Here are tires which, until lately, cost 20% more than the ordinary.
All because they can t rim-cut, and because they are oversize. Now
these same tires, which save half on one’s tire bills, cost no extra price.
We have sold half a million Good¬
year No-Rim-Cut tires at 20 per
cent more than the price of other
standard tires. Last year our tire
sales trebled— jumped to $8,500,000.
All because the tires can’t rim-
cut, and because Goodyear tires are
10 per cent oversize.
Now these same tires — No-Rim-
Cut tires — tires 10 per cent oversize
— cost no extra price. Our multi¬
plied output has cut the cost of pro¬
duction. All motor car owners
should insist on them now.
We have run them flat in a hundred tests
as far as 20 miles. Yet there has never
been a single instance of rim-cutting.
The Cause of Rim-Cutting
The above picture shows how aa ordinary
tire— a clincher tiro— fits this same standard
rim. The removable rim flanges must be turned
to face inward— to grasp hold of the hooks in
the tire. That is how the tires are held on.
Note how that thin edge of the rim flange
digs into the# tire. That is what causes rim-cut-
ting. That is how tires are wrecked beyond
repair if you run them flat, even for a few
hundred feet.
That rim-cutting ruins more automobile tire*
than any other single cause.
How to Avoid It
The difference is simply this: In the Good¬
year No-Rim-Cut tires there are 6iS braided
piano wires run through the baso on each side.
That makes the base unstretchable. The tire
can’t creep on the rim, and nothing can pos¬
sibly force it over the rim.
When these tires are inflated the braided
wires contract. They are then held to the rim
by a pressure of 131 pounds to the inch.
That is why Goodyear No-Rim-Out tires don’t
need to bo hooked to the rim. The rim (lunges
can be turned to hook outward, and you can’t
rim-cut the tire.
Other makers, to meet our competition, run
a single wire through the base. Or they use a
hard rubber base. But neither plan will do.
The braided wires, which contract under air
pressure, are absolutely essential to a safo hook¬
less tiro. And we control that feuture.
Goodyear Tires 10% Oversize
They supply the tire size to support that'Ioad
t they rarely leave any margin. They cannol
The 63 Braided Wires
No Rim-Cutting
The picture shows how a Goodyear No-
Rim-Cut tire fits any standard rim for
quick-detachable tires. Also de¬
mountable rims.
Note that the rim flanges —
which are removable— are turned
to hook outward with No-Rim-
Cut tires. There are no hooks
on the tire base to hook into this
flange, as there are on other tires.
The rounded flange comes
next to the tire casing, and rim¬
cutting is made impossible. Half
a million of these tires have been
used.
Here is another feature which, with the
.average car, saves 25% on the tire bills.
The Goodyear— while it fits the rim— gives yon
10% more tire for your money. That means
10% more carrying capacity. It means, with
average conditions, 26% more mileage per tire.
The reason is this:
Motor car makers, in adopting tire sizes, fig¬
ure on the weight of tho car as they sell it and
the weight of the passengers at 150 pounds each.
but they rarely leave any margin.' They cannot
afford to at the present prices for cars.
You may udd a top, a glass front, gas lamps,
gas tank, an extra tire, etc. And passengers
may over- weigh. With nine cars in ten the ex¬
pected load is exceeded. The result is a blow¬
out— often while tho tire is new. Overloading,
with the average car, odds 25% to the tire cost.
We Save That 25%
When you specify Goodyear No-
Itim-Out tires you get 10% oversize
without extra cost. That prevents
overloading. It adds, on the average,
one-fourth to the tire mileage.
We give yon this extra size without
extra cost to protect our reputation.
When tires are wrecked by overload¬
ing. one naturally blames the tire
maker. Wo wish to avoid that blame.
Thero are many other things you
gain when you specify Goodyear No-
Rim- Cut tiros. Tbeyareall told inour
book. "Hoiv to Select an Automobile
Tire.” Ask us to send it to you.
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 59th St., Akron, O.
WE MAKE ALL KINDS OF RUBBER TIRES
Branches and Agencies in All the Principal Cities
THE RURA& NEW-YORKER
January- 21,
62
ALFALFA A GOOD TEACHER.
What it Taught in 1910.
First, that one bushel of clean seed
oats sown as a nurse crop for Alfalfa
seeding will raise 30 to 50 bushels of
oats to the acre, this according to the
strength and condition of the soil. Sec¬
ond, judging from the above, hereafter
I do not intend to sow more than two
bushels of oats to the acre at any time,
or on any kind of soil. Third, that it
is useless to sow a peck of Alfalfa seed
to the acre, as I have failed to get a
stand sowing a peck, and have suc¬
ceeded in getting a stand sowing four
pounds to the acre. Fourth, to sow no
other kind of grass seed at all where you
sow Alfalfa. If you need more seed sow
Alfalfa seed. Fifth, in fertilizing Al¬
falfa land guard against grass or weed
seed in the fertilizer. Sixth, that disking
Alfalfa is apt to cut off the crowns of the
plant, and when this is done that is the
end of that plant’s life. Even a splitting
of the crowns with me has proved in¬
jurious. I have used the harrow at cer¬
tain times with good effect, but believe
that surface cultivation can be done with
a better implement than either a disk
or harrow.
While we never inoculated our soil
we found that after the second year the
soil was self-inoculated ; nodules were
quite numerous on the plants in 1910.
One of the most important things about
starting Alfalfa is' a soil free from weed
or grass seed. My experience is that the
best time is right after oat seeding in
the Spring. Alfalfa, like Red clover,
will stand a light freeze even after it
has come up. Practically a better way
would be to sow alone and clip it two
or three times during the season with a
mower. Do not expect too much from
the first crop.
Slower starting in the Spring, Alfalfa
overtakes all the native grasses by the
middle of June, when the first crop is
ready to cut. While the first crop yields
the best, it is the sickliest looking crop
of the season. After the first cutting
Alfalfa grows thrifty and is beautiful in
appearance, a bluish dark green folliage
and thrifty growth. The second crop
will do to cut the last of July, third
crop last of August or first of September.
It is best to leave the fourth crop on
the ground for Winter protection and
it makes the plant more hardy. It is
a positive advantage to cut the crop three
times during the season, whether you
get much or little, for it is by cutting
and surface cultivation that the plant
is made vigorous and productive from
year to year, and is enabled to retain
a foothold on the soil to the detriment of
other grasses that are native and would
crowd it out were it not for the above
precautions. millard horton.
Hancock Co.. Ill.
Beans in a Young Orchard.
<?. M. H., Vermont. — Which is the best
crop to raise in young orchard (best for
orchard), corn, beans, or potatoes?
Ans. — Of the three crops mentioned
we would choose beans. Corn unless it
be a dwarf kind, grows too high and will
shade the young trees. Corn is a rank
feeder and sometimes robs the orchard
of food and drink. Potatoes are good,
provided they are well fed; but the
trouble with the late crops is that dig¬
ging gives very late cultivation or work¬
ing of the soil. This stimulates a late
growth, which is tender and may be
killed in Winter. Beans make a good
growth and add some nitrogen to the
soil. They permit good culture and
clover or rye can be seeded among them
at the last cultivation. The vines are
excellent to pile around the trees.
“The Cull in the Package.”
One of the brightest and most telling
talks at the New York Fruit Growers’
meeting in Rochester was given by Mrs.
Florence Cornwall, of Wayne Co., N. Y.
The writer had spoken of the damage done
to New York State fruit by poor packing,
and had advised young men to marry
school teachers if they could get one to
overlook their deficiencies. Mrs. Cornwall
said :
“Perhaps the reason I am here this
morning is because my husband followed
the advice of Mr. Collingwood and married
a school teacher, and it is hard to stop
talking all at once. We heard yesterday
afternoon and evening a serious and stren¬
uous scoring of the western New York
‘state apple. By strong implication the
grower of the western New York State
apple was blamed. We were reminded of
all our advantages, of the expert advice
which we are receiving in these meetings,
and plainly asked, Where are your re¬
sults? Now do you think this is fair?
I know it isn’t in Wayne County. We
raise fine apples. We are on the laek
shore. We have every advantage of cli¬
mate, soil, theory and experience. We
ought to raise fine apples and we do. Is
it the grower’s fault? Should we be
blamed for the present reputation which
the western New York apple has in Ro¬
chester? I say no, and for this reason. In
Wayne County 95 per cent of the apples
are bought by dealers, operators, specula¬
tors. He buys them orchard run. He
does much of the packing and oversees the
rest himself. He labels the fruit. It is
just like this: Last year a dealer offered
us 80 cents a bushel orchard run. When
we said $3 a barrel he laughed and went
away. But he bought our neighbors’
apples, took them to storage. During the
Winter he repacked them with the co¬
operation of a New York commission man,
packed them so loosely that he made about
20 extra barrels out of his 8,000 barrels,
put in two bushels of fairly good apples,
one bushel on the bottom, one bushel on
top, filled in the middle with cider apples.
Some of these which we brought home as
a curiosity were the size of cherries. He
said : ‘In New York City they only pay
for two bushels of good apples. What is
the use of putting in three?’
“He shipped his first carload to his
friend in New York City, got .$3.75 a barrel,
while we and others who packed their own
fruit and packed it fair and honest got
$5.50. His second car dropped 50 cents a
barrel, the third 25 cents more, in spite of
the efforts of his friend to keep up the
price. In the end he lost a great deal of
money. He also lost Incidentally or did
his best to lose the reputation of the west¬
ern New York State apple. It went into
the middle of the barrel with the culls.
“How is it with Monroe County? Where
are the fine pears which are grown in this
vicinity? We know the*e are none finer in
the United States. Are they sold in Ro¬
chester? I would like to ask the Cham¬
ber of Commerce of Rochester to give us
the names of dealers in Rochester who will
buy No. 1 fruit. Don’t you think some of
these dealers are hiding behind the poor
pack, the cull in the the barrel, as an
excuse for not paying what good fruit is
worth? And perhaps they put a pile of
muddy New York State apples on the
floor of their stores in order to sell by
contrast the western box apple.”
This Beautiful New Rose
The
Climbing
American
Beauty
1 was originated by
us — a cross be¬
tween the Ameri¬
can Beauty and
the seedling of
one of our hardy
climbing roses.
The result is a
rose as beautiful
_ _ and exquisitely
fragrant as the American Beauty, with
blooms 3 to 4 inches in diameter — but it is
hardy as an oak, of strong habit of
growth, a perfect mass of bloom in June.
The Climbing American Beauty will grow
wherever a climbing or pillar rose will —
why not in your garden ? We will sell
year-old plants of this wonderful new rose
at $2.00 each— mailed, postpaid, to any
address on receipt of amount. Write for
folder giving full particulars.
Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Company
West Chester, Pa.
SAVE MONEY^FRUIT PLANTS
Healthy, northern-grown stock, which will produce
money-making crops. Strawberry. Raspberry Black¬
berry, Currant. Grape Plants. Etc
READ OUR GUARANTEE
Every plant we ship is guaranteed to be first class
and true to name, packed to reach you in good grow¬
ing condition (by express), and please you. or your
money back. ...
You can make big money growing good berries,
but you cannot expect to grow good fruit by planting
and replanting small inferior stock.
Our plants are all grown on new ground (this being
the first crqp) and are large, heavy rooted and free
from disease. .
We grow them by the million on our own ground
and know what we are selling. That is why our busi¬
ness has nearly doubled every year for the past
_■ twenty-two years. _ . .
We can save you money on 100 plants or a car load. Our large illustrated catalogue
is instructive and is free to all fruit growers Write for it today
O. A. D. BALDWIN, R. D. 14, Bridgman, Mich.
Kellogg
Plants
“Mrs. Gaswell, while you were in
Venice did you see the bridge of sighs?”
“Oh, yes, I saw what they called that,
but, my land, I’ve seen bridges ten times
its size without ever going out of Penn¬
sylvania.” — Chicago T ribune.
Seeds, Plants, Roses,
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, etc.
Hundreds of car lots of
FRUIT and ORNA-
MENTAL TREES. 1,200
acres, 50 in hardy Roses,
none better grown. 44green-
houses of Palms, Ferns,
Ficus, Geraniums and
other things too numerous
to mention. Seeds, Plants,
Bulbs, Roses, Small Trees, etc., by mall, post¬
paid. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Immense stock of SUPERB CANNAS, the
queen of bedding plants. Acres of Paeonias and
other Perennials. 50 choice collections cheap in
Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc. Elegant 168 -page
Catalog FREE. Send for it today and see what
values we give for your money. Direct deal will
Insure you the best at first cost. 57 years. (11)
The Storrs & Harrison Go., Box 156, Paines ville,0.
Will Yield $500 to $800 per Acre
rpHE Kellogg 1911 strawberry book is the most
A complete treatise on strawberry growing ever
written. It tells the farmer how to grow big
crops of big, red strawberries and how t~> sell
them at big prices. No matterwhereyonliveor
what kind of soil you have, this book will tell you
how to prepare your soil, what varieties to set,
and how to manage the plants to insure best
results. One acre of Kellogg Thoroughbred
ilants grown the Kellogg way will yield $500 to
,800. Get this beautifully illustrated 64-page
book and learn how easy It is to grow straw¬
berries for market or home use. It’s free.
B. M. KELLOGG COMPANY, Box 480 Throe Rivers, Mlcb.
WHOLESALE PRICES
i Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry,
irrant, Asparagus and Grape Plants, Heavy Rooted,
High Grade Stock. 19th Annual Catalogue Free.
A. R. WESTON & CO„ R. 8 Bridgman, Mlcb.
Bumper Crops of
STRAWBERRIES
in Mid-Summer
and Late Fall.
Send for Catalogue.
T. C. KEVITT
Athenia N.u
STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT CROW
All Standard Varieties. Also RASPBERRY. BLACKBERRY,
CURRANT and GRAPE Flams and ASPARAGUS Roots in
I ASSORTMENT. WARRANTED T RUE-TO-N AM E, and of
GRADE represented; Catalog with Cultural Instructions FREE,
[p E WHITTEN. BOX 11, BRIDGMAN. MICHIGAN.
SCARFF’S K&Vs
of
1000 acres devoted to the
growing
Scarff’s fruiting strains of small fruit
plants, fruit trees, farm seeds, garden
roots, etc. Our free catalog will surely
please and save you money.
W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio
Drop a card for
FLANSBURG H’S
STRAWBERRY CATALOG
for 1911. Reliable, interesting and instruc¬
tive. HIGHLAND, ST. LOUIS, GOLDEN GATE
and all the best varieties. Address
C. N. FLANSBURGH & SON
JACKSON, MICH.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
200 Acres ofThem. I Grow Nothing Else
I do not run a nursery —or seed business •
I devote all my time to Strawberry
Plant:- I personally superintend my
farm, .'very plant guaranteed 44 true to
namo*4'* Plants grown in Natural Straus
berry Climate ; 'soil right, too. Strong
rooted, prolific bearers. Prices right. Get
my 1911 Catalog. Write to-day. — NOW.
W. W. THOMAS, file Strawbemr Plant Man. 25GMaln St., Anns, III.
CTRAWBERRY PLANTS — All the 1 eadlng and money making
O varieties ready to ship now. D. ROD WAY, Hartly.Del.
PAPER POTS
-Three-inch, $1 .25 a 1,000;
— . — - - four-inch, $1.75 a 1,000.
P. B. CROSBY & SON, Catonsville, Md.
Three rousing big crops of
SALZER’S
Alfalia
We have sold enough of
this seed to sow half-a-
million acres and
every purchaser
has been enthu¬
siastic about it.
Ex-Gov. W. IX
Hoard of Wiscon¬
sin writes “I like ^
the quality of your
Alfalfa Clover very *
much. On 30 acres
I raised over
$2500 worth of
Alfalfa Hay.
There is no
better money
crop that I
know of." --=•»>-- — -
You sow Salzer’s Northern Grown Alfalfa and
get three rousing big crops, in May, July and
August, besides having the best of pastures. It
will do this on any farm America where
Timothy will grow. Get full particulars. A\iite
for our 1911 catalog. It’s free.
0
10 PACKETS OF
FARM SEEDS
10*1
Here’s our great trial collection at one cent
a package, composed of Spellz, the cereal and
hay wonder, Silver King Barley, a world beater with
173 bu. per acre, Bonanza Oaf — s won four farms in
1910 — biggest sworn to yield 259 Bushels per acre.
Billion Dollar Grass, the ten ton grass wonder,
Salzer's luxuriant Alfalfa, and five other packets,
allfen for 10c in stamps. Write for this collection
today and we’ll also send you a free copy of our
great 1911 catalogue.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO.
144 South 8th St., La Crosse, WIs.
ALFALFA
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from dodder. Write for tree sample
on which we Invite you to get Government testi.
This seed should produce hay at $60 per acre! an¬
nually. Free Instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
SOY BEANS
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. We
handle export grade only and can furnish erase
mixture suitable for any soils.
Wing’s Mikado, Sable
and Mongol are the
heaviest known yield-
ers. Are all our own
new varieties obtainable from ns only. Mikado
has record of 37 bu. per acre. Will grow on poor
soil and greatly Improve It. Write today for catalog.
WING SEED CO., Box 323 Mechanlcsburg. O.
CLOVER SEED
Mammoth and Medium Red Clover Seed. I buy
direct from the farmer that grows it. Will mail
you sample and quote you prices on lots of two
bushels up. M. L. WHITE, Noblksvilli:, Ind.
Choicest Cloter Seed ifiSrtS
direct from the farmer and selling direct to you
gives
money.
free C. _ _ _ _ _ _
Seeds— mostly clovers,” 10 Main St.. Marysville, O.
OFF no THAT DO NOT DISAPPOINT
■■ P* I I Sold on The Ford Plan, which guar-
BlN B IJMBantees satisfaction and sa>cs you
w ■■ ■■ w money on every purchase. Our cat¬
alog tells about it, gives descriptions and low prices on
Best varieties Garden, Flower and Field Seeds, Pota¬
toes, Bulbs, Trees, Shrubs and Small Fruit Plants. Con¬
tains lots of testimonials from our customers. It’s free.
FORD SEED CO., Dept. 24, Ravenna, Ohio.
1 AM A FARMER and have FOR BADE
STRICTLY CHOICE CLOVER SEED.
Also handle Mammoth and Alsike Clover, Timothy
and Millet Seed; Reid’s Yellow Dent, Learning,
Boon Co. White, Silver Mine and the big Silo fod¬
der Seed Corn. Please ask for samples and price.
I also buy all kinds of seed. L. F 8TOKCKER,
Farmdale or Peoria, 111. Box 17.
0ODSEEDS
SBESTINTHEWORLD
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
I give a lot of new sorts for
’ trial with every order I fill.
|A Grand Big Catalog CjlCC
: Illustrated with over EJU-Jj
700 engravings of vegetables
and flowers. Send yours and
_ _ 'your neighbors’ addresses.
EL H. SHUMWAY, Rockford. Illinois
Windmill Knocked Out
by Wonderful Farm Pump Engine
Up and
Coming 99
Fight to the Finish Between Farm
Pump Engine and Windmill
Results in Absolute Rout of
Unreliable “Wind Jammer”
Little Engine Built by Fuller & Johnson Especially
for Farm Use, Beats Windmill, to a Frazzle in
Pumping and Proves a Real Champion as a Gen¬
eral Utility Portable Power Plant for the Farmer
The Farm Pump Engine is the new champion of the farm. In a fair
fight and a fight to a finish this little engine has met the windmill on its
own ground, battled against odds and completely knocked out the unreliable
wind jammer” in every point.
Thousands of farmers have acted as referee in this “fight to a
finish. They have watched the battle closely for it meant money,
time and labor to them. These thousands of farmers unanimously
award the championship to the Fuller & Johnson Farm Pump Engine.
Ihere never was a question about who the winner would be after the
first round of the battle, for the little engine makes the windmill look
silly” at every turn. Some days when the wind blows just
right the old mill gains just a trifle in confidence, but even
at its best the wind jammer” is unable to keep up with the
Farm Pump Engine either in water pumped or work done.
} l'e little engine dances through every day’s work just as if
it were going to a country fair celebration. The windmill,
on the other hand, is always in trouble and, when not en¬
tirely out of commission, either has trouble getting along at
all or is kicked along at such high speed that it is in danger
of being wrecked at any moment.
Actual performances in thousands of test cases show
that the little F arm Pump Engine will outpump the windmill
day-in-and-day out, five to one. That’s body blow No. 1,
handed out by the new champion of the farm.
CO
LET THIS LITTLE CHAMPION DO
YOUR HARDEST WINTER WORK
Set this “hired man” to work on
your farm and know what it is to be
free from winter drudgery chores.
The Fuller & Johnson Farm Pump En¬
gine will win out in a “tight to the fin¬
ish” against the best windmill made;
save you money, time and labor and
leave you a big dividend besides. This
little engine is knocking out windmills
on hundreds of farms because it does
more real work than three windmills,
yet costs less than the price of one.
F
I
= it
fBSS *
m
im
Cm
How the Championship is Clinched
ENGINE RUNNING FANNING MILL
ENGINE RUNNING SPRAYER
This is not a complete knockout however, for the wind¬
mill puts up the defence that it pumps water without expense.
Biff! Bang! Smash! Just as the haughty windmill makes
this proud boast, along comes a thunderstorm and a bit of
a blow and the “wind jammer” breaks a gear, putting it
entirely out of commission until expensive repairs are
secured from town. These repairs cost enough, in money,
labor and time lost, to buy gasoline for the. Farm Pump
Engine for more than a year.
Hardest Worker on the Place
Here’s how the Farm Pump Engine puts in the day on
thousands of farms in every corner of the United States:
It starts to work on the pump the first thing in the morn¬
ing. A turn of the flywheel and away it goes, pumping
water at the rate of 400 to 1000 gallons per hour. It does
not take long to fill all of the water tanks in the barn, feed
lot and dairy.
Then it is unhooked from the pump and set at the task
of running the milking machine. This work over, it tackles
the job of running the cream separator or the churn. Then
“mother” uses it to run the washing machine and the
wringer and it does practically all of the work except hang¬
ing the clothes out to dry. In the afternoon there is work
to be done in the workshop. It turns the grindstone for
an hour and then it is hooked up with the
emery wheel while all the plows on the place
are sharpened and polished.
Hustles for “Mother” Too
The Madam sends out word that the wood
supply is getting low and the little portable
power plant is harnessed to the wood saw
\
Patented in U. S. A. June to, 1909. Also Domin¬
ion of Canada September 6, 1910, and other
foreign countries. Other patents applied for.
If you want to do the biggest
engine business in town, ask
for our proposition.
.while a half cord of wood is prepared
for the kitchen stove. Chore time
finds the Fuller & Johnson Engine
pumping away just as if it had not
done a tap of work all day.
The Fuller & Johnson Farm Pump
Engine will do the work of a hired
man every day in the year, summer DEALERS
or winter, ram or shine, light wind — — •
or heavy blow. It runs at full capacity for 10 hours on a few cents’
worth of gasoline. Think of it ! A hired man who takes pennies for his
pay and never kicks on long hours.
The Farm Pump Engine comes all complete. No extras to buy. It’s all
ready to go to work in 15 minutes after it is unpacked. Easy to operate.
Any child can start or stop it with safety. Compact, self-contained and
perfectly simple in construction. Made with the same care and skill as
are engines used in automobiles. Strong and sturdy, yet it weighs but
240 pounds and can be moved anywhere on the farm in a wheelbarrow.
Send for Big Free Book
Fill out coupon or send postal today for our big Free Catalog which
gives detailed information about the Fuller & Johnson Farm Pump Engine.
Do not wait until your wind-
mill is put out of commission
for the winter by the first bliz¬
zard that comes along. Write
today and let us tell you the
name of nearest dealer where
you can see this wonderful little
engine at work.
I f interested in larger engines, write
for Catalog of Fuller & Johnson Famous
Double-Efficiency Engines.
FULLER & JOHNSON MFG. CO.
ENGINE PUMPING ANU RUNNING WASHER AND CREAM SEPARATOR
Established 1840
1 ROWLEY STREET
Engine Book Coupon
FULLER & JOHNSON MFG. CO.
I Rowley Street, Madison, Wis.
Please send books checked below:
Name .
Town.
R. P, D. No.
.State.
MADISON, WIS.
( ISo)
Pump Engine Book □ |
< Double Efficiency
» ■ * ■ ■ mm ■ ■ ■ ■ la mm al
64
THAT CORN CONTEST.
Remarks from Indiana.
The proposed corn contest between the
East and the West might result in much
good to both sections. If it is true that
the East can grow over 100 bushels flint
corn per acre on their soils, long tilled,
then we of the West want to know how
they do it. We do not do so with our
large-eared dents which run from 14 to
10 ounces to the ear. If we get 80 or 90
bushels we think it a big crop. In 1875 I
told a New York farmer that the corncobs
of Western corn were larger than the ear of
flint corn, cob and all. There must have
been a great change since then in one or
the other. There are two difficulties in
the way that I hardly know how to re¬
concile. One is in setting the price mat¬
ter. Corn here is worth about 35 cents
per bushel (ear corn 68 pounds). It is
never sold shelled — always in the ear. The
other is the distance between sections
would make it very inconvenient for esti¬
mates. Yet we need something to spur
us Westerners to better farming. The
average Hoosier farmer, if put on a New
York farm that has been in. cultivation
over 100 years, would go to the wall
quickly, while the live Yankee farmer on
our rich river soils would soon have a
competence. J. h. haynes.
Indiana.
R. N.-Y. — Only one Western man (from
Iowa) has yet offered to come into the
contest. Eastern corn growers will grow
some large crops anyway. In such a con¬
test we should insist upon a scientific
test for the yield. It would not answer
to measure the yield in baskets or simply
weigh it. We are not trying to see how
much water can be stuck to a corncob.
There must be a fair amount of corn taken
as a sample, and analyzed to find the
amount of water, and then the whole thing
figured down to a basis of 12 per cent of
water and no more. That would be fair
to both sides. Many of the so-called corn
yields are guesses or weights of wet corn
without any definite standard for compari¬
son.
Kansas Is Heard From.
If The II.-N. Y. persists in her eastern
corn bluff to the Western States we may
feel under obligations to show her a thing
or two, for Kansas is considered a Western
State, though she should be in a class all
by herself. What Kansas might do under
remarkable conditions is still left for the
future historian to pen. But that she can
excel all other States in production un¬
der adverse conditions has been proven
many times beyond the school boy’s count.
We still have corn and cobs to show, with
premiums three years in succession, how a
neglected, almost abandoned piece of
ground, produced 96 bushels of corn per
acre without manure or fertilizer, with
two cultivations, and several harrowings.
Then next year adjoining 100 bushels with
one cultivation and two harrowings. This
corn was produced under very unfavorable
conditions, so much so that neighbors
planting the same day, a few rods away,
produced less than 10 bushels per acre of
very inferior stuff. This corn was sold as
seed to farmers at $1 per bushel, but we
charged bankers $1.50 and had orders we
refused to fill as far off as Oklahoma. Now
Is it all climate. State, soil or conditions?
But isn’t there something in “the man be¬
hind the gun?” Just as you will find in
those great milk records, it isn’t all of tho
cow’s doings. john e. hinshaw.
Kansas.
It. N.-Y. — We are not taking about seed
corn sold at high prices or estimated
yields. Our proposition is to grow dry
shelled corn with not over 12 per cent of
water and sell it not for seed but for ac¬
tual food in the nearby market. The fod¬
der, too, is to count. If Mr. Hinshaw
thinks this is a bluff, will he come into
the game with one or 10 acres?
NEW YORK STATE FRUIT GROWERS’
ASSOCIATION.
The best meeting ever held in this State
by a horticultural society was called to or¬
der on the morning of January 4 and was
continued without the least abatement of
interest until late afternoon of the 6th.
This association is growing very rapidly in
numbers with a corresponding financial
strength, and still more rapidly in strength
of purpose to protect the fruit growers
and extend the industry. It not only
places the most up-to-date information be¬
fore its members at its annual meeting,
but. holds an eastern meeting at Pough¬
keepsie every Winter and a Summer field
meeting each year in localities where the
growers can see what others are doing, and
compare methods. Nor does it stop here.
It sends out several crop reports each sea¬
son that members may keep in touch with
the prospects from the various fruit centers
and be in a position to know the value of
their fruit when selling time comes. The
secretary not only gathers data from the
members, but gets reports from reliable
sources all over the country, and the crop
reports of this association have proved as
near correct as any reports published. They
THE RURAh NEW-YORKER
January 21,
have saved thousands of dollars to mem¬
bers. The association also handles fer¬
tilizers and spraying chemicals for the
benefit of its members.
The Geneva Station filled two long tables
with fruit and a small exhibit illustrating
methods of propagation. Beside many
standard varieties shown they exhibited
many of their ww seedlings, most of
them being crosses on Ben Davis by Jona¬
than, McIntosh. Esopus and Mother. It
will take some time to determine the hardi¬
ness, habit and capacity of the trees of
these crosses, and until this is determined
it will be impossible to judge the merits
of any of these varieties. The association
offered liberal prizes to be competed for
by members with New York State fruit
only. There were 29 exhibitors, and all
things considered I believe it was the finest
show of fruit ever exhibited at one of these
meetings. The exhibit of boxed apples was
very fine, and it was hard to make people
believe it was not Oregon or Washingtpn
grown. For the best three boxes, fruit,
packing and package to be considered, there
were prizes of $10, $6 and $4, and the
winner of first also won the silver cup
offered by B. G. Pratt. W. S. Teator, of
Upper Red Hook, won first and cup ; Henry
D. Lewis, Annandale, second, and Leslie
Farmer, Medina, third. Some very fine
boxed fruit was shown that was not placed,
and the collections and single plate ex¬
hibits contained some extra fine apples.
The fruit was judged by students from
Cornell, and awards were made by scoring.
They were very careful in their work, and
with one or two exceptions all the exhibi¬
tors seemed satisfied.
The Wolcott Fruit Growers’ Association
exhibited several plates of apples in the
non-competitive class, and D. Maurice
Wertz, of Waynesboro, Pa., showed extra
fine specimens of Ben Davis, Mammoth
Blapk Twig. Grimes, York Imperial and
Jonathan. Some of these varieties seem to
need a longer growing season than we
have in New York to come to their full
development. Bartlett pears as hard as
they were when picked were shown by the
Brighton Cold Storage Co., and in the
competitive pear class Sheldon and Flem¬
ish Beauty were shown in good condition.
Cornell University had a good box pack¬
ing exhibit in charge of students under
Prof. Wilson, and the crowds that gath¬
ered around this booth would seem to in¬
dicate an increasing interest in the box
package among New York growers. Dif¬
ferent style boxes, a packing table and
box press were shown, and all the steps
in the operation were carried on by the
students. The plant pathology and ento¬
mological exhibits from Cornell and
Geneva came in for their full share of
attention, and those in charge were kept
busy giving out the latest information m
their lines to the older growers and start¬
ing new beginners on the right road to
insect and fungus control.
The manufacturers of orchard machin¬
ery and spraying rigs and materials were
out in force and did a very large business.
There was dynamite to clear the land,
plows and other tools to subdue it, and a
ditching machine to open drains through
it. Two gasoline power tractors were ex¬
hibited. Actual work in the field and or¬
chard will point out the defects and sug¬
gest changes in these tractors that will
soon bring them to a practical basis where
for the large farmer and orchardist they
will be more economical than horse power.
Power spraying rigs were out in greater
numbers than ever before, and practical
improvements are constantly being added
to these machines. Hand pumps, nozzles
and shut-off devices added to the display,
with every agent claiming superiority for
his goods. Insecticide manufacturers were
out in full force, with concentrated lime-
sulphur and arsenate of lead the leaders.
The popularity of lime-sulphur was shown
by the large sale of hydrometer sets for
testing it. The oil sprays are still in the
field however and some fine boxed fruit
was shown by the manufacturers to show
the results from the use of sulfocide and
like sprays. There were also exhibits of
pruning tools and ladders, and basket
manufacturers were out extra strong, some
showing boxes in addition to their basket
displavs. Nurserymen are realizing the op-
portunitv for making sales these meetings
afford them and are turning out stronger
every year. If all their customers could
receive trees as good as those shown their
complaint departments could be shifted to
their order filling forces. Many exhibits
had to be turned away from lack of
room. 6- k. s-
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See gifarantee page 16.
Silver King
Potatoes
If you have read Mr. C. I. Hunt’s account of his
potato crop you will be interested in trying the
varieties he raised. Two of them. Silver King and
Pan American, Mr. Hunt bought of us. We intro¬
duced these varieties and have pure seed at very
reasonable prices.
We also have many other varieties of both early
and late potatoes, as well as seeds of all kinds,
including
SOY BEANS— Early varieties grown in New
York State.
ALFALFA— Very high quality seed, free from
dodder and weed seed, and 99 per cent. pure.
VETCHES, OATS, high grade SEED CORN
and vegetable and farm seeds of all kinds.
Please ask for our Catalogue — FREE.
JOSEPH HARRIS CO., Box 31, Coldwater, N.Y,
K
I
Fresh, pure, reliable, and hand selected-
such are Gregory’s Honest Seeds. Try
these extremely profitable varieties:—
Symmes Blue Hubbard Squash, Vickery’s
Forcing Cucumber, Gregory’s Imp. Orig¬
inal Crosby Corn, Imp. Yellow Globe
Onion. Will double previous profits.
Free— Gregory’s New Catalogue
One of the finest seed books published and
much the most helpful. Write to-day for
1911 copy — sent only when asked for.
J. J. H. GREGORY & SON,
1 4 Elm St, , Marblehead,
^HONEST:'
|E£E
WATCH FOR OUR ANN O UN CEMENTS
OF OUR OTHER PRIZE WINNERS
If you have nob received a copy of our handsome
ANNUAL MEMORANDUM bools, we shall he glad
to send you one If you mention Rural New-Yorker.
There
Were
2000
Perfect
£ars
[on the
Pyramid
from 12)4 to
14 inches
long.
There
Were
3000
Perfect
Ears
on the
Cone
none of them
less than 12
inches long.
GOLD MEDAL CORN GROWN ON PERUVIAN VEGETABLE GROWER
On One Acre of Flint Corn Mr. Bates Raised
One Hundred Seventy-Three and Three-
Tenths (173.3) Bushels of Ears Weigh¬
ing 70 Pounds to the Bushel
Allowing 43 per cent for moisture and cob, and reducing to
12 per cent moisture basis (average moisture in crib-dry corn)
we find that Mr. Bates produced
One Hundred Forty and Three-Tenths
Bushels (140.3) of Shelled Corn Per Acre
(56 lbs. of shelled com to the bushel)
The yield was certified to by three competent men (as
sworn to by them before the clerk of the courts at Worcester,
Mass.) The Worcester Magazine says: —
“The authorities present at the Com Show give this yield the
credit of excelling any record of Flint Corn in this country.
Truly a wonderful tribute to Mr. Bates’s skill as a farmer,
to New England soils, and to
PERUVIAN VEGETABLE GROWER
with which this remarkable crop was raised.
If you are a business farmer you ought to know more
about Peruvian Vegetable Grower, the Highest Grade Corn
and Vegetable Fertilizer on the market.
MANUFACTURED ONLY BY
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY,
Sole Manufacturers of E. Frank Coe Fertilizers and Peruvian Brands
24-26 Stone Street,
NEW YORK CITY
THE ONLY GOLD MEDAL
Given at the Great Nezv England Corn Exposition,
Held at Worcester, Mass., November 7th to 12th, was awarded to
Hon. Theodore C. Bates
NORTH BROOKFIELD, MASS.
For CROP and for EXHIBIT
Those who visited the Com Exposition will recall the Great Pyramid and Great Cone of Corn near the entrance.
GOLD MEDAL CORN!
1911.
THE RURAL* NEW-VORKEB
85
THE “CLARK” PLAN OF GRASS CUL¬
TURE.
T. F. L., Scranton , Pa. — I have a farm
of about 200 acres. I am no farmer, and
will not begin farming now along the line
of general cropping. Iam advised by those
who think they know that this farm is one
of the best farms in the country for Tim¬
othy hay, and I would like very much to
see it tried. The land has not been
plowed for about 20 years ; on many acres
it is overgrown with weeds. The land
lies well for mowing ; a mower can easily
be run over every acre. I would like ad¬
vice as to best method of fertilizing to
restore the land speedily, kind of fertilizer,
quantity per acre, etc. I learn from one
of your subscribers that you at times have
articles in your paper from a. Axr. Clark
who makes a specialty of Timothy hay.
Ans. — This is a fair sample of many
letters. There are men who have a farm
or a piece of land. They cannot give it
personal attention and grow a rotation
of crops, but they want to make the land
earn something if possible. Hay farm¬
ing offers such men an opportunity.
Geo. M. Clark, the “Connecticut grass
man,” is dead. He produced large crops
of hay and kept it up year after year,
but his methods were expensive, and
required great skill and care. His plan
was to give the land most thorough
preparation, grade it to a level, use a
large amount of fertilizer and seed
heavily to grass seed alone in late Sum¬
mer or early Fall.
Starting with such soil as is described
above Mr. Clark would select as much
as he could handle well with team and
tools and follow one of two methods.
One would be to plow early and sow
oats with a good dressing of fertilizer.
These oats would be cut early and the
stubble worked up with plow or disk,
and kept worked again and again until
late in August. The oat crop will help
break up the old sod and give an in¬
come. Mr. Clark did not plow the sod
or oat stubble with a turning plow, but
used a Cutaway or disk. This chopped
up the sod and tossed rather than turned
it over. The object of this Is to kill out
the weeds and old grass instead of turn¬
ing them under to grow again. When¬
ever any green growth showed in the
field it was worked with Cutaway or
harrow, so that by late August the field
is in fine shape. The seed is put in
before the middle of September, 15
quarts each of Timothy and Red-top
seed, with four quarts of clover seed
added. For fertilizer a mixture of equal
parts nitrate of soda, fine bone, muriate
of potash and acid phosphate will “make
grass grow.” Mr. Clark used an aver¬
age of 800 pounds of such a mixture per
acre. The first was used when seeding
down and the remainder annually, half
in late Summer and the remainder in
early Spring. In this way the fields were
kept in grass for six or seven years,
yielding four tons and more per acre.
The other plan mentioned would be to
leave out the oats and begin at once on
the old sod, tearing it up and killing out
the old growth to seed in September as
described above.
This method costs considerable in
preparation and fertilizer, but it will
make strong and permanent meadows.
After they are well started the labor of
cutting and handling the hay crops will
probably be less than with any other
crop of equal value. There is no pres¬
ent indication that hay will be much
lower in price. The market for good
hay seems secure. We would advise a
liberal use of lime before seeding down.
The best time to use the lime would be
just after the sod or the stubble is
broken up for the first time. The sub¬
sequent working will mix the lime thor¬
oughly in the soil. The first crop of
grass after such seeding is generally dis¬
appointing^ It is very thick, but too
short. With later growth it thins out
somewhat and grows longer.
AGREEMENT WITH FARM SUPERINTEN¬
DENT.
Those who undertake proxy farming or
attempt to run a farm through a manager
or superintendent often have trouble in
drawing up a satisfactory agreement. This
ts the hardest kind of farming to carry on.
ihe owner, usually a city man with a
business which fully occupies his mind,
does not often realize how the manager is
situated. The manager thinks his rights
are interfered with by the wife or the
owner. There are a dozen ordinary ways
through which complaint and dissatisfac-
following agreement was
studied out by such a “jiroxy farmer” in
1 ennsylvania and is submitted here for
comment and discussion :
“You are hereby engaged to start .
: . ,as working superintendent upon my
farm here, at - dollars per day, pay¬
able on or before the fifth of each month
tor the preceding month. It is understood
that you will devote your full time to my
interests ; be responsible for the good care
and safety of the live stock, crops, build¬
ings, and equipment; keep a day book of
sales, purchases, breeding of stock, plant-
tngs and harvests; and do whatever else is
required and necessary in a faithful, hon¬
est and intelligent manner to the best of
yom- ability and as I may direct.
\ ou will be supplied with . quarts
of milk per week, and firewood for six )
months, between April 1 and October 1, and
kindling wood for the balance.
“There will be reserved for your use a
space of ground . feet by . feet for
a truck patch, and where you may keep
not more than . chickens of any dark
feathered breed, the produce from which is
not to be sold or given away without my
consent, it being intended for your table
exclusively.
“You will be allowed to occupy, only as
a place of residence for yourself and wife,
all of the frame house on the farm, except
the rear room in the second story, which
I reserve for myself or employees, with the
right of ingress at all times.
“When _ you cease to work for me you
are, within '24 hours, to surrender posses¬
sion of the premises in as good order and
repair as now is, reasonable wear and tear
and damage by accidental fire excepted, and
will remove, or cause to be removed, all
ashes or refuse, and failing to so sur¬
render the premises, uy attorney as at¬
torney for you will at my request sign an
agreement for entering in court an amicable
action and .judgment in ejection (without
any stay of execution or appeal) against
you for my repossession, without any
liability on the part of such attorney for
which this shall be a sufficient warrant :
Thereupon a writ of habere facias pos¬
sessionem may issue forthwith, and you
release to me all errors and defects in such
action and agree that no writ of error or
exception shall be made ; and a filing of a
copy of this agreement makes it unneces¬
sary to file the original as a warrant of
attorney, any law or rule of court to the
contrary notwithstanding.
“Within 30 days after the completion of
each year of continuous, satisfactory and
efficient service I will pay you, in addi¬
tion to your wages, a bonus of 10 per cent
of the final profits from the farm for the
preceding fiscal year.
“If after you have been with me a year
there arises, through no fault of yours,' the
necessity for discharge before the comple¬
tion of the second or any subsequent years,
you will be paid the 10 per cent bonus, of
the final profits from the farm, for that
portion of the year which you have served
me ; but no bonus will be paid should your
employment cease for any cause before....
“The profits will be determined by the
total income from crops .
and hogs, less all costs and expenses of
conducting farm ; interests ; taxes ; insur¬
ance ; an allowance of 15 per cent of the
inventory value to cover depreciation of
farm buildings, horses, machinery and
equipment ; and a further allowance equal
to 10 per cent of the profits to cover ma¬
terial and wages to special mechanics to
construct, repair and paint new and old
buildings, pens, fences, machinery, drains,
piping, etc., that I consider necessary to the
equipment and general upkeep of the farm.
Upon balance then remaining the bonus
will be figured.
“The labor to make improvements to my
house and farm, attend to carriages, horses
and harness for family use, go to station
when required, and care for kitchen garden
and other labor of a personal nature which
could not be considered as necessary to the
equipment or conduct of the business side
of this enterprise, shall, when special me¬
chanics are unnecessary, be done by you
and the men under you, when it will 'in¬
terfere as little as possible with the gen¬
eral farm work, without credit to said 10
per cent allowance, and to offset this noth¬
ing will be deducted from the profits for
my services in buying, selling and other
time devoted to the business. Expenses for
alterations and additions to my house other
than farm labor, will be assumed by me
independently.
“I reserve the right to cancel your ap¬
pointment at any time ; and when you leave
you are to surrender the property en¬
trusted to your care in as good condition
as now is, reasonable wear and tear and
damage by accidental fire, excepted. If vou
fail satisfactorily to account for my prop¬
erty, or I believe you purposely destroyed
it or caused it to be destroyed, a reason¬
able valuation for the property unsatis¬
factorily accounted for or- destroyed would
be deducted from any wages or other money
due you.
“If your services are unsatisfactory the
payment of wages only, as in the first para¬
graph, without bonus, shall be accepted
in full payment of all my obligations un¬
der this letter. If I am convinced vou
have done your best to serve me, you can
depend upon ample notice to find other
work.
“I will do all in my power to make your
position agreeable and lasting.”
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 10.
FAMILY OF FIVE.
All Drank Coffee From Infancy.
It is a common thing in this country
to see whole families growing up with
nervous systems weakened by coffee
drinking.
That is because many parents do not
realize that coffee contains a drug — caf¬
feine — which causes the trouble.
“There are live children in my family/’
writes an Iowa mother, “all of whom
drank coffee from infancy up to two
years ago.
“My husband and I had heart trouble
and were advised to quit coffee. We
did so and began to use Postum. We
novv are doing without medicine and are
entirely relieved of heart trouble.
( Caffeine causes heart trouble when
continually used as in coffee drinking.)
“Our eleven-year-old boy had a weak
digestion from birth, and yet always
craved, and was given, coffee. When we
changed to Postum he liked it and we
gave him all he wanted. He has been
restored to health by Postum and still
likes it.
“Long live the discoverer of Postum !”
Read “The Road to Wellville,” in
pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter ? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
for the land’s sake
use Bowker’s fertilizers. They enrich
the earth and those who till it. It pays
the farmer to buy and it pays the agent
to sell Bowker’s ; the former because
they give big field results, and the latter
because their national reputation and
popular favor make them easy to sell.
Forty years of experience, prompt service,
the best materials, the best facilities are behind
every bag- of Bowker’s. A brand to fit every
crop and every pocket book.
We want agents wherever we are not now
represented. Write today for prices and terms ;
this may mean a good business for you if you act
at once.
Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue and
calendar. We want you to know Bowker’s before you
buy your spring fertilizer.
BOWKER
FERTILIZER COMPANY,
77 Lyman St., Buffalo, N. Y.
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers.
DC Elf EC Dill 12 its pleasures and profits, is the
theme of that excellent and hand¬
somely illustrated magazine, OLE AN IX G8 IN BEE
OULTUKE. We send it for six months on trial for
twenty-live cents, and also send free a 64-page book on
bees and our bee supply catalogue to all who name this
paper. THE A. L HOOT CO., Box 65, Medina, Ohio.
ENCOURAGE THEBOYS
^Boya want encouragement-^^
if they don’t get it at home they
rgo elsewhere. Teach them to earn their'
"own spending money. Growing vegetables V
Is Instructive, interesting, profitable when
tlMON AGEl^te
are used. Our No. 6 Combined Hill and Drill
Seeder with Marker and Double and Single
Wheel Hoe is a wonderful tool — can be used
in various unusual combinations. Saves time,
labor and seed. Price, $12. Other
garden tools, $2.50 up. Easy to *
operate. .Recommended by I
gardeners everywhere. W rite *
to-day for 75th Anniver-
eary Catalog— Free.
BATEVAN W V Q CO.
Box 102-0
Grenloch, N. «
BUY LIME DIOW
Hydrated
lime in paper
sacks, carlots,
for $7.50 per ton. Lime screenings in bulk, from
best grade of burnt lime, $5.00 per Ion, f. o. b.
cars any point between Buffalo and New York
on main lines of the N. Y. Central, Brie, D. L.
& W. and C. R. R. of N. J. Order early before
the great demand sets in and delays shipments.
Address J. W. BALLARD CO., Bmphamton, New York.
Get This Power ;
— Back to the old reliable LefTel Steam Power 1
theory from hundreds of farmers who havo
used gasoline engines. There are many
reasons. Let us tell you them. ~
LEFTEL Steam
Engines and
Boiiers
have proven most simple,
dependable, economical,
durable and efficient,
Writejpostal now for
“The Farmer’s Pow¬
er.” Address
James Leffel 8t Co.
Box 250,
Springfield,
Ohio
A Ren
tarkable Fu
tel Savinfif
Farm E
aigine 15 D
ays FREE
GAs?l;ne 18 wa7 UP now. Rom 6 to 16 cents more than kerosene, and is still soaring
1 he big automobile demand is responsible for it. What will you do if your engine
wont run on kerosene? Better be on the safe side. Better own an engine that
will operate on either kerosene or gasoline.
Record Breaking PERFECTION Kerosene Engine
, V1? PERFECTION does what no othor engine can do. It vaporli.s kerosene, drawing
a bght mist through tho carbureter so that it has the same force as gasolino in the cylinder
Tho Perfection is light, portable, has only throe moving parts, runs everything about
the placo, operates on any engino fuel, is priced lower than othors of the same size.
1 5 Days’ Free Trial X°il Can havo one ot theso en8ines for 15 days' free trial.
.1, •> „ on y°ur dealer, ask him to show you the “Perfec¬
tion Ho 11 let you use one on your farm for 15 days and if you find that it is not as
represented, we will refund cheerfully every dollar paid for it by you. Ask for our
Free Engine Book or if your dealer does not carry the “Perfection" write to us direct.
Caille Perfection Motor Co., 211 Second Ave., Detroit, Mich
GALLOWAY
SAVES YOU
$50 to $300
his, or/ 1 litre °f,?ngme 1 sel.1 has ever been made before in all Gasoline Engine
en.°. *™S£&r** am reafon.:. 1 turn ,heni out all alike by the thousands in my
L. t ‘ S m .[n factory , equipped with automatic machinery. I sell them direct to vou
for lea money than some factories can make them at actual shop cost J
y.ou Pax me for actual raw material, labor and one small profit (and I buy my
material ;n enormous quantities). y y
Anybody can afford and might just as well have a high grade engine when he
dtte before0 “TWnktff tl?iS kSnd- r™ doinZ something that never was Z^^A
in/be/ u,n b,,Tl k. Mt 1 . A ?rice. to y°u that is lower than dealers and ZZZ'a&Z-
jobbers can buy similar engines for, in carload lots, for spot cash. wy
„ , eng‘ne that is made so good in the factory that I will send "
° i y'Lhe,re *? t,he U- s- without an expert to any inexperienced
°“ 30 days free trial, to test against any engine made of
iT.u bors e-power that sells for twice as much, and let him , , ,
be the judge. Sell your poorest horse and buy a
5"Hm-Pm Only $119,50
Get Gaiioway'i
Biggest and Bes
BOQi
GASOLINE
ENGINE
Write today for tny beautiful new 50-page Engine Book in foui
colors, nothing like it ever printed before, full of valuable information,
showing how I make them and how you can make more money with a
gasoline engine on the farm. Write me —
Wm. Galloway „ Pres., Wm. Galloway Com
B85 Galloway Station, Waterloo , Iowa
66
THE RUR.A-1> NEW-YORKER
January 21,
You Owe This
to Your Family
All wise people agree that a home in the
country is better than a home in the city.
But some country homes miss one great com¬
fort that even the poor have in the city and
that is good light.
Bor nearly a hundred years city people
have been keeping their homes bright and
cheerful by using gaslight. Von can now have
this greatest of all city comforts in your
country home — because, light for light, it is
cheaper than kerosene if you use the
OLT
t*adj
Acetylene
Generator
Over 200,000 country homes are now made
pleasant aud cheery by home-made gas. You
want your family to be as comfortable as
any. Why not investigate this important
matter.
The U. S. light-houses have been using this
Colt light for seven years. It is the safest
light made. Insurance experts all endorse
it. It requires only 15 minutes work, once a
month. A boy can do it all. This Colt light
is the best improvement you can add to your
property. It will pay you to write today for
our book, 17 on “Modern Lighting." Write
for it.
J. B. COLT CO.
69A Murray St., New York
The Improved MONITOR
MAKES IRONING EASY AND A PLEASURE ]
Pronounced “The World’s Best’’ by over 275,000 |
satisfied customers. No hot stove— easy to operate.
Beat regulated instantly. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
Highest in quality —lowest in price. I
Highly polished and nickel plated.
AGENTS WANTED.
Write for catalogue and terms.
Tho Monitor Sad Iron Co. |
28 Wayne si., Big Prairie, 0.
4 FLOOD OF LIGHT
BROWN’S
Bronchial Troches
for over half a century have been recognized
throughout the world as the most convenient
and effectual remedy for coughs, hoarseness and
all throat affections. Free from opiates— Over
fifty years in use.
Price, 25c, 50c and $1.00. Sample free
John I. Brown & Son _ Boston, Mass.
USED ON TWO HEMISPHERES
“Whatever’s worth doing, is worth doinj
well,” evidently is the policy of our good
friends The Johnston Harvester Co. Thjs
policy is carried out in the making of their
widely-known quality farm machinery, which
enjoys the implicit
confidence of tba
farmers of bo t h
hemispheres, also in
building the Johns¬
ton catalog for 19 i i.
The cover-page of
Catalog is one of the
most attractive seen
this season — a strik¬
ing country scene in
a tasteful combina¬
tion of colors; the
same good taste and
knowledge of the es¬
sentials of catalog¬
making are shown in the inner pages,
where tools and parts are reproduced from
photographs. The book is replete -with in¬
teresting facts about farm machine history
—a valuable addition to any farm library.
The catalog illustrates and describes
Johnston Grain Binders, _ Reapers, Rakes,
Manure Spreaders, Spring and Spike
Tooth Harrows, Side-Delivery Rakes, Land
Rollers, Corn Binders, Mowers, Tedders,
Hay Loaders, Disc Harrows and Orchard
Harrows.
Readers of this paper who are interest¬
ed in strictly first-class farm machinery,
should write Johnston Harvester Co., Box
100 R, Batavia, N. Y., for this catalog, or
lor booklets _ pertaining to the individual
machines of interest. — -Adv.
FARM FACTORIES FOR NITROGEN.
8. 6. 11., Candlish, Tex.— On page 1095
you print an article on cyanamid. Is this
far enough perfected so one can procure
the apparatus for making the preparation
on the farm, and thus obviate freight
charges? If so, where can I get the ma¬
chine, or find out about it further? I
have gasoline engine — six horse-power — and
it occurs to me I may be able to use same
in making a fertilizer.
Ans.— No, the plan would not be pos¬
sible for ordinary farm power. It is
only feasible when worked on a large
scale with expensive machinery and
great capital. The outfit is usually lo¬
cated near a strong water power and is
a complicated process. We understand
that a plant of this sort is to be estab¬
lished in New England. The best nitro¬
gen factory for the average farmer is
to be found in a field of clover, Alfalfa,
beans or peas. These will take the ni¬
trogen from the air and put it in such
form that a farmer can use it where
he wants it.
/ Aladdin MANTLE Larr
// BURNS KEROSENE (Coat Oi.
Produces powerful, Vhite, more brilliant
light than city gas, gasolene or electricity-
simple, noiseless, odorless, clean, safe, dur¬
able — comp let e success — recognized
world’s standard. Fully Guaranteed.
T. H. BALL, California, SOLD 850
On money back guarantee — not one returned,
^^^JIc.E. Kramer made $700 in 6odays. Completellne
Df lamps and chandeliers for homes, offices and public places.
Ask nearest office for agency proposition or how to get lamp free
MANTLE LAMP CO. OF AMERICA, Dept
Okie**©, PortUad, Pro-, Waterbary , Conn., Wlnnlpeg^Bfong^CsasdA.
FROM Kt:WO<#
(COAL CIL
Lime for Cabbage,
I have about five acres of low land,
poorly drained, and foul with quack and
weeds, that I wish to set to cabbage.
Would a moderate application of lime, say
1000 or 1200 pounds to the acre, help the
cabbage? If so, what kind would be best?
New York. F. w.
Cabbage responds to lime, and such soil
needs lime in an active form. We should
use at least one ton of burned lime' — that
is lump lime slaked. Our advice is to burn
this field over before plowing — then broad¬
cast the lime and harrow.
Bringing Up Wet Clay Soil.
What is to be done with a wet clay soil
that is so of? What crop will adapt itself
to such soil? Will it do for fruit trees
and what kinds? No coal under the farm,
but has been mined near by. The farm is
not level, iron ore has been taken out at
one time. The farm will have to be sold
or taken hold of by some one who will doc¬
tor it up a. c. s.
Beaver, Pa.
Drainage and lime are probably most
needed. A wet clay can never produce
good crops without thorough drainage, but
when well drained it will prove very pro¬
ductive. Such soils are usually sour. In
such a case we would use burned lime, one
ton or more per acre, and this in connec¬
tion with draining will fit that soil so it
will produce grain and grass and fruit.
Corn Growing in Vermont
I attended the corn show at Worcester,
Mass., which was an eye opener. It was
just what the New England people need,
something to wake them up and show them
the possibilities of corn growing here.
Corn can be made one of the most profitable
and largest of the grain crops grown on
our New England soil. Our Champlain
Valley is noted for large hay crops, and
there is no reason why the farmer should
not raise his own grain and not depend
on the West for it. Raise some good flint
variety ; dent corn is not adapted to this
section. My method of raising corn has
generally been to manure a piece of my
meadow land that needed new seeding,
spreading about 15 two-horse loads to the
acre, and turning the manure under, plow¬
ing in the Fall if clay land. If loam land
plow as convenient, Spring or Fall. As
early in the Spring as the land is suitable
to work I commence to work my corn land,
harrowing it as many different times as I
can find the time before it is time to plant.
I do not plant my corn until I consider ray
land well fitted. Before using the smooth¬
ing harrow the last time before planting, I
sow broadcast 400 pounds of some good
fertilizer, and harrow in ; then mark the
land oYu feet each way. or use a check¬
row planter, and get my corn planted by
May 20 if possible. Go over your corn
piece with the weeder before the corn
comes up, and keep using it until the
cultivator will do the best work. Then
use cultivator until corn is too large to
work in. Do not let the weeds get a start.
Eternal vigilance and clean culture is the
price of corn. The corn show has aroused
a good deal of interest among the farmers
of this section, and I think more corn
than usual will be planted this year. This
valley between the lake and the mountains
the whole length of the State has a great
future in fruit growing. Addison County
shipped more apples last Fall than ever in
its history. No better keeping or finer
flavored apples can be found in the United
States. I hope to see a good deal in The
R. N.-Y. the coming months about Vermont,
its corn, fruit, etc. If Vermont was ad¬
vertised like many Western States people
would be flocking here by .the hundred to
buv farms. We are coming to the front
and won’t be called the “Bashful” State
much longer. c. H. J.
Middleburg, Vt.
DIBBLE’S FARM SEEDS
are of just one grade, the best obtainable regardless of cost. The best is none too good
for the American Farmer. If you want cheap seeds, buy of the other fellow; we do not
grow or handle them, and yet we sell to you the very highest grade of seed potatoes, com,
oats, alfalfa, clover, timothy, etc., at prices so low that every business farmer can afford
to buy of us because a large' part of the seeds we sell we ship direct
From Our Seed Farms to Yours
We live in the best farming section of the Empire State, have over 1,600 acres in onr own
seed farms; own our own warehouses, 360 feet in length, built especially for the storage
of seed potatoes and farm seeds; have our own private railroad switches from the New
York Central and Lehigh Valley Railroads, and do not pay liigh-priced city rents. Each
member of our firm is a practical farmer. Seeds are tested by us in field culture, and
we know the farm seeds we sell are the best that money will buy.
Dibble’s Alfalfa seed produced on one of our farms last year, alfalfa to the value of
over $100 per acre.
Our D. B. brand clover, alfalfa and grass seed are the best obtainable— purity and
germination unexcelled. We grow hundreds of tons of hayon our seed farms annually,
and know that no better seed can be purchased at any price.
We have over 60,000 bushels of seed potatoes, 31 new and standard varieties in store,
and the best varieties of corn, oats, barley, etc., adapted to the Middle and Eastern States.
We unhesitatinglv state that Dibble’s farm seeds have made good, as in twenty
years the business has grown from less than $500 the first year to such magnitude that
we are now considered the largest growers and dealers in strictly farm seeds in America.
Good seeds— careful attention to business— square dealing— have built this business
up to its present magnitude.
Our 1011 Catalog, the leading Farm Seed Book of the year, is yours for the asking ;
also absolut ely FREE the two new books written by Mr. Dibble, entitled, “Dibble on the
Potato” and “Dibble on Alfalfa.”
- ADDRESS -
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
Weed Seeds Grow!
That this is true every farmer
knows, but what YOU want is the
BEST SEEDS THAT CAN BE GROWN ! Such are the only seeds produced and
sold by BURPEE, Philadelphia. Shall we mail you a copy of our Complete New
Catalog for 1911 ? It is a Safe Guide to Success in Gardening and is free to
all who realize that in seeds "the Best is the cheapest." Write to-day! Address
W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia,
The Largest Mail-Order Seed House in the World.
You’ll appreciate my new
1911 seed catalog. It gives
full descriptions of the choicest and
most profitable farm and garden
varieties and shows photographs of
actual results obtained from these
«eeds. Also valuable information
about how to get the best results.
Write for it today. I’ll send it free if
you mention The Rural New-Yorker.
For 10c in stamps or coin I’ll also send
you three 10c packets of seeds, one each
of my unequaled Bonny Best Early
Tomatoes, Stokes Sugar Sweet Musk-
■elon and Stokes Standard Sweet Peas.
Walter P. Stokes
Dept L, 219 Market St., Philadelphia
BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED CATALOG
144 Large Pages — Mailed Free
(.About % Natural Size )
ESCHSCHOLTZIA THORBURNI
(California Poppy)
HARDY annual. Sow outdoors in Spring.
The grandest of all Eschscholtzias. The
unopened buds on outer side of petals
are of the deepest crimson, toning down on the
inner side to bright flame color and molten
gold. We will mail a packet of this valuable
novelty and a copy of our beautiful catalog—
the best Seed annual published in America — for
only lO cents, stamps or coin. (Regular
price of Seed, 15 cents packet.) Write today.
J. M. THORBURN & CO.
DEPT. ¥
33 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK
_ tested seed of known vitality
and high yielding strain. Why take
chances when you can buy our Blue
Ribbon Seeds— all prize seeds— as
low or lower than others. Don’t
buy any seeds until you read our
new, valuable book
“The Gateway to
Success” — FREE
Crowded with information every
farmer and gardener needs. Explains
low prices, describes our complete
large stocks of fine Clovers and
Grass Seeds, Alfalfa, Seed Com,
Oat*, Cow Peas, Millet, Sorghum,
Rape, Soja Bean*, Potatoes, Onion
Sets, etc., besides the finest Vege¬
table and Flower Seeds, Lawn
Grass. Write for free book and low
prices quick while stocks are
complete. We fill all orders the day
they are received and guarantee
seeds true to name and descriptions
WOOD, STUBBS & CO.,
Louisville. Ky.
I/Iflf’C Garden
Villi 3 and Floral
GUIDE
For 1911
Tells all that is worth knowing about Vegetable.
Flower and Farm Seeds, Plants, Berries, Fruit ami
Ornamental Trees. You need the Guide to make
your garden or farm a success. A copy is ready
for you. Send for it to-day. It is free.
JAMES VICK’S SONS. 430 Main St.. Rochester. N Y.
CATALPA
SPEGIOSA
TREES
Wine are true to name. Write for Free booklet which tells
all about the ISO acres I am growing for telephone poles.
H. C. ROGERS, Box 11, Mechanicsburo, Ohio.
Hardy Highland Nursery Stock
Acclimated to Northern climate. Always true to
label. No scale ever found in our Nursery. Send
forcatalog. L.M. EMPIE, Box A, Johnstown, N.Y.
SALESMEN WANTED
- - 8 for terms. PERRY NURS.
TO SELL TREES AND PLANTS ERIES, Rochester, N. Y.
Peach and Apple Trees
For fall or spring planting. Prices right; stock
right. MYER & SON. Bridgeville, Del.
JL THAT YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
■ ■ MJL I breaks all records. Nothing like it.
Also SEED CORN. Samples and cat-
lone free. THEO. BURT & SONS, MELROSE, OHIO
Fruit Trees From the Grower.
Save middlemen's expense and get them
fresh dug. Catalog free.
WM. J. REILLY. NURSERYMAN. OAHSVILLE, N Y.
For Best EXTENSION LADDER “ 532?,’.““
JOHN J. 1>«TTEU,H Mill St., Binghamton, X. Y.
WARFIELD STRAWBERRY PLANTS for $1-00 per 1,000.
Sen. Dunlap for $2.00 per 1,000. Catalogue free.
100 varieties. J. G. PKESTAGE, Allegan, Micli.
CfID CHI E-Canada Peas, $1.85bushel; Alas'
rUll OALk ka Peas, $4.0C bushel; Cow Peas,
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel.
Sow Canada lJeas and Oats in Mareli and harvest
a crop of Hay in May. Onion Sets at $2.2.> per
bushel. JOSEPH E. H0LLAN0. Millard. Del.
1911.
0f
PLANT FOOD VALUES OF FEED.
In England, when a farm changes
tenants, the question of “unexhausted
manurial values” must be considered.
This means that the outgoing tenant
must be paid for the plant food left in
the soil from the grain which he has
bought and fed. He is not at liberty
to take away any manure, but if he can
prove that he has within the previous
two years bought and fed grain, bran,
cotton-seed meal, linseed or similar food
he receives a credit for such food. This
custom is so general that there is an
Association of Agricultural and Tenant
Right Valuers, members of whicli go
about making valuations when tenants
leave a farm. There have been _two
methods of computing such value. One
was to estimate the cost of the food
and make a proportionate value based
on the amount of plant food supposed
to be left. The othei plan is to make
a standard price for nitrogen, potash
and phosphoric acid, much like our
American trade values of chemicals,
and figure from these prices based on
the analyses of the feeds. The last
named plan is considered fairest. Under
the first plan if the tenant could show
that he had bought and fed feed to the
value of $500 during the last year he
had the farm he would be credited with
$250 as “unexhausted value.” This is
not fair, because it is easy to see that
$50 worth of cornmeal could not pos¬
sibly give the manurial value of $50
worth of cotton-seed meal. The com¬
mon plan now followed is to assume
that one-half the nitrogen, three-fourths
of the phosphoric acid and all the potash
in the food consumed during the last
year the tenant held the farm will be
found in the manure, and that the next
year only half of this will remain in
the soil. On this basis it is’ figured that
a ton of cotton-seed meal should contain
6.9 per cent of nitrogen, 3.1 of phos¬
phoric acid and 2 per cent of potash.
At the ruling price one-half this nitrogen
would be worth 41.5 shillings, three-
fourths the phosphoric acid seven shill¬
ings, and the potash eight, or 56 shill¬
ings, or about $14, and this would be
credited to the outgoing tenant. If the
tenant had fed a ton of cotton-seed
in the year before the last he would be
credited with $7 for the plant food left
in the soil. In like manner a ton of
corn would be credited $3.50 for the
first year and $1.75 for the year before.
We have not yet come' in this country
to any such elaborate estimates, but
the tendency in all good farming regions
is to consider plant food as cash. The
“Mark Lane Express” contains a re¬
port of a lawsuit over a manure pile.
An incoming tenant on an English farm
found a pile of manure for sale, and en¬
gaged a valuer to put a price on it.
This price was set at about $40 and was
paid. It was found later that this
"manure” pile was composed largely of
road scrapings, and the tenant sued the
valuer for giving too high a value. After
a long trial the tenant lost.
Metal Roofs and Lightning.
E. .4. P ., Chatham, Pa. — Some of the
manufacturers of iron roofing claim that if
connected with the ground by wire it af¬
fords the best protection against lightning.
What do you think of this? ‘Does the iron
roof, without the wire connection, increase
the risk over a shingle roof? Is the wire
connection of any benefit?
Ans. — A metal-covered building, roof
and sides, and well connected with the
ground, is ideally protected against
lightning. A metal roof, well connected
with permanently moist earth, is also
well protected against lightning. The
metal roof unconnected with the ground
is not essentially more dangerous than
an ordinary roof, but the roof should
be well connected with the ground.
One of the best methods is to use strips
of galvanized sheet iron riveted and
soldered to the roof and riveted and
soldered together, carried down the
sides, and the end terminating in per¬
manently moist soil, riveted and sol-
THE RURAL?
dered to a strip of of the same metal
some two feet square laid flat on the
bottom of the hole and the earth filled
in over it. The wider the strips and
the more of them, the more complete is
the protection. They ought not to be
less than four inches wide, and two of
them on opposite sides of the building
which is metal roofed, would constitute
fair conductors. f. h. king.
Alfalfa after Rye.
•7. F. F., Bedminster, Pa. — I have an acre
of well-drained gravelly loam that is seeded
to rye. I took a crop of rye off it Summer
of 1910, let ragweed and a small amount
of clover grow there until September 26.
That day I gave it a good coat of barn¬
yard manure. I plowed weeds and manure
under, prepared a good seed bed and
seeded down to rye, using 200 pounds of
fertilizer, analysis available phosphoric acid
12 per cent, potash five per cent. If I
harvest the rye, lime the acre and seed to
Alfalfa, can I expect a stand? Clover
grows x’eadily when season is favorable. I
am told that no farmer is rich enough to
pasture a field, that cattle take more fer¬
tility off in a single season than a farmer
can haul on in a Winter of barnyard
manure. Is this true? I have the time
and the help. Would you advise me to
haul out the barnyard manure upon the
sod field that I intend to plow for corn in
the Spring?
Ans. — You ought to have a good
chance to start Alfalfa on that field after
the rye. Use plenty of lime, and if you
can get soil from an old Alfalfa field
use it. As for pasturing, it depends on
what kind of stock you keep. Of course
the plant food contained in the milk
would be taken from the field, and if the
cows were stabled at night half the
manure would also be taken. If the
stock should be beef cattle or sheep
the loss to the field would be what they
carry away in their bodies, as meat,
bone and wool. During a series of
years this loss would be considerable.
In the West, where live stock were
pastured for many years, the far >s
ran down through lack of phosphoric
acid, which was taken from the soil in
the bones of live stock. In dairy dis¬
tricts there is usually a marked differ¬
ence between sections where entire milk
is sold and where butter is made, for
the milk contains far more plant food
than the butter. If the sod field is
fairly level and there is no surface wash
over it we would haul out the manure
this Winter.
NEW-YORKER
Express Rates. — Your inquiry in regard
to express companies causes me to write
you. I sent a package, 10 pounds, to
South Bend, 70 cents, also a package, four
pounds, to Freeport, Ill., 60 cents. I am
inclined to think this must have been an
extra rate so the express company’s Christ¬
mas present to their employes should come
from the general public. The Lord loves
a cheerful giver, so I suppose we ought
not to complain. j. w. e.
Pittsburg, Pa.
These Steel Shingles
Are Guaranteed
Against
Lightning!
We stand ready
to make good
this olaim with
a $10,000 guar¬
antee bond.
Edwards Interlocking
“REO” Steel Shingles
are stamped tn best Bessemer steel and
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wide. Patent Interlocking device gives abso¬
lutely moisture-proof seams, which will not
bulge or pull apart.
Easy for Anyone to Lay
You can lay Edwards Interlocking “Reo”
Steel Shingles yourself on any sort of roof.
Hammer only tool needed. Can be laid on
rafter boards or old shingles. Look well
on building.
Write for FREE Catalog No. 173
We are the largest manufacturers of all
kinds of Iron and steel roofing and sell to
you at lowest prices. Our free catalog con¬
tains valuable information. Senddimenslons
of your building and we will quote you exact
cost of a Reo” Steel Shingle loot delivered
to your station.
We want one representative In every com¬
munity to take orders for Edwards Inter¬
locking ’Reo” Steel Shingles. Write today.
Tha Edwards Manufacturing Co.
123 173 Lock St. Cincinnati, Ohio
The World's Largest Manufacturers of Steel
Shingles, Metal Roofing, Metal Ceiling, eta
DAILY
OUTPUT
18,000
BBLS.
YEARLY
OUTPUT
OVER
6.500,000
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
h hex you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” Sec guarantee page 16.
JDMPIRE FENCE
let the genuine EMPIRE big
wire fence, direct, at wholesale.
‘.Save dealer’s profits.
Big Factory, Big
Sales, 23 Styles
No traveling salesmen, small
, — expense, prices low. Every-
- thing guaranteed. Free samples by
mall. Prices of leading stylesfrelght pre¬
paid to all points north of the Ohio and
- east of the Mississippi River: —
Wires Inohoshigh Medium Weight Extr» he»Tj(»ll No.9)
,j> 39 23c per rod 37c per rod
10 47 26c per rod 41o per rod
12 65 S2c per rod 49c per rod
Special rates beyond this territory.
BOND STEEL POST CO., 23 E. Mauuee St., Adrian, Mich.
MARKET GARDENERS’ PAPER
Weekly Market Growers’ Journal — only paper printed
especially for vegetable growers. $1.00 a year, 62 is¬
sues. For 10 cents and names of three market gardeners
we will send it ten weeks with our popular booklet,
“$25,000 a Year From Twelve Acres.” Send for free
sample copies — it is the best way to judge.
Market Growers' Journal, 541 Walker Bldg., Louisville, Ky.
Heaviest Fence Made
Heaviest Galvanizing
We make 160 styles. Horse
cattle, sheep, hog, and bull
prooffences made of No. 9
double galvanized wires
and absolutely rust proof
Bargain Prices:
14 cents per Rod Op
Poultry and Rabbit Proof
Fences, Lawn Fences and
Gates. Send for Catalog
and Free sample lor test.
The Rrown Fence St Wire Co.
Dept, 59 Cleveland, Ohio
SlkVAPVt TREE
WMM
1 Vi ih. .it. 1
25c
48 IN.F^„C/
Best high carbon coiled steel
wire. Easy to stretch over
hills and hollows. FREE
Catalog — fences, tools. Buy
from factory at wholesale
prices. Write today to Box 67,
MA80.V FENCE CO., LEESBURG, 0.
Cents a Rod
For 18-In. 14 3-4e for 22-In. Hog
Fence; loe for 26-lnch; 18 8-4e
for 32-Inch; 25e for a 47-lnch
Farm Fence. 48-Inch Poultry
fence 28 l-2e. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 NN UNCI E, IND.
FENCE
Strongest
Made —
Maideof High Carbon Double Strength
Colled Wire. Heavily Galvanized to
prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at
factory prices on 30 days’ free trial.
We pay al I freight. 37 heights of farm
and poultry fence. Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 263 Winchester, Indiana.
_ LAWN FENCE
Many Styles. Sold on trial at
wholesale prices. Save 20
to 30 per cent. Illustrated
Catalogue free. Write today.
KITSELMAN BROS.
Box 440 Munoie, Indian.
LAWN FENCE
I Many designs. Cheap as
wood. 82 page Catalogue
I free. Special Prices to
I Churches and Cemeteries.
LCoiled Spring Fence Go.
’Box 314 Winchester. Ind.
FROST
WIRE FENCES
A Heavy Pence made of Hard wire,
bull! with one purpose in view,
0 0 of lasting and ■atfsfactory
'* * ^ service. No repairs. Free catalog
upon request. Ask your dealer.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dept. H CLEVELAND, 0.
One Animal and Three Hogs
to an Acre
THIS is a fair estimate of the average feeding ability of
the soil. On a farm of 80 acres the highest limit of
efficiency is 20-acre fields. Large fields diminish the
earning power because two small fields alternated will furnish
much more support for stock than the same average in one big
field. The fence is the important factor; and with the liberal
use of gates, unlimited extension and alternation is simple.
The steel in Ellwood fence is specially as to prevent sagging. The small and
made from carefully selected stock.
It is hard, elastic, tough and springy.
The line wires, composed of two or
more wires twisted into cables, give
each individual wire the shape of an
elongated, coiled spring. The fence is
therefore sufficiently elastic to take
care of expansion and contraction, and
yet so rigid when properly stretched
permanent mesh is made by weaving
one continuous wire throughout the
fabric. The mesh or stay wires are so
interwoven that slipping is impossible.
The triangular truss fs the strongest
form of construction known. For this
reason. Ellwood fence will stand the
hardest usage and still retain its
shape.
Ellwood Fence is sold in your town. J^wooddia®
er and let him show you his different styles offence and quote you his low
prices. Get his expert advice on your special needs. He is on the spot,
buys in large quantities, gets the lowest carload freight rates, demonstrates
quality before your eyes and is the man from whom you will get the most
for your money.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Co.
Chicago New York Denver San, Francisco
Sendfor copy of “Ellwood Fence News" profusely itlustrated.devoted to thelnteresls of farmers and show-
tng how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm, furnished free upon application.
08
THE KURAI> NEW-YORKER
January 21,
Concrete Corncrib Floor.
The U. S. Department of Agriculture,
in a recent bulletin on the rat, gives the
following directions regarding concrete
floors for the granary and corncrib :
Corn mature enough to store will not
mold in contact with a cement floor.
To build the corn house shown in cut
below choose a well-drained site. Exca¬
vate a trench for an eight-inch concrete
foundation wall around the outside of
the building and to the depth of two
feet. With box forms of one-inch sid¬
ing on 2x4-inch studding, carry this
eight-inch wall to a height of 12 to 18
inches above ground level, depending
upon the height of the drag-belt con-
CORN-CRIB WITH CONCRETE FLOOR.
veyors used by local corn shellers. (All
concrete floors should rest on a fill
bringing them entirely above the sur¬
rounding ground). See that the forms
line up and test them by means of a
carpenter’s level. On a tight mixing
board mix the concrete one part Port¬
land cement to 2J4 parts sand and five
parts crushed rock (or one part Port¬
land cement to five parts bank-run
gravel), all measurements by volume,
based on one bag of loose cement being
equal to one cubic foot. Fill the forms
with concrete thoroughly wet and do
not remove them for four days.
There are several ways of attaching
the studding to the concrete floor. One
of the simplest and easiest is the nail¬
ing sill or plate, generally a 2x6-inch
piece, bolted to the concrete foundation
wall. For such a sill, while the con¬
crete is still soft, set five-eighths-inch
bolts eight to 10 inches long, head down,
three inches in from the outer edge of
the foundation wall and projecting 2V*
inches above the concrete. These bolts
should be spaced not more than three
feet apart.
After the forms are removed place a
well rammed fill of coarse gravel or
crushed rock between the foundation
walls and within four inches of the top.
When the fill is thoroughly settled com¬
mence placing the four-inch floor, bring
surface of floor flush with top of
foundation wall and with a straight edge
round it up slightly in the center. Dress
it down with a wood float, and when
the cement begins to stiffen, smooth the
surface with a steel trowel. Build the
floor early enough in the season that it
may be thoroughly dried before grain
is stored on it.
FERTILIZING APPLE ORCHARDS.
The Pennsylvania Experiment Station
conducted some careful experiments on
apple production. Among other things in¬
vestigated was the question of what chemi¬
cals to use in supplying plant food. From
a statement made in the bulletin describ¬
ing these experiments we take the follow¬
ing:
In the detailed results, nitrogen has
proved most useful in increasing the yield
of fruit as well as in improving growth
and foliage. Its use is generally accom¬
panied by considerable reduction in color,
doubtless largely due to delayed maturity.
This objection, however, does not hold ex¬
cept for the red varieties, and is lessened
for them on the earlier soils and in locali¬
ties with long growing seasons. The nitro¬
gen may be applied in stable manure,
leguminous cover crops or in commercial
forms. If applied in very soluble forms
the application is probably best made
somewhat after growth starts to insure
its utilization by the trees. Some of the
best results have been obtained by such
applications made in early July, though
this is considered as late as is practicable
to affect fruit buds for the following
year’s crop, and earlier applications are
preferred. Along with the nitrogen, it is
also well to supply phosphoric acid and
potash. On the other hand, neither lime
nor ‘'floats,” when applied alone, has thus
far shown any marked beneficial effects.
While it is practically impossible to
make any general fertilizer recommendation
that will suit all conditions, yet from the
present data the following combination is
suggested : Any fertilizer carrying about
30 pounds of actual nitrogen, 60-75 pounds
of actual phosphoric acid, and 50 pounds
of actual potash to the acre should prove
satisfactory. These amounts are approxi¬
mately obtained by 600 pounds of a 5-10-8
fertilizer, or they may be exactly obtained
by mixing either of the following combina¬
tions : (a), 100 pounds nitrate of soda,
100 pounds dried blood, 250-300 pounds
steamed bone meal, 100 pounds sulphate of
potash, or (b), 100 pounds nitrate of
soda, 120 pounds dried blood, 400-500
pounds acid phosphate, 100 pounds sul¬
phate of potashl The above amounts are
for bearing trees of medium age where
fertilizer is apparently needed. For younger
trees with their greatly lessened draft,
these amounts may often profitably be re¬
duced by a half or more, with correspond¬
ing increase for older trees. The combina¬
tion is offered as a beginning treatment
for average conditions, and is expected to
be varied as later results direct. If suf¬
ficient nitrogen can be obtained in green
cover crops, or in stable manure, it can
well be reduced in the combination above,
preferably first omitting the dried blood.
Annual applications of this fertilizer, al¬
ternated with stable manure at the rate
of about 10 tons per acre at least every
third or fourth year, if available, will prob¬
ably give best results.
The sulphate form of potash is recom¬
mended to be on the safe side because of
certain evidences of its superiority over
M
ss
Active all the time
1*77 re Most EfficientCrop Producers
are those fertilizers which supply plant food in an available form when
needed. < '
Swift’s Animal Fertilizers are made from animal products — Bone, Meat
and Blood— combined with High Grade Potash. They do more than supply
fertility — they build up soils for future years.
The Grange Prefers Swift’s
Biggest Crop He Ever Raised
I planted five acres of corn this season, hav¬
ing bought your fertilizers through youragent
in onr town. I used 450 lbs. of Swift’s Special
Fertilizer to the acre, and notwithstanding the
season was very dry, I harvested the biggest
crop I ever raised. It was immensely thick
and well eared, giving me 600 bushels of ears.
H. H. BROOKS,
Ashby, Mass.
They are adapted to all soils and all crops — for use with or without
manure. In your own interests, look into this fertilizer question now —
while you have the time. If you don’t know who our local agent is, write
us. Our free Pocket Handbook gives valuable crop information.
IV e have some good territory open for responsible agents.
Swift’s Liowell Fertilizer Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Mass.
range _ _
the subject of fertilizers was discussed, what
was used, the results, etc. Everything went to
show that Swift’s goods had the lead. Allpre¬
ferred the kinds that Mr. Blake sold to any
and all others that the f irmers had used, and
Swift 's Ferti l izers wil 1 ta ke thelead here inthe
future if the standard of the goods is kept as
good as now. (Signed) H. A. BLAKE,
Nov. 14, 1010. Sutton. Vt.
the muriate, at present unexplained. Also
in the practice of fertilization, it should
be remembered that the effect of a fertilizer
on the crop is not to be expected before
the second year and possibly even later.
Moreover, proper moisture conditions are
essential to the securing of best results
from fertilizers. In most places the best
moisture supply is obtained by the soil
or dust mulch maintained by frequent
tillage. Where tillage is inadvisable, how¬
ever, the present data show that proper
moisture conditions can be secured very
satisfactorily by means of a good mulch
of foreign materials, such as straw, chaff,
leaves, manure or dead weeds.
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DODGE & ZUILL, 224B Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
s ‘tit * ‘ /
%■ ,[Ubi,
mm'
v
Regular Large Wheeled, Short Turn¬
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The Improved 1911
“FRIEND”
Every Part Built and Assembled in Our Own Plant
Our New Factory Doubles Our Output
*
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PUMP Regular Friend Patent with greatly improved detail. All working
■ Ullli an<j wearing parts easy to get at. See cut. Valves have highest
grade Acid-Proof Balls and Acid-Proof bronze seats separate from bodies.
New seats can be put on valves quickly
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—repacking pump just as easy, adjust¬
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is operating under pressure. All plumbing is removed from new pump.
Some 1911 Improvements on Power Outfits
(1) New Frictionless roller bearing pump drive.
(2) 1911 Relief Valve is entirely new and guaranteed to
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Our New Tank Filler
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Have your
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Will work on
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Write for
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The Celebrated “FTien«l” Hilly Orchard Model. Low dowu. short
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and pump. Designed for heavy service in hilly orchards. !Not an experi¬
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This
The “Friend” will give more pressure at less cost than any other power sprayer,
feature together with its rigidity .size, compactness, weight, simplicity and accessibility, make the
"Friend'’ the best power sprayer on the market. The facts that 1,000 Friend power outfits
are now working, 250 of which were sold last year, and that our sales and deliveries are now
doubling last season’s record— these facts prove our statements, and we stand behind every
outfit to make good.
today for our catalog,* and prices. Special inducements in new territoiy fot early
business.
“FRIEND” MFC. CO.
Disassembled I’ump Cylinder and Valve.
GASPORT, Niagara County, NEW YORK
Manufacturers of the celebrated “FRIEND” NOZZLES and LEAKLESS SHUT-OFF
m
*
YE
ON FREE TRIAL
NO MON
IN ADVANCE
Let us send you one of these sprayers
at our expense for you to test in your own field or orchard. We don’t ask you to
send us a cent of your money, make any bank deposit or in any way advance any money
until you are fully satisfied. There are no strings to this free trial offer. If, after testing
the machine you decide to keep it you can then send us pay for the machine in full, or you can pay a small amount each month until it is paid
for, or you can wait until you harvest your crop and pay for the machine out of the extra profit that it makes you. No matter how you
buy a Hurst Sprayer it will not cost you a cent, for the increase in the yield from spraying will more than pay for our best machine even
though you have only a couple of acres.
Horse-power
Potato and Orchard
SPRAYER
“So tree too high, no
field too big for this
king of sprayers.” For
the biggrowers-of fruit,
grapes, potatoes, etc.
Most powerful machine
made ; 60 and too gal¬
lon tank for one or two
horses. One man with
the machine can do
more work than two
men with the old style
sprayers. Works "automatically” in orchard or field
—lio hand pumping required. If you are tired of the
back-breaking hand pumping, and of paying out
half your profit for hired labor— get this labor-sav¬
ing machine— it will pay for itself the first season.
It is made for hard service. Heavy steel axle,
cypress wood tank, one-piece heavy-angle-iron
frame, metal wheels, brass ball valves, plunger
strainer, etc. No leather or rubber about tlie pump’
on this machine. Big pump gives powerful pressure.
Produces
vapor spray
and prevents
blight, scab, rot
and insects
from cutting
your crop in
half. Spray-
arms and noz¬
zles adjustable
to any width or
height of row.
Light draft. Guaranteed for ."> years.
‘DOES WORK EFFECTUALLY’
Tested the Best
In the spraying machine contest held by the National
Horticultural Congress in connection with their fruit show at
Council Bluffs, Iowa, November 10th to 19th last, the gold medal
for sprayers in our class was won by a Hurst Sprayer. This should
convince you of the quality of our machines.
You can get a Hurst Sprayer Absolutely Free
If you are the first in your locality this season to get a Hurst
Sprayer on free trial, we have a plan that will give you your sprayer
entirely free without you paying even the freight. This offer does
not require you to do any canvassing or soliciting. It will only take
15 minutes of your time. We do the work.
Our Five Year Guarantee
We guarantee all Hurst Sprayers to be made of materials best
suited to the purpose. We guarantee all Hurst Sprayers to do well
any work that a sprayer may reasonably be expected to do. We
guarantee all Hurst Sprayers to be exactly as we represent them in
our advertisements, letters, circulars and catalog. If you find that
any Hurst Sprayer does not come up to our claims, you can return
it any time within 10 days of purchase, and we will pay all costs of
transportation both ways.
Four Wheel Power Sprayer for Orchards
(See cut below.)
For extensive orchards powerful as a gasoline engine sprayer, but costs less
and is so simple any one can operate it without trouble. Big double cylinder
pump stores the liquid in the 30-gallon galvanized steel air tank under high
pressure automatically as machine moves from tree to tree ; the liquid thus stored
is forced out through the nozzles by the air pressure back of it when the sprayer
is standing still. In moving on to the next tree the pressure lost in spraying the
last one is regained, which does away with the necessity of hand pumping or the
use of a troublesome gasoline engine. Perfect agitation. Brass valves and work¬
ing parts. 200-gallon cypress wood tank with adjustable half hoops, short turn
gear, steel frame, wheels and axles. Guaranteed for five years.
. a., *'
v ,-v, : ■
“ ■ • • rJif.- y/-- '
• • • .Jy/ y
■M.
&
1
W* A
^ *Y> > V
Vn
V/\ ' '
MvH*|
4m
Spraying Pays Big Profits
You cannot have an orchard without spraying any more than you can
keep up the fertility of your farm without fertilizing. You must insure your
trees against the deadly San Jose scale and other insect pests
which not only cut your crop in half, but destroy your trees, by
using a Hurst Sprayer.
Here’s What You Get
When you get a sprayer from us you get an absolutely free
trial, an opportunity to get the sprayer without it costing you a
: cent and almost your own terms of payment (if you
do not get the sprayer free), an iron-bound five-year
guarantee and the very highest quality of sprayer to
be had. Send us a postal or mark the attached
coupon, stating which machine you are interested in,
and we will send you our fine catalogue, which tells
you all about Hurst Quality Sprayers, spraying guide
and full information on otir free offer to first in each
locality. It’s all free for the asking. You need a
sprayer, so do not delay, hut write us at
once and save money.
>#T'
C .>£>ir
\
Man-power
Potato and Orchard
SPRAYER
Sprays anything— everything. Potatoes, trunk,
etc., 1 rows at a time. Also first-class tree and
vineyard sprayer. Develops high pressure and is
easy to operate.
-G. Cheap in
__ , price, light,
J strong and
durable.
Has 28-inch
wheel with
3-ineh wide
tire. Makes
it easy to
?U8h along.
he 10-gal¬
lon tank is
made of
heavy gal-
Tanized
, , . . iron, coated
on inside with acid-proof enamel — -will last 10 to 13
years.
Spray-arms adjustable to any width or height of
row. Can lie thrown straight up or at any angle
tor spraying vineyards, berries, etc. Equipped with
soluthiiis1*’1 °VCt* ,lever-clog nozzles. Handles aii
In field spraying the machine generates its pressure
automatically as you push it along, and in orchard
spraying you operate
the pump by hand
the same as a barrel
sprayer. Easily chang¬
ed for either work in
five minutes. No
wrench required to do
it. No leather or rub¬
ber about this pump
to cause you trouble.
Brass ball valves,
plunger, strainer, etc.
Warranted for five
years. Special free
sprayer offer for first
in each locality this
season. Write today
— be first and save
money.
it
FITZ-ALL” Barrel Sprayer
Not an ordinary barrel sprayer, but an
exceptionally well-made and perfectly
constructed apparatus. It fits any barret
or tank. It can lie placed In center or at
the side of the barrel end, or on the stave
side. Movable adjustable brackets hold
pump solidly in place. Develops
high pressure and is easy to operate.
Parts exposed to the chemicals, as
plunger, plunger ease, valves,
strainer, are all made of solid
brass. Most durable pump
made. Perfect agitation — two
long paddles working at the
side of pump keep tha
mixture thoroughly
churned at all times.
Strainer cleaner and
third agitator cleanses
the fine strainer at
every stroke — the only
all metal straight
cleaner on the market,
and the only one that
will not give out and
Can be used with one or two leads
\
\Ws
rt;//
' ns i
v&'-i
*Zs.
7\ vSJ
ILL. Hurst Mg'f. Co.
2811 North Street,
Canton, Ohio
cause trouble,
of hose as
d es i red.
E q u i p p e d
with the
Hurst Im-
proved
Neve r-Clog
Nozzle. 5-
y e a r war¬
ranty. Send
coupon o r
post card to¬
day. Be first
to write.
iisq
*SiKfL5
This Adv. Will Not Appear Again.
H. L, HURST MANUFACTURING CO.
2811 NORTH ST., CANTON, OHIO.
FILL OUT, MAIL TODAY.
COUPON
Please send me full detailed Information about your .
. .... .. Sprayer;
also Catalog, Spraying Guide and copy of “TRIAL OFFER.”
NAME . .
TOWN . STATE .
(Use margin of page if necessary.)
70
January 21,
RURAL NEW-YORKER
Hope Farm Notes
There is a flood of questions this sea¬
son the like of which I have not seen
before.
I would like to ask the Hope Farm man
what be would advise a single man to do
with his money when he is working on a
farm by the month, and can save anywhere
from $200 to $300 a year? He is looking
ahead to a time when he can buy a place
of his own. J- v-
Up here in northern New Jersey the
best investments for such a man are
savings banks and local building and
loan associations. The savings banks
pay four per cent, and are safe. The
building and loan will often pay five to
six per cent., and when properly man¬
aged are reliable. I would put my
money into such institutions at sure in¬
terest even if small. Do not under any
circumstances buy shares of stock in
"large” institutions which promise big
dividends. Keep out of gold mines and
wildcat schemes, and do not loan your
money on personal notes without good
security. If you can get money enough
to get a good real estate mortgage do so,
but a man like you wants his money
safe and at the same time where he can
get it when necessary. I have had
people who had “prospects” to sell find
fault with this advice. They say the
man who sticks to the savings bank is
like the man in the parable who hid his
talent in the ground. Don’t you let
them fool you with any such argument.
There are some born traders who can
safely speculate, but most of us will do
better to stick to solid things.
Carrots and beets were sown side by side
the last season. Carrots did well, beets
very poorly. Can you suggest the reason?
E. s. B.
I can make a guess and that is all.
One good test for the use of lime is to
sow table beet seed. This vegetable is
peculiarly a lime plant. Unless lime is
present the beet will not do well, and
this living test is regarded as a sure one.
On the other hand, carrots, while need¬
ing lime, will not respond to it as
quickly as beets do. I think, therefore,
that the beets failed because that soil is
too sour. I should regard it as a sure
indication that lime or wood ashes was
needed.
Late Seeding to Clover. — Here is a
question which I have often considered:
Last Fall I purchased a farm. Two
fields had been seeded with Timothy, no
clover sown. The Timothy made a nice
growth ; is so Thick I am thinking of har¬
rowing in Spring and sowing a liberal
amount of nitrate of soda and phosphoric
acid mixed, and seed at the same time with
Alsike. Please give me your experience
with the first seeding with Timothy.
New York. J. o. c.
My experience is that clover seeding
under such conditions is almost sure to
fail. The harrowing and fertilizing make
the best possible treatment, but with us,
after the grass has had a year’s start and
made a good sod, it is very hard to
bring clover in. I have seen this tried
several times — never with full success. I
think clover must have open soil or a
very young crop of grain or grass in
order to make a good start.
1 have a strawberry bed which is cov¬
ered with straw hauled from barns uptown,
sind it affords a line place for my neigh¬
bors’ chickens to scratch in, causing serious
damage to the weaker plants. They say I
can’t compel them to keep the hens closed
up at this time of the year, being outside
of the city. Do I have to fence against
them, or what shall I do to get rid of
them? I have no chickens of my own.
You are against a hard proposition in
Winter damage by chickens. You can¬
not compel your neighbor to keep his
hens up. All you could legally do would
be to sue him for the damage they
might do. You can fence around
the berries or if, after notifying
your neighbor, the hens still come
you can shoot into the flock. All he
could do in such case would be to sue
for the value of the hens you killed—
unless, of course, he tried to settle . it
personally. I never know how to advise
in a case of hen trespass. “The Business
Hen” with a mean man back of her can
stir up a neighborhood row as sharp as
the business end of a hornet.
On page 1164 the Hope Farm man asks
"Who is the Moses to touch this red soil
and let the people pass out of bondage?”
He recalls to mind a sermon preached by a
colored preacher at Staunton, Virginia, some
years ago. His name was Moses, and he
was quite fond of preaching sermons
wherein Moses figured, and in the course
of one he referred to the wonderful view
to be obtained at Afton, Va., where the
mountain drops almost sheer down, reveal¬
ing a magnificent panorama of farms, or¬
chards, and old colonial houses in the val¬
ley below. After elaborating on same for
two hours, he asked the choir to sing an
appropriate hymn. They surprised him by
rendering in fine voice, “Could we but stand
where Moses stood, and view the land¬
scape o’er.” b. t.
Well, sir, that certainly was appro¬
priate. I have had a number of protests
from Southern men who say that those
remarks about Southern farm land were
not fair. They forget that what I stated
represented the opinions of Southern
farmers with whom I talked. I am not
qualified to lay down any laws — from
looking out of a car window, and I will
resign the job of Moses long before it
is offered me. The South, however,
needs a whole army of men who will go
down into the Egypt of those red old
lands and “let my people go.”
On page 1120, in "Hope Farm Notes.” I
notice an inquiry in regard to Fall plowing.
As you are always willing to give all a
hearing may I beg to differ with the views
expressed in your comment on the question ?
I hold that ‘ however good a theory may
be from a scientific standpoint, if experi¬
ence has proved to the contrary, that must
be the guide. I have never resided in New
Jersey and cannot say what methods are
best employed there, but I have lived in
New Hampshire all my life. I have always
advocated and practiced Fall plowing as
much as possible and I have yet to notice
any bad results from it As a market gar¬
dener I find the land cannot be put in
too good shape for planting and Fall plow¬
ing greatly aids in accomplishing this, and
even on old ground a Fall and a Spring
plowing are advantageous to a good gar¬
den. i hold that corn stubble and other
roots or stubble when turned under in
the late Fall not only rot and make
the ground in better condition to work
the next Spring, but also add to the fer¬
tilization bv decomposition. On land that
is to be used for other than garden pur¬
poses and will not need a second plowing
the coming Spring, Fall plowing greatly
facilitates the Spring work and the land
is accessible much earlier. To finish the
Fall plowing just before the ground closes
is in my opinion desirable. In this way
sod ground is given a longer time to rot
and become mellow. I have been a market
gardener all my life and have for many
years practiced Fall plowing and have used
but little commercial fertilizer the last few
years, and I may say with due modesty
that such remarks by my neighbors as
“You never had a better crop of peas,” and
“What do you put under them to make such
vigorous looking vines,” and the fact that
the demand for my products is often greater
than the supply, indicates to me no detri¬
ment from Fall plowing. I should like to
hear from others who have based their
opinion on their own experience.
Wilton, N. H. J. L. p.
My wish is to give all a chance in the
discussion. I think this is largely a mat¬
ter of locality. Our Winters are milder
and shorter than in New Hampshire.
Our soil is lacking in humus. We aim
to add all we can. Rye and clover often
grow through our mild spells — so does
sod. Our Springs are warmer and decay
starts in early. In New Hampshire the
ground freezes early and does not thaw
out all Winter. This solid freezing
breaks up the sod and has an excellent
effect on the soil. Fall plowing gets the
work out of the way, and when Spring
comes there is no delay. With us, on
our hills Fall-plowed land would be
washed and gullied by the rains in Feb¬
ruary and March, while in New Hamp¬
shire there would be no such trouble.
While I grant that our friend’s practice
is right, I still think our Jersey soil
should not lie bare and open through
the Winter.
Home Notes. — Reports from Florida
were that the mercury went to 25 de¬
grees one morning. I have not yet learned
if any serious damage was done to the
oranges. I imagine the boy’s garden suf¬
fered. The climate of north Florida is
certainly treacherous. When the warn¬
ings that fly ahead of this cold wave
came the air was soft and balmy and
people were out in their lightest clothes
— glad to seek the shade. True, we had
nearly as great a change in New Jersey
within 48 hours of New Year’s Day, but
up here we rather expect such things in
Winter, and are ready for them. I am
overrun with letters from people who
want to know if they can make a living
in Florida on a small place, and with
limited capital. I frankly say that I do
not know. Let these people take a map
and measure the distance from the
Georgia line to the end of the Florida
Keys. Then measure the same distance
from the southern line of New Hamp¬
shire down. You will reach to North
Carolina. Now suppose you asked me
if within this territory somewhere a man
could make a living on a small farm !
Florida will offer even greater diversity
of climate and soil than the stretch of
country at the North will. There are
parts of the State well favored by nature
where I think a man could do well. In
others I should feel sorry for him. Right
where we are people live but do not get
rich by any means. A man can easily
hand you out the truth about some par¬
ticular section of Florida, yet when you
come to apply it 25 miles away it will
not fit. One thing is sure — as a place
for resting and healing the weary body
or mind Florida in Winter cannot be
beaten — but be sure you have the price.
H. w. c.
illLli!
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Light
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CLARK’S “CUTAWAY” SMOOTHING HARROW
Also used for grading and leveling.
With this light, handy tool any field can be made
as smooth as a floor, and the soil pulverized fine
enough for a flower bed — makes a most perfect
onion bed. In twenty minutes you can easily
smooth an acre as true as a mill pond.
It’s a great road maker. A man with team can
make a perfect trotting track of any road. The
driver controls entire action of this harrow with
one adjustable lever. One horse, 6ft.; two horse,
8 ft. Made in other lengths, if desired. Send for
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CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 839 Mai* St, Higeanra, Conn.
Horse
OICE VIRGINIA FARMS
Along Chesapeake & Ohio Railway as low as $15.00 per acre. Rich
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address Iv. T. CRAWLEY, Industrial A.ct.
C. & O. RY.. Box Z RICHMOND, VA.
jm
I want iooo Farmers who have never
used it to make a Trial Experiment with
Nitrate of Soda
on a small part of a field, on any stap1^
Crop. It will be a useful demonstration
of the value of Nitrate as a Fertilizer
when used as a Top Dressing. The Trial
Will Cost You Nothing
Send your name and address on Post
Card for instructions and conditions
Dr, WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director of Propaganda
71 Nassau Street, New York
No Branch Offices
/*" - — - — — ”Y
A live man in your neigh-
v
borhood can create a good,
business for himself by
selling our fertilizers.
They are rightly balanced
and blended to improve
both crops and soil. They
are well known and pop¬
ular, hence sell readily to
progressive farmers.
We are among the largest manufact¬
urers in the world. Our factories
never shut down.
Send for free Booklet and ask for
Agency today; address nearest office.
The American Agricultural Chemical Company
Baltimore,
Boston,
Cincinnati,
Cleveland,
Detroit,
Jacksonville,
Los Anreles,
Philadelphia,
New York,
Savannah,
St. Louis.
1911.
71
Rural isms
THE PASSION FRUIT.
Many southern readers are familiar
with the native American passion-flower,
Passiflora incarnata, the fruit of which
is known as May-pops. Fig. 27, shows
another species, P. edulis, as grown in
Australia, the photograph being fur¬
nished to the Plant Introduction Bureau
by H. D. Baker, Vice Consul-general,
Sydney. This passion-flower is a na¬
tive of Brazil, now widely distributed
in tropical countries. In Australia this
can be grown like a grape on trellises,
and may be grown from seed or cut¬
tings. It grows well in any ordinary
open soil if well manured. Prolits are
reported to run from $100 to nearly
$300 per acre annually, and the cultiva¬
tion is very simple. The vines should
be renewed after five years. Hence it is
often used as a catch crop in young or¬
chards, being removed as the fruit trees
come into bearing. It might be used
thus to advantage in southern Florida
and California. The fruits are as large
as a large hen’s egg, of a rich purple
color, and the pulp is much used in
Australia for flavoring ices, in the prepa¬
ration of fruit salads, for confectioner}',
for icing cakes and other dishes, for
"trifle,” an Australian dish composed
of sponge cake, fruits, cream and white
end of September or. beginning of October.
Shelter young plants until they get started.
Some- fruit will be obtained the first sea¬
son, full crop the second season. Vines are
about done in four years. The passion
fruit does wonderfully well in the sand¬
stone country around Sydney, yet it grows
almost wild in the semi-tropical climate of
the Northern Rivers, N. S. W.
Another passion-fruit familiar in
tropical countries is the granadilla,
Passiflora quadrangularis, which is
freely sold in South American markets,
and in other countries where climatic
conditions are favorable. A variegated
form of the granadilla makes a hand¬
some greenhouse climber.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
When you write advertisers mention The
THE GIANT HIMALAYA BERRY.
Several Readers. — What is the “Giant
Himalaya Berry” advertised by several
firms? There is a picture of a bush about
the size of a house and carrying some 100
crates of berries. The advertisement says
that "no description can do justice to this
great berry.”
A ns. — The “Himalaya” berry is an
Asiatic form of the Old World Rubus
fruticosus, or European bramble. It
is a trailing blackberry or rather dew¬
berry, of vigorous growth, with rather
finely divided foliage and pinkish blooms.
In deep rich soils with liberal culture
and ample irrigation it is highly produc¬
tive, thriving best in the milder Pacific
coast climates. It has been little tested
in the East, but could scarcely be ex¬
pected to prove hardy where severe
frosts occur. The berries are borne in
large clusters, are of fair size, black
PASSIFLORA EDULIS, THE PASSION FRUIT. Fig. 27.
of eggs mixed [An English dainty
originally. Eds.], for jams, and other
table purposes. It may also be eaten in
the natural state, the pulp being re¬
moved with a spoon and eaten seeds
and all, but the seeds are removed when
used in syrups, ice cream, etc. It may
prove of value for the manufacture of
syrups, for soft drinks, although the
small amount of juice in each fruit
may be objectionable. It has proven a
very interesting and profitable green¬
house fruit in England.
The following statement about passion
fruit culture is made by James Moody,
a Melbourne orchardist: :
Passion fruit will grow in tlae States ;
they prefer a loose, sandy soil, but must
be high enough up to be out of reach of
rrosts, near the sea for preference, within,
say, 10 miles. They require plenty of
manure and to be grown on a wire trellis,
that is, an ordinary fence with posts 15
teet apart and in place of having the wire
as in the fence, nail a cross-piece about 18
Inches long on the top of each post and
run two wires along this cross-piece. Train
the vine up by main stem until the wires
are reached, then run an arm out each side
alone the wires. The lateral growth will
hang down like a curtain and the fruit is
borne on this lateral growth. Plant vines
lo feet apart, one between each post ;
tram vine up a stick, until it reaches the
wire. Rows to be 15 feet apart: the best
manure for them, 1500 pounds to the acre,
<00 bone dust, 500 superphosphate, 300
potash, if the Winter be fairly warm, a
winter crop can be grown by pruning in
A* *Pri,ng or early Summer by cutting
on the lateral growth a foot below the
wires and then manuring, but if the Win¬
ter is not mild I would simply go in for
tne natural Summer crop, prune as above
me in winter and manure early in Spring,
ine vines are raised in seed boxes from
5???: si“Ply wash the pulp out of the
rruit and dry the ■ seed ; plant out when
about six inches high. Do not allow any
lateral growth until the wires are reached,
we plant out here in Australia about the
when fully ripe and of excellent flavor,
but so soft in texture as to be of little
value except for home use. The “Hima¬
laya” is well liked and widely grown in
California gardens, but the fruit is rarely
seen in market. The blackberries most
profitably grown in the Pacific States are
the Evergreen, probably a form of the
Old World Rubus laciniatus, which
thrives well in the Oregon and Wash¬
ington coast levels, the Loganberry,
Phenomenal, Mammoth, Lucretia and
Gardena. All are of the trailing or dew¬
berry type, and are of doubtful hardiness
in cold climates except the last two,
which were probably derived from the
common eastern dewberry, Rubus tri—
vialis. Gardena is one of the earliest of
bramble berries, but is rated as poor in
quality. Lucretia is everywhere favor¬
ably known. The Mammoth is the larg¬
est fruited of Judge Logan’s seedlings.
The glossy blackberries grow nearly two
inches long and are of pleasant flavor,
but plants are not always productive.
The Loganberry and Phenomenal are
plainly hybrids of the European red
raspberry and native Pacific dewberry,
R. vitifolius, the latter by Burbank.
Both bear long purplish berries having a
firm receptacle or core like ordinary
blackberries, but with tart raspberry
flavor. Both are successfully grown in
California, but the Loganberry finds
greatest favor abroad, and has been made
to thrive, with slight protection, in the
neighborhood of Washington, D. G.
~ - *> : : ' ■ ' W. V. F.
R. N.-Y. and you'n get a quick reply and
‘a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
This Valuable Book,
Telling When and How
to Spray, Sent Free
T F your fruit trees
or garden plants
are infested with
destructive pests, it
is time for you to
get them under con¬
trol. It is impor¬
tant that you know
just what insects are causing the
damage and the proper method of
extermination as correctly given in
“Spraying, a Profitable Investment,”
a handsomely illustrated book of 120
pages. It gives you the “How” and
the “Why” of it in plain language,
which makes it equally as valuable
to the inexperienced as to the ex¬
perienced grower. A great amount
of time and money is wasted each
year in spraying at the wrong time
or with the improper material. How
much do you waste ?
Write for a copy of this book and
save money. It’s free.
The Best Spray Pump
Sprays the tallest fruit trees from the ground.
Special nozzle for grape vines, shrubs, etc.
Sprays quickest and best. Does the work in
half the time and does it thoroughly. Always
ready. Used with bucket, barrel or tank.
Lasts a lifetime. No leathers to dry up, wear
out, or make trouble.
Standard Spray Pump
Warranted for 5 Years. Price $4.00.
It will not cost you a cent to try it. Our
special offer gives complete details. Write
for it today and we will also send our illus¬
trated circular showing how this pump pays
for itself many times over the first season.
The Standard Stamping Co.
94 Main Street Marysville, O.
C D D AN/' COMPLYING WITH THE INSECTICIDE ACTOFI9IO
3rKAT IT WILL PAY YOU TO USE EITHER
PASTE OR POWDERED""
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS «o AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
_ i FT lull A T
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOUCITeo!
1017
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
MAKERS OF HIGHESTGRADE
INSECTICIDES
* 635 Canal Rd.
Cleveland - - - - Ohio
“ONE FOR ALL,” No. 1
Wool Grease, Arsenate of Lead, Lime and
Sulphur. Both a Contact and Poison
Spray. An Insecticide and Fungicide.
Positively the Only Thing Needed for all Pests or Fungus
A tonic for vegetation. Sick trees made well j
old trees rejuvenated to youthful vigor; better
foliage; larger and more abundant fruit. Neither
suckingor chewing insects nor fungus will attack
wood that has "One For All" upon it. After one
fall spraying no dormant spraying will be needed.
Spraying confined to the growing season. Scale
exterminated. Positive evidence from practical
growers furnished upon application.
Prices, F. O. B. New York
Barrels, 425 lbs . . ,05c. per lb
K Bbls., 200 lbs . 05 'A “
100 lbs . 06 “
50 Jbs . . . 06A **
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
Established 1852
Front Street New Yorfr
“KANT-KLOG”
SPRAYERS 4S
Something New
Gets twice the results—
with same labor ami fluid.
Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays
from same nozzle. Ton styles. For
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing,
etc. Agents Wanted. Booklet Free.
Rochester Spray Pump Co.
Spraying
Gmd. Free
THE HAMILTON RESERVOIR
ORCHARD
HEATER
Positively
the most
effective
heater be¬
cause of its
REOULATED
flltE. Many
other points of superiority.
Write for our RED BOOK on orchard
heating free. Tells you how best to smudge
HAMILTON ORCHARD HEATER CO.. Grand Junction, Colt.
Patented
Oct. 6, 1908
FRUIT GROWERS FAVORITE SAW
IS THE MOST PRACTICAL TREE PRUNER EVER INVENTED
Because it saves time ami labor and is so easy to
handle. It is made with a 15-ineh draw cut blade
and has a 7 or 8 foot handle.
Write, today for Descriptive Circular and Prices.
FRUIT GROWERS SAW COMPANY. Scottsville, New York.
6 YEARS’ use has proven that SAN JOSE SCALE
and all FUNGOUS diseases, controllable during the dormant season, are absolutely controlled
Dy tne use oi
it
SCALECIDE
There is but one— “PRATT’S” Trade Mark, Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.
Prices: In barrels and half-barrels, 50c per gallon; “
1 gal. cans. $1.00. If you want cheap oils, our “ CARBOL
ANYTHING ELSE. Send today for free Booklets,
Methods of Harvesting, Grading, and Packing Apples.”
B. G. PRATT COMPANY. Mlg. Chemists. SO CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY
'with
the
Empire King.
cnDAv
aPGft ■ He "who attempts to grow fruits without a Sprayer is hand!*
H m capped. Blight and bugs, rot and rust, mold and mildew, all
B * conspire to damage the crop, and in all caaes succeed if the farmer doea
not spray. This is the only hand pump having automatic agitator and brush for clean-
lug strainer. Yalnable book of instruction free. FIELD FORCE PUMP C0..2 llTH S?., ELMIRA. N. Y
'•
a »*
*
HORSE- POWER
SPRAMOTO R
High Pressure 100 to 300 lbs.,
for 1 or 3 horses. Over 500 in
use. Automatic regulator (no
safety valve) nozzle protector.
12-gal. air tank, largest capa¬
city. Can be hand operated.
Nozzle controlled automati¬
cally, as to height, width and
direction.
Also for orchard, melons,
potatoes, etc. The largest line
of spraying machines in the
world. Guaranteed against
all defects for 1 year. Partic¬
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This ad will not appear again
in this paper.
E. H. HEARD
1327 Erie Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
72
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER.
A National Weakly Journal for Country and Suburban Homea.
Established 1850.
FaUaM weekly by the Kara! Pobllihing Company, 409 Pearl Street, Heir York,
Hkbbkbt W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. P. Dillon, Secretary. Mbs. E. T. Roylb, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, oqual to
8s. 6d., or 8^ marks, or 10 *2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timi
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash must accompany transient orders.
•‘A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in ourcolumns, and any such swmdlerwill be publicly ex¬
posed. Wejprotect suberibers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned Thu Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
No — we cannot hear those western corn growers
marching up to get into that corn contest. That is a
very sensible statement about corn culture on page 64.
*
The New York State Fair Commission promises to
select 100 New York boys who are to be sent free to
the State Fair. These boys are to be selected by the
various Granges and are to be the guests of the Com¬
missioners. The object is to give these boys the
benefit of any agricultural education which the State
Fair can furnish. The boys should be such as can
appreciate such a trip. This is a good idea and should
be fully developed.
*
The letter from the apple buyers on page 60 is the
strongest compliment to a body of farmers or fruit
growers we have read. Out of nearly half a million
boxes of apples not one has been found defective by
reason of bad packing or culls. That is probably the
chief reason for the great success of this western
fruit. Some of the eastern fruit is quite as good.
Boxed apples from the Hudson Valley outsold Hood
River fruit in the Liverpool market this season.
There is no cull in the western package, and that is
the great secret of success.
*
Since the recent article on pasturing hogs on rape
was printed we have been overrun with questions about
this crop. Full details will be given before Spring.
Right now we will say that the rape plant is like a
turnip all gone to top without any bulb or large root.
It is a member of the turnip family and is seeded in
all respects like turnips — either broadcast or in drills.
It makes a large quantity of green forage for hogs,
sheep or poultry, but is useless for hay. It will evi¬
dently be largely used this Spring.
*
Mr. W. J. Dougan is the Jerseyman who will put
up 10 of his hens against two of his neighbors’ cows.
It appears that Mr. Dougan is an ex-policeman from
New York. We told him he probably arrested the
hens for vagrancy and threatened to send them to the
“Island.” Here is his reply:
You are wrong about the liens being arrested for va¬
grancy. They were taken as “suspicious characters,” and
had the “third degree” worked on them, and they
“coughed up.” w. J. dougan.
He will tell how they do it— beginning next week.
*
The experience with the cow outlined on page 81,
shows one advantage of having a bank account and
paying by check. If this man had paid cash for the
cow and then found her milk record a fraud he
would have been out the price of the cow. As it was
he had a chance to try the cow before the check could
be cashed. As she failed to make good he stopped
payment on the check and held his money. Another
thing to remember is that an endorsement on a check
is evidence of payment, while there is no such evi¬
dence when cash is paid without witnesses.
*
A few years ago one heard little except Bordeaux
Mixture at horticultural conventions when plant dis¬
eases were discussed. This mixture was once con¬
sidered the only hope for farmers. Then came com¬
plaints of “Bordeaux injury” and failure to do its
work. There was a demand for a substitute. This
year one rarely hears Bordeaux mentioned. The talk
is now for lime and sulphur, which has given remark¬
able results as a fungicide. The lime-sulphur alone
or in combination with arsenate of lead comes as near
to being a plant cure-all as we are likely to get in
many years. It is, without question, a substitute for
I THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Bordeaux. In working out this substitute and help¬
ing to make it practical, our scientific men will save
to the fruit industry more than the entire cost of
our experiment stations — and this is but one of many
things they are doing.
A
Yes, gentlemen, the time has now come in this
country when any farmer who wants to can learn how
to produce a larger crop. Let him call for the infor¬
mation and a volume of it will be offered him. The
truth is that the farmer does not need to raise larger
crops half as much as he needs to raise his share of
the consumer’s dollar. That is the greatest living
question of the age — how to get our share of what is
paid for the food we produce. At present the farmer
averages 35 cents of the consumer's dollar. Give him
50 and he will spend the difference in such a way
that it will improve every line of honest business in
the country. Come now and tell us how to raise the
dollar.
*
It ia my belief that the work you are doing in stirring
up the agricultural profession to a knowledge of the need
of united, persevering action, if they are to get the po¬
litical reforms needed, is of great worth, because you are
constantly at it, because you present facts logically, and
because what we see continually repeated in “cold” print
will at some time wear an impression in our minds, as
the dropping water wears a hole in a stone. r. w. r.
Sledge hammer blows are useful at times, but for
breaking down the wall which surrounds human
nature the steady rapping and pounding is what does
the business. Prejudice and habit are often respon¬
sible for failure to take advantage of opportunity.
The way to overcome this is to form new habits of
thought. That is why we keep at a subject as cheer¬
fully as a bulldog until the facts and what they
stand for get into mind.
♦
“Railroads assisting the farmers.” We are asked
to give “personal attention” to the following propo¬
sition :
It is doubtful if the railroads have entered into any
new departure in recent years that will result in more
material good than the educational work they are now
carrying on in promoting practical farming. The special
interest taken in the science of intensive farming along
their respective lines has assisted the farmers and given
them new inspirations as well as new ideas.
Our “personal opinion” is that the farmers of this
country do not need that education which shows
them how to produce more, half as much as that
which will show them how to get a larger share of
the consumer’s dollar. The model farms and free
trains maintained by the railroads help the railroads
and very likely, though incidentally, the farmers.
Suppose a wise man saw an overloaded horse strug¬
gling to haul his load. This wise man stands still
and proves by all his science that if the wheels were
larger or well greased or if the horse had another
collar he ought to haul the load. But that man does
not put his shoulder to the wheel and help push the
load. We think the railroads are much like that wise
man. They are better qualified to analyze the con¬
sumer’s dollar than any other interest which takes a
share of it. Let them trace 5,000 shipments of pro¬
duce from the country platform to the city table, and
tell us exactly who gets the 65 cents which misses the
farmer. This would be help just like pushing the
wheel to help the horse.
*
Circulars against parcels post are being distributed
by the million, and some farmers are thoughtlessly
signing them. Do not under any circumstances sign
these circulars or petitions. They will only put you
on the wrong side. Just now we hear much talk
about an experiment with parcels post on rural routes.
It will be extended “if the revenue to the Department
warrants it.” Here we have another little joker. The
salaries of postmasters and assistants are based upon
the receipts of their offices, and they would retain a
portion of all increased revenue. Fourth class post¬
masters retain the first $50 collected in each quarter,
60 per cent of the next hundred, and 50 per cent
of the balance collected until his income reaches $250
per quarter for four successive quarters, when he is
placed in the Presidential class and paid a straight
salary. What is left of this to the Department is
supposed to be used for extending parcels post. How
much do you think will be left of this revenue? They
know the answer now, and that is why this plan is
held out to you. Practically everything offered us
thus far contains a “joker” which is intended to fool
us. The express companies know that something must
be done, and they will if possible give us something
that is doomed to failure from the start. Here is
our plan : Let Congress establish a parcels post law.
On its passage and enforcement raise the maximum
weight of a package one pound, or to five pounds.
After two months more raise to six pounds and in two
more to seven pounds. Then after four months raise
the weight to eight pounds and to nine, 10 and 11
pounds at intervals of six-month periods. This will
January 21,
take two years and two months until it will be in
full force, and the increase in revenue will pay for
any increase in expenditures, and there will be a sur¬
plus besides when it is in full force. This can be
made to work in many ways by varying the time that
must elapse between a pound raise. If there is any¬
thing wrong with that plan we want to know it.
*
You are certainly doing a grand good thing in urging
your subscribers to write plain, straightforward letters
to their Congressmen — not petition them. I was sitting
in the Senate gallery when Penrose arose to read that
monster petition of the women of the United States
asking that Senator Smoot be senatorially chloroformed.
I have forgotten how many thousand signers there were
to that petition, but newspaper files will tell you if in¬
terested. However, that was certainly a case where a
real live grown-up petition had a chance to show what it
could do. If Senator Smoot even so much as blinked
because of it the public was never the wiser. The peti¬
tion went on file. It is still on file — will probably be
on file when Miss Liberty topples off the dome of the
Capitol. About 10 days later, while chatting with a
friend in one of the House corridors, I overheard a
Southern Congressman remark to a man : “I shall not
vote against it. I received a dozen letters today urging
me to vote for it.” s. H. M.
That note from an Ohio correspondent beats our
ability to express what we have advocated so long.
Do not bother with petitions. Get right out with the
personal letter. Write it yourself, make it natural,
and if you do not think it is strong enough wait until
your wife feels strongly about some grievance and
then ask her to “put a few thoughts on paper.”
*
The banquet given by the New York State Fruit
Growers at Rochester was beyond question one of the
most remarkable gatherings of farmers ever held in
this country. There were about 800 men and women
at the tables, and it would be hard to match that
company in appearance and character. With Dr. L.
H. Bailey as toastmaster the speeches were short, to
the point and with high purpose and character. There
was no session of the entire convention more produc¬
tive of good to the society than this banquet. Men
brought their wives and children, all united with
good spirit and social cheer and everyone went home
with renewed pride and hope for the business of fruit
growing. When a body of farmers can come forward
and hire a great hall and fill it, order a dinner equal
to the best and pay for it, organize their own meet¬
ing and carry it out with a strength and dignity equal
to that displayed at any banquet in Rochester, they
give solid benefit to the entire business of farming.
Some of us who were there remembered that little
meeting of earnest men in Syracuse nine years ago,
when the fruit growers were organized. We could
not half fill a small hall at that time, but those who
did come were men of energy and faith, and they
must have had strange thoughts while looking over
the multitude at Rochester last week. One of the
best features of that meeting was the large number
of young men who were present. A special effort had
been made to render this banquet attractive to young
people, and they responded. No question about it, the
banquet is a strong feature of any farmers’ meeting.
Michigan, Connecticut and other States have adopted
the plan, and all report it successful.
BREVITIES.
Eternal vigilance is the price you must pay for being
liberal.
It makes the imagination stretch to believe all they
tell us about this vetch.
We want all the facts possible about the use of lime-
sulphur on potatoes to check blight.
The States on the Pacific coast have made a remark¬
able increase of population in the past 10 years. In
California at least this means the breaking up of the
large ranches into smaller farms.
The drought proved a bonanza to some farmers with
deep wells, for they sold water — in some cases at or
above milk prices. It is hard to charge for water. Air
will have a price next.
Talk about the revival of some of these worn-out farms
— a reader in Massachusetts went back to the farm where
he was raised. Three years ago it kept six cows and a
horse. Now he has 47 head of cattle and three horses.
Parts of Kansas will receive a full dose of chinch bugs
this year. The insects are now present in multitudes
in the bunch grass. The experiment stations advise
farmers to hunt for the insects and when found to burn
the grass over — running the fire close to the ground.
We understand that in the Northwest millers dis¬
criminated against Velvet Chaff wheat to the extent of
seven cents per bushel, as compared with No. 1 Northern.
The North Dakota Agricultural College has proved the
value of Velvet Chaff by baking tests so completely that
this difference in price has been wiped out.
It seems that the “Giant” berry, extravagantly adver¬
tised by Mills and a few other seedsmen, is a fairly
useful berry for home gardens in California, and pos¬
sibly for the Gulf Coast, but the fruits are too soft for
market, and it is not at all likely to be hardy north
of the Carolinas. Our judgment is that it will prove a
disappointment to the Eastern people. Latest reports
show that it is probably a strain of the old Evergreen
berry, tried and found worthless away from the Pacific
coast.
1911.
73
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
Thrown into a Pool.
Is E. G. Lewis a born genius? His
success in separating so many inexperi¬
enced country people from their money
would seem to indicate a form of talent;
but somehow there is a monotonous
sameness about his flights of genius that
fails to inspire us with admiring enthu¬
siasm. Some forms of talent always
have the annoying suggestive elements
of the pickpocket and the counterfeiter.
The “Readers’ Pool” mirage was one
of the Lewis art creations which won
the spontaneous approval of emancipated
and co-operative womanhood in the
early days of 1908. In order to induce
women to become _ his subscription
agents and pay their own expenses,
sending him all the collections, he told
them in the February and April
Woman’s Magazine of the wonderful
growth and prosperity of the papers —
ail of which he now admits in National
Daily of October 15, 1910, was a
dream — and then developed the follow¬
ing clever creation of genius :
Every person who sent him $5 for
subscriptions to his papers became a
member of the “Readers’ Pool.” A cer¬
tificate of membership was issued to
her, and $2 was placed in a trust fund.
As soon as this fund was large enough,
the money would be invested in land.
This land would be divided into build¬
ing lots, and sold for the benefit of the
certificate holders. You could get as
many certificates as you sent $5 bills;
and each certificate was to be worth
several times the $5. In National Daily,
April 1, 1908, page 5, he says it makes
no difference about number of members.
The pool would close April 12, and land
purchased would be in proportion to
number of certificates. Later on a 50-
acre lot was to be purchased. It was
to cost $75,000, and with $25,000 im¬
provements would bring the members
$600,000, to be paid them in regular
semi-annual payments. All done just
to show the results of pulling together.
Then on April 15, page 7, comes the
great hurrah. The remittance of April
12th was so large, it could not be told
for several days how much had been
received, but surely enough for the 50
acres. Lewis had taken the bull by the
horns, and the 50 acres were already
purchased. It was to be a square deal.
Thousands of dollars were deposited in
a special account to credit of the “pool”
But the promise to close the “pool” on
April 12th was forgotten, more certifi¬
cates were to be issued as fast as the
$5 remittances came in ; $20,000 had
been received in 10 days. As soon as
he had money enough to improve the
lot the “pool” would again close, and
Pool No. 2 would open. Sales would
begin in the Fall of 1908, and every
member would get her share of the prof¬
its until the last foot was sold. On May
2, National Daily, page 13, he had for¬
gotten all about the bull and the horns
and the 50 acres, but after careful con¬
sideration he had concluded to buy 48J4
acres worth $5,000 an acre, but bought
for the “pool” under his wise option for
$2,225 per acre. There would be 100,-
000 certificates representing' $200,000.
The cost of this land was $108,000;
needed for improvements, $42,000. Ig¬
noring his previous pledges Lewis now
demanded $50,000 extra as an alleged
loan fund, which he said would double
in five years. When one timid sister
protested against the change and asked
to have_the investing stopoed, and the
flow of money reversed so that the in¬
vestors could get some of the promised
profits on which they were depending for
a living, she got a full page explanation
and a reproof. The profits were now
to be a million dollars. No officer
could hold a certificate, or draw salary
or profit in any way in the pool. It was
all for members, the profits, as well as
$200,000 principal. For the first time
the plain people were to share in the
unearned increment of land. Twice each
year the profits would be divided until
the last foot was sold, and the proceeds
in the pockets of members. It was, he
said, a business deal. The members of
the pool by sending him the subscrip¬
tions had added millions to his pub¬
lishing profits. In exchange he gave
them several millions of real estate prof¬
its. But they must keep on sending the
fives.
All this was nearly three years ago.
Who knows what has become of the
money, or the land, or the profits? The
women don’t know, and those who have
inquired have not been informed. A
square deal forsooth. It may be a
damaging admission to say we cannot
appreciate such evident genius, or en¬
thuse over the success of practical tal¬
ent. It is no doubt our misfortune that
we cannot rise to the appreciation of a
fame which has established itself on that
kind of skill.
A similar scheme was worked on the
“Endowment Certificates” and again on
the “Builders’ Fund,” and in the League
right down to date in the Debentures.
Follow it and you will find genius run¬
ning in a very narrow rut and always
crying the same monotonous song of
cash for Lewis and promises for his
dupes.
If. talent for getting other people’s
earnings and savings without giving
them anything of value in return is a
mark of genius then Lewis deserves a
tablet in the Hall of Fame. We had
always associated such characteristics
with mental aberration and moral de¬
pravity. _
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — The Government has brought
suit in equity in the United States Circuit
Court at New York under the Sherman
act, which is now more than 20 years old,
to restrain British, German, Dutch, Russian
and American passenger-carrying Atlantic
liners, entering or clearing from the ports
of the United States at all unless they
abandon an agreement as to steerage rates
alleged to have been entered into in Don-
don in 1908 and described as monopolis¬
tic. The Sherman act declares that every
contract, combination or conspiracy in re¬
straint of trade with foreign nations, as
well as between States, is illegal, and that
everybody who enters into it may be fined
$5,000 or imprisoned a year, but the near¬
est practical way of enforcing the law in
this case, against the British and Germans,
for instance, Is deemed to be the closing
of the ports of the United States to their
ships by means of an equity proceeding
for that relief.
James J. Gallagher, whom a jury in the
Hudson County Court of Oyer and Ter¬
miner in Jersey City declared to be sane,
was convicted January 4 in the same
court of assault on Street Cleaning Com¬
missioner William H. Edwards with intent
to kill by plowing a furrow in his left
arm with a bullet while the Commissioner
was weighting him down on the deck of
the North German Lloyd liner Kaiser Wil¬
helm der Grosse, in Hoboken, on August 9
last, immediately after the old man had
fired a shot into Mayor Gaynor’s neck.
Supreme Court Justice Francis J. Swayze
called Gallagher to the bar as some of the
Jurors were still filing out and sentenced
him to 12 years imprisonment at hard labor
in the State prison at Trenton and thence
until the costs of court are paid. This
means that if Gallagher lives to serve out
his term, which the numerous alienists
who examined him say is very doubtful, he
will remain in jail until such time as he
pays in the neighborhood of $250.
After an investigation by the Post Office
authorities United States Deputy Marshals
raided the office of the Intertrust Security
Company, in the Winthrop Building, Bos¬
ton, Mass., January 6, seized all the books
and papers in sight and arrested. Victor M.
Weil, president of the concern, on a charge
of using the mails to defraud. Weil is
also manager of the Standard Amalga¬
mated Exploration Company, which has
promoted about a hundred concerns of
questionable value. He was taken to the
lederal Building and released under $3,-
000 bail. One of the several complaints
on which the arrest of Weil is based w; ,
brought to the attention of the post officj
authorities by Hattie Mitchell, of Malden.
It is alleged that as a result of a letter
addressed to her she was induced to pur¬
chase stock in the Old Glory Exploration
Company, which was promoted by Weil.
According to the post office inspectors,
Weil's scheme caught many victims in
New England, mostly through the sale of
stock of practically no value. Inspector
Claralian, in whose name the complaint is
made out and who has been in charge of
the preparation of the case, says that the
plans were carried out in the following
manner : In 1907 Weil secured six claims
in California and Nevada which had been
located by Jefferson F. Howell, a mining
engineer, and early in that year there was
organized the Iiowell and Little Mining
Company, incorporated under the laws of
Arizona for $200,000. The claims are said
never to have been worked and are be¬
lieved to be worth nothing. One of these
claims was pur-chased late in 1907 by a
new corporation known as the United
States Gold Mining Company, which Weil
had organized meanwhile, and the money
obtained by the Howell and Little Com¬
pany from the sale of one of its claims
was used to pay a 4 per cent dividend on
the stock.
The United States Government will ac¬
cept the compromise offer of $700,000 in
full settlement of the drawback cases in
which the sugar trust at the port of New
York defrauded the Treasury of large sums
of money. The $700,000, which was first
deposited in the United States Sub-Treas¬
ury in New York, is now in the vaults of
the Treasury. In taking up the compro¬
mise offer the Government will assume the
attitude that it has not sufficient grounds
for prosecution. The sum of $700,000 in
hard cash has been thought better by offi¬
cials than a suit which might not result
favorably for the Government. The de¬
cision to accept the $700,000 was reached
after a thorough investigation by United
States District Attorney Wise at New
York, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury
J. F. Curtis and William F. Thompson, so¬
licitor for the Treasury Department. The
sugar trust presented for the consideration
of the officials a petition setting forth the
reasons for the compromise offer. It was
signed by James M. Beck and Wickham
Smith, attorneys for the trust. It will not
be made public. According to some officials
of the Department, the trust was gradually
forced up in its compromise figures. At
first, according to a story told January 9,
It made an offer of $250,000. This was not
considered, and the sum was raised to
$500,000, which at the time was said to be
absolutely the limit. The Treasury Depart¬
ment still refused to accept this amount.
Then the trust agreed to swell it to $700,-
000. Consideration of the facts by experts
ended in the conclusion to accept rather
than try to fight. The acceptance of this
sum for frauds at New York does not
affect the frauds that may result in claims
by the Government at New Orleans and
San Francisco.
Three coal barges, with crews aggregat¬
ing 14 men, were caught January 10 off
Peaked Hill bars. Cape Cod, by a sudden
twist of the gale from westerly to north
and were wrecked in sight of the life sav¬
ing crews. Two bodies wearing life belts
marked Treverton have been washed ashore,
and others were seen with pieces of wreck¬
age floating further off shore. It is be¬
lieved that all the men perished.
FARM AND GARDEN. — The tariff board
has formulated a schedule for the investi¬
gation of the sheep industry in the western
part of the United States. This schedule
differs considerably from the one used in
the Eastern States. Up to this time the
field force of the board has confined its
raw wool investigation to centres east of
the Mississippi River. With Ohio as a
base, agents of the board have visited West
Virginia, Vermont, western Pennsylvania,
Michigan and other States where wool
growing is an important industry. Reports
indicate that instead of being opposed to
the efforts of the tariff board to ascertain
the facts regarding cost of wool produc¬
tion, the sheep raisers are pleased with
the manner in which the board is ap¬
proaching the work and are cooperating m
every possible way with its agents, who
are in all cases men who have practical
familiarity with the business. This atti¬
tude on the part of the growers has greatly
facilitated the inquiry.
The annual meeting of the New York
State 'Fair Commission was held January
4 at the office of the Commissioner of
Agriculture, at Albany. The following
officers were elected : Vice-President, Com¬
missioner A. A. Pearson; secretary, Stan¬
ton C. Shaver ; treasurer, Albert E. Brown.
The week of September 11-16 was selected
for the next fair. It was decided to adopt
a plan which has been under consideration
for some time, to bring to the fair for the
entire week 100 boys from all parts of the
State. These boys will be selected by school
authorities and Granges and each one will
render assistance on the fair grounds one-
half of each day. They will be given lec¬
tures daily and allowed to submit essays
on what they have learned. As prizes for
these essays the Commission will award
purebred live stock and seed corn.
The Supreme Court of the United States
in an opinion by xYssociato Justice Harlan,
January 9, upheld the constitutionality
of the statutes of the State of Missouri
making it a misdemeanor for a broker to
deduct from the actual weight of grain,
seed, hay or coal or other articles offered
for sale for alleged loss in dirt and hand¬
ling. The statute was passed in 1909.
The rules of the Kansas City Board of
Trade permitted the deductions. The
Missouri statute enacted that the deduc¬
tions invalidated the contract. It. J. House,
a Kansas City broker, was arrested by the
marshal of Jackson County, in which Kan¬
sas City is located, for violating the sta¬
tute. On conviction he appealed. The
Missouri Supreme Court affirmed his cou-
viction and upheld the constitutionality of
the law by a vote of four to three. At
the same time the court upheld the con¬
stitutionality of the Missouri law imposing
a stamp tax on board of trade transactions
and referring the keeping of books showing
actual transactions and delivery.
At a meeting of the Independent Asso¬
ciation of White Burley Tobacco Growers
of Kentucky and Adjoining States, January
5, it was decided by vote that no crop
shall bo raised in 1911. This association
is independent of the Burley Tobacco So¬
ciety, of which Clarence Lebus is president,
and which has a large part of the 1909
crop pooled. The Burley Society has as yet
taken no action toward cutting out the
1911 crop. It will control something like
45 per cent of the white hurley raised,
while the remainder will be pooled by the
newer association.
The first West Virginia State Corn Show
was held January 5-7 in connection with
the short course of the College of Agricul¬
ture, West Virginia University, Morgan¬
town. About 150 exhibitors participated
and made an exceedingly creditable show¬
ing for the first show. The West Virginia
Corn Growers’ Association was organized.
The purpose is to further the development
of the corn growing industry in the State
and to promote a greater interest among
the farmers. The following officers were
chosen: President, J. W. Johnson, Alder-
son ; vice-president, Dean Sanderson, of the
University ; secretary and treasurer, E. W.
Sheets, Lost Creek.
Anti-parcels Post Petition.
A reader sends us the following clipping
from the Malone (N. Y.) Telegram:
“Canton, Dec. 30. — Canton merchants,
opposed to the establishment of parcels
post, are signing a petition to be presented
to Congressman George R. Malby asking
him to use his best efforts to defeat any
legislation favorable to the establishment
of such a service. By many business men
here it is believed the parcels post would
prove disastrous to the merchants of small
villages and beneficial particularly to mail
order houses and the department stores of
large cities.”
These “many business men” have a right
to their own opinion, but so have the many
more farmers who need parcels post. Let
these business men keep on signing peti¬
tions. You sit right down and write a
personal letter to Mr. Malby at Washing¬
ton telling him respectfully but firmly that
you want parcels post. We will back the
personal letter against the petition every
time.
The potato crop in the Greeley district
has been variously estimated at from 50
to 75 per cent, of normal. In this local¬
ity it was fully 90 per cent. I think 50
per cent, or more of the crop was stored.
Since harvest the price has been 75 cents
per hundred most of the time. They have
been moving quite rapidly of late. As to
future prospects no man knoweth except
perhaps the middleman, and he is not tell¬
ing the grower all he knows. c. L. a.
Greeley, Col.
The
Tnd« Huk j
I Not
i In a
I Trust i
Century
BOOT
(Beacon Falls Brand)
If you had rubber
boots made to order,
f you couldn’t have
them made better than
the CENTURY BOOT.
It is made of the best
rubber produced. The
vamp is made extra
strong. To prevent
cracking at ankle
k an extra pure
gum, no-crack
ankle rein¬
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_ used.
- IT IS THE CHEAPEST
- because best-best in material, best In workmanship,
and best for wear. Those facts are also true of the en¬
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satisfactory rubber boot or shoe, insist that you be
shown goods bearing the Cross. It insures you quality
and service. If you can’t secure Century Boots from
your dealer, write us. Send his name. W e will see that
you are supplied. Send for illustrated booklet. j(
BEACON FALLS RUBBER SHOE'C
New York Chicago Boston
AUi from the
be*t Rubber pro- ,
docad in tlx World
SiwAUmfifl
rr
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r
Use the Kewanee System— the No-Trouble Water Svstem
HPHE farmer is the last man
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equipment of any kind — especially
an inferior
water supply
plant. A break
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happens at
the wrong
time and then
you hare to 1 oose
a half day going
to town for re¬
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The Best Farm Water System
The Kewanee System is the ideal water
Sstem for the farm, because it is a no-trou-
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because our years of experience showed us
the trouble breeders. We left them out when
we designed our line of pumping machinery.
We have a complete system of our own
manufacture for every problem. You get
what your problem demands. The Kewanee
is a specially designed system, manufactured
by us — not a misfit collection of parts, sup¬
plied at random by several manufacturers.
It is not tested and built at your end, but
at ours. We do all expert detailed work here.
so your Kewanee System is bound to work
all right when you get it.
W e have put quality into the system to save
you money — to save you worry — to save you
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over in service. It pays like fertilizing pays.
What We Do for You
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Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, III.
2080 Hudson-T erminal Bldg^ 50 Church St.. New York. 1212 Marquette Bldg., Chicago
74
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
January 21,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
WOULD YOU HAVE THE WORLD BE
KIND?
Would you have the world be kind?
Then he kind yourself !
Hide not gifts of heart or mind
On the future’s shelf —
Give what you can spare, and more,
From to-day’s most precious store.
Would you meet with truth? Then truth
You must proffer first
Life hath need of grace and ruth.
But, through best and worst,
Truth’s gold passes, clear and straight
Aud is always worth its weight !
Would you honor gain? Be swift
To give honor hue ;
The deserving to uplift,
Crown the crowned anew
With the laurels they have won
In whatever work, well done.
Would you be beloved? Then love!
And be sure of this
Whatso’er life's gifts may prove,
All that was, or is
Grand, or dear, or fair, is less
Than Love’s matchless loveliness !
Mary Ainge De Vere (“Madeline Bridges.' )
*
Some European educators are now ad¬
vocating brain drill with the fingers as
a means of gaining efficiency. They ad¬
vise sewing, fretwork, netting, and in
fact everything that calls for manual skill
as a means of acquiring an active, re¬
sourceful and versatile brain. It is held
that as, in every manual act, the hand is
directed by the brain, every act reacts
on the brain, strengthening and stimulat¬
ing it. W e have always believed in these
manual dexterities as a means of sooth¬
ing nervous fatigue; it is noticeable that
a woman who has been hard at work
cooking and sewing often finds relief in
some sort of fancywork, and obtains a
mental stimulus from it.
*
Here is a suggestion from the New
York Sun. Medicine so strong that a
dose must be limited to seven drops had
been prescribed for the man with un¬
steady hands. His family also had shaky
hands, and as there was no medicine
dropper in *the house it looked as if
somebody would have to make a mid¬
night trip to the drug store. But a visit¬
ing relative that they had put up for the
night suggested an alternative. ■
“Take that half of that raw egg shell —
raw, mind you; cooked egg shell is too
brittle and crumbles too easily- -that
I saw lying on a saucer in ilie cupboard,
drill a hole in it the size of a pin head
and let the medicine trickle through
that. It will be sure to fall out in drops
of the required size and you couidn t
make a mistake if you wanted to. ’
*
An odd fact relative to a little Afri¬
can melon is thus related by Major Stan¬
ton, the late Governor-General of Khar¬
toum :
The jerboa or kangaroo-rat is found in
considerable numbers in places miles and
miles away from any water, or even dew,
and I was at a loss to understand how
these little animals could exLst through the
10 months of drought. It appears, how¬
ever, that after the scanty rains a small
wild melon, of bitter taste, but full of juice,
flourishes in the desert. The jerboa, as
soon as the melon is ripe, bites off the
stem and proceeds to dig away the sand
under the melon, so that it gradually sinks
below the level of the ground. The con¬
stant wind soon covers it with six inches
to eight inches of sand, which protects it
from the scorching sun and from drying
up. When all other moisture has evap¬
orated, the jerboa goes to his larder and
drinks the juice of the melon till the rains
come on again. One jerboa will bury as
many as 40 of these little melons, to last
him through the dry season.
*
Kansas City, Mo., recently passed an
ordinance compelling women to sheathe
their hatpins; a protruding pin renders
them liable to a fine of from $1 to $500.
How the sheathing is to be effected is
not stated. We have never been able to
understand the mental attitude which
permits a woman to make herself a
public nuisance in this w<: / There is
so much danger in such a fringe of dag¬
ger points that one wonders how aiiy
woman can be guilty of it ; everyone who
travels in crowded street cars and ele¬
vators can realize this. Furthermore,
the projecting pins are hideous, absolute¬
ly spoiling the appearance of a pretty
hat, and merely adding a look of Afri¬
can savagery to an ugly one. As the
clipping of a long pin is a very simple
matter, there really seems no excuse for
this particular form of feminine pervers¬
ity. Of course a hatpin purchased for
one of the spreading canopies of 1909
projects beyond the extinguisher head-
gear of 1910-11 ; therefore it should be
pruned. Still, the sensible women whose
hatpins do not project must be in the
majority, in spite of newspaper critics ;
otherwise our cities would be full of
suffering and punctured citizens who
have fallen victims to these feminine
javelins.
*
A quaint old book, printed in Eng¬
land in 1744, is called “Adam’s Luxury
and Eve’s Cookery.” It consists of two
parts, the first relating to gardening, the
second to the cooking of garden prod¬
ucts. The London “Gardeners’ Chron¬
icle’’ quotes some of the recipes given in
this book, which show great differences
in the methods of preparing potatoes
especially. There are directions for
stewing potatoes with salt, pepper and
ale, also for baking them “with herrings,
mixed with layers of pepper, vinegar,
salt, sweet herbs and water.” Here is
the recipe given for “Potato Pye.” “Boil
Potatos (not too much), cut them in
slices as thick as your Thumb, season
them with Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Ginger
and Sugar; your Paste being ready, put
them in upon the Bottom ; add to them
the Marrow of two or three Bones sea¬
soned with Orange-Juice, Orange-flower
water, beaten spices and Rose-water, a
handful of stoved Raisins of the Sun,
Dates, Mango, Citron, with Eringo
Roots slic’d; put Butter over it and
bake them. Let their Layer be a little
Vinegar, Sack and Sugar, beaten up with
the Yolk of an Egg, and a little drawn
Butter; when your Pye is enough, pour
it in, shake it together, scrape over
Sugar, garnish it and serve it up.” The
“Eringo Roots” referred to are the
fleshy roots of sea holly (Eryngium), a
member of the carrot family; the roots
are candied by European confectioners,
and are also boiled or roasted, being said
to taste like chestnuts.
*
The recent inquiry in “Publisher’s
Desk” regarding a medical firm profess¬
ing to cure epilepsy, saddens one with
thoughts of the many sufferers who turn
to such charlatans as a last hope for
relief. The epileptic is especially at the
mercy of such quacks, because it seems
hard to believe that a person who may
appear healthy and normal during the |
intervals between attacks is not readily !
curable. Unhappily, it is often a case
where the sins of the fathers are thus
visited upon the children, but whatever
the cause, one foundation truth must be
insisted upon — no distant mail order
quack possesses any knowledge that is
not open to the reputable physician near
at hand. Some years ago we visited
the Craig Colony for Epileptics, one of
our great State institutions. Here were
hundreds of afflicted persons, some bright
and intelligent in appearance, some
almost imbecile, but all alike in that
they might fall into fire or into water
like the man in the Gospel, when their
evil spirit came upon them. We learned
from the doctor in charge that fresh
air, abundant exercise and careful diet
were chiefly relied upon to ameliorate
their condition, medicine being little
used ; indeed, it was held that many
drugs used by quacks to “cure fits” were
most injurious. In the dietary, pork in
any form was absolutely forbidden.
Beef and mutton were used rather spar¬
ingly, a liberal vegetable diet being pro¬
vided, and tea, coffee and alcohol were
cut out. Skim milk was freely used as
a beverage, but not whole milk; we be¬
lieve excess of fat was avoided. Right
living and right thinking were the two
great factors in improvement. What
we saw there impressed us with the fact
that wholesome farm life, with proper
dietary, is the surest hope of the epi¬
leptic.
To Take Raw Eggs.
Raw eggs are often prescribed by
physicians, and those fresh laid are not
too bad to take. Some people heroically
swallow them whole, after the fashion
of small boys sucking eggs surreptitious¬
ly at the barn. I can say from experience
they are not very palatable served in
this manner. With vinegar and a dash
of salt and pepper they go down easier,
and sometimes one can drink them in
milk, beaten or just broken in whole.
Sugar and flavoring may be added if
desired. I have taken them in this way
and nearly raw, just jellied in boiling
water, but found that four or five a
day made me bilious, as I was not tak¬
ing much exercise, so to relieve this I
began eating oranges too with very
good results, and soon hit upon a sort
of orangeade that was very good indeed,
made as follows :
Beat one egg very light with just a
tiny pinch of salt and enough sugar
to sweeten to taste. Peel and cut one
orange (a half of one will do if very
juicy) into tiny pieces and add to the
beaten egg and sugar, then fill cup up
with cold water. This can also be made,
using the juice of a lemon instead of
the orange, and is a pleasant, nourish¬
ing drink, very useful in sickness, but
nice at any time. Fruit cake or cookies
are very good served with the lemonade
for luncheon. I do not think the un¬
initiated could guess what was in the
lemonade. It is a foamy, creamy look¬
ing beverage. One of my friends asked
if there was cream in it when I asked
her to guess.
The egg and orange diet agreed with
me so well that I gained in health and
strength steadily. Since then I have
heard of a patient who thought he had
been cured of consumption by eating
quantities of raw eggs and oranges.
That seems to me a good deal to claim
for any food, and probably there were
other very favorable conditions. But if
one has been ordered to take raw eggs
this is a very good way to take them.
F.
When you write advertisers mention Thh
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“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
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Stock write us his name and address.
We’ll help him supply you.
The Eddyitone Mfg.Co., Philadelphia
Established by Wm. Simpson, Sr.
More Sap
More Maple Sugar
’You get every drop of sap your trees
yield, and without damage or inconvenience, by
using scientific sap spouts— metal spouts that ex¬
clude air.
Other spouts injure the trees, waste the sap,
freeze up and sour.
Post’s Eureka Sap Spouts
The Eureka Patented “Air Trap” prevents
freezing or drying up, and allows constant flow
from even the outer pores of the tree.
And will yield in one season enough extra sap
to more than pay their cost. Made in two styles,
3/i inches long. Samples of each 5c. Send for
circular and price list.
C. C. Stelle, Sole M’f'r, 75 Fifth Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
A Personal
Word
The rich and
prosperous class
can always com¬
mand the lux¬
uries of life, but
the average
home lover needs
the Spear System
of Credit to the
Nation. I want
1,000,000 families
to say of me:—
" He helped us
to furnish and
beautify our
homes.” I ask
for no higher tri¬
bute to my life’s
work. Write for
my Free Catalog,
NO matter where you live, you can buy everything needed
for the home from us on credit and on easy payments
to suit your convenience. All you need to do is to mail
ns your name and address and we will at once send you,
free, our Mammoth Home Furnishing Catalog, con¬
taining illustrations from photographs and full des¬
criptions of thousands of articles in Furniture, Rugs,
Carpets and Home Furnishings sold by ns on long time,
open account, easy credit terms.
Credit Buying Made Easy
TVith the aid of this Big Bargain Catalog, you can select
anything you want— Furniture, Carpets, Rugs, Stoves, Ranges,
Refrigerators, Sewing Machines, Baby Carriages, Oo-Caria,
Silverware, Dishes, Phonographs, Washing Machines, Clocks,
etc., — to a greater advantage than if you wore to visit
personally even the largest city stores; because we offer
?ou not only a vastly larger I and better stock to choose
rom, but your selections are made at home after consult¬
ing your family and without suggestions from clerks who
may seek to influence you.
Pay When Convenient
Your credit is good with us. Why not use it!
Under our liberal, open account, easy payment plan
yon can have every possible advantage in buying for
your home possessed by the most favored and well-
to-do-shopper in the city stores. Our credit sys¬
tem is extended to honest people, everywhere, re¬
gardless of their income. You need not deny your¬
self any article of household comfort or luxury on
account of a lack of ready cash. Select what you
want from our Catalog, pay a little cash down and
a little each month.
Plymouth Range
$3.75 Down
The range that ha* caaied
■uch a sensation and cre¬
ated so much talk.
Our Prices Are The Lowest
While our credit terms are the most liberal in the
country, yet our prices are the lowest.
Thisisbecauseotour immense purchas¬
ing power and enormous volume of sales.
We buy goods in such vast quantities
that we Becure better prices than would
be possible to smaller concerns, and
by extending our business to tens of
thousands of customers all over the
country, we can afford to accept just
one small added profit from each sale.
We allow no store or factory on earth
to undersell us. Get our prices and
be your own judgeof whether or not we
saveyou from 20 to 50 per cent on your
home furnishings.
Only 82.26 Down and
8 1 .00 Par Month
Brussels Rugs,
Bx 12— SI t. 98
and up
With Order
Balance 50c Payable Monthly
Take A Month To Decide
Anything yon select from
our Bargain Catalog will
be shipped on approval.
Keep the goods 30 days,
then decide to buy or re¬
turn at our expense. If you
are not fully satisfied, the
goods may be shipped back
to us at our expense and your
first payment and freight
charges refunded you.
Big Rocker Bargain
A large, comfortable, solid oak
Rocker with high, wide back, fully
tufted and buttoned with heavy
ruffled edge. Seat is large and
roomy, upholstered withhign-grade
black Sylvan leather over full steel
spring construction, and has a beautifully rut
fled edge to match back. Construction is solid .
golden oak throughout, with high gloss golden
finish. Arms are wide, front postB of handsome
design. Satisfaction guaranteed or money back.
Write For Free Catalog Today
SPEAR & COMPANY, Department 19MM Pittsburg, Pa.
19X1
THE RUFAI, NEW-YORKER
76
My Way of Making Bread.
We each have our way of doing work.
It may not be the best way for all, but
we often have to adapt ourselves to
circumstances. When we find every¬
thing working to a successful issue,
practice making perfect, why should
we change? I have learned to system-
ize my work as much as possible, do it
in the easiest manner, if same results
are obtained. In living in various parts
of the country I have found many kinds
of flour. But for bread making I find
the Spring wheats, No. 1 hard, with
probably a little Winter wheat mixed in
the eastern flours is the best I put the
cake of yeast to soak in the forenoon ;
sometime about one o'clock or after din¬
ner. I make a stiff sponge with warm
water and a little salt (a teaspoon
level full), putting the yeast and beat¬
ing until well mixed, place where it is
warm, and at 8.30 or 9 o’clock the bread
is made. In Winter I have the flour
sifted and set by the stove, or where it
will be well warmed. Of course in
warm weather it is not required. I
make a hole in the pan of flour, pour
in the yeast, and use for wetting one-
third sweet milk to two-thirds warm
water (in cool weather). Mix stiff,
perhaps 10 minutes spent in the opera¬
tion. Spring wheat flours require a
stiffer dough than Winter wheat. It is
sticky and more flour is kneaded in.
I am a light sleeper, and always awake
about three or four in the morning. I
get up and knead the bread down,
spending perhaps about five minutes in
the work. It is usually light before
breakfast, and made into loaves. I do
not use a board ; take out enough for a
loaf, simply make into form, and put
into tins. There is no stickiness about
it, or need of a board or flour. It is
light, elastic, cracks and snaps when
worked into the loaves. In warm
weather my bread is always out of the
oven by eight o’clock, in Winter by 10.
MRS. FREDERICK C. JOHNSON.
The Secret of Hospitality.
When a girl I visited for a week occa¬
sionally with Aunt Mary and her daugh¬
ters. During one of my visits a letter
came from a relative, an elderly man of
some note. He was coming North for
the Summer, and wished to spend a few
days with this niece and her family,
whom he had not seen for years. I as¬
sisted in the preparations for the guest,
and it seemed to me that the family was
under a great strain, great attention was
given to every detail and elaborate prep¬
arations made for meals. When the guest
arrived, everything that could be polished
had been polished, everything cleaned
that could be cleaned. The house was
immaculate, the meals perfect, the crystal
and china sparkling. But the family
seemed so worn and anxious, and it was
a real relief when the strain was over.
Young as I was, the thought came to
me: “Why, if mother did so much extra
work for each of the many guests we
have, we should require several ser¬
vants.” Then another thought followed:
“Perhaps we have mother’s calmness to
thank for our many guests.” When I
returned home mother told me that
Uncle Wilbur had visited her.
“Then you must be very tired, mother.”
“No, child, his visit was a treat and
a rest. I tried to lessen my work while
he was here and thoroughly enjoyed the
time. He read me the notes for his new
book, and seemed so glad that I had the
time to listen.”
"Aunt Mary did not know that he was
writing a book.”
“No, the dear old soul said that he
thought that Mary was not well, seemed
over-burdened in some way, and he did
not want to take any of her time.”
Later I found that he thought my
home a haven, the very spot he had
longed for, in which quietly to complete
his work. What had mother done? She
had not altered her household routine in
the least, only to leave some few things
undone, that she might have more spare
time. Uncle Wilbur had found a house¬
hold glad to have him as a guest, had
found no pretense of a different standard
of living.
That is the sweetest kind of hospital¬
ity. We love our friends and long occa¬
sionally to peep in on them, and, with¬
out causing any flutter, chat and bide a
while. We love them for what we know
they are, not for what they have, not for
what they may try to be, out of all good,
but mistaken feeling. Do you know the
fine feeling when you know that your
coming has caused no rush nor anxiety,
when simply a place is arranged for you
and you live for a while with your dear
ones and have a glimpse of life as they
live it to carry away in your heart.
L. s.
Little Tricks of the Housekeeping
Trade.
What housewife has not been annoyed
at times by the rasping sound produced
by scraping the cooking utensils with
a knife, especially if there is a sick per¬
son in the house? Eggshells crushed
flat against the surface of a dish and
rubbed over the sticky parts will re¬
move all particles quite as effectually as
the knife, and do it so easily and quietly
that one wonders where the noise is.
All utensils should be well soaked be¬
fore washing. Much scraping scratches
and wears out the enamel or tin.
When using an old boiler that rusts
the clothes, or bad water which makes
a scum that sticks to the things boiled
in it, try putting the clothes into a bag
to boil them. The boiling or scalding
is just as effective in this way, and no
spots from rust or bad water are left
to vex the housewife. By using two
bags the small articles may be kept
separate from the larger pieces. Flour
sacks with the letters removed are ex¬
cellent for the purpose.
A double boiler which is unsurpassed
by anything more elaborate or expen¬
sive is obtained by using the iron din¬
ner pot, into which is set a cottolene
or lard pail containing the food to be
cooked. All cereals are more appetizing
and more wholesome for thorough
cooking, and are best cooked in this
way. Care should be observed to keep
the kettle from boiling dry.
We had several unhappy experiences
with the clothes line prop blowing over
and letting the clean clothes sag down
in the dirt. Something had to be done.
We fastened the clothes line to the top
of the prop, tying it in place with a
cord, but we could not stretch the line
tight enough to keep it from sagging
when the clothes were hung out. Then
we drove a stake in the ground about
three feet from the prop, and at right
angles with the clothes line. We passed
a line from the stake to the prop and
secured it a little above the middle,
stretching it tight. The prop is set up
straight, holding the clothes line a little
higher in the center than at the ends.
This prevents blowing over on either
side.
I often find it necessary to repair or
renew button holes on the underwear
and trousers worn by my small boys.
For this purpose I save all the good
strong button holes from their worn-
out garments, cutting a square of the
cloth, in which it is worked, around the
button hole large enough to insure
strength' and firmness. This little square
is sewed on like a patch with the good
button hole over the frayed or broken
One. JESSIE CARPENTER.
Eggplant, Baked, Tomato Sauce — Se¬
lect a good-sized eggplant of regular
shape. Immerse it in boiling salted
water and cook for 15 minutes. Cut a
slice from the top, leaving the stem on
if there is one. Scoop out the inside,
leaving only one-quarter inch or less ad¬
hering to the skin. Put the pieces in a
bowl with one teaspoonful of salt for
one hour. Squeeze them well, to take all
the water out ; chop them coarsely.
Meantime cut one quart of fresh toma¬
toes in pieces, put them in a small gran¬
ite saucepan with three medium-sized
white onions, sliced, two springs of pars¬
ley, a small bay leaf, one clove and the
greens from a large stalk of celery; cook
fast for 20 minutes, with uncovered
saucepan, stirring often. Strain through
a fine strainer, letting all the pulp of the
tomatoes go through. Soak one level
cupful of white bread crumbs in milk,
squeeze well, add it to the fleshy part
of the eggplant and then add one-half
of the tomato sauce. Reserve the other
half to serve as a sauce. Add two yolks
of raw eggs, one tablespoonful of butter,
one saltspoonful of salt, one of pepper ;
mix all well together, fill up the egg¬
plant very full, spread over the top a
thin layer of fine white bread crumbs.
Put three tablespoonfuls of olive oil in
a baking pan with the eggplant and cook
in a hot oven 40 minutes. Baste three
times. Just before time to serve heat
the tomato puree, which is to be served
as a sauce around the eggplant, season
it with one saltspoonful of salt, one-half
saltspoonful of pepper and half a table¬
spoonful of fresh butter.
Home Lovers’ Bargain Book
New Edition Ready — Showing 3,000 Housefurnishings Bought at Enormous
Reductions. Terms — CASH or CREDIT, at an Equal Price.
As our customers know, we buy nothing but
bargains. All the time we have several millions
of dollars waiting for makers who must have
money-makers who must unload.
We contract for a factory’s entire surplus out¬
put. Or we buy up factory over-stocks. We
buy anything for the home which we can buy at
a bargain. And every few months we get out a
new Bargain Book.
Our latest book is now ready. It pictures
more than 3,000 bargains in things for the home.
Some of the prices are almost unbelievable. On
every one we guarantee a saving of 15 to 504.
We want to mail you that book.
Pay As Convenient
We sell for cash or credit at an equal price.
About 600,000 people have charge accounts here.
They have goods sent on approval, and pay as
convenient— a little each month. We allow on
the average over a year to pay, without any
interest or any extra price.
We are glad to give credit to anyone who buys
things for the home. There is no security, no
publicity, no red tape. Your promise to pay is
just as good as the cash. This helps many
people to buy things which they could not buy
otherwise. Thousands of wives pay for house¬
hold things out of chicken and butter money.
No. 28X845
— B argain
Turkish
Couch. Full
size, uphols¬
tered in guar¬
anteed steel
c o nstruction
and covered
in finest fig¬
ured velour. Massive carved solid oak to JC
claw-foot frame. Special bargain price
Cash or Credit
High-grade
9xl2-foot rug
b a r g a i n s
bought at auc¬
tion from the
largest manu¬
facturer in the
United States.
A saving of
30% is guaran¬
teed on every
rug. All pat¬
terns and col¬
ors. Bargain
{>rices as fol-
ows:
Bargains In
Furniture
Silverware
Carpets
Chinaware
Rugs
Graphophones
Draperies
Washing Machines
Stoves
Sewing Machines
Ranges
Baby Cabs
Pianos
Lamps and Clocks
Cash
or Credit
~ ^ No. 16X1035-
Colonial Ped-
e s t a 1 Dining
Table Bargain.
A Months Trial
Every article is sent on 30 days’ approval. You
have it a month before you actually buy it. If it
isn’t such a bargain as you expected you can
return it at our expense. We will pay freight
both ways.
You can see any one of these 3.000 bargains—
right in your home— without being obliged to
keep it. If you don’t keep it the trial won't cost
you a penny.
Bargain Book Free
This mammoth book of 3,000 bargains will be
mailed you free. Every woman will find it im¬
mensely interesting— to see the prices at which
beautiful things can be bought. Some of the
pictures are in actual colors.
Cut out this coupon and send it to us. The
book will then come by next mail. Please do
this before you forget it.
factory making this table, hence
the low bargain price of .
Cash or Credit
Solid oak, gold¬
en finish, 42-
inch top, heavy
pedestal,
carved legs
and claw feet.
We control the
..$10.35
Cut Out This Coupon
SPIEGEL, MAY, STERN CO.
1292 35th Street, Chicago
I i Mail me the Bargain Book.
□ Mail me the Stove Catalog.
Name _
Post Office.
State
I am particularly interested in
Name article you most desired
Tapestry Brussels
Rugs, 9x12 ft .
Velvet
Rugs, 9x12 ft. _ ......
Axminster
Rugs, 9x12 ft .
Cash or Credit
No. 30X1820- Steel
Range Bargain. Made
in our famous Empire
^ e factory. One of the
$11.95 np grandest ranges ever
built. We guarantee a
13 95 nn savin2 of at least % on
M.&.W up all stoves sold by us
. - PA This style, bargain price
1 LbU up from $18.20 up, accord¬
ing to size.
Cash or Credit
No. 4X1 195— Astound¬
ing Combination Book¬
case Bargain. Solid oak,
golden finish, heavily
carved. Has French
plate mirror, large writ¬
ing space, drawer and
cabinet. Is 71 inches
high and 38 inches wide.
Dealer’s price $16.50.
Onr bargain (11 QC
cut price, Y 11.30
Cash or Credit
LX485— English Fold¬
ing Go-Cart Bargain.
Newest 1911 design. We
take the factory output
at a specially low price.
Has steel frame, fabri-
cord leather upholster¬
ing and large rubber
tires. The best collaps¬
ible go-cart on the mar¬
ket. Factory $4 OC
bargain price, y“*oj
Cash or Credit
No. 50X435 — Tufted Back
Upholstered Rocker Bargain’
We bought 9,200 at actual fac¬
tory cost price for spot cash
from a manufacturer who re¬
quired immediate money. This
is a beautifulrocker upholstered
In guaranteed fabrlcordleather.
The American quarter-sawed
oak frame is finely finished and
handsomely carved. A great
bargain. Factory bar- (J OC
gain price,
(80)
SPIEGEL, MAY, STERN CO., 1292
Cash or Credit
35th Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKEE
January 21,
70
Wrinkles and Recipes.
I wonder how many of our readers
are buying steak from the itinerant
butcher? I have been for years, and
while commending its freshness have
long lamented its toughness. Last
Summer, however, I hit upon the plan
of running it all through my food chop¬
per and making Hamburger of it.
Occasionally I add a little onion for
variety. I usually buy three or four
pounds at once, as I have a chance but
once a week, and after grinding fry half
in small cakes held together with a
little salted and peppered flour, and boil
the rest for hash, adding onion always
to this portion. The little ones and
father, especially, hail the change with
delight, as neither could masticate the
meat in its original form.
Pie has for several years been a
tabooed article with some members of
our family, although all are fond of it.
So the other day I made baking powder
crust, rich as for shortcake, rolled it
very thin, and used it for pies in lieu
of the lard article. It took upon itself
a beautiful brown flaky appearance, and
when it appeared at dinner the cry went
forth, “What kind of pie is that?” To
mv answer, “Huckleberry,” a groan went
up with “ohs” and “ahs” and “How I
wish 1 rnigh eat some, but pie crust
never does agree with me.” "But,” I
said, “this is different, so do try some.”
So all ventured, albeit some rather gin¬
gerly, and not one suffered any ill
effects. It was very light, tender, and
Really costs much less with us than the
lard crust, as lard is now 15 cents per
pound, and it requires so much to make
a tender crust by the older recipes.
Then, too, a little dab left makes a
dainty biscuit or two, instead of going
to the pigs or being set aside until hard
or moldy.
There is always such an absolute cer¬
tainty about baking powder biscuit crust,
with its quart of flour to two teaspoons
baking powder, etc., my luck has been
so good, that 1 always shrink from ex¬
perimenting with sour cream and soda,
especially when I have company. But 1
like my city friends especially to enjoy
the cream biscuits so I have begun to
use the following formula, which I never
vary, and which thus far has produced
delicious biscuit with uniformly good
results : One cup thick sour cream, two
cups nice buttermilk (old will not doj,
one rounding teaspoon soda, one heap¬
ing teaspoon baking powder dissolved
in the milk, one teaspoon salt and one
tablespoon sugar sifted with sufficient
flour to make as soft a dough as can
be handled on the molding board. The
soda sweetens and the baking powder
lightens, which soda alone will not do
satisfactorily I think in biscuit. This
recipe makes a dozen.
1 am always trying new recipes for
dark cakes, as we like them better than
the white ones, and they have the
added merit of improving with age. So
the other day I gladly tried a new one
handed me by a neighbor, which is at
once the best and cheapest of any 1 have
ever used. One cup sugar, one egg, but¬
ter or lard size of an egg, one level
teaspoon soda, one-half teaspoon each of
nutmeg and cloves, one teaspoon cinna¬
mon, one cup raisins, three cups water,
and about two cups of flour, though it
is always safest to bake a tester, as
flour varies so greatly. Boil the raisins
in the water till you have but one cup
of juice besides the fruit. Dissolve the
soda in this and when cool add to the
creamed sugar, egg and butter, then add
the sifted flour and lastly fold in the
raisins, well floured. Cooking the fruit
prevents its falling to the bottom of the
cake, and the fruit juice gives the cake
a far more delicious flavor than either
molasses or coffee for the wetting.
This makes one loaf, but I double it,
bake it in a dripping pan and when cold
ice with confectioner’s sugar and milk
made into a smooth thick paste and
flavored with vanilla.
No dish appears with more frequency
on our farm tables than warmed-over
potatoes, creamed, hashed or fried, and
yet how little thought most of us give
to their preparation! “Well, I must
warm up those potatoes,” says Mrs. A.
as supper time approaches, and into the
frying pan she pops a lump of fat of
some kind, dashes in the cold potatoes,
pours in some milk, sprinkles over them
some pepper and salt and considers the
task done save for an occasional stirring.
And these she calls “creamed potatoes.”
What a misnomer ! Mrs. B. takes a
minute longer and sprinkles or sifts
over the top some dry flour. In this
case the potatoes will not be as soggy
as in the other, but you are always a
little uncertain as to whether the next
bite will be potato or a lump of dough.
Coat the potatoes but do not soak them,
and let the coating be free from lumps.
These are the two points to be aimed
for, and there is but one way to insure
success, viz., to make the sauce first.
But you say, “It takes too much times.”
True, it does take a little longer, just
two minutes, but these two minutes may
spell the difference between success and
failure. In the frying pan 1 pour one
pint of milk for each quart of sliced or
chopped potato, to which I add pepper
and salt, and butter the size of an egg,
although ham, bacon or pork fat is al¬
most as good. When melted I stir in a
rounding tablespoon of flour mixed
smooth in cold water or -milk. When
cooked, which only takes a minute or
two, 1 add the potatoes, stir gently till
all are coated, then cover to steam
through till time to serve. When com¬
pany is coming be generous with the but¬
ler, add a little chopped parsley, and
no more delicious accompaniment for
fried chicken or cold meats can be
found. We have quite discarded the
fried potatoes as being indigestible, for
our table. Sometimes, however, we de¬
sire to serve creamed potatoes when
there are no cold boiled ones. Try this,
which 1 copied years ago from a list of
dainties which had made a Catskill
house famous: To a pint and half of
rich milk add one-half or three-fourths
cup butter (other fat will not be as nice
for these), pepper ar salt, and one
quart of raw potatoes chopped very fine
and soaked for an hour in cold water
if you need not hurry your preparations.
Cover closely and cook very slowly on
the back of the range for about an hour,
stirring occasionally. When done they
will be like thick cream and most de¬
licious I can assure you.
LEILA BARNES.
Apple Sauce Cake. — One and one-half
cups apple sauce; y2 cup shortening; V/2
cups dark brown sugar; 1 cup raisins or
currants; 1 teaspoonful cinnamon; 1 tea¬
spoonful cloves; pinch of salt; 2l/2 cups
flour; 2 teaspoonfuls soda. Mix the soda
in the apple sauce while hot ; add melted
lard last. Beat well and bake in but¬
tered loaf pan, one-lialf hour in a mod¬
erate oven. E. s.
Squash Fritters.— Two cupfuls stewed
and mashed squash, one cupful sour
milk, two ' eggs, three tablespoonfuls
brown sugar (may be satisfactorily
omitted), half teaspoonful each salt and
soda, flour to make a soft batter. Fry
like pancakes.
Broiled Deviled Tomatoes. — Cut the
tomatoes in half-inch slices and broil
over a clear fire. Pour over them a sauce
made of mashing the yolks of three hard-
boiled eggs; add a saltspoonful of salt,
one teaspoonful each of powdered sugar
and mustard, a dash of cayenne or a
drop or two of tabasco; then stir in three
ounces of melted butter. When all these
ingredients are blended add three table¬
spoonfuls of vinegar. Put the mixture
over the fire, bring to the boil and stir in
two well-beaten eggs. When it has thick¬
ened keep it warm over the fire until
ready to use.
Destiny bears us to our lot, and des¬
tiny is perhaps our own will. — Disraeli.
Money
on
Back-yard
F ences
A MAN who has been
a successful gar¬
dener all his life has a
new book. He calls it
“Garden Gold” because
he shows how growing
things in the garden,
even the smallest, can
can be made to produce phenomenal profits, both in
cash and in money saved.
“Garden Gold” is so simple, so practical, so convincing,
so complete, that we wish every person in America who
owns even a back-yard could have a copy put into his hands.
It would mean the biggest blow to old Higli-Cost-of-Living
that that gentleman lias had in many a long year.
We can’t afford to give away a 64-page book, fully illus¬
trated, to everybody, but we come as close to it as we can,
and have arranged to offer
“GARDEN
GOLD”
with the Farm Journal at a low rate. See offer below.
Just to get an idea of how useful “Garden Gold” is and
how many opportunities there are for making money by
growing things in small gardens and out-of-the-way corners,
read these subject headings. They are all fully explained
in the book.
The Rind ol Soil to Choose.”
Planning the Garden.”
Small Areas Most Profitable.”
How to Enrich the Soil and Keep It So.”
The Secret of Drawing Fertility from the
Air.”
'Hotbeds & Coldframes Help Dividends.”
“Easy Transplanting Methods ”
“Planting Pointers.”
“Methods of Keeping Moisture in Soil.
“Onion Raising.”
‘ Lettuce and Celery.”
Storing for High Winter Prices.
Money on Back-yard Fences.”
(These are just a few headings of the many in the book.)
How to Get “Garden Gold.”
If you are the sort of person who needs a book like “Garden Gold,”
you need also Farm Journal. There is only one paper in the world
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subscribers and more; is unlike any other paper and always has been.
For any one with a garden, a berry patch, a few hens, a fruit tree, cow
or horse, it is quite indispensable. For every member of the house¬
hold, with a splendid household and fashion department. Clean, clever,
cheerful; as practical as a plow, as readable as a novel. Is printing
just now a remarkable series of articles called “Back to the Soil,’ 7
actual experiences of city men and women who have gone back to the
country. You will love this little paper, and so will your boys and
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We want you to accept this offer :
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FARM JOURNAL
130 Clifton St., Philadelphia.
Gentlemen— I enclose $1.00, for which
send “Garden Gold” (postpaid) and Farm
Journal for four full years, to
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P. O . .
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Include the Almanac FREE if this
order is received in time.
1911.
77
Mother’s Vacation.
Mother was tired. It was the second
year that she had had no vacation — not
from lack of money, nor for lack of an
invitation to the old home town, but
because when one is tired, it is so hard
to prepare for going away, and because
in the old home there were so many
kind friends to say, “Come and spend
the day,” or, “I shall expect you to din¬
ner,” that when the two or three weeks’
vacation was over, mother found herself
indeed glad to get home again, but hard¬
ly rested mentally 01 physically. After
such a “change” she felt the need of a
rest before taking up the work of the
house, and of the church, and the small
social duties to neighbors, well or ill. So
the second year was slipping by with
no vacation.
Summer visitors had come and gone,
and the work went on with the usual
small outings for errands or for recrea¬
tion, but still there was no relief from
the monotony of seeing the same people,
and being tied to the same household
duties, with their set times and seasons.
And mother was tired, as was testified
by the attacks of neuralgia, and the men¬
tal weariness. The daughter who clerked,
and the daughter who taught school had
had a delightful week at a religious
gathering where they lived in a tent, and
listened to noted speakers and workers
from near and far. Now they were at
home, and the clerk-daughter was at
work again. Mother had remarked after
one of her visitors had gone, that she
should like a vacation right here in her
own home, such as this visitor had en¬
joyed, with plenty of time for the ham¬
mock, and no kind invitations that must
not be slighted, but with liberty to roam
in the woods, and with her own books at
hand. The home was in a village sur¬
rounded by beautiful mountain scenery.
How she would like to visit in such a
place !
The clerk-daughter said that mother
should have such a vacation, but circum¬
stances were such that it was the teacher-
daughter who made the plan possible.
She thought it would be fun to take the
whole charge of the house for a week,
so mother gladly accepted the favor. It
was such a joy to start off for the woods,
or the brook in the early morning, a time
of day that always appealed to mother.
These unhurried, early walks were what
she had often longed for. It was not the
time of year to see many birds, but little
goldfinches sang, and occasionally she
•taught glimpses of shy little birds in
the shrubbery, and saw kingfishers rattle
their way down stream. Flowers she
found in abundance, and sometimes saw
one that was new to her, which she de¬
lighted to puzzle out in the botany, or
•Matthews’s “Field Book of Wild Flow¬
ers,” upon her return home. One of the
most restful trips was a solitary, leis¬
urely row of nearly a mile down the
river, accomplished by her field glass,
paper and pencil, and a book that treated
of butterflies. Reaching a ravine where,
in Spring, a mountain brook rushed down
into the river, she tied the boat, climbed
up the moist, rocky bed of the brook,
and then up the side of the ravine to high
ground covered with grass, ferns and
pine tress. There she wandered, read and
rested, and at noon returned home with
a happy smile and the appetite of a
hunter. Who is it that said, “O solitude,
where are thy charms?” Such solitude
as this certainly had wonderful charms
for the nervously-tired woman. Mean¬
while the teacher-housekeeper reveled in
trying new and tempting dishes that met
with frank appreciation from the whole
family. And mother thought she had
really never had so restful a vacation.
E. F. M.
Baked Buckwheat Cake. — One cup rich
buttermilk, a mixing spoon of molasses,
one small teaspoon of soda, one salt-
spoon of salt, add good buckwheat flour
to make a batter a very little stiffer
than for griddle cakes ; pour into a but¬
tered pan, and bake in a quick oven.
THE RURAL
The Rural Patterns.
IV hen ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
The first group of patterns show
6900, waist with yoke and sleeves in
one for misses and small women. 14,
16 and 18 years. 1% yard of material
21 inches wide, % yard 27 inches wide,
54 yard 44 inches wide, 1(4 yards of vel¬
vet 20 inches wide, 1*4 yard 27 inches
wide, % yard 44 inches wide, 254 yards
of banding, % yard 18 inches wide for
medium size. 6862, one-piece blouse
with yoke. 34 to 40. 2*4 yards of
material 24 or 27 inches wide, 154 yard
36, 1J4 yard 44, 54 yard of silks for
yoke and sleeve trimming, 54 yard of
lace for undersleeves for medium size.
6867, men’s lounging or bath robe. 34
to 46 breast. 7 yards of material 27
inches wide, 4^4 yards 44, 354 yards 52
with 3 yards of cord for trimming for
medium size. 6770, seven gored skirt
for misses and small women. 14, 16
and 18 years, with or without yoke. 9^4
yards of material 24 or 27 inches wide,
5 yards 44 or A]/2 yards 52 when mate¬
rial has figure or nap, 7 yards 24 or 27,
3 54 yards 44 or 3% yards 52 when ma¬
terial has neither figure nor nap, for 16
year size. 6887, child’s dress to be
worn over any guimpe. 4, 6 and 8
years. 3J4 yards of material 27 inches
wide, 2*4 yards 36, 2 yards 44, for 6
year size.
The second group includes 6834,
tucked waist closing at front. 36 to 44.
3*4 yards of material 24 or 27 inches
wide, 254 yards 36, 2 yards 44 with 2%
yards of banding and 54 yard of lace for
frill, for medium size. 6854, baby’s set,
one size. The quantity of material re¬
quired to make the dress is 154 yard
36, or 154 yard 44 inches wide, with 1^4
yard of insertion and 1/2 yard of edg¬
ing. For the petticoat will be needed
1/4 yard 36 or 54 yard 44 with 2 yards
of insertion and 3 yards of edging, and
for the drawers will be required 54 yard
36 or 54 yard 44 inches wide with 2
yards of edging. 6846, double breasted
coat, for misses’ and small women. 14,
16 and 18 years. With collar that can
be rolled over with fronts to form re-
vers or closed to the neck. 5^4 yards
of material 27 inches wide, 3*4 yards 44
inches wide, 3 yards 52 inches wide, for
16 year size. 6855, five-gored skirt, 22
to 30 waist. 7 yards 24 or 27 inches
wide, 4 yards 36 or 44 when material
NEW-YORKER
has figure or nap, but 4 yards 24 or 27
or 3*4 yards 44 inches wide will be suf¬
ficient when material has neither figure
nor nap. The width of the plain skirt
at the lower edge is 2^4 yards and the
width of the skirt with band is 2 yards.
6820, girl’s coat, with high or notched
collar perforated for shorter length. 6,
8 and 10 years. 3*4 yards of material
27 inches wide, 2 yards 44, 154 yard 52,
for 8 year size.
Gems and Muffins.
Date Gems. — Sift two teaspoons of
baking powder with five cups of flour,
one teaspoon of cinnamon and two tea¬
spoons of ginger. Put one cup each of
New Orleans molasses and sugar and a
large tablespoon of butter in a saucepan
over the fire, and when the butter softens
beat and stir ten minutes. Add gradu¬
ally one cup of milk. Mix in the dry
ingredients and one-half cup of floured
chopped dates. Bake in well-buttered
gem pans in a hot oven.
Cornmeal Muffins.— One pint of meal,
a level teaspoonful of soda; the same of
salt, into this pour a pint of butter¬
milk. Mix thoroughly. Into this break
an egg and beat all together. Have
muffin molds quite hot (I used iron
molds) and greased with lard, the size
of a walnut. Pour the grease from the
hot molds into the batter, stir together
and put into the molds. Flour muffins
and graham flour muffins are made in
the same way, using white flour or gra¬
ham flour instead of meal. Bake muf¬
fins in a quick oven.
Graham Drop Biscuits. — Rub two
tablespoons of butter with two and one-
fourth cups of graham and three-
fourths cup of white flour. Add two
tablespoons of sugar, one scant tea¬
spoon of salt, one tumbler of sour milk;
stir in a well-beaten egg. Then add a
half teaspoon of soda dissolved in a
spoonful of water. Beat hard, and drop
from a spoon on well-greased tins. With
the addition of raisins, or shredded
citron or chopped nuts, these make a
welcome change for the lunch box.
Entire Wheat Pop-overs. — Mix to¬
gether two-thirds cup entire wheat flour,
one-third cup white flour and one-fourth
teaspoonful salt, stir in gradually a
scant cup milk, so as to obtain a smooth
batter ; add one egg, beaten light. Beat
all with a Dover egg beater for two
minutes, pour into buttered iron gem
pans, which have been heated very hot,
and bake thirty to thirty-five minutes, in
a hot oven.
Green Corn Muffins. — Cut the rows of
corn and press the pulp out with a
knife. To two cupfuls corn add one
saltspoon salt, a tablespoonful butter,
the beaten yolks of two eggs, two cups
milk and three cups of flour in which
two teaspoonfuls of baking powder have
been sifted. Mix thoroughly; add the
beaten whites of the egg. Have muffin
pans heated and greased and half fill
with the mixture. Bake in quick oven
half an hour.
Scones. — Mix together three cups of
flour, one-half teaspoon of salt, two
tablespoons of sugar, three heaping tea¬
spoons of baking powder. Rub in two
tablespoons of butter, add one-half cup
of raisins (dredged with flour) and milk
enough to make .. biscuit dough. Knead
lightly a few moments on a floured
board, then roll to fit a round cake tin,
rolling thicker in the middle than on the
edges. Brush over with milk, then with
a sharp knife cut into quarters. Bake
in a hot oven twenty minutes.
Prize Rolls. — One pint milk, one-half
cup butter, one tablespoon sugar, one-
half teaspoon salt, one cake compressed
yeast, dissolved in one-third cup of
lukewarm water, and five and one-half
cups flour. Scald the milk and while
hot add the butter, sugar and salt. When
lukewarm add the dissolved yeast cake
and two and one-half cups of flour.
Beat thoroughly for five minutes. When
light, add the rest of the flour and
knead at least half an hour. Let rise
again, toss on a slightly floured board,
and without kneading roll out to one-
half inch thickness. Cut and shape the
rolls, and place in a buttered pan. Let
rise again, and when very light bake in
a hot oven fifteen minutes. This recipe
makes thirty rolls.
Cold Water Graham Gems. — Beat well
together two and one-third cupfuls of
graham flour, two cupfuls of very cold
water, a half teaspoon ful of salt and
one of sugar ; fold in lightly the beaten
whites of two eggs, pour into well-
greased and very hot gem pans, iron if
possible. Put a bit of butter on each
and bake in a hot oven twenty-five min¬
utes — not longer. It is not necessary to
the success of the gems to use the whites
of the eggs, but they add greatly to their
delicacy, and the value of the above
recipe lies' in this addition.
CRITICS
The physician who recommends,
the patient who uses and the
chemist who analyzes
Scott’s Emulsion
have established it as pre-eminently
the best in purity, in perfection
and in results.
No other preparation has stood
such severe tests, such world-wide
imitation and met with such popu¬
lar and professional endorsement.
To the babe, the child and the
adult it gives pure blood, strength,
solid flesh and vitality.
ALL DRUGGISTS
Xugs.Carpets.Curtains.'Blanhets
Prom the
Mill
We P<iy
Freight
dealers’ pro fits. We give a binding
guarantee of satisfaction and save
you 88 1-8 per cent. You can
buy the well-known llegal Rug.
619 ft., reversible, al 1 wool finis h .at
0S.75. Our Iiruuelo Rag, 6x9 ft.,
greatest value known,#1.85. Splendid grade mus¬
sels Rug, 9x12 ft., $ 1 1.
Famous In vlncIbleVcl-
vets. 9x12 ft., $16. Stan¬
dard Axmlnsters, 9x12
ft., $18.50, Fine quali¬
ty Lace Curtains 46c per
pair and up. Tapestry
Curtains. Wilton Ruga,
LinoleumsatMill prices.
Write to-day for our NKW
ILLUSTRATED CATALOG,
No. 14. Sent free. Shows lat¬
est designs in actual colors.
UNITED MILLS MFG CO.
2451-2482 JAlftS 8T.. PH1U.
Electric Lights make the brightest, safest,
cleanest and most reliable lighting system
known for farms and country homes. The
Dayton Electric Lighting Outfits are low in
cost, easy to install, cost almost nothing to
operate. Give you better lights than most city
people enjoy. Write today for complete illus¬
trated catalog showing outfits, fixtures, etc.
DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO.
231 8t. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
TH T. BEST LI GHT
Absolutely safe. Hakes and burns its own
gas. Brilliant 800 candle power light.
i-*Casts no shadow. Costs 2 cents per
week. No smoke, grease, nor odor. Over
200 styles. Every lamp warranted. Agents
wanted. W rite for catalog.
THE BEST LIGHT CO.
401 E. 5th St., Canton, O.
10 DAYS FREE TRIAL
We ship on approval without & rent
deposit. freight prepaid. DON'T
R AY A CENT tf you are not satisfied
after using the bicycle 10 days.
DO NOT BUY of tires from anyone
at any price until you receive our latest
art catalogs illustrating every kind of
bicycle, and have learned our unheard of
price a and marvelous new offers.
nyp peyT ia all it will co»t you to
“lit wfcll I write a postal and every¬
thing will be sent you free postpaid by
return mail. You will get much valuable in¬
formation. Do not wait, write it now
TIRES, Coaster - Brake rear
wheels, lamps, sundries at half usual prices*
Mo ad Cycle Co* Dept yvso Chicago
The Farmer’s Son’s
Great Opportunity
Why wait for the old farm to bocomo your in¬
heritance? Begin now to preparo for
your future prosperity and inde¬
pendence. A groat opportunity
awaits you In Manitoba, Saskatch¬
ewan or Alberta, whore you can se¬
cure a Free Homestead or buy land
at reasonable prices.
Now’s the Time
— not a year from now. when land
will be higher. The profits socured
from tho abundant crops of
Wheat, Oats and Barley, as
well M cattle raising, arc causing a steady ad-
vanco in price. Government returns show
that the number of settlers In West¬
ern Canada from tho U. S. was 00
per cent larger In 1910 than the
previous year.
Many farmers have paid for their
land out of the proceeds of one crop.
Free Homesteads of 160 acres and
pre-emptions of 1 60 acres at $3.00
an acre. Splendid climate, good
schools, excellentrailway facilities,
low freight rates; wood, water and
lumber easily obtained.
For pamphlet “Last Best West," particulars
as to locations and low settlers' rata, apply to
Sup’t Inunig. .Ottawa. Can. or to Can. Gov. Act.
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 .Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N . Y.
155)
78
<THE KUKAIi NEW-YORKER
January 21,
Live Stock and Dairy
RHODE ISLAND RED POULTRY.
Rhode Island Red poultry are a com¬
paratively new breed but are well liked
where known. They are a good general-
purpose fowl, being good layers, stand¬
ing confinement in close quarters well,
and are of good size. They are of a
R. I. RED ROOSTER. Fig. 30.
brownish red color, but vary in shade
from light to dark red in different in¬
dividuals. Young fowls and those with
new plumage of course have the darkest
feathers. Altogether they are handsome
birds, and a flock of them makes a fine
appearance. W. E. D.
Hillsboro, O.
R. N.-Y. — Over in Rhode Island the
other day we met men from the Little
Compton district on the east shore of
Narragansett Bay. This is the original
home of the Reds and they disprove
the old proverb about the honor of a
prophet. In that section the Reds are
supreme, and are considered the “com¬
ing fowls” for general farm use. In the
town of Little Compton with about 36
R. I. RED HEN. Fig. 31.
square miles there are some 60,000 hens,
all or most kept on the colony plan.
In fact the R. I. Red is the best “colony”
hen in the world, if we may believe
those farmers who have seen her de¬
velop and give them a new business that
is more profitable than any they ever had
before.
SEEDING RAPE FOR SHEEP.
On page 975 is an article by C. C. T., Eagle
Bridge, N. Y., headed “Rape for Lambs.’’
The problem of getting feed for sheep at
this season is what 1 am “up against" here.
C. O. T. speaks of sowing rape in corn¬
fields. Will it be all right where the land
is seeded to grass in the corn, or will the
sheep hurt the tender grass? I wish to
sow rape and had thought of sowing in
corn : on account of seeding with grass I
have not done it. Will C. C. T. inform
me about this and how much and what
kind of rape seed to sow, and also how
he sows where there is no other crop,
whether in drill or broadcast, and how
much seed to use? I would like to know
all about his methods of doing it.
Enfield, Mass. G. H. w.
In reply to G. H. W. I would say that
from his letter I understand that he sows
grass seed in his corn either to mow or
pasture the following year, which is a
new one to me, as in this section corn
is always followed by either oats or po¬
tatoes, seeding with the oats. However,
I should not hesitate to sow rape at the
rate of a pound to the acre, mixing and
sowing with the grass seed, when the
corn is given the . last cultivation. It
would not be wise to pasture closely if
G. H. W. wants grass the next year,
as rape of itself is not a balanced ration,
and sheep always need grass or hay with
it. Here we always pasture our new
seed in the oat stubble, but not so closely
as our other fields. This year I sowed
about 25 pounds of rape in 14 acres of
corn, July 20, and the field is now cov¬
ered (November S) with a growth rang¬
ing from six to 18 inches high. This in
a field that is turning 100 bushels of ear
corn per acre. As a rule, the smaller
the corn the bigger the rape. When
sowing by itself sow broadcast, about
four pounds per acre, and in all cases
sow Dwarf Essex. c. c. P.
R. N.-Y. — A good many farmers in
New England seed Timothy and Red-top
in the standing corn. The seed is scat¬
tered evenly all over the field and culti¬
vated and raked in. In the Spring the
stubs of the cornstalks are rolled down
and smoothed. We have seen some good
meadows seeded in this way, but we
would much prefer plowing and fitting
the ground before seeding. We should
think seeding rape with the grass would
be objectionable in two ways; the heavy
growth of rape would be likely to kill
out the young grass, and if the sheep
are kept in the field long enough to eat
the rape they will hurt the seeding by
tramping.
FARM HORSES FOR THE “NORTH
COUNTRY.”
That the farmers of northern New York
need a different type of horse than they
are getting from the West, or are breed¬
ing from western stock farms, seems evi¬
dent. Two years ago I met Senator Robert
Brith of Ontario, and Dr. Kearney of Mon¬
treal to discuss this question. At that
time there was a small remnant of the old
French horse in Canada, not the diminu¬
tive little Indian pony, but another thing
altogether. No horse has ever been im¬
ported that exactly supplies its place, nor
had certain qualities equal to it. This
being generally admitted a movement was
organized under the supervision of the gov¬
ernment, to save the few survivors and
thus perpetuate the race, if possible. Dr.
Kearney showed the writer a typical team,
perhaps, the best of the class in the coun¬
try, brown in color, well developed, with
good feet and tremendous strength of limb
and quarter, about 1,200 pounds weight,
good actors though trained for exhibition
purposes, and too high steppers for ordin¬
ary use. Recently I met the same two
breeders, and the government idea has been
modified. The brown stallion had been
sold and had gone to the Northwest. The
remnant of the race being so small it was
deemed best to breed toward some fixed
type, and a committee had been appointed
which should select such animals as- would
represent the ideal type. The ultimate
success of such a plan may be doubtful,
but it is a step in the right direction. The
horse needed in St. Lawrence County is
not the horse needed in the West, and a
1,200-pound horse is heavy enough provided
it be the right kind of a horse, a horse
with a good long quarter and flat, broad
bone. We are not particularly anxious
that he should be what is called a block
and we do not want his hams shaped like
a Berkshire pig's. Ferhaps some organiza¬
tions of farmers, could be formed which
might develop a certain type. It seems to
the writer that there are a few old Eng¬
lish hunters left yet that might be use¬
ful, but the result could only be deter-
moned by experiment. Even these old
hunters are getting scarce. An animal that
could carry a heavy man over a five-
barred gate is not spry enough ; it wants
a smaller animal that will take a smaller
man over a six-barred gate. The writer re¬
cently witnessed the performance of
Sorgs’ horses — the fancy and fashionable ;
they are evidently bred from facing stock.
I do not think the blood of the hunter
is in them and their progeny could not
meet the wants of the northern farmer
any better than the western horse that
weighs from 1,600 to 2,000 pounds. No
injurious climatic change is noted if we
bring them from Quebec, as sometimes
appears in shipments from the West.
J. E. DUBOIS.
Sex of Guineas.
I have a flock of guineas. Will some
one inform me how to tell the difference
between the male and the female?
M. L. B.
The head of the male is a little coarser
in appearance. They both utter the char¬
acteristic screech, but the hen alone gives
the low notes supposed to sound like “buck¬
wheat.” * .
Increase your milk supply at the
same time by feeding Dried Brewers
Grains and Malt Sprouts. Send for
our valuable descriptive booklet on
Points for Stock Feeders.
Farmers Feed Co.,
76th St. East River, New York City.
PEHC I
I 3D XI
OKTS
ERCHERON
STM.U0NS AND HIRES
Imported and home-bred. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 30 years an importer and breeder of prize winners.
E L W O O D S. AKIN
170 South Street, Auburn, N. Y.
Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
_ at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
iddlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
l Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
THE PERCHERON SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Has just increased its capital stock to
$100,000. 10,000 shares of $10 each. 3,000
shareholders, Nov. 28, 1910. 100 breeders
have taken membership since Dec. 1st.
Ninety-five per cent of the Percheron
breeders of America record with the
Percheron Society. * # # * »
Information pertaining Perclierons furnished. Address
WAYNE UINSMOKE, Secretary,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill.
To Avoid Inbreeding
We Will Sell Our Pure-Bred Suffolk Stallion
He stands 16 hands, seven years old, sound, kind,
gentle, and will work in any spot or place. This is
a tried sire and his colis can be seen in this entire
section of Virginia. Weight, 1,600. Price, $1,200,
delivered at your station in New York. New Jersey,
Pennsylvania or Maryland. F. W. OKIE, Proprie¬
tor Piedmont Farms, Marshall, Va.
KENTUCKY MAMMOTH JACKS, JEN¬
NETS and SADDLE HORSES.
We are the Largest Breeders in America of Mam¬
moth Jacks. Hampshire and Tam worth hogs. Stock
of all ages for sale. J. F. COOK 8 CO., Lexington, Ky.
HORSE OWNERS try the clean
CURRY
At Our Risk
md save dollars in
time, laboR and ex¬
pense. Automatic
COMB
I ABOUT
HORSES
action, durable, effec¬
tive, easy on the horse,
and always clean. Send
address— stating number
ofhorsesowned.and we’llsend Comb postpaid.1
Aitkb Trial, send or return comb at our expense. Valuable Horse Hoop
wntfree. Clean Comb Co.. 76 Fifth St. . Racine. W is-
| : i ; SI H EEF : : : |
Woodland Dorsets
Woodland Dorsets have been sold into practically
every State in the Union, and are giving satisfac
tion. I can spare fifty head of splendid ewes, all
of them bred to a very fine ram.
CHAS. B. WING, Mechanlcsburg, Ohio.
UDflDCUIREQ-100 y®al'linE ewes; 40
nnUrOninCO yearling rams. Price and
aediug right. FRED VAN VLEET, LODI. N.Y.
H
ID
G S
pm I 1C D|| DC— From imported stock. Females
UULLIL I U TO cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City. Pa.
DEATH TO HEAVES
||Elgf TAIJ9C Heave, Cough, Distemper
II !■ II I U ll v and Indigestion Cure.
$1 can cures heaves. The third
is guaranteed to cure or
moneyrefunded.-tl percan
at dealers, or express pre¬
paid. Send for booklet.
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO.
TOLEDO, OHIO.
DAIRY CATTLE
KSli HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
ONTARIO VAN FRIESLAND DE KOL
BULL CALF, three months old; sire, America
DeKol Burke; dam, Wooderest Van Friesland,
over 21 pounds. Price, $75 crated f. o. b.
Charlotte. Send for details.
CLOY ERI> ALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Lunt, Owner John J. Eden, Manager
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEIN-FR1ESI AN ASS'N OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON. SECY. BOX 105, BRATTLEBORO.VT.
knyo°w dtV 'Tt Fern’s Jubilee No. 73852
A. J. C. C., is one of the best “butter bred” bulls
in the world, investigate. Then order one of his
young sons before it is too late. Nothing over three
months old on hand at present. Address
J. GRANT MORSE, -:- Laurel Farm, -:- Hamilton, N.Y.
Breed Up-Not Dowrfr’c.r^TS
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. It. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Millr Prndtirprc for New Vork City Piarket
ITllltY llUUUvUlo desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville. N. Y.
: SWINE
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires, C. Whites.
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
Pups, Beagles and Poultry. Write for
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Middletown, Pa
01bs-9Tfoirfhs
Jersey Reds fatten easily 8 quickly.
timaU-boned, loug-bodied, vigorous
A prolific. Meat unsurpassed. Have
some choice offerings now. Write
for catalog and prices. Arthur J.
Collins, Box K, Mooreptown,N.J.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. ^;e ^
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eigiit to twelve woeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-in
eat-h of the last three volumes ot American Berkshire Kecord
we sold ami registered more Berkshires than any other breeder
in the United Slates. The large proportion went to old custom¬
ers. TbieBpeaks for itself. H.II. & II. B. Hai-pending, Dundee, N.Y.
Pliroka Qtnrlf Farm- Registered Jersey Bulls
LulCnu OlUun I a I III and Heifers, 6 monthsto2
years old. Chester White, Poland China and
Berkshire Pigs. Scotch Collie Pups and a variety
of poultry. Send two-cent stamp for circular.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Pa.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Sows bred for spring farrow. August aud
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Fa.
A BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PIG given for a
few hours of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannettsburg, Pa,
nimnPQ THE BIG’ i>kef fellows
UUnUUO that grow and mature quickly.
Pigs and Gilts for sale at all times.
SHENANGO RIVER FARMS, Transfer, Pa.
Ty pi ore $3 each ; pair, $15. A. M
.DCI n.51111 C JL lg a DAVIS, Trooper, Pa.
Use Indestructible Hameless Horse and Mule Collars
To prevent and cure sore shoulders. No hames.pads or straps; stronger,
lighter, better. Made of metal and zinc coated. Guaranteed not to rust in
any climate. Adjustable in size to fit animal if spring fat or fall poor.
Holds it's shape. Cheaper because everlasting. Easy to put on and take off.
YEAR’S FREE TRIAL
Endorsed by veterinaries and team owners as the only collar fit to use on
horse or mule. Used by City Fire Departments and U. S. Government. Sold
direct where dealer does not handle them. Good agents wanted. Address
JOHNSTON-SLOCUM CO., 708 State Street. CARO. MICHIGAN
Contains full information and complete feeding directions tor using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal —The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
No mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1 600.
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911.
"THE HURAIi. NEW-YORKBK
79
milk:.
Fistula of Milk Duct.
Since January 1, 1911, the N. Y. Ex¬
change price of milk has been $1.91 per 40-
quart can, netting four cents per quart
to shippers in the 26-eent zone.
Farmers are selling milk to dealers at the
scale of 15 cents per gallon, the dealers re¬
tailing at eight cents per quart, while
others are selling cream at Elgin quota¬
tions. There is not much doing in the
poultry business in this locality. n. e. b.
Massillon, Ohio.
Milk rn Alton, Ill., our best trading
town, sells for 25 and 30 cents a gallon
delivered in quart bottles by nearby farm¬
ers. Others wholesale it for 15 cents a
gallon. We are not in the milk business ;
we make butter and get 35 cents a pound
the year around. We aim to sell 100
pounds a week on an average, but fell a
little short of that this year. a. x.
Bethalto, Ill.
The milk in Winnebago Co., Ill., is
handled in the following way. Some farm¬
ers separate their own milk and sell butter
at from 27 to 35 cents a pound ; other send
their milk to creamery at $1.70 to $2 per
100, 10 cents less for hauling. Farmers
who live within five to eight miles of the
city of Rockford sell their milk to peddlers
at 3 cents a quart. Of the 50 or 60 milk
peddlers in Rockford but four per cent, ped¬
dle their own milk at six cents a quart.
Prices on grain and feed at present are :
Corn, 35 to 40 cents ; oats, 28 to 29 cents
a bushel ; bran, $24 a ton ; oil meal, $37 a
ton ; cotton-seed meal, $34 a ton. Farmers
mostly feed their own grain. j. l.
Cherry Valley, Ill.
A large condenser, with branches along
the coast, is located at Mt. Vernon, our
county seat, which takes the greater part
of our milk in this county. The company
hires teams to pick up the milk at the
ranches and haul to the condenser, charg¬
ing 10 cents per hundred for hauling, and
pays $1.90 per hundred pounds in the
Winter, and $1.35 per hundred in Summer
when it tests from 3.7 to 4 per cent butter
fat. They also had gasoline launches on
the river (Skagit) carrying milk from up
river points to the condenser. Some of
the dairymen have separators and ship the
cream to creameries along the railroad,
getting 42 cents per pound for butter fat.
Dairymen near town supply the demand
by the quart, about six cents per quart.
Grain is high here, but not quite as high
as it has been, retailing as follows :
Cracked corn, $28 to $30 per ton ; wheat,
about $32 ; oats, from $24 to $28 ; shorts,
$1.25 per 100 pound sack ; bran, 90 cents
per 80 pound sack. r. h. p.
Clear Lake, Wash.
We have a young cow three years old
that got a hole in one of her teats on a
wire fence. The hole Is about in the mid¬
dle of the teat, and it leaks through the
udder. When I milk her the milk runs
out of the hole in the center and end too.
Will you tell me if there is any way to
close the hole? j. n.
Xew York.
Put a strip of surgeon’s plaster around
the teat to cover the hole referred to. This
will still allow of milking, but if leaking
continues, from under the plaster, remove
it and paint the orifice with flexible col¬
lodion, coat upon coat, and then put on
* new strip of plaster. When the cow is
dry the fistula should be done away with
by operation, which can only be properly
done by an expert surgeon. a. s. a.
A Water-proof Stable Floor. — H. A. J
asks on. page 1016 for information with
regard to a waterproof stable floor. Con¬
crete, if properly mixed and placed, will
give the most satisfactiou. A wooden floor
laid in pitch or asphaltum would make a
tight floor, but would not be as durable
as concrete. The woven wire fencing which
E. S. B. suggests as a reinforcement would
be of more value if placed nearer the bot-
tim of the cement, thus giving more chance
to fasten it to the plank floor, and greater
protection irom dampness. The greater
thickness of content above the wire would
be less liable to be broken by rough use.
A good grade of fencing should be used as it
will be needed as long as the floor is in use.
The thickness of the concrete is not the fac¬
tor to be considered except as far as
strength is concerned, its waterproof qual¬
ities depending on density. A 1-2-4 mixture
is rich enough if coarse sand and small or
broken stone under one inch is used ; but if
the sand is fine the cement should be in¬
creased 15 per cent. The concrete should
be wet enough to be quite mushy and the
wooden floor should be thoroughly wet be¬
fore placing concrete. Tamp until water
shows on top. The surface should be
trowelled smooth before the concrete has
set hard, and the surface should be kept
wet for several days to prevent too rapid
drying. A slight pitch should be given to
carry liquid to a gutter or drain back of
stalls. A good plan would be to carry the
concrete up around the sides about six
inches high to protect sills and side of
barn from damp. One bag of cement will
Some farmers produce milk and peddle
it out, and get from six to eight cents per
quart, according to the amount the customer
takes. Cream is sold ranging six to eight
cents per one-half pint. Some farmers sell
milk to peddlers who do not produce any
milk themselves ; ranging price is three
cents in Summer and four cents in Winter.
Some farmers separate their milk at home
and deliver the cream two and three times
a week to railroad stations where it is
shipped to creameries and receive price ac¬
cording to the amount of butter fat it con¬
tains ; 27 cents per pound butter fat at
present time. Some sell their milk to deal¬
ers in Cedar Rapids, they selling same to
consumers at from six to eight cents per
quart, the farmer getting from $1.25 to
$1.75 per 100 pounds, depending on the
season of the year. Corn in this locality is
bringing 34 cents for new and 40 cents' for
old, shipping price. Cedar Rapids local
market is paying from 40 cents to 50 cents,
depending on quality and demand. Oats,
shipping, 26 to 27 cents local Cedar Rapids
market, from 27 to 28 cents, according to
demand. Hay tame, $13 to $14 per ton;
wild, $10 to $12; straw, $5 to $6; pota¬
toes 50 to 75 cents per bushel ; wheat, 75 to
85 cents. e. j. w.
Palo, Iowa.
The wholesale price of milk in Erie Coun¬
ty, N. Y., is about 13 cents a gallon, freight
being .paid by purchaser. Some producers
are getting 16 cents for the Winter for
extra milk, but very few have extra milk
in cold weather. The Buffalo market takes
all it can get for a large radius around the
city, and then there are times when the
supply is inadequate, because a large num¬
ber of farmers take their milk to cream¬
eries, of which there is quite a number.
Milk contracts are made from May first
usually for one year, milk payments month¬
ly. The city retailers have an organization,
the farmers have no union, although one
was started several years ago ; the farmers
here have to take the price offered them by
the city retailers or quit. The farmers are
mostly selling two cans of eight gallons
each, but some sell four, six or eight cans.
It is mostly shipped to Buffalo by rail, al¬
though several hundred cans are hauled by
wagon daily. There has been some falling
off of producers the last year, and many
more promise to quit the coming year. The
present low price of milk and strict sani¬
tary inspection by the city and State health
departments, coupled with the high price
of feeds and fresh cows, is very detri¬
mental to the profitable production of milk ;
therefore many choose to take their milk to
creameries or take up some other branch
of farming that pays better. s. s.
MILKING MACHINES.
Is there any milking machine that will
really do the work well, and cows take to
them all right, so that they are really a
good thing to own for a herd of 20 cows?
i* j.s getting so hard to hire men to do the
milking that we surely need the machine.
Franklinville, N. Y. e. n. r.
The use of milking machines does not
seem to be gaining rapidly. A number
of machines have been introduced and tried
practically. Some are still being operated,
but they have not "revolutionized” the
dairy business as predicted. It is now
P ™e to sum up the matter fairly after long
trial. We would like to hear from those
who have tried the machines. Are they
really practical? *
make about 4% cubic feet of 1-2-4 con¬
crete, or about six cubic feet of a 1-3-6 mix¬
ture. H. A. J. had better order two or three
extra bags of cement rather than be de¬
layed for lack of material. r. b. g.
Bridgeton, N. J.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
240 Page Book On
and Silage
10c
Most complete work on this subject
published. Used as text book by
many Agricultural Colleges. Gives
the facts about Modern Silage Meth¬
ods— tells just what you want to
know. 240 pages— indexed— over 40
illustrations, a vast amount of useful infoi
mation boiled down for the practical farmei
Jells „H.ow to Make Silage”— “How to Fee.
Silage”— How to Build Silos”— “How to Mate
tain Soil Fertility by Silage System.” All abou
Summer Silos” and the Use of Silage in Bee
Production. Limited Revised and Enlargei
Edition now ready. Send for your copy befor
too late. Enclose 10c in coin or postage stamp
and mention this paper.
Silver Manufacturing Co., Salem, Ohii
INDIANA J SILOS
Are recognized as the best made.
Ten Thousand now in use on the
Beet Farms in the World. More
than half of the Prize Winning
Cattle at the Big Shows and Fairs
every year are fod from the
FAMOUS INDIANA SILOS.
CDCF Our New Catalog, also
P If The Silo Advocate, and
J “BILO PROFITS”- a 160-page
book written by 200 of the beet Farmers In
America. Our Factories are located at|
Anderson, Ind., DesMoines, Iowa, and Kan- _ _
MS City, Mo. (ta-Wrlte for these valuable books FREE I
INDIANA SILO CO.
318 Union Building, Anderson, Indiana
SILOS
The kind '•Uncle Sam" uses, best
and cheapest. Send for catalog.
HARDER MFC. CO.
Box 1 1 , Coblesklll, N. Y.
Continuous Opening
Best Materials
Braced Door Frame
Adjustable Doors
Permanent Ladder
Three Stylet
Five kinds lumber
A
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
t NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-8AVINQ
fJS INTERNATIONAL
SILOS
>ii Zm\
'll
strongest built* simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take up hoop-
continuous open-door front — air-tight door and pet*
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. The
International BUe Co- 113 Bafa St.. UaesrlKo. Bto
Wants You to
Answer this Advertisement
you select— because he sells V
Phelps will save you $25.00
$75.00 ou the purchase price of
Vehicle — according to the style
direct from factory.
Phelps has the confidence of over 140,000 farmers throughout
the United States who have already bought Split Hickory
Vehicles from him this way. These customers send Phelps
thousands of other customers every year — and have written him
thousands of testimonial letters because they’ve been, so well
pleased with their bargains.
Every Vehicle Phelps sells he makes to order — giving his
customers many choices as to style, finish, upholstery, trimmings,
etc. gives them exactly the Vehicle they want — when they want
it— and at the price they want to pay.
Trade-Mark Split Hickory Vehicles
Highest Grade That*s Made
e^2od,wCrl?-inT,^nninfir gc,aTS. and shafts- of straight grained second growth
Shellbark Split Hickory— wheels celebrated triple A grade found on no other
Vehicle and guaranteed to be up to quality of sample spoke which is shipped
(unpamted) with every
vehicle sold.
Don’t you want this Free
Book? Isn’t it worth while
to know all about how
a good buggy should be
made? Do you realize that
95 out of every 100 dealers
know little about Buggies —
never have been inside a
Buggy Factory?
Don’t you want the best
Buggy made— not one that’s
made in big lots by ordinary buggy
manufacturers to be sold to dealers to
compete with the cheap mail order
catalogue houses? Just say on the
postal “Phelps — I want the book”—
he’ll do the rest. Address,
H. C. PHELPS, President
The Ohio Carriage
Manufacturing Co.
Station 290, COLUMBUS, O.
The Largest Factory in the
World Selling Direct to Consumer
*2522 to *7500
OR NO SALE
30 Days’ Free Road Test
— 2 Years’ Guarantee
■and Get This Buggy Book Free
Phelps wants to pay the postage on his Big New Show
Room Buggy Book for 1911 — fresh from the printer.
He wants you to have this Book to look over the
125 different styles of Auto Seat Buggies — Surreys —
Carriages — Phaetons — Driving Carts — Spring Wagons,
etc. and a full line of Harness — whether you buy
anything from him or not.
This Big Book shows you more Vehicles and
Harness than you could see in 10 big towns — or in 25
Dealers’ Stores. ^
Phelps writes the Book himself — and he has a new
plan this year of showing you — with big life size actual
photographs — all the points about a Buggy — how it
should be made — and what it should be made of — and j£
Phelps knows.
!« ROSS SILO
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length atave.
Conti nuou* door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled ailo door with
hinge*. Equipped with extra heavy
boopa at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Make, winter feed equal to Juno
Brass. Til E ROSS will more than pay
tot itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which give, facte that
will gave you money. Agant. wanted.
The E. W. Ross Co.(Est.l850)
Box 13 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO
GREEN MOUNTAIN
SILOS
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative if you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
, CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.,
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
ECONOMY SILO
Our simple yet perfect-fitting doors,
forming air-tight silo entirely pre¬
vent possibility of ensilage spoiling.
Quick, easy adjustment without
hammer or wrench. Free access.
Every silo easy to erect. Seasoned
wh i te p i ne or cypress staves. Refined
iron hoops form easy ladder.
Write for free catalogue with proof
of our claims from delighted users.
ECONOMY SILO * MFC. CO.,
■** Frederick, Md.
jiiriiuir
You can shove ensilage out ofthe unobstructed,
continuous door front of a Unadilla $i)ol5 cents
a ton cheaper than yon can pitch it up 3 to 0 fl.
over croaa-bars on an ordinary silo,
Unadilla Silo doors shove np — most others
push in, making it necessary to feed to the
bottom of these doors before they can be opened.
Non-breakable lugs, cold rolled over threads on
►end of steel hoops— ^ stronger than ordinary
cut thread hoops. Write for 25 Reasons Why.
Extra discount for early orders. Agents wanted.
Of API I. LA SILO CO., Box B, Unadilla, N. Y.
80
January 21,
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
HOW TO BOX “BABY CHICKS.”
Can you give me an idea as to tlie best
way to box day-old chicks, to express?
Licking Co., O. H. a. a.
In boxing “day olds” for shipment by
express we use what we call “flats” or
shallow boxes four to five inches high,
15 to 18 inches wide, and about two
feet long, holding 100 to 200 chicks.
First take a strip of coarse muslin, or
even burlap will do, and lay one end of
it across the box on which place a
layer of cotton batting, thin if the
weather is warm, and thicker if cold.
Then fold back the muslin and press
the pad thus formed down evenly on
the bottom and against the edges of the
box, when it is ready for the chicks.
Now, being very careful not to let the
chicks get chilled, the box is filled
evenly, but not piled up. Then fold the
muslin across over the chicks and put
on another layer of batting, enough to
fill the box, then you fold back the mus¬
lin and nail strips closely for a cover,
and they are ready for the devious ways
of the express company.
FLOYD Q. WHITE.
The business of hatching and selling
day-old chicks has increased enormously
within two years. To many people who
are not familiar with the poultry busi¬
ness this matter is entirely new, and
they do not understand how it is pos¬
sible to send the tender little chicks any
great distance without many of them
dying on the way. As a matter of fact
the chick 10 hours after he has kicked
himself loose from the egg shell is in
much better condition to be safely
shipped 500 to 1,000 miles than he
would be when a week or two weeks
old. In his body is the entire yolk of
the egg which was surrounded by the
chick only a short time before it left
the shell. This yolk furnishes sufficient
nourishment to sustain the chick’s life
for four or five days ; the only thing
to be provided is warmth; and that the
chick itself furnishes, as each little body
is a furnace generating heat, and if
enough chicks are kept together, say 25
to 50, and the heat is kept from being
dissipated by a burlap or muslin cover
over the box containing the chicks, they
may be safely shipped any distance
which can be covered by express trains
in three or four days. The muslin cover
allows sufficient ventilation, and prac¬
tically the greatest risk the chicks have
to run is the care of the express agent.
He may be overkind and put the chicks
so near the stove or steampipes that
they become overheated, or carelessly
leave them where a strong draft of cold
air may chill them ; but with reasonable
care they may be shipped 500 miles and
the loss not exceed two or three per
cent.
This opens up great possibilities for
the man who desires to start in the
poultry business; for there is no expense
for incubators and an incubator cellar,
no loss from infertile eggs or chicks
“dead in the shell,” and then better yet,
he can have all his flock practically of
the same age, which is a very great ad¬
vantage in raising the chicks. White
Leghorn chicks a day old are advertised
for sale in all the poultry magazines
for $10 per 100. Suppose a man pays
$50 for 500 chicks May 1. Allowing a
loss by hawks, skunks and other causes
of 20 per cent, he would have in the
Fall 400 head, worth a dollar apiece.
Or if he sold the cockerels for broilers
when one to two pounds in weight,
which would under ordinary conditions
pay the entire cost of raising the pullets,
he ought to have 200 good pullets ready
to lay in September or October and
keep it up all Winter. This, of course,
is supposing that tire chicks have been
well cared for from the time they were
received. I have been asked “what pro¬
portion of the chicks received in this
way can be expected to live?” I would
answer, just about as many as if they
had been hatched in your own house
and carried across the road to the
brooder. The brooding is the most im¬
portant part, and the heatless brooder
has come to stay.
My own experience and what I saw
done by my neighbors last year con¬
vinces me that stronger and healthier
chicks can be raised without heat than
with. Mr. Fred Gammack raised 1000
White Leghorn chicks last year in cheese
boxes, simply cheese boxes, obtained at
the grocery stores in Hartford. No arti¬
ficial heat whatever was used. Last
Fall I went through his poultry houses,
and never saw a thriftier lot of birds,
and he tells me they are laying to beat
anything in his experience. Mr. Gam-
mack takes stiff paper — strawboard — and
makes a little yard in front of the cheese
box, tacking the strawboard to the sides
of the box, and cutting an oval hole on
each side of the box where the straw-
board joins it, so that the chicks when
they crowd in the corners, crowd them¬
selves through the hoies right into the
box. An iron wire ring fitting loosely
inside the box has a “sheet” sewed to
it, and one or two cotton stuffed
“blankets” are dropped on the “sheet.”
The ring is suspended from the top edge
of the box by bent wires. That is all
the “mother” the chicks have, and it
does the business. The cheese boxes
cost nothing, the rest of the niaterial
five or 10 cents. A cheap way certainly
of brooding 25 or 30 chicks. Mr. Gam-
mack had a lot of the old lamp brood¬
ers ; he tore the insides all out, retaining
only the four sides and t'lie roof, and
put the cheese boxes inside on the
ground. When the chicks were two
weeks old the paper “yard” was re¬
moved and the chicks had the run of
the inside of the brooder, and remained
there until large enough to be put in
colony houses out in the cornfield. For
the man who has not a suitable place to
keep incubators, or the time to attend
to them, the opportunity to buy day-old
chicks is a great convenience. Orders
for chicks should be sent into the deal¬
ers as early as possible, stating the time
when chicks will be wanted. Two years
ago I bought 200 day-old chicks — R. I.
Reds; they had to be carried about four
miles, then shipped to me by train, and
carried two miles to my place. The
chicks arrived in good condition, not a
dead one in the lot, and I raised most
of them, selling the cockerels for broil¬
ers. I selected 40 of the pullets in the
Fall, put them in a 10x20 foot house,
and they gave me 16 to 20 eggs a day
all Winter. The Hall mammoth incu¬
bators, holding 20,000 to 30,000 eggs,
hatching a larger percentage than smaller
machines, and reducing the labor cost,
have made the production of day-old
chicks a very profitable business.
GEO. A. COSGROVE.
Use a HERCULES
All-Steel Triple-Power
Stump Puller on
30 Days’ Free Trial
Clear up your stumpy fields at our risk now
with a famous Hercules on 30 days’ Free Trial.
Test it on your place at our risk. Pulls stumps
out, roots and all. 400% stronger than any
other puller made. Triple power attachment
means one-third greater pull. The only stump
puller guaranteed for 3 years. Only one with
Double Safety Ratchets. Only one with all
bearings and working parts turned, finished
and machined, reducing friction, increasing
power, making a it extremely light-running.
S Hitch on to any stump
400% and the
Power tL Stump is Bound
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Also pulls largest-
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dangerous
and cost 1 y
dynamite, it
only shatters
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roots in ground.
Save big money
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Read
This
Letter
The Quaker Oats Co.,
Gentlemen: — I was feed¬
ing 1 bushel Gluten, 1 bush¬
el Bran, and 1 busiiel of
Gornmeal mixed, (equal parts
bulk), when I was advised to
feed 1 bushel Gluten and 2 bushels of
Schumacher Stock Feed. I was milk¬
ing 18 cows: in 3 days my cows gained
62 lbs. of milk. They continued to do
fine. I used up my supply of Schu¬
macher and went after more but the
dealer was out. I bought bran and
meal and went back to my former ra¬
tion. In 2 days my cows dropped down
50 lbs. in milk. I bought more Schu¬
macher as soon as I could, and am
getting very fine results again. My
cows not only give more milk but keep
in better condition. I have also fed
my horses Schumacher Feed and I
never had them keep in as good shape
doing heavy work.
C. B. Ames, Delevan, N. Y
’■ffi
1
We Say it Again!
You Are Losing
Money and MUk
Every Buy You Put Off
testing the New Schumacher feeding plan. We don’t ask you to take
our word for this— just read the words of your fellow-dairymen herewith. We
could fill this and a dozen more pages with letters like these from the best
and largest dairymen in the country, telling how this simple plan
Saves $522 to $822. a Ton
on feed and in addition produces a remarkable increase in milk and puts cows in the fin¬
est kind of condition. You certainly want such results, don’t you? You can get
them as sure as day dawns if you will mix
Schumacher Feed
(to the amount of two-thirds your ration) with any protein concentrates such as Gluten, Malt Sprouts,
Distiller’s Grains, Oil Meal, Cotton Seed Meal, Blue Ribbon Dairy Feed or similar high protein feeds you
are feeding. That’s simple— that’s easy. The reason it works so well is:
_ wm j. Milk prices were never higher. Coarse grain prices never more favorable, making it
r iirStS possible to sell Schumacher at or below the price of bran.
» Schumacher Feed, a kiln dried, ground corn, wheat, oat and barley products feed.
Second" scientifically blended is the most perfect “balance” you can get to complete
a ration such as you want for milk making and to build up and maintain good flesh and strength
^ so necessary to enable your cows to stand long, heavy milking periods.
By cutting down your high cost concentrates you save $5 to $8 a ton— have a
better ration for the purpose— get more milk— and when cows are dry
they are ready for the butcher without any expensive “fitting.” A test wjll prove
jjAv and please you.
your
®88fes
■L
rm&V Chicago,
%
Gained
30 Bbsm
) fro mi 4
Cows
Thirds
•ady for the butcher without any expensive - ntting. test wm jiiuvt
se you. As a hog feed you will find Schumacher especially fine. Get it at
dealer, if he hasn’t it, write us. By all means try it now,
while every drop of milk means money to you. ""
The Quaker Oats Go*,
U. & Aa
The Quaker Oats Co.,
Gentlemen: During tho past
few months I have been feeding
my dairy a ration composed of
equal parts of Gluten Feed and
Distillers Grain. About two
weeks ago I left out the Dis¬
tillers Grain and began using
Schumacher Feed in its place
and feeding just the samo
amount. In 2 days my dairy has
gained 30 lbs. of milk per day. 13
of these cows have been milked
since last March and April.
Tho most important point in
this test is tho fact that, while
Schumacher’s cost me $6.C0 per
ton less than tho Distillers Grain ,
my cows actually gained in milk
production by feeding it. and at
a time when, as every dairyman
knows, it is the tendency for cows
that have been milked continu¬
ously as long as these have,
to shrink.
J. E. Murray, Freedom. N.Y.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKEH
1911.
HI
THE CHECK AND THE BOGUS COW.
Your cow swindle stories on pages
1104 and 1190 lead me to tell of my
own experience with professional cow
dealers. I ought to say cow jockeys,
for they are first cousins to the horse
jockeys, and it is my opinion that the
outside of a horse is a far better in¬
dication of its value than is the out¬
side of a cow. A peculiar thing about
these people is that they insist on tell¬
ing you what some one told them, and
in trying to avoid any responsibility
themselves, and when they make a sale
they want their money before they let
go of the halter. In August I bought
a cow which was represented to be
fresh, and which had by her side a calf
five or six weeks old. She turned out
to be a stripper, and her present con¬
dition is evidence that she has been
milked at least six months and perhaps
a very much longer time. I was getting
a little wiser, but was no better off. As
I was looking for a milker and not a
boarder I decided to try again. I had
not long to wait, for it was only a few
days before another dealer came along
with a fine-looking cow; he said that
the parties of whom he bought her told
him that she would give a certain
(large) amount of milk, and that he be¬
lieved them. After some bantering he
put the cow in the barn and received
in payment a check. It was after bank¬
ing hours, and I had two chances to
milk the cow before the bank could
cash the check. That night the cow
hardly wet the bottom of the pail, and
the next morning gave less than a quart.
It was an easy matter to stop payment
on the check by telephone, and was a
case where the dealer got his cash and
he didn’t get it. S. A. P.
Niagara Co., N. Y.
WHAT CORN FOR THE SILO ?
Let us have all sides of this corn silage
discussion. The question is whether it
pays better to grow a very large amount
of stalks of a variety like Eureka or to
grow less bulk of a variety which will pro¬
duce ears. Mr. Brigham, on page 5, argues
for the latter plan. Here is another Ver¬
mont man on the other side:
Here are our conclusions, after har¬
vesting and feeding from our silo for
over two months. It is as good silage
as I ever fed, and will produce as much
milk pound for pound as any we ever
fed. We had stalks that were 16 feet
high and we used no commercial fer¬
tilizer on this whatever. The silo which
we filled to its utmost capacity from
seven acres of Eureka held 13 acres of
Sanford corn in 1899. We have good
corn land, but it must be remembered
we are in a latitude of short seasons.
Now by raising Eureka we had six acres
of ground to plant to Northern corn, of
which we had over 800 bushels to crib
on just the ground we gained by plant¬
ing the larger variety, f. b. martin.
PRODUCTS, PRICES and TRADE.
Germany produced 14,793,300 tons of
pig iron during 1910, an increase of nearly
2,000,000 tons over the previous year.
Anthracite coal to the amount of 64,-
905,786 tons was shipped from mines of
this country in the past year.
Dressed Poultry. — Receipts of the past
week have been so light that the market,
which was so overstocked during the holi¬
days, has been cleared up and shows an
actual scarcity in some items now. Fresh-
killed fancy turkeys are particularly scarce,
and the same Is true of fancy roasting
chickens. Such turkeys are selling up to
24 cents and chickens 22. The demand fol¬
lower grades is light. Capons have brought
as high as 25 cents, retailing at 28 to 30
cents. These must weigh from eight to
10 pounds. Small capons, running under
six pounds, bring no more than ordinary
chickens. Choice ducks are very scarce.
Butter.— The market is weak and lower
on practically all grades. Buyers are tak¬
ing only enough for current needs, being
uncertain how far the drop will go. Values
on grades below choice and on storage
creamery are unsettled and largely a mat¬
ter of dickering. A decline at this season
is disquieting to the storage interests, as
they operate on a much narrower margin
of profit than formerly. The butterine
makers have been making strenuous efforts
to increase their sales in New York re¬
cently, and with some success, mainly in
the high class product, which sells just
below choice butter. The opinion is ex¬
pressed that this open and advertised sale
of butterine is merely a bluff to attract
attention from its illicit sale as butter.
There is probably truth in this because so
long as it is made to resemble butter so
closely that no one but an expert can tell
the difference, a force of inspectors larger
than the regular army would be needed to
prevent the substitution somewhere along
the line of sale.
Foreign Meats. — Several lots of fresh
beef and mutton have been received at
New York during the past year from South
America, New Zealand and Australia. One
shipment of over 12,000 carcasses of frozen
mutton came from New Zealand. The
quality was good, and after paying trans¬
portation and duty it is said to have cost
the importers about one cent less than
native mutton. Those handling these
meats have not advertised the fact, as they
were not looking for additional trouble
with our “infant industry” meat trust.
Probably very few consumers who used
these meats from South America and the
South Seas knew that they were other than
the home product. It is understood that
these meat importations will be consider¬
ably increased during the coming year.
The duty on fresh meats is 1% cent per
pound ; hams, four cents, and meats other¬
wise preserved, 25 per cent of their value.
Potato trade has improved a little,
though there is still a considerable burden
of frosted or otherwise inferior stock on
hand, selling from 25 to 40 cents per
bushel. Chilled potatoes, if used quickly,
do very well for cheap hotel and restau¬
rant trade, as few customers object to the
sweetish taste caused by chilling. Long
Island potatoes, which are considered the
best that come to New York, are now re¬
tailing at $1 to .$1.25 per bushel, depending
upon quality and in what part of the city
they are bought. A friend has the rather
novel idea of making potatoes a great
restaurant specialty. His plan is to serve
large portions of baked and mashed pota¬
toes cooked to the top notch of skill so
often found on farm tables. He thinks
that there will be a popular contrast be¬
tween the sloppy, lumpy or soggy alleged
mashed or baked potatoes of restaurant
fare, and potatoes baked just right, or
mashed to a light and melting consistency,
yet firm enough so that a spoonful will not
run. Perhaps there is something in this
idea, and, as there is no patent on it, any
other eating house man is at liberty to
put it in practice. I feel quite sure that a
large number of patrons would be better
satisfied, and incidentally it would not be
a bad thing for potato growers, w. w. h.
The Sterilac
Milk
Pail
It Keeps
Milk
Sweet
The only pail that keeps dirt -
out of the milk at milking time. Test it and prove it
10 Da^s Free Trial
to prove to yon that it’s the best thing in the milk
pail line you ever saw. Simply ship it back if you
don’t like it. We’ll pay express both ways. No
other milk pail ever made like it. Look at this pic¬
ture. There is a separate shelf for a dirt catcher.
Not a particle of dust, hair or filth can get into the
milk. Dirt is kept dry and thrown out, not wet and
allowed to“trickle” into the milk to taint it and make
it sour quickly. That explains why it is approved by
all dairymen, doctors and pure milk officers. Made
extra strong. Right pattern for easy washing and
handling milk. 1’rice ®2.60. Ask your dealer. If
he hasn’t it wo will send trial pail prepaid. See how
it will build up your reputation for pure milk.
STERILAC COMPANY, 5 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass.
li
Figure on
Painting
This Spring
A second short flax
crop keeps linseed oil
up, but the increase in
price in pure white lead
paint is not so great as
you may fear.
Get at your dealer’s
the cost of 100 pounds
of “Dutch Boy Painter ”
White Lead, 4 gals, pure
linseed oil, 1 gal. tur-
lentine, 1 pint turpentine drier — this makes
; gallons of old-fashioned paint.
Compare this cost, either by the gallon or by
be job. with what you used to pay for paint.
You’ll find the difference so small that yon
an’t afford to put off painting, or to paint with
nything except "Dutch Boy Painter” While
.ead. Write for free “ Painting Helps No. 108
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
Offices in the following cities:
ew York Boston Buffalo
incinnati Cleveland St. Louis
San Francisco
ohn T. Lewis A Bros. Co.,
Philadelphia)
Mational Lead and Oil Co.,
Pittsburgh)
Is Oleomargarine
As Good As Butter?
Because oleomargarine is colored like butter and
looks like butter and even tastes like butter, is it as
as good as butter %
The makers CLAIM it is.
You KNOW it is not.
You know that it is an inferior article, that it is sold
by misrep resen tatiou, and you wouldn’t touch it with a
ten -foot pole.
Now similar conditions prevail in the separator
business.
The DE LAYAL is everywhere recognized by cream -
erymen, prominent dairymen and buttermakers as being
by far the best cream separator on the market.
98% of the world’s creamerymen use theDE LAYAL
to the exclusion of every other make. That looks like
pretty conclusive evidence that the men who make the
separation of cream and the making of butter A
BUSINESS, the men who know, are not in any doubt
as to which is the best cream separator.
The makers of inferior separators acknowledge that
the DE LAYAL is the best when they say to you “Our
separator looks like the DE LAYAL” or “it’s just as
good as the DE LAYAL, but we will sell it to you for
a little less money.”
Why do they offer to sell their machines cheaper?
For the very same reason that the makers of oleomar¬
garine sell their product cheaper than butter — because
they COST less to MAKE and are WORTH less.
The DE LAYAL has many imitators but no equal.
There is no substitute for the DE LAYAL any more
than there can be a substitute for butter.
If you need a cream separator, why experiment with
“worth less,” “near” or “just as good” imitations?
You will save yourself time, money and trouble by
getting the genuine DE LAVAL.
For catalog and any desired information write to the
nearest office of THE DE LAYAL SEPARATOR CO.,
165 Broadway, Kew York; 42 East Madison Street, Chi¬
cago; Drumm and Sacramento Streets, San Francisco;
173-177 William Street, Montreal; 14-16 Princess Street,
Winnipeg; 1016 Western Avenue, Seattle.
IANI
no Fan
no Freezing
Year ’Round Portable Power
T stand* up under the hardest
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complicated kind and is on the job
long after they expect an engine to be found running.
With remarkable light weight in either Novo, Jr.;
3 and 5 H. P. capacities, the Novo is
compact, strong, efficient, has few parts; uses the
smallest amount of fuel. The cooling water is in the
jacket around the cylinder; freezing does no harm.
FREE NOVO BOOK
Hildreth Manufacturing Company
C. E. BEMENT. Sec’y and Gen’l Mgr.
116 Willow St., LANSING, MICH.
Get this Genuine Alectride Tool
Barman Supply Co., ICO Banjson St., Dept.3581, Chlcag*
Please send me free and prepaid boolc'ets explaining
your free trial offer of your Alectride Tool Grinder.
Grinder on Free Trial
Name..
Address .
>ne
tivelv ▼a
No letter necessary;
merely send tbe
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mt
Hard Enoueh
to Scratcn
the Diamond
Sharpen your tools at my expense. I want to show you that the ancient grindstone
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I want to send a few of these machines out on Free Trial in every part of the United States. I want
to put one in every locality. I want you to clip off and send the coupon at the upper right hand corner
of this announcement and I will mail at once circulars explaining every detail of the ofier I am making here.
I Don’t Want You to Send Me a Cent of Your Money. I Don’t Want Any Promise
I merely want to place this Genuine Alectride Grinder on you* farm lor a few days. Sharpen you* dull axe, you* dull scythe, your dull com
knives, your dull cold chisels, or hatchet, or any dull tool you have. See how quickly
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10 MACHINES IN 1
1 One Sickle Grinder Wheel (Improved)
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3 One Coarse Grinding Wheel (Improved)
4 One Harman Special Oil Stone (Improved)
5 One Saw Gummer (Improved)
6 One Sickle Holding Attachment
7 One Scythe Stone (New)
8 One Harmon Special Razor Hone (New)
9 One Disc Grinding Atu—tinnent (New)
ID One Tool Rest
8 kJ
THE RURAb NEW'YORKER
January 21
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘-protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
— a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
Feeding for Butter Making.
I am feeding the following kinds of grain :
Wheat middlings, oil meal, Buffalo gluten,
hominy meal, cotton-seed meal and cut corn¬
stalks for roughage. How many pounds of
grain should I feed per day to each cow?
I make butter. Cows weigh about 900
pounds each. Is the ration too narrow?
Connecticut. R. J. B.
As you do not give the amounts of
the different kinds of feeding stuffs
which you are using it is impossible
for me to figure the exact nutritive ratio
of the ration you are feeding at the pres¬
ent time, but assume it to be about as
follows :
Digestible
Garb.
Dry
and
matter.
Protein.
fat.
Feeding stuff.
20 lbs. corn stover. . . .
1 2.00
.34
6.88
2
lbs. wheat middlings.
1.70
.256
1.214
2
lbs. oil meal .
1.82
.586
.97
2
lbs. Buffalo gluten..
1.80
.464
1.398
2
lbs. hominy meal...
1.78
.15
1.41
2
lbs. cotton-seed meal
1.84
.744
.888
21. 2.54 12.76
Nutritive ratio, 1 :5.
You will see that this ration has a
nutritive ratio of 1:5, which is a little
narrower than the standard calls for. As
you only have corn stover for roughage
you must depend almost entirely upon
your grain ration for the production of
milk, which necessitates very heavy feed¬
ing, probably one pound of grain for
every 2Yi or three pounds of milk. This
is a much better rule to follow than so
much per cow, although some cows re¬
quire much more grain than others to
produce the same amount of milk. If
you had some home-grown silage and
Alfalfa or clover you could feed your
cows properly at a much lower cost. The
principal fault with your grain mixture
is that it is very heavy and inclined to
be sticky or clammy in the cows’ mouths.
If you would use wheat bran or dried
brewers’ or distillers’ grains instead of
the middlings it would help to overcome
this trouble and by mixing in about two
pounds of cornmeal or hominy the ration
would be nearer balanced. c. S. G.
Beet Pulp for Succulence.
You speak of dried beet pulp as an ex¬
cellent rood in place of silage or food of
similar nature. I am snort of a succulent
food this Winter ; usually have had a good
supply of mangels, but the dry season cut
the yield last Fall so I am out of them.
Thus I am reduced to hay and grain for
milk production. I am feeding at present
for grain as follows : 300 pounds bran, 200
pounds gluten, 200 pounds cornmeal, mixed,
and I feed from seven to 10 pounds daily
according to individual cows, with hay to
fill out balance of ration, whatever they
will eat clean. At present prices this mix¬
ture costs me 1.3 cents per pound. Can you
give me a better ration without increasing
cost too much? If you can substitute any
other article for it do so. I have a small
herd of six cows and peddle the milk at
six cents, raising the hay and buying the
grain. R. s.
Massachusetts.
As you have no succulent feeding stuff
for your cattle I would advise feeding
a little oil meal — from one to two pounds
per day for each cow, and also dried beet
pulp. It would no doubt pay you to start
with one pound of the dried pulp per
day for each cow and increase gradually
up to five pounds if you find that your
cows increase in their production of milk
enough to pay the extra cost. If you
cannot get the pulp or silage you will
probably have to rely entirely upon the
oil meal. A very good ration to use
would he two pounds cotton-seed meal,
three pounds buckwheat middlings and
five pounds dried beet pulp. This ration
would certainly increase your production
of milk and ought to cost approximately
the same as your present ration. Al¬
ways mix the beet pulp with all the
water it will absorb before mixing it
with your other grain. If you cannot
procure the ingredients of this ration
you could greatly improve the ration
you are using at present by substituting
dry distillers’ grains for the wheat bran.
The dry distillers’ grains are worth at
least 50 per cent more than wheat bran
and cost but $5 per ton more. c. S. G,
Ration Without Roughage.
I would like figures for a balanced ra¬
tion in following feeds or any other econom¬
ical feed to be procured locally : Corn¬
meal, wheat bran, gluten, middlings.
Congers, N. Y. c. a. J.
It will be impossible for me to furnish
you with exact figures for a balanced
ration without knowing what roughage
you have available, as the kinds and
amounts of the different grains which are
proper for a balanced ration depend to a
great extent upon the roughage used. At
the present time we find that the cheap¬
est protein feed can be grown on the
farm in most cases in the form of clover,
Alfalfa and other legumes. If however,
you cannot get one or more of these
feeding stuffs you will have to buy a
large amount of protein, which is the
most expensive nutrient. Cotton-seed
meal, gluten and linseed are the cheapest
sources of concentrated feeding stuffs
carrying a high percentage of protein,
while dried distillers’ grains analyzing
about 23 per cent protein is the cheapest
bulky grain. Compared with wheat bran
dried distillers’ grains contain nearly
twice as much digestible protein at a
cost of about $5 per ton more. Corn
silage is about the cheapest carbonaceous
feed for milk production if available,
but it would probably not pay to build
a silo for three cows. If you will let
me know just what feeding stuffs you
have or can get I will then be able to
give you more specific information.
C. S. G.
Calves with Catarrh.
I have some last Spring calves that seem
thrifty, look well, have been on pasture all
Summer. I notice that they run at the
nose in the morning; when they first get
up they look like a horse with distemper.
The discharge almost fills the nostril, just
looks like discharge from distempered horse.
No cough that I can notice, only a slight
sneezing when first getting up to free the
nostril. What is the cause and what can
1 do for them? f. n. w.
Virginia.
The calves have catarrhal cold, and pos¬
sibly lung worms. See that stable is kept
cool and perfectly ventilated. Sprinkle a
little chloride of lime upon the floor once
daily, and cover lightly with bedding
Nostrils may be syringed out once daily
with a 10 per cent solution of boric acid
if found necessary. Make calves exercise
out of doors every day when weather is
not wet or stormy. a. s. a.
Diseases of Cats.
Can you tell me the cause of a disease of
cats, and whether or not there is any cure
for it? We are overrun with mice and have
secured several cats at different times, but
sooner or later they get this disease and
that would be the finish of them. The
last cat which we lost we raised, and it
was several months old, so it does not
seem to us that it can be anything around
the place that they get. In the beginning
of the disease they act as though they had
been poisoned ; cough, vomit a yellowish
froth which would later turn green ; act
“dopy,” wouldn’t eat any food from the
time they were first taken sick until they
died, which would he within three days
time ; would cry out as if in great pain
if you touched any part of their body ever
so gently. It seems to he a contagious
disease. We have tried it seems nearly
everything, hut can find nothing that wili
give relief or cure. Would there be any
danger of a dog, ferret or other small ani¬
mal contracting this disease from a cat? I
believe many of the farmers are troubled
the same way. They are buying common
cats around here because they are so
scarce. w. c.
New York.
Cats, like dogs, rats and mice, suffer
from “distemper” and it is terribly in¬
fectious to such animals. This may he
the disease present on your place, and it
will be found practically impossible to get
rid of it. Disinfection and whitewashing
after thorough cleansing would be the only
likely method of getting rid of the in¬
fection. In several instances where barn
cats are fed milk warm from the cows
twice a day, tuberculosis contracted from
such milk has been found the cause of
disease and death. Such a cause should be
considered here, and it would be wise to
have the cows tested with tuberculin, if
that has not been done. If the disease
continues a qualified veterinarian shouid
be engaged to make a post mortem exam¬
ination and study of the disease, a. s. a.
Garget.
I have a Jersey cow affected with a phase
©f garget new to me, and would like ''advice.
During the first lactation period she
seemed in perfect condition and did very
well at second calving (three weeks ago),
except that one teat was so obstructed,
apparently at the end, that I could get only
a very line stream. There was some scab
at opening until within a week. I have
used milking tube and have tried leaving
teat plug in between milkings. There has
been scarcely any inflammation, soreness
or swelling, but lately the quarter remains
plump after milking and gives less than a
pint, while the other quarters give over a
quart. There have been no “slugs” in the
milk. In the separator the milk from all
teats shows very gargety, while the milk
from three normal teats is nearly all right.
The only grain ration has been mixed feed,
four quarts daily now. Do you think it
probable that the cow will lose the use of
the affected quarter? h. m. s.
Franklin, N. II.
Most likely the trouble has already gone
so far that the quarter will lose its func¬
tion. Use of the milking tube is about
certain to cause infection and eventual loss
of a quarter. It is almost impossible to
keep from carrying infective matters into
the teat by means of the tube, despite care¬
ful sterilization. At the outset a teat
bistoury should have been used to slit
through the obstacle in four different direc¬
tions. This should he tried now, under the
strictest antiseptic precautions. After the
operation a little milk should be stripped
from the treated teat at frequent intervals,
so as to keep the duct open. At same time
give the udder hot fomentations three times
a day and twice daily rub in a mixture
of equal parts sweet oil and fluid extract
of poke root. a. s. a.
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STAYS SOUND: THAT'S THE BEST OF IT.
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C u RE
?E that
SPAVIN
— or that Curb, Splint, Ringbone
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Sheppard of Richfield, N. J.
writes this about
Kendall’s sSSiLn
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Dept. 50 . Algona, loWa.
LET US TAN
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We make them soft, light, odorless,
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them into coats (for men or women)
robes, rugs or gloves when so ordered.
Y our fur goods will cost you lc-vj than
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Get our illustrated catalog which
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The Crosby Frisian Fur Company,
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mi.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
S3
A PERCHERON MARE AS AN INVEST¬
MENT.
IF. W.j Broome Co., N. Y. — I own a
seven-acre farm and cannot get cultivating
or other work done just when I need it. I
am going to have a horse. If I get a
Percheron mare I can raise a colt and do
my own work at the same time, besides I
can get a good price for Percheron colts.
What must I pay for a good mare (Perch¬
eron) ? What weight would you recom¬
mend? I wish to raise good draft colts.
Are Percheron mares gentle? What do you
think I can get for a good Percheron colt
when I get one? What age should mare
be? Tell me all you can about Percherons.
I have never bred the Percheron
stock, for I deal in carriage stock, about
1,000 pounds, which I find in good de¬
mand. It seems to me that W. W. has
put the question of horse keeping on a
seven-acre farm pretty strong. It means
buying almost all hay and grain, if not
all of it, and unless he could find work
enough in the neighborhood to help pay
her keep, I think it should be cheaper for
him to hire the horse. As to raising a
colt from a mare he is up against a
fair-sized expense. Her service fee will
be from $25 to $100 (live foal) ; then
there will be pasture and grain expense
until the colt is three years old, when
there will be another expense of break-
in" colt, unless he does it himself. I
figure it costs me about $175 to educate
a colt ready for the public or private
market. If W. W. had more land would
say buy a good blocky mare, not over
12 years old, weighing about 1,100
pounds, and cross her on a Percheron
stallion of good conformation, and if
colt did not have good conformation try
another stallion and keep on the same
way until he struck a good cross, then
stick to it. Percheron colts three years
old of good weight, 1200 to 1400 pounds,
well broken and sound, should bring
$200 to $500. 0. W. SHELDON.
Dutchess Co., N. Y.
I can hardly advise this man to buy
a purebred Percheron mare to fill the
place he has for a horse. A good reg¬
istered Percheron mare will cost from
$500 to $1,000, according to size and
conformation, and to bring the best
prices, the horses must be of the heaviest
class. Still if the owner of the seven
weighed over 1060 pounds. I have raised
three colts from her, all from pure draft
stallions. These colts were not unduly
large at birth, the mare always deliver¬
ing them without help. They were all
straight and strong at birth, and seemed
to think that they had the job of filling
up a vacuum in the world, and grew
accordingly, attending strictly to busi¬
ness, while their foolish trotting-bred
neighbors insisted on jumping into a
barbed wire fence or doing some other
stunt to render themselves even more
worthless than they naturally are. The
oldest of these colts weighed 1125 pounds
when he came from the pasture last Fall
at 2J,2 years old. I am now driving
him, and he is very easily handled, but
has plenty of ambition and will make an
ideal farm horse. This horse question
is one of vital importance to New York
State farmers. We need larger horses
than we now have as a rule, but I firmly
believe that we can rais^ a class of
horses better suited to our use than
we can buy from the West. There
is many a dairy farmer with say 100
acres of land, and milking from 12
to 18 cows. Now these men could
raise a few colts and cut down the
dairy a little — just sell a few of the
poorer cows — and they would be sur¬
prised to find that the profit from the
dairy was just as large as ever and the
work a good deal less. At three years
old these half blood colts are worth
around $200, and the money comes all
in a bunch, and the farmer does not
realize that it has taken much effort to
get it. Not every neighborhood has a
good purebred draft stallion, and in an¬
other letter I will tell about certain
methods of getting them.
J. GRANT MORSE.
Madison Co., N. Y.
Pig with Fits.
I have a pig three months old. Sevnal
days ago when I was feeding it, it fell over
and began to kick and squeal, and it
breathes very hard and quick, and is weak
for awhile after it gets over the spAll at
feeding time; then it acts very greedy. 1
feed it plenty of good food, with charcoal,
salt and sulphur before it. Can you tell
me what to do for it, and what these spells
are? G. w.
Pennsylvania.
Indigestion causes the fits or convulsions.
Worms are often the cause of the indiges¬
tion. Make the pig take an abundance of
outdoor exercise every day. Feed milk and
limewater as a sole ration until fits cease.
A physic may be given to start treatment,
and if worms pass, treat for them by giving
turpentine in thin slop of milk at rate of
one teaspoonful once daily for each 80
pounds live weight. Continue for three
days and repeat the following week.
A. S. A.
When you write advertisers mention The
acres thinks that he wants a 1600-pound
mare to do his work and reading he can
probably get one for, say $600. Then
if there is a registered stallion of the
right kind handy he can get her bred for
about $20, and the colt at six months
old ought to be worth something like
$150. I should consider it impracticable
to think of raising the colts up to a
useful age on a seven-acre place, for by
the time the owner had a colt three
years old he would find that he had four
or five horse kind on hand and they
would eat all he could raise on his
farm. If I were in this man’s place I
would buy a good New York State bred
mare of about 1100 or 1200 pounds
weight. The age and price would be
such as I could afford. I should require
that she should be serviceably sound,
have good feet and legs and of rather
blocky build. She certainly should not
be of the “cherry picker” type. Then I
would breed this mare to a purebred
draft stallion, which would not of ne¬
cessity be a Percheron. The Belgian
horse is quite as good and some claim
that they are superior to the Percherons.
The colts from such an union will be
of good size, say from 1200 to 1400
pounds at maturity. They make ideal
farm horses, and finer individuals make
just such ones as the government wants
for artillery horses, etc., and the cities
want for express and delivery horses.
One can get a good mare such as I
have described for around $200, and her
colts will bring about $75 at six months’
old. The lighter mare would be worth
twice as much to use as the heavy draft
mare for the man with only one horse
on a seven-acre farm. The money in¬
vestment would be within the reach of
an ordinary small farmer, while not
every one of this class has $600 to pay
for a horse. It is true that the heavy
colt would be worth $150, but it might
be hard to find a customer for him. On
the other hand it would be much easier
to find some one willing to pay $75 for
the half-blood colt.
I suppose that the above advice will
be adversely criticized by both the breed¬
ers of purebred drafters and the “trot¬
ting hoss” fraternity; but I know what
I am talking about in this matter. At
present I have a little mare that never
R. N.-Y. and you'll got a quick reply and
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Home Office, Box 285, Brown’s Mills-in-the-Pines, N. J.
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THE SURE HATCH
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Uncle Sam never says how a thing ought to be made until he
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Write for catalog. Early chicks pay best
Sure Hatch Incubator Co..
Box 44.
Fremont, Neb.
One Man and His*Son
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406 Main Street Homer City, Pa.
PATENTS START FACTORIES
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THE BUCKEYE INCUBATOR CO., 508 W, Easild Avenue. SprlnflllQld/ohlo,
Builders of Baokeyo Portable Poultry Houses
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125 Egg Incubator If)
and Brooder B<£Sr dill
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i T V
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Ask for 1910 Catalogue.
BOWEN & •WJICK, Mfrt. Auburn. N. Y.
Martin Fertilizers
again, in 1910, far exceed expectations In sales and
crop results. Farmers for 20 or more years using
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time during the winter can add to their incomes.
Write NOW. Mention this paper.
D. B. MARTIN CO., 706 Penn Bldgf., Pittsburg', Pa.
Poultry flic Best Paging
Branch of Farming
The 1911 catalog by Robert H. Essex,
poultry and incubator expert,
will start you right. Improved incu¬
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Some Succeed Where others Fail.
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94 Heu.t St., Buffalo, N. T.
MAKE HENS LAY"I
more eggs; larger, more vigorous chicks;
heavier fowls, by feeding cut bone.
latest model
ITIHnil 0 BONE CUTTER
_ cuts fast, easy, fine ; never clogs.
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SF. W. MANN CO., Box IB, MILFORD, MASS. m
84
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
January 21,
The Henyard.
ARRANGEMENT OF HENHOUSES.
What plan of building is advised where
land slopes downward rather steeply west
and is exposed to the north? I shall be
obliged to fill in considerably to get a
level to have runs on south and face
chicken house south. Can I face house to
east and have runs east (up hill) and get
satisfactory results, or how could I best
arrange under the circumstances, exposure
considered? I prefer an open front house
with scratching shed for Winter.
Connecticut. G. E. c.
I would suggest that you face the houses
as you desire, toward the east, bringing
them around to the southeast as much as is
consistent with the nature of the land. You
could then use a single pen colony house
for the fowls, using cloth curtains on the
front or east side and tight glass windows
on the south side. I would consider it
rather impossible to utilize such a slope of
ground for the construction of a house con¬
taining a series of pens. 0. a. kooers.
BUCKWHEAT FOR POULTRY.
On page 47 a reader in Delaware asks
what he can best do with a supply of
buckwheat. This grain is a good food for
poultry, and the middlings one of the best
milk-producing foods known. The price
of other grains as given are higher than
in other markets, although he does not
give the price of the buckwheat. I pre¬
sume he means buckwheat middlings, as
the shucks — “bran" — are not fit to feed and
of no value as a food. Buckwheat here is
worth a little over a cent per pound, and
all of his prices for other grain are con¬
siderably above that. From my limited
experience among the farmers of his State,
1 am inclined to think that too much corn
is fed to poultry. The climate is much
warmer than in New' York, and a “cooler"
food is required. Also a less fat condi¬
tion of the. hens to make the conditions
less favorable for cholera germs to get
hold. Considering the commercial value
he cannot afford to sell the buckwheat and
buy other grains, for they would cost so
much, that he would be the loser, and
would have the extra labor of transporta¬
tion both ways. Considering the food
value, he will get as much for his money
to feed it unground as ground, and more
than he would if he exchanged it. Con¬
sidering the effect of this grain, he will
have a healthier flock of fowls by feed¬
ing it, and I think will soon see a de¬
cided increase in egg production. Being
black, it is not so readily seen in the
litter, and will last longer as an “exer¬
cise promoter.” It will be found in time,
no need to worry about its being wasted.
Of course, everyone knows that the part
which will bring the most per pound — the
center of the kernel, the flour — is worth
the least for feeding, and he can have some
of it floured and sell it, reserving the
shorts for his cows, feeding them during
the milking period. I would keep enough
of it for fowls, so that 1 could feed at
least one-quarter of the whole grain ration
of it. I would mix oats, buckwheat and
corn for their ground grain, equal parts
and add bran. I would flour and sell
some at retail among my friends, putting
it in 10 and 25-pound sacks, and feed
the middlings or shorts, but would not
let the miller run in the shucks. They
will not injure the stock, if he is not fixed
for keeping them out, but they are worth
much more fob the floor litter. I like
them the best for this purpose of any ma¬
terial I ever used ; they are so dry that
they will absorb a good deal of moisture
before becoming damp. They are so light
and fluffy the grain will sink out of sight
at once, causing the hen a lot of work
to find it without tiring her to move it
around. T regard 1 uekwheat as one of the
best, as well as the cheapest food, for
fowls known. c. e. c.
Poultry is bought by dealers and shipped
mostly to New York City. We are getting
nine cents for chickens, nine cents for
ducks, and 16 cents for turkeys, live weight.
Leipsic, Ohio. ' J. w. p.
The Cuero (Texas) Star says that
Rudolph and Edwin Egg, of Meyesville,
assisted by five hands, drove 966 fine fat
turkeys into town about noon to-day. The
distance of 13 miles between the starting
point and destination was covered in a
day and a half, keeping the caravan out
only one night. ,
The Atchison (Kansas) Globe says:
Henry A. Roeske, a florist of Winsted,
Conn., has solved one problem to his own
satisfaction; he has taught his eiistwhile
erring hens to lay during cold weather
when the demand for eggs is greater than
the supply. This result is accomplished
by putting the chickens in a screened part
of his greenhouse. lie contends that the
sight of flowers, ferns and such fools the
hens into the notion that it is Summer
time, and that they should lay. Moral :
A bouquet will often do the work where a
brickbat falls.
The outlook for the coming season both
in fowls and eggs for hatching was never
better, the demand for high class stock is
greater than the supply and prices are each
year going higher for purebred fowls and
eggs : $25 to $75 are ordinary prices for
breedings birds, and thousands are sold at
these prices each year, while scores are
sold at from $200 to $1,000 for the bpst
specimens of the most popular breeds. The
best eggs for hatching bring 75 cents to $2
each. Such prices were unheard of a few
years back, and I have bred fancy poultry
for more than 20 years. Anyone who will
carry good stock and raise good chicks can
sell them all, with a little advertising, at
prices that will leave a handsome profit.
The barnyard fowl seems doomed, and the
farmer, commuter and everyone who has a
few spare feet are going in for purebred
poultry. Baby chicks are not a paying
proposition, as there is too great risk in
poor hatches which brings the cost up. I
will not try to sell them, as I prefer to
hatch all I can and raise to sell at high
prices. Lots of breeders are now refusing
to sell eggs for hatching, preferring to set
all their eggs and sell the matured fowls
at a profit the eggs would not bring. This
plan is better business for the breeder, as
some of the eggs sold might hatch better
specimens than he hatched and raised him¬
self. I consider baby chicks the least
profitable, and the most troublesome part
of the business. F. m. frescott.
New Jersey.
Lumps ox Hens’ Toes. — I was amused
to read about the lumps on the toes of
H. J. F.’s Leghorns on page 1171. If
II. J. F. would have taken time to inspect
the toes I am sure he would have found
that it was only dirt. I have a friend
who had the same thing some years ago ;
he called my attention to it, and on exami¬
nation we found it was only mud dried
on their toes. The way they received the
lumps was from going from dry brooder
to a wet spot in one corner of the room,
running back and forth and accumulating
dirt and dust on their wet toes. Let H.
J. F. take a pair of pliers or a hammer
and crack the lumps and break them off
as gently as he can. a. b.
College Point, N. Y.
Doubling Up. — On a recent visit to Cor¬
nell Prof. Rice pointed to an engineer’s plan
for utilizing the colony brooder houses in
Winter. These colony houses are the three-
cornered structures shown in “The Busi¬
ness Hen.” They are on runners, and In
Summer are hauled out on the farm to
provide shelter for the little chicks. In
Fall they are hauled back to the college
and used for pullets. For some years they
were used singly, but it finally occurred
to Prof. Itice that they could be doubled
up by connecting two with a large pipe —
like a stove pipe. So now they are put
side by side with the pipe connection.
The pullets pass from one to the other,
thus having scratching shed and feeding
room and a sleeping room and place for
laying.
“Utility.” — Sufficient stress cannot seem
to be laid on the importance of forming
“utility” clubs throughout the States.
While I do not wish to be understood as
believing that there is nothing being done
towards the uplift of the utility hen, I yet
must confess that which has been done
is known only to a few. Many times the
question comes up which is the best laying
hen or the best table bird. The question
is answered as follows : The Plymouth
Rock breeder says, “Why, the Rocks.” The
White Leghorn breeder replies, “My birds
are the best.” The Cochin breeder claims
his to be the best, and so on down the line.
The chances are not very good for picking
out a utility strain under these conditions.
If a straight-bred flock is useless for utll-
ity, then let us have a crossbreed. Here
is* where the utility club comes in. The
most important thing needed is a “Standard
of Utility,” such as is used for fancy fowls.
With such a standard we would soon find
out who’s who. Of the standard I shall
write next time. There are many things
to be put into the standard to make it as it
should be in order to do the most good.
F. ANTHONY KUHN.
While there is lots of rape raised in this
section it is mostly fed to sheep and hogs.
One man told me that he fed lots of it to
cows, but not enough to determine the
questions asked. All were agreed, how¬
ever, that caution should be used in turn¬
ing cows or sheep on to a field of rape on
account of bloat. As such large stock as
cows would trample down and soil as much
as they would eat it would seem the better
way to cut and feed, cutting high enough
so as to allow the sprouts to start again
from the bottom. In this way it could
be fed after milking, which would over¬
come the danger of tainted milk. Rape
has 2.16 per cent of digestible protein,
nearly double that of green corn fodder
and nearly nine per cent carbohydrates, or
about three per cent less than corn, and
while it contains less dry matter it should
compare favorably with corn as a soiling
crop. Some very large yields have been
reported, as high as 27 tons to the acre
at one cutting. As rape will make a good
second grorwth, if cut early, it seems as
though there was no limit to the yields.
Livington Co., N. Y. c. s. hunt.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
Read This Letter.
YV v a net, III.
I bought of your agents, Edminster & Nelson,
Wyanet, Ill., one of your GKAKLESS HAY LOAD¬
ERS this spring. I want to say that 1 put up fifty
acres of heavy hay with it, and did not have one
minute’s trouble; it did the work line, taking up
l all the hay clean with less draft than 1 thought
| possible for a machine doing the work in the heavy
hay it had to handle. No more chains or cog
wheels on a loader for me. I want to say that it is
the finest working tool I ever saw. All of my
neighbors that saw it work were more than pleased
with it. C. A. JOHNSON.
This is only one of the hundreds of
enthusiastic letters that have come to
us from farmers who are using '‘GEAR-
LESS” HAY LOADERS.
The “GEARLESS” is wholly differ¬
ent in construction from any other
loader. It has a lighter draft, loads a
higher load, operates by one man, and
is so simple mechanically that it will
outwear two or more of the compli¬
cated “geared” loaders.
Our Free Booklet will interest you. Write for it.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL .
AND UPWARD
SENT ON TRIAL.
FULLY
GUARANTEED.
=AMERICAN —
SEPARATOR
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily
cleaned, perfect skimming separator for $15.95.
Skims wavn or cold milk. Makes thick or thin
cream. Thousands in use giving splendid satis¬
faction. Different from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity machines. The bowl
is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest
improvements. Our richly illustrated catalog
tells all about it. Our wonderfully low prices on
all sizes and generous terms of trial will astonish
you. We sell direct to user. No agents. Our
guarantee protects you on every American Sepa¬
rator. Western orders filled from Western points.
Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great
offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS,
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.,
BOX 1075
BAINBRIDGE, N. Y.
uifunv Dairymen, Take a Look at the
STRITE GOVERNOR PULLEY
It’s the original and “only
thing for driving cream sep¬
arators with gasoline en¬
gines. Once tried, always
used. TRY ONE. Ask your
rl dealei* for a “STR1TK” or
write us direct. Don’t take
an imitation.
Strife Governor Pulley Co.
r.t '<>»;* 357 South Third Street
StH (ATOfJ Minneapolis, Minn.
JACOBSON
SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING
WATER TANK.
No Freezing No Overheating
No J.nrgc Water Tank
The Agency is available in some sections and
valuable in all.
JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO.
ltl Irvine Street
L-
Warren.Pa.
J
Standard Among Drilling Machine*
The oldest established manufacturers, the largest
line of drilling machines and tools, and 41 years
of successful operation in nearly every country
fn the world, make
American Drilling Machines
Standard the world over.
For every possible condition of earth
and'rock drilling and mineral pros¬
pecting we make a drill espe¬
cially' designed for the re¬
quirement.
Catalog No, 105, the most
complete “drill hole” catalog
ever issued. Free.
The American Well Works
General Office and Works,
Aurora, Ill.
Chicago Office: First Na¬
tional Rank Bldg.
T’HIS sawing rig fills a long felt
want for sawing large timber.
It is simple, durable and the most
practical straight-line sawing rig on the market.
We also make circular saw rigs, saw and shingle mills.
Get our prices on canvas helling, they will surprise you.
f Yrite for full information and prices.
IRELAND MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY,
14 State Street, NORWICH, NEW YORK.
The Ireland
Straight-Line Drag
Sawing Machine
Price $ 1 0 and Up
Earn $10 a day and more, easily,
sawing firewood, lumber, lath, posts,
etc., for yourself and neighbors with a
HertzBer & Zook
Portable Wood Saw
Fully Guaranteed for One Year
The Hertzler & Zook is the cheapest and best
saw you can buy. Direct factory prices— finest
tested materials. Easier than
other saws to operate because
the stick sits low and the
saw draws it on as soon
as you start work. It Is
tie only saw made, sell-
ingat$10, to which a ripp’ng
table can be added. Wri'.e for
circular and save money.
Hertzler & Zook Co.. Box 3
lleileviilo, l'a.
Farmers’ Handy Wagon
at a Low Price
Absolutely the best wagon built for every kind
of heavy teaming. Low steel wheels, wide tires.
Will last a lifetime without repairs.
STEEL WHEELS
for farm wagons
—any size to fit
any axle. Send
for our free
booklet before
you buy a wagon
or a set of wheels.
EMPIREMFG.COm Box 96-W Quincy, III.
GRINDING
MILLS
K# DUPLEX
Thousands in use. Grind ear com,
shelled corn, oats, wheat, barley, rye,
kaffir corn, cotton seed, corn in shucks,
sheaf oats or any kind of grain. The
bagger has a double spout and can bo
THE
DUPLEX
te the only
mill made
with a double
set of burrs.
Easiest running.
Requires 25* less
power and does twice
as much work as any
other mill of equal size.
Especially adapted for gaso¬
line engines. We make 7
sizes. Free catalog.
DUPLEX MILL & MFG. CO., Box229 Springfield, Ohio
Try The
Bull Dog Feed Grinder
tO Day’s Free
You can grind 5000 bu. of cob and corn to
tabic meal with one set of Rollers and Con¬
caves. Damp grain can’t clog it — nails
won’t break it. Has only 2 inch working
leverage which accounts for light running
Get our FREE Catalogue and Samples
CROWN POINT MFG. CO.,
204 E. Road. Crown Point. Ind
Make Your Own Fertilizer
at Small Cost with
WILSON’S PHOSPHATE MILLS
From 1 to 40 H. P. Also Bone
Cutters, hand and power
for the poultrymen; grit
and shell mills, farm reed
mills, family grist mills,
scrap cake mills. Send for
our catalog.
Wilson Bros., Sole Mfrs., Easton, Pa.
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the
PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Dumping Caldron. Empties
its kettloin one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water and
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog
Scalders, Caldrons.etc. J3?“Send
for particulars and ask for cinulan J
D. It. SPEKBY & 00., Bat .via. Ill
lATIi'T ¥ drilling
vi L/Lt Li machines
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or
shallow wells in any kind of soil or rock. Mounted on
wheels oron sills. With enginesor horse powers. Strong
simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them
easily. Send for catalog.
WILLIAMS BROS., Ithaca, N. Y.
Is its Capacity— Earning Power. >
SPENCER HAY PRESS Catalogues make great ;
and definite claims proven by the press in action f
or no sale. Natureof contract protects you. Covers
every claim by actual figures. More tons per hour ;
Write
Right
WOW
1911.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
86
MARKETS
BUTTER
Market in very bad shape, with demand
light and large accumlations of stock on
hand.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 27 .0
Good to Choice . 25 @
Lower Grades . 21
Storage . 19 @
.36
.34
.32
.25
.36
.30
@ 2.35
@ 2.20
® 2.25
@ 2.15
® 3.40
® 3.10
@
@
@
.26
.23
.22
.45
■28*
.26
@ .24
.27
State Dairy, best . 26 @ .27
Common to Good. . . 19 @ .24
Factory . 20 @ .22
Packing Stock . 17 @ .20
CHEESE
Offerings of medium grades are large.
Trade in best full cream is light.
Full Cream, best . 15 @ .17
Common to Good . 12 @ .13
Skims . 05 @ .12
EGGS
Receipts heavy and prices five cents
lower on most grades.
White, good to choice . 34
Mixed Colors, best . 33
Common to Good . 25
Storage . 18
Western, best.., . 34
Under grades . 217
BEANS
Trade in choice Marrow has improved.
Medium and pea dull.
Marrow, bu . 2.30
Medium . 2.16
Pea . 2.10
Yellow Eye . 2.10
Bed Kidney . 3.20
WhiteKidney.... . 3.05
HOPS
A strong demand in all producing sec¬
tions, but most of the stock is now out of
growers’ hands.
Prime to Choice . 24
Common to Good . 20
Pacific Coast . 18
German Crop, 1910 . 43
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 ® .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ ,]5
DRIED FRUITS
Trade in evaporated fruit dull. Quota¬
tions given represent asking price rather
than actual sales.
Apples, evap. fancy . 12 @ 13
Evap., com. to good . 06 @ .11
Sun Dried . 05 @ .07 ]
Chops . 04*® ,049a i
Cores and Skins . 04 ® .04*
Raspberries . 28 @ .30
Cherries . 15 ® .18
FRESH FRUITS
Top grades of apples are higher. Trade
in Western box stock improved.
Apples, Ben Davis, bbl . 2.00 @4.00
King . 3.00 @ 5.00
Greening . . 3.00 @ 5.50
York Imperial . 3.50 ® 6.00
Baldwin . 3.00 @ 4.76
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.75 2.50
Spitz, box . 2.00 ffi 2.50
Rome, box . 1x0 ® 2 25
Wiuesap, box . 1.75 @ 2.50
Gano. box . 1.45 ® 1.76
Baldwin, box . 1.50 @ 2.00
Cranberries—
Cape Cod. bbl . 8.00 @10.00
Long Island, bbl . 8.50 @ *1.00
Jersey, bbl . 7.00 @ 8.00
Pears. Kieffer, bbl . 1.50 @ 3.50
Strawberries, Fla., qt . 50 @ .75
HONEY
Market very dull except on clover comb.
White Clover, lb . .12 ® .16
Buckwheat, lb . 09 @ .10
Extracted, lb . 07 ® .09
VEGETABLES
Potato market improved, sweets dull and
lower. Lettuce poor and selling slowly.
Cabbage lower.
Potatoes— N. Y. State, 180 lbs . 1.37 @ 1.62
Long Island, 180 lbs . 1.50 @ 2.00
Bermuda, bbl . 4.00 ® 5.60
Maine . 1.40 @ 1.76
Sweet, Jersey, bbl . 1.00 @ 2.75
Brussels Sprouts, qt . 07 ® .14
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3 50
Carrots, bbl . 1.00 ® 1.50
Southern, bbl . 1.50 ® 2.50
Cabbage— Danish seed, ton . 8.00 @12.00
Domestic . 6.00 @ 9 00
Red . 30.00 @35.00
Celery, doz . 15 @ .55
Chicory, bbl . 3.25 @ 4.00
Escarol, bbl . 3.00 @ 4.00
Endive. French, lb . 12 @ .13
Kale, bbl . 100 @ 1.12
Kohlrabi, Southern, bbl . 3.00 @ 4.00
Lettuce. *-bbl. bkt . 2.25 @ 3 00
N. O., bbl . 3.00 @ 3.50
Peppers, Southern, bu . 3.00 @ 5.00
Onions, Orange Co., bag . 1.50 @ 2.25
Conn. White, bbl . 2.50 @ 4.00
White pickle, bu . 75 @1.00
Peas. Fla., bu . 3.00 @ 5.00
Romalne. Southern, bbl . 3.00 @ 4.00
8tring Beans, bu . 3.00 @ 4.50
Bpinaeh, bbl . 1 ,50 @ 3.00
Squash, bbl . 1.75 @ 2.25
Tumms, Rutabaga, bbl . 75 @1.10
White, bbl . 1.00 @ 1.75
Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3.00
Egg Plants, Fla., box . 4.00 ® 8.00
Parsnips, bbl . 1.75 @ 2.25
Parsley bbl . 2.00 @ 6.00
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Trade in mushrooms and tomatoes fair.
Cucumbers higher.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 1.50 @ 1.75
Mushrooms, lb . 15 @ .30
Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3io0
Tomatoes, lb . 15 @ .30
LIVE POULTRY
Demand in excess of receipts, and mar¬
ket, especially on fowls very firm.
Turkeys . . © j8
DRESSED POULTRY
Market in good condition on
of medium and top grades.
Turkeys, Fancy .
Common to Good .
Chickens, roasting . ”
Common to Good . .
Fancy broilers, lb .
Fowls .
Capons, best, lb .......
Medium grades .
Small and Slips .
Ducks, Spring .
Geese, spring .
Squabs, doz . .1"".".
Guineas, spring, pair .
.15
@
.16
.16
®
.18
.10
@
.12
.15
9
.16
.13
@
.14
.15
®
.18
all
poultry
.24
@
.25
.18
@
.22
.18
($
.19
@
.16
.25
@
.28
12
@
.16
.24
48
.25
.22
@
.23
.16
@
.20
.15
@
.20
.12
@
.15
2.00
@
4.50
@
1.00
GAME
Weather bad for this line of stock. Bab¬
bits plenty and lower.
Ducks, Canvas, pair . 2.26 @ 3.00
Mallard, pair . 1.00 @ 1.26
Red Head . 1.50 @ 2 A0
Rabbits, pair . 25 @ .30
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Calves and hothouse lambs scarce. Pork
lower.
Calves, good to prime . 14 @ .15
Common . 09 @ .12
Lambs, hothouse, head . 6.00 @11.00
Pork, light . 11*@ .12
Medium to heavy . , . . 09 @ .10
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 @ .17
HAY AND 8T11AW
Market firm on best Timothy and clover.
Other grades dull. Straw trade slow.
Bay. No. 1, ton . 21.00 @ 22.00
No. 2 . 19.00 @ 20.00
No. 3 . 16.00 @ 18.00
Clover Mixed . 14.00 @ 20 00
Clover . : . 12.00 @ 17.00
Wild Hay . 9.00 @ 10.00
Straw, Rye . 10.00 @ 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 @ 9.00
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 24.50 @ 25.00
Standard Middlings . 26.75 @ 28.00
Red Dog . 28.00 ® 28.50
Hominy Chop . 23.00 @ 24.20
Linseed Meal . . 35.00 @ 36.00
Corn Meal . 24.00 @ 26.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers. 100 lbs . 6.30
Oxen and Stags . 4.00
Cows . 2.40
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 8.00
Culls . 4.00
Sheep, 100 lbs . 2 A0
Lambs . 6-30
Hogs . 7.8O
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.24
No. 2, Red . 1.01
Cora, as to quality, bush . 52
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35
Kye . 80
WOOL
Michigan Fleeces, Delaine. unwashed.. .26
Ohio Fine Delaine, unwashed . 25
Idaho Wools . 18
Wyoming Wools . 18
Montana Wools . .22
COTTON.
New York, Middling Upland .
Middling Gulf . . .
New Orleans, Low Middling .
Good Middling .
Liverpool, Low Middling .
Good Middling .
@ 6.70
@ 5.50
@ 4.60
@11.00
@ 7.00
@ 4.60
@ 7.00
@ 8.60
@ ...
@ ...
@ A4
.40
.84
@
@ .27
@ .27
@ .18*
@ .20
@ .23
14.90
16.15
14.50
15.00
15.00
16 00
SHARPLES
Tubular
Cream Separators
Wear a Lifetime
When you buy a Tubular, you buy for life.
Every Tubular is guaranteed forever by
America's oldest and the world’s biggest cream
separator concern. We can make that guaranty
because we know what Tubulars have done for
farmers all over the world, and will do for you.
..The World’s Best. Different from and later
than all others. Double skimming force— skim
twice as clean. No disks or other contraptions
to wear or wash. Our representative in your
town will place a Tubular with you for
a thorough
FREE TRIAL
Can you afford
to pay freight or
risk anything on a
“mail order” or
other (so called)
cheap machine,
the average life of
which is one year?
No— for you can
try aTubular with¬
out one cent
of expense,
and it is far
cheaper to
buy one
Tubular for
life than to
buy cheap
machines
time after
time. Write
for 1911 Cat¬
alogue No.
153,
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, III., San Frauelaro, Cal., Portland, Ora.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.
Larimer Ditching Plow
wfth subsoil attachment. If yon have ditching
to do.this plow will save you more money than
any implement you ha-ve on your farm. Reduce*
cost of digging ditch from one-half to two-,
thirds. Send for descriptive circular.
LARIMER MFG. CO.,
EOLA, (near Chicago.) ELL.
FOR MENDING HARNESS
It takes
a wax •
thread,
feeds
from spool _
does the work of
any harness maker „
machine. It is indis¬
pensable for farmers.
Agents wanted. Sent prepaid
for $1.25. Send at onee for
catalog. STEWART-SKINNER CO.
35 Hermon Street. Worcester. Mass.
shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, car¬
pets, saddles, suit cases, buggy tops,
dash ijoards, or any heavy material.
Stewart* b Automatic!
Awl is the only per¬
fect Sewing
~ L
SOME OF THE REASONS WHY
the
United States Separator
Is the BEST in the World
The United States Separator employs a feeding device to
deliver the whole milk beyond the cream zone — preventing any
remixing of cream and skimmilk and any conflict of currents.
No other device of any other Separator will do this
work so well, as the records show. This device is patent¬
ed, and can be used on no other Separator.
The United States uses non-aligned channels for the cur¬
rents of milk through the separator bowl. This is covered
by strong patents. No discs or other construction can
equal its perfection in separation. It won the world’s
record for skimming, in 50 consecutive runs continuing 30
days, with the milk of ten different breeds of cows.
99i!m> of the creameries use cream gathered from United
States Separators— and are eager for more. Cream from
the United States is smooth and perfect for butter making.
The United States skims cleaner, runs easier, washes
easier and lasts longer than any other separator. Ask the man
who runs one. Ask us for catalogue No. 159 at once.
VERMONT FARM MACHINE GO., BELLOWS FALLS, VERMONT
Distributing warehouses in every dairy section of the U. S. and Canada
groceries
and
separators
Mr..
of West 71st Street,
New York City, sends
us frequent orders for
groceries, although
there are thousands of
grocery stores in his
hometown. Why does
he do it? First, be¬
cause he knows he will
get good groceries;
second, because he
saves money.
We offer you the
same proposition in a
cream separator — a
good machine that will
make money for you —
at a price that means
a saving of half or
more. Send for our
Economy Chief Dairy
Guide for 1 9 1 1 . Prices
$27.90 and up.
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Chicago, Illinois
MONTROSS METAL SHINGLES
Best roofing made for public I mild i Jigs,
residences, barns, etc. Ornamental. Inex¬
pensive. Catalog. Montron V J.
CIDER PRESSES
The Original Mt. Gilead Hydraulic Press
produces more cider from loss
apples than any other and is a
BIG MONEY MAKES. Sizes
10 to 400 barrels daily. Also
cider evaporators, apple-
butter cookers, vinegar
generators, etc.
CATALOGUE FREE.
THE HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. C0.1
137 Lincoln Ave., Mt. Gilead, Ohio, * _
Or Boom 119 L 39 Cortlandt Street. New York. N. Y.
i’ll Save You $50
On a Manure Spreader
~lf You'll Let Me -%
This is just a little ad — but a postal will bring my BI0
Book— and give you my $50.00 Saving Price and Special
Proposition. You can save as much answering this little ad¬
vertisement as if it coveied a page.
My Spreader positively will do better tvocic and last longer
than any Spreader made — no mat- j
ter what the price — so why pay $50 a
more? 40,000 farmers have 1
stamped their O. K. on
my spreadsr and monoy«rf3
saving prlos. My Special
Proposition will Interest you. ^
Just a postal addressed to Gal¬
loway of Waterloo, Iowa, will*
bring you everything postpaid.
Will You Pay m Psnny For
The Poetsl and Save S90.00T
Address Wm. Calloway, Pres.
WM. CALLOWAY CO.
869 Calloway Sta. Waterloo, la.
F r Bight
Paid
Is Your Sod Root-Bound?
Root-bound sods do not produce the
forage that they otherwise would,
neither is the hay tonnage what it
should be. The remedy for this is to
reseed old pastures and meadows with
a disk drill. The proper time to do
this work is when the sod is wet in the
spring from the frost leaving the
ground. Clover is one of the best na¬
tural fertilizers and enrichers of the
soil. Many fanners, therefore use a
mixture of timothy and clover or alsike
and red top. Clovers must have moist¬
ure and this is why it is best to do
the work in the spring. Experience
shows that this work not only increases
the hay yield, but also provides abund¬
ant pasture when pasture is short in
July and August. Do not attempt to
broadcast the seed on sod land. Get
an Empire Disk Drill manufactured by
The American Seeding-Machine Co.,
Incorporated, Richmond, lad. This
drill provides the way to do the work
right by conducting the seed from the
grass seeder through the grain tubes
and placing the seed in rows made
by the disk.s This disking relieves the
sod if root bound. The Empire Drill
will sow all kinds of seed — no seed
too large and no seed so small that
the Empire will fail to sow it right.
Empire Drills are made in many dif¬
ferent styles and sizes — plain and fer¬
tilizer. So no difference what your
seeding conditions may be, or where
you live, you can get an Empire that
will do your work in the best possible
manner. Write the manufacturers for
an Empire catalogue. Then go to your
implement dealer and insist on seeing
an Empire Drill, which is guaranteed
to you in such a way as to protect your
interests.
88
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
January 21,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
During the month of December we
collected through this department 35
accounts for subscribers, amounting to
$706.80 and received for collection 75
accounts amounting to $2,721.38. We
answered 187 inquiries for ratings. From
April first to January first we collected
$9,065.45. For the most part this was for
small items and accounts which had run
for a long time, and practically aban¬
doned. Some of them had been given
up by lawyers as either uncollectable
or too uncertain to justify suit. It is
not so much the amount that we are
concerned about as the principle that
these interests and concerns be made to
understand that they must give the
farmer such consideration as is justly
demanded by other business men. This
is worth the time and energy expended,
though the amount involved would
hardly justify it.
Success Magazine has again changed
management. The late president. Hig¬
gins, who indorsed the Lewis fake
schemes, and incidentally undertook
some frenzied financing on his own ac¬
count, has retired. It will be remem¬
bered that David G. Evans, vice-presi¬
dent, and Samuel Merwin were forced
to retire from the business some months
back under circumstances that strongly
pointed to a division over the Lewis con¬
nection. These gentlemen have now
renewed their connection with the maga¬
zine, and we predict an early severance
of the Lewis ties.
Last week when their agents were work¬
ing in this vicinity I let it he known that
the Franklin Merchandise Company, Chi¬
cago. 111., was criticised in The Rural New-
Yorker, and they skipped up into New York
State. J. C. p.
Pennsylvania.
They made a bad skip if they expect
to escape their past record by moving
into New York State.
We now write to offer you contract guar¬
anteeing you at least $80 for first 30 days’
work, with chance to make more.
Chicago, Ill. globe association.
That is the substance of their tempting
offer. They have made practically the
same offer before; but we have yet to
find anyone who ever got the $80. What
they really do is to give you the privilege
of selling fake membership to your
neighbors. You send them $2 out of
each membership and keep $1 for your¬
self. If you sell 80 and send them $160,
of course you get $80, and that is all
there is to it.
Enclosed you will find a letter from the
Potomac Refining Co., New York City, that’s
trving me. You will note the way the
envelope is addressed “In care Barber Bab¬
cock,” this being my address for a short
period of time four years ago when C. E.
Ellis swindled me out of $60. Seems as
though you could get at these people right
in your own city. w. g.
New Y'ork.
This friend enjoyed the not too en¬
viable distinction of being on the
“sucker list.” We know nothing about
the new concern referred to except what
we infer from the letter furnished. We
do not care to inquire. That they are
using the Ellis “sucker list” is as far as
we care to inquire.
I have today received s. refund of $5.85
on the express charge of $6.65 which you
so kindly took up for me. I return you
my hearty thanks and expression of re¬
newed appreciation of the very excellent
work of the “Publisher’s Desk” of your
very excellent paper. w. c. d.
Connecticut.
This claim represented an overcharge
of nearly nine times the proper charge,
and yet it took several months for an
adjustment, and the grower was not able
at that to secure an adjustment with¬
out reference to The R. N.-Y. The
charge was for expressage on a small
shipment of nursery stock from Virginia
to Connecticut. The complainant is a
man of culture and broad affairs, and
when he fails of redress the ordinary
farmer unused to correspondence may
well feel that his chances of recovery
are hopeless.
* ^
I wish to thank you for pushing up the
Currier Publishing Company in regard to
the dishes I ordered from them. I re¬
ceived the dishes November 3 all correct,
but I certainly give you all the credit for
getting them. E. c. H.
Tennessee.
There are not as many cheap mail
order publications now as there were
some years ago, because the Post Office
Department has restricted their mail
privileges ; but some of them yet survive.
These publications had a fat harvest
some years back through the deceptive
fake and often fraudulent schemes they
worked on readers. The papers were
sent principally as free samples; but
those who patronized the advertisements .
paid dearly enough for their experience.
Through the wholesale censorship of the
Post Office Department the papers of this
class that survived have necessarily se¬
cured a subscription patronage from
year to year on one kind of a scheme or
another, and this complaint grew out of a
premium proposition. Complaints about
publishers we are most reluctant to take
up; and do so only when the interest of
our people seems absolutely to demand it.
Abram G., Oscar A., and Abram S. Stauf¬
fer, prominent residents of Palmyra, Leba¬
non County, Pa., were arrested recently
charged with using the mails to defraud.
The Stauffers are charged with selling in¬
struments to locate hidden wealth, one
of the articles being the “Spanish needle.”
They were sold at from $10 to $15 each,
and' about 1,500 are alleged to have been
sold in the last year. Charges of sending
illegal literature through the mails also
have been made. The first two men are
said to have been doing business under
the names of Prospectors and Miners’
Agency, Ilall & Co., Electric Motor Com¬
pany, Diamond Pug Company, Gem Novel¬
ty Company, Franklin Drug Company,
Smith Remedy Company, and Stauffer &
Co. Abram S. Stauffer is said to have
been interested also in the Miners’ Supply
Company. All were held in $5,000 bail
for court. Their reputations were of the
highest business standing. — Daily Paper.
Readers will remember that we cau¬
tioned them some time back against the
“Spanish needle” humbug. The postal
inspectors are certainly doing some good
work.
The Alabama Electric Service Co.,
Fort Payne, Ala., is in trouble, the pro¬
moter, one E. C. Drew, having been
placed under arrest by Federal authori-.
ties for misuse of the mails.
Louis Conrad, W. M. Bingham and Con¬
rad Lotz, of the Correspondence Institute
of America, were arrested to-day charged
with devising and maintaining a scheme
to defraud by the teaching of an art
course through the mails. The complain¬
ants are Donald McKensi, of Newport, Pa. ;
E. .T. Trojan and W. A. Kucheimer, both
of Chicago. Postal Inspector A. C. Earn-
shaw, of Philadelphia, conducted the in¬
vestigation which led to the issuance of
the warrants. The school has done a thriv¬
ing business teaching cartooning by mail. —
Daily News.
Our people have heard of this con¬
cern before. They threatened libel suit
on The R. N.-Y. because of its explana¬
tion of the scheme. The plan was to in¬
duce people to send a sample drawing
or sketch. Then the student was flat¬
tered and each one led to believe that
he or she was a born genius. The
tuition remittance followed.
Your welcome favor to hand, and many
thanks for the $12 check from the rail¬
road company. In appreciation of same
will enclose renewal for myself, and a list
of trial subscribers. Will try to get more
as 1 have the time ; rest assured 1 will do
all I can for your paper, and keep the
good work going that you are doing for
vour subscribers to-day. I thank you again
for your kindness, aud wish you a merry
Christmas aud a happy New Year. j. s. G.
Florida.
The history of the above case will il¬
lustrate the hopeless prospect of a ship¬
per in efforts to recover for lost goods.
In this case a Florida shipper sent M
crates of cucumbers to a Philadelphia
commission merchant in April, 1908, by
Southern Express Company. The Phila¬
delphia house claimed the shipment had
not reached them and the express com¬
pany claimed it was delivered. The vol¬
ume of correspondence is the size of a
good book. After nearly three years
we have succeeded in getting the money
on the claim. Few farmers would per¬
sist in a correspondence so long, and it
is doubtful if any other class of ship¬
pers would persist for nearly three
years. No one would or could afford
to give the time and energy to it for the
amount involved ; but there is some sat¬
isfaction in knowing that these express
companies do occasionally come to time.
Enclosed find $5, $4 to extend my sub¬
scription and $1 for 10 ten-week trial sub¬
scriptions. I have just received a check
for $152.71 for that gasoline engine that I
returned that was guaranteed, and failed
to make good. Ilad it not been for your
continual “butting in” I would be short
the check at present, and long on an engine
that did not give satisfaction. You seem
to have a disagreeable way of pounding
people who don’t do as they agree to do.
Hoping that your pen may be wielded for
many years to come, with the force it has
been' in the past, and thanking you for the
trouble I have put you to, I remain,
Montana. w. w. c.
This Montana farmer understands
what gives The R. N.-Y. the power to
demand successfully that a guarantee
given to a farmer be made good ; and
that the guarantee means satisfaction to
the farmer on the farm, and not satis¬
faction to the manufacturer in the shop.
He knows that the power comes from
the number of farmers who are ready
to back up the paper in its demands.
The farmer who helps increase the Rural
family is really building up a power to
help himself. j. j. d.
guide to lighter
catalogue is a
The Pianet Jr 1911 illustrated
^ complete guide to lighter farm work, better
|\ crops, and more money. Every farmer and
gardener should possess it as soon as the
mail can bring it. What’s the sense
of drudging when you don’t have to?
Write today, ana let this free book
help you select the labor-saving
implements you need.
S L Allen & Co
Box H07* Phila Pa
No. 1 1 | Planet Jr
, Double- Wheel Hoe,
.has an important
I No. 4 |
Planet Jr
Combined
Hill and
Drill Seeder,
Wheel-Hoe.
Cultivator, and
Plow is a real ne¬
cessity in every good
garden. Can be ad¬
justed in a moment to
sow all garden seeds, hoe,
cultivate, weed, and plow.
Unequaled for lightnegs,
strength and beauty.
an
provement for 1911— a steel.
‘ frame, making it prac¬
tically indestructible.
Adapted to many
kinds of work.
Pays for itself
in a sin¬
gle sea¬
son.
im-J
%
I
I
A HARNESS
THAT OUTLIVES THE
HORSE
Our catalogue accurately illustrates over
75 Styles of harness for all purposes. Prices
are wholesale — saves $10 to $15 on every harness.
Only best oak-tanned leather is used. Every harness
guaranteed for five years Catalogue F free-
King Harness Co., 6 Lake St., Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y
HOG RAISERS
[ Cook hog feed, heat water for scalding at killing
time, render lard and cook scrapple with a
Farmers’ Favorite’ I
Feed Cooker and Boiler|
Handy for any number of uses r
— such as cooking all kinds of
poultry and stock feed, sugar
making, canning, sterilizing
milk cans and preparing spray¬
ing mixtures. Costs little, wears
long. Write for special sale list.
LEWIS MFG. CO.
Box C, Cortland, N. Y. I
Paint Without Oil
Remarkable Discovery That Cuts
Down the Cost of Paint Seventy-
Five Per Cent.
WHITE LEGHORNS
AND
A Tree Trial Package Is Mailed to Every¬
one Who Writes.
A. L. Rice, a prominent manufacturer of
Adams, N. Y., has discovered a process of
making a new kind of paint without the use
of oil. He calls It Powdrpalnt. It comes in the
form of a dry powder ami all that Is required is
cold water to make a paint weather proof, fire
proof and as durable as oil paint. It adheres to
any surface, wood, stone or brick, spreads and
looks like oil paint and costs about one-fourth as
much.
Write to Mr. A. L. Rice, Manuf’r., 408 North
St., Adams, N. Y., and he will send you a free
trial package, also color card and full informa¬
tion showing you how you can save a good many
dollars. Write to-day.
AGENTS 100% PROFIT
Most perfect and valuable Com¬
bination of tools ever invented. Sells
at sight to Farmers, Plumbers,
Machinists. Automobile Owners, in stores and the home.
Made of Drop Forged high grade carbon steel. One agent in
Essex County. N. Y., after a G days’ canvass ordered 100 tools.
His profit $100.00. Big snap for agents. Sample free to workers.
T. THOMAS MFG. CO., 2865 Wayne St., Daytoa, Ohio
FANCY PIGEONS
Unusual opportunity for Country Gentle¬
men and Farmers. Having a large surplus
of very choice birds from prize winning
strains, we will sell the following at $2 each:
Black Tumblers, Blue Magpies,
Almond Tumblers, Black Magpies,
Bald Head Tumblers, Red Magpies,
Blue Bearded Tum'rs, Black Dragoons,
Almond Bearded Tum’rs, Blue Dragoons,
Archangels, Black Fantails.
. . . ADDRESS . . .
FOXLAIR LOFTS, North Creek, N.Y.
Richard A. Hudnut, Owner
tuc PEI ERRATEn Hungarian and English
I tic UCLCDtlrtlCU PARTRIDGES AND PHEASANTS
Wild turkeys, quails, rabbits, deer, etc., for stock¬
ing purposes. Fancy pheasants, peafowl, cranes,
swans, storks, ornamental geese and ducks, foxes,
squirrels, ferrets, and all kinds of birds and ani¬
mals. WENZ & MACKENSEN. Dept. 10, Pheas-
antry aud Game Park, Yardley, Pa.
We will have some
promising April
batched Single Comb
White Leghorn Cock-
PEKIN DUCKS ei-els at $2.00 and $3.00
CIVIH U U U IV O each. gr;lnd early
hatched Barred Hock Cockerels sired by 10 pound
cocks for $3.00 and $5.00 each. Remember our
strain of Imperial Pekin Ducks, Madison Square
Garden Blue Ribbon Winners, is second to none.
Have 1,000 now to select from. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs in any quantity or
day-old chicks and ducklings. AlsoBronze Turkeys
and their eggs for sale. Incubators 10,000 eggs ca¬
pacity. Cyphers agents. Correspondence invited.
Satisfaction guaranteed. The only large successful
plant in the vicinity of Now York City. Bonnie
Brae Poultry Farm, New ltochelle, N. Y.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS
Now is the time to place your order for
HATCHING EGGS and HAY OLD CHICKS
Six hundred and sixty-two acres devoted to the three
breeds. All breeding stock have free range. No orders
too small or too large.
BREEDERS FOR SALE
OWNLANI) FARM’S While and Bull Wyandottes,
Indian Runner Ducks. Famous “Win and Lay”
Strains. All stock subject to approval. Price-List.
0WNLAND FARM. Box 497. South Hammond. New York.
Mt. Pleasant Farr
—A Breeding Establish¬
ment of 250 acres, de¬
voted to developing under ideal conditions the best
S. C. W. LEGHORNS
We solicit inquiries from those in need of new
blood or foundation stock. Spring orders for Eggs
and Chicks now being booked. Splendid Cockerels
cheap during December. MT. PLEASANT FARM,
Box Y, Havre de Grace, Maryland.
R. C. Rhode Island Reds and Indian Runner
n II 0 U Q — Strong, vigorous strains for utility, show
UUuno alld export. All stock sold on approval
SINCLAIR SMITH, 602 Filth Street. Brooklyn, New York.
S. C. Rhode Island Reds at the Horseshoe
Road Poultry Farm batching and a few Cock¬
erels. Write for prices. WM. R. BURKHOLDER.
Box 152, K. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
f)f| EGGS $1.00 — leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
/U try. Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS— Quality
Kind, Famous Lakewood Strain, Young and old
stock for sale: Hatching eggs for early delivery.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington. New Jersey.
G HAY’S SILVER QUILL White Rocks. White
Wyandottes, White Holland Turkeys and
Berkshire Pigs at bargain prices. GROVELAND
STOCK FARM, Box A, Groveland, New York.
COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES— Beauty &utility combined.
Splendid, vigorous Cockerels and Pens mated. Ad¬
dress Ralph Woodward, Box 28, Grafton, Mass.
R. C. B. MIN0RCAS, Cockerels, S1.25 each. Indian
Runner Ducks, $6 trio. Geo. Bowdish, Esperance, N.Y.
rnnn BROWN and White Leghorn Hens; Giant Bronze
JUUU and White Holland Turkeys. Bred for heavy
winter lavers. Numbers to suit. Prices reasonable.
THE AMERICAN POULTRY PLANT, Collins, Ohio
THE FARMER’S FOWL— Rose Comb Reds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
Free Poultry Catalogue
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS MARIETTA PA.
Pure Bred Bronze Turkeys
From Prize-winning Strains. Stamp.
MRS. HARRIET CHUMBLEY, Draper, Va.
LARGE TOULOUSE GEESE, White Wyandotte Cockerels
and White P. Hock Hens and Cockerels for sale.
Prices low for quality. E. Schieber, R. 2, Bucyrus, Ohio,
Indian Runner Ducks'
, — Fawn and White,
i heavy laying strain.
Eggs. $1.50 per 13; $8.00 per 100. F. J. FULLER,
Waterport, Orleans County, New York.
Indian Runner Ducks 7;«”e«-,j
$5 per trio. W. T. EASTON, R. 5, Delaware, Ohio.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y.
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen-
darfor each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greioer, Box 58 , Rheems. Pr
1911
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, January 21, 1911.
FARM TOPICS.
Corn Growing in Illinois . 58
\ Gasoline Hired Man . 59
Lime vs. Barnyard Manure . 59
Killing Out Horseradish . 01
Fertilizing Value of Flat Turnips.... 01
Sumach . 01
Alfalfa a Good Teacher . 02
That Corn Contest . 04
The “Clark” Plan of Grass Culture . 05
Agreement With Farm Superintendent. 65
Farm Factories for Nitrogen . 06
Bringing Up Wet Clay Soil . 66
Lime for Cabbage . 66
Plant Food Values of Feed . 67
Corn Growing in Vermont . 66
Alfalfa After Rye . 67
Concrete Corncrib Floor . 68
Business in Farms . 68 ,
Hope Farm Notes . 70
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Combination Henhouse . 61
Sprouted Oats . 61
Rhode Island Red Poultry . 78
Seeding Rape for .Sheep . 78
Farm Horses for the “North Country” 78
Sex of Guineas . 78
Milk . 79
Milking Machines . 79
Fistula of Milk Duct . . . [ 79
Waterproof Stable Floor . 79
How to Box “Baby Chicks” . 80
The Check and the Bogus Cow . 81
What Corn for the Silo? . 81
Feeding for Butter Making . 82
Beet Pulp for Succulence . 82
Ration Without Roughage . 82
Calves With Catarrh . 82
Diseases of Cats . 82
Garget . 82
A Pereheron Mare as An Investment.. 83
Pig With Fits . 83
The Ilenyard . 84
Arrangement of Henhouses . 84
Buckwheat for Poultry . 84
Lumps on Hens’ Toes . 84
Doubling Up . 84
“Utility” . 84
HORTICULTURE.
Conquest of Brown Rot . 57. 58
Where Government Tries to Regulate
Fruit Production . 58
The Douglas Pear . 59
“The Cull in the Package” . 60, 62
Lime-Sulphur and Oyster-Shell Scale.. 60
Peach Trees for Fillers . 60
Potash for Fruit . 61
Beans in Y’oung Orchard . 62
New York State Fruit Growers’ Asso¬
ciation . 64
Fertilizing an Apple Orchard . 68
The Passion Fruit . 71
The Giant Himalaya Berry . 71
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 74
To Take Raw Eggs . 74
My Way of Making Bread . 75
The Secret of Hospitality . 75
Eggplant, Baked. Tomato Sauce . 75
Wrinkles and Recipes . 76
Apple Sauce Cake . 76
Squash Fritters . 76
Broiled Deviled Tomatoes . 76
Mother’s Vacation . 77
The Rural Patterns . 77
Gems and Muffins . 77
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Consumer's Dollar. — You asked
me some time since what Share of the con¬
sumer's dollar I get for farm produce, as
the question seems to be as yet unsettled.
Nearly everything from our section goes
to the Wyoming Valley, hauled by the pro¬
ducer and sold largely to the consumer,
or to the merchant who supplies the con¬
sumer We are highly favored in this re¬
spect. We sometimes sell to hucksters
who go up the valley ; they now pay at our
door 34 cents a dozen for eggs. 36 cents
a pound for fresh butter. I enclose check
for renewal and for one 10-weeks subscrip¬
tion. This 10 cents is my punishment
for not renewing my paper on time. The
best farmers’ paper published. o. D. T.
Luzerne Co., Pa.
It. N.-Y. — That sort of punishment is a
reward.
juaranteedTrees
it Wholesale Prices
Buy Direct from Us and Save Money!
All stock of High Quality and Genesee
Valley Grown, where Scale is unknown.
12 APPLE TREES, $1.00
1 Y. Transparent, 1 Red Astrachan, 2 Duchess,
2 Baldwin, 2 N. Spy, 2 Tallman Sweet, 2 Wealthy.
Time to Name or Money Back.
Write now for Free Catalogue of Complete Line.
Reilly Bros. Nurseries. 1025 Reilly Rd.. Oansvillc. N. Y.
PURE HONEY
—Amber extracted, $1.60 per
gallon. Comb, 10 lbs., $2.
H. K. LYON. Cranford, N.J.
Bryan's Colic Remedy for Cattle.
will relieve the most obstinate case of colic within
one hour. Price $1.25 per bottle, by mail, in the
United States or Canada.
BRYAN DRUG CO., Chatham, N. J.
For Sale or Exchange-?®^
old JACK, nose and breast mouse color, 15hj hands
high; weighs about 950 lbs. Will sell or exchange
for registered Holstein cattle or registered Shet¬
land pony mares, or Pereheron stallion.
S. H. ROBISON, 814 Walnut St., Philadelphia.
OHELDON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
d Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BAKNKS, Oxford, N. Y.
DUROC-JERSEY PIGS AND SERVICE BOARS of the best
breeding. Pedigree with each one. Price
reasonable. HENRY PATRICK, Rustburg, Va.
Rorlichiro Pifrc at Bargain Prices. A. M-
PCI C rl^O DAVIS, Trooper, Pa.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHKR.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks. $15 per 1UU. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery guaranteed. Satis¬
faction. CAUL W. LLOYD, Mgr,, HILLSIDE,
Westchester County, N. Y.
Lt. Brahmas, White P, Rocks, B. P. Rocks.
Fine Birds. J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.
The Country Storekeeper’s Side of Par¬
cels Post . 59
Finish for Oak Floor . 61
Arch for Boiling Sap . 61
Metal Roofs and Lightning . 67
Express Rates . 67
Editorials . 72
Other People’s Money . 73
Events of the Week . 73
Anti-Parcels Post Petition . 73
Products, Prices and Trade . 81
Markets . 85
Publisher’s Desk . 86
We are having blizzard weather. Have
had some rains of late. Water not so
scarce in wells and reservoirs. Very little
snow, no sleighing now. Wheat. 90 cents ;
oats, 45 cents ; corn, 75 cents ; potatoes,
60 cents. Butter, 34 cents ; eggs, 34 cents,
both scarce. Hay, .816 per ton. Crops
look fair. d, d. s.
Snyder Co., Pa.
THOROUGHBRED Mammoth Bronze Turkeys— heavy bone
and fine plumage. Mrs. Floyd Kirby, Draper, Va
PH TRY~35 Best Breeds. Bred for Laying.
* UULI II I Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. HEA'l’WOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
R. C. B. MINORCAS, Cockerels, $1.25 each. Indian Run¬
ner Ducks, $6 trio. Geo. Bowdish, Esperance, N.Y.
WANTEO-DAY-OLD CHICKS by the hundred.
Spring delivery. 434 63d St., Brooklyn. N. Y.
Ofin Buff and Barred P. Rock and CAD Q A I C
OUU White and Partridge Wyandottes ■ UH wALE
Inspection solicited. Price reasonable. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed. Dr. S. C. Moyer, Lansdale, Pa.
THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY — Best twenty varieties.
,, Eggs, 15, $1:40. $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
pn»* S/ilp— ^*'ite Leghorns (Young’s
* Y1 , . 1 . Strain). Cockerels, trios and eggs
for hatching. L. MOORE, Routel, Ellenville, N.Y.
The potato crop was not very good. Some
of the very early planted turned out well.
Those planted a little later rotted badly on
account of cold, wet weather soon after
planting. It was too dry in August and
September for late potatoes to do much
good. Dealers here paid 50 to 60 cents
per bushel and retailed them out at $1 at
digging time. Hay was a heavy crop ; part
of It was damaged in harvesting and not
salable. Corn good, 40 cents at elevator,
farmers not selling much. n. l. r.
Ccdarville, O.
Potatoes were a big crop in Erie Countv,
but have been rotting badly, caused by
heavy rains following attacks of blight.
Some farmers have to throw away nearly
one-half of their crop, therefore many have
been rushed to market after digging’ keep¬
ing the price down to 50 and 55 cents per
bushel ; sales not very brisk, and buyers
cautious not to get too much poor stock on
hand. Fresh eggs are 45 cents per dozen,
butter 36 cents per pound, dressed hogs
10 to 11 cents. Beef by the quarter seven
or eight cents per pound ; corn a good crop,
many fields running 100 bushels per acre.
Erie Co., N. Y. G. s.
From Mexico. — I have been a reader of
The R. N.-Y. ever since I can remember.
Just at the present time I am particularly
interested in the reports as to the “con¬
sumer’s dollar” and the parcels post. One
of the principal reasons I had for coming
to Mexico to make a home was that here
we get a larger share of the consumer’s
dollar for our produce. Under the wise
administration of good old President Diaz
the common people get a better show
against monopoly than in the United
States. We seldom get more than 20 per
cent reduction from the ultimate selling
price of our products, and many instances
not more than half of that. It revives
old memories of cold fingers to read of
your snow and cold up in that northern
country, while we are gathering corn in
one field and setting tomato plants in an¬
other. and have fresh garden stuff every
day in the year. n. s, a.
Tampico, Mexico.
Baby Chicks 10c Eacbif's TbiSYS?
horn. Can furnish in any number I am booking
orders for early deliveries. Circular free. CHAS. R.
STONE, Baby Chicken Farm, Staatsburg-oa-Hudson, H. Y.
Y17 A NTFn — ^ WO single men to drive team;
" 1 A i-jU jjo milking; must be of good
habits and understand using farm machinery;
steady employment. TRANQUILITY FARMS,
Arthur Danks, Mgr., Allamuchy. N. J.
Eggs, Poultry, Meats, Produce.
Shipments solicited. JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & CO., Com¬
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York.
Boston Produce Co.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. * Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St.,
Boston.
GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,
andHot-honse Products a Specialty. Consignments
solicited. 34 & 36 Little 13th St„ New York*
’S ARMY AUCTION BARGAINS
$ 1 1 4.00 SET ARMY POLE HARNESS $01.85
1 A^S6ArmyUadTemHin«*$17.95£ A=
Amy Saddles $3.00 op
Amy Shelter Tents 1.00 up
Array Unif’ms.newl.25 up,
7-Shot Rifle Carbine 3.50
0!dSide-ArmPistols.50 up
Side-Arm Sword .35 up
SEND POSTAL TO -DAY'
FOR FREE CIRCULAR)
Largest stock t.'oTcrnmcnt Auction Bargains in tho world. IS
acres required for Its storage. StVt.puge catalogue, over 4,000
illustrations of army and nary anetion goods. Regular Military
Encyclopedia. Mailed for 15 cents (stamps). 4
CANNON-*. FLAGS, PISTOLS, RIFLES, 8 FEARS, DRUBS. Its.
FRANCIS BANNERMAN. 501 Broadway. N. Yl
87
Guaranteed for 15 Years —
The Dickelman
Manufacturing Co
62 Gormley St.
FOREST. OHIO A
DICKELMAN EXTRA
Galvanized Metal Roofing
We guarantee it for 15 years, but know it will last twice that long.
We know that our roofing which was put up years ago is still in excellent
condition — and should last 25 years longer. We do not simply tell you or promise
you our roofing will last for 15 years — we guarantee it. Ask your dealer about
DICKELMAN EXTRA. If he doesn’t sell it, write us at once for sample and
our valuable roofing book — sent prepaid. Know why -we can gtutrantee our roofing
for 15 years while others make vague promises that mean nothing.
The secret of the durability of Dickelman Extra lies in the wonderful system
of galvanizing — and the high quality of the materials used. The metal sheet we
use for a base is made by a special process which leaves it tough — yet pliable
and open-grained. So the galvanizing material fills up the "pores” — and actu¬
ally becomes a part of the finished sheet. This prevents it from cracking —
.scaling — wearing or rusting off.
Now for
Sample
Get our book—
and sample, so
you can test it
to know for
yourself its su¬
periority.
No More Roof Expense
When you use Dickelman Extra — your roof troubles are over. Our 15-year guaranty _
Stamped on every roll — and given to you in black and white protects you absolutely. It
simply means that you will have no more roof expense — no more roof troubles — for at
least 15 years after the date you purchase. Most ,
likely you will never have to roof the same building
again.
Plants Require the Same
Foods but in Different
Proportions
Most plants require more
Potash than manures or com¬
plete fertilizers contain. Clover,
Corn, Tobacco, Fruit and Po¬
tatoes, for instance, take up
large amounts of Potash.
We have prepared valuable books on this
all-important subject of fertilizers ; what they
are and how to mix them, filler free.
Potash Pays, whether used to supplement ma¬
nures and commercial fertilizers, by itself, or in a
home-mixed fertilizer. Your dealer can get it for
you, or you can write to us for prices on any quantity
from one bag (200 pounds) up.
GERMAN KALI WORKS, Inc.
Baltimore— Continental Buildinrf Chicago— Monadnock Block
New Orleans — Whitney Central Bank Building
| Be An Independent Buyer Spend One Cent Foi*
This Big FREE Book
A Kaiamazog
Direct to You '
7 K A J> E MARK REGISTERED
-“And Ga.
Stoves, Too”
Oven Thermom¬
eter Makes
Baking Easy
Our Big Free Stove and Range Book gives you our
factory wholesale prices and explains all— saving you
85 to $40 on any famous Kaiamazo. stove or range.
_ including gas stoves. Sold ohly direct to homes.
Over 140.000 satisfied cus¬
tomers in 21,000 towns. Over 400 styles and sizes to select from.
8100.000 bank bond guarantee. We prepay all freight and give you
—30 Days’ Free Trial
—360 Days’ Approval Test
-CASH OR CREDIT
Write a postal tor our book today — any responsible person can
have same credit as your home stores would give you — and you save
fS to $40 cash. No hetter stoves or ranges than the Kalamazoo could
be made — at any price. Prove it, before we keep your money. Be
an independent buyer. Send name for Frrae Catalogue No. $14,
Kalamazoo Stove Company, Mfrs., Kalamazoo, Michigan
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE iu the finest fruit
growing and trucking section in the world;
fertile soil and fine climate; also a beautiful water
front farm with timber. For full particulars ad¬
dress SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury,
Wicomico County, Maryland.
IRH parmo FOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile
IUU I Cl I 111 0 Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS.
DI.EA8E send a trial shipmentto theOldest Com-
1 mission House iu New York. Est. 1838. Butter
Eggs, Poultry. Pork, Calves. Hay. Grain. Beans
Appies. etc. K. H. WU0DWA1W, 302 UisBunioli St., ,\. ).
CAT p — Eighty-three acres— Tweive-
OrlHi-, room house with porch; barn
30 by 40, with annex 16 by 40; new lien house 12 by
30; other outbuildings; fruit. Buildings are in¬
sured for 11,075. Three miles from railroad town.
Will sell to prompt purchaser for $1,200. Terms,
$400 cash, the balance on mortgage. HALL'S
FARM AGENCY, Owego, Tioga County, New York.
Furs are high. A fact which you are all probably ac¬
quainted with. But the question is. Are you getting
highest market value for yours ? Remember we do not
charge any commission; pay all express charges; will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory will return and
pay all charges. Don’t you think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing ? For
further information write for our free price list and
Trappers’ Guide. Make us a trial shipment today.
Abrohams Fur & Wool Co.. Fur Merchants, Seymour, Wis.
Virginia Farms and Homes.
FREE CATALOGUE OF SPLENDID BARGAINS
R. H. CHAFFIN 4k CO,, Inc., Richmond, Va.
MAN ATEE- FLORIDA
Where fortune* are made 00 small farms
J»rgrowin£ Oranges. Grape Fruit and Veg¬
etables.
owint
lands now available. Quick
transportation — low freight rates to Eastern
and Northern markets via S. A; L. Ry. Two
and three crops a year, net $500 to $1500
per acre. Ideal elimate year round — no
X freezes — no extreme heat. Write for illus¬
trated booklet — it's free — address.
J. W. WHITE, Genl Industrial Aft.
■ ■ABOARD AIR LINE RV.
Sj NORFOLK VA. DEPT. A
88
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
January 21, 1911.
grand free millwork catalog
Buy Building Material at 50c on the Dollar
Direct from Our Great Millwork Plant— No Middlemen^
QUALITY, SAFE DELIVERY AND SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
n y
§ s a
Ul>J
"Uncle Sam1
ii Onr
Traveling
Mao
5,000 Bargains Ready
Doors, Windows, Mouldings, Flooring, Frames, Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Roofing— Everything!
We are selling high-grade guaranteed Building Material of every description at 50 cents on the dollar. If
you want to save 50 per cent of the prices demanded by retail dealers, here is your chance. Simply put
your name and address on the coupon and “Uncle Sam” will bring you our Grand Free Catalogs of over
5 000 Bargains— everything required to put up a new building or modernize an old one. Here in our great
new fireproof plant, built of solid concrete, we carry the largest, finest stock of building material in the world.
Build That House or Barn NGW.and Save Money in Big Chunks'
w' mini
To celebrate the completion of our new fireproof plant, we have started a sale that has
startled the country. So great are the price reductions, so vast and varied is the stock,
so wonderful are our new facilities for quick shipment, that the public is simply
paralyzed. If you are ever going to build, if you are ever going to remodel or
repair your house, barn or other buildings, if you are ever going to buy Building
Material, now, now, now is the accepted time — the supreme opportunity to
save big money— to make every dollar go twice as far as before. Such stu-
a pendous bargains, such money-saving offers, such high quality for so little
money, may never, never, never come again. Delay may cost you dearly.
Three
Big Banks Certify
to Our Reliability!
Scott County Savings BanR
Capital 9260,000 Surplus 9 1 60,000
Davenport, Iowa
"1 T
A
Flight
of Stairs
Complete for
9$
kOnr prices save you from $S0 to $125 on stairs.
Over Half a Million Customers!
Solely through our Grand Free Catalogs and the Big Values offered
therein, we have built up a patronage extending from ocean to ocean.
Over half a million satisfied, enthusiastic, loyal customers on our books !
You can’t put your finger on the map of the United States without
locating a Gordon-Van Tine customer! We have been in the Building
Material business since 1865. Our business motto is the Golden Rule.
Every article we ship is guaranteed, and we refund every
penny and pay freight both ways if goods are not absolutely
satisfactory. Three big banks vouch for our reliability. See
our rating in Dun’s and Bradstreet’s Commercial Agencies.
Ask our customers. Get the 3 Big Free Catalogs and see prices.
To Whom it May Concern:
It gives us greut pleasure to testify to the
reliability, business integrity and honesty or
Gordon- vnn Tine Co. Their financial responsi.
bili tv is well ovrr three hundred thousand dollars
($300,000.00), and they enjoy the highest credit
with western Financial Institutions.
Wo assure prospective customers that thoy
aro perfectly secure in sending the money with
their orders, as wo understand that if goods
aro not entirely satisfactory they may be re¬
turned at shippers’ expense and the money
will be promptly refunded. The officers
of this company are well and favorably
known to us, and may bo relied
upon to do exactly ns they agree.
J. H. HASS, Cashier.
I
IWe Ship Promptly. Two
railroad tracks, each with I
double loading platform, ex- 1
tend the entire length of our I
warehouses. No drnyagelf
I
| Hl|]
i.
buys Lumber, Barn Sash and other
necessary material for this barn. See
Plan Book. We sell a tremendous
amount of barn material— every tiling
from foundation to cupola. Our prices
enable you to build burns ora com¬
plete set of farm buildings at a saving
that will astonish you. Send us list
of materials for free estimate or got
our great Book of Plans for Farm
Build ings and see the big saving we
guarantee. Tho barn shown hero is
only one of thousands built from
Gordon-Van Tine materials. Build
that buru NOW and save moueyl
Cl 09 7 builds this 8- room house complete.
Vl,04f We will furnish you all tho Lum¬
ber and Millwork, including plans, for $698.
Plan Book FREE!
(a AT A builds this 7-room house complete. Wo
* * will furnish all Lumber and Millwork,
including plans, for $1,022.
Over 50 Designs for Mouses, Barns,
Cottages, Bungalows, Granaries,
Hog Houses, Poultry Houses, Etc.
This great Plan Book wins out because It
is practical and gives the latest ideas on
farm architecture. Gives complete designs
for fifty Houses, Cottages, Bungalows;
Farm, Dairy and Cattle Barns; Corn Houses,
Granaries, Cattle Sheds, Hog Houses,
Wagon Sheds, Implement Sheds, Cribs,
Automobile Houses, Poultry Houses, etc.
Every building shown Has been actually built at tbe prices stated. The handsome
houses shown at the right-hand side of this page are taken from our Plan Book. Note
the low cost for lumber and millwork! The book is free. Send 10c for postage and mailing.
UNBCR
~ $100 to $300 ^
on Every Carload Shipped!
Ask for our Free Lumber List, which gives cut
prices on Bough and Dressed Lumber, Dimension,
Joists and Timber, Siding, Flooring,
ishing Lumber, Fencing. Ship Lap. Lath, Shingles,
etc., etc. Our yards are connected with ~0
different railroads.
Water-Proof and Fire-Resisting
FLINT-COATED
ROOFING
Per Roll of 108
square feet . .
1- Ply, $1.00
2- Ply, $1.25
3- Ply, $1.50
Another big cut in Roofing! Millions
of feet of Flint-Coated Roofing, made
of genuine Wool Felt, waterproofed
with Asphalt, surfaced with Flint and
Mica— at less than half regular prices,
for quick clearance. Every roll guaran¬
teed 6, 8 or 10 years, according to
weight. Ask for Free Roofing Catalog. - — _ __
Bargains in Mantels Grand MlllWOl'k Sale
How to Remodel Old
Umuaaa at Very Low Cost
IlUiiSGS for Materials
Our Grand Free Millwork Catalog gives
valuable ideas for modernizing old houses
— tells how to add stairs, porches, mantels,
plate rail, etc., etc., at lowest possible cost.
Costs only a few dollars to double the
attractiveness of an old-fashioned house.
Estimates FREE
Send List of Materials Needed
and See What We Can Save You
Our Estimating Department makes no
charge forgiving complete itemized figures
on material for any kind of a building.
Send list of materials wanted, or figure it
out yourself, from our catalog.
ilds this 7-room house complete. Wo
$2614 will furnish all Lumber uud Millwork,
including plans, for $1,057.
Why Pay Two Prices
for Millwork, Lumber, Etc.? ".'“If™!
. , ... f « • • , _ H. _ _ « _ 9%
M flOO builds this beautiful bungalow com-
V*,*»vO plcte. We will furnish all Lumber and
Millwork, including plans, for $868.
Buy from us in any quantity— at wholesale prices — less'than the retail
dealer pays. We undersell everybody because we save you the middle¬
men’s profits. Whether you buy 55 worth or 15.000 worth,; you get our
lowest prices, and our guarantee of quality. Safe delivery and satisfac¬
tion or every dollar refunded.
Beautiful Mantels. Grates
and Fireplace Fittings ah
most given away. You will
be surprised at the small cost.
Grand Free Catalog gives pic¬
tures, prices and descriptions.
Porch Millwork
SLASHED!
Every farm home should
have a porch — an out¬
door living room. But up
a porch at small expense.
See Catalog for prices on
all porch material.
to Celebrate Completion oi Vast New Concrete Warehouses
These special prices are limited to this Grand Millwork Celebration
Sale— to celebrate the completion of our enormous new concrete mill-
work plant. NOW is your opportunity to buy at a tremendous saving!
Send Your Name and Address at Once!
Write Immediately. Use the coupon or write a letter or postal. This
is important. Get possession of the great money-saving, price-cutting
catalogs. Get your name on our Free Mailing List for extra Bulletins as
fast as -they are issued. (47)
Colonial
Porch Column
V
GORDON-VAN TIME CO., 2237 Case St., Davenport, Iowa
GORDON-VAN TINE CO..
2237 Case Street, Davenport, Iowa
Please send the FREE BOOKS checked below to
Name.
Address _
Occupation
Any of following books free. Check the ones you wish.
□ MILLWORK □ ROOFING □ LUMBER
Vol. LXX. No. 4083.
•NEW YORK, JANUARY 28, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
OUR FARMERS’ HORSE COMPANY.
How It Was Formed.
I was busy doing up the work in the dairy house
when I heard a horse neighing loudly at the door. I
went out and saw one of the finest draft colts that
ever came to these parts. He was an imported Bel¬
gian, chestnut in color, with silvery mane and tail,
and although less than three years old he. weighed
1560 pounds. His mane was braided and tied with
red ribbons, and his tail was also tied up with the
same, and he wore a bitting harness of white leather
which trimmed him up in great shape. The young-
man who was leading him was very polite, and said
that Mr. Goodwin, representing the Otto-Hoag Im¬
porting Co., had sent him out to show me the horse,
and that Mr. Goodwin would shortly be on hand to
tell me about him. About this time Mr. Goodwin put
in an appearance with a
livery rig. After intro¬
ducing himself he went
on to explain that he was
organizing a company to
buy the horse, and pur¬
posed that this company
should consist of 12 men,
each to buy one share
at $200, making the price
of the horse $2400. I
suggested that $2400 was
a pretty good price for
a colt, but Mr. Goodwin
explained that in reality
he would not cost us a
cent. We were to give
our notes payable in three
installments, the first
payment to be made
April 1, 1912. In the
meantime the horse
would be kept insured
by the company, and
further if he did not
prove to be a GO per
cent foal-getter he would
be replaced by one that
was.
At this stage of the
conversation, a
book and a fountain pen
came upon the scene.
The little book contained
a contract for the shares
of stock, and stated that
the undersigned agreed
to take a share in the
horse at $200, payable in
a note to be paid as I have said, or in cash at the
option of the subscriber. While I was looking at the
contract Mr. Goodwin kept talking very fast, ex¬
plaining how the horse would be self-paying, and
there was the beautiful horse right before me to prove
it. Then the thought came to me that the horses in
this section certainly do need improving, and why
should I not help to do it, especially as it wasn’t
going to cost anything? The book was right in my
hand and the pen in the other, so it was very easy
to sign the contract, and as soon as I had signed it,
I was relieved of further trouble, for Mr. Goodwin
bade me a hasty good-by and departed with the beau¬
tiful horse.
The next day Mr. Goodwin came back and wanted
me to go with him to show the horse to some other
men, and it was on this trip that I began .to get my
eyes open. As an inducement to others to take a
share in the horse, I began to figure out the profits on
the investment, and it ran about like this, as I figured :
Credit by 30 colts at $20 each, $600. Debit to
keeping horse one year at $1 per day, $365; to inter¬
est on $2400 at six per cent, $144; to bills and ad¬
vertising, $25; balance, $66. So at the end of the
first year, or when the first payment of $800 should
be due, we would have just $66 to pay it with. This
looked very much as if each man would have to go
down into his pocket for $61.17, instead of paying
nothing, as Mr. Goodwin had represented. Since
then I have gone over the figures with men who
know, and they tell me that we will be doing all the
business we should with a three-year-old if we get
30 colts the first year, and further that the manager
of the horse is keeping him for less than he can
really afford to at $1 per day, and finally that if the
horse pays his keep and six per cent on $2400 he
will be doing remarkably well. We did not get any
subscriptions that afternoon. After going ove. he
figures in my mind I am afraid I was not a very
good solicitor.
Several days went by before I heard from Mr.
Goodwin again, when I was called to the ’phone and
asked if I would be at home the next morning, as he
wished to see me. The next morning he came and
said that the subscribers were all secured, and that
we would hold a meeting that afternoon to organize
the company. I thought it very kind of Mr. Goodwin
to hire a livery rig and drive out to tell me this, but
another paper and the fountain pen came into evi¬
dence again.
‘‘Just sign this, Mr. Morse, and I must hurry back
to attend to a little business with one of the members
of the firm who has come to help to organize the
company.”
I took the paper and was confronted with a note
of $2400, which read, ‘‘We, the undersigned, jointly
and severally, agree to pay,” etc. Arid would you
believe it, that note had been signed by 11 men, some
of whom I knew and some that I had never even
heard of! No company had been formed, the sub¬
scribers had not seen each other, but Mr. Goodwin
had taken care to get them each to sign a note that
made them individually liable for the whole amount.
The pen and paper were just as handy this time as
before, but somehow I did not sign the note. I
handed them back to Goodwin and told him I would
see him on the way to Halifax astride the Belgian
colt before I would sign it.
But I had an idea that I was in for it on the
subscription contract, so I went to town early and
called on the district attorney of the county. He
told me that they would certainly hold me for a share
of the stock, but to pay the cash for it and not by
any means sign that $2400 note. There was a time
when it would have been
quite a poser for me to
raise $200 spot cash
without any previous no¬
tice, but as I have been
fairly punctual in meet¬
ing my obligations in the
past, I was able to pro¬
cure the money. Then I
went to the hotel where
the meeting was to be
held and was introduced
to Mr. Axford — a mem¬
ber of the company. He
took me up to his room
and went over the propo¬
sition in his best man¬
ner, but I told him it
was simply useless to ask
me to sign the note and
requested him to drop
my name from the list.
This he refused to do,
stating that I had signed
for the stock with my
eyes open, and that the
whole transaction was
perfectly square and
above board. Then I
asked him if he had any
objections to my giving
a history of the deal
to The Rural New-
Yorker, and he replied
that he was perfectly
willing that I should do
so, but to be very care¬
ful that I did not mis¬
represent anything, as
they were a big company and would not hesitate to
prosecute me if I slandered them. I assured Mr.
Axford that I would be careful to state the facts, and
also that The R. N.-Y. people were rather noted for
stating all the facts. I further asked Mr. Axford if
my lawyer would be allowed to attend the meeting or
to see the contract with the company, and he re¬
fused this request, also saying that if my lawyer
ever saw the contract it would be in court. Then we
went down to the parlor, where we met the other
prospective members of the company to be formed
and Mr. Axford called us to order and proceeded to
organize the company. After the meeting was over
I gave Mr. Axford my check for $200 in payment for
my share in the horse, and of course I am still liable
to assessments on my stock for the keep of the horse,
but I certainly am not liable for the $2400. I have
stated the case at length for the information of others.
Madison Co., N. Y. . j. grant morse.
BELGIAN STALLION OWNED BY A FARMERS’ HORSE COMPANY. Fig. 32.
©o
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
WORKMEN, “ BACK TO THE LAND.”
A leader who has worked a piece of land in order to help
out his earnings in the shop gives this advice to the baek-
to-the-landers. This man has hired land and grown crops
at odd hours.
The thing it all amounts to is this: Start small,
keep out of debt, and hustle. Many would not think
it worth the trouble, many more could not stand the
work, and many more still have families that are a
handicap instead of help in any such venture. About
two-thirds of these would-be farmers are bound to
lose all they put into farming. I think it’s because
the standard of living is too high, but the whole
problem will solve itself in time. We may talk and
talk, but the people will go right on having what they
want, as long as they have the price, regardless. And
if they have not energy enough to want anything,
they will not have anything, for demand does create
supply, whether the demand is for country life, fresh
eggs and real cream on our oatmeal, or a steam-
heated flat and electric lights and the moving picture
shows. °- H- R-
Massachusetts.
MAKING CEMENT TILE AT HOME.
rioase give instructions for making cement tile at home.
Biddeford, Me.
Personally I have had no experience in the manu¬
facture of cement tile, but I have taken some little
pains to look the matter up with a view to purchasing
a machine this coming season. The only experiment
station publication I have been able to find relating
to this subject is Bulletin 55 of the Arizona Station,
which deals chiefly with cement pipe for irrigating
systems, and since much larger pipe are required for
this purpose than for ordinary farm drainage the
data as to costs are not pertinent to our conditions,
although the general details of manufacture are valu¬
able. The following advice is given : The sand
should be selected with great care. It should be
free from clay or dirt and preferably composed of
grains of varying sizes. Roughly speaking, the strong¬
est and densest sand for mortar contains two-thirds
coarse grains and one-third much finer grains. <■ A
cement should be selected which is very finely ground,
rather slow setting and of unquestioned soundness.
The sand and cement should be mixed dry and turned
three times with shovels. Water is then added in
amount sufficient to bring the mortar to a dry con¬
sistency, that is, in such condition as will require
much tamping to cause water to stand on the surface.
The batch should be turned twice or three times and
coned. Labor is cheaper than cement and it is profit¬
able to work the mortar thoroughly. An important
feature in the manufacture of cement pipe is the cur¬
ing. About 24 hours after the pipes are made they
should be sprinkled with water so long as they seem
to absorb it freely. For a week or 10 days there¬
after they should be wetted every day. They should
be cured in the air for an additional week or two
weeks before being laid in the ground.
The moulds used by the Arizona Station would not
be adapted to the making of drain tile because of
their size, although smaller sizes might be obtained.
I have manufacturers’ catalogues at hand illustrating
two types of moulds. One type has an outer and
inner shell equipped with devices so that these shells
can be expanded and contracted. The shells are set
up and the cement mixture, made up dry as above
mentioned, filled into the space between the shells, a
little at a time, each layer being thoroughly tamped
by hand, and the process continues until the mould
is full. Then the outer shell is expanded and care¬
fully lifted off and the inner shell made smaller and
pulled out. The tile of course cannot be handled
much until the cement is set. These moulds are not
very expensive, but their capacity is not large. An¬
other type consists of a machine into which is in¬
serted a mould lined with a flexible inner casing.
Sufficient cement mixture is put into the mould to
make a tile, then a packer is turned up through this
mixture, packing if firmly against the inner casing.
The mould is then opened and the tile still protected
by the inner casing is removed. This casing is left
on the tile for about three hours, when the cement
is hardened enough so that the casing may be removed
without injury to the tile and used again. This cas¬
ing is said to protect the tile from too rapid drying
and insures a perfect tile being made every time if
the cement mixture is made of the right consistency.
These casings are not expensive and enough are pro¬
vided with the machine so that the operator may work
continuously. The makers of this machine claim for
it a capacity of about 600 tile per day when operated
by hand and 1,200 per day when operated by power,
the concrete being prepared for the operator in each
case.
A mixture of one part cement to five parts sand
is recommended for tile up to 8 inches diameter, this
size requiring a one to four mixture. One thousand
three-inch tile are said to require about two barrels
of cement and \l/2 cubic yards of sand. From the
cost of these materials in his locality one can easily
compute the cost of making tile. For our conditions
I am convinced that it will be a good proposition for
us' to make our tile, especially since we need quite
a little help in the Summer and it is quite a prob¬
lem to keep the men employed if there are long
periods of rainy weather. If the claims of the manu¬
facturers are true the making of tile will enable us
to keep the men profitably employed at such times.
Vermont. e. s. brigham.
A NEW YORK OAT CROP.
Fig. 33 shows a picture of a field of oats grown by
It. N. Lewis of Dutchess Co., N. Y. They look like oats,
and Mr. Lewis has this to say about them:
In 1908 this 14-acre field was sown to peas and oats,
no fertilizer. The crop was a failure. In 1909 it was
again sown to oats (no fertilizer) and produced three
small loads. Last year, 1910, it came in my pos¬
session and I thought I would see if I could do as
well as the former manager. The last week jn March
I plowed one-half acre, using a sulky plow turning a
12-inch furrow five inches deep. The day following
it was harrowed with an Acme harrow in the same
direction it was plowed, and the day after it was sown
broadcast with 55 pounds of oats, top-dressing cost¬
ing $1.65. It was then harrowed twice in one direction
with the Acme harrow. The day following it was
sown broadcast with one bushel of 50 pounds of
Clydesdale oats, and harrowed twice across the fur¬
row with the Acme. The soil is sandy loam and
A HUDSON VALLEY OAT CROP. Fig. 33.
gravel. It was a perfect even stand; 1 never saw its
equal. Still I think if I had sown the bushel of seed
on one acre it would have been still better; many of
the heads were 12 inches long. This one-half acre
yielded in bulk twice as much as the 14 acres did last
year, and thrashed out 47 bushels of 42 pounds to
the bushel. I cannot give the date of harvesting, but
it was about a week earlier than my neighbors har¬
vested theirs. R- N. lewis.
Dutchess Co., N. Y.
VETCH IN NEW JERSEY.
I have been reading in The R.N.-Y. of an Indiana man’s
success with Hairy or Sand vetch as a soil restorer.
Would you advise planting in this section of New Jersey?
My land is of a clay body and a stiff top soil. Could I
plant this vetch in corn at the last cultivation? This
would be the middle of July, and then have it to plow
under the next Spring and plant to corn again. I would
like to coin this field two seasons. I have just plowed
under a stiff sod of clover and Timothy and expect to put
30 bushels of lime to the acre. f. t.
Salem Co., N. J.
We have used Winter or Hairy vetch at the New
Jersey Station here for several years, chiefly as a
cover crop, with most excellent results. It is more
hardy than Crimson clover, and is especially adapted
for use in the central and northern portions of New
Jersey, due to its hardiness and its usefulness as a
gatherer of nitrogen. In all of our cornfields last
year we used the following mixture, which was seeded
with a Cahoon seeder just prior to the last cultiva¬
tion of the corn during the latter part of July. The
mixture was as follows: 40 pounds of wheat, 25
pounds of Winter vetch, and secured a most excel¬
lent stand in all the fields. A smaller amount than
this can be satisfactorily used, say 30 pounds of wheat
January 28,
and 15 pounds of vetch per acre, depending of
course upon the cost of the mixture. Two years ago
we used a mixture consisting of 30 pounds of rye,
15 pounds of Winter vetch, six pounds of Crimson
clover, and two ounces of turnip seed, and were able
to plow under in the Spring in all these fields a
most excellent cover crop. The turnips were pulled
and fed as a sort of succulence for the cows in the
Fall, and the remainder plowed under during the
latter part of April, and the field seeded to corn
about May 10. We have always used W inter vetch
with good results as a mixture with rye for use as
forage for the dairy herd; the mixture being 50
pounds of rye, 25 pounds of vetch; the same when
seeded during the month of September can easily
be fed during the first week in May. A more desir¬
able mixture for use as forage would be wheat and
vetch, as the two products mature more evenly, and
make even more palatable forage. It is common prac¬
tice, especial ly in the section F. T. writes from, to
use vetch as a cover crop, and it is possible as he
suggests to grow corn two years in succession on the
same soil by means of a cover crop of this mixture.
It would be well to cover the growing mixture dur¬
ing the Winter months with a light coating of man¬
ure if possible in order to secure a little earlier start
of growth in the Spring, and furthermore if the
application was put on late in* the Fall, very little
food nutrients would escape by leaching at that time.
The expense of the above mixture ranges from $1.25
to $1.50 per acre, but this is well worth while in my
judgment, and is easily restored when one considers
the nitrogen that is accumulated and stored, and like¬
wise values the condition of the soil made possible by
the added humus. On two of our small fields we
cut the rye and vetch for use as green forage, and it
made most excellent feed for the dairy herd, and in
one instance where the rye ripened and was in the
woody stage before being harvested, we cut this for
use as bedding. The vetch can be purchased for ri/2
cents per pound as a rule, and when seeded just
prior to the last cultivation of the corn makes suffi¬
cient growth to withstand the Winter, and is one
of the first plants to start growth in the Spring. Our
experience so far goes to show that it is a most prom¬
ising legume. There is a distinct advantage of seed¬
ing a mixture of rye, vetch and Crimson clover, due
to their variation in hardiness, as vetch has success¬
fully pulled through where the Crimson clover was
winter-killed, while the rye serves as an excellent
support for climbing vetch. F. c. minklek.
“L.L.D.”— LIME, LEGUMES, AND DRAINAGE.
Keep up your articles on lime (stone vs. burnt)
and drainage (by machinery). As to the legumes (to
be specific. Alfalfa) I don’t feel too certain since
reading in Bulletin 125 of Texas Agricultural Ex¬
periment Station, by G. S. Fraps, chemist, the table
given below showing that Alfalfa removes more min¬
eral fertilizer, both potash and phosphorus, from the
farm per acre (and cotton less) than any other
crop : $46.35 worth as against $9.14 of corn and $32.61
for cane, the next nearest. Just think of that! In¬
stead of L. L. D., after a dozen years or so of Alfalfa,
your farm has the degree of L. D. (lame duck). But
you have not told us anything about that! Let’s hear
from you on that point.
Table No. 1. — Plant Food Removed by Crops in rounds
per Acre.
Phosphoric Nitrogen Potash Valua¬
tion
Acid
Per at re.
Coin, 40 bu. corn and cob. .
19
38
T3
89.14
Wheat. 25 bu .
13
29
s
0.77
Oats, 40 bu .
10
05
7
5.77
Cotton, 250 lbs lint .
O.l
0.8
0.
7 .20
Potatoes, Irish. 100 bu . . .
10
20
r.o
( .56
Potatoes, Sweet, 200 bu..
20
28
72
10.84
Alfalfa, 4 tons .
50
183
143
40.35
Sorghum, 3 tons .
29
84
134
25.74
Sugar cane, 20 tons .
15
1 53
44
32.01
Onions, 30,00 lbs .
3 i
72
72
20.21
Rice, 1,900 lbs .
12
23
5
5.39
A part of the nitrogen in Alfalfa comes from the air.
Texas. george w. colles.
R. N.-Y. — Take the figures as they stand. The Al¬
falfa stubble and roots remaining in the soil where it
grew will contain more nitrogen than the cotton
land — after the lint and seed are removed. You do
not give the amount of nitrogen in cotton seed. Our
advice is to feed the Alfalfa on the farm and put
the manure back. If this is done there is little if
any loss of plant food. Practically all the potash and
three-fourths of the phosphoric acid in the Alfalfa
go back to the land in manure. In such event what
does it matter if the Alfalfa does take plant food
from one field and carry it to another? The nimble
dollar beats the sluggish one for investment. Not
only is this so, but the Alfalfa with its long, deep
roots draws a good share of its plant food from
down deep in the subsoil, while most of the other
crops mentioned feed in the surface soil almost en¬
tirely. Thus the Alfalfa helps in another way by
bringing up this reserve of plant food where other
crops can use it. So far as nitrogen is concerned, the
Alfalfa on average soils will take care of itself. You
may sell off the Alfalfa hay and still have a gain in
nitrogen. As for the potash and phosphoric acid, $10
will buy, in the form of chemicals, all of these min¬
erals that the four tons of Alfalfa contain. In fact
$6 worth of these chemicals on soils of good fertility
would keep up the yield if required. Alfalfa with us
is worth $16 per ton. The four tons named will bring
at least $60. Where do you get a better interest on
your investment than by spending an average of $8
in chemicals to get $60 worth of hay? No “lame
duck” about Alfalfa. Besides, Alfalfa is not the only
legume. What about vetch. Crimson clover or cow
peas, which may be grown as “catch” crops and all
plowed under?
1911-.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
FARM HELP FOR KANSAS.
Prospects For Securing Work.
Last Spring, while in- a large city in the State of New
York, I heard of a number of men who claimed to be work¬
ing for Kansas wheat growers who were employing all
classes of inexperienced help to harvest the crop in the
wheat belt, from Kansas northward. They were offering
.$3.50 to $5.50 per day to young men who never did any¬
thing harder than keep books, and were to put them at
manual labor. In some cases I know transportation
charges were advanced. I was personally acquainted with
some who hired out, but since I have never been fortunate
enough to interview them I am unable to find out whether
any money was advanced to these men for securing em¬
ployment or not. I wish to know whether help is really
so scarce in the wheat belt during harvesting time that
every lom, Dick and Harry can secure employment at
such fabulous wages, or is there some scheme to get men
to go and then pay them low wages which one would be
compelled to accept by signing contracts. If men are em¬
ployed there could you tell me where to apply in the
Spring to secure employment, as I intend to go there next
Spring on a visit to friends if I could secure work.
Connecticut. s> A
As to young men coming to get jobs in Kansas and
their being paid exorbitant wages, there is more or
less truth in the statement, but such a condition
applies only to certain circumstances and for a very
limited time. In wheat harvest, which may last for
three or four weeks, and begins from June 10 to 20,
the farmers pay from $2.50 to $4 per day, with board.
Many young men from eastern colleges come here
at that season, and as a rule they make excellent
harvest hands ; but, of course, in the general scramble
for hands a great many quite worthless fellows are
liable to be gathered up
and on arrival here are
found, from one cause
or another, unsuited for
the work. I doubt if
many of the fellows who
are soliciting men in the
East for this work have
any authority to do so
unless it is from rail¬
road companies who de¬
sire the traffic the trans¬
portation of these men
back and forth would
make.
As a matter of fact,
parties wanting work of
any kind in Kansas do
not need to obtain their
information from irre¬
sponsible strangers. The
State has an official, Mr.
Charles Harris, Director
of the State Free Em¬
ployment Bureau at To¬
peka, who has this whole
business in hand, for
which no charge is made,
and those who communi¬
cate with him or transact
their business through
him can be sent directly
and without delay to em¬
ployers who are ready to
set them at once to
work. But employers do not pay any railroad fare,
and the railroads give no reduced rates to anyone.
1 he law fixes the fare in Kansas at two cents per
mile, and there are no rebates and no free passes.
The harvest begins earliest in the southern coun¬
ties of the State, and those who go there at the
beginning and gradually work toward and into Ne¬
braska have employment for several weeks. While
Kansas at harvest time needs many hands and pays
and feeds them well, they are expected to give in re¬
turn a lot of hard and wearisome "work in days that
are long and very warm, and if any fellow in the East
thinks by coming here he will strike a soft snap yield¬
ing a fortune in a single season, to be spent later in
riotous living in an Eastern city, he is likely to be
disappointed. But if he has the right stuff in him an
excursion to the great wheat fields of the Middle West
may prove an invaluable and broadening experience
worth even more than the considerable shekels he
can gather to himself in the meantime. It should be
understood that such wages as are mentioned above
are only paid in harvest, and have no relation to wages
paid at other seasons and for other work.
F. D. COBURN.
grow wheat, corn, oats and hay. I have about 70
acres of sandy soil that is adapted to potato growing.
Nine acres of potatoes last year produced 1,125
bushels. We did not have rain enough when they
were setting. I had three acres of muck ground that
produced 725 bushels, making 1,S50 bushels on 12
acres. I contracted my potatoes early in the season
to haul right from the field to car for 50 cents per
bushel. Last year I raised 1,450 bushels on seven
acres. There is a large muck swamp west of my '
place ; they have it drained and are raising thousands
of bushels of potatoes.
I use medium size potatoes for seed. I treat seed
for scab. I made a tank to hold 15 bushels, made
one end sloping so I can take potatoes out with a
vegetable fork. I use corrosive sublimate and water,
enough to cover potatoes; leave in about two hours;
set a crate on tank and fill with fork. They are left
in crates and hauled to field to plant. We plant with
planter; one man feeds the potatoes in the machine,
which cuts each potato in four pieces, drops them 15
inches apart and covers them. I prefer a clover sod
for potatoes. W e harrow the ground once or twice
before they come up, according to condition of ground.
I used the weeder both ways until quite large, which
is a good tool for potatoes or corn. I cultivate as
often as necessary until tops are full grown. I spray
three or four times with Bordeaux and arsenate of
lead paste. The sprayer covers five rows and three
sprays on each row. We spray for blight and bugs.
Bugs were not bad last year. I use a digger with four
horses, eight or ten men, and load a car in two days.
its value is due, has grown as high as 100 acres of it
in one season, and claims an average gain on all his
soils of 50 per cent. In the Winter of 1907 an ice
gorge covered one of his fields with ice which lay
there for a long time, but the vetch was in no way
harmed. j. H. haynes.
Carroll Co., Ind.
SPRAYING AN INDIANA POTATO FIELD. Fig. 34.
The buildings shown in picture, Fig. 34, belong to
my neighbor across the road, who also grows potatoes.
I like to grow potatoes, but the price has been a
little uncertain for the last two years. I did not keep
account of the cost of production, but am satisfied
with results. T. c. KISER.
DeKalb Co., Ind.
A SHORT POTATO STORY.
My father moved to this country in 1S48. I was
eight months old, and have lived nearly all my life
on this farm. This was a very heavily timbered coun¬
try ; land was then worth $1.25 per acre, now it is
worth $125 per acre. The soil is mostly clay, but
produces well when tiled and handled right. Farmers
TRY A VETCH EXPERIMENT.
That vetch may be well tested we suggest the fol¬
lowing experiment: Let oats be sown on well-pre¬
pared soil in the Spring, and after these are harvested
let the land be well disked so as to have it loose and
moist when the time comes to sow the vetch. In
August or early September drill in 30 or 40 pounds
of vetch seed per acre, the vetch to be left unpastured,
and in the Spring of 1912 plowed under and corn or
potatoes planted. Or if preferred plant corn and then
in August drill in the vetch, which is to be treated as
above. The difficulty is in plowing the cornstalks
under in the Spring. To make this easy they should
be broken to the ground while frozen, and then with
rolling cutter the whole mass can be turned under.
W e intend doing both this year. If only five acres is
used in the experiment a fair test can be had. We
feel safe in saying 100 per cent can be gained in
yields, regardless of soils or previous crops, by con¬
tinuing its use. It has been tested here for five years
on some of the very poorest clay and sand soils, and
on river bottom land, with great yields on all of them.
This was not in small plots, but in fields of 12, 31 and
50 acres each. Mr. Smith, to whom this discovery of
APPLES IN A NEW ENGLAND CELLAR.
Could you advise the writer, who has just started in
with a 400-tree orchard, what the possibilities are, for
the storing of his apples for later selling on his own
premises under the following conditions. I have a barn
40x80, which usually is tilled with hay in the Winter.
Could the cellar he made to store aonles into the freez¬
ing weather, and what care would have to be taken in
reference to the temperature? My man does not live on the
piemises, but about half a mile away. What quantity of
fruit would I have to handle in order to make it profit¬
able for me to invest in the necessary equipment, to keep
a storage for my apple's up into December and January?
Do the apples have to be resorted? How are they stored,
in barrels or in a bin? Is there any covering that could
be put over apples to prevent them from freezing in a
building without heat? Do apples keep better in a bin
or in barrels? L D
New Hampshire.
In relation to the storing and handling of apples
so much depends upon the man behind the apple that
unless one could thoroughly understand the local con¬
ditions perhaps an intelligent answer might be hard
to give. But to take up the questions in order, there
are a number of fruit cellars under barns used by
apple growers here, where apples may be kept the
entire W inter and come out in very good condition
in the Spring, and are especially valuable for the
handling of fruit to be
sold early, viz., before
New Yea r’s. They
should be sheathefl with
matched boards over
head and the walls filled
with concrete or mortar,
the more exposed the
thicker the walls, as a
barn which sits high
above ground has a
colder cellar than where
it is more near the level
of the ground. In re¬
gard to temperature, the
cellar should be opened
cool nights and closed in
all warm weather, and
not allowed to warm up
so as to sweat the fruit.
The temperature should
be kept as near the
freezing point as possi¬
ble. So much depends
upon the quality of tl;e
fruit stored and local
markets that an intelli¬
gent answer is hard to
give. Here very many
windfalls can be stored
and sold later at a profit
both in the Boston and
local markets. Resort¬
ing will depend entirely
on the quality of the
fruit and how soon it is sold. Strictly No. 1 apples
can be kept into January and sold without repacking,
yet as apple picking time is a very busy season the
apples can simply be sorted and then repacked to
good advantage when sold. I prefer barrels for
storing, as the fruit is much more easily handled
when ready to repack or sell, yet they will keep
either way if cellar is fairly moist and cool. I would
much prefer to put in bins in a rush or shortage of
barrels than to turn upon the ground unless they
were to be immediately packed. I would cover es¬
pecially if in bins, and cover with anything which
will keep out the cold. Of course apples should be
covered so as to be kept clean whatever other cov¬
ering may later be used. If the air is very dry
apples shrink more in bins than barrels, and being
more exposed to the air do not always come out as
bright as in clean barrels. Although a fruit cellar
of this kind may not be the best that can be built,
yet if lighted well enough to wrork in and only at
those times, or kept dark when not used, I think it
would be a paying investment when one had 400 bear¬
ing trees or even less. If a good packing room can
be included this would also be an improvement, yet
these are matters for each individual to decide for
himself. Of course the way a man wishes to handle
the selling of his fruit, whether right from the trees,
or later when he has more time to handle it and per¬
haps a better market, is the controlling factor in
deciding how much he can afford to invest in storage
facilities. h. o. mead.
Massachusetts.
eu
January 28,
FARMERS’ CLUB
{ Every Query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]
FARMS IN THE BASHFUL STATE.
All the big farm enterprises are “out
West,” are they? They do some little
business at Fillmore Farms, in Vermont,
as this statement shows :
“We usually raise from 600 to 800
tons of silage corn and have always
had very good success with it. All pro¬
ducts of our place, which is a large one,
we try to have fed out on it, and are
carrying now quite a large stock, num¬
bering about 700 sheep, 150 horned
cattle and 30 horses. Our specialty is
the Dorset sheep and so-called “hot¬
house” lamb. We usually grow several
thousand bushels of oats; this oast year
made an average of 52.3 bushels per
acre.” c. c. .tones.
Interplanting Apples.
THE 1-? I J HAL NEW-YORKER
SOY BEANS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
After reading considerable in the farm
papers about Soy beans 1 grew inter¬
ested and decided to give them a trial,
so sent to one of the leading Philadel¬
phia seedsmen for a packet each of
llollybrook Early and Mammoth Yel¬
low, which I sowed in rows about three
feet apart May 20. On account of poor
seed 3nd cool wet weather the latter did
not come up very good and made a
poor stand, but what was there made a
large growth, but was a little too late
to ripen seed. It also made a spreading
growth, and was blown down sooner
than the early variety, but for green
feeding it would be fine. 1 would con¬
sider it too coarse in the stalk to cut
for hay unless it would grow more slim
in the stem if it was sown thicker.
Some of the stems had grown to nearly
an inch in thickness. The Hollybrook
Early came up well and the plant was
more of an upright grower, some of
the plants having a main stem with a
number of short branches which were
well loaded with well-fitted pods.
Others had more of a spreading habit
and had very few pods. The seed was
well ripened before the first hard frost,
but we did not have early frosts last
Fall. 1 am now saving seed from the
plants having an upright growth, which
1 will sow this year to grow seed for
a crop in 1612. 1 think if we can grow
a variety of an upright growth and one
that stands up well, we can cut it and
tie it in bundles with a grain binder.
Many of the stalks were four feet long.
According to the yield of this row of
Hollybrook Early it would have yielded
about 3-1 bushels to the acre. It seems
to me that some varieties of Soy beans
could be greatly improved by selection.
The green plants are greatly relished
by cattle and hogs, and the poultry are
very fond of the ripe beans, and they
soon get busy when a few stalks are
thrown into their pen. J. H. K.
Lancaster Co., Pa.
Field for Potatoes.
J. W. M., Windham, O.— Will you advise
me as to which of the two following fields
is best adapted to raising potatoes? One
was in oats last year; oats stubble was
disked and sowed in rye this Fall. The
other field is an old Timothy meadow. Both
have same kind of soil. I expect to plow
rye under next Spring and plant one field
in potatoes and other in corn.
Ans. — Without knowing more about
it we should put potatoes where the rye
is now growing. Plow early and crush
the rye down hard with a roller, and
put the potato seed right down in the
decaying rye. Our chief objection to
the old meadow is the fact that such
fields arc quite sure to be full of white
grubs. They will do more damage to
the potatoes than to the corn. ‘
Protecting Trees From Rabbits.
Is there anything we can use to protect
our trees in a country where the snow is
very deep and the rabbits run on top of it?
Ans. — Rabbits are very plentiful
around my orchard, yet I have never
had any trees damaged by them. If in¬
quirer can get plenty of animal blood
from some slaughtering establishment
and give the trees a thorough applica¬
tion of it on trunks and lower limbs I
am sure it would prevent any further
damage. I think a strong solution of
lime and sulphur would do the same.
Veneer tree protectors are best; tread
the snow down around the trees, and
leave the protectors on during Summer
to prevent sunscald on the bark of the
young trees. a. a. halladay.
Vermont.
Lime-sulphur may be used, but is not
proof against rain or heavy snows.
There is no danger in using a very
strong solution of the commercial prod¬
uct, and 1 have used the stock solution
without any injury to the trees. I con¬
sider it an efficient protection against
rabbits. Frederick cranefield.
Wisconsin.
A coat of lime-sulphur, about one to
nine, will keep the rabbits from eating
the branches of apple trees. Of course
the application must he thorough ; it
must cover the branches all around.
Wisconsin. c. vollenweider.
Peas and Oats for Grain.
Is it profitable to sow peas with oats
when grown for grain? Grain to be ground
and fed to cows and horses, and straw to
be used for fodder and bedding. Would
you sow oats and peas together or plow
peas under? H. o.
New York.
We should certainly add Canada peas
to the oats. They will add to the value of
either hay or grain, and leave the soil bet¬
ter. Scatter the peas first and plow or
disk them under. Then drill in the oats
or broadcast and harrow in.
REASONS WHY
BLANCHARD’S
BRAND’*
Spraying
ateriais
ARE THE BEST
/•’. Q., Winchester, T’o. — I have a 10-acre
orchard of Yellow Transparent, Red Astra-
chan and Wealthy trees three years planted.
Trees are set 33x33 feet. 1 am thinking,
of interplanting on the hexagonal plan
next Fall with Rome Beauty, Stayman and
King David. Would you so advise? Land
here is limited.
Ans. — It might he a good plan to in¬
terplant the varieties mentioned, for they
are very good ones, and the trees will
not overbear and die early as will those
already in the orchard, except the Red
Astrachan, which makes a durable tree.
Resides, the Rome Beauty, Stayman
and King David are Winter apples and
are therefore more valuable commer¬
cially. They all succeed in Virginia.
The main trouble will be, as I see it,
that the young trees will not he likely
to flourish as they should among the
older ones, supposing that the latter are
of bearing age. If they were only re¬
cently planted the young trees will have
an equal chance with them.
H. E. VAN DEM AN.
BECAUSE BlB,Kha,d is tl,e OLDEST manufacturer of
BECAUSE B,*,,c,wrd ** tl,e LARGEST manufacturer of
agricultural sprays in the world.
Blanchard i* the LARGEST in
agricultural 8pra\*in the world,
m chard is the only firm whose.
•sk is manufacturing sprays and iusscticldes.
BECAUSE B*a,,c*,ard l*10 manufacturer of a COM-
BECAUSE liifilirljanl i* the only firm whose exclusive bua-
PLETE LINE of agricultural spr«.v
nrp Alice Msnehftrd’s are the moat PERFECTLY
DCuAUor. EQUIPPED factories In the world.
DCPAIICC Blanchard uses his own improved processes
□ LuAUOL and makes nothin* huUnaeritchles and sprays.
SOME BLANCHARD PRODUCTS
LION BRAND Lime-Sulphur LION BRAND Kerosene
Solution Emulsion
LION BRAND Bordeaux Mixture LION BRAND Whale Oil Soap
LION BRAND Pure Paris Green LION BRAND Insect Powder
LION BRAND Arsenate of Lead LION BRAND Powdered Tobacco
Every successful grower knows lie must sprav to have
an orchard constantly increasing in value and earning
THE JAMES A. BLANCHARD CO.,
522 Hudson Terminal, 100 Broad St.,
New York St. Joseph. Mich.
NURSERY STOCK IN BARGAIN LOTS,
bargain lots. Order one or more lots, as may be desired. These lots are all nice, clean stock, true
to name and free from disease. Write for descriptive price list. * * * *
NO. 1, FOR $6.00
100 Elberta Beach, 2 to 3 feet. 1 yr. from bud
10 Jonathan Apple, 1 year 2 to 3 feet
NO. 5, FOR $10.00
100 Apple, select, 1 year, 3 to four feet
10 Spitzenberg 30 Winesap 10 Rome Beauty
20 Winter Banana 30 Jonathan
NO. 6, FOR $16.00
100 Cherry, 2 year from bud, 5 to 0 feet
80 Early Richmond 10 Montmorency
10 Dyehouse
NO. 4, FOR $8.00
100 Apple, 2 to 3 feet, first-class, one year
40 Jonathan 40 Rome Beauty 20 Winesap
NO. 7, FOR $15.00
50 Kieffer Pear, 4] to 6 feet, first-class 50 Early Richmond, 2 year, 4 to G feet
. . . ORDER AXY OF THE ABOVE BY NUMBER . . .
•NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
Big Money Is Made Growing Peaches for Market
A six-year-old Peach Orchard !n Palisade. Colorado, sold for f24.630.50 cash. Peaches was the only
produce raised and sold from the land. When six acres bring this amount of money it proves that grow¬
ing Peaches is immensely profitable when rightly conducted. East of the Mississippi River nearly every
farm has slopes which face the north and cast — with natural Peach Soil. Learn what varieties thrive on your
land, enemies to avoid, care of the trees, and a big crop of choice fruit is almost a certainty. Carefully
marketed, fancy Peaches sell for more than oranges, and land for Peaches costs less.
We Tell You HOW to Grow Peaches RIGHT
Our big orchards make us lots of money. Some of our bearing trees are twenty-five years old. with no
sign of yellows. Six million fine young Peach Trees arc now growing in our nurseries. Would you plant
some tliis spring, if we show you how to make them succeed? If you will, send for our unusual catalogue
for igxi NOW. Veteran growers and lieginners will find it invaluable. It’sy rree, but tell us how many
trees you need. Write Now. The book also tells about Apples, Pears, Grapes, Strawberries, etc.
Orlando Harrison, Private Desk 15, HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Berlin, Maryland
sat
FRUIT TREES
CHKItKY TREES $8.00 PER 100 ANI> I P
no rash promises. Send for it today. H.
A complete line Apple. Pear, Plum, Peach and Small Fruits
Readers of this paper are familiar with the values
we have offered thru its columns for over a quarter
of a century. Our new catalog is ready, it makes
S. WILEY & SON, Drawer 122, Cayuga, New York.
Over half a century of fair dealing has given our products that
... - ■ - -- of l
prominence which merit deserves. Everything of the best for
Orchard, Vineyard, Lawn, Park,
Street, Garden and Greenhouse
Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Roses, Shrubs, Small Trees, Etc.
by mail postpaid— safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. For these
send for Catalog No. 2. 168 pages. Hundred.! of carloads of Fruit
and Ornamental Trees, Evergreens, Shrubs, Hardy Roses, etc.
Catalog No. 1 for these, 112 pages. Both FREE. Immense stock of
SUPERB CANNAS, the queen of bedding plants. Acres of Poeonias
and other Hardy Perennials. Direct deal will insure you the
best and save you money. 57 years. 44 greenhouses. 1,200 acres.
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Box 157. Painesvllle, O.
FRUIT TREES
and
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.
FRUIT, SHADE and ORNAMENTAL
TREES, SHRUBS and ROSES
Large J
a Full Line of the BEST Spray Bumps, and
Spray Material. Prices Low and Satisfac¬
tion Guaranteed. We Deal Direct with
our Customers. Write for Price List.
CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, Ohio.
Save MONEYonTrees
PIONEER
SaS
by ordering direct from the nursery. We can
save you the agent's commission and sell you
high grade trees, plants and vines at prices
usually charged for a lower grade stock.
Write no%v for our valuable Free book.
We groiv our enon stock and guarantee it.
AM. EX L. WOOD, Wood lawn Nurseries
568 fill ver Road Rochester, N. Y
Fruit Trees at $6.48 lor 100
YiE GROW THK TREKS WE SELL, which
are the best known for garden and or¬
chard. Fresh dug, true to name, no scule,
no risk. Personal attention given each
order. Send us a list of your wants for
wholesale prices. Everybody write for
free illustrated catalogue.
2 APPLE TREES. 1 McIntosh and 1
lianana, sent postpaid for 25 cents.
Maloney Bros. & Wells, Box 13 Dansville, N. Y.
450.000
liOU 1 Hriettcs. Also Grnpc. Small Fruit., etc. Best
rooted stock. Genuine, cheap. sample currants mailed for lOo.
Catalog free. LEWIS ItOKSCH A SON, Box k , Krcdonla, N. V.
UDlllT TDUEC Pears, Bartlett, Seckel and others.
rltUIl Hitt' Cherric. and I’liim*. all standard
varieties. Peaches grown from buds from bearing
stork. Get wholesale prices direct from us ; also $1 Lot
Offers. Free Catalog. Prize Hampshire sheep. Write
W. P. RUPERT Ac SON, Boa 20, Seneca, N. Y.
SCARFF’S
GOOD SEED CORN
CLOVER TIMOTHY TiS Si!
for terms. PERRY NURS
TO SELL TREES AND PLANTS ERIES, Rochester, N. Y
TREES
CATALOG FREE
-150 ACRES. Genesee Valley
grown. ''Not the cheapest, hut
tiie best." Never have had San
Jose Scale, tistablisliiti 1869.
GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
20 Maple St., Dansville, N. Y.
capacity.
It’s simply a question whose spraying materials to use.
Those who' know will have none but BLANCHARD'S
LION BRAND, because of their scientific formulas,
perfection in manufacture, and dependable uniformity
in quality and effectiveness. Buy from your local dealer
or write to us and refuse to allow any one to substitute
any other brand.
LION BRAND PRODUCTS ARE GUARANTEED UNDER THE
INSECTICIDE ACT OF 1910 BY
CRCC RflfiKI FT "When. How and Why to Spray,” ie
rnt-E ouva1-1-1 with interesting and valuable spraying
information. Send your address for a Fntlj Cor.Y,
Black's Peach Trees-191 1
Peach Trees are one of our specialties — we
1
dircct.saving middleman's profits., » ■ i ,
New booklet, "Springtime and ,31113016
'raaflMr1' Harvest for the Fruit-grower," free, jj . « ■
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co. DOOKlGT
BoxV^HightstowiuNcwJlerscj^ j- pj-gg
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
CELERY CITY NURSERIES. DeskS, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Peach and Apple Trees
For fall or spring planting. Prices right; tock
right. MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.
Hardy Highland Nursery Stock
Acclimated to Northern climate Always true to
label. No scale ever found in our Nursery. Send
for catalog. L.M.KMPIK, Box A. Johnstown. NY.
Fruit Trees From the Grower.
Save middlemen's expense and get them
fresh dug. Catalog free.
NURSERYMAN, DANSVILLE. N Y.
WM. J. REILLY,
CATALPA
SPECIOSA
TREES
Mine are true to name. Write for Free booklet which tells
all about the iso acres I am growing for telephone pol*'s.
H. C. ROGERS, Box 11, Mechanicsburo, Ohio.
FOR ALL KINDS OF
CLOVER and FIELD
SEEDS also HARDEN,
FLOWER SEEDS
and Implements
Write to this Old Reliable
House— Catalogue Free
and Field Seed Price List
mailed you on application.
THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEED AN0 IMPLEMENT CO. .Toledo, 0.
We sold over 11,000 bushels of it last year, and we ex¬
pect to double it this year. Your money bask if corn is
not satisfactory, lti ilara to teat it. Can send either
shelled or in the ear. Also choice lot of seed oats, barley,
speltz, timothy and potatoes. We cannot tell you more
about it here, but our catalog is free. Send for it to-day.
W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio
Cheapest mid Best See din tr Known
Alsike, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully A Al-
sike, a great bargain. Most wonderful bay and pas¬
ture combination that grows. Write for Free Sam¬
ple and our large 7(i-page catalog describing this
wonderful grass mixture. Far ahead of anything
you can sow and ridiculously cheap. Be convinced.
A. A. Berry Seed <Jo., Boxoso Cltiriuda, lotvn*
Fresh Dug’ Nursery Stock.
A complete assortment of the finest Genesee Valley
Grown Fruit Trees, etc, Stock guaranteed, price
' ish\ntXm.r f'“ L w- H»Ll *C0.. Rochester. #.Y.
SALESMEN WANTED
191 1
The rural new-yorker
A TALK ON CORN BREEDING.
il. P. D Stoopi'illc, Pa. — I would like
your opinion in regard to the causes of
a marked prevalence of barren cornstalks
in our corn in the last two years. I first
grew this variety in 1904, resembling “White
Gourd,” or “Double A. Bristol,” and it grad¬
ually improved in quantity and quality per
acre until 1908, when I estimated crop at
60 bushels per acre, it has been my aim,
through seed plot selection and partly
through field selection, to improve this
variety. In 1908, probably not more than
five per cent, of barren stalks prevailed, in
1909, perhaps 15 per cent., and in loio,
very likely 20 per cent. The two last years
have been very dry during tasseling and
ear production, aud did not reach more than
35 or 40 bushels per acre, grown on rather
high rolling ground, such as the Hope Farm
man speaks of in his disappointment in too
frequent cultivation. Notwithstanding the
crop of 1910 being poor (aud our seed plot
"nearly a complete failure), I found some
very finely developed Individual stalks and
ears throughout the field. Would it be ad¬
visable to plant from these, grown among
this large percentage of barren stalks, and
by so doing, should I lose what has been
gained during preceding years?
There are many factors caus¬
ing barrenness in corn, plants, such as
lack of development from poverty of
soil, too close planting, the attacks of
insects, particularly the destruction of
the young silks before pollination by
the larvae of the boll-worm moth, par¬
tial self-sterility of the variety, and last
but most likely in this instance, the
stunting effect of drought, especially at
blooming time. Hot, dry winds at this
season have a notoriously evil influence
on the tender, unfertilized silks, young
anthers and even on the pollen grains
themselves. Indeed, the desiccating ef¬
fects of hot, dry air on the silks and
tassels at this most critical period of
crop development is the greatest ob¬
stacle to profitable maize culture in
arid regions, even when abundant irri¬
gation to maintain soil moisture is
available. In this instance the droughty
weather that prevailed throughout prac¬
tically the whole growing season would
appear quite sufficient explanation of
the unsatisfactory yields, though the
possibility of lessened vitality from too
close breeding in the seed plots should
be borne in mind. In seed plot cultures
it is usual to de-tassel all weak or ap¬
parently barren stalks before their pol¬
len is shed, and thus the progeny is con¬
fined to a reduced number of indi¬
viduals, including those most precocious
in ear development. This narrow se¬
lection, without doubt, makes for in¬
creasing productiveness under favorable
conditions, but if too diligently fol¬
lowed occasionally leads to partial self-
sterility in the resulting strain. The
maize plant largely depends on cross¬
pollination for permanent vigor, and if
too many of the seed kernels result
from self or close-pollination, as may
be the case in seed-plot selection, there
may be progressive self-sterility. Con¬
sidering all the circumstances of the
above case, however, we should have
little fear in using the well-developed
ears found in the field crop for seed
next year. W hile some of the kernels
may have been pollinated from stalks
producing no ears, it may well chance
that these plants were merely checked
in development by lack of moisture.
There is little fear of losing, in a nor¬
mal growing year, all or even much that
has been gained by past close selec¬
tion, but it would be a wise precaution
to also plant as a check some seeds of
the same variety grown elsewhere, if
they can be procured. This might
prove a useful comparison. w. v. f.
LARGE AND SMALL POTATO SEED.
I wish to say a few words in refer¬
ence to the closing sentence of the
item on page 1136 regarding an English
contest in which gardeners compete in j
an effort to obtain the largest possible '
yield of potatoes from a single pound
of seed. The item closes with the state¬
ment : “These Englishmen conclude
that these results show that big
seed pieces are not necessary.”
I have for years been advocating the
use of large seed pieces and practicing
the same to the extent of planting whole
large tubers. Yet I willingly admit the
conclusion the Englishmen arrived at is
a right one. But at the same time I
believe such experiments as these that
led to the conclusion quoted are prac¬
tically valueless, and the conclusion re¬
sulting, however correct, is in its gen¬
eral application, extremely misleading.
Large seed pieces are not necessary to
large yields. But it should be remem¬
bered that small seed pieces are not
contributing factors to large yields,
while large seed pieces may be and
usually are sueh. The Englishmen ob¬
tained very large yields from very small
seed pieces, but it was not because of
but in spite of the small seed pieces.
We are told that in another contest,
with slightly larger seed pieces, lower
yields were obtained. We are not told,
however, that these results were ob¬
tained side by side on the same ground
or even by the same men, and com¬
mon sense assures us they were not.
The great majority of experiments in
this country, conducted by trained men
at agricultural experiment stations, have
shown that the larger the seed piece the
larger the yield per acre, other things
being equal. The question is one of
economy. At what point will the cost
of heavier seeding equal the value of
increase in yield? That is the danger
line we should not pass, and its place is
fixed by several factors, such as price
of seed and probable value of crop,
fertility of soil, etc. We read much of
late about raising calves without milk.
It can certainly be done. But for ordi¬
nary, can art improve upon nature, as
to economy and effectiveness? It is
about the same with this potato ques¬
tion. There are soils and conditions
where the use of finely cut seed is ad¬
visable, but for ordinary, a larger seed
piece supplying nature’s own prepared
food for the young, growing potato
sprout, will prove better.
The potato sprout very quickly sends i
out rootlets into the soil, and when
this is very fertile find well adapted to
the crop the sprout will little miss the
cutting off of its natural food supply
by the division of the parent tuber into
many small pieces: But on less fa¬
vorable soil this robbing may so stunt i
the early growth as to preclude the
possiblity of a maximum yield. 1 have
been told of experiments wherein the
planting of whole large tubers gave less
marketable yield side by side with rows
planted with cut seed, but on inquiry
found the whole large seed had been
planted the same distance apart in the
row as the cut seed, which was planted
closely. Of course the experiment re¬
sulted misleadingly. The result should
have been expected. The larger the
seed pieces the farther apart in the row
should they be planted. On my own
farm I am confident, from rather close
observation for many years and from
a carefully conducted comparative ex¬
periment, that extended through a
period of ll years, that I get better
results by planting whole large tubers
in hills three feet apart each way, cul¬
tivating both ways and selecting seed
at digging time from best hills. Dif¬
ferently located and with different con¬
ditions I might possibly find it advisable
to change my practice as regards seed¬
ing. I should not want to drop the
selection of seed under any conditions;
but that is another story.
H. ERNEST HOPKINS.
Crawford Co., Pa.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
83
TESTED AND PROVEN
SEEDS
. PHILADELPHIA. PA.
Stand for Purity and Quality. The result
of 38 years’ experience in testing, and
proving the best. Our GARDEN AND FARM
MANUAL for 1911 tells all about them.
Mailed tree to seed buyers who write for it.
JOHNSON SEED COMPANY,
217 Market St.. Philadelphia. Pa.
Seeds, Plants, Roses,
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, etc.
Hundreds of car lots of
FRUIT and O R N A -
3IENTAI, TREES. 1.200
acres. 50 In hardy Roses,
nonebettergrown. 44 green¬
houses of Palms, Ferns,
FicuB» Geraniums and
other things too numerous
r T to mention. Seeds, Plants,
Rulbs, Roses, Small Trees, etc., by mail, post¬
paid. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Immense stock of SUPERB GANNAS, the
queen of bedding plants. Acres of Paeoniasand
other Perennials. 50 choice collections cheap in
Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc. Elegant 168 -page
Catalog FREE. Send for it today and see what
values we give for your money. Direct deal will
Insure you the best at first cost. 57 years. (11)
The Storrs & Harrison Co., Box 156, Painesville, 0.
MAULE’S SEEDS
ONCE GROWN ALWAYS GROWN
is the reason why for many years past I have
done sueh an enormous seed business. 79,430
customers in Pennsylvania alone, with almost
half a million the world over. My New Seed Book
for 1911 is a wonder; contains everything in
seeds, bulbs and plants worth growing. Weighs 12
ounces; 600 illustrations, 4 colored plates, 176
pages. Any gardener sending bis name on a
postal card can have it for the asking. Address
WM. HENRY MAULE
1707-09-11 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa.
5 cen,s (stamps) and mention this
paper and I will enclose in the catalogue
Burpee9 s Seeds Grow!
And the Burpee- Business Grows !
If you would like to read about the Best Seeds that can be Grown and the
Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade in the world, you should write to-day (a postal
card will do) for The 35th Anniversary Edition of THE LEADING AMERICAN SEED
CATALOG. A bright new book of 174 pages, — it is free to all who appreciate
impb * a c Liress W At/ee Burpee & Co., Philadelphia
Dreer's Garden Boqk[
DESCRIBES over 1200 varieties of Flower-seeds, 2000
kinds of Plants, 600 varieties of Vegetables, besides
hundreds of Shrubs, Climbers. Roses, Aquatics. Lawn
Grasses, etc., etc. 288 large pages, nearly 1000 illustrations,
f n- ?• cbiotone plates. 500 cultural articles by experts
telling in plain language exactly how to grow Flowers’
V egctablcs. Plants, etc. A garden classic for three-quarters
of a century.
Sent free to anyone mentioning this publication.
I>K K EK’S OltCII I D.Fl.OW EKED SWEET PEAK
These aie the aristocrats of the Sweet Pea family and just as easy to
grow as the ordinary sort. Flowers of extraordinary size, with wavv
petals, usually borne four to a spray. A mixture containing all colors.
10c per packet; 15c per oz. 'Garden Book" free with each order.
HENRY A. DRF/FR Chestnut Street,
-rv* A-'TVEbrblV, PHILADELPHIA.
NORTH RUP. KING Sc CO.'S
Sterling cloverSeed
SELECTED FOX Pt/R/TY
0™ STERLING BRAND CLOVER SEED is the
cleanest and purest obtainable; it is Minnesota
a “as been Pro<iuced from plants which have
thawinp Of 6 JXtTeme winter and the alternate freezing and
jy¥ so wing" ^ ^..vigorous
may be grown in northern
sections where, until recently
it was not thought possible for
it to survive. Our seed
when grown farther south is
more productive, of greater
vitality and the hay is of bet¬
ter quality than from seed pro¬
duced elsewhere.
HUBER
GAS TRACTOR.
An all-round farm tractor.
Intended to take the place of
teams for plowing, and for
hauling all farm machinery.
Also a fine belt power for
running small thresher, baler,
feed cutter, saw mill.
Uses a surprisingly small
quantity of gasoline.
Built for heavy duty, but in
construction is equal to the
finest marine or automobile
Head more about all kinds of clover in
?.u5„27tJ1 ANNUAL CATALOGUE
It tells of the value of various clovers for
different purposes, their adaptability to
soils, how to handle them, etc. This
handsomely illustrated 144 page book is
full of valuable information on the best
varieties of seed for the garden, field, farm
and lawn. It will be mailed without
Al n DT l iniirUAriYi « « _ charge on request. Write for it today.
N0RTHRUP, KING & CO Sp^d^mpn 105 bridge square
_ 7 " w Je easmen Minneapolis, Minnesota
engine.
Backed by most ample guar¬
antee and our forty years’ ex¬
perience building fraction
engines.
Full information on request.
The Huber Manufacturing Co.
G46 Center Street,
MARION' OHIO
Dibble’s Seed Potatoes
havo'in storo Wn’ fUl1 °f vi*°r’ carefullr selected, give splendid crops, and at this writing
60,000 BUSHELS
31 Varieties, as follows:
18, <)()() bushels Pedigree Stock Irish Cobblers
12,000
2,500
<{,000
3,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
44
44
44
4fc
Green Mountains
Early Ohios
Rose varieties
Bovees
Queens
American Giant;
Sir Walter Raleighs
°i ot,ier standard kinds, as well as several thousand bushels of new
varieties that have been pronounced °
by customers in many States.
I\ c are Headquarters forSeed Potatoes, Oats, Corn, Bariev, Alfalfa, Clover and Grass
him A A AV f V.AUi -l re FI(,\HT’ as we shiP thousands of bushels annually from our
lbuo-acte Seed I* at ms direct to the consumer.
w-y m om ()ur 19U Farm Seed Catalog, the leading strictly Farm Seed Book of tho year
I. ■■ B. I. Two mighty valuable little books written by Mr. Dibble, as follows: "Dibble
M Bl on the Potato, giving twenty years' experience ill growing potatoes.
1 M 9. Wj nibble on Alfalfa,” telling bow to grow alfalfa in the East successfully.
^ ™ These three books are yours for the asking. Write that postal NOW,
- ADDRESS -
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
«4
January 2S,
THE RURAL KEW-YORKER
A CROP FOR MULCH MATERIAL.
B. R., Meahoppcn , Pa. — What crop would
you suggest to grow entirely for mulch
to be used on strawberries? Would Canada
field peas and oats give more material
than millet, or would millet and Canada
field peas make a good combination? Would
Kaffir corn grow well in this section of
country, and could two crops be grown in
one season?
Ans. — All things considered, Japan¬
ese millet is about as good a “mulch
crop” as you can grow on a small farm.
This millet will make a heavy growth
in good land, and can be put in after
early potatoes or peas, or even early
sweet corn or in an old strawberry
field. We would not sow Canada peas
with the millet. In order to get a full
growth of millet you must seed it too
early for the peas to do well. The best
mulching crop we ever had was cow-
pea vines, but they do not make growth
enough to supply the mulch. Kaffir
corn will grow well, but ordinary corn
will give you more feed.
COMMISSIONER PEARSON’S REPORT.
The eighteenth annual report of the New
York State Department of Agriculture was
given out January 16. The report of the
finance bureau shows a total expenditure
through the Department of Agriculture of
$704,352.61. Of this amount $252,231.78
was distributed to county and town fair
societies as partial reimbursement for pre¬
miums paid for the encouragement of agri¬
cultural production. $94,317.10 was paid
in indemnities for animals taken by the
State on account of bovine tuberculosis.
$27,324.80 was paid as indemnities for
horses killed suffering with the disease of
glanders. $51,439.01 was spent through the
Bureau of Horticulture and Nursery Inspec¬
tion. It is pointed out that the work of the
Department yields also a considerable rev¬
enue to the State, aggregating last year
in excess of $100,000.
One thousand seven hundred and twenty-
five cases for violation of the agricultural
law have been referred to the Attorney-
General. EHve hundred and nineteen were
relative to oleomargarine. The Department
is making strenuous efforts to prevent the
sale of this article as butter in violation
of the statute. Four hundred and fifty-
one cases related to adulterated milk and
cream ; most of these represented samples
containing less than the State standard of
fat due to the addition ol' water or skim¬
ming. Two hundred and sixty-one cases re¬
lated to pure food violations ; 162 cases to
illegal traffic in bob veal, breaking of quar¬
antines and other violations of law relat¬
ing to animals and animal diseases. One
hundred and forty-one cases related to vine¬
gar, 75 to commercial fertilizers, 25 to
cattle feeding stuffs and 33 to turpentine.
The remaining 58 were for violations of the
law relative to illegal shipments of nursery
stock, small size apple barrels, unclean milk
cans, unsanitary conditions of places where
food products are handled, false branding
of cheese, adulterated linseed oil and San
Jose scale. , ..
The Bureau of Foods showed much activ¬
ity in enforcing the law against misbranded
or adulterated food. The Bureau of Dairy
Products reports that 343 persons have been
licensed to act as agents in milk gather¬
ing stations, 1,179 inspections of sanitary
conditions at dairy establishments has been
made and in 546 places improvements were
found to be necessary. Many hundreds of
dairy farms have been inspected for sani¬
tary conditions and improvements directed
where necessary. Special attention has been
given to the condition of milk cans re¬
turned from cities to country districts, the
law now requiring that these cans shall be
clean before being returned and providing
a severe penalty for the introduction of
filth of any kind into these receptacles. At¬
tention is called to the fact that it is a
violation of the Agricultural Law for any
person to return a milk bottle in unclean
condition to a milk dealer.
The Bureau of Fertilizers and Feeding
Stuffs returns an income to the State
greatly in excess of the cost of its main¬
tenance. Every brand of fertilizer and feed¬
ing stuff sold within the State must be li¬
censed after the payment of a fee. The total
amount turned into the State treasury for
fees during the past year was $28,615.
Agents of the Department have collected 637
samples of feeding stuffs and 837 samples
of fertilizer, all of which were referred to
the State Experiment Station at Geneva for
analysis. Considerable attention has been
given to the quality of turpentine and lin¬
seed oil, more than 800 samples having
been collected and about 60 of these found
to be in violation of law.
Bovine tuberculosis has been found in
herds in practically every county in the
State. Owing to the increased efforts of
the State in eradicating this disease, bet¬
ter methods are being introduced on many
dairy farms in the line of more sanitary
quarters and greater care in the selection
and purchase of animals. Fourteen thous¬
and one hundred and eighty-one cattle have
been tuberculin tested by the Department, on
requests of owners because of suspecting
the presence of the disease. Three thous¬
and and twenty-nine or 21 per cent, have
reacted. Of this number only 1,240 were
found to have the disease in generalized
form. One hundred and four were free
from tuberculosis lesions. During the year
forty-five quarantines were laid against the
disease of rabies in 21 different counties.
It is believed that much progress has been
made against this disease. Other diseases
receiving attention of the Department in¬
clude glanders, anthrax, swine plague, hog
cholera, mange, black leg and tuberculosis
In swine. The Department is exercising
strict measures over animals entering the
State for breeding and dairy purposes. The
attention of the Legislature is called to
the shipment of bob veal calves from this
State to other States. Frequently these
shipments include calves a few days old
which cannot be shipped to points in our
own State for food purposes and which
are entirely too young to ship for the pur¬
pose of being raised. Much complaint
comes to the Department from citizens
throughout the State because of this traf¬
fic, which has no commendable features and
many that are condemnatory. In connec¬
tion with the prevention of rabies, and for
the protection of the sheep industry as
well, attention is called to the necessity
of State-wide supervision of dogs. . Stray
dogs, especially, which would be disposed
of if a reasonable tax or license fee were
imposed, are believed to carry rabies from
one district to another and there is abund¬
ant evidence to show the heavy losses
caused to flocks of sheep in many parts of
the State. The matter of a State meat
inspection service is referred to. At the
present time there is no State meat inspec¬
tion law in New York and it is well known
that conditions at some abbattoirs are such
as to need surveillance. The value of the
Federal meat inspection service, which it is
estimated costs the people of the State of
New York $300,000 per year, is in large
part lost to the people of the State be¬
cause this is not supplemented by a State
meat inspection service.
It is reported that 256 farms, adver¬
tised through the publications of the De¬
partment, have been sold during the past
year ; the combined value amounting to
more than $1,000,000. Over 10,000 letters
of inquiry from persons in western States
and some from Europe concerning possi¬
bilities of New York State farms have
been received and answered during the
year. The Department has record of at
least 200 families who are expecting to
move into this State this Spring, options
already having been taken on 74 farms.
Forty-nine hundred and forty-four farm la¬
borers have been provided to farmers of
this State during the past year. These
persons represented 26 different national¬
ities, the largest number, 1,745, being Irish,
and 1,406 German.
Five hundred and seventy-two nurseries
have been inspected and all stock examined,
including 116,640,977 trees and plants of
different kinds. Seventeen thousand and
eighty-one trees have been destroyed on ac¬
count of being infested with San Jose scale
which, if distributed to parts of the State
now free from this pest, would have caused
untold damage. More than twelve million
seedlings recently imported have been ex¬
amined and 3,726 nests of Brown-tail
moths as well as some nests of Gipsy moths
have been found. These dangerous pests
are destroyed with the utmost care. Thus
far although they have appeared at more
than a score of different places in our
State, agents of the Department have in
every instance completely eradicated these
insects. The importance of this work may
be estimated when it is stated that in
Massachusetts last year more than $1,000,-
000 was spent by Federal, State and muni¬
cipal governments for the purpose of keep¬
ing under control these pests which un¬
fortunately have gained a foothold there.
Send for our Book of
Trees — Tells How to
Plant for F ruit
and Shade
Every person who expects
to plant trees this Spring— a
dozen or a thousand— should
first send for Green’s 1911
Complete Catalogue. It lists
everything desirable In fruit
and shade trees as well as small
fruit ; tells you how we sell direct
_ to you from our nursery and
quotes lowest “at-the-nursery” prices. By our money-
saving, quality-giving plan, you pay no commissions but
buy direct from one of the largest nurseries in the United
States, and you get nurserymen’s lowest prices.
Agent's Prices Cut in Two
GREENS TREES
Direct to You
We grow, bud, and graft quality trees from bearing orchards of
our own— all hardy, northern grown and true to name. Every tree
is triple inspected and guaranteed free from pests and scale.
Green's Nurseries are located in one of the greatest fruit centers
in the United States— Northern New York— yet we are 6 to 12 miles
distant from other nurseries— no chance for contagious disease.
Our catalogue is our only salesman, and has been for over SO
years, but our square-dealing policy makes our oustomers loyal to
us and brings them back year after year with new orders, if you
have never bought trees under Green's Nursery plan, investigate
by sending at once for the 1911 catalogue, and we will also send you
free our remarkable hook "Thirty Years with Fruits and Flowers. *
Capital, $100,000.
GREEN'S NURSERY CO., Box 22. Rochester, N. Y.
OATS
Tells the best Strawberries, Rasp¬
berries, Blackberries, Dewberries,
Gooseberries, Currants, etc., and Just
how to grow them, Knight's plants
have a national reputation for superior
quality and high vigor. Send
for free copy of our catalogue.
David Knight
& Son.
Box 56 Sawyer, Mich.
1st Prize $100— 2nd Prize $25
3rd Prize $10 —4th Prize $5
5 th Prize $5 — and Five More
Prizes of $1.00 each in Field’s Great
National Free-For-All Garden Contest
A NATIONAL CONTEST— open to all— to get better gar¬
dens! That’s my plan and I am sure you know what it
means. And right at the start, let me tell you that there
are no conditions whatever, to this contest, You don’t
have to buy seeds from me unless you want to — don't have to sell
anything or do any work for me at all. Just raise a bumper gar¬
den crop— then write me a letter about it. Tell me what
methods you used, how you laid out the garden, how you
treated the soil, etc. And send along a few photographs.
This contest is
For Men, Women, Boys and Girls
everywhere. Everybody stands an equal chance of winning.
— - - Fine writing or college grammar doesn’thelp — it’s facts about
good gardens that I want. It makes no difference where you live or whether your
garden is small or large. All you’ve got to do is to raise a bumper crop— then
write me all about it. If the judges decide your letter is best — you get $100.00.
If it is second best you get $25.00 and so on. Winner is paid at the rate of
50c a Word for a 200-Word Letter
if the letter contains 200 words. That’s worth while isn’t it? You can’t lose in
this contest even if you don' twin one of the prizes. It costs nothing to enter
—and you gain by getting a better garden. If you win— and you stand an ex¬
cellent chance — so much the better, What I want is that everybody have a
good garden and then to write me. Don’t send any money but mail me the
coupon now so I can tell you all the details about this contest in my special
folder. I want you to read about the great book of Garden Experiences I’m
going to publish give away to my customers, and I want you to know how
to get one without expense. I also want to mail you my big 1911 seed catalog.
Don’t Wait! Enter Now! Mail The Coupon
or a postal quick. All I want is your name and address so I can send you the
facts and my book. You’ll find my catalog a guide to the best seeds grown—
contains everything you want in the seed line. I've built up one of the biggest
seed houses in America, by giving highest quality and biggest value. But this
contest is open to all — and you can win whether you buy seeds from me or not.
Address me personally, Henry Field, President
Henry Field Seed Company, Box. 26 Shenandoah, Iowa
I
Henry Field, President
HENRY FIELD SEED CO , Box. 26 Shenandoah. Iowa,
Dear Mr. Field : Please send me your Special Garden Contest Folder and your
1911 Catalog Free.
Name.
m
I
NEW SEEL) OATS. Big money
in right kind of oats. Here's
your chance. Imported Canadian
seed oats, raised on Galloway
Brothers' big farm in Canada.
New, clean land. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre ; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought this seed from us last year raised as high as 75 to 100
bushels in this country, and found out their old seed was inbred
and run out. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed.
Send for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. Will also send
our free booklet, entitled “Big Money in Oats and How to Grow
Them.'' Galloway Bros.-Bowman Company
662 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa
200 Bushels of Strawberries
From a Single
One of our patrons made this record -with
plants bought of us. J ust ask a commission
man what this quantity of fruit would have
brought the grower any year lately, and
you'll see that there's money in berries .
Knigbt*s Free Book
on Small Fruit
ARE A VERY PROFITABLE CROP
Last season, Cherries sold for eight cents a pound by the
ton. Fine trees can be purchased now at very reasonable
prices. Catalogue and full information furnished on request.
ELLWANGER & BARRY
MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES
‘ ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Why Harris’ Seeds
are Surest and Best
Seed that grows — that gets right down to business and
makes good plants— is the only kind you can afford — and
it’s the kind you get when you order from us. Every strain of
our seed has a pedigree— has made a record for years.
Nearly all of it is grown on our own farms ; we give it a
careful germination test, to prove just1 how much of it is
good. When we've found that out, we print it on a
special label appearing on each package, so that
You can always tell how much
ol our _ -r?\ seed will come up
Think of what that means ! You
, VA.V-'" §\ can ,e" " ben you plant it. whether
OQDSEEDS
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
|| I give a lot of new sorts for
trial with every order I fill.
| A Grand Big Catalog CDCC
Illustrated with over » nEb
^ 700 engravings of vegetables
and flowers. Send yours and
_ 'your neighbors’ addresses.-
R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois
to"'
ut»-
vy h*"
t<"
■ c*°co\i*=''r
tfor"01' &
fan"- ~ •
to sow thick or light ; you can get
just tlie stand you want without
resowing, without wasting any
seed, and, most important of all,
without wasting any time.
Our free Catalogue contains
valuable information about Gar¬
den, Field and Flower Seeds.
Write for it NOW.
JOSEPH HARRIS CO.
Moroton Farm, Box 31
COLDWATER, N. Y.
THAT YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
breaks ull records. Nothing like it.
_ _ _ Also SEED CORN. Samples and cat¬
alog free. THEO. BURT & SONS, MELROSE, OHIO,
OATS
B
EST SEED POTATOES I0 <£$«£,•
A. G. ALDRIDGE, Fisher’s, Ontario County, N. Y.
Most Everyone Has a Hobby.
Ours is propagating new varieties of strawberries.
After a thorough test and proved to he all-around
best of all, you hear us say something— otherwise
we bury them. Our catalogue for 1911 is brimful
of new ones, and conspicuously absent of varieties
that have been but cannot come hack. Early, Mid-
Season and Late. We were the introducers of the
famous “Stevens’ Late Champion, ’’ a Irnok on
strawberry culture, with every catalogue all free
for the asking.
J.T. GARRISON & SONS, BridgktoX, N. J.
Pedigree Seed Potatoes
Clyde, white, excellent quality, high yielding
strain, bred true to type. 100 bush, per acre on my
farm. Price, $o.50 per bbl. sack, 145 lbs. net.
W. L. HANNAH, Brunswick, Me.
rr
| 144
French Bean Coffee
(SOJA HISPIDA)
A GOOD SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE
A wholesome drink ! The healthiest
ever ; you can grow it in your own gar¬
den on a small patch 10 feet by 10, pro¬
ducing 60 lbs. or more. Ripens in Wis¬
consin in 90 days. Used in great quan¬
tities in France, Germany and all over
Europe.
Send 16 cents in stamps and we will
mall you a package giving full culture
directions, as also our Mammoth seed
catalog free ; or send 8 1 cents and get,
in addition to above, 10,000 kernels un¬
surpassable vegetable and flower seeds-
enough for bushels of luscious.different
vegetables and brilliant flowers.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED COMPANY
144 South ath S*. La Croase, Wi«
□
1911.
Quality in Land Rollers.
A. II., Flushing, N. Y. — I would like to
learn from some experienced student of agri¬
culture (not a manufacturer) having partic¬
ular knowledge of the subject, what are the
chief considerations that govern in the ma-
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
to 2.67 inches to 3.34 inches of rainfall
on one acre, where the values of the
inch are those stated. If three-eighths
of a miner's inch flowing continuously
15 days gives to one acre the equiva-
86
terial and construction of a land roller for lent of 2.67 to 3.34 inches of rainfall,
best results in use and lasting quality.
Ans. — There are two kinds of land
rollers on the market to-day and the
inquirer should select the kind suited to
his soil and needs. The kind in most
common use is a plain two or three sec¬
tion roller, the sections consisting of
cast drum heads covered with a sheet
steel drum riveted to the drum heads,
and the two or three sections compos-
to apply the same amount to the acre
in three days, continuous flow, would
require five times three-eighths inch
of water, or one and seven-eighths.
F. H. KING.
The Corn Harvester Necessary.
In regard to the work of the corn
harvester, I hardly see how the farmers
in this section could get along without
them. With ground in reasonably good
Pull Your f Stumps 30 Days
FREE
ing the roller are hung on a large steel £jlape they wjh cut c]oser on the average
shaft running the full length of the than the average man will, also cut the
roller. Such rollers have a smooth face, grass a„d weeds in row, which makes
turn easily and give good satisfaction. g00ci silage. The binding of the corn
Other styles of rollers in less common makes it handle nearly 50 per cent, easier
use are the various pulverizing rollers, and faster, which means a great deal in
Some have the face of the roller cov- the rush of work and shortage of help,
ered with iron rods or pipes riveted on it would be impossible to get help to
the drum heads and spaced about two cut the corn by hand, as filling silos
inches apart instead of the sheet steel and apple picking come at about the
of the roller described above. Another
kind is made up of narrow cast sections
about six inches wide and with scalloped
faces. The pulverizing roller is espe¬
cially recommended for the preparation
of wheat land, but they are tip-top on
corn ground also. Land rollers should
be about two feet in diameter and con¬
sist of two or more sections for easy
same time. A good working gang for
silo work is one man and three horses on
harvester, three drivers and teams to
draw, one man to feed cutter, and one
or two men in silo, two men in lot to
pitch on. I filled for myself and neigh¬
bors about 900 tons this past Fall and
there were three or four others who did
as much or more, while a good many
400ft
^Stronger
Than
Others
At Oup
Riskna
Guaranteed 3 YeaPS sAump and the stump is bound to come.
n ' *** Also pulls largest-sized green trees, hedge-
Irlple-Power — All-Steel rows, etc. Don’t risk dangerous and costly
, dynamite. It only shatters stump and
Clear up your stumpy fields with the 3-year leaves roots in ground.
Guaranteed Hercules, now sold on 30 days’
Free Trial. Test it on your place at our risk.
Pulls stumps out, roots and all. 400ft £>DeCial PPlCC Offer
stronger than any otherpuller made.' Triple r
power attachment means one-third greater We have a special price proposition to the
pull. I he only stump puller guaranteed for first man we sell to in new sections. We
J years. Only one with Double Safety are glad to make you a special price on the
Hatchets. Only one with all bearings and first Hercules sold in your community be-
working parts turned, finished and machined, cause that will sell many more for us
reducing friction, increasing power, making and save advertising. Write us at once
it extremely light running. Hitch on to any to get this.
HERCULES
Stump
Puller
Just write a postal for our special price— 30 days’ Free Trial and all FREE BOOKS
about the only All-Steel. Triple-Power Stump Puller-the Famous Hercules.
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO., 13017th St., Centerville, la.
turning, and for two horses may be six have their own rigs and only fill two
feet long. Land rollers being made of or three silos. Our best day’s work
steel and iron and provided with oiling
devices, if properly housed when not in
use, should last as long or longer than
a disk harrow. Not many rollers are
used in this section, the plank drag
largely taking the place of the roller,
but for late-plowed sod the heavy roller
seems almost indispensable and on such
fields their use should prove quite profit¬
able. For the heavier soils the pulver¬
izing roller is possibly the proper tool
to use, as it packs the soil without pack¬
ing down all the surface, but for lighter
soils, and where a fine, smooth surface
is needed, and for use in general, the
smooth surfaced roller is the proper
tool. W. E. DUCKWALL.
Ohio.
Flow of Irrigation.
D., Oregon. — Given four second feet of
water for three days, 72 hours, irrigates 00
acres of land. How many inches of water
that we kept track of was 42 loads in
nine hours of l'/i to two tons each, cut
to half-inch, elevated 35 feet with blower,
and run by a six horse-power engine.
Vermont. g. m. h.
Green Film in Spring
F. E. G., Worcester, Mass. — I have a nice
boiling spring about 30 feet from my house.
In former years there lias been a barrel
set in the ground, but this barrel has given
me considerable trouble, so last Spring I
dug around the barrel, taking it out and
cleaning everything away until I got a
good gravel bottom. Then I took a 24-
inch by 3-foot glazed cement pipe and put
it in where the barrel was. It works fine,
but it is constantly filling up with a green¬
ish film, such as is found on the edge of
small ponds. Is there anything I can do to
get rid of this film? It is very annoying.
Ans. — It might be worth while to try
inserting a galvanized iron cylinder
made fairly to fit closely the inside of
the tile, reaching above the water,. form-
i
I
p
jig ;
^Guaranteed Implements
Backed by over 35 years’ experience of a
practical farmer and manufacturer. You run no
risk when you get a Planet Jr, and you will be
^surprised at how much more and better work’
kyou can do with less labor. Planet Jrs are"
flight and strong, and last a life-time.
JNo. 25i Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder,
Double- Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow opens the
’ furrow, sows seed in drills or hills, covers, rolls, marks
flp ^^out next row. Also has perfect cultivating attachments.
JNo. 1 6 1 Planet Jr Single Wheel-Hoe, Cultivator,
^Rake and Plow is a most useful adjustable garden tool,
^teeps ground in thorough condition. The new pressed-
^stecl frame makes the tool practically indestructible.
Write today for 1911 illustrated catalogue of all
Planet Jr implements. Free and postpaid.
JS L Allen & Co Bo* ho7v Phila Pa
would it require per acre continuous flow inS ^ fapPed seams without soldering,
for 15 days to furnish the four second the manner of . stovepipes. It is
feet for the three days, giving a period of barely possible that the vegetable growth
may not attach itself to the metal sur¬
face. F. H. KING.
12 days between irrigations? Oregon has
taken control of the waters of the State
and in adjudicating the water rights it has
asked us, the original appropriators, how
much water we require. A corporation has
contested our claims and their expert claims
that three-eighths of an inch of water, con¬
tinuous flow, is the solution to the above
problem. We are sceptical.
Ans. — Four second feet of water for
72 hours, applied to 60 acres of land
would cover it to a depth of 4.76 inches,
and is equal to 1,036,800 cubic feet. We
do not know the value of a legal
inch of water for Oregon. For Cali¬
fornia one inch of water is defined as
equal to one-fiftieth of a second foot.
Court decision sets it at one- fortieth of
a second foot for Arizona. Colorado
specifies 38.4 miner’s inches in one sec¬
ond foot. It the inch is taken at one-
fortieth of a second foot it would re¬
quire four times 40, or 160 inches, flow¬
ing continuously three days, or 72 hours,
to equal four second feet continuous
flow for 72 hours. Three-eighths of a
miner’s inch flowing continuously 15
days is only 9,720 cubic feet, or .044
inch of rainfall on 60 acres, at the
California value, and but 12,150 cubic
feet or .055 inch of rainfall on 60 acres
at the Arizona value. If applied to one
acre instead of to 60 acres the depth of
water, expressed as rainfall, would be
60 times the values just given, or 2.67
inches, where the California inch is the
standard, and 3.34 inches if the Arizona
value of the inch is taken. In other
A’ords, three-eighths of a miner’s inch
continuous flow for 15 days is equivalent
J' {!a,lc' Hie "Peach. King,” writes: "The Double Action ‘Cutaway’
a splendid tool. I use it in polishing off my peach orchards several times
year. A good pair of horses handle it all right,”
. JA® genuine ‘Cutaway” tools are used and endorsed by successful orchard-
ists trom coast to coast and bay to gulf. uronaru
uteSfiS^S’iisss^ da rasa? trs safes' **
IITAWAV double action
^ “ ■ ORCHARD HARROW
„^Le.ry-orch,ardistnSnd frH!t fn-oyer should have one or more of these labor savers
an<l fiuit makers. They will positively pay for themselves in ofae'season. To investi¬
gate is to be convinced.
A™"?}} cultivation makes large crops Stirring the soil lets in the air, sunshine
and new life, and kills foul vegetation. The •'Cutaway.” disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists
and aerates the. soil. Clark’s ‘‘Cota way” Tooi.s run lighter and do better work than
any other machine. Lasts a lifetime.
Send today for new catalog, “ Intensive Cultivation.'’ Of course, it’s free.
CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY
839 MAIN STREET
HICCANUM, CONNECTICUT
FARM
machines
The name JOHNSTON still stands for
all that is best in farm machinery. _
JOHNSTON machines represent the most
advanced development along truly practical
lines. There’s nothing experimental, impractical or “freakish”
about them — no “weak spots” to cause trouble.
They are quality machines, made by skilled men from best materials,
with correct attention to every detail. JOHNSTON machines cost
more to manufacture on account of the extra effort— yet cost the farmer
no more. We have always given especial attention to the matters of
simplicity, strength and durability — that’s why the farmer gets mor^
years of good reliable results from JOHNSTON Machinery.
JOHNSTON machines have won and retained the confidence of farmers
on two hemispheres for over half a century.
The JOHNSTON Line for 1911
Grain Binders Rakes Manure Spreaders
wfnTona Mowers Hay Loaders
Spring and T , . Disc Harrows
SFik^T.®oth Harrows Tedders Orchard Harrows
Side-Delivery Hakes Corn Binders Land Rollers
Write to-day for JOHNSTON 1911 Catalog— it’s free, and full of
valuable information. Or, advise what tools you are interested
in, and we will send booklets.
No Connection With The Trust.
THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO,
Box 100 L
BATAVIA, N. Y
WE SHOW ONLY A
FEW OF
OUR LEADERS
AGRICULTURE
“= Are THOROUGHLY HARD BURNT
I— Made of best Ohio Clay. Sold in car-load lots.
c/D Lj_i Also manufacturers of
3 g HOLLOW BUILDING BLOCK and SEWERP1PE
u_ National Fireoroofinir Co.. Fulton Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.
ye
January
I was first to advertise and push
Seed corn in the ear, graded seea corn
and hand-picked seed corn. But
here’s the biggest and best idea of
all — Certified Seed Corn — every ker¬
nel of every ear full of life, vigor and
producing power.
Bigger Corn Profits
I started with the best field-selected
corn in every variety. Picked the best
ears, tested six kernels from each ear
for germination and if even one of the
six kernels from any ear failed to ger¬
minate strongly , that ear was discarded.
I’ll send this 100 per cent seed corn on
' 10 Days’ Approval
You’re the judge; money back if you
say so. Shipped in the ear or shelled
and graded — but either way, with the
guarantee that six kernels from every
ear has germinated strongly by my
perfect testing system. Don’t wait—
Write Me a Postal Quick
Plenty of Field’s Certified 100 per cent
Seed Corn next year, but don’t wait. Get
the extra $5.00 to $10.00 or more per acre
on the coming crop. Write me a postal
now for the facts, and ask for samples if
you want them. I’ll also send you my
new 1911 seed book— best I’ve ever pub¬
lished. Mail postal now to
1IKXRY FIELD, Prmident
HENKY FIELD SEED COMPANY
Box. 20, Shenandoah, Iowa
- O/V/OTV SEED- -
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg. Flat Danvers aud Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
- THEILMANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA. -
All the best varieties,
including the grand
new variety GLORY.
This is very early, solid, white and linest quality. It’s a
money-maker f or you. Our catalog, sent free to nil. tells
■ II about it and Ford** Hound Herds of all kinds. Write today
FOUD SEED CO., Dept. 84, Kavelina. Ohio.
CAD CHI E-°anada Peas, $1.85 bushel! Alas-
rUll DALE ka Peas, $4.00 bushel; Cow Peas.
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel.
Sow Canada Peas and Oats in March and harvest
a crop of Hay in May. Onion Sets at $2.25 per
bushel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Milford, Oel.
The Loader That Ad*
justs Itself to the Load
It makes no difference to the “GEAR-
LESS” Hay Loader whether the hay is
light or in windrows. It adjusts itself
automatically at the bottom as well as
at the top to the quantity of ha}- that
it has to handle. No other rake bar
loader has such an adjustment at the
bottom nor half so much at the top.
This is just one more of the many
important improvements the “GEAR¬
LESS” has over other loaders.
The “GEARLESS” is the loader that
can be operated by one man, the driver.
It is the loader that can he depended
upon every hour of the haying- season
because it is free from the delicate and
complicated parts that are so objec¬
tionable on many loaders.
Our Free Booklet will interest every farmer. Write for
It today. A postal will do.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILL.
THE RURAh
SOILING CROPS FOR LATE SUMMER.
I have four acres of level land, mostly
gravelly loam, on which I wish to raise
green crops to feed 12 to 15 grade Jerseys,
in milk, from the time the pastures begin
to dry up until the corn is fit to feed
(from the first to middle of July until the
middle or last of September), one or two
feeds a day as necessity demands. What
would you advise? reader.
New York.
We should depend largely on fodder
corn, oats and peas and Japanese millet.
The oats and peas will not be of much
help as green food after the middle of
July, as they ripen too early. We
should seed half an acre late. As early
as the ground is fit sow two acres of
corn thickly in drills and give it good
culture. About May 20 sow half an acre
of Japanese millet. Prepare the ground
well, using manure or fertilizer heavily,
and sow 15 pounds of seed. The oats
and peas will be ready to feed first, then
the millet and then the corn. As fast
as one lot is cleaned up we should plow
the land and sow more Japanese millet.
This and the corn fodder will give more
quick growing crops than others will.
PECANS IN NEW JERSEY.
M. A. C., of Vineland, N. J., asks
about pecan growing for that section,
and seems very anxious to grow the
thin-shelled varieties that are doing so
well in the Gulf States. Now there is
little doubt that some of the good va¬
rieties of the pecan will endure the cli¬
mate of southern New Jersey, but the
best of them will not. The trees have
proved tender even farther south, and
besides, these choice varieties from the
far South need a very long Summer
and Fall season to mature their nuts.
It is very doubtful if it would pay to
spend much money or trouble in testing
this class of pecans. But there are types
of the pecan that will succeed in New
Jersey for they grow naturally in south¬
ern Indiana, Illinois and even in south¬
ern Iowa. But they are always found
on the botfom lands and in the richest
of soil. There are a ‘very few hardy
varieties that are of choice qualities of
nut that have been found, and they will
be propagated and sent out for trial in
due time. The nut specialist, Mr. C. A.
Reed, of the U. S. Department of Agri¬
culture, has this work in hand.
H. E. VAN DEMAN.
“Reducing Bones” on the Farm.
W. F. M., Rutherford, N. J. — lu reducing
green bones by burning some fertilizer is
lost. Why not use potash to reduce the
bones and make a more complete fertilizer
to supplement barnyard manure? Would
the ordinary potash or lye, sold in tin cans,
for soap making be proper, or could It be
used as a fertilizer? Can you give me a
recipe for same?
Ans. — We doubt if lye would prove
satisfactory. There would, most likely,
be loss of ammonia. Why not break
up the bones and pack them in un¬
leached wood ashes ? Keep the mass
wet and in three to four months the
bones will be softened so you can smash
them quite fine. The manufacturers use
sulphuric acid to dissolve the bones. We
do not advise the use of this dangerous
acid on the farm, for a single* drop
spattered in the eye might destroy sight.
However, the following directions for
using it are given in Griffith's "Treatise
on Manures “Add to a layer of broken
bones in a box about one-third of their
weight of cold water and then add very
cautiously, because great heat is de¬
veloped, half their weight of brown oil
of vitriol or one-tliird of their weight
of white oil of vitriol. The contents
of the box are then thoroughly mixed
with a wooden spade and the mixture
allowed to stand for at least an hour.
This homemade superphosphate may be
removed and kept dry for a couple of
months, when it will be ready for ap¬
plication to the land.”
"I hear that young Spendit is going
the pace that kills. "Yes. He only got
his racing automobile last month, and
already he has been indicted for homi¬
cide.” — Baltimore American.
NEW-YORKER
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-\T. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 1C.
POTASH PRICES PLEASE FARMERS AND
DEALERS.
Sales to them Increase.
The long published statement regard¬
ing the potash situation, signed by Mr.
Bradley and others, contains some near
truths, much argument and some opin¬
ions of attorneys, the latter being evi¬
dently influenced by their clients’
presentation of their troubles. All of
these need to be .considered in connec¬
tion with the following facts:
Mr. Robert Bradley did not sign the
contract July 1, 1909, but according to
Mr. Schmidtmann it was signed by Mr.
Peter Bradley in New York, August 18.
The statement of the Prussian Min¬
ister of Commerce in the German Par¬
liament on July 7th contained the fol¬
lowing ;
“Being a man of caution, I have al¬
ready drawn up a prospective law,
which naturally I have not yet placed
before the Bundesrat. Now everybody
knows where he stands and can arrange
his business accordingly. Whether the
potash syndicate will be formed is not
material. The question rather is, whether
it will be possible to counteract' the con¬
sequences detrimental to the general
welfare.”
It is quite inconceivable that Mr.
Bradley should not know of this on
August 18th, when the contract provid¬
ing that “any export or import duties
or other governmental charges which
may hereafter become effective within
the life of the -contract shall also be
paid by the buyer,” was signed.
Under the circumstances the signing
was a speculation which so far has not
been successful, but he made a bad
guess on what was going to happen,
and Mr. Schmidtmann out-traded him.
The other 68 buyers who see fit to
cast their lot in with Mr. Bradley had
contracts with the Sollstedt mine, which
did not expire until 1917. These con¬
tracts guaranteed the average price paid
by the two greatest American fertilizer
corporations, and had they not con¬
sented to change them the mine (which
had been purchased by another Ameri¬
can corporation, the International Agri¬
cultural, of which Mr. Schmidtmann is
president), would have been obliged to
pay the tax.
However, in September or October
they saw fit to sign supplemental con¬
tracts in which they assumed all taxes
and other governmental charges, Ger¬
man or American. They, too, made a
bad guess and were outwitted by Mr.
Schmidtmann.
The trade lists show about 600 fertil¬
izer manufacturers in the United States,'
so that only about one-tenth of them
are represented in the present conten¬
tion. Among those who are not ask¬
ing the government for help in trying
to' get an advantage over their compet¬
itors is the Virginia-Carolina Chemical
Co., the largest fertilizer corporation
in America. On the contrary, the Ger¬
man mine Einigkeit, controlled by the
Virginia-Carolina Co., recently joined
the potash syndicate.
Mr. Bradley’s ideas on conservation
seem to consist mainly of “filler.” The
fact that the law requires an increase
of at least five per cent yearly in the
quantity mined proves that there is no
intention of limiting production. The
conservation policy of the law is that
the mining shall be so regulated that
mines more favorably situated shall not
export their products at a price lower
than the average cost of mining and
lower than that for which the Germans
themselves can secure the same prod¬
ucts.
We have every reason to believe that
the German Foreign Minister did not
assure Ambassador Hill that “it would
not invalidate or impair the American
contracts,” but that the assurance was
given that a provision would be made
so that the American buyers need not
pay more for their potash than had been
paid in previous years. This promise
was faithfully carried out and this pro¬
vision stands in the law, but the buyers
have never asked for the liberal reduc¬
tions which it permits.
Mr. Bradley dramatically inquires:
“How, therefore, can Germany afford to
'sta^t a tariff war with th)e United
States?” Germany lias no such inten¬
tion. A small but noisy fraction of the
American fertilizer manufacturers is try¬
ing to convince the American govern¬
ment that it ought to start a tariff war
in order to get them out of a bad bar¬
gain.
In the meantime, the potash business
is getting lots of effective advertising.
Farmers and dealers are buying direct
in greatly increased amounts at reduced
prices, and are quite satisfied with the
situation since it permits them to mix
their fertilizers at home at much less
cost than they can secure them in ready
mixed form.
German Kali Works,
By H. A. Huston, Secretary.
Bumper Crops off
STRAWBERRIES
in Mid-Summer
and Late Fail.
Send for Catalogue.
T. C. KEVITT
Atlienla 14 . J.
WHOLESALE PRICES
On Strawberry, Raspberry. Blackberry, Gooseberry,
Currant, Asparagus and Grape Plants, Heavy Rooted,
High Grade Stock. IBtb Annual Catalogue Free.
R- WESTON & CO„ R. 8 Bridgman, Mich
S Strawberry
Fruits In Fall of first year and in Spring and Fall
ofsecondyear. ltetter than a gold %
mine. 600plantssetin Spring of 1910
produced In Aug., Sept., Oct. and
Nov. nearly 400 quarts, which
sold at 40c to 60c per qt., netting mC fai fig-
us over $2,000 to the acre.
We are headquarters for these MSOBWE'.* «. q2*35H
plants. Also all other Berry Plants
—Plum Farmer, Idaho ami Royal xflBMKaSj&p
Purple Raspberries, Norwood and
Early Ozark Strawberries. Hastings
Potato. 28 years experience. Catalog will be sent you
free. Write to-day. L. J. FARMER, BOX 1 20 . PUUIKI. N Y.
QTRAWBERRY PLANTS — All the 1 endlnp an<l money making
u varieties : ready to ship now. D. KODWAY, Hartly.Del.
Strawberry Plants^"
at SI. 00 oer 1,000 and up. Catalogue free.
ALLEN BROS., PAW PAW, MICH.
-
Seed Corn
FOR SALE
The high-grade “Gold Medal,” or “Bates
Yellow Flint Corn,” same as shown on
the big '‘Pyramid,” and “Cone,” at the
New England Com Exposition, held in
Worcester, Mass., Nov. 7-12, 1910, with the
“World’s Record Yield,” of 173 3-10 bushels
per acre, 70 lbs. per bushel on the ears, as
per sworn statement by three competent
men, and for which the only Gold Medal
was awarded by the Exposition officials.
For free pamphlet giving particulars
of cultivation, exhibits and prices, address
THEODORE C. BATES
NORTH BROOKFIELD. MASS.
L -
SEED CORN
WING’S IMPROVED WHITE CAP will out-
yield any other 120-day corn you can put beside it.
Improved on our farms by ear row test plots for
15 years. 3 acres have yielded 147 bu.per acre.
EXCELSIOR, pure white, lias yielded 145 bu.
per acre In test plot. A splendid variety.
WING’S 120-DAY YELLOW, FUNK’S YEL¬
LOW DENT, and REID’S YELLOW DENT. The
three heaviest yielding yellow varieties in Ohio.
WING’S 90-DAY YELLOW. A sensation In
very deep grained, heavy yielding, very early ma-
. turing corn.
All our corn bred by ear row test plots. Write
today for catalog and information.
WING SEED CO., Box 423 Mochanlcsburg, O.
1 AM A FARMER and have FOR SALE
STRICTLY CHOICE CLOVER SEED.
Also handle Mammoth and Alsike Clover, Timothy
and Millet Seed; Reid's Yellow Dent, Learning,
Boon Co. White, Silver Mine and the big Silo fod¬
der Seed Corn. Please ask for samples and price.
1 also buy all kinds of seed. L. I<’ STOECKEH.
Farmdale or Peoria, Ill. Box 17.
THAT DO NOT DISAPPOINT
eccno
■■ ■■ I I Sold on The Ford Plan, which guar-
■ I U |1 autees satisfaction aud saves you
money on every purchase. Our cat¬
alog tells about it, gives descriptions and low prices on
Bast varieties Garden, Flower and Field Seeds, Pota¬
toes, Bulbs, Trees, Shrubs and Small Fruit Plants. Con¬
tains lots of testimonials from our customers. It’s free.
FORD SEED CO., Dept. 24, Ravenna, Ohio.
1911.
97
FACTS ABOUT CANNING FACTORIES.
One of our readers in Ohio wants to get
some yield and price for crops grown for
a canning factory, that is for most vege¬
tables. They are thinking of building a
factory in his Ohio neighborhood, and it
will be necessary to show people the facts
of a profit before they can head the list.
It would include corn, tomatoes, peas and
possibly sauerkraut and cucumber pickles.
What would be the minimum number of
acres that can be made profitable, and the
price and yields which farmers might rea¬
sonably expect of such crops?
I cannot give you much help on so
general a proposition for starting a
canning factory. The cost of labor, fer¬
tility of the land and the selling price
of the canned goods in the local market
are factors of prime importance in de¬
termining profit. Ordinarily there seems
to be more money in canning tomatoes
than any other crop mentioned. A man
with some experience can grow on a
suitable soil as high as 200 to 300
bushels per acre. They usually sell
for about 25 cents per bushel at the
canning factory. One bushel fills about
18 three-pound cans. These will sell
for about 8 1-3 cents per can, if ma¬
chine packed. If hand packed and sold
in the local market as much as 10 cents
per can is obtained. Stowell’s Evergreen
sweet corn will yield nearly as much as
ordinary field corn per acre. The ears
are snapped off the stalk and sold at
the factory by the ton at the price of
something like $10. The stalks in the
field make excellent stover, or may be
used for silage. I have had no experi¬
ence with peas, nor with pickles; cu¬
cumbers are easily grown and are re¬
ported to pay well. Sauerkraut is very
easily made, and there ought to be a
good profit in it when it sells at two
or three cents above the price of cab¬
bage, In general I would state that
these co-operative canning factories are
difficult to start and make successful.
Lack of experience and business capac¬
ity usually cause them to fail. I prefer
to encourage the individual canning fac¬
tory and increase the capacity as the ex¬
perience grows. In this way I helped to
put the canning business on a sound
basis in another State where co-opera¬
tive canning factories were idle and
rusting down. r. h. price.
Virginia.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
Strychnine for Killing Skunks.
F. C. G., Bridgton, Me. — I would like to
know if arsenic or strychnine will poison
skunks. I have tried both, using quantities
that have been effectual witli cats with¬
out success, and we finally wore obliged
to use a shot gun.
Ans. — Arsenic under all circumstances
is a slow and uncertain poison, and is
never to be absolutely relied on. There
is no doubt, however, that sulphate of
strychnia, if of good quality, is fatal to
skunks. I have known it to be used
on a number of occasions and always
with success. In the country, however,
it is easier to obtain strychnine of an
inferior grade than the pure article, and
it is possible that your correspondent
failed, owing to the use of a heavily
adulterated article.
H. W. HENSHAW.
Chief Biological Survey.
Hen Manure Mixtures for Garden.
I am a poultry raiser and gardener and
have a quantity of hen manure mixed with
coal ashes which I sift on droppings board.
I had thought of mixing burnt lime, land
plaster and hen manure as a fertilizer for
garden crops, melons, corn, peas, tomatoes,
etc. Would it be a safe mixture for
gravel soil? If not please advise me of a
desirable, combination. We get good results
from plaster on our soil in Onondaga.
Would equal parts of burnt lime and plaster
be of any value as a top-dressing for Al¬
falfa? if so, how much per acre?
NPW Y°rk- E.R.W.
This is explained in “The Business Hen.”
Never use burnt lime with hen manure,
ilaster or coal ashes will answer, but as
>e irst principle of manuring, keep burnt
me away from hen droppings. The drv
manure can be crushed and used as it is,
mixed with gravel lime, acid phosphate and
potash to make a fertilizer. You should
e burnt lime alone on the Alfalfa, without
plaster — one ton to the acre.
Cow Peas and Clover.
1. Ilow many bushels of cow peas and
clover ought to be used to the acre on a
worn-out sandy soil? 2. What time of year
should pine trees be set out? T. f. d.
Schenectady, N. Y.
1. The usual plan is to sow live pecks of
cow peas broadcast or three pecks in drills.
You are too far north for them to do their
best. The average seeding of Crimson
clover is 12 pounds to the acre ; of Bed
about six pounds. None of the clovers
are well suited to grow on poor land. 2.
Early Spring. The roots must never be
allowed to dry out ; between digging and
planting protect them in a puddle of loam
and water.
Petroleum Cement.— The use of petro¬
leum in mixing cement, page 1,108, recalls
the old custom of mixing mortar with ale
where extra strength was desired— no
doubt an eminently safe way of using
strong ale. We are told that during the
‘ great frost of 1G07, the “Building
Countess” of Shrewsbury, “Bess of Hard¬
wick, who had been told by a soothsayer
that her life would last as long as she
continued to build, set masons to work
with hot ale to mix the mortar, but the
cold conquered, and the old lady did not
survive, though monuments to her build¬
ing ability still stand in England.
Business in Ferns. — As evidence of the
u ay new hues of business are developing
in the country the following item from a
Vermont paper is given :
“More than 820,000 has been paid out
during the months of September, October
and the first half of November to gather¬
ers of wild ferns in the four Bennington
County towns of Woodford, Stamford,
Searsburg and Readsboro. In this sum is
not included the outlay for packing and
hauling, but it comprises the actual wages
of the pickers. It involves a mathematical
problem that is easily solved, for the pick¬
ers were paid by the piece, four cents a
100, and as there have been over 50,000,000
ferns shipped out of the mountains this
season, the sum total is easily reached.
All of 25,000,000 were sent out from the
freight house of the Rutland Railroad in
Bennington, and the shipments from the
other side of the mountain by the way of
North Adams, Mass., have been even
•W*- The pickers are paid four cents a
100 for the ferns tied in bundles of 25
each, borne of the experts during the pres-
'•nt season have at that rate earned be¬
tween .$7 and $8 in a single day. The
ferns were shipped from the station in this
village either in crates or baskets, the lat¬
ter method being used by the Greek firms
m Now York. Brague & Son shipped one
car load as far west as Denver, Colo.
During the past two years the industry
has grown to such an extent that the lum¬
ber companies that control the mountain
and on which the ferns are gathered now
lease the picking privileges instead of
permitting free access to the propertv as
was formerly the case."
Without
a Gook?
Never mind you can have
a good breakfast if there’s a
package of
Post
Toasties
in the house.
This delicious food, ready
to serve without cooking, is
always welcome and makes
Breakfast
a Delight
“The Memory Lingers”
Postum Cereal Company, Ltd.,
Battle Creek, Mich.
Monarch
Hydraulic
Cider Press
Great strength and ca¬
pacity; all sizes; also
gasoline engines,
steam engines,
sawmills, thresh.
» . ” ““ ers. Catalog free
Monarch Machinery Co* 609 Cortlandt Bldg.. New Yorli
We Do More Than Guarantee
This Great Farmers Motor Car To You
SO wonderful is the great value in the Abbott-Detroit, so firmly are we
convinced of its ability to outlive the toughest conditions, so complete is
our belief that no other car in the world is so well suited to the farmer
because of type, strength and price, that we are willing to outdo all others in
protecting our owners, in spending thousands of dollars, that others keep as profits, for giving
regular instruction and maintenance service to all who purchase the Abbott-Detroit.
When you get your Abbott-Detroit you will not only have the best motor car in the
world at the price but you will have behind you a great organization of experts whose idea
is permanence and not immediate profit and who will see to it that your Abbott-Detroit is in
nrst-class condition all the time.
This Remarkable “Pedigreed”
ff bbofr flefroit
Really Does Not Need A Guarantee It’s So Strong
Every Abbott-Detroit turned out of our fac¬
tory is so perfect, so absolutely a unit in con¬
struction and so powerful right down to tiie last
nut aud screw that you can drive it over the
worst roads aud it will never give a sign of any¬
thing but magnificent balance and standardiza¬
tion. That’s why you have hardly any repair
charges and the cost of running this car is way
down to bed rock. It is easy to operate, easy to
keep in good running condition, easy to keep
looking like a brand new car. It requires little
money and little attention for anything.
There are many other cars listed at $1500 but
by the time you have paid for all the extras you
have expended up to $2000. The Abbott-Detroit
at $1500 includes everything but top and wind¬
shield. It includes a complete electric light
equipment of two electric headlights and com¬
bination electric and oil side aud rear lamps
aud Bosch High Tension or Splitdorf dual igni¬
tion system.
Continually bear in mind that the Abbott-
Detroit has many features heretofore found only
in motor cars selling: up to $4000.
Write for the Book of the Abbott-Detroit in
which we tell you everything about the car and
what we do tor you after you buy it. Let us give
you a letter of introduction to your local dealer
so that you can see the car itself. Drop us a
postal now before our supply of books runs out
Abbott Motor Co.
126 Waterloo St
Detroit, Mich.
CAHOON
Saves buying expensive drills. Most
k perfect broadcast sower for all grain
r and grass seed. Accurate, simple,
I durable. Made of steel, iron and brass. Lasts a life time.
. *>avea time , saves seed and gives bigger crons
Highest priced sower made, but pays for itself many times yearly If
™rrpWfiLCri0 *, y,0"' we win deliver the Cahoon to any
?3ESiSs fflce e,a«of the, Mississippi River on receipt of $i. Send for
Iesrseed°Tt”7Ireen.,,ttl; te“S how to producc blggeV cr^wlth
G00DELL CO.. 14 Main St,, Antrim. New Hampshire
HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS
.Soon save their cost. Make crerywagon a spring
jj wngon, therefore iruit, vegetables, eggs, etc..
[I bring more money. Aslc lor special proposition.
HlUnrey Spring Co., U«- 17th SC, Racine, \1U.
GUARANTEED
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the
profit farm boiler
\v 1th Dumping Caldron. Empties
its kettle in one minute. The simpleat
aud best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. A Iso make Dairv ana
l.nilmlpv Ufavoo Ilf.. A- _ J J
lit VMl At A DllftiCtC. i T7 Q0H(J
for particulars and ask for circular* I
1>. R. SPERRY & (JO.* Rutuvia, LU*
.Yours FREE 30 Days
r . f F*ay Freight Anywhere
Just let me send my Chatham Fanning Mill to your
R. R. Station on n month’s trial. No nionev no
contract and I pay the freight. Return at Sy t>v
penso or keep it and take a year to pay me. Just ?et
me prove the money you can make with a
CHATHAM SSfcffi
^**aIlsa,nd gradesail kinds of seeds, grasses and grains. Don’t
grow weeds or thin stands. Land and taxes are too high. Double
Doltei !» !‘^e‘terfcr°psand have high-priced scedjo sell. Send
1 BOOK No ioa -.' n n u0’ ll ,,<:'ral terlns- aIld get FREE
!?4-Te,ls how thousands are making big,
C V f pro*i*s W|th a Chatham. Send your name by next mail
Address Manson Campbell, Pres. , *
- — Detroit,
No Money Down
No Note
No Contract
- wwa mu
MANSON
» r.. Wl4 vHmrotu uu*. Detroit. Mich
Kansas City, Mo.; St. Paul, Minn.; Seattle, Wash.
— ns and Riddles •
Enough for Every Purpos#
A “2“ L!TTfE.R CAR8IEB Ranges barn drudgery into child’s play.
I «'£SS?ra» 1 fiffSL.'
[ load autom«ticall™and returns toyouP’ Wherever 7°° want dumps
The Louden Way
Keeps barns clean and sanitary-Keeps cows healthy-they will virr
utcher mi k’ Saves lime• Iabor and money. A Louden Latter] J
barrier will save its cost many times in a year. 1 1
Loudens special electro-galvanizing process gives all Louden nrn
ducts a beautiful. lasting finish. Looks clean-elsy to keep clean-
never rusts lasts much longer than ordinary hot process galvanizing
““thedeaw' fe Jc^V^r'leT. M°U^
an d v a 1 u'a b l^bookVn manure valuta t0niI,'Ut° Catal°g °f ba™ ^uipment
LOUDEN MACHINERY CO.', m Broadway. Fairfield, Iowa.
98
Does Fertilizer Lose by Standing?
H. V. D. ( No address) — Does fertilizer
lose its value by age? It is about four
years old, but was under roof all the time.
Originally it was 1-8-4.
AnS. — Well-made fertilizer will lose
little of its value if kept dry and well
protected. In a shed or outdoors where
rain could wash through it there will
be some loss. Usually where acid
phosphate is used the phosphoric acid
may become somewhat less available
from standing, but there will be little
actual loss. The chief trouble is that
some mixtures “cake ’ or grow hard and
lumpy when they stand long.
The Bismarck Apple.
W. H. K., New York, N. Y. — Will you
give me some facts about the Bismarck
apple tree, and its fruit? T\hat is the
size of mature trees, comparing it with
Baldwin, Wealthy or Sutton Beauty? Is
the Bismarck fruit considered poor, medium
or good quality, and is it fit for culinary
use?
Ans. — The Bismarck apple tree is not
so thrifty and large in its habit of
growth as most of our standard va¬
rieties and it bears very early in life,
but not earlier than the Wealthy. Bald¬
win and Sutton are not precocious bear¬
ers. The fruit is of fair size, flat in
shape, red striped and of a tart flavor
that is not especially liked for eating in
the fresh state, but is very good when
cooked. The apples keep quite well into
the Winter. h. e. v. d.
Potatoes Under Straw.
R. E. B., Strasbourg, Va. — 1 am going to
put my old orchard in corn this Spring,
and about one-half acre, between rows
(apple), in potatoes. The soil is sandy
underlaid with heavy clay and covered with
a heavy sod of Blue grass. How would it
do to manure soil for the potatoes, place
the potatoes in rows and cover deeply with
straw? Would this be as good as or better
than plowing ground and planting in regu¬
lar way?
Ans. — We should not try to grow
potatoes that way. Manure on sod is
not as good as fertilizer for this crop.
As for growing potatoes under straw
it is often done, but in every case we
have heard of the soil was plowed first
and the seed pieces covered with soil
and then with straw. We should con¬
sider it a good way not to do it to put
seed pieces on top of the ground and
pile straw over them. Plow the ground
first. Then if you want to try the
straw plant in shallow rows, close to¬
gether and put the straw on top.
THE KUKAb NEW-YORKER
January 28,
Planting and Handling Apple Trees.
G. H. S., Woburn, Miss. — I intend to set
out some apple trees. How late can I
set them, also how long can they be kept
after I receive them before I get them all
set out? Which is the better time to set
out, Spring or Fall? I do not wish to
plant and wait six or seven years and then
find I have something different from what
1 ordered, as I would then have to graft
and wait three or four years more.
Ans. — It will depend upon the growth
which these trees have started. From
choice we should plant the trees while
the buds are dormant. We prefer Spring.
In northern New Jersey this would mean
early April, but we have delayed plant¬
ing until the latter part of May. We
would rather not plant after the trees
have sent out fair-sized leaves, though if
the soil is moist and warm you can make
such trees live. When you receive the
trees from the nursery get them out of
the cases and “heel” them in. Dig a
ditch or plow a good furrow and put
the tree roots into it and cover with
soil, packing it firmly down. Keep the
roots protected from sun and air in this
way and you can keep the trees in¬
definitely. Regarding “substitution” of
fruit varieties, most of the nurserymen
who have been in business long are care¬
ful, but the best of them make mistakes
at times. We have planted over 3,000
trees, and as they come in bearing most
of them are true. A few nurserymen
will give some sort of a guarantee, but
no man can be “dead sure” to get every
tree right. We would not buy from tree
agents, and if possible avoid trees that
have been bought and sold by various
nurserymen.
Clover in the Silo.
I have a heavy clay loam farm and am
interested in making silage of Red clovei.
I would like an article on how to do it in
the best manner, as shown by the experience
of those who have done it.
TURNER BUSWELL.
The best way to obtain such an article
is to ask our readers to give their ex¬
perience. This they will do. As a rule
clover does not make very satisfactory
silage. Most dairymen seem to think it
pays best to feed the clover as hay and
fill the silo with corn. We shall be
glad to have the facts.
A Farm “ Limed to Death.”
D. D. C., Tidewater, Fa.— I have a farm
that has been "limed" to death with marl,
eo that it will not grow buckwheat a foot
high. What treatment would be best to
restore it to fertility quickly?
Ans. — It certainly is possible to injure
land by using too much lime — just as
we could ruin a crop with too much
water or too much air. Most crops pre¬
fer a slightly alkaline soil, but too much
lime hurts. To overcome the effect
of the lime you can use acid phosphate
freely or get some green crop started
and plow under in warm weather, while
the plants are soft and full of sap.;
Leave the soil loose and fermentation
will quickly start. Has anyone had act¬
ual experience?
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'j. get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
Sowing Fertilizers with Grain.
There has been a great deal said and
written on the subject of sowing ferti¬
lizers with wheat and other small grains.
In most states it is acknowledged that it
pays to use commercial fertilizers. Those
who have had the greatest experience
with these soil enrichers, agree that they
are difficult to handle, being very easily
affected by climatic conditions. That is,
they gather moisture, and, therefore, at
times become pasty and sticky. This
causes corrosion, gumming and cement¬
ing of the fertilizer feeds.' In order to
overcome this difficulty the makers of
the Buckeye Grain and Fertilizer Drill
have adopted a glass cone feed which
does not corrode. They have also lined
the fertilizer hopper with galvanized
iron, and provided same with an agita¬
tor which swings slowly in the fertilizer
hopper, keeps the fertilizer from bank¬
ing up and prevents lumps from causing
trouble. The prongs on this agitator
play over the hopper bottom and around
the non-corrosive glass discs, thoroughly
cleaning and scraping same. It makes
no difference what kind the fertilizer is,
the Buckeye is guaranteed to handle and
sow it in great range of quantities. The
Buckeye Grain Drill has many good
points not to be found on other drills.
The grain feed is of the internal type,
with two throats or feeding channels,
and change of quantity is obtained by
changing the speed of the distributor
wheel in the double feed cup. This feed
will sow all large seeds — Lima beans, red
kidney beans, peas, beets, oats — as well
as wheat and all other small grains. In
other words, there is no seed too large
and none too small for the positive force
feed of a Buckeye Drill, and the quantity
is under absolute control of the user at
all times. The frame is of square steel
tubing and furnishes a most solid and
substantial foundation for the drill. The
manufacturers, The American Seeding-
Machine Co., Incorporated, of Spring-
field, Ohio, will be pleased to send any
of our readers a Buckeye catalogue. We
would also recommend prospective pur¬
chasers to go to their local implement
dealer and insist on seeing the Buckeye
Drill, which is made in plain and ferti¬
lizer styles in single disc, double disc,
hoe and shoe.
3-3
Treat your
^ plants right!
Use, Sunlight
Double Glass
Sash
<— 1 » * and 0
for Hot -beds
and Cold-frames
Double G1&-SS Sa.sK
A y'a inch layer of dry still Air, between the two layers of
glass, affords ample Protection in the coldest weather.
This transparent blanket eliminates all mats,
boards or coverings of any kind, and does away
with the hard work.
Plants get all the light all the time
which makes them grow faster and sturdier and
puts them on the market weeks in advance of
those grown under single glass sash. Glass is held
in place without putty. Can’t work loose. Easily
replaced.
1 0 degrees below zero
tTilmer A. Lyon,Lyndonville, Vermont, writes:
“10 below zero. Plants under Sunlight Hash un¬
hurt, the sa»h were not covered." Write us for
Agents offer.
Get these two books :
1, Our free catalog. Containing freight prepaid
and guaranteed delivery
proposition.
2. Send 4c in stamps for a
valuable booklet on hot¬
bed and cold-frame gar¬
dening by Prof. W. F.
Massey.
SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO., (Inc.)
984 E. Broadway
Louisville, Ky.
FREE TO FARMERS
A Valuable 160- page book entitled
“SILO PROFITS”
Written by 200 of the most successful
Feeders, Farmers and Dairymen In
the World. Every farmer In
America should read this book, and
as long as our supply of these books
last we will mall one copy free to
each person asking for it. It gives
theaetual experience of these farm¬
ers and In their own words.
Our Factories are located at An¬
derson, Ind., Des Moines, Iowa, and „ _
Kansas City, ^ Write NOW P-ftfite11
Missouri. » Wa? for this book «JllO i rOlllS
INDIANA SILO COMPANY -
318 Union Budding, Anderson, Indiana
RAW GROUND LIME ROCK.
Will Not Destroy the HUMUS.
The Only Form of Lime that Can Be Used in
Stables Safely.
Write us for prices, etc.
p. IS. CONLEY STONE CO., Utica. N. Y.
NIAGARA BRAND
LIME AMD SULPHUR SOLUTIOH
The Ideal Combination Summer and Winter Spray
As a SUMMER SPRAY combined with Arsenate of Lead will control
APPLE SCAB and all other fungus diseases, CODLING MOTH and all
chewing insects, and leaves a much finer finish on fruit than that sprayed
with bordeaux mixture.
As a WINTER SPRAY for control of San Jose Scale, Oyster Shell
Bark Louse, Psylla, Aphis and all sucking insects, also Peach Leaf Curl.
Far Superior to Bordeaux Mixture and Much Cheaper
Tlio fut above shows Greening apples from tree sprayed with SEDIMENT from
NIAGARA BRAND LIME SULPHUR < HEAVY GRADE) diluted 2-30 with two pounds
of lead arsenato to fifty gallons. Scabby apples on the left; sound apples on t he right..
Obtained by Erret Wallace in this season’s experiments.
Two reports of the work done by Mr. Wallace under the Niagara
Sprayer Company Fellowship, will be published by Cornell University as
bulletins, 288 on Lime Sulphur Solution Injury, and 289 Results with Lime
and Sulphur as a Summer Spray. Copies of these bulletins may fie had by
persons who request them through the Niagara. Sprayer Compan} .
Write today for these Reports and our Catalogue and Prices on our line, which
consists of
Compressed Air and Gasoline Power Sprayers
Hand Pumps
Nozzles
Spray Rods
Hose and Fittings
Niagara Brand Lime Sulphur Solution
Niagara Brand Arsenate of Lead
Bordeaux Mixture
Tree Borer Paint
Sulphur
NIAGARA SPRAYER COMPANY
250
MAIN STREET, MIDDLEPORT, NEW YORK
Also Niagara Brand Spray Company, Ltd., Burlington, Ont.
[Make Boy’s Work
oi Plowing
Any boy old enough to drive can plow
as well as a man by using
WINNER PLOW TRUCKS
They hold plow 0^aIS
plowing. No more jerking
or iame backs. Easier on
horses, too. Draft is actually
iess because all weight is car¬
ried ou wheels instead of drag¬
ging on plow bottoms. Make
straight furrows, lay
them nicer, regulate
depth and width. Fit
any plow beam, steel or
wood. 1 J Days Free
- Trial. Money cheerfully
1 refunded if not satisfactory. Free cata-
_ log gives ail information. Write for it.
L. R. LEWIS. Box F, Cortland, N. Y.
SAW YOUR WOOD
? ■ — ■ - SAWS DOWN
TREES
With a FOI.UINO bAWJM) MACltUE. 0 (CUDS liy ONE NAN la
10 hours. Send for Free catalog No. E30 showing low price
and testimonials from thousands. First ordei secures agency.
folding Sawing Mach. Co. 1S8 E. Harrison St., Chicago) III*
Price
$10
HYDRATED LIME
in paper sacks, car-lots, for $7.00 per ton. Lime
Screenings in bulk, from best grade of burnt lime,
$5.00 per ton, f . o. b. cars any point between Buffalo
and New York on the main lines of the N. Y. Cen¬
tral, Erie, D„ L. & W., Penna., Lehigh, N. Y-, O. &
W. and C. R. R. of N. J. Order early before the
great demand sets in and delays shipments.
Address J. W. BALLARD CO., : : BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
Make Your Own Fertilizer
at Small Cost with
WILSON’S PHOSPHATE MILLS
From 1 to 40 H. P. Also Bone
Cutters, hand and power
for the poultrymen; grit
and shell mills, farm feed
mills, family grist mills,
scrap cake mills. Send for
our catalog.
Wilson Bros., Sole Mfrs., Easton, Pa.
PUMPS WATER WITH WATEI
Gives you “running water when and where
you want it.” No expense for power: no
trouble ; no repairs ; water raised in any quan¬
tity to any height. No trouble or expense to
maintain. If you desire, we will install a
and guarantee
_ m _ to put it in to
your entire satisfaction, fora
fixed sum, agreed upon in
advance. First cost is only cost.
Write us. Power Specially Co.
Ill Broadway, Mew York .
FOSTERS RAM
1911.
ROOT, HOG OR DIE!
One of our readers in Central New York
has two strong sows to farrow in March.
Ilis idea was to house and feed the pigs
well until about the first of May, or when
the pigs were a little over six weeks old.
Then turn the sows and pigs into a wood
pasture. This consists of 25 acres of tim¬
ber covered with beech and maple. Tibs
wood field is practically covered with yellow
lilies, and the whole ground is a mass of
roots. What will be the result if he turns
the sows and the pigs into this field, and
does nothing more to them until Fall except
to see that they have water and shelter?
I think the results of that man’s pig
raising would be very unprofitable. The
brood sows after the pigs were weaned
would probably summer in those woods
in fairly good shape, but the food they
would find there would not produce
milk enough to keep the pigs thrifty,
and when a pig gets stunted it is a
hard matter to get much growth, even
if well fed later on, and the young pigs
would certainly have to have something
better than lily roots to get any growth
on them. I would wean the pigs when
they are five or six weeks old, and feed
on skim-milk if I could get it, with
middlings added as they grow older.
If I could not get the milk I would use
wheat middlings 100 pounds, corn, rye
or barley meal 100 pounds, oil meal 25
pounds. If I used cornmeal would
add 50 pounds finely ground oats. I
would have two barrels to mix the slop
in and have one souring while I was
feeding from the other. If possible
as soon as I could I would put the
pigs on a grass lot, clover or Alfalfa is
best, but a June grass pasture will do
very well. Then if those beech trees
have a good crop of nuts in the Fall he
could turn the pigs in there as soon as
the nuts begin to fall, and they would
fatten on them very rapidly. He might
breed the sows for Fall litters, and they
would thrive nicely as long as the mast
lasted without any other feed.
Schuyler Co., N. Y. a. h. prince.
I have never had any experience in
that line, but remember in my boyhood
of farmers letting their hogs run in the
woods in search of acorns or beech
nuts, when the crop of corn was scarce.
But it seems to me that at the present
time, when the pigs can go to market at
an early date, or in other words at from
The: rurae
CATCHING A WEASEL AWAKE.
Heading of a Western skunk and his
work in a recent issue of The R. N.-Y.
reminded me to tell of my experiences late¬
ly. Something came to my ben coop about
two weeks ago and killed two grown pul¬
lets and crippled one. It got into the coop
through a very small opening, about a two-
inch crack. We set traps and caught two
cats, one the first night ande one the next;
then I took up the traps, because I didn’t
wish to cripple all the cats in the neighbor¬
hood. We did not think we would be both¬
ered any more ; thought we had all the
coops closed so that they would be safe. I
had about 60 half-grown chickens in two
small coops about 75 feet from the kitchen.
Our chicken yard is enclosed with welded
wire. I went out a few mornings ago to
feed, and on opening one of the small coops
found 26 dead chickens, every one a nice
one. Almost all were Plymouth Rocks.
They were all bitten in the very same place,
at the base of the head, and I reckoned the
thief must be very small, as he had got
through a knothole not more than 1 y2
inch in diameter that was in the back of
the coop about one foot from the ground.
I had the chickens taken away, except two
that I kept for bait, but I didn't think I
would be so lucky as to catch the thief. In
the afternoon my little boy saw something
run around the coop and called me. I
called a neighbor to bring his gun ; he came
in a hurry. We threw the coop over and
out popped a weasel, and the gun did the
rest. He was under the coop eating one
of the chickens I had saved for bait; had
been under there all day, I presume. It
was the first weasel I had ever seen, and
it wras hard to believe so small an animal
could do so much damage. jirs. c. b.
Virginia.
Piling or Broadcasting Manure.
I am having stable manure (from mules)
hauled out and put on the garden land in
small heaps of one load in each heap. A
friend of mine advises to broadcast the
manure. The land cannot be plowed until
the last of February or early in March.
M ould it be better to scatter the manure
and leave it lying on the ground until
Febiuary or March before it is plowed un-
dei, or put in small piles and leave until
ready to plow and then broadcast?
JMiijay, ua. $>. E_
If the soil is reasonably level without
any surface wash we would as soon spread
the manure all over. There will be little
if any loss, but if the garden is near the
house this spreading will be more offensive
than the piles. We think this matter of
spreading or piling is pretty much a ques-
• ,ot abor. where the land is level, There
will be but little loss. You will gain little
except time by spreading now.
M hen you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y . and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
NEW-YORKER
Motor Cars Have
Come to Stay
and it will pay any farmer who owns one to build a
concrete garage to house it in safety. A cement struct¬
ure, which is hre-proof, will materially reduce the fire
risk which attends keeping a gasoline car indoors.
The floor will not be injured by oil and water dripping
from the machine.
Complete Detailed Plans FREE
1— Concrete Walks 2- Troughs 3 -Porches and Steps
If you want instructions on how to build concrete floors, founda¬
tions, well curbs, posts, silos, tanks, dipping vats, cisterns or
concrete blocks, or anything else, write us at once, describing
fully just what you want to build.
W e invite correspondence on any kind of concrete work
and will write you individually, giving our advice and in¬
structions for obtaining the best results. This service is
free. The only expense to you will be the postage used
in writing us. Address the nearest office of the Company.
five to six months of age, they are the
most profitable. This can be done by
a little forcing with clover pasture
added. In regard to the woods pasture,
if there are so many lilies is it not wet
or the ground low, which would breed
disease? If not, perhaps he may suc¬
ceed with his venture, but would sug¬
gest a small ration of whole corn for
at least four or six weeks, scattered
on the ground. It would cause the
youngsters to hustle for their share,
and it is surprising how they will grow
on it. If this man makes a success of
his experiment, I would like to know
about it, as I have never been able to
get something for nothing, as he seems
to expect. eeias babcock.
Schoharie Co., N. Y.
I lack actual experience in pork pro
duction along the lines suggested i
your letter, but I consider weaning tim
the most critical period in a pig’s shoi
life, and any injury sustained at tha
time is seldom if ever outgrown ; there
fore I would hesitate to turn pigs o
that^ age into the Yvoods expecting then
to find their food, which would be si
entirely different from the dam’s milk
I consider the nearer we can keep t(
nature’s way in feeding, the better re
suits we may expect. I think this woo<
lot will do Yrery well for a hog pasture
and if sufficient feed and care are give:
ought to produce pork at a handsomt
profit. While writing this I have ii
mind a case which so clearly demon
strates the results of feed and care tha
I am going to give it to you. In Ma\
last I sold two pairs of pigs, one paii
equally as good as the other at wean¬
ing time. One buyer gave his plentj,
to eat, while the other thought he coulc
make pork cheaper to feed a little less
even if they didn’t grow quite so fast
I hey killed both pairs the same day
and when they were weighed the first
had produced I6OJ/2 pounds more pork
than the second. I found upon inquiry
that the former had used 300 pounds of
gram (at $1.50 per 100) more than the
latter. F c FIELDS_
Jefferson Co., N. Y.
CHEATED FOR YEARS.
Prejudice Will Cheat Us Often It We
Uet It.
You will be astonished to find how
largely you are influenced in every way
b\ umeasoning prejudice. In many
cases you will also find that the preju¬
dice has swindled you, or rather, made
you swindle yourself. A case in illus¬
tration :
“I have been a constant user of Grape-
Auts for nearly three years,” says a cor¬
respondent, and I am happy to say that
I am well pleased with the result of the
experiment, for such it has been.
Seeing your advertisement in almost
all of the periodicals, for a long time I
looked upon it as a hoax. But after
years of suffering with gaseous and bit¬
ter eructations from my stomach, to-
' gether with more or less loss of appetite
and flesh, I concluded to try Grape-Nuts
lood for a little time and note the result.
"I found it delicious, and it was not
long till I began to experience the bene¬
ficial qffects. My stomach resumed its
normal state, the eructations and bitter¬
ness ceased and I have gained all my
lost weight back.
"I am so well satisfied with the result
that so long as I may live and retain my
reason Grape-Xuts shall constitute quite
a portion of my daily food.”
Read “The Road to Wellville,” in
pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
Martin Fertilizers
again, in 1910, far exceed expectations in sales and
fTP-vesu *s' Farmers for 20 or more years using
fertilizers say they never had as good crops as with
Martin s: oats over 60 bu., wheat over 30 bu. per
acre with but 150 pounds. Agents are selling mnrp
MARTIN PURE ANIMAL BONE FERTILIZERS easier and in
less time than any they ever sold. Raw materials
th,e best ancl chlefly from our own 7 large
abattoirs and stockyards. We want active, re¬
sponsible agents at once. Farmers who have snare
YVrfre NOW th6 Winter c:in *0 their income^
Write NOW. Mention this paper
D. B. MARTIN CO„ 706 Penn Bldg., Pittsburg', Pa,
UNIVERSAL PcementD COMPANY
CHICAGO — PITTSBURG
Northwestern Office: Minneapolis
The Planet Jr No 72 two-
row Pivot- Wheel Cultivator, Plow, Furrowerand — ^
Ridger is the greatest implement ever invented for saving time and
money on large crops.
Works two rows at one passage, all widths from 28 to
44 inches, — and what’s more, works crooked rows, and rows
of irregular width ; and surprises everyone in check-rows.
Cultivates crops up to 5 feet high. Covers two furrows
of man uie, potatoes or seed at a time. Never leaves
open furrows next to plants. The Planet Jr is designed
and built by a practical farmer and manufacturer. It
simplifies the work and prepares for big results.
'Strong, compact and lasting. Fully guaranteed.'
Write today for 1911 illustrated catalogue of all ^ '
Planet Jrs, including 55 kinds of horse and
' hand implements for every farm and gar¬
den need. Mailed free.
S L Allen & Co ,.&g
Box 1I07V Philadelphia Pa1
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U.S. PATENT OFFICE.
. . . SOLELY MANUFACTURED BY . . .
*Ihe Rogers Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.,
?untlTTfo,r,Fl'ee Almanac telling all about
the Hubbard “Bone Base” Fertilizers.
HUBBARD’S
B?sE FERTILIZER
ALMANAC
19 11
Now ready for distribution.
Mailed free to any address.
January 28,
100
APPLES FOR WISCONSIN.
O. E., Green Bay, 11 is. — I would like an
opinion as to quality and adaptability to
the climate of Green Bay, Wis., of the fol¬
lowing apples, soil being clay, with quite a
slope to the east: Wilson Red June (for
filler), Delicious (for main crop), King
David (for main crop), Senator, Stayman,
Grimes, Magnet. 1 would like to find some
sorts of apples to be grown by up-to-date
methods for fancy trade.
Ans.— All of the varieties mentioned
in this list are good, and I may say
very good. Delicious and Grimes are
of the very highest character in quality,
and are also good bearers over the en¬
tire apple growing regions. The only
question in my mind about planting all
of those named is that of adaptability
to the climate of Wisconsin. It is too
cold I fear. Just across Lake Michigan,
to the eastward, there would be no
question of thip kind, for the lakie
has a very ameliorating effect on the
climate, but on the western shore the
cold winds from the prairie - regions to
the northwest are very severe. Occa¬
sional Winters are warm enough, but
every now and then the mercury goes
down to 30 degrees below zero, and even
lower, and then trees of all the ordin¬
ary varieties of the apples are almost
sure to be damaged, h. e. van deman.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
NEW YORK STATE FRUIT GROWERS’
ASSOCIATION.
1'aht II.
President Case is in Florida this Winter,
but he sent in his annual address, in which
he emphasizes the rare opportunities offered
by New York State to the fruit growers.
He said : “I want to say I am more than
ever convinced that certain sections of New
York State are the most favored sections
for fruit growing that there are in the
United States. They have more freedom
from frosts, more natural fruit soils, less
transportation charges to the large con¬
suming centers, and, best of all, we have
learned to get a profit from the waste
and culls from our product- Nothing is
thrown away. On the other hand we are
behind some sections in the care of our
orchards.”
Secretary-treasurer Gillett gave a very
encouraging report on membership and the
nnances of the association, and this was
followed by reports from the various stand¬
ing committees. The reports of the com¬
mittees on entomology and plant pathology
always give the latest information on con¬
trol of insects and fungus pests and are
alone worth going to these meetings to
hear. Dime-sulphur and arsenate of lead
seem to be best materials for general use
at present, although Bordeaux still seems
to have a place in controlling grape rot
and potato blight. It seems that the man¬
ner of application is more responsible for
lime-sulphur burning than weather condi¬
tions. Trees should be thoroughly sprayed
with a very fine mist but not drenched.
The condition of the leaves as to freedom
from injuries before the spraying and the
arsenical used are also factors in foliage
injury. Mr. G. E. Bassett, of Michigan,
spoke on ‘‘Michigan Orchard Methods” and
illustrated his talk with lantern slides. He
said New York and Michigan had almost
identical conditions. Nature has done her
best for these sections and it is now up
to us to do our best. Peaches are his
specialty. He heads low, 10 to 18 inches,
trains with an open head and prunes
regularly and thoroughly, beginning from
the time the tree is set. Thorough culti¬
vation, followed by a cover crop each sea¬
son, is practiced and regular fertilization
with bone and potash given. Production
should be restricted to the amount the tree
can bring to the highest degree of perfec¬
tion without taxing the vitality of the
tree. He said northern Michigan was de¬
veloping a profitable cherry industry and
told of the grower of sweet cherries who
met the California product with northern
Michigan cherries that sold for 25 cents
more per box on the Chicago market. 1 rof.
Wilson gave a talk on the packing of apples
and advised boxes for dessert varieties
only. He urged the necessity of better
grading of barrelled fruit as well as the
. importance of putting only the best fruit
in boxes. Prof. Hedrick spoke on “Fer¬
tilizers for Apples.” Experiments along
this line have been carefully carried on by
the Geneva Station for many yearB and the
conclusion reached is that other conditions
being proper, but little commercial fer¬
tilization is needed in western New York
apple orchards. • _ _ ,, .
Mr. Collingwood spoke on “The Cull m
the Package.” He urged organization
among growers to keep the culls out of
business and politics as well as out of the
fruit package. Prof. Pippin spoke on
"Drainage in Relation to Fruit Culture,
and urged the importance of thorough
drainage to fruit trees. He advised the
use of well burned hard tile only and
the matter of depth and distance apart
for drains depends on the soil and fall
that can be given. Do not lay tile in a
hardpan. Do not use too small tile. Mr.
Bassett, of Michigan, in his address on
“What Are We After and How Shall We
Get It?” made as his point the keeping
of the root system of the tree ahead of
the top by proper care and feeding and
scientific pruning of the top during the
growing season. Never let the trees over¬
bear. A conference of representatives of
the different fruit organizations of the
State resulted in plans to hold a big apple
show in Rochester the last week in Novem¬
ber and the first week in December this
year. Apples will be received in lots from
a barrel to carloads and the effort will be
to make it a big market as well as a show.
The R. N.-Y. has long stood for the pro¬
tection of the fruit growers against sub¬
stitution by nurserypien, and readers will
be glad to learn that the New York State
Fruit Growers’ Association has adopted the
following resolution : _
“Believing that the New Y'ork Fruit
Growers’ Association should encourage
honest nurserymen and discourage .dis¬
honest ones, it is declared to be the fixed
purpose of this association to protect its
members against the latter. Therefore, be
it resolved, that there be and is hereby es¬
tablished in the association a protection
fund under the following terms and con¬
ditions : ,
“Two hundred dollars of the funds now
in the treasury shall be set apart and
there shall be added thereto 10 cents of
the annual dues of each member, beginning
with those for the year 1911, such reserva¬
tion from the annual dues to be continued
until the fund shall equal $500, and there¬
after onlv in such part as may be sufficient
to retain' the fund at $500. The protection
fund shall be used for the protection of
members against flagrantly unfair dealings
on the part of nurserymen, especially in
the delivery of nursery stock that is not
true to name. To this end the executive
committee is authorized to prosecute or
aid in the prosecution of such nurserymen
in such cases and in such manner as it may
elect, provided that no action at law in any
case shall be begun and no money shall be
paid from the protection fund except by a
majority vote or by tlfp written consent of
a majority of the executive committee. No
one in the association shall in this behalf
Involve the association in any cost or ex¬
pense beyond the amount actually in the
fund. , . ,
“This resolution may be amended or re¬
scinded or the protection fund may be
turned into the general fund at any an¬
nual meeting, upon at least public notice,
only by a two-thirds vote, a majority of
the association being present and voting.
In furtherance of the purposes of this
resolution, all members are requested to
send to the secretary complaints of unfair
dealing. A record of these complaints shall
be kept in* a form always available for
reference, and an annual report shall be
made to the association on sueh reports if
the executive committee approves so doing.
Few nurserymen would care to have any
of their failings aired before this associa¬
tion, and this fund, even if it should never
be called into use, should afford consider¬
able protection to members.
The banquet Thursday evening was a de¬
cided success. Over 750 were present, and
many were turned away from lack of room.
Dean Bailey, of Cornell, was toastmaster.
Mr. Collingwood in his advice to young
men, said there were four things the young
man should strive to obtain ; a wife, a
home, a piece of land, and power. These,
said he, make the square that encloses all
that is worth living for. Honestly ac¬
quired, they make the gateway through
which a man may move out of this world
to a better one beyond without fear or
regret. He said he believed it was a mis¬
fortune for a boy to be born with _ a
rich father. The best farm opportunities
to-day are to be found in the Middle and
New ‘England States in his opinion, and
there is no longer a surplus of food but a
surplus of food consumers. The secretary
of the Michigan Bornological Society spoke
on “What Michigan -day Teach New
Y'ork.” Commissioner R. D. Pearson was
called on to take the place of one of the
absent speakers and was enthusiastically
received by the fruit growers. The other
speakers were Roland B. Woodward, secre¬
tary of the Rochester Chamber of Com¬
merce ; W. C. Barrv. president of the West¬
ern New York Horticultural Society, and
Hon. Samuel W. Smith, of Albany. Mr.
Smith's subject was “Can the Educated
Young Farmer Afford to Stay on the
Farm?” He said the young man could
afford to stay on the farm, and gave figures
showing what many men had done in west¬
ern New York in the past few years.
The following officers were elected :
President, Clark Allis, Medina ; first vice-
president, Samuel Fraser, Geneseo ; second
vice-president, Luther Collamer, Hilton ;
third vice-president. Prof. Chas. S. Wilson,
Ithaca ; fourth vice-president, C. H. Me-
Clew, Burt; secretary-treasurer, E. C. Gil¬
lett. Penn Yan. Executive committee : Frank
Bradley, Barker ; L. L. Morrell, Kinder-
hook; Chas. G. Porter, Albion; W. Ray
Teats, Williamson; Eugene Collamer, Hil¬
ton. G- R- s-
DAILY
OUTPUT
18,000
BBLS
YEARLY
OUTPUT
OVER
6,500,000
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
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ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
SAVE HALF Your
Paint
By using INGERSOLL PAINT - proved
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Only Paint endorsed by the ‘Grange.”
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INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
Tell* *11 about Paint and Painting for Durability.
How to avoid trouble and expense caused by paints
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuable information
fre* to you. with Sample Color Cards. Write me. DO
IT NOW. I can lave you money. *
0. W. Ingersoll, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, PS. Y.
“the golden streets of
the new Jerusalem”
One of our enthusiastic contestants writes: “What a grand time
we had at the Corn Exposition at Worcester! It was both en¬
joyable and instructive. In offering prizes as you did you have
greatly increased the interest in corn growing and thus advanced
New England agriculture. I hope you will keep right on doing
so. And after you have faithfully served your generation, and
dropped asleep with the fathers we farmers will adorn your casket
with prize ears of golden corn, which will not he out of place in
the golden streets of the New Jerusalem.” We propose to keep
right on, as will be seen in our
book of the corn contest, out today,
mailed free to any address. It tells how the 59 contestants grew
their corn and how they would do it again; also the analy ses of
different varieties of corn, and useful tables showing tlieii feeding
values. Even if you raise no corn at all, you will find these
results interesting and valuable for reference. It also contains an
announcement of the
prizes offered this year
and rules governing this year’s contest. Why not compete? \ ou
will be sure of a good, profitable crop with the Stockbridge any¬
how, besides standing a chance to win a substantial cash piize.
FERTILIZER COMPANY
BOWKER
43 CHATHAM ST., BOSTON, MASS.
1911.
ECHOES OF “DRY LAND” FARMING.
During the Summer and Fall months
of 1910 the number of Western cattle
and sheep received at the important live
stock markets has been considerably
larger than number received at the same
markets during the corresponding
months in 1909. The following table,
furnished by the Bureau of Statistics of
the United States Department of Agri¬
culture, shows the total shipment of cat¬
tle and sheep into Chicago during June,
July, August, September and October of
1909 and of 1910.
Cattle
1909
June ..180,484
July ..191,907
August 233,818
Sept... 278,422
Oet. . . . 292,963
1910
227.519
234,303
293.520
283,313
330,604
1909
Sheep
1910
301,024 326,414
362,698 442,283
419.849
533,656
597,177
569,828
685.765
895,519
From the figures given above, it
might appear to the reader that the pro¬
duction of cattle and sheep on the west¬
ern ranges is on the increase. What
the table actually does indicate, however,
is that the increased numbers of stock
sent to market, have depleted the num-
thk rural
exceptionally dry one throughout the
\\ est, and the growth of grass was cor¬
respondingly short.
Owing the the large numbers of stock
on the range that has been reduced in
area, and to the unusually dry season,
by the time late Summer had arrived
the range had already been grazed oft"
short, and but comparatively little grass
was left for Fall and Winter. Conse¬
quently, in order to winter the stock, it
would be necessary to purchase and feed
unusually large quantities of hay. In
response to this demand, the price of
hay soared. In localities where, two
years ago, $4.50 to $6 was considered a
fair price for Alfalfa hay in the stack,
the ranchers were asking from $10 to
$12 in the early Fall months of 1910,
and some were holding for even higher
price. The price of good mixed hay or
of Blue joint or Timothy hay, was even
higher than for Alfalfa hay. To pur¬
chase the hay that would be necessary
to carry the stock through the Winter,
at existing prices, would in many cases
NEW-YORKER
lOl
' ' “ "”V n ■
WKmmBm
ATYPICAL “DRY LAND ” FARMHOUSE.
bcrs of cattle and sheep in the herds
and the lambs left on the range. For
some time there have been several fac¬
tors operating gradually to decrease the
numbers of cattle in the West. In some
places, where thousands of cattle used
to graze, sheepmen have brought in their
bands of sheep and crowded the cattle
out. Another cause, which is responsible
for the decrease of both cattle and sheep,
is the recent interest in “dry land” farm¬
ing, and the new homestead law which
grants to homesteaders in the semi-arid
region, 320 acres, instead of 160 acres.
In one section of northern Montana with
which the writer is quite familiar, within
the last two years several hundreds of
homesteaders have taken up land, so
that at the present time many thousand
acres of the best portion of the range
has been fenced in for farming purposes.
Some of these new homesteads were
fenced in as early as 1909. The pasture
that year, however, was unusually good,
so that the effect of the reduced acreage
was not noticed very much. By 1910, not
only were there many more homesteads
fenced in ; but also the season was an
mean that the stock would “eat their
heads off" before Spring. Under these
conditions the only thing which many
of the cattle and sheep owners could
do, was to sell off stock which under
ordinary conditions would have been
wintered over. This is the reason why
so many more western cattle and sheep
have been received at Chicago, Kansas
City, Omaha, and other large markets,
in 1910 than in 1909.
I here will be less cattle and sheep on
the ranges next Spring than for a con¬
siderable number of years previously.
And in view of the conditions which
have been stated in the preceding para¬
graphs, it does not appear likely that the
herds and flocks will again be increased
to what have been the normal numbers
in recent years. If “dry-land” farming
can be successfully carried on, it is prob¬
able that considerably more land, that is
now unfenced, will sooner or later be
fenced in for grain farming. If this be
true, it would appear that in the future
less of our beef and mutton will be pro¬
duced on the free range pastures of the
West, and therefore more will have to
be produced on farms throughout the
LTnited States. m. w. e.
For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and
those who till it.” — Adv.
A live man in your neigh¬
borhood can create a good
business for himself by
selling our fertilizers.
They are rightly balanced
and blended to improve
both crops and soil. They
are well known and pop¬
ular, hence sell readily to
progressive farmers.
We are among the largest manufact¬
urers in the world. Our factories
never shut down.
Send for free Booklet and ask for
Agency today; address nearest office.
The American Agricultural Chemical Company
Baltimore,
Boston,
Buffalo,
Cincinnati,
Cleveland,
Detroit,
Jacksonville,
Los Angeles,
Philadelphia,
New York,
Savannah,
St. Louis.
HANDY GARDEN TOOL
Here’s a practical tool for the farmer or
gardener—our No. 6 Combined Double and
Hm anfl Dri11 Seeder!
Four toots for the price of one. It plants
rnl!H !i,2rA°intlnuo,"H rAwa' oovors the seed,
LT* T foil, marks the next row, hoes.
A" '! cu*tivates. Simple, easy to oper¬
ate, and does a day’s work In 60 minutes.
IRQNAGE^ 'L.
For 75 years wo have
made dependable tools
of quality for the
farmer, trucker and
town Hardeners. We
make 33 garden tools
_ at *2.50 to $12.00 each.
Write to-day for Anniversary Catalog
describing our entire line including
potato planters, cultivators, sprayers,
diggers, orchard and other tools.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
Box 1022 GRENLOCH. N. J.
Steel Wheels- 1
That’s So! Hired hands are
getting scarcer every day:
but LOW DOWN STEEL
WHEELS will help to take
their place. Then, too, the
,mn don't affect a steel wheel
| like it does the best of hired
‘help. More brain and less
muscle nowadays. Cata¬
logue free to you.
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.
Box 17, Havana, Ill.
NO ROOF REPAIRS
only
roofing
that never
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Slate. Does not
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- will not melt — not af-
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everlasting. SHELDON’ <3
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w the only material without an
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F.C.Sheldon Slate CoAmfeP..
ROOFING
freight prepaid
Get Direct
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THE BREESE BROS. CO..
Hoofing Dept. 11, Cincinnati, 0.
Sell One Horse
£?df?r *he sellin« Price buy a wagon that will pull one horse lighter.
I hat is if you are now using three farm horses you can get along with
two, if you are using four, three will do your work with a _
DavenporJLRoller - Bearing Steel Wagon
5000 Pounds Capacity
The Roller Bearing;.
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it, it is a money-saving and a money-making proposition for you.
In the Davenport you have a wagon guaranteed for 5000 pounds capacity, with gears
of solid steel, rolled into the strongest forms known and trussed like the modern steel
°"dS.e- * V1.eiWdfel!.are steel with strong, round spokes forged solidly into the hubs and
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Davenport Wagon Company, Davenport, Iowa
lOii
'F H fcC KUIRAL NEW-YORKER
J iiuuai j
Hope Farm Notes
I have been watching for some time in
The R. N.-Y. for a question that would fit
my case, but have not found one, so 1
ask you this : If you were a young man
of 18 who had been born and lived for 12
years on a farm in New York, then moved
to a city and had obtained a high school
education, and intended some day to have
a fruit and poultry -farm, liked that work,
and had .$2,000, what would you do/ If
vou had read considerable concerning the
numerous land booms all over the country,
but had decided upon either the New Eng¬
land States or Oregon, which would you
choose? And what part of the New Eng¬
land States? J- H* v-
If I were. 18! Well, I am not, and
for some few reasons I am rather glad
of it. But imagining 1 were in this
young man’s place with the conditions
he states I would settle in New Eng¬
land. Happily I am not asked to ex¬
plain why. I would locate either in the
Champlain Valley, in Maine, or in the
Connecticut Valley somewhere between
central Vermont and upper Connecti¬
cut. In selecting a location, distance
from market, price of land and its
character would be considered. If I
found a place where Alfalfa grows I
would if possible give it preference be¬
cause Alfalfa and corn are to be great
factors in future farming. I would
spend $50 or more of that money in go¬
ing slowly over that country looking at
farms and hunting particularly for
seedling apple trees and deer. The seed¬
lings indicate apple land— the deer in¬
dicate trouble.
In a recent R. N.-Y.. the Hope Farm
man proposed a commission for fixing prices
on farm products. Why not include all
products of labor, not excepting labor it¬
self? Then, in cases of dispute, let the
courts from the highest to the lowest fix
the prices according to varying conditions.
Barker, N. Y. L- D* M-
I did not know I had advocated such
a thing. I have talked about a Milk
Commission for New \ ork City, but it
is a big question, and 1 am not sure
about it. The argument for a milk com¬
mission is that in a great city like New
York there is little or no competition
possible. The city is on an island, milk
is perishable and the middlemen aie in
control. A commission if it did its
duty could regulate the price of milk to
consumers and state what producers
ought to get after studying the whole
situation. In a smaller way such a
commission could do what the Inter¬
state Commerce Commission does for
railroad rates. As New York is now
situated in the milk proposition I think
this would be a good thing, provided we
could keep this commission fair and
straight. In other lines of production
or labor where competition is possible
I should not favor commissions. There
is such a thing as having too many of
them.
Wbat is the best size of farm horse? I
have just bought a team winch weighs
about 2,300 pounds. I had almost closed
for a team weighing about -,800, but on
consulting with one of the most successful
farmers in this section, was advised that
such a team would be sluggish and would
tire quickly on plowed ground. w. A. M.
New Jersey.
1 think you were wise. The big 1,400-
pound horses are good for the West
or for large level fields. For our
smaller farms and rougher sections the
lighter and more active horses are bet¬
ter. I am looking now for a good farm
horse of about 1200. I would like a
cluinky-built horse, active and strong,
as I think that type is better for us
than the baby elephants which do so
well in the West.
\Ve have saved well towards $100 worth
of feed this Winter by putting all our corn
stover through a tornado cutter. This ma¬
chine puts the stalks in such shape that the
cattle eat it all, generally licking the man-
pnre nerfeetlv clean. The cows have held
up well In milk, too, with no other rough-
but of course, with & good grain ia-
tion' I judge by your Hope Farm papeis
that vou hive given up shredding your
stalks' and have often wondered _why, as
we have had such good results from the
practice for the past three Winters
Virginia. G-
Yes, we have given up shredding be¬
cause we changed our variety of corn.
We grow a small flint variety, selected
for some years to produce a small ear,
a slender stalk and much leaf. We
worked this out so as to have a low
growing corn for the young orchards.
These slender stalks of flint are eaten
as freely as coarse hay or millet. There
is little if any waste. If I were grow¬
ing the big dents again 1 should cer¬
tainly shred the stalks. I know it pays.
With our flint it does not pay.
We are just young in life, and like the
title L. Li. D., for our farm, and have also
decided to give our farm the degree ol
I>h. I).. onlv the h is a big capital, mean¬
ing poultry, horticulture, and domestic-
We think this will make a good title, to
raise the liovs and girls with poultry and
fruit. E- F-
West Virginia.
Poultry, horticulture and domestic
happiness makes a good Ph.D. title. The
'original of this is doctor of philosophy.
The man who stays by the hen until she
doctors the mortgage or the debt must
be something of a philosopher — but she
is capable of doing it if you humor her.
But do not forget the lime, legumes and
drainage too. These things will make
the hen contented, and that is the only
form of business hen there is.
In late Fall a trench is dug on one side
of each tree where there are few roots to
cut. and the tree is then pulled over to
the ground, covered with straw and tnen
with about three inches of dirt. Five men
do the work easily and quickly. He says,
further: “When planting the tree I shorten
the tap root and extend all roots in two
opposite directions in order that there be
no large roots to cut when I proceed to
bend the tree over to be covered.
A Long Island man sends that. Tt
is a newspaper clipping supposed to tell
how a Colorado man protects peach
trees in Winter. I met a man on
Grand Isle in Lake Champlain who put
down trees somewhat in this way. He
trained them to grow in a peculiar fan¬
shaped way, so they could be twisted or
turned over easily. He told me never
to put hay or straw around them, as
this would attract mice which would
gnaw the trees. As for planting a tree
so there will be no large roots where
you dig the ditch— I doubt it to say the
least. In New Jersey such digging or
cultivating would attract root growth.
Bakes from 1 to 16 Loaves at a Time— Each
Loaf well Browned, without Turning.
THE Sterling “ Has No Equal" Range bakes equally well in any part of the oven,
perfectly browning every loaf, without turning or shifting pans. The
is the one that you have seen in public demonstra¬
tions, baking “A Barrel of Flour with a Hod of
Coal " — 250 big loaves, with less
than 30 lbs. of fuel. We Have done
this over 1,000 times, at County
Fairs and in retail stores.
The secret of Sterling baking
supremacy lies in the auto¬
matic Oven Circulation
(evenly distributing the
heat), the Sterling
Flue System,
and the pa¬
tented Sterl¬
ing Grate
and
Firebox. Send for our book, which tells about the 20 Sterling
features that save fuel, time and trouble.
SILL STOVE WORKS,
Rochester
and Boston
Send your dealer's name.
Cut
Out
This
Coupon
&>MaiI
To-Day
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE in the finest fruit
crowin" and trucking section in the world;
fertile soil and fine climate:^ also a beautiful water
Farm and Home. — As 1 write the farm
is covered with a mass of mud. We
have had rain and fog for several days
until this January day reminds one of
late March. The rain has not helped
the wells much, for there is still a layer
of frost down below. The ponds are
filling up and the brooks are full. Our
drains appear to be working well, and
the soil on the lower farm ought to be
dried out and in working order early.
We have been hauling out our manure
and scattering it over the strawberries
and around the young peach trees. The
berry plants are in fine shape. These
big 'hill plants are firmly rooted, and
it would take a small earthquake to
throw them out. Many matted row
plants will be lifted out by the weather
we are now having. W e shall stick to
hill culture because our varieties do best
that way, because we can use the horse
freely and because we get larger berries.
I cannot say we get a larger crop— nor
do I think the plan would pay on lighter
soil or with varieties which naturally
make runners freely. . . • Another
thing we intend to make sure of, and
that" is a good supply of fuel. It is a
nuisance and disgrace for a farmer to
he obliged to stop farm work in Sum¬
mer to cut wood, or to ask the women
to use green wood. Right now is a
good time to haul wood to the house
and have it cut up and pyt in the shed.
. When it comes to pruning young
trees this Winter we go very easy. We
are to have the 17-year locusts with us,
and they will cut and slit the young
wood considerably. We shall, therefore,
let the trees alone until after the locusts
have gone— then we can Summer-prune
and shape the trees. But bear in mind
that this applies only to New Jersej'
where these locusts are due. In other
sections 1 would trim as usual.
I have recently had several letters from
people who ask if the fertilizer manu¬
facturers will buy hen manure. No,
there would be little chance of selling
it to them. They would not touch it
except in carloads or two-ton lots. It
would not pay them to handle small j
quantities. It is variable stuff anyway, 1
and it would be hard to get a fair j
sample that would represent the lot. ■
But why should a man ever want to !
sell hen manure? There is not one
farm in 10,000 that can afford to let
plant food go away. You cannot hope
to get more cash for the manure than
you can get by using it to grow crops.
I should never think of selling it. Get
it out on the garden or around the
voung trees and let the crops pay you
for it. . . . Our Florida folks seem
to be thriving. By the time this is read
I shall be down there, or at least on
my way, and we can get a better idea of
the State by looking at it than by think¬
ing. People are starting up all over to
ask about Florida as a place for a home.
When I go down I will try to find out
something definite. H. w. c.
rertiie soil anu iiuo
front farm with timber, tor full particulars ad* p. A nEb r>r^TC
dress SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury, BAfEK rUlo
Wicomico County, Maryland.
Sill Stove Works. 215 Kent St.. Rochester, N. Y.
Please send your book on Sterling Ranges to
My Name . . .
Address . State .
My Dealer's Name .
U/AUTCn AGENTS TO SELL FARMERS' ACCOUNT BOOK.
VV AW I HU Easy to sell. Big inducements. Act
Quick. Address. L. L. SYPHKRS. Ft. Wayne, lnd.
-Three-inch, $1.25 a 1,000;
_ — - four-inch, $1.75 a 1.000.
P. B. CROSBY & 80N, Catonsville, Md.
AN IHC MANURE SPREADER MEANS
NEW LAND ON THE OLD FARM
[HOUSANDS of people during the past year paid fabulous
m prices for new land — gave up their savings and their homes
and moved into unknown country just for the sake of securing
more productive property.
Hundreds of farmers found a better plan. They stayed at
home and invested a small part of what it would have cost them
to move to the new country in an I H C Manure Spreader.
Now in leisure time during the winter they are returning to
the soil the rich fertility that has been drained from it— making
new land out of old — putting it into condition to yield bumper crops.
With an I H C Spreader the manure can be distributed in the
proper amount required by the condition of the soil.^ A light
coat, where land is good, a heavy coat where it is most needed.
IHC Manure Spreaders have many exclusive features which
you ought to know about. Years of successful service has shown
their superiority. In buying an I H C machine
you are assured satisfaction for they are backed
by a company that cannot afford to risk its repu¬
tation by offering you anything but the best.
IHC Spreaders are made in three styles
Corn King — Kemp 20th Century —
Cloverleaf
in sizes ranging from 30 to 70 bushels capacity.
Corn King and* Kemp 20th Century Spread¬
ers are of the return apron type— Cloverleaf
Spreaders have endless aprons. Lime hoods
for spreading lime and drilling attachments
for distributing manure in rows are furnished
on special order.
Let the I H C local dealer tell you all about
IHC Spreaders and how you, too, can turn your
manure pile into money with one of
these simple, efficient machines.
Catalogues can be secured from
him, or, by writing for them.
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
OF AMERICA
Chicago (Incorporated) USA
IHC Service Bureau
The Bureau is a
center where the
best ways of doing
things on the farm,
and data relating
to its development,
are collected and
distributed, free to
every one interest¬
ed in agriculture.
Every available
source of informa¬
tion will be used in
answering ques¬
tions on all farm
subjects. If the
questions are sent
to the I H C Service
Bureau, they will
rfecelve prompt at¬
tention.
1911
Ruralisms
Failure of Prizetaker Onions.
ir. M., Michigan. — Twenty years ago I
started growing Prizetaker onions in a small
greenhouse ; we had for several years good
success. I have had numbers of onions
weighing two pounds and over ; one year
had about 150 bushels which averaged 50
onions to the bushel, but eventually they
commenced to grow iu several sections
like overgrown Potato onions, until finally
we gave up in disgust. I asked the opinion
of several seedsmen, but only one answered,
saying that the ground was too rich. I
don’t think that was the trouble, as the
sowed onions alongside were nice. Can
anyone give any advice in the matter, as I
would like to try them again?
Ans. This would appear a matter of
poor seeds rather than too rich soil. It
is possible so to overload the soil with
decaying or organic matter that even
the onion — a notoriously gross feeder — ■
will not thrive, but failure from this
cause would probably not take the form
of splitting up bulbs of the Prizetaker
type into sections like those of the
Potato onion, particularly as other va¬
rieties alongside grew in a normal man¬
ner. Well-selected seeds of the true
Prizetaker strain should give as good
results as in the past, except that the
shape may vary. Buy only of the most
reputable seedsmen, making a special
demand for true seeds, and try again.
w. v. F.
Cool Greenhouse for Roses.
8. C. M., Calla, O. — I wish to erect two
greenhouses 20x130 feet, open under gut¬
ter about 6% feet high, to grow Kaiserin
roses on solid bench iu Summer only, uo
heat to be installed at all. Will a solid
tile or concrete wall answer the purpose,
or would it be necessary to have glass
sides? How much could a person realize
each year from this plant after roses reach
good blooming size? About what should
such a greenhouse cost me?
Ans. — The cost of greenhouses varies
greatly according to the style of house
one builds, but houses of the size speci¬
fied would be likely to cost at least
eight dollars per running foot of length,
without any heating apparatus. The
easiest way to get at the cost would
be to correspond with some of the large
greenhouse builders of Chicago, who
would furnish an estimate of the total
cost of material, or would build the
house complete if required. If the walls
are to be 6*4 feet high, it would be
decidedly better to have two to 2]/2 feet
of glass. Continuous ventilators the en¬
tire length of the house would also be
needed on both sides of the ridge. The
question of profit from this investment
would depend upon the ability of the
grower and the condition of the market,
but 50 cents per square foot of space
occupied per annum would probably
equal the gross receipts of many flower
growers. w. h. tapun.
Celery Rust.
//., Sheffield, Pa. — Our celery crop for tlie
last two years lias been damaged by brown
oi rust-colored spots that appear on the
outer stalks. The leaves are not affected.
The plants have not been handled while
they were wet, uor has wet earth been used
in banking them up. During the Summer
they were irrigated by a stream of water
running in a small ditch between the rows
and two feet from either row. The celery
is of the Golden Self-Blanching variety.
I lease advise me fully as to the cause
and means of preventing this trouble.
A NS. The troublesome celery rust is
caused by either working in the celery
when the foliage is wet or throwing the
soil up to the stalks in very hot weather.
W lieu earthing celery in the early part
of the season we quite often have very
hot days and bright sunshine, and the
soil around the tender stalks becomes
very hot and in consequence burns or
rusts them. Another very annoying
trouble sometimes called rust is caused
by the well-known celery blight. When
the weather conditions are conducive to
the development of this serious affec¬
tion the leaves begin "to spot with the
brown patches, they turn yellow, wither
up, the plants continue to waste away,
and the ground about the celery is badly
affected with the disease. This soil so
THE: RURAL NEW-YORKER
affected is used later on for handling
and earthing up the celery, and the
germs of the blight are brought in con¬
tact with the tender or eatable portion
of the celery stalks, spotting or rusting
them to a very considerable extent, and
rendering them unsalable. This stage
of the pernicious blight will sometimes
develop after the celery is trenched for
Winter use. A change of soil each
year for the celery crop and the appli¬
cation of dry Bordeaux Mixture under
the foliage and around the plants is the
only practical remedy I have ever used,
and this usually proves effectual.
T. M. WHITE.
103
Melody is a new forcing rose now
making a fine impression on the Ameri¬
can trade. The flower is. a beautiful
yellow, shading to apricot in the center,
and the foliage is glossy and handsome.
It is of Irish origin, coming from the
same originator as Killarney. We do
not know its capabilities out of doors,
but a good rose of that color would be
welcome in the garden.
Reports from Indiana, Illinois and
Central Ohio state that practically all
of the California privet hedges were
killed down to the ground during the
Winter of 1909-1910, but they started
from below the surface in the Spring,
and made such a compact growth after¬
wards that great improvement resulted
from this necessary cutting back.
Meat-Eater : "I’ve tried nuts as food,
but they don’t seem to agree with me.”
Vegetarian: “What kind of nuts did
you use?” Meat-Eater: “Doughnuts.”—
Boston Transcript.
_ "’hen you write advertisers mention The'
R. N.-i. and you'll get a quick reply and
' a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
1911 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS
IO Years of Success
Kill the Bugs and
Save the Crops with
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead
(in Powdered Form)
The most effective and economical insecticide for all leaf-eating insects. Electro is
the only successful powdered arsenate of lead, because it is the only one in an amorphous
(non-crystalline) form. 1 lie only one that mixes instantly with water in such a finely
divided state that every drop of spray contains the right amount of arsenic. It cannot
be washed off by rain and will not injure the newest, tenderest foliage.
' e SlEirantee Jt to contain 30% arsenic oxide— 50% more than other brands— as
proved by Conn, and N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station tests. Write us for them.
Save Freight on Water — there is 40 to 60% ill all pastes. Put in the water at home.
We have the best Paste on the market and will prove it if you prefer
Arsenate of Lead in this form. ^
If your dealer cannot supply, write us for prices and statements from
successful growers in your section.
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL CO.
33 Church Street, New York
FRIEND FRUIT GROWER: Uncle Sam says
> oil must spray. Users of the Deyo are relieved
tioni experimenting. After ten years of service the
Deyo is still giving perfect satisfaction. Our cus¬
tomers are our reference, ask the user. We sell
direct to you. Deyo pays all freights to Missis¬
sippi River shipping points. Write for catalogue 19.
DEYO-.MACEY ENGINE CO., Binghamton, N. Y
“ ONE FOB ALL,” No. 1
Wool prease- Arsenate of Lead, Lime and
Sulphur. Both a Contact and Poison
Spray. An Insecticide and Fungicide.
Positively the Only Thing Needed for all Pests or Fungus
A tonic for vegetation. Sick trees made well •
old trees rejuvenated to youthful vigor ; better
foliage; larger and more abundant fruit. Neither
sucking or chewing insects nor fungus will attack
wood that has One For AH” upon it. After one
fall spraying no dormant spraying will be needed.
Spraying confined to the growing season. Scale
exterminated. Positive evidence from practical
growers furnished upon application.
Prices, F. O. B. New York
Barrels, 425 lbs . 05c ner lh
100 lbs . . 06 “
•»}* . :06k
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
Established 1852
Front Street New Yorfe
Fruit Growers !
Bowker’s
Lime- Sulphur
is absolutely
pure
No salt or caustic being added, every
drop is effective against the San Jose
and other scales, destroying mosses,
fungi, etc., and thoroughly cleaning up
the trees without injury.
e
Write for special prices, stating number
of trees to be sprayed.
ROWIfFP INSECTICIDE COMPANY,
* * XV.C.JV 43 Chatham St., Boston, Mass.
Manufacturers of Arsenate of Lead; also Bowker’s
PYROX” the one Best All Around Spring and
Summer Spray for fruits and vegetables.
You Can Depend on These Sprayers
Don’t waste your money on nneertain sprayers- the
kina that are often out of order. The
largest fruit growers nse the “Bardie”
because it’s a sprayer with the
trouble left out.
This Hardie No.
2 PowerSprayer
has 100 gal. tank,
all brass pump,
1) h. p. engine.
Weight 7001 bs.
I Price $180.00.
The '
Hardie Sprayers
are made in 20 different sizes and
styles ; prices *3.00 to $300. Our cat¬
alogue describes these sprayers,
and shows you the best way to
spray. It’s free. Send for a copy.
STHE HARDIE MFG. CO.
942 Mechanic St., Hudson, Mich.
■Iso 49 No. Front 8t. , Portland, Ore,
Hand Outfit
“KANT-KLOG”
SPRAYERS..
Something New
Spraying
Guide pree
Gets twice the results — --Sa?:
with same laborand fluid. 1
Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays
from same nozzle. Ten styles. For >
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing,
etc. Agents Wanted, Booklet Free.
Rochester Spray Pump Co. ^SSSUSS.
A PERFECT STAND
[ Of potatoes is what you will gut with good
seed and an Iron Age Planter. It plants 100
per cent, without nti8sos or doubles or In¬
jury to the seed. Every seed piece placed.
Just right, at even epaces and covered uni¬
formly. The boy pays for bis labor 10 to 20
I times over, and the planter pays for itself —
ask any user. With or without fertilizer distributor.
Farm and
Garden Tools
IRON ME
hav* “made good” and proven their
superiority for 75 years. Send
postal to dav for our Anni¬
versary Catalog— it tells all
about our Potato Planters,
Cultivators, Diggers, Spray¬
ers, Garden Tools, Wheel .
Hoes, Drills, etc., and ia -
FEES Don’t delay.
BATEMAN M*F»0 CO.
BOX 1036 ORENLOCH. N. J.
War _ ✓ v /*- z.
CDD AV f-£?.p,VT'.NlWITH THE insecticide act of 1910
* IvM T U WILL PAY YOU TO USE EITHER
PASTE OR P0WDERE^^'*3
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS andAGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
“ RIGHT PRICE and material
^ UU^FUNGICIDE andINSECTICIDE
|T - ^
iiTrraiiMTnyA _ _
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
H BAYVIEW A V E..JERSEY CITY N J
WRITE FOR PRICES. CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED’
‘SCAlKudE”
I w‘*1 POfjtively destroy SAX JOSE SCALE and all
solt bodied sucking insects without injury to the
I tree. Simple, more effective and cheaper than
Lime Sulphur. Not ail experiment. One gallon
makes 111 to 20 gallons spray by simnly adding water.
Send for Booulet, “Orchard Insurance.”
B. 6. PRATT CO., SO CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY.
GET THE BEST
A Good Spray Pump earn!
big profits and lasts for years,
THE ECLIPSE
is a good pump. As
practical fruit grow¬
ers we were using common
sprayers in ourown orchards
— found their defects and
invented the Eclipse. Its
success forced us to manu¬
facturing on a large scale.
You take no chances. We
have done all the experi¬
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog
and Treatise on spraying FREE.
MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor. Mich.
HURST SPRAYER
1* on FREE TRIAL
r So money In advance — pay us out of extra
profit. Sprays any thing— trees, potatoes, vine¬
yards, truck, etc. Pushes easy— high pressure.
Guaranteed 5 years. Pay when you can— at
Wholesale price. We pay freight. “
Catalog and Spraying Guide free.
Free Sprayer Offer
to fl r s t in
your locality.
H. L. HURST
Mfg. Co., ooi
281 NORTH ITREET,
CANTON. 0.
AS POTATO SPRAYER ™ AS ORCHARD SPDAYfR
48 Million Shortagi
Government statistics show there were
48,000,000 bushels less of potatoes grown
In the United States last year than
iu 1909. This with Increasing popu¬
lation must necessarily make a
larger demand for potatoes in 1911.
No crop as a
Money Maker ___
equals it, and the information showing how to grow
for protit will be mailed absolutely free to any one
asking for it. Our president has devoted over fifty
years to the study of potato culture and the manufac¬
ture of machinery for handling the crop in all stages.
aspinwall manufacturing CO.
437 Sabin Street, Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.
_ World’s Oldest tin 'I Largest Mahers of Potato Machinery.
January '-JX,
104
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER.
A Nktlonal Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Home*.
Established 1850.
J weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, New York,
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or 8*2 marks, or lO1^ francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timi
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash must accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in our columns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but wedo not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers ana honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
THE RURAL, NEW- Y ORKER
companies to just about cut their rates in two. The
robbery practiced all these years upon the Canadian
people is no greater than that on this side of the line.
The same conditions exist here. The money now
being used to fight parcels post was stolen from the
American people by the express robbers. We have alt
contributed to the fund now being used to deprive us
of our rights.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
W. J. Dougan, the $9 hen man from Jersey doesn’t
intend to be called a bluffer. Here he is on page 113
with a square-cut proposition for the cow men to con¬
sider. He means business, and will be there with the
hens. Now if the cow men are also ready to toe the
mark, The R. N.-Y. will help arrange details and see
that hens and cows get a square deal. We can hardly
think of any more interesting or instructive contest
than the one suggested by Mr. Dougan. Now gentle¬
men, drive up the cows !
❖
I received the copy of ‘"The Business Hen sent me. It
came just as I was beginning to have trouble from colds.
What to do and how to do it was in “The Business Hen.
This is the best manner 1 know of telling you how highly
I prize that little big book. w- c- T-
Virginia.
The “little big book” is giving great satisfaction. In
these days of big stories and systems practical in¬
formation is in greater demand than ever. Just read
Prof. Jtfmes E. Rice’s chapter on “Breeding the Busi¬
ness Hen.” Where can you find any other entire book
which gives more real information about developing
a flock of layers? If you do not find it in “The
Business Hen” call for it and we will get it if possible.
*
Gov. Wilson of New Jersey comes out squarely for
primary elections. He favors the laws enforced in
Oregon :
They seem to me to point the direction which we must
also take before we have completed our regeneration of a
government which has suffered so seriously and so long as
ours has here in New Jersey from private management
and organized selfishness. Our primary laws, extended and
perfected, will pave the way: They should be extended
to every elective office, and to the selection of every party
committee or official as well, in order that the people
may once for all take charge of their own affairs, their
own political organization and association ; and the meth-
ods of primary selection should be so perfected that the
primaries will be put upon the same free footing that the
methods of election themselves are meant to rest upon.
There you have the whole story. If Gov. Wilson
does nothing during his three years in office but ham¬
mer that home he will do New Jersey more good than
any other Governor now remembered in history. Jer-
seymen will back him up if he will stand to his guns.
Lying between two great cities and overrun by wealthy
and selfish non-residents, New Jersey has fallen a
victim to a mean set of political crooks. The people
want a leader to set them free, and freedom can only
come through primary nominations. Just keep your
eye on New Jersey.
Canada has a Dominion Railway Commission much
like an Interstate Commerce Commission, but with
wider powers. Telegraph and express companies are
subject to it. The Canadian express companies are
largely owned by the railroads, and have been charg¬
ing extortionate rates. On complaint largely of fruit
growers in the western part of Ontario this Dominion
Commission has been investigating the express busi¬
ness. Here is a sample of what they found. The
Canadian Express Company when bought by the Grand
Trunk railroad in 1S92 was valued at $60,000. The
railroad paid $662,000-the $600,000 being for the fran¬
chise. There are now over $3,000,000 worth of stock
outstanding, while the tangible assets are said to be
$212,719. During seven years this company paid near a
$8,500,000 to the Grand Trunk railroad this being
about 55 per cent of its total revenue— taken from
the Canadian people. As a result of its investigation
the Dominion Commission has ordered the express
LET THE COWS PROVE IT.
A serious condition, without a parallel in cattle
breeding, has arisen in the Guernsey Cattle Club.
Two Guernsey cows, Missy of the Glen 18390 and
Glenanaar of the Glen 23619, both owned by Henry
A. C. Taylor, were tested at Glen Farm, near Newport,
R. I. Their reported yields of milk and butter fat
were so remarkable that both cattle breeders and
scientific men felt that they could not be possible, but
that some serious mistake had been made. The Guern¬
sey Cattle Club first took the matter up and made an
examination through its executive committee, which
advised a continuation of the test. It was finally de¬
cided to appoint a special committee of three to go
over the records and the evidence and report. This
committee met on September 30 to make its repoit,
wlitn counsel for Mr. Taylor appeared and informed
the officers of the club that if the committee took ad¬
verse action against the record of these cows he was
ordered to serve an injunction restraining such action.
This injunction was finally served, and under it the
club was ordered not to publish- “any such record of
cows in the advanced registry of said club" without
including the record of the cows in question. This
injunction was finally made permanent, and under it
Mr. Taylor sought to hold up all the records unless
those of his two cows, which were questioned, were
included. The Guernsey Cattle Club is one of tlie
most honorable organizations of breeders in the
world. It faced the situation manfully, printed a full
report of the proceedings and evidence and added the
following :
The Executive Committee, believing that the value of
these records does not justify the Club in incurring the
expense necessary to defend this action, and to avoid
further delay, have decided to publish the records as
ordered by the Supreme Court of New York. They submit
the whole evidence for the information of the club as
printed herewith.
This is the first time in the history of this organization
that anyone has questioned its ability to settle its own
affairs, and it is a matter of sincere regret to the Executive
Committee that a member should he so entirely without
confidence in the justice of the Club's officials as to
invoke the assistance of the court.
It also printed the reported records of those two
cows, but with this comment, “Published by order of
the Supreme Court of the State of New York.”
This leaves the matter in a very unsatisfactory shape.
Mr. Taylor must see that while he has, by injunction,
forced these records upon the Club’s register, there will
be a question mark after them so long as they carry
the brand of that comment. Judges of the Supreme
Court can hardly be called Guernsey cows, yet Mr.
Taylor must see that as the matter stands they as well
as Missy and Glenanaar are responsible for the record.
Under the circumstances we do not see how the Guern¬
sey Club could have acted otherwise. It is a serious
situation in the history of the Club, and we think Mr.
Taylor could readily settle it. Our suggestion is that
he conduct a new test. These cows are better qualified
to make a new record now than they were before.
Why not conduct another test, making it absolutely
open and free, with competent men to conduct it? No
doubt both Missy and Glenanaar would “come hack”
and absolutely prove their previous record. If the
record of a horse or a man , an auto or a yacht for
speed or skill were questioned the most natural thing
would be to call for another trial. “Coming back” is
absolute proof. That is why we suggest this plan
to Mr. Taylor. It will prove him to be not only a
good sport, but a genuine friend of the Guernsey
cow, for in no other way can the present controversy
be fully disposed of.
that every man who signs such a joint note can be Held
for the entire amount if he is responsible. Thus you
will see that if four or five men with some property
put down their names it will not make much difference
who the others are. The horse company is sure of its
money under such conditions, and the price of the noise
is usually excessive. In the case mentioned $1,500
would probably be a fair price for the horse, yet by
selling in the way described the horse company will
get $2,400 with six per cent interest on a sure thing.
The R. N.-Y. is glad to print the facts in such deals.
It is sometimes hard to get them, for many farmers
hesitate to come forward and make a statement over
their own name, as Mr. Morse has done. That is
where they make a mistake, for the only safety in such
deals lies in letting the sunlight right into them and
holding them up for all to see. If anyone wants to
defend this plan of selling a stallion he may have a
fair amount of space in which to do it. A good many
horses have been sold in this way. < We hear of a case
where a man who signed such a note was forced to pay
$600 finally. If any such horses have paid out “with¬
out costing a cent” here is a fine chance to let about
300,000 people know the facts !
“He shall call upon me and I will answer him ; 1
toil l be with him in trouble — Psalm XCI.
We are obliged to put the Hon. John W. Dwight of
New York State in the list of gentlemen who cannot
get “careful consideration” out of this system. One
of our readers wrote Mr. Dwight asking him what he
intended to do for parcels post. This mail referred
the Congressman to Psalm XCI for his guidance— a
part of which is quoted above. In some 200 words Mr.
Dwight manages to say nothing at all — including the
following dignified remark:
“The subject must necessarily have very careful and
grave consideration.”
“.Grave” is a new one to us but it goes well with the
others, for “careful consideration” certainly points a
warning finger to the political graveyard. Mr. Dwight
can hardly expect his constituents to be “with him in
trouble” when they think more of parcels post than
they do of him. But what do we expect a man to say
instead of “careful consideration?” He ought to come
out squarely and say that he favors parcels post or
else say he does not. Is “careful consideration” so
fixed in Mr. Dwight's system that he cannot say “yes”
or “no?”
*
Quite a number of our readers are taking up this
plan of writing articles for their local papers on par¬
cels post. Some of these articles are very good — clear
and right to the point. This is fine work. The ene¬
mies of parcels post are filling these papers and flood¬
ing the country with printed circulars and petitions.
We must offset that work with personal letters. Your
local paper is supported by its readers. It would have
no life or value but for its subscribers. It ought to
represent them, and will have to do so if they will
assert themselves and make their wants known on
parcels post. There is a good opportunity for them
in this. Here is a sample of what they write taken
from the New Milford (Conn.) Gazette:
To have our mailcar-rier drive up with practically no
weight and leave a notice that there is a package in the
express office (postal rates on same prohibitive), for
which we must drive twice as many miles as we .live
from said express office, is maddening in a busy time. Or
to have some small part of some farm implement break
■nihile in use and needed, and be compelled to wait for it to
come by express, drive to town a second time after it, and
find added to the cost a charge several times greater than
the cost of the article, while our mail box is daily clut¬
tered with advertising matter, sample copies, etc., for which
we have no use, but which our postoffice is carrying be¬
low cost, is not only asking for bread and getting a stone,
but being compelled to pay for the stone.
We invite a careful reading of the article on first
page this week. Many of these horse deals have been
put through — some in the way here described and some
with a little different plan. The point is that when a
farmer signs that subscription blank he is bound to
take the share in the horse. He is equally bound when
he signs either to pay cash for his share or to sign
such a note as was presented to Mr. Morse. When he
signs that note he is held for all or part of the entire
amount. Many a man without giving much thought
would conclude that if 11 others signed with him he
would he held for only one-twelfth of the amount.
As he paid nothing for his share and was told that
the horse would really cost nothing one can see how
easy it would be to obtain signatures. The fact is
BREVITIES.
Dairying and sheep raising seem to be coming up in
Maine.
Has anyone ever found a real remedy for the potato
fiea-bettle?
Wanted, English sparrows in New Jersey this season to
fight the 17-year locusts.
This year the world will need about 20.000,000 bales
of eotton to provide “cotton goods,” and the United States
will be expected to contribute about 13,500.000.
A new one for “The Business Hen.” There were recently
received in Montreal, Canada, 10,000 gallon tins of eggs
from Russia and China. Each gallon contained 10 dozen
eggs.
‘•We hope you will cross-question W. .T. Dougan about
these $9 hens until he gives up the facts,” says H. .7.
That is what we are after, and if our questions do not
bring results you may try it.
Dr. Reichmann, New York State Superintendent of
Weights and Measures, says that all railroads operating
in the State should have a scale inspection law. All manu¬
facturers of scales operated here should be required to
furnish a bond to the effect that their scales are true.
106
1911.
NEW YORK STATE AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
Governor Dix earned for himself the
enthusiastic approval of the farmers at
the annual meeting of the New York
State Agricultural Society meeting in
Albany last week in several strong state¬
ments of policy. First of these was his
unqualified demand for a parcels post. “I
believe,” he said, “in doing away with
the profits of the middlemen and secure
the benefits for the producer and con¬
sumer.” He suggested a committee to
meet in Albany with the Chamber of
Commerce and other organizations to
find means to get products of agriculture
to the consumer with less profit to the
middleman. . He said he wanted to meet
such a committee and do what he could
to further its work. It was a plea for
a large share of the consumer’s dollar.
The Governor also said he was prepared
to encourage the teaching of agriculture
in the common and high schools of the
State. He has a plan to ask the grad¬
uates of the agricultural college who
get their education at the expense of
the State to teach and lecture for a
week or more in their local schools and
home neighborhoods. His hearers were
impressed with the evident sincerity of
Governor Dix in his assurances of help
in the promotion of the agricultural in¬
terests of the State.
President G. C. Creelman of the On¬
tario Agricultural College, Guelph, Out.,
injected a brand new thought into the
agricultural educational methods of this
State in recounting a Canadian experi¬
ence. His observation was that the grad¬
uates of medical colleges and of the law
schools devoted their time and energies
after graduation to public services, while
the graduate of the agricultural college
was expected to take up individual farm¬
ing on his own account. In Canada they
believe the agricultural graduate should
have an opportunity to work in the same
way for the community, to do those
things for the farm community that the
individual farmer cannot do for himself.
The experiment was tried the first year
of putting six young men into six dif¬
ferent counties with instructions and
means for renting and furnishing a room
in the town, where farmers may call for
papers and bulletins, and such informa-
tion as they may need. The young man in
the rural
charge teaches agriculture four half days
in the high school, and for the remainder
of the work drives out to the farms and
there confers with the farmer and sug¬
gests improvements, and often helps the
farmer put the improvements under way.
Pie helps plan new buildings and im¬
provement of old ones; furnishes plans
of drainage and various other improve¬
ments. The work has been so success¬
ful and profitable that they now have
15 men doing this work, and each of
these now requires an assistant during
five months of the year.
Mr. N. P. Hull, Master of the State
Grange of Michigan, made a strong
plea for the conservation of farm fer¬
tility. He is afraid that at our present
pace consumption will outrun production,
and that the people will go hungry and
become the victims of waste.
The meeting is in progress as we
close our forms, and further reference
must be deferred until next week. In
many respects it was one of the best
farm conventions that we have ever at¬
tended. The spirit and the interest was
distinctively and sincerely agricultural.
There was none of the throwing of
bouquets that so often prevails in meet¬
ings of the kind ; but a sincere purpose
to discuss problems as they exist and to
find a remedy for them. The farmer’s
share of the consumer’s dollar was the
prevailing subject. It came up in every
session, and in some way in practically
every discussion, besides absorbing the
entire attention of the convention for
one whole day.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — Joseph de Champlain,
president of the New England Investment
Company, a holding corporation, capitalized
at .$500,000, was arrested at Manchester,
N. II., January 11, charged with fraudulent
use of the mails. The corporation owns
and controls seven different companies, sup¬
posed to be operating in various parts of
New England, with an aggregate capitaliza¬
tion of $685,000. Stockholders in the con¬
cern are numbered by the thousands, be¬
ing mostly working people. Alluring prom¬
ises were made by De Champlain to float
the stock of the concern. “Notwithstand¬
ing the fact that no surplus had been
earned, the company declared dividends last
year of 25 per cent., fraudulently report¬
ing to the stockholders a profit for the year
of $230,000. The corporation during that
period was receiving enormous sums for
stock through efforts of its own agents,
and as a result of advertisements inserted
NEW-VORKER
in the publications of the Le Reveil Pub¬
lishing Company, one of its subsidiaries,
which contained many statements not borne
out by the facts.”
Fire in a factory building at 108 and
110 Duane street, New York, January 11,
caused a loss of $150,000, and resulted in
injuries to five firemen.
Fire in the Chamber of Commerce build¬
ing, Cincinnati, O., January 10, caused
heavy loss, and the death of six persons.
January 12 i spectacular fire destroyed
the fifth and sixth lloors of the building
occupied by Thos. Cook & Sons, the tour¬
ist agents, opposite City Hall Park, on
Broadway, New York. The fire, which
caused a loss of about $100,000, was ex-
tremely_ spectacular, and was watched by
about 25,000 people, being at the time when
business houses were closing. A number of
persons in the burning building had to
leave by the fire escapes.
Opinions by Hannis Taylor and William
L. Chambers that the. bequest by the late
Mary Baker G. Eddy of $2,000,000 to the
First Church of Christ, Scientist, of Boston,
is forbidden by the laws of both Massa¬
chusetts and New Hampshire are expressed
in documents given out January 12, and
signed by these men. as well by original
counsel for George W. Glover and Dr. E.
J. Foster Eddy, namely, William E. Chand¬
ler, John W. Kelley and De Witt C. Howe.
De Witt C. Howe, attorney for George W.
Glover, Mrs. Eddy’s son, filed with the clerk
of the Superior Court a petition in equity
setting forth that Mrs. Eddy’s will was il¬
legal and praying for a construction there¬
of. It also asks that Henry M. Baker be
enjoined from paying out any money on
account of the estate until legal questions
are settled and that Josiah E. F'ernald,
resident trustee of the Eddy property, be
enjoined from allowing any of the $2J)00,-
000 of property which he has possession of
to be taken outside this State.
Three indictments against Charles J.
Knapp, former president of the Binghamton
Trust Company, were returned by the
Broome County (N. Y ) Grand Jury Janu¬
ary 12. Each charges him with criminally
receiving deposits in the Knapp private
bank at Deposit on April 9, 1909, knowing
the bank to be insolvent. Pleas of not
guilty were entered and $2,000 bail was
furnished. Two indictments were returned
against Mr. Knapp in May, 1909. He was
tried last November in Cooperstown under
a change of venue. Justice Gladding di¬
rected a verdict of acquittal on the first in¬
dictment and dismissed the other, which
District Attorney Meagher refused to move
for trial at that time.
As a result of a rear end collision be¬
tween two passenger trains on the New
York Central Railroad at Batavia, N. 1’.,
January 13, five passengers are dead, and
20 injured, two of whom are not expected
to live. The railroad officials say that the
accident was due to the engineer of the
second train running past signals.
German and English firms that lost
heavily by reason of forged bills of lading
issued by the bankrupt cotton firm of
Knight, Yancey & Co., of Decatur, Ala.,
brought suit January 14 against the South¬
ern Railway and the Louisville & Nash¬
ville Railway in an effort to recover their
losses. The amount sought to be recovered
is more than $200,000. It is charged that
the. officers of the roads were aware that
Knight, Yancey & Co. were issuing forged
bills and that the railway officials con¬
nived at the fraud. It is asserted that the
fraud would have been discovered quickly
but for the connivance of the railway of¬
ficials. It is charged that Knight, Yancey
& Co. had been uttering the spinner's bill’s
-for five years before the fraud was dis¬
covered and that nearly half a million
bales of cotton were involved.
After a tramp of 1,200 miles almost
without food over frozen wastes, 15 geo¬
logical surveyors under Prof. James Macouu,
sent out by the Canadiau government, have
reached Gimli, Manitoba. The party set
out in the steamer Jeanie from Montreal
in September, 1909, and until September
9 of last year all went well. At that time
they were at Wagner inlet when a sudden
storm came up and wrecked the Jeanie.
The geologists and crew managed to get
safely to shore, but from the far north
end of Hudson’s bay they had to trudge
1,200 miles to Fort Churchill, where they
received the food they needed badly. At
the time of the shipwreck the majority
of the men weer asleep in their cabins.
Several of them swam ashore, to shiver in
their wet clothes while they organized for
the trip to civilization.
Twenty-six men were Injured, two fatally,
by the explosion of .a stick of dynamite in
the Southwest land tunnel under the lake
at Chicago January 16. A workman who
hit the dynamite with a pick caused the
explosion. The tunnel which is under
construction leads to the Seventv-first street
crib, in which seventy men were killed dur¬
ing a fire on Jan. 20, 1909.
Fire which destroyed the three-story
wooden sporting goods factory of Draper
& Maynard at Plymouth, N. II., January
16, seriously threatened the business sec¬
tion of Plymouth. The factory, machinery
and stock were valued at $125,000. Four
hundred persons were employed at the
plant.
A bill for the segregation of Asiatic
pupils in the public schools of California
has been introduced in the Btate Legis¬
lature by Assemblyman Hall, Democrat, of
Bakersfield. It provides that education
boards must establish separate schools for
children of Mongolian. Chinese, Japanese,
Malay or Hindu descent by providing sep¬
arate buildings or separate rooms in the
same buildings. Indian children are also
included in the ban. The bill further pro¬
vides that no adult Indian. Chinese, Japan¬
ese, Malayan or Hindu shall be admitted to
any public school in the State. It was a
measure similar to this that led to pro¬
tests from the Japanese and the interven¬
tion of President Roosevelt at the last ses¬
sion of the Legislature.
A serious accident occurred January IT
iu the fire room of the battleship Delaware,
bound from (Uiantauamo to Hampton Roads.
Eight enlisted men were killed and one
badly injured. No commissioned officers
were hurt.
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Orchards Pay Better Than Gold Mines When Fertilized With
GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER!
The Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture Offered a Prize for the Most Profitable Acre of Massachusetts
Orchards. This Contest Has Recently Closed, and the
FIRST PRIZE IS WON BY THE DREW-MUNSON FRUIT CO., of Littleton, Mass.
Their Prize Winning Acre of Baldwin Apples
GAVE THEM A TOTAL RETURN Or $715.70— THE NET PROFIT WAS $519.55
THIS ORDHARD WAS
GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER
AT THE RATE OF 1000
FERTILIZED WITH vmiivxni, Alll/lTirKJ I1U/J1 HAIL I VnULll POUNDS PER ACRE
The Following Letter From Barnes Brothers, the Famous Fruit Growers and Orchardists of Yalesville, Conn.,
Shows That Thomas Phosphate Powder Brings a Prize to Every User in the Form of a Profitable Crop :
The Coe-Mortimer Company,
Gentlemen :
In regard to Thomas Phosphate Powder, you will re¬
call that we bought of you last year 130 tons and we wish to
say that it gave us most excellent results. On our peach
orchard where we used it, the trees made a splendid growth
with heavy dark green foliage, the fruit was of excellent color,
and the keeping qualities were remarkable, which was a big
advantage , especially when we had over 150 cars to harvest
in about two weeks as we had this year.
We never saw better colored Baldwin Apples than those we
grew where we applied a good dressing of Thomas Phosphate
Powder. The best sold at retail for S 9.00 per barrel.
Yours truly, Barnes Brothers.
THERE IS A TRUTH IN ALL THIS FOR YOU!
The whole story is told in The New England Homestead for January 7th, 1911, and in the New Edition
or our Booklet, Up- I o Date bruit Growing,” which is sent free if you mention The Rural New-Yorkek
THE COE-MORTIMER CO.
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Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
GETHSEMANE.
In golden youth, when seems the earth
A Summer land for singing mirth,
When souls are glad and hearts are light
And not a shadow lurks in sight,
We do not know it but there lies
Somewhere, veiled under evening skies,
A garden each must some time see,
Gethsemane, Gethsemane,
Somewhere his own Gethsemane.
With joyous steps we go our ways,
Love lends a halo to the days.
Light sorrows sail like clouds, afar.
We laugh and say how strong we are.
We hurry on, and hurrying, go
Close to the borderland of woe
That waits for you and waits for me.
Gethsemane, Gethsemane,
Forever waits Gethsemane.
Down shadowy lanes, across
streams,
Bridged over by our broken dreams,
Behind the misty cape of years,
Close to the great salt font of tears
The garden lies ; strive as you may
You cannot miss it in your way.
All paths that have been or shall be
Pass somewhere
Through Gethsemane.
All those who journey, soon or late
Must pass within the garden's gate;
Must kneel alone in darkness there
And battle with some tierce despair.
God pity those who cannot say —
“Not mine, but thine” ; who only pray,
“Let this cup pass,” and cannot see
The purpose in Gethsemane.
Gethsemane, Gethsemane,
God help us through Gethsemane !
— Author Unknown.
People who dislike milk (and many
of us do) always feel rebellious when
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
similar combinations of blue or lavender, water with delicate fabrics.”
In each case the waist was of the ki- The genial deacon ambled off, and I
mono type, with sleeves all in one with discovered for myself afterwards that
the bodice. The lingerie hats showed salt dispersed all trace of blackness
the familiar Corday crown and droop- from the carpet, when some soot had
ing brim, the crown of all-over em- been spilled.
broidery and the brim of lace pleatings. ^ e are having a good deal of trouble
As for the wash goods, which are now w the potatoes this Winter, for they
in full bloom, there are a great many keep rotting in spite of the picking over,
bordered fabrics among them, which and so we are using rice instead as a
will make up very handsomely in the vegetable. Steamed slowly, the grains
prevailing styles. In buying bordered remail1 whole> and 1 try to dish UP at
goods we must remember to allow for the right moment, before they break,
the border, which leaves the fabric For a^er all why should we be such
just so much narrower for cutting. sIaves to the potato? Though it must
be confessed that no root has been dis¬
covered so well adapted for universal
We referred some time ago to the use as the tubers of the potato; for
free clinic and dispensary established having no peculiarity of taste, and con-
by the New York Women’s League for slst"?S chiefly of starch, their .farma is
* . “ . nearly the same as that of grain. When
Animals at 325 Lafayette street. During tbey are good and plentiful we do not
strange the past year this clinic has treated think of a substitute, but they are taken
6,000 animals, of which 4,000 were dogs, for granted, and potato starch, besides
, r _ , being of use in the laundry, is as deh-
the nets of poor people who baa no . & J i c , T
1 H . . . cate as sago or arrowroot for food. I
means to pay veterinarians for their do noj. know wby they are called Irish
care. Twelve hundred sick cats, 510 potatoes, unless it is that they are the
Horses, one goat, a man, and nearly a principal food of the poor in that coun-
i i t i ■ i i ti,p fry» and that Sir Walter Raleigh when
hundred birds were also treated. The tQok them over from Virginia,
first animal treated at the clinic was a planted them on his. estate near Cork,
cat. A little girl (who did not share and encouraged their cultivation.
the views expressed about cats by one 1 was at a loss what to make for
, <. „„„„ some birthday gifts, and decided to
of our recent correspondents) walked make homen/ad° ca’ndy> that seemed
all the way over from Brooklyn, across so much appreciated I will give one or
the big bridge, with her cat tucked tin- two of the recipes. For chocolate cara-
der her am : poor puss had had her tail mels I used two tablespoonfuls of but-
caught in the jamb of a door. The ter> one-hal£ CUP ™lk> on'-hal£ -CUP
surgeon at the clinic fixed the injured
tail so it was as good as new, and
both the cat and her owner went back
to Brooklyn happy. The care given to
• January 28,
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
MOTHERS NEED
Scott’s Emulsion
Many mothers have learned
how much they needed
Scott's Emulsion
by taking It to show their
children that It was a sweet
medicine.
For thirty-five years it has
been the best known specific
against fatigue and enfeeble-
ment, as well as the standard
remedy for warding off and
relieving colds and affec¬
tions of the throat and lungs.
of sugar, one cup of molasses, four
squares of chocolate, and a cup of
walnut meats broken into fine pieces.
Put butter into a porcelain saucepan
and when melted add milk, sugar and
molasses. Add the chocolate when
horses is especially valuable, not only tiiese are at t}ie boiling point. It must
for the relief it affords suffering ani- be finely grated and cooked till brittle
a doctor orders this form of nourish- ma]s ]jut also for tjie a;d t0 poor and when tried in cold water, and kept
. ^ , ^ .-••/I A r- r V Ilf ill M Af H-i PomAltO
S>wff
AtlGHt
Soft, steady brtll-
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X churches, $2.25 up.
ment. However, there are many ways
of altering its flavor and one is to
soak hot popped corn in it. Have the
corn freshly popped, and soak it in
either hot or cold milk. It gives the
milk a very pleasant flavor, and af-
hard-working men, whose horses often
constitute their sole means of liveli¬
hood. The Women’s League has active
workers in humane education who give
instruction in care of animals at schools
stirred so that it will not stick. Remove
from the lire, beat four times and put
in the nuts and vanilla to taste. Turn
into a buttered pan and cut when cokl,
into shape, wrapping each one in paraffin
paper. “Minty” said it cost as much as
to buy at confectioners, but I counted
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DODGE ZUILL * 224 C
Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N.Y.
or Easy Washer Co., Bruce
and Dundas Sts., Toronto.
and settlements, and also gives much die expense of ingredients and proved
PURE HONEY
— Amber extracted, $1.00 per
gallon. Comb, 10 los., $2.
H. It. LYON, Cranford, N.J.
fords a change to those who are tired jiejp to work horses in supplying water- otherwise.
ing and sprinkling places in Summer The boys wanted some old-fashioned
, , • , • itt- . <tm • popcorn balls, and I made some for
and chain shoes m Winter. The g ■ - ^jlem distribute to their friends. Two
est need at present is a hospital where jarge CUpS cf newly popped corn, two
animals could be cared for until re- tablespoonfuls of butter, two cups of
covered; they can only give tempo- brown sugar, one-half cup of water.
• . L When the butter is melted in saucepan
rary care to them at the dispen a j . add sugar and water, boil 16 minutes,
Of course they need funds for this. and pour over corn, making into balls
What a pity some billionaire cannot before the syrup is too cold.
follow the example of the pious. Jains I have been busy scraping horse-
, _ . . .. , . . '. e- radish, and it is hard on the hands, so 1
of India, and build a hospital for ru]j them with sweet oil afterwards.
ailing animals of the poor! Would not 'The stores asked for some mixed with
such an institution advance the cause of vinegar and put up in bottles, and it
which will quite transform a plain coat. a, by inducing . pity . and means a little pocket money At this
, - , . t n season of the year it is one of the most
tenderness towards the least of Hods useful domestic salads, and is said to be
creatures? stimulating and help digestion. One
• - - of the doctors here has recommended it
Charity Sweetheart’s Letter. scraped and applied as a poultice mixed
with a little flour in cases of chronic
of it otherwise.
♦
Ornamental frogs of braid and pas¬
sementerie are seen on many of the
new coats this Winter. It is not dif¬
ficult to make these if desired with
cord loops, crocheted buttons and any
plain or fancy braid liked. Sometimes
a woman can find most of the material
for making such ornaments among her
scraps of trimming, and thus provide a
fashionable ornament at small cost,
Dark fur is not always becoming
around the neck, and for this reason
many women like to show a little white
against the skin under an outdoor wrap.
Among little mufflers noted this Win¬
ter are little white silk scarfs edged
I don’t know of anything that gives
rheumatism, and it has made quite a
one the queer thrill that comes down frade jn horseradish, though one man
the spine when the kitchen chimney wbo put it on without flour developed
along one side with a border of white takes fjre) especially on a windy day. a blister before he realized it. Like a
swansdown. This is folded around just y f eej s0 helpless if there are no men good many other common plants, we do
ins.de the coat collar, so that the swans- f ” J tho„gh there is a lad- thelr ''al“e or U,’derSta”d
down shows. It is very becoming, and der kept at ours, it is a feat of agility The year flies on, day by day, week
gives needed protection to a light-col- to g.e^ the ladder. So when it hap- by week, and one has a feeling of dis-
ored waist, which is very easily soiled _ened the other day I was glad to see satisfaction that it is the same old jog
with dark fur. A piece of six-inch white Deacon Price, stop his horse and come
satin ribbon, about 30 inches long, with bllt be did not attempt to reach the ffress jn ourselves it would be comfort-
narrow swansdown down one side, chimney, only asked for coarse salt. I ing, but the regular routine pins us
makes this dainty muffler. had just filled the jar we keep at hand, down to the three meals a day, and the
* so there was plenty, and he put it all in After a]1 ;t 5s the duties of the hour
The new Spring clothes appear m the tjie stove( shut up all the dampers and that count, and so I work in the kitchen
New York shops as soon as Christinas closed the doors. The roaring ceased trying as Mrs. Whitney wrote to ^
is over, and their windows are now jn a few mjmites and the danger was “Make things pleasant in one little place.
gay with linen gowns, lingerie hats and past) thanks to our neighbor stopping tQ WQV' use "even^n’tfie1 quiet” simple
filmy parasols. This is for the benefit drafts and putting in the salt. homes where so many women answer
of tourists going to the fashionable re- “Did you never know that before?” the call of duty, charity sweetheart.
then
ii Maple n Evaporators 1
Our “Maple Evaporator” it the most durable and most
economical on the market, only selected materials being
used In Its construction. Heavy cast-iron frame, rein¬
forced sheet steel jacket, extra heavy specially rolled tin
or galvanised iron pans.
Easily erected, uses very little fuel either
wood or coal, works smoothly and evap¬
orates quickly, producing very fine sugar
and syrup. Hundreds in use giving
splendid service. Moderate in cost.
We carry a foil line of sugar camp sup¬
plies.
McLane-
Schank
Hard¬
ware Co
LlnesvUle
Pb.
SPLENDID CROPS
Saskatchewan (Western Canada)
800 Bushels From 20 Acres
of wheat was the thresher’ ■ re¬
turn from aLloydminster farm
in the season of 1910. Many
fields in that as well as other
districts yielded from 26 to 35
bushels of wheat to the acre.
Other grains in proportion.
Large Profits
are thus derived from the
FREE HOMESTEAD
LANDS of Western Canada.
This excellent showing causes prices
to advance. Land values should double
in two years’ time.
Grain growing, mixed farming,
cattle raising and dairying are all
prof ltable. Free Homesteads of 1 60
acres are to be bad In the very best
districts; 160-acre pre-emptions at
$3.00 per acre within certain areas.
Schools and churches In every set¬
tlement, climate unexcelled, soli
the richest; wood, water and build¬
ing material plentiful.
For low settlers’ railway rates and illurtra-
ted pamphlet, “Last Best West, ” and other in¬
formation, write to Sup’t of Immig., Ottawa,
Can. , or Can. Gov’t Agt. (62)
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
sorts in the South, or to California,
but it is also quite helpful in aiding
others to plan for warm weather. We
notice many beautiful white linen
gowns showing a mixture with color.
Among them are long tunics of white
he asked in astonishment, and
went on to tell me the domestic virtues
of salt.
“Why, it is wonderful what it can
do,” he said, “for it will start up a coal
fire, as well as put out a fire in the
over a colored skirt, both skirt and chimney, and takes away the pain of a
tunic being closely fitted. In one ex- bee sting. If you sweep carpets' with
ample the overdress was white linen salt the moths will keep their distance,
with pink bands at neck and sleeves, and if you put some in the whitewash it
the underskirt pink, while the tunic makes it stick. If you are afraid of
was enriched with pink embroidery and your cake scorching at the bottom, put
lacings of white soutache braid drawn some salt under the baking tin, and we
through pink ej’elets. Others showed know it sets colors when put in the
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an independent buyer. Send name for Free Catalogue No. 114.
Kalamazoo Stove Company, Mfrs., Kalamazoo. Michigan
leu.
Between Meals ^
Don’t deny yourself food till meal
time
When that mid morning hunger ap¬
proaches, satisfy it with Uneeda Biscuit
1 hese biscuit are little nuggets of nutritic
each crisp soda cracker contains energy
for thirty minutes more work.
Many business men eat them at ten A
in the morning. So do school sxjjm
children at recess. |
They’re more nutritive than ^ £
bread. You can eat them •
dry-— or with milk.
Uneeda Biscuit are SR'--'"-
always crisp and ' m
delightful.
Never Sold
in Bulk
In itw moisture-proof
package
NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY
Cream Cookies — Raised Donghirots.
Will some of the many readers of The
R. X.-Y. give a recipe for making sugar
cookies with sweet cream, also one for
raised doughnuts? i. j. m.
Here are recipes for sour cream
cookies, but we have none using sweet
cream: Cream three-quarters of a cup¬
ful of butter and add gradually two
cupfuls of granulated sugar, the beaten
yolks of two eggs, one cupful of thick
sour cream, the grated zest of one
orange or lemon, four cupfuls of flour
sifted with one teaspoonful of soda, and
lastly the well-beaten whites of the
eggs; roll out and cut with a round
cutter. If too soft to roll, add a very
litle more flour.
Vanilla cream cookies call for one
cup of thick sour cream, one cup of
sugar, one small teaspoon of soda, one
teaspoon vanilla and flour to mix for
rolling out. The author of this recipe
usually puts a little more than two cups
of flour in a pan and sifts one tea¬
spoonful of baking powder into it, as
the soda and sour cream need this help;
next mix in the sugar dry and add a
pinch of salt. Cream is seldom twice
the same. Sometimes it will be so
heavy and rich that a little hot water is
needed to dissolve the soda, again it is
light and no other wetting should be
added. You must use little flour when
rolling out the dough, handling it lightly.
Roll to about a quarter inch thick. Use
a round cooky cutter, sprinkle with
granulated sugar before baking and be
careful to bake to only a delicate brown
in a quick oven. This is an economical
recipe where one has cream, and the
cookies are very good.
Raised Doughnuts. — When baking
bread take a piece of bread the size of
a small loaf, one-half cup sugar, one-
half cup butter or drippings (add a level
teaspoon salt if butter is not used), one
saltspoon each of ground cinnamon,
cloves and nutmeg; mix together with
the hands, turn on to floured board and
knead quickly and lightly until dough
is smooth and springy, not stiff; put in
a warm, buttered bowl and place in a
warm place to raise; when light (about
double original bulk) turn out on
floured board, roll thin, cut and make
into old-fashioned braids, twists and
bow-knots ; set aside on board to raise ;
when light fry in very hot fat until
brown; lift, drain and roll in powdered
sugar.
THE FfCJ RAL NEW-YORKER
Two Hard Questions.
On wash day, when my white clothes
were put into the boiler a stocking (black)
was put in also. When they were taken
from the boiler several of the pieces were
stained. They look just as if they were
dipped into blue dye. Could you tell me
if the stain can be taken out?
I had a piece of Rogers plaster work in
storage, and while there mice gnawed at
it. It looks very bad : the polish is off, and
great dark stains on it. Knowing I cannot
replace it I was wondering if it could be
made presentable. Can you help me in my
troubles? mrs. d. a. p.
Here are two very hard questions.
I' or the first we can only suggest
bleaching with Javelle water. This is
made by dissolving one pound of sal-
soda and one-quarter pound of chlor¬
ide of lime in two quarts of boiling
water. After dissolving let it settle,
then pour off the clear solution, discard¬
ing all solids, which, while they should
not be used in bleaching, are excellent
for cleaning waste pipes. Small spots
may be scrubbed out by stretching the
material over the bottom of a plate, and
scrubbing with a soft toothbrush, dipped
in Javelle water. Where there are larger
stains or general cloudiness we would
try diluting the Javelle water one-half,
and rinsing the fabric in it, but in
either case the material must' at once
be rinsed twice, first in clear water, and
then in ammonia and water. Without
this precaution Javelle water rots the
fabric. The fabric should be dried
in full sunlight; alternate freezing and
sunlight makes an excellent bleaching
-igent. Many stains are best removed
by pouring boiling water upon them, but
in this case it might set the dye. We
should be glad to have experience from
those who have removed such stains.
The second question is too much for
us. These Rogers groups are usually
composed of grayish plaster, with
Tire Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns ahvays give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
The severe, mannish shirtwaist is
greatly liked by many women. This one
is adapted to silk and flannel, as well
as to cotton and linen fabrics. It can
be made just as illustrated, or without
the pocket, and the back can be left
plain or finished with an applied yoke.
The sleeves are without fullness at the
shoulders and are inserted after the
manner used in making men’s shirt.
The waist consists of fronts and backs.
6794 Mannish Shirt Waist,
34 to 44 bust.
It is finished with the regulation box
plait. The sleeves are in shirt style,
finished with openings and laps and
straight cuffs. The quantity of material
required for the medium size is 3 )4
yards 21 or 24, 2 yards 36, or 1§4 yards
44 inches wide. The pattern 6794 is
cut in sizes for 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 and
44 inch bust measure ; price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures include, 6843,
fancy blouse with low or high neck, with
or without under-sleeves, 34 to 40 bust.
2)4 yards of material 24 or 27 inches
wide, 1)4 yards 36 or 44, with 2)4 yards
of banding, 1^4 inches wide, 1 yard 2
inches wide, 1 yard all-over lace for
yoke and under-sleeves, for medium size.
6856, surplice waist, with high or low
neck, with or without under-sleeves in
full or three-quarter length. 34 to 42
■6856
smooth finish. Ordinary dust marks are
removed from plaster casts by making
a .Paste of whiting or pipe clay, mixed
with alcohol or with water containing
a little ammonia. This is left on until
it dries, and then brushed off, remov-
ing the grime. This might be of use.
i here is a wax filling used for plaster
casts which would restore polish, but it
would be necessary to remove the stains
hrst. Who can help us with this?
bust; 3)4 yards of material 24 or 27
inches wide, 2 % yards 36, 1 % yards 44,
with 7/s yard of silk, 1 % yards of all-
over lace for trimming, -for medium size.
6859, blouse with straight tunic for
misses and small women 14, 16 and 18
years; 4 yards of material 24 or 27
inches wide, 2)4 yards 36 or 44, with 1%
yards 18 inches wide, for trimming
bands for 16 year size. 6836, plaited
tunic skirt, with five-gored foundation
straight plaited flounce and five-gored
tunic, 22 to 3o, 9)4 yards of material 24
or 27 inches wide, 7)4 yards 36 inches
wide, 5)4 yards 44 with 1§4 yards 36
inches wide for foundation, 2 yards v,
for bands, width of skirt at lower edge
4 yards, 2 yards when plaited for medium
size. 6850, tucked blouse for misses and
small women, with or without fitted lin¬
ing, 14, 16 and 18 years; 3)4 yards of
material 24 or 27 inches wide, 2 yards
36, 1J4 yards 44 with Ys yard 18 inches
wide for yoke and collar, for 16 year
size.
Cleaning Flues With Zinc.
I see inquiry concerning cleaning
chimney or kitchen flues with zinc. The
process is quite simple; take some old
scrap zinc, place it in stove when there
is a brisk fire, or a great quantity of
coal and it will cause the soot to burn
readily and thus relieve the flue of its
congestion. • H. m.
On page 14 Mrs. E. VV. asks about
cleaning flues with zinc. The method
usually followed is to throw the zinc
scraps on the fire, where they are
allowed to burn. It seems that zinc
oxide is formed in the fire and being
very light flows up the chimney and
coming in contact with the soot attracts
the carbon from the soot and breaks up
or softens the deposits of soot.
w. E. D.
I have used that method of cleaning
for 20 years or more. The soot usually
takes fire when there is a hot fire in the
stove. Throw a handful of scraps of
sheet zinc on top of the fire in the
stove, and shut the front draft; if the
zinc is cut fine it will put the fire out
in the flue as quickly as you could blow
out a candle. If in larger pieces it
will take a little more time, but I have
always found it sure. A good plan in
connection with the foregoing and one
followed by myself and most of my
neighbors is to keep a bit of scrap
zinc handy, one-half pound is enough
for any ordinary lire. Such things as
this ought to be printed in all the
papers at least once a year. A person
will read an item like this and if they
do not have occasion to use it right off
they are apt to forget it, but if they
have a chance to try it right away, as I
did, and perhaps save a set of buildings,
they will remember it. r.
hareu sj>*roFTI/' /
Fast Brown that is Fast
Brown calico dress-goods
are perfectly practical for
wash-dresses if you use
Simpson-
Eddystone
Fast Hazel Brown Prints
— fast to soap, light and
perspiration. Because of
their superior quality of
cloth and color, and their
many beautiful designs,
Simpson - Eddystone
Prints have been the stan¬
dard for over 65 years.
Show this advertisement to your deal¬
er when you order, and don’t accept
| substitutes. If not in your dealer’s
| stock write us his name and address
We’ll help him supply you.
The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philadelphia
Established by Wm. Simpson, Sr.
We are very poor if we have nothing
that will do us any more good than our
money.— Ram’s Horn.
AGE NTS
WA N T E D
»iih PECKS^gff/ RIVETS
Anyone can do it. Quick and easy. No |
solder, cement or bolt. Fit any surfc, c. I
Send for sample box of *5 assorted sizes, it cl
postpaid. Regular package 3$c.
PECK & CO., 245 Main St., Baturin, M. Y.l
10 DAYS FREE TRIAi
We ship on approval without * re
i-poaii. . freight prepaid. DON'
PAY A CENT if you are not talleSi
after neinf the bicycle 10 day..
DO NOT BUY of tires from avym
ftt any price until you receive our iate
1 art catalogs illustrating: every kind
‘bicycle, and have learned our unheard *
prices and mawelous new offers.
0UE OF NT *• it will cost you
Milk Vhll I write a postal and ever;
thing will be eent you tree postpaid 1
return mail. You will get much valuable ii
formation. Do not wait, write it uov
. r TIKES, Coaster - Brake rea
wneels, lamps, sundries at half usual prices .
Mead Cycle Co. Dept. ^80 DA/ca#
108
Live Stock and Dairy
ECHOES FROM THE STOCK SHOW.
Next to a presidential nomination, live
stock shows bring the greatest crowds to
Chicago. The International Exposition has
been in existence 11 years, and each year
shows an increase in attendance. This
season the animals were unusually well bal¬
anced as to numbers; there were about 1,100
head of cattle, 1,100 head of sheep, and
1,100 head of horses, in round numbers,
and there were about 800 head of hogs.
There was quantity and quality in practical¬
ly all classes, but in horses some of the
largest classes ever seen in Chicago were
shown. In one class of Belgians there
were 72 animals, and a well-known horse
breeder estimated the value of the class to
be $175,000.
But to go back to the crowds. They
came from at least half of the States of the
Union, men, women and children, and they
made a -whole week of it, returning to their
homes only after all the stock had been
judged The term “cattle barons” had
been used to denominate a class of farmers
who are furnishing this and other nations
with meat, and an observer at a live stock
show may be convinced that the words are
fittingly applied. The stockmen come to
the show exhibiting not only their high
types of beef stock, but themselves as the
best dressed, behaved, and intelligent set
of people on earth. The cattle baron of
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
January 28,
the Berkshire tribe. Last year the Poland-
Chinas had the honor.
One of the most interesting features of
the sheep exhibit was the display of wool
and w’ool products made by the Ohio State
College. This was an innovation, and
claimed a wonderful amount of attention,
Wool was shown in bits and in fleeces, tied
and loose, of such a great variety of texture
as to keep the wool men about the cases
much of the time.
Probably the most acute disappointment
of the show was the failure of a Canadian
exhibitor to capture the grand champion¬
ship honor for his Short-horn steer. “Roan
James.” Thousands of visitors at the show
who saw this consummate example of the
breeder’s and feeder’s skill were disappoipt-
ed when the purple was given to Shamrock
II, and Roan Jim's master all but col¬
lapsed in the arena when the decision was
made. Jim is one of the most beautiful
creatures in color, weight, and carriage that
ever has been led into the International
ring. He had been given the first in his
class, and he was of that rank in the
minds of a great many stockmen that en¬
titled him to championship place. Once
before the Canadian had won with a
worthy member of the Short-horn tribe,
and so sure was he that he would carry
the purple across the border that he could
scarcely “believe his eyes” when the ribbon
was thrown across the chunky shoulders
of the calfy black. J. l. graff.
Tumor.
I have a filly three years old and began
working her last Spring. The first tim*
she was worked a lump came on the point
of her shoulder and although I have tried
several remedies I have been unable to re¬
move it. Can you give me a remedy?
Kentucky. s- K- A-
If a hard, fibroid tumor has formed, as
we suspect in the case, external applica-
AJAX FLAKES
THIS valuable distillers’ grain
contains about 31% protein,
13% fat. It is twice as strong as
bran. Yon cannot make milk
economically if you use bran.
One pound of AJAX FLAKES
does the work of two pounds of
bran, and saves $14.00 per ton.
AJAX FLAKES
holds hundreds of official records and
many world’s records. It is used and
recommended by Cornell Agricultural
College, Pennsylvania State College
and prominent breeders. You should
lay in your supply now.
Send [ for Feeders' Hand Book with
tables and feeding instructions.
BEWARE OF IMITATIONS
CHAPIN & CO., Seneca & Main Sts.,1 T Buffalo, N. Y.
Registered
D.S.PAT.0FF.
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS
Protein 31 ’ 33%
Fat 12/0
Carbohydrates 30-40%
Fibre 12*14%
BEEF-MAKING IN AN OHIO WINTER. Fig. 39.
to-day ranks even above the old-time cotton
planter of the South in everything sub¬
stantial and showy. One of the interest¬
ing features of the show was the warm
contest between the individual stock breed¬
ers and feeder and the experts of the
agricultural colleges. Both were in almost
every class. The college people have car¬
ried off most of the most highly-prized
offerings in the last 11 years, but some of
the individual farmers at the eleventh an¬
nual show beat the college chaps in a fair
show-down. This was particularly evident
in some of the sheep awards, when the
farmer got the firsts and the college herds
were content to take second or even less.
Champion winners this year sold high,
as they have done in other years. The
grand champion Shire stallion sold for 810.-
000 spot cash as soon as he had won his
ribbon. The Angus grand champion steer
sold for GO cents a pound, bringing $672
for his carcass, the highest price but one
in the history of the International. The
grand champion carload of steers, also An¬
gus animals, sold for 13% cents a pound.
Little animals, but chunky ones, found
great favor with ■ the judges in the cattle
classes. This began when a ten-months-old
calf was selected as the grand champion
steer. The judge who placed the animals
in the Angus tribe furnished the first grand
champion steer to the International. This
steer was known as Advance, and he sold
for $1.50 a pound, the highest figure that
yet has been attained. The name of the
owner of that costly creature is Stanley
rierce, of Illinois, and during the whole
of the show, while he was judging the
classes, the smaller types got great favor
with him. Animals that weighed much
less in classes of the same age got the
blue in many instances.
Some of the finest exhibits were the
herds and animals that were the get of one
sire. They presented a splendid appear¬
ance and showed the remarkable progress
that has been made in animal husbandry,
not only by the college people, but by the
individual breeder. The young bulls and
the calf herds came in for an immense
amount of admiration from the visitors.
The grand champion barrow came from
Ohio, and after he had -won his distinction
he was presented to the Idaho State Col¬
lege and will be taken on a tour of in¬
spection as a model porker. He belongs to
tions will have no effect, and removal by
dissection will have to be undertaken by
the veterinarian. If there is a soft spot
in the tumor open it deeply and after
evacuating the pus pack the cavity once
daily with oakum saturated in a mixture of
equal parts of turpentine and raw linseed
oil. This always is effective treatment for
an abscess caused by the collar, and if it
is practiced at once it often prevents the
formation of the tumor. The abscess
usually forms under the great levator
humeri muscle of the shoulder ; but some¬
times a little boil or small abscess forms
externally, just under the skin, but con¬
nects with the deeper one under the muscle.
In our experience the more pus present on
opening the cavity the sooner will it heal
up and the less likelihood will there be of a
tumor forming. a. s. a.
Catarrh in Cow.
I have a cow that seems to have a
cold in head or catarrhal trouble, sneezes
and throws off a lot of mucus, also coughs
some. I have tested with tuberculin and
she did not respond. She is in good flesh
and gives a fair quantity of milk. I have
bought another cow that has started in
same way. Is it a contagious disease, and
what is the remedy? t. p. c.
This probably is a catarrhal form of in¬
fluenza which is contagious. See that the
stable is perfectly ventilated and sun-
lighted ; otherwise the cows should be out
doors as much as possible while weather
is fine. Steaming the head with hot water
containing a dram of creosote per quart
will help. The steaming may be simply
done by shutting up the cows in a box
stall in which a kettle of the medicated
boiling water is placed so that the cows
cannot knock it over. In the feed three
times a day mix a tablespoonful of a mix¬
ture of one part dried sulphate of iron
and two parts each of powdered chloride
of ammonia, licorice root and ground gen¬
tian root. If the cows are in calf omit the
iron and add one part powdered liydrastis.
A. s. A.
DUROC-JERSEY PIGS AND SERVICE BOARS of the best
breeding. Pedlgreo with each one. Price
reasonable. HENRY PATRICK, Rustbnrg, Va.
| Horses and mules
THE PEBCHERON SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Has just increased its capital stock to
$100,000. 10.000 shares of $10 each. 3,000
shareholders, Nov. 28, 1910. 100 breeders
have taken membership since Doc. 1st.
Ninety-five per cent of the Percheron
breeders of America record with the
Percheron Society. * * * * #
Information pertaining Percherons furnished. Address
WAYNE DIN8MOBE, Secretary,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, III.
Cfi Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
DU at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Penn a. K.R. 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
To Avoid Inbreeding
We Will Sell Our Pure-Bred Suffolk Stallion
“ JUBILEE ”
He stands 16 hands, seven years old, sound, kind,
gentle, and will work in any spot or place. This is
a tried sire and his colts can be seen in this entire
section of Virginia. Weight, 1,600. Price. $1,200,
delivered at your station in New York, New Jersey.
Pennsylvania or Maryland. F. W. OKIE, Proprie¬
tor Piedmont Farms, Marshall, Va.
For Sale or Exchange-KS
old JACK, nose and breast moust color, 15bj hands
high; weighs about 950 lbs. Will ell or exchange
for registered Holstein cattle or registered Shet¬
land pon v inures, or Percheron stallion.
S. H. ROBISON, 814 Walnut St., Philadelphia.
KENTUCKY MAMMOTH JACKS, JEN¬
NETS and SADDLE HORSES.
We are the Largest Breeders in America of Mam¬
moth Jacks. H ampshire and Tamworth hogs. Stock
of all ages for sale. J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Ky.
A.I
Y CA.TTLE
Guernseys
have proven them¬
selves
.•a&r
the Most Economical V
Producers of Dairy
Products of the
Highest Quality and Best Color
The prepotency of the Guernsey Bull or his
ability to stamp the desirable characteristics
of the breed on bis offspring.
Makes him most valuable for improving the
common dairy stock of any section.
A Dairy of Grade Guernseys will give Rich,
Fine- Flavored, High-Colored Milk,
Cream and Butter.
FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THE GRADE
GUERNSEYS BY ADDRESSING
The American Guernsey Cattle Club
Box R PETERBORO, N. H.
ONTARIO VAN FRIESLAND DE KOL
BULL CALF, three months old; sire, America
DeKol Burke; dam, Woodcrest Van Friesland,
over 21 pounds. Price, $75 crated f. o. b.
Charlotte. Send for details.
CLOTEItWALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Lunt, Owner John J. Eden, Manager
SWI3NTE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE P’UI<CKS . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Sows bred for spring farrow. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. j.;;, h,^
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
>—in
Record
we sold and registered more lJerksliires than any oilier breeder
in the United Slntes. The large proportion wont to old ouatom.
era. This speaks lor itself* ll.i’. A. ll.lt. llarpciiding, Dundee, X. Y-
A BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PIG given for a
il few hours of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PENNA. BERKSHIRE OO., Fannettsburg, Pa,
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-
each of the last three volumes of American Fork 'hire Dec
THE BIG, DEEP FELLOWS
that grow and mature quickly.
DUROGS
Pies and Gilts for sale at all times.
SliENANGO RIVER FARMS. Transfer, Pa.
OHELD0N FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
O Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BAHNES, Oxford, N. Y.
I. WftHOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. OORTELYOU, Somerville. N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI AN ASS’N OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON. SEC* Y. BOX 1 05. BRATTLEBORO.VT.
kVo°w ‘t°ha°t Fern’s Jubilee No. 73852
A. J. C. C., is one of the best "butter bred” bulls
in the world, investigate. Then order one of liis
young sons before it is too late. Nothing over three
months old on band at present. Address
J. GRANT MORSE, Laurel Farm, -:- Hamilton, N.Y.
-Jersey Bull Calves
you can afford to
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. R. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Breed Up— Not Down
Millr Pr*rw1iTr>i»rc for New York City market
111111V rlUUUl/Clo desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville, N. Y.
For Sale: Purebred ANGORA GOATS
3 does, 1 buck, $25.00. GUS BOEHM, Meadow, Va.
DOGS
nni I ir PH DC— From imported stock. Females
UuLLIC lUrOeheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City. Pa.
SCOTCH COI.LIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mo8. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose Pa.
3*3 E
Woodland Dorsets
Woodland Dorsets have been sold into practically
every State In the Union, and are giving satlsfae
tion. I can spare fifty head of splendid ewes, all
of them bred to a very fine ram.
CHAS. B. WING. Meehanlcsburg, Ohio.
QURnDQUIRCQ yearling ewes; 40
O II FlUl O II I nCv yearling rams. Price and
breeding right. FRED VAX VLEET, LODI, N.Y.
THUIC SHEEP-Get 11 start now with this very
■ wnw wiifafcr hardy and money-making breed.
Prices reasonable, forbotnsexes.
J. N. MAC PHERSON, Pine View Farm, Scottsviile, N. Y.
ten Belgian and Percheron I c n
I DU Stallions and Mares I JU
JUST ARRIVED AT THE
Sharon Valley Stock Farm
NEWARK, OHIO
These are an extra lot and selected with
the most care and skill. They must be sold
soon, as Col. Crawford has very important
business on hand that must be attended to.
Thanking the public for their patronage in
the past, trusting that all looking for first-
class stallions and mares will visit the
Sharon Yr alley Stock Farm at once and se¬
cure stock at the most reasonable prices
and favorable terms.
COL. G. W. CRAWFORD
1011.
THE RURAL NEW- VORKER
1U9
ACTUAL TESTS— Most Conclusive Proof
YOU who read this — take out your pencil and figure what it means to you in one
year s profits We show the photographic reproduction of the
report of one test. Time for action is now.
Your cows wifl cat Dried Beet Pulp as eagerly as
they gobble up the tender June grasses, for it’s
just as succulent, just as palatable and just as
pleasing to their taste. It’s nothing but the plain
Sugar Beets with only the sugar and water
extracted. All the tender, nutritious tissues
of the beet are retained. Keeps the cattles*
bowels in a normal working condition,
completely toning the whole system.
Ease off on the heavy heating feed and
dry forage — add succulent Dried Beet
Pulp to your ration and see the differ¬
ence. Dried Beet Pulp loosens up
the ration so that it is easily diges¬
ted. It all comes back to you
in the milk pail. It is not a
medicine — not a patent food
or cure-all, not a mixed feed,
but a straight natural vege¬
table so necessary to keep
cows in first-class con¬
dition.
Dried Beet Pulp is far
superior to com silage as
a succulent feed, but if
you now have silage,
substitute Dried Beet
Pulp for part of your
silage just as is
shown in the re-
port of Mr.
Twitchell, and
you will have
better results,
and your sil¬
age will
last long-
One of the many reports that come to us from dairymen in the ordinary
course of business. We are spending thousands of dollars to place
it before you that you may realizewhat Dried Beet Pulp can do for
your cows. It is of great value because the feed that was used
before the test would be considered by most feeders as A Perfect
Ration. Yet, observe the remarkable increase in milk production
in two weeks by the substitution of 5 lbs. of Dried Beet
Pulp for 3 lbs of bran and 1 0 lbs. of com silage — the
cost of each ration being practically the same.
Milk Production
Increased
you are
not near a
local dealer or
for any reason your
local dealer will not send
for this trial order — write us
direct, we want you to purchase a
small shipment from us and give it a fair
trial. We want you to try it at our risk, upon
our positive guarantee of satisfaction. And here we
give you our Gold Bond Honor Guarantee. We
will agree that if after you feed one sack your cow does not
produce more milk than she did before using it, we will take
back from you the unused sacks and refund to you the
entire purchase price of all the sacks. So you run absolutely no
nsk in trying this feed because you have our guarantee that you will be satisfied.
ime for action is now — This publication guarantees the honor and good faith of its
a vertisera— «° send us the coupon below with Ten Dollars [Check, Express or Money
AAm 'll! '“‘I ^"Pping instruction and we wiH ship promptly Freight Prepaid between 700
and tJUU lbs. of Dried Beet Pulp {Exact amount varies according to freight rate we have to payl.
Jon t wait — but get your letter off today and start these extra profits on your cows at once.
Territory west of Mississippi, Extreme Southern States and States of Michigan and Wisconsin not included.
ers
Every¬
where
East of the
M ississippi
River except in
States of W iscon-
sin and Michigan.
You are authorized
to sell to any dairyman
who will agree to give
the feed a fair, honest
trial, one sack of our Dried
Beet Pulp and to guarantee
to refund the purchase price
if after the dairyman has fed
it to one cow for three weeks
the cow has not increased her
milk production; we will reimburse
you for your expenditure. If you
do not carry Dried Beet Pulp in
stock, write us quickly for our trial offer
of 300 lbs. Please mention this paper.
To Dairymen Everywhere
Go to your dealer, show him this advertise¬
ment, tell him you want to try a sack of Dried
Beet Pulp at our risk. Don’t take “no” for an
answer; this matter means too much for you in in¬
creased profits. Here is our proposition; it
involves no risk for you or the dealer.
W e will ship your dealer (if he or some other nearby
dealer does not already carry it in stock) 500 lbs.
Dried Beet Pulp so that you can try one sack. If after
you have fed it, the cow you selected has not increased
her milk production, we authorize the dealer to return
to you in full your purchase price, and we will in turn refund
to the dealer. The decision in the matter will rest entirely
with you ; your dealings will be with the man you know
and with whom you trade.
If you are not near a dealer or your local dealer
will not send for this trial order, — read our
offer other side — for quicks direct shipment.
COUPON— For Quick Delivery
THE LARROWE MILLING CO.,
620 Ford Building, Detroit, Mich.
L herewith enclose Ten Dollars for Trial Shipment of Dried
Beet Pulp. It is understood that you will ship, freight prepaid,
•even hundred to eight hundred pounds (according to freight rate to
my station) with privilege of returning same and having entire re¬
mittance refunded if not satisfactory to me.
(Name).
(Address).
Shipping Station.
.J^hipj
FREE
BOOKLET:
“Feeding for
Larger Profits *'
and a small mail sample sent to all inquirers.
THE LARROWE
MILLING CO.
620 Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
Coupon-For Quick Information
The Larrowe Milling Co., 620 Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
As my dealer does not handle Dried Beet Pulp, please write me
the exact cost of Dried Beet Pulp delivered to my station.
My dealer’s name is .
His address is .
Very truly your*,
(Signed) . . .
Address . ^
no
January 28,
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
TROUBLE WITH THE CREAM.
What causes long and difficult churning
when the temperature of the cream is 62
and over, sometimes as high as 68? How
long should milk stand in crocks before
skimming, and what should be the tem¬
perature of place where milk is kept in
cold weather? IIow can a novice tell what
is meant by cream being “too thick" or
“too thin” for churning? IIow long a time
should elapse after the last cream is added
before churning? What means are taken
to raise the temperature of the cream? Can
you tell me if a “starter” is commonly used
and what should be the quantity for, say,
one gallon of cream? s. w. m.
If you cow is far advanced in lacta¬
tion, that is if she has been milking
since last Spring or early Summer, your
trouble may be due to this fact ; but
there are many causes which affect the
churning of cream, and some of them
are pretty hard to determine and correct.
Probably one of the most common
sources of trouble is the presence of
organisms, which may find their way
into the neatest dairies, but which may
be at least partially controlled by
thoroughly cleansing and scalding all
utensils which come in contact with the
milk or cream. For best results in rais¬
ing cream in shallow pans or crocks the
milk should be set immediately after
milking, about three inches deep, plac¬
ing pans in a cool room where the tem¬
perature is 60° F. or less. Skimming
should take place about 24 or 36 hours
after setting. Separate the cream from
the edge of the pan with a thin bladed
knife, when it can be run into a cream
can, care being taken to run in as little
milk as possible; for a thin cream is
harder to churn than a rich cream, will
sour more quickly and will not make as
good a quality of butter. Cream should
be rich enough so that 10 pounds will
yield at least three pounds of butter. It
should be kept cool (under 60°) until
12 hours before churning, when it should
be warmed to a temperature of about
70°, in Winter, cooling to churning
temperature before putting into the
churn. No fresh cream should be added
for at least 12 hours before churning.
The temperature may best be raised or
lowered by surrounding the cream can
with warm or cold water, as the case
may be.
The following conditions require low
churning temperature, (54 to 62°) : Very
rich cream, cream from the milk of
fresh cows, cream from the milk of
cows receiving succulent food, such as
silage or pasture; and cream from
Jerseys and Guernseys can usually be
churned at a lower temperature than that
from other breeds. This is due to the
larger size of the fat globules. Condi¬
tions requiring high churning tempera¬
ture are : A thin cream, cream from
cows a long time in milk, and cream
from cows receiving no succulent food.
It is generally necessary to have a higher
churning temperature during Fall and
Winter than in Summer. The ripening
of cream may be hastened, and generally
a better flavor produced, by adding a
starter (about one-half pint to the gal¬
lon of cream) 12 hours before churning.
Good clean flavored buttermilk or skim-
milk, or one of the commercial starters,
may be used. When ready to churn,
cream should be thick and glossy and
should smell and taste slightly sour. If
your conditions all seem to be right and
the butter still fails to come try the fol¬
lowing treatment: Twelve hours be¬
fore churning set the cream vessel in
a tub of hot water and stir occasionally,
thus raising the temperature of the
cream to 160° F. ; hold it there for 20
minutes, then cool down to 70° F., add
a starter, stir occasionally during the
ripening process, and proceed as before.
c. s. M.
TWO GOOD COWS.
Being a new beginner for myself and
a lover of the old cow I take a good deal
of interest in the opinions in your paper.
Being encouraged in the outlook for
farming I bought a run-down farm of
80 acres in southern Oneida County,
and am trying to start right. The first
thing was a silo and pair of scales in
the stable. We started in with seven
common or scrub cows, three of which
the scales told us to sell. I will . send
you a little statement of what it cost
us to produce milk outside of labor
(we rented farms in St. Lawrence
County so long and worked for nothing
and boarded ourselves, we don’t value
our time very much). The first cow had
two calves inside 11 months, was in good
order and had no feed in her dry
period except pasture. No. 2 was
a longer season cow and I have charged
her with a full ration for the full year.
The hay may seem small, but often
weighed a lock of seven to eight pounds
they did not eat clean, with 40 pounds of
silage and eight quarts of grain that,
weighed from to seven pounds at
a cost of $34 a ton.
They were turned out May 1 in fairly
good feed and a different ration, six
pounds of mixed feed at a cost of $1.40
per 100. The other freshened in May
and will average about the same at the
end of the year. I did not try to make
any milk record with these, only what
I called a good feed for any cow, and
the best attention I knew how, with
water twice a day, a good bed and
thoroughly clean and comfortable as I
could make them. I experimented with
feed on the first cow which cost me
from $5 to $8 on her income, but I shall
not have to do that any more ; I raised
oats, peas and barley, one peck peas, one-
half bushel barley, and oats to make
three bushels of seed to the acre, and
thrashed grain that weighed 40 pounds
to the bushel ; mixed four bags to 100
pounds mixed feed, bran, brown and
white middlings, ground fresh at our
home mill. While that may not be a
properly balanced ration it gave me the
best results in milk and vitality both.
Cow No. 1, freshened November 15 :
Winter grain ration 12 cents a day.
Summer grain ration 8 cents a day.
Nov. 15 to May 1. 166 days, 12c - $19.92
May 1 to Aug. 1, 02 days, 8c . 7.36
Silage and green fodder, 4 tons at
$2.50 . 10.00
1 ton clover hay . 10.00
Pasture . 8.00
$55.28
Amount milk. 1,458 lbs.; quarts 3,729.
Cost to produce less than 1 % cts. quart.
Cow No. 2, fresh January 15 :
Jan. 116 to May 1, 105 days, 12c - $12.60
May 1 to Jan. 16, 260 days, 8c . 20.80
Silage and green fodder, 4 tons, at
$2.50 . 10.00
Clover hay, 1 ton . 10.00
Pasture . 8.00
$61.40
Amount milk 9.269 lbs., 4,634 quarts.
Cost to produce less than 1 1-3 cts. quart.
This milk at station price at Verona
brought me, cow No. 1, $119.27; No. 2,
$142.67. B. b.
Oneida Co., N. Y.
Save Your Grain
“Ruggles, you ought to go into the
business of raising chickens by hand.
It’s great.” “I believe I would, Ram-
age, if I could buy a good incubator
cheap.” (With eagerness) “I’ve got one,
old chap, I’ll sell you for a third of
what it cost me!” — Chicago Tribune.
Increase the bulk of the corn you feed one-fifth to
one-fourth by grinding the cobs and corn together.
Doing this you not only get more feed per acre of
corn but you get a feed that your stock will thrive
on better than corn meal alone. Experiment sta¬
tions all over the country have proven that better
gains are made and less digestive troubles exper¬
ienced when animals get corn and cob meal.
‘flew o/follcuid
Feed Mills
—are money makers for farmers nud stock owners. They
erind corn on the cob or small grain perfectly. Will grind
coarse for stock food or tine as Hour for table use. Easy to
• >-•' ' 1 1 run. Use any kind
of power. Can’t
‘‘choke up.” 5 sizes.
Get one from your
dealer on Free
Trial. If he
hasn’t one, write
us. Wo will then
supply you and give
you "an extended
Free Trial. Send
for catalog and free booklet.
“ The Right Way to Feed
Grain.” Give* latest facts
by experienced oiock-rais-
ers on feeding hogs, cattle,
milk -cows, horses, sheep
and poultry.
ill
Hew Hollahii Machine Co., box 41 , mew holunp.pa.
KOBEItTSON’S CHAT X
II AN GIN G STAN CIIIOX S
“l have used them for more
than TWENTY YEARS, and they
have given the very Best of satis-
i faction in every way,” writes
Justus TI. Cooley, M I)., Plainfield
i; Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J.
' Thlrtv days’ trial, on application
' O il. ROBERTSON
Wash. St., Forcstville, Conn.
AND UPWARD
SENT ON TRIAL.
FULLY
GUARANTEED.
AMERICAN^
SEPARATOR
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily
cleaned, perfect skimming separator for $15.95.
Skims warm or cold milk. Makes thick or thin
cream. Thousands in use giving splendid satis¬
faction. Different from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity machines. The bowl
is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest
improvements. Our richly illustrated catalog
tells all about it. Our wonderfully low prices on
all sizes and generous terms of trial will astonish
you. We sell direct to user. No agents. Our
guarantee protects you on every American Sepa¬
rator. Western orders filled from Western points.
Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great
offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS,
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.,
BOX 1075
BAINBRIDGE, N. Y.
Bryan’s Colic Remedy for Cattle,
will relieve the most obstinate case of colic within
one hour. Price $1.25 per bottle, by mail, in the
United States or Canada.
BRYAN DRUG CO., Chatham, N. J.
You Can’t CutOut
A BOG SPAVIN, PUFF or
THOROUGHPIN, but
AJ3S0RBINE
will clean them off permanently, and
you work the horse same time. I)ocs
not blister or remove the hair. Will
tell you more if you write. $2.00 pet
bottle at d’lers ordcliv’d.BooktDfree.
_ ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind.
BBaS $1 bottle. Keduces Varicose Veins.Var-
ieocele. Hydrocele, Ruptured Muscles or Liga¬
ments. Enlarged Glands. Allays pain quickly.
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
NEWTON’S HEAVE
COUCH, DISTEMPER | I E3 IT m
AND IN DIGESTION ■ * C.
The Standard Veterinary Remedy.
GREEN MOUNTAIN
SILOS
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative if you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.,
•H8 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
O d Reasons
(WD Wiry
Unadllla Silos are f«»- better than others will
be mailed you promptly on receipt of your
name and address. UNADILLA MLOS have
unobstructed, continuous Door Fronts
which allow you to shore ensilage out in¬
stead of pitching it up 3 to 6 ft. over cross¬
bars. It costs you 15 cent* a ton less to shove
ensilage out of the UNADILLA SILO than it
does to pitch it out of an ordinary silo. Ad¬
justable door frame to and from doors, mnl-J
leable iron lugs cold rolled over threads on
end of steel hoops stronger than on ordinary hoops.
F.xtra discount for earlv orders, Agents wanted.
UNADILLA SILO CO., Box 15, rnndilla, N. Y.
m ROSS SILO
Makes the horse sound, stay sound
DEATH TO HEAVES !
The first or second $1.00 can cures. The third can \
is guaranteed to cure or money refunded.
$1.00 per can at dealers, or express prepaid.
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO.. Toledo, Ohio
DAIRY SUPPLIES
We are headquarters forMiilc Bottles,
Cans, Caps, Carriers, Churns, Drain¬
ers, Pasteurizers, Separators, Ice
Crushers, etc., and every utensil used
by handlers of milk, cream, butter,
eggs, ice cream or cheese. Best goods,
fair prices, prompt shipments. Satis¬
faction guaranteed. Send us today
your list of needs. No order too small.
WISNER MFG. CO , 230 A Greenwich St..N.Y.
Everything For Dairymen Always In Stock
pi
-M
li
II'
jtr
j
m
111
S
322
Tlio only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on tho market. Full length stave.
Continuous door framo complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Hakes winter feed equal to June
grass. THE KOSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
will save you money. Agents wanted.
The E. W. Itoss Co.(Est.ia50)
Box 13 81’KINGFIELD. OHIO
rDii ayiEV r IMPROVED
UnUmOO WARRINER
STANCHION
Prof. F. G. Helyar of
Mt. Herman School, Mt.
Herman, Mass., writes:
“ We could not get along
without Warriner Stanch¬
ions.”
Send address for book¬
let of information to
WALI, ACE It. CRUMB, Box Ml, Forestvllle, Conn.
COW COMFORT
Means additional profit. Simple,
durable, easily locked. Foster
Steel Stun e li ions cannot be
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬
tom chains permit free head move¬
ment, standing or lying down, yet
keep cattle lined tip and clean.
Write for new booklet showing
model stables.
Foster Steel Stanchion Co.,
906 Ins. Bldg'., Rochester, N. Y
Profits Book Free
es that yon lose big profits till you got a
LausingSilo. Head what Experiment Sta¬
tions say. Head a bout superior ma¬
terials we use. Then you’ll
know why most eareful, money¬
making farmers have chosen
Lansing Silos;'
Made of Soft Cork Pin© and 7 other good
woods. Steel Iloopa and Draw Lugs, Continu¬
ous Doorway, with Ladder Front. Many other
important advantages. Boost your profits. Start
at once. Mail postal now for our book. Addren
Severance Tank & Silo Co.,
Dept. 329 Lansing, Mich.
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
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Hr
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Noiseless Simple Sanitary Durable
Tlie Wasson
Box 60,
Stanchion Co.,
Cuba, N. Y.
■8 SII.0S“R01ND BARNS
SHOULD BE CONTRACTED FOR BtlURL LUKIN PLAIN I in<j-LAlN btKVt
YOUR SELF AND NEIGHBORS BY BUNCHING THEM IN CAR LOTS AS
EARLY BUYERS SAVE MONEY
AS WE SHALL PAY FREIGHT OVER THE ROAD ONCE ONLY FROM THE MILL
DIRECT TO YOUR HOME TOWN
CATALOGUES OF ENSILAGE CUTTERS
DISTRIBUTORS & CATTLE STANCHIONS
FOR DAIRYMEN AND FEEDERS
KALAMAZOO*?]
TANK
LO
CHIGAN.
CO
in: i
MILK.
Since January 1, 1911, the X. Y. Ex¬
change price of milk has been .$1.91 per 40-
quart can, netting four cents per quart to
shippers in the 26-cent zone.
weight, $6.75 to $7 per 100; cattle (live),
$4 to $4.50 per 100 ; veal calves, $4 to $6
per 100. liens aud springs, 8 cents;
turkeys, 18 cents ; old toms, geese and ducks,
10 cents; all above poultry prices live
weight. H. s. s.
Juniata, Neb.
'THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER
111
A man would be fooling away his time
peddling milk here with land $200 per acre ;
he can raise from 50 to 100 bushels of
corn per acre. I took a share of $100 in
a creamery and lost it. We make a little
butter and get 25 cents per pound the year
round for it. This is no dairy country ;
mainly corn, oats, some wheat and clover."
Franklin, Ill. j. w. s.
Milk mostly sold to dealers and retailers
by farmers. Pittsburg is our market. Prices
are -0 cents, delivered for about six months,
and remainder of year average is about 15
cents wholesale. I supply my own and
several neighbors’ milk direct to consumers,
using an auto truck, supplying about 250
families. Those milk customers also fur¬
nish a ready market for all our farm prod-
nets. p. A. C.
Gibsonia, Pa.
They do not sell milk in this loealitv but
wT'pnnV 1 ,!s 39 cents at the ranch and
39% cents delivered at the creamery The
price of milk in Seattle is 20 cents "a gal-
*n^L32 contR retail. Grain
«o,QhJ?rf‘1*orWhcat at $32 $37 a ton.
oats, $28 to $35 a ton. Oats will yield
from 75 to 110 bushels to the acre. " Po¬
tatoes do very well here also. Price of
hay from $17 to $20 a ton h M
Clallam Co., Wash.
-TJ™ nnrincipaJ niarkot iR Mansfield, a city
of 2o,000. Some of the farmers peddle
their milk in bottles or open cans for seven
cents per quart: By far the greater part
or the supply is sold through a pasteurizing
plant which pays SI. 70 per 100 (delivered)
for milk analyzing 3% per cent, butter fat.
This is retailed at seven cents. Several
wagons run through the country collecting
i xt nV, K? making a small charge, varying
with distance from town. w w n
Mansfield, O.
^JhP«re ju, not ,a groat doal of milking
done in this neighborhood. What there is
Is separated with hand separators and the
cream sold, which is worth from 26 to 28
,Thf,rp Is a great deal of cattle
and hog feeding done here. Corn is worth
34 cents in town, and 37 to 40 cents is
So"! b/.„feodors’ Oats. 27 cents; hav,
$8 to $10. Hogs are $8 per 100; stock
an« /ro<i,ng steers. $4.50 to $5.50: fat cat¬
tle, $(> to $7 per 100. Horses arp very high ;
ones, $150 to $300. Land. $150 to
$200 per acre. h e h
Dysart, la.
Most of the milk is hauled to local
creameries, one at Fosters. O.. the other
two at Loveland. The prices from the
Froneh-Bauer Co. are SI .60 per 100 for
four per cent milk to $2 for five per cent
milk. People dissatisfied with their tests.
Th is price is September 1-May 1. Model
Hairy Co. at Loveland pays 14 cents a gal¬
lon for four months, to 15 cents per gallon
for four per cent milk for eight months.
The remainder of the milk is made into
butter, sells at 25 to 30 cents, according to
season. Poultry raising not carried on
very extensively. p. B. c
Loveland, O.
On page 46 T notice an account of a
couple of Mr. Cloud’s cows. T also have
one cow T am proud of and which heats
Mr. Cloud's a little. This cow dropped
her calf, so T began saving her milk
March 9, 1910. From then until July 16
she gave 5,595 pounds of milk besides what
was used in the family, for this was the
only cow T had. Since that time T have
had two cows and T cannot give the exact
figures, hut by weighing her milk sepa¬
rately at times and averaging it for the
month of course I can tell within a very
few pounds. From July 16 to January 16
no /I188 £'ven 3.791 pounds, or a total of
9,386 pounds, which is safe to say is cor¬
rect for the season as T am still' milking
this cow once a day and getting a fair
mess which we will make the above state¬
ment a present of. You will note Mr.
v*°u<3 received for his milk a fraction over
$1,57 2-3 per 100 pounds, which brought
him more money than T received, for at no
time did T receive more than $1.55 per 100
pounds and that only one month, conse¬
quently my returns were $124.89. and
$1T5 received for the calf when dropped,
$126.64. Had I received for my milk an
average of $1.57 2-3 it would have netted
me nearly as much as Mr. Cloud with his
$.> calf thrown in, or $147.98 my returns.
■I congratulate all who have as good cows
or better than any of these, and let me sus¬
tain Mr. Cloud's opinion ; it does not pay
to keep poor cows. t,. v. n. »c.
Tioga Co., N. Y.
In the small villages there is very little
milk sold, as quite a number keep a cow
for family use. What is sold, usuallv
sells for five cents per quart. At Hastings’,
which has a population of about 12.000,
and Is the nearest large town, it sells for
from five to 10 cents. It is peddled by
dairymen, who live close to town, and as
far as I know, sell their own milk, without
purchasing from others. They sell at six
cents or seven cents retail, and five cents
when larger quantities are taken. Two of
the large dairymen have recently sold their
herds and discontinued and gone to general
fanning. A new enterprise has recently
been launched, selling milk at several of
tn<' grocery stores at eight cents a quart.
It is called certified and is bottled. I un¬
derstand it is purchased from farmers and
It Is the intention of the promoters, if suf-
! *rado can he worked up, to ship
milk in on the train from nearby points,
purchasing from the farmers. I have not
learned what they pay. One man said he
Paid 10 cents a quart for milk from cows
tested for tuberculosis. So you see there
Is quite a wide range of prices, without
anv apparent organization. There is eon-
slderable cream sold all through this part
of the country. Price varies, now about
30 cents I believe. Butter, 25 cents to
cehts. Hay unusually high here. Both
Alfalfa and prairie hay selling in town
to $15 per ton. Bran, $1. per
100; wheat, 80 cents a bushel, corn, 33 to
3o cents; oats, 25 cents; these are prices
paid farmers at elevators. Hogs, live
RAISING DAIRY COLTS.
I have been thinking lately about the
cheap farms that are for sale, how they
could be made to pay ; I mean those that
are a long way from market. First buy
a cheap farm and buy a good span of
mares to do your work and raise two colts
every year; keep 10- cows and a good bull
of any breed you like ; best have the cows
come fresh in February or March. Let
calves suck them until May * they can be
weaned then. Go to some milk producers
and buy all the heifer calves you can get
and put two calves on each cow all Sum¬
mer. The calves can be bought for one
or two dollars each. The calves will very
soon learn to help themselves and be fine
by Fall. Now you have 40 head to winter;
suppose you continue this for two or three
years. Ho you think it can he done? At
the present price of cows it will pay bet¬
ter than producing milk. Soon as land is
in good condition you can keep sows and
raise pigs. A man must have some side
line for a few years. Let me know what
you think of the plan. d. f:
Meriden, Conn.
R. N.-Y. — Has any reader tried such a
plan 7
Heifers with Cough.
What is the matter with two of my young
heifers that have had a very bad cough
since early Spring? One is two years old,
and the other three years old. What can
I do for them? j. r. k.
New York.
Cough is merely a s.vmpton of irritation
due to any one of a large number of dif¬
ferent causes. Without an examination it
would he impossible for us to say which
cause is present in the case of your cows.
In cattle tuberculosis is to he" suspected
when cough proves chronic, and we therefore
advise you to have them tested with tuber¬
culin. This test will determine definitely
inside of 24 hours, after injecting the
tuberculin, whether the disease is or is not
present. a. s. a.
HOLD YOUR MONEY!
RISK NOTHING!
Our local representative in your town will put a
SHARPLES
Dairy Tubular
Cream Separator
into your own home, for thorough, free trial,
without one cent of expense to you for freight
or anything else.
Later than, different from, superior to all others.
kNo disks orothercontraptions.
Wears a lifetime, washes
many times easier, pro¬
duces twice the skimming
force, skims faster and
twice as clean as others.
When you can try The
World’s 'Best without
cost, why take risk, pay
freight or waste time on
any "mail order”
or other (so
called) cheap machine ?
A Tubular is cheap, because
it lasts a lifetime, and is guar¬
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oldest and the world's biggest
cream separator concern. But
^inferior machines are very ex¬
pensive, because they last
only about one year on
the .average.
You can own and use a
Sharpies Dairy Tubular
cheaper than any other sepa¬
rator built.
I Write for
1911 catalog
[ No. 153, and
prove it for
yourself
without risk¬
ing one cent.
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST OIIESTEK, I* A.
Chicago. III., San Frnnclsco. Cal., Portlnnd, Ora.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.
30
Wr,s
DR HESS DIP
and Disinfectant
is an indispensable necessity to ■
every live stock owner.
Farmers and stockmen suffer,
through lice and parasites, the appal¬
ling annual loss of nearly $200,000,000
—a sum which could be saved and
added to the grand aggregate of “farm
prosperity " if Dr. Hess Dip and Disin¬
fectant were used the country over.
Dealers, everywhere, handle this
preparation. It is easily prepared —
easily applied. It meets the govern¬
ment requirement for official dipping for
sheep scab. Use it for lice, fleas, sheep
ticks, sheep scab, foot rot, mange, hog
cholera and every form of germ or
parasitic disease. Cleanses and pur¬
ines pens and stables. Send for our
free Dip Book.
One gallon makes 50 to 100 gal¬
lons of solution ready for use.
DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio
WHY
The Bowker Grand Prize
of $500 was awarded to a
Crop of 127 Bushels Yel-
low Flint over one of 133
Bushels White Dent at
the New England Corn Show at Worcester, Mass.
!^~ Because of Greater Food Value
The Protein, Fat, Sugar, etc., contained in the crop
of 127 bushels yellow liint (equal to 103
bushels crib-dry shelled corn) grown by
Perley E. Davis, Granby, Mass., was .
The Protein, Fat, Sugar, etc., contained in the crop
of 133 bushels white dent (equal to 83
bushels crib-dry shelled corn) was
Difference in food value in favor of Flint Crop
4934 Lbs.
4102 Lbs.
832 Lbs.
According- to feeding: values approved by Dr. J. B. Lindsey,
MassacTiusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, the Davis
crop fed for beef and the averagfe amount assimilated would
produce . . . . H55 lbs. of beef.
While the Dent crop would yield . 951 “ “
Prof. R. M. Washburn, Vermont Experiment Station has
figured out that if the Davis crop was fed for milk, it would
produce . . . 13,051 lbs. of milk,
and the Dent crop . . . 10,746
(4 4 4
This contest shows that the Stockbridge Corn Manure produces not only a large amount
of corn per acre, but with the right kind of seed, a corn rich in food constituents.
Use Stockbridge and Get
Greatest Food Value From Your Land
Send today for full particulars concerning next year’s prizes. Also for our new
Stockbridge Catalogue and Book of the Corn Contest, mailed free.
J JA \¥ ]{FD Fertilizer Company,
▼ ▼ AVJLJX1/43 Chatham St., Boston, Mass.
112
January 28,
HOW TO FEED CORN FODDER.
I have been interested in the discussion
on corn raising, and would like to get some
information on methods of curing, storing and
feeding the corn fodder. I fill two silos, and
have 10 or 12 acres of corn left over that
I husk and feed the stalks whole once a
day. The cows waste more than one-half
as they only eat the leaves. As my hay
crop is small I want to use this dry stovei
to the best advantage. Is a corn busker
and shredder a practical machine for a
small farmer to use? Will the shredded
dry corn in large quantities keep well in
a barn mow or silo? Does the husker com¬
pletely remove the husk or just pull off the
outside? o. s. b.
Bristol Co., Mass.
We feed our fodder dry — mostly to
horses. We grew a variety of flint
which makes a slender stalk with many
leaves and suckers. This corn stands
until well ripened, and is then cut in
small shocks and left in the held until
November. We have learned that the
best way to get value out of corn fodder
is to begin feeding it early. Many farm¬
ers hold it too long until it is dry and
hard. Our flint can be husked in Oc¬
tober, and we begin feeding at once,
hauling in small loads as needed. The
horses eat the entire stalks, leaving lit¬
tle if any. We formerly raised, a large
dent corn which made large, tough
stalks. Of these the horses ate off the
tops and leaves and left the butts. We
then ran the stalks through a shredder
which tore them up into long, soft strips.
If this shredded fodder is sprinkled with
waste molasses in water the stock eat
all but the tougher parts and pith. In
New England we would not raise dent
corn for fodder. The machines for
husking and shredding in one operation
give fair satisfaction. It is doubtful if
such a machine would pay for handling
12 acres of corn. We would like to have
experienced readers answer that part of
the question.
SPRING PASTURE FOR PIGS.
What shall I sow next Spring for green
feed for shotes weighing about 100 pounds,
and what should be fed in connection to
form a balanced ration? The porkers are
to be sold about August. l. d. c.
Erie Co., Pa.
The earliest green forage can be had
by sowing Winter or Fall rye, as soon
as the land can be plowed, and put in
first class order for seeding, sowing not
less than ll/2 bushels per acre. Two
bushels will do better. If clover is de¬
sired sow clover seed at same time, 15
pounds per acre. If the land can be put
in order, this sowing can be done in
March. But it may be better to do it
the first half of April. Sown on this
farm one time in April, the rye made
pasture for pigs in a fortnight. The
clover came on very rapidly. But little
of the rye sown at this time will head
out. At the last of June or early in
July it will all die. If the land has
been sown to clover and the weather is
moist the clover will come on very rap¬
idly. This rye plan will not give pasture
as long as the reader wants it for this
lot of shotes. To fill up the gap rape
can be sown as soon as danger of frost
is past, sowing five pounds of seed per
acre, broadcast, and covering lightly with
a harrow, using Dwarf Essex rape.
The rape will be ready for pasture in
five or six weeks, and should not be
turned on till it is eight or ten inches
high. It may be best to make two sow¬
ings of the rape about two weeks apart.
By the time one piece is eaten off the
other will be ready. Then if the first
plot has ' not been grazed too close it
will make a second grazing after the
second plot is fed off. • The richer the
land the heavier the growth that can be
expected from these crops. Rape is a
very gross feeder, and will respond in
a wonderful degree to a heavy applica¬
tion of manure put on before the land
is plowed. The best grain I know to
feed these pigs, with an abundance of
rye and rape, is corn. For one-half the
feeding period use about one-half the
corn' the pigs or shotes will eat. The
Seven
State
Tests
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER
latter half of the feeding period feed
full ration of ear corn. Soaking the
corn will be profitable if arrangements
are convenient. If it is thought that
protein is needed use tankage, scattered
thinly over a flat-bottomed trough, the
trough placed under shelter, where it
will always be dry, keeping the bottom
always covered with tankage, letting the
pigs balance the ration. This is a safe
way and cuts out all labor possible. If
clover makes a good start in the rye and
the hogs can have the run of it there
will be no need of buying protein.
JOHN M. JAMISON.
Ross Co., Ohio.
“I think I’ll send a ton of coal to
every widow in the district. How is that
for a scheme?” ‘ Purty fair. But what
if the other candidate sends coal to them
as ain’t widows as yet? They control
the votes.” — Louisville Courier-Journal.
‘‘Do you believe in making a genuflec¬
tion before you enter your pew?” asked
Mrs. Oldcastle. “Mercy, no!” replied
her hostess, as she flecked a bit of dust
from the $2,000 grand piano, “if I have
genuflections to make about people, I
always do it outside of church.” — Chi¬
cago Record-Herald.
S.
During 1909
and
1910
of Sherwin-Williams Linseed Meal
Crude Protein
Crude Fat
found
guaranteed
found
guaranteed
Ohio, 1909
33.69
33.00
15.29
6.00
Pennsylvania, 1909
35.81
33.00
8.97
6.00
Pennsylvania, 1909
36.38
33.00
8.90
6.00
Pennsylvania, 1910
36.75
33.00
6.70
6.00
Indiana, 1909
35.07
33.00
9.00
6.00
Indiana, 1910
36.20
33.00
7.40
6.00
New York, 1910
35.06
33.00
12.10
6.00
The care with which S-W Oil Cake is prepared and its absolute purity are the rea¬
sons for this splendid record of uniform high feeding value. Its excellent efficiency as
a fattener, milk producer and conditioner for all kinds of livestock, ha* established it
in permanent use among many of
the leading dairymen and stockmen < address:
in this country and abroad.
A valuable 58-page booklet, on
Correct Feeding, Free on request
loss
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
LINSEED OIL DEPARTMENT
668 CANAL ROAD, CLEVELAND, O.
THE PLANT FOOD PROBLEM SOLVED
BY USERS OF
Bradley’s Fertilizers
“The World’s Best By Every Test”
Sometimes farmers say they cannot afford to use as much
as 1000 lbs. of fertilizer per acre, yet many farmers have
proved that as much or more is very profitable to them.
How much to use is a problem every one must work out
for himself. Our most successful customers say they find
as they have increased from year to year the amount of
fertilizer used, the easier it has been to pay for it. This is
the way they express the greater profit derived from using
1500 to 2000 lbs. per acre instead of a smaller quantity on
their market crops.
Many of them use a ton to the acre of Bradley’s High Grade
Fertilizer and find that it pays in the crop marketed and in the up¬
keep or improvement of the land for succeeding crops. You cannot
tell without experimenting how much fertilizer will pay you best. • If
you have not already solved this problem, begin next season and use
Bradley’s Fertilizers
Our local agents have a new descriptive booklet and
calendar for 1911 for you. If we have no agent near you
write us today for our agency proposition. Address Depart¬
ment M
BRADLEY FERTILIZER WORKS
OF THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CO.
92 State St.,
Boston.
2 Rector St.,
New York.
P. 0. Drawer 970,
Buffalo.
Rose Building,
Cleveland.
Gincinnati Office, 1204 Second National Bank Building.
1911.
113
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE
Receipts of grain at elevators at Buf¬
falo, N. Y., during 1910 amounted to
78,507,100 bushels. The total amount in
transit reported by the lake weighmas-
ter was 102,564,000 bushels.
About 70,000 tons of raw rubber are
produced annually. More than half
comes from South America, one- fourth
from Africa, and the remainder from
Mexico, Central America and various
tropical islands. The United States is
said to be the largest consumer of rub¬
ber.
Adulterated Sole Leather. — Many
people wonder why the soles of shoes,
which appear substantial when bought,
wear so poorly. Perhaps the various
soluble substances used in stuffing sole
leather may account for this lack of dur¬
ability. Some of these adulterants are
glucose and heavy earths, which may be
worked into the pores of leather, add¬
ing somewhat to its bulk and very much
to its weight.
Food Speculators, with large storage
holdings of butter, eggs and poultry, are
having their own troubles. Many of
these men are working with capital bor¬
rowed from banks, which are now push¬
ing them for payment. This, combined
with the large crops of last year, the
comparatively open Winter thus far, and
the forced economy of consumers, makes
the storage outlook bad. There is no
doubt that efforts will be made to work
many of these stored goods out into
trade channels as rapidly as possible.
This may result in decidedly lower
prices to the consumer, though he need
be in no hurry about finding places to
invest his extra savings, as these first¬
hand declines in food prices have a way
of shrinking before reaching the con¬
sumer. In the face of a falling market
some food speculators, who feel that
they are in a strongly controlling posi¬
tion with regard to any item of food, do
careful figuring on the relative profit in
throwing the goods on the market and
taking the necessarily low price, or hold¬
ing them until the proportion of spoilage
is so large as to do away with the sur¬
plus and thus prevent the drop in price.
Cold-blooded as this attitude is, it is
frankly admitted by those in the business.
Fortunately for consumers of food, such
plans often fail to work out as figured,
usually because the would-be monopo¬
lizer of foods has incorrectly estimated
his strength. Unexpected offerings of
his line of goods are thrown on the
market at just the wrong time — for him.
Or demand, that unaccountably fickle
feature of large markets, may slacken.
Whatever the cause the speculator in
such a situation has use for large
amounts of the brand of philosophy
needed by the man who runs for office
with fair prospects of success, but is
defeated. He realizes then that the sit¬
uation which he thought in his grasp
was really in the hands of the “com¬
mon people,” who have a way of com¬
ing to the front when the need arises.
The storage of foods should be sub¬
ject to as thorough regulation as rail¬
roads or any public utilities. Full re¬
ports of the quantities of food stuffs in
storage should be made public fre¬
quently. This would injure no branch
of trade that is not now an acknowl¬
edged detriment to public welfare. Do
away with secret storage and the type
of speculation it fosters, and the most
dangerous element of the food situa¬
tion will be removed. w. w. h.
HENS VS. COWS.
Mr. Dougan Talks Business.
On page 46, J. Allen Cloud tells of his
cows, and from the statement he makes,
I understand that he has two really good
ones. As for the others, they are com¬
mon, as a $60 cow is not much. When
he speaks of hens, he evidently thinks
I would use the nine-dollar hens, but I
would do just as he would with the cows,
pick the one wanted. As I did not
say any two cows, I will tell what I will
do. I will pit 10 hens and two roosters
against either of his two best cows for
12 months, the winner to take all. If he
wins, he takes the 10 hens and two
cocks, and if I win, I am to have his
cow, that is, the one I compete with.
Of course he will think that offer like
me, betting $5 against his $100, but I
think the offer not unreasonable, as I
will choose hens from my present flock,
of which I have been offered, and re¬
fused to sell, four pullets and cockerel,
for $75. Besides that, if the 10 hens can
bring in more revenue than the cow,
they must be worth more as an invest¬
ment. I am perfectly willing you and
others may think me anxious to give
Mr. Cloud some nice poultry. As Mr.
Cloud was so kind as to tell the income
from his best cows, I will reciprocate
for his benefit; I will tell what I expect,
and that is, that the poorest hen will give
me 36 chicks beside nine dozen eggs for
sale. That has been done by members
of this family, and can be repeated
easily. The chicks sold for 40 cents
each, and the eggs at 25 cents per
dozen. But I hold contracts for enough
eggs at twice that price to take all I
can raise. You are welcome to the
poultry, but also remember that I need
a good cow quite badly. In answer to
J. P. S., I can only say that as far into
antiquity as we are able to trace our
family tree, we find neither root nor
branch approaching insanity. You are
at liberty to publish this or not, just as
you choose, but I mean every word writ¬
ten. W. J. DOUGAN.
New Jersey.
READ THIS VERY CAREFULLY. IT MAY SAVE YOU MONEY
AND A LOT OF COSTLY SEPARATOR EXPERIENCE.
How to
Choose
a Cream
Separator
HERE IS THE STANDARD BY WHICH THE EFFICI¬
ENCY OF A CREAM SEPARATOR SHOULD BE TESTED:
It Should Skim Cool Milk.
It’s much harder to skim milk at 65 to 70 degrees
than milk at 85 or 90. Some machines that will do fail-
work with milk at 90 degrees will get all clogged up
with milk at 70. Remember that lots of times in the
winter your milk will be nearer 65 than 85.
It should produce heavy or thin cream as desired. <
Whether you are churning your own cream, selling it
to a local creamery, or shipping it to some distant point,
it is desirable to produce a very thick cream. Thick
cream churns easier, is less liable to spoil, and has less
bulk. It pays to make thick cream, but to do this the
machine must be mechanically perfect. A poorly or
cheaply constructed separator cannot be adjusted to
secure the desired results.
It should separate its full rated capacity.
All cream separators are rated upon the basis of their
capacity for one hour. The DE LAVAL is the only
machine made that will, under all conditions, separate
its rated capacity for one full hour, aud at the same
time skim clean and produce cream of uniform quality.
in addition to the alxive a cream separator should be
simple in construction, durable, easy to operate and
easy to clean.
The DE LAVAL meets all these requirements.
We don’t know of any other separator that does. If
any one representing any other separator comes to you
with a lot of claims make them prove up to this test.
•Your creamery man or your state experiment station will
tell you that it’s a fair test.
We know that the DE LAVAL will give you better
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times and against all comers.
V hy not write today for catalog and prices ?
THE DE LAVAL
SEPARATOR C
IBS-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
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^Jhi ADDRESS T. C It AWI a I7Y, Industrial Act.
MOtiUy c. So O. RY., Box Z RICHMOND. VA.
IN
14
COLORS
r HAH-
HORSE
IN THE
WORLD
HADING
2:10
SIRE
FREE
£ BEAUTIFUL PAINTING tt DAN PATCH 1:55
"Siiisiss aa.is j
YOU THATm^A^lfATnR from life AND I WANT TO ASSURE
^^Ll jLxia.x II lo Ao NATURAL AND LIFE LIKE AS IF DAN STOOD RIGHT "RifF'OP i? vatt
ni>«nv COLORS PICTURE OF DAN’S HEAD THAT I WILL SEND YOU IS PRINTED ONEXTRA
?^^^^E^xPA?ERr,ABS0LUTELY FREE OFADVERTISING AND WILL BE MAILED S
AGE PrEPAID, IN A SPECIAL MAILING TUBE SO THAT IT WILL REACH YOU IN PFRFFUT PONT.
mrI(OB x7i?cLEFT K A greATLY REDUCED ONE COLOR, PHOTO ENGRAV¬
ING OP THE SPLENDID 14 COLORS 16 BY 22 PICTURE YOU WILL RECEIVE
THIS IS AN ELEGANT PICTURE FOR FRAMING TO HANG IN THE FINEST HOME OR OFFICE.
AND PERFECT COLORED REPRODUCTION OF THE FINEST PAINTING
EVER ^A®E OF THE SENSATIONAL AND WORLD FAMOUS CHAMPION STALLION, DAN PATCH
ST A THAT 1 HAD IT REPRODUCED IN A BEAUTIFUL
FOR^nTT COUNTRY HOME. THIS PICTURE WILL BE A PLEASURE
ANnm?n?vLA°mp BECAUSE IT SHOWS DAN’S TRUE EXPRESSION OF KINDNESS
AND HIS LOVABLE DISPOSITION AS NATURAL A3 LIFE. YOU CANNOT BUY A PICTURE LIKE
THIS BECAUSE I OWN THE PAINTING AND HAVE RESERVED IT EXCLUSIVELY FOR THIS USE.
X ^ A ^PRODUCTION of THIS PAINTIN8 MAILED ABSOLUTELY FREE e^~~T
jk-i? if YOU WRITE ME A POSTAL CARD OR LETTER AND ANSWER 3 QUESTIONS.
1 1 • ^ j an^ ANSWER THESE 3 QUESTIONS. 1st. How many head of Each Kind
or Lave Stock and Poultry do you own? 2nd. In what Paper did you see my offer? 3rd. Have you ever
used International Stock Food” for Horses. Cattle. Sheep or Hogs?
Would you like the Finest 14 Colors Horse Picture ever published in the world of the Fastest Harness
n«r«e in all Horse History? I will mail you one copy, size 16 by 22, promptly and with Postage Prepaid.
It you love a (ireat Champion I do not believe you would take $10.00 for The Picture I will send you
free, u you could not secure another copy* Write Me At Once and this Splendid Picture is yours Free.
YOU MUST ANSWER THE 3 QUESTIONS. M. W. SAVAGE, Minneapolis, Minn.
for ms see
DAN PATCH HAS PACED 14 MILES avchabims 1:56K, 30 MILES averaging 1:67^, 73 MILES averaging 1:69^
114
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘‘protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
—a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
Increasing Milk Flow.
We have a fine Jersey cow weighing
probably 1,000 pounds. She calved six
weeks ago, usually gives six gallons of milk
per day, but this time she had milk fever
when the calf was about one week past due.
The cow got well in a week or 10 days, but
does not give over 4% gallons per day since
sickness. We have to buy all our feed.
We use mixed feed, wheat, bran and mid¬
dlings, mixed. We feed morning and even¬
ing each time four quarts mixed feed,
weight three pounds, $26 a ton ; three-quar¬
ters quart feed meal, 1 pound, $25 a ton ;
one-third quart oil meal, three ounces, $25
a ton ; one-third quart cotton-seed meal,
four ounces, $26 a ton. Once each day, in
the afternoon, clover hay and cow-pea vines
with pods on, what she will clean up.
Cow seems to be too fat and getting fatter
all the time. How can we change the
feed to produce more milk and less fat?
She does not like cotton-seed meal, and if
we feed it much heavier is likely to go
“off” on her feed. We used some Alfalfa
meal last Winter, soaking it six to twelve
hours before feeding it. We have 100
pounds or so on hand, but it is a good deal
of trouble. c. m. d.
Lawrence Co., O.
A cow which has had milk fever re¬
quires very careful feeding, in fact, as
much depends on the person doing the
feeding as on the feed itself. You are
using a safe ration at the present time,
but it is not well suited for large milk
production. Your cow is doing exceed¬
ingly well considering her breed, the
feed she is eating and the fact that she
has been sick. If she is particular about
what she eats of course it will pay to
feed only grain which she will eat with
a relish. Alfalfa meal ought to taste
good to her when soaked over night in
warm water and mixed with the grain
ration before feeding. Dried beet pulp
would also tempt her appetite and in¬
crease the flow of milk. If you can get
the dried pulp begin feeding one pound
ppr day soaked thoroughly with water
before mixing with the dry grain. In¬
crease the beet pulp gradually up to four
or five pounds per day and the cotton¬
seed meal to two pounds per day. I do
not think you will have any difficulty
getting your cow to eat cotton-seed
mixed with soaked beet pulp and other
grain. I do not quite understand the
term “feed meal.” If you mean that your
present ration contains one pound of
cornmeal I would discontinue its use at
once, as it is too fattening for your cow.
c. s. G.
Milk and Pork Rations.
1. I have three fresh cows, with a calf
six weeks old, which is going away. The
cow heretofore gave 16 quarts of milk
daily. The milk tested 3.80. The second
cow' is a heifer, two years of age, with her
first calf, dropped December 20. The
third is a young cow purchased last Spring.
Her calf was dropped December 25. I would
like to have a ration compounded for these
cows so that I may obtain a maximum flow
of milk at a minimum cost. I sell my
milk to a nearby creamery, which pays per
pound butter fat. I have ear corn, oats,
clover hay containing one-quarter to one-
fifth Timothy and corn stover. I can buy
coarse wheat bran at $1.40 per 100 pounds,
sugarota, $1.40 per 100 pounds ; wheat, mid¬
dlings, $1.50 per 100 pounds; gluten feed,
$1.45 per 100 ; linseed meal, $2 per 100 ; I
do not wish to buy more feed than absolute¬
ly necessary.
2. I have two litters of pigs, farrowed
December 24 and December 25. First litter
numbers eight, second litter six. These
pigs are fed six quarts of wheat bran and
12 quarts of thick milk daily at present.
When a week old I intend to substitute
wheat middlings for part of bran, but shall
do it gradually. Are my methods the best?
I want these to be nice thrifty shotes by
April 1, so I can sell them or keep them
and fatten. I need $200 by April 1.
These are the materials out of which I
shall try to gather the money. J. f. f.
Here is a ration compounded from
your available feeding stuffs that ought
to give good satisfaction when fed to
good cows. The amounts given are
enough for a large cow weighing about
1,200 pounds in full flow of milk. For
smaller cows the quantity should be de¬
creased :
Digestible.
Dry
Pro-
Carb.
Feeding Stuff.
Matter.
tein.
and fat.
12 lbs. clover hay.
. . .10.20
.816
4.752
3 lbs. Timothy hay.. 2.61
.0S4
1.395
8 lbs. corn stover
. . . 4.80
.136
2.72
3 lbs. ground oats
. . . 2.67
.276
1.704
5 lbs. corn and
cob
meal .
. 4.25
.22
3.325
8 lbs. gluten feed.
. . . 2.70
.696
2.097
2 lbs. linseed meal
. . . 1.82
.086
.97
29.05
2.814
16.963
You will see that while this is a heavy
ration with a comparatively wide nu-
THE RU RAh NEW-YORKER
January 28,
tritive ratio it contains a fair amount of
protein, and in the absence of any suc¬
culent feed I have added two pounds of
oil meal, which partly makes up for
this deficiency. If your cows are in¬
clined to become too fat on this ration
you could add a pound or two of cotton¬
seed meal, but if they are naturally good
milkers it will probably not be necessary
for you to go to this extra expense. The
only feed you will have to buy for the
ration suggested is the gluten and oil
meal, which will cost not more than
&y2 cents per day.
2. You are pursuing the proper course
with your pigs. They should be weaned
when about eight weeks old and fed
sweet skim-milk and wheat middlings to
start with, gradually changing to the
mixed feed in the course of a month or
two. It would also improve their con¬
dition to add a little cornmeal to their
ration during one or two months before
marketing. You will require a warm
place for pigs born in December, or the
cold weather will seriously retard their
growth. It has been my experience that
there is much more profit in September
pigs or those born early in the Spring
than can be made from Winter pigs. It
will also be necessary to keep their
beds dry and clean if they are expected
to keep healthy and produce a satisfac¬
tory growth. C. s. G.
Feeding; Cow and Working Cattle.
Will you suggest feeding rations from
the following feeds, which I have on hand :
Hay, oat straw, stock feed, oats? The
animals to be fed are a cow in good condi¬
tion. giving 14 quarts of milk, butter fat
desired, calved August last, and four-year-
old steers, working every day. F. c. H.
Fairliaven, Mass.
It is an impossibility to compound a
proper ration for either milch cows or work¬
ing steers from the feeding stuffs mentioned.
I would suggest that you use your oat
straw for bedding and feed both cow and
steers all the hay they will eat. In ad¬
dition the cow should have about three
pounds of ground oats and some succulent
feed like silage, roots or beet pulp, also
some feed containing a high percentage of
protein, such as gluten, cotton-seed meal, oil
meal, drv brewers’ or distillers’ grains or
wheat bran. A good grain ration for the
steers would be equal parts by measure of
ground oats, cornmeal and wheat bran. I
would not advise using the stock food
named. c. s. g.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
CLLIC,
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ELLIS ENGINE O’Ur.
.51 Mullstt St.. Dstroit, Mick.
Spreader Value Means What
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The Great Western Is a Quality spreader— made for the men who can
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[ 158 E. Harrison Street Chicago, Illinois
MT A HP
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muTm Dairymen, Take a Look atthe
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It’s the original and “only
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Your FATHERS
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'.mill l\*JJ) j.
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BOOK
GASOUNE
ENGINE
Write today for my beautiful new 50-page Engine Book in four
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gasoline engine on the farm. Write me —
M fntm Galloway, Proa., Wm. Galloway Co.
665 Galloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa
WS®*1
MOST PROFITABLE WORKERS
ON THE FARM
gASPUN&
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THE, PRICE MAKERS
For 17 years we have manufactured
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We have made them so well, they have given such good satisfaction and we have sold so many at such reasonable prices
that we have compelled others to sell their gasoline engines cheaper. They had to do it or quit business.
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3911.
A PERCHERON MARE AS AN INVEST¬
MENT,
IT. IF., Broome Co., A7. Y. — I own a
seven-acre farm and cannot get cultivating
or other work done just when I need it. I
am going to have a horse. If I get a
Percheron mare I can raise a colt and do
my own work at the same time, besides I
can get a good price for Percheron colts.
What must I pay for a good mare (Perch¬
eron)? What weight would you recom¬
mend? I wish to raise good draft colts.
Are Percheron mares gentle? What do you
think I can get for a good Percheron colt
when I get one? What age should mare
be? Tell mo all you can about Percherons.
I see no reason why the owner of a
seven-acre farm should not keep just as
good stock as the owner of 700-acre
farm. The scheme which W. W. sug¬
gests in my opinion is feasible and ad¬
visable. A good Percheron mare will
do all of his work and raise a colt at
the same time, and the colt should be
worth more at the time of weaning than
the cost of the keeping of the mare dur¬
ing the year. The mare should be so
bred that the colt would be foaled in
October or November, so that the mare
and colt might have more leisure in the
Winter than would be possible in the
Summer. Good and succulent food
should be furnished the mare during the
Winter, such as silage, carrots or roots
of some kind, so as to produce milk
and, of course, she should be well-fed
and both should be kept in a stable
warm, clean and dry. In the Spring
time the colt would be ready to wean
and turn out to grass and the mare
could be put to work. The Percheron
mare for breeding should be, of course,
of good conformation, good disposition
and weigh not less than 1500 pounds,
and should be bred to a registered stal¬
lion of the same good qualities and
preferably heavier in weight, say from
1700 to 2000 pounds. A good colt from
such a pair at weaning time would be
worth from $200 to $300 and might be
worth considerably more. Such a mare
as I have described would cost in the
market from $400 to $600, and she should
not be less than three years of age. It
is quite impossible to keep up with the
demand for purebred Percheron colts
and horses, and it seems to be increas¬
ing every day. While the price of the
niare would seem to be high as compared
with non-registered horses, yet it will
be found that the sale of the colts would
pay for the purchase price of the mare
in at least two years, and the mare
could go on breeding for very many years.
As a general rule, Percheron mares and
horses are gentle, true and easily worked.
There would be very little likelihood of
securing a vicious Percheron mare, al¬
though care should be exercised in the
purchase of the breeding animal in that
case as well as all others.
JOHN mTennan.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
I find that in this section W. W.
would have to pay from $200 to $250 for
a well-bred mare not registered. Six
years would be about the best age, and
the weight for the purpose he states
about 1400 pounds. The mare could
certainly do his cultivating and raise
a good colt; in fact, she would be better
off for the work. I believe a Percheron
mare to be the gentlest of any breed.
Certainly I never heard of any that
were otherwise than gentle. In this sec¬
tion a good Percheron colt would com¬
mand from $75 to $100 at six months of
age. From what information I can get
it seems to me that W. W.’s colt would
pay for its keep and the keep of the
mare. The work he would get dine for
nothing. For anyone situated as he is
I should think it would be a good propo¬
sition. I should try it and feel very ,
hopeful of even making some money on
it in the course of three or four years,
aside from getting my work done and
keeping my mare. j. s. pratt.
Orleans Co., N. Y.
There is a pretty strong feeling in this
community that heavier horses, as Perch¬
erons for example, are needed for farm
work Very few have yet been tried,
but there is every indication that their
market is fairly assured, both for work
in the country and in the cities. It is
constantly asserted that a man may suc¬
cessfully raise and market in the smaller
cities, if not elsewhere, horses of 1200
to 1400 pounds. Where a man is 'not
too busy with his team, or in the case !
mentioned of a single mare, I see no
reason why with the blood he names he
may not be successful in raising colts
tor market. Prices are ruling pretty ‘
THK RURAL NEW-YORKER
high, and there ought to be some profit.
I have had no experience in just this
line, but have raised some colts. It is
not all profit. Several farmers that I
know raise colts now and then. I be¬
lieve they are usually successful, but very
likely they would be more so if they
used better blood. There is a good deal
of care attending the raising of a colt,
and. not a little expense. I wouldn’t
advise a man to get into the job ex¬
pecting a fortune out of it, but it seems
to me that I would approve the plan
proposed by W. W. For farm purposes
a horse weighing 1200 or 1300 seems
generally to be preferred, although 1400
is sometimes desired. For city uses and
for country teaming the market seems
to incline towards a slightly heavier
horse. As for prices, I saw a span not
long ago that had been purchased at
$800. That is the highest priced farm
team that I have seen. I think $300
apiece does not seem far out of the way
for good horses, five to seven years old,
and withou; material drawbacks of any
sort. A span of colts, one a yearling
and the other a two-year-old, was of¬
fered a few days ago for $300 for The
two. These were not purebred, how¬
ever. They would weigh now about
2000 pounds, but when mature are likely
to weigh about 1400 pounds each. I
should expect these in four years to
sell at $500 to $600 for the two, or pos¬
sibly a little more, in this locality.
There seems to be one peculiarity about
the horse market. If a man wishes to
buy he find it a hard job to buy what
he wants and get his money’s worth.
If he wants to sell he finds it equally
difficult to find buyers who are willing
to pay the value of his horse. This is
not said to discourage W. W., but it
seems to be one of the incidents that
are worth considering. ii. h. i.yon.
Chenango Co., N. Y.
116
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll got a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
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Saw
Mill
This simple, light running
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1583 Terminal Buildings, New York
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Appleton Mfg.CO.Bala^IH.O.S.Aj
c
G
Questions
orn
rowers
Some people call this corn
Q. Can I raise prize winning
corn?
A. Certainly.
Q. Wffl it pay me?
A. Yes. And you can in¬
crease your crop 1 0 to
20 bushels per acre
with absolutely no in¬
crease of cost.
Q. How?
A. Learn modern seed
selection and methods
of growing, from the
greatest of corn experts.
Q. Who is that?
A. Prof. P. G. Holden of
Iowa.
Q. How can he teach me?
A. His latest booklet,
“Corn Secrets,” tells
exactly what to do.
Results are sure if you
follow his directions.
Q. What does it cost and
how do I get it?
A. Send $1.00 to
FARM JOURNAL,
Philadelphia. This
pays for “Corn
Secrets,” postpaid, and
a 4-year subscription
to that paper.
Q. Where does Farm Journal
come in?
A. Farm Journal publishes
“Corn Secrets.” It is
the foremost farm and
home paper in the
world, with more
than 750,000 sub¬
scribers. If you grow
corn, you need it
every day of your life.
HOLDEN,
the man who
knows corn
Corn growers, the above gives our story in a nutshell. We
have too little room to describe
CORN SECRETS
at length here. We can only say that it points the new way
to profitable corn growing. It will teach thousands where
Holden has been able to reach and instruct hundreds only.
|gfoj||| h will increase the profits of corn growers by millions of dollars
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And all of this knowledge, experience, and simple, clear directions Holden
has put into Corn Secrets.” It contains just what he would teach you if
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and satisfactory book. Students of Prof. Holden and
Readers of “Corn Secrets” Will Win
most of the prizes offered for corn in the great contests of 191 I. If you enter for a prize
y°u ."ffL hardlLy expect to win without this booklet. You may, but it is hardly likely,
oend $1.00 to the Farm Journal, accepting the following great offer: _
Copy of “CORN SECRETS,” postpaid) n , C 1 a a
FARM JOURNAL, Four Full Years ) umJ
Book and paper may go to different addresses, if necessary
If sent within / 0 days we will send free our
" Poor Richard Revived” almanac for 1911.
Do not let another season go by without applying Holden's rules
in growing your corn. Make the extra profit THIS year. Talk this
over with your neighbors. Co-operate with us in this good work.
Farm Journal has been Helping’ Farmers
for Thirty-four Years
It is the standard farm and home monthly, with 750,000 subscribers. There is no better.
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FARM JOURNAL
130 Clifton St., Philadelphia, Pa,
FARM JOURNAL,
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For the enclosed $1.00 send Farm Journal full four
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Name
P. o.
R- F. D . State .
If in time please send almanac.
lie
THE RURAI> NEW-YORKER
January 28,
The Henyard.
Our hens made good, 3157 dozen from
400 hens, sold for $730.04. That does not
include eggs for family use, which would
average three dozen a week. That is what
the good wife and daughter did as a side
line in the egg business. But they read
The K. N.-Y. a. i.
Bethalto, Ill.
I think I am doing well with my liens,
and not much fooling. I took 100 hens,
mostly Lieghorns. We used all eggs needi-d
for a family of 12. We set 23 dozen,
and sold on the open market (no private
sale for hatching), just store prices. We
sold to the sum of $212.32. We feed
whole grain, barley, buckwheat, a few oats,
some bran, roots, shell and good water.
New Y’ork. o. b. s.
The poultry outlook for the coming sea¬
son in general is the brightest I have ex¬
perienced in the last 12 years, both in sales
of chicks and eggs, also breeding stock. As
to comparative profits in little chicks, eggs
or breeding stock, that is a matter of opin¬
ion. and depends on how situated and con¬
veniences installed. For the man of mod¬
erate means starting in I would advise buy¬
ing chicks, especially of the Leghorn varie¬
ties, as they become profitable at an earlier
age. As for us we find the day-old chick
business is the most profitable of all, as
our eggs hatch exceedingly well we are
able to sell at a moderate price.
Westchester Co., N. Y. john h. weed.
The Other Side. — Last Winter we had
80 hens, some of them we paid as high as
75 cents apiece for, which we thought
rather high. We kept account and found
they paid for keen and some over through
the Winter, and grain was high ; we had
everything to buy.. In April we com¬
menced setting hens on eggs we got from
chicken raisers, good stock, and some of
our own eggs. Not more than half the
eggs hatched ; then a cold wet spell killed
lots of the chicks. When half grown a
vile skunk got into the coop one night and
killed four White Leghorns, and wo only
got 15 cents for his skin and about a pint
of oil out of his carcass. The two pullets
he left commenced laying in November
when eggs were selling at 40 cents a dozen
at the cooperative store. Since Christmas
eggs have dropped to 37 cents a dozen.
We lost some chickens by huddling when
we changed them from the small coop to
the chicken house. The hawks' got some,
some had rickets. Now after one year’s
experience trying to raise chickens to make
hens for laying purposes (counting out the
roosters) we think a laying pullet ought
to be worth about $75 instead of 75 cents,
and fresh eggs should bring 08 cents a
dozen at the least. i. m. s.
Lisbon, Me.
Of late years, our experience has been
confined to R. C. Rhode Island Reds and
Indian Runner ducks. We breed only from
our own birds, cull out all specimens that
show the least deterioration from a high
standard of vigor, no matter when it shows
or how valuable the individual may be.
All utility hens are disposed of Immediately
after their second laying year. We feed
from November 1 to May 1 oats and wheat
at daylight, moist mash at noon and whole
corn at night. The mash consists of hran.
ground oats, cracked corn, gluten meal.
Alfalfa, charcoal, grit and beef scraps, and
varies in proportions with the seasons, being
much richer in scrap, grit and charcoal from
July 1 to December 1 (the moulting season!.
Five years ago, when we first used this
system of feeding (which we have had no
reason to change) it gave us an average i
annual egg yield of 143 eggs per hen with
a flock of 300 hens and pullets. The
same system has been carried on since,
with yearly improvement, until the present
output shows an average of 170 eggs each
a year. As the treatment and feeding
has heeq, the same, we can only attribute
the increase of product to increased vigor
of constitution. While five years ago we
had trouble in getting our Reds up to
standard weight, they now show an average
of 75 per cent, over weight.
SINCLAIR SMITH.
Abuse of Kindness. — Beginners at poul¬
try keeping tend to overfeed their chickens
during the Winter. Too much grain : too I
little animal food and green food. Fowls I
require each of these three kinds of food :
all the year round, in order to keep in
vigorous health, and if they are overfed I
or underfed with either one there is apt
to be a loss in vitality that shows itself j
in diminished egg production. It is not
much trouble to throw out grain two or
three times a day, nor to furnish enough
animal food in the shape of beef scrap ;
but to supply a sufficient ration of fresh
green food Is not always an easy matter.
So there are a great many flocks' that are
compelled to get along on a very scanty
amount of vegetable food. Yet experience
teaches that chickens need bulky vegetable
diet every day, just as human beings and
our cattle do, not so much for the nourish¬
ment it affords as for its effect on the
appetite and digestion. They consume
large amounts when they can get it. When
the supply is small and at the same time
they are freely fed with g.rain they tend
to grow too fat, and the unhealthy condition
shows itself in the laying of soft-shelled
eggs, diminished egg production, lack of
fertility, disturbances of the digestive or¬
gans, and sometimes death. It would an¬
noy and offend most poultry keepers if they
were accused of abusing their fowls ; yet
such a charge would be true of many of
them. The term abuse does not always
mean neglect or harshness ; it may often be
applied justly to those who are overanxious
to do all they can for their birds. More
hens are injured by overfeeding and cod¬
dling than by lack of food and rough usage.
WM. R. FISHER.
daily ration does not include meat in some
form. The best preventive is to keep the
hens busy. Start them to working early
in the morning and keep them at it all day.
It is a good plan to feed a portion of
cracked grains in the litter each morning.
This should be scattered around and well
covered so that the hens will have to
scratch for it. At noon feed meat scraps
or cut bone and green food in some form ;
also give them free access to a good dry
mash. For the afternoon feed they may
•be given more grain, which will keep them
working until dusk. If any of the hens
are injured they should be removed until
the wound is entirely healed. F. T. F.
An Open Front Henhouse.
A short time ago I read an article in
The R. N.-Y. on the open front poultry
house and asking for experience with such
houses. I can give but one year's experi¬
ence, which was highly satisfactory to me.
Seven years ago I built a poultry house
25 miles east of Buffalo, N. Y., 15x45,
divided into three rooms, intending to keep
50 White Leghorns in each compartment.
The building was 5% feet high at the
rear and eight feet in front. To each
room there was an opening six feet square
over which poultry netting was fastened.
1 then made a light frame the size of
opening and stretched a good quality of
muslin over same, and hinged it to top of
opening, which was close to the roof as
possible, so as to let the sunlight penetrate
to the rear of house. 1 built a roosting
platform of one inch matched • boards at
the rear slightly sloping toward the front
and three feet from the ground. I also
made a muslin curtain on a frame hinged
to the roof to close down against the
front of roosting platform. Other inside
arrangements can be made to suit owner.
Now for results. All my neighbors
said my chickens would freeze, but I did
not think so. That Winter was the coldest
I have ever experienced ; for three weeks
the thermometer registered from zero to
20 below, and the morning of January 17
the mercury said 27 degrees below zero.
Some of my neighbors came over to count
my dead chickens, but instead there was
not even a frosted comb. I had the ground
floor covered to a depth of eight to 10
inches with planer shavings, and feed all
grain in this litter, mixing it thoroughly
by scuffling through it with my feet, and
it was a great lot of pleasure to me to see
those Leghorns make those shavings fly.
They make the finest litter for all pur¬
poses that can be found, and when we got
a bright sunny day the way those chickens
would sing one would think there were
500 instead of 50. If I were to build one
or 100 poultry houses I would follow out
above plan. o. o. marston.
Fighting Hens.
What is the cause of fighting among a
flock of hens? Mine are all April and May
hatched pullets. They sometimes kill each
other, and as they are fine strain of S. C.
White Leghorns, I do not like to lose them.
Gasport, N. Y. j. c. h.
I think the cause of the fighting is prob¬
ably due to idleness. Leghorns very often
become uneasy unless they have plenty to
do. This may lead to picking or feather
pulling. An accidental taste of blood cre¬
ates a hankering for more, and the results
are often disastrous, especially when the
Do Your
Buildings
Need Paint?
Examine your buildings and see if they
need painting now. If they do, don’t put
the work off because you believe linseed
oil will drop in price. There is no hope
of it. Besides, the price of paint made-
to-order of
“Dutch Boy Painter”
White Lead and pure linseed oil is lower than
you may think, if you have not actually figured it.
Get prices from your dealer on the ingredients
of this old-fashioned, long-wearing, pure white
lead paint. You will find it cheaper than any
other paint you’d think of using.
Write for our free "Painting Helps No. \ 208
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
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St. Louis Boston Buffalo
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8787 Filbert Street Philadelphia, Pa.
or The Machinery Warehouse
3707 S. Ashland Ave. Chicago, Illinois
^-Galloway
MANURE SPREADER
The real thing. A successful 50 bushel Spreader with K
more than four years of success behind it, only $39.50j
This is only one of the great Galloway line. More
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IW39-
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; • —
sal
get This Big book
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iSL
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Let me quote you prices on a Galloway Spreader
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, don’t put it off till tomorrow. — WM. GALLOWAY
WM. GALLOWAY CO., 669 Galloway Sta., Waterloo, Iowa
Let Me Tell You How I Divide the Melon with You
IN MEMORY OF THE DEAD
[Remember the sacred duty you owe the dead |
REPUBLIC CEMETERY FENCES AND GATES
Will protect and beautify the resting place of yourdeparted loved
ones. They are inexpensive and almost everlasting. Made of large
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Special prices to churches and cemeteries.
A Postal Will Bring OnrCatalog.
Republic Fence 4 Gate Co., 211 Republic SL, N. Chicago, Ill.
iESSSsS
STOUT— STRONG-DURABLE— CHEAP
Brown Fences will outlast any olher because of
heavier wires and thicker galvanizing. Investigate
before you buy. 160 styles for all purposes.
Bargain Prices-14c Per Rod Up
delivered at your railway station. Send today for
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THE BROWN FENCE Sc WIRE CO..
Bopfc 59 _ CLEVELAND, OHIO
FENCE
Strongest
Maefe—
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Forl8-ln. 14 8-4efor 22-in. Hog
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for 32-Inch; 25e for a 47-inch
Farm Fence. 48-lnch Poultry-
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trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1. 45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
Madeof High Carbon Double Strength a
Colled Wire. Heavily Galvanized to
prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at
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We pay al I freight. 37 heights of farm
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COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 263 Winchester, Indiana. I
. <• D
FROST
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Extra Heavy Weight Farm Fences. Unlit I
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Ask vour dealer. FREE catalog.
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Dspt. H Cleveland, O.
For Best EXTENSION LADDER " rS??, T"
JOHN J. POTTEIJ.U Mill St., Binghamton, N. Y.
,p*f re j?°rn iiiir.’N * n -i« ir<ij .ii ’
40 Acres 40 Acres J —
Wheat
30 Acres
Oats 10 Acres
■1 I
U-.W ■!«!
nay
. . . mtnm
40 Acres 5**5
1 I Ah4«
v. t W*
r*
Fences cost almost nothing compared
with results obtained
A farm of 160 acres fenced into five fields, as shown in the diagram, takes 1,040
rods of fence. At' fairly reasonable prices the year’s yield from this farm is;
Wheat . S600.00
Oats . 157.50
Hogs . 400.00
Cattle . 4000.00
Market value of year’s crop . S2157.50
Cost of complete fence . $3SO
Or, in ten years, value of yield $21,575 —
and the fence still good
What did the fence do? Besides enclosing the fields it facilitated crop
rotations and the feeding of stock. Without the fence the same profit could not
have been realized from the stock.
Fences cost almost nothing compared with results obtained.
American fence is made better than ever. It is a thoroughly galvanized square mesh
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FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver San Francisco
Send for copy of “ American Fence News," profusely illustrated, denoted to the interests of farmers and show-
tjia how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm. Furnished free upon applicate
1911.
117
MARKETS
Week Ending January 20, 1911.
BUTTKK
Price dropped two cents during the week,
and market remains unsettled except on the
higher grades. Retailers are selling best
print at ol cents and tub creamery at 28.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 26 ®
Good to Choice . 24
i.ower Grades . 21
Storage . 19
State Dairy, best . 24
Common to Good . 19
Factory . 16
Packing Stock . . 14
®
@
®
(at
.4 1
.25
.28
.25
.25
.28
.18
.17
CHKKSK
Trade is dull and holders anxious to
clear out their stock on hand. Market on
medium and lower grades decidedly in buy¬
ers’ favor. Full cream 18 to 20 cents re¬
tail.
Full Cream, best . 15 @ .17
Common to Good . 12 @ .13
Skims . 05 @ .12
EGGS
Market continues in
bad shape.
with
heavy supplies of
under
grades.
Retail
price for best, 45
cents ;
others 3
0
cents
up.
White, good to choice..
@
.35
Mixed Colors, best .
@
32
Common to Good .
(„
.30
Storage .
@
.22
Western, best .
.34
Under grades .
@
,2r
BEANS
Market firm and
and pea somewhat
trade light,
improved.
Medium
Marrow, bu .
® 2.50
® 2.25
@ 2.30
® 2.20
® 3.40
® 3.10
Medium .
Pea .
Yellow Eye .
Red Kidney . .
WbiteKidney .
. 3.00
HOPS
Practically no business is being#done, as
the few stocks in first hands are being
held above quoted prices.
Prime to Choice . 26 @
Common to Good . 22 @
Pacific Coast . 18 <®
German Crop, 1910 . 48 <si
.28
.25
.22
.50
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 ®
Standard Grade . 13 @
.24
.15
DRIED FRUITS
Some business noted in prime sun-dried
Pennsylvania quarters. Fancy evaporated
largely nominal.
Apples, evap. fancy . 12 ® 13 •
Evap.. com. to good . 06 @ .11
Sun Dried . 06 @ .07*4
Chops . 04 lira) .04*4
Cores and Skins . 04 ffi .04*4
Raspberries . 28 <g* .30
Cherries . 15 ® .18
FRESH FRUITS
Supply of apples offered is large, but
trade is active, and some choice barrelled
fruit is selling above quotations. Cran¬
berry trade dull, as might be expected
after the holidays.
Apples, Ben Davis, bbl . 2 00 @ 4.00
King . 3.00 ® 5.25
Greening . 3.00 ® 5.50
York Imperial . . 3.50 ® 5.50
Baldwin . 3.00 ® 4.75
Western —
Newtown, box . 1. 75 @ 2.50
Spitz, box . 1.76 @ 2.25
Rome, box . 1 .rO @ 2 50
Winesap, box . I.75 @ 2.50
Gano. box . . . 1.45 ® 1.75
Cranberries —
Cape Cod. bbl . 8.00 @10.00
Long Island, bbl . . 8.50 ® 9.50
Jersey, bbl . 7.00 @ 8.50
Pears. Kieffer. hbl . 1.50 @ 3.25
Straw beiries, Fla., qt. . .50 ® .66
HONEY
Trade light, best clover retailing at 20
cents, and dark 15 to 18.
White Clover, lb . 12
Buckwheat, lb . 09
Extracted, lb . 07
VEGETABLES
Potato receipts large and market very
weak. Cabbage plenty and selling slowly.
Potatoes at retail $1 to $1.25 per bushel ;
cabbage per head 10 to 15 cents.
Potatoes— N. Y. State, 180 lbs . 1.37
Long Island, 180 lbs . 1.50
Bermuda, bbl . 4.00
Maine . 1.40
Sweet, Jersey, bbl . 1.00
Brussels Sprouts, qt . 05
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 2.00
Carrots, bbl . l.Ou
• Southern, new, bbl . 1.50
Cabbage— Danish seed, ton . 8.00
Domestic . 6 00
„ ‘fed . 30^
Celery, doz . 15
Chicory, bbl . 2.00
Escarol. bbl . 3.00
Endive, French, lb . 12
Kale, bbl . 1 00
Kohlrabi, Southern, bbl . 3.00
Lettuce. *4-bbi. bkt . 2.25
New Orleans, bbl . 2.50
Peppers, Southern, bn . 3.00
Onions, Orange Co., bag . , . 1.50
Conn. White, bbl . 4.00
White pickle, bu . 75
Peas. Fla., bu . 3.00
Komaine, Southern, *4 bbl . 1.50
String BeaDs, bu . 2.25
Spinach, bbl . ' 2 50
Squash, bbl . I.75
Turnins, Rutabaga, bbl . 75
White, bbl . l.Oo
Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches . 2.00
Egg Plants, Fla., box . 4.00
Parsnips, bbl . 1 75
Parsley bbl . 2.00
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Mushrooms in large supply and
1.62
@ 2.00
® 6.00
« 1.75
@ 2.50
® .12
® 4.00
® 1.50
® 2.00
®12.00
@ 9.00
®35.00
@ .55
@ 3.00
@ 3.50
® .13
® 1.25
@ 4.00
@ 3 00
@ 3.00
® 4.00
® 2.25
@ 6.00
® 1.00
® 5.00
@ 2.00
@ 3.25
® 4.50
® 2.26
@ 1.00
® 1.50
® 3.00
® 6.00
@ 2.25
® 4. 00
THE RURAh NEW-YORKER
DRESSED POULTRY
of fresh stock moderate, and
Fancy turkeys and chickens
roast-
poor.
fancy. Cucum-
Tomatoes lower except for
hers at retail 15 cents each
Cucumbers, best, doz., . 1 75
.15 @ .30
4.00
.35
.76
cucumbers, best, doz., . I.75 ® 2 00
Mushrooms, lb . . ^ 83
Radishes, 100 bunches . 24X) @
Tomatoes, lb . K, %
Rhubarb, doz bunches .
15
60
live poultry
1 rade dull. Market weak and unsettled.
Chickens, lb . . &
Boosters.*.* " " ’ . JS ®
Ducks.... . ]V ®
Geese . .*.*.* . Jx
Turkeys. . Jj?
@
«
@
•13*4
.16
.11
.16
.14
.16
Receipts
business fair.
scarce. Turkey at retail, 28 to
ing chickens 22 to 25.
Turkeys. Fancy . 2*
Common to Good . . 18
Chickens, roasting....... . 18
Common to Good . 13
Fancy broilers, lb . 25
Fowls . : . 12
Capons, best, lb . 24
Medium grades . 22
Small and Slips . 15
Ducks, Spring . 15
Geese, spring . 12
Squabs, doz . 2.00
Guineas, spring, pair . 65
GAME
Ducks. Canvas, pair . 2.25
Mallard, pair . 1.00
Red Head . 1.50
Rabbits, pair . 25
Jack Rabbits, pair . 50
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Choice lambs and calves scarce,
one cent higher. Lamb chops retail
25 cents, pork loin 18 to 20.
Calves, good to prime . .14
Common . 09
Bambs. hothouse, head . 6.00
Pork, light . 12
Medium to heavy . . 10
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14
HAY AND STRAW
Market steady on choice Timothy
on lower grades.
Hay, No. 1, ton . 21.00 ® 22.00
NO. 2 . 19.00 @ 20.00
No. 3 . 16.00 ® 18.00
Clover Mixed . 12.00 ® 18 00
Clover . . 12.OO ® 17.00
Wild Hay . 9.00 ® 10.00
8traw, Rye . 10.00 @ 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 ® 9.00
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 25.50 ® 26.00
Standard Middlings . 25.75 ® 28.00
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop ..: . 22.50 ® 23.50
Din seed Meal . 35.OO @ 36.00
Corn Meal . 24.00 ® 26.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers. 100 lbs . 5.00
Oxen and Stags . 4.00
Cows . 2.40
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 8.00
Culls . 4.00
Sheep, 100 lbs . 2.50
Lambs . 6.30
Hogs . 7.8O
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1. Northern Spring . 1.23
No. 2, Red . 1.00
No. 1 Macaroui . 1.07
Corn, as to quality, bush . 52
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35
Rye . 80
Pork
22 to
@ .16 '
® .12
® 11 .50
® .12*4
® .11
® .17
dull
@ 6.70
@ 5.00
@ 4.50
@11.00
® 7.00
@ 4.50
® 7.00
@ 8.90
@
@
®
@
.53
.40
.85
Away with mystery!
You have a right to know
what your roofing is made of.
That’s the real way to make
sure it will last,
Genasco
Ready Roofing
is made of Trinidad Lake asphalt —
Nature’s everlasting waterproofer.
You know this natural asphalt will last
in a roof.
The Kant-Ieak Kleet insures against
leaky seams. Does away with cement.
Supplied with Genasco, when speci¬
fied.
Look for the trade-mark at your dealer’s.
Mineral and smooth surface. Insist on Gen¬
asco. A written guarantee — if you want it.
VV rite for samples and the Good Roof Guide
Book.
THE BARBER ASPHALT
PAYING COMPANY
largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.
PHILADELPHIA
New York San Francisco Chicago
Cross-section, Genasco Smooth-surface Roofing
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And Now Ty
World’s Champion
140-Egg Incubator
Complete tor Only $
WHY buy any other
incubator at any
Train Your Colt
in 8 Hours— Break Your
Horse of Any Bad Habits
by my simple method. I can teach you to break
any colt in 8 hours thru my wonderful mail sys¬
tem, or break your horse
of any bad habits, such as
balking, kicking, shying,
being afraid of automo¬
biles; in fact, any habit can be
cured by my method.
Instructions complete and simple;
mastered in a short time with little
study.
$1 ,200 to $3,000 a Year
At Home or Traveling
Several of my pupils are making big money
giving exhibitions in different cities. Others
train horses at home, making S15 to £25 a head.
You can do the same.
I have graduate pupils in every walk in life—
Farmers, Professional Horse Trainers, Horse
Breeders, Biding Masters, Teamsters, etc.
I have two couiyes — one, “How to Train a Oolt to
Drive, and Break Horses of Bad Habits”— the other.
How to Ride and Train the Saddle Horse; Different
Gaits and Fancy Steps ”
Let me send you my Free Book on horses, and the
opportunities open to you. Write today, now, while
you think of it, for Free Book. Also tell me about
your horse. ^
Prof. Jesse Beery. Box 57, Pleasant Hill. Ohio
J. V. ROHAN, Pres.
price? Why not
own a World’s Cham¬
pion Belle City? Yet,
my price is only S7.55
and remember, I furnish
you a big, full size 140-
egg machine at that
,, figure.
Mrs. M.J. Clifton of Quinlan, Oklahoma,
settled the world’s championship by winning
the Successful Farming Hatching Contest
against all other machines, March 29, 1910, by
hatching 140 chickens— the full ca pacity of her
machine a 140-egg Belle City Incubator.
Many other machines were in the contest-
other machines had high scores — but 710
Freight Paid
E. ol
Rockies
other machine hatched
its full capacity — 140-
egg size— 140 eggs set
— 140 chicks hatched.
Why pay much more
than my price for as
large a capacity as
the Belle City, or the
same price for a much smaller machine, and
yetget an unknown hatcher? I takegreat pride
in the fact that I have started thousands and
thousands of people in the money-making,
poultry raising- business, at small expense,
for their complete outfit. What you want is
a hatching outfit that is right in every detail
—that s known to be perfect, yet simple in its
operation — that will make a success from the
very start, out of your very first hatch.
Complete Hatching Outfit— My $7.55 Belle City
Incubator and $4.85 Brooder, Ordered Together
Only $11.50 — Freight Prepaid East of Rockies
Let me ship you one of these complete
outfits, all freight charges prepaid, to your
station, on 90 days’ free trial. The Belle City
Incubator is an old, tried, tested, proven
machine. I have been in the incubator
business and my machines have been
on the market for 28 years. I print thou¬
sands of testimonials and photographs
of people who are using my machines in
my printed matter. My plan is quick sales
and a lot of them at a low price.
A brief description of the Championship
Belle City Incubator is as follows:
Double walls — dead air space all over —
copper tank and boiler — hot-water heater —
tester— burner and safety lamp included.
The Belle City 140-chick Brooder is the
only one having double walls and dead air
spaces. I guarantee it to raise more healthy
chicks than any other brooder made. Hot-
water top heat large, roomy, wire runway-
yard, with platform— metal safety lamp and
burner.
I will be glad to send my literature of this
complete hatching outfit free, giving you all
the information you may want. I advise
£OUyto„8ret your outfit early- Have it on
hand all ready to run when your eggs are
ready.
I have sold thousands of machines direct
best regulator— deep, roomy nursery— strong from mv advertisement r1..r„„n„
fb w,y7>hi8:h ^s-double door-and every- reads farm papers knows that I am resoon-
thenRpi1ittrR^y^”r<i0n-??bincubator— allin sible- If you want to. you take no risk in
the Belle City. Tycos thermometer— egg ordering direct from this advertisement
Thousands Order Direct From This Advertisement
and Save Money. Why Not You ?
By ordering my Championship Belle
City Incubator and Brooder together, you
get the complete outfit for S1I.50— freight
charges prepaid— (E. of Rockies.) This
saves you 90 cents on the regular price of
the incubator and brooder and gets the out¬
fit delivered to you at your station, all freight
charges prepaid — be ready to run when your
eggs are ready to set.
By ordering from this advertisement, you
save time, save money, do away with pos¬
sible delay in getting your machine r nd take
no risk, because I guarantee to refund your
money at the end of 90 days’ free test if
everything about my complete hatching
outfit is not exactly as represented in this
advertisement.
You can hold me to every claim made
here. The editors of this paper protect
your interests and stand back of me and
my factory in guaranteeing to do as repre¬
sented. Why not cut out this advertise¬
ment, keep it for reference, send
your order, get your outfit
be ready for the season.
at once, and
I Guarantee the Belle City Incubator
to outhatch any machine made—
when operated under like condi¬
tions— no matter what kind or what
the price. Your money back if this
test proves untrue.
me
140-Chick
Brooder
$4.85
3T 'v— —
m*.
t -m
4"
11140-
Egg
Incu¬
bator
$7.55
I ship quick from Buffalo, Kansas
City, St. Paul or Racine —
And I Guarantee to ship all orders
sent from this ad on day received.
The Largest Manufacturer in the World ot 140-Egg Incubators
—the Best Size Under All Conditions.
I. V. ROHAN, President
Belle City Incubator Co., Box 48 Racine, Wis.
Get Your Share ol
$1,000,000,000
Chicken Money
CYPHERS
—In 1911. Poultry and eggs bring handsome
prices— steadily. The farmer is the natural
poultiyman. Eggs and poultry are staple crops
tor hun. But go into poultry raising in dead
earnest— with the right equipment.
Incubators
and Brooders
are the World’s Standard Hatchers — tried and
proved; fireproof, insurable, guaranteed .
Genuine, non-moisture machines — self-ven¬
tilating, self-regulating.
Used by more Government Experiment Sta¬
tions, more large poultry plants, more leading
fanciers, than all others put together.
The Cyphers is always the final choice of the
poultryman or woman who ?nea7is business. It’s
true economy to start right.
Send today ror our Big Free
Book— ‘‘Profitable Poultry Rais¬
ing,” and complete catalog of
Cyphers Incubators, Brooders
and Standard Supplies. Address
nearest office.
Cyphers Incubator Co., Dept. 38
Buffalo, X. Y.,New York City, Chicago, Ill.,
Booton, Mass., Kansas City , Mo ,, Oakland, Cal.
•nd Free Book
tor
40%.
rx
%.
STANDARD
^CYPHERS INCU8ATDR.1
fir* Preoftdr ln«ura M*. |
MAKE HENS LAYH
more eggs; larger, more vigorous chicks;
heavier fowls, by feeding cut bone.
MAUII’C latest model
HI HHll O BONE CUTTER
— cuts fast, easy, tine ; never clogs.
I Days' Fro. Trial. No money in advance. Book free.
SF. W.MANN CO., Box 15, MILFORD, MASS. M
LIFE PRODUCERS
SUCCESSFUL INCUBATORS
LIFE PRESERVERS
SUCCESSFUL BROODERS
The only machines that rival the mother
hen. Sold on a Dlrect-to- You Fac-
Prlce. Gel our Big FREE Incubator Book and save
. Send postal now. Booklet, “Proper Care and Feeding
of small Chicks. Ducks and Turkeys" sent for 10c.
OES MOINES INCUBATOR CO , 80 Second SI.. Dei Moines, la.
125 Egg Incubator
and Brooder 3VJr
I If ordered together we send
[both for $10. Freight
'paid east of Rockies. Hot
water, copper tanks, double walls,
double glass doors. Free catalog
describes them. Send for it today.
Wisconsin Incubator
118, ' Racine,
1 CC Egg Incubator $1 125
1%/s./ Chick Brooder 1 1
KRK1GHT PREPAID (East of Rockies)
The Progressive has cold rolled copper
tank, hot water heat, double disc regulator,
self ventilating, deep nursery, high legs,
double doors, safety lamp. It is made from
Special Heat and Cold Resisting Material
with hundreds of dead air cells. Write today.
PROGRESSIVE INCUBATOR CO., Box 145 Racine, WIs.
G. C. WHEELER, Manager.
118
"THE; RURAL NEW-YORKER
January 28,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
We have on file at least 50 letters
with money from people who forgot to
sign their names. Whenever we get a
letter accusing us of taking money with¬
out giving credit, we look through this
file and usually find a letter from the
same post office written in the same
hand. We all make mistakes of this
kind at times, from the mail boy to the
post office clerk. If things are not right,
write us, politely, if you can summon
the grace, but write anyway. We would
like to dispose of this idle money.
On January 6, 1908, I skipped a crate of
eggs to Wilmington, Del., by Adams Express
Company, which was never delivered and
never settled for by the express company.
The value is $9.85. I would be glad if you
could collect the bill. J. w. s.
Delaware.
This complaint came to us just two
years after the shipment. We effected
settlement in three months. The ship¬
per was unable to get any redress di¬
rect.
The agent here has settled my claim in
full against the Adams Express Company.
Thanking you for the interest you have
taken in the matter, I am sincerely yours,
Connecticut. g. b. d.
This complaint was for loss of a
bird and cage in shipment. T he ex¬
press company at first disclaimed re¬
sponsibility, but after investigation we
insisted on settlement, and the company
settled. The claim was for $12.50.
I am having some correspondence with
the Wood, Harmon Co., of 201 Broadway,
about lots at West Brownsville, and be¬
fore I close any deal would like to have
your opinion of the location and the pros¬
pect for any advance in prices in that part
of Long Island. investok. .
U. S. A.
This investor is a long distance from
New York, and there is absolutely
nothing in the lots referred to that
would in our judgment make them a
good investment for him or anyone
similarly situated. A mechanic or clerk
on small salary employed in the city,
and with capital enough to build, might
be able to buy such a lot and live on it
long enough to see the property worth
the cost. But even such an investor
would be able to buy a home for its
present value, and one that he could sell
for about the cost, if lie wished later
to do so. Long Island is covered with
lots which were originally sold by pro¬
motion companies, and which have since
been sold for taxes. If you want to
know how badly you would get stuck
on buying Long Island lots, send $10 to
a reliable real estate appraiser and get
an appraisal of the lots. It will be a
better investment than the lots.
It develops that the chief in charge of
the Monaton Realty Investing Corporation,
whose offices are in the Times Building,
New York City, is Pierre M. Looker. This
information will not be hailed with shouts
of delight after it becomes known that Mr.
Looker has been a close associate of An¬
drew D. Meloy, George C. Power and Dr.
Richard C. Flower, the last mentioned per¬
son having a notorious reputation in finan¬
cial circles and even now is a fugitive from
justice. Looker is president of the cor¬
poration. Associated with him are two
ministers, the Rev. John C. Chapman, of
the Presbyterian faith, and the Rev. Charles
E. Nash, a Baptist clergyman. The Mon¬
aton Corporation has been offering unusual
prolits from its real estate operations. .On
December 31, 1909, it claimed assets of
-$1 462.809, but no one can tell whether
these assets are inflated and for how much
as there never has been a conservative ap¬
praisal made by competent real estate ex¬
perts. The personnel of the board of di¬
rectors is not one to carry assurances that
it is a management capable of making a
permanent success in the real estate busi¬
ness. — Financial World, New York.
Tiie above is reproduced for the
benefit of subscribers who have been
requested to loan the concern money on
certificates or notes. The 1'inancial
World confirms what we have hereto¬
fore advised. Do not put your money
into things that you cannot control and
know nothing about.
There are two men in this vicinity so¬
liciting for a co-operative creamery. They
want 55 stockholders at $100 each, and
agree to build and equip a factory. Do you
think this a good investment for a farmer t
What can you tell me about the success
generally of such a scheme. g. v.
New York.
As no names are given we can say
nothing definite about this particular
project. The size and expense of the
creamery should depend on the amount
of milk available. The rule is that these
creamery promoters build too large and
too expensive, and charge altogether
too much in the way of profit for them¬
selves. They collect their money, and
leave the farmers with an expensive
property to operate and with such a
heavy capitalization that they are handi¬
capped from the start. Want of ex¬
perience often adds to the difficulty, and
dissatisfaction, discouragement and loss
often follow. This is much of the ex¬
perience of the past. And yet coopera¬
tive creameries are a success where care¬
fully organized and managed. To do
this farmers should organize their own
company and secure estimates from
good reliable supply houses for equip¬
ment. In this way the producers get
some experience as they go along, and
are in much better position to start the
business successfully than they are
when the plant is thrown on their hands
all complete. Besides, they can organize
for a half or a third of the money
which the promoters’ plant will cost
them, and of course, start off with a
lighter financial load.
Last month the Capital Investment
Company, Chicago, Ill., was raided by
Federal Inspectors, and Sithman McHie,
its alleged head, was arrested and put
under $10,000 bail under the charge of
running a bucket shop.
You have been selected as one of a lim¬
ited number to whom I may offer a building
lot in the estate. Would you like to receive
one of these lots as an advertising pre¬
mium? If so apply at once.
Boston, Mass. william s. jackson.
A New Hampshire subscriber asks us
what we think of the above. It i9 an
old fake that has been worked over and
over for years. When you make the ap¬
plication you will find that in order to
get the one lot free, you must either buy
another and pay more for it than both
are worth, or pay enough for deed and
recording to give them a good profit on
the lot.
POULTRY
TRUTHS
1
After all, it’s the
TRUTH— the plain
unvarnished prac¬
tical facts about
poultry-raising, that
you want, not theories
advanced by writers
who too often have “an axe
to grind.”
Mr. S. B. Twining, a lead¬
ing authority on practical
poultry-raising for profit, has
written a valuable book that
gives readers the benefit of his
life-long experience — a plain,
honest statement of facts.
Every phase of the poultry business
covered including Capon Culture.
POULTRY TRUTHS is being sold
on its merits— no connection with any
publication or advertising scheme.
Y’ou’ll find it profitable to read
this book. No other book contains
so much practical, reliable advice.
$1 flfl PER COPY
I lUU POSTPAID
Send for Tour Copy Today .
AFT0N FARMS, Box 0-1.
Yardley, Pa.
19 i
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or line granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y.
Poultry Paper-Sample Free
HAWKINS PUB. CO., Amityville, N. Y.
Revelations in the affairs of Joseph G.
Robin, the New York banker, whose
Northern Bank with its nine branches
and $7,000,000 of deposits is now closed
and under control of the State Banking
Department, will serve as a caution to
those who are tempted to buy lots on in¬
stallment payment plans. Robin also con¬
trolled the Washington Savings Bank
and two real estate promoting com¬
panies, the Bankers’ Realty and Security
Co. and the Fidelity Development Com¬
pany. Robin is said to have given the
Washington Savings Bank two mort¬
gages for $99,560 and $19,250 respect¬
ively on Bronx real estate, but did not
have the mortgages recorded. He then
went on selling the land on the install¬
ment plan. In such cases of course no
title is given to the lots and all the pur¬
chasers have for their money is a con¬
tract with Robin to deliver deed when
the final payment has been made. The
revelations of bankruptcy come out with
sufficient regularity to emphasize our
repeated advice to buy no land or lots
from promoters without a full investiga¬
tion of the land and the company, and
the environment. If the investigation is
thorough, then you probably will not
buy. No business man would pay out
money on those installment contracts for
future delivery of either lots or bonds.
Following deliberations which covered
more than four hours, a jury in Criminal
Court No. 1 announced that it had found
John N. Huston, former Treasurer of the
United States; Harvey M. Lewis and Ev¬
erett Dufour guilty of the charge of using
the mails of the United States in a scheme
to defraud. According to the evidence at
the trial, Lewis was the moving factor in
the operation of the National Trust Com¬
pany of Washington, D. C., the National
Trust Companv. of Delaware, the Enter¬
prise Trust Company, the Mutual Securities
Company and the American Finance Com¬
pany. Huston, by virtue of his previous
connection with the Treasury Department,
allowed his name to be used both as presi¬
dent of some of the concerns and a mem¬
ber of the board of directors. Dufour. who,
while not openly identified with the financ¬
ing concerns, according to the contention of
the Government, advertised extensively for
the privilege of disposing of corporate
stocks and bonds of concerns wishing to
procure money to conduct their business.
In replying to prospective clients, Dufour.
who is a member of the Washington bar
intimated that bis task in disposing of
their stock would be lightened if they could
arrange to have the same guaranteed. In
about a week the client would receive a
letter from oue of the “trust companies,’
agreeing to guarantee his stock along the
lines suggested bv Dufour. The Washing¬
ton office of the 'National Trust Company,
at 1421 F street Nortfiwest, following com¬
plaints registered with the Fostoffice De¬
partment bv several concerns which claimed
thev had been duped, was, on September 21,
1909, raided by Chief Postoffice Inspector
Carter B. Keene and Detectives Frank
Helan and Clifford Grant, of the District
Attorney’s staff. Lewis’ arrest followed.
He wasTater released on bail, furnished by
James J. Fletcher, of Washington. Com¬
plaints were filed a year ago with the postal
inspectors by parties who said they had
been duped, and arrests followed.
Since the above report in the daily
papers, Huston has been allowed a new
trial on the ground that it did not ap¬
pear from the evidence that he had per¬
sonal knowledge of fraud. The others
have filed notice of appeal. Lewis is
said to have been a resident of Buffalo,
N. Y. The Post Office Department is
certainly doing good work these days
on such cases, and with a little intelli¬
gence on the part of the people this
wholesale fraudulent business as now
conducted through the mails will be
checked. But the dupes do not get their
money back. Better keep it. j. J. d.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHKK.
Single and Hose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Hocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks. $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. S:ife delivery guaranteed. Satis¬
faction. CAHL W. LLOYD, Mgr., HILLSIDE,
Westchester County, N. Y.
—35 Best Breeds. Bred for Laying.
Large circular illustrated in colors
POULTRY
Free. JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
, — Fawn and White,
heavy laying strain.
) per 13; $8.00 per 100. F. J. FULLEK,
Waterport, Orleans County, New Yoik.
Indian Runner Ducks-
ARGE TOULOUSE GEESE, White Wyandotte Cockerels
, and White P. Hock Hens and Cockerels for sale.
Prices low for quality. E. Schieber. R. 2, Bucyrus, Ohio,
White Leghorns (Young’s
_ :erels, trie
L. MOORE, Route 1, Elleuville, N.Y.
For Sale- Strain). Cockerel s, trio s an d eggs
for hatching.
FOR SALE
Onn Buff and Barred P. Rock and
OUU white and Partridoe Wyandottes
Inspection solicited. Price reasonable, isatisxac-
tion guaranteed. Dr. S. C. JNIoyer, Lansdale, i a.
Thoroughbred Mammoth
and fine plumage.
Bronze Turkeys— heavy bone
Mrs. Floyd Kirby, Draper, Va
THE FARMER’S FOWL-Rose Comb P.eds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
Free Poultry Catalogue
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS MARIETTA PA.
jWNLANl) FARM’S White and Buff Wyandottes,
' Indian Runner Ducks. Famous “Win and Lay"
Strains.
0WNLAND
All stock subject to approval.
FARM, Box 497. South H
Price-List.
ammond, New York.
Pure Bred Bronze Turkeys
From Prize-winning Strains. Stamp.
MRS. HARRIET CHUMBLEY, Draper, Va.
rnnn BROWN and White Leghorn Hens; Giant Bronze
OUUU and White Holland Turkeys. Bred for heavy
winter layers. Numbers to suit. Prices reasonable.
THE AMERICAN POULTRY PLANT, Collins, Ohio
COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES— Beauty & utility combined.
Splendid, vigorous Cockerels and Pens mated. Ad¬
dress Halph Woodward, Box 28, Grafton, Mass.
G
KAY’S SILVER QUILL White Rocks, White
' ®
New York
Wyandottes, White Holland ^Tirrke^ ^and
Berkshire Pigs at bargain prices.
STOCK FARM, Box A, Groveland,
Lt. Brahmas, White P. Rocks, B, P. Rocks,
Fine Birds. J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa
WHITE LEGHORNS
- AND -
PEKIN DUCKS
We
will have
in i s i n g
pro
hatched Single Comb
some
April
White Leghorn Cock
erels at $2.00 and $3.00
each; grand early
hatched Barred Rock Cockerels sired by 10 pound
cocks for $3.00 and $5.00 each. Remember our
strain of Imperial Pekin Ducks, Madison Square
Garden Blue Ribbon Winners, is second to none.
Have 1,000 now to select from. Orders booked for
early dolivery of batching eggs in any quantity or
day-old chicks and ducklings. Also Bronze Turkeys
and their eggs for sale. Incubators 10,000 eggs ca¬
pacity. Cyphers agents. Correspondence invited.
Satisfaction guaranteed. The only large successful
plant in the vicinity of New York City. Bonnie
Brae Poultry Farm, New Rochelle, N. Y.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
WINNINGS— Madison Square Garden, N.Y., 1910 —
4th Pen-S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
5th Pen-WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS.
Baltimore, Md., 1911—
1st Pen— 2d PULLET and 5th COCKEREL
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS (three entries).
We are now booking orders for
HATCHING EGGS and DAY-OLD CHICKS.
We have for sale at moderate prices the best lot
of breeding Cockerels that we have ever offered.
Just Look
At The Eggs We Are
Getting
since we have been giving
our hens
Fairfield’s Blood Tonic
And Egg Producer
The “Scientific,, poultry-
conditioner that stimulates the
egg producing organs, per¬
fects digestion and prevents
and cures all poultry diseases
by removing the cause.
A Separate Preparation For
Each Kind Of Animal
FAIRFIELD’S
Blood Tonic and Egg Producer
For Poultry Only.
Blood Tonic and Regulator
For Horses Only.
Blood Tonic and Milk Producer
For Cattle Only.
Blood Tonic and Fattener
For Hogs Only.
Nature’s remedies. They in¬
sure perfect health, increase
production and save feed by
perfecting digestion and puri¬
fying the blood.
Sold under guarantee
Ask your dealer for them.
FREE-Our “Scientific Poultry Book”
Worth 50c. but sent free for name
of this paper and. your dealer.
Fairfield Manufacturing Company
505 South Delaware Ave.,
Philadelphia.
Use Fairfield’s Roup Remedy.
_ E FOODS
aro demanded and used by successful
poultrymen everywhere because our
goods are reliable. Every ounce of grain is
clean and nourishing. Lowest prices. Full
weight. Prompt shiuments. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Send today for Booklet and
FREE Souvenir. Don’t delay.
TAYLOR BROS., 10 Market Street, CAMDEN, N. J.
a Mg
M AKA-SHEL SOLUBLE
Bright, sharp, shining,
"akes bone and
Increases Egg-
Production when
Eggs are high.
GRIT
Ask your dealer, or send us $1.00 for two
100-lb. bags f. o. b. cars. Booklet free
EDCE HILL SILICA ROCK CO.,
Box J. New Brunswick, N. J.
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen-
darfor each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
batching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greider, BOX 58 , Rheems. P*
-From free range selected
_ Single Comb White Leg¬
horn. Can furnish in any number I am booking
orders for early deliveries. Circular free. CHAS. R.
STDNE, Baby Chicken Farm, Staatsburo-on-Hudson, N. Y.
Baby Chicks 10c Each
Kirkup’s Utility Strain S.C.White Legliorns
Bred for vigor, size and lai-ge white market eggs.
EgKS and Baby Chicks for sale. Custom hatching a
specialty. Send for circular. Kirkup Bros., Mattituck.L.I.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A breeding establishment of 250 aci-es,
devoted to developing the best
JS». C. W. XiEGrHOR-NS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable pricesi
MT. PLEASANT FARM. Box Y, HAVRE DE GRACE, Maryland.
R. C. Rhode Island Reds and Indian Runner
nnnLo-Strong, vigorous strains for utility, show
UUUI\o and export. All stock sold on approval
SINCLAIR SMITH. G02 Fifth Street, Brooklyn, New York.
S, C. Rhode Island Reds at the Horseshoe
Road Poultry Farm hatching and a few Cock¬
erels. Write for prices. WM. R. BURKHOLDER.
Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
I) f) EGOS $1 .00— Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
L U try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS— Quality
Kind, Famous Lakewood Strain, Young and old
stock for sale; Hatching eggs for early delivery.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington. New Jersey-
Davis S, C. Reds
200-EGG
STRAIN
COCKERELS
$3 and $5 each. EGGS FOR HATCHING.
BABY CHICKS— $15 and $20 per 100 after March 1.
BOOK ORDERS NOW. Davis Poultry Farm, Berlin, Mass
1811.
lie
THIS RURAL NEW-YORKER
CONTENTS
The He ual New-Yorker,
January 28, 1911.
FARM TOPICS.
Workmen, “Hack to the Land” . 90
A -New York Oat Crop . 90
Vetch in New Jersey . . . . . 90
• L. L. L>.,” Lime, Legumes and Drain¬
age . 90
Farm Help for Kansas . 91
A Short Potato Story . 91
Try a Vetch Experiment . 91
Farms in the Bashful State . 92
Soy Beans in Pennsylvania . 92
Field for Potatoes . 92
Peas and Oats for Grain . 92
A Talk on Corn Breeding . . 93
Large and Small Potato Seed . 93
A Crop for Mulch Material . 94
Commissioner Pearson’s Report . 94
Quality in Land Rollers . 95
Flow of Irrigation . 95
The Corn Harvester Necessary . 95
Soiling Crops for Late Summer . 96
“Reducing” Bones on the Farm . 96
Cow Peas and Clover . 97
Does Fertilizer Lose by Standing? . 98
Potatoes Under Straw . 98
Clover in the Silo . 98
A Farm “Limed to Death” . 98
Piling or Broadcasting Manure . 99
Echoes of “Dry Land” Farming . 101
Hope Farm Notes . 102
Failure with I’rizetaker Onions . 103
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Our Farmers’ Horse Company . 89
Root, Hog, or Die ! . 99
Catching a Weasel Awake . 99
Tumor . 108
Catarrh in Cow . 108
Trouble with the Cream . ...110
Two Good Cows . 110
Raising Dairy Colts . Ill
Heifers with Cough . Ill
How to Feed Corn Fodder . 112
Spring Pasture for Pigs . 112
Hens vs. Cows . 113
Increasing Mila Flow . ; . 114
Milk and Pork Rations . 114
Feeding Cow and Working Cattle . 114
A Percheron Mare as an Investment. .. 115
The Henyard . 116
Fighting Hens . 116
An Open Front Henhouse . 116
Echoes from the Stock Show . 108
HORTICULTURE.
Apples in a New England Cellar . 91
Interplanting Apples . 92
Protecting Trees from Rabbits . 92
Pecans in New Jersey . 96
Hen Manure Mixtures for Garden . 97
The Bismarck Apple . 98
Planting and Handling Apple Trees. ... 98
Apples for Wisconsin.. . 100
New York State Fruit Growers’ As¬
sociation, Part II . 100
Cool Greenhouse for Roses . 103
Celery Rust . 103
Rose Melody . t . 103
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 106
Charity Sweetheart’s Letter . 106
Cream Cookies — Raised Doughnuts . 107
Two Hard Questions . 107
The Rural Patterns . 107
Cleaning Flues with Zinc . 107
MISCELLANEOUS.
Making Cement Tile at Home . 90
Green Film in Spring . 85
Facts About Canning Factories . 97
Strychnine for Killing Skunks . 97
Petroleum Cement . 97
Business in Ferns . 97
Editorials . 104
New York State Agricultural Society.. 105
Events of the Week . 105
Products, Prices and Trade . 113
Publisher’s Desk . 118
Warts on Heifer.
How can I cure warts on the udder of
a heifer, due to freshen in March ? The
warts are not of the simple type to be re¬
moved with the thumb and linger, but large,
some as large as the end of a man's
finger and there have been one or two as
large as a small English walnut. She is a
very large Guernsey, and too promising to
sell to the butcher. O. H.
Massachusetts.
Tie a line silken thread very tightly
around the base of each wart that has a
narrow base ; or remove a wart at a time
by cutting with scissors. If the cutting is
done touch the bleeding base with lunar
caustic pencil. Masses of warts may in
time be removed by rubbing in best cold
pressed castor oil twice daily. Not many
warts may safely be removed by cutting
at one time. Inflammation is apt to fol¬
low. A. S. A.
Indigestion in Puppy.
Will you tell me what is the trouble
with a puppy which I have? Its urine
turns whitish immediately. The dog is
quite valuable, six weeks old. About two
weeks ago its appetite grew poor and then
this trouble showed. w. t.
New York.
Indigestion is a likely cause. Give a
full dose of physic. After it has ceased
to act make him take abundant exercise
out of doors every day. Feed on new
milk and add one ounce of limewater per
pint. As the dog improves strengthen the
ration with oatmeal porridge ; but do not
feed any sweets or cake. If he fails to
thrive give emulsion of cod liver oil twice
daily, commencing with teaspoonful doses
and increasing gradually as dog can take
the mixture. A. s. a.
Lack of Appetite.
I have a mare eight years old, weight
P°UD°s, who refuses her feed; has been
rnat way for about three weeks. She looks
1 lg.„ does not act sick. Sometimes
ovL w 1 ea* a Httle and again none at all.
Mie seems to pick out the weeds in the
nay and eat that. I feed her the best of
Timothy and oats and sometimes bran
mash. I had her teeth fixed about the first
of November. She ate all right after that.
Can you advise me what to do? H. H. k.
Connecticut.
Have the teeth examined again. As she
ate all right after they were attended to
before, it would seeem likely that there may
be found the cause of trouble. It may be
a sharp, long or diseased molar tooth which
should come away. A suitable appetizer
would be a mixture of one dram of dilute
hydrochloric acid, four ounces of pure al¬
cohol and two ounces of fluid extract of
gentian root, with water to make one pint.
Does two ounces two or three times a day
in half a pint of water. Make her take
abundant exercise out of doors every day.
a. s. A.
Restless Cow.
Will you tell we what is the matter
with my cow? At certain times during
the day she will stand back in her stall
and swing her tail sideways back and
forth, also when I put my hand on her
back. She is due to calve March 1 next.
Massachusetts. o. A. v.
The cow is simply restless and uncom¬
fortable. She no doubt will be more con¬
tented if you let her out doors for exer¬
cise every day. Examine back for “warble”
bunches, from each of which a live grub
may be squeezed when mature. If such
lumps are there, but not ripe, apply a
little mercurial ointment to each one, and
keep cow from licking parts treated.
a. s. A.
5 Two-year-old Grapevines 50 cts.
S£Pt £?stPaid. Best varieties— red, white, black. We also
offer Fir® Three-Year-Old Yin*s for $1.00. Will bear year
after planting. Valuable book how to plant, cultivate and
prune, free with every order. Grapes are easily grown
and should be in every garden. Mention this paper and
we 11 add free, one new, large, red currant.
I. S. Hubbard Coh Grapevine Specialists, 350 Centra* Aire., Fradonla, N.Y.
Established U Years .
HARDER SILOS
The name “Harder” on a Silo is like “Sterling”
on silver. It signifies honest worth, oldest
firm, best materials, most skilled workmanship,
largest variety of styles and sizes. A Silo to
suit every purse. A hundred advantages, all
described in our free Silo catalog.
HARDER MFC. CO.. Box It , Cobleskill. N. Y.
Try Them 30 Days Free
Prove this the greatest Incubator and
Brooder bargain of 1911 at our expense.
We sell highest quality goods direct from
factory at lowest prices — guarantee
satisfaction or refund money. The Unito
100-Egg Incubator $ ^
100-Chick Brooder 1 V
gives surest results and biggest profits
on smallest investment. Incubator
alono @7.50; Brooder alone 13.50;
both @10.00. Remember you take no
risk when you order ou our try-
before-you-buy plan. Send today
for Free catalogue Illustrated and
giving full particulars.
The United Factories Co.
Dept. X31 Cleveland. Ohio
FOR MENDING HARNESS
It takes » shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, car-
?iWaXj Pots, saddles, suitcases, buggy tops,
thread, dash hoards, or any heavy material,
feeds , r wart's Automatic
rromspool and Awl istheonly per-
does the work of ^ ^Vrtli feet Sewing
any harness maker \5gS3r Awl.
machine. It is i n d i s AJ~
pensable for farmers.
Agents wanted. Sent prepaid ^ lk
for $1.25. Send at once for
catalog. STEWART-SKINNER CO. fM
35 Hermon Street. Worcester, Mass.
“The DAMNING OF JONES.”
The Implement Trust says-” Damn JONES and out of business
with him” because he is the only man who dares to sell you a
warraiited-take-it-home-and-try-it-before-buying-scale of any size
or kind at the dealers price. Money talks and your money is as
fjood as any dealers’ and your credit better. Send for my oner and
their reason for “damning Jones.”
“JONES He Pays the Freight.”
_ 30 Kay St., BINGHAMTON, N. Y,
Farmers and Poultrymen.
, V?1? not blame us if occasionally our end
puDoies over when speaking of our custom hatch¬
ing department as carried by our experts in our
mammoth hot water incubator. Results are show¬
ing people all oyer the country that we know our
business by saving them time, worry and money,
and giving them stronger chicks than the old hen
or kerosene oil fume incubators ever did. You
send us the eggs— we’ll do the rest— do it right and
send you the chicks. Write for information and
prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM. Millerton, N.Y
CHICKS Baby CHICKS
S. C. WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS of Standard Quality.
\\ e guarantee chicks to be hatched from eggs laid
by our own breeders and shipped only when day-old.
We Can Please You. We Will Please You.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator having a capa¬
city of 102,000 eggs.
Have lour Orders Booked. Circular Free.
SPRING WATER POULTRY FARM, Stockton, New Jersey.
R. C. B. MINORCAS, Cockerels, SI. 25 each. Indian
Runner Ducks, $t> trio. Geo. Bowdish, Esperance, N.Y.
Berkshire Pigs _
Guernsey Bulls
Two-y^r-oid and yearling registered and tested
Bulls for Sale, out of advanced registered parents.
Now is the time to get a good herd header reason-
able. HILXHITRST FA KM, Orchard Park. N.Y,
SHIP YOUR CONSIGNMENTS
- TO -
GEO. OLIVER & COMPANY
Established 1SSO
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
WEST WASHINGTON MARKET. NEW YORK, N. Y.
PROMPT RETURNS
at Bargain Prices. A. M.
DAVIS, Trooper, Pa.
WHICH WAYAREYOU PAYING FOR
AN I HC GASOLINE ENGINE?
THERE are two ways — a quick, easy way and a long,
costly way.
The first way is to go to the I H C local dealer, pick out
frhe style and size suited to your needs — pay for it — take it home
and set it to work. It will operate your cream separator, feed
grinder, thresher, fanning mill, turn your grindstone, saw
wood, etc.
The other way is to get along as best you can without it, and
pay for it over and over again in the time and money you lose
by not having it.
“Procrastination is the thief of time,” and time is money. An
I H C Engine saves time — saves money. It’s an investment that
pays big dividends, day after day, year in and year out, through its
capacity for doing work at less cost than any other power.
I H C Gasoline Engines
are made in all styles and sizes, 1 to 45-H. P., vertical
and horizontal — stationary, portable, and tractor.
Their efficiency, economy, and dependability have
been proved by years of service. Thousands of
owners consider an I H C Gasoline Engine one of the
best paying investments they ever made.
If you want to know more about what an I H C
Gasoline Engine will do for you, and why it is that
I HC construction insures more power on less gaso¬
line consumption than any other engine, you should
call at once on the IHC local dealer, or,
write for a copy of the IHC Gasoline
Engine catalogue.
While you're delaying you are paying,
so why not have what you’re paying
for.
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER
COMPANY
OF AMERICA
^Incorporated)
Chicago
USA
I H C
Service Bureau
What Is it? A clear¬
ing house of agricultur¬
al data. What does it
dot Helps farmers to
help themselves. How
can it be used? By
sending your farm
problems and puzzling
questions to the Bureau.
We are co-operating
■with the highest agri¬
cultural authoritiesund
every source of infor¬
mation will be made
available to solve your
difficulties. We shall
be pleased to have an
opportunity to assist
you. Write the I H O
Service Bureau.
SHIP YOUR
To mcmillan fur & wool co,
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Illustrated Circular Free to anyone interested ii
T . RAW FURS. i
Trappers' Guide Free to those who ship to us
Boston Produce Co.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St,,
Boston.
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York,
Poultry, Eggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
Dl.KASE semi a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
1 mission House in New York. list. 1338. Butter
Eggs, Poultry. Pork, Calves, Hay. Grain. Beans,
Apples, etc. E. it. WOOD IV A Kl), SO- <■ recti wish St., N. V
Hothouse Lambs, Poultry, Calves, Fancy Eggs
Ship to W. H. COHEN 8 CO., 229 Washington St., New York.
WsntPf!-100 organizers-
llliy YV dllLtU ALBERT MANNING, Sec¬
retary, Dairymen’s League, Otisvillo. N. Y.
CHAMPLAIN VALLEY FARM — On main highway be¬
tween New York and Montreal, 1!) miles south
of Burlington, Vt. One mile north of' Kerrisburgh,
where there are stores, churches, schools, railroad
station, blacksmith and wheelright shops, cream¬
ery and milk station. Natural fruit land-plenty
of apples, plums and grapes. Artesian well sup¬
plies abundance of best water. House, horse barn,
hen house, granary, ice house, farm barn. Two
hay barns; 11 cows; tools. 118 acres. All for $5,000,
one-half cash, balance at if desired, Sold to
close estate. C. A. CHAPMAN, Adnir., Ferrisburgh, Vt.
SAT p— One Hundred Sixty Acres—
x LJ-cXiv-L, fine nine-room house with
two porches; three barns, 44 by 80 witii basement,
30 by 50 and 24 by 30; granary; hog house. Ail
buildings painted, very attractive and in fine con¬
dition. Fruit. One-half mile from village and two
railroad stations. Price $5,500; terms, $2,500 cash,
balance time at five per cent. HALL’S FARM
AGENCY, Owego, Tioga County, New York.
IRfl Farmc FOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile
IwU I Ql 1110 Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
Fflr Q O I Q — -Fai-m 90 acres, with buildings and good
I Ul UUiC water. A. Erickson, Andover, N. Y.
I SELL FARMS IN OCEANA, the best Co. in the U.S. Fruit, grain
I and stock. Write for list. J. D, S. HANSON, Hart, Mich.
LET US TAN
YOUR HIDE.
Cattle or Horse hide. Calf, Dog, Deer,
or any kind of skin with hair or fur on.
We make them soft, light, odorless,
wind, moth and waterproof, and mako
them into coats (for men or women)
robes, rugs or gloves when so ordered.
Your fur goods will cost you less than
to buy them, and be worth more. Send
three or more cow or horse hides in one
shipment from anywhere east of Den¬
ver and we pay the freight both ways.
Get our illustrated catalog which
gives prices of tanning, taxidermv and
head mounting. Also prices of ftir
goods, and big mounted game heads
we sell.
The Crosby Frisian Fur Company,
571 Lyeil Ave„ Rochester, N. Y.
TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS^
Furs are high. A fact w hich you are all probably ac¬
quainted with. But the question is. Are you getting
highest market value for yours ! Remember we do not
charge any commission; pay all express charges; will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory will return ana
pay all charges. Don’t you think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing i For
further information write i‘or our free price list and
1 rappers* Guide. Make us a trial shipment today.
Abrahams Fur & Wool Co., Fur Merchaats. Seymour, Wis.
Aristocrats! White Wyandottes!
Cock¬
erels,
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, 8. C. H I. Red.
Eggs. 90c. per 15, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per 00, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, pa.
S. C. W. Leghorn Eggs
per la, $8 per 100. Pafapsco Farm, R.0.2, Reisterstown.Md
Wanted at Once— A Man
To Mako $100 Per Month Above Expenses
1500 MEN THROUGHOUT THE U. S
ARE MAKING BIG MONEY
with our large lino of over 80 different household neces¬
sities consisting of homo remedies, extracts, spices, soaps,
perfumes, toilet articles, stock amt poultry preparations,
polishes, etc. all guaranteed under the National Food
and Drugs Act and conforming to the Puro Food require¬
ments of every state. Sold chiefly to eouutry people.
Weimport, manufacture and sell in enormous quantities
Capital and surplus over one million dollars. Factory
floor space nearly 5 acres.
We want one man in each unoccupied locality to tako
fnll charge of everything pertaining to our business in
Ills district. Must bo of good health and habits, honest
and industrious, not under 21 nor over 50 years of age.
able to furnish outfit similar to that illustrated als.ve'
also several responsible men to vouch for his integrity!
Such under our instructions can mako not loss than
$100 Per Month Clear Profit
above expenses first year, $1800 second year and $2400
third year. Colored people or women not considered.
Previous experience or more than ordinary education
not needed as witii our thorough free course of instruc¬
tion in salesmanship the work is easily learned and a
big, pleasant, healthful, honorable and permanent busi¬
ness quickly established.
If you can’t meet requirements don't write: if you
think you can you are the man wo are looking for and a
postal will bring you full particulars by return mail.
Lott of new men starting and territory filling rapidly,
so if interested write at once else territory vacant in your
locality will bo taken.
W. T. RAWLEIGH CO. 30-40 Lib. St. Freeport, III.
120
THE RURAI> NEW-YORKER
January 28, 1911.
Try This Harman Tool Grinder
I will send you a Harman Special Alectride Farm Tool Grinder, with
10 Grinding Attachments right to your farm for an absolutely free trial lasting 10 days.
I will guarantee that this Grinder will Hot draw the temper from steel.
I don’t want you to send me any money —not a cent. I Want tO make yOU an Offer SO
liberal that you simply cannot afford to refuse it. I will give you the use of this magnifi¬
cent outfit for ten days absolutely FREE — no red tape, no papers to sign, no obligations of
any nature. Just get the outfit, use it for ten days just as though it were your own, on your own
k, sharpen your sickles, plow shares, cultivator blades, scythes, axes anything that is dull
— then, if you wish, return it to me at my expense.
We know that every progressive, up-to-date farmer
realizes the advantage of always having sharp, bright tools
to work with. You know how much more work can be done
with tools which are always in good condition. You know
how much easier your work is and how much longer your tools
last. You know all these things and yet you — DO sometimes
work with dull tools, don’t you? I want to prove to you that
you can easily keep all your farm tools in good condition,
all the time, with this wonderful, simply wonderful, out¬
fit which I will send you free.
10 MACHINES INI
1. One Sickle Grinding Wheel ( Improved )
2. One Fine Grinding Wheel ( Improved )
3. One Coarse Grinding Wheel (Improved)
4. One Harman Special Oil Stone (Improved)
5. One Saw Gummer ( Improved )
6. One Sickle Holding Attachment
7. One Scythe Stone (New)
8. One Harman Special Razor Hone ( New )
9. One Disc Grinding Attachment ( New )
10. One Tool Rest
How to Grind Edge Tools
Now Sent FREE
A book which should be in the hands of every man who ever ground any tools. It tells you all the secrets
grinding— all of the tricks of the experts. It gives you invaluable information on grinding any tool or removing
the rust from any piece of machinery. The book is worth money, but is sent positively free in connection with
our free trial offer on the Harman Special Farm lool Grinder.
Send the coupon at the bottom of this announcement and get this free book anyway. Get it even if you
think you might not want to get an Alectride Grinder on tree trial. This book explains everj detail of oui ficc tiial.
It also tells you the wonderful story of Alectride— how a scientist tried to make diamonds in the greatest
heat ever generated by man— a heat which melts clay bricks as if they were made of lard— how when the
heat was finally turned off' and eager search was made for diamonds and how Alectride was found instead.
Alectride is hard enough to scratch the diamond.
The scientist who discovered Alectride realized instantly that he had the world’s greatest abrasive.
Read how tests proved that it would UOt draw the temper from Steel— how it would grind twenty-five
times faster than the grindstone and eight times faster than emery how it saved the back breaking work
of the grindstone— how it did work in two minutes which could not be accomplished on the grindstone in
twenty-five minutes. Read how one man ground six sickles during the noon hour and then had- time for dinner
and rest. Get this free book which tells you all these things— and how to sharpen your edge tools besides. The
coupon brings the free book absolutely without any obligations on you.
Send
the
Coupon
It
brings
this
valuable
book
Send This
HARMAN SUPPLY CO.
Dept. 3581, 160 Harrison St., CHICAGO, ILL
You may send me free and prepaid your free book
“How To Grind Edge Tools,” and your offer of a free
trial on your Alectride Farm Tool Grinder. This places
me under no obligations.
Name
Address.-
I
I
a
a
a
a
a
a
Send coupon today, get book “How to Grind Edge Tools” free
This book explains all about Alectride, the newest and most wonderful substance known.
Don’t wait a minute. Send the free coupon today and post yourself on this wonderful offer.
Learn all about the Harman Special Alectride Farm Tool Grinder. Sharpen every dull tool
on your place positively free. Wg let you keep the machine for 10 days, and then if you wish,
send it back at our expense. But mail the coupon today and get our free booklets and cir¬
culars, and get our FREE trial request book. There is no obligation. You will be amazed at
the wonderful results you will get from using Alectride. Anything you sharpen is sharpened
better and quicker. Send for our free booklets today. Let us tell you what Alectride is and
what it will do with every tool on your farm. Get our free booklets and our special limited
offer. Remember 10 days’ free trial. SEND THE FREE COUPON NOWa
No Letter Is Necessary ; Just Send the Coupon.
Harman Supply Co.
160 Harrison Street,
DEPT 3581. CHICAGO, ILL.
NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 4, 1911.
WEEKLY, Jl.OO’PER YEAR.
WORKING OVER OLD APPLE TREES.
A Successful Michigan Worker.
Great attention is being given to the work of reno¬
vating old apple orchards. Frank Howard of Berrien
County, Mich., has made a success with old trees
worthy of mention. When Mr. Howard came in
possession of Fairview Farm there was on it an old
apple orchard of 34 trees, consisting of Greenings,
Baldwins, Northern Spys and Russets. This orchard
was considered worthless ; the only rev¬
enue received from it was a few cider
apples. Still Mr. Howard, believing
"where there’s life there’s hope,” set
about to bring it back to usefulness
and profit.
The first thing to do was to give it
a severe pruning, as new tops had to be
grown on many of the trees. The or¬
chard was plowed and kept cultivated
often enough to hold the moisture and
to keep the weeds down. This method
has been followed for 13 years. Every
third year it is covered with a liberal
dressing of stable manure, no other fer¬
tilizer being used. Fifteen years ago
he bought a spraying outfit and began
spraying, using the concentrated lime
and sulphur of his own manufacture in
March, following this from three times
in 1901 to seven times in 1910 with
Bordeaux Mixture. The last two spray¬
ings were applied on the Winter stock
from the 5th to the 20th of August to
control the late brood of Codling moth.
This orchard in 1911 will be sprayed
nine times. Lime and sulphur as a
Summer spray has never been tried, but
no doubt will be another year, using the
Bordeaux Mixture twice before the
blooming period.
Below are the number of times the
orchard was sprayed, number of bar¬
rels of apples and the price received for
ten years :
Delay in this work may be a very serious matter,
as many orchardists know by experience.
e. v. A.
R. N.-Y. — Our correspondent visited Mr. Floward’s
orchard and took the pictures here shown. We
have also asked Mr. Howard for a further state¬
ment and lie gives it as follows:
My orchard of old trees is small, only 54 trees
on V/2 acre of ground. Some of those trees were
cut back 10 or 12 feet ; some of the tops were nearly
Sprayed
1901 4 times
1902 7 times
1903 7 times
1904 7 times
1903 8 times
1900 8 times
1907 8 times
1908 8 times
From 44 trees
1909 8 times
Light crop due to frost
1910 8 times 225
Bbls.
121
307
421
294
421
431
321
370
501
Total . 3,418
Sold for
$330.00
521.90
450.00
350.00
450.00
754.25
G42.00
752.00
1,000.00
753.75
$6,003.90
spray about 10 days or two weeks later with Bor¬
deaux and arsenate of lead. The last two sprays
we put on Winter varieties about August 5 and 20.
In all we use nine sprays, including lime and sulphur
on Winter stock. The lead is mixed with Bordeaux
except the first time of using ; the buds have not
started then and I cannot see any need of using lead
at that spraying. I never have used lime and sul¬
phur as a Summer spray. In regard to the Duchess
apple trees, the one grown by the mulch method is
1 1 years old ; the ground was plowed
the first year, the trees set and cultiva¬
tion was kept up that season, and seed¬
ed that Fall. The grass has been
mowed and put around the trees. The
other, seven years old, stands in a block
of 200, they are all about the same. It
has been cultivated with crops of corn
and potatoes. frank Howard.
RESIDENCE OF A MICHIGAN FRUIT GROWER. Fig. 140.
What has this sort of spraying done
for Mr. Howard? It has produced 90
per cent, of No. 1 apples, 14 crops in
14 years, paid him in 10 years, $6,003.90
from 54 trees or over $1,000 per tree.
These trees to-day are 60 years old
and spread over 65 feet, and the past
year have made over a two-foot growth. The only
objection found in spraying by Mr. Howard is that
his fruit does not color up as well, due to the heavy
foliage excluding the sun. While Mr. Floward has got
wonderful results in this orchard of limited area he is
not positive that lie could have accomplished the same
results in a large orchard. Fie believes that the secret
of his success in getting 90 per cent. No. l apples is
hue to thorough spraying and at the right time, not
later than three to five days after the blossoms drop.
When there are large orchards it would pay to have
an extra outfit and extra help to get aver it in time.
A SIXTY-YEAR-OLD BALDWIN TREE. Fig. 141
all cut off. It took three years before I got any
apples on the new wood; we were very careful in
our work and made our cuts slanting so water
would have to run off; then painted the stubs with
the best of paint. The first year water sprouts
started freely; we kept those thinned out to suit
ourselves. We have been spraying with lime and
sulphur since 1903, a heavy spraying during the month
of March. We also give two heavy sprayings of
copper sulphate before the bloom opens. The next
spraying is done after the bloom falls with arsenate
■of lead, leaving out the blue* vitriol ; then the' next
PARCELS POST OPPONENTS.
Before I took up the fight for parcels
post I had known that an effort was
made to get the mail order house argu¬
ment against parcels post before the
people. This was tried by having cards
printed, not by the country merchant,
but lie was used as the reason, for con¬
stituents to send to their Congressmen.
It was not successful and finally aban¬
doned. I did not write on this point
because I saw nothing to be defended,
and I think the same to-day. The more
I study this point the more I become
convinced that this is about the most
contemptible piece of deceit yet brought
up regarding parcels post. If you will
follow closely what I will try to point
out you can do nothing else than form
the same opinion. No attempt has been
made so far to deny any statement I
have made. The points involved are
true, and they know it. Two methods
have so far been employed to defeat this
project, both being possible through a
lack of knowledge of postal matters by
the people in general. Parcels post on
rural routes only as suggested contains
two jokers. The mail order house is
another “nigger in the wood pile;” and
both these facts have only one object in
view, viz., to show the “impracticability”
of parcels post, and let the project de¬
feat itself by its failure. During the
last few months petitions have been
poured into Washington against the es¬
tablishing of an unlimited parcels post;
principally from the Southern States.
Requests have also been received for it.
The opponents of the system have been
hardest at work, and although in the
minority, they have made the strongest
impression. No matter how few of these petitions are
received you can assure yourself most emphatically
now that they will be used in every possible way to the
limit. Those in favor of it, but remaining
quiet, will wake up only too late, when they
either see or never get the chance to see tlie
opportunity they have missed for freeing themselves
from the two greatest and most formidable concerns
which stand between the farmer and the consumer to¬
day. You invest your money; by hard toil and study
and by correct application of scientific principles you
produce the food products by which the world is
fed, but these two classes deprive you of the op¬
portunity of getting from 50 to 60 per cent of the
fruits of your labor. I unhesitatingly an<l without re¬
serve make the statement that the express companies
and commission men, and they alone, are behind this
mail-order argument concerning parcels post and for
selfish motives. These are the two concerns standing
between you and the consumer, and they are the
ones who pocket from 50 to 60 cents of every dollar’s
worth you produce, or are the direct cause of de¬
priving you of the opportunity of getting it. A
parcels post will supply the missing link in the chain
connecting you with the consumer. These two parties
want to avoid this, and to accomplish this purpose
they are shifting the scene to the country merchant;
away from their real purpose and aims, knowing only
too well the verdict of the people if the real issue
was presented. The express and commission Samari¬
tans anointing the wounds of the poor country mer¬
chant with a limited, yes, very limited, parcels post.
The first requisite for competition in any business
is for the parties involved to handle the same goods-;
not necessarily the same brand, but their cost and
value must be about the same. Goods sold by mail
order houses are generally the total product of an
entire factory. They are manufactured expressly for
these houses, to be sold in competition with local
stores found in large cities and many of the larger
towns. In many instances the line of value has been
drawn extremely close in their efforts to compete
with the regular trade. Do not misunderstand me
to mean that these goods are not good values for
the money paid; I mean to show that where their
articles sell for $10, another brand sold by your
local merchant may be worth $12, and every dollar
so paid may repreesnt a true item of value. What
percentage of the large stores in large cities fear
parcels post, either in connection with other stores in
other cities or the regular mail order houses? None,
except those possibly who have not studied it thor¬
oughly, or had not the means to get at the true facts,
and bring out this necessary point. The catalogues
sent out by these houses in a year represent a large
expense in the mail order business. We will value
them at one dollar; and postage ranges from 22 to
28 cents, so that we have an expenditure of $1.25 for
each catalogue. How many customers of these houses
buy goods and receive them by mail, the profit from
which defrays the expenses of catalogues sent them?
The really profitable sales, both to the mail order
house and to the customer, are shipments that can
be sent by freight, the charge for a 20-pound ship¬
ment being practically the same as for 100 pounds.
These houses always urge patrons to make up large
orders for shipment in this way. So unprofitable
have small articles of small value become, on which
the profits are exceedingly small, that one house at
least has adopted the plan of requiring you to take no
less than a dozen articles on an order; and then
telling you to have sent with other goods by freight,
so as to get the benefit of any saving there may be.
Mail order house logic, you may say; the larger the
order the more profit there will be for them. It is
this way; the more profitable the order has been to
you, the more likely you will be to repeat the order.
This is one essential in any business, value received.
The simplest and yet the most forceful fact I could
give regarding this mail order scare is the method
pursued by a large drygoods store in Greater Pitts¬
burg, in their mail order department. This firm dis¬
tributes thousands of catalogues in a year, but they
only send them to rural districts, and by that I mean
to places where they have no large stores carrying a
complete line of goods, and who otherwise would
have to go to the large cities. If you happen to live
in the city where you have access to stores which are
not materially different from their own they will send
you a card, stating that they do not send catalogues
to your city, and therefore cannot comply with your
request. Could anything be more plain as to the
reason for this? Knowing as they do that they can¬
not compete with similar stores and goods through
the mails, they have adopted the next best thing,
saved the expense of sending out catalogues where
no trade could be hoped for against other stores.
There are of necessity many expenses connected with
the mail order business. Goods are sold unseen, you
might say, and on a positive guarantee to please and
satisfy, or goods can be returned and money will be
refunded. A large mail order house receives on an
average 10 large sacks of returned packages a day.
This must all be counted when prices are made and
their percentage of profit added. Many of the smaller
and cheaper articles can be bought for less money
in our five and 10 cent stores. For example, 250
No. 5 envelopes cost in five and 10 cent stores, 25
cents; mail order price 22 cents plus letter postage
to them and return postage to you. A well-known
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
novel sold here in department stores, for two parts,
90 cents; mail order price for it is 98 cents plus
postage of 30 cents, together with postage to store.
These are not picked, but they are the first articles
of the same name and make that I found, and on
which a fair comparison could be made. Even with
free postage the articles cannot compete against regu¬
lar stores. This holds true in 90 per cent, of all
cases provided a fair comparison is made in value and
price of goods.
What holds true between mail order houses and
department stores holds equally true between these
houses and the country stores. Any of these stores,
no matter where located, that carries goods offered
by the trade anywhere, and sells at the market figure,
will have the trade of their field, and no parcels post
or any other change will deprive them of it. Where
is the country store that carries anything like the
goods city stores do ? They are few ; but show me
one and I’ll show you a store that has and can get
business. People will get goods that represent the
styles of the times and their needs, and if the mer¬
chant does not carry these goods they will get them
by going to the city and larger stores. If the mer¬
chant will not supply these goods can he blame the
railroad for carrying them to stores that do? If the
distance to these stores is great so that railroad fare
is high can people be blamed for using the next
cheaper method? Let the country merchant supply
standard goods at a standard price and he will un¬
questionably get the trade, and this in spite of a par¬
cels post. B. E. EVANS.
Maryland.
A FARMER ON PRESENT CONDITIONS.
At the present time we are reading much about
getting back to the land, and also about abandoned
\
V
BRUSH HARROW FOR ALFALFA. Fig. 142.
farms. The writers of a large portion of such litera¬
ture seem to have but one object in view, and that
object is, to have so many people move to the farms
and raise so much farm produce that it will cause a
surplus, or an overproduction of the things to eat,
and at the same time lower the cost price to the con¬
sumer. For the past 25 years it has been quite in¬
teresting to watch the process (especially if you own
twb or three farms) of abandoning a farm. It is
quite a complicated process to abandon even a back-
hill farm, and usually takes a number of years to do
a thoroughly good job. For 37 years I have been
watching one farm (it is not my own) that is being
abandoned, and it will take quite a number of years
more to complete the job. During the time seven
families have slid off from that place into the village,
and everyone of them has helped to abandon some
portion of the place. Some of them sold hay and
grain. One drained the barnyard into a ditch, and
there was a brook connection a short distance farther
down. Another cut and sold the saw timber, and the
next one cut the cord wood and' sold it. Some of
the better parts of the pasture were plowed and
planted to potatoes, and nothing put back. At the
present time there is a large barn, a mortgage, and a
few acres of land that will grow a fair crop of hay.
About every family, when they moved to town, took
along a cow or horse or both, enough produce, fruit
and stove wood to give them a good start for the
first year; some of them had a little money and paid
the house rent for some months in advance. The
men and larger boys found plenty of work in the mills
and shops and the school was very convenient for
the younger children. There was more in the way
February 4,
of entertainment, they appeared to wear better clothes,
had more time night and morning, and when Satur¬
day night came they could clean up, and there was
nothing to do till Monday morning. Sunday was a
day of rest, with plenty of time to attend church,
and perhaps take a drive in the afternoon if the
weather was pleasant. They paid their debts and
seemed to have no desire to move back on a farm.
At the present time many of the older generation
are “passing on,” and the children have grown up
and are taking their places, living much in the same
way, but with this difference. When we farmers
sell them farm produce in the Fall, instead of buying
enough apples, potatoes and other things to last
through the Winter, they will take one or two bushels,
and for pay it will be something like this when the
pay check comes at the end of the week: Credit on
account at store, $4; house rent, $2; for some article
bought on installment, $2.50; life insurance, $1, and
lodge dues, 50 cents. The next week it will be about
the same, and many of them are from 450 days to a
full year back on payments. The last census shows
conclusively that people are drifting to the cities, and
it is fair to assume that they have bettered their con¬
dition, or they would move back. The people will
soon have to take hold of this problem in an in¬
telligent way; when that time comes, they will dis¬
cover that nature is now furnishing sap and substance
enough every year that is growing brush, water
sprouts and cull cider apples to furnish all the peo¬
ple of New England with choice fruit at a reasonable
price. C. P. goss.
Vermont.
DRILLLING WHEAT BOTH WAYS.
On page 34 you ask your readers to tell you as to
drilling in wheat both ways. I have had many years
experience in wheat seeding, and can say this: Two
and one-half bushels per acre is too much if one seeds
to Timothy and clover with the wheat. The true way
to put in wheat is one bushel per acre each way, and
let the cross drilling be at right angles to the pre¬
vailing Winter winds, because the cross furrows will
fill with blowing snows which act as a blanket pro¬
tection. With 2)4 bushels of seed per acre, however
sown, the stand is too thick for Timothy and clover
seeding, and will either choke them out or cause the
young grass plants to grow so weak and spindling that
when the grain is cut the protection is gone, and hav¬
ing grown in the shade, the hot Summer sun will de¬
stroy many if not all of the young plants. With one
bushel sown each way we never have had less than
23 bushels to the acre, and it often went from 30 to
42 bushels. R.
Michigan.
The following has been my experience : That a
better crop will result when the seed has been drilled
the one way. In cross drilling, as is evident, at each
intersection of the drill rows a double amount of
seed is sown at the expense of an unnecessary dis¬
tance between the grains of the intersecting spaces,
brought about by sowing one-half the required amount
per acre in each direction. The grain may thin out
sufficiently to warrant a good crop, but at the same
time a vast amount of undeveloped straw and grain
heads will doubtless result from the procedure of
sowing. At least such was my observation in a
similar experiment. - C. D. b.
Skillman, N. J.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.
Don't you think our agricultural education, u-i* to date,
has been a little one-sided? Don't you think it has dealt
too exclusively with how to produce, and overlooked the
broader financial and economic problem of cost of pro¬
duction? Don’t you think it time we farmers had a lit¬
tle “primer science” along this line? We are ignorant as
mules in this matter, and we need instruction. We need
it far more than we need to be told how to dump a ton
of $40 fertilizer into an acre of soil that we may dig
300 or 500 bushels of potatoes, haul them seven or 3 2
miles, to receive 15 or 30 cents a bushel ; potatoes that
eventually will be sold to the city wage earner for 15 or
20 cents a small measure (four quarts), and if he wails
at the high cost be told with a significant shrug that
“the farmers ai'e getting rich.” J. b. w.
We certainly do think so, and we have been ex¬
pressing that thought for years. Any man who wants
to do so can be told how to produce large crops. We
do not need more food in this country', but rather a
fairer distribution of what is now produced. The
“consumer’s dollar” is the greatest question of the
day. We know that this dollar is paid, and we know
what the producer gets out of it. Who gets the bal¬
ance? Where does it go to? Does its investment
help or hurt the farmer? We need the cold-blocxied
facts in reply to these questions far more than some
of the items of “research” attempted by the agricul¬
tural scientists. We can get analyses of almost every¬
thing from ashes to water. Now analyze the con¬
sumer’s dollar for us and see where it goes to.
1911.
1 23
SOME ENEMIES OF ALFALFA.
Alfalfa is a- great friend of the farmer, but like
other friends it attracts enemies as it spreads. As
potato culture developed insects and disease followed
and multiplied, as apple orchards accumulated in any
section, insects and diseases peculiar to apple trees
became pests. So it seems to be with Alfalfa. In
Colorado grasshoppers followed Alfalfa development
until they are a regular plague. In Utah the Alfalfa
leaf-weevil has appeared in such numbers that it has
ruined many old fields. The Utah Experiment Station
has issued Bulletin No. 110, dealing with the insect.
SEVEN-YEAR-OLD CULTIVATED TREE. Fig. 143.
See First. Page.
It is a native of Europe and is probably found wher¬
ever Alfalfa is grown, although it is not troublesome
except in sections where the crop has become an ex¬
tensive one. It feeds on Alfalfa and on six varieties
of clover, including Red and Crimson. It is probable
that the weevil was first brought to this country in
hay or straw used in packing crockery or nursery
stock. It has no doubt been in the Atlantic States for
some years but has not become serious, since Alfalfa
is not largely grown. It seems that many western
fruit orchards are surrounded by fields of Alfalfa or
Sweet clover. The insects crawl into the fruit pack¬
ages, and are in this way carried about. They also
travel in hay or feed, and in this way are distributed.
The insect passes the Winter as an adult beetle — in
any well sheltered place. When the Alfalfa starts they
come out and begin laying eggs within a few days.
These eggs hatch in seven to 16 days and the other
changes in the life of the insect follow. The insects
cut holes or slits in the Alfalfa stems, or at the base
of the leaves where they lay the eggs, and this cut¬
ting and gouging ruins the plant, and in many cases
this means, a loss of from 40 to 90 per cent of the
crop. The young insects also feed on the plants and
do great damage.
The insects are worst where the Alfalfa is left a
long time without rcplowing and seeding. In Utah,
where irrigation is given, the Alfalfa fields sometimes
stand 30 or more years, and these old fields are badly
affected. In the East where Alfalfa will probably be
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
the field was worked at least once a week with a
brush drag or a sweeper. A picture of the brush
drag is shown at Fig. 142. This is made by laying
the butts of short brush five or six feet long on a
plank 12 or 14 feet long, with other rows of brush
shingled on — the whole thing weighted down by a
tooth harrow with the teeth down directly on the
brush drag. This drag knocks off many weevils and
kills them, while the thick dust suffocates more. An¬
other device is the wire street sweeper shown at Fig.
144. It was found that this machine killed nearly all
the insects, but the high cost ($300 or more) puts it
out of reach. These devices may kill the insects in
the field, but usually more come in from outside so
that the great hope lies in community working.
Another form of “gathering machine” is shown at
Fig. 146. This is made from a wheat header which
harvests grain by cutting off the heads and upper part
of the straw. This machine knocks off the insects
into a pan. In one case 70 gallons of the insects were
“gathered” in this way from 15 acres. This means
an average of about 166,000 weevils to the acre. By
putting crude oil in the bottom of the box where the
weevils are “gathered” few can escape. It is also
possible to destroy many by burning the fields over,
and spraying with arsenic would get them. The story
is important as showing how these western Alfalfa
growers must face serious trouble in growing this
crop. These insects are likely to cut down the out¬
put, while our eastern growers with smaller fields
and a short rotation have less cause for alarm. Any
way you look at it the eastern farmer ought to work
into Alfalfa.
A NEBRASKA CORN GROWER TALKS.
Your challenge to ^western farmers to engage in a
corn growing contest does not look practical to a
western farmer along the lines proposed. If the chal¬
lenge had been made to show the net profits from a
whole farm of a given number of acres, say 120 or
160 acres, or if it were made to include the net profits
for the amount of corn one man could produce in a
season, it would be a different proposition.
To limit one to the product of a single acre, the
whole contest would hinge on local markets, and it
is probable that the eastern farmer would receive as
much for his single acre in cash as the western farmer,
even if he produced less corn to the acre. To a west¬
ern farmer who feeds all his corn to hogs and cattle
the lower price of his corn makes little difference
when it comes to figuring profits on a farm, as his
corn goes to market in the form of live stock. If
the contest were based on bushels one man could
produce in a season, and the profits obtained for his
season’s work, it would look different, as it is not un¬
usual or unheard-of for one man to produce 4,000
bushels of shelled corn in a season.
Now let me say a few words about local markets to
illustrate the fact that you do not always have the
advantage. Last Spring when your New York farm¬
ers were figuring seed potatoes at a value of 16 cents
per bushel, I was selling my Early Ohios at home
for 60 cents per bushel measured, and if I had not
sold so soon could have had $1 per bushel for them.
Considering that my expense for raising was seed, $5,
rent, $3 per acre, and the labor of raising, which I
did myself, you can figure the profits per acre, as the
yield was over 160 bushels, which was small, of course,
because I have raised at the rate of about 400 bushels
on the same ground. It was the short crop that
IRRIGATION BY PUMPING.
Some days ago I read an article in The R. N.-Y.,
answering a query in regard to putting in a small
irrigation outfit to water two acres of garden. Prac¬
tically all the water we get in this region is lifted by
a pump of some sort, and in the light of experience
in this method of irrigation I would offer some sug¬
gestions which will help the man who has the courage
to take charge of weather conditions in the event
that rain fails to fall. The two-inch pump and 2^2
horse-power engine will take care of the two acres
nicely, furnishing about 125 gallons per minute at a
TEN-YEAR-OLD MULCHED TREE. Fig. 145.
See First Page.
speed of 800 revolutions if properly lined out. The
installation will be more simple to use the foot valve
on the suction pipe and keep the pump above water.
If there is danger of debris in the creek sink a box
around the suction. It would be an expensive mis¬
take to use two-inch pipe for 200 feet and work the
little engine against so much friction. A three-inch
pipe connected to the pump by a reducer and run up
at an angle of 45° to a vertical height of 18 feet
arranged to empty into a wooden flume which con¬
nects with the garden will avoid excessive speed of
the water, and also do away with most of the pipe.
The suction should be at least 2j4-inch pipe. If this
is not suited to conditions use four-inch pipe from
pump to field. I his may be made of heavy galvanized
pipe material, and reduced to the two-inch connection
on the pump, but the flume will be more satisfactory
if it can be used. The flume may be cheaply made
with two boards put together, pig-trough style, and
lined with roofing paper, lapping the joints like
shingles.
Another thing should not be lost sight of; when
the field needs irrigation it probably will all need it
at once, for the rain wets the whole patch t lie same
day, and it would be a wise plan to pump an earth
tank full of water and have it on hand if the ground
can be sufficient^ puddled to hold water; 125 gallons
per minute is a feeble stream to do anything with,
and less than that is little more than an aggravation
unless it be stored up until sufficient “head” has ac-
WIRE SWEEPER FOR KILLING ALFALFA WEEVILS. Fig. 144.
MACHINE FOR GATHERING ALFALFA WEEVILS.
Fig. 140.
used as part of a long rotation it is not likely that
the insect will do great damage. In Utah measures
for fighting the insect have in mind the plan of pre¬
venting its feeding when it first comes through Win¬
ter and then tearing up the soil lightly with a heavy
dust to destroy the insects and drive them away. Thus
the field may be worked lightly with the disk harrow
and then watered at once to rush the Alfalfa into
growth. In several cases close pasturing and dragging
has proved helpful. Horses or sheep were turned iii
to keep the Alfalfa eaten close. During this pasturing
made the price. So in a contest like that you propose
the eastern farmer, on a single acre of land, would
have the advantage of a higher local market most
likely, unless the western man could sell his product
at a fancy price for seed. Yours for fair play.
Wayne Co., Neb. r. o. stringer.
R. N.-Y. — We recognize the common sense in the
above statement. We would like to carry the corn
contest through as suggested first, but if any of our
eastern farmers would like to meet. Mr. Stringer, man
to man, to match the productive labor of one worker,
we .shall be pleased to help arrange a contest.
cumulated to put it out and over the ground. The
free Government pamphlet, “Practical Irrigation for
Beginners, ' will be very helpful in giving methods for
handling the water. The 125 gallons per minute
should be delivered at a cost of not more than 30
cents a day for engine naphtha if the right machinery
is selected, and the best should be procured; it's the
cheapest in the end. I hope that the result of this
trial will appear in The R. N.-Y., for it is the first
attempt at pump irrigation I have heard of in my
native State. ,A. s w
Columbus, N. M.
1 24
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the -writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a qaestion, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
ft few questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]
A New Scheme for Orchard Heating.
I have a plum orchard of 300 trees,
nine years old, set 14 x 16. They have
become so large they are shaded, so they
rot quite a lot, and it is hard to get
through to spray. I have commenced
cutting every other one out ; it takes
some nerve to cut a thrifty tree with the
prospect of bearing from three to five
bushels this year, but I am doing it.
Last year the frost killed about all, so 1
only got a small crop. I think I shall
experiment this Spring, if there is any
danger of frost, by splitting the stumps
and coal-oiling them, and cut the bodies
and limbs in short lengths set on end,
and cover with dirt like the old coal
pits we used to burn. harvey hill.
Darke Co., O.
R. N.-Y. — This is a new idea to us.
You are right in cutting out the trees,
but it does take nerve to do it properly.
In case of a severe frost you will prob¬
ably need more heat than the covered
piles will give out In California they
have a set of thermometers which reg¬
ister the temperature around the orchard.
Greenhouse Attached to Dwelling.
L. N. D., page 11, must bear in mind
that if the greenhouse is built against the
dwelling, it is almost impossible to ex¬
clude the tobacco odor. The smoke will
find the tiniest opening through the side
of the house and penetrate to all parts,
and it is hardly out before the next
fumigation takes place. If a person is
ill, or has a weak throat, this vile odor
is very distressing. The house should be
so constructed that the tobacco fumes
will be absolutely excluded. f. c. c.
R. N.-Y.— In such a greenhouse it
would be well to use other forms of to¬
bacco to combat insects, rather than
depend upon fumigation with crude
stalks, which, as F. C. C. says, is ex¬
tremely penetrating.
NEW HAMPSHIRE ORCHARDS AND
TAXATION.
On page 29, A. L. Littlefield says that
■we did not mention in our resolution to
have the orehards exempted from taxes, set
and eared for by some one of the approved
methods and under the direction and ap¬
proval of the horticultural department of
the State College, as he mentioned in "New
England Farms.” As I was the one that
brought this resolution before the meeting,
1 will say that 1 did not see his article in
“ New England Farms,” but my idea was
that a new manufacturing company can
come in the State — or, ( in particular, in
Manchester — and start up business and be
exempted from taxes for 10 years, when
they are running their business from the
start The Amoskeag Co. built a new mill
to cost $1 ,000,000, and they have a small
tax to pay in comparison with other prop¬
erty owners ; have been doing business for
50 years or ’more, paying big dividends to
those who are fortunate enough to own the
shares, and yet they are exempted for 10
years on $1 ,000,000 property.
Now, if some one interested in fruit grow¬
ing takes five acres or more of his land and
plants an orchard on it and cares for it in
the up-to-date methods and tries to raise
better fruit than our Western brother
(which I think can be done here in New
Hampshire), he has to put a lot of work
and expense on that land, and he gets no
return until the trees commence to bear.
Why should he have to pay taxes on that
property that he is getting no return from,
and paying out in money and labor, when
his neighbor is getting returns from his
property every day and still paying no
taxes?
Another resolution of quite as much im¬
portance was the one asking for a grant
from this Legislature . to carry on demon¬
stration work by the college in different
parts of the State. Last Spring I wrote
to Prof. Pickett asking him if he would
come to our place and show us how to
prune our fruit trees, or send some one
who understood the work, and he wrote that
he could not, as there was no appropriation
for such, work, but after a little correspond-
er. 'o he agreed to send his assistant. Prof.'
February 4,
Wolff, on condition that we pay all ex¬
penses and make it a public demonstration,
which we were only too glad to do. Quite
a crowd turned out to see Prof. Wolff, and
it stirred up an interest in both the work
and the college. Now, if the State will give
a little money to help in this work, so the
college can send its men to different parts
oi the State and take an orchard and care
for it in the latest methods, I think it
would do more for the fruit or horticultural
interests of this State than any other one
tiling. HARVEY T. COREY.
HORSERADISH AND DANDELIONS.
I have never had much experience with
horseradish, but a neighbor who seemed to
have just the ground for it, though not
growing* other truck crops, seemed to suc¬
ceed with it and always had good returns
on his crops, shipped in barrels to a com¬
mission house in Cleveland. I would think
it risky to attempt to grow it extensively
before I was sure that I had the soil that
would grow nice roots, as it is the fancy
article that brings the price, besides being
handled with less work, and I should not
be much afraid of overdoing the market on
this kind of stock. Our products are about
all sold direct to the consumer, and there¬
fore we have a limited use for it, and that
only for the prepared article, which we take
along in a galvanized pail with cover, and
sell out at “ 10 cents per dipper full,”
the customer furnishing the receptacle.
Quite a number of things work in nicely
and pay in this way, when no middlemen
come in for a share of the proceeds, and cus¬
tomers are always pleased to get such
things at first hands, and knowing the
ingredients are pure. If one grows a quan¬
tity and has to depend on commission men
to ‘sell the crop, 1 would advise going slow
till one is sui’e of his ground.
A limited quantity of dandelion for greens
works in well, giving consumers a variety
of things, which is always pleasing, but
unless one is located near a large city 1
would consider its use quite limited, and
much more risky to grow than horseradish,
with chances of loss in marketing, which
do not appear with horseradish.
Wayne Co., O. c. weckesser.
Horseradish as a market garden crop is
not always profitable except in localities
where there is a certain and steady demand,
such as is usually found in our large city
markets and then only when it can be cul¬
tivated as a second crop. As a rule, the
soil in market gardens is in a high state of
cultivation, and will give better returns in
some of the early or more standard crops.
But as a farm crop it is a different proposi¬
tion. Here the land is not considered as
valuable in fertility, and the acreage more
extensive. Soil that will grow a good crop
of corn or potatoes will usually produce a
good crop of horseradish, and when choice
can be had a loose loamy soil, rather moist
than dry, should be preferred. The roots
can be planted in the early Spring, cul¬
tivated by horse power, and the expense of
growing the crop will he somewhat reduced,
if we do not figure the interest of our land too
high. In case we do not find a ready market
for the entire crop the first year, we can
allow it to remain in the field, to come on
the next Fall, without any material loss.
By this method of culture the crop will
pav as well as or better than the average
farm crop. The selling price will average
from $4 to .$5 per hundred pounds, unless
you have a contract price, in which case
the crop could be grown extensively at a
handsome profit. As to the growing of
dand?lions I have had but little experience
but 1 am of the opinion the venture would
not pay. T~
rnlliT Tn CEO Apples, Tears, F lams, Cherries,
FK til l IK LLU Peaches, Small Fruits, Shrubs,
I ItWI ■ IH Roses. Finest Stock. Low
’rices. Free Catalogue. Write us before you buy.
. Faerber Fruitland Nurseries. 303 Wlnton Rd.N.,Roohester,N.T.
■w -w t ± m T>n a few good customers for
\A/ A |\1 I r I Jour unexcelled Trees,
* * ’ A * * * Shrubs and Plants.
We want your custom and you want our goods.
Send for our FREE catalog.
The Rochester Nurseries, Rochester, N.Y.
_ Alfalfa Book
of the alfalfa district
and are the largest handlers of
alfalfa in the U. S. We sell best grade
seed at low price. Ask for Free Alfalfa Booklet
by Prof. Montgomery, Nebraska State Agricul¬
tural College.
i Also big catalog of all Garden and Field Seeds Free.
Griswold Seed Co., 227 So. lOth St.. Lincoln. Neb,
EVERGREENS
Nursery grown, suitable for all pur¬
poses. W.00 and up per thousand. We
lave 60 millions. Our low prices will
istonish you. Also Hardy Forest trees,
ihade. Ornamental aud Fruit trees, .
Shrubs, Vines, etc. Our beautiful Cat-
ilog is crowded with valuable informa-
ion. This and 50 Great Bargain Sheet are Free.
Send for them today.
0. HILL NURSERY CO., Box 212, Dundee, III.
Evergreen Specialists
FRUIT TREES
Pears, Bartlett, Seckeland others. Fine, healthy
trees. Cherrlos, very low in price. Plums, all^
best varieties. Peaches, grown from buds
from bearing trees. Guaranteed true-to-
label. Also extra fine
Currants and Crapes,
any quantity. Spe- (
cial 40c, $land$2.60
Lot Offers, for gar¬
den planting for home
use : Our prices have not been
advanced to meet the recent
’general raise. Get wholesale
prices direct from us and save 4
to Free catalog. Write.
W. P. RUPERT & SON, Box 20, Seneca, N. Y.
AhoBreed-ers of Prize Hampshire Sheep.
This Beautiful New Rose
- The
Climbing
^American
Beauty
was originated by
us — a cross be¬
tween the Ameri¬
can Beauty and
the seedling of
one of our hardy
climbing roses.
The result is a
rose as beautiful
and exquisitely
fragrant as the American Beauty, with
blooms 3 to 4 inches in diameter— but it is
hardy as an oak, of strong habit of
growth, a perfect mass of bloom in June.
The Climbing American Beauty will grow
wherever a climbing or pillar rose will —
why not in your garden? We will sell
year-old plants of this wonderful new rose
at $2.00 each — mailed, postpaid, to any
address on receipt of amount. Write for
folder giving full particulars.
Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Company
West Chester, Pa.
Seeds, Plants, Roses.
■*» 11 _ wvt _ _ _ _
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, etc.
Hundreds of car lots of
FRUIT and OSSA.
MENTAL TREES. 1.200
acres, 50 in hardy Roses
nonebettergrown. 44 green-
houses of Palms, Ferns
Ficus, Geraniums and
other things too numerous
to mention. Seeds, Plants,
Bulbs, Roses, Small Trees, etc., by mail, post¬
paid. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Immense stock of SUPERB CANNAS, the
queen of bedding plants. Acres of Paeonias and
other Perennials. 50 choice collections cheap in
Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc. Elegant 168 -page
Catalog FREE. Send for it today and see what
values we give for your money. Direct deal will
Insure you the best at first cost. 57 years. (11)
The Storrs & Harrison Co., Box l56,Painesville,0.
Save TREE Money
this FREE Book
Tells How
It’s worth a good deal to every one in¬
tending to buy trees, vines or plants of
any kind. It contains valuable informa¬
tion about our system of selling which
will save you the agent’s commission
and enable you to get the highest grade
stock without extra cost. We want you
to have a copy of this book, and will
send it on receipt of your name and address.
Allen L. Wood, Woodlawn Nurseries
569 Culver Road, Rochester, N. Y.
1
*
iuaranteedTree
t Wholesale Price
Buy Direct from Us and Save Money!
All stock of High Quality and Genesee
Valley Grown, where Scale is unknown.
20 CHERRY TREES, $1.20
2 F.v. Richmond, 2 Montmorency, 2 Eng. Morello,
2 1 >y chouse, 2 Napoleon. 2 Gov. Wood, 2 Blk. Tarta¬
rian. 2 Schmidt's Big. 2 Bing, 2 Lambert.
True to Same or Money Sack.
Write now for Free Catalogue of Complete Line.
Reilly Bros. Nurseries, 1026 Reilly Rd., Dansville, N Y.
Black’s Peach Trees-1911
• . .v,„ Peach Trees are one of our specialties — we
grow for quality and not quantity alone. Oui
trees, however, cost little, if any, more than the
ordinary 9ort — we employ no agents, but seljj
direct, saving middleman's profits.
Booklet
)
New booklet, “ Si*ingtime and
Harvest for the Fruit-grower,” free.
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co.
Box V.’Hightstown.New Jersey^ pj-gg
12 FRUIT TREES
WORTH
$1.90
FOR 98c
1 Roosevelt, 1 Bradshaw Plum, 1
Niagara Peach, 1 Bing, 1 Napo¬
leon. 1 Montmorency Cherry, 1
Baldwin, I McIntosh, 1 King
Apple, 1 Orange Quince, 1 Bartlett,
1 Seckel Pear. All first class trees,
2 yr., 4 ft high for 98c. Everybody
write for free illustrated catalogue.
M&loney Bros. 0 Wells, Box 13 D&nsvilU, N„ Y.
Rochester Grown
Elberta Peaches
The most profitable market
variety. Catalogue and
price on application
Ellwanger & Barry
MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES
Rochester, N. Y.
Leaders for 70
Years
FRUIT, SHADE and ORNAMENTAL
TREES, SHRUBS and ROSES
A Large Stock of the Finest Quality. Also
a Full Line of the BEST Spray Pumps, and
Spray Material. Prices Low and Satisfac¬
tion Guaranteed. We Deal Direct with
our Customers. Write for Price List.
CALL’S NUKSEKIES, Perry, Ohio.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
FRUIT TREES
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry and
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.
NURSERY STOCK IN BARGAIN LOTS.
We pay Express or Freight to any K. R, station in the U. S. and guarantee satisfac¬
tion and arrival in good condition on all shipments on these off ers, _w Inch we hope will encourage
the extensive planting of commercial sorts. They are GENUINE BARGAINS. No limit on these
bargain lots. Order one or more lots, as may be desired. These lots are all nice, clean stock, true
to name and free from disease. Write for descriptive price list. * * * *
NO. 1. FOR $6.00
100 Elberta Peach, 2 to 3 feet. 1 yr. from bud
10 Jonathan Apple, 1 year 2 to 3 feet
NO. 5, FOR $10.00
100 Apple, select. 1 year, 3 to four feet
10 Spitzenberg 30 Winesap 10 Rome Beauty
20 Winter Banana 30 Jonathan
NO. 6. FOR $16.00
100 Cherry, 2 year from bud, 5 to 6 feet
80 Early Richmond 10 Montmorency
10 Dyehouse
NO. 4, FOR $8.00
100 Apple, 2 to 3 feet, first-class, one year
40 Jonathan 40 Rome Beauty 20 Winesap
NO. 7, FOR $15.00
50 Kieffer Pear, 4 to 0 feet, first-class 50 Early Richmond, 2 year, 4 to 6 feet
. . . ORDER ANY OF THE ABOVE BY NUMBER . . .
.NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, NEW RAVEN, MISSOURI
FRUIT TREES
no rash promises. Send for it today. H.
CHERRY
A
TREES $8.00 PER lOO AND UP
ae Apple, Pear, Plum, Peach and Small Fruits
Readers of this paper are familiar with the values
we have offered thru its columns for over a quarter
of a century. Our new catalog is ready, it makes
S. WILEI & SON, Drawer 182, Cayuga, New York.
Big Money Is Made Growing Peaches for Market
A six-year-old Peach Orchard in Palisade, Colorado, sold for $24,630.50 cash. Peaches was the only
produce raised and sold from the land. When six acres bring this amount of money it proves that grow¬
ing Peaches is immensely profitable when rightly conducted. East of the Mississippi River nearly every
farm lias slopes which face the north and east — with natural Peach Soil. Learn what varietiesthrive on your
land, enemies to avoid, tare of the trees, and a big crop of choice fruit is almost a certainty. Carefully
marketed, fancy Peadies sell for more than oranges, and land for Peaches costs less.
We Tell You HOW to Grow Peaches RIGHT
Our big orchards make us lots of money. Some of our bearing trees are twenty-five years old. with no
sign of yellows. Six million fmeyoung Peach Trees are now growing in our nurseries. Would you plant
some this siring, if xve show you how to make them succeed? If ycu will, send for our unusual catalogue
for 1911 NOW. Veteran growers and beginners will find it invaluable. It's free, but tell us how many
trees you need. Write Notv. The book also tells about Apples, Pears, Grapes, Strawberries, etc.
Orlando Harrison, Private Desk 15, HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Berlin, Maryland
1911
THE RURAL, NEW-VOKKER
l^S
A “BACK TO THE LAND” MAN.
D. N. B., Kingston, l‘a.- A man has pur¬
chased a small farm (25 acres) and has paid
within $350 of the purchase price. Such
conditions have arisen in the past three
years that he has been unable to make fur¬
ther payments on the balance, and no better
prospects for the future in his present busi¬
ness, and therefore is thinking seriously of
making a venture on the farm. He has
not had much practical experience, never
turning a furrow in his life, but understands
the planting and cultivation of almost all
truck products that can be grown in this
section, as he has done a little on a small
scale. He has also for the past nine years
been reading on the scientific side, learning
from the same how to mix fertilizers on any
basis desired, and also spraying, etc. The
farm is not in a good state of cultivation,
but responds to a very little fertilizer, yet
is not in shape for trucking to any extent
the first year. There is a swamp of several
acres on the place that possibly can be
drained, but not at present on account of
means. Possibly an acre or two along the
edge can be worked if ditched thoroughly,
but that cannot be relied on the first Sum¬
mer, unless possibly some late celery could
be placed on part of it. The question is,
whether by going In debt about $200 more
would three or four good cows do the sus¬
taining act along with the little truck that
could be raised until the land could be put
in shape for the following year. Grain
would have to be bought, the roughage be¬
ing raised. Would butter or milk pay the
best, cows chosen accordingly? Butter al¬
ways brings from 25 to 40 cents a pound
retail, and milk three and four cents a
quart, wholesale. The farm is located not
quite a mile from a lake that is populated in
the Summer by moneyed people, and is a
good market. There are about 10 acres,
not including swamp, that will raise almost
any truck, including melons.
Ans. — It will be possible for some men
to make good under such conditions,
while others would certainly fail. Thus
it depends on the man and his family,
and no general opinion would be worth
the paper it was written on — unless we
could see the men and talk with him. On
such a farm, with economy and hard
work, it would be possible to start and
live, but it would be a struggle for a
strong man. With that local market
milk retailed ought to pay, but at
wholesale prices butter would pay bet¬
ter — leaving the skim-milk for feeding.
Potatoes usually sell well in that lo¬
cality. Start first with a good garden
and determine to get most of your food
out of it. Start small fruits at once,
and pick out one or two good crops
which are fitted to your labor and skill.
POINTS FOR THAT HEN WOMAN.
The statement of the Massachusetts
woman on page 16 is very interesting.
But I do not think her test is quite fair
to good birds, or even to the birds she
has. Given a flock of 900, all sold ex¬
cept 154, is it not highly probable that
the remaining 154, were the least desir¬
able members of the original flock?
Should one expect the average amount of
good work from them? Then, when 154
can easily be cared for by one person,
should the board of the owner, and
two hired men, be charged to them?
Now perhaps E. II. has more than three
people to feed on $20 per week, and if
so she will pardon me I am sure, when I
say that it seems a bit expensive for
three people. I think she will soon find
that the food of 154 birds can be kept
down to about $3.50 per week, with
satisfactory results. The very heavy
feeding during December, of which she
speaks, cannot safely be kept up very
long, especially if her birds belong to
the American class.
Just one more thing. During a six
years’ experience with poultry and
“help,” I have readied the conclusion
that the combination is a poor one, un¬
less the owner is so placed that she can
do the feeding herself, and give time
each day to careful oversight of details.
Otherwise she runs considerable risk of
failure. Either the hens will grow fat
and lazy from overfeeding, or she will
suddenly find herself in the midst of an
epidemic that might have been avoided,
by the early removal of one or two sick
birds. Or a brooder lid will be left open,
in a pouring rain, and a promising lot
of baby chicks drowned, as happened
here. The person who feels the greatest
interest in the birds, must do the feeding
and take the responsibility. But E. H.
was certainly wise in deciding not to im¬
port fresh birds (and fresh diseases),
on her farm each Spring. Better the
evils at hand, than unpleasant surprises.
Albany Co., N. Y. c. c. fraleigh.
I Built this Maxwell Especially
for Farmers
Top, wind shield, and gras lamps extra
T AST year we sold 4,227 Maxwells to farmers. Think
of it! This so stirred my enthusiasm that I resolved
to design a car for farmers especially. One that would
stand the hardships and terrific punishment of rough
farm work, and yet stand up 365 days in the year.
Typical Farmers* Car
Operating a farm myself, I knew
what was wanted. I knew the
car must be substantially built
of first-class materials. That it
must be a big car, adaptable
both for business and pleasure.
That it must possess ample
power. That it must possess
simplicity and accessibility of
parts. Above all, it must be a
car of stylish lines and dignified
appearance. Such a car I built.
When I figured up manufactur¬
ing cost, to my great surprise I
found that owing to the tre¬
mendous Maxwell facilities and
output I could sell this car at
the exceedingly low price of
$950. Such car value was never
before known.
Not a City Car
It doesn’t pay to sell a car built
for city use — fine boulevards
and macadam roads — telling
the farmer it is the ideal car
for the country. This policy
may sell the first car, but never
the second.
Ask any Maxwell Owner
Ask any Maxwell owner what
it has cost him, saved him and
produced for him. How it has
saved his horses. How it has
kept young men with their
father on the farm because of
its money-making possibilities.
Ask h im how it compares in
expense with horse-drawn
vehicles — if it is a paying
investment.
Be My Guest Call on the nearest Maxwell dealer. I have
— - - - - arranged for him to invite you and your
family to ride in any Maxwell you select — at my expense. Be
sure and try the Model AB — the new 16 H. P. Farmers’
Runabout at $600. Satisfy yourself that all Maxwells work
alike — that they are equally reliable. The car will save you
money, just as it has 40,726 other Maxwell owners.
Here’s the Car
you
*ve waited
for at a price
you can afford.
These Books
Free
Let me send you
our latest cata¬
logue, new “Farm¬
ers’ Economy
Booklet ’’and other
timely literature. I
will gladly send you
these books free —
and no obligation.
Write me today. A
postal will do. Just
say, “ Mail Books. ’ ’
/‘resident and
General Manager
SALE OP MAXWELLS TO DATE M AXWELL-BRISCOE MOTOR CO.
Art Street, Tarrytown, N. Y.
Sold to Nov. 30, 1910
Sold during Dec. 1910
Maxwells in use today
- 40,176
550
- 40,726
WATCH THE FIGURES GROW
Licensed under Selden Patent
Sawdust as Mulch.
Would coarso white pine sawdust, left to
the weather six or eight years, do as a
mulch and Winter cover one or two inches
thick on a strawberry bed? h. w. s.
Billerica, Mass.
The trouble with such material Is that
It packs down over the . plants and may
smother them. We have known forest
leaves to mat down when damp and kill
the plants. Coarse material like strawy
manure, coarse straw or vines is best,
ibis covering will hold the frost in the
soil and still give the plants air. We
have not found anything better than cow-
pea or bean vines. We would not use this
sawdust.
Boston
Buffalo
Washington
Newcastle
Toledo
Kansas City
Omaha
BR.AKTCH
New York
Atlanta
Charlotte
Cleveland
South Bend
St. IiOixis
Des Moines
Albany
Philadelphia
Chicago
Columbus
Minnea polis
Bos Angeles
Salt Bake City
Syracuse
Pittsburgh
Indianapolis
Detroit
Dallas
San Francisco
t
February 4,
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
PREPARING SWAMP FOR ONIONS.
C. G. L. (No Address — 1 am interested
In onion culture. I have considerable swamp
land we could drain. Would this land
bring onions the first year? There is a lot
of old swamp grass on most of it I
notice the Hope Farm man uses seed when
he grows onions. Wouldn't onion sets be
less trouble? We always used sets and
raise a few in the garden.
Ans. — We should not care to drain
the average swamp, plow and plant
onions for the first crop. Onions re¬
quire very careful cultivation and are
hard to keep clean. Much hand work is
required, and we would rather precede
them with a cleaning crop. Corn or
cabbage grown in hills, worked both
ways and hand-hoed will clean the land
and prepare it for onions. Be sure to
use a good dressing of lime before you
plant onions. You can use sets if you
like, but they will prove more expen¬
sive than seed or seedling plants such as
are used at Hope Farm.
MAINE POTATO BOOM ON DECLINE
The potato boom in central Maine has
begun to slump. Men who were declaring
a year ago that the market could never be
glutted with first quality stock now frankly
admit their error, and are making plans
accordingly. It has been a hard lesson for
many, but good will come from it in the
end. Diversified farming with stock hus¬
bandry as the leading feature, will now
occupy the place to which it was assigned
by both experience and science many years
ago. Thousands of acres that were plowed
for potatoes last Fall will be planted with
corn instead, and the flocks and herds will
flourish accordingly. The sheep industry
will show the results of the transition first,
with poultry, swine and dairy cattle fol¬
lowing in the order given.
The fertilizer companies have been pri¬
marily responsible for the renewed interest
in corn. Special prizes offered in connec¬
tion with the New England Corn Exposi¬
tion put the limelight upon the fact that
more food can be grown per acre right
here in the far East than anywhere else in
the United States. Results obtained by
practical farmers working under ordinary
conditions have been held up to the public
with great effect. The methods employed
have been emphasized, until the average
man feels sure that he can go and do
likewise and be sure of getting a fair re¬
turn for his labor. Sheep will come first
when the farmers stock up with something
to eat the corn crop. One of the principal
reasons for this is the Somerset and Frank¬
lin Sheep Breeders’ Association, which has
been diligently at work for nearly a year,
sounding the praises of the “golden hoof.”
First they say that the capital required is
not so great as to debar any interested
farmer from getting at least the founda¬
tion for a good flock. Then the returns
eome in so quickly that the buyer will have
his sheep and the money too at the end
of a few months, or else stock enough to
enlarge rapidly afterwards. Finally the
profits that good sheep men get out of the
business seem almost incredible. To care
for sheep is not so exacting as chicken
raising or dairying, and the change will not
make the ex-potato grower feel that he is
ti<fd down after all.
A lot of that corn crop will be turned
into eggs and chicken meat, unless some¬
thing unforeseen upsets the carefully laid
plans of the poultry specialists. Hero
again the center of organized activity is
in Somerset County, where two poultry pro¬
ducers’ associations have recently been
formed. Poultrymen insist that hens have
the same advantages as sheep, only more
*o. The census figures prove that a lot of
people think so, too, for the fowls kept in
the county have doubled in number within
a very few years. The producer gets more
out of the consumer’s dollar when he raises
poultry and eggs than from anything else
turned into the usual channels of trade.
Freight and express rates are lower in
proportion to the value than on other food
products, and the competition among the
traders keeps their margin of profit down.
Still the poultrymen are wise to the fact
that the margin can be still further re¬
duced by co-operative organization and
marketing. They propose to get together
and grade their stock with extreme care,
and then work to cut out every super¬
fluous middleman. They will not have to
buck the beef trust either. The way was
paved for comprehensive plans in up-to-
date breeding when the Somerset Poultry
Producers’ Association held the first show
at Skowhegan. Everything was on a busi¬
ness basis, and in the fat stock classes the
birds were killed and picked then drawn
and trussed before the judges said which
was which. It took something besides
feathers to win in that class, and everybody
said it was the most interesting thing of
the kind they had ever seen.
Swine will take a back seat as com¬
pared with sheep and poultry, chiefly be¬
cause the breeders have not taken the
trouble to organize. Several progressive
farmers have demonstrated that pork can
be grown on the products of a Maine farm
and marketed at a good profit, but the
how and the why makes, slow progress
around the State. Organized effort would
work wonders with the business, but noth¬
ing of the kind is in sight, so the pig is
likely to keep on for a time as a side
issue m the dairy business. The lovers of
the dairy business insist that it is the
corner-stone of good farming, and when
the cow keepers take out their wallets to
buy stuff from the hard-nressed potato
growers, there is something besides the
man to talk. It may be smart to joke
about the unprogressive farmers, but the
stand-patters in the midst of the potato
boom have got the best laugh. Every one
of them who kept on raising a variety of
crops and animals has had plenty of
stuff to sell and at prices that would have
looked impossible 10 years ago.
The dairy industry is well organized too,
in addition to enjoying strong support
from the Department of Agriculture. The
Maine Dairymen’s Association is an old
organization now taking a new lease of
life. Meetings were held last Fall in every
county, and much interest aroused, but the
newer cow testing associations are what is
making things happen. These organizations
are strictly local, and the members get
together every month. Then they talk
farts and business. While they go by the
name of cow -testing associations, . man-test¬
ing would be more accurate. Dairy ac¬
counting is the primary work they are
doing. Then when the members get to¬
gether they have records to compare, and
after that it doesn't take them long to see
who’s who. The next step is to look into
the whys and wherefores, and after that
progress is both rapid and sure.
Humanity likes to be shown, and farm¬
ers are no exception to the general run.
Those members of the cow test associations
who can look back upon the progress made
since they began to have records of what
their herds were doing are now beginning
to think that perhaps there are other de¬
partments of the farm that could be braced
up in a similar manner. Bookkeeping by
the individual farmer is practically out
of the question, but organized into an
association the problem becomes very sim¬
ple. That system has worked wonders in
Denmark, and lots of the progressive ones
who have read up on it, are wondering
how much longer they can afford to be
without it here in Maine. Under the Dan¬
ish system each member of the accounting
association is visited at intervals by an
agricultural expert, and after a few years
a system of cropping is developed that is
especially adapted to that particular farm.
This gives the maximum profit, keeps the
agriculture properly diversified and makes
such booms and slumps as are afflicting
the potato industry impossible. If it were
not for the financial condition of the State
there would be a strong demand for the
Department of Agriculture to make a start
towards introducing the Danish system
next year, and even at that ifmay be done
anyhow. There is plenty of money avail¬
able if it were properly expended.
JOHN E. TAYLOR.
GALLOWAY
SAVES YOU
$50 to $300 ;
1-fMjr •* t t'l' If
SAVE from $50 to $300 by buying: your gasoline engine of 1% to 28-H.-P. fronj
a real engine factory. Save dealer, jobber and catalogue house profit. No such offer
as I make on the class of engine I sell has ever been made before in all Gasoline Engine
history. Here is the secret and reason : I turn them out all alike by the thousands in my
enormous modern factory, equipped with automatic machinery. I sell them direct to you
for less money than some factories can make them at actual shop cost.
All you pay me for is actual raw material, labor and one small profit (and I buy my
material ;n enormous quantities) .
Anybody can afford and might just as well have a high grade engine when he
can get in on a wholesale deal of this kind. I* m doing something that never was
done before. Think of it ! A price to you that is lower than dealers and
jobbers can buy similar engines for, in carload lots, for spot cash.
An engine that is made so good in the factory that I will send ^ _
ft out anywhere in the U. S. without an expert to any inexperienced
users, on 30 days’ free trial, to test against any engine made of yyST *’ **
similar horse-power that sells for twice as much, and let him M MM jo. ■■
be the judge. Sell your poorest horse end buy a yy VtGW WfllfOWrM jM 9
5-H.-P. Only $119.50
FA'
Biggest and Best
FREE BOOK
Write today for my beautiful new 50-page Engine Book in four
colors, nothing like it ever printed before, fuliof valuable information,
showing how I make them and how you can make more money with a
gasoline engine on the farm. Write me —
Wm. Galloway, Prom., Wm. Galloway Co.
BBS Galloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa
SUCCESS WITH AN AIR PRESSURE
WATER SYSTEM
I have had an air pressure water sys¬
tem with windmill pump on my place for
about three years. I have an eight-inch
tile well, 51 feet deep, with about 12 feet ,
of water in it, and the bottom cylinder, a
2% -inch cylinder, is within two feet of .
the bottom. At the top of the well there
is a 2 Mi -inch cylinder with an air-cock, so
that when the pet cock is open the extra
dimension at top provides for pumping air
along with the water. My tank is 3x10
feet, and supplies bathroom, toilet and
kitchen and furnace (with hot water
heater in kitchen). My mill is a 40-foot
tower with a 10-foot wheel and pumps in
a very light air with oiling once a week.
I have the weight set to shut off at about
60 pounds pressure and when it gets to
that pressure it will shut off even in a
gale. When sufficient water has been used
to reduce the pressure to say 30 pounds
or so, the vane begins to swing around
automatically and the mill begins to work.
It requires no attention and receives none
except once a week when I climb the tower
and oil the mill and look over the various
bolts and nuts to see that everything is
tight. My house was an eight-room farm¬
house, buit I changed four rooms to make
two large living rooms, and besides my
wife there are two children. I take a cold
bath every morning the year round and
another at night before retiring in Summer,
with a warm bath in Winter. The rest of
the family are equally foud of the water,
and we find the arrangement provides us
with an adequate supply. Since we have
had this system installed I use a hose to
water garden and trees and I think the
hose can be used for say an hour to an
hour and a half before the pressure be¬
comes too low. There have been two
periods of two or three days during the
time we have had the system where a con¬
tinued calm caused us to use up all the
pressure ; but my experience is that no
matter how calm the day may be, one
can generally depend upon at least a light
breeze between midnight and morning to
replace any pressure lost through use. The
rest of the time I have had more than
enough water. I pulled the pipes up once
to see why the mill didn’t pump and found
a small piece of stone caught in the bottom
valve, and although it wasn’t necessary I
took that opportunity to change the leathers
on the bottom cylinder. The system is
satisfactory and should I buy or build an¬
other house would use the same system —
with a windmill for a small house and a
gasoline engine if the house were a large
one. The only defect in connection with
the mill that could be improved upon is a
detail. All bolts and nuts sent with the
mill outfit should have square heads, and
not round flat heads, and should be sup¬
plied with washers, to provide against wear
of the wooden pumping rod, as without
washers the bolt is apt to wear a larger
hole than required for its passage, thus
making the wooden rod work loose. I
remedied this myself and it is all right.
The other defect which should be improved
is that the galvanized wire connecting the
pressure regulating weight with the vane-
control now passes through a small hole-
in the plate of the mill-head. Constant fric¬
tion will wear out this wire at that point
in from one to two years, requiring re¬
placement of the wire. Otherwise the wire
would last forever. Of course the above
items are of a minor character and do not
affect the usefulness of the mill, as they
are easily remedied. Charles l. cook.
Long Island.
Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees,
SHRUBS and ROSES,
SMALL FRUIT PLANTS
of all kinds from the famous Lake Shore re¬
gion of northern Ohio. Send for catalogue.
MAPLE BEND NDBSEET,
T. B. West. Lock Box 287, Perry, Ohio.
WHEELBARROW If JRSSJ LABOR
Sows evenly. No need \jr SEED
to wait for quiet day.
Sows Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Millet, Turnip, etc.
Two sizes: 14 ft. and 16 ft. Auger feed. Wood frame. Satis¬
faction guaranteed. Prompt shipment. If your dealer
does not handle the “STAR” write us for booklet.
STAR SEEDER CO., Box R, Shortsville. N. Y.
$53.50
BUY A NEW YORK STATE WAGON
DIRECT FROM FACTORY $45.00
If -you want the best made at the lowest
passible price. We build wagons for ser¬
vice— not merely to sell, We aretheonly
N. Y. State factory selling direct to user,
saving one-third of the costfer you.
Send for One on Approval.
... ,, . , , Safe delivery guaranteed — no deposit or . NIo , HunahouU spindle w-
Handy Wagon: Removable seats, references required. Our wagon can sell riding wHl last for wa
drop end gate, strong and dur- itself or there will be no sale. Write today defies c-ompetiti.
able. .Can’t be duplicated ^by fol. eatai0g of 200 styles and Wholesale Price 1
List.
any dealer for less than $75.
Rochester Vehicle Company,
defies
for $66
•at,
_ many
competition.
everywhere.
360 Alain St., Rochester, N. Y.
SPRAY
Auto-Sprays
FRUITS AND
FIELD CROPS
1 and do whitewashing in moet effectual, economical,
rapid way. Bati* faction guaranteed. BROWN’S
HAND OR
POWER _
No. 1, sh own here, is fitted with Auto-Pop Norrle—
' does work of 3 ordinary sprayers. .Endorsed by Ex-
,f periment Stations and 300,000 othsrs. 40 styles and
Bites of band and power sprayers— also prices
and valoabla spraying guide in our Free Book.
Write postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
28 H. X.
APPLES SCIONS
$3 per M for ROME BEAUTY,
JONATHAN and some others.
KNSEE, the most promising new winter
apple of high quality, $10.
Agents for Spraying Material.
Apples— $5.00 per barrel by carload.
U. T. COX, PRO CTORVIIXE , OHIO
Sec’y Rome Beauty Growers’ Association
Two Million
Strawberry Plants
Every one of them good honest plants
with an abundance of branching root! e t s.
Good big crowns. Free from disease
and in the most thrifty growing condition.
Guaranteed true to name and variety.
No other grower can produce anything
better. Our
Small Fruit Catalogue
contains 24 pages of matter devoted exclu¬
sively to Strawberries, Raspberries,
Blackberries, Gooseberries, Curranls
and Grapes. Gives good straightforward
and honest descriptions of the many varieties
we offer.
Write for free catalogue today. It.’s sure to
make and save you money. Don’t delay.
J. W. JONES & SON, Allen, Nld.
N. WERTHEIMER & SON WifKft
Choice seeds boughtdirect from the farmer and sold
direct to the farmer. We offer you the choicest
seeds, doubly recleaned. Medium and Mammoth
Clover Seed, AJsike, Alfalfa. Timothy, Crimson
Clover, White Clover, Red Top, Orchard Grass,
Blue Grass, Lawn Grass, all kinds of Corn, Spring
and Winter Wheat, Buckwheat, all kinds of Peas.
Samples and prices sent on application. ...
N. WERTHEIMER & SON LIGONIER. INDIANA
THAT 00 NOT DISAPPOINT
^ !■ !■ I I ^ Sold on The Ford Plan, which guar-
M ■ I I II M ■ antees satisfaction and saves you
WW ■■ ■■ MW money on every purchase. Our cat¬
alog tells about it, gives descriptions and low prices on
Boat varieties Garden, Flower and Field Seeds, Pota¬
toes, Bulbs, Trees, Shrubs and Small Fruit Plants. Con¬
tains lots of testimonials from our customers. It’s free.
FORD SEED CO., Dept. 24, Ravenna, Ohio.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT CROW
All Standard Varieties. Also RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY.
CURRANT and GRAPE Planta and ASPARAGUS Roots in
ASSORTMENT. WARRANTED TRUE-TO-NAME, and of
GRADE represented. Catalog with Cultural Instructions FREE.
C E. WHITTEN, BOX 1*1 , BRIDGMAN. MICHIGAN.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That’s what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. D. M. TEETER. Belleville, Ohio.
Most Everyone Has a Hobby.
Ours is propagating new varieties of strawberries.
After a thorough test and proved to be all-around
best of all, you hear us say something— otherwise
we bury them. Our catalogue for 1911 is brimful
of new ones, and conspicuously absent of varieties
that have been but cannot come back. Early, Mid-
Season and Late. We were the introducers of the
famous “Stevens’ Late Champion,” a book on
strawberry culture, with every catalogue all free
for the asking. • „ ,
J.T. GARRISON & SONS, Bridgeton, N. J.
^BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED CATALOG
{jl44 Large ^ages— Mailed Free
(About 34 Natural Size )
ESCHSCHOLTZIA THORBURNI
( California Poppy)
HARDY annual. Sow outdoors in Spring.
The grandest of all Eschscholtztas. The
unopened buds on outer side of petals
are of the deepest crimson, toning down on the
inner side to bright flame color and molten
gold. We will mail a packet of this valuable
novelty and a copy of our beautiful catalog
the best Seed annual published in America for
only IO cents, stamps or coin. (Regular
price of Seed, 15 cents packet.) Write today.
J. M. THORBURN & CO
DEPT. Y
33 BARCLAY ST„ NEW YORK
PLANTS
Our free book
quotes lowest
prices, honestly describes 60 varie¬
ties, explains C. O. D. plan, tells how
_ . to plant and grow strawberries, rasp¬
berries, blackberries, grapes, etc. . „ Tr
A. G. BLOUNT, Dept. A, Hastings, N. Y.
STRAWBERRY Plante. Send for free catalog. Large
stock Miller, best red raspberry, only $5 per 1000. Also,
eggs for hatching. Pure W. Wy. and B. P. R., 26 eggs
for $L2o. Slayslaker & Son, Wyoming, Del.
WHOLESALE PRICES
On Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry. Gooseberry,
Currant, Asparagus and Grape Plants, Heavy Rooteu,
High Grade Stock. IBtti Annual Catalogue Free.
Jl R. WESTON & CO, R. 8 Bridgman, Mick.
POTATOES— Caiman. Cobbler, Coin, Harvest, Hebron, Ohio,
queen, Longfellow, Kinp: 85 hinds. C. W. Ford, Fishers. N . Y.
Why Harris’ Seeds
are Surest and Best
Seed that grows — that gets right down to business and ,
makes good plants— is the only kind you can afford— and
it’s the kind you get when you order from us. Every strain of
our seed has a pedigTee— has made a record for years.
Nearly all of it is grown on our own farms ; we give it a
careful germination test, to prove just how much of it is
good. When we’ve found that out, we print it on a
special label appearing on each package, so that
You can always tell how much
of our seed will come up
Think of what that means 1 You
/jjyin1— <: pjVLV* ~1 can tell when you plant it, whether
- - - * to sow thick or light; you can get
just the stand you want without
resowing, without wasting any
seed, and, most important of all,
without wasting any time.
Our free Catalogue contains
valuable information about Gar¬
den, Field and Flower Seeds.
Write for it NOW.
JOSEPH HARRIS CO.
__ ... 1 Moroton Farm, Box 31
3°S yf 3> <*"&***. \ CO LOW AT E R , H . Y.
- A -
Van* -
191 1 -
1D7
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
THOSE NINE-DOLLAR JERSEY HENS.
How They Earn the Money.
Having spent a number of years on
the police force of New York, and al¬
ways feeling as though I was in the
wrong place, I was retired upon a pen¬
sion for disability. After hanging about
the city for a few months I came here
and took charge of this farm. It was
one of those “abandoned farms,” having
been without a tenant for eight years,
and almost any farmer can imagine the
state it was in. I took charge Novem¬
ber 1, 1906, and had 30 White Leghorn
hens to start with. I never saw an egg
for nearly three months and by that
time the price fell. About two weeks
after they began laying I began to see
signs of sickness, but the trouble was
something strange to me, and the more
I tried to cure the more sick ones I
had. I had purchased three turkeys and
thev were more dead than alive when
they arrived, which was just before I
noticed sickness among the liens. About
the same time my parents came- to live
with me, bringing about 100 liens of va¬
rious breeds, with 15 purebred White
\\ yandottes. It was a very short time
after their arrival before I had more
sick ones on hand.
We were then getting eggs, now and
then, and we set all that we thought fit
to set, using incubators. When the
chicks hatched numbers of them showed
signs of the same sickness. At last,
when discouraged and disgusted, I took
the ax and cut the heads off 55 old
hens in one day, and buried them;. then
I commenced on the chicks, and before
the season ended I killed more than 900
of them, nearly all we had. From that
time until the present I have immediately
killed every hen showing .signs of sick¬
ness, and to-day I think we have as
healthy a flock as can be found. Two of
the turkeys died and the other one looked
as though it would do the same only
for the trouble it would be. The whole
season was lost, as far as poultry was
concerned, but we started fresh the next
season and learned a “secret” of finding
the laying hens, and got busy with it at
once. Being a little skeptical I tried it
first without disposing of the stock. I
kept 45 tested hens picked from the whole
flock, leaving 75 which I picked from
as culls, but was somewhat afraid to
dispose of. For five straight months the
45 laid more eggs every day than the
75, and then I was convinced I had the
secret.
The greater number of other secrets
which are published in book form would
be found by anyone using everyday
sound sense. I think the farm. papersj
as well as newspapers, are responsible
for half the failures in the poultry busi¬
ness, as the stories and advertisements
they publish lead so many to think there
is little to do but pick up the eggs and
the dollars. Most of the beginners don't
figure on the’ necessity or the cost of a
henhouse and a thousand other things
needed to conduct a business of suffi¬
cient size to prove profitable. "It is a
wonderfully good business which pays 25
per cent on the investment, but the ma¬
jority of poultrymen or beginners in
that line expect more than 1,000 per cent,
as they will expend $300 or $350, some¬
time less, and expect enough profit from
the investment to support themselves
and family, beside putting a little aside
for that “rainy day.” No one can do
sufficient business to claim substantial
profit until such time as they invest at
least $1,000. The Corning Brothers
admit $20,000. The possibilities of the
poultry business are unknown, even
when one confines himself to the market
end, regardless of the prize end.
The only-real secret in the whole busi¬
ness is sound sense, and if that is lack¬
ing, the whole thing is gone. In my
mind the finding of a good market is
the principle concern and surely the
commission merchant, while he seems a
necessity under the present system of
distribution, is not the right way. The
proper way is to go direct to the con¬
sumer, which can be done with little
trouble, as one satisfied customer will
advertise you enough to tax your re¬
sources. In our case, we are simply
unable to raise enough eggs to supply
the trade which comes unsought. Here
is an instance: During my visit to New
York in December, 1910. while doing
business in one office I turned away or¬
ders enough to require 120 dozen per
week to supply, and that at an extra
good price. It must be admitted the
express company wants more than their
share, but we must submit to their
wishes until such time as the farmers
and city consumers get enough wisdom
to demand a parcels post, but until then
the consumer must pay all bills. While
send surplus stock to the commission
merchant I can’t say that I like to, and
I don’t know how to dispose of chickens
otherwise, unless one is near some mar¬
ket, but I am living in hope of seeing
co-operation among farmers and then
business can be done so the farmer gets
his share of the dollar.
Having put things in good running or¬
der, I made up my mind to improve our
stock. I purchased 300 “purebred White
Wyandotte eggs” for use in incubator,
and I paid all the seller asked, but never
expected so much for my money. We
hatched about 90 from the 300 eggs, but
they should be seen to be appreciated.
I could have established a new breed
with the chicks, as I am sure the Stand¬
ard does not mention anything like
them. You might call them spotted
Wyandotte Leghorns, as they resemble
one breed as much as the other, it merely
depended upon the angle of sight. I
may be peculiar, but really I would
have been as well satisfied if he had
sent the real thing I ordered. I kept
17 really nice ones, and the others went
to market. Taking the turkey deal and
the 300 egg deal I found I was doubting
the honesty of poultry dealers, and I
will leave you to judge if I had reason.
I have since declined to purchase any¬
thing in the line until I see it. and even
then you sometimes lose, and again do
better than either party thinks. Having
tried various henhouses and found them
lacking, my father and I put our heads
together and erected one on our own
plans, and found it fills every want.
While it may not be perfection, I think
it will be such with a few minor inter¬
nal fixings. I have invited criticisms
from every visitor, but in three years
have failed to hear of any. At any rate,
it has turned our attempts into sub¬
stantial profits, and that is the end
Sought. w. J. DOUGAN.
New Jersey.
Wuux you write advertisers mention The
It. X.-5 . and you'll get a quick reply and
‘•a square deal." See guarantee page 1G.
EASY CHANGE
When Coffee Is Doing Harm.
A lady writes from the land of cotton
of the results of a four years’ use of the
food beverage — hot Postum.
“Ever since I can remember we had
used coffee three times a day. It had a
more or less injurious effect upon us all,
and I myself suffered almost death from
indigestion and nervousness caused by
it.
“I know it was that, because when I
would leave it off for a few days I
would feel better. But it was hard to
give it up, even though I realized how
harmful it was to me.
“At last I found a perfectly easy way
to make the change. Four years ago I
abandoned the coffee habit and began to
drink Postum, and I also influenced the
rest of the family to do the same. Even
the children are allowed to drink it
freely as they do water. And it has
done us all great good.
“I no longer suffer from indigestion,
and my nerves are in admirable tone
since I began to use Postum. We never
use the old coffee any more.
".We appreciate Postum as a delight¬
ful and healthful beverage, which not
only invigorates but supplies the best of
nourishment as well.” Name given by
Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich.
Read “The Road to Wellville,” in
pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter ? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
Choicest Clover Seed we«»inthehearto(the
- - - clover district. Buying
direct from, the farmer and selling direct to you
gives you best quality, clean seed, and saves you
money. Also handle Alsike and Timothy. Sample
free Order now. O. M. SCOTT & SON, “Only
beeds-mostly clovers,” 10 Main St., Marysville, O.
Choose tested seed of blown vitality
and high yielding strain. Why take
chances when you can buy our Blue
Ribbon Seeds— all prize seeds— as
low or lower than others. Don’t
buy any seeds until you read our
new, valuable book
“The Gateway to
Success” - FREE
Crowded with information every
farmer and gardener needs. Explains
low prices, describes our complete
large stocks of fine Clovers and
Grass Seeds, Alfalfa, Seed Corn,
Oats, Cow Peas, Millet, Sorghum,
Rape, Soja Beans, Potatoes, Onion
Sets, etc., besides the finest Vege¬
table and Flower Seeds, Lawn
Grass. Write for free book and low
prices quick while stocks are
complete. We fill all orders the day
they are received and guarantee
seeds true to name and descriptions
WOOD, STUBBS & CO.,
L.ouisville, Ky.
Planet Jr.
[No. 81 1 Planet Jir
Horse-Hoe,Culti-
vator and Fur-
rower is a great j
implement for cul¬
tivating and hill¬
ing crops up to 4 J
feet apart. Com- 1
pact, .
's. strong, I
V and
steady-'
'running.
very farmer and gardener
who wants bigger and better crops
with less work should begin this spring
to use Planet Jr tools. Over a million
[successful tillers of the soil are now using
them. They cut down labor, save time, and do
more effective work besides. Fully guaranteed.
INo. 14 1 Planet J*
Double -Wheel
Di*c-Hoe, Culti¬
vator and Plow
has three adjustable
discs on each side,
pronged cultivator
teeth, and
steels for
plowing,
furrow¬
ing, and
cover ■
ing.
Write today
for the 56-page 1911 illustrated
Planet Jr catalogue — full of labor-
saving implements and their description Free and
postpaid, g L A||en & C<}
Bor. II07V
Philada Pa
Jf
Dibble’s Farm Seeds
Have given such excellent results since their introduction twenty years ago that now we
are considered the leading mail order, strictly Farm Seed firm of America. We do not
nave a single salesman on the road, pay no commissions or travelling expenses, and our
immense sales, aggregating several million pounds of Farm Seeds annually, are sold
direct from our 1600-acre Seed Farms through the United States mails.
BUY DIRECT
^ppfi PntatnPQ gl'°An in the cold north. 60,000 bushels, 31 varieties, all that is newest
and host, and every bushel, to the best- of our knowledge and belief,
, , . saved from fields that were free from blight and disease. Plant
healthy, vigorous seed and insure your crop. Seed Potatoes are comparatively cheap
this year. BUY NOW.
^PPfl flatQ Dibble’s Twentieth Century, a splendid variety that lias given us an aver-
age yield on our own farms, growing 150 to 200 acres per year of over twice
o -1 v-. x ,t*le average yield of the United States for the last six years. Use Dibble’s
Seed Oats and double your crops. Also a new Canadian Oat of value well worth trying.
VV e sell thoroughly recleaned Seed Oats as low as 65c. per bushel, bags free.
Qpprl finrn Four varieties that have been proven best by test on our own seed farms
UPPU UUIII ill field culture. Varieties that are especially adapted to the Middle and
Eastern States. We have five silos, grow 1,000 tons of corn for ensilage
annually, besides what we plant for husking, and know what we are talking about. Is
not our experience worth something to you V We offer in Mammoth Yellow Flint, Early
Yellow I)ent, improved Learning and Mammoth White Dent four varieties that are un¬
excelled, pedigree stock, germination high. Price as low as 50c. per acre for the seed.
Alfalfa, Clover and Grass Seeds, D. B. Brand, highest grade obtainable, and the
same as we use on our own Seed Farms.
SAVE MONEY
Now, then, we want you to know more about Dibble’s Farm Seeds, and we will send vou
absolutely FREE for the asking, Dibble’s Farm Seed Catalog for 1911; two little books
written by Mr. Dibble, entitled, “Dibble on the Potato” and “Dibble on Alfalfa.” and
liberal samples of Oats, Corn, Alfalfa, Clover and Grass Seeds for testing. Write us
right now. Address—
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
Another Sensation
By Henry Field
Certified Seed Corn
CAUSED a sensation when I first announced that I’d sell
seed com in thenar. Then I caused another big stir by
-aded seed corn. After that, I surprised them
all again, by hand-picking the seed corn
,to get out the off-color kernels. But
^here’s my 1911 sensation — the biggest and
best idea I’ve ever come across — certi¬
fied seed corn — every kernel of every ear
is full of life, vigor and vitality. I guar¬
antee that six kernels from each ear have
been tested for germination by my perfect
testing system and that every ear from which all six kernels did not sprout strongly—
has been discarded for feed. You know that this
100% Seed Corn Means Bigger Crops
A low estimate is $5.00 to $10
Let Me Help You
With Your Corn
I want to help you with
your corn if I can. Ask me
about cultivation, rotation
of crops and anything else
pertaining to corn and corn
growing.
My 1911 Bo.ok is Free
It’s a guide to good seeds
of every kind, Don’t place
an order for a penny’s
worth till you read my
book. Over 80 pages,
illustrated and
quotes prices
that prove
big
values.
00 more per acre. And just remember, there's no exti
work for you connected with this increase. I’ve re¬
lieved you of all worry about your seed corn. My
friends know me and they know I wouldn’t be con¬
nected with anything except what’s square. I’ve built
up one of the biggest seed houses in America by giving
bigvalue.by being honest and liberal in all my dealings.
My big trade depends on how I treat my customers,
That in itself is usually enough of a guarantee. But I
put it down in black and white. My 100% seed corn is
Tested and Guaranteed
You can get my 100% seed corn in any variety you
want — and you can depend that it’s the cream of this
great seed corn section. And you can have my 100%
seed corn in the ear or shelled and graded. Price the
same, and either way I’ll send you any quantity on
10 days approval. Then if you want your money back
— simply write me and I’ll refund your money.
Write Me For All Facts
My supply of this special stock of seed corn is
limited this year, but if you write me how much you’ll
want if it's satisfactory , I'll set that amount aside for a
few days. First come, first served
— so write me now. I’ll send you
samples free if you ask for them.
Of course I’ll also send you my
big 191 1 free seed book and I know
you’ll find lots of things in it to
interest you. Just write me that
postal now and send it by first mail.
Address it personally to me —
Henry Field, President
Henry Field
Seed Company,
Box. 26
Shenandoah,
f
Iowa
12«
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 4,
“BACK. TO THE LAND.”
No Drudgery on this Farm.
Foolish as it is for city people to at¬
tempt to draw a graphic picture of the
hard lot of the poor downtrodden
farmer talk whiningly of the drudgery
farmer takes up the same story. I feel
an inclination to battle when I hear a
fearmer talk whiningly of the drudgery
of the farm, as though that was all
there is connected with farm life. And
then to complain that the young folks
won't stay on the farm ! It makes me
feel much as though some one were
slandering a friend of mine. There is
drudgery anywhere, when work is done
grudgingly in a half-hearted manner.
We do not always get a square deal,
and when I can see a chance to place
a kick where it is likely to be effective
toward bettering our condition, I will
kick hard, but this kicking at our own
business does a lot of harm and no good.
I would like to tell of a young man
with whom I am very intimate, who
grew up on a farm with little love for
the business, and with no definite idea
as to what his own life’s work would
be. He married rather young and found
himself with the responsibilities of sup¬
porting a family, with no means and no
special training that would fit him for
any position above that of a day laborer.
Like many another farmer’s son, he
went to the city, only to find that city
life is not so gay as it looks from a
distance, and that city people have
troubles just as hard to bear as those
in the country.
About this time he met a man who
is an enthusiastic farmer and a cham¬
pion of intensive culture. From this
man he gradually acquired much infor¬
mation, faith and enthusiasm, and finally
decided to take up farming as his life’s
work. He worked and saved with this
in mind for several years. Then we
find him with a capital of $1150 and a
determination to make a start for him¬
self. He bought 10 acres of land with
buildings on for $1200. The house was
fairly good, but the other buildings were
very poor, and the place had been al¬
lowed to go to rack generally. The
water from one side of the house roof
ran back under the porch and down cel¬
lar. The surface water ran into the
well until it was unfit to use; the yard
was full of rubbish, what fences there
were were in the most dilapidated con¬
dition possible and the kitchen garden
was the only spot on the place that
would produce a good crop as it was.
There was not an acre in any one piece
that did not need ditching, and much of
it was practically useless without it. A
tough-looking proposition for a man
with all his money invested in the real
estate, $50 in debt and no outfit to begin
operations with? Yes, but there was to
be no drudgery here.
He took hold of this job with some¬
thing of the spirit of the contest, fully
realizing that there were mountains of
hard work and not a few obstacles
ahead, and that he was not well fitted
himself for this kind of work. He
proposed to transform this place into a
pleasant, comfortable home, and to make
the land both productive and profitable.
It was a big game, but the object was
worth the effort, and he was going in to
win. His plan was to begin market gar¬
dening and gradually work into the
berry business, or combine the two. This
was in the Spring of 1906, the fourth of
May when he took possession. It re¬
quired two weeks of hard work to get
the house and surroundings in some¬
thing of a respectable and sanitary con¬
dition. One of the first things done was
to gather up about four bushels of
broken whisky jugs and bottles, a tem¬
perance sermon in itself after looking
over the place. It was now too late to
think of ditching, or of any very ex¬
tensive farm operations this year. He
planted the kitchen garden, two acres of
potatoes, a few strawberries and other
things, but the important thing was to
get the place in better condition for
next year. The difficulty was to find
time to do it and at the same time
make a living for the family. He worked
for the neighbors, took care of his
crops the best he could, and did some
work toward next year’s crops. An
extremely wet spell in August ruined the
best of the potatoes and some other
things, and showed him more forcibly
the need of drainage. The income from
the place that season was very small
indeed. The next year, 1907, it will
be remembered was a very hard year
for farmers everywhere. The total in¬
come from his farm was $350. The
Winter was spent as the previous one
had been, in ditching, hauling manure
from town and working by the day to
keep down expenses. Since then there
has been, a gradual improvement all
around.
Last Summer the returns from the
place were $735, and he had all his own
butter, eggs, vegetables, fruit and meat
enough for the Winter. Then he earned
enough last year by outside work in the
Winter to pay all cash expense of run¬
ning the place. Better than the increase
in the cash returns is the fact that the
place is becoming more productive every
year, and best of all, the manager is
becoming more capable and efficient in
his work, and he expects to keep on
improving both himself and the farm.
He has never said anything about drud¬
gery. Although he has been fighting
his way up under difficulties, he has
enjoyed it immensely. Many times he
has gone to his bed so tired that he
could not lie flat enough, but feeling as
though he would like to spread out all
over the bed until he would hang out
over both edges ; then waken in the
morning and jump up like the boys go¬
ing off to a big ball game, can hardly
get the fire started and his bit of chores
done quick enough to get out and at it
again. He has two inducements to
work, the necessity of providing for his
family, and the fun of the thing, and
we might say he is getting double pay.
He knows what it is to experience thrills
of pleasure over the success of some dif¬
ficult undertaking on the farm, just as
keen as any he ever knew on the ball
field, and he was something of a ball
player, too. He wants nobody’s sym¬
pathy because he is a farmer, he is proud
of the fact. I do not consider this any
great or startling success ; in fact he is
just getting started, but if lie keeps on
improving and enjoys his work in pro¬
portion he will certainly have a jolly
good time after awhile. Suppose we
consider a doctor, a lawyer or some
others whom farmers are envying for
their position, in this man’s place, with
only a common school education, a gen¬
eral knowledge of the work in which
he intends to engage, and what he can
pick up by promiscuous reading, mostly
after a hard day’s work, and started
under difficulties, would we expect any
great success? At our high school last
year several farmers’ sons graduated.
One is now studying for a civil en¬
gineer, one for a mechanical draughts¬
man, another for an electrician, etc. Not
one, as far as I know, intends to re¬
main on the farm. It looks as though
our farmers of the future would be
those who drop their educational work
with the district school and work around
the neighborhood until they get married
and settle down. When it becomes
more common for farmers to give their
best young men a few years’ training
along agricultural lines, and then keep
them on the farm, we shall hear less of
drudgery and the poor downtrodden
farmer. B. v. e.
Sharon, Pa.
Oats and Peas and Alfalfa. — On page
55 W. E. C. proposes to sow Alfalfa after
oats and peas, about August 15. I should
advise him not to. I did so last August
and the oats came out so thick as to
smother the Alfalfa out. Better sow on cul¬
tivated ground kept free from weeds up to
August 10-15. I have a good stand by this
method. h. l. h.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
R. N.-Y.— It might be better if the oats
and peas are cut very early for hay — be¬
fore they go to seed.
This is a grain and fruit country, mostly
corn, oats, rye and buckwheat. Corn is
selling for 65 to 70 cents retail a bushel;
oats, 40 to 50 cents ; buckwheat, 50 to 60
cents ; buckwheat flour, $2.25 to $2.50 ;
hay, $12 to $15 ; rye straw, $8 to $9 ; rye,
70 to 80 cents a bushel; milk, five to
seven cents a quart; butter, 26 to 30 cents
a pound ; eggs, 30 to 40 cents a dozen ;
apples, from $2.50 to $3.50 per barrel, and
most of the farmers have got rid of their
fruit around here. A. v.
Midway, N. Y.
Early potatoes were good, but late ones
suffered from blight and dry weather. A
good many farmers in our vicinity failed
to get the late crop dug. They can be
bought for 60 to 75 cents per bushel. Corn
also was poor. Many crops were less than
two-thirds owing to the drought ; price off
the car 31 and 35 cents. Oats and wheat
were good, as they were harvested or at¬
tained their growth before the drought
came on. Wheat, 90 cents ; oats, 45 cents.
Hay was fairly good ; in some places good.
It will bring now anywhere from $17 to
$18 per ton. We have marketed our but¬
ter all Winter to our regular customers in
town (New Castle) for 38 cents per pound.
Eggs, strictly fresh, command 40 and 45
cents. The price of poultry has been fair ;
turkeys are not to be had here now ; the
dealers offered us 25 cents dressed just be¬
fore Christmas. Calves ready for veal are
12% cents dressed; beef, 9% to 10 cents.
Pork can be purchased for 10 and 10% cents
dressed ; lard, 20 cents. Choice apples will
bring from $2 up. H. J. C.
New Castle, Pa.
OULDS
Don’t cro to the well — be up to date and
pump the water to your house and barn.
Goulds Reliable Pumps
bring to the farm one real
advantage of the city — water
where it is needed. From
our complete line we can
meet any requirement from
the cistern pump to the large
power pump for general
water supply, including
lift and force pumps,
thresher pumps,
hydraulic rams, pneu¬
matic water supply
pumps, rotary, centri¬
fugal and irrigation
pumps.
The name Goulds on
every one marks the genu¬
ine. Don’t buy any pump
until you ha-ve read our
free booklet —
“Water Supply for the Home
We want you to select the pump best adapted to your conditions.1
This book is a mine of valuable information on the subject. Send for it.
The Goulds Mfg. Company, Seneca Falls, N. Y.
Noll’s Tested Seeds
EACH YEAR OUR BUSINESS 9R0WS-S0 DO OUR SEEDS.
A TRIAL MAKES YOU A PERMANENT CUSTOMER.
SPECIAL OFFER— PRIZE COLLECTION
12 named New Special Varieties Sweet Peas.
Special colors. Will please most critical. Worth
separately 00c. Send only 30 CENTS to cover
postage and packing and receive SEEDS POSTPAID,
together with beautiful 112-page GARDEN and
FLOWER BOOK (250 Illustrations) Free.
J. F. NOLL, 112 MULBERRY STREET, NEWARK, N. J..
it
CORN TALK
99
How to produce a maximum crop at a mini¬
mum cost. A valuable treatise on the modern
methods in Corn Culture. Many new sugges¬
tions invaluable to Corn raisers, in this my
revised treatise. It tells how to produce 100
bushels shelled corn per acre without fertilizer
or manure, and at the same time increase the
productiveness of your land. Highest compli¬
ments upon the merits of this book received
from the Agricultural Colleges from a number
of States. FREE. A postal card will bring it.
W. OSCAR COLLIER, Corn Specialist
Easton, Maryland
"See BEST NEWand STANDARD
of STRAWBERRY PLANTS at reasonable
prices send at onoe for my free, large, Illustrated
catalogue. Eggs from PRIZE-WINNING R. 1.
lteds at Washington, Philadelphia and other large
shows — cheap, and I Guarantee Satisfaction.
W. S. TODD, Greenwood, Del.
of the Best Varieties
Descriptive Catalogue
Strawberry Plants _
Free. BASIL. PERRY, D. 18, Cool Spring, Del.
PLANTS FOR SALE— All varieties of Early and Date
Vegetable Plants; also forty varieties Straw¬
berries; prices right; established twenty years.
Price list free. S. C. ATHERTON, Green wood, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1.50 & $1.75 per 1000. Illus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIRDXN, Hanly, Del.
THAT YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
breaks all records. Nothing like it.
Also SEED CORN. Samples and cat-
THEO. BURT & SONS, MELROSE, OHIO,
OATS
alog free.
B
EST SEED POTATOES SL.
A. 0. ALDRIDGE, Fisher’s, Ontario County, N. Y.
FOR SALE— A1 Imported Clydesdale Oats, $1.00 per
bush. CHARLES SUMMERTON, Sheridan, N.Y.
mm NEWSEEDOATS. Bigraonej
M in right kind of oats. Here’*
■ BK H your chance. 1 mported Canadian
H R II ■ seed oats, raised on Galloway
■ H Brothers’ big iartn in Canada.
SflFS ■ New, clean land. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre ; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought this seed from us last year raised as high as 7S to 100
bushels fn this country, and found out their old seed was inbred
and run out. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed,
pend for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. Will also send
our free booklet, entitled “Big Money in Oats and How to Grow
Them.” Galloway Bros.-Bowman Company
662 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa
n/vai|> c Many large yielding
Pill Mm I Ut3 and choicest early van.
■ V ■ I' ■ etlt’S. Ohio Wonder,
the new main crop variety which will supersedethe Car.
man; pure white, big yielder. Our catalog, sent free,
tells about it and al 1 other seeds, plants and trees. Get it.
FORD KKED CO., Dept. 24 Ravenna, Ohio,
/"X A 'T' O New Victory or Rainy Weather
V/ A 1 O Oats, extra heavy yielders, storm
resisting, and best for low bottom land. Price 75c;
sack free. Cow Horn Turnip, 25c per pound.
SIEGEL the SEEDSMAN, ERIE, PA.
Pedigree Seed Potatoes
Clyde, white, excellent quality, high yielding
strain, bred true to type. 400 bush, per acre on my
farm. Price, $3.50 per bbl. sack, 165 lbs. net.
W. Li. HANNAH, Brunswick, Me.
Peach and Apple Trees
For fall or spring planting. Prices right; stock
light. MYER & SON, Bridgeville, Del.
McKAV’S Peach Trees
McHAY’S Dwarf Apple Trees
McHAV’S Acre Cherry Orchard, $15
MchAY’S Rose Bushes on their own roots
McKAY’S Fertilizer Chemicals
McKAY’S Agricultural Lime, $3 perton
McKAY’S Catalogue tells about them — and more
L. McKay, Geneva. N. Y.
Bex F
SALESMEN WANTED
for terms.
Commis-
_ „ . Write
PERRY NURS-
T0 SELL TREES AND PLANTS ERIES, Rochester, N. Y,
Hardy Highland Nursery Stock
Acclimated to Northern climate. Always true to
label. No scale ever found in our Nursery. Send
forcatalog. L.M. EMPIE, Box A, Johnstown, N.Y.
i— 150 ACRES. Genesee Valley
grown. “Not the cheapest, but
the best.’’ Never have had San
Jose Scale. Established 1869.
oA-TAfAr cd;c geo. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
CATALOG FREE 20 Maple St., Dansville, N. Y.
TREES
Fruit Tries From tire Grower.
Save middlemen's expense and get them
fresh dug. Catalog free.
WM. J. REILLY, NURSERYMAN, DANSVILLE. N. Y.
850,000
GRAPEVINES
69 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best Root¬
ed Stock, Gcuuine, cheap, 2 sample vine* mailed for 10c. Peso,
price-list free. LK>VIS ROESCH A SOX. Box K, Kredonla, X. Y,
GATALPA
CDCPinCA TDCCQ Mine are true to name.
01 tulUCA I IlLLu Free booklet tells all
about the 150 acres I am growing for telephone
poles. H. C. ROGERS, Box 1 11, Mechanicsburo, 0.
1911.
ise
A Light Running
Hay Loader
BOOKLET FREE
The fact that the GEARLESS HAY
LOADER has no gears, no chains, no sprock¬
ets to grind and consume power, makes it the
lightest draft loader on the market.
Another easy running feature— the GEAR¬
LESS does not drag on iron shoes as other
loaders do, but runs on iron wheels.
Point for point— simplicity of construction,
small cost of operating (but one man re¬
quired), small expense for repairs, lightness
of draft, durability, and from everv other
point of view— the GEARLESS stands in a
class by itself.
That is the reason why farmers everywhere
are discarding loaders with gears and replac¬
ing them with the GEARLESS.
Our Free Illustrated Booklet is yours for the
asking. Write for it today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL.
EMPIRE FENCE
.Get the genuine EMPIRE big
x wire fence, direct, at wholesale.
\Save dealer’s proilts.
Big Factory, Big
Sales, 23 Styles
, traveling salesmen, small
expense, prices low. Every-
— -J guaranteed. Free samples by
mall. Prices of leading styles freight pre¬
paid to all points north of the Ohio and
• - east of the Mississippi River
Wires Inches high Medium Weight Extra heavy (all No.9)
9 39 83c per rod 37c per rod
10 47 86e per rod 41c per rod
12 65 82c per rod 49e per rod
Special rates beyond this territory.
BOND STEEL POST CO., 23 E. Maunee St., Adrian, Mich.
Heaviest Fence Made
Heaviest Galvanizing
We make 160 styles. Horse
cattle, sheep, hog, and bull
proof fences made of No. 9
double galvanized wires
and absolutely rust proof
Bargain Prices:
14 cents per Rod Up
Poultry and Rabbit Proof
Fences, Lawn Fences and
Gates. Send for Catalog
and Free sample for test.
The Brown Fence & Wire Co*
Dept« 59 Cleveland, Ohio
3S2Q5
rr,
'Muff** >
LAWN FENCE
Many designs. Cheap as
wood. 38 pace Catalogue
free. Special Prices to
Churches and Cemeteries.
^Coiled Spring Fence Co.
Box 314 Winchester. Ind.
Cents a Rod
For 18-In. 14 3-4e for 22-In. Hog
Fence; loe for 26-inch; 18 8-4e
for 32-inch; 25e for a 47-inch
Farm Fence. 48-inch Poultry
fence 28 l-2e. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
FENCE
Madeof High Carbon Double Strength
Coiled Wire. Heavily Galvanized to
prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at
factory prices on 30 days’ free trial.
We pay all freight. 37 heights of farm
and poultry fence. Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 263 Winchester, Indiana.
48 IN.Ff?ocaE 25c
Best high carbon coiled steel
wire. Easy to stretch over
hills and hollows. FREE
Catalog — fences, tools. Buy
from factory at wholesale
prices. Write today to Box 67
MASON FENCE CO., LEESBURG, O.
’S ARMY AUCTION BARGAINS
11/1.00 SET ARMY POLE HARNESS $91 .85
*A^SetArayl4»dTttmHanitts$17.95^1=
Army Saddles $3.00 up
ArmyShelterTenls 1.00 up
, ArmyUnif’ms,Dewl.25up,
i 7-Shol Ride Carbine 3.50
1 OldSide- Ann Pistols. 50 up
Side-Arm Sword .35 up
ISEND POSTAL TO- DAY j
TOR FREE CIRCULAR!
LargeBt stock Government Auction Bargains in the world. 16
acres required for ita storage. 364-page catalogue, over 4.000
ill nitrations of army and navy auction goods. Regular Military
Encyclopedia. Mailed for 15 centa fatampa).
CANNONS, FLAGS. PISTOLS, RIFLES, 81’EARS, DRUMS, Ete.
FRANCIS BANNERMAN, 501 Broadway, N. Y»
THE RURAL
INCOME FROM AN “ORDINARY FARM."
As you have several times requested
reports from common everyday farmers
on ordinary farms, I herewith give re¬
sults from dairy on Hill Crest Farm for
the year 1910. As the name indicates it
is on the crest of a hill, the highest
point on the farm being at an elevation
of 1,775 feet, and the lowest perhaps
100 feet less. The farm consists of 80
acres, of which about 15 is timber, leav¬
ing about 65 for pastures, meadow and
other crops. Stock at present consists
of 10 cows, Jerseys and grade Jerseys,
one Jersey bull, one yearling heifer, three
young calves, three horses, one hog, a
brood sow, and about 100 head of poul¬
try. The working force is a man 64
years of age, his wife, 58, and a boy of
16. No labor is hired except grain drill
one day, binder one day, corn harvester
and silage cutter, a day or two, and
thrashing machine about one day.
As to results, we get none to boast of,
quite a number of our neighbors having
very much larger incomes than we. From
our cows we make butter for regular
customers whom we supply throughout
the year. Skim-milk is fed to calves,
hogs and poultry, giving cows credit for
receipts from calves and hogs, but credit
them nothing from poultry, as it is not
possible accurately to estimate how
much if any of the income from fowls
is due to the milk. From January 1
to October 1, 1910, we had eight cows,
and from October 1 to December 31, 10
cows. All freshened during the Winter
and Spring, and all were dry some por¬
tion of the year. We made 2,703 pounds
of butter, of which 2,557 pounds were
sold at an average of 33 cents and a
fraction per pound, or a total of $849.62.
In the family were used 146 pounds,
valued at $48.60, making a total value
of butter $898.22, an average of $105.66
per cow for butter alone. For butter¬
milk sold $5.10 was received; for calves,
$19 ; for calf skin, $1 ; five weeks old
pigs, $30; pork sold, $124.23; butter
sold and used, $898.22, making the total
gross income from cows, $1,077.55; calf
on hand worth $15. Total $1,092.55.
Bought feed during the year to the
amount of $443.64, which was fed to
cows, horses, poultry and hogs, and a
portion of the time, cows, hogs and liens
were fed from the same bin, hence can¬
not give exact cost for each, though the
following is very nearly a correct divi¬
sion, viz., cows, $272; horses, $76; fowls,
$75.64 ; hogs, $20, or a total of $292 cost
for cows and hogs to be deducted from
the gross amount, $1,092.55; less $292,
leaves $S00.55 net (from cows for home¬
grown pasture, hay and silage. The
gross income per cow was $128.54, net
$94.18; after deducting feed purchased.
As stated previously no account is made
of skim-milk fed to poultry, neither is
any account made of milk and cream
used in family. Sales from poultry and
other small items brought our total gross
income up to $1,475.56, which, consid¬
ering all the circumstances, is fairly sat¬
isfactory, yet after paying bills and mak¬
ing some improvements on buildings, a
new silo, etc., none of it is left. It
simply shows that an old man can make
a living on a small farm, and a young
man certainly should do better if he has
the staying qualities.
Otsego, N. Y. chas. bennington.
R. N.-Y. — Thus it appears that Mr.
Bennington, his wife and son get their
board and wages from the farm — the
wages being consumed by taxes, im¬
provements and necessities.
Killing Out “Dog Grass.”
IT. L. C., Rock, Mass. — IIow can I get
clear of what we call dog grass in this
sections? It is the grass that has the white-
jointed root sharp as a needle, and we seem
to be unable, to get rid of it. I have, about
three acres in two-year-old peach trees where
this grass bothers the life out of me. It
has got the best of me for two years in
hoed crops, and if I sod it for a year
I think it would kill everything else out!
Ans. — This is the same as witch,
twitch or couch grass. It can only be
killed by preventing any growth above
ground and ripping out the roots so
they will be exposed to sun and air.
The grass propagates both from seeds
and from underground roots. In the
West fields of this grass have been killed
out by pasturing closely with sheep.
The field is overstocked, so the sheep
must be fed some grain. They nibble
down every blade of grass and pack
the soil hard. The grass is sometimes
smothered out by sowing a very thick
crop of buckwheat. The usual plan is
to work the field all through the season
with some tearing or ripping tool like a
disk or spring-tooth harrow. This tears
up and exposes the roots, and if kept
up thoroughly will kill out the grass.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
a square deal.” See guarantee page* 16.
INSIDE HISTORY
Some Self-Explanatory Letters.
Battle Creek, Mich., Jan. 7, ’ll.
Dr. E. H. Pratt,
Suite 1202, 100 State St.,
My Dear Doctor: Chicag°. Illinois.
“Owing to some disagreement with
• magazine several years ago they
have become quite vituperative, and of
late have publicly charged me with
falsehoods _ in my statements that we
have genuine testimonial letters.
‘It has been our rule to refrain from
publishing the names either of laymen
or physicians who have written to us
in a complimentary way, and we have
declined to accede to the demaud of at¬
torneys that we turn these letters over
to them.
"I am asking a few men whom I deem
to he friends to permit me to reproduce
some .of their letters over their signa¬
tures in order to refute the falsehoods.
“VVe have hundreds of letters from
physicians, but I esteem the one that you
wrote to me in 1906 among the very
best particularly in view of the fact that
it recognizes the work I have been try¬
ing to do partly through the little book.
The Road to Wellville.’
“I do not sell or attempt to sell the
higher thought which is more important
than the kind of food, but I have taken
considerable pains to extend to human¬
ity such facts as may have come to me
on this subject.
In order that your mind may be re¬
freshed I am herewith enclosing a copy
of your good letter, also a copy of the
little book, and if you will give me the
privilege of printing this over your sig¬
nature I will accompany the printing
with an explanation as to why you per¬
mitted its use in publication in order to
refute falsehoods, and under that method
of treatment I feel, so far as I know, there
would be no breach of the code of ethics.
“I trust this winter weather is finding
you well, contented and enjoying the
fruits that are yours by right.
With all best wishes, I am,”
Yours very truly, C. W. Post.
D;.. Pratt, who is one of the most
prominent and skillful surgeons in
America, very kindly granted our re¬
quest in the cause of truth and justice.
„ Chicago, Aug. 31, 1906.
Mr. C. W. Post, •
Battle Creek, Mich.
My Dear Sir : —
“I write to express my. personal appre¬
ciation of one of your business methods,
that of accompanying each package of
your Grape-Nuts production with that
little booklet ‘The Road to Wellville.’ A
more appropriate, clear headed and ef¬
fective presentation of health-giving auto¬
suggestions could scarcely be penned.
“Grape-Nuts is a good food in itself,
but the food contained in this little arti¬
cle is still better stuff. I commend the
piactice because I know that the greed
and strenuousness, the consequent graft
and other types of thievery and mali¬
cious mischief generally can never be
cured by legislative action.
“The only hope for the betterment of
the race rests in individual soul culture.
In taking a step in this direction,
your process has been so original and
unique that it must set a pace for other
concerns until finally the whole country
gets, flavored with genuine, practical
Christianity.
I . shall do all that lies in my power to
aid in the appreciation of Grape-Nuts,
not so much for the sake of the food it¬
self as for the accompanying suggestions.
“Visiting Battle Creek the other day
with a friend, Dr. Kelly of Evanston,
Illinois, while I was consulting with
Mr. Gregory, my friend visited your fac¬
tories and came away greatly amazed,
not only at the luxurious furnishings’ of
the offices generally and the general
equipment of the place, but with the
sweet spirit of courtesy and kindness
that seemed to fill the air with a spir¬
itual ozone that was good to breathe.
“The principles expressed in the little
booklet, The Road to Wellville,’ I well
know are practical and they work in busi¬
ness of all kinds, including sanitariums,
as((w’d I>e fairly tested before time is done.
“I know you will not regard this letter
of appreciation as an intruding one. It
is simply the salutation of good fellow¬
ship to you from a man who, although
lie has never seen you, feels drawn to
you by the kinship of thought.
“The only thing that makes a man
live forever in the hearts of his country¬
men and his race is the good that he
does. Your position in this respect is
an enviable one and I wish to extend
my congratulations.”
Yours respectfully, E. H. Pratt.
t Yes!
mm
£
m
Will Save You
$2522 to $7522
or No Sale —
according to kind
and style of Buggy
you need. This
he guarantees —
and asks you to let
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by sending you his
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— that he wrote
himself — showing
with big photo¬
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a buggy — how it
should be made —
what it should he
made of — and
Phelps Knows.
_ „ Here is the
i«e?A i-i
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Don’t
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If you took all the Buggies
found in 25 big stores — and
put them all together —
you wouldn’t have as many
styles and kinds to choose
from as are shown in this
Big Show Room Book of
Phelps’ — over 125 styles
of Auto Seat Buggies —
Runabouts — Surreys —
Driving Carts — Carriages —
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Genuine Split Hickories —
sold on 30 Days’ Free
Road Test — 2 Years’ Guar¬
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Write today — while this
advertisement is before you.
Just say on a postal card — •
“Phelps, I want the Book’*
— and he’ll do the rest.
Address
H. C. PHELPS. President,
THE
OHIO CARRIAGE
MFG. COMPANY.
Station 290,
Columbus,
Ohio.
Largest
Factory In
the World
Selling
V chicles
Direct
HYDRATED LIME
in paper sacks, car-lots, for $7.50 per ton. Lima
Screenings in bulk, from best grade of burnt lime,
$5.00 per ton, f.o. b. ears any point between Buffalo
and New York on the main lines of the N. Y. Cen¬
tral, Erie, D., L. & W., Penna., Lehigh, N. Y., O. &
W. and 0. R. R. of N. J. Order early before the
great demand sets in and delays shipments.
Address J. W. BALLARD CO.. : : BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
LAWN (FENCE
Many Styles. Sold on trial at
wholesale prices. Save 2 0
to 30 per cent. Illustrated
Catalogue free. Write today.
KITSELMAN BROS.
Box 440 Muncie, Indian.
FROST
WIRE FENCES
I STRENGTH, SERVICE and SATISFACTION
I woven in every rod of our fence,
o D We corabine test grade of material
““ i with expert workmanship. Most last-
I ins fence made. Free catalog upon
request. Ask yonr dealer
' THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
DCPC H _ Cl.KVKLAN O, O.
130
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
February 4,
ORCHARD HEATERS IN MARYLAND.
The peach industry is being revived, and
largo planting are being made in several
parts of the State. To insure a crop, so
far as late Spring frosts are concerned, the
practice of orchard heating must be adopted.
In order to gain experience along this line
some experimental work was started last
Spring Sn the orchards of the Experiment
Station and Mr. A. L. Towson of Wash¬
ington County. Both oil and coal heaters
were used, so as to get at a comparison of
the .two kinds of fuel. Fortunately for
the peach crop, the temperature did not go
low enough near the experimental plots
to injure the fruit blossoms, and in fact at
Mr. Tow son's it was not necessary to start
fires in the heaters at all. At the Experi¬
ment Station the temperature approached
the danger point three times, and the fires
were started with excellent experience-
results.
The results were in favor of crude or
fuel oil for fuel, because the oil heaters
are easily filled, quickly lighted, give off
the maximum amount of heat immediately
and can be instantly extinguished. The
coal heaters are more difficult to fill and
light, burn slowly and may throw out only
a little heat, and cannot be extinguished
without dumping out the fuel. Three types
of oil heaters were used, the Troutman
heater ; sheet iron locally-made heaters
holding about two gallons ; and sheet iron
paint kegs. For the latter a large piece of
roofing slate was used as a cover to keep
out rain and to extinguish the fire. From
our experience, the paint kegs and locally-
made heater^ are entirely' satisfactory. A
good serviceable size is nine inches in di¬
ameter and 11 inches high, holding three
gallons. This size burns about one quart of
crude or fuel oil per hour, and from 80
to 90 heaters are required per acre. The
difference in price between crude and fuel
oil will determine the one to use ; they are
apparently equally effective. In our work
100 heaters per acre were used, and when
the outside temperature was 30 degrees
above zero the oil heated area was 40 de¬
grees, and the coal heated area was 36
degrees above zero. c. p. chase?
Maryland. State Horticulturist.
CROP NOTES.
The potato crop in this township is about
an average yield, about 100 bushels per
acre. There are none raised for shipping
here. The local market demands all raised
here ; prices are 45 to 50 cents. Corn, about
half crop, with half in the field yet. Hay,
fair crop, bringing $18 on the market; wheat
not as good as last year; 15 to 25 bushels
per acre. Oats would have been a bumper
crop if they could have stood up, but it was
impossible to harvest them ; price 36 cents
at feed store. M. H. t.
Akron, Ohio.
All this month to date (January 16) has
been unfavorable for farm work. Rains and
fogs very general. Much sickness prevail¬
ing. Wheat not faring so well since snow
went off. Some hogs yet unsold and own¬
ers losing money on them because of de¬
cline in markets and heavy feeding now to
them in condition. Public sales getting
numerous, abov one a day in this section,
corn not moving on account of low price.
Farmers are ready and anxious for work
to open. Hogs plentiful, cattle scarce.
Horses in demand. Business fair. Farm¬
ers are watching legislative and Congress¬
ional matters closely, and they mean busi¬
ness in the future. Parcels post w a prom¬
ised us, but chances are slim. j. h. h.
Carroll Co., Ind.
Weather fairly cold with no sleighing to
date (January 12). Stock wintering well
and the farmers well supplied with feed.
Some complained of a scarcity of water
in wells, and streams low. Good demand
for farms, with some yet in the market at
a price about equal to what buildings are
worth. It seems strange that land in
the Far West or in the Northwest, many
miles from markets, should sell for more
per acre, than land in a section like this,
where buildings are good, lawns beautified
with maple or elm trees, lands fenced, and
supplied with wells, springs or streams of
water, numerous fruit trees in bearing, New
York and all Eastern markets easily reached
by several different lines of railroads and
the Hudson River as well. Good gravel
roads, with State roads as well, rural de¬
delivery routes in every direction, and one
or two telephone lines passing nearly every
door. Good soil, good climate, and good
roads, with electric and steam railroads
in plenty, and yet farms are for sale and
cheap, and mainly because the owners have
grown old, and so frequently have no chil¬
dren to take their place on the home farm.
In a radius of three miles from a neighbor¬
ing village, 18 farms have been sold within
the past few months, and I do not call to
mind a single one that has been sold
under foreclosure of mortgage within the
last several years. Rye, 80 cents per
bushel; hay, $15*, eggs, 42 cents; butter,
35 cents ; milk, $2.05 per hundred pounds.
Columbia Co., N. Y. a. s.
An Apple Country. — On page 7. under
the heading of “ A Study of Soils,” I note
remarks and questions of E. P., Windsor,
Conn., and your reply, in connection with
which first let me say that I have no land
for sale, nor am I personally interested in
the sale of any lands in the section. It is
a well-known fact, however, that we pro¬
duce iu the valleys of the Tacdnic range
of mountains (which is practically a con¬
tinuation, or an offshoot, of the Berk-
shires) a number of varieties of apples
which command the highest market prices
by reason of their exceptional keeping
qualities ; in fact, three to four years out
of five, the majority of the apple crop of
this section is shipped to the Middle West.
On the hillsides of the abandoned and ill-
kept farms in this section are thousands
of healthy, wild apple trees which, with
proper pruning, budding and grafting, could
be made very profitable, aside from planting
new trees upon soil which evidently is
most excellent for the growing of apples.
E. P. should take a trip through this
beautiful country before locating his fruit
farm. a. C.
Berlin, N. Y.
SPRAYERS- FREE TRIAL
KO • MONET • IN - ADVANCE — NO
BANK DEPOSIT — PAT AFTER IT
HAS PAID FOR ITSELF
Te,T US SEND YOU ANY or THESE SPRAYERS— to try for 10 days,
then if you buy, you can pay us cash or we’ll wait till you sell your crop, then
you can pay us out of the “extra profit.” We pay freight. Wholesale dealers* prices.
Hai-Povtr Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
Sprays “anything” — potatoes or truck. 4 rows at a
time. Also first-class tree sprayer. Vapor spray pre¬
vents blight, bugs, scab and rot from cutting your crop
in ha\f. High pressure from big wheel. Pushes easy.
Spray arms adjust to any width or height of row. Cheap
in price, light, strong and durable. CUAKAXTEEDfOR
FIVE FULI. TEARS. Needn’t-send-a-cent to get it “on
trial." You can get one free if you are first in your locality.
Write today.
Horae-I’ovrer Potato and Orchard Sprayar.
For hig growers. Most powerful machine made. 60 to
100 gallon tank for one or two horses. Steel axle. One-
piece-heavy-angle-iron frame, cypress wood tank with
odj Datable round iron hoops. Metal wheels. “Adjust¬
able” spray arms and nozzles. Brasa ball-valves, plun¬
ger, strainer, etc. Big pump gives vapor spray. War¬
ranted for five years. Try this machine at pur expense
with “ your money w your pocket See free offer below.
Write today.
Flto-AIl Barrel Sprayer,
Fits any barrel or tank. High pressure,
perfect agitation, easy to operate. Brass
ball-valves, plunger, strainer, etc. Auto¬
matic strainer. xfo “ cup leathers or rub¬
ber” about any of our sprayers. Furn¬
ished plain, mounted on barrel, or on
wheels as shown. Five year guarantee.
It don’t cost you “a cent” to try it in your
orchard. Get one free. Bee below.
Write today.
You can get a Hurst Sprayer absolutely free
if yon are the first in your locality this season
to send for one of our sprayers for trial.
1 You need do no canvassing or soliciting. It
will only take 15 minutes of your time. We do the work.
When you get a sprayer from us yon get the benefit of our
24 years experience in manufacturing sprayers. Hurst
Sprayers won the gold medal at the National Horticultural
Congress spraying machine contest. Send us a postal or
mark the attached coupon and mail it to ns and we will
send you our fine catalog, spraying guide, and will tell you
bow you can get a sprayer free. Don’t delay, write us at
once for our free sprayer proposition and save money.
H. I HURST MFC. CO., 284 Worth St., Canton, Ohio
H. L. HURST MFQ. CO., 2S4 North 8t., Canton, O.
Send me your Catalog, Spraying Guide and “special
offer" on the sprayer marked with an X below.
. . Man-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
. ...Horse-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
........ ..Plts-All Barrel Sprayer.
. ....4. Wheel Orchard Sprayer.
NAME -
ADDRESS
COUPON-
Fill Out and
Sand today
• ••!««•• oo •• e# es •• ae ao l
• •• ee *
SAVE MOHEY«*FRUIT PLANTS
Healthy, northern- grown stock, which will produce
money-making crops. Strawberry. Raspberry Black¬
berry. Currant. Grape Plants. Eic
READ OUR GUARANTEE
Every plant we ship is guaranteed to be first class
and true io name, packed to reach you in good grow¬
ing condition (by express), and please you. or your
money back.
You can make big money growing good berries,
but you cannot expect to grow good fruit by planting
and replanting small inferior stock.
Our plants are all grown on new ground (this being
the first crqp) and are large, heavy rooted and free
from disease.
We grow them by the million on our own ground
and know what we are selling. That is why our busi¬
ness has nearly doubled every year for the past
- twenty-two years.
We can save you money on 100 plants or a car load. Our large illustrated catalogue
is instructive and is free to all fruit growers Write for it today
O. A. D. BALDWIN, R. D. 14, Bridgman, Mich.
Im FULL ROLL
(108 sq. ft.)
of strictly high grade roof¬
ing, either rubber or flint
coat surface, with cement
and nails complete.
Most liberal offer ever
made on a first class root¬
ing. Better than goods
that sell at much higher
prices. Don’t spend a dol¬
lar on roofing until you
have seen
UNITO
ASPHALT
You send no money when
you order Unlto Roofing.
Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Write today for free Cata¬
logue and free samples
for test and comparison
and our unparalleled sell¬
ing plan.
It will be well worth your while
to send for a copy of my new 1911
seed catalogue. Just the sort of
handy reference book you need.
Contains valuable information
about how to get the best results
and gives a complete list of the
choicest varieties of tested farm
and garden seeds.
Drop me a postal mentioning The
Rural New-Yorker and I’ll send it free.
For 10c in stampi or coin I’ll also send
you three 10c packets of the best seeds —
one each of my unequaled Bonny Best
Early Tomatoes, new sparkler white tip
Radish and orchid flowering Sweet Peas.
Walter P. Stokes
Dept. L, 219 Market St., Philadelphia
ROOFING
Iron and Steel
ROOFING
Send today for Free
Book and bottom Fac¬
tory Prices on Metal
Roofing and Siding.
Better than you ean
buy elsewhere at any
prtoe. bhipped at our
risk. Y on
Send No Money
eoyoutalceno risk. Our
guarantee and seo-what-
jou-buy- before - paying
Plan epecify you pay
nothing onksee fully sat¬
isfied. Don’t buy till
you get our price* and
FREE BOO FEES'
GUIDE. Write for this
Book today.
PAINT
Try Unlto
paint free. If
It does not
spread best,
go farthest,
look best,
after you
have used
one-fifth
send rest
hack and it
will cost you noth-
mg. Vnito paint
is guaranteed fur
fire years — sold
at Real Factory
Piioea. Send for
Free Color Card
and big free cata¬
logue showing all
kinds and low cost
to you.
Wonderful bargains in
Unito Buggies. Latest
styles to cnoose from—
each absolutely guaran¬
teed and sent on 30 days’
trial. Don't pay 615 to 825
extra to dealer for less
value. Order a
Unito Buggy
cm our trial offer and prove for your¬
self that it is best. Write today
far our big free catalogue.
Let us send you a Unlto
Engine on our No-Money-
in-Advance FREE trial.
Use it — prove it. Com¬
pare It with any other
make— then if you don’t
want to keep it, send
It back— we refund even
freight charges. Made
In all styles and sizes—
lowest prices — all guar¬
anteed. Ask for FREE
catalogue.
FARM
IMPLEMENTS
Everything from
garden tools to
heavy power ma¬
chinery. Fully
guaranteed. Sent
on Free Trial to sel 1
themselves by their
dependability and
high quality. Real
factory prices save
you big money.
Send for big free
catalogue.
Farm Fanes
Extra quality fence
— all styles and sixes
— rock bottom prices.
Perfect poultry jar-
den and stock fence,
extra close woven at
bottom to keep out
even little chicks,
and wider and strong¬
er at top tc turn hogs
and cattle. Don’t buy
fence till you get our
Factory price. Free
catalogue on request.
SEWING
MACHINES
Don’t pay deal¬
ers' or agents’
prices when wo
guarantee you
better quality
at a big saving.
Any Unlto ma¬
chine on SO
days' free trial.
Sm and prof* for
yoancLt bofara you
pmj. Get cat*k,:uo.
The United Factories Company consists of a number of factories co-operating under one selling
head, to deliver direct to consumer— The Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Write today for our
Big Book explaining the plan that will save you money, mentioning articles interested in.
The United Factories Company, Station A-3 ( * Cleveland, Ohio
Orchards Pay Better Than Gold Mines When Fertilized With
GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER!
The Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture Offered a Prize for the Most Profitable Acre of Massachusetts
Orchards. This Contest Has Recently Closed, and the
FIRST PRIZE IS WON BY THE DREW-MUNSON FRUIT CO., of Littleton, Mass,
Their Prize Winning Acre of Baldwin Apples
GAVE THEM A TOTAL RETURN OF $715.70— THE NET PROFIT WAS $519.55
THIS ORDHARD WAS
FERTILIZED WITH
GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER
AT THE RATE OF 1000
POUNDS PER ACRE
*The Following Letter From Barnes Brothers, the Famous Fruit Growers and Orchardists of Yalesville, Conn.,
Shows That Thomas Phosphate Powder Brings a Prize to Every User in the Form of a Profitable Crop :
and the keeping qualities ’were remarkable , which was a big
advantage , especially when we had over 150 cars to harvest
in about two weeks as we had this year.
The Coe-Mortimer Company,
Gentlemen :
In regard to Thomas Phosphate Powder, you will re¬
call that we bought of you last year ISO tons and we wish to
say that it gave us most excellent results. On our peach
orchard where we used it, the trees made a splendid growth
with heavy dark green foliage, the fruit was of excellent color ,
IVe never saw better colored Baldwin Apples than those we
grew where we applied a good dressing of Thomas Phosphate
Powder. The best sold at retail for S 9.00 per barrel.
Yours trul}’, Barnes Brothers.
THERE IS A TRUTH IN ALL THIS FOR YOU!
The whole story is told in the New Edition
of our Booklet, “Up-To-Date Fruit Growing,” which Is sent free if you mention The Rwbal New-Yorker
THE COE-MORTIMER CO. ^posters 24-26 Stone St., New York City
We also distribute from Boston, Mass.; Belfast, Maine; Baltimore, Md.; Philadelphia,
Pa.; Norfolk, Va.; Wilmington, N. C.; Savannah, Ga. and Charleston, S. C.
1911.
GRAFT IN CONDEMNED PRODUCE.
The daily papers report that the New
York Board of Health has dismissed an
inspector charged with having permitted
the sale of potatoes that he had condemned
as unfit for food. Is this a fact?
New York. reader.
Yes, eight employees of the Board
of Health have been dismissed within
the last month on various charges, such
as alleged grafting, attempted bribery or
improper conduct. The last man to go
was Isaac Gruber, who got into trouble
over the condemnation of a carload of
236 bags of potatoes after examining
three bags. A number of witnesses tes¬
tified that, instead of being sent to the
dump, some of the potatoes were taken
to another part of the city and sold for
food. This made, a profitable deal for
some one, though there was no direct
evidence that Gruber got any of the
money.
Misuse of the power to condemn
foods has been, a sore spot in the
produce trade of New York for sev¬
eral years. It is a general belief that
practices like those mentioned in the
inquiry are common, but detailed proof
is hard to get. There are usually sev¬
eral in the deal, and numerous wheels
within wheels,, so that the identity of
the goods is lost before actual re-sale
takes place. It is like trying to catch
a burglar who has figured in advance
just what he will do in any emergency,
while the man burgled is taken by sur¬
prise and has no time for planning.
Produce men have found that it is
poor policy to oppose the workings of
the Board, of Health or its inspectors.
The Board is usually upheld in a suit,
and an inspector who gets down on a
produce man may become a perennial
source of trouble for him. It might
reasonably be expected that only prod¬
ucts decayed or otherwise damaged so
as to be unfit for food, or likely to be¬
come so within a few hours, would be
condemned, but inspectors may takie
wide latitude in this- matter. Because
decayed fruit is found in a few pack¬
ages, a wagon load or perhaps a whole
carload is condemned, even though a
fair proportion may be sound, and the
same is true, of meats and poultry. The
claim is made that inspectors do not
have the time to sort over a lot of
stuff, and that anything doubtful must
be taken out of food channels, as it is
better for one man to - lose a little
money than that the- health of the com¬
munity be jeopardized. This sounds
plausible and has quieted many crit¬
icisms. But the human nature of in¬
spectors is not different from that of
other people, and these wholesale con¬
demnations of food furnish too great
opportunities for graft to be neglected.
It works the same way as in a police
department, where large quantities of
money may be got by extortion and
blackmail of unfortunates or criminals.
The heads of such departments may be
honest, or they may be profiting ever
so much by it, and yet keep the tracks
of the money covered, so that they can¬
not be traced to them.
At one time a down-town basement
store was supposed to be a “fence”
where some of these practically stolen
goods were handled, particularly calves
and poultry. A produce man had two '
calves condemned. He states that they
were put into a wagon containing ice,
carted to this store and unloaded. The
hides were removed and veal was carted
from the store to the East Side. What
could he do about it? They assumed
the right to salvage the skins, and, even
though the veals were openly offered for
food, who could swear to the identity
of a dead calf, particularly after his
hide was removed?
Here is another condemnation inci¬
dent, though different in. detail. A man
who had a small canning business
bought many odd lots of fruit, for pie
stock. One morning he had bought a
truck load of peaches, some in bad con¬
dition, ordering the seller to deliver
them to his place at once. As they did
not come in half an hour, he started to
look them up, when he met an inspec¬
tor, whom he knew.
Did you buy that load of rotten
peaches?” asked the inspector.
I bought a load of peaches with some
rotten and specked ones, but they will
be sorted out and only the good ones
used.”
. “Well, I’ve jiist condemned that load
of fruit, but have a good mind to let
you have them. What will you do with
the specked ones ?”
Cut out the spots and put them in
cans for pie stock.”
The result was that the inspector ac¬
tually presented the cannery man with
the load of peaches .wliich. the latter had
.THE RURAL NKW-VOKJAliK
131
bought, but not paid for, half an hour
before.
\\ hen goods are condemned in a com¬
mission house, the commission man gets
a receipt and statement of the fact from
the inspector, which he sends to the
shipper. As an example of chilly con¬
solation, such a condemnation receipt
considerably discounts the now prover¬
bial 35-cent dollar, or even its remote
relative, the “interim receipt.”
Resodding an Orchard.
J. E. P., So. Framingham, Mass. — I have
bought a small place with an orchard of
about two acres which has been in sod
for a long time. The trees are about 50
years old. not especially large, neither are
they stunted, and are in very good condi¬
tion, though I judge they need food. This
orchard has been plowed, buckwheat sown
and then turned under, and the buckwheat
grow more or less between the sod last
Summer ; the sod is pretty well rotted.
What must I do to re-sod the orchard as
economically as possible and still be all
right?
Ans. — If that orchard were ours we
would work up the ground with a disk
or spring-tooth and keep the surface
stirred until late July. Then seed to
Timothy and Red-top with a mixture
of Red clover and Alsike, adding about
500 pounds per acre of three parts fine
bone to one part muriate of potash. We
believe this would pay, but the “most
economical” way might be to work up
the ground and sow oats with the grass
and clover seed this Spring. Cut the
oats early and pile the crop around the
trees.
ft
I We Want
V Our 1911
r Catalog In the Home
of Every Farmer In America'
178 page* filled from cover to cover with gen-
nine Buggy. Harness and Saddlo bargains; 251 illus- ’
trations, many in colors; 138 stylos of Vehicles, 74 de¬
signs in harness; the biggest and best book ever printed
in this line. Don't miss sending for itl
Murray Highest Award Buggies Direct from
His Factory — Four Weeks Road Trial —
Insures Sale Delivery — Two Years’ Guarantee
Before buying any kind of vehicle, Just get the 1011
Murray Style Book and
compare Murray Prices with
all others. Costs you noth- i
ing. You might as woll have
this book in your home.
The Wilber H. \ 1/ Ki/JBHT Cove
Murray M’f’g Co. - NlAaiiBff/
308 e. 5th st., IK) (Smlmern »30.<x>
Cincinnati,
Ohio '
Send ''r~
For This'' .
Free Book
Right Now.
WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID, $8.75
for 4 Buggy Wheels, Steel Tires. With Rubber Tires,
$15.20. I manufacture wheels yK to 4 in. tread. Ruggy
Tops $5.50, Shafts $2.00, Top Buggies $33, Harness $5.
Learn how to buy direct. Catalog free. Repair Wheels,
$5.50. Wagon Umbrella Fas*. 1V.K. BOOB, Cln’ti, 0.
DCCIf rCDIIIft its pleasures and profits, is the
UCtlV ttr II1U theme of that excellent and hand¬
somely illustrated magazine, GLEANINGS IN BEE
CLLTUUE. We send it for six months on trial for
twenty-five cents, and also send free a 64-page book on
bees and our bee supply catalogue to all who name this
paper. THE A. I. ROOT CO., Box 65, Medina. Ohio.
MARKET GARDENERS’ PAPER
Weekly Market Growers’ Journal— only paper printed
especially for vegetable growers. $1.00 a year, 52 is¬
sues. For 10 cents and names of three market gardeners
we will send it ten weeks with our popular booklet
“ $25,000 a Year From Twelve Acres.’’ Seud for free
sample copies— it is the best way to judge.
Market Growers' Journal, 541 Walker Bldo., Louisville. Ky.
Use a HERCULES
All-Steel Triple-Power
Stump Puller on
30 Days’ Free Trial
Clear up your stumpy fields at our risk now
with a famous Hercules on 30 days’ Free Trial
Test it on your place at our risk. Pulls stumps
oufi roots and all. 40015 stronger than any
other puller made. Triple power attachment
means one-third greater pull. The only stump
pu.ler guaranteed for 3 years. Only one with
Double Safety Ratchets. Only one with all
bearings and working parts turned, finished
and machined, reducing friction, increasing
power, making . it extremely light-running.
I Hitch on to any stump
400 % and the
More IJf Cl • n i
Mump is Bound
to Come
Also pulls largest-
sized green trees,
hedgerows,
etc. Don't risk
dangerous
and costly
dynamite. It
only shatters
stump and leaves
roots In ground.
Save big money
_ _ _ _ by getting our
FRFF n/'Tf'k If C and free trial offer. Also
* * , ■’* ‘ DWWiVO special proposition to
first buyers where we have no agents. Write us a
postal card today. Address
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO.
130 17th Street, Centerville, Iowa
Power
WYOMING SHOVELS
Just one look tells you that WYOMING
SHOVELS will give that long, satisfactory
service you have been looking for.
They are made to stand the gaff. Their blades
are made of crucible steel — they seldom need grind¬
ing. Their strong ash handles defy the most severe
strain you are apt to put upon them.
If you want to accomplish twice the work in a
given time, and save the money usually lost in
buying inferior grades, use WYOMING SHOVELS.
Your money invested in them will be
well spent. Get a WYOMING SHOVEL
to-day and prove its worth for yourself.
All varieties of shapes. Every one full}’
guaranteed. Write for our Free Booklet
“ Calling a Spade a Spade.” At your
dealers, or conveniently supplied.
WYOMING SHOVEL WORKS
Wyoming, Pa.
well seasoned.
ash handle^
ThePETTEBONE
Patent Protected
BackStrap
Rivet* and
Back Strap
below the line
of wear.
Blaxfes mode oj
Standardgrade
CRUCIBLE STEEL.
Planet Jr:
“ makes it only play to work a garden ”
This is exactly what a Planet Jr gardener says. And he
says what over a million farmers and gardeners think. They know
the time and labor their Planet Jrs save. Aren’t you ready to
give up the drudgery of farm and garden ? Planet Jr implements
are ready to lighten your labor, enlarge and better your crops,
and increase your profits. Made by a practical farmer and manu¬
facturer with over 35 years’ experience. Fully guaranteed.
No 25 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double-Wheel Hoe, Cultivatoa
and Plow opens the turrow, sows seed m drills or hills, covers rolls, and marks out next row iai
one operation ; and it has perfect cultivating attachments besides.
No. 8 Planet Jr Horse-Hoe and Cultivator will do more things in
> more ways than any other horse-hoe made. Plows to or from the row. A.
splendid furrower, coverer. hiller, and horse-hoe ; unequaled as a cultivator-
The 1911 Planet Jr illustrated catalogue is in¬
valuable to every progressive farmer and gardener-
56 pages brimful of helpful hints on
labor-saving. Free and postpaid.
Write for it today.
S L Allen
^Box 1 107V
Philada
Co
B
ECAUSE
the fence
gradually
will pay for the luxur¬
ies, season by season.
How? By enabling you to
turn your waste into cash.
Fence your farm off into a sufficient
number of fields to get the proper rotation
of crops and the most advantageous pastur¬
ing and your cash returns each season are bound
to increase. The farmer still using the old system
of big fields is losing money through waste. The fields
of your farm are like tables in a restaurant. The more
tables the more people served and the greater the profit.
The steel in Ellwood fence is specially made for the purpose from
carefully selected stock. It is hard, elastic, tough and springy
The line wires, composed of two or more wires twisted into cables,
give each individual vvire the shape of an elongated coiled spring. The
fence is therefore sufficiently elastic to take care of expansion and con¬
traction. and yet so rigid when properly stretched as to prevent sagging.
The small and permanent mesh is made by weaving one continuous wire
throughout the fabric. The mesh or stay wires are so interwoven that slipping
is impossible. The triangular truss is the strongest form of construction known.
For this reason, Ellwood fence will stand hardest usage and still retain its shape.
Ellwood Fence is sold in your town. dSai^^nd0 letTml
Show you his different styles of fence anuquote you his low prices. Get his expert
advice on your special needs. He is on the spot, buys In large quantities, gets the
lowest carload freight rates, demonstrates quality before your eyes and is the man
from whom you will get the most for your money.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice-President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver San Francisco
Seiidfor copy of “ Ellwood Fence News," profusely illustrated, devoted to the interests of farmers and show¬
ing how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm. Furnished f ree upon application.
pniHe
«
132
THE RURAL NEW-VOHKER
February 4,
Wk ^ Grow a
Bumpejr
Garden
Crop This
Year — and
Win One of
My Big Prizes
Yon tvant to grow a bumper garden
crop anyway don’t you? And here’s a
chance to make a little extra money. I
want extra fine gardens this year and
I’m offering ten prizes to get them. There
are no conditions to this contest— don’t
have to buy anything from me or sell any¬
thing or do any other work for me except
to write a 200 or 300 word letter telling me
how yon raised your banner garden crop.
Three well-known editors are the judges
and they will award the prizes.
1st Prize $100 2nd Prize $25
3rd Prize $10 4th Prize $5
5th Prize $5 Five Prizes of $1.00
Yon don’t have to write fine or use big
words or college grammer. All I want you
to do is to grow a good garden and tell me
bow youdidit. Send me a few photographs
too. Tell me how you laid the garden out
—what you raised, how you treated the
soil, etc., etc. That’s all there Is to it.
Everybody stands an equal chance, no
matter where you live or how much ground
you have. Don’t pass up this fine plan.
Everybody Should Enter
at once. Get the boys and girls interested
and watch them work. Let them read this
advertisement. Then mail me the coupon.
I want to send you my special Garden
Contest folder that tells all about it. Tells
about the Book of Garden Experiences I’m
going to publish and give away to my cus¬
tomers. Let me tell you how to get one of
these books without expense. And I also
want to send you my 1911 Seed Catalog¬
ue finest I’ve ever published. So
Send Coupon by First Mail
You’ll find just what you want in the seed
line in my catalog. The facts about this
contest and the Book of Garden Experi¬
ences are in my Garden Contest Folder.
You’ll find it pleasant to deal with me.
But right now — write your name and address
on the coupon and send it by first mail to
Henry Field, President
Henry Field Seed Co., Box 26 , Shenandoah, Iowa
Henry Field, President,
HENRY HELD SEED CO.,
I Box, 26, Shenandoah, Iowa.
I Dear Mr. Field:— Please send me your
Special Garden Contest Folder and your
1911 Catalogue Free.
* Name .
Address.
WGSTONS
Famous Tomatoes
are favorably known through¬
out the world. Twenty-five of
the best sorts were introduced
by us. We grow more high-
grade tomato seed than any
other seedsman in the world.
New Globe-Shaped Sorts:
Globe, Hummer and Corcless are nearly
Packet of Globe 10 ets; Hummer 10 cts; Coreless
- the three sorts, one packet of each for 25 cts.
Livingston’s Superb Onions
We grow acres of Onion seeds on our farms annually.
Livingston’s ( Southport White Globe 6c ) the 8 pkts.
Private < Southport Bed Globe • 6c V for
( Ohio Yellow Globe • • 6c )
Strains
10 cents.
Beautiful 130-Page Catalogue FREE!
It's the finest seed book of the
year. Contains more than 250
illustrations from photo¬
graphs. Practical cultural
hints will help to make your
work a success. Write for it
today. It's F-R-E-E !
THE L/VINCSTD*
357 Hioh St., Columbus, Ohio
CENT
SEED
SALE
in OOO KERNELS of
IVjUUU Selected ^ _
FERTILE SEEDS for lOC
1800 Lettuce 1 0OO Celery
1 OOO Onion 1 OO Pariley
1 0OO Radish 1 600 Rutabaga
1 0O Tomato 1 0OO Carrot
1 BOO Turnip 1 OO Melon
1200 Brilliant Flower Seeds, SOsorts ]
Any one of these packages is worth
the price we ask for the whole
10,000 kernels to start with. It is
merely our way of letting yon test
our seed — proving to you how
mighty goad they are.
Send 16 cents in stamps to-day and
we will send you this great collection of seeds by
return mail. We’ll also mail you absolutely free
our great catalog for 1911 — all postpaid.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO.,
1 1 44 South 8th Street, LaCresse, Wts.
00D SEEDS
85BESTINTHE WORLD
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
|5- I give a lot of new sorts for
trial with every order I filL
Grand Big Catalog CDCC
■Illustrated with over rilLC
,700 engravings of vegetables
and flowers. Send yours and
_ _ 'your neighbors’ addresses. *
R. H. SHUMWAY. Rockford. Illinoi*
VAN DEMAN’S FRUIT NOTES.
The Care of Sour Cherries.
J. G. G., Ithaca, N. Y. — I have 50 sour
cherry trees that were set last November
(1910), and are not trimmed as yet. I
wish to know about pruning, spraying and
fertilizing them ; also would like to know
If sour cherries are a success when set in
a poultry park?
Ans. — Sour cherries are a success in
New York if properly cared for. In a
poultry park they will flourish after the
trees have been cultivated for several
years following the planting. It is not
always practical to cultivate trees in a
poultry yard, and the birds need grass
or some kind of green forage to pick.
When the trees have come into bearing
the ground can be allowed to grow up
in something of that kind. The young
trees should have been pruned back
quite severely when they were set, but
it should be done now. The trees will
grow off better for having the small
branches cut off. Afterwards they
should be pruned very little. If the soil
is not strong it should be fertilized and
there is nothing better than potash and
phosphorus in some form. Spraying is
needed to keep down the fungus dis¬
eases, and the latest method of using
self-boiled lime-sulphur solution is the
best for this purpose.
Pecan Tree in New York.
8. E. L., Staatsburg, N. Y. — How can
hickory trees be made to bear? They used
to hang full, but of late years have been
shy bearers. I have a pecan tree 25 feet
high whose branches extend 10 or 12 feet
from trunk, hangs full of blossoms every
Spring, but only about 24 of the nuts will
ever amount to anything, and they only
about two-thirds mature. Can I do any¬
thing to hasten maturity, and develop them
In this climate?
Ans. — The pecan in New York is a
failure because of the climate being too
cool and the Summers too short. There
are wild pecan trees in southern Indiana
and there is a possibility that varieties
will be found or originated that may yet
succeed as far north as New York. But
the little Shellbark hickorynut is en¬
tirely at home there and should be given
far more attention than it now gets.
Why old trees that “used to hang full”
do not bear now seems very strange.
One tree standing alone might fail to
bear after the other trees had been
taken away, because of the fact that
some nut trees bear the flowers of the
two sexes at different times and pollina¬
tion is not accomplished. The only way
to cause pollination in such a case would
be to plant other trees near and their
flowers might bloom at the right time
to cross-pollinate those of the older
trees.
When to Plant Nuts.
H. IF. L., So. Framingham, Mans. — When
should nuts be planted, in Autumn when
they fall from trees, or is it better to strat¬
ify in damp sand and plant in Spring? I
have been told by a botanist that a dry nut
would not sprout, and the only ones that
grow naturally are those buried by squir¬
rels.
Ans. — The time for planting nuts is
not so material, either Fall or Spring,
provided they are never allowed to get
dry. If planted in the Fall in nursery
rows or where the trees are to stand
they are almost sure to come up the
following Spring. And if the nuts are
stratified and kept damp and cool all
the Winter they are quite likely to
grow, but they should be planted very
early the next Spring, because nuts ger¬
minate as soon as the earth first becomes
a little warm. Nuts that are somewhat
dry may often be germinated by soak¬
ing them in cold water for several days
and then planting them in moist soil.
Those planted by the squirrels never
have a chance to get dry, and that is
best H. E. VAN DEMAN.
Morrison : “I bet the man who ran
l his auto over Snodgrass is sorry.” Har-
| rison : “Why do you think so ?” “Mor-
! rison: “Snodgrass was wearing a scarf-
| pin that punctured the fellow’s tire.” —
■ Chicago News.
Home
Mix your own fertilizers.
It’s the simple, satisfactory and
profitable way. You get exactly what
your land and crops need and don’t waste a
cent on make-weights and fillers. Add enough
POTASH
to make a perfectly balanced plant food for the ,
crops you are putting in and you’ll get proof that
Potash Pays.
For valuable information on the mixing, use and
value of fertilizers write today for our free literature on
Home Mixing.
We sell Potash through dealers
everywhere, or direct to /,*>t ash
farmers anywhere in any
amount from a two-hundred
pound bag up.
Get Prices. Potash Pays.
German Kali Works
^Baltimore: Continental Bldg.
Chicago: Monadnock Blk. ^ _
New Orleans : Whit- - " /
ney central Bank
Building
Mixing
Pays
1 1 •
I
-f
"p^OSPHATt |||
MVOWR
brand
NO
FILLER
Kellogg
Plants
Will Yield $500 to $800 per Acre
THE Kellogg 1911 strawberry book is the most
complete treatise on strawberry growing ever
written. It tells the farmer how to grow big
crops of big, red strawberries and how to sell
them at big prices. No matterwhereyouliveor
what kind of soil you have, thisbook will tell you
how to prepare your soil, what varieties to set,
and how to manage the plants to insure best
results. One acre of Kellogg Thoroughbred
plants grown the Kellogg way will yield £500 to
£800. Get this beautifully illustrated 64-page
book and learn how easy It is to grow straw¬
berries for market or home use. It’s free.
ft. M. KELLOGG COMPANY, Box 480 Three Rivers, Mich.
Drop a card for
FLANSBURGH'S
STRAWBERRY CATALOG
for 1911. Reliable, interesting and instruc¬
tive. HIGHLAND, ST. LOUIS, GOLDEN GATE
and all the best varieties. Address
C. N. FLANSBURGH & SON
JACKSON, MICH.
SCARFF’S
SMALL FRUIT PLANTS
1000 acres devoted to the growing of Scarff’s
fruiting strains of small fruit plants, fruit trees,
farm seeds, garden roots, etc. Our free catalog
will surely please and save you money.
W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio
as
grows
ONION SEED
We are hoadquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg, Flat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
- THEILM AN N SEED CO . ERIE, PA. -
VICK’S
Garden and Floral
GUIDE for 1911
J Cabbage Seed — We sup-I
'ply largest growers in U.S.l
Cauliflower — Danish’
grown, large, fertile seed. ’
Onion Seed -No cleaner, truer seed.
Cucumber Seed — White as chalk. _
Also pedigreed Peas, Beans and Sweet Corn. About
K usual prices. We sell direct— no middlemen. Write.
FORREST SEED CO„ Box 32 Cortland, W.Y.
You can’t sow thistles and
reap figs. If you plant
Ferry’s Seeds you
grow exactly what
you expect and in
a profusion
and perfec-
tion never G
excelled. _ _ ' _ _ _
Fifty
years of
study and
experience
make them re¬
liable. For sale
reverywhere. Ferry’s
1911 Seed Annual
"free on request
D. M. FERRY & CO.,
Detroit Mich.
* 4
Strawberry Plants-gooT^
at $1.00 ger 1,000 and up. Catalogue free.
ALLEN BROS.. I’AW PAW, MU’H.
WARFIELD STRAWBERRY PLANTS for $1.00 per 1.000.
Sen. Dunlap for $2.00 per 1,000. Catalogue free.
100 varieties. J. G. PRESTAGE. Allegan. Mich.
CTRAWBERRY PLANTS — All the 1 eading mid money making
O varieties .ready to ship now. D. KODWAY, Hartly.Del.
rf)D CM E— Canada Peas.Sl. 85 bushel ; Alas-
rUn Oil Lb ka Peas, $4.00 bushel: Cow Peas.
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel.
Sow Canada Peas and Oats in March and harvest
a crop of Hay in May. Onion Sets at $2.25 per
bushel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.
Ready now. As always, the authority on what, how,
when’ and where to plant. Sent Free,
xrv a n s r errne Headquarters for Alfalfa,
a A K IV1 O L L OO Clover, all liay and pasture
mixtures, Beans. Cabbage, Corn. Oats, Onions, Potatoes
and all farm seeds in large or small quantities at lowest
market prices for absolutely highest quality. Your copy
of the Guide is waiting for you. Write for it to-day.
JAS. VICK’S SONS, 430 MAIN STREET, ROCHESTER. N. Y.
ISBELL’S SEEDS
For only 10c we send fivey
packetsFlowerSeeds or five
packets Vegetable Seeds
andthen return the money
in the form of a Due Bill
good for 10c to apply on
any order amounting
to 50c or more.
We also send free our
large 104 page Seed An- ^
nual, quoting fresh, vital
Mich iga n -grown seeds at very
moderate prices. Perfect satisfac¬
tion or money refunded. Sendto-day.
S. M. ISBELL & Co., Seedsmen
Box 401 JACKSON, MICH.
| imp. Yellow Globe Onion
Sew England grown seed — blight resisting,
heavy cropper, good shipper, unequalled tor ,
keeping. Repeatedly fives from 700 to 800 bus.
per acre. Per lb. $1.T5 postpaid; % lb. 65c; ounoe
25o; package 10c. Write to-day for our haudsome
1911 Catalogue, lor facta about Excelsior Pea*,
Swedish Oata, Imp. Original Crosby Corn,
Vickery’8 Forcing Gucnmbcr,
Symmes Bloc Hubbard /^arrop_T.
Squash, and other
GrcK“ ^hdhest,
J.J.H.Gr«rory k f
14 Elm St., Mar
ALFALFA
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which we Invite you to get Government testa.
This Beed should produce hay at $60 per acre, an¬
nually. Free Instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. We
handle export grade only and can furnish grass
mixture suitable for any soils. Write for catalog.
WING SEED CO., Box 223 Mechanicsburo. O.
GLOVER TIMOTHY ?£§&"
Cheapest and Ilest Seeding Knows
i Alsike, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully 14 AJ-
, slke, a great bargain. Most wonderful hay and pas-
i ture combination that grows. Write for Free Sam¬
ple and our large 76-page catalog describing this
wonderful grass mixture. Far ahead of anything
you can sow and ridiculously cheap. Be convinced.
A. A. Herr > Seed Co., lioxseo (Jlariuda, Iowa*
Special
Offer
Try our seeds this year. They will more
than please you. For only 10c. in U. S.
stamps or coin we will send a regular
. full size packet of
Beet, Improved Blood Turnip,
Bettuce, May Kina, ,
Radish, Scarlet Turnip, White Tipped,
Aster, Queen of the Market, mixed,
I Sweet Peas, Finest mixed, and a copy ol
the best Catalogue we ever issued.
Remember, these are regular size packets***! should hot be
compared with those sent out in some collections. Sena tor
the catalogue anyway. It’s free and better than ever.
M, H.BRUHJES A SOHS.^'.nlia'S.Vr:
1911
THE R U RAL NEW-YORKER
133
WHEN SHOULD PULLETS LAY ?
At what age should 100 April pullets of
the American breeds, such as P. Rocks,
Wyandottes, or R. I. Reds, be giving a 25
per cent egg production, when they are
reared on free range with good feed?
Connecticut. p.
This is a question somewhat difficult
to answer, because what one man would
consider “good feeding" another might
think was neglect. Undoubtedly the
date at which pullets of the American
breeds will commence laying may be
very considerably hastened by the kind
of food given them, and the food is
not the only thing to be considered.
They may be very badly set back by
overcrowding at night, sweating off
nearly all the day’s gain. And this
often happens when there is an abun¬
dance of small houses and plenty of
room if the chicks would remain in, or
return to their usual houses. But some
night (and it will be the night when you
had to go away or neglected to make
the usual rounds) a lot of them will
crowd into one house, and if it is warm
weather and a closed house with just
an entrance hole, there will be trouble.
Probably no other single cause con¬
tributes so much to “setbacks" in the
growth of young stock where a lot of
them range together. This overcrowd¬
ing is particularly dangerous in the
Fall. Often there is a change of weather
in the night, a driving rain meets the
chicks as they come out with the first
streak of daylight, they get chilled, colds
result, there are a lot of wet nostrils,
and you must get out your permanganate
of potash and put in the drinking water,
or you will have a lot of roupy birds
before you know it. But 1 have got
away from the question : “At what age
may the American breeds be expected
to lay a 25 per cent egg yield?” If
they have had beef scraps and a good
dry mash where they could get at it
anytime, and plenty of a variety of hard
grains, wheat, oats, barley and cracked
corn, green food, plenty of good water,
and no setbacks, Wyandottes and R. 1.
Reds should be giving a 25 per cent egg
production surely when seven months
old, P. Rocks three to four weeks later.
Last Summer my first brood of White
Wyandottes were all laying when six
months old; one of them began in Au¬
gust when just five months old; hatched
March 20, laid August 21. After lay¬
ing out the first clutch she molted her
tail feathers only ; I know, because she
got against a freshly painted hay rake
and had a blue mark on each wing
which remained after she got to laying
again, which she did before her new tail
was fully grown. I attribute this early
laying partly to the fact that I have for
severel seasons mated up three or four
pens from the earliest laying pullets. I
did it because I thought the early lay¬
ers were the best layers, but probably
the effect was to increase the tendency
to early laying. The bad effect of over¬
crowding may be minimized by using
houses that are entirely open in front,
except for wire netting coming down
to six inches above the floor. A board
fastened by a button at each end closes
that six inches at night and keeps out
cats, etc. When the board is removed
the chicks come out under the wire. A
wide board fastened against the coop at
top, with the bottom edge slanting out¬
ward, will keep driving rains from wet¬
ting the inside of the coops.
GEO. A. COSGROVE.
spreading. Your observations are about
right. Lime shows on clover, cabbage,
Timothy and wheat, but gives poorer re¬
sults generally on oats, rye, corn or
Red-top. As a rule, we think celery
will do better on a slightly acid soil.
Potato Questions.
IF. M., Locke, N. Y. — I have five acres
of land, not very good soil, that I wish
to put to potatoes. I have covered it with
horse manure and buckwheat straw, wish
to plow deep and fit well, mark both ways
three feet apart, and use 200 pounds of
high grade potato fertilizer. How would it
do to drop fertilizer in hills and potatoes
on top of it, and cover deeply? Could you
tell me the best size to cut seed and could
I spray with five-gallon compressed air
sprayer that is carried on back, and use
same mixture for blight and bugs?
Ans. — We do not use manure on po¬
tatoes. As this field is to be planted
we would drop the fertilizer, after cov¬
ering the potato seed in the hills and
cover with a cultivator. We should
cut the seed to pieces containing two
strong eyes. It will be a large job to
spray five acres by hand with a five-
gallon sprayer. We should not want to
try it. _
Trespassing Pigeons.
What remedy can you give for keeping a
neighbor’s pigeons off your grain field and
also a point or two of law on the subject?
Sebago Lake, Me. w. f. d.
After notifying the neighbor of the dam¬
age, in case this does not help a shot gun
is about the only remedy. You have the
right to protect your property. You could
only collect at law the damage done by
the birds, and your neighbor could only
collect the value of the birds if you shot
them.
A PERFECT STAND
Of potato** ia what you will get with good
eecd and an Iron Ago Planter. It plants 100
per cent, without misses or doubles or in¬
jury to the seed. Every seed piece placed,
just right, at even spaces and covered uni¬
formly. The boy pays tor bis labor 10 to 20
times over, and the planter pays for itself —
•ok any user. With or without fertilizer distributor
IRON ACE Garden Tools
have “made good” and proven their
superiority for 75 years. Sond
postal to day for our Anni¬
versary Catalog— it tells all
about our Potato Planters,
Cultivators, Diggers, Spray-
ers, Garden Tools. Wheel ' Tj'sC'i
Hoes, Drills, etc., and ia 'L'-. >>
F U E B Don't delay. :&°v' ^ ^ * ' S~A
BATEMAN IVt'P'O CO.
BOX 1036 9RENLOCH, N. J.
■ 1 ■ i ■ refii
3 'N
Save Money on
■m
1
i Berry Boxes and
Miffi
Baskets
Fruit and Vege¬
table Packages
and Growers* Supplies of all kinds,!
Write for free money-aaviug catalogue *
and price-list.
Lararest Faetory’of its Kind in the Country*
NEW ALBANY BOX AND BASKET C0.,Box 111, New Albany, Ind.
Lime Exposed to Weather.
F. K., Coldwater, N. Y. — Is air-slaked
lime, lying in piles outside for years and
lumpy, any good on land? I did not see
any difference in oats, but clover is better
than ever before. Cabbage showed the dif¬
ference in the limed and not limed parts,
but in celery I could not see any difference ;
parts not limed were even better.
Ans. — The tendency of burned lime
when exposed in this way is to go back
to the carbonate form about the same
as ground limestone. These lumps
should be crushed to permit even
NATURALS PHOSPHATE
In Rotating Your
Crops don't fail
to apply Natural
F i ne-C round
Phosphate when
breaking your ciover,
grass or grain stut
sods. ,This is the bes
time to apply it to th
soil direct. Address
THE RELIABLE
The right amount
applied just then,
at not over $1.00
per acre cost per
crop, will increase
each crop grown du r¬
ing the rotation from 50
to 75* Write for free
00 k I e t , telling all
bout it.
THE FARMERS GROUND ROCK PHOSPHATE CO .TENNESSEE1
The Sowing of Fertilizers.
Commercial fertilizers are coming
into more general use every day. That
they are difficult to sow is well known
to all users. The reason for this is that
they vary as to consistency. Some of
the fertilizers are bone dry, others
lumpy and sticky. Then, too, commer¬
cial fertilizers are affected by atmo¬
spherical conditions, which make them
hard to sow. The Superior Drill, made
by The American Seeding-Machine Co.,
Incorporated, Springfield, Ohio, will
successfully handle all known brands
of commercial fertilizers no matter how
difficult to sow. The Superior is guar¬
anteed to dp the work and to do it right.
Therefore the farmer runs no risk in
purchasing a Superior. These drills are
made in a wide range of styles and
sizes, and in addition to sowing all
brands of commercial fertilizers, as well
as granular lime, will sow every known
grain and grass seed, from the tiniest
grass to large bush Lima beans without
cracking the seed. The grain and fer¬
tilizer feeds are known to be positive
force feeds. The mechanism is very
simple and easily understood. The Su¬
perior is strong and will stand up under
the most severe work. Write to the
manufacturers for a copy of their Supe¬
rior catalogue. Then go to your retail
dealer and insist on seeing the Superior
Drill.
THE SIMPLE,
KODAK W A Y
DEVELOPING films in the Kodak Film
Tank is so easy and so little apparatus is
needed that you can do all the work on the
kitchen table and have room to spare. The
Kodak Film Tank can be used in any light —
no dark-room for any of the processes. The
experience is in the tank, so you won’t waste
any time or materials in learning how.
The important part of it is that a begin¬
ner who uses the Kodak Film Tank gets
better results than the veteran Kodaker who
clings to the dark-room method. Develop¬
ing films will make many a winter evening
pass quickly and will give you that satis¬
faction which comes from doing every part
of the work yourself.
Ask your dealer or write us direct /or a /ret
copy 0/ the booklet “Tank Development ."
EASTMAN KODAK CO.,
387 State Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
THIS FORGE OUTFIT WILL SAVE IT'S COST
IN 30 DAYS ON YOUR FARM
This Practical Farmer's F^rge Outfit saves it’s small initial
cost only So.bO- in HO days. With it you can do all your black-
sniitbii:i? and repairing. Does equally as much work as any
$10 -GO forge ever made. One farmer writes: “I had never
before built a Are in a forgo, but now I do all my own black-
smithing and repairing and have invented a Horse Hoeing
Machine and made 75 of them on the Farmer’s
Forge.” Another writes: ‘‘I wouldn’t take
fclOO for mine, if I couldn’t get another.”
Special Winter Offer
Farmer’s Forge complete, $3.60, or 1 Farmer’s
Forge, 1 anvil and vise combined and 1 pair of
tongs, all for $5.40.
Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Refunded.
Our Farmer’s Forges sold 14 years ago are still
giving entire satisfaction. Our forges have hearths
24x26 inches, Ilk inch blowers, run easy and have
all the first-class qualities of high-priced forges.
Fully warranted. Orders shipped promptly. Write to¬
day. Send stamp for catalog 11 ancf testimonials.
C. A. S. FORGE WORKS, SARANAC, MICH.
Edwards interlocking
“Reo” Steel Shingles
Need *•;'
No Repairs! «
They Last as
Long as the
Building
Paint Without Oil
Remarkable Discovery That Cuts
Down the Cost of Paint Seventy-
Five Per Cent.
they are stamped of best Bessemer
Steel 5 to 12 feet longf and 24 Inches wide.
I hey are made either in plain steel, painted
on both sides, or heavily galvanized. They
will not rust nor corrode. The interlocking
feature covers the nails and provides for
expansion or contraction.
Put Them On Yourself
Anyono can lay these shingles on any roof*
dust u hammer and a few nails is all you need.
Edwards Interlocking Reo Steel Shingles
will save money for you. They will lust
longer than wood-slilngle or composi¬
tion roofs and give you absolute protec-
ii°a,wSln8t f,re and lightning. We give a
$10,000 guarantee bond that no roof cov¬
ered with Reo Steel Shingles will bo de¬
stroyed by lightning.
Factory Prices— Freight Prepaid
Being the largest manufacturers of every kind
of iron and steel roofing material, we are in a
position to quote you lowest possible manufac-
turer-to-user prices.
Write for New Catalog 273
which gives valuable information yon should
have. You can save money and huve a better roof
by buying Edwards Interlocking Reo Steel
Shingles, bend us dimensions of vour building
and wo will quote you cost of a Reo Steel Shingle
Roof delivered at your ruilroud station. (36)
THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING COMPANY
223-273 Lock Street, CINCINNATI, OHIO
A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Every¬
one Who Writes.
A. L. Rice, a prominent manufacturer of
Adams, N. Y., has discovered a process of
making a new kind of paint without the use
of oil. He calls It Powdrpaint. It comes In the
form of a dry powder and all that is required is
cold water to make a paint weather proof, fire
proof and as durable a3 oil paint. It adheros to
any surface, wood, stone or brick, spreads and
looks like oil paint and costs about one-fourth as
much. ,
Write to Mr. A. L. Rice, Manuf’r., 408 North
St., Adams, N. Y., and he will send you a free
trial package, also color card and full informa¬
tion showing you how you can save a good many
dollars. Write to-day.
FOR MENDING HARNESS
It takes
a wax ■
thread,
feeds
shoes, tents, awnings, pulley bolts, car¬
pets, saddles, suit cases, buggy tops,
dash boards, or any heavy material.
Stewart’s Automatic
from spool and
docs the work of
any harness maker .
machine. It is indis¬
pensable for farmers.
Agents wanted. Sont prepaid
for $1.25. Bend at onco for
catalog. STEWART-SKINNER CO.
35 Hermon Street, Worcester, Mass.
istheonly per¬
fect Sewing
Awl.
SAVE HALF THE LABOR
in sawing wood. You can do
this and at the same time,
cut more wood in a given
, time than in any other way
Li by using
9 -
Table is mounted on grooved rolls, moves
easily — cut of saw is down instead of
against the operator as in old style ma¬
chines. Must be seen to be appreciated. We also
manufacture Drag Saws. Saw and Shingle Mills.
Get our pi'ie.v on Canvas Baiting: they will surprile you.
Send for prices and full information.
Ireland Machine & Foundry Co. ,14 State St., Norwich, N.Y.
CIDER PRESSES
The Original Mt. Gilead Hydraulic Preza
produces more cider from less
apples than any other and is a
KIR MONEY MAKER. Sizes
10 to 400 barrels daily. Also
cider evaporate s, apple-
butter cookers, vinegar
generators, etc.
OATALOGOE FREE.
THE HYDBAULIC P MESS MFG. CO.]
ld7 Lincoln Ave., Mt. Gilead, Ohio, ’
Or Room 119 L 39 X. laudt Street. New York, N. Y.
Would Vz More Water
wu^T.p^ta Interest You?
It is accomplished with the Double-Acting
“American”
Deep Well Pump
It delivers full cylinder
capacity both on the Down-
stroke and the Up-stroke.
It requires at no time more
power than the up-stroke of
a single-acting cylinder of
the same displacement.
Send for the most com¬
plete deep well catalogue
ever Issued, No. 110 just off
the resa, mailed free.
THt 'MERIC AH WELL WORKS,
^General Ollier and Works,
Aurora. III., U. 8. A. . , .
Chicago Office, - - First National Bank Bui. ding.
More Money made with
a STAR Grinder than
any other Implement
on your Farm.
... „ No to11 to Pay-no trips
to mill. Fresh feed for your stock
—more beef, pork, milk, health¬
ier stock. This means more money
Our 35 years’ experience at your
service free with helpful booklet,
write to-day for prices and
terms.
THE STAR MANUFACTURING CO.
13 Depot St., New Lexington. 0.
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE.
^TIU^
. . . MANUFACTURED ONLY BY . . .
The Rogers & Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.
Send for free Almanac telling all about
Hubbard’s “Bone Base” Fertilizers.
1 34
THE Kl.: KAL NEW-YORKER
February 4,
Hope Farm Notes
Several friends have asked me to
print what the Hope Farm man had to
say at the banquet of the New \ork
State Fruit Growers’ Association. The
topic was supposed to be “My Advice
to the Young Man.” One who asks
for this is a young man who hardly
needs this advice — another is an older
man who would not take it. At any
rate — here goes. I suppose we may all
be pardoned for a little “guff” at start¬
ing :
Heredity and Environment. — My ex¬
perience with young men, as something of
an old boy myself, convinced me that no
one should dare to advise them unless be
can pose as a teacher of long standing
and strong training. I am no teacher, al¬
though I ought to be. In one of Bailey’s
books I learn that the two great prin¬
ciples of living force are heredity and en¬
vironment- 1 confess that 1 don't know
exactly what they mean, but Bailey does,
and if we see it in his book it must be
so. At any rate I have them both in my
make-up. My mother was a teacher and so
was my mother-in-law. My sisters are
teachers, I married a teacher, and *1
hope my daughter will be qualified to
teach. 'Surrounded by all this evidence
of classified wisdom I have learned that
it is far better for a man to resign
practice and present himself as a willing
sacrifice to be practiced upon. My first
advice to a y,oung man would be to marry
a good school-marm if he can get one gen¬
erous enough or one blind or fond enough to
overlook his deficiencies. Then let him re¬
sign guardianship at once, and let her boss
the job, as she most certainly will.
Tiie Whole Thing. — But speaking seri¬
ously. out of a hard life of half a century,
my advice to a young man is to strive
earnestly for four things which lie at the
very foundation of life. These things are
wife, home, a piece of land and power.
These four things make a square within
which lies all that the world has to offer.
A king can have no more. Any man who
honestly and with faith can build this wall
around his life may laugh at adversity and
truly say “the world is mine.” Let us
analyze them for a moment. I would ad¬
vise* the young man to get the promise of
a good woman, to realize what that prom¬
ise means, and then be prepared to spend
the best energies of his life in making good
and honoring that promise.
Home. — No man is worth his salt who
does not have a home to which be may go
in time of joy, in time of sorrow, always
to feel that he is away from the hard and
biting world. I think the truest test of
character comes to the man when he is
obliged to make his own home, to dig the
foundation and build the walls ; the mortar
moistened with his own sweat and the
marks of the bricks upon his own hands.
You young men may not agree with me,
but I consider it a misfortune for any
young man to have a rich father. I have
bo use for the sentiment which young
men often express when saying that “the
old man” will provide for them. It is far
better for a strong young man to believe
it his dutv to care for his father rather
than to believe that father should care for
him.
A Piece of Land. — The time will come
within the life of you young men when
one who cannot leave his children a piece
of land will be considered an unfortunate
citizen. I hail the day when public senti¬
ment will compel the great holders of land
to break up their large estates so that all
men may have a home and a right to the
soil. You voung men do not realize the
wonderful things that are coming to this
country through the land. We have reached
the time when food production is falling
short of consumption. Never again in this
country shall we see such a thing as cheap
bread. This means a monopoly for those
who produce food such as has never been
known before, and the owner of a piece of
land will be the part of this great monop¬
oly. Where shall the young man look for
his piece of land? In that section east of
the Ohio River from West Virginia on the
south to New York along the St. I^awrence
to the Atlantic lies the most hopeful re¬
gion for the farmer that the world has ever
known. This section embraces barely eight
per cent of all our territory, yet it contains
two of the largest cities in the world.
There are eight cities with over 250,000
population, 23 with over 100,000, and 83
with over 25,000. Now where on the face
of the earth is there a more hopeful chance
for increased markets for the superior kinds
of food? Where is it possible to develop
electric power as can be done in this re¬
gion, and where can a young man with a
piece of land find greater opportunity for
body and mind?
Power. — There are three kinds of power,
the first is physical*, the care of the body
and keeping it under control. There have
been times in the world’s history when
great things were done by sick men, men
with deformity or men with affliction who
were pushed on by sheer courage and will,
but in the future as in the past the work
of the world will be done* by well men who
at 30 lay the foundation for a reserve
of strength to be used at GO. My advice
to the young man would be to hold his
body and its powers like an honest bank
account with never an overdraft or specula¬
tion. Then there is mental power. In the
future as never before the brain is to have
the mastery over matter. The trained man
will lead in all great enterprises. I would
advise every young man if possible to ob¬
tain a college education, even a short course
if nothing more to gain the college spirit.
If that be impossible I would master the
reading habit, and I would master through
it every good book within reach of my
home. Do not tell me that you cannot find
time for reading. I know better. I have
worked as hard as any man, yet out of the
odds and ends of life I have been able to
read and study. Now I find that these
fragments of time welded together through
books and thought have developed into a
priceless legacy, a noble offering for the
best that the world’s history has to present.
Thus far I have spoken of the material
things which naturally come first into the
mind of a strong and hopeful man. We
now dome to the dominating force, the
g*eat thing which finally decides a man's
life, and that is spiritual power. You
young men in your strength and pride may
think that the little share of property or
money which vou are to accumulate is your
fair contribution to society. You will live
to learn, and every gray-haired man in this
room will back me up in the statement,
that the world does not need your money
one-half as much as it needs your man¬
hood, your mind and your moral power.
These same older men will also endorse
me when I say that the man who leaves the
world nothing but houses and lands or
reputation for great learning will fall far
short of the gift of the less prominent man
who offers society spiritual service.
And what is the spiritual service which
a young man may give out of his life to
others? You see that a talk to a young
man naturally runs off into a sermon. Of
all the Bible stories that I remember not
one appeals to me more than that of the
man who was cured of an unclean spirit. I
take it that this unclean spirit meant de¬
pression. ignorance, hesitation and lack of
pride and respect for oneself and one’s place
in the world. I take it that this man was
cured by lifting him out of his state into
the glory of education, moral power and
ambition*, and of pride and respect for him¬
self and his nobler self. You remember
how this man in all the joy of his new¬
found freedom came to the great Master of
mankind who had set him free. The slave,
now a free man, begged that he might go
out into the limelight, out where men of
his class would applaud him, and tell his
wonderful story to the world. The answer
was “Return to thine own house and allow
how great things Ood hath done for thee.”
The Application. — This room is filled
with men who in one way or another have
been grouglit up from slavery. It may be
the slavery of poverty, of despair, of afflic¬
tion, of ignorance, of lack of opportunity
or ambition. If rising from these condi¬
tions, you have found competence, educa¬
tion, health or moral power you have been |
redeemed. If so you are under an obliga¬
tion to tell your story wherever you go. I
You Cornell graduates, you prosperous fruit
growers, you men and women who have
home and competence and happiness, have
heard the call and should obey it. You arc
obligated to tell your story. Not here, not
in easy places among your own kind, but
back in lonely homes on hill and in valley
where men and women still stand in the
shadow of the unclean spirit from which
you have been made free. And if any
strong and hopeful young man ask me
whence comes this obligation I would an¬
swer in words which have been repeated
over and over for centuries “For 1 have
redeemed tliec— I have called thee by thy
name — thou art mine!”
College for Farmers. — Here is a new
situation to me:
We are an organization intending to buy 1
a farm in this vicinity, for truck farming, j
We have sufficient money to start in well,
we have a man, a member of our organiza¬
tion, who is an experienced farmer of five
years’ experience and is fairly successful.
Would it better for the organization to send
one of our members, who is entirely with¬
out any farming experience, to an agricul¬
tural school, or would the instruction of
this farmer, our member, be sufficient ; or
would it be better that this member go to
the school after he has had one year’s ex¬
perience through the instruction of this,
our well-experienced farmer member; or
would it not then be necessary? m. a.
Pennsylvania.
I should send one of the members of
this organization to the Pennsylvania
Agricultural College at once, this Win¬
ter, and let him take some short course.
He could thus get acquainted with the
teachers and workers there, so they
would help later in case their advice
was needed. He would pick up a few
principles of farming during his stay.
This brief experience would show
whether it would pay to send him back
for a full year. I think it would.
Florida Note. — As I write this I am
on my way South. Wait till I get there
before asking an opinion about the State.
While we are waiting here is a report
from an old friend, D. L. Hartman, now
located in Dade Co. He was formerly
in Pennsylvania.
I just returned from a bicycle trip some
five miles south to a district where snap
beans are a specialty. There must be sev¬
eral hundred acres lying close together in
that one section. Within several miles of
this point there must be upwards of 500
acres of tomatoes, most of them in very
good condition. I have three acres myself
planted October 27 that meet across seven-
foot rows, and first specimens just begin¬
ning to ripen, January 15. My strawber¬
ries give every promise of a crop of up¬
wards of 25,000 quarts of splendid berries.
I picked 44 quarts last week ; they are
binging 50 cents per quart wholesale. There
will probably be several hundred quarts
this coming week, but price will drop and
after that the “deluge.” Fine big berries,
possibly not as fine as your Marshalls, but
as fine I think as any I have ever seep.
Most of whai we have picked thus far
averaged somewhat between 30 and 35 ber¬
ries per quart. The color is all that could
be desired. d. l. haiitman.
Now I know that Brother Hartman
in Pennsylvania was a conservative
man who gave us the facts. Therefore
I cannot think these are “big stories” —
but he had to learn how to do it — and
pay for the knowledge.
At last reports our folks were still
hunting for a cow. There are some
good ones in the State, but not many.
Some of the large hotels in North Flor¬
ida, I understand, have herds of cattle
which are milked through the Winter
and driven up into Georgia for the Sum¬
mer. At the great resorts in southern
Florida I think most of the cream and
part of the milk are brought from the
North. From most points of view the
dairy business looks right. Let us find
out the drawbacks. H. w. c.
AVE MONEY, TIME AND LABOR
Before Building, Write for Free Booklet and Samples of
WAUboaI»eathiNG
RISHOPRIC WALL BOARD is cheaper and
D better than Lath and Plaster; applied winter or
Summer. YOU can easily nail it to studding. Ap¬
plied dry it is at once ready for paint, paper or burlap,
is clean and sanitary; guaranteed proof against
dampness, heat, cold, sound and vermin.
CONSTRUCTION
Made of kiln-dried dressed
lath, imbedded in hot Asphalt
Mastic, andsurfaced with sired
cardboar d;iscutatthe factory
into uniform sheets, 4x4 ft. sq.
and three-eighths of an inch
thick. These sheetsfdelivered
in crates) are easilyandquick-
lynailedtostudding. Usedfor
dwellings, pleasure, health re-
sortan d factory buildings, new
partitionsin old buildings, fin¬
ishing attics, cellars, porches.
■RISHOPRIC SHEATHING saves 7S per cent in
L> material an d labor. Same as Wall Board, but card¬
board surface of Sheathing is not recommended
for decorative purpose ’.therefore costs less. Quick¬
ly nailed to studs with laths and asphalt exposed.
Shows weatherboards over Sheathing, 1
side exposed; also
Bishopric Roofing,
over Sheathing, ^
smooth side
exposed
Applying Wall Board laundries, garages.
Price $2.50 per 100 sq. ft. or $6.40 per crate of 256 sq. ft.
f. o. b. factories. New Orleans, Cincinnati, or Alma, Midi.
Write for Booklet and Free samples of Wall Board, Sheathing and Roofing
The Mastic Wall Board & Roofing Mfg. Co. 43 E. Third St. Cincinnati, O.
_ ■ _ _ _ g
paper. Proo f againstheat.cold, dampness. Used with
excellent resultsas cheapestand best lining for dairy
barns, poultry houses, stables and other buildings.
Price $2.35 per square of 100 sq.ft, or $6 per crate of 256
sq. ft. f. o. b. New Orleans, Cincinnati, or Alma, Mich.
Spray 30 Acres a Day
Potatoes, Small Fruits, Vines
Spraying that counts. 6 rows at a time with force to do
work right. Foliage sprayed aU over, under as well as
on vop. The Perfection Sprayer is also great at orchard
work. Spray trees by hand. Easy to maintain 160
pounds pressure with two nozzles going. Strong 60
g&Uon tank, perfect agitation, absolutely best spray
Sump made. Spray pipes fold up— yon can
rive close to trees and in narrow places.
Over 23 years a sprayer builder. I know re¬
quirements, and I know the Perfection is
1 right. Over lOOO In use,
all giving satisfaction.
Write for Free Catalog.
Don’t buy any sprayer
till it cornea.
THOMAS
PEPPLER
Box 45 , Hightstown.HJ.
Ornamental Fence
Send for book of
m anuf a cturer’s
prices and hun¬
dreds of styles. In¬
cluding farm and
poultry fence.
Gates to match.
The Ward Fence Co., Box 945, Decatur, Ind.
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND
IS THE CHEAPEST AND BEST. IT HAS NO SUPERIOR.
SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE.
Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money
Spraying Compound ready to mix with water. One
gallon of Spraying compound will make from sixteen to
twenty gallons of spray.
Terms:— In bbl. lots (50 gal.) 30c. per gal.
We would refer you to .1. H. Hale, the Peach King, or
Prof. Jarvis of the Connecticut Agricultural College.
They will tell you there is nothing better.
THE J- T. ROBERTSON CO., BOX R, MANCHESTER, CONN.
Book
33-A
Book
33-M
When in the Market, See What
the Market Affords
Any or all of these booklets sent FREE
Please ask for the books by number
MORE AND BETTER CORN," is a 40 page booklet,
full of profit-bringing information. Every paragraph
is practical.
We publish this book and send it FREE because we
are interested in improved methods of corn growing.
Every vital thing about corn and corn planting is
in this book.
We manufacture the largest and most complete
line of corn-planting machinery, all of the high¬
est quality.
Tell us your requirements and we will furnish
full and complete information.
ALFALFA
Its Seeding. Culture and Curing, by one of the high¬
est authorities in Kansas, the greatest Alfalfa State,
is full of practical information about this new and
important crop. Get posted on this interesting
subject.
DISC HARROWS
The Disc Harrow is the most necessary tool on the
farm today. The advantages of thorough discing
are just beginning to be understood.
The DEERE MODEL B. Disc Harrows control the
gangs and force them into the ground by a spring
pressure, thereby securing the most even and
thorough penetration and cultivation.
Whether you buy a disc liarrow or not this
year.it will pay you to read up all the new
features of the DEERE line of Harrows and
the MODEL B. in particular.
REMEMBER, it is the only spring-pres¬
sure harrow made and spring-pressure
control insures more perfect work.
BETTER HAY
If you have ten or more acres of hay, you
will be interested in the New Deere Hay
Loader.
The Loader that lasts a lifetime: that has absolutely
the lightest draft of its width: that delivers the hay at
the highest point; rakes absolutely clean without gather¬
ing trash; will handle the hay in swaths, windrows of
any size or bunches.
The New Deere couples automatically and unhitches
from the load and has many other exclusive -and
valuable features. ALL IN THE BOOK.
For every use the DEERE UNIVERSAL DISC
HARROW is a most satisfactory tool, Made
in 3. 4. 5 or 6-foot sizes. The gangs are reversible
and adjustable for in-throw or out-throw, wide or
narrow cut. The frame is very high so that the
machine makes a first-class cultivator for small
crops.
A machine of this kind comes in mighty handy
on any farm.
FARMERS’ POCKET LEDGER
The Farmers’ Pocket Ledger is a new. dur¬
able and handsome memorandum book
which contains lots of practical information and
has plenty of room for recording important trans¬
actions. The most popular little book of its kind.
Please ask for books by number.
Address
DEERE & MANSUR CO.
Moline, Illinois
1911.
1 .’J o
Ruralisms
VALUE OF FIRST GENERATION CORN
HYBRIDS.
Bulletin No. 191, Bureau of Plant
Industry, U. S. Department of Agri¬
culture, calls attention to the great
value of first-generation hybrids in field
corn as a means of securing better yields
than is common when dependence is
made on seed selection from single va¬
rieties, no matter how highly pedigreed.
The tendency of modern methods of
corn breeding is largely toward close
selection to secure uniformity of type,
with the result that in-breeding is en¬
couraged to the extent of promoting
self-sterility in well-fixed strains. Uni¬
form experience shows that first gen¬
eration hybrids or crosses of corn vari¬
eties are more vigorous and productive
than either of the parent strains, the
excess of productiveness often rising
as high as 95 per cent over the best
parent, but when attempts are madt to
“fix” the hybrid by subsequent selection
there is generally great falling off in
this respect as well as marked reversion
to one or the other of the parent type.
To secure the advantages of the marked
vigor of first-generation hybrids, which
is believed to be of great commercial
importance, it is recommended that 'the
crossing found locally most effectual be
repeated every year in. the seed plot,
and that the product be used directly
for planting the field crop without the
delay of repeated selection fo establish
a “pedigree” strain. Maize or Indian
corn, of all agricultural plants, lends it¬
self most readily to breeding of this
kind. It is only necessary to plant al¬
ternate rows of the chosen varieties in
a seed plot, far removed from other
corn plantings, and detassel every plant
of one variety before its pollen is pro¬
duced. All the ears on the detasseled
variety will have hybrid kernels that
may be used next year for main crop
seed, while the ears borne by the tasseled
variety will have pure or line-bred seeds
that may be used for the seed plot of
succeeding years. By detasseling a dif¬
ferent variety in alternate years the
parental strains may be kept pure and
a constant output maintained of first
generation hybrids for the yearly crop
seed. This presupposes that the seed
plot is sufficiently isolated greatly to
reduce, the chances of foreign pollen be¬
ing carried in by wind from other, corn¬
fields. The seed plot experiment may be
extended by planting a number of va¬
rieties in alternate rows with the kind
selected for the male or tassel parent,
and detasseling as before. The seeds
borne will in every case be first genera¬
tion hybrids between the tassel and silk¬
bearing varieties and may be used to
ascertain the best local combinations
for field cropping. The main thing is
to keep up a constant flow of primary
or first generation hybrid seeds for field
use to secure the excess vigor usual in
such hybrids and to avoid the progres¬
sive decline in productiveness experi¬
ence has shown to be almost universal
when plants naturally adapted to cross¬
pollination are closely inbred. Most
high-bred strains of corn, particularly
those developed by modern ear-to-row
and score-card methods of selection,
however excellent in themselves, soon
develop weaknesses when- distributed,
and at most appear adapted to exceed¬
ingly narrow local conditions. By using
first generation crosses of such strains
it is possible, in the opinion of Prof. G.
M. Collins, writer of this bulletin, to
infuse such vigor in the progeny that
the full value of the selection may be
brought out almost without regard to
slight variations in local conditions.
While the breeding of suitable first-
generation hybrid corn seed, may, it is
thought, be profitably carried on wher¬
ever corn is a preferred crop, the theory,
if correct, offers to enterprising farmers
and seedsmen a chance not only to im¬
prove their own local plantings, but to
develop first-generation hybrid strains,
to be maintained in annual integrity, of
Prime commercial importance. In select¬
ing parents for this work it will be
well to keep closely to a single type of
kernel in order to secure reasonable uni¬
formity in the field or second-generation
crop. Thus varieties having white, yel¬
low and other colored seed coats should
not be bred together, nor should flint
and dent sorts be mated unless yield
alone is the feature sought for, regard¬
less of the appearance of the product.
Bulletin No. 191 indicates a fascinating
held for home research, and if its con¬
clusions hold good will go far to offset
the debilitating effects of close line
breeding in field corns.
THE RURAL
Best Sweet Cherries — Pears.
H. L., Dutchess Co., K. i\— Will one of
your authorities in small fruits inform me
what he would consider to be the three
best sweet cherries for family use (one
variety black); the best two sour ones;
the best two grapes ; the best two plums ;
the best red raspberry and the best black¬
berry? Early bearing varieties are not de¬
sired, as 1 have observed that earliness
is almost invariably at the expense of
quality or something else that is desirable.
Is the Comice a better commercial pear
than the Clapp or Bartlett?
Ans. — Of the sweet cherries the three
that I would choose are Napoleon,
Schmidt and Bing. The last two are
black. Of the sour varieties Richmond
and Montmorency are excellent. Of
grapes none is better than Concord and
Niagara for general use at home or
anywhere else. Among the plums Lom¬
bard and Grand Duke are excellent, and
ripen successively. One of the best of
the red raspberries is London. Mer-
sereau is a rather new blackberry, but
has proved to be equal to any of the
older ones and has none of the objec¬
tions that most of them have. Comice
is a pear that has brought the very
highest price in market, but it can
hardly be said to be better for general
market purposes than Bartlett, although
it is better than Clapp in every way.
Comice ripens about a month later than
Bartlett. h. e. van deman.
The Farmer’s
Tractor
Completely self contained, with all w'""'
parts protected from dirt.
Perfectly balanced. Runs without v '-na¬
tion. Under accurate control of govemc- s.i,
all times, from no load to full load.
A single lever shifts all gears.
Every part is built with the view of making
an unbreakable machine.
An all around farm power to take the place
of teams to a great extent. In addition to the
hauling feature, its uses on the belt are
almost unlimited.
Illustrations and specifications on request.
— T HE HUBER—
HANUFACTURINQ CO.
646 CENTER STREET
MARION, OHIO
48 Million Shortage
Government statistics show there were 48,000,000 bush¬
els less of potatoes grown in the United States last
year than in 1900. This with Increasing population
must necessarily make a larger demand for potatoes
in 1911. No crop as a
Money Maker
equals it. and the information showing how to grow
for profit will be mailed absolutely free to anyone
asking for it. Our president has devoted over fifty
years to the study of potato culture and the manufac¬
ture of machinery for handling the crop in all stages.
ASPINWALL MANUFACTURING CO.
437 Sabin Street, Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.
World’s Oldest and Largest 31 alters of Potato Machinery.
THE HAMILTON RESERVOIR
ORCHARD
HEATER
Positively
the most
effective
heater be¬
cause of its
REGULATED
PIKE- Many
other points of superiority.
Write for our RED BOOK on orchard
heating free. Tells yon how best to smudge
HAMILTON ORCHARD HEATER CO.. Grand Junction, Colo.
ENCOURAGE TH1
iOYS
r Boys wont encouragement — ,
if they don’t get it at home they
Pgo elsewhere. Teach them to earn their^
r own spending money . Growing vegetables^
Is Instructive, Interesting, proiitabio when
f IRON AGE
are used. Our No. 6 Combined Hill and Drill
Seeder with Marker and Double and Single
Wheel Hoe is a wonderful tool— can be used
in various unusual combinations. Saves time,
labor and eecd. Price, $12 Other
garden tools. $2.50 up. Easy to.
operate. Recommended by I
gardeners every where. Write ’
to day for 75th Anniver¬
sary Catalog— Free.
BATEMAN •'R’G CO.
Box HU
Grenlocb, N. J.
NEW-VORKER
Wiikx you write advertisers mention Tub
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
EIGHT San Jose Scale
B with Sherwin-Williams
Lime-Sulfur Solution —
and win !
Read what Wm. J. Moore, a
Pennsylvania fruit grower,
says about his orchard :
Sherwin-Williams Co.
Gentlemen :
I have an apple orchard of 200
trees and 25 or 30 plum trees. They
were all very badly infested with San
Jose Scale. Last March I sprayed
my trees with your Lime-Sulfur So¬
lution and now in September you
can still see the stuff on the bark of
the trees, but there is no scale at all.
The preparation is all that you can
possibly claim for it. Some of my
neighbors have been spraying with
other material for four or five years
and their trees are still dying.
We did not know where to get a good
insecticide and wrote to the
• They recommended The Sherwin-
Williams Co. as thoroughly reliable and I
have found that they were right.
Respectfully yours,
Wm. J. Moore
Sept. 10, TO. Analomink, Pa.
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
635 Canal Road
Cleveland,
Ohio 102a
Sent free, ''Spraying, a
Profitable Investment."
“ONE FOR AIL," No. 11
v ocath to masers 4 ruNti
Barren. 425 lh« nr- p,, |kl
y, Rht. ?6C. IK. , _ .t 1 j a. 1
! ■** jb’ -rrr'L - ,, " 06 -
; 35 lbs - - I 0$
T O. ■. NEW YORK
'Wool Grease, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur
V Combined. A Contact sod Poison Spray.
\Afi Insecticide A Fungicide.
Only' Thing Needed for ’ all Pests or * Fungus.
WRITE FOR BOOKLET.,
MANHATTAN "OIL COMPANY
Rst«bljih«d 1853.
SllFront Street! New Mbrlk
Compressed Air Sprayers
TIME, LABOR, MONEY SAVERS
W. H. Owen Sprayer Co., Sandusky, Ohio
“KANT-KLOG
SPRAYERS#;
Something New
Gets twice the results
with same laborand fluid.
Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays
from same nozzle. Ten styles. For -
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing,
etc. Agents Wanted. Booklet Free.
Rochester Spray Pump Co. R^5B“ u-r^.T.
Spraying
Guid' Free
The Best Spray Pump
Sprays the tallest fruit trees from the ground.
Special nozzle for grape vines, shrubs, etc.
Sprays quickest and best. Does the work in
half the time and does it thoroughly. Always
ready. Used with bucket, barrel or tank.
Uasts a lifetime. No leathers to dry up, wear
out, or make trouble.
Standard Spray Pump
Warranted for 5 Years. Price $4.00.
It will not cost you a cent to try it. Our
special offer gives complete details. Write
for it today and we will also send our illus¬
trated circular showing how this pump pays
for itself many times over the first season.
The Standard Stamping Co.
94 Main Street Marysville, O.
WELL
DRILLING
MACHINES
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or
veils in any kind of soil or rock. Mounted on
Bhaltaw wells in any kind of soil or rock. Mounted on
i sills. With engines or hyrse powers. Strong
wheels or oil „ nacn[jmcDuniun)cpuwere. carong,
simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them
easily. Send for catalog.
WILLIAMS BROS.. Ithaca. N. Y.
Paten ted
Oct. 6, 1908
FRUIT GROWERS FAVORITE SAW
IS THE MOST PRACTICAL TREE PRUNER EVER INVENTED
Because it saves time and labor and is so easy to
handle. It is made with a lfi-inch draw cut blade
and has a 7 or 8 foot handle.
Write today for Descriptive Circular and Prices.
FRUIT GROWERS SAW COMPANY. Scottsville. New York.
DON’T BE ROBBED
Don’t let San Jose Scale rob you of your fruit crop
this season. Spray with
Good’s Potash Whale Oil Soap No. 3
Kills all tree pests and fertilizes the soil. Contains noth¬
ing injurious to trees or plants. Keeps them clean and
healthy. Used and indorsed by State Experiment Stations
and U. g. Department of Agriculture
60 lbs., $2.50; 100 lbs., $4.60; larger quantities proportion¬
ately less. Write for free booklet on Plant Diseases.
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 945 N. Front St., Philadelphia
DEFEND YOUR FRUIT TREES
Prom San Jose Scale and fungus
diseases with a Defender Sprayer.
Powerful two-line spraying ap¬
paratus. Made of brass; perfect
construction. Quickly attached
to barrel ; easy working. Save*
time, labor and fruit. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed.
Descriptive circular and pri*e
list free. Write today.
C. S. HARDER,
Box 75, CaUkill, N. Y.
SPRAY ftop,edb
pted by the N. Y. State Fruit Growers Ass.
WILY. 4* AY YOU TO USE EITHER
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS AND AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRI CE and MATERIAL
^FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
- 1 Ftmt ti
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
14 BAYVIEW AVE..JERS EY CITY. N.J.
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
rnn AY ’“Empire KingT1
1 He who attempts to grow fruits without a Sprayer is handi-
™ capped. Blight and bugs, rot and rust, mold and mildew, all
^ conspire to damage the crop, and in all cases succeed if the farmer does
not spray. This is the only hand pump having automatic agitator and brush for olean-
lag strainer. Valuable book of iuatruction free. FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., <2 llTH St.. ELMIRA. N. Y
US
• - — - - - - - -
is just as big and broad as YOU
choose to make it.
Our Guarantee
“SCALECIDE”
applied to your fruit trees will absolutely kill SAN JOSE SCALE and all Fungous troubles !
oontrollable in the dormant season. Five years of proofs.
Prices: In barrels and half-barrels, 50c per gallon; 10 gal. cans, $6.00; 6 gal. cans, $3.26; ;
1 gal. cans, $i.oo. If you want cheap oils, our “ CARBOLEINE” at 30c per gallon is the I
equal of ANYTHING ELSE. Send today for free Booklets, “Orchard Dividends” and 1
“Modem Methods of Harvesting, Grading, and Packing Apples.”
B. G. PRATT COMPANY, Mtg. Chemists, SO CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY
RHODES DOUBLE CUT
■yHE only
pruner
made that cuts
from both sides of
the limb and does not
bruise the bark. Made in
all styles and sizes. Wc
pay Express charges
on all orders.
Write for
circular and
prices
136
February 4,
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A Nstional Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Home*.
Established 1850.
JlMliM weekly by tbe Rural PnblUhlaf' Company, 409 Pearl Street, New York,
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wii. P. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, (2.04, equal to
8s. fid., or 8*2 marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timt
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
ns; and cash must accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is hacked by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertisingin our columns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but wedo not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned Thb Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
I do not feel very confident that any legislation will
be reported this session. The Post Offices and Post Roads
Committee does not seem friendly to this legislation, but
I shall stand for it because it is sure to come, and ij our
rural people were actively supporting their interests in
the matter it would he on the statute hooks within the
next 30 days.
That statement is made by Congressman Ralph W.
Moss of Indiana. The last part of it is, we believe,
correct The express companies are, through their
various agents, showering Congress with circulars
and petitions. Thus weak-kneed Congressmen tell
their people that the sentiment is against parcels
post. Whenever the people will really fight for this
reform they will get it. We still think that Congress
would have passed the bill last Spring if the papers
had backed us up in. the campaign for letters.
*
Some of these “careful consideration” Congress¬
men want to know what they are expected to say
anyway if farmers are not satisfied with “c. c.” The
Farmers’ Institute in Rhode Island voted unani¬
mously to ask Congressman O’Shaughnessy to “use
his utmost efforts” for parcels post They appointed
a committee to tell the Congressman that the farm¬
ers wanted parcels post and would not be satisfied
with the “joker” suggested by President Taft. Mr.
O’Shaughnessy has kept his system free from “care¬
ful consideration.” He comes right out and says:
I believe that the high cost of living problem would
be helped considerably to a popular solution by tbe in¬
stitution of a proper parcels post. The resultant benefit
to the farmer for whom yon speak would be pronounced,
and the consumer would be helped to a ready access to
tbe products of the soiL That the inauguration of this
beneficent system would bring about an increased expense
in the Post Office Department should not be seriously
considered; that department is supposed to serve the
people and not to make money.
*
The thing puzzled me for a long time, as I never
knew of a similar instance, but when I read “The Busi¬
ness Hen” I found out what was the trouble — that it was
due to the fright they had received. ' u. n. G.
This man tells how he had his Leghorn hens so
tame that he could pick them up and pet them. He
went in unexpectedly with a basket of leaves and
frightened the birds so that they stopped laying at
once. This idea is well brought out by Prof. Rice
in “The Business Hen.” He shows how fear injures
the hen as a layer and also as a breeder. It is evi¬
dent that contentment is a part of the “business.”
There is another element of fear in the hen man.
He whets up his courage on the stories told in some
of these great “systems,” but the results are like strik¬
ing an ax against a stone. One thing may be said for
“The Business Hen” — it records no big stories and
feeds out no mental whisky. You will notice that
Mr. Dougan of New Jersey tells of a “system” which
helped him select the best layers. This is described
in “The Business Hen.”
*
The experts who studied out the facts about lime-
sulphur and its use as a fungicide have done great
things for fruit growing. Without question they have
given us a substitute for Bordeaux Mixture with
most of its virtues, and some of its faults left out.
They must not, however, think that their life work
is done and that plant disease, or even “brown rot”
has been conquered. Great results have been ob¬
tained in Georgia and parts of the West, but we
have yet to see a genuine outbreak of fruit rot in
strawberries, cherries, plums, or peaches, controlled in
tbe North Atlantic watershed. There the conditions
THR RURAL NEW-YORKER
for the spread of such diseases, in a favorable season,
are such that any fungicide will have a severe test.
When Bordeaux Mixture was introduced our fruit
growers expected too much from it. Some were dis¬
appointed. Let us not expect too much of lime-
sulphur. It is a distinct advance in fungicide, and
will prove a great blessing, but it is not “the end”
by any means.
*
On page 1206 we told how the farmers at Voltaire,
North Dakota, had worked out some remarkable
schemes for co-operation. They bought their town
site, organized a telephone and an insurance company
and an elevator, and put up a building of their own.
This last they thought necessary because they had no
place to meet and discuss their business — and this is
the way it works.
When they held a farmers’ institute recently they met
In their own hall, brought their families and a picnic
dinner. The basement contains a dining room, kitchen,
two cloak rooms and coal room. Here the children played
and had a good time while their elders were entertained
and instructed up stairs. When noon came all repaired
to the dining room. Meanwhile the orchestra furnished
music. They all staid at the hall, no hanging around
grocery stores, pool rooms and livery barns.
In addition to all this these farmers have organized
a mutual bank. It would have been started last
year, but crops were poor and so they waited for a
better season. Now these men are working free and
they are doing it themselves. They get the consum¬
er’s dollar and they deserve it. Their work could he
duplicated in 1,000 other places. It is the way out.
*
The meeting of the New York State Agricultural
Society at Albany developed into a “Consumer’s Dol¬
lar” convention. The dominating idea of the meeting
was, how can farmers obtain a fairer share of what
their produce finally brings? It is a good thing that
this question of the 35-cent dollar cannot be kept
down. The trouble is it has been kept down too
long, while questions of economical production have
been given prominence. As we have often pointed
cut, any man who wants to learn how to produce a
large crop can he flooded with information. In many
cases he cannot use this information, because he can¬
not obtain the capital needed to work it out, hut the
energies of the college and stations and other lines of
agricultural education have been devoted almost en¬
tirely to telling farmers how to produce more. It is
but natural that farmers should now wake up and
realize that along with increased production we need
better distribution. Why go on adding 35-cent dol¬
lars to the farmer’s share and still giving the middle¬
man 65 cents? Look at it from any point you will,
and this 35-cent dollar is the greatest question now
before the people. The great volume of the money
now in the country was made out of land. Our gov¬
ernment gave away millions of acres. Some of the
increase in the value of this land has been legiti¬
mate. In other cases this increase has been public
robbery, where corporations and land grabbers stole
the public lands and captured the timber, oil and
minerals. All these vast sums of money gather in
the big cities. Year after year 65 cents of the con¬
sumer’s dollar is sent to join the rest, and this going
on for 40 years or more has drained the substance
and the character from our farmers. Thus this con¬
sumer’s dollar question gets down to the very foun¬
dation of society. This country cannot endure on a
division which gives one-third to the producer and
two-thirds to the handlers. This question will be set¬
tled just as soon as the American people realize the
size of it The way to make them realize is to
keep talking about it everywhere.
*
A spraying proposition that is new to us is reported
from the State of Washington. A written contract is
made by a horticulturist guaranteeing to keep an
apple orchard clean from the Codling moth. This
contract states that the orchard shall not contain at
harvest over 10 to 15 per cent, of wormy apples.
With this contract the horticulturist then takes charge
of the work, sprays as he thinks best and watches
the orchard thoroughly through the season. Three
or even more applications are made in fighting the
Codling worm. Not only are examination of the
trees made to find the worm, but the moth is trapped
in cages and studied so as to get an idea of what
insects outside the cages are doing. As a result of
this, orchards are reported 95 per cent, or more clean
of wormy apples. This will be new as a proposition
to most of our eastern fruit growers, but it is ap¬
parently one of the developments of Western fruit
growing. We have no doubt something of the sort
will sooner or later be attempted here. There can
he no doubt that the immense increase in fruit cul¬
ture will develop new lines of industry well suited
to many of our young men, and this is probably one
of them. *•’
Reciprocity or free trade with this country is one
of the things demanded by farmers of Western Can¬
ada. These men know what they want, but it will
be no easy thing to reconcile the local desires of the
Canadian people. For example, the coal operators of
Nova Scotia do not want free trade in coal, while
in the West American coal is greatly needed. West¬
ern Canada wants the fruit grown in Montana and
other Western States, and would favor free trade.
On the other hand, the Ontario fruit growers want
even higher tariffs on fruit. They would like to make
fruit from this country pay such a tariff that the
Western farmers would be compelled to buy from
Ontario. Certain parts of Western Canada demand
free lumber, while other sections which are well
wooded want a tariff to protect their sawmill in¬
terests. These are only a few of the tariff troubles
which the Canadian government must face in arrang¬
ing reciprocity with this country. In this country
along the Canadian border and in New England are
farmers who feel that the tariffs on hay and potatoes
give them some measure of protection in their local
market. They will make fierce objection to any
change which would let these products in free. For
example, it is claimed that the reduction of the tariff
ion Canadian cream has led to such heavy imports
that American creameries are going out of business.
The facts are that in the 11 months ending last No¬
vember there were imported from Canada 1,741,958
gallons of cream — valued at $1,401,219. During the
same period were imports of $6,743,868 worth of
cheese and $261,456 worth of butter. Most of this
cheese came from Italy and Switzerland.
*
The Interstate Commerce Commission has issued
its first report on the statistics of express companies.
These companies claimed real estate valued at $14,-
932,169.24, while their equipment cost $7,381,405.59.
They did a total business through the year of $132,-
599,190.92. They paid for “express privileges,” which
means to railroads and other carriers $64,032,126.69.
The American Express Co. alone took in $31,896,497.22
as gross receipts. This company had accumulated
$45,864,677.65 as assets, most of it in cash, stocks and
bonds. The Adams Express Company showed in
1909 assets amounting to $57,648,039.97. This com¬
pany was then represented by 120,000 shares. In 1898
and in 1907 the Adams issued $36,000,000 in bonds
to its shareholders as a means of getting rid of that
vast amount of surplus earnings. All this was in
addition to regular dividends. It was put out in this
way so that the actual rate of dividends would not
seem too large. It is shown by this report that the
express companies are all mixed up with each other
and also with the railroads. In 1909 railroad com¬
panies held stock in the express companies to the
amount of $14,124,000.00, while the express com¬
panies had $20,471,942.36 worth of railroad stock.
The Adams alone held $3,990,000 of Pennsylvania
Railroad stock. It also held stock in other express
companies to the value of $2,846,125, while the total
thus held by all express companies was $4,662,656.33.
The directors of the express companies are “inter¬
changeable” — that is, some of them are on several
different companies, and also directors of railroads.
We shall give the figures and the facts about this
until the people understand them. They must go
with parcels post and Alfalfa as fundamental things
for farmers and country people to remember. For
years this nation lias been robbed and bled by a com¬
bination of carriers that is now fighting parcels post
because they see in it the end of their grip upon
public transportation. Think of the Adams Express
Co. distributing $36,000,000 of the people’s money in
bonds — not daring to show dividends large enough to
cover the amount.
BREVITIES.
Plow in the Canada field peas, then harrow the oats.
There will be a banquet at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Feb.
24, at the eastern meeting of the State Fruit Growers.
Come and feed on food and “reason.”
The potato flea-beetle is increasing, and in some places
threatens to become as serious a pest as the Colorado
beetle. How can we fight this insect?
“I recently sent a package weighing 12 pounds to Ala¬
bama, value $1.70; paid to the express Co. (Adams) $1.75,
from Hartford,” says C. G. R., of Connecticut. That is
a good way to manufacture rabid parcels posters. We need
them.
The New York State Fruit Growers’ Association will
fight substitution in nursery trees. It is evident to us
that the average individual fruit grower has small chance
to obtain redress. If it will be fair this association has
a fine chance to help its members.
Suppose some one came and showed you how you had
money in a bank that you knew nothing about. You
would not begrudge the labor and investment needed to
obtain this sure supply of money. The chances are that
in the old wet meadow on your farm there is more money
than any bank will have for you. Drainage and lime
will enable you to bring in the legumes. Then your farm
has that title of L. L. D. !
THtC RURAb NEW-YORKER
137
1911.
NEW YORK AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The discussion at the New York State
Agricultural Society on January 17-19
clearly indicates that the farmers and
agricultural students have at last fully
wakened up to the necessity of the con¬
sideration of transportation and market¬
ing of agricultural products. More time
and consideration was given to these
subjects than to all of the other propo¬
sitions put together. As stated last
week, Governor Dix in his address gave
emphasis to the necessity of a parcels
post and the elimination of the middle¬
man’s profit. On Wednesday, Ezra
Tuttle, chairman of the committee on
marketing, transportation and griev¬
ances, made a most excellent report
along the same lines, and resolutions
were unanimously adopted favoring his
recommendation of a law to compel
houses doing commission business in
farm products in the State to take out
a license and a surety bond to insure
the faithful performance of their trust.
Recommendations also provided that a
commission house be obliged to keep a
record of the transaction, including the
name and address of the purchaser. His
recommendation for a parcels post was
also readily endorsed and the resolution
adopted to send copies of his recommen¬
dation and of the resolution signed by
the secretary and treasurer of the Asso¬
ciation to all members of Congress, in
order that these legislatures may know
the position of the New York State
Agricultural Society and its efforts at
the convention.
Besides this representatives of the
prominent railroad lines in the State
were at the convention, and several of
them made brief addresses on Wednes¬
day afternoon. This gave the shippers
present an opportunity to present some
of their grievances, which they did in a
courteous and business-like way. We
believe the representatives of these roads
began to get a new conception of the
farmer as a business man and of the
value of his trade to their companies,
and we predict that their mixing with
the representative farmers of the State
will result ultimately in greater satis¬
faction to the shippers and in greater
profits to the roads. On Wednesday
night, President Brown of the New
York Central lines favored the conven¬
tion by his presence and with an ad¬
dress. The feature of his address that
will be best remembered was probably
his statement that five stations on the
New York Central in New York State
shipped more apples than all of the
States of Oregon and Washington com¬
bined. Mr. Brown’s address was prin¬
cipally, however, devoted to the argu¬
ment that population and consumption
are increasing in this country very much
faster than production, and that there
is no escaping future starvation except
by an increased production per acre. We
were sorry Mr. Brown was not in at¬
tendance at the session next morning
when Dr. Jordan of the Geneva Experi¬
ment Station referred briefly but forci¬
bly to this feature of our economic situ¬
ation. As far as he went Dr. Jordan
expressed our feelings and showed that
we have nothing very much to fear from
starvation, provided economic conditions
should develop to such a condition that
the farmer gets a fair share of the con¬
sumer’s dollar. Farming, like other en¬
terprises, is a business proposition, and
its products are subject to economic
conditions. It is useless to talk about
the reclaiming of worn-out farms and
restoring land to fertility while land that
is already productive and in good state
of cultivation can hardly be operated at
a profit. Dr. Jordan reiterated our oft-
expressed contention that farm lands of
lower grade of fertility will come into
cultivation just as fast as economic con¬
ditions make it profitable for the culti¬
vator to take them up. This is a feature
of the case that President Brown and
many others have persistently avoided,
but it is up now and beginning to receive
consideration from both economic and
agricultural students. The argument in
a nutshell is, provide means to allow
the farmer a better share of the con¬
sumer’s dollar and extra production will
take care of itself.
Mr. Geo. K. Homer of the Bureau of
Statistics of the United States Depart¬
ment of Agriculture delivered a very
valuable address on Wednesday evening,
following President Brown. His inves¬
tigations seemed to indicate that the far¬
mer was getting 50 per cent, of the con¬
sumer’s price for general farm products,
and about 36 per cent, on vegetables.
His estimates were considerable higher
than our records here would indicate,
and at the close of his address one prom¬
inent grower reported sales for lettuce
and asparagus which would seem to in¬
dicate that he was not receiving in ex¬
cess of 15 to 20 per cent, of the con¬
sumer’s price. This is more in harmony
with our own records.
Another valuable report was made by
Mr. F. W. Sessions of Utica, N. Y., of
the committee on publicity. Mr. Ses¬
sions evidently made an extended study
of the subject consigned to his commit¬
tee, and made some very valuable sug¬
gestions, and if the appropriations for
carrying out of the work be forthcoming
he has begun a work which will be of
vast importance to the agricultural in¬
terests of the whole State.
The appointment of a committee was
also authorized to present the sentiments
of the convention and of the Society to
Governor Dix in reference to the ap¬
pointment of a Commissioner of Agri¬
culture. Prominent men in the conven¬
tion announced themselves as Democrats
in politics, but earnestly solicitous of
retaining Commissioner Pearson in the
position that he has for two years de¬
veloped and embellished. The general
sentiment throughout the farmers in at¬
tendance seemed to be that for the two
years past the affairs of the Department
have been as much out of politics as it is
possible to make it, and the unques¬
tioned sentiment was that it should re¬
main so. The convention named the
following officers for the ensuing year :
President, Raymond A. Pearson, Itha¬
ca; secretary, Edwin H. Chapman, Al¬
bany; treasurer, William B. Jones, Al¬
bany. Vice-presidents, first district,
John J. Dillon, New York; third district,
Gilbert M. Tucker, Albany; fourth dis¬
trict, George W. Sisson, Jr., Potsdam;
fifth district, W. R. Smith, Syracuse ;
sixth district, O. U. Keller, Cortland;
seventh district, Wm. C. Barry, Roches¬
ter; eighth district, A. E. Brown, Ba¬
tavia; ninth district, R. W. Rives, New
Hamburg. Executive committee : E.
Van Alstyne, Kinderhook; A. R. East¬
man, Waterville; A. Denniston, Wash-
ingtonville; E. A. Parks, Syracuse; F.
W. Sessions, Utica; Dr. Edward Moore,
Albany; T. B. Wilson, Halls Corners;
W. W. Ware, Batavia.
I ordered a fireback for my stove from
Warren, O., cost 70 cents. Express charges
to Hart, Mich, (my nearest office), were
85 cents. Needless to say I am in favor
of parcels post. G. H. m.
Walkerville, Mich.
More Express Robbery — Here is another
instance of express company. I have ex¬
perienced many. I bought last week a
small pen of young pullets from an island in
Casco Ray, at total value of $10 ; way 1)111
called for 75 pounds, crate included. By
boat to mainland at Portland they cost
20 cents; by American Express across city
to station and thence to destination, 18
miles by train they cost 75 cents more ;
total, 95 cents for 75 pounds. Here is
the point : I myself cross the city by elec¬
trics, same distance, for five cents ; thence
same train journey in comfortable, warm
car, for 38 cents, full ticket (not mileage),
or 43 cents total for 160 pounds, against
95 cents for 75 pounds of fowls. h.
Maine.
A live man in your neigh¬
borhood can create a good
business for himself by
selling our fertilizers.
They are rightly balanced
and blended to improve
both crops and soil. They
are well known and pop¬
ular, hence sell readily to
progressive farmers.
We are among the largest manufact¬
urers in the world. Our factories
never shut down.
Send for free Booklet and ask for
Agency today; address nearest office.
The American Agricultural Chemical Company
Baltimore,
Boston,
Buffalo,
Cincinnati,
Cleveland,
Detroit,
Jatksonville,
Los Angeles,
Philadelphia,
New York,
Savannah,
St. Louis.
Fifteen Years’ Service Without
Painting— Or a New Roof— That
Our Guarantee to You—
is
and the guarantee is stamped right on the
roofing itself with the year you buy it.
IT will last you much longer than that, but for
15 years we are responsible. Think of that
— lay your roof and forget it for 15 years.
No expense — no repairing — no renewing.
We don’t know the wearing possibilities of
our owu roofing. Our 25-year-old roofs are as
serviceable and look as good now as roofing
laid five years ago. We make our guarantee
15 years to be safe, but we know it is good for
twenty-five years.
DICKELMAN
EXTRA
Galvanized Metal Roofing
Is the only metal roofing made which Is so
scientifically galvanized that it can be guar¬
anteed against rust.
Only the toughest, most pliable, open-
hearth stock Is ever used. This metal Is
peculiarly porous and long-fibered, so that
when it is put Into the galvanizing pots the
liquid spelter does not veneer but penetrates
this fiber and amalgamates with the metal
base, thus protecting it forever.
Dickelman Extra is easily laid. It Is al¬
ready turned and adjusted for end locks.
All you have to do is to place together, and
you have a perfect double seam.
Try one of our samples, test It and then
test some ordinary galvanized roofing. Buy
the one which does not flake or crack. It
will be Dickelman’s. Write today for
Free Samples and Boob on Roofing
The book will show you how you can save
money on your roofing, how to lay roof¬
ing easily, how to avoid repair bills.
Your dealer will know about Dickel¬
man’s. Ask him. But let us send you
this free book and sample. W rite today.
THE DICKELMAN MFG. CO.
62 Gormley St., Forest, Ohio
pays for itself every thirty days
J CUTS I
\ THE50IL1
tUWICEfl''
Without a doubt Clark’s Double Action “Cutaway” Harrow with Jointed Pole
is a most wonderful farm tool. It cuts the soil twice, throwing it in opposite
directions, fining in tbs hollows, thus leveling the land All Single Action
Harrows have to be Driven in Half Dap.
It Is drawn by two medium horses. It can be set
to move the earth but little, or at so great an
angle as to move the earth eight or nine Inches.
Runs truein line of draft. A customer
, wrote recently that his “Cutaway"
i pays for itself every thirty days In
_ 'labor saved.
The Jointed Pole takes all weight off the horses’ necks,
aiixr *eeps fheir heels away from the disks.
We make a “Cutaway” for every crop. Every need is
ruiiy ^supplied by the different styles of genuine “Cut-
Tools. If your dealer won't supply you, we will.
Write us. ‘ Intensive Cultivation,” our new booklet, w-;- — inn^ rnona
Is free. Send a postal to-day. V' lOO* CHOPS
CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 839 Wain Street; HIGGANUNI. CONN.
FREIGHT
PREPAID
ON
“BRECO”
RUBBER
buying any roofing until you have seen and tesl
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THE BREKSE BROS. CO.^^jlootinf^Dent^^^^^riiiriiiiiatiflhfo
138
THB RURAb NEW-YORKER
February 4,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
MAKE THE BEST OF IT.
A merry heart, a merry laugh
A face with lots of sun in it,
A merry tongue with merry chaff,
And quip with lots of fun in it !
If trouble comes, and trouble will,
When others make a guest of it,
Keep on a smiling face, and still
Strive on and make the best of it.
And if the worst comes to the worst,
And life has no more zest in it,
Well, there are fewer clouds to burst,
So why not make the best of it?
Then learn to leave behind you care,
A fool but walks abreast of it,
Don’t be a victim to despair,
But always make the best of it !
— La Touche Hancock in New York Sun.
*
‘‘The Woman’s Journal” says that a
small boy living with his aunt no¬
ticed that the regular black pepper
shaker was partly filled with red pep¬
per. Turning to his aunt, he said,
with much concern: “You’d better
not eat any of that red pepper, Aunt
Harriet ; grandma says that red pep¬
per kills ants.”
*
lx making a dress of very thin and
flimsy material dressmakers often use
a strip of light flannel or broadcloth
inside the hem or skirt facing, a color
being selected that will not show
through. This gives body without add¬
ing bulk, and prevents the skirt from
flying up, as a light material has a
tendency to do.
*
A piece of stout black elastic, just
long enough to fit snugly around the
hips, finished at the ends with a strong
hook and eye, is a rainy day conven¬
ience. Pass it around the hips, but
not low enough to interfere with walk¬
ing, and pull up the skirt evenly all
around to the height desired. If prop¬
erly adjusted the skirt will “stay put,”
and the waterproof covers all. This is
very much better than pinning up a
skirt, as many women do when ob¬
liged to go out on a rainy , day.
*
Maple nougat is a delicious sauce to
serve with ice cream. Boil two cup¬
fuls of grated maple sugar, half la
cupful of cream and a walnut of butter
until thick and waxy when dropped
into cold water, then add one cupful
chopped nuts, preferably English wal¬
nuts. Pour while hot over portions
of cream ready for serving. We al¬
ways try to make ice cream occasion¬
ally when there is snow on the ground,
because it is so easy to freeze it, and
this arctic dainty is in season all the
j'ear round in a steam-heated house.
*
Among the wash fabrics now on
sale are cotton foulards at IS to 25
cents a yard, white ground with polka
dots and a handsome two-inch border
in a Persian pattern, introducing several
colors. Scotch zephyr ginghams 45
inches wide have striped borders and
cost from 35 cents a yard up; they
are as fine as silk. So many of the
new fabrics are bordered that it is
evident these trimmings are to be large¬
ly used. It is often possible to buy a
striped, check or figured percale, lawn
or gingham, and then purchase a yard
or more of another material that will
go with it to cut into stripes and use for
trimming like a border. Where a black
and white material is selected a trim¬
ming that includes a little color is often
very pretty. Many of the readymade
gingham dresses now on sale include
bandings of a plain color matching the
stripe or check. One smart little striped
gingham gown noted was made with a
tunic effect, the bottom of the skirt
having a band about two feet deep
with the stripes running around, while
the upper part of the skirt and waist
had the stripes running up and down.
Many of these dresses still have the
sleeves all in one with the bodice, the
kimono style, though fashion forecasters
says this model has run so long now
now that it is on the wane. It is
so easily made, without tiresome fit¬
ting of sleeves, that we dislike to part
with it ; however, we think it will stay
with us in children’s fashions even
after adults have discarded it.
*
A Californian housekeeper says she
does not cook prunes. She washes them
thoroughly, covers one inch deep with
tepid water, sprinkles over them what
sugar is desired, and then soaks them
from 12 to 24 hours. If the fruit is
very dry and hard it may be placed
on the warming shelf of the range
so as to keep warm while soak¬
ing. If a richer syrup is desired the
juice is drained off when the fruit
is soft, boiled down and then poured
over the fruit again. It is claimed that
this treatment makes the prunes taste
just like fresh fruit. We always soak
prunes for several hours before cook¬
ing, then simmer slowly with a slice or
two of lemon, using the water in which
they were soaked for the cooking. There
is a great difference between the well-
soaked fruit, which has much of its
lost moisture restored before cooking,
and the tough, insipid, hastily cooked
prune which is so often offered, bringing
excellent and wholesome fruit into dis¬
favor. _
On page 14 Mrs. E. W. asks how to
clean flues with zinc. This is how I do
it in a large steam boiler, and have
done it in a stove the same way: Take
a piece of zinc and just throw it in the
fire, that is in the stove, and open the
damper and draft. The zinc will then
burn up all of the soot into a very fine
ash. I do not know whether it is a
gas or a very intense heat that is pro¬
duced that destroys the soot, but it does 1
the work every time. I am answering
this query because I have read useful
things in the past, and so wish to help
others when 1 can. N. L. H.
Take the zinc only from one or two
worn-out batteries (new zinc will an¬
swer same purpose), break in pieces
as small as you can. After your fire
in stove has burned until the coal shows
a white heat, lay pieces of zinc over
the fire. Allow it to remain without
stirring until the zinc has disappeared
and the spelter found its way to bot¬
tom of grate. By this time the fumes
from the burning metal will have
reached every point of flue and by a
chemical- action destroys all soot and
leaves the flue almost as white as snow.
Above results from actual experience.
A. G. F.
ASK FOR
Be sure your dress-
[material is “worth
|making up.’
Simpson-Eddystone
Fast Hazel Brown Prints
are the brown cotton dress-
goods with cloth of supe¬
rior quality.
The experience of 65
years enables us to make
this calico in the most beau¬
tiful shade of brown abso¬
lutely unmoved by soap,
light, or perspiration. New
designs in artistic effects.
Show this advertisement to
your dealer when you order, and
don’t accept substitutes. If not
in your dealer’s stock write us
his name and address. We’ll
help him supply you.
The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philo.
FoundedA842^\^n^m£sor^r
The Improved MONITOR
MAKES IRONING EASY AND A PLEASURE
Pronounced “The World’s Best” by over 275,000
satisfied customers. No hot stove— easy io operate.
Heat regulated instantly. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
Highest in quality -lowest in price.
Highly polished and nickel plated.
ACENTS WANTED.
Write for catalogue and terms.
The Monitor Sad Iron Co.
28 Wayne St., Big Prairie, 0.
SPEAR Will Trust You
Wherever You Live— Write
For His Free Catalog
Personal
Word
The rich and
prosperous class
can always com¬
mand the lux¬
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the average
home lover needs
the Spear System
of Credit to the
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He helped us
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Spear
of
I'liisDurg
N
O matter where you live, you can buy everything needed
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taining illustrations from photographs and full des¬
criptions of thousands of articles in Furniture, Rugs,
Carpets and Home Furnishings sold by us on long time,
open account, easy credit terms.
Credit Buying Made Easy
With the aid of this Big Bargain Catalog, you can select
anythingyou want— Furniture, Carpets, Rugs, Stoves, Ranges,
Refrigerators, Sewing Machines, Baby Carriages, Go-Carts,
Silverware, Dishes, Phonographs, Washing Machines, Clocks,
etc., — to a greater advantage than if you were to visit
personally even the largest city stores; because we offer
?ou not only a vastly largeriand better stock to choose
rom, but your selections are made at home after consult¬
ing yonr family and without suggestions from clerks who
may seek to influence you.
Pay When Convenient
Your credit is good with us. Why not use it?
Under our liberal, open account, easy payment plan
you can have every possible advantage in buying for
mnr homo possessed by the most favored and well-
„o-do-8hopper in the city stores. Our credit sys¬
tem is extended to honestpeople, everywhere, re¬
gardless of their income. You need not deny your¬
self any article of household comfort or luxury on
account of a lack of ready cash. Select what you
want from our Catalog, pay a little cash down and
a little each month.
Our Prices Are The Lowest
Plymouth Range
$3.75 Down
The range that has caused
•uch a sonsation and ere*
ated so much talk.
I
Only S2.25 Down and
SI. OO Par Month
While our credit terms are the most liberal in the
country, yet our prices are the lowest.
This is because of our immense purchas¬
ing power and onormous volume of sales.
We buy goods in such vast quantities
that we secure better prices than would
be possible to smaller concerns, am!
by extending our business to tens of
thousands of customers all over the
country, we can afford to accept just
one small added profit from each sale.
We allow no store or factory on earth
to undersell us. Get our prices and
be your own judge of whether or not wo
save you from 20 to 50 per cent on your
home furnishings.
Brussels Rugs,
ex i2-$i i.es
and up
Price $4.95
Terms 75c Casb
With Order - - -
Balance 50c Payable Monthly Write For Free Catalog Today
SPEAR & COMPANY, Department 19MM Pittsburg, Pa.
Take A Month To Decide
Anything you select from
our Bargain Catalog will
be shipped on approval.
Keep the goods 30 days,
then decide to buy or re¬
turn at our expense. If you
aro not fully satisfied, tho
goods may be shipped back
to us at our expense and your
first payment and freight
charges refunded you.
Big Rocker Bargain
A large, comfortable, solid oak \
Rocker with high, wide back, fully
tufted and buttoned with heavy
ruffled edge. Seat is large and \
roomy, upholstered with hign-grado
black Sylvan leather over full steel
spring construction, and has a beautifully ruf¬
fled edge to match back. Construction is solid
golden oak throughout, with high gloss golden
finish. Arms are wtde, front posts of handsome
design. Satisfaction guaranteed or money back.
HOUSEWORK HALVED
By Syracuse “EASY” Utilities
SOLD ON TRIAL
Syracuse “ EASY ” Vacuum Washer cleans completely a tubful of clothes, coarse
or delicate, in 10 minutes of easy effort. Heat water right in rust proof steel tub. No
swinging of clothes or water. Works like a cistern pump. Sold on 30 days' trial.
Syracuse “EASY” Vacuum Cleaner, hand or electric, most satisfactory
on market. Gets all the dirt without raising dust. Easy to operate. Very
durable and efficient. Send for free booklet and Trial Order Form.
DODGE & ZUILL, 224D Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
RANGER’’ BICYCLES
Have imported roller chains, sprockets and
pedals ; New Departure Coaster-Brakes and
Hubs; Puncture Proof Tires; highest grade
equipment and many advanced features pos¬
sessed by no other wheels. Guaranteed jyrs.
FACTORY PRICES arce.Ccss0«L°nU
others ask for cheap wheels. Other reliable
models from $12 up. A few good second¬
hand machines $3 to $8.
10 DAYSTREE TRIALS
provnl , freight prepaid, anywhere in U. S.,
without a cent in advance. DO NOT BUY a
bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any
price until you get our big new catalog and
special prices and a marvelous new offer,
A postal brings everything. Write it now .
TIDCC Coaster Brake Rear Wheels, lamps,
I 111 tw parts, and sundries half usual prices .
Rider Agents everywhere are coining money selling our bi¬
cycles, tireS and sundries. Write today,
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept. W80» CHICAGO
// //. Aladdin MANTLE Lamp
\JM BURNS KEROSENE (Coal Oil)
Produces powerful, white, more brilliant
light than city gas, gasolene or electricity-
simple, noiseless, odorless, clean, safe, dur¬
able— complete success — recognized
world’s standard. Fully Guaranteed.
T. H. BALL, California, SOLD 850
On money back guarantee— not one returned.
C . E. Kramer made $700 In 60 days. Complete line
of lamps and chandeliers for homes, offices and public places.
Ask nearest office for agency proposition or how to get lamp free
MANTLE LAMP CO. OF AMERICA, Dept
Chicago, Portland, Ore., Waterbury, Conn., Winnipeg, Montreal, Canada.
FROM KEROSENE
>COAL OIL)
A FLOOD OF LIGHT
For Best EXTENSION LADDER at »rce*
JOHN J. I'OTTKK.li Mill St.. Binghamton, N. Y.
Be One of the 8,000,000
Today there are 8,000,000 people who will have no
other Rubber Boots or Arctics than the famous “Ball-
Band” goods. They know that in no other rubber
footwear is there the same combination of durability
and comfort.
BALL ft BAND
We have built up this enormous business simply by giving a little
better boot than anybody else thought was possible for the money.
True, we have sacrificed profits to do this. But we have built up a
host of satisfied customers that competition cannot touch— and it’s
growing all the time.
From top to toe, inside and out, “Ball-Band” rubber footwear
the best materials and the best workmanship that
money can buy.
45,000 dealers sell them. Some sell other kinds,
too, so insist on seeing the red “Ball-Band” trade¬
mark.
If your dealer can’t supply you, write us, men¬
tioning his name, and we will see that you are fitted.
MISHAWAKA WOOLEN MFG. CO., Mishawaka, Ind.
“The House That Pays Millions for Quality ”
(44)
It'll;
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
13©
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired .
The walking skirt that is made in
many gores, cut to fit closely above the
knee but to flare a little at the lower
portion, is a new and satisfactory one.
This model can be made either with in¬
verted plaits or habit back. It will be
found appropriate for all materials that
are heavy enough to be made in tailored
6848 Eleven Gored Skirt,
22 to 32 waist.
style. The skirt is cut in 11 gores which
are shaped to flare slightly to about
flounce depth. When habit back is de¬
sired the back gores are cut off on in¬
dicated lines. The quantity of material
required for the medium size is 9$4
yards 21, 27 or 36 inches wide, 4J4
yards 44 _ when material has figure or
nap, but if there is neither up nor down
5 yards 36 inches wide will suffice. The
width of the skirt at the lower edge is
2J4 yards when made with habit back,
2f4_ yards when made with inverted
plaits. The pattern No. 6846 is cut in
sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 inch
waist measure ; price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures include 6886,
fancy waist for misses’ and small
women, 14, 16 and 18 years. yards
of material 21 inches wide, 1J4 yard 36
or 44, % yard of all-over lace, l/2 yard
of velvet, for 16 year size. 6897, fancy
waist, 34 to 42. 3 yards of material 21
or 27 inches wide, 2 yards 36, 1^4 yard
44 inches wide, with % yard 20 inches
wide for girdle, /2 yard of all-over
lace, 2 yards .of wide banding, 2% yards
narrow banding to make as illustrated, !
1 yard of all-over lace to make high
neck and long sleeves, for medium size.
6902, girl’s apron, 6 to 12 years, 2%
yards 27 inches wide, 1^4 yard 36 inches
wide, . 2?4 yards embroidery, 3^4 yards
insertion, for 10 year size. 6885, house
jacket, 34 to 44 bust. 4J4 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 3 yards 36, 2 x/>
yards 44, y2 yard of silk for bands, for
medium size. 6888, four-piece skirt for
misses’ and small women, with high or
natural waist line, 14, 16 and 18 years.
43/j yards of material 27 inches wide,
354 yards 36, 2^4 yards 44, for 16 year
size. Price of each pattern 10 cents.
Canning Beef.
The following recipe for canning beef
is one we have tried three years and
have found it superior to all others. All
who have tested it pronounce it best. It
was contributed by “T. W. B.” to “Wal¬
lace’s Farmer” :
Cut beef into small enough pieces to
go into glass jars. Without washing
it or adding water to it, salt and pepper
it as you pack it, and can as soon after
being butchered as possible. Put boards
on the bottom of wash boiler, set the
jars in, with lids laid loosely on top of
jars, fill boiler with cold water to within
two-thirds of the top of the jars. Let
boil several hours, depending on the
quality of beef ; three hours is usually
enough. Then set boiler back for a few
minutes and take jars out, put on rub¬
bers, and seal tightly. Always use good
lids and new rubbers. Suet may be
rendered and poured over the top of
meat before sealing, thus making it
doubly secure. 1. m. c.
Dyeing Carpet
Can. ingrain carpet be dyed to any color
desired and what dye is used?
MRS. c. D.
It is quite possible to dye carpets;
several housekeepers described the way
they had done it in The R. N.-Y. a few
years ago, using some of the reliable
packet dyes for wool sold by druggists.
The dye was kept hot and applied to
the carpet with a stiff brush, the carpet
itself being separated into breadths and
laid over a table. One woman used a
small sink brush with a handle. An¬
other tacked a rug flat on a storeroom
floor and applied tire dye with a long-
handled scrubbing brush, giving two ap¬
plications of dye. Three days were al¬
lowed to elapse between the two dyeings,
so that the rug, which was a thick
one, dried out well. A Brussels carpet,
dyed in this way, was allowed to dry
thoroughly; then a damp cloth was laid
over it and it was ironed with a hot
iron to bring up the pile, after which
a good brushing with a whisk broom
finished it. In each case the persons
operating followed the packet instruc¬
tions as to making and fixing the dye;
one says that while using the dye she
kept it hot on a little oil stove. An¬
other tells of a neighbor who dyed un¬
desirable stripes in a rag carpet by
stretching it on a barn floor and apply¬
ing dye with a stiff brush to the stripes
she wished to change. It will be noted
that all these experimenters applied the
dye with a brush. To dip a carpet would
be impossible under home conditions,
though this is done by professional
dyers.
^ugs.Carpets.Curtains.^lanKets
From the
Mill
We Puv
Freight
— — - . j prices save you
dealers’ profits. li e give a binding
guarantee of satisfaction and save
V on its 1-* per cent- You can
buy the well-known Regal Rug,
6x9 ft .reversible, all woolfinish,at ___
$8.f5. QnrUrtmelnRiir.tiiSft, HfllB
greatest value known,* 1.85. Splendid grade B . .
■els Rug, 9x12 ft., *1
Famous In vinelbleV,
vets. 9x12 ft., *lfl. Star
dard Axm lusters, »xl
ft.,* 18.50, Fineqnal
ty l.aee Curtains 46c pe
pair and up. Tapes tr
Cortai ns, W llion Itugi
UnolenmsalM 111 price
Write ta-day lor our NE1
ILLUSTRATED CATALOC
No. 14. Sent free. Shows la
eat designs in actual colors.
UNITED MILLS MFC. CO
M51-24E2 JUKI ST., nnu
You can paper 2 rooms
absolutely free
Have you three rooms that need
papering 1 Buy your papers from
us— we'll save you half the cost,
and show you how easily any man
orhandy woman at home can hang
and save labor expense, too.
You can beautify three rooms for
what one has cost yon before.
Send for free Spring sample-book
and instructions today.
Penn Wall Paper Mills,
Dept. F
' Philadelphia j
Bronchial Troches
will stop that cough. Carry them in your pocket
and use them all day whenever needed, without
inconvenience. They are safe and effectual.
Entirely free from opiates and noted for their
prompt action.
Price, 25c, 50c and $1.00. Sample free
John I. Brown & Son _ _ Boston, Mass.
TRAVELING
For tlioso who have from 300 ft. to 1% miles to go fori
their mail. Easily placed on telephone poles or 2i4’s
| fastened, to fence posts. The 1
OAKWOOD MAIL CARRIER
Made entirely of metal. Ball-bearing pulleys. Sold
on thirty days’ trial. Wi ite for book “Getting the Mail."
Oakwood Mfg. Co. 47 Stanton Ave. Springfield, Ohio.
Join the Million Women
Who Know the Blessings of the Kitchen Cabinet
The Hoosier Kitchen
Cabinet gives yon
more for your money
than any other cabi¬
net. Notice how
much MORE goes
with the Hoosier
with NO EXTRA
CHARGE:
Metal flour bin with
sliding glass panel and
removable sifter. Bin
holds 65 pounds. Self¬
feeding metal sugar
bin. When a scoopful
Is taken out the same
quantity drops down.
Six crystal glass spice
cans with aluminum
lids. Crystal glass tea
and coffee jars with
aluminum lids. Hoo-
eler patent “clock-
face” want list. Great
big aluminum sliding
work table, larger and
higher than a kitchen
table. White wood
cutting board for
bread and meat. Metal
bread and cake box.
Plate racks, sliding
shelf, big cupboard,
largecompartmentfor
pots and pans, cutlery
drawer, linen drawer,
handy hooks, copper
door fasteners and
drawer pulls.
The cabinet is
Inches high and 40
inches wide. The depth
of the lower section Is
28 inches. The cabi:
net is on pressed steel
ball-bearing caster's.
“Saves Miles of Steps for Tired Feet”
One million women in the United States have kitchen cabinets in their homes
today. Four hundred thousand of these women — nearly one-half the total mil¬
lion — have the Hoosier Kitchen Cabinet.
•i 7'e,n.‘s thousands of these Hoosiers are in farm kitchens, where they prove
their biggest economy as time savers and work savers.
Seven out of every ten Hoosier Cabinets are sold on the recommendation of
satisfied users. This we know from actual reports from licensed Hoosier agents.
Women tell us the Hoosier actually solves the help problem, reducing the kitchen
work as much as one hired helper would.
. When hundreds of thousands of women find the Hoosier such a blessed relief
it is unthinkable that you should try to keep house without it.
Hoosier Cabinet
One DoHar a Week Puts This Cabinet in Your Kitchen
The Hoosier saves you the countless steps
you now have to take from the kitchen
table to the pantry— and to and from the
shelves and hooks. It saves you from reach¬
ing to high shelves. It saves you from the back
breaking 6train of stooping over barrels and
bins. It saves you the whole bother of assem¬
bling a dozen things for your work. It brings the
kitchen utensils and materials to your finger tips.
Here in one spot 40 inches wide you have nine-
tenths the articles you use in baking and cook¬
ing. Write us and we will send you odr FREE
ILLUSTRATED CABINET BOOK. We will
also tell yon where you can see the Hoosier.
In nearly every community there is a licensed
H-oosier agent. The merchant who has the
Hoosier Licensed Sign in his window is a good
mantoknow. Write for the cabinet book today.
Mr. Husband:
You have riding plows and man;
_ . _ iy I
mentis to make your work easy. Ha
farm imple-
.... - - . - -Lave you ever
thought that your wife should have a step-Raver
for BLEB work? Tho cd d-time kitchen table in ns
far out of date as the walking plow. The Hoo-
sier Kitchen Cabinet saves as much labor in the
kitchen as the riding plow saves in the field.
Write us NOW for our Kitchen Cabinet Book, and learn
how happy you can make your wife with the Hoosier.
Hoosier Manufacturing Co.
12 Rich St.
_ rap New Castle, lnd.
World** Largest Makers of Kftciion Cabinets
kook for This Sign of the Licensed Hoosier Agent— a Good Man to Know
THE' BEST' LIGHT
Makes and burns its own gas and
produces a pure white, steady,
sale, 100 candle power light. . No
wick, smoke, dirt, grease or odor.
THE BEST LIGHT CO.
401 K. 5th St., Canton, «•
Ann Arbor Lighting
Systems are brighter - - - ___
than gas, steadier and Clearer than
eleetne light, and cost about one.
tenth ns much to operate. Each
lamp gives 300 to 500 candle power
for less than $4 cent per hour. Fuel
*• gasoline; perfectly safe.
We make Complete Llfht*
In* System for Homei,
Churches, Stores, Etc.
Price $10 up, according te number
of lamps desired. We make inverted
ares especially adapted for uce is
stores, halls, factories, etc.
WE JVAXT who win push onr
AGEST8 line. Special term,
to those who write early. Catale.
and prices on request
SUPERIOR nPO. CO.
305 (fetus SI., Aon Arbor, Mich,
Electric Lights make the brightest, safest,
cleanest and most reliable lighting system
known for farms and country homes. Tbe
Dayton Electric Lighting Outfits are low in
cost, easy to install, cost almost nothing to
operate. Give you better lights than most city
people enjoy. Write today for complete illus¬
trated catalog showing outfits, fixtures, etc. 9-
DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. OO.
231 8t. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
Don’t Pay Tribute to a Trust
High Grade Rubben
BLHKKLi BEACON FALLS
CENTURY BOOTS
"v . - P LI, . » ■ ■ 4 ■ _ _ _ _ a « « m . —
NO
SHODDY
WrmhydteoplellShi:rkIu,Worabber in world- They’re made on
thohiyhust l-rade rubber into the best quality of canvas duck
anklet - A , a precautio?
I1°t fas* to tell a good rubbeT boot
o^en^i? v^d^m even the dealer gets fooled occasionally. More
mSv* & Stocking ™ ™Ptat?.°n to what looks like a little “easy
.Rooking up on a “cheaper” article on the representation of
some smooth salesman that “It’s just as good” as the Century Whv tuke
Cbaeke«d bv Tea™ of f?5>ul,tfu* quality when you can have Century Boots,
fjf” cesu’ no greater cost ? It has paid thousands
Font?™!. kwving the Century. Beacon Falls Rubber
, ‘tv car is always the best for the money”— best for wear— best
. for style and fit. Ask your dealer for it, and
if he can’t supply you. write us, giving his
name, and we will see that you are fitted
out. Illustrated booklet free. [l]
The Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co. 1
New York Chicago II foils
Boston _
" Ca
140
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 4,
Live Stock and Dairy
COWS WITH OR WITHOUT FREEDOM.
I would like to know whether it is better
to keep milch cows and heifers in the stable
during the Winter, except for the actual
time required for them to drink, or to
give them several hours in a warm yard
with southerly exposure, and with the op¬
portunity to run under a barn that is kept
free from manure and is clean, and with
litter for them to lie upon, water being ac¬
cessible for them to drink any time, latere
are no drinking conveniences in the stable
mangers. The cattle have been used to
spending some six hours a day in fair
weather in this yard and under said barn,
and have seemed to thrive. That they enjoy
the liberty 1 do not question, but as I ap¬
pear to be the only person in the community
to follow this course with cows and young
stock, I have often wondered if this way
was the best. The cattle seem hardy, and
I chiefly query whether the milk yield
is as large as it would be if the cattle
were tied in stanchions, except when turned
out to drink. The yield of milk is satis¬
factory. The water they drink is under
cover, and is drawn or rather flows from
a driven Well. It rarely freezes in the
trough, and at most but lightly. o. n.
Up in northern Vermont the usual
Winter weather is very severe, and we
have to regulate our dairy practice ac¬
cordingly. There may be some days
when cows could be turned loose in a
protected yard without suffering from
the cold, but such days are not the
rule. A cow is something of a creature
of habit. She gets used to a certain
routine, and it has been my own experi¬
ence that she will register her disap¬
proval of any change in this routine by
a decrease in her milk How. If the
weather averaged to be such that the
cows could be turned out a few hours
each day to exercise and take the air I
should prefer such a practice, but since
such are not our conditions we let the
cows out into the yard morning and
night for water. If the day is cold we
let them back into the barn as soon
as they are through drinking, while if
the day is warm we allow them to stay
out a little longer, but not long enough
to vary the regular procedure, to any
great extent. We have an abundance
of light in the stable, however, and the
King system of ventilation keeps the
air in good condition. Our cows are
pretty uniformly health}1', and we are
able to make our best milk records in
Winter when this method is followed.
E. S. BRIGHAM.
Our cows are watered in the stable
and kept tied in the stable most of the
time during the Winter. We have a
protected yard on the south side of the
stables where we occasionally turn
them out for an hour or so on bright
warm days. We keep an accurate ac¬
count of the milk, and I have repeatedly
noticed that even under these condi¬
tions the cows fall off in the milk yield
when turned out for the exercise. We
pocket the temporary loss of milk, how¬
ever, on the theory that in the long run
the cows are the better for the exer¬
cise and airing. This is only a theory,
and we have no figures to prove it.
Anyway 1 like to see them shake their
tails and heads and act as though they
enjoyed being alive once in a while. I
am- satisfied that the practice of turning
cattle out in the Winter in all kinds of
weather is a very expensive one espe¬
cially for milch cows. Our bulls run
all Winter in a yard and open shed,
and keep in perfect condition, and I do
not know that I can prove that they re¬
quire any more feed than they do when
tied in the stables.
J. H. PUTNAM.
Litchfield Co., Conn.
In regard to exercise for the cows,
our practice is to let them out for a
short time every pleasant day while we
are cleaning out the stables and put¬
ting in new bedding. The cows are
watered in the barn ; we have the iron
buckets, but they are not satisfactory,
as the pipes are very apt to clog up
and become foul, so in the new barn
we shall water them in the cement
mangers. Our young stock drinks at
a brook near by. Neither the old nor
young stock seem to care to stay out
long, being usually ready to come in
as soon as the stables are ready. Our
barnyard is on the south side of the
buildings, but there is no shelter for
the stock. I should think that would
make a lot of ' extra work in keeping
it clean, besides wasting bedding which
might be used to better advantage in
the stable. We think the cows need
the exercise and change of air but can
see no advantage in leaving them out
for any great length of time.
ELMER F. B0DURTHA.
Massachusetts.
AILING ANIMALS.
Catarrh in Dog.
I have a dog that sneezes and has a very
disagreeable discharge from his nose. He
lias had it about three months and grows
slowly worse. lie has every symptom of
catarrh. Can you tell me what to do for
him? i m.
Hot the dog live out of doors as much
as possible and see that he is well fed,
but not fattened. Give him a tablespoon¬
ful of emulsion of cod liver oil and 20
drops of elixir of calisaya, iron and
strychnine twice daily. As required
syringe out nostrils with a lukewarm solu¬
tion of one teaspoonful of baking soda
(bicarbonate of soda) in a pint of water.
Ringworm.
I have a cow with spots on her body
where the hair comes off, and the skin
seems to be covered with a white scale
which looks like dandruff. The hair pulls
off ; after the hair is out a thin scab
forms over the spots. It does not seem
to itch much; at times she licks the spots.
I am greasing the spots with a mixture
of sulphur and lard, and they look better ;
it takes off all the scabs, and they seem
to be doing better, but still others appear.
What causes it, also what is it called/ Is
it contagious? J- c.
The disease is ringworm and due to a
vegetable parasite. It is contagious, and
may also spread to the human hands. It
will be necessary to clean up, disinfect,
ventilate and sun-light the barn, as well
as applying a coat of whitewash. The
ringworm parasite lives on the walls and
woodwork of a damp, badly-ventilated dark
stable, and will reinfect animals stabled
there. Much parasites, and almost all
germs of disease, burglars, hold-up men
and wicked people, love the dark and hate
the light. Make all the dark places of
the world light. Let a lot of sunshine in —
into the houses, and stables and pens—
into the hearts and souls of men — and
there will be far less sickness, sorrow and
crime. Scrub and scrape each affected
part and when dry rub in a little iodine
ointment. Repeat the application each
other day until the skin is sound.
Heifer With Cough.
I have a beautiful heifer 27 months old,
with a calf over three weeks old. The
heifer has a cough. She is in fine condi¬
tion, does not seem to be ailing in any
way. What do you think can be done for
her? The calf is a line thrifty one.
Maryland. w- K-
Cough often Is a symptom of tubercu¬
losis, but less likely to be due to that dis¬
ease in a young heifer than in an old cow.
Still no one can tell what is the cause by a
simple examination. Tuberculosis may be
the cause and yet no manifestation of the
disea.se be present. It, therefore, always is
well to test with tuberculin to make sure
one way or another. Such a test is re¬
liable and absolutely harmless to an unaf¬
fected animal. In young cattle lung worm*
(strongylus micrurus) often cause cough, and
they tend to throw off the trouble as they
gain in age and strength, provided they are
well fed. The worms or their eggs may be
found in the saliva or discharge from nose
and mouth. A veterinarian can give suc¬
cessful treatment by hypodermic .injection
into the trachea (windpipe). For cough
glyco-heroin in ounce doses two or three
times daily will be found to give relief.
Unnerving.
Will you inform fe whether nerving will
stop a horse from going lame for all
time? Cause of lameness ringbone. Will
a horse lose his foot in a short time after
being nerved? c. H. T.
Massachusetts.
Unnerving usually proves a permanent re¬
lief for lameness due to ringbone, if it is
properly done by an expert. Where the
portion' of nerve removed is too short union
or a tumor may follow and lameness re¬
turn. Sloughing of the hoof is compara¬
tively rare as a result of unnerving. It
may happen if the foot is diseased at time
of operation, or if a nail prick or other in¬
jury occurs after unnerving. It commonly
follows unnerving in the mule. The opera¬
tion should only be performed when a
fore foot is involved. For ringbone lame¬
ness of the hind foot have puncture-firing
and blistering done by a qualified veterin¬
arian. A. S. A.
SUNSHINE
AND
Scott’s Emulsion
are the two great creators of
energy. You can get along
without Scott’s Emulsion if
you have enough sunshine,
but for the millions who
don’t get much sunshine,
Scott’s Emulsion
is absolutely necessary.
You can always get Scott’s
Emulsion. Get sunshine,
too, whenever you can.
Millr iif'apc for New "\orlc C ity market
lull it riuuutcia desiring information liow to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albkut Manning, Otisville, N. Y.
SHROPSHIRES
breeding right.
— 100 yearling ewes; 40
_ yearling rams. Price and
FRED VAN VLKET. LODI, N.Y.
COLLIE PUPS
—From imported stock. Females
cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City. Pa.
D
CATTUE
LWflf, HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are usod in this herd that it is possildo to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI AN ASSN OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON, SEC1 Y, BOX 105. BRATTLEBORO.VT.
L To Avoid Inbreeding, We Will Sell Our
HERD BULL
AMERICA DE Tv O L BURKE.
A great son of the great De Kol Burke.' It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree.
Also, four months Bull Calf for sale
€1.0 VEI5P ALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C, S. Irunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
DAIRY CALVES— Several choice high-grade Holstein
and Guernsey Bull Calves, 3 to 4 weeks old, $15
each, crated to ship anywhere. Also registered
bulls of each breed. Edgewold Farm, Whitewater, Wis.
TTUVI? CAT I? HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES
-FYAIV k3Yvl-/Il/ sired by Kiog Pontiac But¬
ter Boy C.2729, a grandson of 'Heugerveld De Kol,
and whose dam has 25.08 lbs. in seven days and
] ‘10.07 lbs. In thirty days; Jr., three old, and from
fine large A. B. O. cows. From $25 up. OSWEGO
ltlVEK STOCK FARMS, Phoknix, N. Y.
LV.” Fern’s Jubilee No. 73852
A. J. 0. C., is one of the best butter bred bulls
in the world, investigate. Then order one of his
young sons before it is too late. Nothing over three
months old on hand at present. Address
J GRANT MORSE, -:- Laurel Farm, -;- Hamilton, N. Y.
Breed Up-Not Dowr^r^'S
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. R. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Eureka Stock FanrSfiffiS. ,WuK?5
years old. Chester White, Poland China and
Berkshire Pigs. Scotch Collie Pups and a variety
Of poultry. Send two-cent stamp for circular.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Pa.
MAPLE HURST STOCK FARMS, Guilford, Conn., offer lor
sale 4 Jersey Bull Calves eligible for registry,
7 Guernsey Bull Calves eligible to registry. Jer¬
seys headed by Hood Farm Pogis, Guernseys headed
by imnorted Fantine's Zac Taylor. Splendid
specimens of both breeds. Four magnificent Berk¬
shire Boar Pigs eligible to registry. Sired by Hood
Farm Rex and dam Hood Farm Dinah. Also 20
8 weeks old Chester White Pigs. One 11 months
old Chester White Boar. 20 s.ngle and double
comb R. I. Red Cockerels, Tuttle strain. The
above stock is guaranteed and the price Is right.
GUERNSEY BULLS For SALE
If you wish to purchase a high-class Guernsey
Bull of good Adv. It. breeding, write to
OTTO W. POST, Ensknore, N. Y.
— Combination and Golden Lad; for
sale, 2 cows, 7 heifers, 3 bulls.
S. E. NIVIN, Landenburg, Pa.
: SWI3NTE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . , AT REASONABLE PRICES , . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
I ARGE BERKS HIRES AT HIGHWOOD-m
each of the last three volumes of American Berkshire Kecord
we sold ami registered more Berkshire** thau any other breeder
in the United States. The large proportion went to old custom,
ers. This speaks for itself. 1LC. & II. It. Harpendlng, Dundee, N.Y-
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. ^ze„0^
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson’s Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Sows ltred for spring farrow. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires, C. Whites.
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
Pups, Beagles and Poultry. Write for
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Middletown, Pa
SOMETHING NICE— Duroc. Jersey Swine, Partrilge
and Golden Rock Chickens, Bourbon Red
Turkeys, Embden Geese, Crested White Ducks.
J. H. LEWIS, R. No. 2, Cadiz. Ohio.
PHELDON
O Bred
FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y.
THE BIG, DEEP FELLOWS
_ _ _ that grow and mature quickly.
Pigs and Gilts for sale at all times.
SH P. NANDO RIVER FARMS. Transfer. Pa.
DUROCS
purCUIRCO— THE WHITE, BACON HOG.
ontoninco Long-bodied. Square-built, good
grazers, good mothers, gentle, profitable.
MORNING SIDE FARM, Sylvania, Pa.
Reduce That Feed Bill
Increase your milk supply at tlie
same time by feeding Dried Brewers
Grains and Malt Sprouts. Send for
our valuable descriptive booklet on
Points for Stock Feeders.
Farmers Feed Co.,
76th St. East River, New York City.
L?
THE PERCHERON SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Has just increased its capital stock to
$100,000. 10,000 shares of $10 each. 3.000
shareholders, Nov. 28, 1910. 100 breeders
have taken membership since Dec. 1st.
Ninety-five per cent of the Percheron
breeders of America record with the
Percheron Society. * * # * *
Information pertaining Percherons furnished. Address
WAYNE DINSMORE, Secretary,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, III.
ERCHERON
STALLIONS and MARES
Imported and home-bred. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 30 years an Importer and breeder of prize winners.
E L W O O D S . AKIN
170 South Street. _ Auburn, N. Y.
KENTUCKY MAMMOTH JACKS, JEN¬
NETS and SADDLE HORSES.
Wo are the Largost Breeders in America of Mam¬
moth Jacks. Hampshire and Tamworth hogs. Stock
of all ages for sale. J. F. COOK 8 CO., Lexington, Ky.
For Sale or Exchange-^™
old .TACK, nose and breast mouse color, 15bi hands
high: weighs about 950 lbs. Will sell or exchange
for registered Holstein cattle or registered Shet¬
land pony mares, or Percheron stallion.
S. H. ROBISON, 814 Walnut St., Philadelphia.
On Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
OU at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station. East Orwell, O..
on Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
To Avoid Inbreeding
We Will Sell Our Pure-Bred Suffolk Stallion
Horses and Mules
it,
9 9
He stands 16 hands, seven years old, sound, kind,
gentle, and will work in auy spot or place. This is
a tried sire and his col's can be seen in thi6 entire
section of Virginia. Weight, 1,1100. Price, $1,200,
delivered at your station in New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania or Maryland. F. W. OKIE, Proprie¬
tor Piedmont Farms, Marshall, Ya.
SWI3XTE
BERKSHIRE OR. DUROC PIG given for a
PENNA. BERK
your tm
SHIRE
CO.
PIG
Stamp for particulars.
Fannettsburg, Pa.
lbs-9IToirfhs
Jersey Reds fatten easily 8 quickly.
bmall-honed, loug-hodied, vigorous
Sc prolific. Meat unsurpassed. Have
some choice offerings now. Writ©
for catalog and prices. Arthur J.
Box K, MoorePtown.N.J-
PUBLIC SAUK OF
CHESHIRE SWINE
THE NEW YORK STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
AT ITHACA, N. Y., will sell about
Thirty Young Boars, Sows and Bred Sows
from its prize- winning herd on
FRIDAY of FARMERS’ WEEK, Feb. 24th
At 2 o’clock P. M.
Also, at the same time and place,
5 Holstein Cows & Heifers and 5 Bull Calves
from A. R. O. stock, and
Three Jersey Bull Caives
Catalogue ready Feb. 10th. Address
L2PARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. ITHACA, N. Y.
Contains Full information and complete Feeding directions For using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
Mo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in I80ff.
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
I'll 1.
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER
14t
COW BARN VENTILATION.
My cow barn is 86 feet long ; 86 feet of it
is 26 feet wide, the rest IS) feet. It holds
25 cows in one straight row ; windows six
lights, 8 x 12 inches, on each side. On
how many windows shall I substitute cloth
to insure good ventilation without making
barn too cold? Barn is sided with one
thickness of matched stuff. Also, would it
be advisable to put two thicknesses of cloth
with an air space of one inch between to
prevent too much draft in windy weather?
Barn is in an exposed place. n. s.
Falls Village, Conn.
Your barn seems to be well supplied
with windows, so it will not be neces¬
sary to add any more. I would sug¬
gest that you substitute cloth on 12
windows, each of which contains about
four square feet of surface. This would
give you 48 square feet of cloth ven¬
tilators, or about two square feet for
each cow. The proper way to arrange
this system of ventilation is to put the
cloth in every other window on the
south and east sides until you have
about three-fourths of the cloth on
these two sides. This leaves but one-
fourth of the cloth, or enough for
about three windows on the exposed
northeast side. This should be distributed
along the side and not placed close to¬
gether. It would be advisable to use
double thickness of cloth or one thick¬
ness of a heavier grade in the three
windows on the exposed northeast side
only. You should have about half of
the cloth placed so you can open or
close the window on the inside if neces¬
sary. This becomes necessary very
rarely, as in case of a blizzard, which
might force too much air in the barn
when in an exposed location. You
should keep the temperature of your
stable at about 45 degrees F., which
equires very little attention on the part
if the attendant, as this system of ven¬
tilation works automatically and causes
no draughts. c s. c.
Eczema in Pigs.
We have tive young pigs running together.
They have a nice large room in barn, open¬
ing out into a large barnyard, where they
have plenty of green feed and exercise ; are
fed three times a day on warm mashes of
stock feed, and shorts and skim-milk ; have
clean water by them at all times. They
have good aDpetites and seem to be feeling
line except they are continually scratching
themselves and one of the best has a very
unhealthy looking skin, all rough, scaly and
dirty looking. She scratches until she gets
the skin all off and the flesh raw in places.
There are two little Berkshires, and they
are beginning to scratch too, and have the
same rough look coming on their sides. Can
you tell me of something to do for them?
Massachusetts. B. f. g.
Stop feeding warm mashes and stock
food. Feed lightly on skim-milk, adding
middlings, bran, oatmeal (screened) and a
little flaxseed meal and salt. Add lime-
water at rate of one ounce per quart of
Slop. Dip pigs in a warm 1-100 solution
of coal tar dip and scrub it in with a
brush. Repeat as required. See that beds
are dry and clean. a. s. a.
also has a hacking cough. 2. What is best
to destroy worms in horses? d. s. a.
North Carolina.
1. As often stated here heaves is incur¬
able. Indigo water gives temporary relief,
and that is about all that can be expected.
Fowler’s solution of arsenic in half ounce
doses twice a day and then three times a
day usually proves soothing. At the same
time hay should not be fed. Feed grass in
Summer and wet oat straw in Winter. Feed
no bulky food at noon and allow twice the
usual rest period before working after a
meal. It is important to keep the bowels
freely open, and for that purpose it is well
to feed bran and now and then to adminis¬
ter raw linseed oil. 2. Feeding raw pota¬
toes tends to clear the worms out of the
intestinal tract. Dried sulphate of iron
(copperas) is the favorite remedy. The dose
is from one to two drams twice daily in
the feed it may be combined with dram
doses of flowers of sulphur, salt and ground
gentian root. Give it for one week ; then
skip 10 days and repeat. Omit the iron for
mare in foal. A. s. a.
Loss of Calves.
We have recently lost three yearling
Short-horn calves apparently by the same
disease. They stand around stupid ami
dull, refuse to eat for a few days, and die.
We examined them, and they were all alike,
very thin, seemed all right but the gall,
which was enlarged very much and in¬
flamed. Is there any cure for this if taken
at the first symptoms, or is it contagious?
They were in line condition, and on good
pasture. n. b. c.
Pennsylvania.
You do not state age of affected calves,
nor are the symptoms clear enough to allow
of a diagnosis being made without an in¬
vestigation. The condition of the gall blad¬
der may possibly be due to stoppage of the
duct, but such a condition in more than
a chance calf would he unusual. We think
it highly probable that the calves died from
indigestion ; or possibly they had blackleg.
If another dies have a graduate veterinarian
make a post mortem examination to deter¬
mine cause of death. Blackleg may be pre¬
vented by vaccination. On general princi¬
ples we would advise you to conduct more
carefully the feeding of the calves.
a. s. A.
Leaking Teats.
I have recently purchased a cow that
about two years ago had a lump in each of
her forward teats; the owner inserted a
quill to open them and since that time
milk has leaked from those teats. She
will be fresh the fore part of January.
Gan you prescribe a remedy? Would bath¬
ing the ends of the teats with strong alum
water or a strong tea of white* oak bark
be of any benefit? Should she be treated
befoxe she comes fresh? i,. w. m.
Pennsylvania.
Milk this cow three times a day when
she comes in, as that may lessen distention
and strain so that leaking may be less lia¬
ble to occur. The strong astringent lotion
suggestion may do some good, but it is
more usual merely to coat the end of the
teat with flexible collodion after milking
as a means of preventing the leak. Some
people prefer to tie a wide tape or place a
wide, weak rubber band around the teat
to accomplish the same end ; but these
measures generally result in inflammation
as a consequence of interference affecting
the circulation of the parts treated. Noth¬
ing can be done for the cow while she is
“dry,” as regards improving the condition
of her teats. a. s. a.
Garget.
I have a cow whose one quarter of the
udder swells hard and gives but little milk
w hen swollen, but at the next milking that
quarter will be limp, swelling and hardness
gone. The first of the milk will be very
luin^-- and clotted. This is repeated every
few weeks, and is becoming more frequent.
Is it garget? Can it be cured? Our veter¬
inarian says it cannot. e. s. k.
Illinois.
“Garget” is a term used to describe any
abnormal condition of the udder leading to
changes in the consistency and appearance
of the milk. When a cow has attacks of
garget such as you describe they may be 1
associated with period attacks of indiges- j
tion from change of food, etc. In many
instances the cause is tuberculosis affecting
the udder, hence we always advise testing
with tuberculin when a cow has periodic,
unexplainable attacks of garget. Have the
test made in this case. If she is free from
tuberculosis especial care will have to be
taken to prevent indigestion; also to pro¬
tect the udder against bruising and chill.
Treatment for garget has been given sev¬
eral times of late in these columns.
A. s. A.
Heaves; Worms
1. 1 have a 10-ycar-old horse that by hard
pulling two years ago was what wo call
bellowed or wind broken. I have given him
indigo in water. That gave him momentary
relief. Is there any permanent relief? He j
Don’t
waste time
and money on
wooden or
flimsy steel gates
that need constant
repairs, when you can
buy gates that are built
to last a lifetime, for no
more, possibly less money
REPUBLIC
FARM GATES
are neat, inexpensive, almost indes¬
tructible. Fabric is of large, strong
wires, heavily galvanized. Frames of
high carbon extra heavy tubular steel. Con¬
nections of malleable iron firmly brace the frame. 1
No holes drilled to weaken it. Easy to hang, light!
on hinges. Can be raised to clear snowdrifts or!
allow small stock to pass. The Strongest, mosl|
economical gates made. W rite for Catalog. It’s free.
Republic Fence 4 Gate Co.,
211 Republic k St., • • North Chicago, Ill.
The 1911
United States Separator
A MARVEL OF EASY RUNNING
There have been tremendous advances in the running
qualities of the United States Cream Separators.
The skimming power is there. The same that won
the world’s record in fifty consecutive tests extending over
a period of thirty days with the milk of ten different breeds
of cows. .0138 of one per cent.
BUT — with the new Interlocking skimming device, the
centrifugal action on the milk is so intenisfied, the course
along which the milk is forced to travel so lengthened, the
skimming force so increased, that the Interlocking bowl
for any given capacity is reduced nearly one-half and runs
with about half the power required for older models.
Now add to this great improvement the fact that the
United States Separator is the only successful separator that
distributes the incoming volume of the whole milk evenly
outside the cream zone, thus preventing any remixing
of cream and skimmilk, and you will see why it is that the
Interlocking Style U. S. Separator is gradually displacing
every other separator on the market.
A free demonstration will be given by selling agents who
are located in nearly all dairy sections of the country. Ask
for catalogue key 159 today and we will give you agent’s name.
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., BELLOWS FALLS, VERMONT
CULTIVATE i OFTEN
and you hold the moisture
in the ground. Cultivate
shallow or deep as the crop
needs it and you release the
forgotten or unknown soil
properties which nrc needed
to make the crop grow prop¬
erly. We have been making
farm tools for 75 years ana
think we have, as good a lino
of Killing Cultivators os you
need to chooso from.
UtOHME
RIDING CULTIVATORS
nre long lived machines — adjustable for rows 28 to 50
inches, while in motion— teeth adjustable for depth and
angle — pivot or fixed wheel, sue row or two— high or low
wheels— work well on hillsides— farm close
and true. A complete lino. Our Anniver¬
sary Catalog will ahow you — also, potato
machinery, garden wheel hoes and drills,
etc. Address
BATEMAN M'F’G CO.
Box U»2? GRENLOCH.N. J.
Virginia Farms and Homes.
FREE CATALOGUE OF SPLENDID BARGANS
K. B.CHAFIT1N & CO., Inc., Richmond, Va.
WANTR1 "GENTS TO SELL FARMERS’ ACCOUNT BOOK.
/v • , Busy to sell. Big inducements. Act
Quick. Address, L. Ji. SYPH1SRS. Ft. Wayne, lud.
IRON AND Wli REL FENCES
/eyafev. - - -
For All Purposes High Grade Catalog Free
ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY ft FENCE CO.
1225 East 24th Strsst : INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA
ey'OtleO'v
AVAI AUr Fences and Gates for Farm, Homo,
la V la LUII r Parks or Cemeteries. Increase prop¬
erty values. Strong:, Lasting:, Hand¬
some. Easily erected— all heights up to 10 feet. Our
catalog: and prices will interest you. We pay freight.
the cyclone Woven Wire fence Co.
1237 C 86TH STREET CLEVELAND, OHIO
TT is cheaper and more profitable to feed a ground, kiln-
-*■ dried, properly “balanced” feed that will produce the best^^^k
Y results from till your stock — horses, hogs, sheep and cows. This^^
avoids waste in handling and storing and saves time in feeding. Such a^
feed will produce more horse power — more milk — more fat than is possible
from your whole grains. It pays better to sell your whole grains and feed
which 19 so scientifically blended and balanced, that stock obtain far more foo<
value without any waste than atiy other feed you can use. Being ground and kiln
dried you don t pay for moisture*— it quickly assimilates — is easily digested — pro¬
duces most profit at least cost. Composed of corn, oats, barley and wheat A
grain ration that is all food — no waste. A test will surprise you. As a dairy
ration to increase the milk flow it is recommended that an addition of some highly
concentrated feed be included With Sterling Feed, such as linseed meal, cotton,
seed meal, etc. Try it. At your dealers, if not, write to us.
143
THIS KAJKAD NEVV-VOKKER
February 4,
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods- By ‘ protein” is meant the
elements in iheLood which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one In which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
—a "wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
Rations with Home-grown Grain.
Will you balance ration for me, using
oat and pea hay, shredded, corn stover,
clover and Timothy hay, as roughage. I
have plenty of ear corn, rye, wheat and
buckwheat, do my own cutting and grinding
with engine. I can get the following feeds
at present prices : Bran, $1.45 ; gluten,
$1.50; linseed, $2; Atlantic grains, $1.75. I
should like to use home-grown grains as
much as possible, but can sell rye, wheat
and buckwheat at good prices if prefer¬
able. Is it any advantage to wet cut
stover and mix grain on it for the cows, or
can we get same result from feeding all
rations dry? Cow-s have plenty of water
before them at all times. Also please give
rations for work horses, using corn, oats
and rye, with some wheat if preferred. This
to be chopped and feed morning and night,
with noon feed of oats and ear corn. What
amount (by weight! per 100 pounds of live
weight per day? - C. F. J.
Pennsylvania.
Here is a balanced ration compounded
from the feeding, stuffs mentioned that
ought to give good satisfaction :
Digestiblo
Carb.
Dry matter
Protein
and fat
7 lbs. oat and pea hay.
.6.02
.52
2.761
8 lbs. corn stover . . . .
.4.8
.136
2.72
7 lbs. mixed bay .
. 6.09
.434
3.22
3 lbs. corn & cob meal
.2.55
.132
1.995
2 lbs. gluten feed . . . .
2 lbs. linseed meal. . . .
. 1.8
.464
1.398
.1.82
.586
.97
I lb. Atlantic grains. .
. .92
.23
.55
24.
2.502
13.614
Nutritive ratio 1 :5.4.
I would advise selling the rye, wheat
and buckwheat and buying feeds con¬
taining a higher percentage of protein.
As far as the digestibility of the feed
is concerned experiments show that dry
feed is just as . digestible as wet or
steamed feed. The first requisite of
any ration, however, is that it must be
palatable or cows will not eat enough
of it to produce a satisfactory flow of
milk. Therefore, if by steaming the
cut corn stover a few hours before
feeding you can get your cows to eat
more feed, it is evident the production
of milk will increase correspondingly.
The proper way - to prepare the feed is
to place the cut stover in a box or in
a heap on the floor and pour boiling
water over it several hours before feed¬
ing, covering it with an old blanket
in the meantime. The dry grain is then
mixed with the wet stover just before
feeding. Cows are very fond of this
feed when properly prepared and
thoroughly mixed. You can figure for
yourself after a short trial whether the
increased production pays for the extra
labor or not.
A good ration for horses working
hard every day is corn, oats and rye
ground together, equal parts by weight.
You can feed corn and oats at noon if
you prefer. See that the hay is not
dusty and feed very little in the morn¬
ing and at noon. The night feed of hay
should be the heaviest. It is impossible
for me to state the exact quantity to
feed, as a horse should be fed accord¬
ing to his appetite and the work he is
doing. There is also a great difference
in horses of the same size and doing the
same amount of work in regard to the
quantity of feed required to keep in
good flesh. c. s. g.
Balancing a Ration.
Will you tell me what you think of our
feed ration as to balance? We estimate
three quarts dry brewers' grains, three
quarts cob meal, two quarts bran, one pint
of cotton-seed meal to a cow, and feed ac¬
cording to the amount of milk a cow is
giving (say a cow that give live quarts
half what a cow gets that gives 10 quarts).
For bulk feed we give twice a day corn¬
stalks, once clover hay. We ship our milk
to Trenton. Our cows are all grades and
mixed. A- E- B-
Trenton, N. J.
As near as . I can figure from the
amounts given you are feeding approxi¬
mately the following ration :
I )rv
Pro-
Carb’s
Feeding stuffs. Matter.
tein.
and Fat.
Corn stover, 15 lbs. 9.
.255
5.16
Clover bay, 8 lbs.. 6.8
.544
3.168
Dry brewers’ grains,
3 lbs . 2.76
.471
1.434
Coin and cob meal.
4 lbs . 3.4
.176
2.66
Wheat bran, 1% lbs. 1.32
.183
.679
Cotton-seed meal, 1
lbs . 92
.372
.444
24.2
2.001
13.545
Nutritive ratio 1 : 0.7.
While this ration contains the proper
amount of dry matter for an average¬
sized cow, also of carbohydrates and fat,
it is very low in protein, which gives it
a wide nutritive ratio of 1 :6.7, instead
of 1 :5.4. By changing this ration a lit¬
tle as shown in- the following analysis
we have nearly a balanced ration and
one that will be much more satisfactory
for the production of milk.
•Feeding stuffs
Clover hay, 8 lbs..
Corn stover, 12 lbs.
Dry brcwers’grains,
4 lbs .
Corn and cob meal,
4 lbs .
Wheat bran, 1 14 lbs.
Cotton-seed meal, 2
lbs .
Dry
Matter.
G.8
6.96
Pro¬
tein.
.544
.30
3.6S .628
3.4
1.32
.176
.183
1.84 .744
Garb’s
and Fat-
3.168
4.476
1.912
2.66
.679
.888
24.
2.575 13.783
Nutritive ratio 1 : 5.35.
Stale Bread for Cows.
Is stale rye bread mixed with beet,
sprouts and water any good for milch
cows? Especially, is stale bread good for
cows in milk? M. k.
New Jersey.
I have never fed stale rye bread to
dairy cows, but have had considerable
experience feeding stale wheat bread to
other kinds of live stock and can see
no reason why the rye bread should not
be good feed for dairy cows provided
it is not sour or musty. I would not
advise wetting it before feeding, but
would prefer to dry it hard and then
grind fine with a common feed mill.
_ C. S. G.
Value of Hand Separators. — Some one
asked several weeks ago whether to get
a separator for a few cows. 1 should say
yes. I have two, three or four cows, never
more than four. I bought a separator a
few years ago costing about $35. Before
buying the separator I had to spend prob¬
ably $10 or $12 each Winter to put up
ice, besides the labor of getting it in the
tank later, and then the ice would not last
as long as the hot weather. Now I can get
along without any ice. E. s. b.
- Connecticut.
IVZROW should
pull
Prom ifit
Furnished with
Solid or Cutaway Discs
You can save half the time and labor till¬
ing your land with a F'etzer 4-sectiou Disc
Harrow. One mau and 4 horses operate
safely a 28 Disc size, doing as much work
as 2 men, 6 horses and 2 ordinary harrows.
Figure what that means in dollars-saviug
to you ? Ask for the proof. Let us tell you
some straight facts about Discs and good
Discing. One customer writes : “ I made
«;=; more per acre with a Fetzer by Double-
Discing.” If you have any farming in¬
terest, it is important you should have the
Fads. Write today for Free Book No. 49
THE WM. FETZER CO., Sprlnglield, III.
“SaveThe-Horse'’SpavinCure.
SOUND'
Sf> Mnnn Are., Newark, N. J., Aup* 15, 1910.
Sometime asm I purchased a horse, believing him to bo a real
good one. At tho time I did not know that ho had been fired
and blistered. He beeamo very lamo from a Bone Spavin, and
the prospect was not very favorable, owing to his advanced age.
Howovor, having a bottlo of ”Save-The-Horsc” on hand, of
which I had used very little in satisfactorily curing Puffs on
another horse, I ventured to think it would help the Spavin on
my new purchase. I was ashamed to drive tho horso In t'»» day¬
time, he was so lamo. I used about half the bottle. Suddenly
the horse forgot his lameness, and to this day ho acts and
goes as sound as a colt. Now should you want a recommenda¬
tion you aro at liberty to refer to me. Jos. Yt m. Burton.
$5.00 a Bottle With Signed CONTRACT.
This is a binding CONTRACT and protects purchaser ab-
eolutely in treating and curing any case of Bona and Bo. Spurn,
Tborou.hpin, Rin.-bono, (except low). Curb, Splint, Copped Hocb,
Windpoff, Sboeboil, Injured Tendons and all Lsmcneii. No scar or
loss of hair. Horse works as usual. Send for copy of contract,
booklet on all lameness and letters from prominent business
men, bankers, farmers and horse owners tho world over on
every kind of case. At all druggists and dealers, or express paid.
Troy Chemica 1 Co. 24 Com’l a ve. Binghamton, N,Y.
\0~
S
/Ml
apyuLuiuu kjl
ADAMS
Rapid LUMP-JAW Cure
I Easy method, little expense, no pain or
Bears. Written guarantee wit n each bottlo.
REMOV-ALL — “Beats’Em Air’forSprains,
Curb, Bog Spavin, all lameness. Sold on
moneytback guaranty. Free— Treatise on
curing animal diseases. Write for copy
today. H. C. ADAMS MFC. CO.
Dept. 50 . Aigona, lou/a.
Price $ 1 0 and Up
Earn $10 a day and more, easily,
sawing firewood, lumber, lath, posts,
etc., for yourself and neighbors with a
HerftzBer & Zook
Portable Wood Saw
Fully Guaranteed for One Year
The Hertzler & Zook is the cheapest and best
saw you can buy. Direct factory prices— finest
tested materials. Easier than
other saws to operate because
the stick sits low and the
saw draws it on as soon
as you start work. It is
the only saw made, sell-
ingat $10, to which a ripping
table can be added. Write for
circular and save money.
Hertzler & Zoox Co., Box a
Belleville, Fa.
BUILT FOR BUSINESS
There are no useless complications in JOHNSTON farm machines; they are carefully built
throughout to give many years ol dependable service under all conditions. There is nothing
experimental or impractical about them — they have proven their superiority in every civilized country.
The EASY LOADER Manure Spreader shown above has every desirable feature — no complicated
parts to freeze or get out of order — steel and hardwood construction — sides let down, easy to load and
unloads easily and satisfactorily — there is no other Spreader like the “ Easy Loader.” Let us send you
special booklet.
JOHNSTON MACHINERY
The JOHNSTON line includes Grain Binders, Reapers, RaKes, Spring and SpiKe
Tooth Harrows, Side-Delivery RaKes, Mowers, Tedders, Hay Loaders, Manure Spread¬
ers, Corn Binders, Disc and Orchard Harrows, Land Rollers, etc.
If you would like to own quality machines that will give better service and last
longer than the ordinary kind, yet cost no more, write today for our new 1911 catalog.
Or state what tool you are interested in, and we will mail booklet.
THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO., Bor. 100S BATAVIA, N. Y.
“Keep chickens,”
says the FARM JOURNAL,
and live better
at less cost.
THOUSANDS of families, in city and country, have found
this the easy way to improve their standard of living1, and at
the same time lower the cost. With chickens you always have delicious
lood, for the family or for “company.” Their eggs supply you with ready
money or ready food. They are pets that pay their board. By keeping chick¬
ens, boys and girls can earn money, and also get an excellent training.
Sometimes the back-yard plant grows into a large business, like those of
Corning, Curtiss, and Foster, who make many thousands of dollars a year.
Raising chickens pays if you know how, whether you keep a dozen hens,
or run a large poultry-farm; but you need the host guides. Many get
from their chickens less than half as much as they might get with the guidance
of any of these three splendid modern poultry-hooks, which tell
the experience and methods of the most successful modern poultry-raisers.
These methods have allbeen/wiVtJby actual experience and proved successful. The Farm
Journal stands back of them, for it has investigated them and knows. rl hey can be used with
six hens or six thousand. Of the Corning Egg-l!ook alone, OVIilt 100,000 COPIES were
sold in one year. Many are using these methods with splendid success and profit. g
U’rkvnind Fl'rfd.Rnnlr is the great guide-book for back-yard
ine corning Hgg-r>OOK chicken-raisers. It tells how two city
men in poor health, with no experience, starting with thirty hens, built up in
four years an egg business which in one year, with 1953 hens, made an average profit of
$6.41 a voar per lien. These men learned how to make hens lay the most eges in
winter, when they get 60 and 70 cents a dozen. This book tells how they found the best breed,
why they raise only white-shelled, sterile eggs, how they keep hens LAYING A LI*
WINTER, when they hatch chicks to do their best laying in January, how to mix the feed
that produces most eggs, and how their whole system works to that one end, eggs, eggs,
EGGS. It gives photographs and complete working plans of their buildings, which you can
build in sections, large or small as needed.
U’nt-ticc PrYiilfrTr Rnnlr tells how Roy Curtiss, a farmer’s boy,
V^Urilob JL U Lilli y HUtllv starting with a few neglected bens, has built up
at Niagara Farm one of the best-payinrz poultry plants in the world. Boy agreed that
if his father would furnish feed, he (Roy) would supply eggs and chickens for the farm table, and all left over were to
belong to him. In two years Roy was using so much feed that his father had to cry quits, but the boy kept ngnt on. His
brother joined him, and the business grew and grew. But they had no guidance, and had to learn by their own mistakes.
Such a guide as the Curtiss Poultry Kook, would have saved them thousands of dollars. This capital book was
written right at Niagara Farm by the veteran poultryman, Michael K.. Boyer. He says he never saw a general
poultry plant so well managed. Every day shipments go off, every day money comes in. Their percentage of fertile
eggs, of live, strong chickens hatched, of day-old chicks shipped without loss, is really wonderful. This book Kjves all
their methodsand feed formulas, tested and improved by years of experience. Many pictures. 'Whether you raise chickens,
ducks, or eggs, have a dozen fowls or thousands, you will find in this book help that you can get in no other way.
it is a remarkable collection of successful
^ JT U Lilli y CSCl/I CIO “wrinkles’' in poultry-raising, secured and edited by
Michael K. Boyer (known to poultrymen as “ Uncle Mike”). Many of these were treasured
secrets of famous poultrymen, guarded with jealous care because of their great value.. We paid hundreds ox dollars tor
them. This is the ELEVENTH EDITION, and thousands are using these methods with great profit.
W. R. Curtiss tells his successful method of hatching 50 per cent, more pullets than cockerels; the Philo System
is described and explained ; the “15-cerits-a-bushel” and “8-cents-a-bushel” green feed secrets; secrets of the Angell,
Palmer, and Hogan Systems; Boyer’s method of absolutely insuring fertility of eggs for hatching; Townsend s system
for preventing death of chicks in the shell; Felch’s famous mating chart, suppressed for many years; feeding and
fattening secrets ; and MANY OTHER PRICELESS SECRETS, are here disclosed for the first time. C
ANY ONE of these
books, and Farm
Journal balance of
1911 and all of 1912,
50 cents
ANY TWO of the
books, and the
Farm Journal for
three years,
$1.00
Be sure to say plainly which book or books you want.
ALE THREE of
the books, and
Farm Journal for
tw o years,
$1.00
1 Tmi un d 1 is standard paper for everyone who grows
If ill Ill .1 1/ U-I lldl or wants to grow fruit, vegetables, poultry,
or stock of any kind. It is 33 years old, and has over 750,000 sub¬
scribers, in all parts of the country. “Judge Biggie” and “Peter Tumble-
down” are characters far better known to many than Hamlet or Micawber.
It has a fine poultry department, more valuable than most poultry papers. It
is a favorite paper with housekeepers. Clean, clever, cheerful, amusing,
intensely practical. Cut to fit everybody, young or old, village, suburbs, or
rural routes. Unlike any other paper and always has been.
On any one-dollar offer, if your order is mailed within
TEN DAYS of tlie date of this paper, we will send you also
the famous Poor Richard Almanac for 1911, full of wit and
w isdom for the rural home. Address your letter just like this:—
FARM JOURNAL, BO Clifton St., Philadelphia.
1»11.
1-43
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
MIL
New York exchange price is $1.S1 per
40-quart can, netting 3% cents to shippers
in 26-cent freight zone who have no addi¬
tional station charges.
Some of the farmers peddle their own
milk and get eight cents per quart, and
others sell by the 100 pounds and get
from $1.90 to $2 per 100. F. f. s.
Poland, O.
Milk around La Salle (population, 11,000)
is generally sold directly from the farmer
to consumer. There are seven or eight
farmers to one dealer running milk wagons
here. The retail price is seven cents per
quart; wholesale, about 15 to 20 cents
per gallon. The city health officer tests
samples for butter fat every month or so,
which is the only inspection milk gets
here. There is a movement on foot to estab¬
lish a modern milk station in La Salle, the
purpose of which is to supply clean and
modified milk to the needy and poorer
classes of sick infants of La Salle and
neighboring towns. Butter sells here at
from 35 to 40 cents per pound ; fresh eggs,
40 cents per dozen ; hay, $18 to $20 a ton ;
corn, about 38 cents, and oats, about 30
cents per bushel. p. a. w.
La Salle, Ill.
I am getting at present 18 cents pel-
gallon in Lorain, which is the price in
Cleveland ; a few may be getting more,
some less. You will see by the notice below
it has been cut to 16 cents after the 16th of
this month :
“ We wish to notify you that from the
10th of January we will pay 16 cents per
gallon for milk. We agreed to pay the
market price of milk, and as this is the
price now, we feel that is all we can pay.”
The price to the consumer remains the
same— which is seven cents per quart in
I-orain and eight cents in Cleveland — up
to April 1, when they drop one cent a
quart generally. These two cities work
together in making prices to the producer.
You see this drop goes to fill their pockets,
and the consumer is not benefited by it.
Oberlin, O. w. H. h.
MILK PRODUCED AT A LOSS.
The item from W. H. IX, page 49, and
The R. N.-Y. note following, prompt me to
write. The milk consumed in the city of
New Y'ork is made at a loss to the pro¬
ducer. All milk for the New York market
is made under sanitary inspection. This
inspection is under the management of the
New York City Board of Health, whose
agents inspect the stables, milking utensils,
milk cooling, milkers’ clothing, etc., and
require that a competent veterinarian ex¬
amine the cattle periodically. The cost of
fodder and grain is practically the same
in the other four States producing milk for
New York City as it is in Massachusetts.
This month the Bordens price is $2.10 per
100 pounds — the highest it has ever been
since 1 can remember. The New York Milk
Exchange price is four cents per quart, or
$1.88 per 100 pounds. How do dairymen
maintain themselves and sell their milk
at a loss? The dairyman raises his pas¬
ture, fodder and at least a part of his
grain feed. Instead of selling these at the
market price he feeds them to his cows
and gets less than enough milk from the
cows to pay market price for food con¬
sumed. He probably also raises some po¬
tatoes. rye, buckwheat, apples and poultry.
I hose are _ sold and the price therefor is
invested in western grain by-products
which are fed to the cows who do not re¬
turn him 100 cents to the dollar invested.
The milk which the average cow gives will
not bring enough in the New York City
wholesale market to pay for the feed she
eats. I congratulate the city of New
York on its abundant supple of pure, clean
milk at a price to the consumer lower than
almost any other article of food of equal
value, hut the producer should have a living
profit from its production. G. g. gibbs.
New Jersey.
Lice on Calves.
The indications are that the Dairymen’s
League is entering upon a period of its
most rapid growth since its organization.
Several prominent speakers have volun¬
teered to go anywhere the milk producers
wish assistance in forming branches of the
organization. This assistance can be se¬
cured without expense to the locality by
applying to the secretary, Albert Manning,
Otisville, N. Y.
The retail milk trade here, Geneva, Ohio,
is all handled by the creamery, no peddling
done by farmers. The retail price is seven
cents per quart Winters and six cents Sum¬
mers. Farmers who sell milk to the cream¬
ery company get $1.50 per 100 pounds the
year around, while those who ship to Cleve¬
land get prices ranging from 18 cents per
gallon Winters to 12 cents Summers, less
1% cent per gallon transportation charges.
Cows are scarce and very high. h. r. f.
The price of milk here is six cents per
quart, delivered. There are no dealex-s
in milk here. Some of the town people
keep a cow and sell milk to their neigh¬
bors, and some of the farmers sell milk,
’mere are no dairies in this locality. One
man was running a dairy and shipping
cream, but has sold his farm, so suppose
will have to quit. He kept nine cows.
Turkeys sold here at 18 cents jxer pound,
live weight, at holidays, and chickens are
10 cents. H. s. a.
Hopedale, O.
This is not a dairy community, but
very few farmers keep more than three or
four cows. The better class of farmers
separate their milk and ship their cream
to creameries, doing their own shipping.
The price of butter fat is 28 cents a pound ;
has not been over 32 cents this Winter.
The wholesale price of milk in the village
is 12 cents a gallon, retail six cents a
quart. Present price of chickens, 10 cents ;
turkeys, 17 cents a pound. M. l. b.
No. Baltimore, O.
Milk sells for $1.40 to $2.10 per hundred
to the Van Camp Condenser Co. Some is
sent to the creameries, skimmed and re¬
turned ; prices for butter range from 20
to 30 cents a pound. It is retailed in
bottles for five to six cents per quart.
The Van Camp people get the bulk of it,
and the Holstein cow’s product ranges
from 50 cents to $1.20 a day gross. Eggs
are gathered by hucksters and go to cold
storage men ; most of the prices from 10 to
25 cents during Summer, Winter 25 to 30
cents. A good many crates are shipped to
grocery firms and private customers in
Cleveland and Chicago, who pay from four
to 12 cents more than local dealers. Poul¬
try shipped to New York; milk, eggs and
poultry business pushed pretty hard here.
Edgerton, O. J. r. w.
I have a number of calves six and eight
months old that went into Winter in good
ord>r, but are growing thin rapidly, and
I find they are covered with lice. 1 have
washed them thoroughly with strong to¬
bacco water, and it seems to have no effect
on the lice, but seems to weaken the calves.
Can sulphur be fed to get rid of them, and,
if so, in what quantities? Can you suggest
some other way of getting rid of lice?
Connecticut. m. h. b.
Feeding sulphur will not rid calves of
lice. Dusting it freely on the back has
some effect, and so has the feeding ; but
one must clean up, disinfect and white¬
wash the stables, else calves keep infested
all of the time. Pyrethrum powder used
freely on the skin has some effect on lice
when washing cannot be done. Calomel and
lard rubbed along back bone is effective ; but
treated calves have to be kept separate to
prevent licking. Four ounces of stavesacre
made into a tea with one gallon of boiling
water makes a sure destructor of lice on all
animals. a. s. a.
Cow with Cough.
I have a cow about nine years old that
has a bad cough, also a slight rattling
in her throat as she breathes. There
doesn’t seem to be any growth or swelling.
She is in good condition, appetite normal,
and gives three and one-half gallons of milk
daily. Will be fresh about May 1. I
have been feeding a tonic, but it doesn’t
seem to have any effect one way or an¬
other. How do you apply the tuberculin
test? c. h. p.
Nebraska.
Tuberculosis is to be suspected, and the
cow should be tested with tuberculin. The
test should be made by a qualified veteri¬
narian or some one authorized to do such
work, Consult the veterinarian of your
State Agricultural Experiment Station as
to having the test made. a. s. a.
Thin Mare.
What can I do for an old mare, 18
yeax-s old, that is poor and somewhat knee
sprung, that ran out in pasture all Fall?
Coat rather rough, little lumps on her hide,
eats well. What kind of liniment can I use
on her legs? m. r.
Have her teeth put in order by a veterin¬
ary dentist. Feed sound, old oats, bran,
mixed hay and roots. Add a few ears
of corn at noon in cold weather. Give
Fowler’s solution of arsenic twice daily,
commencing with two drams at a dose for
a week, and then gi-adually inci-easing to
half ounce doses. As a liniment use a
mixture of one ounce each of aqua ammonia,
and turpentine, with four ounces of drug¬
gists’ soap liniment and water to make
one pint. Rub in twice daily. Bent
knees in an old horse will not be likely
to straighten up again. a. s. a.
Rena Ross'*
Renrd
Ayrshire Cow
of the World
owned by
J. R. Valentine
Bryn Mawr, Pa,
Make All Your Ration
Produce Profitable Milk
ALL the ordinary ration you feed
does not go into milk. A con¬
siderable portion of it is wasted
because it forms a solid mass in the
cow’s stomach and does not digest easily.
Dried Beet Pulp made from our native sugar
beet, succulent and palatable, loosens this
mass, assists digestion, makes all the ra¬
tion produce milk, increases any cow’s milk
within a few days, 10# in three weeks.
The greatest milk producing records have
been made on Dried Beet Pulp. Valancey
E. Fuller, Editor of “Practical Dairyman,”
writing of “Rena Ross”, and the five cows
that won the French cup, stated Dr. P. C.
Palmer in cha/ge of feeding, stopped growing
roots altogether, preferring Dried Beet Pulp.
Dr. Palmer said. “It not only made more millc but proved
very beneficial to the health of the cows. It is fed in ad¬
dition to com silage.”
More Milk, Healthier Cows—
Here’s the Way
We have arranged with your dealer to
supply you a sack of Dried Beet Pulp. Just
show him this advertisement. If the cow you
select does not give more milk in three weeks
wc authorize the dealer to refund your money. Read what
we say to him in this advertisement. See him today so you
can get started soon. You are to decide everything yourself.
To Dealers Everywhere East of the Mis¬
sissippi River Except in States of Wis¬
consin and Michigan:
You are authorized to sell to any dairyman who will
agree to give the feed a fair honest trial, one sack of our
Dried. Beet Pulp and to guarantee to refund the purchase
price if after the dairyman has fed it to one cow for three
weeks the cow has not increased her milk production; we
will reimburse you for your expenditure. If you do not
carry Dried Beet Pulp in stock, write us quickly for our
proposition. Please mention this paper.
The Larrowe Milling Co.,
621 Ford Building, Detroit, Michigan
and
Genuine
Imitation
CREAM SEPARATORS
The all-round superiority of the DE LAVAL Cream
Separators, in farm as well as factory sizes, has now
become so generally recognized that would-be competitors
have, almost without exception,
adopted the pretext of merely
claiming that the machines they
offer are “like the DE LAVAL”,
or “as good as the DE LAVAL”,
while some even go so far as to
claim that their machines are made
under a patent license from the
DE LAVAL Company.
All of these claims and pretenses
are false and a fraud upon the
buyers of such machines, except to
the extent that each and everyone
of these would-be DE LAVAL imi¬
tators is using some ten to twenty
year old patent expired and now abandoned type of
DE LAVAL construction, though lacking all the essential
elements of the improved DE LAVAL machines of today,
or tor that matter the DE LAVAL machines of the past
ffve years, while none of them do or can use the still
patent protected ‘‘split- wing” distributing shaft feature
of all DE LAVAL machines since 1900.
Buyers of separators are cautioned against such
deceptive misrepresentations by those who may try to
induce them to purchase machines claimed to be similar
to the DE LAVAL, but which no way compare in
efficiency, capacity or general practicability with the
DE LAVAL machines of TODAY.
DE LAVAL Cream Separators are as much in advance
of all attempted competition today as at any past time,
and their use is speedily becoming as universal on the
farm as it has long since been in the larger sizes in
creameries and milk stations the world over.
THE DE LAVAL
SEPARATOR COMPANY
165-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
42 E. Madison Street
CHICAGO
Drumm & Sacramento Sts*
SAN FRANCISCO
173-177 William Street
MONTREAL
14 & 16 Princess Street
WINNIPEG
1018 Western Avenus
SEATTLE
If Y ou Milk Six Cows
OR MORE, SEND US YOUR
NAME AND ADDRESS
for interesting information about increas¬
ing dairy profits and reducing labor.
The Hinman Hilking Machine
stands every test that can be made. No
springs or weights. A simple machine
that cannot reduce milk or injure cows.
U sers opinions proveevei’y claim we make.
WRITE T0=DAY Jgf vs send you
lars about the HINMAN.
.-■ATX
free partlcu-
H1NMAN
MILKING
MACHINE
CO.
45 SENECA ST.
ONEIDA, N. Y.
MINERAL.
HEAVE
REMEDY
NEGLECT
Will Ruin
YourHorse’
Send today for
only
PERMANENT
SAFE
CERTAIN'
S3 package ^
will cure any case or
money refunded.
$1 PACKAGE
cures ordinary cases.
Postpaid on receipt of
price. Agents Wanted.
Writo for descriptive booklet.
I WANT FAIR PLAY.
\ For 45 years I have fought all forms
of trust combinations, have kept my
prices down where every farmer could
1 buy a first class scale at a fair price
, and have protected the dealer. Now
the implement dealers largely sub¬
sidized by the trusts say that if I sell
my scales to a farmer they won’t let me
, . - „ , seh to any dealer. All right. I am
ready for the light. Hereafter my price is the same to all
Money talks and any responsible man can buy my scales
on approval to be paid for on agreed terms at dealers
price. Money talks and your request on a postal card will
bring you my offer on any kind of a scale that you may
want, big or little. Money talks and if you nave the
money I have the scales and the inclination to fight the
trust which says that no man can buy my scales without
paying a profit to the dealer. Write me and soon.
JONES He Pays the Freight.”
SO May St., BinKhamton, K. Y.
ilk Fever Outfits.
T'vKIlOUNERS, Teat Syphons, Slitters,
t ' Dilators, etc. Received only award
World’s Fairs Chicago and St. Louis.
Write for Illustrated Catalogue.
HAUSSMANN & DUNN CO.
392 South Clark Street, Chicago, Ill.
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 Fourth Avenue. Plttsbura. R*
IRfl Farms FOIi SAGE CHEAP, ill fertile
IvlU IQIlllO Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
Why Rent a Farm
and be compelled to pay to your landlord most of
your hard-earned profits? Own your own
farm. Secure a Free Homestead in
Manitoba, Saskatchewan or Al-
| berta, or purchaao land in one
of these districts and bank a
profit of $10.00 or $12.00
I an acre every year.
Land purchased three years
ago at §10.00 an acre has recently
I changed hands at S25.00 an acre.
I The cropB grown on these lands
| warrant the advance. You can
Become Rich
by cattle raising, dairying, mixed farm¬
ing and grain growing in the prov¬
inces of Maidtoba, Saskatchewan
and Alberta in Western Canada.
Free homestead and pre-emption
areas, as well as land held by railway
Bnd land companies, will provide
homes for millions.
Adaptable soil, healthful climate,
splendid schools and churches and
good railways.
For settlers’ rates, descriptive litera¬
ture “Last Best West.” how to reach
the country and other particulars, write
to Sup’t or Immigration, Ottawa, Can¬
ada, or to the Canadiun Gov’t Agent.
Sopt.. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
(63)
144
•U'HK RURAL* NEW-YORKER
February 4,
NEED OF THE SUMMER SILO.
There is a vast amount of talk and vvrit-
ing going on about the Summer soiling
of dairy cows, most of which has to do
with the growing of a succession of
crops, and the incessant cutting of them,
The past season in Ohio was the most
severe and prolonged drought in years,
and soiling crops would not grow and
the whole system was a failure. The
alternative is the possession of a well
filled Summer silo. Is there not a bet¬
ter way of soiling a cow, than taking a
few more acres in addition to the five
required for pasture to grow this feed?
Why not take one of the five acres, put
it into corn and raise 40 tons per acre,
as they do in Granby, Mass., and keep
five cows a year without any pasture,
and better than with it? Or coming
down to common conditions, make that
acre support one cow a full year as
the roughage ration. No other crop
gives as much, and as perfect a rough-
age ration as the well-grown corn plant,
and then, bring in the clover hay, and
some of the protein concentrates, as the
balancer to the ration, have a ration at
least possible cost, and insured, for dry
as was the season in Ohio, the end was
that those who well cared for their corn,
had full silos.
Three of my neighbors fed silage the
past season for the soiling crop and as
pastures were about nil, it was a valu¬
able experience. One man with a big
dairy fed a bushel and a half of well¬
eared silage daily to each cow and no
grain, and received a remarkable yield
of milk for the entire Summer, no
grain-fed dairy approaching him, and he
computes that that big silo of corn was
worth to him the grazing of 100 acres
of average Summer pasture. Dry as it
was, he has filled that great silo again,
and proposes to turn 60 acres of pasture
to other uses next Summer. The ex¬
perience of Mr. Lighty is similar. He
fed only a bushel of silage to each cow
daily, and one pound of concentrates,
and has become a convert, for said he,
“My cows never knew there was a
drought, nor did they ever give larger
messes at so little cost,” and 40 acres
of his pasture will have different ten¬
ants next year. The third man is as
convinced, and silage will be his chief
pasture feed next year. It is found that
even with good pasture, the feeding of
a bushel of silage a day takes the place
of costly grain, and at half the cost, for
with 15 tons to the acre of silage corn, a
bushel of good silage cannot be made to
cost over two cents or less per bushel
of 25 pounds, while six pounds of grain
is worth nine cents. Figure up what it
costs to summer a cow, interest on her
actual grazing lot, the interest on its
value, the taxes, fencing, etc., then add
all of the value you fed this cow in ad¬
dition to make that pasture; feed the
cow to a profitable milking output, and
see if it does not cost twice as much to
summer a milch cow, as to winter her,
on a half or less acre of silage, and its
usual extras. Is it not a fact that to
the average dairyman, the Summer silo
will have to come as the economic solu¬
tion of the cheap and abundant ration,
and supersede all other soiling crops?
Ohio. JOHN GOULD.
SOILING CROPS IN OREGON.
I note what some one says in regard
to stock eating the ripened rye and
tares. I have grown rye and tares, and
have been disgusted with it on account
of stock refusing to touch the rye after
it had headed out. The past year on
the advice of a friend I left it until the
rye was ripe and cut it for hay, with
the result that stock ate it up clean. Let
others try this and report.
For soiling I am well pleased with
hulless barley instead of rye to sow
with the tares, in both cases using Win¬
ter oats in the mixture. The first cut¬
ting which I make very early will con¬
tain little of the oats which have made
too small a growth to be touched by
the mowing, while the second mowing
will be largely tares and oats. I have
sometimes thought that the rye and bar¬
ley were injured by frosts when the
freshly cut stems were exposed to it.
My own practice is to sow land plaster
on the ground as fast as the grass is
taken off, which greatly increases the
second cutting. Those who sow tares
or vetch should remember that land
plaster will greatly increase the crop
on ordinary land. I have had no ex¬
perience on poor land. Last Fall I
sowed quite a sprinkling of rape in my
tares and rye, as a plot of it used the
past year was so satisfactory. I was
surprised to see how greedily the cows
ate the leavings from a lot of rape
straw that I had thrashed the seed from.
It was cut with a mower early in the
day and immediately bunched in small
bunches to prevent the horses from
tramping out the seed on the next round.
The seed was beaten out by hand on a
sheet and the straw piled up again. The
cows, although having a full feed of
tares and oats, would eat this rape
straw all but the very coarsest stalks.
Let me also repeat the advice of some
one in The R. N.-Y. a few years ago,
not to mow soiling crops too close to
the ground, and from my own experi¬
ence would add any meadow, especially
Timothy. s.
Oregon.
R. N.-Y. — Many a Timothy meadow
has been ruined by cutting the grass
too close. Land plaster may give re¬
sults on some soils for a few years, but
later it fails. Its chief action seems to
be setting free plant food by bringing
about a chemical action. After a time
this action appears to fail.
Rape for Milch Cows.
I have never had experience in feeding
rape to cows in milk, Init I am quite cer¬
tain that had odors would find their way
into the milk pail if cows were allowed
to pasture on it at will. Cows are said
to respond well to a rape ration, but in
my judgment it should be fed in small
quantities (at least at first) and imme¬
diately after milking. In other words, the
same ' precautions should be taken as in
feeding turnips. The nutritive ratio of
rape is about 1 :8.4, which makes it a val¬
uable crop to feed in connection with our
ordinary farm crops. In this section its
most common use is as a soiling crop or
pasture for pigs and brood sows.
Canada. , c. s. m.
AGENTS— $33.30 A WEEK
He writes— “ Hurry up
— sold
Jack Wood did it ! _
100 more -
first lot in 2 days
- best seller I
ever saw.” Hun¬
dreds of agents
coining money—
$5.60 worth of
tools for the
>rice of one.
)rop forged from
finest steel. Nickel Plated all over. Astonishing low
Erice to agents— 1,200 ordered by one man. Write at once.
•on’t delay. Experience unnecessary. Sample free.
THOMAS MFG. CO., 8263 Wayne St., DAYTON, OHIO
TOP
Dairymen, Take a Look at the
STRITE GOVERNOR PULLEY
It’s the original and “only
thing for driving cream sep¬
arators with gasoline en¬
gines. Once tried, always
used. - TRY ONE. Ask your
dealer for a “STRITE” or
write us direct. Don't take
au imitation.
Strife Governor Pulley Co.
357 South Third Street
srrcftATotj Minneapolis, Minn.
Save Time and Seed
By Using the 50 Year
Old World’s Standard
GAH00N
SEED
ER
to do more and better broadcast work
any kind of grain or grass seed than any other
Sower. Savcstimeandlabor; givesbiggercrops.
for itself many times over yearly, although it
highest priced sower. Made of iron, steel and
brass. Lasts a lifetime. If your dealer cannot supply
you, we will deliver the Cahoon to any express
office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of $4.
Seed Sowers’ Manual tells how to save seed and
get bigger crops. It’s free. Send for it.
COPPELL CO., 14 Main St., Antrim, N. H.
World’s Best
Put Into Your Home
FREE
Our local representative will place in your
home, for a thorough, free trial, without one
cent of expense of any kind to you, a
SHARPLES
Dairy Tubular
Cream Separator
Use it in your home. Sec for
yourself that it contains no disks or
other hard-to-wasli contraptions.
Prove that it produces
twice the skimming
force, skims faster and
twice as clean as others.
Think over the fact that
it will wear a lifetime
and is guaranteed for¬
ever by America’s old¬
est and the world’s big-
c gest cream sep¬
arator concern.
Then ask your¬
self how you can afford lo
pay freight, send money,
or risk anything on any
“mailorder” or. other (so
called ) cheap separator,
the average life of which
is but one year, when you
can own and use a
world-famous, wear-
a-lifetime Tubular for
less than any other kind.
Write for 1911 Catalogue
No. 153, and
ask for free
trial.
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHEST Elf, PA.
Chicago. Ill., San FranciHoo, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can., Winnipeg, Can.
New
Model
REPEATING RIFLE
The only gun that fills the
demand for a trom¬
bone (“pump”) ac¬
tion repeater in
.25-20 and
.32-20
calibres.
Shoots
high ve¬
locity smoke¬
less cartridges,
also black and low
pressure smokeless.
Powerful enough for deer,
safe to use in settled districts, ex¬
cellent for target work, for foxes,
geese, woodchucks, etc.
©
It* exclusive feature* : the quiclc, smooth working "pump’’ action:
the wear-resisting Special Smokeless Steel barrel ; the modern solid*
top and side ejector for rapid, accurate firing, increased safety and
convenience. It has take-down construction and Jooi„ Bead front
right; these cost extra on other rifles of these calibre*.
Our 136 page catalog describes the full 777(Zr/f/1k
line. Sent for three stamps postage. Write for it.
157 Willow Street
New Haven, Conn.
7%e 7//ar/t/i fire arms Co.
I
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR Write
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE to-day.
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
U INTERNATIONAL
i SILOS
III:®'
Lit 1 o' .'it
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoop-
continuous open-door front — air-tight door and per¬
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. Tha
International Silo 113 Slain St.. Line.Tills.Mn
GREEN MOUNTAIN
SILOS
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative if you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
ECONOMY SILO
Our simple yetperfect-fittingdoors,
forming air-tight silo, entirely pre¬
vent possibility of ensilage spoiling.
Quick, easy adjustment without
hammer or wrench. Free access.
Every silo easy to erect. Seasoned
white pine or cypress staves. Refined
iron hoops form easy ladder.
Write lor free catalogue with proof
of our claims from delighted users.
ECONOMY SILO A MFC. CO.,
Box 36 <aj Frederick, Md.
lTHE
SSSI
L0
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stave.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Bake* winter feed equal to June
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which give* facts that
will save you money. Agent* wanted.
The E. W. Ross Co.(Est.l&50)
Box 13 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO
PATENTS START FACTORIES
IPATENT SECURED OR
• FEE RETURNED
Startright . Free Hook— IIow to obtain, finance
_ _ , and promote patents. Send sketch, free search.
ARNKAM& SUES, Pat. Attys., Ad. 36, Washington. D.C.
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the
PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Humping Caldron. Empties
its kettlein one minute. Thesimplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water and
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog
Scalders, Caldrons. etc. U^"Sen<J
for particulars and ask for ciroulan J
D. It. SPEIiRY & OO.. Bat .via, Id.
Make Your
Loading Easy
Out out the backaches, strains and ruptures by
using low Empire Steel Wheels for your furm
hauling, You can put on a bigger load. Half the
work. Half the time. Save your team, Don t
cut up your fields.
EMPIRE LOW
STEEL WHEELS
coBt only one-half as much as wood¬
en wheels. They save you tire cut¬
ting and repair expense. You can
change your wooden wheels for your
Empire Steel Wheels any time in 5 minutes.
Send for free catalog showing wheels and
low-priced Empire Handy Wagons.
Empire Mfg. Co., BoxggX, Quincy, III
SILO
You can shove ensilage out ofthe unobstructed,
continuous door front of a Unadilla Sllol5 cents
a ton cheaper than yon can pitch it up 3 toC ft.
over cross-bars on an ordinary silo,
Unadilla Silo doors shove up — most others
push in, making it necessary to feed to the
bottom of these doors before they can be opened.
Non-breakable lugs, cold rolled over threads on
•end of steel hoops — ^ stronger than ordinary
cut thread hoops. Write for 25 Reasons Why.
Kxtra discount for early orders, Agents wanted.
UNADILLA SILO CO., Box B, Unadilla, N. Y.
Catalo
Free
With
Full
Infor¬
mation
MOTSINGER
GUARANTEED AUTO-SPARKER
(Better than an everlasting battery.
Will generate current for ignition
and electric lights, chnrging stor¬
age batteries, etc. Suitable for
all types and sizes of gas and
gasoline engines. LET U8
TELL YOU HOW TO 1IAKK
YOUR own ELECTRICITY.
MOTSINGER DEVICE MFG. CO
113 Harold St., Pendleton, lnd‘
The Most Economical
Engine Ever Built
PEOPLE everywhere are rejoicing that at last
they can have an engine that runs on coal oil
faultlessly. All this is the result of gasoline
going up because of the big automobile demand.
Kerosene costs 0 to 16c less per gallon than gasoline—
and gasoline keeps on going up higher and higher.
This engine runs on less thnn hulfthe cost of n gaso¬
line engine right now. Also runs on any engine fuel.
Perfection Kerosene Engine
15 Days9 Free Xr'a*
You can have this remarkable
money-saving engine for 15 days*
free trial. Go to your local dealer,
ask him to show you the “Perfec¬
tion” and have it sent to your farm.
Try it thoroughly for 15 days. If
at the end of that time you aro i
entirely satisfied, return the
engine to your dealer and .
every dollar you have paid
for it will bo refunded
cheerfully w
AM) DON’T MISS our
free Engine Book. Get
a copy from your deal¬
er. In the event that
your dealer does not
carry the “Perfection,**
write to us.
Caille Perfection _
Motor Company, 211 Second Av.t Detroit* Mich.
JACOBSON
SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING
WATER TANK.
No Freezing No Overheating
No Large TV ater Tank
The Agency is available in some sections and
111
valuable in all.
JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO.
Irvine Street Warren, Pa.
rcow
| STANCHIONS |
AND
.STALLS,
Highest Grade— Sanitary
Not a particle of wood about them.
Quick to open — Quick to close —
Quick to please — Quick shipments.
Ask for 1910 Catalogue.
BOWEN & QUICK, Mlrr. Auburn, N. Y.
Wanted at Once— A Man
To Maks $100 Per Month Above Expenses
1500 MEN THROUGHOUT THE U. S
ARE MAKING BIG MONEY
with our large lino of over 80 different household neces*
sities consisting of home remedies, extracts, spices, soaps,
perfumes, toilet articles, stock and poultry preparations,
polishes, etc. all guaranteed under the National Food
and Drugs Act and conforming to the Pure Food require¬
ments of every state. Sold chiefly to country people.
We import, manufacture and sell in enormous quantities
Capital and surplus over one million dollars. Factory
floor space nearly 5 acres.
Wo want one man in each unoccupied locality to take
full charge of everything pertaining to our business in
his district. Must be of good health and habits, honest
and industrious, not under 21 nor over 50 years of age,
able to furnish outfit similar to that illustrated above,
also several responsible men to vouch for his integrity.
Such under our instructions can make not less than
$100 Per Month Clear Profit
above expenses first year, $1800 second year and $2400
third year. Colored people or women not considered.
Previous experience or more than ordinary education
not needed as with our thorough free course of instruc¬
tion in salesmanship the work is easily learned and a
big, pleasant, healthful, honorable and permanent busi¬
ness quickly established.
If you can’t meet requirements don’t write: if you
think you can you aro the man wo are looking for and a
postal will bring you full particulars by return mail.
Lots of new men starting and territory filling rapidly,
so i f i nterested write at once else territory vacant in your
locality will bo taken.
W. T. RAWLEIGH CO. 30-40 Lib. St. Freeport, 111.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
146
MARKETS
Week Ending January 27, 1911.
BUTTER
The market for fancy creamery is slightly
improved. Other grades dull, with condi¬
tions favoring buyers. The fresh packing
stock arriving is in bad condition, some
selling below 15 cents.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 26 0
Good to Choice . .24
Lower Grades . .21
Storage . 19
State Dairy, best . 24
Common to Good . 19
Factory . 1G
Packing Stock . 12
m
® .25
@ .23
.25
.25
-23
18
.15
©
CHKKSK
Some price cutting is noted on all but
top grades of full cream. Demand for Win¬
ter made is very light.
Full Cream, best . 15 @ .17
Common to Good . 12 @ .13
Skims . ,05 @ .12
EGGS
There was a slight improvement this
week, but at this writing the market is in
bad condition. Receipts from the West are
heavy and there is the same urgent effort
to clear out the storage stocks on hand.
The finest fancy white are retailing at 45
cents and best mixed down to 35.
White, good to choice . 32 ®
Mixed Colors, best . 28 @
Common to Good . 20 @
Storage . 14 @
W estern, best . 25 @
Under grades . 20 ®
.35
.30
.25
.17
.28
.24
BEANS
Market decidedly easy on all commercial
sorts, especially the Kidney varieties.
Marrow, bu . 2.30 @ 2.50
Medium . 2.16 ® 2.25
Pea . 2.10 @2.30
Yellow Eye . 2.10 @ 2.20
Red Kidney . 3.10 @ 3.20
WhlteKidney . 2.90 © 3.00
HOPS
Market is at a standstill. Conservative
estimates place the amount left in first
hands at less than 1,000 bales.
Prime to Choice . 27 @ .29
Common to Good . 22 @ .25
Pacific Coast . 18 @ .22
German Crop, 1910 . .50 @ A3
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 @ .24
Standa rd Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
Trade is light, but tone strong on most
grades of apples, including chops.
Apples, evap. fancy . 12 @ 13
Evap., com. to good . 4)6 @ .11
Sun Dried . 05 ® .07*4
Chops . 04*4® .04*6
Cores and Skins . .04 @ .0416
Raspberries . 28 ® .30
Cherries . 15 ® .18
FRESH FRUITS
Apple market firm and slightly higher on
both box and barrel fruit. Cranberry trade
light but market in strong position.
Apples, Ben Davis, bbl -
@ 4.00
King .
@ 5.25
Greening .
@ 5.50
York Imperial .
@ 5.50
Baldwin .
@ 5.00
Western —
Newtown, box .
@ 2.50
Spitz, box .
@ 2.25
Rome, box .
© 2.50
Winesap. box .
@ 2.50
Gano. box .
@ 1.75
Cranberries—
Cape Cod. bbl .
@ 9.50
Long Island, bbl .
© 9.50
Jersey, bbl .
@ 8450
Fears, Kieffer, bbl .
© 3.26
Strawberries. Fla., qt .
. .30
© A0
slow.
HONEY
especially
on buckwheat
Trade
grades.
White Clover, lb . 12 ® .16
Buckwheat, lb . 09 @ .10
Extracted, lb . 417 © .09
VEGETABLES
Potato market continues very weak, con¬
siderable Maine stnto
down to .$1.50
dull. Onions in
and State stock
per sack. Cabbaf
large supply and i
Potatoes— N. Y. State, 180 lbs . 1.35
Long Island, 180 lbs . 1.50
Bermuda, bbl . 4.00
Maine . 1.40
Sweet, Jersey, bbl . 1.00
Brussels Sprouts, qt . 05
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 2.00
Carrots, bbl . 1.00
Southern, new, bbl . 2.00
Cabbage— Danish seed, ton . 8.00
Domestic . 6.00
Red . 25.00
Celery, doz . 15
Chicory, bbl . 2.00
Escarol, bbl . 3.00
Endive, French, lb . 12
Kale, bbl . 1.00
Kohlrabi, Southern, bbl . 3.00
Lettuce, *6-bbl. bkt . 1A0
New Orleans, bbl . 2.50
Peppers, Southern, bu . 3.00
Onions, Orange Co., bag . 1.50
Conn. White, bbl . 4.00
White pickle, bu . 75
Peas, Fla., bu . 2.00
Romaine, Southern, *6 bbl . 1.50
String Beans, bu . 2.00
Spinach, bbl . 2.00
Squash, bbl . 1.75
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75
White, bbl . 1,00
Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches . 2.00
Egg Plants, Fla., box . 4.00
Parsnips, bbl . 1.75
Parsley bbl . 2.00
selling
;e very
ower.
@ 1.60
© 2.00
© 6.00
© 1.75
® 2.50
© .12
© 4,00
© 1.50
© 3.00
©11.00
® 8.00
©30.00
@ .55
® 3.00
© 3.50
© .13
© 1 J2»
® 44X1
® 2.50
@ 3.00
© 4.00
® 2.25
© 6.00
© 1.00
© 4.00
@ 1.75
® 3.00
© 3.00
© 2.25
® 1.00
@ 1.60
© 3.00
© 6.50
® 2.25
© 4.00
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Market on tomatoes, radishes and mush¬
rooms slightly improved. Cucumbers very
dull.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 1.75 © 2,00
Mushrooms, lb . 15 © .30
Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 4.00
Tomatoes, lb . 15 © .35
Rhubarb, doz bunches . . . 50 © 4>5
LIVE POULTRY
Trade is moderate. Chickens running
poor. Holders trying to work prices on
fowls to a higher level.
Chickens, lb . © .13^
£owls . . © .16
Roosters . @ .u
Turkeys . ,15 © 18
DRESSED POULTRY
Trade is dull. Receipts are not heavy,
but large supplies reported on the way.
Turkeys. Fancy . .24 @ .25
Common to Good . 18 @ .22
Chickens, roasting . 18 @ .22
Common to Good . 13 @ .17
Fancy broilers, lb . .25 © .28
Fowls . 12 ® .16
Capons, best, lb . 24 © .25
Medium grades . 22 ® .23
Small and Slips . 15 © .20
Ducks, Spring . 15 ® .20
Geese, spring . 12 @ .15
Squabs, doz . 24K) ® 5.00
Guineas, spring, pair . 65 @1.00
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Calves are selling slowly. Hothouse
lambs of the better grades somewhat im¬
proved.
Calves, good to prime . 12 @ .13
Common . . 419 @ .11
Lambs, hothouse, head . 6.00 @11.00
Pork. light . 12 @ .12*6
Medium to heavy . 10 © .11
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 © .17
HAY AND STRAW
Market firm on high grade Timothy. Dull
on medium. Straw selling slowly.
Hay, No. 1, ton . 21.00 © 22.00
No. 2 . 19.00 @ 20.00
No. 3 . 16.00 ® 17.00
Clover Mixed . 12.00 @18 00
Clover . 12.00 @ 16.00
Wild Hay . 9.00 @ 104X)
8traw, Rye . 9.00 @ 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 @ 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers, 100 lbs . 5.00 ® 6.60
Oxen and Stags . 4.00 @ 5.00
Cows . 2.40 @ 4.50
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 8.00 @11.00
Culls . 4.00 @7 00
Sheep, 100 lbs . 2.50 @ 4.50
Lambs . 6.30 @ 7.00
Hogs . 7.80 @ 8.90
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.23 @ ...
No. 2, Red . 1.00 @ ...
No. 1 Macaroui . 1.07 @ ...
Corn, as to quality, bush . 52 @ .53
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ .40
Rye . 80 @ .85
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 26.00 @ 27.00
Standard Middlings . 25.75 @ 28.00
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 294X)
Hominy Chop . 22.50 @ 23.60
Linseed Meal . . 35.00 ® 36.00
Com Meal . 24.00 @ 26.00
Home Fertilizers
Mixed
Some day you will want to mix your own
Fertilizers, so as to get them CHEAPER and
BETTER than any other way. You need
my book on Home Mixing, containing
FORMULAS
and instructions, as well as other informa¬
tion. Send your name and address on
Post Card to
WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director of Propaganda
71 Nassau Street, New York
NO BRANCH OFFICES
and his book will be
sent you
Entirely Free
A $100 HORSE
I may qnickly become worthless by developing a
I curb, spavin, splint or going lame. Don’t eacri-
1 flee him. Cure him with
Quinn’s Ointment
I It cures permanently and absolutely all common 1
I horse ailments. The unfailing remedy of years
I which bos the confidence of horse owners. SI . a
1 bottle. All druggists or by mail. Testimonials free.
W. B. Eddy & Co. Whitehall, N. Y,
KENDALL'S SPAVIN CURE
The world-wide remedy.
Once used, always used.
Cores Spavin, Splint, Ring¬
bone, Curb, Swellings, Lame*
ness.
$1 a Bottle; 6 for $5
All druggists. Getfree book,
“Treatise on the Horse.”
DR. B. J. KENDALL CO.
Enosburg Falls. Vermont
k
Before You
PH SAVE Your Sheep
PH SA Vi E Your Hogs
PH SAVE You Feed
/ PROVE IT Before You Pay
Don’t stand by and let your Iambs and sheep die off.
Don’t let your hogs be eaten up alive — contract
diseases and die.
Don’t let your cattle and horses continue to look
as if fed on straw — thin, scrawny, shaggy, dull, —
though you’re feeding them well.
The trouble is they are fall of worms — full of par¬
asites that are sapping their lives away — killing them—
eating up your profits, while you are standing by,
and wondering what’s the matter.
Stop it — - stop it quick. It’s costing you a lot of money. I will do it,
and prove it before you pay me a cent. All I ask is a chance to
show you how SAL. - VET
The Great Worm Destroyer
and Conditioner
will quickly stop your losses — how it will straighten up your
sick lambs, sheep, hogs and other live stock — how it will rid them of
all stomach and intestinal worms and parasitic infection — how it will
put life and vim into the blood — aid digestion and stimulate the
appetite — help them to get more good out of their feed in less time.
You’ll marvel at the change Sal-Vet will make.
TESTIMONIAL FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN SHROPSHIRE ASSOCIATION.
."W® have used Sal-Vet as preventative of worms in our flock of sheep, and have great
ia-'th 'n it- We keep it before them all the time, both when at pasture and in the barn
1 he sheep like it, and we can truthfully say that our sheep are free from worms'
although we have run sheep in our pasture quite thickly for the past fifteen yoars ”
HENRY L. WARDWELL, Springfield Centre, N Y
SAL- VET is a medicated salt, containing seven medicinal elements —
which act like magic. It speedily gets rid of the cause of disease and death
losses — WORMS — kills and expels them — then it puts the stomach and digest¬
ive organs in the pink of condition. Put Sal- Vet where your stock can get it at ^
all times — they’ll doctor themselves — and you will be astonished at the results. ^
Remember — don’t send any money — simply send the coupon — I prove Sal-Vet ^
does the work before you pay. It costs about one-twelfth cent a day per sheep or hog. 0
o*
You can’t afford not to accept this offer — if it does what I claim you make
money — if not you’re nothing out. The publishers of this paper will vouch
for my responsibility. Fill out the coupon now.
Sidney R. Fell, President,
THE Sm Rm FEiL COMPANY, Oejd.R.M.Y. Cleveland, O.
Prices: 40 Ib«., *2.25; 100 lbs. $5; 200 lbs. *9; 800 lbs. $13; MX) lbs. *21.12
v*°.
4W
S'
P* ^ ^
■' A-\Y
140
'TMK RUKAL NKW-VOWKliK
February i.
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best tliat can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send lor Hooklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
The Milk Pail that
Keeps
Milk
Clean
IV ill you try
one I O Days
Free f
I” tlie only Olio tlml In n real at keeplnir milk < lean.
There Ih no nlianre lor conlalnlnat •oil. Mill , purr, amt
" tv eel, I oh L a h It Im ill a wo from the ™w, ein.P. Ill Into
the | »n II noil It In all Unit ,/,„■* go then- “lllil shelf"
cali’haa all hull iln.t „r tilth Unit (alia In, in lh„ row or
uilihia. Milk ‘‘lii,rf>»o Jon ref Iii-.iiiihii It I , mill ft |inre.
The pall la rlithl ahapeil, airohK, iiioiIh to Inal, ;.,/«// to
■mthli. Von can’t know how Komi It In till you m>, p Hinl
try It. I'llrn, »2.r,0, Aak your ilenho . Iflm IniHi’t It we
will hioiiI trial pall inopald. Simply return It if you don’t
like It. Kl ro 1’llTlllnr. A, I, Irena
STERILAC COMPANY, S Merchants Row, Boston, Mass
Wo take nil cltnmtOH, for wo know yon w III lllcn It.
Belli pi’i’)«iltl. If not niMhIuoI orv, rot iirii ol our
oxponw. All tliif rymon approve It. '1 In-
Sterilac Milk Pail
Cook Feed
(ltd largewt prollU from liorw-H,
row*, Iiok», nlloop nml poultry liy
leading rooked feed. (,’oatM In,
than mw to reneli market tupping
condition. The I 'm inri *’ Favorite
I'o'il (looker mid Itollrr In practical
mid Inrxpemdvo. Roll* nan, render*
lard, coo KM HClappIc, idcilll/.cM milk
cam , Ih>IIh Hpraylng mixture*.
Send for Hjiirlol enle 11*1,.
LEWIS MFC. CO., BuxC. Cortland, N T.
foolish
question
No. 41144
J^Pays Big
Did the $25.00 to
$35.00 profit you paid
the agent make his
cream separator any
better in material or
workmanship? That’s
a foolish question, but
there’s a sensible
answer to it in the
Economy Chief Dairy
Guide for 1911. A
postal card will bring
it to you free. Write
today.
%
)
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Chicago, Illinois
BALANCING HOME-GROWN FOOD.
Will you give rue a balanced ration for
illcli cow for producing ••. good (low of
milk and making butter? Corji on the car,
oats and wheat I have raised on farm, to¬
gether witli clover hay and coarse corn fod¬
der and oat straw. Gluten meal, $1.50 per
100; linseed meal, $2.50 per 100, hut think
that to be high priced, i'dw is Holstein
grade, fresh, calf three weeks old. The
whole wheat to he ground, or Is It better
to sell wheat and buy bran and middlings?
Wheat 05 cents per bushel; bran, $1.50 per
100; middlings, $1.05 per 100.
Pennsylvania. w. o. k.
Your feed dealer seems to be doing
business on the “get rich quick” style to
charge $2.50 per 100 for oil meal and
$2 to $5 per ton more for other feeds
than the market price. While wheat is
retailing here at $1.20 per bushel you
can get but 95 cents. Under these con¬
ditions 1 would not advise buying much
grain, for the cost of hauling added to
the difference between the cost and sell¬
ing prices would practically take all the
profits off. For the grain ration I would
suggest grinding the ear corn, oats and
wheat all together and mix three pounds
of gluten feed with six pounds of the
home-grown mixture. (Jive your cow
all the clover hay and corn fodder she
will eat. This ration will give you a
nutritive ratio of about 1 : (>, which is
rather wide, but will produce fairly
good results. The price of oil meal
makes it prohibitive. As you have no
laxative or succulent feed in the ration
you will have to guard against constipa¬
tion. if your cow has any trouble in
this respect 1 would suggest feeding a
little molasses or beet pulp with the
grain ration if it can he procured in
your locality. c. s. 0.
A CONCRETE STABLE FLOOR.
On page 1010 of last year 11. A. J.
asks for information in regard to lay¬
ing cement floors over plank, and
whether two inches thick would be heavy
enough. I have had a little experience
along this line, and my opinion is, that,
unless your floor was absolutely solid,
which, over a basement would be al¬
most impossible, it would not, hut would
crack and leak, lit Mr. Brigham's plan
in the same article, 1 think that it would
he much better to place the fence wire
reinforcement near the bottom, than near
the top, for though while near the top
it would help keep the floor from c rack¬
ing, if placed near the bottom, it would
not only do this, hut would also ma¬
terially strengthen the floor, as before
any part could settle the wires must be
broken, or the hard top coating be
crushed together. Five years ago 1 built
some box stalls, or pens, in my barn,
over a basement. The cross sills were
heavy timbers, supported on posts K! feet
apart. The joists were 12 feet long, and
placed three feet apart. Over these I
laid a floor of two-inch plank, spiking
them down firmly, and where there were
any cracks, through which the mortar
would run, 1 tacked lath on the under
side to stop them. Over this plank floor 1
laid a coat about one inch thick, composed
of one part cement to two parts sand and
two parts clean gravel. Before this
hardened enough to prevent nailing
through it, I laid on it heavy woven wire
fencing, being careful to let the edges
lap over nearly a foot, and fastened it
to the sides, and to the plank floor, with
wire staples. I then put on another coat
of concrete to two inches thick,
mixed same as bottom layer, and finished
with a coat about one inch thick, of one
part cement to two of sand, raising it
thicker at edges to prevent moisture get¬
ting in next to boarding. Ever since
built, these pens have been occupied,
practically all the time, by horses, colts,
calves or hogs, and the floors are still
as perfect as the day they were laid,
while, in two other pens, built the year
before, and floored with two thicknesses
of plank, with tarred roofing paper be¬
tween them, the floors are getting unsafe,
although used only a part of the time,
and never occupied by hogs. 1 have
since tried one or two experiments with
lighter floors and without the wire re¬
inforcement and they have proved fail¬
ures. I am now thinking about a con¬
crete roof for some small outbuild¬
ings. Will some one who has had ex¬
perience tell of their success along this
line? w. m. H.
Constable, N. Y.
Front Door, $4.60
Suir
Neweb
Price
$2.57
w*
Price
$2.86
I'M
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Art Window.$3.75
Oak
Plate Rail
and Picture Moulding. 4c per ft.
Onk Flooring, 100 lineal feet, 52c Mantel, $23.23
1911 Spreader
Bargains —
Unrivalled
Values
Starting at
$
42?
— Delivered in Michigan. Slightly
more in other slates owing to increased freight charges. Just as big values through¬
out our full line of complete machines. You must get our book to see your spreader
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steel wheels, f>0 to 100 bushels capacity, or our Wagon Box Spreader, you can’t beat
the Detroit-American quality, no matter what you pay. 19 improvements last year
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Detroit-American
You take no risk before you buy and our un¬
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spreader In the world could make good on It.
Get our hook and you'll know why. Read about
the e ear less construction; read how much more
steel we use. Then you’ll know the reasons for
Detroit-American remarkable simplicity and
strength. Six changes of feed mean efficiency.
AMERICAN HARROW CO., 1636 Hastings Street, Detroit, Mich.
It’s the mistake-proof spreader— you can’t
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Big Free Book
and freight-paid price before you do n tiling
about getting any spreader. We’re offering
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PETER COOPER’S PURE BONE DUST
THE OLD RJCLIABIjIS SINCE 1827
STERLING BRANDS OF
COMPLETE FERTILIZERS
SPECIAL BLENDS FOR SPECIAL CROPS
•• Send fire Hooklet. ; ;
PETER COOPER'S FERTILIZER,
for the land’s sake
use Bowker’s fertilizers. They enrich
the earth and those who till it. It pays
the farmer to buy and it pays the a^ent
to sell Bowker’s; the former because
they ^ive bij^ field results, and the latter
because their national reputation and
popular favor make them easy to sell.
Forty years of experience, prompt service,
the best materials, the best faeilities are behind
every bag of Bowker’s. A brand to tit every
crop and every pocket book.
We want agents wherever we are not now
represented. Write today for prices and terms;
this may mean a good business for you if you act
at once.
Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue and
calendar. We want you to know Bowker’s before you
buy your spring fertilizer.
o \T U* D FERTILIZER company,
O V-J W Hi tv 77 Lyman St., Buffalo, N. Y.
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers.
l#l 1
the KUKAL NEW-VOKKER
1-V7
Quickest Poultry Profits
On Smallest Investment
Here Is your chance at large, sura
poultry profits. Quick result t guar¬
anteed— proved on most liberal FREE
TRIAL. Greatest bargains over of¬
fered because highest quality made.
Let us prove It before you risk a cent on
any machine. Start right and at our risk.
f.
} f A Buys the Genuine
0 U 100-Egg Unito Incubator I
■■■ 100-Chick Brooder $3.50
Only $10 for Both Together]
That beats thorn all by tri.00 to #7.00. You’ll wiy
ro when you know the machines anti see re¬
sults. Hclf- regulating — self- ventilating— finest
beating system In both, fiend for Illustrated
catalogue showing construction and giving
full details of our plan for saving you
money hy selling only goods of guaran¬
teed quality direct to users from 18 big
factories. Write
for offer quick.
The United
Factories
Company
llepl.XSl
( It \« I uml,
Ohio.
BUCKEYES
50 EGG
INCUBATOR
6
Rlmplo. self-regulallng, complete.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchahlo
egg. Sold on 40 days trial with money
hack In case of failure. 180,000 In uso
If your dealer doosn t keep them Write to us. We'll send
you our catalogue and two books, “Making Money the
Buckeye Way’Tand “51 Chicks from 50 Kggs.“ Free
THE BUCKEYE INCUUIOB 0, 508 W, EofUd 1.MU0, SprtnBlWd.'llWo.
Dulls. r* of Bookoyo Portablo Poultry Houooo
Than You Can Build '
Sold Choapor
MAKE HENS LAYH
morr ; forger, morn vigorous chicks;
I f heavier lowh, l»y lcrtlmg cut bone.
IVV-JI/W IIJLIIU’Q latest model
I mAHIV O HONE CUTTER
■ catf hint, cu*y, fine; nevrr clogs,
|1Q Day* Frt> Trial. No money in advance. Hook free.
HF.W.MANN CO.. Box lO.MILFORO.MASS.fll
Try Tha
Bull Dog Feed Grinder
TO Day’s Frets
You ran grind 5000 bu. of cob au<) corn to
txblo rncai with o no net of Rollers an<l Con¬
caves. Damp grain can’t clog it — imilfi
Won’t break it. lion only 2 Inch working
leverage which account* for light running.
Got our FREE Catalogue and Hampton
CROWN POINT MFQ. CO..
204 E. Road. Crown Point, Ind.
“Hatching- Facts” Free
I want to send you my 1911 Booklet. Just send name and address
on a postal— I'll mail you my latest edition of “Hatching Facts'* — the most
unique most convincing right-to-the-point piece of literature ever pub¬
lished on Incubators and Brooders and Poultry Raising for Profit. It gives
Vyou just what you want— quick— tells you how to start right at least
expense. < My Belle City Incubator won the World's Championship last
season. “Hatching Facts'' tells you all about it- tells you of hundreds of
other wonderful hatches. Write for the Booklet today— or if in a hurry ,
order direct from this advertisement— hundreds of others do. I'll send book,
too. Anyway, read remarkable offer below: j. v. rouan. e,a. c>„ Com.J
55 140-Egg
Incubator Made
$4.85 Buys the Best Brooder
Both Incubator and Brooder, Ordered Together
Cost You Only $1 1.50 — Freight Prepaid
WHY PAY MORE? Investigate— send your namo and address
today, the easiest way, by postal or letter. I tell you the
prices right here— anil how my machines arc made. Yon can
have ninety days’ trial on both incubator and
brooder— and I’ll send nil money back If they
do not do all I represent.
Bo sure to send for my illustrated, free book¬
let, Hutching Facts.” But, If in a hurry, you
arc perfectly safe In ordering right now from
tills ad. Thousands do tills way every year.
1 guarantee to ship all orders sent from this nd
on day received— (from warehouse neurest you,
Sllun-fe’U .Nu- ^^“PPointme'itH. Order a Complete 140-Chick
Belle City Hatching Outfit. Send only *11.50 for both Incubator and
Brooder— freight propuld (East of Rockies). You’ll surely need tho
140-Chick Bello
City Brooder
ONLY
$4.85
brooder, too. So mnko
tho savings. Satisfaction
Guaranteed or money back.
The
1 40-Egg
Belle City .
| Incubator Only $7.S5|
Freight Prepaid
East of Rockies
BELLE CITY
WORLD’S CHAMPIONSHIP
Incubators and Brooders
pH**'
No risk, however you order. B
editor of tills paper knows mo to bo
responsible— I vo advertised In this paper for
many years and treat my customers liberally
1 vo always given ray customers more for their
money than any other incubator manufacturer
in the world; that’s why we do so much business.
Belle City Incubators will hatch more cllick-
ens under tho same conditions — than any other
Incubator made, or your money will be refunded.
I his I guarantee. Double walls— dead air space all over-copper tank
find boiler hot writer heritor host regulator — (loop, roomy nursery—
strong egg tray— high legs— double door— and everything that’s anv
good on an Incubator— all In the Bello City. “Tycos” tliermorn •ter-
ejrg tester— burner and safety lamp Included. The Belle City Brooder
is the only one having double walls and dead nir spaces. I guarantee
it to raise more healthy chicks than uny other Brooder made.
I lot-water top hoat— largo, roomy, wire runway yard, with plat¬
form — metal safety lamp and burner.
Complete Hatching Outfit Only $11.50
nvnr Zfjv000 Jna®j1,p®8 ,n UHO— nil doing perfect work. Tho
Hello City should bo your choice. Scad your order now or
send a postal card for Hatching Facts” booklet and full par¬
ticulars. Don t pay more than my price. No machines, at
uny price, are hotter hatchers or brooders.
Mrs. M. J. Clifton, of Quinlan, Oklahoma, won tho World’s
. . , . , „ Championship with her Bello City incubator by hatching tho
*coro ,n Successful J arming's 1910 prl/.o contest of 188 entries
cauucitv of thiT SotM 40 ch‘,?ksi hatfhed. This was 100 % perfect on tho full
Ddee of ‘theShUlir ^'iny Incubators selling at from 2 to 5 times the low
I B®1”* City did not equal or Oven approach this performance. Thousands
of testimonials show you Bello City can do best for you ulso.
- _ J. V. Rohan. President
Belle City Incubator Company Box 48, Racine, Wisconsin
- jj
f.
Read
This
Lettor
Tim Quakku Oats Co.,
Gentlemen: — l was feed¬
ing I bushel Gluten, 1 bush¬
el Urun, and 1 bushel of
Corarncitl mixed, (equal parts
hulk) when I wan advised to
feed 1 huxhnl Gluten and 2 bushels of
Hch Umar her Stock Feed. I was milk¬
ing 18 cows: in II (lays my cows gained
C 2 11x4. of milk. They continued to do
fine. 1 used up my supply of Hchu-
maeher and went ufter more hut the
dealer was out. I bought hran and
meal and went hack to my former ra¬
tion. In 2 days my rows dropped down
60 lt)H. in milk. I bought more Schu¬
macher lei soon an I could, and am
getting very fin# reunite again. My
cows not only vivo more milk but keep
in tetter condition. 1 have also fed
my horseii Schumacher Feed and I
never had them keep in an good shape
doing heavy work.
C. II. Auras, Delevan, N. Y.
We Say it Again!
You Are Losing
Money end Milk
Every Day You Put Off
testing the Now Schumacher feeding plan. We don’t ask you to take
our word for this— just read the words of your fellow-dairymen herewith. We
could fil? this and a dozen more pages with letters like these from the best
and largest dairymen in the country, telling how thiH simple plan
Saves $525. to $822. a Ton
produces a remarkable increase in milk and puts cows in the fin-
You certainly want such results, ftonyt you 7 You can get
ns if you will mix
Schumacher Feed
(to the amount of two-thirds your ration) with any protein concentrates such as Gluten, Malt Sprouts,
Distiller’s Grains, Oil Meal, Cotton Seed Meal, Blue Ribbon Dairy Feed or similar high protein feeds you
are feeding. That’s simple — that’s easy. The reason it works ho well is:
A
on feed and in addition
est kind of condition,
them as sure as day dawns
Gained
30 lbs.
\froml*
Cows
Milk prices were never higher. Coarse grain prices never moro favorable, making it
possiblo to Bell Schumacher at or below the price of bran.
Schumacher Feed, a kiln dried, ground com, wheat, oat and barley products feed,
scientifically blended is the most perfect “balance” you can get to complete
a ration nuch as you want for milk making and to build up and maintain good flesh and strength
so necessary to enable your cows to stand long, heavy milking periods.
By cutting down your high cost concentrates you save $5 to $8 a ton— have a
better ration for tho purpose — got more milk — and when cows are dry
First
Second:
i ration nuch i
bo necessary t
Third:
they are ready for tho butcher without any expensive “fitting." A test will prove
and please you. As a hog feed you will find Schumacher especially fine. Get it at
your
dealer, if ho hasn’t it, write us. By all means try it now
while every drop of milkmeans money to you
Tho Quaker Oats Co.,
Chicago , U- S. A.
Tub Qumif.il Oath Co., r
Gentlemen: During the past
few mouths I have been feeding
my dairy a ration composed of
equal parts of Gluten Feed ami
Distillers Grain. About two
weeks ago I left out the Dis¬
tillers Grain and began using
Schumacher Feed In Its plan
and feeding Just the same
amount. In 2 days my dairy has
gained DOlbfi. of milk per day. Ill
of these cows have been milked
since last March and April.
The most important point In
this test Is the fact Uint. while
Schumacher's cost me $fi.(KI per
ton less than liieDlHtillersGruIn,
my cows actually gained In milk
production |»y feeding it, and at
a time when, as every dairyman
knows, it is the tendency for cows
that have boon milked continu¬
ously as long as these have,
to shrink.
J. K. Mtiiikay, Freedom, N.Y.
_ _ _ _
You Will Find Schumacher Stock Feed Especially Fine For Hogs. Try It.
148
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 4,
The Henyard.
As noted, it is slow starvation for the
younger set to feed together chicks of two
sizes, but something may be gained, if it
is unavoidable, by establishing “cities of
refuge” with good food inside palings just
large enough to let the kids through,
taking care to reset the bars as they grow.
F. c.
I did not like the statement that the
book, “ The Business lien,” was prepared
nearly 20 years ago, when it was compiled,
copyrighted and sent out as a premium in
1004. 1 consider it a good work and like
The It. N.-Y., but when you call down other
people whose papers do not lit the goods,
it disgusts me to read statements so utterly
at variance with the facts. No doubt great
changes have come in 20 years, but not such
an awful lot in seven. However, I en¬
close the dollar to see if there is the great
difference between the two books.
New Hampshire. i. m. woolson.
We like deep scratching in the hen-
and it is 05 per cent or more new blood.
yard, and a little scrapping shows quality,
bur friend is wrong. The writer compiled
" The Business lien ” in 1800. We admit
it was not much of a book then, but that
was the date — 20 years ago. Again, in
1004, the book was revised and issued as
" A New Brood.” Now it has been re¬
written and issued as “ The Latest Hatch,”
I have been reading “Hope Farm Notes,”
page 58, about hens. 1 would like to give
an account of 30 White Wyandotte pullets
and their egg record for the month of
December, 1010. These 30 pullets laid 021
eggs, at an average price here of 50 cents
per dozen. They were all hatched between
May 1 and .June 8 and were raised in a
yard about 30 feet square; 51% dozens at
50 cents per dozen. .$25.87. 1 cannot tell
just what it costs to keep a hen a year,
as we have some table scraps, but would
say one-half cent per day is a fair price,
counting feed at retail price. J. E. W.
So. Glens Falls, N. Y.
I notice an inquiry for a cure for gapes.
Having struggled to raise chickens on an
old place infested with the gape worm, and
losing numbers, I have found copperas the
best thing. For two years 1 have not
onlv kept chicks up on boards four weeks,
but given copperas in drinking water daily
from very first till at least two months old-
in fact, all Summer. Last Summer 1 did
not have a case of gapes, and Summer be¬
fore very few. A lump, size of grain of
corn, to a pint of water. My pullets, not
having been stunted by the gapes, have done
better this Winter than any 1 ever raised.
1 also have had less trouble with white
diarrncea with chicks in brooders since
using copperas, or sulphate of iron.
West > irginia. mks. b. w. t.
1 just read the article about the Jersey
hens, from Mr. W. J. Dougau ; they cer¬
tainly break the world's record. He must
get an average of 20 dozen per hen, and
average 50 cents per dozen, or he must
get 52 dozen per hen in a year, which will
be 384 eggs in 365 days, because I think
30 cents per dozen the year around is about
all a farmer or poultry man can get for
tahle use. I do not believe a hen can be
kept for less than a dollar per year. I
will give you my bill of fare. 1 have 2o0
chickens, ‘including the roosters, divided in
three sections. The morning feed is 12
quarts of wheat, worth about 30 cents.
At noon a mash — live pounds of beef
scraps— 16 cents; at night, about one-half
bushel of corn, worth 25 cents ; six quarts
of oats for the hopper, worth 10 cents;
loan in the hopper and mash, worth nine
cents; total, 90 cents. Besides this, for
the mash, about one-half peck of second-
grade potatoes and some short-cut Alfalfa,
and all the mangels and cabbage they will
eat, which I do not charge, because the
droppings would be worth that, and no
charge for straw for scratching ; no charge
for grit and oyster shells. Ninety cents
a day would be $328.50 per year, or a trifle
over $1.29 per head. H. r. Y.
I’erkiomen Valley, l’a.
Hens Eating Eggs.
I am troubled with my hens eating eggs;
not much, but a few of them. Is there
anything I can do? Would it be caused
by improper feeding? 1 feed dry mash
composed of ground clover, cornmeal and
mixed feed in equal proportion, and about
half as much animal meal. They have
oyster shells before them and cracked corn
lor scratch food. A. C. W.
New Hampshire.
They probably got into the habit through
tasting an egg broken by accident. If
there are only a few egg eaters we should
catch them at it and take them out. Cut
off the end of the bill so it will hurt them
to strike an egg with it. Generally it
pays best in the long run to kill the few
egg eaters as you catch the first ones. It
sometimes helps to “doctor an egg by
blowing out the contents and refilling the
shell with red pepper and mustard. Then
let the egg eater sample it. A special nest
can be made of leather or burlap with a
hole in the bottom, through which the new-
laid egg rolls onto a soft place below.
Business Hens and the Census.
I noticed some time ago an article by a
correspondent of Thio K. N.-Y. in regard
to the poultry and egg industry of the
country, whether the census returns could
be relied upon ; but I have come to the
conclusion that if our Government census
is as inaccurate and unreliable in all re¬
spects as in regard to the poultry industry
there can be but little confidence placed in
any of the reports. I presume there are
verv few people, comparatively speaking,
who know that the last two Government
enumerations took no account of the poul¬
try or other live stock, except horses, in
any of the cities or villages of the country,
and very few people, I believe, have any
idea of the enormous number of “ business
liens ” there are in the cities and villages
of the country. Taking this village as an
example, with a population of about 5,000,
I think it safe to say that there were as
many fowls (counting the chickens raised
and the fowls kept) as there were in¬
habitants during the last census year.
Within sight of my home there arc 16
people who keep anywhere from 10 to 100
fowls, and 1 think this is perhaps an
average locality, and if that is the case
in this village, what must be the result
when the thousands of villages of this
country are considered?
As to my reasons for the statements I
have made in regard to the census re¬
turns, in the enumeration of 1900 I was
one of the enumerators, and had the whole
town of Ballston to enumerate, which town
contains a part of the village of Ballston
Spa, in which I live, and finding there
was nothing in regard to fowls except in
the farm schedules, I resolved to try to
have the matter attended to in the next, or
last, Government census. So, in August,
1907, 1 wrote to the Department of Com¬
merce and Labor, calling attention to the
facts, and asking that the Department have
the matter attended to, and received the
following reply :
“ Keplying to your letter of recent date,
concerning the enumeration of fowls in
cities and villages, 1 thank you for your
suggestion, and, in formulating the sched¬
ules for the agricultural census of 1910, the
matter will be given consideration.”
“H. I*. C'lIII.DEUS,
“ Acting Chief of Division.”
Then imagine my surprise when the
enumerator came around last Summer to
find there had been nothing done in regard
to the matter. It seems to me that the
people of the country should know these
things, so that they can form a more cor-
cstimate of the value of the census
rect
reports.
New York.
B,
N. G.
Mud and Hen’s Toes. — About a week
after writing you about growths on hen’s
feet 1 discovered it was just mud and wet
horse manure which they had been scratch¬
ing in in their yard. After closing them
up with nothing but straw to scratch in
the lumps soon disappeared, but in one
case at least the toenail came off with the
lump knocked off in running. They arc
doing very nicely now, and are beginning to
lay fairly well. H. J. F.
Giassport, I’a.
Rearing Deer by Hand.
Can a deer or young fawn eight or 10
or 12 weeks old be raised by hand, and
how long must it have milk after taken
away from its mother? Can a deer be
trained to a halter to be tied up like a
calf? J- s. k.
Tylersville, Pa.
Fawns are usually taken from the doe
when 10 or 15 days old and reared with
cow’s milk. This is the only way to
make them perfectly tame. We are about
to issue a bulletin on the subject of rais¬
ing deer, and nearly all your correspon¬
dent's questions can be answered from the
experience- of breeders given in the bul¬
letin. D. E. LANTZ,
Assistant Biologist.
SAVE HALF Your
Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT— proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange."
Made in all colors, — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE.
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
Tells »11 about Paint and Painting for Durability.
How to avoid trouble and expense caused by paints
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuable information
freo to yon. with Sample Color Cards, Writ* me. DO
IT NOW. I can save 70a money. —
0. W. Ingersoll, 246 Plymouth St.. Brooklyn, ILY.
Bryan’s Colic Remedy for Horses.
will relieve the most obstinate case of colic, within
one hour. Price $1.25 per bottle, by mail, in the
United States or Canada. „ '
BRYAN DRUG CO., Chatham, N. J.
Good for
All Farm Stock.
Sloan’s Liniment is an excellent
remedy to keep on the farm for
lameness in horses or cattle, hog
cholera, chicken distemper and
roup. HERE’S PROOF.
Mr. O. Bullock, of Sims, N.C., writes: — “I
have used Sloan’s Liniment for twenty years for
horses, hogs, chickens, cows and myself. If a
horse or mule gets sick I give him some of your
medicines and I cure him. Your medicines are
the best that can be found on the market.”
GOOD FOR HOGS.
Mr. Geo. Oswald, of Cameron, Mo., writes:
“My hogs are sick and I am trying your Lini¬
ment on them. I gave- the first dose last night
and the worst one is up today making its bed.”
SLOANS
LINIMENTI
is an antiseptic remedy, very pen¬
etrating, needs no rubbing.
Price, 50 cents and $1.00.
Book on care of stock sent free.
Dr. EARL S. SLOAN, Boston, Mass.
Poultry EXPERTS
SAY
This 19 the
Most Practical
Helpful Book on
Poultry Raising
Published
We sent a copy
to every promi¬
nent poultry-
man, requesting
each to write us
their candid opinion about it. Here is just j
one. We have dozens more equally as strong:
Storrs (Conn.) Agri. Exp. Station
Gentlemen I have just examined your now catalogue.
This is one of the best things of the kind I have seen.
You are to be congratulated upon the high character of |
this publication. L. A. CLINTON, Director.
It is a book that either the beginner or the
experienced poultryman will find of vital I
interest, because it contains the actual ex- 1
perience of the most successful poultrymen.
YOU WANT THIS BOOK
ITIC rorr » Write a Post Card
II 3 mtt. for a Copy TODAY
As one illustration of its valuable contents
there’s a letter from a man who, .with the help
of his son, cleared $12,000 last year raising poul¬
try. Four years ago he had no experience. It
tells how to make money on the ordinary farm
with poultry — how to make money raising
ducks— how to select layers— what breeds are
best for different purposes — liow to feed,
breed, rear and hatch profitably and econom¬
ically — how to overcome disease and a hun¬
dred and one other important things. It
describes the 1911 Sand Tray
PRAIRIE
STATE
Incubators
<& Brooders
which are revelations fn
rtificial incubation machin¬
ery. Not built on theories,
_ _ _ but on experiences that have
proven successful and profitable. You want to read about
and investigate this season's Prairie State machines before
you buy. Send for this book and get the most valuable poultry
raising information that
has been published. The
edition is going fast.
Send at once to insure
getting a copy promptly.
Prairie State Incubator Co.
406 Main St. Homer City, Pa.
$
Oil Buys IBy Double
W Wall, Hot Water
Fatty Egg Incubator
A lietter machine for the money cannot be had. Guaranteed to
hatch every fertile egg. Double walls, llot water tank covers
entire top of egg chamber. Absolutely self-regulating. I’ve
built incubators for 30 years.
800,000 Satisfied Users of
Stahl Incubators
lOO egg size , price $7.60
200 egg size, * $9.60
80-page catalogue shows full line of
Excelsiors, Wooden Hens, Brooders,
etc . W rite for it to-day .
GEO. H. ST UHL
. fully Box 250 >B, Quincy, III.
guaranteed
THINK
OP IT
Ask
lb.
editor
ol this
paper il
Stahl and
his Incu¬
bator are
V'N
Tj
Make Your
Hens Pay Better
Perhaps, Mr. Henman, you go “by the book” and
think because you do, you’re getting about all there is in
poultry. Well ! here’s a point worth your further consider¬
ation. The expert knowledge which you’ve gathered from the
published experiences of others will net you many more good dollars
if you’ll follow “The Dr. Hess Idea” for the care of hens, and mix
in the morning mash which you give them a small daily portion of.
DR,
Poultry PAR-A-CE-A
Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a wakes more of the. hen's food digest. That means less food lost through non-assimilation
more food converted through the proper channels into meaty eggs. Hens getting Dr. Hess Poultry Pau-a-ce-a stop
robbing at the trough and begin paying in the basket. It makes healthy fowls and good profits a certainty. It
carries young chicks safely past the many dangers of early chickenhood. It makes market birds and old
fowls fat rapidly and it prevents such common poultry troubles as roup, cholera, gapes, etc. Ask your
dealer for Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a. Remember “ The Dr. Iless Idea— a poor ration weft digested,
is better than the best ration poorly digested.” A penny’s worth of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a o__
feeds thirty fowls one day. Sold on a written guarantee. \jJmrg A
1J lbs. 25c; mail or express 40c; 5 lbs. 60c; 12 lbs. $1.25; 25 lb. pail, $2.50. Jnh-yA
Except in Canada and Extreme West and South.
& CLARK
DR. HESS
Send 2 cents for Dr.
Ashland, Ohio
Hess 48- page Poultry Book, free.
HESS STOCK FC5D :
milk in the pail and more flesh on the steer. It is
a guaranteed preparation which no up-to-date
farmer can afford to be without. Keeps farm
stock in thriving condition — relieves minor stock
ailments.
organs of horse, cow, steer, hog or sheep, to keep
them healthy and active. Thus its use means
increased appetite ; more ration assimilated; more
100 lbs. $5.00; 25 lb. pall $1.60
Except in Canada and Extreme West and South. Smaller quantities at a slight advance.
Send 2 cents lor Dr. Hess Stock Book, free.
INSTANT LOUSE KILLER KILLS LICE
1 911.
THE RURAL NEW-VORKER
149
HANDLING INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS.
Will you give me information as to how
Indian Runner ducks are cared for, when
market eggs are the consideration? Can
they be made to produce eggs in Fall and
Winter as hens do, and can they do well in
confinement? What would be the consump¬
tion of food for a flock of 100 Indian Run¬
ners for one year, from the time they
reached egg producing size, which I pre¬
sume is when they are about six months
of age? w. w. p.
Lexington, Ky.
If I were to give the most succinct
and helpful rule possible in a few words,
it would be “Keep the birds out of the
wind, and feed considerable meat” This
is precisely the rule for best treatment
of hens ; but the ducks have this ad¬
vantage; their natural food is far more
largely meat than is the case with hens,
so that we can feed this stimulant and
egg-maker more freely, without the
same danger of breaking the birds down.
\ our question about confinement must
be limited by a definition of what we
mean by “confinement.” Absolute con¬
finement, such as is often the lot of
hens in Winter, would, I feel certain,
result far more fatally for ducks than
it sometimes does for hens. Not only
would it mean, in the end, lack of eggs,
but also, I fear, loss or injury of the
ducks. They greatly prefer the open
except in the most cutting weather. Yet
life in the open in a severe Winter will
not bring eggs. Hence it is a problem as
to just how much of a compromise to
make, and the rule I gave at the outset
comes as near a general rule as one can
get. An open shed, with possibly two
boards on the front at the bottom, but
without cloth front, and with the best
of soft bedding in at least a portion of
it (six inches or more deep, and re¬
newed often enough to keep it fluffy),
will furnish the best conditions in any
moderate temperature. It is possible
that those far north will have to close
the shelter at night. When some one
of them has tried it, I hope he will let
me know. I do know that Indian Run¬
ner ducks are raised in Canada and
New Brunswick, and I think Canadians
know them even better than we of the
United States. Unless you are in a
highland district, I do not think you
need more than a shed and good bed¬
ding. In Summer, so far south, you
vyould be more likely to have to pro¬
vide cool conditions, especially partial
shade.
As to feed, the general rule, again,
will help the largest number of people.
This rule is that the Indian Runner is
fairly equal to a Leghorn in tempera¬
ment, weight, food requirements, etc.
My feeder says the ducks need a little
more feed than the Leghorns. It de¬
pends on severity of weather, freedom
of laying at any specified time, etc. In
any case, if your ducks are noisy, at
any time when they should be quiet, it
is likely to be because of hunger. The
only other condition in which they are
noisy, is when they are delighted in
play. But the noise then is not the
loud, insistent quack which means
hunger. Study of the birds will show
you how to handle them. Some get
eggs on mostly corn ; others use bran
as the base of a mash. Green food, grit
and shell as with hens but finer. As
to Winter laying, reports vary, as with
hens. Yearlings and early-hatched
young ducks do most of the Fall laying.
January and December are the “short”
months. Mrs. IT, a mid-West breeder,
reports 75 per cent of her Runners lay¬
ing by the first of February. This is
the best definite report I know about.
c. s. v.
Roman Guide (impressively) : “The
ruins of the Coliseum !” Seattle Man
( astonished) : “Well, what do you
think of that ! Why, I saw photographs
of that heap twenty years ago.” Roman
Guide (loftily) : “Quite likely, sir.” Se¬
attle Man : “But why in thunder aren’t
those ruins cleared away and a modern
Coliseum erected?" — New Orleans Pic»r
yune.
A Billion Dollars Poultry Money For 1911
A Big Share of It Belongs To Every Farmer
and His Wife — Why Not Get Your Share?
Free To You, Postage Paid — This Big
'E WANT to send you, postpaid, our big free book
ahers Cat
W1 of 212 pages — the Cyphers Catalogue and Annual
Poultryman’s Guide — just off the press. We will
gladly mail it on request to any earnest farmer, or farmer’s
wife or daughter, who realizes that the farmer is the
natural poultry man — and the farm is the natural place to
raise poultry for profit.
This new Year Book for 1911 tells about the wonderful
money-making possibilities in raising chickens. It states
that over one billion dollars will be the total value of the
poultry and. eggs produced in America in 1911. And it
tells why this is so, on the authority of Hon. James Wilson,
Secretary of Agriculture.
212 Page Guide to Poultry Profits
Send us your name
and address today. We
want to hear from every
farmer who realizes the
true importance of the
poultry industry — who
wants to make more
money from his present
acreage and who wants
to know how to go
about it. That’s the
true intensive spirit. It’s
the spirit that is mak¬
ing farmers successful.
Our 1911 Book “Prof¬
itable Poultry Raising”
will make the way clear
to you. It makes it easy
for the inexperienced to
start with asmall invest¬
ment and certainty of
success. Don’t confuse
it with ordinary catalogs
; :*-PR0FSTA3L£f "'
POULTRY RAISINS
I :
cjXnrrt C*T»ioGuCi«..Di,cvi:x'K'V?a,iM _
, CYPHERS INCUEATORl
" COMPANY fl
BUFFAt-O. N.Y. U.S. A. T
' ■ b* - -
INCUBATORS. BROOOF.RS '
KL POJCTRY APPLIANCES. POODS
“* AND STANDARD SUPPLIES
ISM
Free, Postpaid to Any Address If
You Mention This Paper
Poultry and eggs are two of your most important crops.
Don’t forget that !
They are worth your best effort and best attention. You
must have the right equipment — a real incubator!
The Cyphers is the logical incubator for the intelligent
farmer who uses modern appliances — for whom the best is
none too good.
It is the greatest “hatching machine” on four legs that
was ever invented. The Standard Cyphers is a hot air ma¬
chine— because that is the best method. It has absolutely
no heat or moisture worries— no ventilation or regulation
uncertainties. It is used by more Government Experiment
Stations, more large poultry plants, more leading fanciers,
and by more progressive, successful farmers than all the
others put together.
-it is a text book besides, on all branches of poultry rais¬
ing- 212 large pages full of just the information you need.
And every page is interesting, helpful, inspiring, practical.
See pictures of the world’s largest, best paying poultry
plants. See letters from users, farmers, fanciers, experi¬
ment stations. Let these people who know give you the
facts then profit by their experience. See the Standard
C yphers Incubators and Brooders in all sizes, illustrated
and described in detail. Also our one hundred standard
poultry specialties. Write for this book now— the biggest
book about the biggest industry — a billion dollar business.
Send coupon below or a postal now to learn how to get
your share of the profits.
Cyphers Incubator Company
Factory and Home Office#, Buffalo, N. Y.
Branch Offices and Stores:
N«w YoHc, N Y. Boston, Mass. Chicago, III
23 Barclay St. 12-14 Canal St. 340-344 PL Clark St.
Ci*y. M«- . Oakland, Cal. 2,000 Local
317-319 Southwest Bird. 1569 Broadway. Selling Agents.
Pimlinve Incubators r~ Memory-Jogger I
III lfrlX s . ™s.ier"incLs, to send today for Cyphers Company’s new
ana Brooders 1 b??k £rofi‘3ble Poultry Raising” and complete 1911 catalog- »
* wvvswi O , of Incubators, Brooders and Poultry Supplies. I have in mind -
the purchase of a . size incubator (or) . size brooder.
are fireproof and insurable. Every machine is fully and
positively guaranteed.
Don’t throw away your money on a cheap, built-to-sell
incubator— a never-ending waste of time, money, temper
and eggs. Own a Cyphers first— and you will never know
what incubator troubles are.
My name is.
LMy ad'
address is .
Cypher# Incubator Company, Dept. 38 , Buffalo,
NY I
Perfect Equipment is THE Secret of Our Success!
With the experience
ence gained in operating the largest Poultry Plant in the World,
knowledge of the several makes of incubators is greater than the hie
our
greater than the manu¬
facturers’. For the sake of economy WE
built an incubator giving results never secured
by any other make, and we now offer it to the
public. The
INTERNATIONAL
Self-Humidifying
INCUBATOR
is responsible for our great success, and will give to the struggling beginner
all of the profits and none of the losses. Absolutely automatic in every
function, unvariable temperature, certain moisture from the mo¬
ment of starting the hatch until nature requires a cessation in order
to properly dry the newly-hatched unit of future profit— so thor¬
oughly safeguarding its entrance into poultrydom as to guarantee
its livability when raised under the very acme of “Foster
Mothers,” the
INTERNATIONAL
SANITARY
HOVERS
This Hover makes possible the rearing of the maximum of chicks and the minimum
of deaths — 90^ to !Wi)j live and thrive and grow, ft is the only device that contains
the active principle of the hen, and the ingenuity of man can go no further.
Our best efforts are centered in the production of Day-Old-Chicks and Hatching
Kggs from matured stock. No pullets’ eggs are used except for table
purposes.
We have just completed our 1911 catalog on incubators and hovers,
also our stock catalogue on Kuiicociih Strain It A It V CHICKS and '' f
HATCHING KGGS. You are welcome to either or both of these
catalogs. Send to-day.
INTERNATIONAL POULTRY SALES COMPANY
Home Office, Box 285. Brown’s Mills-in-the- Pines, N. J.
Branch, 21 Barclay Street, New York City
125 Egg Incubator and Brooder
Why pay more than onr price f If ordered together we send
both machines for 810.00, and pay all the 'freight charges,
te^aouble wall*’ ~ **- - u— *■ - j • *
— - - Tr*’V’ **““ uvi^uv GUtU^CB, ”
Hot wate redouble wails, dead -air space between, double glass doors, cc
Nursery underneath the egg- tray.
~ ** - mnlntn nntk * n n,.. - 1 _ _ _
®° cover inferior material. It you will compare our machines0 with ^othera* offered at anywhere"
wtw1’0 of yonF arlor*J Don,t until you do this— you’ll Bare money. It pay^to!™
vestigato the Wisconsin before you buy. Send for the free catalog today, or send J n your order and save time
- - WISCONSIN INCUBATOR CO.. Boy I 18. Racine, Wis.
jj And They Don't Havo
to bo Fanciers
Poultry is part of straight
I business farming— oUen
the best payingpart.Send
for 1911 Free catalog and
start right. Learn the way
Robert H. Essex, the incu¬
bator authority and poultry
y expert, advises. iThe 1911
Essex Model Incubators and
Brooders are the latest and best money makers for
farm poultry raising. Every man, woman and child
who keeps even a few chickens, should read this
highly instructive book. Free, write for copy.
ROBERT ESSEX INCUBATOR CO.
94 Henry Street Bulfalo, N. Y.
ESSEX-MODEL
isCUBATOB
r’ gr QuAurr
.Buys both
An Incubator and Brooder bar-
' gain unparalleled— the biggest
capacity and highest efficiency
ever sold for the price. You get
all the best features found on the
high priced machines and in addi"
tion you get an incubator made from special
heat and cold resisting material, with hundreds
of dead air cells which prevent absolutely, tem-
V perature changes and insure perfect hatches
every time. You are safe in buying my Pro-
B gresaive Incubator, for my “Buy Back Guaran-
H tee” offers to buy it back from you if not satis*
■ factory and pay you 8 per cent interest besides.
\ PROGRESSIVE
^ A pppp Buy right from this ad, or if you
lltLL want more Information send at
once for the “Progressive Method;” lt'a free.
— : * - * G. C, Wheeler, Mgr.
PROGRESSIVE. INCUBATOR
CO., Bon 46
Racine,
WIs.
FBKIGDT
PRKI’AIU
Bast of Buckles
160
PUBLISHER’S DESK
The spectacular career of Eugene Pur-
telle, the . Chicago broker who promoted
traction lines as a side issue and his fail¬
ure for $707-, 938.11, as shown in the Illi¬
nois bankruptcy courts, lias struck dismay
to hundreds of farmers all along the line
from Hammond to Remington, where he
did tiling's that would turn Colonel J. Rufus
Wallingford green with envy. Purtelle ap¬
peared in Indiana a year ago and organ¬
ized a $5,000,000 company, known as the
Northwestern Indiana Traction Company.
The interurban line was to enter a virgin
field and link together a score of farming
communities. Purtelle’s stock in trade was
a gold tipped walking stick and kid gloves.
Purtelle wore the gloves the hottest day
in Summer and it is declared that the farm¬
er’s bought more shares on the strength
of the gloves and walking cane than any¬
thing else. Purtelle’s entrance into the
bankruptcy courts followed a meeting of
the Indiana stockholders of the traction
company in Hammond recently, after the
banks had received a quantity of protested
paper issued by him. — Exchange.
Just as long as farmers continue to
be an easy mark for romantic promoters
and get-rich-quick schemes, so long will
we have experiences like the above to
record. A wise use of the money in
improvements of your home and farm
would pay good dividends, and the prin¬
cipal would always be safe. Don’t
throw away your savings on these fren¬
zied financial schemes.
Here is some advice from Idaho re¬
garding a recent inquiry :
On page 54 “Reader" asks about the
advisability of investing in Arcadia Or¬
chard lands near Spokane, Wash. I live
in the foot hills just off the land in ques¬
tion, and will say that in my opinion
such an investment would be extremely
risky unless the investor could be on the
ground to look after things. One must re¬
member that in this kind of thing men
must be hired to tend the orchard, and out
here hired hands seem rather short on
conscience. And there are other things
that might be said without "knocking" the
company promoting the scheme. We have
an ideal climate -here for apple growing,
and there are miles of as line orchard as a
man ever saw, but the owners are on the
spot with both feet, and have to be, for
while the soil is fairly good the growers
have just about the same list of drawbacks
as •in the East and a few extra. Nor are
the apples any better — what they gain in
color they lose in flavor. Moreover, labor
costs about twice as much out here ($2 to
$2.50 per day,!, teams something more than
that, and labor is on the whole unreliable,
seeming Jo hold a grudge against you for
owning anything. Supplies cost consider¬
ably more, and we have a merchants’ com¬
bine that makes the high cost of living a
dead •certainty. Aside from this the land
prices are inflated to the breaking point,
and the water systems leave much to be
desired, although I am told that good
water may be obtained in unlimited quan¬
tities by drilling from 100 to 200 feet al¬
most anywhere in the Spokane Valley.
Take note that short water spells failure
in tli is country as a general thing. The
grading laws are very strict and the large
amount of inferior fruit culled out must
usually be unloaded on an overstocked
market.
As ’to trucking, the local season is just
right to catch tiro low prices, and com¬
petition has in the past been very keen.
The early market is supplied by the Co¬
lumbia River gardens. In the Winter prac¬
tically everything is “dead,” with plenty
of rough characters roaming about, and I
might say that the parents who bring up
a daughter or sou to maturity in un¬
tarnished purity are to be congratulated,
to say the least. On the other hand we
have a glorious country, a line city, good
loads, fair railroad facilities, a healthy
circulation of money and plenty of room
for the man who knows and hustles and
hangs on. Any one interested may learn
the good side by corresponding with the
Chamber of Commerce, Spokane, Wash.,
but take it from me, it’s no Garden of
Eden, though the old snake is in evidence
and the forbidden fruit plentiful. I might
add that the merchants here are combin¬
ing to light parcels post, saying that it
benefits no one but the mail order houses.
God help their poor little souls — but it’s
parcels post for us just the same, and on
a 26-pound basis I think it would be easy
to lix that consumer’s dollar business.
Idaho. o. F. h.
Charged with using the mails in a scheme
to defraud William W. Wheatley, formerly
of Manchester, N. II., arrested in Lawrence
following a number of complaints that had
been made of him to Chief Letherman of
the Boston staff of postofiice inspectors,
was held in $3,000 bail for a hearing Janu¬
ary 10. XVheatly, when placed under ar¬
rest, was doing a commission business with
headquarters in a blacksmith shop at No.
(540 Essex street, Lawrence. It is charged
that he defrauded farmers in various parts
of New England and Canada out of thou¬
sands of dollars worth of goods that had
been shipped to him by them. Dealing only
in sample car lots of hay, grain, lumber,
coal and potatoes, Wheatley, it is alleged,
would defer payment until the shippers
were weary of his complaints concerning
the quality of tbe goods. Then lie would
offer about one-third of the value of the
shipment, but in hardly any ease made pay¬
ment. Inspector Robinson, who was de¬
tailed on the case, received about 70 com¬
plaints against Wheatley, who has been liv¬
ing with his family in Winchester. Wheat-
ley. at one time, did business at No. 185
Summer street, Boston, as the Wheatley
Hay, Grain and Lumber Company. Re¬
cently he filed a bankruptcy petition in
New Hampshire with liabilities of nearly
$17,000 and lawyers there for creditors
have gone into the details of his transac¬
tions in an attempt to show fraud. While
in Manchester, Wheatley’s family lived at
the North End, the wealthy residential sec¬
tion of . the city, and moved in the best
society. — Exchange.
Our people will remember that as
usual we got ahead of the post office
on this case.- In issue of April 2 last
we gave the experience we had with
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 4,
Mr. Wheatley in trying to collect a bill
for a shipment of wood. From the
nature of such cases, we can often learn
the tricks long before the inspectors can
get evidence to make arrests.- \\ e can
caution our own people, but after all it
takes the Government to put them out
of business, and the inspectors never
did better work than now. Every de¬
cent citizen ought to feel it a personal
obligation to give them every assist¬
ance possible.
I have some small savings on which the
local bank pays three per cent., but it takes
most of that to pay the taxes — and banks do
“burst” — according to the papers. Please
tell me if a person who has only small sav¬
ings — several hundred dollars to a thousand
— can invest in government bonds. What
per cent, they pay and if registered ones
mav be had iii the small amounts? Would
aot such bonds be about sure of bringing
their face value at any time?
How and where can one procure such
bonds? c. M. L.
Indiana.
Government bonds may be bought
through any local bank or any respon¬
sible stock brokerage firm, like Henry
Clews, of New York; but such small
investments are well and safely deposited
with savings banks, which pay four per
cent interest and are not subject to
taxes. These strong savings banks are
as safe as anything human can be. The
best place for investing savings is of
course in your own neighborhood where
you know the people and the security,
and you get paid for your own super¬
vision in placing the loan and watching
it afterwards. This ought to return
five to six per cent. Next to this we
would recommend the strong savings
banks where the banks do the super¬
vision and you get the value of the
money only, about four per cent.
Demands will be made upon Congress, it
is said, for an investigation of the wireless
telegraph situation throughout the United
States. Letters are being sent to members
asking that the matter be taken up. These
letters charge that a conspiracy was set on
foot to destroy the United Wireless Tele¬
graph Company because its present officers
would not surrender $5;000,000 worth of
stock.
If that was really the object of destroy¬
ing the company — a proposition which
we question — then this is one instance
when a good result followed a bad pur¬
pose. It is becoming a habit with finan¬
cial crooks to put up a bluff to Congress
in an effort to attract attention from their
misdeeds and win a show of sincerity for
their feigned indignation. The Federal
Grand Jury has already found indict¬
ments against tbe wireless promoters, and
from recent experience with the Federal
courts, we judge it will take more than
a bluff to overcome tbe cold fact to be
established -when tbe accused promoters
stand before the bar in criminal proceed¬
ings. J- J- il
Don’t Put Off Painting —
It Will Prove Costly
The longer you put off painting
the more oil and lead the job
will take.
While you wait your buildings
rot, exposed to the weather.
The cost of paint made of
“ Dutch Boy Painter’’
white lead and pure linseed oil is not
so high as you may think.
For an average house, the cost now
of this genuine old-fashioned, mixed-
’ - to-order pure white lead paint is not
more than $4 or $5 greater than it
used to be. Much cheaper than
repair bills.
Write for our free
"Painting Helps No. 308 ”
NATIONAL LEAD
COMPANY
NewYorlc Cleveland Chicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
(John T. Lewis A- Bros. Co..
Philadelphia)
(National Lead and Oil Co.,
Pittsburgh)
AND UPWARD
SENT ON TRIAL
FULLY
GUARANTEED.
— AMERICAN ==
SEPARATOR
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily
cleaned, perfect skimming separator for $15.95.
Skims warm or cold milk. Makes thick or thin
cream. Thousands in use giving splendid satis¬
faction. Different from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity machines. The bowl
is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest
improvements. Our richly illustrated catalog
tells all about it. Our wonderfully low prices on
all sizes and generous terms of trial will astonish
you. We sell direct to user. No agents. Our
guarantee protects you on every American Sepa¬
rator. Western orders filled from Western points.
Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great
offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS,
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO
BOX 1075
BAINBRIDGE, N. Y.
A Money Making Book
About Money Making
Poultry — F REE
Write today
for “Money Mak¬
ing Poultry.” the
, newest and best Poul-
, try book published. Tells
r you how to get more eggs—
, better quality fowl formarket
r —how to judge and select
breeds— how to improve stock
—everything necessary to make
a success of a big poultry farm
or small flock.
If it is a Barred Rock, Ask
if it is Pittsfield Strain
“Money Ataking Poultry” was
prepared by F. W. Briggs.
America's leading poultryman,
whose breed in Maine Barred
Rocks are known everywhere.
It tells how he cares for his
flocks on the Pittsfield farm
and how he produceswinners,
Breeding and utility stock,
day old chicks, and eggs
for hatching. Write to¬
day.
Pittsfield Poultry
Farm Co.
416 Main St.,
Pittsfield,
Maine.
THE FARMER’S FOWL— Rose Comb P.eds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOis. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
INGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS— Quality
S
BUGS $1 .00 — Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
_ try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. I,nrge illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
20
Aristocrats! White Wyandottes!
FREE TO FARMERS
A Valuable 160-page book entitled
“SILO PROFITS”
Written by 200 of the most successful
Feeders, Farmers and Dairymen In
the World. (L^* Every farmer In
America should read tills book, and
as long as our supply of these books
last we will mail one copy free to
each person asking for it. It gives
theactual experience of these farm¬
ers and In their own words. // III
Our Factories are located at An- til
derson, Ind., Des Moines, Iowa, and
Kansas City. BiSSQ>Write NOW “OM_ D _ r;i 11
Missouri. - JVS? for this book 3110 rrOIllS
INDIANA SILO COMPANY .
BIS Union Building, Anderson, Indiana
RfiHfi BROWN and White Leghorn Hens; Giant Bronze
OUUU and White Holland Turkeys. Bred for heavy
winter lovers. Numbers to suit.' Prices reasonable.
THE AMERICAN POL'LTKY PLANT, Collins, Ohio.
COLUMBIAN WY ANDOHES— Beauty & ut ility combined.
Splendid, vigorous Cockerels and Pens mated. Ad¬
dress RALPH Woodward, Box 28, Grafton, Mass.
| Cock-
i erels,
pure white, up to standard weight, April hatched;
full of vitality and vigor; ready for spring work.
Your choice for $2. R. R. TURNER, The Plains, Virginia.
THURUUGH-BREU POULTRY— Best twenty varieties.
Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1; 40, $2. Catalogue.
II. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
p/^p'iT'C'p'CT Q— Prize -Winning Breeding
LU dVdA-EL Stock— Black Orpingtons
and Minorcas. OUUOUETAUG FARMS, Uld Mystic, Conn.
Dfl II I TDYMEM- Send 10 cents for our tine 60-
rUUL I II I IllLll page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
Eggs For Hatching” Island Reds—
Indian Runner Ducks. Higb-class stock-
utility, sfiow or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 002
FifthSt reet. Brooklyn, N. Y. _
BUFF WYANDOTTES setting of
15. LAWRENCE KSSELSTYN, Clnverack, N. Y.
Everything in R. I. Reds.
Stock the best, prices the lowest. CHICKS now
ready. Overlook PooltryFAHM, Foxboro, Mass.
Kean’s White Wyandottes.
Bred for large size, heavy laying, vigor and fancy
purposes. Eggs, $10 per 100, $5 per 45, $2 per 16.
A few choice Pullets yet to sell.
E. FRANKLIN KEAN, Stanley, N. Y.
e f Whito Tfl(nuirnQ~0rders taken f°rChicks
u« v. it 111 It LLj-jllUlllj and Pullets. Eggs for
hatching ready. All from one of best flocks in ex¬
istence. My 50-hen pens averaged all winter 200
eggs weekly. A. J. Rosemund, Hasbrouck Heights, N. J.
Pure Bred Bronze Turkeys
From Prize-winning Strains. Stamp.’
MRS. HARRIET CHUMBLEY, Draper, Ya.
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages. 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen¬
dar for each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greider, Box 58.Rheems.Pa
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
WINNINGS— Madison Square Garden, N.Y., 1910—
4th Pen-S. C. BLACK URPINGTUNS.
5th Pen— WHITE PLYMUUTH RUCKS.
Baltimore, Md., 1911 —
1st Pen— 2d PULLET and 5th CUCKEREL
S. C. WHITE LEGHURNS (three entries).
We are now booking orders for
HATCHING EGGS and DAY-OLD CHICKS.
We have for sale at moderate prices the best lot
of breeding Cockerels tluft we have ever offered.
UIU ITC I cnunRNQ Wo will have some
If HI It LtUnUnllO promising April
_ ' a N n _ hatched Single Comb
M u White Leghorn Cock-
PEKIN DUCKS
hatched Barred Rock Cockerels sired by 10 pound
cocks for $3.00 and $5.00 each. Remember our
strain of Imperial Pekin Ducks, Madison Square
Garden Blue Ribbon Winners, is second to none.
Have 1,000 now to select from. Orders booked for
early delivery of batching eggs in any quantity or
day-old chicks and ducklings. Also Bronze Turkeys
and their eggs for sale. Incubators 10,000 eggs ca¬
pacity. Cyphers agents. Correspondence invited.
Satisfaction guaranteed. The only large successful
plant in the vicinity of New York City. Donnie
Drae Poultry Farm, New Rochelle, N. Y.
IVIT. PLEASANT FARM
A breeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
IS. O. W. LiEGHOmM IS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y, HAVRE DE GRACE, Maryland.
Kirkup’s Utility Strain SX. White Leghorns
Bred for vigor, size and large white market eggs.
Eggs and Baby Chicks for sale. Custom batching a
specialty. Semi for circular. Kirkug Bros., Mattituck.L.I.
Baby
Chicks 10c EachTsTugr t-’:ee ?ele-cted
- 1 - - - ^.ngle iComb White Leg¬
horn. Can furnish in any number I ain booking
orders for early deliveries. Circular free. CHAS. R.
STUNE, Baby Chicken Farm, Staatsburg-on-Hudson, N. V.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHUlt.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks, $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery guaranteed. Satis¬
faction. CAUL W. LLOYD, Mgr., HILLSIDE,
Westchester County. N. Y.
Davis S. G. Reds i?K COCKERELS
$3 and S5 each. EGGS FOR HATCHING.
BABY CHICKS— $15 and $20 per 100 after March 1.
BUUK URUERS NGW. Uavis Poultry Farm, Berlin, Mass
PDIII TRY- 35 Best Breeds. Bred for Laying.
rUULI n I Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
Indian Runner Ducks_S",i,XS“:
Eggs, $1.50 per 13; $8.00 per 100. F. J. FULLER,
Waterport, Orleans County. New York.
LARGE TUULUUSE GEESE, White Wyandotte Cockerels
and White P. Rock Hens and Cockerels for sale.
Prices low for quality. E. Schieber, R.2, Bucyrus, Uhio,
THUROUGHBREU Mammoth Bronze Turkeys— heavy bone
and fine plumage. Mrs. Floyd Kirby, Draper, Va
T LJC PCI FRRATCn HUNGARIAN AND ENGLISH
I HE UELCDnfllEU PARTRIDGES ANO PHEASANTS
Wild turkeys, quails, rabbits, deer, etc., for stock¬
ing purposes. Eancy pheasants, peafowl, cranes,
swans, storks, ornamental geese and ducks, foxes,
squirrels, ferrets, and all kinds of birds and ani¬
mals. WENZ & MACKENSEN, Dept. 10, Plieas-
antry and Game Park, Yardley, Pa.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or tine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. "Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1814
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, X. V.
1911.
THE RURAIi NEW-YORKER
161
CONTENTS
The Rukal New.-Yorki;b, February 4, 1911.
FARM TOFICS.
A Farmer on Present Conditions . 122
Drilling Wheat Both Ways . 122
Agricultural Education . 122
Some Enemies of Alfalfa . 123
A Nebraska Corn Grower Talks . 123
Irrigation by Pumping . 123
Horseradish and Dandelions . 124
A “Back to the Land” Man . 125
Onions on Swamp Land . 126
Maine Potato Boom on Decline . 126
Back to the Land . 128
Income From an “Ordinary Farm”.... 129
Killing Out “Dog Grass” . 129
Crop Notes . 130
Lime Exposed to Weather . 133
Potato Questions . 133
Hope Farm Notes . 134
Value of First Generation Corn Hybrids 135
New York Agricultural Society . 137
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Points For That Hen Woman . 125
Those Nine-Dollar Jersey Hens . 127
When Should Pullets Lay? . 133
Trespassing Pigeons . 133
Cows With or Without Freedom . 140
Heifer With Cough . 140
Unnerving . 140
Cow Barn Ventilation . 141
Eczema in Pigs . 141
Garget . 141
Heaves; Worms . . 141
Rations With Ilome-grown Grain . 142
Balancing a Ration . 142
Stale Bread for Cows . 142
Value of Hand Separators . 142
Milk Produced at a Loss . 143
Lice on Calves... . 143
Cow With Cough . 143
Periodic Ophthalmia . 143
Need of the Summer Silo . 144
Soiling Crops in Oregon . 144
Rape for Milch Cows . 144
Balancing Home-grown Food . ! . ! 146
A Concrete Stable Floor . 146
The Ilenyard . 148
Hens Eating Eggs . 148
Business liens and the Census . 148
Mud and Hens’ Toes . 148
Rearing Deer by Hand . 148
Handling Indian Runner Ducks . 149
HORTICULTURE.
Working Over Old Apple Trees . 121
Orchard Heating . 124
Greenhouse Attached to House. ....... 124
Orchard Taxation . 124
Sawdust as Mulch . 125
Orchard Heaters in Maryland . 130
Resodding an Orchard . 131
The Caro of Sour Cherries . 132
Pecan Tree in New York . 132
When to Plant Nuts . 132
Best Sweet Cherries — Pears . 135
From Day to Day . 138
Cleaning Flues with Zinc . 138
The Rural Patterns . 139
Canning Beef . ’ 139
Dyeing Carpet . . ... . 139
M I SCE LLA NEOUS.
Parcels Post Opponents . 121 122
Success With an Pressure Water
System . 126
Profits in Canning . 126
Graft in Condemned Produce.... 131
Editorials . 136
More Express Robbery . 137
Publisher’s Desk . . . . . . 150
A FARM POULTRY AND EGG SHOW.
A farm poultry and egg show given by
country boys, in a neighborhood 10 miles
from a railroad and how it happened, should
be the proper title for this article. To
my mind the greatest problem on our farms
to-day is to interest our country boys in
farm life and keep them with us. To do
this successfully, they must have something
of their own to love and care for and make
money from ; also something that other
boys have a common interest in, with a
chance to get together and talk things
over. Still better, is a chance to learn
to work together for some object of rural
improvement. With this idea vaguely in
mind, 1 helped organize a Boys' Pigeon
Club, when the pigeon craze struck the
farm boys in their neigliborhod about a vear
ago. Although five or six years older than
most of the boys, the common tie of an
interest in pigeons and the fact that I
had sold some of my surplus stock to sev¬
eral of them soon made us friends. Then the
notion of a club struck them, and they
organized one evening last February, as
they expressed it, “to encourage the keeping
of pigeons.” They elected one of their
number president and myself, as secretary.
Other officers and an executive committee
were added as occasion called for. They
decided to meet at their homes everv other
Friday evening, to admit only pigeon keep¬
ers, and to restrict the membership for
tin* time being to 14. Strangely enough,
after the first wave of enthusiasm, attend¬
ance and interest continued unabated, it
being seldom that more than one or two
members were absent. Minutes are read,
short papers are written and delivered
b.v the boys themselves, pigeon magazines
subscribed to and studied, and practical
questions are asked and freely discussed.
They also transact some business, buying
some of their supplies together and operat¬
ing a corn grinder under joint ownership.
They finally adjourn for a social half hour
and a “feed” of homemade cookies and
fudge, reaching home in good season. The
boys now look forward to Pigeon Club night.
As one of their folks said, “Why George
never began to live until he joined the
club !” Of course it has not been all plain
sailing, nor is it yet, for the personal equa¬
tion is strong at 14 to 16, and we have an
amazing diversity of character in our small
numbers. The Sandy Spring Pigeon Club,
at first commonly regarded as a joke and
nicknamed “The Squabs,” began to receive
attention if not respect. When the club ex¬
hibit cleaned up the pigeon prizes at the
country fair, nothing could hold them ; they
must have a show of their own. With no
funds to go on except unlimited enthusiasm
and with no certain evidence of the boys’
working capacity, the secretary was no so
enthusiastic. At length, he agreed to lay
the matter before the Grange and other
neighborhood organizations, proposing a util¬
ity show for farm poultry, giving especial
attention to eggs and dressed fowls. To
his surprise, the plan was endorsed by
nearly all the organizations and three of¬
fered prize money aggregating .$12. Kind
words and prize money, however, do not
pay for a show, so he put up a proposition
to the boys. If they would get up an en¬
tertainment by themselves and prove they
could work, he would stand for the show.
They went to work and delivered the goods,
although a week late, clearing over $23. The
affair took with the people because it was
so thoroughly “boy” all the way through, a
short play, songs, and a minstrel by the
boys, mixed with music by local talent and a
paper on pigeons made up the programme.
This left three weeks in which to get up
a show, meaning that circulars and posters
must be printed and distributed, advertise¬
ments solicited, material bought and coops
built, chicken raisers visited and induced
to exhibit and attend, and all this without
interfering with school duties and without
previous experience of any sort to help out.
One bunch built coops, getting together
for three or four days when they could be
spared from home. The coops were made
2x2x2 feet for poultry. 2xlxl foot for
pigeons, with bottoms of 12-inch boards,
frames of 1x3 inch stuff covered with un¬
bleached muslin, 27 inches wide, and fronts
of upright pieces of No. 8 wire (No. 6 would
be better), tacked on with staples. An¬
other lot turned out with horses one sharp
morning and plastered the countryside for
10 miles around with posters and let every
farmer know that the great and only show
was on its way. One attraction was a free
lecture on “Farm Poultry,” by an expert
from the State Experiment Station, who
also acted as poultry judge and gave his
services free of charge ; $5 each was of¬
fered for the best dozen eggs and the best
dressed fowl, and all the entry fees were to
be returned as prize money, which were 25
cents for a live chicken, ‘ 10 cents for a
pigeon ; eggs and dressed fowl free, pro¬
vided exhibitors contributed them to help
defray expenses. Another time we would
charge a 25-cent entry fee for the latter,
believing more would be exhibited. And all
this could be had for an admission charge
of 25 cents : “come one, come all !”
During vacation week, every club mem¬
ber took hold wherever and whenever he
could, with little confusion and much prog¬
ress, so that on the evening of December
28, they were ready for businef in the
old but well lighted sclioolhouse, with 123
new, neatly built coops, a clean sawdust-
covered floor and a great bundle of ex¬
pectations. On the 29th, the first annual
poultry, pigeon and egg show of the Bandy
Springs Pigeon Club opened. The work
was again divided up among the boys,
some feeding and watering, some cooping the
birds, some making out entry and premium
cards, keeping the door, etc. The judge
did his part well and drew a large crowd
to his lecture in the Lyceum Hall, a few
rods away from the show room. His
audience to a man, or rather to a woman,
I should say (for we would have been lost
without the encouragement of the neighbor¬
hood women) flocked over after the lecture
and cheerfully invested each his quarter in
what we had to show them. Live fowl en¬
tries numbered 78, being mainly Rhode
Island Reds, Barred Plymouth Rocks, and
White Leghorns, although many other va¬
rieties were represented by fine specimens
of purebred poultry. Sixty-three pigeons,
entirely of squab breeding varieties, formed
an attractive display, particularly eight im¬
mense birds, weighing between two and
three pounds each, the only exhibit from
outside the neighborhood, and secured as
a display in exchange for the advertise¬
ment given to the owner, a resident of our
county.
Luckily for 11s the first day and evening
were mild, drawing a good crowd, but -the
second was cold and disagreeable. That
and the numerous distractions of the Christ¬
mas season caused the attendance to fall
much below our expectations. Friday night
found us, however, with everything paid
for and with a small balance assured, which
included the possession of 84 chicken and
39 pigeon coops, raw material costing 39
cents and 21 cents each respectively. Final
returns, owing to a slump in the' price of
eggs and dressed fowls, show a balance of
23 cents, plus $2.50 prize monev donated by
a generous exhibitor. But the Pigeon Club
does not care : they are rich anyhow, for
they did it and did it right ! “You know we
did !”
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
DEBIT.
Material for Coops :
Lumber, 416 bd. ft.. 12x1 inch, 21/4c.$10.40
Lumber. 432 bd. ft., 3xlin., 2%c. . 10.80
Wire, 100 lbs., (2,500 ft.), No. 8
wire ,414 c . 8.08
Muslin, 170 yds., 27 in. wide, 5c.. 8.50
Staples, 9 lbs., 6c . 55
Tacks, 9 boxes, 3c & 5c box . 1.34
Nails, 35 lbs., 6s. and 8s., 3c . 1.05
Drinking cups, 12 doz., 21c doz . 2.52
Traveling expenses of judge and lec¬
turer . 25
Printing :
500 4-page circulars . 13.50
500 entry blanks . 2.75
50 posters . 3.00
200 envelopes . 1.25
Miscellaneous :
750 blank cards (filled out by
hand) . 75
150 leg bands . 1.00
60 wooden plates . 25
200 paper napkins . 20
132 premium cards, etc . 1.96
Rent of Lyceum and Schoolhouse. . . . 5.00
Prizes, Specials . 12.50
Eggs . 6.00
Live poultry and pigeons . 14.50
$106.15
CREDIT.
Proceeds from Entertainment . $21.35
Private donations from friends . 2.50
Special prizes offered . 12.50
Proceeds from ads in circular . 7.00
Entry fees . 19.75
Gate receipts. . 30.00
Two dozen eggs, 40c . 80
Sixteen dozen eggs, 38c . 6.08
Two dressed fowl, 90c . 1.80
Seven dressed fowls, 60c . 4.20
One live duck, 40c . 40
Total income . $106.38
Expenses . $106.15
Balance . .23
Donation of prize money . 2.50
123 coops, valued at . 60.00
$62.73
Maryland. reoben brigham.
^Galloway
MANURE SPREADER
The real thing. A successful 50 bushel Spreader with
more than four years of success behind it, only $39.50j
This is only one of the great Galloway line.’ Afore
than 40,000 farmers of America have stamped their
O. K. onit. They say, “It’s the Best.” This is the latest
from the Great Galloway factory. It’s part of my 1911
capacity of 40.000 manure spreaders. It is you that gets
the benefit of this tremendous output, and you save 40 to GO
per cent on your purchase because I divide the melon with
you. Every page of my big free book fairly bristles with Proof
0nly$39-
~ F.O.B. WATERLOO!
1 m
this big book
Let me quote you prices on a Galloway Spreadef
to suit the size of your farm. I’ve got the one for you. I’ll
trust you to try it. I’ll put it all up to you, and if you say it’s not what you
want. I’ll take it back and you don’t lose one dollar by the deal. Se© it
work, then vou know what it is. Here’s what you will find out :
It’s the simplest and handiest — two horses can handle
it — spreads any kind of stuff — no breakage hills — long
life — satisfaction all the way— it’s a money-maker
every day — it pays you blti profit on every crop
you use it. Now prove this out. Find out that you can
make this saving. I know something about the spreader bus¬
iness you ought to know; let me tell you. Write me and
don’t put it off till tomorrow. — WM. GALLOWAY
WM. GALLOWAY CO., 669 Galloway Sta„ Waterloo, Iowa
Let Me Tell You How I Divide the Melon with You
Guernsey Bulls
Two-year-old and yearling registered and tested
Bulls for Sale, out of advanced registered parents.
Now is the time to get a good herd header reason¬
able. HILLHURST FARM, Orchard Park, N.Y,
■ REGISTERED,
Jersey Cow mm
rnlljn Dime — GOLDEN SABLE, grandsons of
UulllU I U[IO Ch. Squire of Tytton, $7.00 each.
Clovernook Stock Farm, Chamhersburg, Pa.
Woodland Dorsets
Woodland Dorsets have been sold into practically
every State In the Union, and are giving satisfac¬
tion. I can spare fifty head of splendid ewes, all
of them bred to a very fine ram.
CHAS. B. WING, Mechanlcsburg, Ohio.
Farmers and Poultrymen.
You must not blame ns if occasionally onr end
bubbles over when speaking of our custom hatch¬
ing department as carried by our experts in our
mammoth hot water incubator. Results are show¬
ing people all over the country that we know our
business by saving them time, worry and money,
and giving them stronger chicks than the old hen
or kerosene oil fume incubators ever did. Yon
send us the eggs— we’ll do the rest— do it right and
send yon tho chicks. Write for information and
prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM. Miilerton, N.Y.
White Holland Turkeys ™&iiS
and Duston’s White Wyandotte Chickens. Walnut
Hill Stock Farm, N. Bacon, Mgr., Taleott, W. Va.
Onfl Buff and Barred P. Rock and CHR CHIC
OUU white and Partridge Wyandottes * wALfc
Inspection solicited. Price reasonable. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed. Dr. S. O. Moyer, Lansdale, Pa.
SroffiS S.C. White Leghorn RM
GEO. H. CHASE, 35 Broadway, Newport, R. I.
WILD AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS— Chicken Eggs. Hand-
**- — - ■ some Catalog 2 ct.
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville, Pa.
Rhode Island Reds~§; Comb, Tompkin’s
cock, $10. CLOVERNOOK STOCK FARM, Chambersburg. Pa.
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm p&es.^Ad dress
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster. Pa.
R C. B. MINORCAS, Cockerels, $1.25 each. Indian Run¬
ner Ducks, $0 trio. Geo. Bowdish, Esperanco, N.Y.
S, C. W. Leghorn Eggs
perlu, $8 per 100. PatapscoFarm,R.D.2,Reisterstown,Md.
Lt. Brahmas, White P. Rocks, B, P. Rocks.
Fine Birds. J. A. ROBERTS, Malvern, Pa.
SKUNKS WANTED-^ SUS
alive. Will pay good price for some. Address
JOS. ENDERLIN, Ju., &CO., ft. Front 8t„ L. I. City.
Gentleman’s Truck Farm, Stock and Tools
FOR SALE. Fifty acres, excellent nine-room
house, three porches; basement barn, 30 by 40; to¬
bacco barn, 28 by 64; two hen houses; plenty of
fruit; two large horses, 100 hens, tobacco plant
setter, two seated carriages, other wagons, twenty
tons of hay, quantity of straw. One-fourth mile
from village, trolley line and main line railroad
station. Price $6,000 — $1,850 cash, balance time.
HALL S FARM AGENCY’, Owego, Tioga Co., N.Y.
PO'D CAT C— Good Farm of 80 acres, with
vJALL good buildings. Also good
water and fruit. School and church very near,
u. F. D. Sherman Seakles, Groton, No. 12, N. Y.
FARM WANTED — Want to buy good farm suited to
1 apple culture. Will rent or work on salary an
equipped dairy farm. “C., ’’care Rural New-Yorker.
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE in the finest fruit
H growing and trucking section in the world;
fertile soil and fine climate: also a beautiful water
trout larm with timber. For full particulars ad¬
dress SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury,
Wicomico County, Maryland.
WANTFn~Pon,try fann of tl,ree to 46,1 acres,
IF nil ILL! consisting of small house and barn,
with poultry houses, within short distance of N. Y.
C. S. VAN SLYKE, 47 School St., Carthage, N. Y.
CfWUl lciTITW 4or sale at low prices in nearly all
UUUU tdlllio parts of New York State. Cata¬
logue free to parties intending to buy.
NORTHERN REALTY CO., Syracuse, N. Y.
BEFORE BUYING, send for our descriptive catalogue
U of Delaware and Maryland Farms, free. FORD
& REIS, Inc., Dept. H, Wilmington, Delaware.
Farm Superintendent
WANTED who is a
good dairyman and
knows bow "to handle help. To take charge March
1st. Address, stating experience aixl salary ex¬
pected, .MONTEFIORE HOME. Bedford Hills,- N.Y.
AJJS0RB1NE
1
Cures Strained Puffy Ankles, Lymphangitis,
Poll Evil, Fistula, Sores, Wire Cuts, Bruis¬
es and Swellings, Lameness, and Allays
Pain Quickly without Blistering, removing
the hair, or laying the horse up. Pleasant
to use. $2.00 per bottle at dealers or de¬
livered. Horse Book 5 D free.
ABSORBINE, JR., (mankind, $1.00 bot¬
tle.) For Strai ns, Gont, Varicose Veins, Var-.
icocele.Hydrocele, Prostatitis, kills pain.
YOUNG, P. D, F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
Water Witch Wanted
WANTFn-A SCIENTIFIC FARMER— Y oun g
II nil I LU married man preferred. Can take
full charge of farm in Southland. Must provide
own expenses. “G.,” care Rural New-Yorker.
S
ITUATION WANTED — Young man experienced in but¬
ter making, handling stock and farm work.
“E.,” care Rural New-Yorker.
Single Man Wanted
milker and careful feeder. German or Pennsyl¬
vania German preferred. Give particulars, with
age and experience, in first letter. Location New
Jersey. “SINGLE,” care Rural New-Yorker.
WANTED — A high-grade experienced man to take
charge of Rhode Island farm and make a pay¬
ing proposition of same. Alan must have a thor¬
ough knowledge of all branches of scientific, and
practical farming, breeding of cattle, and dairying.
Must know how to handle help and assume full
responsibility for making a show place of this farm.
Address reply to “Box R. I.,” Rural New-Yorker,
giving full details of training, education, experience,
character, and what references you can supply.
Hothouse Lambs.
Calves, Poultry, Fancy Eggs, Hothouse Products,
Fruits, Vegetables. Top prices secured for choice
goods. Correspondence solicited.
Archdeacon & Co., 100 Murray St., N.Y.
pi.I'JASK semi a trial shipnientto the Oldest Coin-
*■ mission House in New York. lCst. 1838. Butter,
Eggs. Poultry. Pork, Halves. Hay. Grain, Beans,
Apples, etc. E. IS. WOODWARD, SOU «r*emrleli St., .N. Y
Hothouse Lambs, Poultry, Calves, Fancy Eggs
Ship to W. H. COHEN & CO., 229 Washington St. , New York.
Eggs, Poultry, Meats, Produce.
Shipments solicited. JELLIFFE, WRIGHT 8 CO., Com¬
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York.
GKO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,
Commission Merchants and Dealers in all ldmlsof
COUNTRY PRODUCK, Apples, Peaches, Ber
ries Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms
aud Hot-house Products a Specialty. Consignments
solicited. 34 & 36 Little l»tli St.. New York-
Boston Produce Go.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St., - Boston.
MANATEE-florida
3
V
II
America’s Fruit and Garden Martel
— ? you an opportunity to become indepen-
aent in a short time growing
ORANGES, GRAPEFRUIT AND VEGETABLES.
Two and three crops a year nel $500 to $ 1 500
P** *cre- Quick transportation, low freight
rates on S. A. L Ry. to Northern and
Pastern markets. Uniform climate
round. Instructive booklet free.
J. W. WHITE, Geal IraL AgL,
Seaboard Air Line Ry.
Dept ft Norfolk, V*.
TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS.
Furs are high. A fact which you are all probably ac¬
quainted with. But the question is, Arc you getting
highest market value for yours? Remember we do not.
charge any commission; pay all express charges; will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory' will return and
pay all charges. Don’t you think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing ; For
further information write for our free price list and
Trappers’ Guide. Make us a trial shipment today.
Abrohams Fur 8 Wool Co., Fur Merchants, Seymour, Wis.
SHIP YOUR
FURS
To mcmillan fur & wool co.
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN,
illustrated Circular Free to anyone interested in
RAW FURS.
Trappers’ Guide Free to those who ship to iis.
One Thousand Dollars
(including $250.00 First Prize for a letter
of not more than two hundred words)
wm Explanations*^! ** “ The Reasons Why
Z
99
is the Largest Mail-Order
Seed Trade in the World
The cash will be distributed as follows :
First Prize, $250.00; Second Prize, $100.00;
Third, Fourth and Fifth Prizes, $50.00 each;
ten Sixth Prizes of $25.00 each and ten Seventh
Prizes of $10.00 each, followed by thirty prizes
of $5.00 each for the next best letters— making in all fifty-five prizes, amounting to one thousand dollars ($1000.00). Our friends, the editors of three most widely
circulated, leading American agricultural and horticultural papers, have kindly consented to act as Judges. They are: W ilmer Atkinson, The Farm Journal t
Philadelphia; H. W. Collingwood, The Rural New-Yorker, New York, and P. V. Collins, The Northwestern Agriculturist , Minneapolis, Minn.
8®” For further particulars see page 173 of Burpee’s New Annual for 1911— mailed free on application.
U
The Burpee Business— a National Institution
99
The BURPEE BUILDINGS, PHILADELPHIA. Two other buildings to the south (including a double warehouse on \ ork
Avenue) are not shown in this illustration, The entrance to offices is now at number 48s North Fifth Street. Oui Ne\v
"Daylight Addition'’ alone, with its separate Luncheon and Resting Rooms for men and women employees, has forty-two
windows oti each floor — exclusive of doors and transoms. *$*>' The First Burpee Building (seven stories) was erected in
1898 upon the site occupied by us since 1882.
Reduced Facsimile of Front Cover
Through wise advertising, splendid organizing
ability and enterprise that knew no limitations,, the
Burpee establishment has grown to be far more than
a mere mail-order house. It is today a National
Institution with a field and scope reaching beyond and
above the county fair. — From Horticulture, Boston,
Mass., May 7, 1910.
Try to visit us during the winter or spring and doubtless you will be interested in viewing the
various departments, beginning with the mail room, where the entire time of the Cashier, with six to
nine willing helpers, is occupied in opening the mail alone. The letters and postal cards sometimes
number more than eight thousand received in a single day!
“ Let us talk together,” in our mutual interests— by an expenditure, on your part, of only one cent
to mail postal card for
Burpee’s New Annual for ipil
“The Leading American Seed Catalog’’
THE Thirty-Fifth Anniversary edition of this popular
‘‘Silent Salesman” tells the plain truth about the
Best Seeds that can be Grown— as proved at our famous
Fordhook Farms — the largest and most complete Trial
Grounds in America. Handsomely bound with covers
lithographed in nine colors, it also shows, painted from
nature, on the six colored plates, lead¬
ing specialties in unequaled Vege¬
tables and most beautiful Flowers
With hundreds of illustrations from
photographs and carefully written
descriptions it is A Safe Guide to
success in the garden and should be
consulted by every one who plants
seeds, either for pleasure or profit.
Tiie Burpee-Standard in Seeds is the highest it is
possible to attain today — and yet we aim for still further
betterment. Progress is our watchword! Planters,
whether gardening for pleasure or profit, soon learn that
“the best is the cheapest.”
These three sentences convey the principal “reasons
why ’’ The Burpee-Business grows steadily year after
year. Shall we have the pleasure of serving you this
season, or will you wait until importuned by some
traveling salesman or storekeeper to buy other seeds
claimed to be ‘ 'just as good as Burpee’s ?” You cannot get better seeds at any priced
We supply seeds each season direct to more planters than do any other growers— and yet we employ
no agents, nor do we send out drummers to solicit orders. We seek the trade, however, of all who
realize that in seeds “The Best is the Cheapest.” We would be pleased to serve you and shall mail
our complete catalog .free if you are willing to pay a fair price for Seeds of The Burpee-Quality.
Shall we mail you a copy? If so, kindly name The Rural New-Yorker and write — TODAY!
Sweet Peas
WITH our five farms in Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
and California we have the largest, most com¬
plete trial grounds, — to “prove all things.” We were
the first in America to grow “Spencers” and have
to-day the choicest strains of these most magnificent,
gigantic, new waved Sweet .Peas. Unlike seed gen¬
erally sold, our Re-Selected Stocks now come abso¬
lutely true to the superb “Spencer” type.
SIX SUPERB “SPENCERS”
O C we will mail one regular
* packet each of Dainty
Spencer, the new “picotee-edged" pink on white, —
Mrs. Routzahn, apricot, suffused with rose, — Bea¬
trice Spencer, rich pink, — Othello Spencer, glossy
deep maroon, — Asta Ohn, charming light lavender, —
and Helen Lewis, bright orange-rose.
These Six Superb Spencers are shown painted
from nature and fully described on pages 110 and 111
of Burpee’s Annual for 1911. Purchased separately
they would cost 65 cts., but all six packets with
Leaflet on Culture, will be mailed for only 25 cts.:
five collections for $1.00.
SIX “SUPERFINE” SPENCERS
O C we will mail one packet
* VJl (30 to 40 seeds) each of
Burpee’s King Edward Spencer, the grandest scarlet,
— Apple Blossom Spencer, rose and pink, — Burpee’s
White Spencer, largest waved white, — Florence
Morse Spencer, light pink,— Burpee’s Primrose' Spen¬
cer, and a large packet (80 to 90 seeds) of Burpee’s
Best Blend for 1911 of Superb Spencer Seedlings.
Leaflet on Culture is sent with each Collection.
FIVE NEW “SPENCERS”
OC we will mail one regular
* Ol packet each of Burpee’s
Queen Victoria Spencer, primrose, flushed flesh, —
Constance Oliver, rich rose on cream, — Burpee’s
Aurora Spencer, bright orange-salmon, flaked, — Mrs.
C. W. Breadmore, pink edged on cream, — and Ten¬
nant Spencer, deep heliotrope.
buys any One of the above Three
Collections. Any Five Collections
for One Dollar and mailed to different addresses if
so ordered.
we will mail any Two of
the above Collections to¬
gether with a 15 ct. pkt. (20 seeds) of the lovely new
Mrs. Hugh Dickson.
The above are in regular retail packets, (costing 10 cts. and is
cts. each) and all of the choicest stocks — seed grown on our Flora-
dale Farm, Lompoc, California.
We have a double purpose in making this Special Offer
for 1911— to introduce the True “Spencers” to thousands who
do not yet know their rare beauty, and to prove the superiority of
Burpee’s Selected Strains.
we will mail all Three Col¬
lections neatly boxed, and
also one regular packet each of Mrs. Hugh Dickson,
Florence Nightingale, Countess Spencer, George
Herbert, and Marie Corelli,— making in all Twenty-
Two True Spencers. You can order all these as
Burpee’s Dollar Box of Spencers. Name The Rural
New-Yorker and, with the Box, we will send free our
complete new book, Sweet Peas Up-to-Date.
F or 50 Cts.
For $1.00
W. Atlee Burpee 6 Co., Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia, Pa.
THE WILLOW WALL POULTRY FARM.
The Business Hen in West Virginia.
This practical and dividend paying poultry plant
was built and equipped five years ago. It is located
in the beautiful valley of the South Branch of the
Potomac River. The “Old Fields” was a tract of
some 1,200 acres of rich bottom lands
which the Indians were using for their
gardening and corn raising when the
white man first came into the valley.
The valley is shut in by rugged forest-
covered mountains, which give it a
very picturesque setting. Mr. A. R.
McNeill, the proprietor of Willow Wall
Farm, described to me about as follows
the launching of the poultry proposition :
He had a large farm, which had for the
past 150 years been devoted to raising
and fattening heavy beef cattle. I do
not just remember how long the farm
has been a possession of the McNeill
family, but the fine old mansion (Fig. 51)
was built by his grandfather in the year
1820. It is still in fine repair and a
comfortable, pleasant and roomy home.
Mr. McNeill has equipped it with a first-
class system of hot water heat, which in
connection with the several old-time
fireplaces, makes it possible to defy old
Jack Frost. He has also installed a
first-class water system and bathroom.
Owing to changed conditions the cat¬
tle-feeding business had become an un¬
satisfactory way of disposing of the
grain crops as well as a poor money¬
maker. Their attention was turned to
other ways of making the farm pay.
The whole family gave the matter of
starting in the poultry business a very
careful study. They did some traveling
about to distant places to visit large
poultry plants, and to find out what
other people were accomplishing in the
way of making poultry pay. After de¬
ciding that the chances of success were
good if one kept good fowls and cared
for them, they settled down to get ready
for business.
Mr. McNeill planned his poultry
buildings and location very carefully,
much stress being laid on having things
easy to care for, and equipment that
required as little attention as it was
possible to give and still get good re¬
sults. The result of the good planning
is very evident to one going about over
the plant. The amount of labor required
properly to care for the birds in these
buildings has been cut down to the low¬
est point. The laying hens are housed
in a long two-story building. The
lower story is divided into rooms with
wire netting, each room being 15 feet
square, that being the inside width of
the house. These rooms are well lighted
by large windows ; each room is to ac¬
commodate 50 birds. The whole house
will accommodate 1,4'00 head. The
roosts are light and neatly arranged, and
Hang on wires, and are easily hooked
back out of the way when the droppings
boards are being cleaned. The drop¬
pings boards are also hung on wire and
can be readily removed at any time.
In each room is a self-feeder that sup¬
plies most of the feed in shape of dry mash, cracked
grain, screenings and such feeds. Oyster shell and
grit are also handy. There are several bins in the
walls of each room for whole grains, principally wheat
and corn, which are fed in the litter each day; also
a good deal of Alfalfa and clover hay is fed. The
water is supplied by a pipe which runs the whole
length of the building, and there are valves in each
room from which the water pans are filled. The
wooden floors are not less than two feet above ground
at any place. The floor is kept covered with straw.
Nests are located about the room in plenty, and are
there to be used. Simplicity of construction has been
considered, and also the saving of labor, which is an
important feature.
At the entrance end of the henhouse
is a large grain storage building that will
house a year’s supply of grain of the
, various kinds. In this building is a feed
grinder to grind the chicken feed. A
15 horse-power gasoline traction engine
is used for power; this engine is also
used for other purposes about the farm.
A good deal of grain is purchased, espe¬
cially wheat, and some corn. Wheat
does not seem to yield very heavily in
that section of West Virginia. The feed
is distributed through the buildings in
the following manner: Along one side
of the second floor runs a narrow-gauge
railroad, starting in the grain room and
extending to the farthest end of the hen¬
house. On this track is a car, the body
of which is divided into four or five
bins. This car is loaded with the va¬
rious kinds of feed and then run down
along the track, and the grain and feed
put into spouts that lead down to the
self-feeders and bins in the feeding
rooms below. Each spout is labeled
with the kind of feed that is to be put
into it. By this excellent system it does
not take a professional to do the feeding,
nor does it take a giant to stand the
strain. This feeding is done once a
week. Along down the other side of this
second story floor is another set of bins,
in which is stored the dry earth which
is used on the droppings boards. A
handy spout carries the earth to the
rinsing place below the hen rooms. The
writer happened to be at the farm when
these bins were filled last Fall, and it
takes a lot of earth for a year’s supply,
and it took two teams and wagons and
seven or eight men more than a day to
put in the amount needed for a year.
The droppings boards are cleaned off
once a week. A manure spreader is
driven alongside the building and the
droppings are shoveled into it and taken
direct to the fields. The floor litter is
only changed occasionally.
Single Comb White Leghorn chickens
exclusively are kept at Willow Wall
Farm. The original stock came from
one of the best White Leghorn farms in
the land. The present stock has all ap¬
pearance of having been kept up to the
mark for quality. Each Autumn 200 of
the best old hens are selected for the
next season’s breeding pens. They are
housed in a separate building during the
Winter and the eggs from them are
hatched out in large-sized incubators.
These incubators occupy a large room
in the cellar of the dwelling house. The
young chickens are taken direct from the
incubators to colony houses, 58 of which
are located in a 10-acre apple orchard
which adjoins the grounds of the main
poultry house. These colony houses are
about GxlO feet in size, and seven feet
FRONT VIEW OF WILLOW WALL POULTRY HOUSES. Fig. 49.
BREEDING FLOCK AND REAR VFEW OF BUILDINGS. Fig. 50.
THE HOME AT WILLOW WALL POULTRY FARM. Fig. 51.
164
high on the high side. They are built with runners,
so as to be easily moved. Each has one large win¬
dow and a door. Each one is equipped with a self-
feeder and other necessary feed bins. The feed is
distributed to them once a week, the supply being
hauled about with a horse. These colony houses are
covered on sides and roofs with heavy roofing paper.
The hatching period has been a very successful fea¬
ture each year, and the past season something over
a, 000 chicks were raised. The males all go for broil¬
ers except the few that are needed for breeding pur¬
poses. The writer was at Willow Wall Farm for six
weeks last Fall, and this orchard with the colony
houses and the hundreds of snow-white birds wa% a
most interesting sight. In October the nearly full-
grown young pullets are transferred from the colony
houses to their Winter home in the large henhouse,
and they are not let out of doors any more till warm
weather in the Spring. They commence laying in
November, and everything is done for them to keep
them busy turning out eggs from then on. The old
hens that are not to be kept for breeding are disposed
of mostly to other poultrymen for breeding stock.
This year there were calls for over a thousand more
than they could supply. In constructing the buildings
of this plant most of the lumber was cut and sawed
on the farm. The roof is covered with galvanized
iron. In fact, most of the buildings down in that sec¬
tion are roofed with galvanized iron. Everything
about this plant is built substantially and well. Mr.
McNeill tells me the cost of the outfit was around
$5,000. He installed an air pressure water system,
and he has about the best equipped water system that
it has ever been my fortune to see on a farm. There
is over a mile of pipe in use in the water system of
the farm and poultry plant. The pressure tanks are
located in the cellar of the house, and the power is
furnished by a three horse-power gasoline engine.
The cost of operating the system is about 2J/2 cents a
day for fuel.
The hens turn out a gross income of $3.30 per
head per year, and the cost of feed is around $1.10
per head. The sales from poultry bring the total net
proceeds above $3,000 per year. The poultry plant
is under the direction of Mr. McNeill's youngest son,
Brown McNeill. He is a thorough-going poultry
specialist. It takes about all of his time to care for
the poultry and eggs. In the busy times he has some
help, but at other times lie helps about other work.
Most of the eggs are marketed in Washington, D. C.,
to private customers at very good prices. Mr. Mc¬
Neill is devoting most of his own time to orcharding,
and has 85 acres in fruit, mostly apples. He set 50
acres of orchard last Spring on new ground located
on a high chestnut ridge. Apple trees are being set
out by the tens of thousands on the hills .of West
Virginia and Maryland. Their orchards there that
have come into bearing are giving a good account of
themselves, and it is likely that in a few years apples
will cast a silvery shadow over the poultry at Willow
Wall Farm. Another son has charge of the general
farming operations, and as there are 800 acres in the
farm he manages to find plenty to do. Grass and
corn are the two principal crops in that section. They
have excellent corn land. They erected a reinforced
all-concrete silo last year, and will use it for feeding
beef cattle and sheep to take care of the roughage
raised on the farm.
In conclusion I would say that while they have had
very gratifying success with poultry at the Willow
Wall Farm, and that the venture has proved profit¬
able, it is not because it came easy. It came through
steady hard work and good management and uncom¬
monly good planning and building, and then thor¬
oughly good stock well cared for. R. c. angevine.
THE MULGOBA MANGO.
I am sending you one dozen Mulgoba mangos,
which is an East Indian variety imported into this
country by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. It is
now fast being placed under cultivation for Amer¬
ican markets in Dade County, Fla. Up to the present
time there are less than 200 trees of this variety in
bearing here, and we have sold in all about 250 boxes
of this fruit to the best trade in the large cities, at
$2, $2.50, and $3 per dozen at Miami, Fla. We have
never handled a fruit that was more appreciated than
this, which we consider the most delicious of all
dessert fruits. Figs. 52 and 53 show the fruit in
natural size.
In considering this fruit, one should eliminate from
the mind any and all impressions previously formed
by direct or indirect contact with the fruit generally
known by the name of mango in countless numbers of
varieties of mongrel seedlings that have spread
throughout all tropical countries from their native
country, the East Indies. These fruit we do not
consider at all from a commercial standpoint. The
cultivation of the commercial varieties of this fruit
has previously been defeated by difficulties in propa-
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
gating true to variety. Prior to my discoveries in
the beginning of the present century there had been
no way to accomplish this except by the slow and
expensive method of inarching, as is still practiced
by the Hindoos and all others except myself, other
than a few trees, largely accidents in extensive experi¬
ments of budding. The methods we apply are sim¬
ilar in results to those applied to all commercial fruits
in civilized countries, except that some peculiar habits
of the plant make it still more expensive, but fully
as progressive.
The Mulgoba mango was introduced into this coun¬
try in 1889 by the importation of an inarched tree
from India, and up to the close of the year 1900
there were less than one hundred inarched trees in
South Florida of this variety, and about the same
number of inarched trees of this and other fine vari¬
eties from the East Indies, growing in government
gardens and botanical collections on the Western
hemisphere. Since that time and now growing in
orchard places, there are less than 500 trees of this
variety except those produced in our operations.
The Mulgoba we consider the only standard com¬
mercial variety of mango tested in this country, and
there are several thousand trees now planted here in
commercial orchards. There were only about 200 of
these of bearing age and producing fruit this season,
which have given us sufficient fruit to establish in
market in the largest cities, and only among a few
of the fancy dealers. I find it the easiest fruit product
to sell that I have ever offered to the fruit trade.
We now consider ourselves over the pioneer days in
this, the most promising industry of modern horticul¬
ture. geo. b. cellon.
Dade Co., Fla.
THE COST OF A CROP.
Hunting Out Hunt’s Potato Figures.
I wish to ask C. I. Hunt, page 9, if there are any
farms for sale in his country, .his land of paradise —
where the worm abideth not in the soil, where the
lusty weed stealeth not the sustenance from its do¬
mestic cousin, but dieth without a murmur. Where
the luxuriant potato groweth undisturbed by weeds,
molested not by bugs or blight, strong and vigorous,
on through the Autumn till the glistening white frost
ripens them for harvest. Two hundred and ten
bushels, large, smooth, shapely beauties for each acre,
never a small, rough, misshapen one in the bunch;
where young boys dig three-fifths of an acre each
per day, and still find time to pick them up, 120
bushels the while, sorting out the “dry rots” and
placing them on the wagon before dark. Surely is
this paradise, else were true the fairyland tales that
enchanted my youth.
If there are any acres lying loose, Mr. Hunt, that
can be picked up at a reasonable figure, say a few
thousand per acre, I would deem it a great personal
favor if you would acquaint me of the fact at once,
for I am anxious to invest my little all in your
Garden of Eden. I have been plodding along in my
slow and humble way, digging a livelihood from the
stubborn soil for lo, these many years, and I cannot
find it in my heart, Friend Hunt, nor yet in my ex¬
perience, to agree with all you say. For instance,
you consider your farm your bank, its individual
acres your capital stock. You loaned yourself four
acres of that capital stock to grow a crop of po¬
tatoes and made no charge for it. Would you be as
liberal to your neighbor who wanted to borrow of
you four acres lor the same purpose? Have you an
idea your banker would loan you a sum of money
from his capital stock equal to the value of those four
acres and not charge you interest? Have you an
idea your tax gatherer will overlook that four-acre
potato field? If he does he belongs to a different
species than the one I am familiar with. “The end
of the year is the time to figure the interest on the
value of the whole farm.” Yes? What are you go¬
ing to charge the interest on the value of that four
acres to? Your cows, your hens or your pigs be¬
cause they ate a few rotten potatoes? If those po¬
tatoes had any food value they should be charged
to your animals as food, and a like amount credited
to that four-acre potato crop. If each of your indi¬
vidual acres do not pay the interest. on its value, pay
for taxes, seed, plant food, for every scrap of labor
and expense connected with the yearly crop, then,
where, in the name of justice, are you going to get it?
If each of your animals does not pay for every
particle of food, pay rent for shelter, pay interest on
value and depreciation, pay for every scrap of la¬
bor and expense connected with their living and com¬
fort, then where are you going to get that? Do you
consider your farming or any part of it a luxury to
be paid for from some other income? “If properly
used the farm will grow better year by year.” Let’s
see about that. You added 100 pounds of phosphoric
February li,
acid and 80 pounds of potash, no nitrogen. You dug
767 bushels sound, 75 bushels rotten potatoes, 842
bushels in all. Now turn to The R. N.-Y., page 1184,
under title “Making Good Loss of Plant Food.” You
will find your 842 bushels of potatoes took approxi¬
mately 108 pounds of nitrogen from the soil, while
none was added. Now in my country nitrogen is
a very essential element for plant growth, and to
buy it from a dealer, costs 20 cents a pound, or $21.60
for that taken from your four acres. You added 80
pounds of potash and took from the soil in that
crop of potatoes 148 pounds, a loss of 68 pounds to
the soil, representing a money value of $4.76. Be¬
sides this, you used a part of the organic matter, the
vigor and push of your soil, and lowered its vitality,
its physical condition, just that much. Will your
soil overlook this little defect and keep on producing
more vigorously than ever? Well, I have known
farmers aplenty who thought so, and laid constantly
diminishing crops to too much wet, too much dry, too
much heat, too much cold, to poor seed, to bugs,
worms, crows, to ill health, lack of help at the right
time, to every cause but the real one, and their chil¬
dren, grown weary of the small and smaller harvests,
the empty pocketbook, went to the cities, and farms
that changed hands 30 years ago for $7,000 to $10,000
are begging for buyers to-day for $700 to $1,000, 50
to 100 acres are needed to produce what would readily
grow on a 10-acre field 30 years ago. These farmers
had been “producing the largest crops with the least
work and expense and the maximum net profit.”
“Land that is kept busy will not get wormy,” I
agree. I have a field of seven acres thrown in as a
chromo with a purchased wood lot that has been kept
busy for 40 years and it isn’t wormy; you couldn’t
find a worm with the aid of a spade and a micro¬
scope in a day’s hunt, for the simple reason there isn’t
a scrap of anything for a worm to live on. Forty
years ago this was a piece of virgin soil of unusual
fertility for this section ; it was purchased for $50
an acre for agricultural purposes, and it was kept
going. After 20 years it seemed to need a stimulant
and small amounts of fertilizer were put in with the
seed to start a strong and vigorous plant that would
send its hungry, greedy roots deep and wide in the
starving soil in search of food and drink. To-day
that whole seven acres is not worth 50 cents ; common
barnyard weeds that ordinarily grow high as a man’s
head will not get above six inches in the most fertile
spots. But the worms have gone. Also the fertility
has gone, the producing power, the flesh and blood
has gone, and the wind blows the dust in clouds from
its bare and sun-baked bones
“The time to pull weeds is when they are small and
you can pull them by the million with a good weeder.”
Yes? Our weeders, however, have a trick of skipping
a few hundred from each of those million weeds; these
grow apace with the potatoes, and the wings on the
cultivator will not cover them without also covering ’
the potatoes, and we have to go after those weeds
with our hands. And it often happens that after the
potatoes have been hilled and not a weed in sight
another crop will grow when the potato vines are too
large to admit of horse tillage, and these have to
be pulled in late August, or form a mat at digging
time, and furnish a fresh supply of weed seeds.
“Land that will grow 190 bushels potatoes ought
to grow 20 tons well-eared corn for the silo.” Per¬
haps, in Eden, but not always. I can show you acres
aplenty that will grow 190 bushels potatoes that with
equally good culture will not grow eight tons of
silage per acre. “If seed shows scab it is ducked
in formalin.” Yes? We never plant a scabby potato,
and our seed has had a bath every year for a long
time, first with corrosive sublimate and in later years
with formalin. Yet we seldom fail to find a certain
per cent of scabby potatoes at digging time. “No
bugs or blight because of resistant varieties.” We
have tried a number of them, so-called, yet the bugs
like them, and while some of them will stand a week
or two longer if blight is prevalent it gets them in
the end. I would certainly like to hire some of
those “young boys” to harvest my potato crop next
Fall. I would treat them with as much consideration
as I could treat the most favored visitor.
Now, see here, Neighbor Hunt, you and T are
farmers digging a livelihood from the soil. There
are many hard and knotty problems confronting us.
Also there is a big fight ahead that needs our undi¬
vided attention. Don’t you know there is’ a strong
bitter feeling of resentment toward us farmers
growing in the bosoms of the city wage-earners be¬
cause of the high cost of their daily food, a feeling that,
has been planted and is being nourished and fostered
by the handlers of food products to exonerate them¬
selves for the excessive tolls they take? Don’t you
know we farmers are being systematically “trimmed”
by those in higher control? Don’t you know that
measures that would benefit alike the farmer and the
laborer are being denied us? Don’t you know we
are in need of facts and figures that will show up
our industry in its true light? Don’t you know we
have The R. N.-Y., the strongest, fairest, .most fear¬
less publication of the agricultural press, to help us
gather those facts and figures? Then come out,
Friend Hunt, and give us the real facts of that crop
of potatoes. Figure the interest on the value of your
land, add the depreciation, the taxes, the cost of
added plant food, the cost of treating and cutting
seed, of course, as you planted potatoes of your own
growing and you never grow small ones you had to
cut them in order to plant four acres with 40 bushels.
Add every scrap of labor and expense from start to
finish, even to repairing potato bins, if they needed
repairs, or else make an extra charge for storing;
also add the cost of marketing, and, when you sell
your potatoes, tell us exactly how many you sold
and just how much you received for them, and
profit. j. B. w.
1911.
WHAT ABOUT PEDIGREED TREES?
Extract from a Nurseryman’s Letter.
For fear you do not fully appreciate the value of our
“highbred” trees, we wish to say, owing to this work of
breeding up, every one of our trees will produce fruit of
the very best in color, flavor, size, shape and keeping
quality, and the trees will be hardy, early and prolific
bearers. They are bred up for this purpose, just as a
race horse is bred up for speed. There is just as much
difference in value of our trees over those not bred up as
there is difference in value of pedigreed and scrub animals.
The practice is becoming quite common among
nurserymen to select scions or buds from orchards
having considerable reputation, with the assumption
that trees so propagated will, when they come into
bearing, display the same characteristic for which the
parent orchards have become noted. This is
usually the production of heavy crops of fruit,
or at least the addition of dollars to the owner’s
bank account. One nurseryman of my ac¬
quaintance secures his propagating wood so
far as possible from trees which have pro¬
duced the blue ribbon fruit exhibited at various
fruit shows. Another sends his agents to col¬
lect buds from well-known fruit sections, even
going so far as to have these agents take their
oath that they secured them in a certain local¬
ity or orchard.
As a talking point this is probably worth
all it costs. I have sometimes held that it
should be encouraged, inasmuch as it at least
showed a spirit of progress. On the other
hand, it becomes a powerful lever in the hands
of dishonest nurserymen and dealers who arc
willing to claim almost any virtue for their
so-called “pedigree trees,” which may or may
not be from selected buds, but for which they
receive an exorbitant price. Personally I have
yet to see any well-authenticated instance of
improvement in fruits by means of bud selec¬
tion, except in the very rare cases of mutations
or bud sports, such as, for example, the King
grape. By this I do not mean that improve¬
ment of plants is impossible, for we have exam¬
ples of this in every improved variety. It
must be remembered, however, that the method
of propagating fruits is much different from
that of most plants or the breeding of animals.
The former are propagated vegetativelv, that
is, by means of cuttings, or by budding, graft¬
ing, etc., in which the seed plays no part. The
latter are the result of a union between the
male and female element, and they thus com¬
bine — always in the case of the higher animals
and usually in the case of plants— the charac¬
teristics of two individuals, whether they be
turnips or horses. Of course fruit trees may
be propagated by this method, but it is im¬
possible, or nearly so, to reproduce a variety
by this means. Laboratory experiments have
shown over and over again that selection with¬
in a vegetatively propagated species is of little
or no avail in breeding up a new strain.
The writer has seen apple trees of the same
variety, propagated from the same parent tree
in his father’s nursery, which have shown more
variation when planted in different orchards
in the neighborhood than he ever saw in trees
of the same variety secured from different
sources, but planted under identical conditions.
This leads one to believe that soil, food ma¬
terials and cultural treatment have infinitely
more to do with the behavior in fruit plants
than does bud selection. The department of
experimental, horticulture at this station has
experiments under way to test this much dis¬
puted question, but they are not of sufficient
duration to warrant the forming of conclusions.
Mr. J. E. Burton of Indiana has some in¬
teresting facts with which you may be familiar.
He brought together by grafting on the same
tree, thus making the environments the same,
a scion from a Rambo tree bearing small,
poorly-flavored fruit, and one from a Rambo
tree which always bore large, finely flavored
Tt-lEJ RURAL NEW-VORKSR
tically all variations within a variety such as in¬
creased fruitfulness, high color, large size, etc., are
the result of more favorable conditions, and that in
such cases these characters are not hereditary.
Penn. State College.
W. J. WRIGHT.
GUARANTEED MACHINERY.
Some recent articles in The R. N.-Y about paying
for unsatisfactory machinery, when coupled with my
own experience, tend to show that the important
point in transactions of this kind is to return the
machinery such as soon as found unsatisfactory. If
the makers guarantee that the machine will give satis¬
faction, or if it be built to specifications, return it
THE MULGOBA MANGO, NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 5:3
1S5
We got the machine, found it was not built as
agreed, sent it back, get another, and this machine
was not put together right, and had to go back to the
factory. When we finally got to spraying we could
not do good work, and the machine broke down re¬
peatedly, the maker sending a man from the factory
to repair it. Wre did not get our spraying half done,
and wrote and told the maker the machine would not
do the work. Potato spraying time came, and we
used the machine for this work. The maker sent
bills and statements, claiming we did not know how
to run the machine. We were willing to pay the
value of the machine, as a potato sprayer, but not its
full value, because it could not be made to spray the
Hrge trees satisfactorily.
Finally the maker sued in the Supreme
Court, and though any amount of testimony
was introduced showing the machine would
not do the work it was guaranteed to do, and
the guarantees both verbal and printed were
admitted, the judge personally found a ver¬
dict for the plaintiff for the full amount. He
said we had forfeited our right to protection
under the guarantee when we did not return
the machine as soon as we found it would not
do the work. He said he would have allowed
the jury to decide a question of damages had
we introduced testimony showing to what
extent we had been damaged, but since we
did not introduce such testimony we were
not entitled to anything. This verdict was a
complete surprise to everyone in the court
room, including both lawyers, for no one
there understood this interpretation of the law.
So we find we must have no consideration for
the manufacturer’s feelings, and if the ma¬
chine is not as agreed, do not wait, but send
it back at once. I made the mistake of wait¬
ing a long time to give him a chance to make
the machine right. Be sure the guarantee
protects you, for we see everything guaran¬
teed, but seldom do they stand a test. Go
slowly into a so-called court of justice, for
your idea of justice may not be the same as
that of the particular judge before whom your
case will be tried. The judge in this case
showed extreme impatience with the whole
proceeding (a small case in a big court) and
could not even allow the jury to decide in the
matter. victim.
Monroe Co., N. Y.
SECTION OF MULGOBA MANGO. Fig. 53.
ones nder these conditions both were the same, just as soon as you find it does not came up to the
e also conducted a similar experiment with Grimes, contract. Having about 25 acres of large and small
a mg scions from a tree which bore heavy crops, trees, and 20 acres of potatoes to spray, we had about
o iers rom a irimes tree of the same age which made up our minds to buy a power sprayer for trees
scarcely bore at all. Under the same conditions the and a traction sprayer for potatoes. At this time we . . - . - - . » ~ - - -
scions were equally fruitful. In fact, in all his ex- met a manufacturer of traction sprayers who claimed annual crops under good care and high feeding with
perience aloner this line he Inc nP,Wr , , , , . ' .... proper thinning, and the grower who wishes annual
propagated ^ Iron ceW. , 6 ad 3 mach,ne that wou,d do a11 work. We cPr0ps must k«p in mind the fact that he must
. . c sci0ns were in any way did not feel sure this was so, but his guarantee was thin his fruit, that the trees will not stand neglect,
penor to those propagated from unselected ones. so strong we took a machine on trial In the catalogue but must kave g°°d care an^ feeding (and any
Mr. J. W. Kerr of Maryland says: “In a test with made a part of this agreement, was a guarantee that uP-to-date apple grower knows what that means),
trees propagated from a tree of Wild Goose plum this machine would be satisfactorv In the verbal ^ all.mi.^t ,e C'\°°se varieties which grow
that . .. c wul,JJ IJC sausiactory. in tne \ernai to perfection in Ins locality, and sell at high prices
ANNUAL BEARING OF APPLE TREES.
Our experience has been that those varie¬
ties of apples which will produce first-class
fruit, especially in eating qualities, under high
feeding and culture, can be made as a rule to
produce annual crops of fruit. But apples
which for their best development will not
stand too high feeding and culture, of which
the Baldwin is a good example, an apple
which can be fed so as to injure both its eating
and keeping qualities, cannot be so changed
as to grow annual crops at a profit. Our best
and highest priced fruit of that variety has
always been on trees well loaded (not over¬
loaded) with fruit. Of course part of a tree
may bear one year and the barren part the
following year, with first-class fruit both
years. Should we wish to grow commercially
such apples as Baldwin and Gravenstein in
equal amounts each year, viz., raise as near
as possible the same amount of fruit each
year for sale, we should try to do this by
changing the bearing year of enough of trees,
either by picking the small fruit early in the
season or destroying their blossoms, and we
believe such method would be more satisfac¬
tory and profitable than trying to grow an¬
nual crops from the whole orchard. And yet
with the Baldwin especially I think it would
require some care to prevent them gradually
working back to their natural bearing year. But with
that class of apples of which Williams is a good exam¬
ple, we should consider it both possible and practicable
to raise from trees of bearing age 20 paying crops
in as many years, natural causes not preventing. We
have known the R. I. Greening to bear profitable
annual crops under good care and high feeding with
.i . , . . — mav-iiuic wuui'j ue sausiactory. in me ve
produced fruit notably large and fine, with trees understanding the exact nature of the work to be
- ^ 10™ dlc °^ler extreme, demonstrated done wras stated in the kind, size and amount of trees
" rr'y ™ |l,”der like conditions of soil both were and potatoes to be sprayed, and the maker guaranteed
min u C J^°,e ^UmS' ^'T° more> no less-” Sum- this machine to spray these satisfactorily and better
S aU up’ 1 th,nk we may safely say that prac- .than any other sprayer on the market.
«nvi iwzvz v v, mi mvii v »Y
to perfection in his locality, and sell at high prices
in the markets he would ship to. In fact, he must
grow high-class fruit. On young trees before they
bear heavy crops annual bearing is common even
on Baldwins. Yet- I never picked my prize-winning
fruit of that variety from such trees.
Massachusetts. H. o. MEAD.
J66
THE KUKAb NEW-VOKKEK
February 11
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore ashing a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few Questions at one time. Put questions on a
operate piece of paper.]
Hen Manure on Fruit.
S. H., Easton , Fa. — Is it advisable to use
hen manure for fertilizing peach trees, or
in fact all kinds of fruit trees? I used
some on my peach trees last Spring, and
they made a splendid growth last season.
1 thought perhaps there was danger in
growing too much wood as they got older.
They are two years old this Spring. On
the other fruit trees I used stable manure.
They also have made a fine growth. If this
method is not advisable, give me some other
compounds.
Ans.- — Hen manure is a stimulating
fertilizer, since it contains considerable
nitrogen in an available form. It will
produce a rank growth of wood, but if
nothing else is used year after year this
wood will be too soft and tender. A
mixture of three parts acid phosphate
and one part sulphate of potash will be j
excellent to use with the manure, or you
can handle it as described in “The
Business Hen.”
energy and money that is now given by
northern people to the pecan. It is
about equal to the pecan in quality and
finds a good sale. h. e. van deman.
Fertilizer for Small Fruits.
I would like to know if there is not some
special fertilizer for gooseberries, currants
and raspberries. If so, let me know what
to use, and the amount for each bush.
Lindsborg, Kan. c. f. h.
In the Eastern States special mixtures of
chemicals for “fruit and vine” are made
and sold. It would not pay you to have
them shipped long distances. Can you ob¬
tain wood ashes? If so use a ton to the
acre and in addition 500 pounds of fine
ground bone. You need not mix them ;
broadcast and cultivate in. This combina¬
tion will probably be as cheap as anything
you can buy. If you cannot get the
ashes use 200 pounds sulphate of potash
with the bone.
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and
those who till it.” — Adv.
REASONS WHY
BLANCHARD’S
brand**
a
Spraying
ARE THE BEST
teriais
Use of Coal Ashes.
.1 . O. V., PurcellviUe, Va. — Will you give
what information you can regarding the
disposal of cinders and ashes to the best
advantage? Would they be of any value
to the land by mixing them with manure
or fertilizer, and spreading them over it?
Ans. — Assuming that you mean coal
ashes, there is little or no plant food.
They are unlike wood ashes in this
respect. The coal ashes make a good
mulch around currant or raspberry
bushes, or around trees. We use them
freely for this purpose. They are also
good as absorbents to hold stable liq¬
uids, or in the poultry house or manure
piles. In some cases they are used as
"carriers.” Soluble chemicals, like ni¬
trate of soda, potash, etc., are dissolved
and the solution sprinkled over the
sifted ashes. When dry these can be
spread like a fertilizer carrying the plant
food. It has been frequently noticed
that coal ashes actually increase crops
when applied to land. This is not be¬
cause they add plant food, but because
they improve the condition of the soil.
On iight soils they bind together and
fill in, so that the soil holds moisture.
They open up heavy soils so as to give
better drainage and more air, and thus
give the crop a better chance.
Pecan Trees in the North.
E. F. T., Trenton. Mich. — I am very
much interested in seeing if I can fruit the
pecan here, the more hardy varieties. In
reading a book, “Nuts for Profit,” I note
a quotation stating that “No State has the
monopoly of pec t culture ; it will pay in
45 States as weu as Texas,” and in corre¬
spondence with Mason J. Niblack, of In¬
diana, he informed me that he had beard
of an old bearing pecan tree near Niagara
Falls, N. Y.
Ans. — There is no doubt that the
culture of the pecan can and will be
greatly extended northward when there
are good hardy varieties brought to pub¬
lic notice. But now there are very few
varieties that are of any special value as
nuts and also hardy enough to endure
the climate of the Ohio Valley, where
they were nearly all found. Missouri
and Kansas no doubt have a few such,
and I already have one from southern
Missouri. But as a success in New
York I am doubtful, because of the
short Summers, mainly. It requires a
long, warm Summer and Fall to mature
pecans. I very seriously doubt the pre¬
diction, for it is not a statement of fact,
that “it will pay in 43 States- as well" as
Texas.” It is the most southern species
of the hickory genus and diminishes in
natural abundance and size and value of
the nuts as the area extends northward.
Southern Indiana and Illinois comprises
the main area where there are trees in
any considerable numbers. The true
Shagbark hickory is much hardier in
tree, earlier to ripen its nuts, and is a
good bearer. It would be better to de¬
vote to this nut tree, the most of the
QCPAIIQE Blanchard la the OLDEST manufacturer of
DkUnU vk agricultural epray« iu the world.
D CP Alice Blanchard is the LARGEST manufacturer of
DLuAUOL agricultural sprays iu the world,
nrp AIIQC Blanchard Is the only firm wIiobc exclusive bue-
DlIAUOL iness is manufacturing sprays and insecticides.
DCPAIleC Blanchard is the only manufacturer of a COM-
DLUAUOL J’LETE LINE o! agricultural sprays.
nrp A 1ICC Blanchard s are the most PERFECTLY
DluAUOL EQUIPPED factories in the world.
D CP A I ICC Blanchard uses his own improved processes
DLUnUOL and makes nothing but insecticides and sprays.
SOME BLANCHARD PRODUCTS
LION BRAND Lime-Sulphur LION BRAND Kerosent
Solution Emulsion
LION BRAND Bordeaux Mixture LION BRAND Whtle Oil Soap
LION BRAND Pure Paris Green LION BRAND Insect Powder
LION BRAND Arsenate of Lead LION BRAND Powdered Tobacco
Every successful grower knows he must spray to have
an orchard constantly increasing in value and earning
j ' n's tdinply a question whose spraying materials to use.
Those who fo»ow will have none but BLANCHARD'S
LION BRAND, because of their scientific formulas,
perfection in manufacture, and dependable uniformity
in quality and effectiveness. Buy from your local dealer
or write to us and refuse to allow any one to substitute
any other brand.
LION BRAND PRODUCTS ARE GUARANTEED UNDER THE
INSECTICIDE ACT OF 1910 BY
THE JAMES A. BLANCHARD CO.,
523 Hudson Terminal, 1 06 Broad SI.,
New York St. Joseph, Mich.
rnrr pnflif I FT "When, How and Why to Spray,” is
rnci. DUUixLLi with inlertKting and valuable spraying
ii, format ion. Send your add: ess for a Free Copy.
FOR ALL KINDS OF
CLOVER and FIELD
SEEDS also GARDEN,
FLOWER SEEDS
and Implements
Write to this Old Reliable
House— Catalogue Free
and Field Seed Price List
mailed you on application.
THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEE0 AN0 IMPLEMENT CO.Joledo, 0.
5,000 QUARTS OF
STRAWBERRIES
in September and October
from one acre by planting
Kevitt’s New Fall-Bearing
Plants. This I guarantee or
I will return your money
paid for plants. Send for my
catalogue. Over five new
fall-bearing varieties.
T. C. KEVITT, ATHENIA, N. J.
PIONEER
SaS
Fall-Bearing Strawberries amf^ ‘SUPERB!”
Send for free circulars to the originator.
_ SAMUEL COOPER, Dele van, N. Y.
GRAPE VINES
can be bought right this year. Send ns a
memorandum of your wants for prices.
MINER & MINER. Grape Vine Growers. SHERIDAN, H. Y.
>gree Seed Potatoes
'o.rfUc, while, excellent quality, high yielding
strain, bred true to type. 400 bush, per acre on my
farm. Price, 83.50 per bbl. sack, ltio lbs. net.
YV. L. HAXXA.I1 . Brunswick, Me.
nipp— NEW CROP— PRODUCER to CONSUMER— 100 lbs.
niUL beautiful, clean, white, whole grain South
Carolina extra fancy table rice, ready for cook¬
ing, delivered freight prepaid to your station, $4.85.
We guarantee safe arrival of rice.
J. ED. OABANISS, Rice Farmer, Katy, Texas.
Potatoes, Disease-Proof Read’s
Goldenflake, Golden Gem, and Peach-
blow. Newvarieties, wonders. Sold direct. Write
for facts , G. A. READ Read’s Exp. Farms, Charlotte, VI.
SEED
Seeds, Plants, Roses,
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, etc.
Hundreds of car lots of
FRUIT and ORNA¬
MENTAL TREES. 1,200
acres, 50 in hardy Roses,
none better grown. 44 green¬
houses of Palms, Ferns,
Ficus, Geraniums and
other things too numerous
to mention. Seeds, Plants,
Bulbs, Roses, Small Trees, etc., by mail, post¬
paid. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Immense stock of SUPERB CANNAS, the
queen of bedding plants. Acres of Paeonias and
other Perennials. 50 choice collections cheap in
Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc. Elegant 168 -page
Catalog FREE. Send for it today and see what
values we give for your money. Direct deal will
insure you the best at first cost. 57 years. (11)
The Storrs & Harrison Co., Box 156, PainesviUe, 0.
SEND
For Green’s Free
Book on Trees—
Tells how to plant
for Fruit and Shade
Every person who expects to plant trees this spring-
a dozen or a thousand— should first send for Green’s
1911 Complete Catalogue. It lists everything desirable
in fruit and shade trees, as well as small fruit; tells you
how we sell direct to you from our nursery, and quotes
you lowest “at-the-nursery” prices.
By our money-saving, auality-giving plan, you pay
no commissions, but buy direct from one of the largest
nurseries in the United States, and you get wholesale
prices. *
'AGENTS PRICES CUT IN TWO . r§
fireeiL$J£2&
— DIRECT TO ran 1
We grow, bud and graft quality trees from bearing orchards of our own— all hardy northern
grown and true to name. Every tree is triple inspected and guaranteed free from scale.
Green’s Nurseries are located in one of the greatest fruit centers in the United States— north¬
ern New York— yet we are 6 to 12 miles distant from other nurseries— no chance for contagious
d j
Our catalogue is our only salesman, and has been for over 30 years. Our square dealing
policy makes our customers loyal to us and brings them back year after year with ne w orders.
If you have never bought trees under Green’s Nursery plan, investigate bjr sending at oncefor
the 1911 catalogue, and we will also send you free our remarkable book. Thirty Years With
Fruits and Flowers.” Capital, $100,000.
Green’s Nursery Co., Box 22, Rochester, N. Y.
NURSERY STOCK IN BARGAIN LOTS.
bargain lots ?)rder one or more lots, as may be desired. These lots are all nice, clean stock, tiue
to name and free from disease. Write for descriptive price list. ....
NO. 1. TOR $6.00
100 Elberta Peach, 2 to 3 feet. 1 yr. from bud
10 Jonathan Apple, 1 year 2 to 3 feet
NO. 5, FOR $10.00
100 Apple, select, 1 year, 3 to four feet
10 Spitze libers; 30 Winesap 10 Rome Beauty
20 Winter Banana 30 Jonathan
NO. 6, FOR $16.00
100 Cherry. 2 year from bud, 5 to 6 feet
80 Early Richmond 10 Montmorency
10 Dyehouse
NO. 4, FOR $8.00
100 Apple, 2 to 3 feet, first-class, one year
40 Jonathan 40 Rome Beauty 20 Winesap
NO. 7, FOR $15.00
50 Kieffer Fear, 4 to 6 feet first-class 00 Early Richmond, 2 year, 4 to 6 feet
. . . ORDER ANY OF THE ABOVE BY NUMBER . . .
.NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
FRUIT TREES
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry and
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn*
FRUIT TREES
o rash promises. Send for it today.
CHERRY TREES $8.00 PER JDO AX’> U!’
A complete line Apple, Pear, Plum, Peach and Small Fruits
Readers of this paper are familiar with the \ allies
we have offered thru its columns for over a quarter
of a century. Our new catalog is ready, it makes
H. S. WILEY Si SON, Drawer 122, Cayuga, New York.
Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees,
SHRUBS and ROSES,
SMALL FRUIT PLANTS
of all kinds from the famous Lake Shore re¬
gion of northern Ohio. Send for catalogue.
MAPLE BEND NURSERY,
T. B. West. Lock Box 287, Perry, Ohio.
I
450.000
OO ' arletlea. Also Grape#. Small Fruit*, etc. Best
>oted Block. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed fur 10c.
atalog free. LKWI8 ttOKSCH k SOS, Has k , Kredonla, W. Y.
rznrz ODD apple and
PEACH TREES
Our prices are 50 per cent less than yon
pay agents and dealers, because in
buying direct from the growers you
SAVE TWO PROFITS
and run no risk. Every tree as repre¬
sented. True to name. Fresh dug.
Personal attention given each order.
2 Apple Trees J SSKf.Jft
postpaid for 25 cents.
Everybody send for Free catalogue.
Maloney Bros. & Wells,
Box 13 , Dansville, N. Y .
7‘ . T
m
ms
ITAL0G FREE
—150 ACRES. Genesee Valley
grown. “Not the cheapest, but
the best.” Never have had San
Jose Scale. Established 1869.
GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
20 Maple SI.. Dansville. N. Y.
Me KAY’S Peach Trees — ’
McKAY’S Dwarf Apple Trees
MCKAY’S Acre Cherry Orchard, $1 5
MCKAY’S Rose Bushes on their own roots
McKAY’S Fertilizer Chemicals — —
McKAY’S Agricultural Lime, $3 per ton
McKAY’S Catalogue tells about them — and more
... — w -r yy. L. McKay. Geneva. N. Y. Bo* F
Hardy Highland Nursery Stock
Acclimated to Northern climate. Always true to
label. No scale ever found in our Nursery bend
for catalog. L M.EMPIE, Box A, Johnstown. N Y.
Free outfit. Commis¬
sionpaidweekly. Write
for terms. PERRY NURS¬
ERIES, Rochester, N. V,
ILESMEN WANTED
SELL TREES AND PLANTS
Fresh Dug' Nursery Stock.
A complete assortment of the finest Genesee A alley
Grown Fruit Trees, etc, Stock guaranteed, price
right. Send for free L w HALL & GO., Rochester, N.Y
catalogue. _ •
Fruit Trees From the Grower.
Save middlemen's expense and get them
fresh dug. Catalog free.
WM. J. REILLY, NURSERYMAN. DANSVILLE, N Y.
5 sTw0on.;e.Hr“ofd Grapevines 50 cts.
Sent postpaid. Best varieties— red, white, black. We also
offer Five Three-Tear-Old Vines for $1.00* Will bear year
after planting. Valuable book how to plant, cultivate and
prune, free with every order. Grapes are easily grown
and should be in every garden. Mention this paper and
we’ll add free, one new, large, red currant.
T, S. Hubbard Co„ Brapevine Specialists, 350 Central Ave., Frodonia, N.Y,
Established U Years.
rnillT TDCCC Pear*, Bartlett, Beckel and other*.
rKlIll InCCj C'herrie* and Plum*, all standard
varieties. Peache* grown from buds from hearing
Btock. Get wholesale prices direct from us ; also $1 hot
Offers. Free Catalog. Prize Hampshire sheep. Write
W. P. RUPERT ii SON, Bo* 80, Seneca, N. Y.
Black’s Peach Trees-191
Peach Trees are one of our specialties— we
grow for quality and not quantity alone. Our
trees, however, cost little, if any, more than the
ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but seh
.3 direct, saving middleman's profits..
I
New booklet. “Springtime 1 U 3 1} |C
Joseph H. Black, Son 6c Co.
Box V, Hightstown, New Jersey
Booklet
Sent Free
Send Us Your Name
and address; if you Intend buying trees, vines
or shrubs for Spring planting. >' e yni
h promptly mail you Free a copy of our valua¬
ble book containing some great bargains In
high grade nursery stock. Wc save you the
agent's commission.
IVe grow our own stock and guar ante t it.
ALLKN L. WOOD, WoodUwn Hur»er»« .. „
5JO Culver ltoad Rochester, N. i.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
CELERY CITY NURSERIES. Desk G , K«l«m*zoo, Mich.
CABBAGE SEED
New Enkhuizen Glory (the world’s best cab¬
bage): extra selected seed, my own importa¬
tion. direct from Introducers in Holland, of
this truly wonderful Cabbage, Lb. $2.50, Oz.,
35 cts., Pkt., 10 cts. E. J. Wakefield, All
Head Early. Early Summer, Succession,
Winnigstadt, Burehead, Late Flat Dutch,
Drumhead, Lb. $1.50, Oz. 20 cts., Pkt. 5 Cts.
Postpaid. Write for free Catalog.
J. AUG. DRAKE, Seedsman, 100 Main St, Chester, N. J
1911.
1ST
THE RURAIj NEW-YORKER
GOOD FARMING AT THE SOUTH.
On page 1114, issue of December 3,
1910, under the caption “Hunting for
Cheap Nitrogen,” you say, in referring to
the farmers raising their own nitrogen :
“The Southern agricultural departments
and experiment stations have not done
their duty in this respect. A share of their
income is obtained from the sale of fer¬
tilizer tags to manufacturers. Whether
this has influenced them or not, they have
done little to encourage the use of green
manure crops, which are the great need
of Southern -.farming.” So far as Tennessee
is concerned I consider the above statement
false and libelous, nor can it be sustained
by one single fact. I am personally ac¬
quainted with the Hon. John Thompson,
Commissioner of- Agriculture for Tennessee,
and know that he. is an earnest advocate
of legumes and green manurial crops, while
his live stock inspector, Col. John II. Mc¬
Dowell, is one of the' most enthusiastic
live stock men . I ever met, and never
misses a chance to. advise the feeding on
our farms of cattle, hogs and sheep, with
especial emphasis on the latter. I am also
intimately acquainted with most of the
faculty, of our experiment station. When I
read your presumptuous insinuation I men¬
tally exclaimed, “You do not know Mor¬
gan ; you are not acquainted with Prof. II.
A. Morgan, Dean of the agricultural de¬
partment of the University of Tennessee,
for if you were . I am sure you would not
talk that way.” For he is continually in
school and out, day and night, earnestly
pleading and advocating cover crops for
Winter, to be turned under in the Spring,
and the planting of Soy beans to be fed
on the land. I have often heard him say,
“The land . is -humus. hungry ; feed it.” The
other members of his faculty try to go him
one better. I make a yearly pilgrimage to
the West Tennessee Experimental Farm and
there I see the exemplification of their
teaching, rye and vetches in the Winter to
be plowed under, Soy beans, clover and
cow peas to-be fed on the farm.
-W. ,T. G. WEBSTER.
Pres. Shelby Co. Farmers’ Institute.
R. N.-Y. — This is somewhat like sev¬
eral other letters. The writers over¬
look the fact that we stated distinctly
that we merely gave the opinions of a
number of farmers. We recently trav¬
eled nearly 1,500 miles through the
South, over three main railroads. There
was very little of this superior farming
or live stock growing to be seen from
the cars. One rarely if ever saw land
covered with a growing crop, or giving
evidence of good yields. We stated this
fact and said that after talking with
Southern farmers we found that they
had various reasons to offer. Will Mr.
Webster or anyone else tell us where
superior farming can be seen from the
train? That is where it ought to be
on view. Thousands of people travel
through the section we have mentioned
and see little except bare ground and
poor crops. How can they have any
idea of the great possibilities of South¬
ern soil? The car window ought to be
the best medium for advertising the
evident advantages of the South. The
railroads might take advantage of this
by cultivating strips of land along the
track. We should think the experiment
stations or agricultural departments
could take a hand in this. Strips of
improved land, showing what can be
done with clover, cow peas, vetch and
other legumes right alongside the rail¬
road would attract great attention and
impress many a traveler who at present
can see nothing but poor farming. If
the South wants to attract new farmers
this is one good way to interest them.
CHEAP PLAN FOR STARTING TREES.
O. T., Congress Heights , D. C. — I have
l about 50 acres of woodland, and would like
to have 25 or 30 acres of it planted to
apple trees. The cost of pulling the stumps
and getting this land ready for planting
would be about $35 to $50 an acre. I am
not able to bear this cost at this time.
My idea is this; to sell all the marketable
timber off. The remainder of the wood I
think I can get cut and hauled off and
the brush piled for nothing. Then burn
the brush and the land will be clear, ex¬
cepting the stumps. Then plant to apple
trees without attempting to plow, and
would “shank” the suckers off these stumps
twice a year, once in July and again dur¬
ing the Winter. I think in four or five
coma cthes*eu stumPs would die out so I
W ti, scratch through with a plow. Dur-
m ii, nii flrsJ fow y°ai's I would follow the
ainnnri ;nf0thod’ keePin£ the trees dug
aiound if necessary. I think if our New
England friends with their rocky ground
and steep hillsides can grow trees that
way, why should not I ? I understand
they have much land they cannot plow, and
stones so thick one can walk on them
without touching land for rods at a time.
I think it womd cost from $2 to $5 an
acre each year to keep the bushes cleared
off. This land is mostly level high land,
an excellent soil, mostly clay loam, in¬
clined to be sandy in some places. I am
sure apple trees would grow fast and
should be vigorous and healthy. I would
like you to put this letter before the
readers of The II. N.-Y. so I can get the
general opinion as to the practicability of
this plan.
Ans. — The plan proposed might be a
very good one, but I have serious doubts
of it. It would seem to me far better
first to clear a part of land well and
cultivate after planting the trees. A
small orchard well put in on ground
that is in such shape that it could be
thoroughly tilled would be worth much
more than a big one that could not be
well cared for. If the stumps are left to
rot out they will be a long time about
it, especially the chestnut and oak
stumps. They are always in the way
of using the modern implements, which
are the cheapest ones to use. Next to
clearing the land perfectly before start¬
ing to plant a tree would be to clear off
all the tops and brush, plow the ground
among the stumps, plant the trees and
put .corn or potatoes in the spaces be¬
tween them and cultivate all perfectly.
This will give the trees a good chance
to grow and the crop will pay for the
work. To keep down the sprouts, brush,
weeds, etc., with the hoe and • scythe
would be a lot of work, and nothing
could come back from the ground in
return for the labor, only the growth
of the trees. They would grow just as
well with the tillage, or perhaps better,:
and the ground would be in far better
condition. The plan of mulching the
trees with the weeds and other trash
might work quite well, but in case of
very dry spells they would likely suffer.
In moist soils of a clayey nature and
in a cool climate this would be far more
likely to succeed than in sandy land
and in the climate of the District of
Columbia, where the Summers are al¬
ways hot and sometimes very dry. A
small plot might be tried as a test.
H. F.. VAN DEMAN.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y’. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
If You Knew
How Good
are the sweet, crisp bits of
Post
T oasties
you would, at least, try ’em.
The food is made of per¬
fectly ripe white corn, cooked,
sweetened, rolled and toasted.
It is served direct from
the package with cream or
milk, and sugar if desired —
A breakfast favorite!
‘The Memory Lingers
Postum Cereal Company, Ltd.,
Battle Creek, Mich.
»»
$1.50 House Dress $
of Checked Percale
Postage Prepaid by Us
No. 21012 — “What would the material alone cost?”
It would cost you $1.00, Madam, to say nothing of
the making. The regular price of a house dress of
this qualtity could never be less than $1.50 — this
special price of $1.00 is simply to acquaint you with
“National” values.
This one-piece dress is made of Checked Percale,
and, first of all, it is made of excellent quality ma¬
terial that will launder well and wear splendidly.
The front of the waist, where the closing is effected,
has plaits at each shoulder stitdied to yoke depth,
which gives the necessary fullness to the model.
The jaunty turned-down collar, the breast pocket
and the buttoned cuffs that fasten the full-length
sleeves are made of plain color material. A belt of
the material joins the waist to the skirt, which closes
at the left side front with pearl buttons. Skirt
length about 40 inches. Colors: Blue and White
check; or Black and White check.
Sizes: 32 to 44 bust.
It is a very easy thing to order this house dress.
Just put a one dollar bill in an envelope and state
the size and color desired. We will send the
dress to you at our risk of your being pleased.
Special friend-making price, $1.00.
This Spring Style Book is
yours Free
Spring styles are greatly changed
—are radically new and most de¬
lightful. Never has style news
been so interesting, fashions so
pleasing, and never has such a
fascinating Style Book been pub¬
lished as this one reserved for you.
This Book is the wonder of the
Fashion World- — America's Style
Authority — the great “National”
Style Book, 224 pages, filled with
beautiful fashion plates of
all kinds of wearing apparel for
Women, Misses and Children at
money-saving prices.
Now here is your part. We very
much want you to have this book.
We have reserved it for you, but —
we need your name and address.
So now send us your request for
this Style Book. It will be sent
you Free.
National Cloak
No Agents or Branches
Copyright, 1911, by the National Cloak & Suit Co.
A 273 West 24t
NEW YORI
Mail Orders Only
&Sl TIT Cn 273 West 24th Street
VVJ., N£W YORK CITY
Pull Your Stumps 30 Days
FREE
400%
rStronger
Than
Others
At Our
Risk-
Guaranteed 3 Years
Triple-Power— All-Steel
Clear up your stumpy fields with the 3-year
Guaranteed Hercules, now sold on 30 days’
Free Trial. Test it on your place at our risk.
Pulls stumps out, roots and all. 400^>
stronger than any other puller made. Triple
power attachment means one-third greater
pull. The only stump puller guaranteed for
3 years. Only one with Double Safety
Ratchets. Only one with all bearings and
working parts turned, finished and machined,
reducing friction, increasing power, making
it extremely light running. Hitch on to any
stump and the stump is bound to come.
Also pulls largest-sized green trees, hedge¬
rows, etc. Don’t risk dangerous and costly
dynamite. It only shatters stump and
leaves roots in ground
Special Price Offer
We have a special price proposition to the
first man we sell to in new sections. We
are glad to make you a special price on the
first Hercules sold in your community be¬
cause that will sell many more for us
and save advertising. Write us at once
to get this.
HERCULES S3 S
Just write a postal for our speo.al price— 30 days’ Free Trial and all FREE BOOKS
about the only All-Steel, Triple-Power Stump Puller — the Famous Hercules.
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO., 13017th St., Centerville, la.
Pratt -Elkhart “40”
is the quietest, simplest and most powerful car
in the “40” class. They are in use today in over
half the States in the Union.
BACKED BY THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS’
SUCCESSFUL MANUFACTURING EXPERIENCE
Made in four classy designs; 117-inch wheel base, Unit
power plant, three-point suspension, offset
crank shaft, Bosch Magneto, 34x4-inch tires.
List Price— $1800.00. Top and wind shield extra. „
We Want a Sample Car in Every Locality— Write for Catalog and very
liberal proposition
ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MFC. CO., BkLart, Indiana.
40
Horse¬
power ,
°V : i
AGRICULTURE
“= Are THOROUGHLY HARD BURNT
F— Made of best Ohio Olay. Sold in car-load lots.
c/J ixj Also manufacturers of
3 g HOLLOW BUILDING BLOCKand SEWERPIPE
u_ H. B, Camp Company, Fulton Bldg,, Pittsburg, Pa.
168
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER
February 11,
THE FARMERS’ SHARE.
On page 72 we made some statements
regarding the sort of education which
farmers need. The Syracuse, N. Y.,
Post-Standard is supposed to be high
authority on farm education, so it printed
the following:
A “Personal Opinion.”
It is a pity to see so reputable and in¬
fluential a farm paper as The Rural New-
Yobker lending its columns to such clap
trap as :
“Our ‘personal opinion’ is that the farm¬
ers of this country do not need that edu¬
cation which shows them how to produce
more, half as much as that which will
show them how to get a larger share of
the consumer’s dollar.”
Certainly, Mr. Farmer.
Never mind finding out why your wheat
land which used to produce 20 bushels to
the acre now produces 12 bushels.
Don’t pay any attention to the cranks
who would induce you to spray your or¬
chards and have something better than
cider apples to sell in the Fall.
Don’t inquire whether the old general
purpose cow is netting you a loss or a
profit.
Don’t bother with Alfalfa.
Don’t learn anything new.
Don’t study. „ , ^ , ,
Sit around the box of sawdust and de¬
bate the best means of getting the con¬
sumer’s dollar. Work up a good high tem¬
perature by saying all the mean things you
can about the middleman and the railroad.
Don’t give anything to your profession.
Take all you can.
Write to your Congressman for more free
seed. , , . .
That’s the way to succeed — in driving
your sons to the city.
The ink was hardly dry on this bunch
of wisdom before our readers began
sending us copies of it with barbed wire
comments :
I enclose you a “personal opinion” pub¬
lished in last Saturday's I’ost-Standard. I
was ashamed of the paper for publishing
such a silly article, but think Ella C.
(Joodell has' made a good answer to it.
That woman is all right and knows what
she is writing about. J. h. betts.
Oswego Co., N. Y.
The article to which Mr. Betts refers
is as follows :
The Farmer of Today.
The type of farmer you mention in your
editorial criticism, “A Personal Opinion,
who is "sitting around the box of saw¬
dust ” must be a vision of the past, for the
farmer of to-day is debating questions per¬
taining to his business in the Orange, the
farmers’ institute or studying his problems
with the aid of the experiment stations or
the agricultural schools. lie is finding out
also in these latter days that if he is pro¬
ducing a crop at a loss, the more he raises
the worse off he is. , ,
We are learning to look for the leak
between three-cent milk to us and 10-cent
milk to the consumer. New York State is
largely a dairy State, and especially the
counties in this section. When the farm is
turned to dairying it is not possible to
raise grain to any extent, and this must
he bought. Not all farmers will raise Al¬
falfa, but many are trying to secure it,
though with seed at $13 a bushel it must
be slow seeding. Added to all these handi¬
caps are the up-to-date barns required by
the city boards of health, often putting the
small farmer deeply in debt. Most farm¬
ers are buying expensive stock, high-grade
or registered herds headed by thorough-
bred males in their efforts to increase the
yield of milk. The cost of all this is
proved by records kept by expert farmers,
and the facts brought out in some late in¬
vestigations, that such milk cannot be pro¬
duced for less than 3% cents per quart.
The highest price paid in this section this
vear has been just 3% cents per quart and
that for only one month, when the mem¬
bers of the New York Milk Exchange got
together and declared there was a surplus
of milk and made a “gentleman's agree¬
ment” to keep within the law, and dropped
the price to 3% cents, but they forgot to
drop anything off from the consumer’s
Shall we redouble our efforts to make
more milk at a loss? It means more ex¬
pensive cows, more feed. Or shall we be¬
gin to look after our share of the con¬
sumer’s dollar? The city farmer does not
seem to realize that it costs any more to
double the crop. There must be more work
in preparing the soil, more fertilizer used,
more help to do the work. More help is
the great problem. This is hard to obtain
and the wages are prohibitive. Hand is
lying idle in central New York for lack of
help, and what the farmer and his family
cannot do from before dawn until after
dark must go undone. Immigrant help, ex¬
cept in gangs under a boss, has so far not
been very satisfactory. The average farmer
has no idea that he can run a department
store or edit a paper, and he is equally
skeptical of advice from those engaged in
other occupations. , , _
He is not sending to his Congressman
for more free seed, but oftener returning
them and informing the honorable gentle-
man that it is up to him to legislate for
the interests of the farmer or lose his 30b.
Too long has the farmer worked to increase
th/' crop that others might grow rich
thereby. To-dav he is organizing and
watching his interests outside the farm.
What he needs is less advice how to do the
work and more help that is willing to get
right down in the dirt and help do it.
b ELLA C. GOODELL.
Out of a dozen other letters sent us
we may take the following :
I am enclosing a clipping from my daily
paper that I thought might interest you.
I think you are right in your personal
opinion. Take the dairy farmer, for in¬
stance ; he is producing too much hmk,
any more would reduce prices which with
the average producer’s methods makes the
consumer’s dollar look like less than 30
cents. He buys western grain, pays rail¬
road freight, grain combine prices, retail
dealers’ percentage at one end, and milk
station operation, railroad freight, milk
dealers’ profits, and peddlers’ expenses at
the other end, and to this add labor, in¬
terest and taxes that are continually go¬
ing higher. He would be better off to sell
half his cows, raise the feed for the other
half on his farm, get what he wants to eat,
a. . let the other fellow do the same.
FRANK D. HAMILTON.
Madison Co., N. Y.
Ground Bone Top-dressing.
E. J. (No Address). — How would ground
bone do for top-dressing ground sown to
rye and grass last Fall? If not suitable
to use alone, what should be added and in
what proportions, also for a general fer¬
tilizer? Can you tell me anything of the
Peter Cooper bone?
AnS. — Ground bone supplies phosphoric
acid and nitrogen, but no potash. Use
three parts by weight of bone to one of
muriate or sulphate of potash for grain.
On poor land it would pay to add one
part of nitrate of soda, which supplies
available' nitrogen to quicken up the
grass. The “Peter Cooper bone” means
bone which has been used for glue mak¬
ing. The nitrogen is taken out of it,
leaving a very fine product containing
phosphoric acid and lime.
Reo Proof
Absolute proof of the qualities you want in a motor
car — the io^ day-and-night record of the Rco from
New York to San Francisco.
Reliability — the first and most important. Half of the 4000 miles
between New York and San Francisco is desert and mountain trails — the
worst roads in the country : deep wash-outs, rocks in the road, often no road
at all. A car that can keep on going at such a rate over those roads will do
anything you can ask of it.
“I told dat feller I was so flat broke
I had to sleep outdoors,” said Plodding
Pete. ‘‘Did it touch his heart?” asked
Meandering Mike. “No. He said he
was doing the same thing, an’ had to pay
de doctor for tellin’ him what a blessin’
it was.” — Washington Star.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
f PHILADELPHIA. PA.
Stand for Purity and Quality. The result
of 38 years’ experience in testing, and
proving the best. Our GARDEN AND FARM
MANUAL for 1911 tells all about them.
Mailed tree to seed buyers who write for it.
JOHNSON SEED COMPANY,
217 Market S t, Philadelphia. Pa.
WeOrowandTest
OurSeedatHome
Nearly all our seed is grown right here on our own farms.
We could buy seed a lot cheaper, but we can’t afford to do it
_ neither couldyoa afford to plant such stuff, even though
you bought it for a few cents less— because nobody can ever
tell how much of it will grow.
Our method makes it easy for yon to grow good crops.
We watch the seed plants In the fields all summer, to
make sure that they grow true to ty)>e, uninixed with other
seed; then we carefully clean and thoroughly test it, so that
When You Plant Harris’ Seed You Can
Tell Just How Much of It Will Grow
On every package of our seed is a label telling just how
much of that seed will germinate. If you aren’t in the habit
of buying seed that's as carefully grown as tliat, try our
seed this year ; it won’t cost you much, if any , more, but ,
your crops will be far better / Catalogue free.
JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY
Mortfon Farm, Box 31, Coldwater, N. Y.
MAULE S SEEDS
ONCE GROWN ALWAYS GROWN
Is the reason why for many years past I have
done such an enormous seed business. 79,430
customers In Pennsylvania alone, with almost
half a million the world over. My New Seed Book
for 1911 is a wonder; contains everything in
seeds, bulbs and plants worth growing. Weighs 12
ounces; 600 illustrations, 4 colored plates, 176
pages. Any gardener sending his name on a
postal card can have It for the asking. Address
WM. HENRY MAULE
1707-09-11 Filbert St., Philadelphia, P«.
_ S end B cents ( stamps ) and mention this
paper and 1 will enclose in the catalogue
a packet of seed of the above choice pansy.
Power. The Rocky and Sierra Mountains, and the desert in between
gave the Reo lots of stiff and rough climbs. You’ll never find
a harder or stiffer climb in all your motoring.
Speed. The car that held the previous record was a
$4000 six-cylinder car; but the Reo beat it by nearly five days.
We have plenty more proof of the solid motoring
qualities of the Reo, if you want it ; but this is absolute.
Send for catalogue and “ Reo and the Farmer ”, Plain facts.
R M Owen & Co Lansing Mich Reo Motor Car Co
Licensed under Selden Patent
You can
do it
with a
Rotten Potatoes, Culls &Trash
make mighty poor stuff for planting. If through unfavorable weather conditions or
adverse circumstances, your potato crop was a failure last year, do not think of planting
the stuff you have on hand, but, sell all that is salable and convert the culls and refuse
into ten-cent pork and get a new start. There is nothing truer under the sun than the
old adage, “Like begets like,” and to grow a good crop of potatoes one must plant
GOOD SEED.
Dibble’s SEED POTATOES are GOOD SEED POTATOES, and the best
possible proof that they ARE good is found in the fact that 20 years ago— the first year
we started in business— our sales were less than 500 bushels, and last year over 100,000
bushels.
Dibble’s Seed Potatoes especially adapted to each va-
riety, and from carefully se¬
lected seed. After harvest they are stored in our own specially constructed warehouses,
360 feet in length, and kept, at an even temperature of around 38 degrees, so as to hold
the tubers firm and hard till spring. We catalog 31 varieties, all that is newest and best,
as well as the old standard sorts of value, and we are sure that some of our varieties,
both early and late, MUST he adapted to the soil on your farm. Numbers of farmers
have written us that Dibble’s Seed Potatoes have outyielded their home grown seed two
to one, others that they have doubled their crops. Why not on your farm ?
We Are Headquarters for Seed Potatoes
Have over 60,000 bushels in store, and our prices are lowest possible consistent with high¬
est possible quality, as we ship direct from our 16' 0-acre seed farms to yours.
Our Farm Seed Catalog foi\l!)l 1 contains more pages devoted to seed potatoes than
any other we have seen, and Mr. Dibble has written a little book entitled, piAPP
“ Dibble on the Potato,” giving 20 years’ experience in potato growing. LULL
If you are interested in Good Seed Potatoes and want to learn all rnrr
about potato culture, send for the Catalog and the book. They are I 1 1 fea
- address -
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
Dreers Garden Book
THE 1911 edition is larger and more comprehensive than any
x former issue and the most helpful single volume ever pub¬
lished on garden subjects. 288 pages, nearly 1,000 illust rations,
8 color and duotone plates. Describes over 1,200 varieties of
Flower Seeds, 600 kinds of Vegetables, 2,000 varieties of plants,
llundredsof cultural articles by experts telling plainly just how
to grow flowers, vegetables, plants, climbers, shrubs, aquatics,
roses, etc. These arranged conveniently with pictures, prices
and descriptions.
Mailed free to anyone mentioning this publication.
DRKKK’S OKCH ID-FLOW KHED SWEET PEAS
These arc the aristocrat* of the Sweet Pea family am! just as easy to grow
as the ordinary sort. Flowers of extraordinary size, with wavy petals,
usually borne four to a spray. A mixture containing all colors, 10c per
packet; 15c per oz. "Garden Book" free with each order.
HENRY A. DREER > PHIL ADEL ITHA
Northrup, King & Co.’s
LINCOLN OAT
THE LARGEST AND HEAVIEST YIELDING VARIETY
75 to 90 bushels per acre. Early, rust resistant , strong, stiff straw, thin
hull, heavy meat, soft nib, white berry. We offer hardy, Canadian grown
seed, weighing 44 lbs. to the measured bushel-. The finest variety and best
quality of seed obtainable anywhere. Don’t sow ordinary seed when our
Lincoln Oats may tie obtained at the following reasonable prices: Bu. of 32 lbs.,
$1.25; 2 bu. at $1.10; 10 bu. at $1.00. F.O.B. Minneapolis, bags free. Special
prices on large lots. Story of record yields and other information on this
remarkable oat in our 27TH ANNUAL CATALOGUE FOR 1911
Beautifully illustrated with photographs true to nature. It gives accurate
descriptions of every variety of seeds best adapted to northern culture. This
book contains 144 pages, each one filled with information of value to those who
plant seeds. It is sent without charge to those requesting it. Write for it now.
NORTHRUP, KING & CO., s.-d.„,en,
i^aa— BMgw— m.ipi IMIII ■! 1 1— wa<i
1911
16©
LEGAL MATTERS.
Woman’s Rights in Property.
A widow having children, marries again ;
no children are born to the second mar¬
riage Can she by will leave her property
to her children, and not any to her hus¬
band? If not, can she deed it to her chil¬
dren? x. Y. z.
New York.
She may leave her property to her
children if she so desires.
Rights in Water Vein.
I have a valuable spring, which has
supplied our premises for GO years. The
railroad company last Spring drilled a
well on their land, put in a powerful
pump and have completely drained our
spring. Is there anything I can do?
New York. F. B.
It is very doubtful if you have a
cause of action against the railroad com¬
pany. While one may not, to the pre¬
judice of the rights of another, inter¬
fere with a water-course on the surface,
or one which is known to exist beneath
the surface, still since the owner of the
surface has a right to the use and en¬
joyment of the land below the surface,
if in the exercise of his rights, and for
the purpose of enjoying his premises he
makes excavations and thus cuts off,
diverts or destroys the use of an under¬
ground spring or unknown channel of
water, which has had no known or
definite course, but which in fact has
been accustomed to make its way
through the ground and into the land
of another, he is not liable for the stop¬
page or diversion of such flow. Of
course if your spring was fed by a
known and well defined water course,
and the railroad company had put down
their well and cut this supply of water
off from your spring you would have
had a remedy, but if they have simply
chanced in putting down their well to
intercept and collect water which was
accustomed to percolate through their
soil and reach your ground, we fear
you have no remedy.
Farm Tenancy.
“A” rents a farm to “B” for money rent.
Agreement specifies all hay, straw, etc.,
Is to be used on premises, except “B” may
take three loads of hay away on expiration
of tenancy. What is landlord’s remedy if
he discovers “B” attempting to remove
more than three loads, and what is Ills
remedy if “B” succeeds in removing more
than three loads before landlord finds it
out? e. w.
Ohio.
A’s remedy would be the right to
recover from B his damages sustained
by reason of the fact that the hay and
straw were not fed upon his farm. The
hay and straw being B’s property, A
could not prevent him from doing with
it what he saw fit ; but would be en¬
titled to recover damages for the breach
of contract in not feeding it upon the
farm as agreed.
Repairs to Private Road.
A, B, C, D, R, F and G all live in a cei’-
taln creek valley and all use the same
road to the pike This road is not a town¬
ship road, therefore all the work that is
done to keep this road in repair lias to ho
done free by the parties using same. A
lives about 200 yards from the pike and
has kept the road in repair from his house
to the pike for the i>ast several years, as
the other parties who use it refuse to help.
A want a decent road to his house, hut can¬
not have it without hauling large quanti¬
ties of gravel on to the road which the
other parties ruin for him in had weather.
What can A do to make the others do their
part? F. w.
Ohio.
There is nothing that A can do to
compel others who use a private road
to help maintain it. His best remedy
would seem to be to take steps to have
a township road established.
Right of Way.
A owns a farm in New York State. B
joins A on the west. In order for B to
get to depot or milk station he lias to go
three miles around. In crossing A, B will
cut off two miles distance. If A con¬
tinues to let B cross his farm year after
year can B ever claim right of way? A
in letting B cross charges nothing and re¬
ceives nothing. Would it make any dif¬
ference if A should demand a small com¬
pensation for the privilege? m. t.
New York.
A right of way cannot be acquired
by permission. So long as A acknowl-
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER
edges B’s ownership and gets his right
from him he cannot acquire any rights
in the land or in the easement over the
same. It makes no difference whether
the permission is given with or without
price.
Buying Mortgaged Farm.
I am about to buy a farm in Vermont
and the owner will give me a deed of the
property, but I must give him a bond for
the deed. Under those conditions what
rights would I have in the deed and could
I sell if I wanted to? The farm has a first
and second mortgage on it. g. m.
New York.
If we understand your inquiry, you
contemplate buying a farm upon which
there are two mortgages; and part of
the consideration are to assume, and
agree to pay the obligations secured by
these mortgages, at the same time giv¬
ing a bond to indemnify your proposed
grantor against these obligations. If
this is all the bond provides for, it
would not affect your rights under the
deed.
Business and Speculation.
My 15-yenr-old boy takes your paper
and reads it, advertisements and all. I
particularly call Ills attention to articles
against speculation, fraud, etc. k. m. s.
That is one of the best things you can
do. You. cannot begin too early to show
the boy the difference between honest, con¬
servative business and speculation.
Steel Wheels
Steel Gears
The Modern Wagon
Why then a wagon of wood?
You know the advant¬
ages steel construction
has over wooden con¬
struction. You wouldn’t
even think of buying a
wooden frame cultiva-
Everyone realizes that the
Enthusiastic Over Alfalfa.
Being very enthusiastic about getting a
piece of Alfalfa started on my little farm
here, I had about one-half acre plowed last
Fall, which was in grass, the land being
what you would term creek bottom land,
and composed of a light, sandy loam, with
the water table from four to five feet' be¬
low. It is my intention to manure this
piece with as much cow manure as I can
spare in the Spring, plowing this under
deeply; then I shall apply about one ton
of ground limestone, harrowing this in
thoroughly. It is also my intention to
secure about 100 pounds of inoculated soil
from an old Alfalfa field to top-dress on
this piece. Would you advise sowing the
Alfalfa in Spring, or latter part of July?
Shohola, Pa. o. e.
R. N.-Y. — That is nearly an ideal prepa¬
ration. We should seed late in .Tulv.
steel wagon will soon be the only wagon used
The Davenport Roller. Bearing
Steel Farm Wagon
Is Built Like a Bridge
Constructed of I-beams, chan¬
nels and angles, solidly riveted
together with large steel rivets,
put in hot. The gear parts and
the wheels are trussed and
braced like the modern steel
railway bridge, built for the
heaviest lifetime service. In
the Davenport you have a
wagon of 5000 pounds capac¬
ity, stronger and more durable
and of lighter draft than any
other wagon of equal capacity. The Modern Bridge.
The WHEELS of steel, with strong round spokes, forged solidly into the
hubs and hot riveted into the tires, do away with the resetting of tires, loose
spokes and cracked felloes.
Roller-Bearings Reduce the Draft 30% to 50%
Last a
Lifetime
No Repair
Bills to
Pay
The Roller-Bearing.
You know the difference between dragging a thing and rolling it. Well, the
Roller-Bearings have this advantage on the Davenport.
Write us now for more information and why you should buy a Davenport
when you need a wagon again. The Davenport costs about the same as a
high grade wooden wagon, and is far better. Be sure and ask for our
Package No.36. for full information.
Davenport Wagon Company, Davenport, Iowa
ii
CHICAGO ANO KAfcftA* ClU ff/h/ C£
CKicato Avenue Bnd$e. Chicago’
The best engines for any and every ki id of farm work are
described and illustrated in its page:. Details of construc¬
tion are explained. Directions are given for the care of
engines, which, when followed, assure long life and good
service from every engine bought of us. All the essential
features of good gas engines are shown and their importance
explained. Various uses are suggested and attachments
shown which add greatly to the handiness and value of a
gas engine to a farmer.
Whether you are ready now to buy a gasoline engine or not
this catalogue should be in your home for the value of the
information it contains. You will buy a gasoline engine
some time and when you do, you can’t know too much about
engines. We believe that the more you know when you buy
the more likely you will be to buy from us.
We have always insisted upon the highest grade of excel¬
lence both of material and workmanship in every engine
sold by us. We have searched the country over for new
ideas, demonstrated improvements, simpler constructions,
and by so doing have kept the standard of our engines
right up to the best modern practice. They are made in
large factories which have every facility for doing the
finest work at the lowest possible cost. They are made
in such quantities that every unnecessary item of expense
in their building is done away with.
We are selling the best gas engine bargains in America today. You
owe it to yourself to get our Catalogue and find out all about them.
LET US SEND IT TO YOU.
what size engine you can use.
Mail us a postal card asking for the book and telling us
Address it to the nearest house, Kansas City or Chicago.
19tb and Campbell Sts.
KANSAS CITY
Montgomery Ward & Co.
Chicago Avenue Bridge
CHICAGO
You Need Our Gasoline
Engine Catalogue
You can learn more about gas¬
oline engines from the pages of
our Gas Engine Catalogue than
from many of the books pub¬
lished for the sole purpose of
giving such information.
Every Engine We Sell Carries a
Five-Year Guarantee
160
February 11,
MAKING AND USING LIME-SULPHUR.
TV. K., Zurich, Fa. — I note limc-sul-
pliur spray for apples advocated for Sum¬
mer work. 1. Can you inform me whether
it is settled that lime-sulphur is a good
substitute for blue vitriol? 2. Is the for¬
mula 1-30 lime-sulphur enough to kill San
Jose scale? If so is it necessary to spray in
early Spring before the buds swell for scale?
I noted an article on this subject stating
the less boiling of the concentrate the less
burning of the trees? 3. Just how should
the concentrate be made and how long
should it be boiled?
Value of Lime-Sulphur. — 1. First I
will say it is settled that lime-sulphur
is a good substitute for Bordeaux Mix¬
ture, which 1 presume is what the ques¬
tioner means by blue vitriol. In fact
nearly all horticulturists, entomologists
and many of the best fruit growers
throughout the East think it much su¬
perior. Experiments carried on by many
stations, growers, etc., myself among
them, seem to indicate that lime-sulphur
is as good a fungicide as the Bordeaux
Mixture, and this i.s the only part of
the question to take into consideration,
as it has been proven beyond the shadow
of a doubt that when used in connec¬
tion with arsenate of lead it is as good
an insecticide. This seems to narrow
the thing down to which does the most
injury. And surely there is no question
about that; anyone who has ever used
the Bordeaux Mixture regularly has,
some seasons at least, had very severe
injury from rusting of the fruit, the
amount depending largely upon the
weather immediately after the spraying,
and amount of mixture applied. On
the other hand, there are no reports of
severe injury from use of the lime-
sulphur as a Summer spray when prop¬
erly made and diluted. In my own ex¬
periments, which covered 10 varieties,
while there was some russeted fruit, it
was in no case more than on the check
trees that were not sprayed at all. This
is practically the same in all the experi¬
ments where 1 have been able to get
data; that is, no injury except where
slight traces are taken into considera¬
tion. And wherever the two mixtures
have been used side by side for com¬
parison the supremacy of lime-sulphur
is unquestionable. That leaves one more
thing to be taken into consideration,
the proper dilution of the mixture and
its purity. With us, a pure mixture
diluted one to 30 gave no burning.
Use for San Jose Scale. — 2. It has
been reported by at least one man that
lime-sulphur diluted one to 30 would
eradicate San Jose scale. This may be
possible by making thorough applications
at short intervals during the entire sea¬
son when scale are active. It surely
has no effect at this strength after the
covering has been secreted ; that means
those who have advanced this far must
go on and perform their functions of
reproduction, and you must catch the
young as they are produced. They are
produced every day during the hatch¬
ing season, which extends into late Fall ;
consequently you must make frequent
applications or you are not advancing.
Surely where only one or two applica¬
tions are made during the season there
will be no beneficial result noticeable
in the reduction of numbers. Therefore
it is necessary to make the dormant
spray before buds open at a strength
of one to Sl/2 (based on a 33° Beaume
test of the mixture) if you would ef¬
fectually control the San Jose scale.
This is not only the most practical way',
but the most practical remedy as well.
And I must confess I am always sur¬
prised when people ask if this is a
necessary treatment for scale, for to my
mind no man who wants to take the best
care of his orchard can afford to neglect
this application even if he has not got
San Jose scale, for beside being the best
remedy for that, it is also the best
remedy for blister mite, Oyster-shell
scale and Scurfy bark-louse. It is also
beneficial in holding in check many
other insects and fungus growths of
many kinds. In fact its benefits are so
many and varied as a dormant spray or
wash that even the most ardent admirer
fails to realize its scope.
Making the Concentrate. — 3. As J.
M. K. says I stated the less boiling of
the concentrate the less burning of the
trees, I am sure he did not read the
article on page 1115 carefully, for when
I made that statement it was about the
self-boiled mixture, which is quite a
different thing from the concentrated
mixture. Up until last Fall, when talk¬
ing about the concentrated lime-sulphur
mixture the Cordley formula was gen¬
erally meant. That is the one after
which all the commercial concentrates
were supposed to be made as well as the
homemade. The ingredients for this
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
when bought in comparatively large
quantities were, labor included, $3.05 for
enough for 50 gallons of mixture or an
average of $3.90 for the equivalent of
50 gallons of commercial mixture test¬
ing 33° B. The past two years Dr.
Van Slyke and Prof. Parrott, both of
the Geneva Experiment Station, have
been working on a new formula. Last
year it was found to be a very much
better one than the old formula. It
gave higher testing mixtures, less sedi¬
ment, was equally as effective, and re¬
duced the cost about $1 per barrel of
50 gallons. The experiments were long
and many, yet all it is necessary for us
to know is that the amounts set forth
are the greatest ones that will enter into
solution with 50 gallons of water; con¬
sequently any greater amounts of lime
and sulphur do not add to the strength
of the mixture, but do add to the sedi¬
ment. As I consider these amounts the
most practical as well as economical,
they are the ones I am recommending
and are 80 pounds sulphur, 40 pounds
stone lime and 50 gallons water, and
should cost for the prepared solution
where 50 gallons can be cooked at one
time about: 80 pounds sulphur, $1.50;
40 pounds lime, 27 cents; labor, fuel,
etc., 30 cents; total cost, $2.07. These
figures are taken from a table furnished
by Prof. Parrott and are what it ac¬
tually cost on the average to make a
number of lots, and cost also on the
average $2.63 for the equivalent of 50
gallons of commercial concentrate test¬
ing 33° B.
You see the 50 gallons actually cost
only $2.07, but this will not test quite
as high, averaging a little over 28° B.,
so will not go as far as the commercial
that tests 33° B., therefore it takes more
gallons to do the same work, which
makes the equivalent cost $2.63. If only
25 gallons can be cooked at one time,
the cost will be a little greater.
Making the Lime-Sui.piiur at Home.
— It is not practical to make over 25
gallons in a 50-gallon barrel where live
steam is used, or in the average potash
kettle with fire, so I will give recipe for
that amount, and anyone who has the
facilities may double or treble as the
case may be. For steam, put five gal¬
lons of water in barrel and 40 pounds
sulphur, turn on steam and cook a few
minutes until it is a smooth paste, keep¬
ing stirred ; add 10 gallons of water and
20 pounds stone lime, boil for 45 min¬
utes, add water to make 25 gallons, cool
to 65° and test clear liquid with a hydro¬
meter. With potash kettle, put in five
gallons of water and 40 pounds sulphur,
start fire and boil and stir a few min-
( Continued on next page. )
A Simple
HAY LOADER
BOOKLET FREE
Here’s a Hay Loader without a complicated
or troublesome part. Not a gear, chain,
sprocket or spring. Nothing to break or cause
delays during the busy haying season.
It is always ready for a hard day’s work.
It delivers the hay on the wagon in perfect
condition. No “chewing” or shattering of
clover and alfalfa leaves, no threshing out of
the seed.
It adjusts itself automatically at the top
and bottom to light or heavy hay or windrows.
It has a lighter draft than other Loaders,
loads a higher load and requires but one man.
Our Free Booklet is full of interesting facts.
Write for it today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL.
HYDRATED LIME
in paper sacks, car-lots, for $7.50 per ton. Lime
Screenings in bulk, from best grade of burnt lime,
$5.00 per ton, f. o. 1). cars any point between Buffalo
and New York on the main lines of the N. Y. Cen¬
tral, Erie, T>., L. & W., Penna., Lehigh, N. Y., O. &
W. and C. R. R. of N. J. Order early before the
great demand sets in and delays shipments.
Address J. W. BALLARD CO.. : : BINGHAMTON. N. Y.
This $1500 Farmers Motor Car
In Many Respects Equals $4000 Cars
FARMERS are delighted to find in this great motor car many of the feat¬
ures of motor cars that cost up to $4000. We have spent years in de¬
veloping the Abbott-Detroit until now it is the one perfectly standardized
motor car in the world selling at $1500. By this we mean to emphasize that
every part, every detail has been scrutinized and brought to a stage of perfec¬
tion where we find it impossible to improve. For these reasons you get in the
Abbott-Detroit a country service automobile far exceeding your expectations.
“The Car With A Pedigree”
flbbolblVfroit
Looks Just Like Highest Priced Cars
The painting and trimming specifications of
the Abbott-Detroit parallel those of $4000 cars.
The lines, the convenience, the luxury of the
Abbott-Detroit make a great many people think
it costs three times as much as it does.
Over the roughest country roads the Abbott-
Detroit clearly demonstrates its free easy riding,
its power, its noiselessness, its ability to assim¬
ilate ruts, crossings, hard grades and deep mud.
You are as comfortable as you can be because of
the big, strong, perfectly built spriugs which
level bumps and make all roads seem like
boulevards.
There are many cars listed at $1500 but by
the time you have paid for all the extras you
have expended up to $2000. The Abbott-Detroit
at $1500 includes everything but top and wind¬
shield. It includes a complete electric light
equipment of two electric headlights and combi¬
nation electric and oil side and rear lamps and
Bosch High Tension or Splitdorf dual ignition
system.
Write to-day for the Book of the Abbott-De¬
troit which gives all the vital information about
this wonderful car and when we send it to you
we will include a letter of introduction to our
local dealer who can show you the car itself.
Our guarantee is more than the ordinary
guarantee. When you become an Abbott-Detroit
owner you make a permanent connection with
our organization. We keep in touch with you
and protect you continually. Just drop us a
postal right now and let us tell you all about it.
Abbott Motor Co.,
126 Waterloo St., Detroit, Mich.
IHSTHlIU'TOJtS! George L. Reiss. 1 776 Broadway, N. Y. City; J. H. Wright, 28 Market
" Y.; Burdick <V Hartwell, Troy. N. Y.; Bison Motor Co., Buffalo, N. Y.;
2 Exchange St., Rochester, N.Y. ; E. .1. Montiguy, Xi Grant So., Brooklyn,
ts & Son, Elmira, N.Y. ; W. E. Piquette, 40B S. Augusta At., Baltimore, Md.
St.. Auburn. N. Y.; Burd
T. J. Northwny, 92 Exehai
N.Y. ; H. 11. Roberts & Sou
Planet Jr
.^Guaranteed Implements
Backed by over 35 years’ experi¬
ence of a practical farmer and manu¬
facturer. You run no risk when you get
a Planet Jr, and you will be surprised
at how much more and better work
70u can do with less labor. Planet Jrs
kare light and strong, and last a life-time'
I No. 25 j Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill V "
Seeder, Double- Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow’
opens the furrow, sows seed in drills or hills, covers,
rolls, marks out next row in one operation. Also
perfect cultivating attachments.
. 16 1 Planet Jr Single Wheel-Hoe, Cultiva
r. Rake and Plow is a most useful adjustable gar¬
den tool. Keeps ground in thorough condition all
through season. The new pressed steel frame makes
the tool practically indestructible.
Write today for 19 11 illustrated
catalogue of all Planet Jr imple¬
ments. Free and postpaid.
S L Allen & Co
Box H07V Philadelphia Pa
Treat your
plants right
Try it for
tomatoes
Use Sunlight Sash and be first on the market
Get the benefit of the big prices. Use Sunlight Double Glass Sash —
see how much faster your plants grow — how much larger the crops!
The double layer of glass does it.
Between the two layers of glass is a-%
inch layer of dry, still air. This forms a
transparent blanket that lets in all the
light from sun-up to sun-down.
You never cover Sunlight Sash
You can throwaway all mats and boards. The
air cushion between the two layers of glass af¬
fords ample protection In all kinds of weather.
Glass Is held In place without putty. Can’t
work loose, easily replaced.
SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO.
Agents wanted. Write for propositions.
Send for these two books
1. Our Freo Catalog, containing frolght pre¬
paid and guaranteed de¬
livery proposition.
2. Send 4c In stamps for
a valuu tile booklet on hot¬
bed and cold frame gar¬
dening by Prof. W. F. Mas¬
sey. There Is no higher
authority In the country.
924 E. Broadway,
Louisville. Ky.
1911.
iei
THE RUKAb NEW-YORKER
utes until a smooth paste is formed;
add 10 gallons water and 20 pounds
stone lime, boil 45 minutes, add water
to make 25 gallons, cool to 65° and test
clear liquid with a hydrometer. Hydro¬
meters and tubes may be obtained for
$1, probably through your wholesale
druggist. Everyone who is going to
make or use lime-sulphur spray should
have one, as they are the only safe
guides. Reduce all concentrated lime-
sulphur solutions at the rate of one to
seven if mixture tests 30° B., one-half
gallon less dilution for every degree
less the mixture tests, and one-half gal¬
lon more water to one gallon of mixture
for every degree over 30° B. the mix¬
ture tests, or when hydrometer is at
hand, dilute until mixture tests 45° B.
Sediment is not of necessity detri¬
mental to the mixture as far as efficacy
is concerned, yet as all tests are specific
gravity tests, nothing but clear solution,
either concentrated or diluted, should be
used for making the tests or you get a
false reading. By careful tests it has
been found that 45 minutes was about
the best length of time of boiling. After
all ingredients have gone into solution,
longer boiling is detrimental, as lime
and sulphur again revert to solids,
thereby increasing the sediment and re¬
ducing the amount of lime and sulphur
in solution. Keep mixture well stirred
at all times when making. Have some
cold water always on hand in case mix¬
ture seems about to boil over. A close
cover is beneficial in conserving heat.
The sulphur enters more readily into so¬
lution if reduced to a smooth paste be¬
fore adding the lime or too great a
quantity of water. Apparently as good
results are had with the cheapest grades
of sulphur as with the more costly
brands. The cheapest is the ordinary
sulphur flour or ground brimstone.
Since January 1 all lime in New York
State must be sold under a guarantee.
Avoid lime that does not test high in
calcium oxide; that which tests 95 per
cent calcium oxide is practically pure.
The mixture may be kept a year without
much deterioration if airtight barrels are
used. Jt may also be kept a compara¬
tively long time in a open head barrel
by running a little paraffin on the sur¬
face. If exposed to the air for a long
time crystals will form, also scales of
sulphur on the surface. This is due to
some extent to evaporation and the mix¬
ture is improved by adding some water
and heating to the boiling point before
using, and don’t forget to retest!
When used as a Summer spray reduce
not less than 30 gallons of water to
one gallon of commercial lime-sulphur.
(Some reports are to the effect that as
good results were had at one to 40.)
Add three pounds arsenate of lead to
each 50 gallons of dilute mixture where
only one application is made ; reduce
amount of arsenate of lead if more than
one spraying is made. This will apply
to apples and pears both. For peaches
and other stone fruits, one to 100 is
nearer right, and for late applications
for rot one to 150 was used by the
writer with great satisfaction. It was
also used one to 25 on potatoes with
good results. In early applications on
potatoes lime should be added, as it is
more effectual against flea-beetle be¬
cause more distasteful. About six
pounds slaked and strained to 50 gallons
is' all that will pass readily through fine
nozzles. w. h.
should think by February sure ; that is
if they have grown thrifty. As a rule
late-hatched chicks do not grow and
develop as fast as early-hatched ones,
probably because the grasshoppers, etc.,
are gone when the late chicks are at
the age when they should be bug-hunt¬
ing all day. Of course beef scraps takes
the place to some extent, but nothing
quite equals food that is alive.
In regard to crossing the breeds—
Rocks and Minorcas — the result would
be a lot of mongrels that in all prob¬
ability would not lay as well as the
Minorcas, and the eggs could never be
sold for more than market price. On
the contrary, if he breeds up the laying
qualities of the Minorcas, and his
neighbors find that he has some pure¬
bred fowls of extra good laying quali¬
ties, he can sell a good many eggs for
a dollar a dozen instead of 30 cents,
and that at a time of year when eggs
are being produced most abundantly.
There is everything to lose and nothing
to be gained by crossing the breeds. I
must admit there is a great fascination
about it, and I don’t blame the amateur
hen man for yielding to it. If I were
worth a million dollars I would cross all
the breeds in every conceivable way, just
for the fun of seeing what the result
would be. geo. a. cosgrove.
Duration of Strawberries.
Last Spring I set out one-half acre of
strawberry plants, composed of the follow
ing varieties : Bubaeh, Haverland and Ten¬
nessee Prolific. They were set two feet
apart in rows that were four feet apart.
About four hundred of them were killed
by cutworms. I reset these by letting
some of the runners form crowns, and then
digging them up and transplanting them
where needed. As it was a wet season all
of them lived, and make a good growth.
They were plowed and hoed after every
rain, and worked on the hill Bystem.,
Mulched the last of November, with old
clover hay. The ground that they are on
is limestone and naturally drained. It
was in corn last year, and 200 pounds of
corn fertilizer applied. Can I cultivate
and run this patch on four or five years or
shall I have to renew it every year?
Midway, Ky. ' ‘ j. h. d.
Our own fields, handled somewhat in this
way, but with the plants closer, are fruited
three to five years and give good yields.
We doubt if a farmer can afford to' plant
strawberries iu hills, give them thorough
care and fruit them less than three years.
HENS THAT LAY.
Last April I had seven Black Minorca
hens and a rooster, and up to this date
there have not been more than live days
that the hens have not laid. I have six
Minorca pullets and three Barred Plymouth
Itocks hatched last dune. How long should
it be before we should be getting some re¬
turn from them? Would you advise the
crossing of these two breeds when iti
comes to the production of eggs? The
general feed for them all for the last three
months or over has been cracked corn and
oats or oats scalded and then fried in fat
with a dish of scratch feed before them all
the time; oyster, shells (ground), besides
the waste from the table. We are at pres¬
ent getting three eggs every day and quite
often four. g. w. m.
Kingston, Mass.
This man has no reason to find fault
with those seven Black Minorcas. If
they have laid without missing more
than five days from April up to Janu¬
ary 6 they have done remarkably well.
Didn’t they molt in the Fall and did
they lay right through the molting, if
they did molt? I have known some of
my VVyandottes to lay until they were
nearly naked at molting time, but when
the new feathers are growing it is about
all a hen can do to furnish material
for feathers, without manufacturing eggs
at. the. same time. But “soaked oats
fried in fat” is a “red-hot” diet when
combined with table scraps and scratch
feed. The hens ought to lay. As to
when Minorca and Rock pullets hatched
in June should be expected to lay, I
A Word for THE R. N. - Y.
Latter part of July, I was on my way
home from town one day, when a farmer
near Princeton drove up behind and we
got in conversation with each other, speak¬
ing on different farm topics, and finally
ended on Alfalfa, and that reminded me of
an article which I had just read in The
K. N.-Y. 1 asked him if he read The
It. N.-Y., and he said “No.” I told him
he made a great mistake in not doing so.
I told him what a benefit and friend it
was to the farmers, and once taken it
would be hard to give it up ; as it was a
good medicine to take, both seasons of
the year for both physical and mental
ailments. H> 3
That is the sort of friends we have.
Wherever they go they speak a word for
I he It. N.-Y. and in the majority of cases
they start a short term subscription right
there.
When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
RESULTS OF FOOD
Health and Natural Conditions Come from
Right Feeding
Man, physically, should be like a per¬
fectly regulated machine, each part work¬
ing easily in its appropriate place. A
slight derangement causes undue friction
and wear, and frequently ruins the en¬
tire system.
A well-known educator of Boston
found a way to keep the brain and the
body in that harmonious co-operation
which makes a joy of living.
“Two. years ago,” she writes, “being in
a condition of nervous exhaustion, I re¬
signed my position as teacher, which I
had held for over 40 years. Since then
the entire rest has, of course, been a
benefit, but the use of- Grape-Nuts has
removed one great cause of illness in
the past, namely, constipation, and its
attendant evils.
“I generally make my entire break¬
fast on a raw egg beaten into four spoon¬
fuls of Grape-Nuts, with a little hot
milk or hot water added. I like it ex¬
tremely, my food assimilates, and my
bowels take care of themselves. I find
my brain power and physical endurance
much greater and I know that the use
of the Grape-Nuts lias contributed
largely to this result.
“It is with feelings of gratitude that I
write this testimonial, and trust it may
be the means of aiding others in their
search for health.” Name given by
Postum Co!, Battle Creek, Mich.
Read the little book, “The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
Plant of Robinson Clay Products Co.
Akron, O., covered with J-M Asbestos
Roofing for over twenty years.
Think how long it will last I
J-M Asbestos Ready Roofing- is literally a sheet of pliable
stone with the lasting- qualities of stone.
Also with the fire-proof, rust-proof, rot-proof and acid-
proof qualities of Asbestos. And — like all stone — it never
needs painting.
It consists of several layers of Asbestos Felt securely
cemented together with alternate layers of pure Trinidad
Lake Asphalt both practically indestructible minerals. No
stronger combination of element-resisting materials is pos¬
sible. There is not a particle of perishable material in
cJ-M ASBESTOS
ROOFING
We can tell you Of many buildings — give you the
names of the owners — on which this- roofing, without any
painting or other protection, has withstood the wear and
tear of nearly a quarter of a century and is in good con¬
dition today.
If you wish to protect your buildings, at the lowest cost per
year, from fire and all weathers ; from heat in summer and cold
in winter, get J-M Asbestos Roofing from your dealer. Sold
direct (and applied, if desired) where we have no dealer. It is
adapted for any building, anywhere.
This Curiosity Sent Free
So that you can see the curious rock which yields the loni?, soft, pliable
yet practically indestructible fibres from which we make J-M Asbestos Roofing!
Theatre Curtains, Stove Mats, Fire-Brick Cement, and hundreds of other
Asbestos Products, we’ll send you a sample of the Asbestos Rock just as it
comes from our mines— the largest in the world. Write our nearest
Branch today for sample, and we’ll also send you a sample of J-M
Roofing and our handsomely illustrated Book No. G. 48
H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.
BALTIMORE
BOSTON
BUFFALO
CHICAGO
CLEVELAND
DAI. r. AS
DETROIT
KANSAS CITY
LONDON
I.OS ANGELES
MILWAUKEE
MINNEAPOLIS
For Canada:—
THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO., LTD.
Toronto, Out. Montreal, Que. Winnipeg, Man. Vancouver, B. C.
NEW ORLEANS
NEW YORK
PHILADELPHIA
PITTSBURG
SAN FRANC ISC O
SEATTLE
ST. LOUIS
1342
olcite^olltir$
A HARNESS
'34-X THAT OUTLIVES THE
HORSE
Mr
Put alato on your roof and you’ll keep dollara in your
pocket. No more leaks or expensive Tepniro. Nothing
equals Oil Cl nnu’P SEA GREEN AND PURPLE
oncLuun o roofing slate
for durability, strength and economy.
I he first cost no greater than high-priced prepared
roofing or shingles. Slate does not rust or water Bonk
i'X'i rl, 51? ^ — ,lof kU'^tcd by climate. Our free book
I he Roof Question” tells why. Write ua today about
your wants. Special prices on car lots.
F. C. Sheldon Slate Co. Cra ”jjfAY.
Low-Down Steel Wheel Wagons
Are fiiHt replacing the high farm wagons for
general farm work. The reason is plain. The
Low-Down wagon makes easier work for the
man and no harder for the team. One man
can do most of his farm work alone with the
Low-Down wagon. Get our free catalogue.
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO., BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.
Our catalogue accurately Ulustratcs over
75 Styles of harness for all purposes. Prices
are wholesale — saves *10 to *15 on every harness.
Only best oak-tanned leather is used. Kvery harness
guaranteed for five years Catalogue f free.
King Harness Co., 6 Lake SL, Owego, Tioga Co., N. V
WE SHIP°”APPROVAL
wit /tout a cent deposit, prepay the freight
. 10 DAYS TREE TRIAL.
OHLY COSTS one cent to learn our
unheard of prices and marvelous offers
on highest grade 1911 model bicycles.
FACTORY PRICES i&Z
a pair of tires from anyone at any price
j until you write for our large Art Catalog
j and learn our wonderful proposition on tint
sample bicycle going to your town.
RIDER AGENTS Z727S7ST
money exhibiting and selling our bicycle*.
Wo Soli cheaper than any other factory.
» , T 1 R ?8» Coaator-Brako raa r whoola.
- repairs and all sundries at half usual prices.
Do Not Walt; write today for our special offer .
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept. W80, CHICAGO
Make Most Money For Farmers that experienced operators
are not necesssary. Any one can set up and run an American mill with the drawings
and instructions we furnish. And they make more lumber with less power and less
help than any other owing to their Special Time and Labor Saving Devices.
j1?? • e, *ncuon heed. Improved Giant Duplex Steel Dogs. Combined Ratchet Setworks
and Quick Receder. Rolled Steel Track. Self-Oiling Bearings throughout. Made iu all
Sizes— For all Powers. *
Lumhpr i<S M Altai# You can make both with one of these mills. The outfit
bors have, just haul the thelogs,' ‘cuf them Tp. hmov “o^o^the^ne'xtlobi
Our Mill Book Free
structi/e catalogue. . It illustrates, describes and
prices our complete line of wood working machinery.
Lath Machines Shingle Machines
Wood Saws Wood Splatters
Planers Edgers Trimmers, Etc.
Write for book today
0 American Saw Mill Machinery Company
1 29 r”OPE ST-I hackettstown, n. j.
1682 Terminal Buildings, New YoriC
102
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
FRUITS AND
FIELD CROPS
iftd do whitewashing In moat effectual, economical,
rapid way. 8a tit faction guaranteed. BROWN’S
SPRAY
I aad do whitewashini
f rapid wa y. Batitfa
power R Auto-Sprays
Ho. 1, shown here, Is fitted with Anto-Pop Nozzle—
' does work of 3 ordinary sprayers. Endorsed by Ex-
' pertinent 8tetlons and 300,000 others. 40 styles and
i sixes of hand and power sprayers— also prices
i and rateable spraying guide in our Free Book.
Wilts postal now.
THE C. C. BROWN COMPANY
28iaj St. , Rochester, N. X.
TRIM YOUR TREES FROM THE GROUND
•HL
By using tbs New Ideal (draw cut) Pruning; Saw. NO CLIMB¬
ING. Great Labor Saver. Leading orchaidists use them, as
double the work can be done and produce better shaped trees.
Mads of tbs best saw steel — cuts like a razor ; weighs only two
pounds. Price, -with 8 ft. handle, $1.60 : with 12 ft. handle, $1.85.
Without handle prepaid, $1.35. Ol der to-day. Circulars free. Ad¬
dress, The IDEAL PRUNINGS A W CO. Dept. G.. Webster, N. Y.
APPLES SCIONS
$3 per M for ROME BEAUTY,
JONATHAN and some others.
ENSEE, the most promising new winter
apple of high quality, $10.
Agents for Spraying Material.
• Apples — $5.00 per barrel by carload.
U. T. COX, PROCTORVILLE, OHIO
Bec’y Rome Beauty Growers’ Association
ONION SEED
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg, Flat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No'. 1 stock. Get prices.
- THEILMANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA. -
SCARFF’S
COOD SEED CORN
We sold over 11,000 bushels of It last year, and we ex¬
pect to double it this year. Your money back if com is
not satisfactory. 10 days to test It- Can send either
shelled or in the ear. Also choice lot of seed oats, barley,
speltz, timothy and potatoes. We cannot tell you more
about it here, but our catalog is free. Send for it to-day.
W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio
of unusual quality our
i specialty. We supply
the finest types of all
the leading sorts at rea-
sonable prices. Our two
great specialties are
IGolden Surprise
[and Kilbury’t Yellow Hybrid
Sure cropper,, profitable sorts.
None*be tier. Send for free samples ,
Catalog Free! 130 pages of {
truthful information about “ true 1
blue" seeds. Contains many mon- |
•y- making hints for farmers.:
Write for your free copy today. |
Livingston Seed Co.
257 High St. Columbus, 0.
ALFALFA
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from dodder. Write for free Bample
on which we invite you to get Government testa.
This seed should produce hay at $60 per acre] an¬
nually. Free Instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. W«
handle export grade only and can furnish grass
mixture suitable for any soils.
Wine’s Mikado, Sable
and Mongol are the
heaviest known yield-
ers. Are all our own
new varieties obtainable from us only. Mikado
has record of 37 bu. per acre. Will grow on poor
soil and greatly Improve it. Write today for catalog.
WING SEES CO., Box 333 Mechanicsburg, O.
SOY BEANS
Three rousing big crops of
SALZER’S
Alfalia
We have sold enough of
this seed to sow half-a-
million acres and
every purchaser
has been enthu¬
siastic about it.
Ex-Gov. W. D.
Hoard of Wiscon¬
sin writes "I like
the quality of your*n?3C:
Alfalfa Clover very
much. On 30 acres
I raised over
$2500 worth of
Alfalfa Hay.
There is no
better money
crop that I
know of.”
You sow Salzer’s Northern Grown Alfalfa and
get three rousing big crops, in May, July and
August, besides having the best of pastures. It
will do this on any farm in America where
Timothy will grow. Get full particulars. Write
for our 1911 catalog. It’s free.
0
10 PACKETS OF
FARM SEEDS
hk]
Cow Peas for Hay.
Q. M. IF., Chambcreburg, Pa. — I have
about four acres of ground which is heavy
clay soil. It was pastured last Summer.
Because of continued drought no grass of
any account remains. Would it be profit¬
able to try to raise cow pea hay on this
ground? If so, please inform me how to
prepare ground, when and how much to
sow, and when to cut for feed. Is cow-pea
hay a good feed for milch cows?
Ans. — Cow peas are not particularly
well adapted to that heavy soil. They
would do better on lighter. We think
you will get more feed by sowing oats
and Canada peas in early Spring. Cut
green and cure for hay and then sow
Japanese millet. Cut this and sow rye
alone or seed to grass.
A “Restorer” for Fruit Trees.
R. , Ohio. — What about the “Fruit Tree
Restorer” that Is being advertised and sold
by L. II. Hovis & Co. of Ohio? It is said
by the promoters to be a nostrum of some
sort that is to be put into the sap and
“will kill the scale on trees, rose bushes,
berries and grapevines,” and that it “kills
all the insects and purifies the sap, so that
in a short time the trees take on new life
and new root.”
Ans. — This is a perfect humbug.
There is no truth in any such statements
as that there is any way to “treat the
sap ” so it will kill the insects on the
bark or anywhere else, except to kill sap,
tree and all together. There have been
many humbugs of this kind tried on the
public and they have paid no one except
the fakers who have sold them.
H. E. VAN DEMAN.
Here’s our great trial collection at one cent
a package, composed of Speltz, the cereal and
hay wonder, Silver King Barley, a world beater with
173 bu. per acre, Bonanza Oaf — swon four farms in
1910— biggest sworn to yield 259 Bushels per acre!
Billion Dollar Grass, the ten ton grass wonder,
Salzer’s luxuriant Alfalfa, and five other packets,
all fen for 10c in stamps. Write for this collection
today and we’ll also send you a free copy of our
great 1911 catalogue.
JOIN A. SALZER SEED CO.
144 South 8th St., La Crosse, Wls.
Paraguay Tea.
The Plant Introduction Bureau of the
Department of Agriculture has secured for
distribution seeds of the yerba mate tree
from the boundary line of Brazil and Para¬
guay. This tree Is a member of the holly
family, Ilex Paraguariensis, and Is thus
described by C. F. Mead, of Paraguay, who
furnishes the seed :
“This plant is known here as yerba and
the forests where it Is found are called
yerbales. There are many varieties here¬
abouts, but I was lucky enough to be able
to purchase seed of the best kind. The
seed when planted will take three months
to germinate, but if the whole fruit Is
planted, three years are necessary. Plant
In nursery first, then transplant, spacing
10 feet apart for square method. When
full grown the tree Is from 30 to 40
feet high. As near as I can find out the
method of preparing for market is to pick
the leaves, partly dry by fire, finish drying
In the sun, and then break up fine with
a kind of flail, when It Is ready to sack
and market. The flavor of yerba Is regu¬
lated by variety, the strength by years of
growth and methods of prepar 'on. The
yield of yerba is about three kilos per tree
when three years old, six kilos per tree
second crop, and a gradual increase then
until full grown, when 25 to 35 kilos can
be cut every three years. Yerba sells in
Buenos Aires for $1.15 Arg. (about 50
cents gold) per kilo.”
The tea is infused in boiling water, and
Is said to be extremely refreshing, es¬
pecially when fatigued. Nearly 30 years
ago an English botanist calculated that at
least 8,000,000 pounds of yerba math were
consumed annually in South America, tak¬
ing the place of Chinese tea as used in
other countries. Books of South American
travel state that the native method was to
Infuse the tea in a small gourd, and then
suck it through a tube, called a bombilla,
but we do not know whether this custom
Is still observed. The excellent quality
of Paraguay tea has been praised by many
authorities.
Profits in Canning — In regard to the
profits that are to be derived from a can¬
ning factory, it is a very hard question to
answer. With our factory we can only
tomatoes and beans. We raise the most
of them, and can them ourselves. We put
up a first-class article and have a home
market for all we can put up. Our toma¬
toes bring us from 90 cents to $1 per
dozen. We pay 30 cents per box for first-
class tomatoes, delivered at factory. We
have kept an account of the cost of raising
a crop of tomatoes and find the cost to be
about 10 cents per bushel delivered at
factory. The yield is from 150 to 300
b- hels per acre, according to cultivation
and ground. I think a canning factory,
properly managed, in a good locality would
be a success if the farmers would take hold
of it in a businesslike way ; that is, be¬
come stockholders and not expect the stock
to make them rich without any effort on
their part. H. D- TDPTS.
Indiana.
I want you to send for my new
1911 seed catalogue. I’m sure
it will be a real help to you. De¬
scribes the choicest varieties of
tested farm and garden seeds, and
shows photographs of what they
have actually grown.
Send for it today— free if you mention
The Rural New-Yorker.
For 10c in coin or stamps I’ll also send
you three ioc packets of seeds — one each
of my unequaled Bonny Best Early To¬
matoes, Dwarf Nasturtiums and New
Strawberry Lettuce.
Walter P. Stokes
Dept. L, 219 Market St., Philadelphia
200 Bushels of Strawberries
From a Single
One of our patrons made this record with
plants bought of us. Just aik a commission ~p|i -rm
man what this quantity of fruit would have . ' -'Milk
brought the grower any year lately, and ,lj
you’ll see that there's money in berries. 1
Knight’s Free Book
on Small Fruit
Tells the l>est Strawberries, Rasp¬
berries, Blackberries, Dewberries,
Gooseberries, Currants, etc., and just
how to grow them. Knight’s plants
have a national reputation for superior
quality and high vigor. Send today
for free copy of our catalogue.
David Knight
& Son
Box 56 Sawyer, Mich.
February 11,
Two Mill ion
Strawberry Plants
Every one of them good honest plants
with an abundance of branching rootlets.
Good big crowns. Freefrom disease
and in the most thrifty growing condition.
Guaranteed true to name and variety.
No other grower can produce anything
better. Our
Small Fruit Catalogue
contains 24 pages of matter devoted exclu¬
sively to Strawberries, Kaspberries,
Blackberries, Gooseberries, Currants
and Grapes. Gives good straightforward
and honest descriptions of the many varieties
we offer.
Write for free catalogue today. It’s sure to
make and save you money Don’t delay.
J. W. JONES & SON, Allen, IVed.
ST. REGIS
EVERBEARING
RASPBERRY
Rears the first season ?
The most productive rasp¬
berry — planted in April, bears
continuously from June to
October of same year. The
first to ripen and the last. Ber¬
ries large, of bright red color
and excellent quality — ship
200 miles in first-class order.
Absolutely hardy <k sun-proof.
Our new catalog Free — tella
how to choose and grow small
fruits ‘ ‘that produce profits. ’ '
J. T. LOVETT* vl
Box 162 Little 811ver, N. J.
STRAWBERRYnPLANTS
25B Main St., Anns, III.
200 Acres of Them. 1 Grow Nothing Else
I do not run a nursery —or seed business .
I devote all my time to Strawberry
Plant*- I personally superintend my
farm, '".very plant guaranteed “true to
namo*‘ Plants grown in Natural Straw *
berry Climate ; ‘soil right, too. Stronf
rooted, prolific bearers. Prices right. G
my 1911 Catalog. Write to-day. — NOW.
W. W. THOMAS. The Slrawberm Plant Man
WHOLESALE PRICES
Sr. BEST NEWand STANDARD £.
of STRAWBERRY PLANTS at reasonable
prices send at once for my free, large, Illustrated
catalogue. Eggs from PRIZE-WINNING R.I.
lteds at Washington, Philadelphia and other large
shows— cheap, and I Guarantee Satisfaction.
W. S. TODD, Greenwood, Del.
SEEDS
THAT DO NOT DISAPPOINT
Sold on The Ford Plan, which guar¬
antees satisfaction and saves you
money on every purchase. Our cat¬
alog tells about it, gives descriptions and low prices on
Best varieties Garden, Flower and Field Seeds, Pota¬
toes, Bulbs, Trees, Shrubs and Small Fruit Plants. Con¬
tains lots of testimonials from our customers. It's free.
FORD SEED CO., Dept. 24, Ravenna, Ohio.
CLOVER*-. TIMOTHY CS
Cheapest and Best Seeding Known
Alsike, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully % Al-
sike, a great bargain. Most wonderful hay and pas¬
ture combination that grows. Write for Free Sam¬
ple and our large 76-page catalog describing this
wonderful grass mixture. Far ahead of anything
you can sow and ridiculously cheap. Be convinced.
K.A. Berry Seed Co., Boxseo Clarinda, Iowi*<
CRD CAI C— Canada Peas, $1.85 bushel; Alas-
rUll OALC ka Peas, $4.00 bushel: Cow Peas.
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Reed. $8.50 bushel.
Sow Canada Peas and Oats in March and harvest
a crop of Hay in May. Onion Sets at $2.25 per
bushel. JOSEPH E HOLLAND, Milford, Del.
EST SEED POTATOES JU
A, Q. ALDRIDGE, Fisher’s, Ontario County, N. Y.
STRAWBERRY Plants. Send foi-free catalog. Large
stock Miller, best red raspberry, only $5 per 1000. Also,
eggs for hatching. Pure W. Wy. and B. P. R., 26 eggs
for $1.26. Sl-AYMAKER & SON, Wyoming, Del.
Strawberry Plants Descriptive Catalogue
Free. BASIL PERKY, D. 18, Cool Spring, Del.
A R. WESTON A CO-
R.8
Brldipnan. Mlejp
PLANTS
Our free hook
quotes lowest
prices, honestly describes 60 varie-
r/av ties, explains C. O. D. plan, tells how
_ J' to plant and grow strawberries, rasp¬
berries, blackberries, grapes, etc.
A. G. BLOUNT, Dept. A, Hastings, N. V.
Most Everyone Has a Hobby.
Ours is propagating new varieties of strawberries.
After a thorough test and proved to be all-around
best of all, you hear us say something— otherwise
we bury them. Our catalogue for. 1911 is brimful
of new ones, and conspicuously absent of varieties
that have been but cannot come back. Early, Mid-
Season and Late. Wo were the introducers of the
famous “Stevens’ Late Champion,” a book on
strawberry culture, with every catalogue all free
for the asking. „ _ ,
J.T. GARRISON & SONS, Bridgeton, N. J.
CTRAWBERRY PLANTS-All the leading ami money making
0 varieties ready to ship now. D. ROD WAY, Haiti j .Del.
Strawberry Plants^r0TLr«rows
! at SI. 00 per 1,000 and up. Catalogue free.
' ALLEN BROS., PAW PAW, MICH.
B
s
TRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1.50 & $1 .75 per 1000. Illus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIRDIN, Harily, Del.
PLANTS FOR SALE— All varieties of Early and Late
Vegetable Plants; also forty varieties Straw¬
berries; prices right; established twenty years.
Price list free. 8. C. ATHERTON, Greenwood. Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That’s what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. D. M. TEETER, Belleville, Ohio.
Perfection Red Rasnberry^f.rs
bssi,ffi'asar“^Aite"v?@5?"V^
FARM, Marlborough, N. V.
WANTED:
Fruit & Ornamentals
Send Catalogue and Wholesale Lists.
>cial interest for large first-class trees. Cherries
Mazzard stock. What have you, preferably
»e straight trees? Also, EVERGREENS at
Send Catalogue and Wholesale Lists.
Special interest for large first-class trees. Cherries
on Mazz ’ ' ’
large st:
right prices.
Address “CASH BUYER,’’ care Rural New-Yorker
Strawberry Plants varieties. Strong
plants. Low prices. H. H. BENNING, Clyde, N. Y.
I Allini AIIC Six varieties of healthy, thrifty one and two-year-old routs.
AnPARbRIIS Also, full line Fruit Trees, Ornamental Strawberry Plants, Y mes,
I California Privet, Garden Tools, Spraying Outfits, etc.
Write for catalog and valuable Spraying Chart. It’s FREE.
KUUlO. ARTHUR J. COLLINS, liox R, Moorestown, 1ST. J.
is sufficient for the front
of a post card. If you will
write your own address
plainly on the other side
we shall be pteased to send The Leading American Seed Catalog. An elegant book of 174
pages, it tells the plain truth, and should be read by
all who would have the best garden possible and
who are willing to pay a fair price for seeds of the
Burpee, Philadelphia,
* . _ - ■ - - - - -an Seed Catal
Burpee=Quality
Biff Money Is Made Growing Peaches for Market
A si ear-old Peach Orchard in Palisade, Colorado, sold for $24,630.50 cash. Peaches was the only
produce raised and sold from the land. When six acres bong this aniount of money it provM that grow¬
ing Peaches is immensely profitable when rightly conducted. least of the Mississippi River nearly every
farm has slopeswhich face'.he north and east-wSth natural Peach SoU. Learn what^ri«^.veonyour
land, enemies to avoid, care of the trees, and a big crop of choice fruit is almost a certainty. Carefully
marketed, fancy Peaches sell for more than oranges, and land for Peaches costs less.
We Tell You HOW to Grow Peaches RIGHT
Our big orchards make us lots of money. Some of our bearing trees are twenty-five years old with no
sign of yellows. Six million fine young Peach Trees are now growing in our nurseries. Would you plant
some tills spring, if we show you how to make them succeed t If you will, send for our unusual catalogue
for ion NOW. veteran growers and t leginners will find it invaluable. It s free, but tell us how many
trees you need. Write Now. The book also tells about Apples, Pears, Grapes, Strawberries, etc.
Orlando Harrison, Private Desk 15 HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Berlin, Maryland
1911.
LIME OR LIMESTONE, WHICH?
Much is said in all agricultural papers
of the value of lime in the soil to make
it productive, to remedy certain condi¬
tions and build up the producing ca¬
pacity of land and maintain it. I have
before me several circulars advertising
lime ; some recommend burned limestone,
some unburned ground limestone. All
have an array of reasons why their prod¬
uct is the best, in fact, the only thing
in that line you can buy and obtain
success. Some experts will tell you not
to expect much result from any un¬
burned ground rock; a heap of sand
is nothing but small particles of rock.
If you plant in that sand and water
you must expect very little result. The
action of a fertilizer is different in dif¬
ferent soils; is not the action of lime on
different soils likewise? One circular
advocating burned limestone says: “It
improves the texture of the soil, espe¬
cially those of a clayey nature; makes
it more friable, less liable to bake, lib¬
erates potash from its insoluble com¬
binations in the soil and helps to unlock
and liberate it to the uses of the crop
grown. Don’t use unburned limestone ;
it has very little if any chemical action
on the soil, neither does it improve the
texture like burned limestone. It re¬
quires two or three times more of the
crude (or unburned) limestone to get a
similar effect,” etc.
Another circular says : “Limestone
finely ground is the best form to use; it
is nature’s way of putting into the ground
what the ground needs. Natural limestone
soils do not contain burned lime. Ground
limestone produces in the soil a milder
and more natural action than the
burned. The burned lime does the same
thing, but it is also a powerful soil
destroyer, attacking and destroying the
organic matter, thus liberating plant
food from the soil, resulting in waste
of valuable humus.” It also tells of a
series of experiments carried on by the
Pennsylvania Experiment Station from
1882 to 1901, whereby it is demonstrated
that unburned limestone builds up the
soil, while burned limestone destroys, and
exhausts the fertility of the soil. The
same results are reported by the Mary¬
land, Ohio and Illinois experiment sta¬
tions.
Now which of these advertisements
shall we go by? Which is right, or are
bdth right in a way, and shall each
farmer experiment with both until he
finds which is better? In my boyhood
days, when Peruvian guano first was
introduced some farmers thought they
had the real thing, and for a few years
it would give fine returns,, but all the
elements promoting growth for a long
series of years were not there, and these
fertilizer mixtures with potash, phos¬
phoric acid, ground bone, etc., came in
until a balanced ration was found for
each crop. Dr. Jenkins of the Con¬
necticut Agricultural Station gave an
address before the Berlin, Conn., Farm¬
ers’ Club on the evening of January 7,
and I enclose the report of his talk taken
from the “Hartford Times”: In read¬
ing it over I do not see limestone men¬
tioned or recommended as the thing to
use ; still at the end of the report you
will note that he speaks of a company
in Western Connecticut that advertises
the fine-ground limestone alone. I would
like to hear from people who have had
actual experience with both sorts and
the results. newton osborn.
Connecticut.
N.-Y. — The paper by Dr. Jenkins
was a very good statement of the action
of lime on the soil, and its need in our
farming. We understand that limestone
as it comes from the soil in the first
place is chiefly a combination of lime
and carbonic acid. The reason for burn¬
ing it is to drive off the carbonic acid
and leave pure lime, which is known
variously as lump, caustic or quicklime.
When this form of lime is left exposed
to air or water it “Makes ;” that is, takes
THE RURA.I> NEW-YORKER
up water or carbonic acid. Put this
slaked or burnt lime in the soil and it
slowly changes until finally it goes back
to its original form as limestone — being
in a fine condition instead of in a lump.
It is then much like the original lime¬
stone which is ground fine instead of
being burned. The slaked or burned
lime is finer than the ground limestone,
has a stronger and more rapid chemical
action, and contains more actual lime.
This strong chemical action of the
burned lime acts to break up or decay
the vegetable matter in the soil, while
the ground limestone is slower and
more gentle in its action: On a light,
sandy soil which is lacking in vegetable
matter the ground limestone would
probably be better. On a very sour soil,
a stiff, heavy clay or a soil rich in or¬
ganic matter, where green crops were
plowed in, we should use the burned
lime from choice. The rule would be
to use twice as much of the ground
limestone as of the burned lime in order
to obtain equal results. That is be¬
cause the ground limestone contains less
lime and in a less active form. As be¬
tween the two forms, unless you have a
positive guarantee giving the actual
amount of lime, it would probably be
safer to try the burned lime. We shall
be glad to have farmers give us their
experience in the actual use of the va¬
rious forms of lime. Let everybody re¬
member that lime is not used as a fer¬
tilizer like nitrate or phosphate or pot¬
ash. It may give results for a few
years if used alone, but sooner or later
this will leave the soil worse than if
was to begin with. Use lime for its'
chemical action on the soil, and use
manure or fertilizer just as freely as
if you did not lime. That is the safest
rule.
163
I
An Absolutely Reliable Roof
is one of the best investments a farmer can possibly make. The
trifling additional sum you pay for |\|EpcinseT Roofings is
made up many times over in the additional protection to your build-
ing, freedom from repair bills, fire risks and all roofing troubles.
NEPdnseT
PAROID ROOFING
The United States Government, all the leading railroads, many of the
largest manufacturing industries and tnousands of planters and farmers have
used NEPdnseT Paroid Roofing for years. The record of NEPDNSET Roofings
is the strongest argument for their use.
Talk with a man who has used NEpdnseT Paroid Roofing and get the story
first hand. Our dealer can give you the name of such a man in your own
locality. There are different NEPdnseT Roofings for different types of build-
mgs, and NEPDNSET Water-proof Building Papers for every purpose.
Write for Book of Plans and Information on Poultry Houses
Be sure to state just what you are building or repairing
and give exact dimensions.
NEPDNSET Dealers everywhere. If you do not know the one in your locality, a3k us.
_ , „ F- W- BIRD & SON, 125 Neponset St., East Walpole, Mass.
Established. 1705. Originators of Complete Ready Roofings and Waterproof Building Papers.
New York, Washington, Chicago, P ortland.Ore., San Francisco, Hamilton, Ont., Winnipeg, Montreal, St John
Mills: East Walpole. Mass., Norwood. Mass., PhilUpsdale. R. I.. Hamilton, Ont.. Pont Rouge’, Quebec
I
An Improved Black Walnut.
M. A. Z. of Ohio has a seedling of the
common Black walnut, Juglans nigra, that
has a solid kernel, judging from his state¬
ment that there is no division in the cen¬
ter, the kernel coming out in one piece and
on one side. lie wishes to know if this is
anything valuable, and if specimens would
be of interest. There is another variety of
Black walnut of the same character as the
one described that originated in Boss
( ounty, Ohio, and it has been named the
Peanut and was described and illustrated
in a report of the United States Depart¬
ment of Agriculture several years ago. Is
is not large, hut the flavor is very good
and the kernel comes out in one almost
round piece. The* .variety lias been propa¬
gated by grafting and the trees are grow¬
ing in several States, some as far west
as i alifornia. I have trees planted in
Louisiana. This new variety mav he a
very good one, and samples should 'he sent
to the pomologist of the Department of
Agriculture at Washington. Boxes and
baskets for mailing them will be sent with-
out cost on application. A full history
of the original tree and other particulars
should accompany the specimens.
H. E. VAX DE5IAX.
Yours FREE 30 Days
1 I’ll Pay Freight Anywhere
ItUSu‘eR 8erul my Chatham Fanning Mill to your
It. It. Station on u month’s trial. No monev
contract and I pay the freight. Return at nlv m
c^f.raro &?„ T ^ **
CHATHAM
Cleans and grades all kinds of seeds, grasses and grains Don’t
grow weeds or thin stands. Land. ami t.7xes are too high" Douhle
nosta|0no sTbetter(cr°Psancl have high-priced secd.to sell. Send
P BOOKNor ‘l04Ct°x ln£ral a,ld Kel FREE
uuk No. 104. Tells how thousands are making hi <*
exAr,2 Pro^,tJ w,t^ a Chatham. Send your name by next mail *
Campbell, Pres., y ‘a“-
Kansas co- Detroit, Mich.
as City, Mo., St- Paul, Minn.; Seattle, Wash.
No Money Down
No Note
No Contract
Book You Ought to
Phelps Wants to Send it Free
17 Screens and Riddles
Enough for Every Purpose
I Guarantee
every wheel and part of the run¬
ning gear to be made of triple
A grade Straight Grained Split
Hickory the same grade exactly
^asthisspoke which I send un¬
tainted as a sample of
the material used
with every
Buggy I
ship.
It’s a Big Show Room of over
125 kinds and styles of Vehicles
for you to choose from — more
Vehicles than you could see in ten
big towns— or 25 Retailers’ Stores.
Each Vehicle is described in smallest detail by Phelps him-
sejl the Practical Buggy manufacturer, both in words and
and in big photographs, which show you more about the points
you ought to know about the Buggy you’re going to buy than
you could learn from any other source in a month’s time.
Split Hickory
Confidence
$25
to $75
Saved — Or No Sale
of over 140,000 farmers
Think of it Phelps has their confidence — over 140,000 satisfied purchasers are driving
Split Hickory Vehicles throughout the United States today-all customers of Phelps,
who is the originator of the plan of selling made-to-order Split Hickory Vehicles direct-
from-factory-to-user on 30 Days’ Free Road Test— on a 2 Years’ Guarantee.
Don’t you want this New Book— fresh from the printers for 1911? In it you’ll
find a great variety of Auto Seat Buggies— Runabouts— Surreys— Phaetons— Carriages—
SPVWg Carts— Spring Wagons, etc.— and a full line of high quality Harness.^
Visit Phelps Factory through his Big Book — it will cost you onN a postal.
Just say ‘Phelps, send me the Book’ ’ — and he’ll do the rest. / \
H. C. PHELPS. President ..
Lhe Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co., Station 290, Columbus, Ohio V -
Largest Factory in the World Selling Direct to Consumer
— according to style
of Vehicle you Buy.
164
*THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 11,
RAPE FOR HEN PASTURE.
My laying house is 100 feet long, and the
yard in front of it is that wide and about
120 feet long, approximately one-quarter
acre. Back of the house the hens have a
run of nearly two acres, with a fairly good
set of clover and Timothy. All this is a
young orchard. I have heretofore been
sowing either rye or oats in the front
yard, and when that was eaten down, the
fowls were turned into the larger plot be¬
hind, the alternate yard system. The sow¬
ing of oats and rye is open to this objec¬
tion, the frequent preparation of the
ground and seeding Is not any too good for
the trees; trunks barked, twigs broken off
and roots disturbed. It occurs to me that
rape (Dwarf Essex) sown in the Spring
as soon as the ground can be worked, with
a good start befoie the hens are turned
in, should furnish grain feed for them,
about 600, for the entire season, Spring to
Fall, if an occasional chance be given now
and then for it to get a fresh start. Will
the constant eating of the rape be likely
to taint the flavor of the eggs? Is the
soil likely to become foul from the drop¬
pings owing to the shade of the plants?
I sowed rape in my brooder house outside
runs last Spring and we had to chop it
dowa with a sickle this Fall. Some of it
got over two feet tall and went to seed.
The chicks could not keep it down. But,
of course, they were not at it for the en¬
tire season. A- K-
Hagerstown, Md.
Rape makes very good pasture for
either young chickens or laying hens.
For best results, the seed should be
sown as early as possible in the Spring
and allowed to get a good start before
the poultry is permitted to pasture in
it. If a good growing season, the rape
plants will continue to put forth new
foliage which will be sufficient green
food for the birds throughout the sea¬
son unless the yards are overcrowded.
Hens or chickens can never do their
best when confined in yards so small
that a sufficient amount of green food
cannot be grown. In case the chickens
strip the plants of the leaves it is a
good plan to cut the stalks and keep
the fowls out until they are again well
started. There is practically no danger
of the eggs laid by hens pastured in
rape having an offensive flavor. How¬
ever, eggs may be tainted by feeding
excessively of certain vegetables, and
duck eggs especially when the birds
consume great quantities of green
clover. As to the land becoming foul
from the droppings, there is no reason
why it should if the land is well plowed
each season, unless the yards are over¬
crowded with birds. F. T. f.
yards, but at this age they “shoot the
red” and must have room and range to
do well. Under this age they are very
tender and require close attention and
special food; hard boiled eggs, milk
curds and stale bread crumbs. After
this they begin to grow and prefer to
roam around for a large part of their
living. I would not advise anyone to
try to raise turkeys in restricted quarters
unless it was in acres of pasture land
where they would hardly know it. Even
then they would grow faster and look
nicer if they knotv no bounds and could
wander over hill and dale, coming home
at evening only. d. j. lambert.
Rhode Island.
I cannot advise anyone J;o raise or
rather try to raise turkeys and keep
them confined. My experience in the
business has been rather a long one,
about 30 years, and I have always
found that the chicken hen even when
allowed to go as far as she pleased,
did not give the little turkeys enough
exercise to make them grow, even
though some of them will live ; but
do not mature to anything like the
proper size.
Virginia. MRS. Harriet chumbley.
RAISING TURKEYS IN CLOSE QUARTERS.
A reader in southern New Jersey has
about six hens and wishes to raise a few
turkeys. Her hens are conflned to nar¬
row limits. Her plan is to hatch tuikejs
under hens which she knows to he good
mothers. This woman has no means of
providing a range for the turkeys. Mould
it be safe for her to attempt to raise such
a flock in these limited quarters? Our
own experience indicates that it is neces¬
sary to give the turkeys considerable range.
I believe it to be utterly impossible to
raise turkeys under these conditions, as
our experience has been that unless
range can be furnished raising them is
pretty near an impossibility.
New York. J. e. van alstyne.
Judging from my personal experience
with turkeys, I do not consider it worth
while to undertake to raise them in
close confinement. Whether the hatch¬
ing is done with hens or hen turkeys,
they have always done much better when
given plenty of range. It is sometimes
a good plan to keep the young turkeys
in small yards for the first week, espe¬
cially in stormy weather.
New York. f. t. finch.
In regard to the woman who wishes
to raise turkeys in limited quarters tell
her she would better not try it. It has
been my personal observation that they
fail every time. It is a turkey’s nature
to range. The Bronze are much worse
than the Holland. The woman would
better continue with her chickens.
New York. mrs. e. j. rider.
It may be possible to raise a poult up
to six weeks in confinement or small
Lime on Meadow.
R. C. M., Fredotiia, N. Y. — Would you
consider that there would be enough good
obtained from an application of lime on a
newly seeded meadow to make it pay, hav-
ing neglected to get it on when seeded?
I have seen an account of an experiment
which claimed that lime went down very
little. Which would you consider better,
carbonate or burnt lime? Would you ad¬
vise applying in Spring on meadow where
manure had been broadcast during the
Winter?
Ans. — The returns from this will be
slow, but we think the lime will finally
pay. We have never obtained really
good results except when the lime is
thoroughly worked into the soil.. From
choice we should use burned lime for
this purpose. We should not want to
use the lime and manure together on
top of the ground.
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— — — — <
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Just a postal addressed to Gal¬
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THE NEW FARMER
The “rube” has been succeeded by
“agriculturist.” There’s as much
ence between the “rube’ and
w .culturist” as between corn and
cucumbers. The modern farmer is a
business man, a student, and a pro¬
gressionist. The result is a great
the
&
change in cul¬
tural methods.
Mould-board
plows and drag
cultivators are
being replaced
by “Cutawa y”
tools. Farmers
now realize that
cultivation is not
merely a matter
of softening the
ground. Thor¬
ough, frequent
cultivation stirs
the soil, lets in
air and sunshine and new life, killing
foul vegetation. “Cutaway” tools
effect perfect sub-soil connections;
save time and labor; increase crops
25% to 50%.
Send postal to-day to The Cutaway
Harrow Co., Higganum, Conn., for
new booklet “INTENSIVE CULTI¬
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Hear the Victor
today at the nearest
Victor dealer’s. He
will gladly play any
Victor music you
want to hear, and if
you want to buy he
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think wc have aa good a line
of Killing Cultivators oa you
need to choose from.
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w — You get every drop of sap your trees '
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1911.
CHANGING A PENNSYLVANIA ROTATION.
E. G., Sunbury, Pa. — The general run of
rotation farming in this neighborhood is as
follows : Say we start from hay that is
left for two years following wheat or rye;
after two years the sod is plowed down
for corn. This sod is poor ; when hay is
cut short there is mighty little left to
plow down, especially on poor ground.
After corn oats, after oats wheat, with hay
again. This is the rotation around here,
and I am not satisfied with it, though 1
only have three years experience in farm¬
ing. I have been studying how to im¬
prove my place as quickly as possible, as
my ground is poor, and in the way they
do here it would take me till Columbus
day again till I’d get my place improved.
This is the idea that I got and would
like your advice on it: Starting the ro¬
tation from hay same as above, plow the
sod down early after hay is made for
wheat, not sow grass or anything an
with wheat; then after wheat is off the
field (we have wheat fields cleared always
by July 15, hay made before wheat cut¬
ting) I would like to go in with drill
and sow something "for a plow-down crop
for corn. What' would you recommend as
best? It would have three months to grow
before frost; then plow down for corn.
This way you see I get a heavier crop to
turn under. There is no chance to get a
good plow-down crop unless by missing a
crop this way. I figure to get same crops
and have good sod to turn under to im¬
prove the soil. I cannot afford to miss
any. After corn put oats in, and sow Tim¬
othy and clover for hay. The Timothy
and clover does better here sown in Spring
oni s°ft freshly plowed ground than it
does, sowing the clover in wheat in Spring,
for. wheat ground is hard in Spring, an*
never takes well. It has been tried in
oats and proved better than sowing in
wheat, both Timothy and clover sown in
oats. I would also like to sow something
in the corn after last cultivation for an¬
other crop to turn under. You see I am
very anxious to improve my soil as quickly
as possible. Help me on a suggestion of
something good to plow down ; I would
like to got the best to make the most
manure and also something for corn.
R. N.-Y. — We would like this dis¬
cussed by Pennsylvania farmers who
know the locality and conditions. The
plan of keeping the soil covered is a
good one. Of course it will be necessary
to work up the wheat stubble in order
to start a new crop. We have seeded
a mixture of Crimson clover. Cow-horn
turnips and rye all put in together. This
made a good growth. With us the tur¬
nips grow until December. The clover
grows until the ground freezes and
about three times in 10 is killed out in
March, but the rye keeps growing and
makes a heavy growth to turn under.
Hairy vetch is another crop giving great
results in many sections. A combina¬
tion of vetch seed and rye would be a
sure crop, and even if the vetch were
killed out the rye will live over and give
a good growth. You could also drill in
cow peas or Soy beans after the wheat.
Put them in drills., and cultivate, and
when the vines get large sow rye all
over the field and work the seed in.
When the beans or peas are killed by
frost the rye will grow on. For sowing
in the corn we should use the combina¬
tion of vetch and rye or of Crimson
clover, rye and turnips. You will get on
faster by using a fair amount of fer¬
tilizer on the wheat and grass.
THtf RURAL NEW-YORKER
to apply what is now known regarding
the principles of breeding, perhaps we
can produce choice stock wholesale, but
most of us fall down when we try it.
After several years’ experience, how¬
ever, I did succeed in working out a
method of selection that certainly de¬
livered the goods. It is based on an
understanding of some biological pro¬
cesses that are a bit complicated to take
up here, but the sum and substance of
it all is that the rate of growth during
the early part of a chicken’s life is a
precise indicator of its constitutional
vigor, others things being equal. Stated
the other way around, constitutional
vigor is indicated by a high rate of
growth. Rate of growth and size are
two very different things. Two birds
may be of the same size and look prac¬
tically, alike, yet there may be several
weeks’ difference in their ages. The
younger would be a profit payer through
thick and thin, the older one a boarder.
Age must be taken into consideration in
making really wise selections, for that
alone will often separate the good from
the bad. Ten weeks is the age at which
I prefer to cull the stock first. A
Plymouth Rock pullet should be nicely
feathered by that time, and weigh about
1 Ya pound, while a good cockerel should
reach two pounds. It is my practice to
put leg bands on everything that passes
inspection at that time, and then as the
season passes, everything without a band
is sold the day it reaches marketable size.
It only takes a minute to "toe-mark’’ the
chicks when first hatched, and record the
date in a note hook. Any pullet that
shows a high rate of growth in the be¬
ginning, will lav all right after she ma¬
tures. It won’t make a particle of dif¬
ference whether there are any 200-egg
hens on her family tree or not. The
capacity for turning feed into eggs is
right there ready to do business. But
if you are not careful, so much vitality
will go into the December and January
eggs that there won’t be much left by
March or April. c. m. gallup.
Maine.
ios
Gas-Ligpht
Stoim©
About the Salvia. — The last Summer I
decided to see what I coy Id do in the cul¬
tivation of the Salvia or Scarlet sage iu
the way of a lawn border, and see if they
could not he made to attain very large
proportions, and a more liberal profusion
of those brilliant scarlet flower spikes. The
long bed was prepared and made only
moderately rich with cow stable manure, hut
a most liberal application was made of
acid phosphate. In the proper time some
line plants were set, and during the long
drought that ensued, they were kept abun¬
dantly watered. They grew to great size,
many of them being quite four feet in
height, and one 54 inches, the latter with
a spread of 50 inches. They blossomed in
wonderful profusion, some of the plants
having 50 flower stems at one time. Tow¬
ards the last of October the night got
frosty, and I resolved to keep them — some
at least— rStill longer. The afternoon be¬
fore the big early freeze, I t»ok up in¬
dividual plants with little disturbing of
roots, placing them in 14-quart pails, making
the soil again firm, and put four of the
finest into the living rooms of the house,
and the “two giants” were taken into the
furnace room in the basement, and set be¬
fore a south window. Thev were all
watered every other day, and’ to mv sur¬
prise, they never drooped, or wilted, and
those in the living room of the -house lived
for more than 2<> days before the leaves
and blossoms began to fall. The two in
the basement are still as bright and fresh
as ever, putting out new flower spikes, and
promise possibly another five weeks of fur¬
nace-room life, the reason being that thev
are living in a lower temperature than the
others. joii.x could
Ohio.
CRUSHED STONE
SELECTING THE LAYING HENS.
Some of the R.-N.-Y. family seem to
think that W. J. Dougan must have had
exceptional hens to bring in a gross in¬
come of $9 apiece, but it tallies very
closely with my own experience. Start¬
ing the breeding season of 1905 with
44 Barred Plymouth Rock pullets, I
made them produce eggs and chicks that
sold at market rates for a little over
$400. I have not the figures by me at
this time, but as I recall, the profit (as
ff is customarily reckoned) was $273
from the 44 birds. Mr. Dougan tells
a large part of the story when he says
; tI,mk the onV secret is in the selec-
t>on, as I find only about one in five
worth the trouble of keeping.” This
again tallies with my figures, for I have
jad to hatch a thousand chicks to have
0 pullets really worth putting into
" inter quarters. When we have learned
TWENTY years ago the oil lamp had
already been driven out of the city
into the country home where gas
could not follow — so we thought.
In those days we would have laughed
at the idea of a country home ligated
with gaslight.
But like the telephone and free mail
delivery gaslight has finally left the city
to become a common rural convenience.
In the year 1911, the up-to-date vil¬
lager or farmer not only lives in a gas-
lighted house, same as his city cousin, but
when he drives home on a cold, wet night
he actually lights
up his barn, his
barnyard or porch¬
es on his house
with this gas-light
by simply turning
an “ignition ” but¬
ton on a post or
wall.
* * *
And this change
seems quite like
magic when you
consider that this
rural gaslight is
home-made — made
by the family it¬
self right on the
premises.
Take fifteen min¬
utes once a month
to make all that can be used in a large
house.
The magic is all in the curious manu¬
factured stone known commercially as
“Union Carbide.”
This wonderful gas producing sub¬
stance, “Union Carbide,” looks and
feels just like crushed granite. For
country home use it is packed and
shipped from warehouses located all over
the United States in sheet steel cans con¬
taining 100 pounds.
Union Carbide won’t burn, can’t ex¬
plode, and will keep in the original
package for years in any climate. ' For
this reason it is safer to handle and
store about the premises than coal.
* * *
All that is necessary to make “Union
Carbide” give up its gas is to mix it
with plain water — the gas, which is then
instantly generated, is
genuine Acetylene.
When piped to
handsome brass chan¬
deliers and fixtures
Acetylene burns with
an intensely brilliant,
stiff flame, that the
wind can’t affect.
This flame makes
light so white in color that it is com¬
monly called “Artificial Sunlight.”
Experiments conducted by Cornell
University have proven that it will grow
plants the same as sunlight itself.
Physicians recommend Acetylene as a
germicide and a remedy for eyestrain,
and it is used as an illuminant in fifty-
four hospitals in New York City alone.
Then, too, Acetylene is so pure that
you might blow out the light and sleep
all night in a room with the burner open
without any injurious effects whatever.
On account of its being burned in per¬
manent brass fixtures attached to walls
and ceilings, Acetylene is much safer
than smoky, smelly oil lamps, which can
easily be tipped over.
For this reason the Engineers of the
National Board of Insurance Under¬
writers called Acetylene safer than any
illuminant it commonly displaces.
In addition to all these advantages,
Acetylene light is inexpensive.
An Acetylene light of 24-candle power
costs only about 4 cents for ten hours ’
lighting, while for the same number of
hours regular oil lamps of equal volume
cost about 6 cents in kerosene, chimneys
and wicks on the average.
* * * ■ ’
Consider this carefully and you will
hardly wonder at the fact that there are
today no less than 185,000 town and
country homes lighted with home-made
Acetylene, made from “Union Carbide.”
Once a month some member of the
family must dump a few pounds of
Union Carbide iu a small tank-like ma¬
chine, which usually sets in one corner of
the basement.
This little tank-like machine is auto¬
matic — it does all the work — it makes no
gas until the burners are lighted and
stops making gas when the burners are
shut off.
The lights located in every room in
your house, on your porches, in your horse
and cow barns, or barnyards and chicken
yards if you like, will all be ready to turn
on with a twist of the wrist or a touch
of the button at any time of the day or
night.
No city home can be as brilliantly or
as beautifully illuminated as any one of
these 185,000 homes now using Acetylene.
# # w
If you want to be up-to-date, enjoy
modern conveniences,
and keep the young
^\Vl’ folks at home, write
us how many rooms
and buildings you
have. We will send
you free an intensely
interesting lot of
facts, figures and
booklets. f
Just address Union Carbide Sales
Company, 157 Michigan Ave., Chicago
Ill. Dept. A. — 38.
1««
THE KURAI> NEW-YORKER
February 11,
Hope Farm Notes
FLORIDA NOTES. NO. 1.
'•Happy Days.” — I am told that a mild
blizzard with cold and snow is raging
throughout the North. The report may be
true, but it seems like a far-off nightmare
lying here under the Florida pines. 1 he
sun is hot, and I have taken off my coat
for comfort.* There is not a cloud in the
sky. If I felt that it was worth while to
hunt for a thermometer I should expect to
find it registering about ‘JO degrees. The
calendar seems wrong some way, for it sob
emnly asserts that this is January Jo-
Over the fence among the orange trees the
children are digging in the sand wearing
clothes that would seem warm in a New
Jersey June. There is just enough breeze
to ripple the surface of the lake. An old
man walks slowly along the road, and a
group of women and girls dressed in white
are coming out of the village store. I
might perhaps go on and sketch an outline
picture of this part of Florida so that you
could see the stretches of pine, the roads
"paved” with pine needles, the trees hang¬
ing with gray Southern moss, the green
orange trees covered with golden fruit,
and the white sandy soil, hot and dry,
stretching away in little ridges between
which lie little ponds or lakes where the
water has run into the hollows. All this
can be pictured, but no one can put on
paper the dream and balm of nuud which
comes stealing upon you when you once
get south of Jacksonville. Again and
again the weary and worn have gone sailing
up the St. John’s River in the Fall, sick,
tired and despondent, to come back in
April full of nerve and battle — carrying
something from this Florida air which 1
cannot describe. The Spaniards, the I rench,
and the English fought for this country,
and spent princely fortunes in order to
hold it. Cape Cod is a sandy spit of soil
thrown up by the sea just as Florida was.
Florida has every advantage of soil and
water and climate. It would seem as if
nature had blessed the southern sand spit
and cursed Cape Cod, yet as I lie stretched
out under the pines in January I hud iuj-
self comparing the work of the two sec¬
tions in history, and the enduring^ record
which the men from frozen Cape Cod and
siinnv Florida have written upon this con¬
tinent, I think the future may tell a
different story. Much of what we call
worthless desert to-day in former centuiies
provided bread for the world. \Mien sup¬
plied with water the dry sand responded
as by magic. Pour water upon this Honda
soil at the right time and it always re¬
sponds. Nature holds water, in those lakes
and ponds, and the water level is easily
reached. I think the coming Florida farmer
will learn how to water a few acres and
make them support him. But I am ahead
of my story.
The Si*ot. — Let; it be understood that
what 1 have to say in these papers applies
only to a small section in the southern
part of Putnam Co., Florida. I will dis¬
arm criticism to begin with by saying that
I came and stayed right in this spot,
am not prepared to give information about
Marion Co. cattle raising, celery growing
at Sanford, or truck and fruit in Dade
Co. I came here to see the Hope Farmers
and get rested. I hope to see the other
sections later, but this report is from one
small section, and does not represent the
entire State. I am still convinced that
the best wav to start for Florida is to
carry the price in your pocket. Several
young men that we know have gone farther
south than this point, and found good
work at orange packing. Right here there
Is nothing a workman could get to do.
It seems to be settled that, here, at least,
it would be folly to try gardening or
Winter trucking unless one lias an irrigat¬
ing outfit and can have water at comnirnd.
The Winters are dry and in this bright
sunshine, crops must have an abundance of
water. As most of you know, the Hope
Farmers left New Jersey about December 1.
Including the three little ones that I
brought from Alabama there are 10 young
folks. There were six adults in the party,
and Uncle Ed and Aunt Patience live with
us Then when I came there were live
hoarders, but they were so much like mem¬
bers of the family that you could hardly
separate them. When I got off the cars
most of this outfit and a good share of the
rest of the population were lined up as a
reception committee. It seemed good to
see them all again. There are three little
red-heads now to divide attention. Dinner
was soon ready and I was ready for it, for
I got off one train at Jacksonville and got
on another without any breakfast. Even
the Florida air will not fill such an aching
void as an empty stomach. It is something
of a job to feed 23 people, but our folks
have the game pretty well in hand. A
number of Uncle Ed’s chickens had walked
into the pot. Mother was master of cere¬
monies. She put on a large white apron
and served up the chickens while the two
boys with jacket and apron acted as wait¬
ers. W© had potatoes, stewed corn, onions
from the garden and Aunt Patience had
made some pumpkin pies that would have
flattened your troubles into squash. As
for oranges and grape fruit, all you had
to do was walk out to a tree and pick
what you wanted. The doors and windows
were wide open and the warm January
sun streamed in, and above the water tank
at the highest point the flag was out in the
breeze. Some of these critical tourists who
aim to get more than their money’s worth
might have thought there was not quite
style enough— though the boys did their best,
but our folks testified by appetite that the
dinner was a success— all hut the milk.
Mother put on a wry face as she turned to
milk a ‘‘tin heifer.” What I want is a
row ” she said, and as I had come down
for a cheerful and useful job, 1 decided
right there to investigate the Florida cow
industry first of all. There was an¬
other want, for in spite of the abundance
of oranges, the little people pleased me by
asking :
“Kin 1 have a ’n’ applet”
That’s encouraging and later I was able
to buy some second-class York Imperials at
75 cents a peck. IIow the children did
gnaw them !
The Cow Question. — I found that in
this little place of about 150 people there
was one cow— that one nearly dry. Our
folks had been able to buy about three pints
of milk per day, and the baby took one
quart of that. This milk cost 10 cents
a quart, and was nearly guiltless of cream.
The people were using condensed milk or
going without. All through the woods around
the place were little droves or bunches of
woods cattle — small runts, mostly horn,
neck, tail and legs. The cows give hardly
enough milk to raise a little rat of a
calf, and a man would take his life in his
hands to try to catch and milk one of
these rangers. There may be those who
like to mix condensed milk in water and
call it the real article. I do not, and
it seems a shame to try to raise children
without good milk. So, after a night’s rest
we started cow hunting. Uncle Ed. had
already traveled some 50 miles in a fruitless
search and had a few more trails to follow
up. The most promising clue he reported
was a clergyman, who claimed to have “a
gallon and a half cow.” This man had
refused to talk business on Sunday. Surely
here was a man to be patronized first of all,
and his cow must be a good one. Down
in this country they do not estimate a
cow’s value by the pounds of milk she will
give or the per cent, of butter fat. She
is a “three-gallon cow” or a“ two-gallon
or whatever they claim. I never did expect
to see a gallon shrink to a quart or a
pint as rapidly as it does here, when you
actually put real milk into it— not until I
milked' a Florida cow. But a clergymans
gallon must be like his cow and so I went
after him first.
A Cow Hunt. — Frank, the bob-tailed
horse, looked a little weatherbeaten but
still in the ring as he started along the
road for the clergyman's cow. He still had
on the shoes which were needed in New
Jersey. They were polished smooth in the
'Florida sand, so that the old horse could
hardlv get a footing. We pulled these shoes
off at once and he went much better bare¬
footed. You people who talk wisely about
"good roads” ought to come to Florida and
pull a few loads over the road we followed.
Within the town limits and for some space
outside a layer of dry pine needles about
three inches thick had been put on the
road. This is now loose and open, but after
a heavy rain it will pack down solid and
firm. When we got away from this “pave¬
ment” we struck deep sand, with here and
there a stretch of low flat land much like
our northern swamps. Through these low
places usually ran lazy little streams with
no dash, or sparkle like a brook in the hill
country, but with a brown colored liquid —
which seemed to he the leachings from the
pine needles.
During a drive of some five miles wo
passed 11 deserted houses. In fact there
were but three houses at present occupied.
Many of these houses must have cost
originally at least $5,000— one at least
could hardly be duplicated for $10,000.
There thev stood, lonely and desolate — with
barns falling in decay and fences down.
Around each one could be seen the ruins
of an orange grove. Here and there some
hardy sprout from an old stump had sur¬
vived and now carried a few oranges, but
most that remained were dead stumps or
blackened sprouts. Twenty years ago this
was a thoroughly prosperous section.
Oranges brought good prices and crops were
fair. A good grove was easily worth $1,000
per acre and readily salable at that. Men
who thought themselves long-headed and
shrewd bought this land, planted, as they
thought, permanently, and built homes that
were to endure. Then, all of a sudden,
came the great freeze, and in 48 hours
prosperity and hope were changed to deso¬
lation. The trees were killed to the ground.
Much of this property- had been bought and
developed with borrowed money. A few
stout hearts located near the lakes or the
railroads, worked at the groves, sawed off
the frozen wood, and either budded the
sprouts which came up or left the best of
them to grow into a bush form of tree.
They have endured through several lighter
freezes and are still shipping oranges and
grape fruit, though into a poorer and fail¬
ing market. Away from the lakes, along
such roads as that which led to the clergy¬
man’s cow, the groves were mostly aban¬
doned, and with them went what was
thought to be the only way of making a
living in this country.
I wish I could take a company of the
poor dupes who put up their money on
“booms” and Florida speculations through
this section as night is coming on. I can
think of nothing more fittingly described
as "God-forsaken” than a region of aban¬
doned farm homes from which no lights
shine at night. If a man felt his money
burning in his pocket for a _ land invest¬
ment this sight would cool it off, yet I
believe to-day that these level fields could
still be made profitable at stock raising if
a man had the capital to start and carry
him along until he learned how and got ac¬
quainted with the Florida climate. The
failure of the orarnge crop put a curse on
this country, yet I firmly believe that some
day northern Florida will find herself with
new crops and products and make good.
Take it from me once more, however, that
the man most likely to be happy in Florida
is he who goes there with the price in his
pocket and the cost of a return ticket salted
somewhere against a time ol need. lie may
not need it at all, but it is better to have
it. 1 ought to add, and it will appear later,
that this particular road over which we
travelled is not typical, but worse than
most others.
But I am getting away from the clergy¬
man's cow. After much turning and twist¬
ing around corners and asking the way we
learned where our reverend friend lived.
All along the sandy road we had pleasant
reports of that cow. She was. reported as
"white and black” and giving “ a gallon
and a half.” Visions of some fine Holstein
rose before me, but Uncle Ed somehow
was not so enthusiastic. We finally came
to the end of our road to find a small
house and barn surrounded by a barbed
wire fence. Three dogs ran out to meet us
and a Rhode Island Red rooster left his
family to come up for a closer view. Uncle
Ed is* wise to Florida ways, and he did not
get out of the wagon among those dogs.
We called, but the clergyman was not at
home. It seems he is a “bach.” living
alone — no doubt his church is off in the
woods. In a little pasture back of the
house stood the cow. h. w. c
The Best 50c. Shirt in America.
It is the shirt for you to wear every day on the job — extra strong, roomy
and comfortable, shapely, attractive in fabric, patterns and colors, rein¬
forced and GUAR ANT kED.
U. 8. Government test proved the value of khaki for army wear, and
personal test by you will prove the wonderful strength, the never- wear-out
features of the Chamois Skin Work Shirt.
Your dealer can supply you: it not, send us his name, your collar size
and 5Uc. in stamps for sample shirt and book of new patterns.
The President Shirt Co .
121 Wyoming Si. Baltimore, Md.
CAHOON SEED
Saves buying expensive drills. Most
perfect broadcast sower for all grain
and grass seed. Accurate, simple,
durable. Made of steel, iron and brass. Lasts a life time.
Saves time , saves seed and gives bigger crops.
Highest priced sower made, but pays for itself many times yearly. If
your dealer cannot supply you, we will deliver the Cahoon to any
express office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of $4. Send for
"Seed Sowers’ Manuals” tells howto produce bigger crops with
less seed. It’s Free.
GOODELL CO., 14 MftlN ST„ ANTRIM. NEW HAMPSHIRE.
SAVE HALF Your
Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT— proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the ‘‘Grange.”
Made in all colors, — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE.
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
Tells all about Paint and Painting for Durability.
How to avoid trouble and expense caused by paint!
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuable information
fro. to you. with Sample Color Cards, Writ* me. DO
XT NOW. I can .avc you money.
0. W. ingersoll, 246 Plymouth St.. Brooklyn, N.Y.
STOUT— STRONG-DURABLE— CHEAP
Brown Fences will outlast any other because of
heavier wires and thicker galvanizing. Investigate
before you buy. 160 styles for all purposes.
Bargain Prices-14c Par Rod Up ]
delivered at your railway station. Send today for ]
catalog and free sample for test.
THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO.,
Dept. 59 CLEVELAND. OHIO j
FENCE
Madeof High Carbon Double Strength
■ Coiled Wire. Heavily Galvanized to
prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at
factory prices on 30 days’ free trial.
We pay al I freight. 37 heights of farm
and poultry fence. Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 263 Winchester, Indiana.
13l Cents a Rod
-r* y —I— For 18-in. 14 S-4e for 22-in. Hog
Fence; 15e for 26-1 neh; 18 8-4*
for 32-inch; 26e for a 47-inch
Farm Fence. 48-lnch Poultry
fence 28 1-2*. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 88 UNCI E, IND.
FROST
WIRE FENCES
a d
A Heavy Pence mad© of Hard wire,
, built with one purpose in view,
that of lasting and satisfactory
service. No repairs. Free catalog
upon request. Ask your dealer.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dept. H CLEVELAND, O.
Higher Cost of Living
Does not Include Fence
qZA H
1 Itfe
Ten years ago it
took 2 bushels of corn
to buy 1 rod of fence. To¬
day 1 bushel of corn will buy 2
rods of better fence.
Price Low— Quality Better Than Ever
Within ten years farm prod¬
ucts have greatly advanced in
market value while the price of
woven wire fence has been re¬
duced. These are the reasons:
Newer and improved methods
of digging the ore, shipping to
the furnaces, melting into steel
and making into finished prod¬
ucts are in force. Ten years
ago operations were on a small
scale. Today the plan of oper¬
ation is vast. The manufac¬
turer is able to deliver the fin¬
ished goods quickly, of better
quality and at a lower price.
Tv _ 1 17 Stocks of American Fence are carried in every place
L/GS-IClfS JliVdryTVriGrC -Where farm supplies are sold. The Fence Is shipped
to these points in carload lots, thereby securing the cheapest S®’ Igdeller
freight thus made enables it to be sold at the lowest prices. Look lor Uie^ American Bence dealer
and get the substantial advantages he is enabled to offer. He is there to serve t p
person, offer the variety of selection and save the buyer money tn many ways.
American fence is made bet¬
ter than ever. It is a thorough¬
ly galvanized square mesh fence
of weight, strength and dura¬
bility. Large wires are used
and the whole fabric is woven
together with the American
hinged joint (patented)— the
most substantial and flexible
union possible. Both wires are
positively locked and firmly held
against side slip and yet are free
to act like a hinge in yielding
to pressure, returning quickly
to place without bending or
injuring the metal.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice-President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago
New York
Denver
San Francisco
Send for coin) of “ American Fence News," profusely illustrated, devoted to the interests of **”"%£ *"*
showing lunofmee maybe employed to enhance the earning power of a farm. Furnished free upon application
1911
167
Ruralisms
CULTURE OF THE MANGO.
At Miami, Fla., The R. N.-Y. has a
goodly number of friends and subscrib¬
ers, some of whom have given special
attention to growing the named sorts of
the avocado, Persea gratissima, com¬
monly known as alligator pear, and the
mango, Mangifera Indica. The avo¬
cado and mango, in the semi-tropical
parts of Florida, form distinctive and
attractive features of the landscape,
growing luxuriantly, thickly clad with
rich foliage, surmounted with great bou¬
quets of blossoms followed by abun¬
dant fruit. The fruit of the seedling
mangos are all readily eaten where
grown, notwithstanding their slight
flavor of turpentine and their stringiness.
Every seedling mango that is noticeably
better than its neighbors is promptly
called No. 11 in the fond belief that it
is a direct descendant of the original
No. 11, which was claimed to have been
raised from mangos cast ashore by the
sea in a box marked 11. It is candidly
admitted that you have to learn to like
the avocado, though occasionally you
may meet an individual like young Paul
Rader of Miami, who ate them greedily
from babyhood and can make an entire
appetizing meal from a big one now
that he has attained manhood, but for
the average mortal the taste must be
acquired, and so also, usually, must the
taste for the pomelo and the tomato.
We are told the way to acquire a liking
for the avocado quickly is to tackle
them when positively hungry and unable
to get anything else to eat. It is as a
food— a constituent of salads — that its
extended and popular use is advocated
by those who have found out how good
and very valuable the avocado is, con¬
taining, as it does, so large a proportion
of palatable oil. George B. Cellon, the
acknowledged foremost expert in the
propagation of both avocados and man¬
gos by budding, places the avocado
ahead of the mango on account of its
superior food value, and thinks that in
urging its increased production he is
helping to supplement the food supply of
the world.
On the island opposite Miami Mr. J.
S. Collins, a retired New Jersey nursery¬
man, owns a plantation comprising 1,000
acres, containing 6,000 avocado trees of
the Frapp variety. The surpassing
value of this sort consists in its “late¬
ness/ lasting till January, and hanging
on well, long after all other sorts are
gone— bringing big prices in the fancy
fruit markets supplying the exclusive
trade in the great cities. The writer
hopes to see Mr. Collins’ immense grove
of Trapp avocados when it becomes es¬
tablished. At present it seems to be
suffering from the fierce salt breezes
that sweep over it, being so near the sea.
It is hoped to overcome this by plant¬
ing wind-breaks of the imported Aus¬
tralian beefwood, a Casuarina, but ex¬
perience at Palm Beach and elsewhere
in Florida would seem to indicate that
it might not be as desirable for the pur¬
pose as a native tree most abundant
right on the shores of Biscayne Bay,
the Citharexylum villosum or fiddle-
wood, which is exceedingly tough, and
in its general appearance bearing some
resemblance to a small-leafed rubber
tree.
Flic propagation of the named avoca¬
dos is still limited to but few soils, al¬
most exclusively the Trapp, Pollock and
Rico — the Trapp leading. The Pollock,
a fine early variety, originated at Miami
and as exhibited by E. V. Blackman at
the Jamestown Exposition obtained the
gold medal prize. The fruit exhibited
was grown by the Rev. Dr. Luther S.
Rader of Miami, who is a recognized
expert in the growing of tropical fruits,
living produced a fine seedling avo-
eado, the Rader, which in quality
equals the Pollock, and it is claimed
the rurai. new-yorker
excels it in size and appearance. Dr.
Rader on his place has also fruited some
of the rarest newly imported mangos.
Wm. E. March owns the oldest and
largest fruiting grove of the finest
named mangos in the United States. I
was treated to an inspection of the beau¬
tiful large trees then in full bloom. It
was a vision of surpassing loveliness not
soon to be forgotten. The large fruiting
trees are mostly of the Mulgoba variety
of mango, although Mr. March has
other sorts. The flavor is a blending of
peach, pineapple, apricot and some other
indescribably good things, and each fruit
weighs about a pound. It has no more
fiber than a peach and in quality is as
much superior to the ordinary seedling
mango as the sweet orange is to the
bitter. John B. Beach has for nearly
20 years made a specialty of the mango,
and prefers to propagate them by inarch¬
ing. He also, in addition to the Mul¬
goba, grows several other tested sorts,
including the Sundersha, good five to
eight weeks after the others are gone.
It is a mistake to think that the finest
mango cannot be safely shipped to dis¬
tant cities. Mr. March has had them
reach Oregon in good condition and Dr.
Rader has seen them arrive from India
at the leading fruit markets of Cincin¬
nati, when they sold at $2 each. The
Mulgoba usually retails at 25 cents each
in Miami. It is an interesting sight to
look through Mr. Beach’s shaded
propagating houses containing thousands
of inarched mangos, perched on shelves
overhead among the branches, where
they are watered copiously three times
each day by iron pipes running up
through the trees, carrying the city
water. It is only necessary to turn a
faucet below and they arfe instantly
drenched. j. yates peek.
R. N.-Y. — The mango is being suc¬
cessfully grown in Porto Rico, and large
plantations have been started there.
Bessie : “Up to our house we got a
baby that jest come the other night.”
Elsie (disdainfully): “Huh! that’s
nothing stylish, they’re common things;
our washerwoman’s got one o’ them.” —
Catholic Standard and Times.
This Work Shoe
Wears Like
the Hoofs of
a Horse
The Haskin-
Granger Shoe
is strictly a
work shoe for
farmers.
The uppers
are made of the stoutest leathers
known to shoemakers, genuine
French Kip, oil-tanned moose, calf,
etc. The outsoles are of specially
selected, hemlock-tanned steer’s
hide, pegged to equally solid leather
insoles. We purposely avoid sewing
on our soles. The best linen thread in
the world will not withstand the wet
rotting of stable refuse and manure.
We use. brass standard screws and
old-fashioned maple pegs that shrink
and swell with the leather and
always keep a water-tight bottom.
The
Haskin-Granger
Shoe
is not to be confused with the ordi¬
nary mail order shoe. The Haskin-
Granger shoe is made in our own
factory under expert supervision.
We are making the most sensible
and serviceable farm shoe in the
world. We are selling direct to the
farmer and eliminating all middle
profits. We stand back of every shoe
we make and guarantee perfect sat¬
isfaction or money refunded.
Write Dept A for illustrations of
leading styles with full descriptions
and prices.
For our responsibility refer to the
Citizen's Trust Co.,
Utica, N. Y„ or any
bank in Utica.
The Haskin Shoe
Mfg. Company
Stittville
New York
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
No-money-in-advance, no-
bank -deposit. Shipped
direct to yon at dealer’s
wholesale prices. Pay
ns oat of the ** extra
profit” the sprayer earns.
Horse Power Sprayer
No trees too high, no field too big for this kin*
orchards .vineyards, potamSs*
weed 8, etc. Wo Iinnd pumping reouired _ works
can more work with
this machine than two men with the old stvle
sprayers. It saves you 1 0
labor, time and money.
Doubles
Your
Crop
The Man-Power Sprayer
Is an all-purpose machine
for the medium -sized - -
growers, cheap in price, light, strong and dur¬
able. All our sprayers are GITA It ANTE Ml for
— - - FIVE YEARS. We pay
the freight. W rite a let¬
ter or card to-day— and
we’ll send you Spraying
Guide, Catalogue of all-
kinds-of-sprayere, and
Npec!iU-Free-8pr»yer of¬
fer for first In each Io-
callty this season. Don’t
delay. Write now. It
means money to you.
H- L HURST MFG. COMPANY
283 North St.. Canton, Ohio
You Can Depend on These Sprayers
Don’t waste your money on uncertain sprayers- the
kind that are often out of order. The
largest fruit growers use the “11 ardie”
because it’s a sprayer with the
troubleioft out.
This llardie No
2 1’owerSprayer
has loo gal.tank,
all brass pump,
11 h. p. engine.
Weight7folbs.
i’ricc $180.00.
The
Bardie Sprayers
are made in 25 different sizes and
styles; prices Sil.to to $050. Our cat¬
alogue describes these sprayers,
and shows you the best way to
spray. It’s free. Send for a copy.
THE HAltDIE M FG. CO.
#42 Mechanic St., Hudson, Mich,
also 49 No. Front 8t. , Portland, Ore,
Hand Outfit
1911 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS
IO Years of Success
“ONE FOR ALL," No. I
OCATH TO INSECTS a FUNGI '*
Barren, 425 lbs - - 05c. per l»
‘4 Bbls..200lbs. -- • - '
100 Ibs^. '
50 lb9...,.j
25 lbs„
r o. e
Wool Create, Artenate of Lead, LimrsSuIphui?
Combined. A Contact and Poison Spray.'
,A ft Insecticide & Fungicide.
Only Thing Needed for all Pests or _ Fungua.
WRITE FOR BOOKLET./ ~
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
Established 1853
SI Front Street! Mew York
HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINQS
.Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a spring
j| wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.,
J bring morn money. Asic for special proposition.
J llarvey Bprlag Co., UG-lJthSt., Kaelne, Wls.
GUARANTEED
SPRAY ,hc N.Y. State Fruit Growers Ass’ti
|J' ”** 1 i1 Vvtt.T, pay voir to imR f.ithfr
j*
»•' PASTE OR P0WDERED^^-<^^7.
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS^^Vj
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS moAGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
^ RIGHT PRICE and MATE P I A 1
V^FUNGICIOE ANO INSECTICIDE
_ J VHTfl 1 3rA
interstate CHEMICAL CO.'
14 BAYVIEW AV E..JERSEY CITY N.J
WRITg FOR PRICE5,CIRCULAR5 ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOUCIT*Eo!
FRIEND FRUIT GROWER : Uncle Sam says
you must spray. Users of the Deyo are relieved
from experimenting. After ton years of service the
Deyo is still giving perfect satisfaction. Our cus¬
tomers are our reference, ask tho user. Wo sell
direct to you. Deyo pays all freights to Missis¬
sippi Rivor shipping points. Write for catalogue 19.
DEYO-MACEY ENGINE C0„ Binghamton, N. Y.
GET THE BEST
A Good Spray Pump cams
big profits and lasts for years.
THE ECLIPSE
is a good pump. As
practical fruit grow¬
ers we were using common
sprayers in our own orchards
— found their defects and
invented the Eclipse. Its
success forced us to manu¬
facturing on a larp2 scaie.
You take no chances. We
have done all the experi¬
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog
and Treatise on spraying FREE.
MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.
“KANT-KLOG”t<-#3 Spraying
I SPRAYERS# A GuideFree
Something New
Gets twice the results—
with same labor and iluid. *
Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays
from same nozzle. Ten styles. For —
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing,
etc. Agents Wanted, Booklet Free.
Rochester Spray Pump Co.
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND
IS THE CHEAPEST AND BEST. IT HAS NO SUPERIOR.
SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE.
Buy direct from tho manufacturer and save money
Spraying Compound ready to mix with water. One
pllon of Spraying compound will make from sixteen to
twenty gallons of spray.
Terms:— In bbl. lots (50 gal.) 30c. per gal
We would refer you to J. H. Hale, the Peach King, or
Prof. Jarvis of tho Connecticut Agricultural College.
They will tell you there is nothing better. 15
THE J. T. ROBERTSON CO., BOX R, MANCHESTER, CONN.
HONEST!
B. G. PKA.TT COMPANY, NO CHURCH ST.. N. V., will guaraM'e/toU^an^oVrtth
Have you conquered the
SAN JOSE SCALE?
, — ox,, it. wm guarantee that it can b
“SCALECIDE
less money, with less labor and more effpoHrraUr -in, n _
99
,0r S.T'lA.T"’, le“ 'f?,' and m<,re e,,“lltelY «!»■> with Lime-Sulphur or anything elnet
ys s£E stst «s
Sure and Sudden
Death to AH Insect Pests
when you spray with the stick-longest, kill-quickest, safest
and most economical of all insecticides —
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead
(in Powdered Form)
It is the only dry Arsenate of Lead in an amorphous (non-crystalline) form, hence
the only one that mixes instantly with water in such a finely divided state that every
drop of spray is equally strong in arsenic. It cannot be washed off by rain. Is death
to insects months after application, yet it is harmless to the newest, tenderest foliage.
Electro is guaranteed to contain 33% arsenic oxide, or 50% more than other brands,
as proved by Connecticut and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station
tests. Write us for them.
If your dealer can’t supply Electro, don’t accept substitutes, but send to
us for prices and proofs from successful fruit growers. We’ll supply
Electro in paste form if you prefer it. Use Electro Lima
Sulphur for San Jose scale and sucking insects.
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL CO.
33 Church Street, New York
108
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
PabUibed weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, Hew York.
Herbert W. Colung wood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Roylk, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, (2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or 8*2 marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for tlmr
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash trust accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper Is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in our columns, and any such swindlerwill be publicly ex¬
posed. Weprotect suberibers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
Our friend Luther Burbank has broken out once
more. Long silence seems to have put new wings
to his imagination. This time it is spineless cactus.
Mr. Burbank says he has specimens which are like
the banana in quality, and which produce at the rate
of 175,000 pounds per acre. The facts are that some
of the prickly pear fruits, especially those from Sicily,
have a pleasant fruity flavor somewhat like a melon.
The quantity of pulp is small and there is great waste.
The Mexicans eat them and the experiment stations
in the Southwest have given full details. Any attempt
to compare them with the banana is absurd. The
statement that they yield 175,000 pounds to the acre
is Mr. Burbank’s highest flight in “dream talk” and
just about the record for mathematical “guff.” We
have no doubt, however, that it will sell “spineless
cactus” to trusting fools who ache to get rid of their
money.
*
North Dakota now has a law prohibiting the sale
and distribution of agricultural seeds containing
seeds of quack grass, Canada thistle, sow thistle or
dodder. The seeds most likely to contain these weed
seeds are Brorne grass, Alfalfa or Canada Blue grass.
These will be carefully sampled and examined. Names
of firms selling such seeds will be printed, and in
case of very bad specimens such firms will be prose¬
cuted. That is right. Farmers in Dakota are spend¬
ing thousands of dollars for sulphate of iron to be
used in spraying for weed killing. They are making
a good fight to kill the weeds, but that will amount
to little if such weed seeds continue to be imported
in grass seed. The foul stuff which some seedsmen
send out is a disgrace to the trade. Such fellows
ought to be branded, but first of all farmers must
learn to let such frauds alone and refuse to buy
poor or dirty seed.
*
Could not the bogus commission dealers be eliminated
and the commission business be put on a reliable basis
by the Federal or State Government requiring all would-
be commission merchants to take out a license and give
bonds, and a list of such be filed in the office of the
town clerk in each town where it could be consulted by
all interested parties? J- p- w-
North Carolina.
Yes, the business could be put on a reliable basis
in this way, and many of us believe that it is about
the only way to do it. State governments as a rule
do not handle such things effectively. Again and
again fakes and frauds operate under State charters
or State protection and rob the public. The State
jppears to be too feeble to handle them, and they
continue their robbery until the Federal government
gets after them. There is a great outcry against
giving the Federal government increased powers, but
unless State governments can show greater courage
such increase of power will be necessary.
*
The Democrats in New Jersey and New York met
their first vital test in the selection of United States
Senator. In New Jersey they stood up to it well. At
a primary election James E. Martine was selected as
the party candidate. When it was found that the
Legislature was Democratic politicians tried to re¬
pudiate the primary and have the Legislature elect
ex-Senator Smith. There was only one thing to do,
and that was to make the voters realize what it
would mean if the principle of the primary election
was rejected. The people saw it and they made the
Legislature realize that it was a case of political duty
or death. The result was that Mr. Smith withdrew
and Mr. Martine was elected. Aside from the jus¬
tice of it this was the wisest. political move the Jersey
Democrats have made in years. In New York the
party has not risen to the occasion. The Legislature
is wrangling over the selection of corporation or
political lawyers. The Republicans have thrown away
an even greater opportunity than was offered the
Democrats. They might have presented some strong
independent man who could possibly have been elected.
Instead of doing so they have actually selected Sena¬
tor Depew— the most useless and thoroughly dis¬
credited man New York has had in the Senate since
the Civil War.
*
From East to West we have the same story; when¬
ever a public official stands up straight against fraud
or humbug an effort is made to pull him down. As
an example, take the case of State Forester G. M.
Homans of California. He did his best to suppress
the “wildcats” who were booming shares in Euca¬
lyptus companies. Those frauds were robbing the
public and Homans did his best to choke them off.
Now efforts are being made to induce Governor
Johnson to dismiss Mr. Homans because “he is an¬
tagonistic to the great industry of Eucalyptus grow¬
ing.” That is the way such frauds operate. They try
to make it appear that honest men are with them
in such1 efforts. Look over the country and see how
many men representing “agriculture” in public life
stand up and fight for the farmer. You can get a
wagonload of research and wise advice, but where
do you find a fighter who will risk his job in a
worthy fight?
*
Briefly stated, the proposed “reciprocity” with
Canada consists in free trade in agricultural products,
fish and lumber, and reduced duties on agricultural
implements and some other manufactured goods. The
advantage is all with American manufacturers, and
the disadvantage all with farmers To show how
complicated the situation is, there is now a sort of
milk famine in western Canada. In spite of the tariff
of 17H per cent on milk, the city of Winnipeg alone
imports 1,000 gallons daily. With this tariff removed
there would no doubt be large quantities of milk sent
from this side of the line to western Canada. On the
other hand, free trade in milk would prove a serious
blow to milk producers in New England. The con¬
tractors would have the farmers at their mercy, for
they could, in case of shortage, go to Canada for
extra supplies. With the exception of free trade in
print paper and wood pulp (and these not sure)
there is nothing in this reciprocity that would injure
our manufacturing business, while the entire scheme is
designed to destroy any benefit which the present tariff
affords to our farmers.
*
My wife and myself were going to Ithaca the other
day, and I wanted to take a half bushel of apples to a
friend there, so put them up and took them to the sta¬
tion. On reaching the station I decided that I couldn't
bother with the anules. so sent them bv express. One-
half bushel apples, 25 pounds, Trumansburg to Ithaca
11 miles, half mile delivery in Ithaca, by same company,
35 cents. My wife and myself and grip, 325 pounds,
Trumansburg to Ithaca, 1% mile in Ithaca by another
company, 54 cents. T. H. king.
Tompkins Co., N. Y.
Under our present postal laws Mr. King could have
put the apples into seven different packages and sent
by mail at a cost of $4! In Germany those apples
would have been delivered by mail for less than 25
cents. Mr. King himself would have been carried by
the two separate companies for 32 cents. An express
company which does this nice little business paid out
in one year nearly $15,000,000 as “express privileges,”
which means money paid to the railroads for carrying
packages. It took in nearly $30,000,000 as “gross
receipts” from all its operations and made so much
money that it did not dare divide it as dividends, but
gave it out as “new stock.” During 1909 all the ex¬
press companies in the country together took in $137,-
831,658.65, and paid to their good friends the railroads
$64,032,126.69 ! These companies owned real estate,
buildings, fixtures, horses, everything, to a value of
$23,313,575.53, or about 18 per cent of their income!
We know several farmers who would enjoy taking in
about seven times as much money each year as all
their property is worth ! They could put such money
into circulation so it would benefit manufacturers
and dealers at once. The express companies have
robbed us long enough, but you can see from this the
size of the job before us in bringing them to time.
Parcels post is the only thing that will really do it.
You see what a share of their graft goes to the rail¬
roads and the two together are strong in money and
in pull. The plain people are strong in votes, and
just as soon as the politicians find we mean business
we shall get what we need. Keep at them !
February 11,
We, at tbe College of Agriculture, get many letters frorQ
city people who have been taken by the glowing accounts
of agricultural prospects as portrayed by the popular
magazines, asking what their chances of success would
be by going into agriculture without any practical experi¬
ence. We have considerable evidence, also, that a great
many of such persons are falling into the hands of land
speculators, and are being loaded up either with very in¬
ferior land, or else with land at very high prices. The
movement from the city to the country has now been going
on for a number of years, and it would seem to me it
would be a most excellent scheme if The R.-N.-Y. would
call for the experiences of city people who have without
any practical farm experience gone into agricultural en¬
terprises within the last four or five years. Of course
there are both successes and failures, and it is equally de-
eirable that you should hear from both classes. Ask them
for a brief and plain statement of their trials and dis¬
appointments, and their successes. I think it is time the
city people should be permitted to see both sides of the
picture. J. L. stone.
We already have some of those statements. We
want all we can get. Do not think you must make
out a good story and hide all the failures. On the
other hand, do not think it your duty to give only the
black side of country living with none of the advan¬
tages. Give us a fair, plain statement of your experi¬
ence, without frills or special pleading. With the
present “back to the land” movement, no more useful
thing can be done than to tell the exact truth about
moving from town or city to a farm after home and
competence. This change from city to country is one
of the most important migrations in our history and
it is important that those who start should know what
they are doing. Who can teach them except those
who have been over the road? Beginning this week
we shall run a series of articles from men who have
started this journey.
*
They seem to be possessed to get tbe gist of anything
pertaining to a farmer wrong end to. I _ don’t know
whether it is dense ignorance or pure eussedness.
LEWIS B. KINNEY.
I consider this most misleading and false in its rep¬
resentation as far as your attitude is concerned regard¬
ing sentiments expressed, and ought to be replied to and
sharply criticized for writing such stuff.
GEORGE F. HILLS.
The above extracts from letters refer to the foolish
statement made by the Syracuse Post-Standard, all
of which is printed on page 158. There is no need for
us to reply to such nonsense. Our people do it for
us, and they do it well. It is pleasant to see the
way our friends take up these suggestions about
writing their local papers. We urged them to do
this about parcels post, but they are going further,
and making their power felt in new places. You
will hear no more of these schoolboy essays from
the Post-Standard, and no one could have shut it
off but these farmers. A few years ago they would
have endured such sneers in silence. Now they
know better, for they understand something of their
power, and have gained the courage to exercise it.
They can accomplish great things if they will stick
a sharp pen into every blind, stupid, ignorant or men¬
dacious writer who comes into their local paper with
a sneer at their efforts to right business wrongs.
These men would have us go right on increasing
our products, taking more 35-cent dollars and giving
the handlers 65 cents every time we take 35. We
rejoice that The R. N.-Y. has kept at this point until
thousands of farmers see it. Now we need to reach
the consumers in town and city. Here is the chance
for our people to pass the word along to their local
papers. Do not be afraid of them. They need you
more than you need them.
BREVITIES.
Small farm bridges of concrete are permanent.
Kansas is a meat producing State. We are told that
Kansas farmers buy about $7,000,000 worth of meat from
the butcher shops, giving the various middlemen about
50 cents of the consumer’s dollar for handling their own
meat.
" A reader lias asked Mr. Douean. the $9 hen man, if
he uses trap-nests. He says ho never did but once —
that was to find the hen which laid an egg of poor
shape. lie got her the first day. He cannot! spare the
time to watch the nests.
Still another organization is that of the Lespcdeza
growers in Louisiana. Hay made from this clover has
great value. This organization will work to make the
consuming public acquainted with this hay, learn how to
get rid of weeds and how to get pure seed — also try to
obtain reasonable freight rates.
In 1814 20 tons of anthracite coal were produced in
Pennsylvania. In 1009 the total output had grown to
2,095,834,234 tons. Anthracite is now becoming a luxury,
and bituminous coal, oil, gas and wood must be sub¬
stituted for it. We think the future price of wood must
increase.
A “sticky” whitewash reported from Colorado for use
on trees marked with sunscald is made as follows : 30
pounds quicklime, four pounds tallow and five pounds
salt. Melt the tallow and dissolve the salt and then put
with the lime while it is slaking. Use enough water to
make it flow well — and it will stick.
iyii.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
16©
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
Uncle Sam Wants to Know Where
it Has Gone.
So many complaints have poured into
the Department of Justice and Post
Office Department against E. G. Lewis
and his numerous schemes that these
departments have united in an investi¬
gation of the schemes. The complaints
show that Lewis has been collecting
money from country people from all
parts of the country for nearly 10 years.
During that time he has got money on
more than a dozen different proposi¬
tions. It is not known how much money
Lewis got on these schemes, but from
his own representations it runs into six
or seven million dollars all told, and
some people estimate that he got in all
nearly double that amount. But when
the old bank was closed up some of
the depositors and stockholders de¬
manded their money and got 87 per
cent of their investment through the re¬
ceiver. This represented about one-
third of the stock. The trick turned by
Lewis to get possession of the other
two-thirds of the funds of the bank was
probably the slickest piece of jugglery
ever performed with bank accounts and
cash. When the receiver took charge
in August, 1905, the officers of the bank
and the Lewis enterprises owed the
bank nearly a million dollars, which was
one of the reasons for closing the bank
and for the issuing of fraud orders
against it. The receiver advertised the
assets of the bank, but got no bids for
the Lewis securities. In the meantime
Lewis wrote hysterical letters to the
stockholders, alleging that a conspiracy
had been formed by express companies,
bankers and Government officials to de¬
stroy the people’s bank, and that the
bank had been assassinated. He appealed
to them to stand by him in this dark
hour of trial and assign their stock to
him, that he might be in a position to
light the enemies of the bank — their
enemies — and pledged his private for¬
tune, his income and his sacred honor
to pay them in full, dollar for dollar.
In exchange for the stock he would send
them a trustee note or preferred stock
in the publishing company. About two-
thirds of the stockholders fell to this
plea and sent Lewis assignments of their
stock. It amounted to about $1,500,000.
Lewis printed up $2,300,000 worth of
stock in the Lewis Publishing Co., and
gave the dear people their choice of this
or the trustee notes of his income in
exchange for the assignments. Lewis
was then able to turn over the assigned
stock to the receiver and take his securi¬
ties and about $300,000 in cash besides.
Word went out then that the assets of
the bank were paid in full, and that the
stockholders got 87 per cent of their
investment. All of which was offered
as evidence that the bank was assassi¬
nated. What really happened of course
was that Lewis borrowed from the
stockholders their proceeds of the bank,
without security, and saved himself from
prosecution by making good the money
he got out of the bank. The stock was
of course all vapor. It was not even
pure water.
Those who accepted notes instead of
stock fared no better. These are the
notes now three years overdue that we
have been trying to collect without suc¬
cess. Besides these notes and stock,
Lewis sold mortgages, bonds and notes
in great variety and in unlimited num¬
bers. These he called in and promised
to pay for them in cash, or exchange
them for stock in the People’s Savings
and Trust Company, which he later or¬
ganized. Those who sent in their cer¬
tificates and asked cash got in return
an interim receipt. The cash does not
come, and the Banking Department of
the State of Missouri will not allow
Lewis to issue bank stock in exchange
for worthless stocks and notes, so that
he cannot keep his promise to issue the
stock, even if he were disposed to do so.
Of course he could turn the cash into
the bank and keep the securities as he
promised to do, but no one suspects
Lewis capable of straight cash transac¬
tions of that kind.
The “Readers’ Pool” is a proposition
that seems involved in mystery. Lewis
gathered a fund three years ago to buy
48 acres of land at University City for
this fund. He announced that he had
enough to buy the land, and then asked
for more money to improve it and for a
loan fund to lend home builders. Finally
he said no more certificates would be
issued, but no one knew whether the
land was bought or not, but certainly
the profits that were to be divided semi¬
annually have not materialized. Lewis
refused to explain. Perhaps Uncle Sam
will find out. Lewis is now very will¬
ing — anxious in fact — to exchange all
these certificates, bonds, notes, etc., for
10-year debentures, but his victims are
getting tired of the exchange process,
and would now like a little cash.
Lewis is evidently drunk with con¬
ceit. That is the most charitable view
to take of his conduct. Lie has grown
impudent in his defiance of the postal
regulations. He not only daily violates
the regulations, but actually publishes
the evidence of his transgressions. His
conduct amounts to a defiance of the
LJnited States Government. Not only
this. He has done something more seri¬
ous. He has involved over one hun¬
dred other publishers in similar vio¬
lations. According to the postal regula¬
tions a paper is not entitled to second
class privileges when premium induce¬
ments are offered in excess of 50 per
cent of the subscription price, or when
the paper is regularly mailed gratui¬
tously to people who did not subscribe
for it. Lewis offers premiums which he
says are worth hundreds of dollars with
a dollar subscription, and further ad¬
mits that 70 per cent of the subscrip¬
tions sent him are given away free.
These conditions apply not only to his
own paper, but also to all the papers
for which he is allowed to take subscrip¬
tions. But he has not even stopped
here. Lie now boasts that a number of
publishers have now allowed him to
send them subscriptions on credit to
the amount of $500,000. If you did not
read the boast carefully you would think
they had made him a cash loan. It is
probably a gratuity granted in the vain
hope of putting off an inevitable calam¬
ity. Surely no self-respecting govern¬
ment could ignore such bold defiance of
the law in which it is itself concerned.
In his reckless and conceited bravado
Lewis has not only invited but forced
an inquiry of affairs ; and the publishers
whom he has involved may and prob¬
ably will find their records with him a
matter of inquiry also. To be fair with
the publishers involved, we do not be¬
lieve they went into the scheme with
any intention of violating the postal
laws, and if they show a proper con¬
trition now, we hope the Government
will be charitable with their error of
the past.
When Lewis was tried on an indict¬
ment of fraud in connection with the
defunct United States Bank, he escaped
because it was not clear that he intended
to create a scheme to defraud. It was
not denied that his victims had lost
money. He has developed many schemes
since, and the people have dropped
money in all of them. Perhaps he is
smart enough to continue the perform¬
ance indefinitely, but we doubt it
It is a matter of common knowledge
that the Post Office Department was
never more successful than during the
past year in running down promoters
of fraudulent schemes.
AS LONG AS YOU’RE
GOING TO BUY A POWER
SPRAYER YOU’D BETTER GET
THE BEST-A CHAMPION
Costs No More to Buy than Ordinary Outfits
and Costs a Lot Less Afterwards
YOU COULDN’T DO WORSE than to buy a poor sprayer — you’ll pay for
it twice over in time lost, solution wasted and repair bills.
OF COURSE IF YOU HAD TO PAY MORE for the best sprayer—
which is the Champion — then there might be some reason in saving money
and taking a chance.
BUT THAT ISN T THE CASE — the Champion costs actually less than
inferior power sprayers of other makes. One reason is the Champion
is simpler, therefore costs less to build and so can be sold for less. Then,
too, we make them in large quantities — being the largest exclusive
manufacturers of power sprayers in the world, and we give you the benefit
of the saving we effect in that way.
THE SAME SIMPLICITY OF DESIGN that enables us to make and
sell the best sprayer for the price of an ordinary one also makes the
Champion the easiest to operate and the most economical.
SO THERE’S ONLY ONE REASON why anyone would buy any other
power sprayer — he hasn’t seen a Champion in operation nor investigated
its many superior features.
YOU OWE IT TO YOURSELF to get our catalog, study the technical
description of this splendid outfit and let us send you the names of
prominent orchardists everwhere who are using Champions. The rest
will be easy.
PLEASE REMEMBER THIS — we are specialists. The Champion Manu¬
facturing Company manufactures only power sprayers. We never have
made water pumps nor farm machinery. Sprayers are not a side line with us.
WE DEVOTE ALL OUR ENERGIES to making the best power sprayer
possible — one that solves all problems in the handling of all kinds of solu¬
tions, and does it more easily, quickly and economically.
ORDERS ALWAYS AHEAD OF SUPPLY. So send for catalog at once,
then order quickly so as not to suffer delay in delivery. Champion
Automatic Power Sprayers are fully guaranteed.
DO YOU KNOW the Champion nozzle — the only variable one — does away
with towers ; sprays the highest branches or lowest from the ground ; from
. any point regardless of direction of wind; does a perfect job — and saves
half the solution. Look into it.
“Now, then, children,” said the
teacher, “what is it we want most in
this world to make us perfectly happy?”
“De things we ain’t got!” shouted the
bright boy in the back seat. — Philadel¬
phia Press.
Champion Manufacturing Coc
Pontiac, Michigan
Department C
170
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
“LIFE IS WHAT WE MAKE IT.”
Let’s oftcner talk of noble deeds,
And rarer of the bad ones,
And sing about our happy days,
And not about the sad ones.
We were not made to fret and sigh,
Aud when grief sleeps to wake it,
Bright happiness is standing by —
This life is what we make it.
Let's find the sunny side of men,
Or the believers in it ;
A light there is in every soul
That takes the pains to win it.
Oh, there’s a slumbering good in all,
And we perchance may wake it ;
Our hands contain the magic wand ;
This life is what we make it.
Then here’s to those whose loving hearts
Shed light and joy about them ;
Thanks be to them for countless gems
We ne’er had known without them.
Oh ! this should be a happy world
To all who may partake it ;
The fault’s our own if it is not —
This life is what we make it.
— Author Unknown.
*
The safest place to keep an ostrich
feather, says a person who has tried it,
is in a glass jar, tightly sealed. Moths
and dust are kept out, and the feather
may be inspected through the glass with¬
out opening the jar. Of course the or¬
dinary glass jar is not large enough for
a very long feather, because we must
not bend it, but for the shorter feathers
it will be admirable. A glass jar or
tightly sealed metal box is a good place
to keep kid gloves when at a very humid
seashore locality, or on a long sea voy¬
age ; the salty dampness often has a very
disastrous effect upon kid.
*
Thf. “cozikid” blanket is one of the
modern comforts to make the baby
happy. It is a flat bag, large enough
for the baby to stretch out in, but a
little narrower at the top than the bot¬
tom. It buttons flat all down the mid¬
dle, and at the top the center is rounded
out a little so as to fit around the baby’s
neck, like a cloak. A little pointed hood
or capote is attached, just as if the bag
were a cape. The bag is made of
eiderdown flannel or any similar ma¬
terial suitable for a baby’s blanket. But¬
toned up in its Eskimo bag, with the
capote over its head, the baby can take
its ride or outdoor nap without risk of
being chilled by wriggling out of its
covering.
*
A very appetizing stew, which can be
made from the cheapest cuts of veal, is
stew supreme: Cut three pounds of veal
and one-half pound lean bacon into
small pieces and brown in butter; add
three sliced carrots, six small onions,
three cloves, blade of mace, salt and pep¬
per (very little of the latter), one-half
cup tomato catsup and one tablespoon
Worcestershire sauce; pour over enough
boiling water to cover; let simmer one*
hour or until meat is tender ; arrange
meat on serving platter, rub sauce and
vegetables through a sieve and pour
around meat; or the vegetables may be
left in pieces and the sauce slightly
thickened with a tablespoon of butter
and flour rubbed together.
*
There is a little notion store in up¬
town New York where a passer-by was
attracted by the sight of some strands
of white thread across the window, still
attached to the spool, but with 25 needles,
attached to each thread. An inquiry was
made concerning it.
“My little daughter threaded them,”
the storekeeper said. “They are a won¬
derful convenience for people with such
poor eyes that they can’t see to thread
their own needles. Here is a whole bunch
of them already threaded, and all the
sewer has to do is to unwind the thread
until she has the desired length for the
first needle, then slip the other needles
along until it comes to their turn. May¬
be in some neighborhoods that con¬
trivance wouldn’t be appreciated very
highly, but here it is a real blessing.
Within a few blocks of the store are
three old ladies’ homes. The old ladies
like to sew, but they have found it im¬
possible to keep their needles threaded.
Now that job is already done for them
for the original cost of the needles and
thread.”
That struck us as a very practical
idea, and if there is an old person in
the family who likes to sew she would
certainly appreciate a needle-threaded
spool. Indeed, a few ready-threaded
spools would be a very useful gift for
the industrious woman whose eyes are
not what they were.
*
At the recent Child Welfare Exhibit
in this city there was a series of pos¬
ters by Harristm Cady depicting the
history of bad milk. In the first picture
a careless dairy farmer was milking in a
slovenly barn. Two or three processions
of microbes, all carrying banners with
“tuberculosis,” “scarlet fever,” etc., are
marching from refuse heaps to the milk
can. In the second picture those of the
germs that couldn’t get into the pail
are following the farmer’s wagon to the
station at a double quick. Those who do
not fall by the wayside in this wild
chase jump into the milk, while in the
third picture they are waiting on a
grimy-looking station platform. At the
“milk, coal and ice” store on the East
Side another crop of equally vigorous
germs have a parade to the now thor¬
oughly discouraged milk. The last pic¬
ture shows a hearse— a child’s white
hearse — waiting at the door of the tene¬
ment, with the triumphant germs wav¬
ing their banners and dancing on its
top. This exhibition dealt with every¬
thing affecting the child, physical care,
clothing, feeding and education. As an
example of one feature in high school
education, there was a little girl of 12,
neatly and serviceably dressed, whose
clothing (including underclothes) was
made by pupils at the Washington Irving
High School at a cost of 52 cents. This
is the school where the girls, again this
year, wore graduating dresses made by
themselves at a cost of one dollar each.
The girls are not only taught how to
make their clothes, but also how to buy,
as there is a course in economic shop¬
ping in connection with the dressmaking
course.
Care of Soapstone Griddles.
Can you tell me how to use properly a
soapstone griddle, and how to care for it
after baking? My cakes brown nicely, but
they stick so tight to the griddle that they
look like anything but cakes by the time I
get them off to turn. After turning they
seldom stick. Will you tell me just what
to do, as though I had never tried to use
a soapstone griddle, all the don’t’s and
do’s that belong to its use before and after
baking ? c. c. w.
The griddle should be heated carefully,
never greased, and cleansed after using
by rubbing it well with dry salt. The
inquirer does not say whether she has
used grease or not, but this ruins the
soapstone. The following instructions
were given us by a reader when this
question came up about two years ago :
“In order to obtain perfect results
from a soapstone griddle follow these
instructions. Heat the griddle hot; in
fact, almost sizzlingly hot. Use no
grease of any kind upon it. By doing
this the cakes will not stick ; they will
bake nice and brown, and there will be
no smoke or greasy smell while cooking.
The inquirer can easily make her griddle
equal to a new one by rubbing the bak¬
ing surface with a piece of No. 3 sand¬
paper until it resumes its original smooth
gray surface. Then wash it with clear
water, dry it and when ready to use it
again rub it over with a little fine salt.”
A number of correspondents informed
us that they had always used dry salt,
rubbed on with a cloth, to clean their
griddles, never using grease, and the
more the surface was cleaned in this
way the better and smoother the griddle
became.
Popovers Too Moist.
Can some one tell me why eggless
popovers are moist in the middle? The
outsides are very popular in the house¬
hold, and any recipe which does not
call for eggs is certainly acceptable
with eggs at 50 cents a dozen, but I
cannot get the middles dry, although I
have tried to follow the recipe exactly,
and have had very hot oven and mod¬
erate oven, gem pans always very hot
A. E. F.
Cream Corn Bread and Doughnuts.
Hot corn bread is very nice for break¬
fast and very easily prepared, provided
one can manage to have a hot oven so
early in the day. It is just as good for
supper, of course, and hungry school
children always appreciate it. It is best
cooked in a spider where meat has been
fried, or else well greased with bacon
or ham fat. The cream used may be
either sweet or sour and the amount of
soda varied accordingly : One cup
cream (not too thick nor too sour),
one-half cup buttermilk, one teaspoon
soda (scant measure), one teaspoon salt,
one tablespoon sugar; two cups granu¬
lated meal, one-fourth cup flour. Beat
all together well. Turn into the hot
greased spider and bake in a quick oven.
At the old-fashioned corn-husking we
had one Fall we served very simple re¬
freshments. There were sandwiches, of
course, pumpkin pies and doughnuts and
coffee. Cousin Alice volunteered to
make the doughnuts. “I learned how to
make them last Summer,” she said,
“when we had a real French chef for a
cook. The recipe is very simple and
not rich at all. I think that is one rea¬
son why they are so nice.” That was
several years ago and I have used this
perfectly reliable recipe for doughnuts
ever since : Cream one rounding table¬
spoon ftil butter with one cup sugar, and
then beat in the yolks of three eggs.
Beat the whites of the three eggs
separately and add to the mixture, to¬
gether with one cup sweet milk and one
tablespoon vanilla. Sift one tablespoon
baking powder in one quart flour. Add
the flour and roll out soft, adding more
flour to keep from sticking to the board.
Fry in deep hot lard. They are very
nice rolled in powdered confectioner’s
sugar when done. f.
February 11,
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
A good oil lamp
needs a good chim¬
ney. A bad oil lamp
needs it more.
Both need a
Macbeth “Pearl
Glass” lamp-chim¬
ney.
My lamp-chim¬
neys establish an
even draft on both sides of the
flame — make the most of the
light. I make a chimney to fit
every style and size of lamp and
burner.
Send for my free Index and find out what
chimney to get for your lamp.
Macbeth
Macbeth-Evans Glass Co. Pittsburgh
Reg. 0. S. Pat. Ott.
TAPESTRY RUG,
WOOL, 9 x 12 ft.,
Art Squares— 9 x 12
ft., $3.25 up. Fine
Smyrna Rugs— 9 x,
12 ft., $6.98. Mat¬
ting— from 13c a yard
up. Oil Cloth — 24c a
yard up. Linoleum— 41c
a sq. yard and up. Brus¬
sels Carpets— 40c a yard
up.
Roxboroufh Rugs
$7.48
Just think! Floor
coverings as fine
as can be made—
beauUful, long last-
rig, guaranteed, with
bright, fadeless colors—
at regular manufactur¬
er’s prices . one-third to
one-half less than retail!
We buy in big lots. You
know that saves money.
Just as big bargains In
Body Brussels, Axmln-
■ters, Velvets, Ingrains,
Wiltons, Rag Carpets,
Carpet Linings, Cocoa
Mats and Lace Curtains.
Talk about handsome
patterns! We have
them for parlor,
bedroom, dining
room and kitchen.
Get a postal right now,
and write for our hand¬
some illustrated cata¬
logue. It tells all about
each article and gives
you the exact low price.
Don’t put off writing I
You won’t have to buy
unless you want to, but
by all means send for
the catalogue, and sea
the low prices.
ROXBOROUGH RUG CO., Dept. 377 , Philadelphia. Pa.
iSGii
if
Soda
Crackers
Grew
on Trees
Nature would cover them with
shells, like nuts, protecting from
moisture, mildew, dirt and insects.
Just so are Uneeda Biscuit protected by the
moisture-proof, dust-proof package. It keeps
them oven-fresh and crisp, retaining all their
flavor and goodness till used.
Think it over and you will always
buy the protected kind
Uneeda
Biscuit
Never Sold
in Bulk
In ike moisture-proof
package 'S;
NATIONAL BfSCUJT COMPANY 1
1911-
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
171
The Rural Patterns.
Experience with Zinc.
The first picture includes 6884, one-
piece blouse with yoke and trimming
portion, 34 to 42. 124 yard of ma¬
terial 27 inches wide, 24 yard 36 or 44,
with 124 yard 18 inches wide for trim¬
ming portions, 24 yard of silk for bands,
1 14 yard 18 inches wide for yoke and
under sleeves for medium size. 6878,
fancy waist for misses and small
women, 14, 16 and 18 years. With or
without under-sleeves. 1% yard of ma¬
terial 27 inches wide, 1 yard 36 or 44,
224 yards of all-over lace, 24 yard 21
for trimming, for 16 year size. 6881,
girl’s dress with applied box-plaits, 10,
12 and 14 years. With or without band
flounce. 524 yards of material 27 inches
wide, 224 yards 36 or 44, 124 yard of
all-over, 124 yard of velvet, for 12 year
size. 6880, six-gored skirt for misses’
and small women, 14, 16 and 18 years.
With or without trimming on front gore.
4 1/2 yards of material 27 inches wide,
3J4 yards 36, 2% yards 44, 1 yard of silk,
for 16 year size. 6221, boys’ suit, 6 to
12 years. 524 yards of material 24
inches wide, 4 yards 32, 224 yards 44,
124 yard of wide, 4 yards of narrow braid
for 10 year size. Price of each pattern
10 cents.
The second picture shows 6872, fancy
blouse 34 to 42 bust. 324 yards of
material 24 or 27 inches wide, 224 yards
36, 124 yar<i 44, 24 yard of banding, 24
yard of velvet, for medium size. 6883,
fancy waist, 34 to 40. 124 yard of ma¬
terial 27 inches wide, 24 yard 36 or 44
for blouse with sleeves, 124 yard 27,
24 yard 36 or 44 for pointed portions, 1
yard of all-over_ lace, 24 yard tucked
chiffon, for medium size. 6882, house
gown for misses’ and small women, 14,
16 and 18 years. 524 yards of material
27 inches wide, 424 yards 36, 324 yards
44, 24 yard 21 for collar and cuffs, 224
yards of plaiting for trimming, for 16
year size. 6871, five-gored skirt for
misses and small women, 14, 16 and 18
years. 524 yards of material 27 inches
wide, 324 yards 39 or 44 when ma¬
terial has figure or nap, 424 yards 27,
224 yards 44 when material has neither
figure or nap, for 16 year size. 6873,
combination corset-cover and closed
drawers, 34 to 44 bust. 224 yards of
material 36 inches wide, 224 yards 44, 8
yards of insertion, 8 yards of edging,
224 yards of beading, for medium size.
Price of each pattern 10 cents.
When flues .are foul with soft coal
soot, get a good fire going and throw
two or three ounces of any old zinc
on the live coals and close the stove as
ordinarily. Evidently some chemical ac¬
tion takes place when the fumes of the
burning zinc attacks the soot that
loosens it, and the strong draft of a
hot fire sends the soot out of the chim¬
ney in great clouds. c. j. m.
_ It is now a good many years ago
since I first heard that burning zinc in
a stove would cause the accumulation
of soot in the chimney to vanish — in
other words, it was the best and easiest
way to clean a foul chimney. I have
tried its use liberally a number of times
and have not found that it does what
was claimed for it. The metal is to be
thrown in the fireplace on top of the
fuel and let melt; the fumes thrown off
are supposed to destroy the soot. I
must say the chemical changes that take
place are surprising and to quite an ex¬
tent beautiful. It is a pleasure to watch
the heat “burn” the zinc. Most gor¬
geous colors are evolved. The fumes
turn the soot white and to a small ex¬
tent dislodge it from the stove and
chimney. I used any odd scraps of
zinc; the melted portion may be used
over and over again. But the zinc meth¬
od, to my mind, is all folly; it is like
some of those old superstitions we read
about. _ w. A. pryal.
The Bookshelf.
^ Rural Hygiene, by Henry N. Ogden,
C. E. This is an extremely useful work,
covering a wide range of subjects which
concern the health of a family or com¬
munity. It discusses the location of
house and farm buildings; their con¬
struction, which includes some valuable
details, especially regarding cellar con¬
struction; ventilation; water supply;
plumbing; sewage disposal; care of
meat, milk and other food ; personal
hygiene; diseases, disinfection and sani¬
tary law. The discussion of children’s
diseases, typhoid, tuberculosis and pneu¬
monia. will make the book very useful
to the house mother, while the men
of the household will find in it an answer
to many problems of farm life. This
would be a valuable addition to the
school or Grange library. Published by
Macmillan & Company, New York; 434
pages, 77 illustrations; price $1.50 net,
postage 20 cents additional.
Bird Guide, by Chester A. Reed.
Many of us who wish to learn some¬
thing of the birds in our vicinity are
hampered by the lack of information in
accessible form. This is given us very
clearly in two handy little pocket vol¬
umes issued by Chas. K. Reed, Wor¬
cester, Mass. Bird Guide, Part I, con¬
sists of water birds, and includes 240
pages, 230 birds printed in color;; Part
II, Land Birds, contains 230 pages, 210
bird portraits in color. Water Birds
costs $1 in cloth, $1.25 in leather; Land
Birds $1 leather, 75 cents cloth, postage
five cents each. The books are con¬
venient size and shape for slipping in
the pocket, the descriptions concisely
written, and the pictures life-like. An¬
other useful book from the same pub¬
lisher is. a Flower Guide, with 320 wild
flowers in natural colors. This costs $1
in leather, 75 cents in cloth. These three
books together or separately will be
found very helpful in nature study, and
delightful companions for our country
walks.
ASK FOR
PRINTS
Quality
that is never lowered
Three generations of women
have worn these beautiful
black dress-goods because of
their unvarying high quality
that ‘ ‘ pays to make up. ’ ’
Simpson - Eddystone
Solid Black Prints
are high - grade calicoes of
enduring quality ; and the in¬
tense fast color is as lasting
as the cotton fabric itself.
They are backed by 68 years’
experience.
Show this advertisement to your
dealer when you order, and don’t
accept substitutes. If not in your
dealer’s stock write us his name
and address. We’ll help him sup¬
ply you.
The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philad’a
Founded 1842 by Win. Simpson Sr.
NO MONEY DOWN -NO DEPOSIT- NO OBLIGATIONS
YOURS ON APPROVAL
30 DAYS FREE TRIAL
Take this machine Into your home; use It as your own; try all Its attachments, and if it Is not exaetlv
all we claim lor It In every respect; 11 It Is not handsomer, better made, more easy to run and If it
does not do better work than any machine three times Its price, we will take It back and vou will not
be put; to any expense whatever. Try It a month absolutely Irce; then. If satisfied
. $2.00 A MONTH
• Formerlv sold through dealers i
Think of it ! Less than other hi$h-
grade machines rent for.
Formerly sold through dealers and agents lor $45 to $66. Now offered
direct Irom our factory to you on easy payments at about one-third Its old
price. We have cut oil our wholesalers, jobbers, dealers, and agents, giving
you their profits.
SAVE $25.00 TO $35.00
by buying from the only manufacturers In
the world who sell high-grade sewing ma¬
chines direct from factory to family. It costs
you less to buy the King than to rent any
other high-grade machine from a dealer or
agent. The King won the gold medal, first
prize, highest award at the Alaska-Yukon
Exposition. The judges officially declared it
to be “The World’s Best Sewing Machine.”
OUR 20-YEAR GUARAN¬
TEE means Ifthe machine proves defcct-
I tC Ive In material or workmanship dur¬
ing 20 years of service we will replace It with
another machine or refund your money.
THIS PERFECT MACHINE
la strictly ball-bearing; has the newest drop head
automatic 111 t ;ls easy running and sews a perfect lock
stitch. Among the operations It performsareadjust-
able hemming, hemming and sewing on lace, the
French seam, frilling, tucking, binding, the French
fold, braiding, darning, quilting, ruffling, plaiting,
ruffling between twobands, edge stitching and piping
and shirring. Weposltlvely guarantee that this mar¬
velous variety and perfection of work cannot be
duplicated by the attachments of any other family
sewing machine In the world. The machine Is com¬
plete and includes all the attachments.
KING SEWING MACHINE CO.,
pay us
FACTORY
TO
FAMILY
Write for Illustrated catalogue giving complete descriptions; /
184 RANO ST., , BUFFALO, NEW YORK
Most Modem
Simplest, most efficient
Anyone can install a “SUN”
Hollow Wire System ; no one can eqnal
its satisfactory service and brilliant
illumination. Cheaper than caudles;
xoo to 2000 candle power.
Gasoline pressure tank anywhere inside
or outside house. Lamps operated
Light „
<8S
.^Lighting Systems
Independently.
Conforms to insurance underwriters’
rules. Two weeks' trial, and guarantee
bond. Get catalog. 108 styles fixtures*
$2.25 up. No Agents — sold direct.
SUN VAPOR LIGHT CO.
1116 Market St. Canton, 0.
| Be An Independent Buyer Spend One Cent Foi*
This Big FREE Book
A Kaianv&zog
Direct to You"
TRADE MARK REGISTERED
—“And Gas
Stoves, Too”
Oven Thermom¬
eter Makes
Baking Easy
Our Big Free Stove and Range Book gives you our
factory wholesale prices and explains all — saving you
$5 to $40 on any famous Kalamazoo stove or range,
including gas stoves. Sold only direct to homes.
’ Over 140,000 satisfied cus¬
tomers in 21.000 towns. Over 400 styles and sizes to select from.
$100,000 bank bond guarantee. We prepay all freight and give you
—30 Days* Free Trial
—360 Days’ Approval Test
-CASH OR CREDIT
Write a postal for our book today — any responsible person can’
have same credit as your home stores would give you— and you save
$5 to $40 cash. No better stoves or ranges than the Kalamazoo could
be made — at any price. Prove it, before we keep your money. Be
an independent buyer Send name for Free Catalogue No. 114*
Kalamazoo Stove Company, Mfrs., Kalamazoo, Michigan
It’s Easy to Have Running
Water in Your Home Today
You’ll not want another winter to pass
without the comfort and convenience of running
water in every part of your home. Even if you do
live miles from city water mains, you may enjoy
, , the same advantages that city folks have in bath¬
room, laundry, sprinkling, watering stock, and fire protection.
And these comforts may be yours without the worry of a gravity tank
that is bound to decay, freeze and leak, and is but a temporary makeshift. For the
modern water supply is furnished by the
The manufacturer who
places his trade-mark upon
his product thereby lndl-
cates to you. that his goods
are worthy of your con¬
fidence. The word -/bjrrfoje,
on every
| -feaden. U/atCK. fiwt&m-.
Is a symbol of the skill and
experience that must go
with a perfect water system.
Your protection Is assured
only when this mark appeal's
on the plant you buy.
The plant that you select will operate by compressed air,
forcing the water from the air-tight steel tank in basement or
underground, beyond all danger to life or property. Every drop
of water is delivered cool and refreshing, both summer and
winter. No danger from dirt, dead animals, and
wigglers”— outside air does not at any time .
touch the water. Nor can your plant be put ',\S .
out of business by freezing, if properly "• '•
Installed— and it will last a lifetime with-
out replacing. ypf
Make it unnecessary to carry pail after
pall of water from the pump or go out of ...
tho house on stormy days— such primi-
tive methods are altogether needless ..
In this day of comfort. The same ■'v'
plant delivers water to the barn
as well— your stock need not leave their stalls to quench their thirst
— and the water is never freezing cold.
Have you hesitated to investigate, waiting for a perfect
system ? Then write us now, and talk to your dealer and
architect. For the Leader Water System has already brought
water supply comfort and happiness to fourteen thousand
homes— your problem can be just as easily and simply
solved. And you will be able to afford the cost — a plant
of a size to suit you and operated by hand or any style
of power, is at your service, no matter where you live.
Write to-day on the coupon below for our book,
“The Question of Water.” It tells the whole
story in an Interesting way. Also ask about the
Leader Gasoline Storage Outfit for the garage.
Leader Iron Works
Decatur, Illinois and Owego, New York1
Now York Office. 15 William St , Chicago Office, Monadnock Block. V
Leader Iron Works, 4606 Jasper St., Decatur, III.
Without cost or obligation, mail me your book “ The Question
of Water,” with full particulars about Leader Water Systems.
Name.
R. F. D. or Box.,
1T2
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Live Stock and Dairy
AN ORCHARD FOR HOG PASTURE.
I have an old orchard 1% acres, good
heavy sod, more or less gravelly I wish to
fence the lot and make a hog pasture of it.
What is the best crop to put in for the
pigs, vetch, Alfalfa, or to make two lots
of it so as to keep it green? r. A. w.
Cazenovia, N. Y.
It seems to me that P. A. W. can do
no better than to sow at least an acre of
his orchard to rape and the remaining
one-half acre to Alfalfa, provided Al¬
falfa will grow well on his farm. If he
has never trie'd' to grow it he should
make plans at once to get it started in
this orchard. Alfalfa is the first thing
in the Spring to make a green bite, and
as it takes nearly two months for rape
to get large enough to turn into, much
time would be lost waiting for it. Al¬
falfa will be ready as soon as it is warm
and dry enough to turn stock out. Rape
is a surface feeder, and requires lots of
moisture or it will not produce a profit¬
able crop. Alfalfa, on the other hand,
sends its roots deep in the soil for mois¬
ture, and docs not depend so much on
the amount of rainfall. It would have
been much easier to secure good stands
of both rape and Alfalfa if this land had
been plowed last Fall. Rape seed is
very small and a good seed bed should
• be made for it; as it requires only three
pounds to the . acre every seed should
grow. The seed costs about eight cents
a pound. I have had no personal experi¬
ence with vetch, but from reports that
come from those, who have tried it it
seems as though rape would be much
more profitable. Vetch seems to be hard¬
er to get started than does Alfalfa. It
requires about a bushel of seed to the
acre, costing from 10 to 12 cents per
pound. If this orchard is like the ma¬
jority of orchards in this vicinity it
would pay P. A. W. a big interest on
the cost to have the trees thoroughly
trimmed so as to let the sunlight in.
By following the method outlined above
he would not be able to pasture the one-
half acre of Alfalfa this season, but by
sowing barley at the rate of three pecks
to the acre he could harvest enough to
pay all costs. There seems to be quite
a prejudice as to pasturing Alfalfa, but
with a good ring or two in every pig’s
nose and the lot not pastured too close
it will do no harm. c. i. hunt.
PARASITES IN HORSES.
I see in the “Ailing Aninial" column a
man in Maine wishes to know how to cure
worms and hots ; I can give you a cure
for hots. It is a very simple recipe,
but it is effectual. We had a mare that
had the hot colic, and thought a number
of times she would not live through it. My
uncle is a veterinarian and he told us to
drench daily for three days with strong
sourlcraut juice, one quart daily, and if one
application does not seem a sufficient cure,
repeat as often as needed. Feed just the
same as before. v. w. b.
Ohio.
It is a well-known fact that hots in the
stomach of a horse do not cause colic. In
a very few instances one of the two va¬
rieties of hots may occasion discomfort when
they are passing from the intestine and
happen to hook on to the lining membrane
of the rectum. It also is a very well-known
fact that no medicine can safely be given
by the mouth that will destroy hots in the
stomach without also killing the horse. We
have seen hots live for many days in a
strong solution of formaldehyde and abso¬
lute alcohol does not kill them quickly. It
is just possible that hots may be given
dyspepsia or indigestion or caused to faint
and let go their hold. If anything could
cause such effects it surely would be sour-
kraut juice! This is a new one. Iloch der
cabbage ! : a. s. a.
Weaning Foal.
I have a mare with colt 4% months old.
The mare is getting very poor, and the colt
Is growing well. The colt eats everything ;
I would like to wean it on account of the
mare getting .thin, but she has plenty of
milk yet. Would it hurt to wean the colt?
I feed my mare cotton-seed meal, dried brew¬
ers’ grains and cob corn. Do you think
dried brewers’ grains good for a colt?
New Jersey. s. B.
It would be best to lessen the milk flow
before weaning the foal. Stop feeding the
cotton-seed meal and brewers’ grains to the
mare. Substitute whole oats and a little
corn along with hay. Let her run out doors
as much as possible and work her daily.
When the milk lessens wean the foal at
once and be done with it. Then strip the
milk away partially two or three times a
day, as long as found necessary, and rub the
udder with camphorated oil at same time.
Feed the foal on oats, four parts ; bran, one
part ; dried brewers’ grains, one-quarter
part along with mixed hay. a. s. a.
Paralysis,
I have a thoroughbred Shopshire ram 16
months old, which has been running on a
clover pasture with about 20 others. About
seven weeks ago lie became weak in his
hind legs. After a short time he began
using his hind legs again, and became
weak in front legs. Now he cannot stand
at all, but crawls along on the ground. I
have been feeding the flock a grain ration
of eight quarts of oats and one quart of
wheat once a day. lie eats and drinks and
seems perfectly well in every other way.
Do you think he will get well? What can
I do to help him? o. M. D.
Michigan.
It is improbable that the ram will re¬
cover at the present stage, but timely treat¬
ment have prevented complete paralysis.
We are unable to state what has caused the
condition. It sometimes is induced by con¬
stipation and the irritation of intestinal
parasites. Pressure upon the spinal cord
would be an even more likely cause.
Thriftless Pig.
I have a hog about seven mouths old;
when about two months old it would fall or
sit down and squeal as though in severe
pain. It still has those spells ; will fall
down and squeal very loud and sharp. Its
back is humped up. It does not grow or do
well ; it is not half as large as its mate of
the same litter, but it seems to eat well.
Can you give me any information what to
do for it? D. o. s.
Pennsylvania.
We suspect that the pig has rickets, in
which condition the bones lack the proper
proportion of mineral matter. It will not
be likely to prove a profitable animal.
Give it a teaspoonful of turpentine in slop
each morning for five days and repeat the
following weak. Feed on slop made of
middlings, cornmeal, bran, ground (sereened)
oats, and 10 per cent of digester tankage.
Once daily leave out the tankage and mix
limewater with the slop at rate of one
ounce per quart. Allow free access to salt,
wood ashes, charcoal and slaked lime.
A. s. A.
Bryan’s Colic Remedy for Horses.
.will relieve the most obstinate ease of colic within
one hour. Price $1.2:1 per bottle, by mail, in the
United States or Canada
BRYAN DRUG CO., Chatham, N. J,
DOGS
Collie Pups
Cl-OVERNOOK
— GOLDEN SABLE, grandsons of
Ch. Squire of Tytton, $7.00 each.
Stock Farm, Cliambersburg, Pa.
SCOTCH COLI.IKS, Spayed Females, two to
eightmos. Circ. SILAS DECKER. Montrose Pa.
PHI I IF P||PC— From imported stock. Females
uULLIL lUrO cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
S3EIEEF : : : |
Woodland Dorsets
Woodland Dorsets have been sold into practically
every State in the Union, and are giving satisfac¬
tion. I can spare fifty head of splendid ewes, all
of them bred to a very fine ram.
CHAS. B. WING, Mechanicsburg, Ohio.
IHROPSHIRES
•reeding right
— 100 yearling ewes; 40
_ yearling rams. Price and
FRED VAX FLEET. LODI. N.Y.
2
Horses
and Mules
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Perclieron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from $300 up, mares
from $400 up. Address all correspondence to
O. N. WILSON, Kittanning, Pa.
KENTUCKY MAMMOTH JACKS, JEN-
NETS and SADDLE HORSES.
We are the Largest Breeders in America of Mam¬
moth Jacks. Hampshire and Tam worth hogs. Stock
of all ages for sale. J. F. COOK 8 CO., Lexington, Ky.
For Sale or Exchange-?*^"!
old JACK, nose and breast mouse color, 1514 hands
high; weighs about 9f>0 lbs. Will sell or exchange
for registered Holstein cattle or registered Shet¬
land pony mares, or Pereheron stallion.
S. H. ROBISON, 814 Walnut St., Philadelphia.
SHETLAND
PONIES
free. BELLE MEADE
Unceasing source of pleasure
and robust health to children.
Ideal playmates. Safe. Inex¬
pensive to keep. Stallions and
mares for breeding. Complete
outfits. Illustrated catalog
FARM, DEPT. S, MARKHAM. VA.
PIT Pereheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
DU at farmers' prices. A. W. GREEN, Route],
Middlefield. O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Penna. R.R. 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
THE PERCHERON SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Has just increased its capital stock to
$100,000. 10,000 shares of $10 each. 3,000
shareholders, Nov. 28, 1910. 100 breeders
have taken membership since Dec. 1st.
Ninety-five per cent of the Pereheron
breeders of America record with the
Pereheron Society. * * * * *
Information pertaining Perelierons furnished. Address
WAYNE DINSMORE, Secretary,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill.
February li,
DAIRY CA.TTLE
LEARN ABOUT THE GUERNSEY COW
Highest Class of Dairy Products
EXCELLING IN
Natural Color and Good Flavor
Get the Guernsey Breeders * Journal
ONE YEAR FOR $1.00
(With Rural New Yorker , only $1.50)
General information about this Breed, so rapidly advanc¬
ing in popular favor, by Addressing
The American Guernsey Cattle Club
Box R. . rETERBORO, N. H.
BWfi HOLSTEINS
are hied for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young hulls for sale: no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
To Avoid Inbreeding, We Will Sell Our
HKRI) HULL
AMERICA BE KOL BURKE.
A great son of the great. Do Kol Burke. It Will
pay you to come and sec him. Write for pedigree.
Also, four months Bull Calf for sale
< LOVEHl»ALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C, S. Hunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated. Descriptive Booklets Free
HOL.STEI N-FR1 ESI AN ASS’N OF AMERICA
F.L.HOUGHTO N.S EC Y.BOX 105. BRATTLE BORO. VT.
kn5o°w dt°h «°t Fern’s Jubilee No. 73852
A. J. (J. G’., is one of the best "butter bred” hulls
in the world, investigate. Then order one of his.
young sons before it is too late. Nothing over three
months old on hand at present. Address
J. GRANT MORSE, -:- Laurel Farm, -:- Hamilton, N. Y.
Breed Up— Not Down foTycaB„uUmvto8
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. R. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Mtllr Prnrhrrprc ,or New ^ork city market
1M11IY riUUULCl* desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville, N. Y.
MAPLE HURST STOCK FARMS, Guilford, Conn., offer lor
sale 4 Jersey Bull Calves eligible for registry,
7 Guernsey Bull Calves eligible to registry. Jer-
seys headed by Hood Fa rmPogls, Guernseys headed
by Imported Fantine’s Zac Taylor. Splendid
specimens of both breeds. Four magnificent Berk¬
shire Boar Pigs eligible to registry. Sired by Hood
Farm Rex and dam Hood Farm Dimih. Also 20
8 weeks old Chester White Pigs. One II months
old Chester White Boar. 20 single and double
comb It. I. Red Cockerels, Tuttle strain. The
above stock is guaranteed and the price is right.
DAIRY CALVES— Several choice high-grade Holstein
and Guernsey Bull Calves. 3 to 4 weeks old, $15
each, crated to ship anywhere. Also registered
bulls of each breed. Edgewold Farm, Whitewater. Wis.
When you write advertisers mention Tub
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 10.
: ss ~\7szr x j\t 3H
v » - - • •«*-« . ..... - J
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
... AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N.Y
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-in
*■* each of t lie last three volumes of American Berkshire Keconl
we sold and registered more BerkMiires than any other breeder
in the United States. The large proportion went to old custom,
ers. This speaks for itself. II.C. & li.lt. liarpendin^ Dundee, N.Y-
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. ^fij
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON. Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
A BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PIG given for a
-* ' few hours of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PENNA. BERKSHIRE CIO., Fannettsburg, Pa,
PUBLIC SALE OF
CHESHIRE SWINE
THE NEW YORK STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
AT ITHACA, N. Y„ will sell about
Thirty Young Boars, Sows and Bred Sows
from its prize-winning herd on
FRIDAY of FARMERS’ WEEK, Feb. 24th
At 2 o’clock P. M.
Also, at the same time and place,
5 Holstein Cows & Heifers and 5 Bull Calves
from A. It. O. stock, and
Three Jersey Bull Caives
Catalogue ready Foh. 10th. Address
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. ITHACA, N. Y.
CHELD0N FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
v Bred Sows. Service Boars Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES. Oxford, N. Y.
nKIRHPQ THE KIG, DEEP FELLOWS
UUnUUO that grow and mature quickly.
Pigs an.i Gilts for sale at all times.
SHENANGO RIVER FARMS, Transfer, Pa.
CUNNY BANK FARM BERK3HIRES for Sale. Choice fall
0 Pigs, both sexes; three service Boars. A few
bred Sows. Price's reasonable. Registration free.
A. F. JONES, Box 117, Bridgehampton, L. 1.
DAIRY CA.TTDE
A THOROUGHBRED GUERNSEY BULL CALF for sale at a
H bargain. Write for particulars to W. I. LIN¬
COLN ADAMS, 135 West 14th St., New York, N.Y.
GUERNSEY BULLS For SALE
If you wish to purchase a high-class Guernsey
Bull of good Adv. It. breeding, write to
OTTO W. lJOST, Knsknoke, N. Y.
1CD0CVP — Combination and Golden Lad; for
1 L ft 1 1 1 1 1 1 sale, 2 cows, 7 heifers, 3 bulls.
Ji.llUU 1 S. E. NIVTN. Landenburg, Pa.
Guernsey Gulls
Two-year-old and yearling registered and tested
Bulls for Sale, out of advanced registered parents.
Now is the time to get a good herd header reason¬
able HI LLHUltST FARM, Orchard Park, N.Y,
Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
Wo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1 800,
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
100 Lbs.
TRADE
MARK
AJAX FLAKES
THIS valuable distillers’ grain
contains about 31% protein,
13% fat. It is twice as strong as
bran. You cannot make milk
.economically if you use bran.
One pound of AJAX FLAKES
does the work of two pounds of
bran, and saves $14.00 per ton.
AJAX FLAKES
holds hundreds of official records and
many world’s records. It is used and
recommended by Cornell Agricultural
College, Pennsylvania State College
and prominent breeders. You should
lay in your supply now.
Send for Feeders' Hand Book with
tables and feeding instructions.
BEWARE OF IMITATIONS
CHAPIN & CO. . Seneca & Main Sts., T Buffalo, N.Y.
Registered
D.S.Pff.OiT.
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS
Protein 31-33V*
Tp * -1 4%
Carbohydrates 30-40%
Fibre 12-14%
\
1911.
arguments for the guernsey cow.
I do not wish to discriminate against
any breed of cattle. All breeds are
right if properly handled and cared for.
Select the breed which is properly
adapted for your trade and locality,
and then stick to them. Many breeders
of dairy cattle are disputing over beauty
and utility, whether we can have the
two combined into one animal. In look¬
ing over any score card you will notice
the first point mentioned, which is gen¬
eral appearance. When you go into a
man’s herd the first thing you will no¬
tice is the general appearance of the
herd, which will leave an impression
that will long be remembered. Then
there comes the productive ability of
the dairy animal, which in these times
when feed is high is a great item to
the dairyman, who must, rely upon what
his cows produce at the pail ; to take
this feed and convert it into the right
kind of a product. These are the great
factors of the dairy business, and I can
do no better than by introducing to you
the Guernsey. I will give you some of
the reasons why I believe that in this
particular breed we have everything em¬
bodied that goes towards making them
the great breed of dairy cattle for the
American dairyman. Note the general
appearance of the Guernsey cow and you
will find her a rich-looking, deep-bodied,
sizeable cow with an expression that will
please every lover of good cattle. You
will also find her an animal easily con¬
tented, free from nervousness of move¬
ment and behavior. I have never in all
my experience had the least trouble in
keeping bulls of this breed under per¬
fect control and easily broken for work
in tread-power, cart or in whatever way
you may choose to work them. In this
way they can be kept for service up to
an age when a bull is at his best, say
from five to 10 years of age. I have
yet to see a Guernsey bull led into
the show ring or public sale when it
was necessary to have more than one at¬
tendant, and yet I have seen bulls of
other breeds where it required two and
three men with extra fastenings to bring
them out before the judge and the pub¬
lic. Just the other day I had a well-
known breeder of Jersey cattle make the
remark, after I had led out the Guern¬
sey bull Skeezicks, that lie would like
to see me take out a like representative
of his breed. Getting back again to the
general appearance I will state that in
my estimation nothing looks finer, es¬
pecially when on pasture, than a herd
of Guernseys; the prevailing color of
the Guernsey is a rich yellow fawn with
more or less white markings, most of
them having a white triangle on the
forehead.
In every branch of agriculture we
find men trying to work out plans
whereby the production can be in¬
creased ; and in a great many instances
we find that after they have labored
many years, having acquired these re¬
sults, they have lost sight of the quality,
and the results are that the farmer has
to fall back to that which he raised
years ago. I remember attending a
corn show where one man succeeded in
raising 140 bushels of fine large ears
per acre. He was almost certain of
capturing first prize, when to his dis¬
appointment the judge placed ahead of
his a little ear which showed quality,
and which I understood produced only
96 bushels per acre. So it is in these
times when people are more and more
appreciating an article of good quality
in the way of dairy products, and it is
right here where everyone must admit
who has seen the quality of the Guern¬
sey product that it cannot be excelled.
This the cow shows in the marked yel¬
lowness of the skin, which is more
strikingly developed on the inside of the
ear, around the eye, at the base of the
horn and at the end of the bone of the
tail, inclining to orange on the udder,
TH E RURAL NEW-YORKER
173
teats and hoofs, which she gently dis¬
places into her product without any ex¬
tra expense to her owner.
At present we are milking 40 cows,
separating milk and selling the cream
at 50 cents per quart put into fibre cans.
We also make some butter which sells
at 50 cents per pound the year around,
and to which we add no coloring matter
at any time. While manager of the
Helendale Farms, Wisconsin, we had
some of the Guernsey butter entered for
scoring at the National Dairy Show,
which was marked as the oleo people
now have to do “uncolored.” When the
judges came to this package they had
samples sent to the chemist to see
whether they might not detect some
form of butter color.
The Guernsey was the first cow to pro¬
duce over 1,000 pounds of butter.
This record was made by Yeksa Sun¬
beam while being cared for by the writer.
We have recently completed a record
with the four-y^ar-old cow Honor
Bright, who milked 12,674 pounds milk
and 694.64 pounds fat, equal to 810
pounds of commercial butter. This is
the largest record of any cow of any
breed in the State of Ohio, and also
places her at the head of the four-year-
old class for Guernsey cattle. The Ad-
( Continued on next page.)
The Right Paint
For This Spring
You can’t afford to let your
house stand exposed till oil drops in
price. The way things look now,
the buildings would be paint-hungry
before that time comes.
Get the cost of 100 pounds " Dutch Boy
Painter” White Lead, 4 gallons pure linseed
oil. 1 gallon turpentine. 1 pint turpentine
drier — this makes 8 gallons of pure white lead
paint. Divide by 8 for the price per gallon and
compare this with the price of any other paint
you’d think of using.
You’ll find that the best is the cheapest; also
that, after all. the increase in the cost of “ Dutch
Boy Painter” White Lead made- to - order
paint is trifling.
Write for our free "Helps No. i08 ”
It answers all paint questions.
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
An office in each of the following cities:
New York Boston Buffalo Cincinnati Chicaeo
Cleveland St. Louis San Francisco
(John T. Lewis A Bros. Company, Philadelphia)
(National Lead A Oil Company, Pittsburgh)
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runs easy r v— — ja. - ... _ saws nows
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BY OXF. MAS. It’s KING OF THE WOODS. Saves money and
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Folding Sawing Mach. Co. 158 E- Harrison St., Chicago, 111.
Shall we
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you a
Free
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about
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WOOD SAWS?
It 6hows pictures of all our styles. Tells
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you pick out exactly the saw you want
whether it be for cord wood , poles or logs.
You will also be interested In our portable
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Also ask for our free general catalogue
about corn shellers, manure spreaders,
windmills, etc. Send for the catalogue
now while you think of it.
Appleton Mfg, Co.
ONCE upon a time it may have been
necessary to pay a high price for a good name on a farm
implement, but those days are past. Our purchase of the
great David Bradley plant put the price question on a
business basis.
C. Business , to us, is not a matter of taking all we can get
and giving as little as possible — it’s our idea to give all we
can , because we know by experience in dealing with farmers
that the more we give in valuey the more we get in volume.
HERE’S AN EXAMPLE:
David Bradley
X-Rays No. 2
Sulky Plow - - Complet#
*29=
Even if other manu¬
facturers knew how
to make as good a
plow, they couldn’t
do it, because the fea¬
tures which make the
David Bradley
X-Rays No. 2 the
best of all sulky
plows are patented,
and these patents
owned exclusively by
us. No one can equal
the X-Rays No. 2.
ground; suction of share holds It there. For
tide hill work it can’t be beat, because furrow
wheels can be adjusted from the seat with team
in motion.
Bradley Patent Spring Clevis lightens all jars;
makes It easier for plow, man and team.
Your horses’ shoulders never sore.
Bottoms. The celebrated David Bradley Gar¬
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years’ test. Any size or shape you need.
These are but a few of the many advantages of
the X-Rays No. 2 over all others.
Frame is heavy %-lnch steel; can’t spring in
hardest ground.
Strong high wheels; 9-lnch bearing Bradley
patent dustproof magazine hubs- One oiling
does for 40 acres.
High Foot Lift. The slightest tread of any boy
old enough to drive raises plow point 7 Inches
from ground with team at a standstill.
Short Hitch. Team coupled up close; no side
draft. Turns square comers either way, plow
In or out of ground.
The best plow for stony ground. Bottom can be
left to float and dodge; need not be locked in
C Refer to our big General Catalog for pictures, complete
descriptions and prices of David Bradley Plows, Harrows,
Planters, Cultivators, etc., the farm tools backed by eighty
years of knowing how; or send today for our Book of David
Bradley Farm Implements.
We can always supply promptly any repair part for any Bradley
implement, no matter when or where bought.
- SEARS.R0EBUCRtoo -
Square Standard Means Square Deal.
The Le Roy Plow Co., Le Roy, N. Y., have built up a
wonderful reputation on a wonderful Walking
Plow. Now to meet the almost universal demand for
Riding Plows, this Company has worked its
special plow experts overtime and the Result is
the most perfect, practical. Riding Plow
offered to the practical farmer. Easy and con¬
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are east iron) Patent Square Steel Jointer
Standards — Chilled Iron or Steel Bot¬
toms, best of all Easy Draft and Easy
•o Operate, the same as the big- line of
Le Roy Walking Plows. Ask for our
1911 catalogue.
You usually can find them with your
best dealers.
|*| LE ROY PLOW CO., Le Roy, N. Y.
tk’XXZZ
Protein
is the food element which produces flesh, blood, skin, hair, wool,, casein of
milk and albumen of eggs, all of which determine the value of your stock.
Its content of Protein must therefore determine the real worth of any
concentrated food. Home-grown products lack the proper amount of
Protein, which means that your stock may get all they auant to eat and still
not do as avell as they should. Supplement your feeding with
Sherwin-Williams Linseed Meal
which is guaranteed to contain
not less than 33% Protein. It is
so well and honestly made that it
invariably tests out from 1% to 3
points over the guarantee. A
report just received from Purdue
Universityshowsover38% Protein.
It is always fresh, rich and
palatable.
Our free booklet contains expressions
from the best authorities on the feeding
value of Linseed Meal. Write for it
now.
address:
The Sherwin-Williams Co
LINSEED OIL DEPARTMENT
658 CANAL RD., CLEVELAND, O.
174
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Arguments for the Guernsey Cow.
(Continued from page 173.)
vance Registry of Guernseys consists of
1,112 cows with an average of 8,051.20
pounds milk, 409.75 pounds fat; average
fat 5.121. In the great Iowa dairy cow
contest the cow Dairymaid of Pine-
hurst won the honors for the best pro¬
ducing cow of any breed, making as a
three-year-old 14,562 pounds milk and
860.26 pounds butter fat. In the Wis¬
consin cow contest the three-year-old
Guernsey Matinee Girl won first honors
for the month of October, having to
her credit 68.041 pounds fat. At the
Pan-American model breed test, the only
test ever held of its kind where all
breeds were represented, the Guernsey
herd showed the greatest net profit in
production of butter fat and churned
butter. The Guernsey cow Mary Mar-
range. Our brooder houses are in a
seven-acre orchard. After they go on
free range they are put on hopper and
are hopper-fed until they are put in
the henhouse in the latter part of Oc¬
tober. The roosters which we do not
want to sell for breeders are put on the
commission markets when they weigh a
pound or a pound and a half.
The pullets are housed about October
20 in our long laying house, which has
23 rooms 15 feet square. The floors
are covered with straw eight or 10
inches deep. There is a droppings board
under' the roosts which is cleaned once
per week, and the floors once about
every six weeks in the Winter and not
so often in the Summer.
Our methods of feeding the laying
stock are the following: One quart of
wheat to 50 hens in the morning scat¬
tered in the litter, the same amount of
THE HEAD OF AN OHIO GUERNSEY HERD. Fig. 56.
shall made the greatest profit of any
cow of any breed in production of but¬
ter fat and churned butter. When I
look back and see the advancement that
has been made in the past few years,
and the steady demand we have for this
particular breed, I look for a great fu¬
ture. Every farmer who will use a good
purebred bull to grade up his herd will
never regret it. In conclusion I want
to state that I would not advise anyone
to get purebred cattle before he knows
how to take care of them properly. Be¬
gin by grading up your herd, and I will
guarantee that you never got as much
enjoyment out of any one thing as to
see the wonderful improvement you can
make in your native cows, after which it
is all right that a man should get a few
females. chas. h. drissen.
Ohio. Supt. Chestnut Hlil Farm.
THAT WEST VIRGINIA POULTRY PLANT.
On the first page Mr. Angevine tells us
about the Willow Wall Poultry Farm. This
is a peculiar plant in many respects, and
we asked Mr. McNeill for a few more de¬
tails. lie gives them in the following ar¬
ticle.
We started into the poultry business
in 1905 with 220 eggs from C. H.
Wyckoff, and raised 30 pullets from
these, and there we laid the foundation
of our own line-bred strain. We have
built up from year to year until we have
been wintering the last few Winters
1600 to 1700 hens. We start our in¬
cubators the 10th of March. We have
a machine with a combined capacity of
3,000 eggs. This gives us our first
batch on the first of April and the sec¬
ond the 25th. This gives us our chick¬
ens early, and we can get them to laying
early in the Fall. After our chicks are
hatched they are put in brooders of our
own make three feet square, which are
put in brooder houses 6x6 feet, five feet
high in front and three feet high in the
back. The brooders are covered with
oat straw chaff (wheat chaff not being
used on account of the beards getting
in the chicks' eyes). The brooders are
heated with a kerosene lamp to a tem¬
perature of 90 to 100 degrees, and each
brooder is supplied with a pan of fine
grit, which is their first meal, and noth¬
ing else is given until the following day,
when bread crumbs and water are given.
They are fed exclusively on bread
crumbs until they get to eating well, that
is for four or. five meals. The feed is
then changed to chick food prepared by
ourselves, which consists of 50% wheat,
30% corn, 10% oatmeal, 8% beef scraps
and 2% grit. They are fed five times
per day until they are two weeks old,
when they are fed only twice per day,
the chick food being given only morn¬
ing and evening and sprouted oats at
noon. They are confined in a small yard
constructed of one-inch mesh wire two
feet high until they begin to fly out,
which is when they are three to four
weeks old; they are then turned on free
corn in the evening fed in like manner.
We keep a ground mash before them
all the time, which consists of corn,
wheat and oats ground together pretty
fine, the same amount of each being
used. Beef scraps, charcoal, grit, oyster-
shells and fresh pure water are kept
constantly before them. Green food is
fed at noon, such as sprouted oats, tur¬
nips with green tops, cabbage or any
succulent food. Dampened Alfalfa is
kept before them also. d. b. m'neiix.
Why Don’t You
Use
ROOFING .
It Needs No
Painting !**
EVERYTHING about Amatite ap¬
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sense. He can see its superiority
at once— the real mineral surface
which never needs painting; the two
layers of Pitch which is the only
imperishable waterproofing known;
the two layers of heavy Tarred Felt
—all these contribute to the pop¬
ularity of Amatite.
We can make Amatite better and
cheaper than anyone else on account
of our greater facilities, and conse¬
quently we sell it at a surprisingly
low figure.
Simply the fact that it needs no
painting is enough to make a man
sit up and take notice — especially
the man who has spent dollars and
days in painting and repainting his
smooth surfaced roofings.
Write to-day for free sample and
booklet to nearest office.
arrett Manufacturing Co.
New York. Chicago, Philadelphia,
Boston, Cincinnati, Minneapolis,
leveland, Pittsburg. New
Orleans, Kansas City,
SG Ixmis.
Seattle.
February 11,
■
About This Cow
“ Dolly Dimple ”, champion Guern¬
sey Cow at 3 % years, owned by F.
Lathrop Ames, Langwater Farms,
Forth Easton, Mass. Year's record
18458 lbs. Milk, 906-89 lbs. Fat. Ration
included 2537 lbs. of Dried Beet Pulp.
Are You Turning All Your
Ration Into Profits?
ORDINARY ration clogs in the cow’s Dried Beet Pulp is simply our native Sugar
stomach — some of it never makes milk. Beet, only sugar and water extracted, succu-
Dried Beet Pulp, fed with it, loosens lent and palatable. A customer writes: “It
it up, increases milk the first week, 10 per is all you claim and more— increased milk 14
cent in three weeks. per cent — cost of feed remains the same. ’ ’
We Make It Easy For You To Try
Co to your dealer, show him this advertisement, tell him you
want to try a sack of Dried Beet Pulp at our risk. Insist
Feeil one sack, mixing the Dried Beet Pulp with a properly
balanced grain ration. If the cow selected does not give
more milk, we authorize the dealer to return to you in full
your purchase money, and we will in turn refund to him.
You will deal with the man you know and you alone will
decide. If you want more information, write at once for
To Dealers Everywhere East Of The
Mississippi River Except In States
Of Wisconsin and Michigan
You are authorized to sell to any dairyman who will agree
to give the feed a fair honest trial, one sack of our Dried
Beet Pulp and to guarantee to refund the purchase price if
after the dairyman has fed it to one cow for three weeks the
cow has not increased her milk production; we will reimburse
you for your expenditure. If you do not carry Dried Beet
Pulp in stock, write us quickly for our proposition. Please
mention this paper.
our fine free book. “Feeding for Larger Profits.”
THE LARROWE MILLING CO. 622 Ford Building, Detroit, Michigan
En^n'eS-KEROSENE
For Farm, Shop and Home
Runs perfectly on kerosene, gasoline,
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Ball bearing governoi
Starts instantly, no
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Experience unneces
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skids or trucks Vib- / ^
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No obligation till satis*
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EL, LIS ENGINE C07
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DAIRY SUPPLIES
Equipping dairies, large and small, with the
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References furnished. Write us to-day.
WISNER MFG. CO.. Established 1839
230 -A Greenwich St., NEW YORK CITY
Death the Stomach
Worms Guaranteed
"We will Bend you 100 lbs. of RH.
HOLLAND'S MEDICATED STOCK
SALT on 60 days’ trial freight
prepaid. If you derive no benefit,
It costs you nothing; if you do, it
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The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio.
Your FATHERS
uncles, older brothers and
MAYBE YOU
sawourad.intheseculiimns
Twenty Odd Years Ago
bought the CHARTER and it
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Want our Catalog’ State
Power needs.
Gasoline. Kerosene, etc.
Charter Gas Engine Co., P. 0. Box 2G, Sterling, III., U.S. A
AIR
COOLED
FOR ALL WORK
THE BEST FARM POWER
Marathon, N. Y„ Feb. 18, 1910.
Gentlemen: — Threshed 48 bus. Buckwheat per hour. Started
easy last winter, temperature 15° below zero. George H. Guy.
GET CATALOG NO. 5.
14 0 SIIERIDAN
S T It E E T
IT WILL DO IT FOR YOU.
TkiNtw-WayHoTCR Company
LAMStKG, tflCMGA*. U.S.A.
GALLOWAY
YOU
$50 to $300
SAVE from $50 to $300 by buying your gasoline engine of 1% to 28-H.-P. froiD
a real engine factory. Save dealer, jobber and catalogue house profit. No such offer
as I make on the class of engine I sell has ever been made before in all Gasoline Engine
history. Here is the secret and reason : 1 turn them out all alike by the thousands in my
enormous modern factory, equipped with automatic machinery. I sell them direct to you
for less money than some factories can make them at actual shop cost.
All you pay me for is actual raw material, labor and one small profit (and I buy my
material :n enormous quantities).
Anybody can afford and might just as well have a high grade engine when he
can get in on a wholesale deal of this kind. I’m doing something that never was
done before. Think of it 1 A price to you that is lower than dealers and
jobbers can buy similar engines for, in carload lots, for spot cash.
An engine that is made so good in the factory that I will send
it out anywhere in the U. S. without an expert to any inexperienced
users, on 30 days’ free trial, to test against any engine made of
similar horse-power that sells for twice as much, and let him
be the judge. Sell your poorest horse and buy a
Only $119.50
Get Galloway's
and Best
BOOK
GASOLINE
ENGINE
Write today for my beautiful new 50-page Engine Book in four
colors, nothing like it ever printed before, full of valuable information,
showing how I make them and how you can make more money with a
gasoline engine on the farm. Write me —
Wm. Galloway, Pres., Wm. Galloway Co.
QBS Galloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
176
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a souare deal." See guarantee page 10.
Genasco
Ready Roofing
Put it on the roof of all your
buildings, and you’ll have peace
of mind, comfort, satisfaction,
and economy ; you’ll have abso¬
lute and lasting weather-protec¬
tion.
Genasco is made of Trinidad Lake
asphalt — the natural and only perfect
waterproofer.
The Kant-leak Kleet keeps seams
waterproof without cement. Supplied
with Genasco, when specified.
Ask your dealer for Genasco, and be sure to
look for the trademark. Mineral or smooth
surface. A written guarantee, if you want it.
Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide
Book.
THE BARBER ASPHALT
PAVING COMPANY
Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready-roofing in the world.
PHILADELPHIA
New York San Francisco Chicago
Cross-section, Genasco Stone-surface Roofing
ggpyseg Gravel
■—————■I— Trinidad Lake Asphalt
fe'==i,=i=.'==.‘=L=.=k Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
IMBiMMBMBWWMBjj Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
rDI IMQ'C IMPROVED
V^KUmOd WARRINER
STANCHION
H. A. Moyer, Syracuse,
N. Y., says “ they
SAVE COST
in feed in one winter.”
Send address for speci¬
fications of inexpensive
yet sanitary cow stable to
WALLACE 11. CRUMB, Box M2, Forestvllle, Conn,
COW COMFORT
Means additional profit. Simple,
durable, easily locked. Foster
Steel Stanchion* cannot bo
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬
tom chains permit free head move¬
ment, standing or lying down, yet
keep cattle lined up and clean.
Write for new booklet showing
model stables.
Foster Steel Stanchion Co.,
906 Ins. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.
EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION
Warranted The Best. 30 Days’ Triag
Unlike all others. Stationary when open
Noiseless Simple Sanitary Durable
The Wasson Stanchion Co.,
Box 60, -t- Cuba, N. Y.
ROBERTSON’S C II AIN
HANGING STANCHIONS
“I have used them for more
than TWENTY YEA US, and they
have given the very best of satis¬
faction In every way,” write*
Justus H. Cooley, M.I>., Plainfield
Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J.
Thirty days* trial on application
©. II. KOBERTSON
Wash. St., Forest vl I Jet Conn.
N^EELB ARROW LABOR
Sows evenly. No need \Jr SEED
to wait for quiet day. ^
Sows Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Millet, Turnip, etc.
Two sizes: H ft. and 16 ft. Auger feed. Wood frame. Satis¬
faction guaranteed. Prompt shipment. If your dealer
doesnot handle the “STAR” write us for booklet.
STAR SEEDER CO., Box R, Shortsville, N. Y.
It Will Please You
because of its long wearing qualities, its modern
and sanitary construction ana its superior finish,
these wagons forma strong contrast to the ordi-
nary delivery outfits owing to their individual
style and pleasing appearance. A new catalogue
illustrating and describing our modern, sanitary
unlk wagons will he mailed on request. Address
the parsons wagon CO.,
Daibx Dept. Earlville, N. T.
MILK..
New York exchange price is $1.81 per
40-quart can, netting 3% cents to shippers
in 26-cent freight zone who have no addi¬
tional station charges.
Nearly all milk is sold through dealers;
price paid to producer 15 cents per gallon,
retail price from wagon, seven cents per
quart, four cents per pint. Some few
peddle their own milk. Cream is furnished
confectioners and ice cream manufacturers
. t 40 to 60 cents per gallon, delivered, ac¬
cording to per cent of cream. r. l. r.
Lancaster, O.
In answer to E. M. R.’s recent inquiry
\ as to the practicability of milking ma¬
chines, I am pleased to state we have
operated two machines for about four
weeks, and pronounce them a grand suc¬
cess ; one man operating two machines can
easily milk 20 heavy milkers in an hour.
The cows take to the machines readily,
and we believe do the work better than
the average man would do the old way.
Eden, N. Y. h. a. b.
Retail price of milk is eight cents per
quart, the year around. Producers get an
average of 12 cents per gallon wholesale.
Perhaps half of retailers produce their own
supply, the rest buy from farmers. My
observations lead to the conclusion that
the retailer has much the best of it. Poul¬
try varies so with the season that no quo¬
tation would stand for more than one week.
Early broilers wholesale at 25 cents per
pound, live weight, and scale down as
the season advances to as low as 12 cents
live weight for fowls. J. A. H.
Mingo Junction, O.
In Lancaster milk is supplied by dairy¬
men and farmers who deliver direct to con¬
sumers at six to seven cents per quart.
Some dairymen buy from their neighbors
when they do not have enough to supply
their trade; they pay 12 cents per gallon
in Summer and 15 cents in Winter. Price
of butter, 26 cents ; eggs, 25 cents ; chickens,
10 cents ; apples, $1 to $2 per bushel, de¬
livered at store ; potatoes, 70 cents ; hay,
$15 per ton. A good deal of spraying was
done here last year, but most of the fruit
was killed by late frosts. Lancaster has a
population of something over 13,000 ; is the
country seat of Fairfield County. Land
here is high, from $50 to $150 per acre.
Lancaster, O. j. c. H.
Most of the milk produced in Tuscarawas
County is consumed in our several towns
of New Philadelphia, Canal Dover, Denni¬
son and Uhrichsville, which have a combined
population of 22,000. Part of this milk
is sold by the producers and part by ped¬
dlers, who buy direct from the producer. It
is now retailing at seven cents per quart ;
the wholesale price varies from 12 cents to
15 cents per gallon. There is considerable
Swiss cheese manufactured, but not as much
as a few years since. The price they re¬
ceived at the cheeseries was based on
the price the cheese sold for. Hence the
price varied from $1 per hundred pounds to
$1.20. Recently there has developed quite
a trade in cream. It is mostly shipped to a
Columbus creamery, the price of cream is
fixed by the quotation from the Elgin Board
of Trade, and varies from 28 cents to 32
cents per pound of butter fat. A very small
amount of milk is shipped to outside cities.
New Philadelphia, Ohio. h. s. b.
The New York City Board of Health at
its meeting January 31 decided that after
Dec. 31, 1911, all milk and cream sold in
New York must be graded or pasteurized.
This is not to include, however, milk used
for cooking or manufacturing purposes. It is
the intent of the board that milk used for
the feeding of infants and children must
be certified, guaranteed or pasteurized un¬
der special regulations of the department
and must he sold only in bottles. This is
to be known as grade A. The B grade of
milk may be used by adults. It may be
sold in bottles or containers, but it must
not be dipped. It will include the A grade
and milk pasteurized under the depart-
inert’s ordinary -regulations. No milk in¬
ferior to this shall he sold for drinking
purposes. The supervision of the depart¬
ment is to be specially concentrated on
these two grades. The third or C grade
embraces all other milk complying with
department regulations and may be sold in
bottles or from cans.
lhis is not a dairy section, but devoted
to general farming. A very large portion
of the farmers keep mongrel stock of beef
varieties. Some milk is sold close to the
towns. The dealers pay from $1.25 to
$1.75 per 100 pounds on the farm, and the
consumer pays from five to seven eents a
quart. All our surplus milk is either made
into butter on the -farm or sold as cream
at so much a pound for. butter fat. The
local creamery pays 24 eents a pound for
butter fat and gets the cream. The Ohio
Dairy Co., of Toledo, is also buying cream ;
they pay more, but we have to take the
cream to the railroad station and pay
transportation to Toledo. Our own herd
consists mostly of I-Ierefords ; some give
lots of milk. We keep cows to improve
the farm and for beef, and if two cows do
not give a certain amount of milk and
butter we keep three, and get out ahead,
because the local markets do not want
Jersey calves or beeves for butchering, un¬
less they can buy them for about 25 per
cent less than good Ilerefords or other good
beef cattle. Land values are going up.
Land in Henry County is assessed for taxa¬
tion at $80 an acre on the average. It is
assessed the highest of any farm land in
Ohio. Land is selling at from $100 to
$180, according to improvements. Keep up
the good work of hitting the grafters.
Jewell, O. h. G. p.
Whitewood for Building.
I have on my place a lot of large
Whitewood trees (Liriodendron tulipifera).
Would this wood be suitable for the build¬
ing of chicken houses? I have a sawmill
only about 10 minutes away, where I could
have it cut in the necessary lumber. Or is
this wood more valuable for other purposes,
so It would pay to sell some and buy
other lumber? F. c. L.
Madison, Mass.
In our country this wood would be more
valuable for other purposes. It is used
for making rolling pins and light utensils.
We should sell the whitewood and buy
other lumber.
(No 5)
“MEN WHO KNOW”
USE THE
DE LAVAL
Cream Separator
Does it not mean a great deal to YOU, the prospective
buyer of a cream separator, that such men as
Gov. W. D. Hoard, publisher of Hoard’s Dairyman
Henry C. Wallace, publisher of Wallace’s Farmer
E. R. Shoemaker, editor of Kimball’s Dairy Farmer
Victor Lawson, publisher of the Chicago Daily News
T. T. Bacheller, publisher of the Northwestern Dairyman
, L. E. Holden, publisher of the Cleveland Plain Dealer
W. A. Shaw, publisher of the Texas Farmer
H. G. McMillan, publisher of the Farmer’s Tribune
/ . •
Geo. Booth, publisher of the Detroit News
Geo. Brumder, pres’t of the Germania Publishing Co.,
and many others like them, good dairy farmers as well as
leading editors and publishers, each of whom is possessed
of much personal experience and a thousand authoritative
sources of separator information, are among the 1,250,000
satisfied users of DE LAVAL Cream Separators?
The De Laval Separator Co.
166-167 Broadway 42 E. Madison Street Drumm & Sacramento Sts.
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO
173-177 William Street
MONTREAL ’
4 & 16 Princess Street
WINNIPEG
1016 Western Avenue
SEATTLE
/
)
t;
Trial
10 Days FREE
Freight Prepaid
Guaranteed 10 Years
Write today for free trial offer. 8ee howy ou can get
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tape. Sharpen all your farm tools, and If you send
it back I’ll pay the return freight too. ^
Luther Farm Special
Tool Grinder than' GRINDSTONE
Will Not Draw Temper From Steel
With the Luther Farm Special Qrlndertherelsno
need of cooling with water, or no danger of draw¬
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Genuine Caraorundum
the most wonderful sharpening substance the
world has ever known. But beware of Imitations
with high sounding names. Getthe Luther Grinder
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Write for Free TrialOffer
Answer this advertisement today and get particu¬
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story of Carborundum. Write today sure.
’ Luther Grinder Mfg. Go.. C. J. Luther, Prest..
630 Newton si. Milwaukee, Wis.
ixiir
HIRTUCUI JLNIl’C Cl ITCH Why Don't You Drain
run I nc LAIlU 5 oAllt That Farm of Your.?
You don’t need a Surveyor. Get a
Bostrom Improved Farm Level * £rdk yoursei"
THIS LEVEL IS NO MAKESHIFT. The outfit includes Level, Telescopa
with magnifying glasses enabling you to read the Target a quarter of a mUa
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TERRACING and IRRIGATING, with full instructions how to use the LeveL
Simplicity, Accuracy, Durability GUARANTEED. Used and endorsed In
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If not on sale in your town, order from
BOSTROM-BRADY MANUFACTURING CO.
323-A Brunswick Building' New York
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U.S. PATENT OFFICE.
*t*TILlZ6**
. . . SOLELY MANUFACTURED BY . . .
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Middletown, Conn.,
Send for Free Almanac telling all about
the Hubbard “Bone Base” Fertilizers.
HUBBARD’S
B°sE fertilizer
ALMANAC
19 11
Now ready for distribution.
Mailed free to any address.
176
February n,
THE: RURAb NEW-YORKER
The Henyard.
SELECTING BREEDING STOCK.
Select your breeders now for your com¬
ing flock of chicks. Get a good male bird,
for this is the foundation of your next
year's layers. It costs a little extra to get
a good cockerel, but it pays to buy the best
one can afford. Those who have a mixed
lot of hens and wish to improve them
should decide what breed they like and
which is best suited to their purpose,
should then buy a good cockerel and mate
some of their best hens, say 10 or 20, with
this cockerel, and they will have some good
grades. By following this plan for a few
seasons one builds up a good flock of uni¬
form color and size. But the writer thinks
it pays best to keep purebred fowls on the
farm and it does not cost very much to
start with if one only takes the time to
look after a few breeders or raise a few
purebred chicks from eggs purchased from
some reliable breeder. In caring for your
breeders while in close confinement be sure
to make them exercise as much as possible
by scratching in litter for all grain, and
hang up cabbage, carrots or mangels so
that the hens will have to jump up to
pick them. If you want vigorous healthy
chicks do not feed too much animal matter
to force heavy egg production, for if you
do you will weaken the vitality of your
chicks. Be sure to feed plenty of green
food and do not get your breeders too fat.
I like a dry mash made as follows : 200
pounds bran, 100 pounds wheat middlings,
200 pounds ground oats, 100 pounds corn-
meal, 100 pounds linseed meal, 100 pounds
beef scraps. As soon as the weather will
permit' give them as large a run as pos¬
sible. Do not neglect to have before the
hens at all times plenty of clean water and
a good supply of grit and oyster shells.
Schuyler ville, N. Y.
j. c. P.
A VILLAGE FLOCK.
Here is my account with fowls for the
year 1910. We think it pretty good for
a small flock on a village lot, 100x300 feet,
which is mostly taken up by special crops,
fruit and berries, lawn and vegetable gar¬
den, with a ginseng garden 50x05 feet.
The fowls have to be confined to two small
yards with about 20 fowls in each. The
fowls are S. C. White Leghorn. We started
the year with 21 yearling hens and 21
pullets in separate pens. The hens began
moulting quite late in the Fall of 1909, so
laid but few eggs until about the middle
of March. The pullets began laying in
November, 1909. My record shows eggs
laid in 1910 as follows: January, 239;
(February, 450; March, 559; April, 094;
May, 057; June, 014; July, 545; August,
370 ; September, 85 ; October, 63 ; Novem¬
ber, 240 ; December, 268, making a total
of 4,785, or . 398% dozens for the year.
Most of the hens were killed and marketed
in August (which accounts for so few
eggs in September and Oetober) to make
room for the chickens, of which we raised
about 80 in little movable brooders with
a covered chicken wire run attached that
could be moved to a fresh place every
three or four days or as often as it be¬
came foul or they had eaten the grass
down close. The pullets raised in 1910,
of which we have now the original num¬
ber of 42, began laying the third day of
October. I have charged up all the feed
(except the scraps from the table from
our small family of three persons), which
consisted mostly of cracked corn, oats and
wheat, which we feed in scratching pens
morning and afternoon, with a mixed feed
at noon, similar to that recommended in
“The Business Hen.” About the first of
April last year I sowed about four square
rods of Alfalfa in the garden, which grew
finely, and I cut three crops from it and
cured for the fowls in the Winter, bought
a small machine which cuts it in one-
eighth-inch lengths and feed it with the
mixed ground feed, about half and half,
scalding it some time before feeding, giv¬
ing it time to soften and partially cook.
I also usually sow turnips among the
sweet corn after the last hoeing, the tops
of which I fet'd the fowls in the Fall (after
the lawn grass has failed), and put the
roots in the cellar, which with beets and
other roots I cut in a root cutter and give
them for green food. I keep a hopper of
oyster shells and another of grits by them
all the time so they can help themselves
as they need it.
I keep the fowls tame, so that when I
go in their pens thoy gather around me to
see what I have for them, and can pick
them up and pet them, and have to walk
carefullv to keep from stepping on them.
I had quite a costly experience this Winter
with one of my pens of 22 pullets, which
reduced my egg record very materially.
They had just got to laying nicely in
| December, and I was getting eight or 10
eggs a day from them, when I carried in
a large basket of leaves for them to scratch
in which so frightened them that they quit
1 laying at once, and some of them even
commenced moulting and lost most of their
feathers, which are now coming in again.
The thing puzzled me for a long time, as I
never knew of a similar instance, but when
I read “The Business Hen” I found out
■what was the trouble, that it was all due
to the fright they had received. But it
was rather a costly experience, occurring
when eggs were worth 40 to 45 cents a
dozen. Received from the sale of eggs :
310 doz. sold, average price 33 7-10
cents . $98.43
Used in family, 80 doz . 27.12
Fowls killed and sold . . . 32.95
Fowls and chickens used in family
at 75 cents each . 9.00
.$167.50
Paid for feed, etc . $65.25
25 incubator chicks at 15 cents each. 3.75
$69.00
This deducted from the total receipts
leaves a not profit of $98.50, which I con¬
sider a very creditable showing for a small
flock, but which our Government does not
seem to consider worth mentioning in the
census reports, and I am only one of prob¬
ably 50 in our town who keep fowls. I
have given no credit for the manure from
the fowls, which I keep in barrels under
cover and use on the garden, lawn and
berries, seldom using any other fertilizer,
against which I offset my work in caring
for the fowls, which for a man who has
led an active life for over 73 years I con¬
sider a pleasure. a. N. G.
Ballston Spa, N. Y.
Tiie “Standard” for American poultry
breeders seems to have gone in favor of
the green egg of Indian Runner ducks. This
we believe to be a mistake — the white egg
strain is more practical for farmers. Nearly
all the breeders admit that the white egg
is far better, but think they must follow
American Standard in order to get high
prices.
The past year of 1910 has been a very
good one with us in spite of being drowned
out in the Spring and then dried out in
the Summer and Fall. Our crops were all
good, although not record-breakers, and we
feel very much encouraged, and are now
planning the work of 1911. The poultry
never did better than last year. We keep
a large number of old hens for breeding
from, and while they lessen our egg record
somewhat, yet we find that it is the best
way to get vigorous stock. Our hens laid
well into the moulting period, and were
a ragged and disgraceful lot when we housed
them in the Fall, but have come out of their
moult in fine shape and commencing to
lay, some pens of old hens laying 30 per
cent. now. We keep the muslin fronts open
all the time, except in very extreme cold
and stormy weather, as we think more of
vigor and health than we do of the few
eggs we lose by the cold air. We have
never purchased a baby chick, and if we
could have a choice we would much prefer
to buy breeding stock or eggs from a well-
known breeder, whose stock we knew to be
all right, than buy baby chicks, because
we like to handle our breeding stock in
our own way, and know that one can ruin
the best eggs in the management of their
incubator. While it is admitted the brood¬
ing and rearing is the hardest part, much
depends on what has gone before.
WHITE & RICE.
MON ACE
Stops Lameness
and Stiffness in Horses and Mules.
HERE’S PROOF.
Mr. Baidy Kirby, of Cassaday,Ky., writes:—
“I used Sloan’s Liniment on a mule for ‘high
lameness,’ and cured her. I am never without a
bottle of Sloan’s Liniment ; have bought more of
it than any other remedy for pains.”
SLOANS
LINIMENT
kills a spavin, curb or splint. andVm
DR. EARL S. SLOAN, BOSTON, MASS.
HANDY GARDEN TOOL
Here’s a practical tool for the farmer or
gardener— our No. 6 Combined Double and
Single Wheel Hoe, Hill and Drill Seeder.
Four tools for the price of one. It plants
in hills or continuous rows, covers the seed,
rolls the soil, marks the next row, hoes,
weeds and cultivates. Simple, easy to oper¬
ate, and does a day’s work in 60 minutes.
Farm and
Garden Tool*
For 75 years we have
made dependable tools
of quality for the
farmer, trucker and
t o w n gardeners. We
make S3 garden tools
at *3.50 to $13.00 each.
Write to-day for Anniversary Catalog
describing our entire line including
potato planters, cultivators, sprayers,
diggers, orchard and other tools.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
BOX 1022 GRENLOCH. N. J.
Tell Your Dealer You
Want One Free on Trial
Take one home with you the next time you go to
town. At the start don’t let Its low price prejudice
you against it. The price is low only because New
Holland Mills are made and sold in such large quan¬
tities. An examination will tell you that New Hollands
are as substantial and durable as feed mills can be
built. Nothing but highest grade materials go into
their construction and they will last for years.
ilewMlond
Feed Mills
always prove great money makers for their owners.
Almost everyone knows that ground grain is more
economical in cost than whole grain and far superior
as feed. And especially is this true of cob meal.
New Hollands grind corn on the cob perfectly.
Don’t fail to have your dealer lend you one and
put it to test. If he hasn’t one, write us. We will
then supply you and give you an extended Free Trial.
You will find the New Hol¬
land easy to run. Use any
kind of power. Can’t “choke
up.” Will grind corn, cobs
and small grain. Grinds
coarse for stock food or fine
asflourfortableuse. 5sizes.
Send for catalog and booklet “The
Right Way to Feed Grain.” Gives
latest fact’s by experienc.d fanners
on feeding hogs, cattle, milk-cows,
J.,, horses, sheep and poultry.
‘“Alsowrite for wood sawoatalog and prices.
New Holland Machine Co., Box 41 .New Holland, Pa.
Attention, Horse Owners!
Send for Handsome Book
Absolutely FREE
You Can Train Your Colt in 8 Hours or
Break Your Horses of Any Bad Habits
by Prof. Beery’s Simple Methods
Prof. Jesse Beery, king of horse tamers and trainers,
has retired from his marvelous career in the arena and
Is now teaching his wonderful system by mail to thou¬
sands of interested horse owners.
Prof. Beery is acknowledged to be the world’s master
horseman. His wonderful exhibition of taming fierce,
man-killing horses and conquering horses of all disposi¬
tions have thrilled vast audiences all over the world.
He can teach you the same simple, yet marvelous,
principles which have brought him such remarkable
success, so that you can take the most vicious horse
and subdue him in a few minutes. He can teach you to
train a green colt, break any horse of bad habits, teach
a horse to drive without reins, tell the disposition of
any horse at a single glance, train him to do difficult
tricks and, in fact, gain complete mastery over any
horse, young or old.
You can take a useless and dangerous animal and
double his value in a short time by these easy, simple
methods. And these horses will be cured of shying,
kicking, balking, biting, fear of automobiles and all
other bad traits forever.
Prof. Beery’s lessons are simple, thorough and
practical.
$1,200 to $3,000 a Year
At Home or Traveling!
Competent Horse Trainers are in demand every*
where. People gladly pay 515 to 125 a head to have
horses tamed, trained, cured of bad habits, to have
colts broken to harness, A good trainer can always
keep his stable full of horses.
What Prof. Beery’s Students Are Doing
Breaking horses of every conceivable habit, no mat¬
ter how long standing it is. Training colts to be ab¬
solutely trustworthy and useful in 8 hours. Riding
with perfect ease and control. Training horses to go
all the saddle gaits and do fancy steps. Training
horses to do the most difficult and interesting tricks.
Telling any horse’s disposition at sight — judging a
horse right the first time. There is no limit to what a
horse can be taught when you know how.
We receive hundreds of letters like the following:
J. O. Brown, Cameron, Mo., R. R. 4.. writes, “Lnst month
I made $90.00 training colts, besides mi regular farm work."
A. W. Bower, Tipton. Ind., writes, "You have made me a
practical colt trainer, have all the work I can do and make
more money than ever before.”
S. M. Ryder, Mercersburg, Fa., writes, 1 I am making money
buying 3-year-old kickers cheap, handling them a few days and
Belling them, perfectly broken, at alarge profit.”
. _ Levi Smith.. Ad m i re,
Hans., R. R. 2, writes. “I
W/JA have used your methods on
mAB some very mean and vicious
horses and had good sue-
from kicking in two hours.
1 ho owner offered to sell it
^ Jlflf A for $76.00. but after I
* trnined her he refused
■ $176.00.”
PROF. JESSE BEERY
57 Academy St. Pleasant Hill, Ohio
The Only Instruction
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Never before in the history of the
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pick un plenty of money on the side
practicing what Prof. Beery taught them.
Why not become one of them?
Cut Out This Coupon
and Mail It Today I
tttn/.nn Dairymen, Take a Look at the
STRITE GOVERNOR PULLEY
It’s the original and <*only
thing for driving cream sep¬
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gines. Once tried, always
used. TRY ONE. Ask your
dealer for a “STRITE” or
write us direct. Don’t take
an imitation.
Strite Governor Pulley Co.
357 South Third Street
Minneapolis, Minn.
For Best EXTENSION LADDER at
JOHN J. POTTER, li Mill St., Binghamton, N. Y.
A Preventive of Infectious Animal Disc
and All Forms of Skin Parasites
Dr.HessDip
and Disinfectant
A harmless but powerful chemical,
to be used in solution of one part Dip
to from 50 to 100 parts water to de
stroy the active germs of hog cholera,
infectious pneumonia, mange, etc.
Also lice, sheep ticks, fleas, and all
forms of parasitic life on farm animals
and poultry. Meets the Govern¬
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for sheep scab. The most effective
deodorizer known. Purifies pens,
stables and all places where decay
threatens disease. The farmers
safeguard against live stock losses is
Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant.
Write for booklet.
DR. HESS and CLARK, Ashland, Ohio
AND UP-
WARD
IS
AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
SENT ON TRIAL, FULLY
GUARANTEED. A new, well
made, easy running separator for
$15.95. Skims hot or cold milk;
heavy or light cream. Different
from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity ma¬
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marvel, easily cleaned. Whether
dairy is large or small, obtain our
handsome free catalog. Address
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.
Box 1075
BAINBRIDGE.N.Y.
Wanted at Once— A Man
To Make $100 Per Month Above Expenses
1500 MEN THROUGHOUT THE U. S
ARE MAKING BIG MONEY
with our large lino of over 80 different household neces¬
sities consisting of homo remedies, extracts, spices, soaps,
perfumes, toilet articles, stock and poultry preparations,
polishes, etc. all guaranteed under the National Food
and Drugs Act and conforming to the Pure Food require¬
ments of every state. Sold chiefly to country people.
We import, inanufapture and sell in enormous quantities
Capital and surplus over one million dollars. Factory
floor space nearly 5 acres.
Wo want one man in each unoccupied locality to take
full charge of everything pertaining to our business in
his district. Must bo of good health and habits, honest
and industrious, not under 21 nor over 50 years of age,
able to furnish outfit similar to that illustrated above,
also several responsible men to vouch for his integrity.
Such under our instructions can make not less than
$100 Per Month Clear Profit
above expenses first year, $1800 second year and $2400
third year. Colored people or women not considered.
Previous experience or more than ordinary education
not needed as with our thorough free course of instruc¬
tion in salesmanship the work is easily learned and a
big, pleasant, healthful, honorable and permanent busi¬
ness quickly established.
If you can’t meet requirements don’t write: if you
think you can you aro the man we are looking for and a
postal will bring you full particulars by return mail.
Lots of new men starting and territory filling rapidly,
so if interested write at once else territory vacant in your
locality will be taken.
W. T. RAWLEIGH CO. 30-40 Lib. St. Freeport, III.
1911.
TITK KUKAt NEW-YORKER
177
MARKETS
Week Ending February 3, 1911.
BUTTE It
Top grades of creamery are in somewhat
better position. Storage and under grades
are still very dull and in heavy supply.
Exporters have been doing some business
in factory stock at 16 cents.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 27 @ .29
Good to Choice . 24 @ .26
Lower Grades . 21 @ .23
Storage . 19 @ .25
Btate Dairy, best . 24 @ .25
Common to Good . 19 @ .23
Factory . . . 16 @ .17
Packing Stock . 12 @ .16
Elgin 111. butter market steady at 25 cents.
CHEESE
Business is slow both for domestic and
export.
Full Cream, best . 15 © .17
Common to Good . 12 @ .13
Skims . *. . 05 @ .12
EGGS
Receipts are large and market weak and
unsettled. Buyers are looking for further
declines and taking only enough for pres¬
ent needs. Speculative business slow on
account of uncertainty of values..
White, good to choice . 30 @ .32
Mixed Colors, best . 23 @ .25
Common to Good . 20 @ .22
Storage . 12 © .15
Western, best . 26 @ .28
Under grades . 18 @ .22
BEANS
Quotations are now on the basis of 100
pounds, according to the new ruling by the
Wholesale Dealers’ Association. These
prices are for net weight.
Marrow, 100 lbs..
Medium. . .. .
Pea .
Velio w Eye .
Red Kidney .
WhlteKidney
3.85 @ 4.10
3.70 ® 3.75
3.50 @ 3.75
3.60 ® 3.75
6.50 ® 5.75
4.75 ® 5.00
HOPS
Market very firm. On the Pacific coast
sales of the coming crop at 15 cents net
to growers are reported.
Prime to Choice . .27 @ .29
Common to Good . 22 @ .25
Pacific Coast . 18 @ .22
German Crop, 1910 . 60 @ .63
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 ® .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
Market continues firm on both evapo¬
rated and choice sun-dried.
Apples, evap. fancy . 12 ® 13
Evap., com. to good . 06 @ .11
Sun Dried . 05 @ .0714
Chops . 0414® .05
Cores and Skins . 04 ® .0414
Raspberries . 28 @ .30
Cherries . 15 ® .18
FRESH FRUITS
Bulk of the apple trade is on medium
grade fruit, fancy being held rather high,
upwards of $6. Receipts of strawberries
from Florida are increasing, some low
grade berries selling down to 25 cents.
Apples, Russet, bbl . 2.00 © 4.00
King . 3.00 ® 5.25
Greening . 3.00 ® 5.75
York Imperial . 3.50 ® 5.50
Baldwin . 3.00 ® 5.00
Spy . 3.50 ® 5.25
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.75 ® 2.25
Spitz, box . 1.76 @ 2.25
Rome, box . l.oO ® 2 52
Winesap, box . 175 @2.50
Gano. box . 1.45 ® 1.75
Cranberries —
Cape Cod, bbl . 8.00 @ 9.60
Long Island, bbl . 8.50 ® 9.50
Jersey; bbl . . . 7.00 @ 8.50
Pears, Kieffer, bbl . 2.75 @ 3.50
Strawberries, Fla., qt . 25 @ .40
HONEY
Market dull on buckwheat and extracted.
White Clover, lb . 12 ® .15
Buckwheat, lb . 09 @ .10
Extracted, lb . 07 ® .09
VEGETABLES
Potato market dull, with no signs of im¬
mediate improvement. Onions moving
slowly, with a surplus of low grades.
Southern lettuce and string beans in in¬
creased supply.
Potatoes— N. Y. State, 180 lbs . 1.35 © 1.60
Long Island, 180 lbs . 1.60 @ 2.00
Maine . 1.40 @ 1.75
Sweet, Jersey, bbl . 1.00 @ 2.60
Brussels Sprouts, qt . 08 @ .15 .
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 4.00 @ 6.00
Carrots, bbl . 1.00 @ 1.50
Southern, new. bbl . 2.00 @ 3.00
Cabbage— Danish seed, ton . 8.U0 @12.00
Domestic . 6.00 @ 9,00
Red . 30.00 @35.00
Celery, doz . 25 @ .50
Chicory, bbl . 2.00 © 3.50
Cucumbers. Fla. bu . 3.00 @ 3.50
Escarol, bbl . . 3.00 @ 3.50
Endive. French, lb . 12 @ .15
Kale, bbl . 100 @ 1.12
Kohlrabi, Southern, bbl . 4.00 @ 4.50
Lettuce. J4-bbl. bkt . 1.00 © 2 00
Peppers, Southern, bu . 3.00 @4.00
Onions, Orange Co., bag . 1.50 @ 2.00
Conn. Yellow, 100 lbs . 1.50 ....
White pickle, bu . 75 @ 1.00
Peas, Fla., bu . 1.25 @3.50
Romaine, Southern, J4 bbl . 1.50 @ 1.75
Salsify, 100 bunches . . . 5.00 _
String Beans, bu . 2.00 @ 2.75
Spinach, bbl . 2.50 @ 2.76
Squash, bbl . 1.75 @ 2 25
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75 @1.00
White, bbl . 1.00 @ 1.50
Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3.00
Egg Plants, Fla., box . 4.00 @ 6.50
Parsnips, bbl . 1 .25 @1.75
Parsley bbl . 2.50 @ 3.00
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 2.50 @ 3.50
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Market on cucumbers quiet. Receipts of
mushrooms large, some selling under quo¬
tations.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 1.75 @ 2.00
Mushrooms, lb . 15 ® 25
Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 © 4^00
Tomatoes, lb . 15 ® .35
Rhubarb, doz bunches . 50 @ .65
Tomatoes, lb . 10 @ .35
BERMUDA PRODUCTS
Potatoes, No. 1, bbl . 5.50 ® 6.00
„ No. 2 “ . 4.50 @ 5.00
Beets, bu. crate . 75 @ 1.12
Carrots, crate . 75 @1.00
Lima Beans, *4 bu . 2.00 @ 2 60
Onions, bu. crate . 2.76 @ 2.85
Peas, M bu . 1.50 © 3.00
Parsley, bu. crate . 1.00 © 1,26 ,
Romaine, crate..... . 50 @ 1.00
LIVE POULTRY
Supplies heavy, and market on chickens
and fowls weak. Demand for ducks and
geese good.
Chickens, lb
Fowls .
Roosters...
Ducks .
Geese .
Turkeys .
.11 ® .12
.13 @ .14
.08 © .09
.15 @ .16
.13 @ .14
.15 @ .18
DRESSED POULTRY
Demand poor, with a surplus of coarse
and medium grade chickens and large tur¬
keys. Trade in capons slow.
Turkeys, Fancy . 22 @ .23
Common to Good . 16 @ .20
Chickens, roasting . 16 @ .18
Common to Good . 13 @ .14
Fancy broilers, lb . 25 @ .28
Fowls . 12 @ .16
Capons, best, lb . 24 @ .25
Medium grades . 22 @ .23
Small and Slips . 14 @ .18
Ducks, Spring . 15 @ .20
Geese, spring . 12 @ .14
Squabs, doz . 2.00 @ 6.00
Guineas, spring, pair . 65 @1.00
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Hothouse lambs in rather large supply
and selling slowly. Calves and pork dull.
Calves, good to prime . 12 @ .13
Common . 09 @ .11
Lambs, hothouse, head . 5.00 @10.00
Pork, light . 11 @ .12
Medium to heavy . 10 @ .11
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 @ .17
HAY AND STRAW
Business Is light and prices irregular on
lower grades of Timothy and clover.
Hay, No. 1, ton . 21.00 @ 22.00
No. 2 . 18.00 @ 20.00
No. 3 . 15.00 @ 17.00
Clover Mixed . 12.00 @ 18 00
Clover . 10.00 @ 16.00
Straw, Rye . 9.00 @ 10.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 @ 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers, 100 lbs . 5.00 @ 6.60
Oxen and Stags . 4.00 @ 5.00
Cows . 2.40 @4.50
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 7.00 @10.76
Culls . 4.00 @ 60n
Sheep, 100 lbs . 2.50 © 4.5n
Lambs . 6.30 @ 7.0n
Hogs . 7.80 @ 8.9q
HOW THE BEST WIRE
FENCE IN THE WORLD
IS SOLD AT A LOW
PRICE.
Proved by every test to be
the strongest and most dur¬
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you from the maker, free from
jobber’s and middleman's pro¬
fits I Made from Basic Open-
Hearth Steel, and doubly
strengthened by virtue of the famous
f “Security” knot. _ Sold by us for
/ / less money than inferior fencing
i / owing to the immensity of the num-
/ ber of orders we are constantly filling
V for it. We pay freight on all orders of
/ Wire Fence amounting to $10.00 or
' over, within 300 miles of Pittsburg.
Write for Catalog of prices and descrip¬
tions of Wire Fence; also contains pictures
prices and particulars! of 10,000 other useful ar¬
ticles. 20 to 40 per cent, savings by our
“factory to you” system. i*
MANUFACTURERS DISTRIBUTING CO.
Dept. H, Pittsburgh, Pa.
THE UNADILLA SILO
IS THE SENSATION OF
THE AGRICULTURAL WORLD
Because it has continuous opening
from bottom to top.
Because it has ladder formed by
fasteners, with rounds 16 inches apart.
Because hoops are stronger than
others.
Write for catalogue describing the
above features and testimonials, and
our “TWENTY-FIVE REASONS.”
We also manufacture Farm Water
Tubs and are New England representa¬
tives for Papec Cutters and are in posi¬
tion to quote low prices upon receipt of inquiry.
Extra discount for early orders. Agents wanted.
THE UNADILLA SILO CO.. Inc., Box B, UNADILLA. N. Y.
™ ROSS SILO
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stave.
Continuoui door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled «ilo door with
hingea. Equipped with extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes winter feed equal to June
frass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to*
day for catalog which gives facts that
will save you money. Agents wanted.
The E. W. Ross Co.(Est,1850)
Box 13 SPBIX G FIELD. OHIO
THE INDIVIDUAL FARMER MAY BUILD
A SILO WITH UNSKILLED LABOR AND
MATERIAL FOUND ON HIS OWN FARM
ACTIVE WORKERS CAN COVER A LARG FIELD
WITH OUR RAPID CONSTRUCTION.
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE
CEMENT SILO CO. KALAMAZOO MKH
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a sauare deal.” See guarantee page 16.
STATEMENT OF THE AMERICAN POT¬
ASH BUYERS’ COMMITTEE:
In January 28 of The R. N.-Y. there
appears an advertisement signed “Ger¬
man Kali Works, by H. A. Huston, Sec¬
retary,” from which the following state¬
ment is quoted :
“Mr. Robert Bradley did not sign the
contract July 1, 1909.” That is an un¬
qualified misstatement, as can be easily
proven by reference to the original
Bradley- Schmidtmann contract, bearing
my signature, on file in the Department
of State at Washington.
In a recent brief of Mr. Vogel, the
General Representative of the Potash
Syndicate in the United States, the
statement is made that this contract was
merely a “purely tentative memoran¬
dum” and that I had no authority from
The American Agricultural Chemical
Company to sign a contract.
On this basic misrepresentation a long
argument is elaborated in an attempt to
prove that I was officially notified be¬
fore I made my contracts that the Ger¬
man government would invalidate any
contract I might make for Potash at
prices below those fixed by the syndi¬
cate, and that, therefore, I have no
claim for redress.
The contract I signed on July 1, 1909,
with Mr. Schmidtmann was as complete
and as legally binding a contract as
could be drawn, and I personally guar¬
anteed its specific performance. As to
my authority for making it on behalf
of The American Agricultural Chemical
Company, I had in my possession a spe¬
cial Power of Attorney, dated June 7,
1909, duly authorized by a vote of the
Directors of the Company, executed by
its President, witnessed by its Counsel,
attested and seal affixed by its Secre¬
tary, acknowledged before a Notary Pub¬
lic, and viseed by the German Consul
General of New York. This Power of
Attorney is also on file in the Depart¬
ment of State.
Moreover, on the same morning of
July 1, 1909, acting under the same
Power of Attorney, I made another con¬
tract with a group of five of the most
important Potash mines in Germany,
which contract has been assumed and is
now being fulfilled by the Potash Syndi¬
cate in strict conformity with its terms
and conditions.
Can Mr. Pluston explain why one of
these contracts is recognized as com¬
plete and valid, while the other is pro¬
nounced a mere memorandum, even
lacking my signature?
It was never intimated to me, directly
or indirectly, that the German Govern¬
ment contemplated passing legislation
which would invalidate any contracts
below Syndicate prices until about ten
days after I had secured my contracts,
when Geheimrat Kempner (now Presi¬
dent of the Kali Syndicate) threatened
me with such governmental action un¬
less I consented to surrender or com¬
promise my contracts in some way sat¬
isfactory to the Syndicate.
These are the incontestable facts, and
such an attempt to justify a law which
constitutes the substantial repudiation
of legally executed contracts by gov¬
ernmental action is an affront to the in¬
telligence of the people of the United
States and should receive the rebuke it
deserves.
As to Mr. Huston’s “belief” that
“The German Foreign Minister did not
assure Ambassador Hill that ‘it (the
law) would not invalidate or impair
the American contracts.’ ”
I think it mattery little to the Ameri¬
can public what Mr. Huston’s “belief”
may be on this subject when the actual
facts are known. It is a matter of rec¬
ord that Dr. Hill, the American Am¬
bassador in Berlin, has made the state¬
ment and has reported it to Washing¬
ton that he was assured by the Foreign
Minister of Germany that the law
“would not invalidate or impair” the
American contracts, and I believe the
American people will accept that state¬
ment from its official representative in
Berlin rather than the “belief” of the
representative of the Potash Trust.
No doubt “the potash business is get¬
ting lots of advertising,” but of a kind
the Syndicate least desires. This con¬
troversy has certainly advertised one
important fact extensively — that the
German Syndicate is resorting to heroic
efforts to sustain its Potash monopoly
in order to extort an enormous yearly
tribute from the American farmers by
maintaining Potash prices at 200 per
cent above the cost of production, and
100 per cent above the prices obtained
from independent mines by 75 per cent
of the Potash buyers of the United
States. ROBERT S. BRADLEY.
Chairman of American Potash Buyers’
Committee.
BETTER THAN CONCRETE
Keeps silage better and doors are much
handier to use and enter. All wood parts
below roof NOW DIPPED IN PURE
CREOSOTE, presei-ving the wood from
rot and silo needs no painting.
Will Last A Life Time
OUR PATENTED DOORS
Have THREE BEAR¬
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SIDES of each door like
a refrigerator or safe
door. Silage, will keep
perfectly around the
door as in all other
places.
STAVE ENDS AND JOINTS
It would he quite impossible to get as
good joints in any home made silo and
few if any others use as thick or as wide
steel for end splines. Green Mountain
joints are made l ight.
THE STRONG HOOPS
Space too small to explain In detail, but
Green Mountain Steel ’Hoops will never
break at the thread or elsewhere.
Other Exclusive features are explained
in catalogue, a fine free book ; ask for it.
CREAMERY PACKA6EMFG.C0.
338 WEST STREET, RUTLAND, VERMONT
■imii!iiiiimiiiiiiiimhi.i..iimn
Modern Silage
Methods
SENDforthls240-pagebook of
profit-producing informa¬
tion— the most complete
work on this subject pub¬
lished. Tells facts you ought to
know about silos and silage —
used and endorsed by many
agricultural colleges— over 40
Illustrations— indexed— a wealth
of useful information for the
practical farmer. Chapters on
— “How to Build SlIoS”— “How
to Make Silage”— “How to Feed
Silage”— “How to Maintain Soil
Fertility with Silage System” —
All about “Summer Silos” and
the “Use of Silage in Beef Pro¬
duction” and many others.
Revised and enlarged 1911 edi¬
tion now reudy. Send for your
copy before too late. Enclose
10c and mention this paper.
Silver Mfg. Co., Salem, 0.
BOOST YOUR
STO^K PROFITS
Get a Silo. But get a pood one. Choose t
carefully— and wisely. Geta Lansing If
you want the most that a Silo can mean
to your profits. Thousands of other
progressive farmers have proved
Lansing Silos
best. Made of best wood. All-steel Hoops
and Draw Lugs. Convenient Continu¬
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other features that make Lanslngs
superior. Write for best book on
silos and silo profits. Address
postal now to
Severance Tank & Silo Co.
320 Lansing, Mich.
FREE TO FARMERS
A Valuable 160-page book entitled
“SILO PROFITS”
Written by 200 of the most successful
Feeders, Farmers and Dairymen In
the World. Every farmer In
America should read this book, and
aslong as our supply of these books
last we will mail one copy free to
each person asking for it. It gives
theactual experience of these farm¬
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Our Factories are located at An¬
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Kansas City, Write NOW ‘SQ*! - r;, M
Missouri, a for this book 2>lLO PTOlltS
INDIANA SILO COMPANY -
318 Union Building, Anderson, Indiamt
178
THIS R.UR.A.I> NEW-YORKES
February 11,
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this headi <g we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeaing mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘ protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, wnile “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one In which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
— a “wide” ration moans one which shows a larger
proportion of carbonydrat 's.
A CONNECTICUT BUTTER RATION.
For roughage I have silage once a day
and hay once a day. Of the latter some
is oats and Canada peas, some mixed hay.
Cornmeal is $1.30; gluten, $1.55; bran,
$1.45; oats, $1.50. I have three cows,
none of them fresh at present. My wish
is to make butter, and I would like to
know at the above prices what to feed
for grain and how much. None of the cows
is very large. E. s. B.
Connecticut.
Here is a ration that will produce a
fair amount of milk, although it is a
little too wide :
Dry
Digestible
Pro-
Carb.
matter
toin and fat
20
lbs. silage . 4.20
M
00
2.58
15
lbs. mixed hay
and peas . 13.05
.03
6.9
4
lbs. wheat bran. 3.52
.488
1.812
2
lbs. cornmeal ... 1.78
.158
1.528
3
lbs. gluten feed. 2.70
.606
2.007
25.25
2.452
14.917
Nutritive ratio 1 : 6.
While this ration has rather a wide
nutritive ratio it is the best I can make
from the available feeding stuffs with¬
out using too much of one kind of
grain, thereby either making the ration
too expensive or unsafe to feed. You
should regulate the amount of grain
according to the quantity of milk your
cows are giving and the condition they
are in. One pound of grain for each
three or 3^ pounds of milk is an ap¬
proximate rule to follow when your
cows are not fresh. This ration could
be improved somewhat by using dry
brewers’ or distillers’ grains, if avail¬
able, in place of the wheat bran.
c. s. G.
Grain With Cornstalks.
I wish to mix cornmeal, bran, middlings
and cotton-seed meal to feed milch cows
with cornstalks, the only roughage that I
have. I know that it is a hard matter to
get a proper ration from the above, but
will have to make the best of it. I want
to use as much cornmeal as possible, as it
is only $22 per ton. I can get Ajax and
gluten, but they are very high. $33 to $34
per ton. How many pounds for a feed?
New York. it. e. m.
I would advise feeding the following
ration, although you cannot expect any
great results with nothing but corn
stover for roughage :
Digestible
Dry
Pro-
Carb.
matter
tein and fat
20
lbs. corn
stover
(cut) . . .
. 12.00
.34
6.88
3
lbs. cornmeal ... 2.67
.237
2.292
4
lbs. wheat
bran. 3.52
.488
1.812
1 lb. wheat
mid-
dlings . .
. 88
.128
.607
3
lbs. cotton
- seed
meal . . .
. 2.76
1.116
1.332
21.83
2.309
12.923
Nutritive ration 1 : 5.6.
You will see that this ration is very
nearly balanced, having a nutritive ratio
of 1:5.6, but it should contain a little
more protein. You would have a better
ration if you would substitute Ajax for
at least half of your bran and middlings,
and the extra cost would be very small.
You should feed your cows all the cut
or shredded corn stover they will eat
three times a day, which will be 20 to
30 pounds. The grain ration suggested
is enough for an average 1000-pound cow
giving 12 to 15 quarts of milk per day,
but you will have to regulate the
amount for each cow to suit her indi¬
vidual requirements. c. s. G.
Balancing the Feed.
I am feeding wheat bran, one-half; corn
chop, one-fourth ; rye chop, one-fourth, and
my cows are getting poor. I give mixed
hay, clover and Timothy in the morning
and good cured corn fodder, all they will
eat, rest of the day. Would you give advice
so I can feed a balanced ration with the
following feeds : Mixed hay and corn¬
stalks as roughage and wheat bran and
corn chop for grain. Oats are 50 cents,
buckwheat 60 cents, and oil meal old pro¬
cess, and cotton-seed meal I can get.
These are the principal feeds we have here.
Cows are Ayrshire, some fresh and rest
fresh last October. e. c. j.
Pennsylvania.
Dry
Digestible
Pro-
Carb.
matter
tein t
and fat
12
lbs. mixed hay
(with clover) .. 10.44
.744
5.52
12
lbs. cut corn
stalks (stover. . 7.20
.204
4.08
5
lbs. wheat bran. . 4.40
.61
2.265
1
lb. O. P. oil meal .91
.293
.485
2
lbs cotton-seed
meal . 1.84
.744
.888
2
lbs. corn chop... 1.78
.158
1.528
26.57
2.753
14.766
Nutritive ratio, 1 :5.36.
The balanced ration given above will
produce very good results when prop¬
erly fed to fresh Ayrshire cows of a
milking strain. For cows that are not
fresh, of course the quantity should be
reduced to correspond with the amount
of milk given. It must be remembered
that feeding heavy feeds like corn, cot¬
ton seed or gluten just before or soon
after parturition is liable to cause a
fever which produces inflammation of
the udder, and may result in the loss
of one or more teats, or the whole udder
may become permanently injured. It is
always safer to feed light feeds like
wheat bran until all danger of inflam¬
mation of the udder is past.
In order to get the maximum profit
from feeding a balanced ration of
course it is necessary to keep cows in a
warm, comfortable stable which is well
lighted and ventilated, otherwise much
of the feed which should be used to
produce milk will be required to keep
the animal warm. What is meant by a
warm stable is not one heated up to
60 or 70 degrees F. in cold weather,
but it is one which maintains an even
temperature of about 45 degrees, never
falling below the freezing point, and
always containing a plentiful supply of
fresh air without draughts. A stable
which is made warm at the expense
of proper ventilation is not a fit place
in which to keep cattle in a healthy con¬
dition. c. s. G.
Frozen Turnips for Stock.
I was unfortunate in having all ray
turnips frozen this Winter. Would they
be injurious to cows and pigs if used as
fodder, either raw or cooked? L. D.
New Jersey.
Frozen vegetables should never be fed
to live stock while they are frozen, but
may be used either raw or cooked as
soon as the frost is thawed out of them.
They must be used up in a very short
time, however, or they will decay and
become worthless. c. S. G.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
Which Shall It Be?
ONE
SHARPLES
Tubular
Cream Separator
and perfect satisfaction for life— or several “mail
order” or other (so called) cheap separators
that exasperate you every day and last, on the
average, one year apiece ?
Remember that one Tubular will outlast ten
cheap machines. Thena§k yourself if the Tubu¬
lar is not the cheapest machine to own and use.
Our local representative will put a Sharpies Dairy
Tubular— The World’s Best cream separator-
right into your home for a thorough
FREE TRIAL
without one cent of expense to you for
freight or anything else. We can afford
to do that because Tubulars are later
than and different
from all others.
No disks or other
contraptions.
Twice the skim¬
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leparators. Wear
a lifttime. When
you demonstrate
these facts,
in your own
home, then
you’ll have a
Tubular or
nothing.
Guaranteed
forever b jr
America’soid-
e s t and
world’s big¬
gest cream
s eparator
concern.
Write for
1911 catalogue
No. 153 , and
free trial.
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, Ill.. San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto. Can. Wlnnlpeg,.Can.
44 Bushels to the Acre
is a henvy yield, but that’s what John Kennedy of
Edmonton, Alberta, Western Canada, got from
40 acres of Spring Wheat in 1910. Reports
from other districts in that
firovince showed other excel-
ent results— such os 4,000 bush-
I els of wheat from 120 acres, or
1 33K bushels per acre. 26, 30 and
I 40 bushel yields were numerous.
I As high as 132 bushels of oats to
I the acre were threshed from
I Alberta fields.
Ithe silver cup
at the recent Spokane Fair was
awarded to the Alberta Government
for its exhibit of grains, grasses and vege¬
tables, Reports of excellent yields for 1910
come also from Saskatchewan and Manitoba
in Western Canada.
Free Homesteads of 160 acres,
and adjoining- pre-emptions of 160
acres (at $3 per acre), are to bo had
in the choicest districts.
Schools convenient, climate ex¬
cellent, soil of the very best, rail¬
ways close athnnd.buildinglumber
cheap, fuel easy to get and reason¬
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mixed farming a success.
Write as to best place for settlement, set¬
tlers’ low railway rates, pamphlet “Last Best
West” and other information, to Supt. of Im-
mig. , Ottawa. Can . , or to Can . Gov’ t Agt. (54)
Supt. of Immigration. Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent, 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
na
Your 3 Meals Mean Less
Than These New Books
Just one money-saving idea, from the 1653 topics in these nine brand-
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Book No. 1
Tells how two men made
“56.41 per Hen per Year”
— explicit directions fol¬
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Gardner Corning, the ex¬
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all condensed into 61 pages.
Book No. 2
The man that owns, uses,
buys, or loves a horse,
needs“Horse Secrete, "by
Professor Alexander, De¬
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From amateur to expert,
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Michael K, Boyer knows
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“A good garden saves
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Inimitably interesting and
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Book No. 7
“Corn Secrets,” by Prof.
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Book No. 9
“The Curtiss Poultry
Book” covers 226 subjects,
written by a pioneer in
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These nine books, printed
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how you can get bigger profits
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All these things and many more
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Get your set now; profit by all
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Why You Need
Farm Journal
Farm Journal is printed for those
who want to know about flowers
aud vegetables, poultry, dogs and
other pets, horses and cows, crops,
good roads, building and odd jobs,
improvements around the place.
It has home doctoring hints, dress¬
making helps, ideas for an eve¬
ning’s fun, cookery suggestions—
why there isn’t anything worth
while it doesn’t have.
Farm Journal is the only paper of
its kind in the world. It helps the
amateur and the expert. It helps
the man or woman who cultivates
a square rod or a square mile.
Farm Journal believes in clean
fence rows, sharp tools, and the
101 little conveniences that go to
make a happy family. Take ad¬
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What
Readers
Say:
EAST
Frank Wolfe, N. Y.-“Our
people have learned to
call Farm Journal, ‘the
monthly sunshine,’ ”
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read. Farm Journal is
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I like them and think I
shall learn a great deal
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one.”
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received the Garden Book
and Almanac and am very
much pleased with them.”
Mrs. C. M. Spalding,
Conn. — “I have been an
appreciative reader of
Farm Journal for 25 years
and have a paid-up sub¬
scription for the next 15
years.”
WEST
F. J. Carrol, Ohio — “Let
me say that am most hap¬
pily disappointed in Farm
Journal. I ei pected to bo
‘stung,’ but discover it to
be the only really helpful
paper for the farm that I
have yet seen.”
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“More in one column than
most others in a whole
page.”
W. F. Hildebrecht, Ohio —
“I consider your paper so
valuable that my sub¬
scription is paid to Dec.
1917.”
NORTH
Robert L. Haddock, Minn.
— “The October number
just received. I would
not take a dollar for it.”
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home in the West should
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SOUTH
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to our home, but Farm
Journal is the best.”
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How to Get the Three Books You Pick Out
Use the coupon or write a letter, enclosing a dollar bill or a money order or even stamps
(we take all the risk, remember)— and the 3 books you select will be shipped, fully prepaid
and your name entered for Farm Journal until January 1, 1913. If you care for only one
book, send only fifty cents— _ _
you get all these splendidly
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have all your money back,
if not satisfied. Additional
books, 20c each.
SPECIAL MONEY BACK COUPON
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Enclosed is $1.00. Please send me books Nos . . . .
and Farm Journal until January 1st, 1913 — also the Almanac if
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REWARD FOR PROMPTNESS
A copy of the latest revised 1911
edition of “Poor Richard’s Al¬
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Hurry your order along.
1911.
THE KUKAL NEW-YORKER
179
When you write advertisers mention The
K. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
You Owe This
to Your Family
All wise people agree that a home in the
country is better than a home in the city.
But some country homes miss one great com¬
fort that even the poor have in the city and
that is good light.
For nearly a hundred years city people
have been keeping their homes bright and
cheerful by using gaslight. You can now have
this greatest of all city comforts in your
country home — because, light for light, it is
cheaper than kerosene if you use the
'oLT
Acetylene
Generator
Over 200,000 country homes are now made
pleasant aud cheery by home-made gas. You
want your family to be as comfortable as
any. Why not investigate this important
matter.
The U. S. light-houses have been using this
Colt light for seven years. It is the safest
light made. Insurance experts all endorse
it. It requires only 15 minutes work, once a
month. A boy can do it all. This Colt light
is the best improvement you can add to your
property. It willt Pay you to write today for
our book, 17 on “Modern Lighting.” Write
for it.
J. B. COLT CO.
j 69 A Murray St., New York
The money-saving advantages of a slate
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No roofing material except slate can
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A slate roof reduces your insurance rate and
insures healthful cistern water.
It cannot wear, warp, decay, rust and shrink;
it does not hold snow or ice.
Sea Green and Purple
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once laid settles your roofing question
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avoiding forever roofing expense and annoyance.
This Excellent Book FREE
containing sixteen pages of specific, practical,
timely and helpful hints that will save you
money in the final selection of anew roofing for
any building on your farm. Simply sign and
mail the coupon below and wo will send
your copy by return mail.
The American Sea Green Slate Co.
(Roofs That Never Wear Out)
110 Clark St., Granville, N. Y.
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TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS.
Furs are high. A fact which you are all probably ac¬
quainted with. But the question is. Are you getting
highest market value for yours i Remember we do not
charge any commission; pay all express charges; will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory will return and
pa.y all charges. Don’t you think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing i For
further information write for our free price list and
Trappers’ Guide. Make us a trial shipment today.
Abrahams Fur 8 Wool Co., Fur Merchants, Seymour, Wis.
SHIP YOUR
FURS
To McMillan fur & wool co.
11. . . , MINNEAPOLIS, MINN,
illustrated Circular Free to anyone interested in
_ , „ . RAW FURS.
Trappers Guide .Free to those who ship to us.
CORNSTALKS FOR HORSES.
Last Winter we fed our four horses corn¬
stalks cut one inch and sprinkled with feed
molasses, and cut down our grain bill nearly
one-half. The horses came through the
Winter in better shape than for three years
previous, but we never worked hard in
Winter. This year we shall work them
harder and feed more molasses.
Connecticut. farview farm.
We have wintered horses 011 cornstalks
for some years. The secret is to have
the stalks clean and bright and to feed
some laxative food with them. Mouldy
stalks fed with corn grain will take the
life out of a horse. Bran, linseed meal
or molasses are all good. A crop of
carrots makes a fine feed with dry stalks.
Many farmers begin feeding the stalks
too late in the Winter. We began last
year late in October, for the dry Fall
has put them in fine shape.
SUNFLOWERS IN THE SILO,
On page 1179 Mr. Wilcox speaks of grow¬
ing corn and sunflowers together for silage.
Will he tell us what sort of silage this
combination makes? g. m.
I have found this silage very satis¬
factory. The top of the silo was filled
with clear corn, and having fed that
off down to that containing the sun¬
flowers, I find the cows are giving just as
much milk as they did on the clear
corn silage. I cannot say that it is
any better, but as we quite often do
not have a good corn season; and sun¬
flowers will grow under adverse con¬
ditions, I thought I would try it. I
shall put them in next year again. I
would say that my cows freshen in
Spring, so I do not get such a large
quantity of milk now. m. h. wilcox.
FEEDING COLLIES.
Will you advise the best way to feed
molasses to dogs (collies) ? Their hair
falls out without apparent cause before it
has fully grown. I have been feeding with
a prepared food which is mostly cereal in
its make-up and I think it is too heating.,
I have been told that molasses is good to
produce a rich coat. Do you know of any¬
thing better? Dogs are in good health
otherwise. J. 1. g.
I.oug Island.
The cereal food referred to probably con¬
tains too much cornmeal, which is over¬
heating and too fattening. it is apt to
strip collies of hair if fed liberally. We
have never fed black strap molasses to
collies, but there should be no objection
to it as a sweetener of other suitable food.
It is quickly and easily digested and tends
to slightly open the bowels and so would
lead to improvement of the coat. To en¬
courage a heavy coat the dogs should be
out of doors as much as possible. Cod¬
dling collies in hot quarters is injurious ;
in fact it is injurious to any dog. Vege¬
table soup made with beef bones and
thickened with red dog flour will prove
suitable food, and in addition would allow
some parboiled meat and parboiled liver
several times a week in addition to allow¬
ing large raw beef bones to chew. Meat
scrap is also used by dog fanciers. In dog
feeding on a large scale horse meat is
much used and is admirable food, being
lean and free from grease. In feeding
molasses begin with a tablespoonful twice
daily in food and gradually increase
amount, but watch that it docs not cause
scouring. Tn fitting dogs emulsion of cod
liver oil also is excellent for stimulating
health of coat and bringing out the feather
and frill in collies. a. s. a.
Lice on Sow.
I have a sow infested with lice. I am
afraid they will get on the cattle and
horses. My cows have been near her, hut
will keep them away now. What is the
easiest and quickest way to get rid of the
torments? c. s.
New York.
Hog lice do not infest cattle or horses.
To get rid of them apply freely along spine
a mixture of equal parts of kerosene and
machine oil by means of an oil can ; or
apply it to all parts of the body by rub¬
bing in with a rag or cotton waste. Repeat
the application in 10 days. Irritating ap¬
plications, such as undiluted kerosene, can¬
not safely be used ou sows in pig, as aboi’r
tion may follow their use. A two per cent
solution of coal tar dip, made creamy with
flowers of sulphur, is also effective for rid¬
ding hogs of lice. It is necessary to clean
up, disinfect and whitewash the stables
and pens and to supply fresh, clean bed¬
ding at all times. Lice are most common
and troublesome in hot, dirty, damp, badly
ventilated, dark stables. Such places are
an abomination for any kind of animal.
A. S. A.
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100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK
PROFITABLE INVESTMENT
Republic
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Three Soils That Need Lime
Sour— Dense and Compact— Loose and Porous
R-RilANDhSF
A High Calcium Lime in Powder Form
Shipped in 100-lb. bags, ready to apply or will keep until you are ready.
Most dealers carry it in stock ; if yours does not, please write us.
Our free booklet, “Liming the Land,” tells about the when, where and how of liming.
ROCK LA ND -ROCK PORT LIME CO.
Boston, 34 Mllk'St. Ilockland, Me. New York, Fifth Ave. Bid}?.
Don’t Work for Nothing.
We have often wondered why it is
that some implement dealers persuade
the farmer to purchase implements of
inferior quality. There is only one
logical reason for this, and that is that
the dealer makes a larger profit on the
inferior article. It is of vital importance
to purchase a grain drill of known merit.
Just think for a moment what a poor
drill can do for the farmer. It will put
in his crop in such poor shape as to in¬
vite failure, and thereby lessens his profits
In short he virtually works for nothing.
Buy a grain drill of a well known make
— a drill that will do your work right
— a drill that will sow all known seeds
and grasses and that will successfully
handle all brands of commercial fertiliz¬
ers, no matter how difficult to sow, and
by all means get a drill that will enable
you to reseed sod land in the right way.
We have in mind the Farmers’ Favorite,
made by The American Seeding-Machine
Co., Incorporated, Springfield, Ohio, and
we advise our readers to write to them
for their Farmers’ Favorite catalogue;
also go to your local dealer and ask to
see this drill. It pays to own a good
grain drill. If you want a good crop
the way to get it is to plant it right.
When you put in your seed any old
time, and in any old way, you shake
hands with that enemy of all mankind—
Failure.
Bickmore’s cS tl
Harness and Saddle Galls
Great hot weather remedy for galls, sore
shoulders, wire cuts, sores. A healing, cur¬
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with horsemen. Cures while horse works. Sold
by dealers ; money back if it rails. Send 5c
( for postage and packing) and get sample
aud 84-page valuable horse book.
Blckmore Gall Curs Company
Box 282 Old Town, Malno
I WANT FAIR PLAY.
i For 45 years I have fought all forms
i of trust combinations, have kept my
prices down where every farmer could
buy a first class scale at a fair price
, and have protected the dealer. Now
the implement dealers largely sub¬
sidized by the trusts say that if I sell
my scales to a farmer they won’t let me
, „ , sell to any dealer. All right. I am
ready for tho fight. Hereafter my price is ’he same to all
Money talks and any responsible man can buy my scales
on approval to be paid for on agreed terms at dealt; s
price. Money talks and your request on a postal card will
bring you my offer on any kind of a scale that you mav
want, big or little. Money talks and if you have the
money I have the scales and the inclination to fight tho
trust which says that no man can buy my scales without
paying a profit to tho dealer. Write me and soon.
JONES He Pays the Freight.”
20 May St., Binghamton, N. Y.
18J
that Virginia hen man.
Since Mr. James E. Walter, Jr., told us
on page 1211 about lijs hen business and
the great' “business ben,” “Queen Lil,”
there have been a number of questions.
The first is regarding this ben and her
record. Did she run at large, or was she
kept up with a small flock. Mr. Walters
now says regarding this:
You ask if * “Queen Lil” was trap-
nested, was in a pen alone or with
others. She was on free range with
about 65 other hens until February 1,
when her flock was reduced to about
45 hells and penned for breeding pur¬
poses. -We were trap-nesting at that
time about 230 pullets, No. 144 (Queen
Lil), leading with 234 eggs; No. 130,
second, 212.; No. 197, third, 199. We
never saw more than two or three in¬
fertile eggs from “Queen Lil,” while we
set probably 50 from No. 197, not one
of which was fertile. In contrast to the
above egg record, let us give the egg
record of four others for four months:
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February nt
No. 274 . r.
No. 279 . . .
No. 310 . . .
No. 311
Dec.
G
2
1
1
Jan.
4
1
G
1
Feb. Mar.
4 G
0 0
0 0
1 10
These pullets were all fed, bred and
handled alike in every way.
In an article by James E. Walter, Jr.,
on page 1211, be says: “Our most satis¬
factory bouses are 174x24 feet, 7% feet
high in front and 5% feet high in back,
facing south ; each house has two windows,
12 lights, 10x12 glass.” A house 24 feet
deep from front to back would need more
than two-foot pitch to the roof, and two
window's about 3x4 feet iu a house 174
feet long would make rather a dark house.
I am intfereSttd in Mr. Walters’ article be¬
cause we have recently come to Virginia,
and expect to raise chickens in an orchard
as be is doing. Wo are undecided as to
the best plan of poultry house to use in
this section, and so would like to know
what the dimensions of his poultry houses
really are, mbs. g. b. m.
The article should have read 14x24
feet and not 174 x 24 as printed. Mrs.
G. E. M. says she expects to raise chick¬
ens in an orchard as I am doing, so a
word of warning in regard to hawks
may not be out of place. The orchard
furnishes an ideal place for raising
chickens; it also furnishes ideal stalk¬
ing ground for the Blue-tailed hawk.
In the Blue Ridge section of Virginia
the hawks are quite numerous and we
lost last year not less .than 800 chickens
from this cause alone.
Virginia. james e. Walter, jr.
STOCK FOOD IN FLORIDA.
T Since the Hope Farm man began talking
about cattle raising in Florida, numerous
people have written about what can be
grown in that State for stock food. Some
of them seem to think Florida is a sort of
desert incapable of producing anything with¬
out a load of fertilizer. The fact is there
are few places where fodder crops can be
grown to better advantage. The following
statement by 1’rof. I*. II. Rolfs, of the
Florida Experiment Station, shows what can
be done.]
For forage to be used in the near future,
I might suggest the sowing of a mixture of
rye, oats and barley, using the seed iu about
equal proportions, and applying about a
bushel to a bushel and a half of the seed
to the acre. Of course, this would be prac-
1 ce!'.y wobblers. for grain purposes, but
good for green forage. For grazing pur¬
poses even as high as two bushels per
acre would not he too much. With this
mixture would be more or less of a succes¬
sion of feeds. Dwarf Essex rape might
also be sown in drills, if put in immediately,
though the chances are somewhat against
this making a good crop, since it is probable
that the warm weather would come on be¬
fore much grazing could be expected from it.
Late in February it would pay you to put
out a half acre or an acre of Japanese cane.
This would make Winter forage for next
year. Under favorable circumstances, you
would have 12 to 15 tons of green matter
per acre, if the land is fertile. Along in
xuarch sorghum might be sown in drills,
especially the early ripening varieties. This
would come in rather quickly and give some
grazing by about the last of May or first
of June. Corn might be sown iu the same
way. Then turn the stock in on them when
it got- to be about knee high. For this
purpose the corn should be sown thickly in
the drills.
. During August Velvet beans could be
planted, to provide a crop for next Winter.
The early part of April cow peas could also
be sown for early grazing. This would come
Into use in about eight weeks, or a little
longer. Cow peas and sorghum could be
sown during this month, broadcast, for
pasture purposes. This could be pastured
in about six to eight weeks from the time
of sowing. During this same month sow
beggarweed seed in the rough. It should
be sown in all the fields that are to be
planted to any kind of crop in which clean
culture is practiced duriug the early part
of the season. For quick germination,
beggarweed seed needs to be clean. This
can oe sown as late as in May with a fair
prospect of getting a crop. About the first
of July cow peas are sown for hay pur¬
poses. If they are sown in the cornfield,
they may be put in a little earlier, but in
the open they make the best crop, as a
rule, when sown between the first week
of July and last week of July. This will
mature soon after the rainy season has
closed. The beggarweed that lias been kept
back by late cultivation will also mature a
good crop of leguminous hay by the time
that the rainy season has closed. For mak¬
ing a permanent pasture in Florida, nothing
is better than Bermuda grass as a basis.
The seed does uot take readily, but it is
worth while to try it repeatedly if you
fail at first. The seed should be sown in
the Spring, some time after the middle of
April and before the middle of May. A
field sown to Bermuda needs to be mown
frequently, in the early part of the Sum¬
mer at least, to keep the rank weeds and
crabgrass from smothering out the delicate
Bermuda seedlings. After it had once gotten
a hold, it is likely to maintain itself. By
repeated mowings, the tall and rank weeds
are kept down and the more nutritious and
succulent native grasses, known locally as
the Paspalums, come in and make good
forage. Some of the Fall I'aspalums are
especially well adapted to make a perma¬
nent pasture. Seed of these native Paspalums
is not on the market, consequently one has
to depend upon a more or less “ hit and
.miss” plan to get these distributed through
the Bermuda pasture.
In the last 10 years I have seen a number
of first-class, good pastures in Florida, a
tiling that we formerly thought was not
possible. In every one of these the Ber¬
muda grass was the foundation. Then i
native grasses came in and gave grazing for
a considerable portion of the year. There
is usually uo difficulty in getting an abun¬
dance of" feed up to about the first of De¬
cember. From the first of December to
about the middle of March we need to pro¬
vide come cultivated crop for forage. Of
course, cattle will live ' through, but they
are about as nearly worthless as anything
one could well imagine. This year cattle
on the range have had good grazing up to
the present, and we still have some very
fair looking cattle on the open range, but
from this on it will he pretty severe on
them. The Velvet bean is the one crop
that has done more for beef-raising in
Florida than any other. It now stands
about sixth or seventh among our cultivated
farm crops. r. h. roi.FS.
Use Indestructible Hameless Horse and Mule Collars
To prevent and cure sore shoulders. No hames, pads or straps; stronger,
lighter, better. Made of metal and zinc coated. Guaranteed not to rust in
any climate. Adjustable in size to fit animal if spring fat or fall poor.
Holds it’s shape. Cheaper because everlasting. Easy to put on and take off.
w1toerrray YEAR’S FREE TRIAL
Endorsed by veterinaries and team owners as the only collar fit to use on
horse or mule. Used by City Fire Departments and U. S. Government. Sold
direct where dealer does not handle them. Good agents wanted. Address
JOHNSTON-Sl.OCUM CO., 708 State Street, CARO, MICHIGAN
This Rope Tackle Locks and Stays Looked!
The
BURR
Block
Stays
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The Burr Automatic Safety Tackle Block is the only one that
compares with the chain block, but it is 100% easier to manip¬
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does not gouge and chew into the rope every time it is set.
One man alone can do more lifting than three strong men with the aid ot
Burr Automatic
Safety Tackle Block
You do not need to call for help every time you want to change a wagon
vn<
box, or on automobile body, stretch a wire, or lift any heavy weight when
you own a Burr block. You would not be without it after using a Burr block.
Our smallest block (capacity 600 pounds) costs but 75 cents.
Our largest block (capacity 5,000 pounds) costs but $4.45. Tho
Burr block pays for itself in a very short time in the labor
and time saved through its use. Tho Burr block has a hundred
uses on every farm.
Write us and we will tell you the name of the dealer in your
locality who handles the Burr block. Send for free booklet
of valuable information about hundling heavy objects. This
booklet gives full information about the Burr Antomatio
Safety Tackle Block— prices, sizes, capacities. Write for it
today.
BURR MFG. C0.f 136 Viaduct, Cleveland, 0.
THE PLANT FOOD PROBLEM SOLVED
BY USERS OF
Bradley’s Fertilizers
“The World’s Best By Every Test”
Sometimes farmers say they cannot afford to use as much
as 1000 lbs. of fertilizer per acre, yet many farmers have
proved that as much or more is very profitable to them.
How much to use is a problem every one must work out
for himself. Our most successful customers say they find
as they have increased from year to year the amount of
fertilizer used, the easier it has been to pay for it. This is
the way they express the greater profit derived from using
1500 to 2000 lbs. per acre instead of a smaller quantity on
their market crops.
Many of them use a ton to the acre of Bradley’s High Grade
Fertilizer and find that it pays in the crop marketed and in the up¬
keep or improvement of the land for succeeding crops. You cannot
tell without experimenting how much fertilizer will pay you best. If
you have not already solved this problem, begin next season and use
«•
Bradley’s Fertilizers
Our local agents have a new descriptive booklet and
calendar for 1911 for you. If we have no agent near you
-— *• * «■
write us today- for our agency proposition. Address Depart¬
ment M
BRADLEY FERTILIZER WORKS
OF THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CO.
92 State St.,
Boston.
2 Rector St.,
New York.
P. 0. Drawer 970,
Buffalo.
Rose Building,
Cleveland.
Cincinnati Office, 1204 Second National Bank Building.
1911
181
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE
Receipts of fish at Boston, Mass., dup¬
ing 1910 amounted to 102,059,154 pounds,
the heaviest on record.
Following are the top prices per 10-
hour day paid the following workmen in
Germany: Plumbers, $1.20; pattern mak¬
ers, $1.67 ; carpenters, 95 cents ; bricklay¬
ers, $1.19 ; type setters, $1.20 ; blacksmiths,
83 cents; weavers, 64 cents; painters, 86
cents ; street laborers, 71 cents.
Large Tobacco Sales. — Danville, Va., is
a great tobacco market. Auction sales of
loose leaf tobacco there January 31
amounted to nearly 1,000,000 pounds. This
is the heaviest day's business done in any
one market this season.
Beans by Weight. — The New York
wholesale bean dealers have adopted weight
instead of measure as the basis for trade
here. The new rule, in effect February 1,
provides that 100 pounds, instead of one
bushel, shall be the standard, and that
sales shall be at net weight. The tares
to be deducted are as follows : Cotton
seamless sacks, 12 ounces; one-bushel light
sacks, six ounces ; California Lima sacks,
eight ounces ; jute sacks in which imported
beans are received, two pounds.
Trade with Canada.— During 1910 our
exports to Canada amounted to $223,501,-
809. and our imports, $104,199,675. The
heaviest items of import were : Lumber
products, $20,607,086 ; flaxseed, $6,430,509 ;
wood pulp, $4,966,536; coal, $4,508,120;
fish, $3,613,688; cream, $1,884,175; hay,
$1,464,429; live stock, $20,607,086; oats,
$249,859; wheat, $119,898; potatoes, $29,-
000. Following were the largest exports :
Coal, $32,515,003; lumber, $9,308,943;
fruits and nuts, $6,183,012 ; corn, $5,557,-
199; wheat, $1,063,403; machinery, $11,-
514,511; live stock, $3,580,812; meat pro¬
ducts, $3,158,140; hay, $161,435; potatoes,
$155,814; butter, $59,064. Of Canada's
entire trade, 50 per cent is with the United
States ; 35.9 per cent with Great Britain ;
France, 1.9; Germany, 1.5; British West
Indies, 1.3. The remainder is divided
among Newfoundland, Belgium, South
America, Australia, Africa, Netherlands
and Japan.
Eggs. — While white eggs continue nomin¬
ally above 30 cents, the bulk of the mar¬
ket Is on a much lower basis and de¬
cidedly weak in the face of the steadily
increasing receipts. Interior markets are
overstocked, and large numbers who ordin¬
arily sell nearer home, have been discour¬
aged by the drop in price and are looking
for an outlet in New York, but with gen¬
erally disappointing results so far as im¬
proved prices are concerned. Offering
goods to a falling market is discouraging
business, as buyers are critical and unwill¬
ing to take more than enough for current
needs.
Bleached Oats. — Why is it we cannot
purchase any oats except those which are
bleached? What is the process of bleach¬
ing, and does it affect the quality of the
oats ? p. c.
Maine.
A common method of bleaching is ex¬
posure, of the oats to sulphur fumes, which
improve . the appearance of discolored or
weatherbeaten grain. The principle is the
same as in bleaching dried apples, and is
quite easily carried out in grain elevators,
where large quantities of oats are stored.
It is not thought that the bleaching in¬
jures the feeding qualities of the grain,
but its germination is likely to be lowered.
In business on grain exchanges bleached
oats are classed as “purified” and are sub¬
ject to special inspection rules. It is
doubtful whether many retail buyers are
told that oats are bleached or otherwise,
and when they are sold badly weathered
grain that has been made to look bright
by any artificial process, they are swindled
to that extent.
Those Milk Rules mentioned on page
175 are probably well meant; but there is
serious doubt whether the “Grade A” and
“Grade B,” etc., business will follow the
milk to the consumer. So long as dipped
milk can be had at a lower price than
bottled it will be used for infant food by
the thousands who must practice the
closest economy. It is said that the eagle
hustles her nestlings out of the nest in
order to make them fly, and it would seem
as though such a process might be good for
sonic of those responsible for health board
rU?' s' v.*Z-> shut up their laboratories and
offices for a day or two, and put in the
time on the street in localities where milk
is retailed in violation of all sanitary
rules- The laboratory bacteria could weil
be , left to slumber in their “cubic centi¬
meters'’ without being counted, while the
big guns in the department were learning
more about the actual retail sale of milk,
and perhaps, shooing a few of the street
microbes out of the open cans or bottles.
w. w. h.
TH EC RURAL NEW-YORKER
NOTES ON PARCELS POST.
Lice on Heifer.
I had a heifer come home from the pas¬
ture last Fall covered with lice, the great
black kind. What can I do for her? I
have been washing in dip solution, but do
not seem to get rid of them. c. p. r
Maine.
Four ounces of stavesacre seeds boiled
n a gallon of water makes a sure killer of
„ oal tar dip solution made creamy
uith flowers of sulphur also proves effec¬
tive, but whatever is used should be re¬
applied in 10 days to kill new broods of
lice hatched from nits. Also clean up, dis¬
infect and whitewash the stable, a. s a
Having been a silent reader of The
R. N.-Y. for some time I thought I would
write a few ideas that have been troubling
me for some time about parcels post. The
anti-parcels post league is sending out
literature to all the merchants in country
towns, including petitions to be presented
to patrons, and a lengthy article to be sent
in to each local newspaper, telling the poor
deluded farmer why he should vote against
parcels post. They also include the min¬
utes of a meeting of the league signed by
perhaps 200 firms. I cannot remember who
made the speeches, but the drift of their
worry seemed to be that if we had parcels
post the jobbers or middlemen would
straightway be out of a job. They all
agreed that this would be a sure thing, and
they were nearly all jobbers. I presume
almost any one can figure out results from
this ; that the consumer and the consumer
only supports the jobber. They acknowl¬
edge that the producer and consumer would
deal more direct. Now in regard to a par¬
cels post putting the small town merchant
out of business, it seems to me that if the
small merchant who buys in quantities and
has his goods come by freight at from
one-half cent to a cent and a half per
pound cannot compete with the mail order
houses plus the postal rate per pound,
then I think they should go out of business
and stay out.
Referring to LT. S., page 59. in regard to
selling potatoes to the storekeeper, I had
the same experience. I was offered the
price asked by the wholesaler and they
would not figure in the freight, and that is
not all. I do not know how IT. S. would
have been paid, but I would have been
compelled to take my pay “in trade.” I do
not know whether the wholesaler made oc¬
casional trips to my town to trade out
his potato money or not, but I am in¬
clined to think that he received cash for
his spuds.
It seems to me that old argument about
the merchant helping to support the schools
and churches is about ready for patches.
It is getting holes in it. Every cent that
he pays toward schools and churches is
contributed by his patrons. It is nothing
out of his poeket at all. Just as a few
years ago, when a certain oil king used to
bestow a few hundred thousand on some
college, the price of oil would suddenly soar.
In reality the consumer made the gift, but
the oil king got all the glory, and he Is
only a sample. And speaking of oil, we
get Standard Oil product in five-gallon lots
at 20 cents per gallon. No competition
here. p. b.
Nebraska.
SCOTT’S
EMULSION
IS THE ONLY EMULSION
IMITATED
If there was any other
Emulsion as good as SCOTT’S,
SCOTT’S would not be the
only one imitated.
For thirty-five years it has
been the standard remedy for
Coughs , Colds , Loss o_f
Flesh, Anemia, "Bronchitis
A.JVD
CONSUMPTION
Be sure to get SCOTT’S; every
bottle of it is guaranteed and backed by
a world-wide reputation.
ALL DRUGGISTS
RAKES HAY RIGHT WAY
w> Jnepair parts supplied for
WON ME
Genuine New York Champion ^
flay Rake, now an Iron A^e proa- _
r JCt, made from original patterns; light, —
strong, compact, gets all the hay; levers^
convenient and easily operated; no jar — easy
r !>n horse and rider; 8,9 and 10ft widths; lasts a ,
life-time; known everywhere for 32 years as BEST.
Repair parts supplied for old rakes.
Farm and
_ Barden Too/a
Stock carried at Canastota and Elmira, N. Y., Spring-
field Maes., Burnham, Me., and by our agent*
erally. Write to day for Anniversary "GsedOM;
Catalog, showing Potato Machin< Vrlsudagj
cry. Ilay Kakes, Garden, Or- sfc
chard and other tools— free. i
k BATEMAN M’F’GCO.,.
Box 102 R
GRENLOCH.
N. J. [
Make Boy’s Work
of Plowing
Any boy old enough to drive can plow
as well as a man by using
WINNER PLOW TRUCKS
They hold plow handles steady and take nearly
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plowing. No more jerking
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horses, too. Draft is actually
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Trial. Money cheerfully
refunded if not satisfactory. Free cata¬
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L. R. LEWIS, Box F, Cortland, N. Y.
-Jh>. — -f-'Z
Vi
di
irdu
s wf**
Save
$5 to $8 a Ton on Feed
Get — put your cows in better condition. I am
More ?oins it— so are hundreds of others, and I want
ams/tf to proclaim the good news to every dairyman
who has not yet tried the new
SCHUMACHER
FEEDING PLAN
Here it is: Mix Schumacher Feed to the amount of V3 to % your
— ; - ration with any high protein concentrates you are now
feeding, such as Gluten, Oil meal, Cottonseed meal, Malt sprouts. Distil¬
lers grains, Blue Ribbon Dairy Feed or other high protein feed and you
will be surprised at the increase in flow, the improvement in condition
of your cows and the saving in cost of your feed. The high quality
of Schumacher and the favorable prices of grains making it pos¬
sible to buy Schumacher at about the cost of bran saves you $5
to $8 a ton. Ask your dealer for it, or write to us.
The Quaker Oats Company
Chicago, I/. S. 4.
The Quaker Oats Co.,
Gentlemen : — During the past few
months, I have been feeding my dairy
a ration composed of equal parts of
Gluten Feed and Distillers Grains.
About two weeks ago I left out the Dis¬
tillers Grains and began using Schu¬
macher Feed in its place and feeding
just the same amount. In 2 days my
dairy has gained 30 pounds of milk per
Gained
30 lbs .
from
14 Cows
day, 13 of these cows have been milked
since last March and April.
The most important point in this test
is th© tact that, while Schumacher’s cost
me $6.00 per ton less than the Distillers
Grains, my cows actually gained in milk
by feeding it, and at a time when every
dairyman knows, cows that have been
milked so long usually shrink in flow.
J. E. MUKUAy, Freedom, N. Y.
piajnet
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The 191 1 Planet Jr catalogue is free. It illustrates,
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Box
S I. Allen & Co
1107 V
Philadelphia Pa
mm
Monarch
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Great strength and ca¬
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The One Harrow
Bargain of 1911
Proved on Thirty Days Free Trial-No Money Down
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No other harrow can equal this original tongueless disc for quality.
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Detroit-American tondiuscesv v k“
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il
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183
PUBLISHER’S DESK
At one time in December I told you
that we were a little disappointed with
subscription returns. They were run¬
ning just a little ahead of last year, but
not in proportion to the increased list
for this year. The first day of January
gave us a cheering record, being the
best single day’s mail ever received.
The record for the month is even bet¬
ter. The increase for the month of
January was 22 per cent over the same
month last year. It is the kind of in¬
dorsement that inspires courage in the
work, and we want to thank those who
send this expression of their approval
and confidence.
The Woman’s League of America of
Conesville, Iowa, have had a woman here
for two nights talking to the people about
Lewis's Chapter House, and trying to get
members. I didn’t attend, for I have no
time for Lewis or his fake games, and if
more people read The R. N.-Y., they
wouldn't have, either. B. a. h.
Iowa.
Lewis would never have been able to
collect all the money he got from coun¬
try people if the papers had told the
people of his schemes. If these women
paid by Lewis out of your money ask
you to put up your cash, you tell them
that you may consider it after Lewis
has paid back the money he got from
poor women years ago. We have now
nearly $25,000 of accounts against him
that we would like to get for our sub¬
scribers.
The Moore Seed Company, Philadelphia,
Pa.
This is a good time to remember that
this concern has $8.80, which a New
York State farmer sent them two years
ago for Alfalfa seed, under a guarantee
of purity or money refunded. The De¬
partment at Washington, D. C., also
Cornell Agricultural College found it
badly adulterated with weed seeds. It
was returned, but the company refused
to refund the money. If they ask your
trade, ask them for an explanation. Help
make that sort of trade unpopular.
Martin Decker, Public Service Commis¬
sioner, after hearing in Utica, N. Y., the
complaint of J. B. & H. B. Sykes, publish¬
ers, of Clinton, concerning overcharges on
express packages, said that a general re¬
duction, averaging 20 per cent., would be
ordered in the charges for carrying all ex¬
press packages under 100 pounds weight.
He also said that all express companies,
whether they carriea packages entirely
within the State or beyond, must agree to
convey them by the most direct route to
their destinations, and that a uniform
graded rate would be enforced where the
packages are carried by twQ or more com¬
panies. The complaint arose about pack¬
ages sent from Rochester and Buffalo to
Clinton. Instead of being sent by the most
direct route they were carried long dis¬
tances around in order to be kept in the
hands of one company. One package went
816 miles to cover 225 miles and was
charged for accordingly, while the delay
was several days. The express companies
were represented by counsel, but the cases
were so well established that they agreed
that the changes and concessions named
should be made.
The above is from a local paper. It
is to be hoped that these express com¬
panies will come under control sooner
or later. They sorely try the patience
of shippers.
Union Central Life Insurance Company,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
The stock issue of this company has
been the subject of criticism; and affairs
of the company would warrant inquiry
of your State Insurance Superintendent
before making investment.
The claim for the case of eggs which
I turned over to you for collection from
Adams Express Co. has been settled by
the Express Company tracing the delivery
to the wrong party. The case in question
was shipped to Walker-Gordon Laboratory,
Bhadyside Station, I’lttsburg, Pa., and was
delivered to W. Nlelander. Mr. Nielander
has kindly sent his check for the eggs
and satisfied the claim. I had access to
to the correspondence of the officers of
the Express Company, on the matter and
you certainly had them “going some.” I
probably would never have located the
eggs if you had not helped out. I ap¬
preciate this service and am enclosing
stamps to pay your postage. I will try
to compensate you by helping to circu¬
late the farmers’ true friend — The Rubal
New-Yorker. With best wishes truly
yours. J- T- c-
The R. N.-Y. is glad to have been
able to assist in the adjustment of a
just cause.
The George G. Clows Company, Phila¬
delphia, Pa., has finally sent me check for
my full claim of $54.02 which I sent you.
I could get no settlement from them be¬
fore I sent you this claim. They did not
mention The R. N.-Y., but I do not think
they wanted their methods of employing
agents shown up. I thank you heartily
for serving me. w-
New York.
The contract with this old man was
that he should work for $2 per day;
but he was to take one-third of his col¬
lections and of sales, and send them the
balance, and if his commission did not
TTHLE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 11,
amount to $2 per day, they were to send
him a check for the balance. He also
sent them $6.50 for outfit which they
promised to return. But when he de¬
manded a check to make up his $2 per
day, they refused to send it. He says
they told him that he was an old man,
and $1 a day was enough. It is an old
trick of commission houses to make a
contract that looks as if they would pay
by the day, as the certainty attracts
agents, but at the end the agent finds
he has been working on commission of
sales. You can be sure that any con¬
cern which puts up a fake contract with
an agent, will put up fake goods for his
customers, and that at best the agent
is buying an opportunity to fleece his
neighbors.
I notice In your Issue of December SI
an Inquiry from Nelson, N. Y., about tbe
“Di Nuovo Brothers Cheese Co.” A fellow
by the name of Tony Di Nuovo and Tony,
Bennie and Morris Spadafora came here
and bought two cheese factories one year
ago last Fall. The farmers through them
sold the milk to the Phoenix Cheese Co.
last Winter. In the Spring they wanted
to make up the milk their way. but the
farmers would not let them and insisted
that they make up the choose for the farm¬
ers at $1.15 per 100 pounds, and the money
for the cheese was to be deposited in the
name of a local man and checked out to the
farmers by him. The Italians did a good
straight deal all Summer. Last September
they wanted to buy the milk right out and
offered the farmers within five cents per
100 pounds as much as the Borden Co. paid
at Edmeston, N. Y. This seemed to appeal
to the farmer, and with fear and trembling
the farmers agreed to let them have the
milk. They were to have 60 days’ milk
and then pay for 30 days. The farmers
carried the 60 days’ milk and on the first
day of November Tony Spadafora gave out
the checks for 30 days' milk and in about
two hours after he started for the trolley at
Sehuylers Lake, N. Y., and he lias not been
seen since. lie gave the checks out on
Monday morning and we found out they
were protested Tuesday P. M. Some time
last April these fellows got incorporated
under the name of Globe Cheese Co., but the
Johnson factory was mortgaged as the prop¬
erty of Morris Spadafora, also the Sponable
factory. They took out of this little settle¬
ment of farmers about $18,000, and it makes
very hard times here. Business houses are
heavy losers also.
An Italian by the name of Tony DI
Nuovo is making up the whey at West
Exeter, N. Y.. now. He is buying it from
the Phoenix Cheese Co. He is the one who
was with the Spadaforas up till last April,
when he got out and the others were in¬
corporated. D.
Burlington Flats, N. Y.
Another letter from the same place
explains further:
The company here was made up of three
Di Nuovo brothers and three Spadafora
brothers. The I)i Nuovos have been doing
business at Brookfield, N. Y., for about nine
years and though they have sometimes been
slow, have always paid the farmers. The
Spadaforas were now in the company. The
Di Nuovos now claim that they were dis¬
satisfied with the Spadaforas; at any rate,
they dissolved, the I)i Nuovos continuing at
Brookfield and the Spadaforas taking the
two plants at Burlington Flats and form¬
ing the Globe Cheese Company, incorporat¬
ing under New York State laws. H. p.
New York.
Milk producers' have probably fol¬
lowed this case, and will now quite
clearly understand the situation. It
seems that the Di Nuovo Bros, were not
connected with tbe creamery at Burling¬
ton Flats when it failed. But we have
been unable to find any rating for either
of them that would justify an extension
of credit.
On December 13, 1009, I had the Crescent
Candy Co., 112 South Howard St., Balti¬
more, Md., ship us 10 boxes of candy for
Christmas, which they shipped to Romney
all right, and when m,v teamster called for
it the agent said it was not there. I had
the Candy Co. send a tracer after it and
he wrote them that he sent it out to me
on December 15. I sent a dozen times for
it, and every time he would tell the teamster
that it had not come yet. So on May 13,
1910, a neighbor was in the depot hunting
for some goods that the agent said were
not there and in moving a lot of old casting
found our candy. The candy had become
stale and I refused to accept it. The cost
of the candy was $6. Do you think you
could collect it for me? J. c. H.
West Virginia.
We collected this $6 and sent it to our
friend in time to get his Christmas candy
for 1910, just a year late.
I am just In receipt of check for $11.23
from J. II. Schneider & Co., of New York,
in settlement of claim for seven crates
berries short in a shipment made in .Tune,
1905. But for you I would have lost the
whole thing, as I could never get any
satisfaction out of them. In fact, it would
be mild to say that they treated me with
scant courtesy, as their letters to me will
prove. I am exceedingly obliged to you
for your kindness and promptness in the
matter. - w. a. b.
North Carolina.
Five years does seem a long time to
wait for such settlement, but a claim
does not become outlawed short of six
years. It was settled in five months
after we received the complaint. The
consignee claimed that the shipment
was never received : but we have no
record to show whether the transporta¬
tion company settled for it to Schneider
& Co. or not. We are satisfied that the
farmer got his cash finally. J. J, D.
POULTRY
TRUTHS
After all, it’s the I
TRUTH— the plain A, . .
unvarnished prac- Jf/M. f ,
tical facts ■ about gprfjefflf-
poultry-raising, that
you want, not theories Nf “
advanced by writers
who too often have ”an axe
to grind.”
Mr. S. B. Twining, a lead¬
ing authority on practical
poultry-raising for profit, has
written a valuable book that
gives readers the benefit of his
life-long experience — a plain,
honest statement of facts.
Every phase of the poultry business is
covered including Capon Culture.
POULTRY TRUTHS is being sold
on its merits— no connection with any
publication or advertising scheme.
You’lLfind it profitable to read
this book. No other book contains
\ so much practical, reliable advice.
| AA PER COPY
I lUV POSTPAID
Send for Your Copy Today.
AFTON FARMS. Box D-l,
Yardley, Pa.
CHICKS Baby CHICKS
S. C. WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS of Standard Quality.
We guarantee chicks to be hatched from eggs laid
by our own breeders and shipped only when day-old.
We Can Please You. We Will Please You.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator having a capa¬
city of 10,200 eggs.
. . Have Your Orders Booked. Circular Free.
SPRING WATER POULTRY FARM, Stockton. New Jersey.
We will have some
promising April
hatched Single Comb
White Leghorn Cock¬
erels at $2.00 and $3.00
each; grand early
WHITE LEGHORNS
- AND -
PEKIN DUCKS
hatched Barred Rock Cockerels sired by 10 pound
cocks for $3.00 and $5.00 each. Remember our
strain of Imperial Pekin Ducks, Madison Square '
Garden Blue Ribbon Winners, is second to none.
Have 1,000 now to select from. Orders booked for
early delivery of batching eggs in any quantity or
day-old chicks and ducklings. Also Bronze Turkeys
and their eggs for sale. Incubators 10,000 eggs ca¬
pacity. Cyphers agents. Correspondence invited.
Satisfaction guaranteed. The only large successful
plant in the vicinity of Now York City. Bonnie
Brae Poultry Farm, New Rochelle, N. Y.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
WINNINGS— Madison Square Garden, N.Y., 1910 —
4th Pen-S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
5th Pen-WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS.
Baltimore, Md., 1911—
1st Pen— 2d PULLET and 5th COCKEREL
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS (three entries).
We are now booking orders for
HATCHING EGGS and DAY-OLD CHICKS.
We have for sale at moderate prices the best lot
of breeding Cockerels that we have ever offered.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A breeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
S. O. W. TiEGHOrLKTS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y, HAVRE 0E GRACE, Maryland.
LAKEHILL farm
W. H. THACHKR.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W P. Books
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks. $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 pqy 100- Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery ot hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery guaranteed. Satis¬
faction. CAUL W. LLOYD, Mgr,, HILLSIDE,
Westchester County. N. Y.
Kirkup’s U tility Strain S.C. White Leghorns
Bred for vigor, size and large white market eggs.
Eggs and Baby Chicks for sale. Custom hatching a
specialty. Semi for circular. Kirkup Bros., Mattituck.L.I.
Baby Cbioks 10c EacbiJs
horn, (’an furnish in any number I am booking
orders for early deliveries. Circular free. CHAS. R.
STONE, Baby Chicken Farm, Staatsburg-on-Hudson, N. Y.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS— Quality
Kind, Famous Lakewood Strain, Young and old
stock for sale; Hatching eggs for early delivery.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, New Jersey.
Eggs For Hatching-!',,;,',,;.
Indian Runner Ducks, High-class stock-
utility, show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 002
Fifth Street. Brooklyn, N. Y.
Davis S. C, Reds BS-
COCKERELS
$3 and $5 each. EGGS FOR HATCHING.
BABY CHICKS — $15 and $20 per 1 00 after March 1.
BOOK ORDERS NOW. Davis Poultry Farm, Berlin, Mass.
varieties,
ataiogue.
CXCORNELL
GASOLINE
BROODER HEATER
Equal to fourKetosene Heaters
Cares for 200 chicks.
Needs little attention.
No lamps to trim.
No ashes, no dirt, no soot.
Absolutely safe.
Perfectly Ventilated.
PRICE COMPLETE
CAPACITY
200
CHICKS
Recommended by The New York State
College o"f Agriculture.
.... Send for Free Catalog . . .
TREMAN, KING & CO.,
Dept. M, ITHACA, NEW YORK.
MANUFACTURERS OF POULTRY HOUSE APPLIANCES.
“Hatching Facts” Free
Your address on a postal brings la¬
test edition of “Hatching Facts ” ft
tells how to start right at least ex¬
pense; how Belle City won World’ a
Championship last season. Write to¬
day, but if in a hurry order direct from
J. V. Rohan. Pres. Belle City Incubator Co •
this ad.
.53 Buys Best
140-Egg Incubator
Doublecases all over ;best copper
tank; nursery, self-regulating.
Best 140-chick hot-water broodor,
$4.85. Both ordered together,
$11.50. Freight prepaid (E. of
Rockies).
No machines
at any price
are better. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for book today
or send pricenow and save time.
Bell* City Incubator Company, Box 48
Racine, WisconSD
1 CC Egg Incubator $ 1 1 25
Chick Brooder A -■-
A*"*’ Chick Brooder A
FREIGHT PREPAID (East of Rockies)
The Progressive has cold rolled copper
tank, hot water heat, double disc regulator,
self ventilating, deep nursery, high legs,
double doors, safety lamp. It Is made from
Special Heat and Cold Resisting Material
with hundreds of dead air cells. Write today.
PROGRESSIVE INCUBATOR CO., Box 145 Racine, WIs.
G. C. WHEELER, Manager.
125 Egg Incubator $10
and Brooder Bo£r
I If ordered together we send
kboth for SIO. Freight
1 paid east of Rockies. Hot
water, copper tanks, double walls,
double glass doors. Free catalo,
describes them. Send for it today
Wisconsin Incubator Co.,
Box 118, r Racine, Wis.
Quality Higher-Price Lower
* - — - — — We beat them all again. Get
our DIRECT-TO-YOU prop¬
osition, low prices, and IUG
SUCCESSFUL
Inoubatora and Brooders before you buy
anywhere this year — the greatest value
ever offered. Catalog FREE— send name.
If you want a book on “Proper Care of
Cbioks, T'“ ■'*“ — ” — jja —
jTrled and Proven
for 17 Years
Dob Moines Incubator Co.
I, Ducks, Turkeys”— send 10 cents.
00 Second St., Des Moines, la.
MAKE HENS LAYH
THOROUGH BRED POULTRY-Best twenty v
A Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1; 40, $2. Ca
H. Iv. MOHR, Qtiakertown, Pa.. Route 3.
LARGE TOULOUSE GEESE, White Wyandotte Cockerels
and White P. Rock Hens and Cockerels for sale.
Prices low for quality. E. Schieber , R. 2, Bucyrus, Ohio,
Pure Bred Bronze Turkeys
From l>rize-winning Strains. Stamp.
MRS. HARRIET CHUMBLEY, Draper, Va.
fl more eggs; larger, more vigorous chicks;
heavier fowls, by feeding cut bone.
M a uiDC latest model
I MANN O bone cutter
I cuts fast, easy, fine; never clogs.
1 10 Days’ Free Trial. No money in advance. Book free.
IkF.W.MANN CO., Box It, MILFORD, MASS. ■
FOODS
are demanded and used by successful
poultrymen everywhere because our
goods are reliable. Every ounce of grain is
clean and nourishing. Lowest prices. Full
weight. Prompt shipments. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Send today for Booklet and
FREE Souvenir. Don’t delay.
TAYLOR BROS., 10 Market Street, CAMDEN, N. J.
it
itDEN, N. J.
GRIT
M AKA-SHEL SOLUBLE
Bright, sharp, shining,
a k e s bone and
Increases Egg-
Production when |
Eggs are high.
Ask your dealer, or send us §1.00 for two
100-lb. bags f. o. b. cars. Booklet free
EDCE HILL SILICA ROCK CO.,
Box J. New Brunswick, N. J.
Now Ready — Free To You
Cyphers Big Poultry Book
riDuiduic ruuiiiy i\aJMU^ icnh dll dUUUi AlucriCd S Dliiion QOlIctr lDGUStry,
Written by practical men for practical people, 212 pages illustrated, helpful
facts— money-making suggestions. Tells how to get hatches of 90% or
more. Interesting, profitable reading. Sent to you free by the makers of
loal CH INCUBATORS the non-moisture,
^ 1 1 W and BROODERS self ventl lat i ng,
self-regulating, fireproof, insurable, guaranteed hatchers. Address our place of business nearest you*
Cyphers Incubator Company, Dept. 30, Buffalo, N. Y.
New York City, Chicago, Ill., Boston, Mass., Kansas City, Mo.. Oakland, Cal. 2000 Selling Agents.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
183
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, February 11, 1911
FARM TOPICS.
The Cost of a Crop . 154
The Farmer’s Share . 158
Ground Bone Top Dressing . 158
Enthusiastic Over Alfalfa . 159
Cow Peas for Hay . 162
Profits in Canning . 162
Lime or Limestone, Which? . 163
Lime on Meadow . 164
Changing a Pensylvania Rotation .... 165
Hope Farm Notes . 166
Good Farming at the South . 175
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
The Willow Wall Poultry Farm.. 153.
Hens That Lav .
Rape for Hen Pasture .
Raising Turkeys in Close Quarters. . . .
Selecting the Laving Hens .
An Orchard for Ilog Pasture .
Parasites in Horses. . . .
Weaning Foal . .
Paralysis . .
Thriftless Pig . .
Arguments for the Guernsey Cow. 173,
The West Virginia Poultry Plant .
Milk . . .
Selecting Breeding Stock !!!!!!!!!!!!
A Village Flock . .
A Connecticut Butter Ration..!!!!!!
Grain With Cornstalks .
Balancing the Feed .
Frozen Turnips for Stock.. .
Cornstalks for Horses .
Sunflowers in the Silo .
Feeding Collies . .
Lice on Sow . . . . . .
That Virginia Hen Man . !!!!!!
Stock Food in Florida .
Lice on Heifer .
HORTICULTURE.
The Mulgoba Mango .
What About Pedigreed Trees? .
Annual Bearing of Apple Trees .
Hen Manure on Fruit .
Use of Coal Ashes .
Pecan Trees in the North .
Making and Using Lime-Sulphur .. 160,
Duration of Strawberries .
A “Restorer” for Fruit Trees .
An Improved Black Walnut .
About the Salvia .
Culture of the Mango .
Cheap Plan for Starting Trees .
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . . .
Care of Soapstone Griddles .
Popovers Too Moist .
Cream Corn Bread . . .
Doughnuts .
The Rural Patterns . ! . ! !
Experience With Zinc .
The Bookshelf .
MISCELLANEOUS.
Guaranteed Machinery .
Woman’s Rights in Property..
Rights in Water Vein .
Farm. Tenancy .
Repairs to Private Road....
Right of Way .
Buying Mortgaged Farm.....
Business and Speculation. . . .
Paraguay Tea .
A Word for The R. N.-Y .
Editorials .
Other People’s Money........
Whitewood for Building .
Notes on Parcels Post .
Products. Prices and Trade...
Publisher’s Desk .
154
155
155
156
156
156
161
161
162
163
165
167
175
170
170
170
170
170
171
171
171
155
159
159
159
159
159
159
159
161
161
168
169
175
181
181
182
GKAIN
Wheat, No. 1. Northern Spring . 1.17 ffi ...
No- 2. Red . . 99 ® ...
No. 1 Macaroni . 1.03 ® ...
Corn, as to quality, bush . 50 ® 53
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ .38
,{ye . 80 @ .84
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 26 00 ® 27 00
Standard Middlings . 25>5 ® 28!o()
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop . 22.50 ® 23.50
Linseed Meal . 35.00 @ 36.00
Corn Meal . 24.OO ® 26.00
WOOL
EJ-eeces, Delaine. unwashed.. 26 ® .27
Ohio Fine Delaine, unwashed . 25 27
Idaho Wools. . jg r<s ;]8j^
Wyoming Wools . . @ og
Montana Wools . . ® ’22
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.85
Middling Gulf . 15.10
New Orleans, Low Middling . 14.40
Good Middling . 15*25
After years of poultry experience, I find
that the two most important factors in suc¬
cessful Winter egg production are six square
«« of floor space and plenty of straw, with
halt the feed usually given. This spells
eggs, provided all the other needs are at¬
tended to. I consider the straw of wheat
equal in value to the grain for poultry.
Connecticut. l. l.
We are having a general break-up in
the weather. Rains for 10 days, snow all
gone; mild weather, plenty of water in
wells. Wheat looking good, all stock winter¬
ing well Ice about all stored away. Stock
selling high ; wheat, 90 cents ; oats, 38
cents ; corn, 50 cents ; rye, 70 cents, po¬
tatoes, oO cents. Eggs, 32 cents ; butter,
-8 cents ; chickens, 10 cents ; lard, 13 cents •
nani, 16 cents, onions, 50 cents, d. d s
Snyder Co., Pa.
‘ ' •’ A • |
n alON7nC?ie-« Hen Law.— In The R. N.-Y.,
page (0, i notice communication in regard
to hens. You are in error in saying there
lives’ £merdy for. Winter damage if inquirer
™ +• ? Connecticut. See. 1225 of Con-
of sivmn dni7Scd Statutes provides a fine
tresnlao d?llars a,nd also a civil suit for
that it TO^Ii^aiV’ however, of the opinion
to *fo h d be- b,JttP’’ for aU concerned
f 18 s,uch a statute. Bear
neighbors T 1Si good rule t0 have S°0(3
i 1 have never known a case
v lieie there was but one party to a quarrel
easeK'ofmtbieth^re, W,1L be a ^prisaT in a
tw !,mth and a flharrel will start
that will not be gotten over in a hurry. \
wmd All tbe 7est(- ''emedy ; one which
'MU not kill, merely frighten. e. a. c.
PUNT AHD FERTILIZE
AT ONE TRIP
154
161
164
164
165
172
172
172
172
172
174
174
175
176
176
178
178
178
178
179
179
179
179
180
ISO
181
Eclipse Corn Planter
and Fertilizer Distributer
Improved row marker. Wide range for hill
spacing, 6 to 45 inches. Handles any kind of fer¬
tilizer, In any condition, 50 to 450 lbs. per acre.
W e make a special gear which sows 600 lbs. per
acre. Plants all seeds accurately. Light draft,
easily handled quick and positive adjustments.
We also make the
Eclipse Two-Horse Two-Row Planter
Write us.
Belcher A Taylor A. T. Co.
Box 75, Chicopee Falls, Mass.
Shoe Boils, Capped I
Hock, Bursitis
are hard to cure, yet
AgSORBlNE
will remove them and leave no blem-'
isb. Does not blister or remove
the hair. Cures any puff or swelling. Horse ean
be worked. $2.00 per bottle, delivered.Book 6 D free.
ABSORBINE, <71i>, (mankind, $1.00 bottle.)
For Boils, Bruises, Old Sores, Swellings. Goitre,
Varicose Veins, Varicositios. Allays Pain.
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
PRINT
sent prepaid for
count to the trade
iFOR YOURSELF
Cards, c rculars, hook, newspaper. Press $5,
&>> Larger »18. Rotary |60. Savemoney. Prlntfor
PF others, big profit. All easy, rules sent. Write
factory for press catalog, TYPE, cards, paper.
THE PRESS CO., Meriden, Connecticut
lO For lO Cents
Nickel-Plated Push-Pin Hanger. Made of
tempered steel in one piece. Nothing
to lose, bend or break. Push in wood
or plaster wail with thumb or tap with
small hammer. Will sustain a weight
of 25 pounds. For the Home, Office or
Factory, also for Schools and Hotels,
■= - where the unsightly nail is prohibited.
t For sale at Hardware. Stationery and
Photo-Supply Stores. Sample box of 10
10 Cents. Patent Pending. Liberal dls-
Saleanien Wanted.
NiaguruMctnlwareMaiiiifaeturlngCo., BuffaloN-Y
- .
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS GO., Peekskill, N. Y.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS— Heavy laying strain— $5.00
I per trio. GEO. BOWDISH, Esperanee, N. Y.
GRAY African and Mammoth Buff Geese Eoos from Exhi¬
bition stock. $4 for 9, or from utility stock, $3
for 9. Zella Wilson, 162 S. 7th St., Zanesville, O.
WHITE WYAND0TTES and Indian "Genuine Fawn” Runner
Ducks. Grand Win and Lay Strains. Stock and
Eggs at honest prices. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Write OWNLAND FARM. Box 497, South Hammond. N. Y.
S. C. WHITE
LEGHORNS
Write for Prices on Eggs for
Hatching and Birds for Breeders
WILLOW WALL POULTRY FARM
OLD FIELDS, WEST VIRGINIA
FOR SALE— Jewel Hengerveld Butler Boy— Born Oct. 8,
1938. Sire, Leah Pauline De Kol Butter Boy.
Dam, Jewel Hengerveld De Kol 2d. He is O. K.
every way. Must sell— am overstocked.
_ MYRON J, PULIS, Warwick, N. Y.
Boston Produce Go.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments. Solicited
93-95 South Market St.,
Boston.
pi. K ASK send a trial shipmentto the Oldest Com-
1 mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter,
Eggs. Poultry. Pork, Calves, Hay. Grain, Beans,
Apples, etc. E. It. WOOIMVAKP, 302 Greenwich St., N.Y
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York,
Poultry, Kggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
Hothouse Lambs, Poultry, Calves, Fancy Eggs
Ship to W. H. COHEN 8 CO., 229 Washington St., New York.
RAW FURS WANTED.
Ship your raw furs to us. We are manu¬
facturers and can pay highest prices.
„„ ™ LICHTENSTEIN BROS.
330 Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Established 1 899 '
Reference— Any Mercantile Agency or Bank.
>> rite tor our New Price List.
Darling SBeahan 5
Northern grovin Seeds
Seeds
Buy Northern Grown field,
garden and flower seeds and
double your crops. Our
new, rich land free from all
disease with a cool invigor¬
ating climate produces seed
which cannot be excelled for
vitality, hardiness and great
fertility. We supply largest
growers everywhere with
pedigreed seed potatoes,
beans and peas that pro- J
duce big money-making
crops. Get our Free .
1911 Catalog of Hardy
I Northern Grown field, garden and flower
I seeds— positively thp most complete and
I valuable list of thoroughbred seeds
I ever offered. See our prices before
you buy. Write DARLING & RKAIIAN
] 472 Michigan St., I'etoskey, Mich.
00D SEEDS
THE LATEST IN MUSIC
Write forour big illustrated cata¬
logue containing latest song hits
and instrumental numbers. We
are the largest publishers of
popular music in the world.
Mail orders filled if your dealer
can't supply you. This cata¬
logue is free. We want you
to have It.
JEROME H. REMICK & CO.
46 Farrar Street, Detroit, Mich.
L-t ^ J ^
OATS
SEED OATS
OATS
alog free.
PAPER POTS
P. B
■Three-inch, $1.25 a 1 ,000,
four-inch, $1 .75 a 1,000,
CROSBY & SON, Cat.onsviile, lid,
N. WERTHEIMER & SON
Choice seeds bought direct from the farmer and sold
direct to the farmer. We offer you the choicest
seeds, doubly recleaned, Medium ami Mammoth
Clover Seed, Alsike, Alfalfa. Timothy, Crimson
Clover, White Clover, Red Top, Orchard Grass,
Blue Grass, Lawn Grass, all kinds of Corn, Spring
and Winter Wheat, Bnckwheat, all kinds of Peas.
Samples and prices sent on application. » * *
N. WERTHEIMER S SON -:- LIG0NIER, INDIANA
I SEI.I, FARMS IN OCEANA, thebeRtCo. in theU.R. Fruit, grain
I amt stock. Write for list. J. D. S. HANSON, Hart, Mich.
F
OR SALE — Farm of 80 acres with good land and
buildings. SHERM SEARLES, Groton, N. Y.
rnnri FfiTITK ioT sa'e afc low prices in nearly all
UUUU 1 til lllo parts of New York State. Cata¬
logue free to parties intending to buy.
NORTHERN REALTY CO.. Syracuse, N. Y.
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE in the finest fruit
growing and trucking section in the world;
fertile soil and fine climate: also a beautiful water
front farm with timber. For full particulars ad¬
dress SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury,
Wicomico County, Maryland.
Acres —
line
EOT? QAT "p~ Two Hundred Ten
A GZILL, fonrteen-room house ... _
condition; basement barns, 30 by 80 and 30 by 36
wagon house, silo, hog house, fine orchard. The
price includes a five-passenger automobile, 22 cows,
one bull, two horses, two brood sows, binder,
mower, rake, wagons, three-horse manure spreader,
grain drill, harrows, plows; plenty of other tools.
All to a quick buyer for $7,000— $4,500 cash, balance
mortgage. HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Owego,
Tioga .County, New York.
WANTED — Second Man to work in cemetery: good wages, house
and garden; permanent job. O. II. Paden, Supt., Hastings, Neb.
to care for herd of Holstein
cattle. Must be good
milker and careful feeder. German or Pennsyl¬
vania German preferred. Give particulars, with
age and experience, in first letter. Location New
Jersey. “SINGLE,” care Rural New-Yorker.
Single Man Wanted
WANTFTV~A l)artner 10 Ltke half interest
*T A*-1' A LD jn an<i manage a fifty-acre fruit
and truck farm near Glens Falls, N. Y. Address
“RODGERS,” care Rural New-Yorker.
WANTF1Y~A single man of good habits,
***’ * LD March 1st, to drive team and
make himself generally useful. Also, I have a
farm at Danbury, Conn., of seventy-four acres—
good buildings— to rent for a term of three years.
A. K. HEATH, Mt. Kisco, N, Y.
WANTED— FARM about 300 acres, level. No stones.
Within 5 miles R. R. station; near school and
creamery. House at least 12 large rooms; barn for
40 cows; stables, silo, outbuildings in good repair;
ample water; good fences; timber 25 acres. Maxi¬
mum price $6,000; one-third cash; balance long term
5$. Write in detail. R. R. Peebles, Glenbrook, Conn.
White Holland T urkeys
and Dnston’s White Wyandotte Chickens. Walnut
Hill Stock Farm, N. Bacon, Mgr., Talcott, W. Va.
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
I give a lot of new sorts for
trial with every order I fill.
JjA Grand Big Catalog Ell EE
^Illustrated with over rUCC
^700 engravings of vegetables
and flowers. Send yours and
_ IKw^r'your neighbors’ addresses.
R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois
NEW SEED OATS. Blgmoney
in right kind ol oats. Here’l
your chance. I mported Canadian
seed oats, raised on Galloway
Brothers’ big farm in Canada.
New, clean iand. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought this seed from us last year raised as high as 75 to 100
bushels in this country, and found out their old seed was inbred
and run out. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed,
bend for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. VVillalsosend
our free booklet, entitled “Big Money in Oats and How to Grow
Them.” Galloway Bros.-Bowman Company
662 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa
New Victory or Rainy Weather
Oats, extra heavy yielders, storm
resisting, and best for low bottom land. Price 75c;
sack free. Cow Horn Turnip, 25c per pound.
SIEGKL the SEEDSMAN, ERIE, PA.
Read’s Green Mountain Won¬
derful new variety. Yields
130 bus. to acre. Absolutely rustproof. Outyielded
Swedish Select in five-year test. Circular free.
G. A. READ, Read's Experiment Farms, Charlotte, Wt.
THAT YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
breaks all records. Nothing like it.
Also SEED CORN. Samples and cat-
THF.O. BURT & SONS, MELROSE, OHIO,
An Incubator
Really Different
in tnat the complete Incubator is j25 Chick
metal covered, insuring bigger U
hatches, making even tempera- $O.UU
ture more certain. That’s why Freight Prepaid
you’ll find it economical, safe, pleasant, easy to run a
NATIONAL INCUBATOR
Has copper water-tank, double case, nursery, auto¬
matic regulator. $8.00, Brooder $4.00, both together
$10.00. Freight prepaid east of Rockies. We’ve
described this machine and how to be successful
with poultry in a
FREE BOOK
entitled “1911 Notes on
Poultry Raising” Send for it. 1
National Incubator Co. „
106 18th St. Racine, Wi».
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen-
darfor each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Sreider, Box 58 , Rheems. P*.
Farmers and Poultrymen.
You must not blame us if occasionally our en¬
thusiasm bubbles over when speaking of our cus¬
tom batching department as carried on by our
experts in our mammoth hot water incubator.
Results are showing people all over the country
that we know our business by saving them time,
worry and money, and giving them stronger chicks
than the old lien or kerosene oil fume incubators
ever did. You send us the eggs— Vye’lLdo tlio rest-
do it right and send you the chicks. Write for in¬
formation and prices, anyway. ■
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM, Millerton, N Y.
GIANT BRONZE STOSSWC
Eggs, $1.00 per 15; Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1.00
per 10. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
H. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers: trios,
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, Wekdspokt, N. Y.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
100 S. C. Yearling Hens, at $2.00 each.
50 S. C. surplus Pullets at $2.50 each.
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 eabh.
JAS. E. VAN ALSTYNK, Kihderhook, N.Y.
WILD AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS-Chicken Eggs. Hand-
■ — — L-* — sonie Catalog 2 c.t.
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville, Pa.
S. Comb, Tompkin’s
Strain. 7 pullets and
Rhode Island Reds
cock, $10, CL0VERN00K STOCK FARM, Chainbersburg , Pa!
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS f§jji MS’:
“ !■»"'»» f»™ pit..,
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
COLUMBIAN WYAN00TTES — Beauty & utility combined.
Splendid, vigorous Cockerels and Pens mated. Ad-
dress Halph Woodward, Box 28, Grafton. Mass.
S. 0. White ‘SS‘%
hatching ready. All from one of best flocks in ex¬
istence. My 60-hen pens averaged all winter 200
eggs weekly. A. J. Rosemund, Hasbrouck Heights, N. J.
std1c'“f!k” S. 0. White Leghorn
GEO. H. CHASE, 35 Broadway, Newport, R. I.
S. C. W. Leghorn EfftfS f0r hatching. Iiake-
V. (f ■ hCgllUI II tggo wood straiIli ,-)0
per 15, $8 per 100, Patapsco Farm, R.0.2, Reistcrstown.Md.
P fl 1 1 1 TRYMFW~8end cents for our fine 60-
* ""hi II I III LI* page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
Buff, Wh. Leghorns. Mottled Anconas, S. C. K. I. Red.
Eggs, 90c. per 15, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per 60, $-1 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown. Pa.
I He1!; tdanl Bronze
unnn . . -
OUUU and White Holland Turkeys. Bred for heavy
winter layers. Numbers to suit. Prices reasonable.
THE AMEBICAN POULTRY PLANT, Collins, Ohio.
Indian Runner Dueks-KSu%.3»
Eggs, $1.50 per 13; $8.00 per ICO. F. J. FULLER,
Waterport, Orleans County, New York.
THOROUGHBRED Mammoth Bronze Turkeys— heavy bone
and fine plumage. Mrs. Floyd Kirby, Draper, Va
THE FARMER S FOWL — Rose Comb Reds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N.Y.
Pfllll TRY- Best Breeds. Bred for Laying.
!. UULI II I Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. HKATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
BUFF WYANDOTTES e0^
15. LAWRENCE ES8ELSTYN, Claverack. N. Y.
Ol) egos $1.00— Leading varieties,' -52 'breeds. Prize Poui-
try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. <1. WILE, Telford, Pa.
C— P'iT'-e - Winning Breeding
Stock— Black Orpingtons
and Minorcas. QU0QUETAUG FARMS, Old Mystic, Conn.
WRIGHT'S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
for 100. Baby Chicks, $12.50 for 100; $7.5(1 for 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanford ville. N. V.
All'stin'S *• NEDS— 200-egg strain. Eggs,
tiUiHiii o $1.50 per setting. Prices on quantities.
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor, N. H.
MINISINK POULTRY FARM CO.
Single Comb Leghorn Hatching Eggs— 95^ fertility
guaranteed or money refunded— $10 per hundred
f. o. b. NORTH WATER GAP, PA.
AGENTS
Men or Women
Make $30 to $50 Weekly
Exclusive territory if
you write at once for
agents’ proposition on
quickest selling house¬
hold article ever made.
Economy Vacuum Washer
washes clothes automatically in 15 min¬
utes. No wear or tear oi clothes. Saves
soap, fuel, and all rubbing. No ma¬
chine to run, no labor. Guaranteed for
7 yrs.— less than lc. a week. — all cop¬
per — lasts a life time. Price $3.50, Exp.
prepaid, money back if not satisfied
after 30 days’ trial. Send for circular.
ECONOMY SALES C0„ 20th Floor, Metro. Tower, N.Y.
184
THE RUR.A.L» NEW-YORKER
February 11, 1911.
Most Wonderful Offer Ever Published
Great 1911 Price Wrecking Sale of Brand New Staple Merchandise^
Our Reliability is Unquestioned
* - : - - .
Our capital stock and surplus m excess of
$1 ,000,000.00 is proof of our responsibility . Any
publisher of any paper in America will tell
you that we “make good” on every state¬
ment. Write to the greatest bank of the west
— The Commercial Continental National
Bank of Chicago— or to the Drovers Deposit
National Bank of Chicago, or any of the com¬
mercial agencies.
Ny»*
fl Positive, Binding Guarantee
Every article bought of us is guaranteed a
“decided bargain. If any article does not
please you or fails to come up to your expec¬
tations, then you may return same at our
freight expense both ways, and we will re¬
fund your money in full.
CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING COMPANY
Guarantees a Saving of 30 to SO Per Cent
Of all our wonderful offers of the past, none are greater than those published
in this advertisement. This Company is known far and wide as “The World’s
Bargain Center.” Our success proves the truth of the public’s decision.
During the past six months we have inaugurated a buying campaign that has
placed us in possession of the largest stock of merchandise ever gathered together
by any one institution. We have searched the markets of the world for the best
bargains obtainable. The proof of this fact is seen in this 1911 announcement.
Y
Our Stock includes Everything Under the Sun
It means, in fact, everything from a needle to a locomotive. It makes no dif¬
ference what your requirements, we can supply them at bargain prices. _ Briefly
outlined, we sell everything to eat, wear, furnish, equip or manufacture.
, GEM STEEL RANGE
1-PW521. Empire Gem Steel
Range, guaranteed in every way.
Neat appearing and first-class
baker. Price No. 8-10 as illus¬
trated, with reservoir, high
closet. <fc 1 Q 1
Price ....... .......... q) A 17- A
Price without reservoir and
high closet ...... ...$12.50
SUPERIOR GASOLINE
FUMPiNG ENGINE
> The finest ever for pumping
water, running croamsoparator,
etc. Comploto with trimmings.
Full instructions for installing
and operating. Sold on thirty
days free trial. d>OC OA
2 II P. Price _ JpJO.UU
4 II. P. Price $04.00
LADIES’ ALL-WOOL SKIRT
All-wool Panama Skirt, made the very
latest style. Beautifully trimmed with
silk soutache braid and satin covered
buttons. Nobby and dressy. Made to sell
at $7.50. Your money back if you don’t
liko it. Colors, black or blue. Sizes,
22 to 30 inch waist, 37 to 44 inch front.
XiOtNo. 27-W-110. d>9 ee
Price (postage 16 cents) ip
MODERN HEATING PLANTS
All kinds of heating apparatus. WeY
can furnish you with a modern, up-to-
date steam or hot water system
cheaper than any ot her concern. Com¬
plete plans and instructions go with
every plant. We loan you tools free.
Write for Heating Catalog and freeesti-
mate. _ Each plant backed by our Guar- \J
Wo save you 60 per cent. '
ante© Bond.
ysia
MEN’S PAT. BLUCHER SHOES
While they last, 6000 pairs of men’s Pat¬
ent Colt Blucher $3.50 Shoes, at a sav-
Lg to you of $1.55. We took the entire
output of the factory. This is a per¬
fect fitting shoe. Size8 6toll. Width
O.D.E. and EE. Price 1 QC
per pair _ «pX,I/u
Price per dozen pair _ $2l".00
Write for Catalog today. 4
MAGNIFICENT SUIT C4 qc
LESS THAN COST ^
W© secured the entire stock at a
ridiculously low price. You got the
benefit. Handsome black cheviot suit,
newest model, tailored by experts. Coat
round sack stylo; vest popular single
breasted. Notice — we send with this
suit an extra pair of pants. Cut latest
mode. Color is gray: guaranteed. Or¬
der by Xot No. 25-W-52. QC
Suit with extra trousers —
Write for our FREE catalog.
LADIES’ PATENT
COLT BLUCHERS
This is a rare opportunity to secure
high-grade patent leather shoes at a
give-away price. They are made the
latest city style. Hull mat top, per¬
forated toe caps. Cuban heels and
extension sole. Sizes 21-6 to 8 ;
Width C.D.E and EEUjI AA
Price per pair _ «p A.vMA
Per doz $10.80
DURABLE ARMY Cl QC
KHAKI SUIT
This fabric is very firmly woven nar¬
row Wale diagonal Khaki cloth, the
same as used so successfully by the
United States Army; plain army tan;
recognized everywhere asthe most dur¬
able shade known. Comfortable, full,
roomy. Two outside pockets; semi-peg
trousers with adjustable belt; two side
and two hip pockets. We save one-half,
the regular price. A strong, durable,-
washable, inexpensive suit that will
stand extremely hard usage and last al¬
most forever. Sizes 34 to 46 chest; 30
to 42 waist measure; 30 to 35 inseam.
Order by Lot No. U*1 G{f
25-W-304. Price..... «P 1
PRINT LINOLEUMS
W-59. A splendid grade of
Print .Linoleum in exact imi¬
tation of quarter-sawed oak;
6 feet wide. O *7 _
Per square yard _ d • C
W-61. Patterns of extra
heavy grade Print Linoleum.
All colors, 2 to 2H yds. wide.
State colors wanted. Price
per square yard _ ....42c
FINE TOP BUGGY
This fine leather quarter top Buggy,
black, with Brewster green gear,
% tires, narrow or d»o ,4 AC
wide track. Price -ipO Hr. «y«3
Send for free booklet.
FINE SINGLE STRAP,
HARNESS ;<
Qft At this low
vP A tl.cAJ price wo will
furnish light new harness.
$1.00 LACE..
CURTAINS AT’
3300 pairs as shown. 50 inches wide
and 9 feet long. White . or
Arabian Shade. Beautiful Bonne
Femme pattern with ruffled lower
edge and a throw at the top. A
curtain of rich appearance and
long wearing quality. Regular
retail price $L00. Our ro.
wrecking price, pair _ UJl,
Order by Lot No. 20-K.-532
HIGH QUALITY SMYRNA RUG $6.95
W-45. A heavy, reversible
Smyrna Rug. Handsome Ori¬
ental pattern. Red or green
ground; border colors tan, blue
or red. Can be used either side
up. Offered to you at exactly
one-half its value. State colors
wanted when order- QCl
ing. Price _ - «pu.Md
30 x 60 in. 78c 3x6 ft., $1.50
6x9 ft., $3.25 9 x 12 ft., $6.95
SPECIAL SINGLE BARREL SHOT GUN
\r This gun isstrong and reliable. Taper choke bored,
automatic ejector, 12 or 16 gauge; reinforced breech,
case hardened frame; good
quality fore end and full pis¬
tol grip stock; rubber butt
plate. Weight about 6 If lbs.
16-W-510. 12 gauge, 30 or ,
32-inch single barrel, with ejector, $3.70. 4*0 r7(\
16 gauge single barrel, with ejoctor,30-in, barrel *P«J, # UP
$20 AND WE PAY THE FREIGHT
'N This high-grade Harris
A Sewing Machine, guar¬
anteed for 20 years f or onl y
$20 and we pay the freight
’to all points east of Den¬
ver,- Col. Besides you are
allowed 60 days in which to
try it in your own home.
Not ice the beauty of the de¬
sign; golden quarter-sawed
oak, nand polished ball
bearings, drop front, auto¬
matic lift. A full set of at¬
tachments with each ma¬
chine. The finest material
and the best workmanship represented. The great¬
est bargain ever offered. Send for our Sewing Ma¬
chine Catalog. Free for the asking.
101 PIECE DINNER SET $7.00
15,000 sets to be sold at this astonishingly low price.
Decoration beautiful floral sprays of dainty pink
roses and green leaves. Gold borders. Each piece
warranted. Wo also have 42-piece sets selling just
now at $3,0O.
PLUMBING MATERIAL
Everything needed in plumb¬
ing material. Our prices mean
a saving to you of 30 to 50 per
cent. Here is an illustration
of a bathroom tf>9,7 Cfl
outfit selling at «pO # -Our
Your plumber would ask you
about $60.00 for this same
outfit. Our catalog describes
them in detail. Write us
today for the catalog.
Our Great “Price Wrecker”
Under this heading we publish a mammoth
1100-page Catalog of bargains. It describes
300,000 new articles secured by us from Sher¬
iffs’ , Receivers’ and Manufacturers’ Sales.
Gives interesting facts as to our past history
and makes you acquainted with the greatest
Commercial Institution in Chicago.
1100 Pages of Bargains
We send this catalog to you without obliga¬
tion of any kind. It contains illustration's true
to life of everything the manufacturing world
produces; it gives plain, straight from the
shoulder descriptions — shows in colors hand¬
some floor coverings, clothing, etc. All you
need to do is to fill out the coupon below, or
merely drop us acard and the book will be for¬
warded to you at once, all charges prepaid.
($20 ALL-WOOL $10
SERGE SUIT - —
Lined with Skinner’s Guaranteed
Satin. The king of suit values. An
all-wool, silk lined, stylish Blue
Serge Suit, backed by our guaran- ,
tee to either satisfy or we will re¬
turn your money. Three button,
round cut sack dress style well
tailored; padded shoulders; long,
shapely lapels; single breasted.
The trousers are f ul 1 semi-peg, per¬
fect hanging, belt loops and adjustable
side buckles and straps. All sizes from
34 to 44 chest measure, 30 to 42 waist and 80
to 35 inseam. This is an excellent example
of how wo save you money. A
Order by Lot No. 25-W- $1Q QO
155. Price per suit - - v * u
$6.00 FOR THIS OAK DRESSER
An opportunity such as this to
secure' a high-grade, handsome
dresser at our bargain price has
never, been equaled. This is a
splendidly constructed piece of
furniture. Colonial style; wood
carvings; brass trimmings. Throe
roomy drawers; good locks and
castors. French bevel plate mir¬
ror 20 inches high, 16 inches wide.
Top is double thickness. The up¬
per drawer has waved front.
The three panel ends have great
strength. Finish is a rich, golden
gloss. Order by Lot C;C ALL
No. 880W. Price.. ipO.UU
Write for Furniture Catalog.
A $12.00 DINING ROOM'
TABLE FOR $6.95
Colonial Pedestal Table.
The illustration shows th»
harmonious lines but the
table must be seen to ap¬
preciate the rich golden
finish. It is excellently
made with heavy.eol id ped¬
estal and scroll legs. Ex¬
tra leaves are furnished
free. Extension six foot.
Has 42 inch top. An actual
$12.00 value. Or- d»/; QC
der by Lot No. l-K-6643. Price only
AUTOMATIC BED
DAVENPORT $12.60
This neat, substantial full size Automatic Bed Dav¬
enport at a saving of at
least half the regular price.
It has the best guaranteed
indestructible steel spring
construction. Tufted as
shown and covered with
fabricord leather over
soft filling. The frame
is very strong solid oak,
finished a golden gloss.
This is one of our greatest values. Or- <t» 1 Q CA
der by Lot No. l-K-985. Price - «pl4.0U
Write for catalog today.
Any of These Price Wrecking Catalogs -SENT FREE
We publish many special booklets giving specific information on certain lines of merchandise of which a brief description is shown below. If any of these sub-'
iects are of interest, we will send you the books noted without any obligation to you. If you do not want to fill in the coupon shown on the left, just drop us a line
auid say what catalogs you want and state where you have seen this advertisement, then they will be sent to you at once, all charges prepaid. Write to us today.
Fill Out This Coupon
Chicago House Wrecking Co.
35th and Iron Sts.
1 saw your ad in Rural New-Yorker.
I am interested in -
57
Send me free of all charges your 1100-
page catalog.
Send the following additional books -
Name _
Toivn _ Countv -
State . . RF.D - P.O.Box -
Ladies’ Apparel
Lilies'
• This book illus-
tratesand’describes
Ladies’ and Chil¬
dren’s Wearing Ap-
j— ui^ parel, and isan ed-
npparelL uoation in itself of
2^ . “ the very latest and
correct styles. As
to qualitythisis an
essential that takes
first place in all our dealings. .Quality
and low prices. We send you this book
absolutely free, and y
>nces.
_ _ „.y free, and yon can dress in the
most up-to-date manner at a saving of
from 30 to 50 per cent. Send today,
Floor Covering
Shows actual colors of Rugs, Carpets,
Linoleum. Beautiful assortment of lat¬
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CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO- 35th and Iron Sts « CHICAGO
'•^PHoro
NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 18, 1911
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
jagg
m. ’**
A GOOD JOB OF DRAINAGE.
An Iowa Valley Stops Crying.
Several inquiries have been made regarding the
draining of some lands from a mile and a half to
three miles southeast of Belle Plaine, Iowa, in the
valley of the Iowa River.’ These are so-called “bot¬
tom” lands, and are not subject
to overflow from the river in
times of flood, except a small
‘portion is some years flooded in
times of very high water. The
land is level, and where not too
wet, very rich and fertile. In
fact, it is the most productive
land we have here, and is easy
to work, not being subject to
washing into ditches, etc., and
the soil is the richest portions
of the hills nearby, which has
been carried down from rains
for hundreds of years.
Prof. Stevenson, of the Iowa
Agricultural College, is authority
for the statement that it appears
that Iowa -streams have wider
river bottoms than rivers in any
other portion of the world, and
consequently there are more bot¬
tom lands,' or alluvial soils, in
Iowa than in most other States.
They represent about eight per
cent of Iowa’s soils. As would
naturally be supposed from the
origin of these soils, their chemi¬
cal composition is quite variable.
Some of the bottom lands are
sandy, others are clayey, and
still others contain a large
amount of gumbo. For this rea¬
son these soils present many
problems for study. The soils
along this portion of the Iowa
River bottoms are of the two
last descriptions, that is, inclined
to be clayey and in some spots
gumbo. Gumbo soil becomes
good after being tiled thor¬
oughly.
In this part of the Iowa River
valley there is a succession of
ponds and wet spots, which on
the land to be improved, were
not kept wet from the river, but
from the rain water from the
hills, because the river has built
up a sort of natural levee or
dike along its banks. The profile
of a survey showed this fact
very plainly, as the large/ tile
went down 7.3 feet within 20 feet
of the outlet into an old chan¬
nel of the river, while the
average depth of the tile was
only about four to 4.5 feet, al¬
though the fall allowed was only
one-half inch to the 100 feet, and
the level of the ground to the
eye does not seem to vary much.
Ihe cause of this condition is somewhat of a
problem, but it is a problem for the geologist to de¬
termine. It may be a deserted channel of the river
or a large creek to the west of Belle Plaine, but the
fact is that there are depressions in the midst of the
broad valley of the river which will average over a
mile wide at this point, and in these depressions the
flood water from the hills gathers, and the bottom
of the depressions being of. a clayey or gumbo soil,
the water accumulated there, and stood until removed
by evaporation, or again tilled by rains. There were
some ponds large and deep enough always to have
water in them except in seasons unusually dry, such
as the past Summer. One of the ponds drained cov-
um
AN IOWA GOLD MINE-THROUGH DRAINAGE. Fig
LARGE TILE IN AN IOWA
RIVER
BOTTOM. Fig. 58
ered about 20 acres, qnd was deep enough so that it
almost always had water in it. Beyond it is a pond
that covers about 50 acres, but is more shallow, and
dries out when the first pond still has water in it.
I here are many smaller ponds and wet, marshy spots,
and fields by them kept too wet to cultivate, except in
very dry years. Below the impervious pond bottoms
are sand veins which are continually full of water.
Various attempts have been made from time to
time to drain these wet places and ponds, by means of
open drains and ditches, but they were not successful.
One of the main reasons for this is that the services
of a surveyor were never secured, and thus the
natural levee along the river bank was not discovered,
and again, water will run
rapidly ' through a smoot h,
straight, large tile, laid on a uni¬
form fall, or grade, which same
water would not run at all at
the same grade or fall in a
crooked, grass-obstructed open
ditch. Then, with the large tile,
the land can be farmed over,
with no ditches to bother or
break up the fields, and if care¬
fully laid, tile does not have to
be cleaned out as ditches must
be every season, to be even par¬
tially as effective as tile. Of
course the first cost of tile is
more than an open ditch, but
progressive and up-to-date farm¬
ers believe that tile is far
cheaper in the end if laid prop¬
erly, and for this, where the fall
is so slight, the services of a
good surveyor or civil engineer
are essential.
The survey was made last
' March, and grade stakes set
every 100 feet showing the depth
of the ditch at that point. The
surveyor also made a map or
plat of the land. The wet land
directly benefited amounts to at
least 270 acres, of which about
half has never been under cul¬
tivation, and the rest could be
cultivated only in dry seasons.
The land indirectly benefited
amounts to as much more. Much
of this land has been suitable
only for wild hay and pasture,
and not good pasture at that.
Land has become more valuable
in Iowa, but the value of the
bottom lands just now is be¬
ginning to be appreciated.
Several years ago Prof. Win.
G. Raymond, dean of the Col¬
lege of Applied Science at the
State University of Iowa, at
Iowa City, Iowa, spent a day in
Belle Plaine, Iowa, examining
the proposed drainage project,
and he gave it as his opinion at
that time that the undertaking
was feasible. The contract price
for the tile was at the rate of
12J/> cents per foot and included
all the labor of digging the ditch,
levelling the bottom with straight
edge and level according to the
surveyor’s grade stakes, placing
the ,tile and covering the tile
with earth and filling the ditch.
The tile was 12-inch straight tile, in two-foot lengths,
which are more convenient to handle and lay better
than the shorter lengths in the larger sizes. The
“over-run” on this tile averaged almost two inches
per tile. The lower end of the tile or outlet is a 1G-
foot section of cement, six inches thick, over a thin
sheet-iron pipe the same size as the tile, and at the
180
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 18,
opening is a cast-iron trapdoor or tide gate, which
was made by the local foundry. This is hung on an
angle so that the water from the tile opens it easily,
but so that when the river gets high the door shuts
down, and the harder the river presses on the gate,
the tighter it closes. This is to prevent the river
water from backing up the tile, thus carrying in mud
and obstructing the flow of water in the tile. The
tile is so deep that it will not freeze, and the opening
is where it gets the benefit of the sun, the exposure
being south, and a bank and trees for protection from
the north. The main tile is straight almost due
north and south and about 3,300 feet long. Last Fall
several branches or laterals were cut in, to drain
smaller ponds mostly to the east, and the large tile
was found perfectly clean. The 12-inch tile runs into
the 20-acre pond, which at that time stood about 2J4
feet deep, and allowing only a half to a third tile
full, the water was drained off in less than two days.
Immediately grass began to grow around the edges
of the drained pond, working towards the center. In
the smaller ponds White clover sprang up. It is
strange where the seed came from, and how long had
it lain there?
The cost of the 3,300 feet of 12-inch outlet or main
tile was as follows: Preliminary survey, $16.50; final
survey, $28.00 ; 3,000 feet 12-inch vitrified tile, two feet
long, three carloads, $405; 42 feet extra tile at five
cents, $3.36; labor, $390; iron pipe for outlet and mak¬
ing, 16 feet long, 12 inches in diameter, $3.20; seven
sacks cement at 45 cents, $3.15 ; advertising for letting
contract, $2.30 livery hire, $4.50; tide gate, including
making pattern for same, $20; extra covering across
large pond on large tile outlet, sand and earth, $19.75 ;
total, $894.26.
Figuring that there are about 270 acres directly
benefited, the total cost per acre is about $2.65 for
the 12-inch outlet. Into this outlet the large pond
which had been keeping things wet, is drained, and
into it also small ‘branches or laterals are connected.
Not every acre of land has to be tiled out, except in
some places. Thus the average cost per acre for the
small tile is reduced. The value to the land is shown
by an offer of over 40 per cent increase in the cost of
the land and tiling, made after the large output
demonstrated that the 20-acre pond could be drained,
by carrying off that water at mill race speed, al¬
though the fall is cnly one-half inch per 100 feet, but
the tile is carefully and truly laid. It has been gen¬
erally believed that this land could not be reclaimed,
because attempts at open ditches were not successful
when made without the guidance of a surveyor. Tile
are much better than open ditches wherever the com¬
parative cost is within reason, for the reasons stated
above.
In putting in the branches of smaller tile, six-inch,
five-inch and four-inch tile were used. On flat, level
land four-inch is the smallest tile to use. In this
smaller tile both clay and cement tile were used. It
seems admitted that in the smaller sizes cement tile
can be made at a lower cost than clay tile. It is
more accurate and can be laid better. Many careful
farmers prefer cement tile. If they are carefully made
with the proper proportions of sand and cement and
then kept well wet down for several days after being
made, cement tile in the smaller sizes are probably as
good as any tile. In the larger sizes, cement tile
should be reinforced with metal imbedded in the
cement. The best clay tile are vitrified, like paving
brick, even to a glaze. The harder the tile the better.
The water does not go through the tile itself but
through joints between the tile, and the more closely
these are laid the better, so that dirt cannot get into
the tile. Even then the water will find its way in. It
takes several years for wet land like this drained to
get the full benefit of the tile, as it is soggy, sour and
cold. In time and with cultivation, and the mixing
of humus into the soil, this land even in the bottoms
of the old ponds, becomes warm, loamy and mellow.
Thus several hills of corn will grow where was a
muskrat house before, and more fertile land is added
to Iowa’s productive fields. H. R. mosnat.
NON-TWISTING FENCE POST.
Realizing that the beauty of a fence post is gone
when the gate posts twist or lean, or sometimes pull
out of ground, I tried the method as here illustrated,
Fig. 60, and after this had passed through freezing
and thawing, contracting and relaxing, I find the
posts are not one-fourth inch out of place. The
fence is a steel spring wire. The brace between the
bottom of post may be any size above three inches in
diameter ; the one used was 3x3 locust. There is a
five-eighth inch round bolt at top of ground through
each gate post, screwed up tight before wire is
stretched, as shown in Fig. 60. The posts are thus
braced securely, and stay straight.
IMcw Jersey. vviLUAM kinsley.
A DISCUSSION OF LIME.
Is it true that we would get better results by using
800 pounds of ground limestone a year for a period, say
of three years, than we would by putting on a ton of
gi'ound lime in one year? In other words, by using a.
ton of ground limestone would it not have the same effect
on the land as a person having an attack of indigestion
after having eaten enough dinner in one meal to last him
for several? The land in question had never bad any lime
and shows that it needs it. Another problem which is
bothering us is this : We produce a great deal of nitro¬
gen and ammonia by clover; in addition to this we add
some by using commercial fertilizer, and would you not
think, even though our land is what you might term
clay loam, that it would be preferable for us to put on
the ground limestone rather than the burnt lime, inas¬
much as the heating process which the burnt lime creates
after getting into the soil destroys the ammonia in a
short time and does not have the lasting properties that
the ground limestone has? Our experience has been that
the ground limestone produces a chemical in the soil just
as valuable for plant food as burnt lime, besides there is
the added danger or the burnt lime destroying the organic
properties of the soil. We are also using rock phosphate
in our cow stables. Would you consider ground limestone
just as good or better for this purpose? w. p. o.
Oneida, N. Y.
In a general way we think it is true that you will
obtain satisfactory results by using 800 pounds of
ground lime each year. We do not know that such
results would be better than where a ton of burned
lime is used every third year. In the three years you
would use 2,400 pounds of ground limestone, or about
1,300 pounds of actual lime. In the ton of burned
lime you will have about 1,500 pounds of lime. If
your soil is really in need of lime you would do bet¬
ter to use 1,000 pounds of limestone instead of 800.
If the soil is very hard and sour we should start by
MAKING STONE DRAINS IN NEW YORK. Fig. 59.
using the burned lime and follow with annual dress¬
ings of limestone.
Much will depend on the crops you grow. If it be
potatoes the annual use of lime will not answer. You
will have too much scab. A few other crops, like
corn, strawberries and rye, do not respond to lime as
clover, cabbage and garden crops do. If the latter
are being grown the annual use is best. Your illus¬
tration of the use of lime is not a good one. Instead
of causing indigestion and holding up plant food, the
lime has the opposite effect of making the plant food
— that is, the nitrogen — more available, and causing
the soil to give it up more freely. You might use
excessive amounts of lime and hurt the physical con¬
dition of the soil, but in such amounts as you mention
the action would be to supply extra plant food to the
crops.
The lime does not “destroy ammonia.” What it
does is to hasten the decay of organic matter in the
soil. This, of course, sets the ammonia free, but it
is not “destroyed” in any way, but simply put in such
form that crops can use it — whereas before the lime
hastened the decay this ammonia was not available.
If you keep the soil covered wi|h growing crops and
give good culture this ammonia will not be destroyed
or lost, but will be used by your crops. They may
take too much of it, and thus run to leaf and stem,
like beans without good pods, corn all stalk, and cab¬
bage with soft heads. The objection to burned lime
is that it acts too rapidly in some soils, setting too
much ammonia free and thus pushing the crops too
hard. We have had conditions on our own farm
where the burned lime was most desirable because the
crops needed ammonia and the cold and sour soil
would not give it up freely without lime. On our
own farm we should start with the burned lime and
follow with the yearly use of the ground limestone
if needed — except where potatoes were planted.
The limestone will be as good as the rock phos¬
phate for use in the stable— that is, absorbing the
liquids and holding the ammonia. The limestone adds
nothing to the soil except lime, while the rock phos¬
phate adds considerable phosphoric acid. This is in
an unavailable form for most crops, yet clover, buck¬
wheat and probably corn can make more or less use
of this rock phosphate when it is mixed with manure
and applied to them. Why not figure on it? What
do you pay for ground limestone? What does the
rock phosphate cost you and how much phosphoric
acid do they guarantee in it? From these figures
you can see what the phosphoric acid costs you per
pound. You must have it anyway, and in your kind
of farming no doubt the manure and the clover make
part of it available.
A RURAL CARRIER ON PARCELS POST.
I have been reading the articles that appear in your
paper from time to time favoring parcels post, and as
a rural delivery carrier for more than three years,
from what I see I feel sure it would be one of the
greatest helps to our people, and quite an item of in¬
come to our Uncle Samuel. What we want is a gen¬
eral parcels post, and we are going to have it sooner
or later, and I think much sooner than is healthy for
some of our strongest opponents. Some of the things
we are asked to carry might be a little inconvenient,
but I think most of us could handle packages up to
11 pounds. During January, 1910, I was requested
to carry 10 different packages of various weights and
kinds on my route of only 16^ miles, and I think this
number would increase rapidly as the people would
learn that they could have packages collected and
delivered same as other mail. Below I give a partial
list of the things I have been requested to carry: 100
egg incubator, live chickens, live sheep, piece of bacon,
plow points, nails, paints, binder twine, wool twine,
fruit, groceries, tobacco, shoes and clothing, and other
things that I do not recall just now. e. p. greer.'
Ohio.
DOGS THAT LEAD.— Mr. Geo. H. Lavender, of
Kansas, sends us the picture shown at Fig. 61 with this
remark :
“Enclosed find picture of how we raise calves and
dogs together in Kansas, the way we have of ex¬
ercising our calves. The dog will go out and catch
a calf, cow or horse that has rope hanging to it.”
That beats running a cow down or driving her in
the ordinary way of “dogging.” Such a dog as that is
worth while. He beats the average herdsman by a
mile.
STONE DRAINS. — As an offset to the big drainage
operations described by Mr. Mosnat, on the first page,
we show a picture of a stone drain as laid on a New
York farm, Fig. 59. The stone drain when properly
put down is useful and in many places is most eco¬
nomical. It depends much upon the laying — that is,
leaving a clear open throat for the water to follow.
The plan of digging a ditch and filling it with an
assortment of stones of all shapes and sizes will surely
fail. When the bottom stones are laid so as to leave
a fiee and open throat for the water to run in, such
drains often prove satisfactory for years. As a rule
we prefer a sharper fall for stone drains than for tile,
and we would certainly use them in cases where capi¬
tal for tile drainage was lacking.
Down in West Virginia we heard of a man who
planted an orchard. He was a town man, and under¬
took to grow fruit by proxy. As usual the scheme did
not progress, and the trees were not satisfactory. This
man hired an expert to come and look at the trees.
The expert gave him sound and definite advice which,
of course, involved spending some money. Among
other things the expert told him not to sow wheat in
the orchard for, as all fruit growers know, you cannot
get proper growth on young trees growing in a grain
field. It may be that this fruit grower felt that all
experts are like the prophets of the Weather Bureau.
When they say “fair weather” most of ur hunt an
umbrella ! At any rate this man did just what the ex¬
pert told him not to do, and seeded the orchard to
wheat. Of course these trees are inferior. That man
probably lost bis courage and could not bring himself
to put money into the orchard without trying to get it
back in the grain. He would not run a business in
town that way, but would expect to invest money be¬
fore taking any out. You cannot eat your cake and
have it in an orchard any more than in a baker's shop.
Work is under way at the Connecticut Agricultural
College to develop what may be called a fur-coated
hen which lays a white egg. By “fur-coated” we mean
a bird with small comb and thick warm feathering.
The American and Asiatic breeds are well dressed for
Winter. Let a Wyandotte or P. Rock or a Brahma
squat down on a roost and put her head under hei
wing and she is just about frost-proof. But her eggs
will run from light to dark brown in color. The Leg¬
horn’s eggs are white, but her comb is too large to go
well into her pocket, and no hen lays well with a frozen
comb. Of course many ben men keep the Leghorn in
comfortable houses' with never a frosted comb, but
there are others who practice what we may call a
rough and ready system. These want a frost-proof
lien and a white egg. The combination is coming. It
will be a mixture of several breeds, and will play a
successful part in working out the newrer plans of
poultry culture.
1911
ALFALFA THE SOUTHERN “MOSES.”
A Fine Crop in Tennessee.
I am sending you a cut (Fig. 62) of Alfalfa grown
oil Crowell Farm, Hamblen Co., Tennessee, that is
now past four years old. It was mown five times dur¬
ing season of 1910, producing six tons of barn-cured
hay per acre for the season. This crop is growing
on Haggerstown red clay soil, which is the most
valuable soil type in east Tennessee. Long continued
grain cropping had reduced this soil to such an extent
that no farm crop could be grown on it at a profit.
The first step in successfully establishing an Alfalfa
meadow on this soil is lime. Second, deep and thor¬
ough cultivation, seeding August 1 to September 1,
using 2i) pounds (the best) Alfalfa seed
per acre, adding 250 to 350 pounds 16
per edit acid phosphate with 100 pounds
of muriate of potash carrying 50 per
cent of potassium and 50 pounds nitrate
of soda ; these three thoroughly mixed
and applied at time of seeding.
We have no need to use any form of
so-called inoculating bacteria, nor the
soil from an Alfalfa meadow. Japan
clover or Lespedeza seems to have ren¬
dered this unnecessary. If burned lime
is used one to V/z ton is sufficient, pro¬
vided it be magnesium lime made from
dolomite limestone. If calcium car¬
bonate is used, which in my section is
made from marble, two to 2x/> tons
would be advisable, for it must be re¬
membered that magnesium carbonate
has more power to correct soil acidity
than lias calcium carbonate, hence it is
that long ago magnesium carbonate was
known as “hot lime,” and a less amount
should be used. Red clover grew 4 T4
tons of hay per acre the season of 1910.
This 14^4 acre field was limed also,
without which such a crop of clover
would not have grown. As an experi¬
ment we placed a few Alfalfa seeds on
this field at the time it was seeded to
glover, selecting in each case the. thin-
• nest places. Result, these Alfalfa seed-
ings are now growing, looking strong
and healthy, while the Red clover is al¬
most all gone, it being a biennial at
best. We are feeding* 40 head of beef
cattle for the Spring market and we find
that Alfalfa and clover hay with corn
crushed, husk and all, makes the best
combination we have ever tried for put¬
ting on flesh and fat. We see to it that
stalls are kept well bedded with wheat
straw, and we make immense amounts
of manure, which is carted to the fields
mostly in need of it, as fast as made
and the weather will permit. So here,
my dear Hope Farm man, is “the Moses
that will deliver the South from poverty-
stricken bondage,” lime, legumes and
live stock. All hail the day when this
truth will be driven home and safely
lodged in the minds of our farming
communities. Then and only then will
happy contentment be found in each
farm home, and here is the foundation
on which our national institutions rest.
For it must be remembered that no na¬
tion of peoples has long remained pros¬
perous under systems of declining agri¬
culture. o. P. N. FOX.
Tennessee.
R. N.-Y. — Good, but do you not need
drainage? The “Moses” is all right,
but why be so bashful as to keep him
back away from the railroads? A little
“playing to the galleries” will do all
hands good. We should impress the
capabilities of both men and soil on those as yet un¬
familiar with the field we are interested in.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
life, $800 would have been a top price for him. Now
as to the stallion dealer who sold this horse, perhaps
no one but himself will ever know how much he re¬
ceived of the $2,400, for if this company was formed
as they have been in the past 20 years throughout
the United States, there were many things that had
to be attended to. In this particular case I assume
that the salesman was an agent for the sale of this
certain horse, and the stallion was turned over to him
at a price, to be paid for when this man sold him.
In most cases, a salesman would have gone to
one or two of the most influential farmers in the
neighborhood and told them that he needed their
assistance in forming a company, and that if they
187
3 FT
A NON-TWISTING FENCE POST. Fig. 60.
A KANSAS DOG THAT LEADS CATTLE. Fig. 61.
THAT HORSE COMPANY SCHEME.
How It Is Worked.
It seems strange that after all that has been written
about stallion salesmen going into a farming com¬
munity and selling a second-class stallion at three
times his worth, it is still possible to do this in a
State like New York. There is an old saying that is
certainly as true to-day as it was a hundred years
a£° sucker is born every minute, and one was
ne\er known to die.” This quotation seems very
applicable to the company that paid $2400 for the
stallion described on page 89. In the first place, there
are only a few stallions that are worth $2400, and
$1^00 should buy a good enough horse for anyone,
and if the photograph of this $2400 horse is true to
A TENNESSEE ALFALFA FIELD. Fig. 62.
would go into it they would lie presented with their
stock; in other words, when they signed their names
to the note the cash would be paid to them. With
two good names leading the list the rest is easy for
a good “flannel-mouthed salesman.” Next, the banker
must be seen, and a long time note is probably sold
close to a 20 per cent discount. The selling company
perhaps realized $1200 for their stallion, the agent
perhaps received $500 for his trouble, and is now
making similar sales in another locality.
As to the income from this $2400 horse, in Virginia
these company stallions are kept by members of the
company at $12 a month, and a man hired to “carry”
the horse for three months in the Spring at $25 a
month. If he is a fair horse he should be allowed 60
mares, and should realize 45 colts, and on this basis
the net income after paying interest should amount
to $473. _ F. W. OKIE.
Virginia.
How to Buy a Stallion.
I read with much interest J. Grant Morse’s account
of the organization of his horse company, on page 89.
This is not a new story. It is an all too common one,
both at the present time and in the past. The trans¬
action is quite legal, but it is hardly fair to charge a
lot of men $2400 for an $800 or $1,000 horse, and to
have four or five good men sign a joint note along
with many others whose signatures are of no value at
the local banks. It is too ‘bad that some communities
will not buy a good horse until a smooth horse peddler
comes along with a horse, an organizer, a tricky con¬
tract and a joint note. It suggests some of those co¬
operative creamery schemes we hear of. A better way
is to organize the company first, agree on
the cost of the stallion and send one or
more good men who arc judges of the
type of horse that is wanted to sales
barns of the horse breeders or importers.
You can get your choice of a horse in
this way, and at a big saving in cost.
Each member of such a horse company
pays cash for his share in the horse, or
gives his individual note, with security
if needed, and tliere need be no mis¬
understandings or legal squabbles. If
the selecting committee who go to pick
out a horse are good horsemen and have
some business sagacity, and take time to
look about a little, they should easily
be able to get a good horse worth the
money, but in some cases -of this kind
the prices seem too high. Two horse
companies in this county have high-
priced stallions, both Percherons. One
cost $2,000 and another $3,000, but the
latter horse was peddled, I believe.
Though these tricks of the trade are
legal, they are nevertheless wrong, and
sooner or later react to the injury of all
purebred live stock. It is really too bad
that such a good horse as the Belgian
came to the neighborhood in such a
Way and with such companionship.
Ohio. VV. E. DUCKWALL.
The Horse Died ; Few Colts.
I was very much interested in the
article written by Mr. Morse on the first
page of January 28 issue. There was a
company started here about 20 years
ago in very much the same way, with
results very much as Mr. Morse pic¬
tured them. There were five or six
who were responsible men who had the
horse to pay for. I don’t think, as I re¬
member it, that he ever got enough colts
to pay his keep. The horse died in a
few years, but there were very few colts
ever raised from him. f. f.
New Jersey.
An Old-Time Experience.
J. Grant Morse's description of “Our
Farmers’ Horse Company" revives afresh
my experience with a horse company
about 20 years ago ; I started in with
the same experience as Mr. Morse. All
went nearly the same; the agent pre¬
sented the joint note for me to sign.
I told him no; he finally gave that up
and wanted cash. I again told him no.
Then finally lie wanted me to give him
my individual note. I told him I would
give him nothing nor sign anything, but
would come to the meeting, about four
miles away on a certain day. The horse
was to be there. I went ; when I got
there the horse was at Afton, and the
meeting was to be there. I refused to go
any farther. I vied hard to get others
to stand with me, but they had signed the
joint note and I could not get them to go with
me, but the next thing I knew I was ordered to
appear at Delhi. Then I got busy and made up
my mind I could go to Afton to the meeting.
Arriving there I found some of the company had
thought best to have legal advice and had em¬
ployed a lawyer, who was a friend of mine. I told
him how matters stood. He told me not to pay them
one cent, and he would see me through, and lie did ;
when it came to trial the judge would not even let
the case go to the jury, but decided in my favor, and
the company that was selling the horse had costs to
pay. Mv expenses were about $8 in cash and some
lost time, but altogether I called it a good investment,
as I think it taught me a good lesson, and I am quite
positive there was not one of the other 11 men that
came out as well as I did, as but few colts were
raised from the horse, not enough to pay exnenses,
and 1 know several lost nearly the whole amount.
New York. e. c. birdsall.
1BH
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
“THE PRODUCER’S DOLLAR.”
Getting the Cream of It.
That this subject is receiving so
much attention is an indication of bet¬
ter conditions in the near future. In
order to make a comfortable living it
is. necessary for the farmer to elimin¬
ate as far as possible the middleman's
profit, and retail his products, and it
may be interesting to some to know how
I am handling the product of my dairy
so as to realize all that there is in it.
For many years I had, most of the
time, sold my milk to Boston contrac¬
tors, but considering that they had vio¬
lated their contract by forcing me to
fill 2Yz can “jugs” in place of the usual
SY quart cans, I at once notified them
of the fact and informed them that I
should not continue to fill the “jugs,”
and although they were desirous to have
me “try the jugs” longer, 1 at once took
my milk off the cars. I conceived the
idea that a cream route might prove
profitable, and although one was already
established in my ' town, I at once
stocked, up with cans and bottles and
engaged a neighbor to separate the milk
for me. Later in the season 1 put in a
separator. I did not have the promise
of a customer, but that did not frighten
me, foi as I have been a retailer of fruit
and produce in town from my youth
up, I thought I could dispose of my
goods as I had of my other produce.
This Spring marks the anniversary of
carry "double decker” loads of good [
things from the field and garden. If |
you are situated where you can work j
out the dairy problem, as I have in my
town, try it, but do not think that a
scrub cow, or even an ordinary one will
bring you large returns as a cream pro¬
ducer. Weed out the poor ones from
the herd and replace them with “cream
cows.” Don’t let the “other fellow” get
the larger share of the producer’s dol¬
lar. You can obtain it if you have
brains and business ability. J. L. P.
V/ilton, N. H.
Alfalfa Seed in New York.
On page 27 you show a picture, Fig. 16,
of an Alfalfa plant gone to seed in Seneca
County. The facts are these : This picture
was taken September 17. 1910, at the Good¬
rich homestead, where the first annual pic¬
nic of Springport Grange, No. 1184, was be¬
ing held. Mr. F. It. Stevens gave us a very
practical talk on “Neighborhood Concentra¬
tion,” making plain the benefits to be de¬
rived therefrom : for example, he had no¬
ticed how Alfalfa grew here and that the
farmers around were much interested in
growing it for home use, and, knowing
where he could sell 1,000 tons at $18 par
ton at that time, led to the suggestion that
if we would concentrate our efforts more,
growing Alfalfa as a money crop instead of
wheat, buyers would be attracted here,
much to our benefit. This Alfalfa seed
was sown in the Spring -of 1908, alone, for
a chicken run. Last Spring the yard was
plowed, but tliis Alfalfa was where it could
not be disturbed, and it grew, and if g.ew,
as the picture plainly shows, and seeded
itself wonderfully. This was the first time
THE ENTIRE CONSUMER'S DOLLAR— DELIVERING CREAM.
my second year in the cream business,
and I find it difficult to supply my cus¬
tomer. Cream of a quality suitable
for whipping is sold for 40 cents a quart,
pint and half-pint in same proportion.
Skim-milk is a scarce article, there be¬
ing a good demand for it at two quarts
for five cents, which 1 consider is much
better than feeding it to pigs or calves.
When there has been surplus cream it
has been made into a fancy brand of
butter which I could guarantee fas I
wear the cap and apron) and delivered
to the parties who say "1 am fussy about
my butter.” Buttermilk is also a good
selling article at five cents a quart. In
spite of the fact that the town boasted
a cream route, and several milk and
butter routes, I think I may say that
at the present time I have a large pro¬
portion of the cream trade, being the
only one running a cream route, and I
have not complied with numerous re¬
quests tor “whole milk.” In this way
my milk nets me from 60 to 70 cents
per SRLquart can, which I consider a
better price than I could obtain from
contractors or a creamery, and during
the fruit and produce season I should
have to run. my team daily, anyway, so
I take that into account when reckon¬
ing the cost of handling.
Although I have some customers who
settle their bills monthly, a large pro¬
portion pay cash or weekly, so I have
something coming in each day, and do
not have to wait until nearly the end of
the next month to receive pay for the
goods delivered the first of the month
previous, as when selling to the contrac¬
tors. The picture shows the Maple View
Farm team ready for a return trip from
the cream route. During the produce
season I use a pair on this wagon, and
it ever seeded. What effect it will have on
the vitality of the plant remains to be seen.
I know of two farmers near Auburn who
each thrashed a few bushels of seed last
Fall. While it has been grown in this
vicinity many years, this is the first home¬
grown seed I have ever seen.
Cayuga Co., N. Y. a. h. Goodrich.
Cow Peas and Oats.
Will you consider in the columns of The
It. N.-Y. the advisability of breaking up a
Timothy sod in Allegheny Co., Pa., and sow¬
ing to cow peas and oats? Then, after
cutting that for hay, sowing to Alfalfa.
The plan is to get the ground in Alfalfa
without missing a crop or lying idle for a
part of the season. R. R-
Ohio.
Cow peas and oats will not work so well.
Better use the Canada field peas with the
oats. Sow the combination early, plowing
the sod as soon as the ground is fit. Cut the
oats and peas for hay or plaw the entire
crop under and then roll firmly. Use at least
one ton of lime, well Worked in, and after
tilling the soil freely, seed to Alfalfa. If
any readers have had actual experience with
this we would like to hear from them.
Motor for Small Farm.
I am one of the so-called great army of
suburbanites, living on a four-acre piece of
land a short distance from the city limits.
Like many others, I experience a great deal
of trouble" in hiring work done on my prop¬
erty, such as plowing, cultivating, grass
cutting, etc. My farmer neighbors who can
do this work are usually busy on their own
farms at just about the time that I want
my work "done. 1 have been looking for
some time for the advertisement of some
of these motor people, hoping that they
would get up something in the way of a
small machine driven by gasoline power for
doing this kind of work on small farms of
from one to five acres. It seems to me
there would be a market for such machines.
Do vou know of anything of this nature?
Michigan. J. b. barlow.
There is nothing of just this sort on the
market. Several manufacturers have mo¬
tors which do farm work, as plowing, but
they are expensive and best adapted to large
fields where the rows are long. They
would hardly prove economical in small
fields. There certainly is a demand for
such a power, but it is probably not on
hand yet.
FRUIT TREES
February 18,
Our Proof to date after years of service is that
we can save you not only money, but disap.
pointment when your trees begin to fruit
This Proof will be submitted with our new'
catalog— ask for it today. * * * * *
H. S. WILEY & SON, Box 122, Cayuga, N. Y.
NURSERY STOCK IN BARGAIN LOTS.
as
the extensive planting . - - - , „ . , „ .
bargain lots. Order one or more lots, as may be desired. I hose lots are all nice, clean stock, true
to name and free from disease. Write for descriptive price list. * * * *
NO. 1, FOR 86.00
100 Elberta Peach, 2 to 3 feet. 1 yr. from bud
10 Jonathan Apple, 1 year 2 to 3 feet
NO. 4, FOR 88.00
100 Apple, 2 to 3 feet, first-class, one year
40 Jonathan 40 Rome Beauty 20 Winesap
NO. 5, FOR 810.00
100 Apple, select, 1 year, 3 to four feet
10 Spitzenberg 30 Winesap 10 Rome Beauty
20 Winter Banana 30 Jonathan
NO. 6, FOR 816.00
100 Cherry, 2 year from bud, 5 to 6 feet
80 Early Richmond 10 Montmorency
10 Dyehouse
50 Kieffer Pear, 4 to 0 feet
. . . ORDER ANY
NO. 7, FOR 815.00
first-class 50 Early Richmond, 2 year,
OF THE ABOVE BY NUMBER .
4 to 6 feet
,NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
FRUIT TREES
and
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
Box 3, _ Yalesville, Conn.
This Beautiful New Rose
The
Climbing
^American
Beauty
was originated by
us — a cross be¬
tween the Ameri¬
can Beauty and
the seedling of
one of our hardy
climbing roses.
The result is a
rose as beautiful
and exquisitely
fragrant as the American Beauty, with
blooms 3 to 4 inches in diameter — but it is
hardy as an oak, of strong habit of
growth, a perfect mass of bloom in June.
The Climbing American Beauty will grow
wherever a climbing or pillar rose will-
why not in your garden? We will sell
year-old plants of this wonderful new rose
at 82.00 each— mailed, postpaid, to any
address on receipt of amount. Write for
folder giving full particulars.
Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Company
^ West Chester, Pa.
FREE
Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees,
SII ItUBS and ROSES,
SMALL FRUIT PLANTS
of all kinds from the famous Lake Shore re¬
gion of northern Ohio. Sand for catalogue.
MAPLE BENI) NURSERY,
T. B. West. Lock Box 287, Perry, Ohio.
We Have Over fifty Million Evergreens
All lmrdy. tested, nursery grown stock. We snip
to all parts of the world. Large as well as small
trees supplied, $4.00 and up per thousand. Our
prices are lowest of all. Quality the highest.
Hill’s Trees Grow
because they arc hardy and have good roots
You can have a beautiful windbreak, hedge,
shelterbelt or screen with the hardiest of ever¬
greens at a very 1 ow cost. Our beautifulcatalog,
illustrated in colors, is a mine of information on
evergreens, shade, ornamental and fruit trees,
shrubs, Toses and vines. Don’t buy until you
get free catalog and sheet describing 50 won¬
derful bargain lots. Send for them today. 1
D. iiill Nursery Company, Box 212, Dundee, Illinois
Evergreen Specialists
Seeds, Plants, Roses,
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, etc.
Hundreds of car lots of
FRUIT and O R N A -
MENTAL TREES. 1,200
acres, 50 in hardy Roses,
nonebettergrown. 44green-
houses of Palms, Ferns,
Ficus, Gerani uni s and
other things too numerous
to mention. Seeds, Plants,
Bulbs, Roses, Small Trees, etc., by mail, post¬
paid. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Immense stock of SUPERB CANNAS, the
queen of bedding plants. Acres of Paeonias and
other Perennials. 50 choice collections cheap
in Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc. Elegant 168-page
Catalog FREE. Send for it today and see what
values we give for your money. Direct deal will
insure you the best at first cost. 57 years. (12)
The Storrs & Harrison Co. Box 158 Painesville, 0.
Greatest Rose Catalogue
Now Ready for You
Ready, to help you select roses guaranteed
to bloom — endless varieties, sold oii their
own roots, direct from America’s foremost
growers. Enclose 10c and we will also
send onr famous hook, ‘‘How to Grow Rose#”
(1911 edition revised), the rose lover’s man¬
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THE CON Altl> «l JONES CO.
Rose Specialists — 50 years experience
Uox 4 It . West Grove, Pa.
Send for This Book
its FREE
It tells you how you can save big
money by ordering your fruit and
ornamental trees and shn bs, vines
and plants direct from us by mail
insteadof through an agent. We
have thousands of satisfied custom¬
ers all over the country which
proves that our stock is the kind
you want to get.
We grow our own stock
and guarantee it
Send us your name ana address now.
ALLEN L. WOOD, Woodlawn Nurseries
571 Culver Road, Rochester, N. Y.
FRUIT, SHADE and ORNAMENTAL
TREES, SHRUBS and ROSES
A Large Stock of the Finest Quality. Also
a Full Line of the BEST Spray Bumps, and
Spray Material. Prices Low and Satisfac¬
tion Guaranteed. We Deal Direct with
our Customers. Write for Price List.'
CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, Ohio.
McKay’S Peach Trees-
McUaV’S Dwarf Apple Trees —
McKay’s Acre .Cherry Orchard, S15 -
McKay’S Rose Bushes on their own roots-
McKay’S Fertilizer Chemicals -
McKa yfS agricultural Lime , $3 per ton
McKay’S Catalogue tells about them— and more
W: L. McKay, Geneva. N. Y. Box R.
FRUIT
TREES
Pear#. Bartlett, Seckel and others.
Fine, healthy trees. Cherries and
Pin ms, all tx^t varieties. Peaches,
grown from buds from hearing trees. Also Grape*
and Currants in any quantity. General big advance
in prices this year owing to great demand for fruit
trees in northwest. Our prices have not advanced.
Get wholesale prices direct from us and $1 Lot Offers.
Save i to ». Free Catalog. Write to-day.
W. P. RUPERT Sr. SON, Box 20 Seneca, N. Y.
Also Breeders of Prize Hampshire Sheep
Fruit Trees at $6.48 for 100
WE GROW THF. TREES WE SELL, nhlek
Hr© the best known for garden and or¬
chard. Fresh dng, ti >i to nmne, no scale,
no risk. Personal attention given each
order. Send us a list of your wants for
wholesale prices. Everybody write for
free illustrated catalogue.
2 APPLE TREES, 1 McIntosh and 1
Banana, bent postpaid for cents.
Box 13 Dansville, N. Y.
^faloney^Bros^^Vells,
Black’s PeackTrees-1911
J
w. ^.^Pcach Trees are one of our specialties — we
Krow f°r Quality and not quantity alone. Our
ts YjJf trees, however, cost little, if any, m^re than thej
| ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but selj^
direct, saving middleman’s profits.* r ■ li
New booklet, “Springtime audydlUdDIG
Harvest for the Fruit-grower, ” free. ■ ■ t,
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co. UOOKIGT
Box V,Hightstown, New Jersey ffgg
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
^^JlEURlf^Hl^JIURSERIES^DKK^^JtAUMAZOOAJiCH^
SALESMEN WANTED
TO SELL TREES AND PLANTS
Free outfit. Commis¬
sion paid weekly. Write
for terms. PERRY NURS
ERIES, Rochester, N. Y,
Fruit Trees From the Grower.
Save middlemen’s expense and get them
fresh dug. Catalog free.
WM. J. REILLY, NURSERYMAN. DANSVILLE. N Y.
TREES
CATALOG FREE
— 15OACR10S. Genesee Valley
grown. “Not the cheapest, but
the best.” Never have had San
Jose Scale. Established 1861).
GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
20 Maple St.. Dansville. N Y.
1911
THE RURA.L >1 E W- VORKER
189
FIVE ACRES ENOUGH ?
D. .1. Brattleboro, Vt. — Would it bo
profitable to raise horseradish for the mar¬
ket on a fairly large scale? Could one
make a good income on five acres on the fol¬
lowing plan? One acre to asparagus; one
acre to tomatoes; one acre to horseradish;
hens and other birds to roam over an acre
or two. How near to New York city could
one find the suitable five acres? Are there
any desirable places on the Hudson not too
far from New York? High and healthy
location dsirable ; would like trolley line.
Ans. — Can one make a living on live
acres of land by diversified methods, or
lines of working similar to those sub¬
mitted by D. A. C. ? This question has
always agitated the minds of many peo¬
ple, caused many changes in the differ¬
ent walks of life, and not infrequently
has it cost them considerable of their
early savings. It is therefore a critical
question to undertake to answer. So
much will depend on the man, his for¬
mer occupation, his age, and methods
of detail, etc., that advice or information
given in one case may not be suitable
in another. As a rule experience and
close observation has more to do with
successful farming than science or in
fact any information that can he given,
and those who are without some experi¬
ence in the line of farming who have
passed the stone in life’s highway that
marks the highest point, I would ad¬
vise not to engage in the market garden¬
ing business. The long hours and the
exposure in all kinds of weather which
the business necessarily entails is keenly
felt by those past middle age, who have
spent the most useful part of their life
at the desk, behind the linen counter or
other similar occupations. And the fact
should not he overlooked that the pres¬
ent-day methods of young men have
worked the undoing of the older ones,
and he who does not conform to these
methods cannot get out of his commer¬
cial life all that his natural aptitude
may entitle him to. Nevertheless the
world offers great prizes to all who can
applv themselves to the true limitation
of their ability, and it is here that a
close application to business teaches
methods that are effectual, and the high¬
est working qualities are best trained In¬
active and sympathetic contact with
others in the same affairs of life. Pro¬
gressive farming and market gardening
to-day, with their far-reaching advan¬
tages, aided by farm literature, State
experiment stations and the social fea¬
tures of the local Granges, give a noble
training and a splendid opportunity for
young men of character and tact. It
seems to be a very moderate view of
the business when regarded as only a
means of getting a living. A man’s
business is his part of the world’s work;
his share of the great activities which
makj communities prosper, and farming
is a social industry giving employment
to labor in localities where manufactur¬
ing industries as a rule seldom thrive,
and it is a culture which strengthens
and invigorates if it does not refine; it
gives force if it does not polish. It
makes strong men and ready men, and
will necessarily make able exponents of
the small farm theory, which are to he
the farms of the future. The great in¬
crease in pouplation will demand this,
the same as in the European countries,
where the land brings forth four times
the amount per acre as that cultivated
by the average American farmer. In the
old countries the force of circumstances
taught them long ago the importance of
conservation, and that the soil fertility
must and can be maintained, and the
condition can best he brought about by
cultivating fewer acres. The young men
of tli is country should take advantage of
the forced conditions of the older coun¬
tries by keeping abreast of or a little
ahead of the farm development in the
great agricultural centers. As the farms
of the future will he reduced in size so
also our market gardens will contain
but few acres, intensively cultivated so
as to yield at a maximum.
Will five acres of such land so cul¬
tivated and managed produce sufficient
for a living? My answer, of course
based on experience and observation,
will be in the affirmative, and in very
many instances a handsome profit can
he shown also, and I do not hesitate in
saying that the future will develop new
and improved methods in producing
maximum yields, that to-day are beyond
the dream of men. Where a few acres
are cultivated and the soil made neces¬
sarily rich by continuous applications of
manure to meet these heavy expenses,
every available space must he .kept
planted by double or companion crop¬
ping with early and quick-growing vege¬
tables. Crops, therefore, such as aspara¬
gus, horseradish, tomatoes, etc., will not
admit of this method of culture. As¬
paragus is a farm crop rather than one
of the market gardener’s choice, and
when cultivated as such is usually un¬
profitable, but it will not show as profit¬
able returns as where two or more crops
are grown on a given space, except it is
grown by the mulching system, which
requires very intensive methods, and al¬
most twice the amount of grass can he
grown on an acre. Horseradish is not
always a profitable crop, depending
somewhat on location and market, oc¬
cupying the land too long for the gar¬
dener who aims to get the most from
his soil. It is sometimes planted in
early cabbage, making most of its
growth during the cool moist weather
of Autumn and sold as a Winter crop,
and by this method of handling is profit¬
able. The tomato is one of the leading
crops among the farm gardeners, and
is very extensively grown where soil
conditions are favorable. It delights in
a sandy loam, and in locations that are
well sheltered from the north winds
with a southern exposure they can he
brought in market very early and will
command the highest price. After a few
pickings the price soon drops, often
selling as low as 23 cents per basket.
The tomato should not be planted on
such rich soil as that usually found in
the smaller market gardens, the great
quantities of nitrogen and other rich
plant food producing a dense foliage
growth, usually retarding the ripening
of the fruit and rendering them unprof¬
itable.
As to fowls in a market garden, here
we must draw the line. The busy hen
in a well-arranged market garden where
ground is figured on the square yard
basis, can do more damage in one hour
than one dozen of her kind can make
good in egg producing in one day. It
has always seemed to me from my early
experience in chicken farming, and by
closely observing the work of others,
that it is a hobby rather than a business,
and should be followed as such. Among
the many vocations of life there is
none that so enthusiastically engages
the attention of all classes as poultry
farming, none that fills so many pages
of farm history with glowing descrip¬
tions, and none that has so few- suc¬
cesses to its credit as this particular
fanev. Within a radius of one mile
from where I am writing these lines we
can count more than a dozen poultry
farms, mushroom houses, ginseng fields,
and water-cress streams, most of them
very desirable locations and expensive
properties, hut they are now strewn
with the wreckage of wasted time, the
few buildings that remain standing" as
mournful monuments of misguided am¬
bition. However, if fowls are to he
kept on a market garden containing not
more than five acres of ground the fol¬
lowing crops will he suitable to grow,
and should produce at the selling price
an average of $200 to $400 per acre :
One acre of rhubarb, one of asparagus,
one of strawberries and one of horse¬
radish. These crops will allow the
keeping of fowls without materially in¬
terfering with them. The rhubarb comes
in very early in April, followed by as¬
paragus i n May and strawberries in
June. The fowls could then have the
run of the place to the end of the sea¬
son. The horseradish is harvested late
in the Fall and sold during the Winter
months, thus making it a very desirable
crop to work in with the foregoing.
T. M. WHITE.
THE Clothcraft label is an insurance-mark that
you ought to have in your clothes. It stands
first for all-wool — a prime requirement in
good clothes at any price. It also stands for such fit
and finish as you’d expect only in clothes at higher
prices; and so it means a saving of $5 to $10 a suit.
You know that only thoroughly-shrunk all-wool can give lasting service and satisfaction in a man’s
clothes. The important thing is to know, before your money is spent, that you're getting all-wool.
That's why every Clothcraft suit ;s marked with the Clothcraft label, and warranted by the Cloth-
craft guaranty that assures all-wool cloth, first-class trimmings and workmanship, lasting shape,
service and satisfaction. That guaranty is backed by both dealer and maker. You get it only at
Clothcraft Stores.
You don’t need a guara rv for the correct style and really remarkable fit. A try-on will show
the close-fitting collar and lapels; the shapely shoulders; the smooth, full coat -front; the trousers
that set close at the heel.
Clothcraft Scientific Tailoring, that makes these merits possible, is the outgrowth of sixty-one
years’ study of just one thing — the making of good clothes at medium prices. That fact in itself is
a mighty good reason why you ought, for your own satisfaction, to investigate Clothcraft Clothes.
Go to the nearest Clothcraft Store, or write us direct. We’ll gladly send you the Clothcraft style-
folder for spring, and a booklet that pictures the light, clean shop where Clothcraft Clothes are
made, together with the name of the nearest Clothcraft dealer. He’s a man who believes every
customer is entitled to honest clothes, honest methods and an honest guaranty. That’s why he sells
Clothcraft Clothes.
THE JOSEPH & FEISS COMPANY
Founded 1850— Oldeit American
Manufacturers of Men’s Clothes
635 St. Clair Avenue, N. W. Cleveland
“ makes it only play to work a garden ”
This is exactly what a Planet Jr gardener says. And he
says what over a million farmers and gardeners think. They know
the time and labor their Planet Jrs save. Aren’t you ready to
give up the drudgery of farm and garden? Planet Jr implements
are ready to lighten your labor, enlarge and better your crops,
and increase your profits. Made by a practical farmer and manu¬
facturer with over 35 years’ experience. Fully guaranteed.
No. 25 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double-Wheel Hoe, Cultivator
and Plow opens the furrow, sows seed in drills or hills, covers rolls and marks out next row in
one operation ; and it has perfect cultivating attachments besides.
No. & Planet Jr Horse-Hoe and Cultivator will do more things Ti»
more ways than any other horse-hoe made. Plows to or from the row. A .
splendid furrower, covercr, hiller, and horse-hoc ; unequaled as a cultivator.
The 1911 Planet Jr illustrated catalogue is in¬
valuable to every progressive farmer and gardener.
56 pages brimful of helpful hints on
labor-saving. Free and postpaid.
Write for it today.
w<33 S L Allen & Co
if Absaab phiiada
pa
mam
190
A TOMATO GROWER’S STORY.
One of my best money crops for the
last few years has been early tomatoes.
I use a selected strain of northern
grown Earliana seed. Good seed is very
important to any crop. Seed is sown in
greenhouse last week in February or
first of March, in fiats, sowing four or
five seeds to inch, spacing rows about
two inches apart. As soon as plants
make first true leaves 1 transplant them
two inches apart in bed in greenhouse;
after transplanting they are thoroughly
wetted. No more water is given from
now on than is absolutely necessary to
make good stocky plants. I watch them
closely, and never allow them to crowd,
as a forced and spindling plant is no
good. The next transplanting is into
four-inch paper pots. I have tried sec¬
ond transplanting before potting them,
but my experience is that nothing is
gained by it. I fill pots half full of
well-rotted manure, firm down, fill to
within half an inch of top with good
rich soil, also firm down, leaving the
half inch for water; if filled full water
will run off. Pots are placed in flats as
soon as filled, and placed in mild hotbed,
which has been made beforehand by put¬
ting seven or eight inches of warm
manure in the frame. Firm down well;
if too dry, sprinkle, level up with one
or two inches of soil. I cover with
good tight sash. As fast as flats are put
in the frame, weather here not being
any too warm, care is taken that no
frost gets in. I cover sash well at night
with mats or shutters, as I have taken
som* chances before, and have been hit
hard by frost. I give all ventilation
possible on warm days, so they will not
get drawn or spindling; no cold wind
is allowed to blow on them.
About May first I shift sash and
cover with cloth ; on warm days strip
cloth off. I find cloth gives good pro¬
tection and will harden them in good
shape, but judgment and care must be
used, as we are liable to severe frost.
On cold nights frost may strike through
cloth. For extra cover I use two or
three inches of hay over cloth. About
a week before plants are set in field all
covering is left off, as this thoroughly
hardens them, and they are large and
stocky and show blossoms now. I give
good wetting down the day before they
are set in field. For this early crop
warm gravel land that is in good heart
is used, which has been plowed early
and dragged several times. I mark rows
four feet apart the long way of field,
and three feet cross ways. I then open
furrows the long way, using my celery
hiller. narrowed tq one foot wide. This
makes . fine furrow about six inches
deep, leaving dirt even on both sides.
Fertilizer that will analyze 4-7-8 is
dropped at cross marks, using one to
1J4 tons per acre. This is well mixed
by hand with the surrounding soil.
Plants are taken to field in the flats ;
they are distributed at cross marks. In
setting them paper is torn from bottom
of pot and unrolled. I find plants do
better to remove pot entirely, although
some roots grow throjugh the paper, the
large mass of roots holding soil and
manure together. In setting plants in
furrow some dirt has been drawn in to
mix fertilizer, and will leave furrow
the right depth to set plant, which
should be a little deeper than where
they grew. Enough soil is drawn to
plant to cover clump of roots. Fur¬
rows are filled with horse and large-
tooth cultivator going long way of row.
This fills furrow and levels off ground.
1 make only as many furrows as can
be set in a day, as 'Sun and wind dries
them out. I fill same soon as plants
are set, and never have a plant wilt. Tn
about a week after setting I give each
plant a large tablespoonful of nitrate
of soda scattered evenly around it. I
find this a great help toward earliness,
and think one application better than
two. Frequently shallow cultivation is
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February IS,
given with small-tooth cultivator. I
keep it going just as long as I can
without injury to vines. I usually hoe
twice. I find it pays to work them often.
As soon as tomatoes commence to ripen
the field is gone over often ; in this
way very few are lost by cracking.
They are taken to packing house, wiped
and packed in four, eight and 20-pound
baskets. What our home market does
not consume, are shipped. My crop
last year was two weeks earlier than
other growers. Although there are hun¬
dreds of acres grown around here, I
think I can safely say my crop made
between $500 and $600 per acre. Of
course my expense of growing plants
was more than the ordinary way. I
have practiced this method for four or
five years, and have always been well
repaid. S. j. cook.
Chautauqua Co., N. Y.
Stock Yard Manures.
J. H. X., Meriden, Conn. — Would you ad¬
vise buying the manures described on en¬
closed circular, or high-grade fertilizer for
garden truck?
Ans. — The manures mentioned are
pulverized sheep manure, $18 to $30 per
ton ; pulverized cattle manure, $16 to
$27 ; shredded cattle manure, $14 to 27,
and pulverized hog manure, $15 to $27.
We understand this is the dried product
from stock yards shredded or ground
fine. No analysis is given. We would
not buy any manure or fertilizer with¬
out a guaranteed analysis so as to com¬
pare its plant food with that in chemi¬
cals. The Connecticut Experiment Sta¬
tion finds an average of about 2.35 per
cent nitrogen, V/2 per cent potash and
half of one per cent phosphoric acid in
pulverized sheep manure. This has a
value of $11 to $12 — that is, you could
buy this plant food in chemicals for that
amount. Of course all manures contain
humus in addition to the plant food, but
the price charged is too high.
Save 25% On
Tested
Field Seeds
Don’t buy field or grass seed any¬
where until you have seen our cata¬
logue. You would hardly believe
how much lower our prices are than
the prices offered by other reputable
seed houses, but the difference is great
— in many cases our prices aie 50%
lower, made possible by our location,
our buying direct from growers and
our large operations.
We will send you samples of anything
you want for comparison or examination
by any experiment station and guarantee
quality equal to samples.
Large fresh stocks of CLOVERS,
GRASS SEEDS, ALFALFA, SEED CORN,
OATS, COW PEAS, MILLET, SORGHUM,
RAPE, potatoes, vegetable and flower
seeds and lawn grass.
Write today for our new book, “The
Gateway to Success,” an extraordinary
catalogue and invaluable guide on farm¬
ing and gardening, free.
Wood, Stubbs & Co., Louisville, Ky.
BLUE RIBBON SEEDS
Prize Winners From Kentucky
Better Seeds
Lower Prices
If we did not know we liad something t letter to
offer you in seeds, at lower prices, we would not be
so anxious for you to have our catalog. No better
seeds can be had.— We offer them to you direct at
wholesale prices.
Cnblmge Seed— We supply seed to
the largestgrowers and storers of cab¬
bage i n the U nited (States— pure seed—
ithe kind that produces cabbage, sure
to head up even and hardj^uid stand
up and stay green in '
storage until spring. (
Cauliflower Seed — is Danish
grown, from selected heads, screened I
so you get only large plump seed. W e t
will forfeit §500 for better, truer seed
than we furnish at moderate prices. _
Onion Seed— There is no cleaner,
truer seed to be had. Get our
special prices before buying.
iCncutnbcr Seed— Is all grown
’in New York Suite. Aswliitcas
chalk— no seedsman putsout bet¬
ter pedigreed stock at any price.
_ Peas— We grow our own stock,
hand-picked and cleaned. Peas second to none.
Beans— We grow here', hand-picked,
screened, and graded. New York State beans
excel the world.
Sweet Corn— Ask the gardener or the can-
ner if he would plant western grown sweet
corn ? Ours is all eastern grown. Field corn
on approval.
Forrest’s Honest Seeds are second to none
—and at about one-half the usual price.
Catalog free to all— drop us a postal.
FORREST SEED CO.. Box 32, Cortland, N. Y.
HARRIS’ HOME GROWN SEEDS.
Storing cabbage for seed growing at Harris’ Seed Farm — 235 acres devoted entirely to seed growing.
If you want seeds that are fresh, true to name, of strong vitality and of highest
quality in every way, you should get
HARRIS’ SEEDS direct from the grower.
We raise very fine strains of Cabbag’e^ Celery, 33eets, Carrots, Sweet
Corn, Peppers, Tomatoes, and all vegetable seeds, as well as Selected
Field Corn, Choice Seed Potatoes and other farm seeds.
We also have Grass Seeds of highest quality. Alfalfa, Montana grown,
extra high grade, over gg% pure and free from dodder. Soy Deans, Early Yel¬
low, grown on our own farm. Vetches, True Hairy or Sand Vetch at lowest price.
Write for Catalogue and Wholesale List of Seeds NOW, before you forget it.
JOSEPH HARRIS CO., Seed Growers, COLDWATER, N.Y.
Every American Planter knows that
Btirpee’s Seeds Grow!
BUT — do YOU know why they are the Best Seeds that can be grown for planting
in 191 1 ? Our address is W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Burpee Buildings,
Philadelphia. Send us your address, and we shall mail, without cost, a copy of
The Leading American Seed Catalog for 1911, a bright New Book of
174 pages that tells The Plain Truth About THE BURPEE-QUAL1TY SEEDS/
BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED CATALOG
144 barge Pages— Mailed Free
( About Natural Size )
ESCHSCHOLTZIA THORBURNI
' (California Poppy)
HARDY annual. Sow outdoors in Spring.
The grandest of all Eschscholtzias. The
unopened buds on outer side of petals
are of the deepest crimson, toning down on the
inner side to bright flame color and molten
gold. We will mail a packet of this valuable
novelty and a copy of our beautiful catalog—
the best Seed annual published in America — for
only 10 cents, stamps or coin. (Regular
price of Seed, 15 cents packet.) Write today.
J. M. THORBURN &. CO.
DEPT. Y
33 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK
NEW SEED OATS. Big money
in right kind ol oJts. Here'j
your chance. Imported Canadian
seed oats, raised on Galloway
Brothers’ big farm in Canada.
New, clean land. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre ; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought this seed from us last year raised as high as 75 to 100
bushels in this country, and iound out their old se-xl was inbred
pnd run out. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed,
pend for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. Will also send
our iree booklet, entitled “Big Money in Oats and How to Grow
Them.” Gailoway Bros.-Bou man Compa. y
662 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa
/"V A 'T' O New Victory or Rainy Weather
*** A w Oats, extra heavy yielders, storm
resisting, and best for low bottom land. Price 75c;
sack free. Cow Horn Turnip, 25c per pound.
SIEGEL the SEEDSMAN, ERIE, PA.
Try New \ TPC
Swedish vC*. 1 3
Government-endorsed as besv of
36 varieties. Doubles yield of
other varieties. Send for prices.
We have some specials in Peas, Com,
Onions, Cucumbers, Squash and other
largely profitable varieties — all Gre¬
gory’s Honest Seed, and guaranteed to
be pure, fresh and true to kind.
Our New 1911 Catalogue
always a correct guide to profitable gar-
deningis largernnd more
helpful than ever. Ask
for a copy; otherwise
you will not rc- HONE ST -
ceive it.
J. J. H. GREGORY & SON,
1 4 Elm St.9 Marblehead, Msss.
Ciioicest Clover Seed
Wo are in tkeiiem t of the
clover district. Buying
iliroct from the farmer add selling direct to you
gives you best quality, clean seed, and. saves you
money. Also handle Alsike and Timothy. Sample
free. Order now. 0. M. IS' OTT & SOX, "Only
(Seeds— mostly clovers,” 10 .'lain St., Marysville, O-
FOR SALE
J— Canada Peas, $1.85 bushel; Alas-
_ ka Peas $4.00 bushel; Cow Peas.
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel.
■Sow Canada Peas and Oats in March amt harvest
a crop of llay in May. Onion Sets at $J.25 pet
bushel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.
Try our seeds this year. They will more
than please you. Foronly 10c. in U. S.
stamps or coin we will send a regular
full size packet of
Beet, Improved Blood Turnip,
Lettuce, May King ,
Radish, Scarlet Turnip, White lipped,
Aster, Queen of the Market, mixed,
Sweet Peas, Finest mixed, and a copy of
the best Catalogue we ever Issued.
Remember, these are regular size packets and should not be
compared with those sent out in some collections. Send for
the catalogue anyway. It’s free and better than ever.
M. H.BRUNJES & SONS,
1581 Mvrtle Ave..
BROOKLYN, N.Y,
N. WERTHEIMER & SON
Choice seeds bonghtdi rent from tho farmer and sold
direct to the farmer. We offer you the choicest
seeds, doubly .recleaned. Medium and Mammoth
Clover Seed, Alsike, Alfalfa. Timothy, Crimson
(Mover, White Clover, Red Top, Orchard Grass,
Blue Grass, Lawn Grass, all kinds of Corn, Spring
and Winter Wheat, Buckwheat, all kinds of Peas.
Samples and prices sent on application. * * *
N. WERTHEIMER & SON LIGONIER. INDIANA
DDnniinCR If yon keep one coworahnn-
rriUUUbEn dred,it will pay you togiow the
Old Virginia Ensilage Com. It’8 the largest,
richest and best either for Silo cr feedingdry. Don’t take
asubBtitute. Ask for sample if interested. Catalogfree.
FORD SEED CO., Dept. *4 Itavenna, Ohio.
The confidence felt by farmers and
i gardeners in Ferry’s Seeds to-day
L would have been impossible to feel in
I any seeds two score of years
I ago. We have made a
1 science of
■ growing-^^BSsf ,-j- iW £
expect of them. For sale
everywhere. FERRY'S 1911 SEED
ANNUAL Free on request
D. M. FERRY & CO., Detroit, Mich,
1911.
iei
THE: RURAL, NEW-YORKER
FALL BEARING STRAWBERRIES.
Tlioro is to be a “boom” in strawberry
plants which give a crop in the Fall. Dur¬
ing the past few years a number of va¬
rieties have been developed which actuallv
give fair crops at this season. Opinion is
divided as to whether such varieties will
have practical value or not. Some grow¬
ers regard them as mere novelties, while
others think the berries will prove very
profitable. Our advice is to try them
moderately, observe their growth and de¬
cide whether or not it will nav to arrow
them in large Quantities. No doubt there
will be great attempts at faking in the
sale of those plants. As is usually the
case in selling “novelties” some nursery¬
men will rush witii all sorts of trash while
the "boom” lasts. Be careful where vou
buy. The picture below shows plants
young man, in 1885, and on the last three
trips I have tried to investigate agricultural
conditions and possibilities. I )> •' ,e even
contemplated disposing of my holdings
here and buying in the East, preferably
New York. But my farming experience has
all been gained in the West, and conditions
are very much different in the East. I
believe its agriculture to lie more compli¬
cated ; 1 believe it takes better management,
a higher agricultural education and greater
natural ability to make a success of agricul¬
ture in the East than it does in the West.
I have tried to make a comparison of condi¬
tions and possibilities between the two, help
to decide where the chances for a man of
ordinary abilities would be the best. But
I find it difficult. These competitive tests
would help. I believe in the contest, as you
suggest, the East would easily win. Some-
THE NEW PRODUCTIVE FALL-REARING STRAWBERRY.
of a variety grown by Samuel Cooner. and
Mr. Cooper makes the following statement
about them :
Cooper’s No. G, now named “Produc¬
tive,” is a new seedling of “Autumn”
crossed with the Pan American. It is
imperfect in blossom, so has to have a
perfect blossom Fall-bearing plant set
with it. The foliage is very dark green,
plants very large, with long roots. About
100 feet of row was set in the latter
part of May, 1909; plants set 14 inches
apart in the row. thicker than they
should have been, 18 or 20 inches would
be better. All fruit stems were removed.
They bore a good crop of berries in
August and September of 1909. In the j
Spring of 1910 about 700 new plants j
were removed and set elsewhere. The 1
ground was smoothed around the old
plants, then mulched with basswood j
sawdust and allowed to fruit. The pic- i
ture above was taken July 4, 1910, !
before the first picking, which yielded
24 standard quarts well heaped. The
berry is above medium in size, light red,
bright and glossy. I think it is the most
productive plant I ever saw. After the
Spring crop was harvested the foliage
was cut off, the mulch removed and the
ground well cultivated. About Septem¬
ber 10 we commenced to pick the second
crop, and they continued to bear until
freezing weather. The cultivation was
the same as is given the common va¬
rieties. I have a good many Fall-bear¬
ing varieties that make runners fairly
well and can be treated the same as the
common varieties, only remove the fruit
stems the Spring of setting plants. I
find these plants more productive for an
early Summer crop, with these advan¬
tages : If the frost kills the first blossoms
they will soon blossom again arid, bear
fruit, and you get three crops in two
years instead of one, as with the com¬
mon varieties. samuel cooper.
New York.
bow, our soil does not respond to tie1 extra
care .and fertilization, to the extent that
it does in the East. It is naturally fertile
and easily handled, but we are more or less
subject to severe droughts and hot winds
at critical periods, which very often entirely
destroy a promising crop. However, we
usually raise fair, if not large crops, and by
putting in a large acreage, we usually do
quite well. And here I believe is the diffi¬
culty in forming conclusions from a competi¬
tive test.
In tlie East tlie cornfields are small, a
few acres on each farm. Here it is easily
possible for one man witn, say four good
horses and improved implements, to grow
40 or 50 acres of corn. Many do better
than that, besides putting in anywhere from
40 to 100 acres of Winter wheat and 10 to
20 acres of oats, doing all the work them¬
selves, excepting during harvest and stack¬
ing. when one man is usually hired for a
period of from two to four weeks. So you
see it is not at all uncommon for one man
to handle a quarter section (160 acres ) with
very little help. Of course all do not farm
that much. Many only farm 80 acres, a
few more than 160. But the point I am
trying to reach is this. It is the net re¬
sults that count; it is what you have left
when you get through at the end of the
year. Or putting it in another way, it is
tlie producing capacity of a man that really
counts in tlie end, so we must not lose
sight of that fact in forming conclusions,
especially men in the West, with little or
no knowledge of eastern conditions, who
are contemplating a move to the East. I
should like to see another test, or a series
of tests. It might be carried on for sev¬
eral years. That is, the net results or
profits from small farms, we might say one-
man farms East and West. I say small
farms because I believe it would be more
simple and fair and give a better average.
I believe in this ; the East would hold its
own and might cause some surprises. For
against our larger acreages and strictly
grain and live stock farming, it would have
the advantage of a greater diversity of
crops, better markets, its orchard and wood
lot products, its canning factories and many
other advantages this part of the West
lacks. I believe a test of this kind would
prove interesting and instructive, not only
to the participants, but to a great many
others as well. Our land has advanced so
rapidly in value in the last few years that
it is getting harder all the time for those
without farms to get one, and" not even
easy to rent one, so that many are looking
for other localities, where values have not
reached such a high level and some of those
old eastern farms look quite tempting at
the prices, especially at long range. My
candid opinion is that an average man could
pay for an average farm in the East quicker
than, he could one in the West, from their
own resources. w. s. scott.
Adams Co., Net).
YEARLY
OUTPUT
OVER
6,500.000
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
ENCOURAGE TH]
;oys
r Hoys wont encouragement — ,
if they don’t get it at homo they
Pgo elsewhere. Teach them to earn their*
'own spending money. Growing vegetables^
la Instructive, interesting, proiitabiu when
f IRON AGE
8T6 used. Our No. C Combined Hill and Drill
Seeder with Marker and Doublo and Single
Wheel IIoo Is a wonderful tool — can be used
In various unusual combinations. Saves time,
labor and seed. Price, $12. Other
garden tools, 82.50 up. Easy to,
operate. Recommended by |
gardeners every where. Write *
to day for 75th Anniver¬
sary Catalog— Free.
BATEMAN W’v’O CO.
Box I02-B
Qrenloch, N. J.
MARKET GARDENERS’ PAPER
Weekly Market Growers’ Journal — only paper printed
especially for vegetable growers, $1.00 a year, 52 is¬
sues. For 10 cents and names of three market gardeners
we will send It ten weeks with our popular booklet,
“$25,000 a Year From Twelve Acres.” Send for free
sample copies — it is the best way to judge.
Market Growers’ Journal. 541 Walker BItlo., Louisville, Ky.
“PRODUCTIVE POWER OF A MAN”.
Eastern vs. Western Farms.
I am interested in your suggestion of a
competitive test on corn raising between the
East and the West, partly for the good
that would he bound to result, and partly
because I think the East is not getting
its just difes ; that its possibilities are not
fully realized, not only by the people of
the \T est but by the eastern people, as well.
Being a native New Yorker I am interested
in its welfare. I believe it to be a grand
old State. I have made five trips “back
East since I settled in the West, when a
NO RIM-CUTTING
NO OVERLOADED TIRES
In motor cars, one-fourth the tire cost is due to
rim-cutting — one-fourth to overloading.
We have perfected a tire which can’t be rim-cut —
called Goodyear No-Rim-Cut tire. And, to prevent
overloading, we are making that tire 10 per cent over
the rated size. The use of this tire, with the average
car, means to cut tire bills in two.
These patented tires, until lately, cost one- fifth
more than other standard tires. Yet last year our tire
sales trebled— jumped to 88,500,000 — because these
tires save money.
Now they cost the same as standard clincher tires.
And 64 leading motor car makers have contracted for
Goodyear No-Rim-Cut tires for their 1911 models.
Note how those thin flanges dig into
the tire. That is what causes rim-cutting.
The 126 Braided Wires
The No-Rim-Cut Tire
Tli is picture shows a Goodyear No-
Rim-Cut tire as it fits any standard rim
made for quick-detachable tires.
When you use this tire Hie removable
rim flanges are set to curve outward— as
shown in t he picture.
The tire comes against tlie rounded
edge, and rim-cutting is made impos¬
sible.
We have already sold half a million
Goodyear No-Rim-Cut tires. We have
run them deflated in a hundred tests
as- far as 20 miles.- In all this experience
there lias never been a single instance
of rim -cutting.
All the worry of rim-cutting all this
ruin of tires— is avoided forever with
No-Rim-Cut tires.
Ordinary Clincher
Tire
Before tiie invention of No-
Rim-Gut tires the clincher tire
was almost universal.
Witii clincher tires, the re¬
movable rim flanges must be
set to curve inward— as shown
in tlie picture— to grasp hold of
tlie hook in the tire. That is
how the tire is held on.
This feature we control by patent. It
is tlie oidy .way known to make a prac¬
tical tire witii an unstretchable base.
I t gives us tin- only safe bookless tire
the tire that can’t be rim-cut.
The Cause of Rim-Cutting'
Tires 10% Oversize
In event of a puncture the tire may be
ruined beyond repair in a moment.
Fully 25 per cent of all tire cost has
been due to the ruin' of rim-cutting.
How We Avoid It
We have invented a tire with an un¬
stretchable Mse. We vulcanize into the
base 126 braided piano wires. Nothing
can possibly force this tire over tlie rim
flange. But, when you unlock and re¬
move tiie rim flange, tlie tire slips off in
an instant.
When tlie tire is inflated the braided
wires contract. The tire is then held to
the rim by a pressure of 134 pounds to
the inch.
That is why the hooks are not needed.
Not even tire bolts are needed. The
tire base is unstretchable — it can’t
come off.
Look again at the pictures. Note how
the No-Rim-Cut tire begins to flare right
from the base of the rim. it isn’t con-
tl&ulc<Vurt'her up as is tiie clincher tire.
t hat fact enables us to make No-Rim-
t ut tires 10 per cent wider than rated
size and still have them fit the rim. And
we do that. We give you this 10 per cent
extra tire without any extra cost. That
gives you 10 per cent more carrying
capacity. It. adds 25 per cent to the tire
mileage.
That extra size takes care of the extra
weight— the top. glass front, gas tank,
extra tire, etc. —which most owners add
to their cars. It is this overloading
which causes blow-outs, and this extra
size avoids them.
When you get a Goodyear No-Rim-
ouc tire you get rid of rim-cutting en¬
tirely. You get a tire 10 per
cent oversize. And all without
extra cost. These two features
together, with the average car.
save iiaif on one’s tire hills.
This is tiie reason why tiie
tire demand is turning so
strongly to Goodyear No-Rim-
Cut tires.
Our new Tire Book tells a
hundred tilings you will he
glad to know. Ask us to send
it to you.
THE GOODYEAR TIRE RUBBER COMPANY, Fifty-ninth St., AKRON, OHIO
[1171
Branches and Agencies in All the Principal Cities
We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires
1D2
February 18,
Inter-cropping Asparagus.
H. L. Y., Barrington, R. I. — I intend
planting an acre of asparagus this Spring.
Is it practical to plant some hoed crop, be¬
tween the rows, the asparagus to be
planted two feet by five feet? There seems
to be too much good soil to lie idle through
the season. The land is a good sandy
loam. Last season there were oats and
peas on this piece, which gave a very heavy
yield ; after taking off the hay it was
plowed and harrowed two or three times
during August; on September 20 was seeded
to rye, 1 % bushels to the acre. The Fall
months being very dry prevented much
growth, but there is a heavy stand of
three or four inches.
Ans. — We are starting an asparagus
patch this year in much the same way,
and shall plant potatoes mid-way be¬
tween the asparagus rows — fertilizing
both »crops well and giving good culture.
We would not do this more than one
year. Plow before tbe rye gets too high
or you may have trouble in making fur¬
rows.
Left-over Lime-Sulphur.
F. A. R., Turner, He. — I have some con¬
centrated lime-sulphur solution left from
last year. It is flaky and has much sedi¬
ment, and did when I received it from the
agents. Do you advise using this material
next Spring? Will it need to be reboiled?
Ans. — If facilities are at hand it will
pay to add one or two gallons more
than enough water to make 50 gallons
to the barrel or 51 to 52 gallons, and
bring to a boil, when most of the flake
sulphur and crystals will again go into
solution. Do not boil over live minutes
or you will increase the sediment.
Whether you bring to a boil or not tbe
mixture will need to be strained and the
clear liquid tested. The sediment is not
injurious except that it adds to the
specific gravity and gives a false read¬
ing to the hydrometer. If there is flake
sulphur or crystals they will clog the
nozzle badly. Sediment or solids of any
kind can be of no benefit to the mixture,
and one should not pay for the short¬
age of liquid in a barrel because of the
room they occupy. Always insist that
3'ou pay only for the amount of clear
liquid in a package. Except for the
flaking of the sulphur, crystallizing and
evaporating, lime-sulphur does not seem
to deteriorate with age. w. h.
Fertilizer for Rye and Clover.
ir. M. If., TownSbury, N. J. — We bave
about 17 acres in rye seeded with Timothy,
and intend to sow Alsike clover on it this
Spring. The rye doesn't look extra good,
and we want to top-dress it at the same
time that we sow or drill the clover seed.
For the best results, everything considered,
what mixture of nitrate of soda, muriate
of potash and acid phosphate would you
advise, and about how much per acre would
y*>u put on? We shall buy the materials
and mix at home. IIow many pounds of
clover seed to the acre would you sow?
Does it pay to spread pulverized limestone
on meadow or grain ?
■ Ans. — A mixture of 100 pounds of
nitrate of soda, 400 pounds of acid phos¬
phate and 100 pounds of muriate of
potash would make a strong combination
for the rye and clover. This would
give an analysis higher than the average
fertilizer, but the plant food is all avail¬
able and will force the ground and
grass into a quick growth. By using
250 to 300 pounds of this mixture on
an acre you would make the crop jump.
We generally use six to eight pounds
of clover seed to the acre, depending
somewhat upon the condition of the soil
when we put the crop in. If we can get
it just right, that is when the ground
is open with little cracks all through it
on top of the frozen surface, we would
use less. When sowing in the mud we
would use more. We have never ob¬
tained more than fair results by broad¬
casting lime on top of the soil. For best
results it ought to be worked in.
Value of Speltz or Emmer.
Can you tell me anything about speltz
or emmer? Can it be grown here? Seeds¬
men are advertising it as better than oats,
yield larger, straw almost equal to corn
fodder. Do you think it advisable to try it
in this climate? Would it take the place
THE RURAL NEW- YORKER
Have any of your
w. B. D.
Plant Food in Peat.
Want to Know.
It Pays You Big to Grow
Berries Like These
the average price he had paid was at the rate aifivc cents
for three berries. Now, such prices mean big pay to
the growers. And this practical farmer saw how, by his
own^efforts alone, with a little help at picking-time,
he could make $2,000 a year growing straw liernes.
That's why he planted an acre on his Pennsylvania
farm, and why he put plants between his young orchard
,.ccs .-to pay all the exjienses of the trees till they bear,
msfkrmismilfi now. but he will tell that it could be
SiugM over'again in half the time, with berries sold on
present markets. Think this over, then get busy.
Our 1911 Book Tells About
“Three-lor-a Nickel” Berries
The one great big, vital factor with Strawberries b
rood plants of the right hinds. Heavycropsoflngh-
oolored, rich-flavored, solid, perfect lorries, which cm
be sold when high prices prevail, are the key to success.
Our methods and conditions make perfect Pj®n*s'
in our test field seven varieties have pulled far ahead.
Our 1911 complete fruit book tells h°w. and why. It
is almost a fruit-grower's guide— new, different, mvalu-
geMt. Y“r HARRISON'S
you UU what /ftp" ' NURSERIES
ir/esyJu need. Iff /‘Sk Berlin, Maryland
i yaUr»oit^i IF V ) l:f)l Orlando Harrison
of oats for poultry?
readers tried this?
Lin coin, N. J.
Lot us hear from our people. We have
tried speltz and do not think it equal to
either oats or barley for our conditions in
northern Now Jersey. It is well liked in
the West as food for all kinds of stock,
but our judgment is that it will not prove
superior in the humid climate of the At¬
lantic Coast. _ _
Green Film On Water.
Tell F. E. G., Worcester, Mass., that the
green scum in spring is probably caused by
the light. Put a cover on his tile and see
if it won’t be all right ; if it is, say so.
Ancram, N. Y. o. T.
F. E. O. will have less trouble if he
covers his Spring, as the plant he calls
“green film” — conferva — must have light,
preferably sunlight to grow. .
Mountaintop, Pa. mbs. a. p. c.
Tell F. E. G., Worcester, Mass., that it is
a very easy thing to stop that greenish film
from gathering in and around his spring.
A galvanized iron cylinder will do no good.
I have plenty of boxes and tanks from
spring and have used them for years ; have
four from one spring. Put a cheap building
over the spring : keep the sun out and you
will have no more film. I have three in the
shade and one in the barnyard, all from the
same spring. The three in the shade never
show the least of it. The one in the yard
that is open I clean out about six times a
year. Turn a large box over it and have a
door in one side and inquirer will find out
for himself, without much work. I have
had something to do with springs for 40
years. Keep in the shade and you will have
no moss. G. a. b.
i
Putty Making.
Can you tell me whet kind of putty
or cement to use to fasten the glass in the
front of a creamery? a. ». k.
Roundlake, N. Y.
Make a putty of pure whiting and boiled
linseed oil; add 10 per cent pure white
lead. The sash to be glazed must be
perfectly dry or no putty will stick.
_ c. s. M.
Wages for Prison Wardens.
Will you tell me what wages are paid
guards and keepers at the State prisons?
New York. T.
Guards in the State prisons receive $660
for the first year's service, and increase ■
$80 per year to 8900, which is the maxi¬
mum. The position of keeper was abol- I
ished several years ago. c. v. collins.
Sunerintendent.
Is there any plant food in clear peat
ashes? I can get from 25 to 30 tons
for the earting. I am a market gardener,
working about 12 acres in vegetables, open
air and glass (cold frames). m.
Woodside, N. Y.
Such deposits of peat vary in composi¬
tion. We have one analysis of peat ashes
which shows in one ton almost 10 pounds
of potash, two of phosphoric acid and 50
of lime. This is not much plant food, the
value being about 60 cents.
Lumber for Dakota. — Can some one of
the farmers living in Minnesota, Wisconsin,
Idaho, Washington or Oregon tell me where
I can buy lumber from a private man to
build a house and barn?
Bottineau Co., N. D. H. z.
SAVE MOHEYo*FRUIT PLANTS
Healthy, northern-grown stock, which will produce
money-making crops. Strawberry. Raspberry Black¬
berry, Currant. Grape Plants. Etc
READ OUR GUARANTEE
Every plant we ship is guaranteed to be first class
and true to name, packed to reach you in good grow¬
ing condition (by express), and please you. or your
money back.
You can make big money growing good berries,
but >ou eannot expect to grow good fruit by planting
and replanting small inferior stock.
Our plants are all grown on new ground (this being
the first crop) and are large, heavy rooted and free
from disease.
We grow them by the million on our own ground
and know what we are selling. That is why our busi¬
ness has nearly doubled every year for the past
_ twenty-two years.
We can save you money on 100 plants or a car load. Our large illustrated catalogue
is instructive and is free to all fruit growers Write for it today
O. A. D. BALDWIN, R. D. 14, Bridgman, Mich.
' » 'I ‘ -4 T *“■
' a * :
\ ^ J
; \ v. » - -
Big
Catalogue FREE
Wonderful Fall Bearing
STRAWBERRY
Make $2000.00 an acre. 500 of our Fall-Bearing Strawberry Plants,
set out in Spring of 1910, produced in Aug., Sept., Oct. and Nov.
nearly 400 quarts of large, luscious berries, which sold at 40c to
50c per quart, netting us over $2000 to the acre. Here is your op¬
portunity! Don’t missit by waitinguntil everybody begins grow¬
ing these wonderful berries. Order your plants now while afield
of them is “better than a gold mine, ’’and clean up bigmoney. We
are headquarters for those Fall-Bearing Strawberry Plants. Also all
other Berry Plants — Raspberries, Blackberries, Currants, Goose¬
berries, and Norwood and Early Ozark Strawberries. Hastings
Potatoes -the best yet 28 years experience.
L. J. FARMER, Box 120, RuIasTci, New Yorlc
Set Your Plants Better
with a Fetzer
Transplanter
Kellogg
Will Yield $500 to $800 per Acre
THE Kellogg 1911 strawberry book is the most
complete treatise on strawberry growing ever
written. It 'tolls the farmer how to grow big
crops of big, red strawberries and how to sell
them at big prices. No matter where you live or
what kind of soil you have, this book will tell you
how to prepare your soil, what varieties to set,
and how to manage the plants to insure best
results. One acre of Kellogg Thoroughbred
plants grown the Kellogg way will yield S500 to
$800. Get this beautifully illustrated 64-page
book and learn how easy It is to grow straw¬
berries for market or home use. It’s free.
a II. KELLOGG COMPANY, On 480 Thras Givers, Mid.
5,000 QUARTS OF
STRAWBERRIES
in September and October
from one acre by planting
Kevitt’s New Pall-Boaring
Plants. This 1 guarantee or
I will return your money
paid for plants. Send for my
catalogue. Over five new
fall-bearing varieties.
T. C. KEVITT, AIHENIA, N. J.
Waters the roots,
leaves no hard crust
on surface. Every
plant lives. 1 man and
2 boys transplant 5 acres a day and do better work.
Write to-day for Free Book No. 49 on Transplanting
TIIE WM. FETZEB CO., SprineOefd, IIL
CABBAGE SEED
New Enkhuizen Glory (the world’s best cab¬
bage): extra selected seed, my own importa¬
tion. direct from Introducers in Holland, of
this truly wonderful Cabbage. Lb. $2 .jll.Oss.,
H5 cts., Pkt., 10 cts. 1C J. W.ikelleld, All
Head Knrly. Burly Summer, Succession.
Winnigstadt. Surehead. Late Flat Dutch,
■n. ■ ■ Drumhead. Lb. $1.50. Oz. '.’(lets., Pkt. jets.
rlantS Postpaid. Write for fiee Catalog.
J. AUG. DRAKE, Seedsman, 100 Main St, Chester, N. J.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW
All Standard Varieties. Also RASPBERRY. BLACKBERRY.
CURRANT and GRAPE Plants and ASPARAGUS Root# in
ASSORTMENT. WARRANTED TRUE-TO-NAME and of
GRADE represented. Catalog with Cultural Instructions FKEb.
C E. WHITTEN. BOX fij , BRIDGMAN. MICHIGAN.
Our freo Ixx’k quotes
lowest price-., honestly
describes 60 varieties,
explains C. O. I>. plan,
c plant and grow strawberries, rasp¬
berries, blackberries, grapes, etc.
A. G. riiOUNT, Dept, A. Hastings, N. Y.
PLANTS
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That’s what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. D. M. TEETER, Belleville, Ohio.
W‘
Strawberry Plants
Send for list of 25
varieties. Strong
plants. Low prices. H. li. BENNING, Clyde, N.Y.
JARFIELD STRAWBERRY PLANTS for $1.00 per 1.000
Sen. Dunlap for $2 00 per 1,000. Catab gue free
100 varieties. J. G. PHESTAGE. Allegin' ■- Mich
PLANTS FOR SALE— AH varieties of Early nd Late
Vegetable Plants: also forty varieties straw¬
berries; prices right; established twi i ty years
Prce list free. 8. C. A THE It TON, Green wood, Del
Strawberry Plants-^rJTU™
at $1.00 oer 1,000 and up. Catalogue free.
ALLEN BROS., Paw Paw Mich.
BEST HEWand STANDARD
vari¬
eties
S
TRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1 .50 A $1 .75 per OCO. Illns.
Catalogue Free. S- A. VIKDIN, Hnr iv, Del.
of STRAWBERRY PLANTS at reasonable
prices send at once for my free, large, illustrated
catalogue. Eggs from PRIZE-WINNING R.I.
Reds at Washington, Philadelphia and other large
shows— cheap, and I Guarantee Satisfaction.
W. S. TODD, Greenwood, Del.
Fall-Bearing Strawberries ^-superb®”
Send for free circulars to the originator.
SAMUEL COOPER, Dei.rvan, N. Y.
STRAWBERRY Plante. Send for free catalog. Large
stock Miller, best red raspberry, only $5 per 1000. Also,
eggs for hatching. Pure W. Wy. and B. P. R., 2* eggs
for Sl-25. Slaymaker & Son, Wyoming, Del.
Strawberry Plants Descriptive Catalogue
Free. BASIL PERRY, D. 18, Cool Spring Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for new Ulus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
! We have selected from a hundred varieties seven
I of the very best and leading ones. Also Asparagus
I Roots. Send for our price list of all kinds of vege-
! table plants in their season. Romance Seed, Plant and
j Truck Farm, Caleb Boggs & Son, Cheswold, Delaware.
T
wo million
Strawberry Plants
Every one of them pood honest plants
with an abundance of branching rootlets.
Good big crowns. Free from disease
and in the most thrifty growing condition.
Guaranteed true to name and variety.
No other grower can produce anything
better. Our
Small Fruit Catalogue
contains 24 pages of matter devoted exclu¬
sively to Strawberries, Raspberries,
Blackberries, Gooseberries, Currants
and Grapes. Gives good straightforward
and honest descriptions of the many varieties
we offer.
Write for free catalogue today It's sure to
make and save yon money Don’t delay.
J. W. JONES & SON, Allen, Nld.
Perfection Red Raspberry"
r — The best ever.
Ironclad in
hardiness; most prolific. Wilder Currant Bushes.
Send for circular. VALLEY VIEW l’RUIl
FARM, Marlborough, N. Y.
WHOLESALE PRICES
On Strawberry,
Currant Asparagus
High Grade Stock.
tL R. WESTON & CO.,
Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry,
gus and Grape Plants, Heavy Booted.
19th Annual Catalogue Free.
R. 8 Bridgman, Mich.
CLOVER *"» TIMOTHY
Cheapest and Best Seed in* Known
Alsike, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully Vz Al¬
sike. a great bargain. Most Wbnderfol hay and pas¬
ture combination that grows. Write for F r«e Sam¬
ple and our large 76-page catalog describing this
wonderful grass mixture. Far ahead of anything
you can sow and ridiculously cheap. Be convinced.
4. A, Berry Seed Co., Box:.6o Clarinda, low a*
1011.
193
Is the San Jose Scale Going ?
Q. S. P., Stratford, Conn. — Have any of
the wise men discovered the reason for the
disappearance of the San Josfc scale? M.v
trees that were badly covered with it are
entirely free from it without spraying.
Axs. — So far as I know the San Jose
scale has not wholly disappeared from
anv particular section, though there are
indications that it is diminishing con¬
siderably in its virulence or power to
spread and to injure trees. A great
many persons think it has disappeared
entirely simply because the trees are not
wholly covered with it, but if an expert
looks around on the trees, he will find
some scale still present. I have seen
in a number of localities, however, old
apple trees which were infested five or
six years ago, and which I thought
would be dead by this time. Many of
the branches were killed, but at present
the trees seem to be taking on a new
lease of life, and are making a good
growth. On examining them, I find
that almost all the scale Is dead, and
• while there is some of it still alive, it
is not increasing in the way we ex¬
pected that it might a few years ago.
I cannot ascribe this to any particular
parasite, though it may be the result of
a combination of natural enemies or
possibly the climatic conditions. This
will be welcome news to a great many
persons, but it should not be used as
an excuse for not taking care of the
trees, and I believe that our commercial
orchardists will go right on spraying
just the same, because the scale is not
the only trouble that attacks apple trees,
and so much benefit is derived, espe¬
cially from the use of the lime and sul¬
phur mixture, in controlling the pear
psylh, leaf blister-mite, and peach leaf-
curl, that many will use it anyway, scale
or no scale. w. e. britton.
Conn. State Entomologist.
Growing Potatoes Under Mulch.
I read with interest a short answer to
a question on mulching potatoes on
page 98, and I will give my experience
last season with mulching with old hay.
The potatoes were planted in the usual
way, in rows 36 inches apart. They
were harrowed twice before they were
up, to keep the weeds in check. After
they were up about two inches we put
on the old hay about five inches deep
on a small plot as an experiment. The
vines were soon up through the hay,
looking strong, and vigorous. Of course
no weeds made their appearance and no
cultivating was necessary all Summer,
which is quite an item in favor of mulch¬
ing, but when we came to dig them we
found it quite a job to clean the mulch
off so the digger would work. The
yield was very little better than those
that were not thus treated, but the
tubers were much larger; many of them
weighed a pound and a half, and one
we found weighed three pounds. I think
the size of the tubers was largely due
to the fact that they continued to grow
long after the others were dead, and j
until the frost killed them late in the
Fall. We shall save these potatoes for
seed, and mulch some more next season
for the same purpose. The Nebraska
Experiment Station has shown by con¬
tinued use that they have increased the
yield 45 bushels per acre by use of
mulched potatoes for seed. I would by
all means plow the ground, and indeed
we find that in a stiff clay soil it pays
to disk the sod thoroughly before plow¬
ing, so as to make the soil as loose as
possible. c. c. m'curdy.
Crawford Co., Pa.
Bone Meal on Berries.
Is fiup ground bone meal a sufficient fer¬
tilizer for fair soil on strawberries and
raspberries? I. m. k.
Virginia.
No. The ground bone contains, nitrogen
and phosphoric acid, but no potash, and
this is very necessary in fruit culture. A
mixture of three parts fine bone and one
part sulphate of potash is a good mixture
for fruit. In case the fruit does not make
enough growth on this mixture, nitrate of
soda can be added.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
A “FRIEND” NOZZLE FREE
Read the Ad*
THE LATEST IN
SPRA YING
METHODS
Demands High Pressure
and The New “Friend" Drive
Spray Nozzle
THOSE who desire the CELE¬
BRATED “FRIEND” EGG may
have it. The drive spray nozzle
throws spray 20 to 25 feet. To meet
this requirement a power outfit must
be constructed in a rigid, solid, com¬
pact unit, thus producing the neces¬
sary strength without loading the
Sprayer with cast iron and leaving
little room for spray solution.
These new “FRIENDS” will fur¬
nish continuously more pressure at
less cost than can be obtained else¬
where. The outfits are made in many
models and different sizes.
Furthermore, the “FRIEND” Co.
have thoroughly standardized their
product as the result of undivided
attention to the needs of the Fruit
Grower. The first complete Gasoline
Power Sprayer, ever built was a
“FRIEND,” and we have continued
to improve them ever since. There are
now nearly 1,000 “FRIEND” Power
Outfits working. 252 sold last season
and 150 of the 500 1911 model deliv¬
ered to date, indicating to some extent
that they must be STAND ARDIZED.
All parts of the “FRIEND” are so
accurately machined that no time is
lost in duplicating.
We now have the largest, best
equipped and most modern plant in
the world devoted exclusively to the
manufacture of Hand and Power
Spraying Outfits, and the product of
this plant must bear (in action) all
that the name implies.
Naturally the Outfits are fully
guaranteed. Special inducements are
offered on these new models in new
territory.
No matter where you live, you are
not too far away. These Outfits are
working all over the world.
The Original
Tank Filler
Beware of imita¬
tions. Sell your
Rotary Pump' for
juulc and fill your
spray tank at 35
gals, per minuty.
Weighs only 5 lbs.
No valves. Starts
instantly without
priming. Place your
order with the peo¬
ple who originate
the many improve¬
ments that make
fruit growers hap¬
py. Special intro¬
ductory prices.
The “Friend” Fig. (1)
Regular Orchard Model
Features — Large wheels. Wide
tires. Easy drawing. Low mount¬
ing. Large spray tank. “Friend”
Propeller Agitator. The CELE¬
BRATED “FRIEND” HIGH
PRESSURE Power Equipment.
Complete Outfit made in two
sizes. Hundreds in use.
The “Friend” Fig. (2)
Hilly Orchard Model
Features — Large wheels. Wide
tires. Easy drawing. Perfectly
short turning. Low mounting.
Top of 200 gal. tank 3 ft. 6 in.
from ground. “Friend” Pro¬
peller Agitator. “FRIEND”
HIGH PRESSURE Power Plant.
Equipped complete, ready for
service. Made in two sizes.
Thoroughly standardized. Nearly
100 working.
The 1911 Model “ Friend ”
High Pressure Engine
and Pump
Features — 2}4 or 3J£ II. P. 4
cycle, water-cooled. Auto type
motor. Jump spark ignition.
Sehebler Carburetor. “Friend”
Patent. Double plunger (always
in alignment). Double acting.
High pressure Pump. Built (de¬
tachable) to the motor. Note
rigid, simple unit of construction.
Built in two sizes (Regular or¬
chard and Western). Note fol¬
lowing special features.
Disassembled Pump
Cylinder and Valve and
Frictionless Roller
Bearing Pump Drive
New valve seats or new packing
in five minutes. DO IT WITH
YOUR CUFFS ON IF YOU LIKE.
Packing adjusted by screw in end
of cylinder while pump is work¬
ing under high pressure. The
most perfect oiling system to be
found. One oiler does the work.
RELIEF VALVE operates per-
fect.ly under all pressures. New
parts applied in one minute _
Your hands the tools.
Mounting of Engine and
Pump
Showing positive drive of PRO¬
PELLER AGITATOR. Note the
extreme small space required for
Engine and Pump. The acces¬
sibility of all working parts.
The extreme low mounting of
tank and power unit on the bed.
The adjustable, quick detachable
Engine cab.
The New “Friend ” High
Pressure Hand Pump
Fig. (15)
Features — Rigid Plunger, al¬
ways in alignment. Quick ad¬
justable and accessible packing.
The new ‘•Friend” quick change¬
able valve seats. All plumbing
discarded. The strongest, sim¬
plest, easiest working Hand Pump
made. All of its features thor¬
oughly tested on the Power M; -
chines. A 100% better Pump at
the same old price.
“Friend” Angle,
double- ball Shut-off
for spray rod. Can¬
not leak. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed.
There’s a SECRET
at the
Arrow Point
Thousands of
Up-to-Date
Fruit Growers
are saying
“FRIEND NOZZLES
ARE SUPERIOR.”
Why is this?
SIMPLY because they G-ET THRKE An IMITATION
indicate s that somewhere there is an OIUG1NAL. Look
on i lie NOZZLE you use und see if you can find l lie
MAKER'S NAME ard the word • PATENTED.” The
“ Fli 1END ” is the ORIGINAL law Nozzle doing away
with the cluster “FRERND” Nozzles h ve no HOKNs,
no HOOKS, nothing to ditch, drip or clog. They make
the finest MIST-1. IKE Spray, driving it farther into the
trees than the cluster.
l’rico, $1.00 each, postpaid
nJifv unl,er ,h.R leaves and down into the
LALYx. The REGULAR is for ordinary work. State which is
wanted. Satisfaction ouaranteed or money refunded.
“FRIEND ” MFG. CO., c“pn.wn5?&* c°
“REGULAR”
104
February 18,
THE RURAL NEW-YORKEB
PLAN FOR RECORDING ARTICLES.
As a reader of The R. N.-Y. I rarely
find a copy but what I see some article
which interests me in particular, so much
so that I will say to myself: “Now I
will try to remember that,” and to be
sure not to forget it will make some note
on the margin or other place to remind
me when the time comes that I want
to look it up again, but I find this
method very unsatisfactory. I presume
I am like many others, or more prop¬
erly, there are many others like me ;
their minds run in certain directions, i.
e., there are certain subjects which are
more interesting than others. These
thoughts have suggested to me that if a
little booklet properly lined, with space
for marginal notes or titles could be sup¬
plied to your subscribers, it would be a
source of great convenience, and would
be the means of placing the information
sught for where it could be found when
needed.
The trouble I have is, when the time
comes to put to use some information or
suggestions which I have seen some¬
where in months past, I cannot find
it. For a while I made the practice of
cutting out certain articles and pasting
them into a scrap book, but I think too
AGRICULTURISTS, FARMERS, CROPPERS.
The following letter was sent to Con¬
gressman M. E. Driscoll, who represents
the Syracuse district, by our old friend
Grant G. Hitchings :
Hon. M. E. Driscoll :
My Dear Sir : —
I write you to protest' most vigorously
against " the enactment of the reciprocity
agreement of President Taft with Canada.
I write you from the standpoint of a
farmer. Understand me; there are three
classes engaged in farming, viz., agricul¬
turists, farmers, and croppers. The. defini¬
tion of these classes is as follows : An
agriculturist is one who derives his money
for carrying on his farm outside of the
farm proper. A farmer is one whose liv¬
ing and money for carrying on his farm is
derived entirely from the farm itself, and
who mattes it his. business to conserve and
ini prove the fertility of his farm for the
benefit of the future." A cropper is (one
who takes what is offered for his produce
without knowing its cost and without re¬
gard to what effect his management has
on the future productivity of his soil ; in
other words, a soil robber. In this im¬
mediate vicinity there are a goodly num¬
ber of farmers who are earnestly working
for an uplift in country conditions. We
are handicapped by- agriculturists and
croppers, and now this proposed reciprocity
agreement will make a much harder load
for us to carry, and is unfair to us as
farmers to compel us to buy from manu¬
facturers at a protective price and sell
our goods back at a free trade price. I
SUBJECT 1911
ORCHARD CULTURE
|
i
COST OF APPLE ORCHARD
4081
33
BROWN ROT PEACHES 8.C.
408?.
57
LIME & SULPHUR
4082
4082
60
57
POULTRY SUBJECTS & C.
POULTRY MANURE
POULTRY TEED.
4081
35
4081
47
RECORD PAGE FOR MEMORANDUM BOOK.
much of the paper to mutilate its pages.
The leaflet shown in diagram may
explain my idea, and possibly suggest
something to you which would be prac¬
tical, and I am sure would be appre¬
ciated by your readers.
A. S. PENDRY.
SPRING RYE FOR PASTURE.
c. IF. H., Pennsylvania. — Can you in¬
form me how Spring rye would do for early
pasture 7
Ans. — The remarkable thing about
the German Spring rye is its quick
growth. As to Spring pasture, much
depends upon what is meant by Spring,
and if it is meant to sow the rye in the
Spring; if the latter, the ground needs
to be well warmed before the rye will
germinate, and then about three to four
weeks will produce good feed. If the
rye is sown in the Fall in time to get
out of the ground, and a little green,
then you will have pasture within two
weeks after it is warm enough for any¬
thing to grow. I sowed a field early
in November and about the 15th sent
a man to see if it was up. He came
back and reported “No, there wasn’t a
sign of rye, but the field was all cov¬
ered with green grass.” This has grown
perceptibly during the January thaw.
The factors to be taken into account
are time and manner of sowing, climate,
and late or early Spring. To promote
quick growth, there should be a good
seed bed, seed sown (broadcast and/
lightly covered, a fertilizer rich in ni¬
trogen harrowed in with it, and then
the ground well rolled. For this kind
of covering I use a Hallock weeder,
and I use this after every rain. Sown
for pasture three to four bushels of
seed should be used. I use a drill and
drill it both ways. frank hyde.
realize that the cost of living is high. This
is not the farmer’s fault, for he does not
receive over 33 cents of the dollar that
the consumer pays for his living expenses.
The trouble is between the farmer and con¬
sumer; there are excessive prices charged
for delivering, too many unnecessary
profits. The effective remedy for this is
parcels post. The kind of parcels post we
want is a department entirely independent
of the Post Office Department, broad
enough for the whole country, with gradu¬
ated charges for distance. This would be
fair to all, and hurt nobody but the ex¬
press companies. It would solve the high
cost of living, and would be such an up¬
lift to the real farmers of the country
that their boys would be only too glad to
stay on the farms. We farmers have had
tons of advice ; we demand now a little
of the real thing. Kindly call President
Taft’s attention to the kind of parcels
post wanted by the real farmers. The
man who comes forward and pushes this
plan for a parcels post to a finish will be
the next President in the opinion of
GRANT G. HITCHINGS.
What A Dollar Will Buy.
The report of a friend about buying
grapes grown in New York at 15 or 20
cents a basket, tells a great story in a lit¬
tle. It is right and natural to buy at low¬
est prices ; we cannot well get over that
idea, but see how much the grower gets !
After passing through several hands as deal¬
ers, each to have a small but sure share,
the grower mostly gets what is left. They
used to send and sell them on commission ;
that is ruinous almost every time and
place, and the low prices those grapes were
sold for in Naples, N. Y., left smallest
part possible to the grower, so much so
that some of the growers make wine of
them to realize more for them. The differ¬
ence in price in some things between the
grower’s price and the retail is too much
in many cases, but the producer is not the
one to make the large part of it. Meat is
the highest of any country product at retail,
but when sold to consumers, it is high
enough ; somebody makes good profit. The
retail trade seems to figure well for the
profit end of it. They pay here .$7 per 100
for beef, and it retails for 15 to IS cents,
which should prevent any loss in the busi¬
ness. Pork is $6.50 and sells for as high
as 30 cents when in bacon. a. h. g.
Kansas.
Available
Nitrogen
is the thing in practical
fertilizing.
Nitrate of Soda
is the cheapest and most available
form of Nitrogen for all crops.
“The Cost of Available Nitrate,” Sent Free
It is worth dollars to you. In this book Prof. Voorhees
shows how the American farmer could have saved
$17,000,000 on the cost of nitrogen in 1909. Address
Dr. William S. Myers, Director of Propaganda 71 Nassau Street
No Branch Offices NEW 1 ORK
WOOD’S SUPERIOR
Seed Oats
We offer all the best and
most productive varieties —
clean seed and first-class qual¬
ities.
*Th e New Washington
Burt or 90- Day
Swedish Select
Black Tartarian
Red Rust Proof, etc.
'‘Wood’s Crop gives prices
Special’’ and our De¬
scriptive Catalog gives full in¬
formation about Oats and all
other Farm and Garden seeds.
Wood’s Seed Catalog and Crop
Special mailed free on request.
T. W. WOOD & SONS,
Seedsmen, - Richmond, Va.
ISBELL’S SEEDS
For only 10c we send five
packets FlowerSeeds or five
packets Vegetable Seeds
and then return the money
in the form of a Due Bill
good for 10c to apply on
any order amounting
to 50c or more.
We also send free our
large 104 page Seed A n-
■nual, quoting fresh, vi
Michigan-grown seeds atvery
moderate prices. Perfect satisfac
tion or money refunded. Send to-day.
S. M. ISBELL & Co., Seedsmen
Box 40 I JACKSON, MICH.
SCARFF’S
SMALL FRUIT PLANTS
1000 acres devoted to the growing of Scarff’s
fruiting strains of small fruit plants, fruit trees,
farm seeds, garden roots, etc. Our free catalog
will surely please and save you money.
W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio
- ONION SEED -
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
bnrg, Flat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
- THEILMANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA. -
^ 1 /l THAT YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
IB fcA 1 breaks all records. Nothing like it.
Also SEED CORN. Samples and cat¬
alog free. THEO. BURT & SONS, MELROSE, OHIO,
EEDS
IITHEWORLD
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
a lot of new sorts for
with every order I fill.
Grand Rig Catalog gBCE
Illustrated with over rnCC
700 engravings of vegetables
and flowers. Send yours and
neighbors’ addresses.
AY. Rnrlrfnrri lllinnii
Famous Tomatoes
are favorably known through¬
out the world. Twenty-five of
the best aorta were introduced
by us. We grow more high-
grade tomato seed than any
other seedsman in the world.
New Globe-Shaped Sorts:
Globe, Hummer and Corelcss are nearly
perfect. Packet of Globe 10 cts: Hummer 10 ct*: Corelcss
15 cts.; the three sorts, one packet of each for 25 cts*
Livingston’s Superb Onions
We grow acres of Onion seeds on our farms annually.
Livingston’s (Southport White Globe 5c V the 3 pkts*
Private Southport Red Glob© • 5c v for
Strains ( Ohio Yellow Globe • • 6c ) 10 cents.
Beautiful 130-Page Catalogue FREE!
It*s the finest seed book of the
year. Contains more than 250
illustrations from photo¬
graphs. Practical cultural
hints will help to make your
work a success. Write for it
today. It’s F-R-E-E ! f
^TCOFFEE^
D
Salzer’s French
Sean Coffee
(soja hispida)
A wholesome drink! The healthiest
ever; you can grow it in your own gar¬
den on a small patch 10 feet by 10, pro¬
ducing 5o lbs. or more. Ripens in Wis¬
consin in 90 days. Used in great quan¬
tities in France, Germany and all over
Europe.
Bend 15 cents in stamps and wewill
mail you a package giving full culture
directions, as also our Mammoth seed
catalog free ; or send » 1 cents and get,
in addition to above, 10,000 kernels un¬
surpassable vegetable and ttowersecds-
enottgb for bushels of luscious. different
vegetables and brilliant flowers.
OHN A. SALZER SEED COMPAN
44 South 8th St. La Crosse W
□
“CORN TALK”
How to produce a maximum crop at a mini-
mum cost. A valuable treatise on the modern
methods in t orn Culture. Many new sugges¬
tions invaluable to Coin rai'-ers, in ibis my
revised treatise. It tells how to produce 100
bushels shelled corn per acre without fertilizer
or manure, and at the same time increase the
productiveness of your land. Highest compli¬
ments upon the merits of this book received
from tlie Agricultural Colleges from a number
of States. FREE. A postal card will bring it.
W. OSCAR COLLIER, Corn Specialist
Easton, _ Maryland
SEED CORN
WING’S IMPROVED WHITE CAP will out-
yield any other 120-day corn you can put beside it.
Improved on our farms by ear row test plots for
15 years. 3 acres have yielded 147 bu. per acre.
EXCELSIOR, pure white, has yielded 145 bu.
per acre in test plot. A splendid variety.
WING’S 120-DAY YELLOW, FUNK’S YEL¬
LOW DENT, and REID’S YELLOW DENT. The
three heaviest yielding yellow varieties in Ohio.
WING’S 90-DAY YELLOW. A sensation in
very deep grained, heavy yielding, very early ma¬
turing corn
All our corn bred by ear row test plots. Write
today for cataloe and information.
WING SEED CO., Box 433 Mechanicsburo, O.
THAT DO HOT DISAPPOINT
orrno
»■ I I ^ Sold on The Ford Plan, which guar-
it 3 'lift Hiitees satisfaction and saves you
U Baa Ss? W money on every purchase. Our cat¬
alog tells about it, gives descriptions and low prices on
Best varieties Garden, Flower and Field Seeds, Pota¬
toes, Bulbs,' Trees, Shrubs and Small Fruit Plants. Con¬
tains lots of testimonials from our customers. It’s free.
CORD SEED CO., Dept. 34, Raveumt, Ohio.
POTATOES — Bovee, Caiman, Fortune, Giant; Hustler. Obio^
Jewel, murphy, 6 Weeks; 85 kinds. C. W. Ford, FiakenSjN.Y^
REST SEED POTATOES fG.
** A. 0. ALDRIDGE. Fisher’s, Oatario Comity, N. Y.
1911.
THE RURA.I> NEW-YORKER
105
NEW SEEDING MACHINE WANTED.
Can you put me in communication
with a manufacturing concern which will
build a seeding machine especially for
planting Fall cover crops better and
more economically than any machinery
now on the market? I want three ma¬
chines in one — a grass seeder, a roller,
and a dust mulcher. The seeder, in
front, to have small hoes or disks placed
close together; in the rear of the short
roller a dust mulcher — a tool that will
leave the surface as though a very light¬
weight weeder had been pulled over the
ground. The machine must be rigged
to insure the seed being planted at a
shallow but uniform depth, and the dust
mulcher must not work deeper than one
inch. \\ e lose a lot of our clover and
Alfalfa seed by the methods now used.
The regular seeders are too heavy and
the hoes or disks too far apart. On our
level, sandy-loam fields we ought always
to roll after seeding to press the soil
close around the seed, then stir the top
very lightly, leaving a dust mulch.
When we do this in three separate op¬
erations, it requires a lot of unnecessary
work and tramping. A special machine
will cost more. I know, but I am willing
to pa}- well for a machine which will
serve my purpose as outlined above. I
think there would be considerable sale
for such a machine once it was intro¬
duced. THERON M. ’CAMPBELL. |
Monmouth Co., N. J.
R. N.-Y. — Who knows of such a ma¬
chine? Some western implements de¬
signed for use in the “dry lands" do part
of this work well. The increased use
of Alfalfa will make new tools neces¬
sary. Seeders and lime, spreaders are
most needed.
.CO-OPERATIVE FRUIT GROWING IN
THE HUDSON VALLEY.
Would it be advisable for any fair num¬
ber of apple growers in the Hudson Valley
to form an association and endeavor to
market their fruit crops after the plan
followed by the Colorado and Pacific coast
growers?
I can see no reason why such a plan
could not be accomplished in the Hud¬
son Valley if it is taken up by the right
men and in the right way. It seems to
me the best way to go at this matter
is to get a few men in a neighborhood
who are good growers and are anxious
to put up a good honest package and
guarantee it to be honest in every par¬
ticular, and stick to it till the question
is fully tried out. It is my opinion that
success awaits any such honest experi¬
ment. We have to forget the past and
commence all over again. One reason
I am fully convinced such a plan would
prove successful is from my own ex¬
perience. We put our fruit up in an
honest barrel, putting our name and ad¬
dress on each package, and give a per¬
sonal guarantee with each that every
part of it will be just as good as the
plate, in other words that one part shall
be just as any other. The result is we
have been getting from $1 to $1.25 above
the highest market quotations. We ship
our fruit to one man, and buyers who
want that mark have to go to him to
get it. I have no fault to find with the
commission man; I give him an honest
package and he sends me honest returns.
Much has been said about the honest
package, and much may still be said;
however, it seems to me the question is a
simple one. Let each and everyone put
up an honest package, such as he would
like to buy himself and the whole ques¬
tion is settled. lewis l- morrell.
I here is no question that cooperation
in the Hudson Valley in fruit selling
would have as great value as elsewhere,
provided their conditions were equal.
In sections where associations have
been, and are successful, fruit growing,
of whatever kind, is the chief industry,
and usually excellent mehods are the
rule. Neither is true among Hudson
^ alley apple growers. There are small
sections all through it where apples are
grown extensively, and might and
should be more extensive, and a
minority of these growers are putting
out the finest product, but also the ma¬
jority are simply growing apples. The
first named have little difficulty in get¬
ting good prices. “How shall two walk
together until they be agreed?” In as¬
sociation work there must be uniform
products easily brought together and
graded. Under existing conditions this
is entirely impractical, except through
neighborhood cooperation. When gen¬
erally through the valley the farmers
grow apples according to the laws of
apples and not of hay, grain or live
stock, and grow only a limited number
of varieties, adapted to their soils and
localities, then the small associations
may practically form a large one. I fear
those of us whose hair has begun to
whiten will die without the sight. Let
it be fully understood that cooperation
will never materially help a man who is
not Lrst willing to make individual ef¬
fort, and that all successful associations
have been preceded by such effort.
Many a man sits on the fence and
howls because he thinks he is not get¬
ting his just share of the fruits of his
labors. Perhaps he is not, but were he
to spend the time and breath put forth
in howling in intelligent production he
would do very well as he is, and if he
used like intelligence in doing what he
could to promote cooperation in selling
he would help to create conditions favor¬
ing such, and be in position to receive
much benefit from the same.
E. VAN ALSTYNE.
When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll got a quick reply aud
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
HEREDITY
Cun be Overcome in Cases.
The influence of heredity cannot, of
course, be successfully disputed, but it
can be minimized or entirely overcome
in some cases by correct food and drink.
A Conn, lady says :
bor years while I was a coffee drinker
I suffered from bilious attacks of great
severity, from which I used to emerge as
white as a ghost and very weak. Our
family physician gave me various pre¬
scriptions for improving the digestion
and stimulating the liver, which I tried
faithfully but without perceptible result. '
. “He was acquainted with my family I
history for several generations back, and
once when I visited him he said: 'If you
have inherited one of those torpid livers
you may always suffer more or less from
its inaction. We can’t dodge our inheri¬
tance, you know.’
I was not so strong a believer in
heredity as he was, however, and, be¬
ginning to think for myself, I concluded
to stop drinking coffee, and see what
effect that would have. I feared it would
be a severe trial to give it up, but when
I took Postum and had it well made, it
completely filled my need for a hot
beverage and I grew very fond of it.
“I have used Postum for three years,
using no medicine. During all that
time I have had absolutely none of the
bilious attacks that I used to suffer from,
and I have been entirely free from the
pain and debilitating effects that used
to result from them.
“The change is surely very great, and
I am compelled to give Postum the
exclusive credit for it.” Name given by
Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich.
Read “The Road to Wellville,” in
pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter ? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
_|00 BUYS A
full roll
■ (108 sq. ft.)
of strictly high graderoof¬
ing, either rubier or flint
coat surface, with cement
and nails complete.
Most liberal offer ever
made on a first class roof¬
ing. Better than goods
that sell at much higher
prices. Don’t spend a dol¬
lar on roofing until you
have seen
UNITO
ASPHALT
Ask Your Neighbor
About “Ball-Band”
Rubber
Footwear!
He’ll tell you ho\v superior it is
to the ordinary kind. For he,
and 8,000,000 wise buyers like him,
know that the RED “Ball-Band” trade¬
mark on Rubber Footwear means the
highest possible degree of comfort, wear,
quality and satisfaction. And that’s
a good thing for you to know, too.
For crude rubber is a very costly
article. And the unscrupulous manufacturer cheapens
his materials and workmanship to save his profits.
We don’t— and we never will. We’d rather make one-tenth the prof¬
it we might make and have our forty-five thousand dealers selling
Ball-Band” goods to 8,000,000 satisfied customers. When we have to
cut expense we do it somewhere else than in the manufacturing. Our
sales expense, for instance, is only one-fifth that of some manu¬
facturers. Go to your dealer today and ask for “Ball-Band” boots
or arctics. Look at them closely for the RED “Ball-Band” trade¬
mark. Chances are he has them. But if he hasn’t, write us, men¬
tioning his name, and we will see that you are fitted.
We also manufacture a complete line of all-knit wool boots and
socks for outdoor workers. They are unequalled for warmth, com¬
fort and wear. The “Ball-Band” guaranty backs them.
Mishawaka Woolen Mfg. Co.
MISHAWAKA, IND.
“The Haute That Pays Millions for Quality ’
BOOK
Every Farm Home
Should Have This Book
CONTAINS the greatest Harness and Vehicle offers ever
^ made; 178 pages of wonderful interest to Farmers; 251
illustrations, many in colors; 138 styles of Carriages, 74 styles
Harness. See our Wagon Leader of special construction, page 101,
and special Harness Bargain, page 143. We sell direct from our fac¬
tory, giving you genuine, absolutely guaranteed
Bargains in Vehicles and Harness
Doesn’t it stand to reason that you can buy Vehicles, Harness and Sad¬
dles to better advantage from the makers than from second and third parties?
Dealers, Agents and Mail Order Houses have to get their profits and selling
Expenses that come out of your pocket. No sense in your paying out this extra
money, when an old, reliable ManufacturingConcern like “Murray” of Cincin¬
nati stands ready to ship direct from our factory.
99 “Highest Award” Baggies Direct From His
Factory— Four Weeks* Road Trial — Safe
Delivery Insured— Two Years’ Guarantee
No buying a “cat in a bag” from “Murray.'* You select any
vehicle you like from our Big Style Book, wo ship it on, and
you take it out and give it a practical toston the road around
your place for 30 days. If you are not satisfied, we simply won’t
trade, that’s all. No obligations on your part, no hard feel¬
ing on oiirs. If you decide to buy, we stand right behindyou
.with the well known “Murray" Guarantee of Quality.
We Want Our 1911 Catalog in the
Home ol Every Farmer in America.
The Wilber H. Murray MTg Co.,
_ Dept. 30S Cincinnati, O-
Page 63 — Auto Seat Buggy —
An unusual Buggy Bargain. Seat and
general arrangement are exclusive. We -
save you about $30 by Belling direct from factory.
ft
Save
$30
ROOFING
Yon send no money when
you order Unito Hoofing.
Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Write today for free Cata¬
logue and free samples
for test and comparison
and our unparalleled sell¬
ing plan.
iron and Steel
ROOFING
Send today for Free
Book and bottom Fac*
tory Prices on Metal
Roofing and Siding.
Better than you can
buy elsewhere at any
price. Shipped at our
risk. You
Send No Money
soyou take no risk. Our
guarantee and see-what-
you-buy- before - paying
Plan specify you p»y
nothing unless fully sat¬
isfied. Don’t buy till
you get our prices and
FREE ROOFERS’
GUIDE. W rito for this
Book today.
PAINT
Try Unito
paint free. If
It does not
spread best,
go farthest,
look best,
after you
have used
o ne- f i f t b
send rest
back and it
will cost you noth¬
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is guaranteed for
fire years — sold
at Real Factory
Prices. Send for
Free Col r Card
and big free cata¬
logue showing all
lands and low coat
to you.
Wonderful bargains In
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styles to choose from —
each absolutely guaran¬
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trial. Don't pay $15 to $25
extra to dealer for less
value. Order a
Unito Buggy
on our trial offer and proro for your¬
self that It is best. Writo today
for our big freo catalogue.
Let us send you a Unito
Engine on our No-ftloney-
in-Advance FREE trial.
Use it — prove it. Com¬
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freight charges. Made
in ail styles and sizes—
lowest prices — all guar¬
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catalogue.
Everything from
garden tools to
heavy power ma¬
chinery. Fully
guaranteed. Sent
on Free Trial to sell
themselves by tlieir
dependability and
high quality. Real
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you big money.
Send for big free
catalogue.
Farm Fence
Extra quality fence
— all styles and sizes
— rockbottom prices.
Perfect poni try gar¬
den and stock fence,
extra close woven at
bottom to keep out
even little chicks,
and wider and strong¬
er at top to turn hogs
andcattlo. Don’t buy
fence till you got our
Factory price. Free
cataloguo on request.
SEWING
MACHINES
Don’t pay deal¬
ers’ or agents’
prices when we
guarantee you
better quality
at a big saving.
Any Unito ma¬
chine on SO
days’ free trial.
See and prove for
youraeif before you
pay. Get cataloguo.
,ri,euUillte.d „Fact°rle8 Company consists of a number of factories co-operating under one sellintr
hook CO ,consumer— The Best Goods at tho Lowest Prices. Write today for our
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The United Factories Company, Station A-3 1 , Cleveland, Ohio
lee
THE RURA.Iv NEW-YORKER
February 18,
BOTH SIDES OF THE MANURE
SPREADER.
In looking over the current farm
papers, one seldom finds an issue in
which there are not one qr more articles
praising the manure spreader. As the
advantages have been given so fully, I
shall touch only lightly on that side of
the question, but shall give the other
side in full. The two problems in agri¬
culture, which are of the most import¬
ance at the present time, are those re¬
garding the fertility of the land, and of
the saving of labor. Since the manure
spreader is one of the greatest aids in
both of these problems it has undoubted¬
ly won a permanent place on the farm,
but not on every farm. In regard to the
saving of labor, the spreader saves time
even over the most careless hand spread¬
ing, while if the attempt is made to
spread the manure anything like as even¬
ly and thinly as by hand, as with the
spreader, the saving is considerable.
Then of course it is considerably easier
to sit on a seat and drive, than to throw
off the manure with a fork. A small
quantity of manure applied evenly on a
given piece of land, is equal to a con¬
siderably larger quantity applied in a
careless manner. In this respect, the
•spreader saves manure.
The disadvantages to the manure
spreader are three. These are as fol¬
lows: Heavy draft; expense of mainte¬
nance; the inability to use it during a
large part of the year. 1 o take up the
first, the light draft spreader is a myth.
A manure spreader itself is no feather.
Then it takes some power to drive the
beater, even under the best of circum¬
stances. It follows that if the load of
manure is at all heavy, the draft can¬
not be light, even on hard ground. On
the other hand, in mellow ground (and
all farm land should be mellow) with a
heavy load of manure, containing long
rye straw, and an uphill stretch, it is,
lacking a herd of elephants, almost im¬
possible to move the thing. The writer
has often had the drive wheels slip, with
all the weight of the manure and
spreader on them, w’hen the bedding was
particularly tough. This has happened,
not cnly when there was snow, or mud,
but also in the Summer on a meadow.
There are two good methods of dispos¬
ing of manure. The first is to spread
it on the land as fast as made, the
other to store it in some sort of a shel¬
ter, and in such a manner as to prevent
too great a loss by fermentation. If
one adopts the former method, there will
be many months of the year that his
manure will have to go out on a sled,
and unless his farm is an exceptional
one, considerable more time when his
ground is too soft for good results with
the spreader. In addition, the cost of
maintenance will be high. This is due
to the fact that the spreader is continu¬
ally soaked full of the liquid part of the
manure, causing a more rapid deteriora¬
tion of the machine and necessitating
more repairs.
If the manufacturers wished to, they
could lower the repair bill to a marked
extent. Seeing that their piofits on re¬
pairs are probably well over 100 per
cent., while they have a monopoly on
the parts, it is to their advantage to sell
as many as possible. If prospective cus¬
tomers would consult the price list of
repairs, this might be changed, but no
one is very like to do this. I did not.
My manure spreader experience may be
instructive. Two years and three
months ago I bought a 40-bushel
spreader. It was not entirely new, hav¬
ing been in the hands of the agent for
about a year, and having stood outdoors
almost all of this time, but it had never
been used. It is of a make that has the
reputation of being the best. Inside of a
year I had to get four slats for the
apron, several links for the apron return
chain, and a number of those that are
riveted to the apron slats, forming the
two side apron chains. It being inside of
one year, I did not have to pay for them,
but had to pay the express charges on
them, which, according to the usual pol¬
icy of the express companies, were of
course modest. During the first Winter
we used it most of the time, as there
was exceptionally little snow. Last
Summer I had to have some more re¬
pairs, and as they were the same ones
as before, I thought I might as well lay
in a supply of them. I therefore or¬
dered six slats and a dozen links. The
bill was only $3 fof about six pounds of
cast malleable iron, and five board feet
of soft wood. Having by this time got
wise, I did not order the apron return
chain, which my man had lost, at four
times the price that it cost me at a mail
order house. These slats could be made
many times as durable if they were made
of cypress, and soaked full of hot lin¬
seed oil. The links could also be made
in such a manner as not to rust together
in spite of all the oil that one can soak
onto the outside of them, if it was to
the advantage of the manufacturer. That
same Fall, owing to a defective casting
having been put into the machine, I
broke the driving sprocket, for which
I had the pleasure of paying $5. Just
in passing it may be remarked that it is
no dress suit job to repair a manure-
soaked old spreader. Last Winter, and
so far this Winter, besides a large part
of each Spring and Fall, it has been im¬
possible to use the spreader at all. This
is the worst, as this is the very time
when the most manure is made. I could
stand the expense and bother, if half of
my manure did not have to go out in the
old way anyway.
If one stores his manure, it is doubt¬
ful whether he can afford to buy a
spreader, if there is one in his neighbor¬
hood which can be rented. The usual
charge is a dollar a day. The interest
on the investment alone, without repairs
or depreciation will amount to $6, and
one must have a good deal of manure,
or a long haul, not to be able to get it
out in a week with a spreader and an
extra man to help load. If one then
adds to the $6, $10 for depreciation, and
something for repairs, he will have quite
a large margin. This is more especially
true if the Winter’s manure is hauled
out on a sled, to be plowed under, leav¬
ing only about half to be disposed of
otherwise.
With a given amount of money to be
invested, either in a manure shed and
carrier, or a spreader, I should invest
in the former if there was a spreader to
be had in the neighborhood. With a
sufficiently large quantity of stock, I
should have a spreader in spite of the
repairs, and haul out the manure when¬
ever possible, as made. Then I should
have a shed, too, if I could afford it.
With a small quantity of stock and no
spreader in the neighborhood, I should
try to interest some neighbor, if possible,
to go in with me. If this were impos
sible, I should go without, for it is not
use, but rust and decay that spoils a
spreader, and one will rot about as
quickly if soaked with the manure from
six cows, as it will with that from
twenty. It might be possible to buy one,
and rent it out enough to pay for the
expenses, but I should find out before
I bought one. albert h. de graff.
Jefferson Co., N. Y.
DIBBLE’S FARM SEEDS
arc in a class by themselves, the best obtainable on the American market, and
the price is no more than paid for the ordinary grades of commerce.
Dibble’s Best (D. B.) brand Alfalfa, Alsike, Medium, Mammoth Clover and
Timothy are "best by test. One hundred samples recently analyzed, tested
from 99.604 to 99.984 pure, which is practically
i00% Pure
r% ILLLE r> J ntc are largely raised on our own seed farms,
UlDDle § where we grow around 10,000 bushels
■ 11 annually. These varieties are the best
kinds for the Middle and Eastern States, are thoroughly weeded while growing, recleaned
TWICE over our special recleaner, which has a screen surface of three and one-haif
by fifteen feet, and therefore are the best and cheapest that money can buy, as we ship
direct from our seed farms to yours.
Dibble’s Seed Corn
■ auapueu to tut* otiti/us, uoui lor
crop and the silo. We raise over 100 acres on our Seed Farms each year, and the field
test tells the story. Ears are carefully selected, hand picked and thoroughly tested.
Fifty samples show vitality of from 954 to 984. although a number of our customers
report that "every kernel grew,” which would be
consists of four varieties, both flint and
dent, that we have found to be best
adapted to the Eastern States, both for
.. n _ .1 _ . _ _ _ _ J <.1 _ i) j
VI J ~ ’ - - ~ — •• - - —
Germination 100%
appress-
ED WARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
CATALPA
SPECIOSA TREES
Mine are true to name.
. . . . . . Free booklet tells all
about the 150 acres I am growing for telephone
poles. H. C. ROGERS, Box 111, Mechanicsburg, 0.
5 Paint Is Cheaper
Than New
Buildings
You know how
quickly a building
that never saw paint
goes to rack and ruin.
The boards rot
around the nails, they
crack and warp.
Only constant re¬
pair keeps the build¬
ing standing.
An occasional coat of good paint made with
“Dutch Boy Painter”
White Lead
and real linseed oil will save your buildings
and reduce repair, to say nothing of im¬
proving the looks of the place.
Decide to use "Dutch Boy Painter” White
Lead this spring.* It’s a mighty good investment.
Write .for our “Helps No so* ’ ivhich will tell
you why . how, with what and when to paint.
National Lead Company
New York Cleveland Chicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cindnnati San Francisco
John T. Lewis A Bros. Co., Philadelphia
National Lead & Oil Co.. Pittsburgh
t
s
iuaranteedTreei
t Wholesale Price
liuy Direct from Us and Save Money!
All stock of High Quality and Genesee
Valley Grown, where Scale is unknown.
12 PEAR TREES, $1
3 Bartlett, 2 Flemish, 3 Keiffer, 1 Clapp’s, 1 Wilder,
1 Sheldon, 1 SerkoL
True to Name or Money Back.
Write now for Free Catalogue of Complete Line.
Reilly Bros. Nurseries, 1027 Reilly Rd., Dansville, N Y
I
■
FRUIT TDCCC Apples, Pears, Plams, Cherries,
I* Bill I 1 I nLLu Peaches, SmaU Fruits, Shrubs,
Roses. Finest Stock. Low
Prices. Free Catalogue. Write us before you buy.
J. Faerber Frultland Nurseries. 303 Wlnton Rd.N.,Roohester,N.Y,
ITT 1 \ TFf-i T~* T'V a few good customers for
W ANTEDx;^;,-
V/e want your custom and you want our goods.
Send for our FREE catalog.
The Rochester Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.
CRAPE
VINES
can be bought right this year. Send us a
memorandum of your wants for prices.
MINER & MINER
Grape Vine Growers, Sheridan, /V. V.
Top-dressing Alfalfa.
I read the letter from M., West Virginia,
and the answer to same. Mr. F. L. Allen’s
advice is correct, only lie says Alfalfa can¬
not be grown on ground that freezes and
heaves. I have been able to do so, but I
top-dress with manure as soon as the
ground is frozen so it will not cut through
with the wagon, or, if we happen to get
snow, so much the better — spread it on the
snow. By doing this the first two Winters
I find the Alfalfa will take care of itself
after that. Mr. Allen’s way is the proper
way, but if one cannot drain his land it
can be grown with top-dressing the first
two Winters. It is worth going to extra
trouble to grow. e. n. g.
Knox, Pa.
SAW your own
wood
and save
time, coal and
money; or saw
your neighbors
wood and
MAKE
$5 TO $15
A DAY
Hundreds are doing it with an Appleton Wood Saw,
Why not you? We make six styles — steel or wooden
frames — and if desired will mount the saw frame on
a substantial 4-wheel truck on which you can also
mount your gasoline engine and thus have a
PORTABLE WOOD SAWING RIG
that is unequalled in effective work and profitable
operation.
Wc make the celebrated Hero Friction Feed Drag
Saw also, and complete lines of feed grinders, corn
shellers, corn buskers, fodder cutters, manure spread¬
ers. horse powers, windmills, etc. Ask for our F ree
Catalogue.
27 Fargo Street
■ Batavia, 111. U.S.A;
Appleton Mfg. Co.
BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME
GROUNDS WITH A PRIVET HEDGE
I w ill sell you enough good, strong, heavily rooted
California Privet hedge plants to go around your
home grounds, planted six inches apart, for 9c per
yard, packed to carry anywhere, delivered to It. It.
station at Salisbury, Md. Measure distance around
your grounds, see how little it costs and send your
order tow. F. ALLEN, Salisbury, Maryland.
iliS GRAPEVINES
6!t Varfetle*. Also Small Frnlt*. Tree*, etc. Best Root¬
ed Stock, Genuine, cheap, 2 sample vine, mailed for 10c. Desc.
price-list free. LKnlS HOESCIt A SON. Bo, K, Kredonla, S. 1.
FRUIT TREES and PLANTS
At prices that will astonish you. Send for Whole¬
sale Price List and Lithographs. Several good
collections cheap. We have a complete assortment
in all varieties of fruit trees and plants. Special
Strawberry Catalog. Headquarters for the Old-
Fashioned Sweet Cherry. No crooked or inferior
stock sold at any price. Satisfaction guaranteed.
L’AMORFAUX NURSERY CO., Schoharie, N. Y.
Argenteuii Asparagus Roots offffis, {JJSS
-*• n. j.
Seed Corn
OKK CENT SAVES $ $ $ ,
Have you seen our prices ? If not, you had better
invest one cent in a postal card and get our free
Descriptive Catalogue. There is a difference m
prices. Our Seed Corn is all F.astern grown— and
guaranteed to give satisfaction. IV e will save you
S S S on that seed bill — one cent — one postal card.
Send it to
FOKKEST SF.KI> CO., Cortland, >. * •
BERRY BUSHES
Marlboro, Cuthbert, King, Hnby Ke<l Rasp-
b«*rrv. Plum Farmer. Kansas, Cumberland, con*
roth Gregg, Hoosier (New) ■ hick Cap. Stowers,
Yard Eldorado. Snyder. Me sereau. Erie lilaek-
berry. Downing, Pearl. Industry Gooseberry.
Cherry. Fays. Pro, Wilder Red Cross. Diploma,
I ondon Mkt . Pomona Perfection, White Grape,
Hlack Champion, Currant. Grapevines, also
Annie. Pear. Plum, Cherry at low prices, oend
postal for price list. All stock first-class, true to
mime and well rooted.
Sharon Fruit Farm and Nursery
Edgar Empie, Prop. Sharon Springs, N. Y.
1911
1©T
BACK TO THE FRUIT FARM.
Slowly Making It Pay.
Mulching Peaches. — On a cold day
in late December I began hauling manure
to scatter around the young peach trees.
This strawy stable manure would make
an ideal mulch, and keep the ground
from warming up too early in the
Spring, thus holding the fruit buds in
check. My wife came out aftei' I
had returned from the orchard with the
first load and asked me what I had been
doing. I told her that I had been put¬
ting some money in the bank. She un¬
derstood my answer, and with a laugh
said: “Yes, but it is not subject to
check. I told her no; that the deposit
was put in the savings account and would
draw more than the customary three
per cent interest. Just yesterday I was
examining some especially fine and
thrifty three-year-old peach trees, and
they are loaded with buds. I shall prune
out a great many of these buds early in
the Spring, as I do not want my young
trees to overbear. The strawberry beds
went into their Winter quarters in fine
shape, and I shall fruit 3 y2 acres next
Spring.
Strawberry Experiments. — I have
been experimenting the past Summer and
Winter with these strawberry beds and
next Spring shall be able to note the re¬
sults with some accuracy. I like to find
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
have unthought-of incidental expenses
for at least two years before the money
begins coming your way to relieve the
strain.
Hens or Hogs. — Take my advice and
stay out of the chicken business ; it is
sheer folly to attempt to make money
out of them wher? one is not fully
and expensively equipped for such.
One good brood sow will make you
more returns in a year than a dozen
liens ; at least that has been our ex¬
perience. As an example of the above
statement I give the following facts.
One year ago this month I bought a
young sow, paying $2.50 for her. I
fed her waste from kitchen and some
corn and in the Spring turned her on
pasture, giving her two ears of corn
a day till green corn was ready to
feed. All told I fed her, to be con¬
servative, $3 worth of corn. Yester¬
day I sold four of her pigs for $20
and have the sow left. Now for the
chickens. Last Spring we bought four
hens and one rooster, pure stock. White
Wyandott'es, paying $0 for the bunch.
Chicken house, $25; wire and fencing,
$10; feeders, coops, outdoor brooders
and other fixtures. $5 ; baby chick feed,
$2 : other feed $10 to date. These chick¬
ens had an open run all Summer,
plenty of fresh water and the best of
feed and attention. The above is the
debit side brieflv stated. The credit
YOUNG CARMAN PEACH TREES IN; -STRAWBERRIES. Fig. 03.
out things for myself, as asking some¬
body else never quite satisfies. In the
garden are three rows of strawberries
which after fruiting never had a hoe in
th£m all Summer. The middles are a
thick mass of vines, and they are now
covered with a natural mulch, dried crab
grass and weeds. In the new field which
was cultivated and runners kept in check
all Summer we left one row of Senator
Dunlap and one row of Warfield un¬
covered for the Winter to observe the
result of the no-mulch system. In the
old patch which will give its third crop
next Summer we worked just as
thoroughly after fruiting as we did the
new one, and at the beginning of Winter
anyone not familiar with strawberry
culture could not have told the old patch
from the new one. In the old field we
mulched with wheat straw and in the
new one with manure bought at a livery
stable and spread on the vines at a cost
of $1 per load delivered. This was
pretty good manure, as the bedding had
been done with straw, all except three
loads which were of pine shavings. I
had these three loads scattered over
four rows of berries across the field, and
here I shall be able to observe the quality
of pine shavings and sawdust manure as
a mulch.
Back to the Land.- — Taking a retro¬
spective view of the past year we are
highly satisfied with our farm venture,
although I have spent almost every dol¬
lar that 1 have made, at my job in the
city on this farm. I feel that I am buy¬
ing my way to freedom and to be my
own boss. I feel that the money I have
spent for manure, wood ashes, nursery
stock, fencing, labor and other things
has been well invested, and that I shall
get it all back in the near future with
compound interest. We have denied
ourselves some pleasures, and have
worked hard to make our venture a
success, and so far would not trade
our prospects for a very enticing posi¬
tion in the city. It takes considerable
capital, no little work, and good hard
business sense to make a venture of
this kind a success. In the first place,
if you are thinking of making a move
of this kind, and haven’t the capital to
back you up till the proposition be¬
gins paying, be very careful not to get
in debt outside of the first crop of the
farm. Keep your job in the city, and
that will keep your head above water
till you can make it pay. If you are
in debt for the original cost of the
farm, the interest on your loan will
grow at a livelier rate than weeds in
the strawberry field. Then you will
side . is as follows : 3s young pullets,
average market value, $15; six young
roosters for the table, average total
value, $3; one rooster sold for $1.
This leaves us on the debit side of
the ledger for the first day of Janu¬
ary, 1911, $32, and not an egg yet. If
these pullets commenced laying on the
first day of January and laid an egg
apiece a day for the next three months,
with eggs at 30 cents per dozen, we
would be $4 ahead of the game the
first day of April, 1911, if feed was
(Continued on next page.)
“Pittsburgh Perfect”
Wire Fencing is best all through.
T 1-7 IT dcct The wire is drawn from a special quality of open
* BEST hearth material— tough, pliable, strong, long lived
” ilxE like old-time iron wire. It is the finest fencing
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Galvanizing Heavily galvanized by our own new and perfect
Perfect process, the wire is positively moisture-proof.
The fact that
All Stay Wires and Line Wires are Electrically Welded
not only eliminates the weakening and THE WELD
moisture- gathering wraps, clamps
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the fence into one piece of perfor¬
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XT W Sectional view — Amalgamation perfect. No team
No Waste Wire There is no waste wire to make useless weight;
m nr w • > in5*ead’ heavier wire is used and all the weight
No Waste Weight is fence. Stay wires being of the same size as
line wires, the
“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence is the Strongest in the World
EVERY ROD GUARANTEED PERFECT
Catalogue showing 73 different styles and sizes, adapted to every purnose— FIELD
FARM, RANCH, LAWN, POULTRY— Sent free on request. Sold by dealers everywhere
PITTSBURGH STEEL CO.
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Makers of
Pittsburgh PERFECT brands of Barbed Wire, bright, annealed
and galvanized Wire, Fence Staples, standard Wire Nails and
Pittsburgh PERFECT" Fencing.
Virginia Farms and Homes.
FREE CATALOGUE OF SPLENDID BARGAINS
It. IJ. C II A FFIN & CO., Inc., Richmond, Va .
PATENTS START FACTORIES
IPATENT SECURED OR
- - ' FEE RETURNED
Startright. Free Book— How to obtain, llnanee
_ ami promote patents. Send sketch, free seareU.
EARN HAM & SUES, Pat. Aliya., Ad. 36. Washington, D.C,
The Hired Man Problem
n
tSB
The farmer can do without a hired man if he makes one acre
produce as much as now comes from two, or he can afford to
employ the best labor there is and all he needs, if he doubles
the crops on all his acres.
Why take half a crop when a whole one is possible? It is
largely a matter of fertility ; and the best part of it is that, the
more fei tilizei used the easier it is to pay for it ; the extra crop
takes care of that, but the right fertilizer should be used.
We have the right fertilizers, the right service, and the right price. Fifty
years of experience, the largest and best facilities, guarantee full value for every
dollar invested in our brands. Write today for copy of ‘ ‘ Plant Food. ’ ’ It will help
every 'farmer increase his harvests and his profits. Not a word of advertising in it
but sent without cost for the asking.
©
©
m
so
. AGENTS WANTED in unoccupied territory. Liberal terms and goods that sell,
to sell our fertilizers as well as use them. Ask for agency proposition.
It pay:
THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CO.,
92 State St. ,
Boston
2 Rector St. ,
N#»w Ynrh
P, 0. Drawer 970,
RiiILIa
Rose Building,
r l _ i _ j
Second National Bank Building,
188
February 18,
BACK TO THE FRUIT FARM.
(Continued from page 197)
free. The chances are that the whole
bunch will not lay over $2 worth of
eggs in the next three months. So in
a small way it doesn’t pay the Hill-
crest Fruit Farm man. I can imagine
what the debit side of the ledger would
have shown if I had gone into this
more extensively. So my advice to
the beginner is to keep away from the
chicken business as you would a loaded
gun. Put the same amount of - money
into manure and small fruits and you
will win out.
Make Peaches Grow.— Our peach
trees the past Summer made a wonder¬
ful growth and are . marvels of beauty
and symmetry. They will average ten
feet in height at three inches through
the trunk, and only three years old.
See Fig. 63. This wonderful growth
has been accomplished by constant and
thorough cultivation, plent yof manure-
and wood ashes, and close personal at¬
tention to each tree. My knife is al¬
ways sharp, and when out looking my
pets over it is ever ready to cut out
an objectionable limb. I trim to an
open round head and aim to get the
main branches short and stock to bear
up the load of fruit that is coming soon.
This Spring I expect to spray with com¬
mercial lime sulphur to keep ahead of
the scale. The pest is just beginning to
get a start in my orchard, but I have no
fears from it. Our Grimes Golden and
Jonathan apple trees also did well last
Summer, they having received the same
treatment as the peach.
Making Good. — We have been on this
five-acre fruit farm almost three years
now, and our prospects grow better
each year. When you consider that
there was nothing but a bare meadow
when we purchased it you can realize
what manure and work will do in three
years. Up to date this farm has yielded
us in cash returns nearly $600 from
strawberries principally. This money
has been applied on the mortgage, and
we are slowly but surely getting on
top. I look forward to the first day
of April as does a school boy to the
last day of school, for then I expect
to quit the office for the Summer and
enjoy myself among the fruits and flow¬
ers. This will be my first vacation in
several years, and although I shall be
at work marketing my berries and hoe¬
ing my crops, I shall feel as good as if
I were off at the seashore whiling my
time away. To the city man who is
contemplating a move in this direction
I wish to advise him to be extremely
conservative. Do not believe anything
you read or see advertised about the
chicken business. Do not figure that if
one man made a dollar a year per hen
you can do the same with 1,200 hens.
The chances are that you will lose one
dollar a year per hen instead till you
get wise to the situation. Consult your
wife about your views and take her
advice. A woman has a born instinct
for the protection of the home which it
is always well to heed. If she advises
you to keep your job in the city, and is
not willing to take chances with you on
a new venture, you would better stick
to your city job till you rust or wear
out. Domestic peace and happiness,
even in the city, is far more to be de¬
sired than the Elysian fields of our
day dreams. s. h. burton.
Indiana.
A chauffeur who had just returned
to the garage after taking the State’s
examination to determine his fitness to
be licensed was asked by a fellow worker
what the questions were : “One of them
was about meeting a skittish horse,” he
replied. “They asked what I would do
if I approached a horse which showed
signs of being afraid of the car and its
driver held up his hand to me.” “What’s
the answer?” asked a bystander. “Oh,
I had that all right,” the chauffeur re¬
plied. “I told ’em I’d stop the car, take
it apart and hide the pieces in the grass.”
— New York Sun.
THE R.URA.L, NEW-YORKER
NOTES ON THE HESSIAN FLY.
The Hessian fly that lays its - eggs on
the blades of the Fall wheat is a very
small insect, but the damage that is
wrought by it is of a great deal of sig¬
nificance. The eggs of the Hessian fly
hatch in from four to six days after they
are deposited on the blades of the young
wheat, when the larva, a pale red maggot,
begins to work Its way down the stalk
head downwards until it comes to a joint
where it rests until it comes to maturity,
which is from six to eight weeks, and
comes forth a fly the following Spring, the
latter part of April, in May to again de¬
posit eggs on the fresh blades of new
wheat, and the larva again undergoing a
like transformation above described. Be¬
cause of the two broods raised in a season
and the multitudes of individuals is the
reason of its menace to the wheat fields
of the country.
The past season of 1910 was one of the
best to study the Hessian fly we ever ex¬
perienced. With a full knowledge of the
presence of the “fly in the country in
this locality, perhaps three-fourths of the
farmers hesitated about early sowing. Most
of the Fall wheat was sown the last days
of September. Some fields were sown as
early as the 15th, and the later sowing
was after the 1st of October. Now let us
see what is the result of the different sow¬
ings. I have examined field after field
of the different sowings and know whereof
I speak. The early fields are nearly all
eaten up by the Hessian fly. The fields
sown the last of September are infested.
The later* sowings (after the 1st of Octo¬
ber) are not infested at all to speak of.
Why is it? Well, the farmer is after the
wheat — and so is the fly — and if the
farmer does not get busy the fly is pretty
apt to get the wheat.
I like to take an optimist's view of
things, but if 1 were to make a prediction
of the 1911 wheat crop over a large area
that is infested with Hessian fly, I would
say, first sowings, 50 per cent, loss ; sec¬
ond or last of September sowing, 30 per
cent, loss ; last sowings, 25 per cent, loss
on account of Spring brood of Hessian fly.
Could this loss have been avoided? Yes.
How so? Why, by later sowing; it is the
early sowing that does the biggest damage
to the country. It gives the Hessian fly
a chance to deposit its eggs, and the larva
to come to maturity before freezing
weather, and thus be in ideal shape the
following Spring to infest every other
field, whether it was sown either early or
late. The later sowing can avoid damage
in the Fall, but has no defence in the
Spring against “fly” from infested fields.
The Fall of 1910, our first killing frost
in this locality was October 22. To all
appearances the middle of October every
wheatfield in the country was affected very
badly by “fly” and eggs could be found
in any and all wheatfields that were up,
but the frost of October 22 killed most of
the larvae on the late fields, because the
Larvae were not so fully developed as on
the early sown wheat, and yet some of the
larvae on last of September sowings
worked down to the crown of the wheat
plant and came to maturity in November
in spite of the freezes of early November,
which shows that the larvae is very hardy
after it reaches a certain stage of growth.
That the farmers over a wide area of
country have the liossian fly to contend
with there is no doubt. The immense
damage that can be done to the wheat-
fields by this insect has been clearly
proven. The remedy that must be applied
to exterminate it is not mysterious nor
hard to understand. The Hessian fly’s
life and very subsistence is dependent on
the wheat plant, and the wheat plant only.
It is never found on oat or rye plants,
though they are growing in the midst of
infested wheat plants, neither have we ever
found a matured larva on any other grain
or grass plant; it is purely a wheat de¬
stroying insect. Knowing this, our one
possible chance is to sow late enough that
the early freezes will destroy the larvae
before they are advanced enough to ma¬
ture. True, it will shorten the season of
Fall growth, but to me it seems the only
resource to get back to where we have
started from, for older farmers than I
know that formerly, years ago, better
wheat than we now raise was sown as
early as September 10, but that was when
the Hessian fly was not in the country;
that the time might come again when we
could again sow earlier does not seem im¬
probable. But before that time comes
it will take united and decisive action to
rid the fields of this pest thoroughly.
Once done, it will mean hundreds of thou¬
sands, yes, millions of bushels of wheat to
the country's credit by increased yields
and surer crops. millard horton.
Moving Large Trees.
G. 8., Grand Rapid#, Mich. — 1. 1 have
some three-year-old apple trees I should like
to move. Fan I do it without much danger
to trees? 2. How close can Duchess and
AVagener apples be planted? 3. What
would be the proper proportion of each in
mixing nitrate of soda, sulphate of potash
and treated bone meal?
Ans. — 1. Yes, these trees can be easily
moved. \Ye often transplant when
seven or eight years old. Do the work
early in Spring while buds are dormant
Dig the tree, leaving a large ball of
earth around the roots — as large as you
can conveniently handle. Plant an inch
or more deeper than the tree stood
in its old position. If the soil is dry
and inclined to fall from the roots
throw in water to firm it. Pack the soil
solidly around the roots in the new
location. We should cut the top back
at least one-third when transplanting,
planning to leave a low, open top. 2.
We consider 20 feet apart the limit for
such varieties, though we have seen them
do fairly well at 18 feet. 3. Use one
part nitrate, one sulphate of potash and
three of fine bone.
Sawdust with Lime.
I can get a lot of decayed sawdust.
Would it pay me to lime the sawdust and
apply to ground where I sow oats, and seed
with clover and Timothy? Ilow long1
should the lime and sawdust lie before
using ? s.
New York.
If the sawdust is well decayed ycu can
spread it like manure and plow it under.
Then sow the lime on the plowed ground
and harrow in. i c would hardly pay for the
extra handling to mix the lime and sawdust
and then spread.
BUSHELS MORE
POTATOES
PER ACRE
WHERE PLANTED WITH
WAGi
(Improved Robbins)
Potato Planter
Average results obtained in a careful,
thorough tost against a “picker” planter by
Maine State Experimental Station, in 1910,
Ask ns quick for the proof— we will send yon
now bona fide copy of their report in Bulletin
No. 188, which will bo ready
about March 15th. Shows
exact results. Also, compar¬
ison of level culture, high
and moderate ridging.
100 per cent, perfect
planting is what you
want — no doubles, no
misses, no injury to
seed. Address
BATEMAN K’F’G CO.
Box 102-P
GRENLOCH.
N. J.
Yllan on rear sent makes
corrections only.
-'yv'jirV','
Lessen Your Labor
/by using the W
self -operating— up-to-date *
ASPINWALL
Potato Planter No. 3
Work accurate. Adjustment simple. Mechanical
principles riyht. Durable — many in use from 10 to
20 years without a cent expended for repairs.
One person operates It.
Protect your crop with ASPINWALL SPRAYER.
Orchard and Broadcast attachments furnished
when desired.
Write for catalog, also our new booklet. “The
Potato.” It contains information every farmer
should have.
Aspinwall Manufacturing Co.
437 Sabin Street Jackson, Mich., U. S. A.
World's oldest and largest makers of Potato Machinery
SPRAY
fruits and field crops ww
with best effect — least ex¬
pense— less time, for big¬
gest profits. No other
sprayers as good as
Brown’s Hand and Power
AUTO¬
SPRAYS
40 styles, sizes and
„ guide In our
book, sent free for name on postal.
Choose any auto-spray— It is guar¬
anteed to satisfy you completely.
Used by the U. S. Government and
State Experiment Stations
und 300,000 others. Auto-Spray No. 1 — ideal outfit
for 5 acres of potatoes or 1 acre of trees. Auto-
Spray No. 11 for larger operations. We Imve Gas¬
oline and Traction Power Auto- Spray « for larges t
orchards and fields. W rite now for valuable book.
THE F. C. BROWN COMPANY
2g J ay St., Rochester, N. Y.
TO KILL.
San Jose Scale
usr
Bergenport Brand Sublimed
Flowers of Sulphur
The best form of sulphur for Lime Sulphur Wash.
Combines easily and quickly with lime. Write to
BERGENPORT SULPHUR WORKS
T. & S. C. White Co., lOO William Si .. N. V.
f™14 Sprayed with
Bowker’s PyTOX
brings more money
because it is free from injury by worms,
scab, etc. Over 300 testimonials in our
new catalogue show the great value of this preparation on all kinds of fruits
and vegetables. Pyrox serves two purposes ; it kills insects and prevents dis¬
ease and blemish. It adheres to the foliage even through heavy rains, saving
labor and cost of re-spraying'. Perfectly safe. It is all ready to use by mixing
with cold water. Every grower who seeks trait and vegetables free from
blemish needs “Pyrox,” the “one best spray.” It
Fills the barrel with the kind they used to put on Top”
Send for new catalogue with photograph of sprayed and unsprayed fruit in
original colors. Will convince the most skeptical. Say how many and what
kinds of fruit trees, or how many acres of potatoes you have to spray, and ask
for special prices. We ship from Boston, Baltimore, and Cincinnati.
1> DW If FT U INSECTICIDE COMPANY,
13 V/ ▼ ▼ IV AJ IV 43 CHATHAM STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
1911.
THE RURAE NEW-YORKER
109
A FARMER ON RECIPROCITY.
The following letter was sent to Con¬
gressman D. J. Foster of Vermont by our
correspondent E. S. Brigham. It is a plain
and forcible statement of the views of a
vast majority of New England and Middle
State farmers.
I believe that portion of your con¬
stituents which is made up of the farm¬
ers of Vermont has a genuine cause for
alarm in the prospect of the passage of
the proposed reciprocity treaty with
Canada, and I would like to give you
my reasons for this belief.
I realize that in the just settlement of
this tariff question there should be a
patriotic consideration of the greatest
good for the greatest number, but from
the newspaper reports of this treaty I
can sec in it very little of this. The
Washington correspondent of “The
Journal of Commerce’* says that the plan
of the commission' has been to select
the commodities for reciprocity in such
a way as to arouse the smallest amount
of antagonism on either side of the
border. I presume that it was in keep¬
ing with this policy that the articles
which are on the proposed free list are,
with the one exception of fish, made up
of products of the farm. Now I am
a wares that the agricultural interests
have the least effective business organ¬
ization of any industry in the country,
and for that reason they are the least
prepared to offer effective resistance to
any encroachments upon their rights,
but we can at least appeal to the sense
of justice of the President and Congress
of the United States.
■»
I do not believe that the farmers of
this country would greatly object to
free trade with Canada, because they
realize that they gain as well as lose in
a free interchange of commodities with
a people having a standard of living
and economic resources similar to our
own, nor do I think that the farmers
would object to a reciprocal agreement
with Canada which would enable them
to benefit by the lower cost of some
manufactured articles obtaining in Can¬
ada, but a treaty like the one proposed,
which throws the whole burden upon
agriculture and gives no benefits in re¬
turn is manifestly unfair.
If the farmers of this country were
unduly prosperous and they were ac¬
cumulating large fortunes there might
be some justice in such a course, but
such is not the case. The inducements
offered by the Federal Government for
the rapid settlement of the new lands
of the West in the past century, the in¬
vention of machinery to till these lands
and harvest the crops grown upon them,
and the building of railroads to trans- !
port these crops to market, all worked j
to cause a production of foodstuffs far
in excess of the demand. A system of
farming based upon soil robbery resulted
and much of the time farm products
were produced at a loss, if labor and
depletion of soil fertility had been taken :
into account. Farmers became discour- j
aged, boys who could get away left the j
farms, and the business was considered j
a good one to get out of. During this |
time, however, there was a high protec- i
. *
tive tariff on foodstuffs, although the J
price of these foodstuffs was largely j
determined by the price of the large ,
surplus exported to a free trade market.
The people, however, were blessed with
cheap food and acquired habits of liv¬
ing unknown in the history of the
world. In the past few years a change '
has taken place. Population has in- I
creased so that consumption has over- ;
taken production and prices have in¬
creased so that the farmer is beginning ;
to get a living wage for his work and
some interest on his investment. Young
men are beginning to consider farming
a profitable occupation and one which
requires training and ability for sue- 1
cess. The past 10 years of higher prices
has witnessed the employment of more
capital and better methods in agricul¬
ture, and the farms have responded with
a larger and surer production to meet I
the need of the increasing population, *
but the record so far but points the way j
to what the farms of this country may !
do with the employment of yet more
capital and better methods. It is now
proposed to put upon us this new bur¬
den of competition with a new and un¬
developed country. President Taft says,
“We have drawn upon our natural re¬
sources in such a way as to invite at¬
tention to their necessary limit.” Our
experiment stations have demonstrated
that the producing power of our farms
may be made many times what it is now.
Shall we allow these possibilities to be
realized, or shall we allow our own
agricultural resources to remain unde¬
veloped while we see once more the
process of soil robbery and profitless
agriculture carried on in a foreign coun¬
try? We farmers of Vermont have
everything to lose and nothing to gain
from this treaty and we look to you to
protect our interests. e. s. brigham.
A Champion Potato Digger.
Mr. J. .1. Eslcil, whose farm is in tho
upper peninsula of Michigan wrote of a j
man who dug by hand 105 bushels of pota- j
toes in one day of eight hours. In these
days when great tilings are being told 1
about hens, cows and horses, we believe
in giving the humans a chance — so we
asked for further particulars. Here they
are :
I he man who dug 105 bushels of
potatoes in eight hours did help to pick
them up after he quit digging. FI is
name is Stanley Garthe, he is a gradu¬
ate from Michigan Agricultural College,
and is superintendent of the local man¬
ual training school. He was born and
grew up on a farm in Lower Michigan,
and has been used to grow potatoes, as '
that was a special crop with his folks j
when he was a boy. Lie has been here
for five years, and comes often to visit ,
us. He dug 207^ bushels in eight hours*,
on Wednesday, and 105 bushels in 8J4
hours on Saturday. The potatoes were
Rural New-Yorker planted with an j
Acme foot-planter in hills 30 inches I :
apart each way, and the potatoes were
large, averaging 10 bushels to two rows
300 feet long. Mr. Garthe used a po¬
tato hook with round, sharp prongs, and
he dug two rows at one time and left
the potatoes lying in the middle. From
30 bushels of seed planted on a little
over two acres I got 850 bushels potatoes.
Ground was manured in the Fall and
plowed in the Spring. No commercial
manure used. T have been growing the i
Rural potatoes for six years, and have I
been very careful in selecting seed, and
they have improved both in shape and
yield year by year. I planted one peck
Green Mountain potatoes and harvested
seven and one-half bushels.
J. j. ESKIL. ;
&VE MONEY, TIME AND LABOR
Before Building, Write for Free Booklet and Samples of
DISHOPRIC WALL BOARD is cheaper and
•LJ better than Lath and Plaster; applied winter or
Summer. YOU can easily nail it to studding. Ap¬
plied dry it is at once ready for paint, paper or burlap,
is clean and sanitary; guaranteed proof against
dampness, heat, cold, sound and vermin.
I CONSTRUCTION
Made of kiln-dried dressed
lath, imbedded in hot Asphalt
Mastic, andsurfaced with sized
_cardboard;is cut atthe factory
into uniform sheets, 4x4 ft. sq.
and three-eighths of an inch
thick. These sheets(delivered
in crates) are easily and quick¬
ly nailedtostudding. Usedfor
dwellings, pleasure, health re¬
sort and factory buildings, new
parti tionsin old buildings, fin¬
ishing attic3, cellars, porches.
Applying Wall Board laundries, garages.
Price $2.50 per 100 sq. ft. or $6.40 per crate of 256 sq. ft.
f. o. b. factories. New Orleans, Cincinnati, or Alma, Micb. _ _ _ _ _ _ „1IV11<
Write for Booklet and Free samples of Wall Board, Sheathing and Roofing
The Mastic Wall Board & Roofing Mfg. Co. 43 E. Third St. Cincinnati, O.
13ISHOPRIC SHEATHING saves75 per cent In
■*-* materia land labor. Same as Wall Board, but cavd-
board surface of Sheathing is not recommended
tor decorative purpose therefore costs less. Quick¬
ly nailed to studs with laths and asphalt exposed.
Shows weatherboards over Sheathing, lath
side exposed; also
Bishopric Roofing,
over Sheathing,,
smooth side
exposed
hfakes smooth, solid job. Doe3 away with building
paper. Proot againstheat.cold, dampness. Usedwith
excellent resultsas cheapest and best lining for dairy
barns, poultry houses, stables and other buildings.
Price $2.35 per square of 100 sq. ft. or $6 per crate of 256
sq. ft. (. o. b. New Orleans, Cincinnati, or Alma, Micb.
Your Spring Wheat Must Grow Fast
It hasn t long to mature and you must push it right
along from seeding time to harvest — by giving it the
right kind and amount of food.
Lse from 300 to 600 lbs. per acre of fertilizer contain-
ing at least 6% available Potash or 250 lbs. Muriate of
1
OTASH
to the ton. You will profit by an early yield of
long heads, well filled with heavy, solid grains —
for Potash is first and last a maker of grain.
Starch cannot form without it.
Write fur our books on different crops and
how to make the best fertilizers for them.
Ask your dealer or write us today for prices
on Potash, any amount from a 200-lb. bag up.
German Kali Works, Inc.
Baltimore: Continental Building
Chicago: Monadnock Block
New Orleans: Whitney Central Bank Bldg.
NATURAL Ground PHOSPHATE
Add 50 to 100%
to the productive
capacity of your
manure by apply¬
ing only 2 0c
worth to each ton
of manure.
'THE RELIABLE
Write tor free Booklet
telling all about it.
Increase your
crop yields 50 to
75% by applying
$1.25 worth per
acre to the soil
direct. Leading
Agricultural Experi¬
ment Stations confirm
this, as our free Book¬
let shows Address.
- jiiuwj nuuichb. 1
THE FARMERS GROUND ROCK PHOSPHATE CO.Bsl^
BEES
HOW TO MAKE THEM PAY.
The pleasures, the work and the
profits of bee keeping are fully covered
'"'H* See Culture.'' six months' trial sub-
V cents. Write for book on Bees and free
i-atnlog — Imi li free.
THE A I. ROOT COMPANY, Box G5, MEDINA, OHIO
HYDRATED LIME
in paper sacks, ear-lots, for $7.50 per ton. Lime
Screenings in bulk, from best grade of burnt lime,
$n.0() per ton, f.o. b. ears any point between Buffalo
and New York on the main lines of tho N. Y. Cen¬
tral, Erie, D., L. & \V„ Penna., Lehigh, N. Y.,0. &
W. and C. R. R. of N. J. Order early before the
great demand sets in and delays shipments.
Address J W. BALLARD CO., : : BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
CIDER PRESSES
The Original Mt. Gilead Hydraulic Press
produces more cider from loss
•JJ'P It'S than any other and is a
MU ^ 1- V MAKER. Sizes
10 to 400 barrels daily. Also
cidor evaporators, apple-
butter cookers, vinegar
generators, otc.
CATALOGUE FREE
THE HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG CO ]
ld7 Lincoln Ave., Mt. Gilead, Ohio,
Or Room 119 L 39 Cortlandt Street. Now York, N.
Y.
Orchards Pay Better Than Gold Mines When Fertilized With
GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER!
The “use,,s s,a,e of —
FIRST PRIZE IS WON BY THE DREW-MUNSON FRUIT CO., of Littleton, Mass.
Their Prize Winning Acre of Baldwin Apples
GAVE THEM A TOTAL RETURN OF $715.70— THE NET PROFIT WAS $519.55
THIS ORCHARD WAS
FERTILIZED WIT
h GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER
AT THE RATE OF 1000
POUNDS PER ACRE
T r I K ( nr.’ Mmri'TTixrn . ■» r ^
The Coe-Mortimer Company,
Gentlemen :
I'1 legal (1 to Thomas Phosphate Powder, you will re¬
call that \\ e bought of you last year 130 tons and we wish to
say that it gave us most excellent results. On our peach
orchard where we used it, the trees made a splendid growth
with heavy dark green foliage, the fruit was of excellent color,
and the keeping qualities were remarkable, which was a big
advantage, especially when we had over 150 cars to harvest
in about two weeks as we had this year.
We never saw better colored Baldwin Apples than those we
grew where we applied a good dressing of Thomas Phosphate
Powder. The best sold at retail for $9.00 per barrel.
^ ours truly, Barnes Brothers.
THERE IS A TRUTH IN ALL THIS FOR YOU !
THE COE-MORTIMER CO. f^Yal 24r26 Stone St., New York City
200
February 18,
GAMBREL-ROOFED HENHOUSE.
J think Mr. Mapes could improve his
proposed 24 by 26-foot henhouse by put¬
ting on a gambrel roof as shown by
diagram. He would get a larger cross
section, and much more head room, with
the same quantity of lumber. As to the
window I should put in a hotbed sash be- -
GAMBREL ROOF HENHOUSE.
tween the second and third lower raft¬
ers, east side, hinged at the bottom to
lower inside. The hens would get the
benefit of the early morning sun. The
dotted lines show Mr. Mapes’ design,
16-foot rafters. The lengths of the
rafters I show might be changed and the
pitch of the top of the roof made
sharper or flat. E. y. breck.
Pennsylvania.
A WEST VIRGINIA APPLE REGION.
A Beautiful Spot on the Ohio.
The traveler between East Liverpool and
Steubenville, Ohio, either by rail or boat,
can scarcely fail to notice the wonderful
display of apple orchards which crown the
gently sloping hills on the West \ irglnia
side of the Ohio River, for mile after mile
of the journey. Here amid the rich and
varied landscape bordering one of the most
beautiful rivers on the American con¬
tinent, is a section of country devoted to
commercial orcharding on a large scale, and
one that for some reason is almost un¬
known outside its own boundaries, except
among the large market buyers and ship¬
pers of the principal cities. Why this is
so It would be hard to say, unless it is as
one of the large growers expressed it, that
all are too busy with the care of the
orchards and the shipping and marketing
of crops to take time to publish the in¬
dustry. When we recall the fact that this
spot saw the beginning of the horticulture
of the Ohio Valley, it is natural that much
interest should be felt concerning this
cradle of apple growing, and its later his¬
tory and development. The first settlement
in this valley was begun in the year 1785
by a venturesome pioneer from Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania, who came west in
the Spring of that year, bringing, among
his other worldly possessions, a supply of
apple seedlings, seeds, and scions of such
few varieties as were then known to culti¬
vation. At that early day this whole region
was a solitude almost as unbroken as it
was when the white man first set foot on
the shores of the new world, nearly three
centuries earlier, and it was a move re¬
quiring good nerve and determined char¬
acter to make a success of the venture.
This quality of determination the first
comers into this beautiful wilderness pos¬
sessed, together with rare good judgment
in selecting a location suited to their pur¬
poses. This settlement was made nearly
a quarter of a century before the advent
of “Johnny Appleseed,” as Mr. Chapman
was more commonly known, and before
the beginning of his mysterious career
through the wilds of the present State of
Ohio, distributing apple seedlings among
the scattered settlers of that early day, to
provide for the orchards of the future.
For several reasons it is now evident
that the pioneer from Pennsylvania made
a wise selection when he chose these beau¬
tifully rounded hills overlooking the val¬
ley for his home. The river is even here
a stream of noble volume, although less
than 40 miles below its source at Pitts¬
burg at the union of the Allegheny and
Monongahela Rivers, and has an average
width of nearly half a mile. Before the
country was supplied with railroads, the
riven was the only outlet for shipping all
produce, but at the present time the river
trade has fallen to almost nothing in the
handling of apples, the rail lines being
able to deliver shipments at any desired
point without delay. The great secret of
success, or rather the main factor that
makes continuous heavy yields here year
after year a regular thing, is the fact that
every morning in Spring and Fall seasons
a dense, almost impenetrable fog from
the river invariably rises and envelopes
the whole face of nature. This mist shuts
out the light of the sun, and in times of
bard frosts it causes the ice to melt so
slowly from the limbs of the trees in the
orchards that the frost is taken out with¬
out damage to the tender fruit buds.
Then, too, the direction of the prevailing
winds, the course of the river itself and
the peculiar contour of the surrounding
hills, all help to produce a combination
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
of favoring conditions that is ideal and
such as is rarely found elsewhere in so
great a degree as here.
The crop is harvested in the usual man¬
ner, and immediately packed in barrels
and headed up and placed in the storage
houses. Here the fruit is held until the
prices come to a satisfactory figure. When
this stage of the market arrives, the bar¬
rels are opened and the fruit poured upon
sorting tables and graded, usually into
three grades, or graded to suit each buyer,
as the case may require. All specks are
sorted out for cider or sold to the firms
who make jellies, etc. The system of
packing and finishing the tops of the bar¬
rels is rather intricate, involving lining
the heads with lace paper, the top layer
being faced with even, well-colored speci¬
mens, the No. 1 grade selected to run 2%
inches in size throughout the barrel, and
the No. 2 grade, also carefully hand
picked, runs about one-fourth inch less,
but both grades must be free from evi¬
dence of Codling moth, wormholes, or other
similar defects. I was particularly inter¬
ested in the subject of grading and pack¬
ing, and was much pleased to notice that
the ‘utmost care is taken to have the bar¬
rels always packed with stock that will
bear inspection, and be found to be a fair
average from top to bottom of package,
and be found to be as nearly as possible
equally as good size as those used in facing.
Although cold-storage has not yet been
established among these growers, it is the
prospect that this important provision will
be added in a year or two. With this
needed equipment installed, the growers
will be more independent than now, in re¬
gard to holding the crop for more favor¬
able markets. The present storage ca¬
pacity of this immediate section is in the
neighborhood of 100,000 barrels, and with
the addition of cold-storage, this amount
will be considerably increased.
I learned that the varieties most in
favor in this section are few. Willow
seems to be first on the list, with most
growers. Then come Rome Beauty, Bent¬
ley’s Sweet, some Jonathan, and many
planters still bold on to Ben Davis. They
say that it pays as well as almost any
other sort, taking one year with another.
Maiden Blush and Rambo are in favor fol¬
iate Summer and Fall trade, and are found
to pay well, meeting a good family de¬
mand, at fair prices. Grimes Golden, al¬
though this is near the place of its origin,
is not grown to any considerable extent,
except on the higher hills back from the
river. On the limestone uplands it is a
fair crop. The usual distance for plant¬
ing apple trees in orchard is 40 feet each
way, and for four or five years the ground
is cropped with melons or potatoes. After
that time the trees are large enough to
make further cultivation unnecessary.
Then cow peas are sown about the 1st of
June. In September rye is broadcast in
the standing peas. From September until
frost the peas are fed green to stock. When
killed by frost, what vines are left are
allowed to decay on the ground. It is
not the practice to plow them under, as it
is supposed to produce too much fermenta¬
tion in the soil.
It may be of interest to state that the
culture of cow peas was first undertaken
in this valley about 15 years ago, as the
result of a canr-' -a of education carried
on in the editorial columns of The It.
N.-Y. In this way the value of the plant
as a soil builder and producer of nitrogen
in the soil was brought to notice in this
section. One grower told me that he
started in at that time with 15 bushels of
seed and had kept on increasing his acre¬
age, until he now uses 150 bushels of seed
annually.
The system of fertilizing in this valley
in most general use is about as follows :
First year, potash, 200 pounds per acre;
second year, raw bone, 600 pounds per
acre; third year, lime, one to 1% ton per
acre. The spraying operations begin in
Fall with an application of a 10 per cent,
solution crude oil and lime-sulphur for
Oyster-shell louse after fruit is gathered
and leaves fallen. In Spring, arsenate of
lead is used as the bloom is dropping, then
again 10 days later, and a final spraying
is given of the same preparation about the
10th of June. In concluding this brief
and imperfect sketch of a section of coun¬
try that interests me greatly, I may add
that land is held so high in price as to be
practically out of consideration. There is,
in fact, very little land for sale at any
price, and I was told of one owner of
orchard and farm land who had refused
an offer of ?500 per acre for a tract of
nearly 500 acres. This, however, was an
extreme price, offered by a large manufac¬
turing corporation for the location for plant
and townsite. x. c. d.
Spraying and Pasture Grass.
Will you let me know what I can use to
spray my apple orchard with for the San
Jose scale, which will not poison the grass
for pasture or for hay? c. G. s.
Wolcott, N. Y.
Soluble oil or lime-sulphur used while the
trees are dormant will kill the scale, and, of
course, at that time there is no grass to
poison.
Two Crops off High-priced Land.
If land cost $400 per acre and is within
a third of a mile of a city of 200,000 peo¬
ple, advise us as to two of the most profit¬
able crops to grow on this land that can
be put into the market on or before the
25th of December. This is fertile corn
land, and would probably produce 40 bush¬
els an acre without more nourishment an
average season. Potatoes and oats have
been named. How will potatoes and can-
teloupes work on such land? c. s.
Columbus, Ohio.
If a man is to raise but two crops they
should be almost as much a part of him as
his two bands — that is, he should be ex¬
actly suited to them and know all their re¬
quirements. Potatoes would be good for
one asparagus, cabbage, melons or straw¬
berries. We should take potatoes and either
strawberries or asparagus.
Drilling Wheat Both Ways.
I have had some experience in that line
of double seeding. Through mistake in set¬
ting the drill I put more than 2 Mi bushels
to acre, and got but 18 bushels at thrash¬
ing time, too much straw, small graius. Do
we not see at the corners of fields, so much
of that small straw business? 1 sowed
six acres in same kind of ground, 1 V± bushel
to acre as we do commonly here in Indiana,
and got 25 bushels to acre, just about right
for our lands in this latitude. 1 am in¬
formed that if farmers sow more than one-
half to three-fourths in the southwest, they
get nothing much as in Oklahoma and Kan¬
sas and the southwest generally. They fail,
if they use our amount of seed to acre. I
think * I am borne out in this by all the
different State experiment stations ; every¬
where there is a recoru kept on this sub¬
ject obtainable by anyone for the asking.
Send for one or more. 1 have known some
of the verv best farmers to harrow their
wheat in the Spring to thin it out, and it
gave the newly sown clover an excellent
stand by cutting the crust of the packed
ground it gave the small grain an excel¬
lent stand, and this was done the first of
June. The wheat was so thick that it was
turning brown at the ground.
j. E. H.
When you write advertisers mention. The
K. N.-Y. aud you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee pag^- ’J)
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Free Trial
No obligation till satis¬
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write for it NO W
FT.T.TS ENGINE
“KANT-KLOG”
SPRAYERS
Something New
Spraying
Guide Free
Gets twice the results-
wlth same labor and fluid. V
Flat or round, fin e or coarse sprays
from same nozzle. Ten 6tyles. For
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Rochester Spray Pump Co. Bo“ Ksfv.
Pure Canada Unleached Hardwood Ashes
“THE JOYNT BRAND”
“THE BEST BY TEST”
Now is the time to order your fertilizer for this
season. There is none Better lor all crops than
pure wood ashes. My ashes are all collected from
house to house where wood is use.s for fuel.
Write for Prices Delivered at your station.
Address: .JOHN JOYNT
Lucknow, Out. Canada
Reference : llradatreeta Agency or Molsons Bank, Buck new
The Different Seeds that a
Grain Drill Should Sow.
Diversified farming has been and is
urged upon the attention of our farm¬
ers. There are good and sufficient
reasons why this is an excellent plan
and we believe that our readers are
pretty well posted on the subject. Per¬
haps some farmers think that all a grain
drill should be expected to sow is wheat,
oats, rye, barley and various grass seeds.
The fact of the matter is that a grain
drill should be able to successfully sow
any kind of seed that man is likely to
plant with a grain drill, from the small
grasses to large bush Lima beans, with¬
out injury to the seed, and in such
quantities as are known to be proper.
The Empire Grain Drill — which is made
in a large number of styles and sizes,
both plain grain and combined grain
and fertilizer — will successfully sow any
and every kind of seed, and there are
none too large or small. With it a man
can plant all his small grains and grasses
and in addition, he can sow peas, beans,
beets, corn, flax, etc. The Empire Grain
Drill is manufactured by The American
Seeding-Machine Co., Incorporated*
Richmond, Ind. Send for a copy <>)' their
Empire catalogue. Read it carefully and
then go to your implement dealer and in¬
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sold under such a liberal guarantee that
no person runs the slightest risk in pur¬
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• i ■ NO -MONEY. IN -ADVANCE — HO
BANK DEPOSIT — PAY AFTER IT
HAS PAID FOR ITSELF
LE.T US SEND YOU ANY OF THE.SE. SPRAYERS— to try for 10 days,
then if you buy, you can pay us cash or we’ll wait till you sell your crop, then
* —
Man-Power Potato i
Sprays “anything” — po
flme. Also first-class tree
vents blight, bugs, scab am
In half. High pressure frt
Spray arms adjust to any wi
in price, light, strong and dui
FIVE FUEL YEARS. Nee
trial.” You can get one free j
Write today.
and Orchard Sprayer.
tatoes or truck. 4 rows at a
sprayer. Vapor spray pre-
1 rot from cutting your crop
>m big wheel. Pushes easy.
dth or height of row. Cheap
rable. GCARANTEEDFOU
dn't-send-a-centto get it “on
if you are ilrstin your locality.
Horse-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
For big growers. Most powerful machine made. (0 to
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Write today.
Fitz-All Barrel Sprayer.
Fits any barrel or tank. High pressure,
perfect agitation, easy to operate. Brass
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wheels as shown. Five year guarantee.
It don’t cost you “a cent” to try it in your
orchard. Get one free. See behno.
Write toduy.
You can get a Hurst Sprayer absolutely free
If you are the first in your locality this season
to send for one of our sprayers for trial.
You need do no canvassing or soliciting. It
will only take 15 minutes of your time. We do the work.
When you get a sprayer from us you get the benefit of our
24 years experience in manufacturing sprayers. Hnrst
Sprayers won the gold medal at the National Horticultural
Congress spraying machine contest. Send us a postal or
mark the attached coupon and mail it to us and we will
send you our fine catalog, spraying guide, and will tell you
how you can get a sprayer free. Don’t delay, write us at
once for our free sprayer proposition and save money.
H. L. HURST MFC. CO., 284 Worth St., Canton, Ohio
H. L. HURST MFO. CO., 2S4 North St., Canton, O.
Send me your Catalog, Spraying Guide and “special
offer” on the sprayer marked with an X below.
. Man-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
. Horse- Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
. Fitz-AU Barrel Sprayer.
. 4- Wheel Orchard Sprayer.
NAME .
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COUPON-
Fill Out and
Sand todai
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201
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
BLUEBERRY CULTURE.
G. IT. M., I'audreuil, IVfs. — What do you
think of the chances of going into biue-
berry culture? I have natural blueberry
ground. Where can 1 get some pointers'?
You spoke of a bulletin that had been
issued somewhere. What is this publica¬
tion ?
Ans.— The bulletin referred to is No.
193, “Experiments in Blueberry Cul¬
ture,” issued by the Bureau of Plant
Industry, U. S. Department of Agricul¬
ture. According to this bulletin, two
methods are suggested for those who
wish to experiment in the culture of
the swamp blueberry.
The first method, suited to upland soils,
is to set the plants in trenches or separate
holes in well-rotted peat at least a foot
in depth, and mulch the surface well either
with leaves or with clean sand. The ex¬
cavations should provide ample space for
new growth of the roots, not less than a
foot each way from the surface of the old
root ball. The peat used may be of cither
the bog or upland type, as described on
pages 112 to 35 of this publication, and
BLUEBERRY IN LIMED AND UNLIMED
SOIL. Fig. 64.
should have been rotted for several months
before using. The soil in which the holes
or trenches are situated should be such as
to provide good drainage, the ideal condi¬
tion of the peat about the roots of the
plant being one of continued moisture dur¬
ing the growing season, but with all the
free water draining away readily so that
thorough aeration of the mass of
assured. If the surrounding soil
eiently porous to insure the
so
peat is
is su di-
maintenance
of such a moist and aerated condition,
without the necessity of mixing sand with
the peat, better growth, it is believed, will
be secured than when such a mixture is
used.
The second method of field culture sug¬
gested is to set out the plants in a peat
bog after the bog has been drained, turfed
and deeply, mulched with sand. The treat¬
ment proposed is the same as that em¬
ployed in cranberry culture, except that no
special provision need be made for rapid
flooding of the bog for Winter. The ground
water in the bog may probably be kept
with advantage a little lower than is usual
with cranberries. This method of culture
is suggested not only because of the close
botanical relationship of the swamp blue¬
berry and the cranberry and the known
similarity of their physiological require¬
ments in the matter of peat and moisture,
as well as the presence of a mvcorrhizal
fungus in the roots of both, but' also and
especially because the most robust growth
in all the pot experiments occurred when
the roots of the plant were feeding on
pure peat and the pots were surrounded bv
moist sand. In all' the field plantings
thus far made the plants were set out
while in full growth. Although most of
them were in pots when transplanted, and
therefore carried their entire root system
with them, nevertheless it is regarded as
highly probable that a better plan would
be to set the plants out when dormant, In
the early Spring of their second year.
Such a [dan would offer several advantages
which it is hardly necessary to recount.
For several days after transplanting, the
plants were partially shaded. Paper and
the branches of various trees and bushes
were tried for this purpose. Pine branches
stuck in the ground on the south side of
the plants were found by far the best of
the shades used. The soil about the plants
was mulched in most cases with dead
leaves, held in place when necessary by a
little earth thrown over them.
Prof. Coville conducted a series of in¬
teresting experiments as to the soil re¬
quirements of the blueberry. In these
blueberry seedlings were planted in glass
pots, permitting a study of the root sys¬
tem, in soils of varying composition.
Briefly stated, it was found that ordi-
iiary gay den soil is completely unsuited
to the blueberry, which requires an acid
Peaty soil, in which most garden plants
dwindle or die. Heavy manuring is
another enemy to the blueberry, but
most unfriendly of all is a soil made
sweet by lime. This is told in a very
convincing way in Fig. 64, where the
little seedling on the left shows
growth in peat soil sweetened with lime,
while the larger plant at the right grows
in unlimed peat mixture.
The blueberry also shows an aversion
to clay soils, and it does not thrive in
a thoroughly rotted leaf mold, which is
lacking in acidity. Furthermore, it is
found that the rootlets of the swamp
blueberry are inhabited by a fungus
which is believed to transform the non-
available nitrogen of- peaty soils into a
form of nitrogen available for the plant.
It does not, however, seem to be neces¬
sary to inoculate the soil to secure the
presence of this fungus.
The swamp blueberry is propagated
by seeds, grafting, budding, layering,
twig cuttings and root cuttings. Bud¬
ding gave a small percentage of suc¬
cess. The surest method of propagating
a selected blueberry bush is by layering,
but this is a slow process. Grafting is
objectionable, because the blueberry
plant has a habit of continually sending
up new shoots to replace the old stems.
Propagation by cuttings either of stem
or roots is free from these objections,
the only drawback being the difficulty in
making a high percentage of the cut¬
tings grow. While plants have been
grown from both root and -stem cuttings,
BLUEBERRY FROM ROOT CUTTING.
Fig. 05.
results were so variable that Prof. Co¬
ville does not feel able to recommend
any particular method at present.
Curing Over-Limed Land.
Noticing D. D. C.’s article on page 98
asking what to do with land on which
an excess of marl has been used, I have
noticed several complaints of this nature
from the eastern part of Virginia, and
the idea has often occurred that this
condition could be overcome by plowing
the land very much deeper than usual.
A better way would be to run two plows,
one after the other, as described by the
U. S. Department of Agriculture for
eradicating wild onions. If the trouble
is due to excessive alkalinity this would
reduce it, but if the trouble is more of a
physical nature, which I think is the
case (the capillarity of the soil being
very much reduced by the microscopic
shells), the mixing of more clay from
the subsoil would certainly prove bene¬
ficial. c. N. SANDERS.
Virginia. *
Save 50 % nnAriyn
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Fppo Cement and Special Root- __
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SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING
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valuable in n
JACOBSON MACHINE MFC. CO.
ill Irvine Street Warren. Pa.
ulbiplyTbur Profits With
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YOU have invested a certain amount of money in your farm ma¬
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To make that investment pay dividends, these machines must be
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Years of splendid service have shown that the most efficient oper¬
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I H C GASOLINE ENGINE
All I H C engines are conservatively rated — each engine easily
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I H C Service Bureau
The purpose of this
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farmers with infor¬
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farming. If you
have any worthy
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GALLOWAY
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SA\ E from $50 to $300 by buying your gasoline engine of 1\ to 28-II.-P. from
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Get Gaiioway'i
Biggest and B&s
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Write today for my beautiful new 50-page Engine Book in four
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Vim. Galloway, Pres., Wm. Galloway Co.
BBS Galloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa
GA,??rjINE 13 way. up now’ from 6 1° 16 cents more than kerosene, and is still soaring
The big automobile demand is responsible for it. Wbat will you do if your engine
wont run on kerosene? Better be on the safe side. Better own an engine that
will operate on either kerosene or gasoline.
Record Breaking PERFECTION Kerosene Engine
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the place, operates on any engine £uol, is priced lower than others of the samo size.
I 5 Days’ Free Trial ^ou can one these engines for 15 days’ free trial.
.. .. . Call on your dealer, ask him to tdiow you the “Porfoc-
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tree Engine Book or if your dealer does not carry the ** Perfection ” write to us direct.
) Engine Book or if your
Caille Perfection Motor Co., 211 Second Ave
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NORTHERN REALTY CO., Syracuse, N. Y.
.J
BOIL SAP
, For syrup and sugar making no other boiler can
equal ihe convenient, strongly built
Farmers’ Favorite”
Cooker and Boiler
Valuable for many other uses — I
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LEWIS MFC. CO.
Box C, Cortiand. N.Y.
FOR MENDING HARNESS
Ittakea » shoes, tents, awnings, pulley bolts, car-
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thread, dash hoards, or any heavy material,
feeds wart’s Automatic
from spool and Awu istlioonly per-
does the work of feet. Sowing
any harness maker \5~S3l / 7K-- ^ Awl.
machine. It is
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Agents wanted. Sent prepaid JfcA'QiHt&T 'SSr m
for SI. 25. Send at once for Gy Idf KB
catalog. STEWART-SKINNTR CO. Jw
35 Hermon Street. Worcester, Mass.
SfseB Wheels
will make your old farm wagon „ _
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Write for big tree book telling wi
all about them an-' how they pay . g 1*00
Empire Mfg.Co, Box 00-Z quinc.v,lil. * a
202
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 18,
Hope Farm Notes
FLORIDA NOTES. No. 2.
The cow was there and when those dogs
saw us approaching her they went back to
lie down, evidently well satisfied that old
“black and white” could take care of her¬
self. And she could ! It was a typical
woods cow, larger than the average, but
with the same tremendous growth of horn
and bone. That cow was not giving three
pints of milk, though there was a young
calf running about. I can well understand
•why this clergyman did not care to do
business on Sunday -with such a cow ! I
have heard about deacons who trade horses,
and I would match them against clergymen
who sell “two-gallon cows.” I have, since
then, been kicked while milking a Honda
cow and had part of the milk put on m>
clothes, and 1 know that ‘three-gallon
cows” are figured like the big fish that got
away— you guess at the amount and mul¬
tiply the guess. Back we wandered through
the darkness, which comes on rapidly in
Florida. There was a little mist of fine
rain, and these abandoned houses looked
like the wrecks of homes as old Prank
toiled past them. ,
“Seems like he must, he lonesome, said
Uncle Ed, as he pointed through the dim
light off into the woods. There was a
single gravestone right in the forest. it
was, no doubt, the beginning of a grave¬
yard. This single grave had been made at
the time of the great freeze. Bike the
homes, it was abandoned, and the pine
forest had closed in and grown back to its
own. Happily the sleeper is no. longer
troubled by the petty freaks of nature or
man which may change the history of coun¬
tries. , _ .
Of course we had our excuses for not
bringing home a cow. Mine was that the
color did not suit the complexion of my
wife and daughter. We were ready to fol¬
low up several now trails in the inoining.
After supper I was just in time to see a
couple of the little red-heads get ready for
bed There were several tablespoonfuls of
sand poured out of each little shoe, there
were sand burrs to be picked out, and feet
and face and hands that turned water close
to the color of ink. But they were finally
soaked clean and tucked away into bod to
dream of another sunny day in the Florida
sand. When the sun goes down in this
country there comes a sudden chill in the
air, and an open fire is pleasant. So after
supper a good fire of logs was started in
the fireplace and our folks gathered around
it Heat is rarely needed in the sleeping
rooms. In case of need little stoves per¬
haps the size of a peck measure are put in
these rooms and a fire of fat pine wood
quickly supplies the heat. The open fire is
usually started at night, and it makes a
fine gathering place for the family. The
(old snap that I spoke of two •weeks ago
did little damage. Water pipes froze and
potatoes were killed, but the oranges were
not injured. The only members of the
family to complain seriously of the cold
were the boys who had to do extra work
cutting wood. You will see that life pro¬
ceeds in a very leisurely way in this part
of Florida. There is not a policeman or a
lawyer or a constable within miles of us.
My family provided the entire attendance
at prayer meeting and practically all the
congregation at church. There are not
enough white children for a public school,
though the colored people have one. We
have a private school here, with about a
dozen or 14 pupils — including some “na¬
tives.” The down train to-day had a “hot
box” on one of the cars, and delayed 10
minutes trying to cool it off. That meant
more to our place than a murder would
mean to Broadway. Three of our people
spent the day at St. Augustine. They had
to get up at three o'clock in the morning
and signal the train by waving a lantern.
They will be back at midnight and as I
write the boy has gone to leave a lantern
over by the' station. This reception com¬
mittee 'will welcome them. All they have
to do is to pick it up and find their way
home without disturbing the rest.
Another Cow.— The clergyman’s cow
rather dried up the spring of hope, but
when morning came we were ready for
the trail — especially after eating oatmeal
with “dissolved” milk. This time we went
prepared for a campaign, and carried a
lunch large enough for a good-sized army.
It was not a case of “sunny Florida” this
time, for the sky was cloudy with a chill
in the air and promise of rain. 1 took my
thick overcoat— and it turned out to be a
good job. This time we took a new road
which ran through a more hopeful country.
There were some abandoned houses — mostly
in the lowlands near the lakes, for until
a man becomes part alligator he cannot
go into the wet Florida lands and live in
comfort. One unhappy victim of a land
boom told me that when he found a place
where he could make a living he was in a
place where no man could live ! That was
pretty nearly true of old ideas in Florida,
but is I believe now disproved. As our
road swung away from the lake lands we
worked gradually upon a sandy ridge. At
intervals along the road were neat houses
and prosperous little farms. Each one
had an orange grove and cleared land for
farm crops. The people seemed for the
most part middle-aged and mostly from the
North. Only here and there did one ever
sec a white child, and that seemed to be
guarded as a remarkable treasure. You got
the notion in riding over this road that here
was a community of Winter homes where
people past the prime of life and with
reasonable capital were putting the full
value upon the Florida climate in order to
figure a profit. One place in particular in-
te rested me. A man and his wife of perhaps
60 had a neatly painted house, a young
orange grove and a good herd of hogs
running in a fenced yard. A good mule
stood inside a log pen and tools were under
a shed. I believe 10 good brood sows
properly handled in that country will pay
better than any orange grove that one man
can handle, for the future of northern
Florida will, I am sure, be based on some
form of live stock keeping.
But we were after a cow. The first one
we struck was at the point of "going dry” —
a little yellow mongrel with big horns. The
next one, reported as a “two-gallon” animal,
was in a 10-acre pasture full of palmetto
and brush. We were instructed to hunt
her up. It was like a fox hunt, but finally
we found a small black animal, wild as
a hawk, and probably giving three quarts
of milk ! That was the way it went
through the forenoon, and 1 cannot say that
the hunt seemed promising as we halted old
Frank under a pine tree and proceeded to
milk the package of lunch which Aunt
l’atience had put up for us.
“Well,” said Uncle Ed, as he scraped up
the last crumbs of cake, “ there are some
things that money can't huy.”
I do not know whether he referred to
cows or to the appetite we had just satis¬
fied, but in either case there was no argu¬
ment against his statement. We were now
in a verv much better section — near a large
town built on a bluff by the side of Lake
Orescent. All along the road were groves
of orange gnd grapefruit which were loaded
witli a fine crop. The road was a mixture
of clay and sand, well built and firm.
The drive along it through these fine groves
is one to be long .remembered. They were
well eared for, and in one or two young
orchards I saw fife pots all ready to be
started in case the temperature went down.
There is the menace which constantly hangs
over orange growing in ttiis section. The
groves have been frozen several times. As
stated last week, the “great freeze” dis¬
couraged a large share of the growers. Here
by Lake Crescent men with capital and good
nerve stayed by the trees and made them
come bahk into bearing. It is a great
gamble, for while the groves are now the
picture of health a single night may spell
ruin. Jack Frost has only to stretch his
wing a little and shake the tip of a
feather over North Florida, and the work
of years will be blasted. And even with
years of good nature on the part of old
jack Frost human nature in the form of
the middleman steps in and takes the con¬
sumer's dollar. I went through a couple of
packing houses run by the Florida Fruit Ex¬
change and looked over the returns made
for fruit. In one case a shipment of beau¬
tiful fruit netted the grower about 45 cents
a box. In another case a heavy over¬
charge bv the railroad made it appear that
the growers must pay for the privilege of
shipping. When this overcharge is paid
back these growers may get 30 cents a box.
There might be better figures if the fruit
could be held back, but that feather tip on
Jack Frost’s wing seems like a mighty
storm cloud when you need the money and
the fruit is ready to go. I should consider
it a wicked thing for a land boomer to ad¬
vise a northern man to plant an orange
grove north of Tampa. He might get it
through and raise a crop, but it would be
a gamble with nature, and when he did get
the fruit the middlemen would get him.
With the millions of orange trees now being
planted in California, Texas, Porto Itico and
Cuba, as well as in Southern Florida. I can
see no future for the industry above Tampa.
There are other things which will do better.
You can learn what they are by going into
any grocery store in Florida and noticing
how much of the food sold there is brought
from the North. We shall get to this part
of it when we find that cow.
For we 'did finally get her. I intended to
have old Frank clipped in this town, but as
usual iu this happy land, that proved to
be a job for “some other day.” A gentle
rain or thick mist' had begun to fall, and
we put Frank under a shed. Then Uncle
Ed came to me in some excitement. “Not
a word,” he said, “I’ve heard of a gallon
and a half cow.” Then I retired from the
front. I can't stand with one foot upon a
box and talk half an hour before coming
to the point. Uncle Ed beats me at that,
so he went ahead. I was to play the part
of critic and find fault with the cow when
it came to figures. I wish I could give a
picture showing Uncle Ed arguing first with
a woman and then with her husband about
that cow. I felt sure they were telling
him she was a purebred Jersey and had
her milk record up to “two gallons.” I
watched it from a distance until Uncle Ed
actually rode away with tin; man in an
automobile which whirled around the corner
and threw a shower of sand in my direc¬
tion.
While I was waiting for the verdict 1
wish I could have had you there to view
that typical Florida scene. The town rose
gently away from the blue lake. The
streets are pure sand double the width
of our northern streets, and in the center
of most of them stand great trees covered
with hanging moss. The roadway winds
round among these trees and when the sun
is showing it seems like a glimpse into
fairvland to look from any street corner.
Now and then a northern visitor bringing
back his wasted health in the Florida air
walks by with the qniek nervous step which
has become an unbreakable habit. For the
most part, however, people walk with slow,
aimless steps, as if the foot were sure to
fall somewhere and that being secure little
else matters. Three colored boys are play¬
ing ball in the sand. A few cows and hogs
wander about the streets. One cow has
found a place where the barbed wires are
charitable, and she is at an orange tree.
I see her reach up, pick an orange and chew
it down, skin and all, in calm contentment.
The lake stretches away blue and clear, with
green shores and woods sweeping back from
it. It is a picture of peace and balm of
mind. Nestling here by its quiet lake what
does this village care for the struggle and
roar of the northern city? Many of those
who live here are veterans who served in
the business fight and are here to forget
it
But I did not forget the cow. Soon
Uncle Ed came back and led me down a
street until we came to a sort of public
square. Here were some half dozen cows
and a young bull — apparently the bovine
population of the town. Most of them
carried cow bells on a strap at the neck.
There were apparently no pastures — the
cows wandered through the streets picking
up what they could find a sucked orange,
a mouthful of Southern moss, or whatever
happened in their way. The bull was
proudly mentioned as a “purebred Jersey”
but he could not fit the papers. He was a
silver grey with good hind quarters and tail,
but no Jersey ever had such neck or horns.
They came out of the woods ! The cow
in question was a grade Jersey of fair size
and shape. No one knew when she would
be fresh. She looked as if she were giving
about four quarts. She looked like a fair
animal, the gamble in this case being how
much milk you could get out of her. At
any rate she was a coic and the best bar¬
gain I had yet seen. H. w. c.
km
'a 15 YEAR OLD DO Y
CAN OPERATE IT
How to Make a
Home Beautiful
Coat your walls with Muresco, and you will be
surprised at the beauty of the result.
Muresco can be applied over smooth hard plaster,
or over hardwood or metal. Its cost is small.
MURESCO
The Best Wall Finish
Muresco comes in many tints. We supply stencils for decor¬
ative effects.
Ask your dealer for M uresco, or write u* for literature.
Moore’s When buying paint, be sure that you get
„ ~ , Moore’s House Colors. They are econom-
House Colors jcai anci durable. MOORE’S Paints and
Varnishes for every purpose.
BENJAMIN MOORE & CO.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Cleveland, O.
Chicago. Ill. Carteret, N. J.
Toronto, Can.
One Man Can Make 300 to 600 Perfect Tile a Day
FARMERS’ CEMENT TILE MACHINE
at a cost of $3 to $5 per 1060. The only farm tile machine that does not
require hand tamping ; the only farmers’ machine operated by eith¬
er hand or power. Machine makes 3, 4,5, 6 and 8 inch tile, 12)4 inches
long. Our Patented Wafer-Proot FLEXIBLE CASING holds tile in perfect
shape till set. No Pallets. If after (A 71 ft VC^ FDCC TPIAI
10 days’ trial it does not meet !U URI V rlr.EE E IIImL
with entire satisfaction, return at our expense. The price of the ma¬
chine will he saved in making your first 2000 tile. Can Yon Afford to Be
Without It? Write today for illustrated catalogue.
FARMERS' CEMENT TILE MACHINE CO.,
Box OOl St. Johns, Michigan.
Three Soils That Need Lime
Sour — Dense and Compact— Loose and Porous
EH LAND L.mE
A High Calcium Lime in Powder Form
Shipped in 100-lb. bags, ready to apply or will keep until you are ready.
Most dealers carry it in stock; if yours does not, please write ns.
Our free booklet, “Liming the Land,” tells about the when, where and how Of liming.
ItOCKLAN D-1KX K POUT UME CO.
Boston, S4 Milk St. Iloekland, Ale. New York, Fifth Aye. Bldg;
M5
PER ACRE and up; easy payments. Productive soil, mild climate
fine water, good roads, close markets, unsurpassed school and social ad
vantages. Write for beautiful illustrated Quarterly, other att.rac-
I tive literature and cheap excursion ratr s. F. H. LaBaume, Ag’l Agt.,
Norfolk & Western Railway, Box 2047, Roanoke, Va.
,1251* TEAR LY RAINFALL 45 INCHES!!
NO
The Dickelman
Manufacturing Co,
62 Gormley St.
FOREST. OHIO A
- i \
IS
Guaranteed for 15 Years —
again.
No More Roof Expense
When you use Dickelman Extra— your roof troubles are over. Our 15-year guaranty —
stamped on every roll — and given to you in black and white protects you absolutely. It
simply means that you will have no more roof expense — no more roof troubles — for at
least 15 years after the date you purchase. Most
likely you will never have to roof the same building
in.
DICKELMAN EXTRA
Galvanized Metal Roofing
We guarantee it for 15 years, but know it will last twice that long.
We know that our roofing which was put up 25 years ago is still in excellent
condition— and should last 25 years longer. We do not simply tell you or promise
you our roofing will last for 15 years — we guarantee it. Ask your dealer about
DICKELMAN EXTRA. If he doesn’t sell it, write us at once for sample and
our valuable roofing book — sent prepaid. Know why we can guarantee our roofing
for 15 years while others make vague promises that mean nothing.
The secret of the durability of Dickelman Extra lies in the wonderful system
of galvanizing — and the high quality of the materials used. The metal sheet we
use for a base is made by a special process whicfl leaves it tough— yet pliable
and open-grained. So the galvanizing material fills up the “pores”— and actu¬
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1 — scaling — wearing or rusting off.
Send
Now for
Sample
Get our book—
and sample, to
you can test it
to know for
yourself its su¬
periority.
#
1911
2oa
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
Ruralisms
GARDEN NOTES.
Rhubarb. — In conjunction with fruit
growing, we have been accustomed to
raise about 1,000 hills of rhubarb and
have uniformly found it second to no
other crop in profit on our local market.
The first of it sells at 50 cents the dozen
bunches, and these bunches are small.
Later the price drops to 40 cents, and
stays there throughout the season, while
the bunches grow larger, longer and
heavier as the stalks reach their full
size. In years when fruit is scarce, the
demand for rhubarb persists from Spring
till frost, and the aggregate of sales
shows that in such years the income
may reach the rate of $1,000 per acre.
The culture of rhubarb is exceedingly
simple, and this low cost of production
adds to the profit of its sales. In the
late Fall the hills are covered with a
mound of stable manure besides a dress¬
ing between the rows. Rhubarb is a
gross feeder , and seems able to endure
unlimited quantities of fertilizer. The
stable manure also furnishes protection
against frost. It also conserves and
stores up heat from the Spring sun
rays, and thus stimulates' growth at that
early date when the market is impa¬
tiently waiting for the first succulent
growth of Spring. If the market justi¬
fies it (and it generally does), a more
business-like system of forcing may be
employed by setting barrels over the
clumps. These exclude the cold and
concentrate heat and the heads may be
kept off or on according to weather con¬
ditions. Up till very late years rhubarb
was one of the few fruits and vegetables
that was immune from the attacks of in¬
sects and diseases. Quite recently, how¬
ever, in southern Illinois, where it is
largely grown for Northern city markets,
it has become a victim to a peculiar form
of root rot that originally developed on
certain weeds. The scientists of the ex;
periment station appealed to, had to con¬
fess themselves powerless. The result
is that it is recognized as a precarious
crop and has been abandoned by many
growers. Here no sign of disease ever
presented itself till last year, when quite
universally, so far as 1 can hear, the
plants died out during the latter part of
the Summer. Before 1 heard of the root
rot, I had presumed that some abnormal¬
ity in the season was responsible. From
about the first of June there were seven
weeks of rain, followed by a long
drought.
Seedlings Versus Piece Roots. — A
nice question of morals has lately pre¬
sented itself. So far as my experience
has reached, a rhubarb root for planting
has meant a divided root, containing one
or more eyes. No other sort has ever
come under my notice. When, however,
I made my order last Fall from a cata¬
logue that listed Linnaeus and Victoria
at so much per root, and sent a check
for 1,000 Linnaeus, I was more than sur¬
prised on receiving a small sackful of
seedling roots. My impression was that
seedling roots did not come true to
name, and therefore could not properly
be sent out to represent a distinct va¬
riety. On looking around for evidence,
I quite incidentally met a large grower
of southern Illinois who told me lie had
been sent seedling roots by an Eastern
firm, enough for four acres, and that
he considered himself out $500 by the
deal. His judgment was that seedling
plants were not worth planting. Look¬
ing further, I found an Arkansas bulletin
that said not more than 1-15 of seedling
plants came true to name. An Arkan¬
sas firm dealing in roots, wrote me on
inquiry that they never sent out seedling
roots as they were quite unreliable and
worth much less than piece roots. A
horticulturist of national reputation
rwrote me that he used seedlings for his
own garden and secured good plants by
selecting only those whose leaves and
-stems showed fine quality, discarding all
others. A writer in the January “Mar¬
ket Growers’ Journal” on rhubarb culture
says : ‘‘Seedling plants are variable.
Many of them produce weak or spind¬
ling leaves.” This seemed to establish
my position pretty thoroughly, so I have
returned the seedling roots to the ship¬
pers and bought 1,000 piece roots from
a grower nearer home. On delivery these
weighed 200 pounds and filled a sugar
barrel heaping- full. The seedling roots
might have weighed as much as 50
pounds, and would not have made more
than one-fifth the bulk. The import of
all this is that when you are ordering
rhubarb, be sure to specify whether you
want piece or seedling roots. For my
part I do not see how a dealer can hon¬
estly send out seedlings to fill an order
that specifies a pure variety, such as
Linnaeus or Victoria.
Blight in Seed Potatoes. — Another
question of morals came up some time
ago in regard to seed potatoes. A friend
had gone to great care and expense in
fitting a 12-acre field for potatoes. The
ground was broken by three draft horses
pulling a plow 12 inches deep. The
after preparation was thorough, and the
field looked in as perfect order as it was
possible to fit it. Resolved on a com¬
plete change of seed and won over by
some glowing stories of big yields in
New York State, he sent for so many
barrels. They arrived in good order, but
counting cost and freight they stood him
a tidy sum. The tubers were cut to one
eye and the result of the planting was a
wellnigh perfect stand. Everything
looked most propitious. No finer looking
field of potatoes was ever seen in this
neighborhood. Growth and cultivation
kept pace with each other. The coming
crop was prized beyond measure because
it was relied on to pay off a pressing
load of debt. That 12 acres of potatoes,
which should net at least 2,000 bushels,
was to be a mortgage lifter. It was
literally fraught with destiny. But man
proposes only. On the Fourth of July
inspection revealed small areas with
some affection of the leaves. These areas
extended until they covered the field.
Then the stunning realization came. It
was the blight. Its recognition was
slow, because it had never been seen or
even heard of in this region. Instead
of 2,000 bushels there were 300 or 400,
and not a cent to put on the debt. The
ultimate result was the loss of the farm
and a change of habitation on the part
of the owner that had far-reaching re¬
sults on his life. Where did that blight
come from, the first and last ever seen
seen here? From those seed potatoes,
of course. That will hardly be disputed.
The shipper (the grower of them) must
have known they were from an infected
field. They were shipped to an innocent
party with results most momentous. In
a large measure they became the arbi¬
ters of a human life. The import of this
little story is that unless you are pre¬
pared to spray your potatoes for the.
blight and fight it from the start, it
would be wise to demand assurances
that there had been no blight among
the seed potatoes. l. r. Johnson.
Cape Girardeau Co., Mo.
R. N.-Y. — But where can you go to be
sure of such seed?
THE HAMILTON RESERVOIR
ORCHARD
HEATER
Positively
the most
effective
heater be¬
cause of its
REGULATED
FIRE. Many
other points of suneriority.
Write for our RED BOOK on orchard
heating free. Tells you how best to smudge
HAMILTON ORCHARD HEATER CO.. Grand Junction, Coin.
Congo on Fruit-Ohl Bldg.,
Sharon, Pa.
Roofed to Last
With Congo
Here is a building roofed with
Congo 2 ply in 1909.
In 1913 and in 1917 the roof will
require an inexpensive coat of
paint. In 1919 the owner will say
“That roof hasn’t leaked or re¬
quired any special attention during
the whole ten years.”
Tf he can’t say that he can say
“The manufacturers guaranteed
that they would pay for all repairs
and they did.”
That roof cost no more than
roofs that are not guaranteed at all,
but the owner knows he is certain
to get satisfaction. There is in his
safe a Surety Bond issued by the
National Surety Company of New
York making the guarantee easily
enforceable.
Send for sample and copy of
Congo Guaranteed Bond.
UNITED ROOFING & M’F’G CO.
Philadelphia Chicago Kansas City San Francisco
"ONE FOR ALL,” No. J
OCATH TO INSECT* 6 FUNS'
Barrels. 425 „Q5c. per lb1
H Bbls ,200lbs...r _ C5H * /
100
. . ~.v:r.™-.06>4\ «
25 lb» . -o >-.08 -J
r o. a. New vonn
(Wool Grebe e, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur
^Combined. A Contact and Poison Spray.
;Afi Insecticide & Fungicide.
(Only Thing Needed for all Pests or Fungus.
WRITE FOR BOOKLET.
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
SiMbtiihed 1852
(51 Front StreeC (New York.
SPRA f Acl°pted by the N.Y. State Fruit Growers Ass’n
grnH > IT WILL PAY YOU TO USE EITHER.
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS axdAGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
“* RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
TTr— ■ imurm ari
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
‘‘a square deal.” See guarantee
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
ll'BAYVIEW AVE., JERSEY CITY. N J
WRITE FOR PRICES. CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED^
Your Profit
is determined largely by the
care you take of your or¬
chard. The grower who
sprays his trees thoroughly
with the right material is sure
to have more and better fruit
than the one who does not
spray, or who uses an inferior
material.
Sherwin-Williams
New Process
Arsenate of Lead
is a safe, sure and economical poison.
It contains pure ingredients, rightly
prepared in the correct proportions
by experts and thoroughly tested so
as to insure the foliage against injury
by burning. It is effective, as it con¬
tains the proper amount of arsenic
(combined). Increase your profit
by using S-W New Process Arsenate
of Lead. Send for spray book.
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
G35 Canal Road
Cleveland,
Ohio
The Best Spray Pump
Sprays the tallest fruit trees from the ground.
Special nozzle for grape vines, shrubs, etc.
Sprays quickest and best. Does the work in
half the time and does it thoroughly. Always
ready. Used with bucket, barrel or tank.
Lasts a lifetime. No leathers to dry up, wear
out, of make trouble.
Standard Spray Pump
Warranted for 5 Years. Price $4.00. *
It will not cost you a cent to try it. Our
special offer gives complete details. Write
for it today and we will also send our illus¬
trated circular showing how this pump pays
tor itself many times over the first season.
The Standard Stamping Co.
94 Main Street Marysville. O.
- — - -r
Patented
Oct. 0, 1908
Sent free, “Spraying, a
Profitable Investment."
FRUIT GROWERS FAVORITE SAW
IS THE MOST PRACTICAL TREE PRUNER EVER INVENTED
Because it saves timo ami labor anil is so easy to
handle. It is made with a 15-iueh draw cut blade
and has a 7 or 8 foot handle.
Write today for Descriptive Circular and Prices.
FRUIT GROWERS SAW COMPANY. Scottsville, New York.
KILL ALL TREE PESTS
and fertilize the soil by spraying with
Good’s
Potash Whale Oil Soap No. 3
The surest death to San Jose Scale, fungi, apple scab
and all other enemies to plant life. Contains rich active
fertilizers. Free from any injurious ingredients. Used
and endorsed by State Experimental Stations and
U. 8. Department of Agriculture
60 lbs., $2.60: 100 lbs., $4.60; larger quantities proportion¬
ately less. Write for free “ Manual of Plant Diseases."
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 945 H. Front St.. Philadelphia
DEFEND YOUR FRUIT TREES
Flom San Jose Scnlo ami fungus
diaousen with a Defender Sprayer.
Powerful two-line Hpraxing ap¬
paratus Made of ht'A&a; perfect
construction. Quickly attached
to barrel ; easy working. Saves
time, labor and fruit. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed.
Descriptive circular and price
list free. Write today.
C. S. HARDER,
Box 76, Catskill, N. Y.
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND
IS THE CHEAPEST AHD BEST. IT HAS NO SUPERIOR.
SURE CURE FOR SAH JOSE SCALE.
Buy direct from the manufacturer anil save money
Spraying Compound ready to mix with water. One
: gallon of Spraying compound will make from Bixteon to
twenty gallons of Hpray.
Terms:— In bbl. lots (50 gal.) 30c. per gal.
We would refer you to J. 11. Hale, the Peach King, or
Prof. .Jarvis of the Connecticut Agricultural College.
They will tell you there is nothing better.
THE J. T. ROBERTSON CO., BOX R, MANCHESTER, CONN.
that I
apples
“ I HAVE SO LITTLE FUNGUS
to “p* mV fruij with Bordeaux/* says# Mr. Geo. T. Powell of Ghent, N. Y.. a grower of fancy
l 1 have less scale and finer foliage than ever before/* REASON : Six years consecutive use of
tt
SCALEC1DE
cheaper, more effective and easier to apply than Lime-Sulphur. Send for Booklets, “ Orchard Dividends." and
'Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing Apples." Both free.
PPIPCQ ■ In barrels and*half barrels, 50c. per gallon ; 10 gallon
rniUH ■ cans, $6.00 ; 5 gallon cans, $3.25; 1 gallon cans. $1.00
If you want cheap oils, our “ CARBOLEINE ’ ’ at 30c. per gallon is the equal of anything else.
B- <4. PltATT CO., MFG. CHEMISTS, 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY
'with
the
Empire King.
CDDAY
SflA H He who attempts to grow fruits without a Sprayer is haudi-
^ capped. Blight and bugs, rot and rust, mold and mildew, all
y * conspire to damage the crop, and in all cases sacceed if the farmer does
not spray. This is theonly hand pump having automatic agitator and brush fur clean-
tng strainer. Valuable book of instruction free. FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., (2 lllH Si.. ELM!**. N.
Look at the H. P.
Spramotor spraying an acre
ot‘ potatoes in fifteen min¬
utes. There are three noz¬
zles to a row and four rows,
two spraying from the aides
and one from the top. Ad¬
justable as to height and
width up to 40-inch rows.
Absolutely non-clogging noz¬
zles. 12-gallon air tank, au¬
tomatic and hand controlled.
1*25 lbs. pressure guaranteed
with 12 nozzles open. Has
agitator clean-out pressure
relief into tank, and nozzle
protector, all under control
of driver from seat. For one
or two horses. Fitted for
orchards, vineyards and
grain. Write for booklet.
E. H. HEARD, 1325 ERIE STREET, BUFFALO, N. Y.
204
February 18,
%
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Home*.
Established, 1850.
Pabtliked weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, Hew Xork.
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Roylk, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or 8 marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timi
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash must accompany transient orders.
“A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertisingin ourcolumns, and any such swindlerwill be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but wedo not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New- Yorker when
writing the advertiser. ;
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
Next week we shall print an article on Hairy
vetch, which is the baldest statement of fact we can
get about this remarkable plant.
*
While the hen and cow men are doing their pre¬
liminary talking, let us consider that Michigan man
(page 199) who dug 105 bushels of potatoes in eight
hours with a hand fork. He helped pick them up, too.
This man seems to be right in his proper place as
superintendent of a manual training school. The
manufacturers of potato diggers would have a form
of argument in applying for an injunction to prevent
this man’s pupils from digging potatoes.
*
There will be a notable fruit growers’ meeting at
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., February 23-24. It is the eastern
meeting of the New York State Fruit Growers’ As¬
sociation, and a fine programme is being prepared.
There should be a turn-out of at least 1,000 fruit grow¬
ers from the Hudson Valley. It is very desirable
that men who are actually engaged in the business
of raising fruit should go to such meetings and give
them a practical, business-like character. There will
be a banquet on the evening of February 23, and it
promises to be one of the great features of the meet-
ing.
Thus far we understand no word has been received
from Mr. Henry A. C. Taylor about another test for
those Guernsey cows mentioned on page 104. Per¬
haps he is waiting until the cows are ready for such
a test. Of course Mr. Taylor must realize that no
one can get cream out of an injunction any more than
you can get blood from a turnip. A judge of the Su¬
preme Court may make a record in ink, but milk
and butter fat are required to make it worth while.
The brand of the question mark will haunt that record
until the cows come home unless Missy and Glen-
anaar are made to “come back.” Mr. Taylor must
recognize this, and no doubt the cows are now tuning
up for another test !
The plight of E. G. Lewis ought to be a warning
to his kind. Gifted by nature and qualified by educa¬
tion to earn his own living he chose to devote his
talents to the task of gathering to himself the fruit
of other people’s labors. The schemes devised for
this end have been pretty well illuminated in this
paper, and now they have become the subject of in¬
quiry by the Federal Government. Conscious of the
revelations that an examination of his records will
disclose, he is tied hand and foot in the meshes, of a
net of his own weaving. Every effort that he makes
to extricate himself from one position serves but to
entangle him the more in the general mess. In this
situation he exhausts his impotent rage at The R.
N.-Y. which exposed his schemes, and hurls impudent
defiance at the Federal Government which seeks re¬
dress for the complaining people. His offer to pay
his $500 note, with nearly six years’ interest in full,
if Mr. White of Ohio would swear to a damaging
statement against The R. N.-Y. reveals something of
his desperate straits. Unable to get the affidavit want¬
ed and prepared by himself, he was willing to pay
one year’s interest for a statement which means only
that we refused to accept his promises in lieu of cash.
It is with such evidence coupled with lying state¬
ments, disproved by written evidence, that he hopes
to ward off an inquiry of his fake schemes. Accord¬
ing to his theory it is a crime for us to doubt his
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER;
promises; and a virtue for him to repudiate an honest
debt. That kind of argument may go with his “eman¬
cipated womanhood,” but it is not convincing to grand
juries. If Mr. Lewis will return the money he got
from our people and stop collecting more, we will
soon forget him, and may God and the Government
forgive him. The Government alleges the represen- ‘
tations he made to get money from country people in
he past were not true; he is making more represen¬
tations to get more money now. The Government
asks to be shown if these representations are true.
He refuses the information. It is up to the Govern¬
ment to find out. Lewis thinks he can shoo United
States officials off like a flock of hens with the waving
of a few aprons. We’ll see!
*
CANADIAN “RECIPROCITY.”
No. I. :
Mr. Brigham’s letter oil page' 199 is a calm and
fair statement of the way northern and eastern farm¬
ers regard Canadian reciprocity. We believe this feel¬
ing is shared by a large majority of our thinking
farmers. The tariff system has been kept on its feet
for more than 40 years by our northern farmers. It
has been a case of political bunko game, but the
farmers stood by it and' made our high tariff possible.
In his “Tariff History of the United States,” Prof.
Taussig says of the tariff bill of 1883 :
The duties on agricultural products were left unchanged
in order to maintain the fiction that the agricultural pop¬
ulation secured through them a share of the benefits of
protection.
At that time it was a fiction, but farmers reasoned
that a tariff on wheat or corn actually compensated
for high tariffs on steel, lumber and dozens of other
necessities. They have seen the protected “industries”
import cheap foreign labor freely and form combina¬
tions of monopoly. And ail through this the railroads
and other handlers were obtaining 65 cents of the
consumer’s dollar! No one will now pretend to dis¬
pute the fact that these things would have been im¬
possible had not the farmers of the Eastern and
Northern States continued to vote in large majority
for high tariffs. They will now see how they are to
be rewarded. Practically the only direct protection
which the tariff has ever given to farmers is that
which prevents free imports of food from Canada.
The rest has been political buncombe or pap for so-
called infant industries. It is a most remarkable thing
that the farmers have gone on taking 35 cents of the
consumer’s dollar and paying over $1.35 for the dol¬
lar’s worth of manufactured goods.
As Mr. Brigham points out, farm lands and farm
homes in the East were cheapened and broken by the
government’s policy of giving away the western lands
or selling them at a low price. Our farmers have
faced this hard competition for 40 years and more.
Following 'natural law, with increase of population and
falling away of western fertility the eastern farm was
coming back to its own. There was hope in the fu¬
ture with a chance for fair prices in our own markets.
Under similar conditions our manufacturers and the
railroads would have demanded protection and gov¬
ernment support and would have received it. Not so
with our farmers. Just as soon as fair opportunity
appears it is to be killed. Under the proposed “re¬
ciprocity” with Canada our eastern farmers lose the
last shred of direct benefit which the tariff ever gave
them, and gain absolutely nothing in exchange. Had
any other industry been treated in this way there
would have been in Washington within 24 hours a
lobby with $1,000,000 if need be to prevent such legis¬
lation. The unorganized farmers have no one to take
up their battle for them. Now it was sure that this
situation over the tariff had to come to a head. As
we have pointed out, our northern farmers are re¬
sponsible for much of it, first by enabling the high
tariff principle to live and grow, and now through a
lack of organization which would enable them to
influence Congress. It is thus no longer a political
question, but one of agriculture, and we shall discuss
it in a few articles from the standpoint of a farmer.
*
In all this discussion of the methods of horse com¬
panies in selling stallions nothing is said against the
great advantage in having a fine stallion in the neigh¬
borhood. The outlook for good horses is excellent,
and farmers can make no mistake in breeding suitable
mares to the best stallions they can find. But this
method of buying is like putting up a creamery and
paying a creamery shark about twice what the outfit is
worth. The “company” plan, as described by Mr.
Morse, means paying far more than a good horse could
be bought for cash, and running the risk that a few
responsible farmers will be finally forced to pay the
entire amount. The improved horse - business is all
right. As for the “horse company” we have yet to
be shown.
The horse story by J. Grant Morse ought to be inter¬
esting to all readers of The R. N.-Y. Most people let the
other fellow learn for himself, but the experience given in
this story ought to help abolish selfishness and preach
brotherhood and fellowship. o. m. b.
Pennsylvania.
That is right. The time has come when farmers
must get together in every way. One thing is to pass
information along. This horse story, stories of the
work done by creamery sharks and- dozens of other
schemes where fanners are led to sign contracts
ought to be made public. We do not want them pub¬
lished simply in a desire to “get square,” but we want
the broader view of business education. Farmers
sign too many contracts with strangers. They will
probably keep on doing it until the results are made
so clear that anyone can understand what is coming.
It shows good public spirit for a man to come forward
and give the facts. In ‘addition to the notes printed
this week, we have heard from about 20 people who
went into these horse-buying companies. • In not one
case did the horse pay, and Usually a few responsible
farmers had to foot the -bills and meet the notes. The
R. N.-Y. is here to spread the truth about such deals.
♦
The man who comes forward and pushes this plan
of parcels post to a finish will be the next President!
That is what our friend Grant Hitchings tells his
Congressman on page 194. He gets it about right.
The man who won the fight for parcels post
would prove himself the best friend that the people
now have in public life. He would prove that he is
not afraid of the express companies, the railroads or
the great army of grafters and leeches who know they
would be put out of useless or illegitimate jobs by a
fair parcels post. The victory of such a man would
prove that these big influences cannot kill him off.
The people want this unkillable and unquenchable
vigor of the human bulldog, and they would surely
put him in the White House. If you think the next
President of this country will not have to stand up
and “speak for it” you would better guess once more.
*
Last year we had a series of articles on a milk
commission for New York city. The milk situation
here is such that actual demand and supply have little
to do with price. The dealers are able to control the
milk so that they charge what they please and give
the producers what they think best. There is at pres¬
ent no redress. Milk cannot be held back like meat
or grain. It must be sold and used at once. Pro¬
ducers have not been able to control the supply, and
with half a dozen States within reach of this island
such control is not at present likely. It is impossible,
under laws now in force, to break up the combination
of milk dealers. They simply form a “gentlemen’s
agreement” or verbal understanding under which they
fix prices. There being no written contract the law
cannot touch them, and they can do as they see fit.
The result is they hold up the consumer and pay
the farmer less than the cost of producing milk. A
bill has been introduced at Albany to remedy this
..by a milk commission of three members to be ap¬
pointed by the Governor. These commissioners are
to “regulate and control the milk traffic” in New
York, Buffalo and Rochester. They would have
power to fix standards for quality and purity, and fix
the price that can be asked or demanded. We shall
give the details of this bill later. The principles of
this form of regulation are up for discussion. As a
rule we have too many commissions. Some of them
will make a nice roosting place for political hacks, yet
there are cases where strong and energetic men could
make a commission worth while. In this milk situa¬
tion they could, if they had real power and wanted
to do so, put the milk trust out of business. We have
waited long years for any other practical way of
doing it.
BREVITIES.
The Himalaya blackberry will not stand the frost. It
Is, among fruits, worse thafl the non-layer among hens.
Remember that the best egg the hen man can have is
the “nest egg” laid aside for a rainy day — or an attack
of cholera or roup.
That description of the horse sale by Mr. Morse has
called out a whole volume of comment. The scheme has
been worked for years.
Is Spring on the way? Peach trees were in bloom
January 30 in Texas and Florida, and maple sap had be¬
gun to run in southern Ohio.
We are asked to tell what the “laugh and grow fat hog
pasture” may be. In the Horticultural Number you will
find some mixtures that will make any hog happy and
fat — if you sow them.
“The ground hog?” We like that form of ground hog
known as sausage. It goes well with a pile of buckwheat
cakes. We wish you such health that when you finish
such a tueal there will not be enough left to cast a shadow.
Our correspondent John M. Jamison of Ohio, last season
explained iu detail his plan of working Alfalfa with a
sharp pointed spring-tooth harrow. A manufacturing firm
will now put out a harrow carrying such teeth. A good
move !
1911.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
tm
Home Lovers’ Bargain Book
Picturing' 3,000 Housefurnishing's Bought at Tremendous Reductions
Terms — Cash or Credit
No Extra Price if You Wish to Pay as Convenient
High-grade 9x12 ft. rug bargains
bought at auction from the larges!
manufacturer in the United States.
A saving of 30 per cent is guaran¬
teed on every rug. All patterns and
colors. Jiargain prices as follows :
Tapestry Brussels Rugs,
9x12 ft . Si 1.95 up
Velvet Rugs, 9x12 ft . 13.95 up
Axminster Rugs, 9x12 ft _ 17.50 up
Cash or Credit
No. 28X845— Bargain Turkish
Couch. Full size, upholstered in
guaranteed steel construction and
covered in finest figured velour. Mas¬
sive carved solid oak claw-i
foot frame, Special cut price1
Cash or Credit
$.45
No. NX 1295
— Solid Quar-
t e r-S n w e d
Oak- Library
Table Bar¬
gain . 1,200
bought from
a manufac¬
turer who
required
ready cash.
Best con¬
struction,
beautiful¬
ly finish© d
and handsomely carved. Top is 42x28 inches. Wo
save you at least -one-third on this table. qp
Great bargain cut price . . . vlZ.zJ
Cash or Credit
No. 16X1035
— C o 1 o n i a 1
Pedestal Din¬
ing Table Bar¬
gain. Solid
oak, golden finish,
42-inch top, heavy
pedestal, carved
legs and claw feet.
We control the
factory making
this table, hence
the low a
prico of vlv.vv
Cash or Credit
No. 4X1095
— BentGlass
C h i
Closet
Rain,
solid
finish,
n a
Bar-
All
oak, golden
with richly
carved top and claw
feet. 900 bought
from a bankrupt
manufacturer. Reg¬
ular price, $10.00.
Bankrupt a, a ap
sale prico vlo.;7v
Cash or Credit
Cash or Credit
No. 27X1795
— Drop Head,
Light Running
Sewing Ma¬
chine Bargain.
Made for us
under special
contract by the
most f a in o u s
manufac-
turer of sowing
machines in the
world. Regular
agent’s prico,
$35.00. Our
contract bar-
No. AX 335-
Roll Seat Ameri¬
can Qua r ter-
Sawed Rocker
Bargain. Extra
large broad back
and deop rolling
seat, Cash ad¬
vanced to the man¬
ufacturer, who re-
qu i rod money,
makes this bar¬
gain price possi¬
ble. Our special
cut *4 -5C
price v*3- oD
Cash or Credit
No. 15X495-
Art Metal Bed
Bargain. The
newest 1911 de¬
sign, A wonder-
fuly beautiful
bed, made in our
own factory,
The panels are
richly decorat¬
ed. Pillars aro
1*8 inches in di¬
ameter, Comes
in all sizes and
colors. Bargain
factory qc
price. vT. 70
Cash or Credit
No. AX 79-
Dining Chair
Bargain. Made
of seasoned rock
elm, strongly
built and finish¬
ed in golden oak.
Has carved
braced back and
heavily turned
spindles. Com¬
pare this chair
with others sold
at$1.25. Bargain
cu- 7 Qp
price . . . , ‘ “C
Cash or Credit
No. 30X1820-
SteelRange Bargain-
Made in our famous
Empirefactory, One
of the grandest
ranges ever built,
Wo guarantees sav¬
ing of at least one-
third on all stoves
soldbyus.Thisstyle,
bargain a.q
price from vlo.ZU
up, according to size.
Cash or Credit
No.I,X485-Eng-
lish FoldingGo-Oart
Bargain. Newest 1911
design. VVetakethe
factory output at a
specially low price.
Has steel frame, fab-
ricord leatheruphol-
Stering and large
rubber tires. The
best collapsible go-
cart on the market,
Factory bar- or
gain price . ,sr*-0»J
Cash or Credit
No. 4X1195-
Astoundiiig Com¬
bination Bookcase
Bargain. Solid
oak, golden finish,
heavily carved.
Has French plate
mirror, largo writ¬
ing space, drawer
and cabinet. Is71
inches high and
38 inches wide.
Dealer’s piriee,
$10.50. Our bargain
So... $11.95
Cash or Credit
No. 50X435— Tufted
Back, Upholstered
Rocker bargain. We
bought 9,200 at actual
factory cost price for
spot cash from a manu¬
facturer who required
immediate money. This
is a beautiful rocker,
upholstered in guar-
a u t e e d fabricord
leather. The American
Quarter -sawed oak
rame is finely finished
and handsomely carved.
A great bargain. Fac- c*/! "3C
tory bargain price .
Cash or Credit
No. 33X1595—
Extra Special
Side-board Bar¬
gain. One of the
greatest bargains
we ever had. All
solid oak, beauti-
fully carved,
richly finished.
Base is 45x22
inches; mirror
24x16 inches. This
is a great snap at
our bargain
price
of.
Cash or Credit
$15.95
No. 3X795—
Housewife's
Kitchen
Cabinet Bar¬
gain. Made in
our own fac¬
tory. Construc¬
tion and finish
superior to any
on the market.
Base is 44x26
inches. Total
height, 61
inches. A won¬
derful time sav¬
er in the kitch¬
en. Factory
bargain qc
price. . . vl • 70
Cash or Credit
3000 Other
Bargains in
Furniture Silverware
Carpets Chinaware
Rugs Graphophones
Draperies Washing Machines
Stoves Sewing Machines
Ranges Baby Cabs
Pianos Lamps and Clocks
Cash or Credit
No Difference in Price
No. 28X395
— D r a g o n
I Head Mor¬
ris C ha i r
Ba rga in.
Bought
from a re-
ceiver’ssale.
A bout 2, 100
on hand. All
solid oak,
carved front
posts and
upholstered
in imitation
leather. Ad¬
justable
back. Receiver's -5 q r
sale price . 3
Cash or Credit
No. NX190
-2, 300 Bar¬
gain Cent
er Tables,
Solid
qu artor
s a w e c
oak, 28-iu
s h a p e i
top. Shap
ed shelf
andheavi
ly turned
legs
Bought at
a reeeiv
er’s sale
and offered while they last at the
bargain price of $1.90 with
brass feet, or with wood feet
Cash or Credit
1.45
No. 16X1895— Gold Medal Din¬
ing Table Bargain, The most
handsome table ever designed.
Very massive, beautifully carved
and made of selected solid oak,
finely finished. Top is 45 inches
in diameter. 600 tablos bought
from an overstocked manufac¬
turer at cost enables us to offer
these tallies at the re- qc
markable bargain price o tv I0.7D
Cash or Credit
SPIEGEL, MAY. STERN CO. 1382 35th St., Chicago, III.
K a 1 n qc
pric e
Our newest Bargain Bo6k is ready— the
best we ever issued. It pictures 3,000 things
in Furniture, Carpets and everything else
that you want for the home. Every article in
it was bought for some reason way below the
usual price.
Two months ago many furniture makers
were heavily overloaded. Buying had almost
stopped because dealers felt that prices must
come down. Borne of the makers were in bad
financial straits.
We wont to those makers with a million
dollars in cash, and we offered to buy all they
had to sell, but only at enormous reductions.
They could not cut their prices to dealers,
but they could unload onus. The result is
such an array of bargains as we have not had
for years.
Bo we got out this new Bargain Book. And
we want every customer, old and new, to have1
a copy of it. There are 3,000 separate liar-
gains in it. Some of the prices are half what
dealers charge. Every article is sold for less
than anybody else can sell it. That we guar¬
antee.
There has not been in five years such a
great opportunity to furnish up the home.
Pay as Convenient
If you see something you want there is no
need to pay cash down. We will open an ac¬
count and you can pay as convenient. Over
600,000 people have such accounts with us
now.
e allow from 8 to 16 months to pay — a
little each month. Credit prices are exactly
the same as for cash. There is no interest, no
security, no red tape or publicity. W e gladly
trust people who liny things for their homes.
W e are glad to open charge accounts.
A Month’s Trial
Everything is sent on approval. You can
use the article a month before even deciding
to buy it. If you don’t like your bargain you
can return it and we will pay freight both
ways.
That is one great advantage of a charge ac¬
count. \ ou can have things sent on approval.
You don’t need to buy things unseen.
Bargain Book Free
We want every housewife to have this new Bar¬
gain Book. See the 3.000 pictures of things for the
home, and note how much we can save you while
these bargains last.
We have issued many Bargain Books, hut never
one which had so many unusual prices asthis. Many
of these prices appear to he less than the actual cost
ofnmking. You will find them intensely interesting.
This big Bargain Book— size 11x17 inches— is mailed
free. Send no money, no stamps. Simply cut out
this coupon and send it to us with your name and
your address. Do this now before you forgetit, for
you don't want to miss this book.
SPIEGEL.MAY, STERN CO.
1382 35th Street Chicago, Ill.
Cut Out This Coupon
Spiegel, May, Stern Co.
1382 35th Street, Chicago
CD Mail me the Bargain Book.
□ Mail me the Stove Catalog.
Name.
Post Office .
State .
I am particularly interested in
Name article you most desire
209
February 18,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
FRIENDS IN PARADISE.
They are all gone into the world of light !
And I alone sit lingering here ;
Their very memory is fair and bright,
And my sad thoughts doth clear :
It glows and glitters in my cloudy breast,
Like stars upon some gloomy grove,
Or those faint beams in which this hill is
drest.
After the sun’s remove.
I see them walking in an air of glory,
Whose light doth trample on my days :
My days, which axx* at best but dull and
hoary.
Mere glimmering and decays.
O holy Hope ! and high Humility,
High as the Heavens above !
These are your walks, and you have shew’d
them to me,
To kindle my cold love.
Dear, beauteous Death ! the jewel of the
just,
Shining no where, but in the dark ;
What mysteries do lie beyond thy dust,
Could man outlook that mark !
He that hath found some fledg'd bird's nest,
may know
At first sight, if the bird be flown ;
But what fair well or grove he sings in now,
That is to him unknown.
And yet, as Angels in some brighter
d reams
Call to the soul, when man doth sleep ;
So some strange thoughts transcend our
wonted themes,
And into glory peep.
— Henry Vaughan (1621-1695)
•
It was a day when the parents turned
out in force at the kindergarten, and
the young teacher was putting her pupils
through their little stunts in great form,
says the “Woman’s Journal.”
“And now,” said she, “can any little
boy or girl tell me who made the first
American flag?” A tot in the back row
waved a hand enthusiastically.
“Well, Molly, you may tell.”
And Molly stepped forward, and said
in her clear little voice: “The first
American flag wath made by Betsy
Roosevelt.”
*
Hominy and prunes will make a va¬
riation in breakfast cereals. Soak prunes
over night in cold water, and in the
morning place them over the fire in
fresh water to simmer until tender, not
broken'. In the meantime prepare fine
hominy as follows: Allow one measure
of hominy to four measures of liquid,
using half milk and half water; have the
liquid lxfiling slightly, salt, and then
add the hominy, stirring constantly.
When the' mixture is smooth let it cook
for one hour, or more, if the time can
be spared. When serving, heap the
cereal in the center of a deep dish and
surround with the prunes. Eat with
butter and sugar or rich cream.
*
One of the present fashions is very
useful to an economical person — the
practice of veiling a lace waist with
chiffon or marquisette of the same or a
contrasting color. A white or ecru lace
waist that has lost its freshness may be
treated in this way, using a simple
kimono waist pattern for the veiling.
Some handsome readymade waists are
of this style, the only trimming being
braiding or gimp at the edges of sleeves
and neck. Some of these waists are
made of heavy lace that really suggests
Nottingham curtains, only the veiling
softens the pattern and takes off the
coarseness of mesh. If one has a nice
waist of net and lace such as was in
style two or three years ago, it can be
made very stylish by veiling it with
chiffon or chiffon cloth to match a jacket
suit.
*
It is noticeable that new underwear is
cut with ah eye to the narrow skirts
and slim outline demanded by fashion.
The new white petticoats are of very
fine muslin, fitted smoothly over 'the
hips, and free from stiffening. The
flounces , are usually shaped so as to fit
smoothly on to the skirt, flaring only
'pHE RURAL NEW -YORKER
into a gentle ripple instead of fluffy
fullness. The majority of the silk skirts
are of messaline or other soft materials,
and where taffeta is used it is the soft-
finished type. In new nightgowns we
see the influence of the kimono sleeve,
a great many being of the one-piece
style. This is very pretty, and so easy
to make that we dislike the thought of
going back to the troublesome setting
in of sleeves. There is a great increase
in the use of nightgowns with low neck
and short sleeves ; they are much in the
majority. This is a natural result of
well-heated houses, but not a judicious
fashion for a chilly room. However, a
kimono nightgown is so easily ironed -
and so easily made daintily with a small
amount of trimming, that it will long
be popular. If the bedroom is cold, even
a flannelette nightgown may be made
with sufficient care in selection to keep
its color, remain clear through repeated
washings, and fit without clumsy bunchi¬
ness, in addition to being a great com¬
fort to chilly persons.
*
The personal property tax laws have
been abolished, says the “American
Magazine,” by all great nations except
the United States. How this tax may
work, in the case of an honest and
conscientious person who does not even
have the power to vote on the expendi¬
ture of the money wrested from her is
told in one incident related in the Feb¬
ruary issue of the American Magazine .
An Ohio school teacher had saved $1,000
from her earnings, and by advice of a
banker friend, invested it in a railroad bond
paying five per cent. When the assessor
came around, she was quite proud to de¬
clare possession of the bond ; she was a
patriotic soul and willing to stand her
share. The local rate was five and seven-
tenths per cent. She was a little startled
at receiving a tax bill for fifty-seven dollars,
but confident that it was a mere blunder,
she went to the tax office to have it cor¬
rected.
But to her amazement, she found that
the bill was correct — that she was supposed
to pay a tax on her bond of seven dollars
more than the bond had earned. She finally
gathered her wits together sufficiently to
ask what on earth was done with all the
money.
“Well, for one thing,” the assessor said,
urbanely, “we have very . expensive public
institutions to support. There, for instance”
— pointing through .the open window — -
“there is the poor house, a model of its
kind and a credit to the county. We have
to support- that."
“All right,” said the teacher with rising
indignation, “then you can support me in
it. I bought this bond to help keep ' me
independent against the' time when I am
past work ; but if this is what happens, I
give you notice that I am going to sell it
forthwith; and blow in the money on the
one time of my life — and when I'm through,
your model institution can take care of me.”
She sold her bond, went to Europe, en¬
joyed herself hugely until the money was
gone, and has saved nothing since.
head cheese, but many people prefer to
use them separately. Put the meat in
a kettle, cover with cold water, and
bring to a boil, skimming as necessary ;
when it boils hard draw the kettle back
and let it simmer gently until the bones
will slip out easily. Remove bones and
gristle, skim out the meat, removing ex¬
cess of fat, season with pepper, salt and
sage; pack in jars or molds, putting a
plate with a weight on top to press it
down firmly. Serve cold in slices.
Souse is made like head cheese, but is
flavored with vinegar instead of sage,
and is usually sliced and browned in
the frying pan or oven, instead of being
served cold. For scrapple boil the head
(or any other scraps of nice fresh pork
may be used for a small batch) just as
for head cheese. Remove all the bones
and chop fine. Set the broth in which
the meat was boiled aside until cold,
remove the cake of fat from the top, and
return it to the fire. When it boils,
put in the chopped meat and season well
with pepper, salt and sage, or other
herbs if liked. Let boil again, and
thicken, with cornmeal like making or¬
dinary mush, dropping the meal in
slowly to avoid lumps. Cook an hour,
stirring constantly at first, afterwards
drawing it back to boil gently. W hen
done, pour into a long square pan, not
too deep, which should be wetted with
cold water to prevent sticking. When
cold cut in slices and fry brown.
Scrapple will keep for several weeks in
cold weather.
Tell Mrs. E. W. simply to put the
zinc in the stove and the fire will do
the rest. Near the writer’s home are
two chimneys ’JtO and 90 feet high,
which are cleaned with this method
yearly, and to use the engineer’s ex¬
pression, it does the trick “clean as a
whistle.” w. J. R.
From the
Mill
We Pay
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Not a clearance sale of old faded
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Send for free samples and
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immediately relieve coughing spells and hoarse¬
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A FLOOD OF LIGHT F R° C O AL.RQ
Sausage and Head Cheese.
Will you tell me the best method of salt-
lg and curing pork, and of making sausage,
ead cheese, etc. ? R. c. J .
Recipes for curing hams and pork are
iven on next page. The following is a
ested Virginia recipe for sausage: To
very 10 pounds of meat (one-third fat
nd two-thirds lean) use three ounces
if salt, one of black pepper, one-half
lunce of dry sage rubbed fine. Having
11 the ingredients weighed, put a layer
•f the meat cut in strips, sprinkle the
nixed seasoning over it, another layer
if the meat, and more seasoning. Run
h rough the chopper twice. It is a pleas-
nt change to smoke some of the sau-
age, and it keeps, well. Put in small
lags of strong, coarse muslin ; small
alt sac^cs, well washed, may answer.
)lose the bags, and smoke like ham, ac-
:ording to the family taste. When pre-
>aring for the table cut the seam of the
lag to remove it, slice the sausage and
‘ry like ham.
For head cheese, have the bead thor-
nighly cleaned, rejecting refuse, but in-
■luding tongue and ears; after cleaning
et it soak in cold salt water for 10 to
L2 hours. The pigs’ feet may be used in
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1 Big Rocker Bargain
A large, comfortable, solid oak
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Balance Payable 50c Monthly Write For Free Catalog Today
SPEAR & COMPANY, Department 19MM Pitisburg!>Pa.
tdii.
THK RURAt NEW-YORKER
The Rural Patterns.
li ken ordering patterns alivays give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
The narrow seven-gored skirt is a
favorite one. This model can be made
eithei in walking length or round, and
consequently is adapted to both street
or house wear. The habit back is greatly
liked just now, but there are many
women who prefer inverted plaits and
the pattern provides for both. The pat¬
tern is cut in seven gores shaped in
207
6802 Seven Gored Skirt,
22 to 32 waist.
conformity with the latest style. The
closing is made invisibly at the back.
The quantity of material required for
the medium size is 10 yards 24 or 27,
5% yards 44 or 4^4 yards 52 inches wide,
when material has figure or nap, 7J4
yards 24 or 27, 3*4 yards 44 or 3*4
yards 52, when material has neither
figure or nap. The width of the walk¬
ing skirt at the lower edge is 2*4 yards
when made with habit back, 2^4 yards
with inverted plaits. The pattern 6802
is cut in size for a 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and
32 waist measure ; price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures include. 6863,
fancy, waist, 34 to 42 bust. 3^4 yards of
material 24 or 27 inches wide, 2*4 yards
36, 1% yard 44, with yard 18 for
chemisette, % yard 18 and 3 yards of
banding for trimming for medium size.
6894, one-piece blouse for misses and
Curing Hams and Bacon.
We have received so many inquiries
lately as to methods of curing hams
and pickling pork that we have decided
to reprint some tested recipes. If too
late for this season clip them out and
start an “envelope library,” so that
there is no danger of mislaying them.
This is a Virginia method. For cur¬
ing four hams, averaging 12 pounds
each, have ready one and a half gallons
of the best salt, one pound of good
brown sugar, one-eighth pound of pow-
dred saltpetre, one ounce of black pep¬
per and one-half ounce of cayenne. Cut
the joints into proper shapes, without
unnecessary bone and fat, and lay them
on a board or table. First rub the skin
well with salt and lay each joint aside,
then begin over again, and into the
fleshy side of each ham rub two tea¬
spoonfuls of saltpetre and a tablespoon¬
ful of brown 'sugar mixed together.
Rub. the pepper, particularly, about the
hocks and under the bone and give to
the whole ham a good application of
salt. Now pack the hams, one upon an¬
other, the skin side downward, with a
layer of salt between, into a tub or
box, the bottom of which has also been
covered with salt. The process of salt¬
ing will be complete in five weeks. At
the end of that time have ready a peck
of hickory ashes; clean the hams with
a brush or dry cloth and rub them
with the ashes. To smoke the hams the
Joints should be hung from joists be¬
neath the ceiling and a slow, smothered
fire kept up for five or six weeks, so
as to smoke thoroughly, but not over¬
heat the hams. Or, as an excellent sub¬
stitute for this 'process, paint the hams
with a coating of pyroligneous acid, let
them dry and repeat the ’operation.
Wrap each ham in paper and encase it
in a canvas or strong cotton bag.
A simple way to salt bacon and ham in
brine is to rub the meat well with salt,
especially into the exposed ends of
bones, and then pack into a barrel, with
a layer of salt between each piece. Al¬
low the meat to remain thus for 48
hours, then pour over all a brine strong
enough to bear up an egg. Let the meat
remain in pickle six weeks; then smoke.
Molasses pickle is made as follows:
To four quarts of fine salt and two
ounces of pulverized saltpetre add
enough molasses to make a paste. Hang
the bams'-in a cool dry place for three
or four days after cutting up; then
cover with the pickle mixture, thickest
on the flesh side, and lay, them skins
down for three or four days. For 100
pounds of ham make brine in the fol¬
lowing proportion: Seven pounds coarse
salt; two ounces saltpetre; one-half
ounce pearlash ; four gallons soft water.
Heat gradually, removing all scum as it
arises, then cool. Pack the hams in a
barrel, pour the brine over them, and
keep in pickle five to eight weeks, ac¬
cording to size.
Ham, Sugar Cured.— To 50 pounds
of ham or “side bacon” allow three-
pounds of sugar and a pint of molasses,
six pounds of salt, one full tablespoonful
of saleratus and the same of saltpetre.
Cover the bottom of your firkin with
salt (about two pounds). Mix sugar,
molasses, saltpetre, saleratus and the re¬
maining salt into a paste. Rub each
piece thoroughly with this, work it in
well and hard, and pack into the firkin,
the rind downward. Cover all with cold
water — just enough to rise above the
meat. Lay a heavy board on top, weight
it with a stone to keep the meat under
water, and leave it thus for four weeks,
turning the meat and stirring up the
pickle every week. Take out, then wipe,
rub into the pieces as much dry salt and
an equal quantity of sugar as they will
take up; pack in a dry firkin and leave
for 24 hours before sending to the
smokehouse.
readers told us how, in default of other
storage, she kept meat sealed in glass
jars and submerged in the iced tank
where the milk cans were kept. VVho
can help us in this case?
2. Sometimes the ham becomes hard
because of excess of salt in curing, or
because it is smoked too long. The
best place to store ham or bacon is a
dark, dry, cool room. The meat should
be well wrapped in paper, and then
closed^ in a cotton bag, which is hung
up. The -storeroom should have screens
at the windows, so that insects are kept
out. If there is fear of larder beetles,
it is wise to pepper the meat well, before
wrapping up. The sliced bacon put up
by the packers is hermetically sealed,
like a preserve jar, so there should be
no drying out, and if the jar is sterilized
and the meat sliced and packed by ma¬
chine in a place free from mold spores,
there should be no molding. Of course
the meat is kept in an even temperature.
As the season is approaching when ham
and bacon must be stored for 'Summer
use, advice from those with practical
experience would be helpful to others.
Carrot Marmalade.
I would like the carrot marmalade recipe
mentioned in the article written by
“Martha’s Niece” on “Aunt Martha’s En¬
velope Diary. Would you inform me how
I can obtain it? h. m. b.
1. “Wash and boil until tender four
pounds of young carrots, drain and peel,
then press them through a colander, put
them into a porcelain-lined kettle with
two pounds of sugar and a pint of
water, add a few pieces of chipped lemon
peel, the grated yellow rind of two
oranges, a smal piece of ginger root cut
into pieces and two bay leaves ; simmer
gently until the proper consistency and
put away in tumblers.” (From “How to
Cook Vegetables,” by Mrs. S. T. Rorer.)
2. “Wash, but do not scrape, five
pounds of young carrots. Boil until
very tender, peel and mash to a fine
pulp. To every pound of pulp allow
two pounds of granulated sugar, six
almonds, the rind of one and the juice
of two lemons, and a scant half tea¬
spoonful of almond extract. Boil pulp
and sugar together 15 minutes, set aside
and stir in grated lemon juice and rind,
almond extract, and almonds blanched
and shredded. Cook together five min¬
utes more, and when cool put in jars
and seal.”— Mrs. M. O. B. in “The
Designer.”
3. A Scotch Recipe.— “Boil the carrots
until they are tender. Drain them and
mash them through a colander. For
each pound of carrot pulp allow one
pound of sugar and the juice of one
lemon. Boil slowly until the mixture
jellies, and then put away in glasses.” —
G. B. M. in “The Designer,” 6r “The
Delineator,” I am not sure which.
Martha’s niece.
Removing Black Stain.
On page 107 I see Mrs. D. A. P. has
had trouble with a black stocking mark¬
ing white clothes. If she will soak the
garments in sour milk the stains will
come out. I have seen it done several
times. mrs. j. d.
A pound of salt or soda thrown on a
bed of coals or fire in a stove will
extinguish a chimney fire. As a pre¬
ventive when you have a good bed of
live coals at intervals of two or three
months place a piece of zinc in the
stove and the flue will have the ap¬
pearance of an asbestos lining. The
above information comes from the Lit¬
tle Rock chief of the fire department,
when asked for advice. Last year sim¬
ilar advice was given me personally by
a large coal dealer when selling me
soft coal. MRS. c. p. c.
small women, 14, 16 and 18 years. 1*4
yard of material 27 inches wide, 1%
yard 36 inches wide or 44, J4 yard 27
inches wide for trimming portions, $4
yard of all-over lace for 16 year size.
6875, girl’s plaited dress with front clos-'
lr*g» 8, 10 and 12 years. 4^4 yards of
material 24 or 27 inches wide, 4 yards 36,
3j4 yards 44, for 10 year size. 6864,
four-gored walking skirt, 22 to 30 waist.
5J4 yards of material 27 inches wide,
3% yards 44, 2H yards 52, width of
skirt at lower edge 2^4 yards, for
medium size. 6314, child’s one-piece
apron, 2 ’to 8 vears. 1|4 yard of ma¬
terial 24, 32 or 44 inches wide, with )4
yard 27 inches wide for bands, for 6
year size; price of each pattern 19 cents.
Keeping Goose Fat and Ham.
1. How can we keep rendered sweet goose
lard from turning rancid? I have tried in
open jar, tied shut, also in sealed jars in
dry cellar, but it did not keep. 2. How
can we keep honie-cured and smoked bacon
from turning hard in Summer and not get¬
ting hard and moldy? The meat packers
have sliced bacon on sale in glass jars, nice
and fresh the year round. How Is that
treated so it does not mold or get hard?
A. P. K.
1. We would like to hear from readers
who can help to solve these problems.
We have never kept goose fat for any
length of time, but judge that its keep¬
ing depends chiefly upon a low tempera¬
ture. We know that it soon becomes
rancid in a place warm enough for it to
be oily. We can only suggest keeping it
in sealed glass or earthen jars in the
coldest place available. One of our
Take a worn-out battery zinc, that
can be obtained at any telegraph office
generally for the asking. They weigh
about a pound or two. When the fire
is burning well throw about one pound
on top of the red coals. It produces a
greenish fire turning to blue and white;
very pretty to look at. It might seem
alarming at first, but will do no
harm. About half of the metal will run
through into the ash pan; this can be
used again in the same manner. It
will leave the interior of the stove and
pipe as white as though it was white¬
washed. It consumes the soot in some
way, but how I do not know. The zinc
is very easily broken, so that any quan¬
tity can be used. d. p. c.
[Have
"Electric
LigHts
#
On tHe
Farm, at:
Low Cost
Electric Lights make the brightest, safest,
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DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO.
231 St. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
THE&ESr’LIGHT
Absolutely safe. Stakes and bur ns its own
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401 E. 5th St., Canton, O.
The Ideal Fireless Cooker
Makes drudgery in allot kitchen a thing
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By Syracuse “EASY” Utilities
SOLD ON TRIAL
Syracuse “ EASY ” Vacuum Washer cleans completely a tiibful of clothes, coarse
or delicate, in 10 minutes of easy effort. Heat water right in rust- proof steel tub. No
swinging of clothes or water. Works like a cistern, pump. Sold on 30 days trial.
Syracuse “EASY” Vacuum Cleaner, hand or electric, most satisfactory
on market. Gets all the dirt without raising dust. L.«sy to operate. Very
durable and efficient. Send for free booklet and Trial Order Form.
DODGE & ZUILL, 224 F DiHaye £ldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
208
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
February 18,
Live Stock and Dairy
SULPHUR FOR SHEEP LICE.
Several years ago I had a ilock of
sheep that 1 found to be badly infested
with both sheep lice and ticks. There
were 25 or 30 sheep in the llock, and as
1 was feeding them ground feed I mixed
a heaping tablespoonful of sulphur with
their feed for a few days. I did not
feed the sulphur every day for a long
time, but fed every day for several days,
then skipped a few days, then fed again.
I noticed an improvement in my sheep
in a short time. At clipping time I could
not find either a live tick or a louse on
the sheep. One ewe in particular that I
noticed had many ticks on her when I
begin feeding the sulphur had a good
many dead ticks in her wool at clipping
time, but no live ones. I was a little
fearful that the sulphur might cause the
ewes to lose their lambs, but there were
no losses from this source. I have fed
sulphur to sheep several times since with
good results. I have fed sulphur to
lousy calves and colts with good results,
a half teaspoon ful fed three or four
times a week is enough for a calf, and a
colt will bear a little larger dose. I told
a neighbor of my experience with sul¬
phur for sheep lice. He had only two
or three sheep and, not thinking of any
danger from an overdose, gave too large
a dose and caused one of his ewes to
lose her lamb. The lice cannot bear the
sulphur even when fed to the host in¬
wardly, and they will crawl out on the
hairs and drop off or else die on the
animal. A few small doses of sulphur
will cause lice to crawl out and drop off
when the days are warm. A. J. legg.
West Virginia.
RAPE IN CANADA.
Rape may be grown on nearly all
kinds of land, but does best on soils
rich in plant food and well stocked with
humus. If greensward i> to be sown
to this crop it should be plowed far
enough in advance of the seeding so
that the sod may be thoroughly rotted.
It should be harrowed at frequent in¬
tervals and the held be in a fine state
of cultivation when seeded. The seed
may be sown anytime from the first
week in May until the end of August
here in Canada; in more southern lati¬
tude, of course, the sowing season would
be somewhat longer. In good soil and
under favorable condition the crop will
be fit for pasture in about five weeks.
The plant will stand considerable frost
without injury.
Rape may be sown broadcast or in
rows. About four pounds is required
for one acre when sown broadcast, less
than this amount when sown in drills,
which should be about 22 inches apart.
Better results may be expected from
drilling than from broadcasting the
seed, for the former method permits of
cultivation which means more rapid and
vigorous growth, destruction of weeds
and conservation of moisture.
Rape is especially valuable as pasture
for sheep and swine. For growing pigs
it cannot be surpassed. Pigs on a rape
pasture should, however, be fed some
corn or barley in order to balance up
the ration, for rape is exceedingly rich
in digestible protein (flesh-forming con¬
stituents), while corn and barley are
strong in the carbohydrates and fats (heat
and fat producing constituents). One
acre sown on good land will carry from
25 to 40 pigs from June 15 to October
or later. For best results the field
should be divided into two or three
plots, allowing the pigs to graze on one
plot while the others are growing. When
pasturing sheep on rape, especially
lambs, it is well to provide a mixed
grass or Timothy pasture for part of
their run. Clover is not suitable to
combine with rape, as the two plants
are both strong in the same elements —
the protein. In feeding rape to sheep
or cattle care should be taken to avoid
bloating. The chief danger is in turn¬
ing hungry animals upon a rape pasture,
especially when the plants are wet with
dew or rain. After they become thor¬
oughly accustomed to the feed, with ac¬
cess to it at all times, there will be lit¬
tle danger of bloating. Pigs are not
affected in this way. C. S. M.
Quebec Province.
WARTS ON TEATS.
Do you know what will take warts off
a cow's teats? I have tried various rem¬
edies without avail. The cow in question
is a valuable one, and the warts are so
painful that I am obliged to strap her
legs together at every milking. e. m.
Wisconsin.
Can warty projections be permanently
removed from a heifer’s teats (in milk for
the first time) and how? w. s. w.
Connecticut.
As « rule, rubbing the wart-covered
teats twice daily with best cold-pressed
castor oil is all that is necessary perfectly
to clean up the parts. As pain is present
add live grains of powdered menthol per
half ounce of oil. Warts may be snipped
off, if they have narrow necks, and lunar
caustic may then be lightly applied to the
bleeding bases; but this will add to the
kicking propensities of the cow. Better
prefer the, soothing oil treatment, a. s. a.
Oxen for Work. — Your recent articles
on working cattle point the way for
many a poor farmer to provide himself
with a strong work team, that if trained
to walk fast are better than many of
tiie w retched horses so many people use.
Some years ago I saw a yoke of com¬
mon steers used by a farmer in Ocean
Co., N. J., that were as fast as most
horses and wore harness with horse
collars upside down ; they were also
driven with bridles and bits. They did
nearly all his haying on the salt
meadows, flies did not worry them
greatly, and if they broke through the
crust, did not get in a panic as horses
do. If more farmers knew how to make
a proper yoke, or how to rig a harness
with collars, they might do it. Can
some of your readers supply this infor¬
mation through The R. N.-Y. ?
h. w. s.
Dishorning Humane. — I thought that
it was settled years ago that the dis¬
horning of cattle was humane. I have
kept dishorned cattle in lots of 500 and
over, watering at a single trough, and
have seen that trough full of heads,
little and big, and at times when some
old cow would have stood by it and
kept all of the younger ones away had
she had horns. It is not at all un¬
common for cattle running with others
with horns to be hurt, and that, often,
more than it hurts them to remove the
horns. I have had men who could not
bear to help dishorn cattle that I have
had to discharge for the ’reason that they
were cruel to this same stock. I pre¬
sume the pain is intense when the horn
is removed. So it is when you and I
have a tooth pulled. A cow has just two
horns, while we have 32 teeth. Besides
it is simply the two “hurts,”’ and that
is all. She does not have to dread the
operation all the way. to town. • I have
dishorned cattle both while on pasture
and in feed, and have always found
them better for the operation, more
contented among themselves and more
profitable to me. I prefer cattle that are
dishorned at one year old to the polled.
They are more quiet. nat. l. rowe.
Cures Thrush
Sloan’s Liniment hascured many cases
of thrush both in horses and cattle.
HERE’S PROOF.
Mr. R. W. Parish, of Bristol, Ind., R. No. 2,
writes: — “ I cured one of my borses of tbrusk.
Her feet were rotten; the frogs came out; she
laid down most of the time. I thought she would
die, but I used the Liniment, and she never
lies down in the daytime now.”
SLOANS
LINIMENT
is the best remedy for any kind of horse
lameness. You don’t have to rub — it
penetrates. Price, 50c. and $1.00.
Send for free book on stock.
Dr. Earl S. Sloan, Boston, Mass.
REAL TEST
of a Cream Separator is, after all,
W its skimming power . The
’United States Cream Separator
holds the World’s record for close skimming ii
50 consecutive runs, continuing through 30
days, with the milk of 10 breeds of cows,
.0138 of one per cent.
Awarded only Grand Prize, Seattle, 1909
l Write us today for Catalog No. 159 i
^ Vermont Farm Machine Co,
Bellows Falls, Vt. Jmk?
Distributing Warehouses in ail Dairy
Sections of ihe country
: SWINE
SPRING BAN K BERKSHIRES.-
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, toser-
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
I ARGE BERKSH1RES AT HlGHWOOD-m
each ol the last three volumes of American Berkshire Record
we sold and registered more 1’erksliires than any other breeder
in the United States. The large proportion went to old . ustom-
er8. This speaks for itself. JI.C. & II. B. llarpehding, Dundee, V Y.
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires, C. Whites.
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
Baps, Beagles and Poultry. Write for
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Middletown, Pa
SOMETHING NICE— Duroc Jersey Swine, Pnrtri.lge
and Golden Rock Chickens, Bourbon Rod
Turkeys, Embden Geese, Crested White Ducks.
J. H. LEWIS, R. No. 2, Cadiz, Ohio.
DUROGS
THE BIG, DEEP FELLOWS
_ _ that grow and mature quickly.
Pigs and Gilts for sale at all times.
SHENANGO RIVER FARMS. Transfer, Pa.
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old. of
the highest quality and breeding.
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
CHELDON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
0 Bred Sows. Service Boars Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y.
Horses and. Mules
lbs-9TToirfhs
Jersey Reds fatten easily & quickly.
Small- boned, long-bodied, vigorous
A prolific. Meat unsurpassed. Have
some choice offerings now. Write
and prices. Arthur J.
K, Moorestown,N. J.
ERCHERON
STALLIONS no HUES
Imported and home-bred. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 30 years an importer and breeder of prize winners.
15 L W O O I> S . AKIN
170 South Street. Auburn. N. Y.
THE PERCHERON SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Has just increased its capital stock to
$100,000. 10,000 shares of $10 each. 3,000
shareholders, Nov. 28, 1910. 100 breeders
have taken membership since Dec. 1st.
Ninety-five per cent of the Percheron
breeders of America record with the
Percheron Society. * * * * »
Information pertaining Percherons furnished. Address
WAYNE DINSMOIUC, Secretary,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill.
KENTUCKY MAMMOTH JACKS, JEN-
NETS and SADDLE HORSES.
We are the Largest Breeders ih Arfierica of Mam¬
moth Jacks. Hampshire and Tam worth hogs. Stock
of all ages for sale. J. F. COOK 8 CO., Lexington, Ky.
0 Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
at farmers’ prices. A W. GREEN, Route 1,
iddlefield, O. Railroad station. East Orwell, O..
DOGS
COLLIE PUPS
—From imported stock. Females
cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
[ DAIRY CA-TTIjE
MAPLE HURST STOCK FARMS, Guilford, Conn., offer lor
sale 4 Jersey Bull Calves eligible for registry,
7 Guernsey Bull Calves eligible to registry. Jei
seys headed by Hood Farm Pogis, Guernseys headed
by imported Fantine's Zac Taylor. Splendid
specimens of both breeds. Four magnificent Berk¬
shire Boar Pigs eligible to registry. Sired by Hood
I'a rm Rex and dam Hood Farm Dinah. Also 20
8 weeks old Chester White Pigs. One II months
old Chester White Boar. 20 single and double
comb K. I. Red Cockerels, Tuttle strain. The
above stock is guaranteed and the price is right.
To Avoid Inbreeding, We Will Sell Our
HERD HULL
AMERICA DE KOL BURKE.
A great son of the great Do Koi Burke. It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree.
Also, four months Bull Calf for sale
C LOT Eli IX A LE FARM. Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Lunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
MlTfi HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and l.)cst individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale: no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEIN-FRI ESI AN ASS'N OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON, SEC'Y, BOX IOS.BRATTLEBORO.VT.
Guernsey Bulls
Two-year-old and yearling registered and tested
Bulls for Sale, out of advauced registered parents.
Now is the time to get a good herd header reason¬
able. HILLHURST FARM, Orchard IJark, N.Y,
GUERNSEY BULLS For SALE
If you wish to purchase a high-class Guernsey
Bull of good Adv. R. breeding, write to
OTTO W. POST, ENSKNOHE, N. Y.
Cnrnl/a Qfnr>lf Farm — Registered Jersey Bulls
LulGnd OlUUR I dllll and Heifers, fi months to 2
years old. Chester White, Poland China and
Berkshire Pigs. Scotch Collie Pups and a variety
Of poultrv. Send two-cent stamp for circular.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Pa.
Breed Up-Not DownTr»rfi$«’“
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. R.F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
[Vow dt0hna0t Fern’s Jubilee No. 73852
A. J. C. C., is one of the best “butter bred” bulls
in the world, investigate. Then order one of his
young sons before it is too late. Nothing over three
months old on hand at present. Address
J. GRANT MORSE, -:- Laurel Farm, -:- Hamilton. N. Y.
JERSEYS
—Combination and Golden Lad; for
sale, 2 cows, 7 heifers, 3 bulls.
S. E. NIVIN, Laudenburg, Pa.
/liltr ProrflTCPre for New ' ork City J«arket
film rlUUUliClo desiring information how to
orm branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
he Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville. N. \.
SHEE
Woodland Dorse ts
Woodland Dorsets have been sold into practically
every State in the Union, and are giving satisfac¬
tion. I can spare fifty head of splendid ewes, all
of them bred to a very fine ram. ,
CHAS. B. WING, Mechanicsburg, Ohio.
UDflDCUIDEQ-100 yeavling
nnur OnirikO yearling rams.
ewes ; 40
Price and
Blatchford’s Calf Meal— The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
fVjo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1600.
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
20©
A Milk Ration.
For milk ration, I am. ■ using ' dry corn
fodder, feeding mangels, wheat bran, dried
brewers’ grains and corn. What change
does it need to make it better?. I shall
sow oats and Canada peas in Spring for
hay. I see vetch recommended ; is it as
good as the peas for that purpose?
Pennsylvania. G. v.
I would suggest the following ration
for average cows weighing about 1,000
pounds each :
anced ration, except that no cornmeal
or cotton-seed meal should be fed just
before or within two weeks after par¬
turition, as heavy concentrated feeds
like these are liable to cause congested
udders during this time specially:
15
10
4
o
lbs. oat
hay
lbs. mixed
lbs. wheat
lbs. cotton
and
hay .
bran
Digestible
Dry
Pro-
Carb.
Feeding stuff
matter
tein
and fat
25 lbs. cornfodder ..
.14.50
.625
9.325
15 lbs. mangels .
. 1.35
.165
.84
5 lbs. dry bre were’
grains .
.785
2.39
2 lbs. wheat bran..
. 1.76
.244
.906
2 lbs. cotton -seed
meal .
. 1.84
.744
.S88
24.05
2.563
14.349
Nutritive ratio 1
: 5.0.
Digestible
Dry
Pro-
Carb.
matter
tein
and fat
.12.9
.81
5.916
. 8.7 1
.422
4.625
. 3.52
i
.4SS
1.812
. 1.84
.744
!SS8
. 1.84
.496
1.104
. 1.78
.158
1.528
30.59
5.1.
3.118
15.873
not cost you as
much
As you do not state the amounts of
the different feeding stuffs you use at
present I am unable to show a compari¬
son between your present nation and
the one suggested. While the ration
given above will give fairly good re¬
sults it would be better if you could
get some clover or Alfalfa hay to feed
in place of part of the corn fodder.
Cows get very tired of one feed like
corn fodder, which is not very palatable
when kept until this season of the year
and fed dry. If not too much trouble,
I would suggest that it be cut and
steamed before feeding, as cows will
eat it much better when treated in
this way. I have never tried vetch, as
I do not think it can equal oats and
peas for cows from June 15 to Aug¬
ust 10. . c. s. G.
Improving a Ration
Please
weighing
with the
suggest grain ration for cows
900 to 1100 pounds, to be led
following roughage : Corn silage,
20 pounds; oats and pea hay (mostly oats),
eight to 10 pounds; mixed hay (Timothy,
Red-top and wild grasses), no clover, 12
to 15 pounds. I cannot increase the silage,
as we have only a limited quantity. Cows
came fresh in September and October, now
giving 20 to 30 pouuds daily on the above
roughage with six or seven pounds wheat
bran and live pounds continental gluten
feed (distillers’ grains;, guaranteed an¬
alysis protein 33, fat, 14. I would like
to increase the milk if possible, at the same
time reduce the cost. Bran and gluten on
hand, therefore ration must contain some
of each. Bran cost when bought $25.55 at
station, live miles away. Would cost to
buy now $20.80. Gluten cost at station
$35.50, same now. 1 can buy cotton-seed
at $30, oil meal (old process) about $40,
cornmeal for $27, but do not think cows
need any, as they are in lirst class condi¬
tion. Also give ration from these feeds for
cows just beginning to freshen, where the
roughage consists of all the oat and pea
hay they will eat three times a day, prol>-
ably about 30 to 40 pouuds, no silage. I
could give them some of the mixed hay
mentioned. I have some heifers coming
two that did not come home in very good
shape in the Fall. 1 have clipped them
and they are looking better now. I am
feeding them all the oat and pea hay
they will eat three times a day with two
quarts bran and a pint of oil meal twice
daily. Do you think this too heavy?
Ileifers will not freshen till March. I have
some other heifers one year old last Fall
and some coming one year old this Spring;
grain ration same as above with all the
mixed hay (Timothy and Red-Top) they
will eat three times a day. Do you think
there is any danger from the oil "meal? I
want the older ones to freshen next Fall.
New York. a. x. s.
Here is the analysis of the ration you
are feeding:
Dry
Digestible
Pro- Carb.
matter
tein
and fat
20
lbs. silage . 4.20
.18
1.58
10
lbs. oat and pea
hay . 8.6
.54
3.944
12
lbs. mixed hay.. 10. 45
.506
5.55
6
lbs. wheat bran. 5.28
.732
2.718
5
lbs. continental
gluten . 4.60
1.2
2.76
33.13
3.198
17.552
This ration has a nutritive ratio of
1 :5.5, which is very near the standard,
so it would be a difficult matter for me
to suggest any very great improvement.
The quantity given, however, seems to be
rather larger — enough for an average
cow weighing 1200 to 1300 pounds. If
you would reduce your wheat bran to
two pounds and add two pounds of
cotton-seed meal I think it would im¬
prove the ration a little, at the same
time saving about one cent per cow per
day.
For your cows that are just freshen- |
ing I would suggest the. following bal- I
2 lbs. continental
gluten .
2 lbs. cornmeal ..
Nutritive ratio 1
as the one you are feeding, yet it con¬
tains about the same nutriment. It is
liable, however, to be a little constipat¬
ing, as it contains no succulent ma¬
terial.. If you find any trouble in this
direction you could add a pound or two
of linseed meal, but not increasing the
amount fed. The oil meal will not hurt
your heifers if fed sparingly. I would
suggest that you feed not over one
pound per day to each one — the re¬
mainder of the grain ration to be wheat
bran or mixed feed and ground oats.
c. s. G.
Ration for Fresh Cows,
Will you give me a balanced ration for
fresh cows? I have mixed clover, Timothy,
and Red-top hay, silage enough to feed
once a day until grass (no corn in the
silage) and oats, and I can get the follow¬
ing grains here : Cornmeal at 95 cents per
iOO; wheat bran, $1.25; gluten feed. $1.35;
cotton-seed meal, $1.65; old process oil
meal, $1.90; Alfalfa meal, green, $1.30
New York. H. M.
From the feeding stuffs mentioned
I would select the following ration as
the most economical to use at the
prices :
Dry
Feeding stuff matter
20 lbs. silage . 4.20
15 lbs. mixed hay and
clover . 13.05
5 lbs. wheat bran.. 4.40
2 lbs. cottonseed meal 1.84
2 lbs. cornmeal .... 1.78
25.27
Nutritive ratio 1 : 5.4.
Digestible
Pro¬
tein
.18
.93
.61
.744
.158
Carb.
and fat
2.58
6.90
2.265
.888
1.528
2.622 14.161
The silage in this ration to be given
once a . day and the hay and grain
divided into two feeds a day. Be very
careful not to feed a cow any cornmeal
or cotton-seed for at least two weeks
after she freshens, or until all danger
of inflammation of the udder has ceased.
Begin by feeding a very small amount
at first, gradually increasing according
to the cow’s appetite and her ability to
assimilate the food. One of the most
common mistakes of feeders is to begin
feeding too much heavy grain suddenly,
before a cow is accustomed to the feed;
therefore much damage is done that
could easily have been avoided by in¬
creasing gradually during one or two
weeks, instead of trying to put a cow on
full feed in a day or two. c. s. G.
People Who Own
SHARPLES
Tubular
Cream Separators
are the people for you to talk to. They will tell
you it pays to have the Tubular, which produces
twice the skimming force, skims faster and twice
as clean as others. They will tell you it is fine to
have a separator without d isks or other hard to
wash, quick to wear, sure to rust contraptions.
Here aretwostatementsfromthousands we have:
"Have a Tubular.
Gained $273 on bat¬
ter in 14 months.**
— Chas. Slothower.
Warren, Ill.
"Have used Tubu¬
lar eight years. Not
any repairs.’*
—Hubert Dunlap,
Blalrsville, Pa.
FREE TRIAL
Our local representative will
§ut a Tubular— The World’s
est— into your home for
thorough, free trial without
a cent of expense of any
kind to you. Wears a
lifetime. Guaranteed
forever by America’s oldest
and world's biggest sepa¬
rator concern. Then why
pay freight, risk money, or
waste time on any “mail order” or other (so
called) cheap separator, the average life of which
is one year.
30
yrs
Write for
Catalogue
No. 153
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, 111., San Francisco. Cal., Portland, Oro.
Toronto, Can. W Innlpeic, Can.
Powerful, Double-Energy “SM ALLEY”
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they hit the roller and — ZIP! — up they go like lightning into the silo as ensilage! Never
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The “Smalley” gets the silo-filling done quicker than any other cutter in the world! Be¬
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Save money, time and toil by turning over the silo-filling to the hustling
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ENSILAGE CUTTER!
It has a hundred unparalleled features (see catalog).
t Note its 1911 improvement in circle to left. Note how
it absolutely prevents feed chain buckling! Because the
Smalley’ is the world’s greatest cutter the factory’s output
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biggest money-saving proposition possible.
Valuable, New 1911 Book-Free! Our 1911 book, a store-
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tho asking. It will save you money, time and labor on th:s silo-
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state name of your impleutont dealer — write today to (11)
.SMALLEY MFC. CO. (Est. 1857) 12 Rich St., Manitowoc, Wis.
AMERICAN
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
with metal fence posts have
developed this post. It is
now thoroughly practical, fill¬
ing every requirement on the
farm, in the town, for rail¬
roads and wherever fence posts
are used.
Made of tough steel, heavily
zinc coated. Durability
proven by us— ten years’ ac¬
tual use showing good as new.
Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
for it.
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 6 Wire Co.
Chicago :
115 Adams Street
Denver: •
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
Continuous-Opening, Braced
Door - Frame, Permanent
Ladder, Interchangeable
Doors, Lightest and
Tightest Doors.
Strongest Hoops,
Best Materials,
Three Styles, Five
kinds of Lum¬
ber, a hundred
other advan¬
tages. All
described
in our
Cata¬
log.
Our
Silo
Catalog
contains
ihe latest
Information
about Silos.
We invented
the Modern Sdo
and have led the
way in improve¬
ments. We offer the
largest variety of
styles and sizes. Send
for our catalog of Silos
and Silo Fillers. *‘The
kind Uncle Sam uses.”
Harder Mfg. Company
1 1 Cobles kill, N. Y.
Box
THIS IS THE
IL.4
We Had
Such A
Hun On
Last Season
Do yon
■w a n t t o
handle it
for us this
season.
W rite us
at once.
Van Slyke
& Company
No. Toflawaada.il. Y.
DEWEY’S
Distillers’ Dried Grains
(Three D Grains)
During 1910 the Feed Department in several
States took samples of Corn Three 3) Grains
and found protein and fat as follows:
Protein Fat
Ohio . 37.18 14.41
Indiana. _ 33.00 12.40
Indiana . 33.10 1210
New York.. 29. 13 12.17
Protein Fat
Maryland.. 30. 51 13.06
Florida . 31.59 8.08
Maine . 32.0 i -
Wisconsin.. 31.42 14.10
I« 1911— Now \ork, 3-1,5 protein, 11. SB fat) 8.27 If
Three D Grains affords cheapest protein and
fat. Is best concentrate to use with farm i\-<>ds.
We GUARANTEE it to INCREASE YOUR PROMTS.
IV rite for samples and prices— also for I < >k-
let, by Prof. Henry, “How to Feed Disul lers’
Dried Grains.” m
The Dewey Bros. Co. Blanch est
444
letter, Ohio
FREE TO FARMERS
A Valuable 160-page book entitled
“SILO PROFITS”
Written by 200 of tho moat successful
Feeders. Farmers and Dairymen In
the World. (LeP Kvery farmer In
America should read this book, and
as long as our supply of these books
last we will mail one copy free to
each person asking for it. It gives
theaetual experience of these farm¬
ers and in their own words.
Our Factories are located at An¬
derson, Ind., DesMoines, Iowa and
Kansas City, Write NOW «q;i t> CM ■
Missouri. » for this book 3110 Jr rOilTS
o1Si INDIANA SILO COMPANY
Union Building, Anderson, Indiana
New York:
30 Church Street
San Francisco :
16th and Folsqm Sts.
THE UNADILLA SILO
IS the sensation of
THE AGRICULTURAL WORLD
Because it has nn adjustabl door
front to and from doors.
Because no hammer is needed to
release doors.
Because doorscan be unlocked, moved
in frame and relockcd 60time.su minute.
Write for catalogue describing the
above features and testimonial-, and
our •■TWENTY-FIVE REASONS.”
We also manufacture Farm Water
Tubs and are New England reprr-enta-
tives for Papec Cutters and are in posi-
ion !«• quote low prices upon receipt of inquire.
Extra discount for early orders. Agents wanted.
THE UNADILLA SILO CO., Inc., Box B, UNADILLA, N. Y.
THE ROSS SILO
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stave.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple hoveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped witn extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes winter feed equal to June
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
will save you money. Agents wanted.
The E. W. lloss Co. (Est. 1850)
Box IS SPRINGFIELD. OHIO
ECONOMY SILO
Our simple ye tperfeet-fittingdoon
forming air-tight silo, entirely prt
vent possibility of ensilage spoiling
Quick, easy adjustment withou
hammer or wrench. Free access.
1 ; . cry si lo easy to erect. Sea sone
white pi ue or cypress staves. Refine
iron hoops form easy ladder.
Write for free catalogue with proc
of our claims from delighted users.
ECONOMY SILO & MFC. CO., ~
Box 3C-J Frederick, Md.
GREEN MOUNTAIN
SILOS
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative if you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
210
THE K URAL NEW-YORKER
February 18,
MILK SELLING AND LOSS OF FERTILITY
A corporation of large capital, engaged in
condensing milk for the Oriental trade, pro¬
poses to establish a large milk condensing
plant. Approximately $125,000 is to be
invested and tlie farmers of the surround¬
ing country are to be asked to contract
milk for one year at current Elgin price for
butter fat, with a flat bonus, as we under¬
stand, of 25 cents per hundred pounds over
and above this basic price. The entire
county is now engaged in the cheese mak¬
ing industry with two creameries iu the
city handling principally separator cream
that is gathered in the usual manner from
tlve farms within a radius of 20 miles of
the city. Aside from our personal antag¬
onism to the establishment of this plant
on the ground that it would injure our
business, we have taken the ground that
the sale of whole milk from the farms will
eventually, in almost every case, result in
impoverishment of the soil and lead to a
bad condition of affairs as to the possibility
of growing remunerative crops in tin1 years
to come. We take this ground knowing
that the average farmer gives but little
thought to soil conservation aside from the
hackneyed methods of the little* informed
person. We know that the cheese industry
is open to the same indictment iu a general
way, but at that considerable use of the
whey is made and hog raising is very gen¬
erally practiced. . a. c. x>.
Wisconsin.
The fertility of the soil is a matter of
so much importance that one is at once
interested when the question of effect of
selling milk as compared with the sale
!of butter. .or cheese is considered. There
is no dodging the fact that those of us
who are producing milk for the city re¬
tail trade, or selling to a condensery,
are removing from our farms no little
amount of the elements of fertility which
the Manufacture of butter saves. Records
of analyses of milk and whey are easily
found, but those of butter and cheese
are not so common, and unfortunately
do not all agree perfectly. For some
purpose the following may be taken as
fair representations: Supposing that we
consider a ton of material in each in¬
stance.
Pounds iu one ton :
Phosphoric
Nitrogen. Acid. Potash.
Milk . 10.6 6.8 3.6
Skim-milk . 11.2 4. o.8
Cheese . 70. 13. 3.9
Whey . 3. 2.8 d.t>
Putter . 2. 1. .4
Now if we suppose that 100 pounds
«.of milk will make 4)4 pounds of butter,
or 11 pounds of cheese, and presume
that we get 95)4 pounds of skim-milk
in one case, or 89 pounds of whey in
the other, and supposing further that
we have a farm keeping 20 cows pro¬
ducing an average of 4500 pounds of
milk, we would sell in milk, cheese or
butter elements as per the following
table :
Production of 20 cows :
Pounds Phosphoric
Nitrogen. Acid. Potash.
Milk . 477 171 162
Cheese . 850 58 18
Putter - - - - 4 2 .8
At is cents for nitrogen and Five cents
each for phosphoric acid and potash,
the results stand as follows :
Production of 20 cows :
Milk . . $85.86 $8..... $8.10
Cheese . 63.00 2.90 .90
Butter . 72 .10 .04
Surely that is quite a difference in the
value of the nitrogen, phosphoric acid
and potash sold off a 20-cow dairy farm.
A man might Well hesitate somewhat
about selling milk as compared with sell¬
ing butter, or even cheese, when there
is so much difference in the elements of
fertility that is disposed of in the dif¬
ferent products. In none of these cases,
however, is the quantity of the elements
of fertility excessively large for a farm
of the size required for keeping 20 cows.
Any of the elements may readily be re¬
placed for the money named. In the case
of feeding skint-milk, and to some ex¬
tent in feeding whey, there is a value,
not readily reduced to figures, as for. in¬
stance in the humus that may go into
the soil, and any profit that may come
front the young animals that are fed.
Feeding young animals, however, will
remove some of the mineral elements if
they are finally sold. On the other
hand there is a labor account that must
always be reckoned with, and upon this
must depend much of the decision as to
the manner of disposing of the product.
From a practical standpoint the first
question that occurs to ns is, What is
found to he the effect of selling milk
from our dairy farms? It must he ad¬
mitted that the answer is not uniform.
It does not seem to be any more neces¬
sary that a farm must grow poorer be¬
cause milk is sold, than it does that the
soil must improve because a farmer
buys a lot of grain feeds for his stock.
It is by no means uncommon to find
farms or even whole neighborhoods
where large amounts of feeds are pur¬
chased and yet the land is growing
poorer every year. Likewise we find
other localities where milk has been sold
for a succession of years and still the
land is in a better state of productive¬
ness than formerly. These results are
not to he taken as necessarily usual,
but such instances go to show that it is
the method of handling the soil rather
than the mere fact that milk is sold, or
that butter is sold instead, that deter¬
mines the productiveness of the soil.
We find localities, or at least farms,
where the growing of potatoes is not
followed by depleted soil, hut by im¬
proved production year by year, and this
without the purchase of extravagant
amounts of fertilizers. It does not seem
longer to be absolutely necessary that
stock shall he kept on farms, or that
fertilizers shall he largely purchased in
order to keep them productive. It does
make a lot of difference how the land is
handled. I do not wish to be misunder¬
stood in this matter. 1 approve most
heartily of the dairy business, and 1 ap¬
prove of the idea of keeping the skim-
milk at home and feeding it to calves
and hogs, or even to some extent to
dairy cows. But if market conditions
are strongly against such a course, or if
the labor problem becomes too acute,
as it sometimes seems to he, or if in¬
spection becomes too unreasonable, as
seems now to he the tendency, one may
patronize a cheese factory, sell milk or
go out of the dairy business altogether
without the impoverishment of his soil,
provided he is fully informed as to the
best methods of handling it. On our
own farm we have sold milk for nearly
20 years, and for several years back
have returned no skim-milk to the farm,
yet the production of crops never he- j
fore equaled those of the past year.
There has been good money in cheese
during the warmer months for several
years, and for two years Summer milk
has paid much better in butter than
when sold to the milk shippers and con¬
densers. This condition may or may
not continue, hut if it should there are
many cases where cooperative concerns
can best handle the product, and further
where it may he best even to utilize the
skim-milk or the whey in some of the
manufacturing processes rather than re¬
turn it over rough roads to the farm, j
Where convenient, I would use on the
farm and would prefer to do so without
its leaving the farm at all. H. h. i,von.
Worth to You?
Yet your best horse 5s just as liable
to develop a Spavin, Ringbone, Splint,
Curb or Lameness as your poorest.
These ailments cannot be prevented
but they can be quickly and entirely
cured it you always have on hand
a bottle of the old reliable
Kendall's
Spavin Cure
For over 40 years this wonderful remedy
has been constantly proving Its eflicieuey
and value to horse owners everywhere. It
has saved millions of dollars in horseflesh
and untold time, work and worry.
The experience of Mr. H. K. Davis, of
Madras, Oregon Is merely typical ol* thou¬
sands. He says—
“I have used your Spavin Cure for over
fourteen years and could not get along
■without It. I have cured Spavins, Splints,
Curb, etc. I always keep it on hand.”
And Mr. Oscar Masters of Peppers, N. O
writes—
“I have been using your Spavin Cure for
several years and i t certainly Is the world’s
greatest liniment.”
Don’t take chances with your horses.
Have a bottle or two of Kendall's Spavin
Cure always on hand— It Is a sure cure.
Price 61.00 per bottle or 6 bottles for 85.00.
Get our valuable Book. “Treatise on the
Horse”— Free at your druggist or write
direct to us.
Dvm Bm J. Kendal! Oo.9
Enosburg Falls, Vermont, U. S. A.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee pagG
‘S ave-T he Morsels pavinCure.
PCG. TRADE. MAR IV
96 Mnnn Avo., Newark, N. J., Aug. 15, 1910.
Sometlmo apo I purchased a horse, believing him to bo a real
good one. At the time I did not know that ho had been fired
and blistered. He beeamo very lame from a Bone Spavin, and
the prospect was not very favorable, owing to his advanced ago.
However, having a bottle of “Save-Thc-Horse” pn hand. Of
which I had used very little in satisfactorily curing Puffs on
another horse, I ventured to think it would help the Spavin on
my new purchase. 1 was ashamed to drive the horse in the day¬
time, ho was so lame. I used about half the bottle. Suddenly
the horse forgot his lameness, and to this day ho acts and
goes as sound as a colt. Now should you want a recommenda¬
tion you are at liberty to refer to mo. Jos. IVm. Burton.
$5,00 a Bottle With Signed CONTRACT.
This is a binding CONTRACT and protects pnrehaser ab¬
solutely in treating and curing any case of Bono and Bog Spi»in.
Thoroughpin. Ring-bone, (except low). Curb, Splint, Copped Hock,
Wmdpuff, Shocboil, Injured Tundons and all Limpness. No scar or
loss of hair. Horse works ns usual. Send for copy of contract,
booklet on all lameness and letters from prominent businosi
men, bankers, farmers and horso owners the world over on
every kind of caso. At all druggists and dealers, or express paid.
Troy Chemica 1 Co. 24 Com’l avc. Binghamton, N,Y.
MINERAL.
HEAVE
REMEDY
"DW
NEGLECT
Will Ruin
Your Horse'
Send today for
only
PERMANENT
SAFE
CERTAIN*
S3 PACKAGE
will cure any case or
money refunded.
$1 PACKAGE
cures ordinary cases.
Postpaid on receipt of
price. Agents Wanted.
Write for descriptive booklet.
Mineral Hcav« Remedy Co., 461 fourth Avenue. Pittsburg, fe
TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS.
Kill's are high. A fact whica you are all probably ac¬
quainted with. Hut the question is. Are you getting
highest market value for yours ' Remember we do not
charge any commission: pay all express charges: will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory will return and
pay all charges. Don't jou think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing f For
further information write for our free price list and
Trappers’ Guide. Make us a trial shipment today.
Abrohams Fur & Wool Co., Fur Merchants, Seymour, Wis.
SHIP YOUR
To McMILLAN FUR & WOOL CO.
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN,
illustrated Circular Free to anyone interested in
RAW FURS. -
Trappers’ Guide .Free to those who ship to us. ,
I will reduce inflamed, swollen Joints,
Bruises, Soil Bunches. Cure Boils. Fis¬
tula or any unhealthy sore quickly:
Dloasnnt to use; does cat blister
under bandage or remove the hair,
and you can work tho horse. $2 per
bottle at dealers or delivered.
Horse Book 7 D free.
ABSORBINE, JR . for mankind,
$1.00 per bottle. Reduces Vnricoso
.Veins, Varicocele, Hydrocole,
(Goitre, Wens, Strains, Bruises,
stops Pain and inflammation.
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
Quinn’s Ointment
(loes for the horse what no other remedy can <!:>■ p
There's not a curb.eplint.Biiavln, wind puif or hunch |
that it will not remove. Sure and speedy. rV*<?U9'
ands of horse owners use it — Quinn’s alone, they
regard It as the un railing remedy.
PRICE $1.00 PER BOTTLE.
At all druggists or sent by mail. Testimonials free.
W. B. Eddy & Co., Whitehall, New York.
“"AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
EXCELS ANY SEPARATOR IN THE WORLD
OUR LIBERAL TRIAL ENABLES YOU
TO DEMONSTRATE THIS. While our prices
for all capacities are astonishingly low, the qual¬
ity is high. Our machines are up to date, well
built and handsomely finished; run easier,
skim closer, have a simpler bowl with fewer
parts than any other cream separator. Thou¬
sands of machines in use giving splendid satis¬
faction. Write for our 1911 catalog. We
will send it free, postpaid. It is richly illus¬
trated, shows the machines in detail and tells
all about the American Separator.
Our surprisingly liberal long time
trial proposition, generous terms of
purchase and the low prices quoted
will astonish you. We are the
oldest exclusive manufacturers of
hand separators in America and the
first to sell direct to the user. We
cannot afford to sell an article that
is not absolutely first class. You
save agent’s, dealer’s and even cata¬
log house’s profits by dealing with
us and at the same time obtain the
finest and highest quality machine
on the market. Our own (manu¬
facturer’s) guarantee protects you
on every American Separator. We
ship immediately. Western orders
filled from Western points. Write
us and get our great offer and hand¬
some free catalog. ADDRESS,
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO., BOX 1075, BAINBRIDGE, N. Y.
AND UPWARD
THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.
It is a solid, fair and square
proposition to furnish a brand new,
well made and well finished cream
separator complete, subject to a
long trial and fully guaranteed,
for $15.95. Different from this
picture which illustrates our large
capacity machines. Skims I quart of
milk a minute, hot or cold ; makes
thick or thin cream and does it
just as well as any higher priced
machine. Any boy or girl can run
it sitting down. The
crank is only 5 inches
long. Just think of that !
The bowl is a sanitary
marvel, easily cleaned,
and embodies all our latest
improvements. Gears run
in anti-friction bearings
and thoroughly protected.
Before you decide on a
cream separator of any
capacity whatever, obtain
our $15.95 proposition
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.
211
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
Hid Behind a Squeal.
“No rogue e'er felt the halter draw
With good opirnon of the law."
The galled jade winces. E. G. Lewis
begins to feel the lash of outraged de¬
cency. Cringing from an examination
by the Grand Jury of the Federal Gov¬
ernment of his many schemes to gather
money from country people, he issues a
daily whine about new conspiracies to
interfere with his special privilege of
gathering in the money of inexperi¬
enced country people on fake schemes.
Realizing that he cannot continue to col¬
lect more money while the record of his
past ventures is being told, and with¬
out showing definite assets for new bor¬
rowings, he has now impudently set out
to scare The R. N.-Y. and intimidate
the National Government. He scarcely
realizes his job. Here are his instruc¬
tions to his readers :
Then take the marked copy of Tub
Rural New-Yorker sent you, pick out
several of the principal advertisers in it,
and write these advertisers direct eaeli a
little note stating that as they patronize
a paper which has for a year been trying
to injure or destroy the League, and pre¬
vent your securing a Chapter House in
your town, you will make it YOUIt busi¬
ness to see that they do not get any busi¬
ness from you or your friends. Then
write one more letter direct to President
Taft and ask him if it is in accordance
with “an orderly conduct of the Post Office
Department” for any of its officials to con¬
spire with a publisher to send out tens of
thousands of copies of his paper to non¬
subscribers with marked articles vilifying
your organization in order to get revenge
or prevent an open, fair hearing of our
indemnity bill?
If Mr. Lewis thinks that kind of talk
will scare off The R. N.-Y., lie was
never more mistaken in his life. We
want to know what became of the money
our subscribers sent him, and why he
does not pay it back. The more times
his friends write President Taft the bet¬
ter we will like it. It will give us that
many more opportunities to ask Mr.
Taft to see if he can find out what be¬
came of the $25,000 our subscribers
sent Lewis. We would like help to get
it. Since Mr. Lewis learned that the
Federal Grand Jury is again investigat¬
ing his schemes he has* renewed his
bad opinion of Federal law. Why
should a man who borrowed money
from country people continuously for
10 years, and who admits his inability
to pay it back, be annoyed by a Grand
Jury when he wants to borrow more?
Is it anybody’s business what he does
with money borrowed from working
girls and washerwomen? Flow could
Mr. Lewis be expected to think well of
a law or of Federal officers who ap¬
plied law to interfere with his precious
privileges?
Mr. Lewis also wants his readers to
ask the Postmaster General to inquire
;nto the “claims” we have for collection,
and what became of the money. We in¬
vite that inquiry too. We have nearly
70 claims against Mr. Lewis. We
would like the Postmaster General to
inspect them. As to the collections,
there is only one that we are bound
not tc publish. If Mr. Lewis will re¬
lease the bond of secrecy we will print
it
Mr. Lewis sued The R. N.-Y. for an
alleged libel by serving the papers .on
an advertising agent in St. Louis. The
State court says the service holds, so
The R. N.-Y. must answer and defend
in his State. Mr. Eewis has given
ample space to this news, but he has
not trusted his readers with the infor¬
mation that the Federal Grand Jury has
been investigating his schemes ; nor
that a suit of $250,000 had been filed
against him for slander; nor that he was
sued for $94,000 for services of an
architect; nor that a suit from New
York City is on the docket for $5,000;
nor that numerous accounts are in the
hands of attorneys for collection
against him and his numerous enter¬
prises. He does not take the women
into his confidence on these subjects.
No blame to him. The news would
hardly encourage remittances to him as
further loans.
The experience of Thomas Beverly
White, Stockport, Ohio, is characteris-
tfc of Lewis. Mr. White sent him $500
for stock in the now defunct bank.
When the bank was closed Lewis per¬
suaded him to assign the stock to him
in exchange for a three-year five per
cent note. It was dated September 1,
1905. Default was made in interest
and principal ; and after numerous un¬
successful attempts to collect it, Mr.
White sent the note to us for collec¬
tion. We demanded payment from
Lewis. Fie replied, as he did to many
similar demands, that he would pay the
note if Mr. White was in distress. He
had written the same thing about other
claims, but when we showed that his
creditors were in distress,, he did not
pay even small claims. We therefore
knew that the reply was his usual way
of putting off payments. Besides, Mr.
White was not in distress. We did not
think he was, and refused to say so.
We told Air. Lewis that Air. White was
entitled to his money whether in dis¬
tress or not. It was a new excuse to
us for refusal to pay a note past due.
Lewis refused to pay the note, and we
published a picture of it on Alay 14
last. Later Lewis wrote Air. White ex¬
plaining how he had promised to pay
the note ; and inclosed a long statement
for Air. White to sign and swear to,
promising if he did so to pay the note
in full. Of course Mr. White could not
swear to the statement without commit¬
ting perjury. He very properly sent
the statement to us. Lewis probably
saved himself technically from a charge
of attempting to procure perjury by a
letter accompanying the prepared affi¬
davit, but he made payment of the note
conditional on the delivery of an affi¬
davit to him. What the effect of the
inducement might be on a weaker man
than Mr. White is left to conjecture.
Following is Air. White's version of the
rest :
Air. Dillon and 1 had a conversation in
which I told him I would like to manage
to got a payment on my note, as it would
soon be outlawed if I did not, and as Mr.
Lewis had said that if I would acknowl¬
edge that The R. N.-Y. had not notified me
that he had offered to pay my note if I
was in distress he would pay me, 1 asked
.«r. Dillon if I could, and he replied:
“Yes, do it.” Therefore it was with Mr.
Dillon’s consent that i signed the follow¬
ing statement : “This is to certify that
The Rural New-Yorker did not notify me
that E. G. Lewis had made an offer to
pay my note if I was in distress until long
after.” The above was witnessed hut not
sworn to. I have no copy hut take from
memory. I sent my note to The R. N.-Y.
for collection just the same as I would to
a lawyer, expecting him to use his judg¬
ment as to the best method. After my
note had been printed in The R. N.-Y. I
received a letter from Mr. Lewis asking me
if The It. N.-Y. had notified me that he
had offered to pay my note if I was in dis¬
tress. I replied that i was not aware
that he had made an offer, and then I
forwarded his letter to Air. DiHon for him
to explain why I had not been notified.
He replied that he told Air. Lewis he would
accept no apologies or delays or excuses;
that he was already familiar with that
form of payment, and that he had no con¬
fidence in them, leaving me to conclude
that he did not consider it worth while to
notify me. And as I had had some ex¬
perience with Air. Lewis’ promises I was
satisfied he was right. I went to see Mr.
Lewis on the afternoon of the 27th of
January and asked him if he could not
pay my note, lie claimed that he had no
funds. I then asked him at least to pay
the interest. lie replied : “I cannot do it,
there are thousands of people asking for
money,” but turned to the desk and wrote
out a statement, and said, “If vou will
sign this statement I will pay you $25 in¬
terest on your note.” Seeing 'i could do
no better, and wishing to get a credit on
the note, I signed it. T. r. white.
Stockport, O.
If Air. White cannot show that he is
in distress, other of the Lewis creditors
can. We have now about 70 claims
against him. Some of these creditors
are in real poverty and want. We do
not think they would swear to any
statements that would suit Air. Lewis;
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THE RURAI> NEW-YORKER
February 18,
HOG PASTURE IN MARYLAND.
I read au article on rape as hog pasture
In the issue for December 31. I have 10
pigs to carry over Winter and will have
20 more in April, making 30 in all. Ac¬
cording to your article one acre should
feed 40. I will willingly plant two acres,
and then corn them for six weeks next
Fall, if the rape will carry them along
to fattening time. What is the proper
time to plant rape, and how, also how soon
can it be used as a pasture? J. F. c.
Liberty Grove, Md.
Ilow much Dwarf Essex ratie should be
bowu on one acre, and what would be the
proper time to sow, for hog pasture? And
where could one buy the seed? s. w. m.
Smith burg, Md.
You might sow rape in the early
Spring, as soon as the soil can be worked
in good order, and can turn on it prob¬
ably in June or July. I doubt that the
one sowing will carry the pigs till fat¬
tening time, but you can sow another
lot early in August, and that would
carry them along pretty well. It would
have been better had you sown Crimson
clover last Summer, for this would be
ready for the pigs in early Spring and
would carry them till the rape is ready.
Then if you sow some Whippoorwill cow
peas the first of June they will be ready
for the pigs after the Spring-sown rape
is eaten. In this way you would have
a succession of crops for the pigs
through the season till corn-feeding time.
The rape can be sown in rows and culti¬
vated and about three pounds will sow
an acre in this way, but broadcast 1
would use twice as much seed. The seed
can be had from any of the leading
seedsmen. A crop of rape sown in early
August will run till pretty late in the
Fall. w. F. MASSEY.
way except by breaking the egg in a
dish and examining it with a strong
lens. F. T. FINCH.
MAGIC EGG TESTER.
tviiat about the “Magic egg tester,"
'which the makers claim will prove whether
an egg is fertile or not? This is done by
fastening the egg to a float which has a
•graduated neck with degrees from one to
■•10, and above all the figures near the top
■two degrees marked X and the nearest one
to tlie top is XX. The claim of the mak¬
ers is that only the eggs that are heavy
enough to bring the float down when put in
a pail of water to the marks X and XX
are fit to hatch, and all the smaller and
lighter ones are infertile. This is contrary
to my experience, for 1 have always found
that there are more infertile eggs among
the larger than the smaller eggs, and I
should like to have your opinion on the
subject. F- D- J-
New Jersey.
Fortunately I have had some experi¬
ence with the Magic egg tester, having
tested considerably more than 10,000
eggs for hatching with two testers. This
work was done at a time when the cir¬
cumstances were such that any increase
in the per cent of hatches would have
added a feather to my cap. Therefore
it will readily be seen that I was very
careful in following the directions sent
out with the tester. Before using the
tester 1 had always made a practice of
incubating only those eggs which came
very near to my idea of a perfect egg
in size, shape and condition of shell.
By using the Magic egg tester I found
that the eggs which held the tester with
X or XX on the. water line were in¬
variably the ones I would have consid¬
ered about the right size for hatching
purposes. As the tester only selected
the large eggs, irrespective of shape, I
found it necessary to cull out from the
tested eggs those which I considered
undesirable. There being so much ex¬
tra labor necessary, I did not consider
it worth while to use the tester. Fur¬
thermore it has been my experience
that small eggs are usually as fertile as
large eggs. And why not? Do not
Hamburg eggs hatch as well as Brahma
eggs? And yet they are much smaller.
Of course we generally consider pullet
eggs of any breed as inferior in com¬
parison with eggs laid by mature hens,
and yet they are often more fertile. I
have never been able to select the in¬
fertile eggs from the fertile ones,
whether large or small, by the use of
the Magic egg tester or in any other
EXERCISE OR CONFINEMENT FOR COWS, j
I have read the question about exer- ,
cise for cows printed on page 140. Since 1
these cattle enjoy their liberty, are thriv¬
ing, and their milk yield is satisfactory,
there would seem to be little to criticize
in the method here described, under the
precise conditions named. That the cat¬
tle are hardy I do not doubt. I have |
visited many hundred stables, but do not
recall seeing one where cattle could be
made so comfortable in the adjacent
yard as in the one here described. In
most places that I have seen, cattle
could not be comfortable in the yard on
a cold, raw day in Winter. There is
one thing that is a little indefinite here,
that I should be glad to know, and that
is whether O. IT. has the same ideas
regarding a satisfactory milk yield that
some other people might have. I do
not wish to cast reflections upon the
method here described, hut really I am
inclined to think that a larger milk
yield might be obtained' by less time
spent out of doors. The fact, however,
that this yard is warm, clean and shel¬
tered, and that the cattle are out only in
fair weather is much in their favor. If
I had just the conditions that this man
has 1 might do as he does, although I
think that is doubtful. These cows will
probably resist disease well, hut it should
be remembered the other man’s cows,
which are out in a bleak yard for some
hours a day, are not thus favored.
Our own practice is to let the cows
out twice a day to drink, as we have no
way at present to water them in the
stable. There are very few days when
the cows are out longer than is neces¬
sary for them to drink, and we iet oniy
a dozen out at a time. On very stormy
days we may not turn out more than
four or five at a time. On particularly
fair days they are commonly out until
they want to return, which is not very
long during the real Winter weather.
Our yard is somewhat sheltered by a
piece of woods, hut 1 am sure it is not
so warm as the one described by O.
H. Our stable is well ventilated, and
we do not let the temperature rise much
above 40 or 45 degrees if we can avoid
it, which, of course, we sometimes can¬
not do. Some dairymen whom I know
prefer a warmer stable, and less fresh
air than we have, and affirm that they
can get more milk by the warmer
stable. One of these herds which 1 have
known, was a high producer, but later
the cows became diseased, and many
people regard the close confinement as
a prominent cause of the trouble. It
would seem to me that there is a proper
medium in this matter, and doubtless
that may he somewhat different for
different people. O. H. may have it for
his conditions, but for mine it will be
necessary to house the cattle more.
H. H. LYON.
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farmers can be rich men,
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H Dr. A* S. Alexander, the famous veter-
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Poultry Secrets
is a remarkable collection of the secret
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W. R. Curtiss tells how he gets 50 per cent, more pullets than cockerels; the Philo Sys¬
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feeding and fattening secrets: and MANY OTHER PRICELESS SECRETS, are here disclosed for tlie first time.
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TVM. GALLOWAY C0._ 669 Galloway Sta.j Waterloo, Iowa
Let Me Tell You How I Divide the Melon with You
1911.
5THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
21a
MXLIL.
Milk this year has sold at our creamery
for from 10 to 15 cents per gallon. What
little milk is retailed here sells for five cents
a quart. Live chickens for the year have
brought from nine to 13 cents per pound.
Itootstown, O. j. w. r.
There is very little dairying in this
neighborhood. Last Fall there was a route
started ; it is just cream to West Jefferson
creamery of Columbus. The retailers get
10 cents per quart for milk and 25 cents
for cream. Most people make a little but¬
ter and retail it. It is mostly cattle rais¬
ing in this locality, not much dairying.
Pomeroy, O. d. r. w.
Milk in Bowling Green, Ivy., sells at 20 to
25 cents wholesale and delivered in pint and
quart bottles at 25 to 32 cents per gallon.
Nice butter at 25 to 30 cents per pound.
Prices on grain and feed are : Corn, 55
cents ; oats, 45 cents ; bran. $24 per ton ;
oil meal, .$40 per ton : cotton-seed meal, $30
per ton ; pea hay, $16 per ton ; clover hay,
$16 per ton. We have a strictly up-to-date
town of 10,000 inhabitants, but are without
a creamery, which is badly required here.
An abundance of milk could be had through
the Summer season at 12 cents per gallon,
and something like 16 cents during the win¬
ter. a. M. R.
Bowling Green, Ivy.
The bulk of the milk produced here is
shipped to Cleveland by electric cars, at the
producers’ expense. The cost of transpor¬
tation is 25 cents per 10-gallon can. I think
that the Belle Vernon Mapes Co. of Cleve¬
land controls about 90 per cent of the milk
shipped to Cleveland, O., and they name
prices. At present I understand that they
pay 18 cents per gallon for the milk and
they retail it in the city at nine cents per
quart. At the mill cornmeal is $1.20 per
100 pounds, bran $1.25 per 100, cornmeal
and oats $1.50 per 100. Ilay $15 per ton ;
straw, rye, $7 ; oats, $6. The poultry
business is good and the produce from it
is sold on the Cleveland market. Eggs now
are retailing at 25 cents per dozen.
Mentor, Ohio. E. f. m.
I keep a dairy of 15 cows part fresh in
Spring and part in Fall. In the Summer
our milk is made into cheese on the pool
system using the test to prevent skimming
and watering. We get % cents per pound
less than New York quotation for cheese.
It nets us after making and hauling is
taken out $1.14% per hundred. We give
one-seventh for making and six cents per
hundred for hauling; this is for Summer.
This Winter is the first time we have had
an outlet for our milk ; have had to make
it up at home. This Winter our milk is
hauled to the factory at Penline, Pa. ; it
is skimmed, the cream is shipped to Pitts¬
burgh, Pa. The milk is made into cottage
cheese and shipped. We get $1.95 net per
hundred ; not very much but the best we
have ever had. c. w. d.
Pierpont, O.
BUTTER MAKING— GRAIN FOR HOGS—
FENCE POSTS.
1. After being a successful butter-maker
for over 50 years I have to ask for help.
My cream this Winter will not make butter.
A fine can of cream, three gallons, had
to be wasted. My cow is an Alderney, well
f.'d ard stabled ; she will not be fresh until
the last of March. What shall I do?
2. Will wheat or oats harm young pigs or
hogs when the grains are forming? 3.
Which will last the longer, the small or
large end of a post when imbedded in the
ground? L. c. c.
Maryland.
1. This subject is discussed in detail,
in reply to another correspondent, in a
recent issue of The R. N.-Y. In your case,
pasteurizing the cream and adding a starter
may prove effective. Good clean butter¬
milk from a dairy where the butter comes
readily may be used for a starter, using
one-half pint for a gallon of cream. Twelve
hours before churning heat the cream to a
temperature of 160 degrees, holding it there
for 20 minutes. Then cool down to churn¬
ing temperature, or a little above, and add
the starter, stirring thoroughly at first, and
occasionally during the ripening process.
2. I do not think that immature grains
would prove injurious to pigs, especially if
they were grazed off, but undoubtedly the
mature grains would be of much more
value for feeding.
3. Nothing is gained by putting the
small or top end (as grown) of a fence
post in the ground. The large end as a
rule will last longer, and the fence will
have a more finished and better appearance.
c. s. M.
In regard to getting all of the consumer’s
dollar, I am satisfied witli the share I get,
as I wholesale my produce direct to the
marketman or grocer, because I do not care
for the retail end Of the business. But
what tlie farmers need to-day is a revival
where they can get together, shout and hol-
ler and then work together and get some-
thmg done. I see by the papers the New
i ork Fruit Growers’ Association is on the
right track to accomplish something.
Aeushnet, Mass. h. a. j.
Congestion of Udder.
I have a heifer 22 months old when she
came in, dropped a healthy calf which is
now three weeks old. About the third day
her udder became a little hard, and I
bathed it with lukewarm water and rubbed
it in with hot lard. The udder is now in
good shape, but she has two complete V-
shaped veins across the front, which are
very sore. I am now using tar soap in the
bath as a salve. One side is beginning to
heal quite nicely and the scabs are com¬
ing off fairly well. I had a veterinary to
look at her and he pronounced it a cold.
She gives a good mess of milk from all quar¬
ters and the calf is growing big and fat.
What do you think of her? a. s.
New York.
Theor has been acute congestion of the
udder with consequent oedema (dropsy)
of the adjacent parts, including the milk
veins which ought to take the blood freely
from the udder and so relieve congestion
Just after calving. The treatment seems
to have “worked” pretty well, but as you
say sores are present, some healing salve
is needed and not the soap and washing
which tends to aggravate matters. Wash
the parts once and when dry apply balsam
Peru to the sores and repeat the application
twice daily w’ithout another washing.
A S. A.
Ailing Cow.
Will you tell me what to do for a three-
year-old cow that has loosened teeth and
consequently cannot eat much? She is now
nearly dry, giving only about one quart or
so at a milking. " She dropped her second
calf in May and seemed all right until
about six weeks ago she began to have diffi¬
culty in chewing her food and lessening
her milk flow. Upon examination it was
found that all or nearly all her teeth are
loosened more or less. What can be done
for her? She seems well otherwise. Last
year she milked till nearly Spring.
Michigan. w. h.
If you will examine another perfectly
well cow you will find that her teeth also
are loose. So are the incisor teeth of every
cow. Were they not loose, shovel shaped
and set sloping forward in the gums they
would cut the hard palate badly when food
was grasped by lips and teeth. As a cow
has no incisor teeth in her upper jaw she
has a hard cartilaginous pad in their place
against which the flat surface of the loose
incisor teeth press when food is grasped
and pulled from the ground. The incisor
teeth in a horse are rigid and pointed
upward to meet the upper incisors which
they contact directly. If you mean that the
molar teeth are loose that is a different
story; but we have never seen a cow with
loose molars. They may be split, or sharp,
or diseased, hut we can scarcely credit that
all of them are loose. Better look for some
other cause of failure to chew and thrive
well. She may have indigestion ; or may be
that she has tuberculosis. We certainly
would have her tested with tuberculin to
make sure. If she has not tuberculosis give
her a full dose of physic, such as one pound
of epsom salts and half a cupful each of
common salt and black strap molasses with
half an ounce of ground ginger root in
three pints of warm water at one dose
slowly and carefully from a long necked
bottle. a. s. a.
Shredding Corn Fodder. — On page 112,
G. S. B. asks for Information on feeding corn
fodder. In 1892 I bought a four-roll husk¬
ing machine and did well for five or six sea¬
sons, when weak parts soon showed up, feed
and husking rolls, corn and fodder carriers
giving out before cutting 100 acres, also
tearing my son’s right hand off. Since, I
husk by hand, but put the stalks through
the old machine, but never wear a glove
feeding it. I cut about three inches long
and handle with a barley fork. I must have
what the cows don’t eat for bedding and
manure. Shredding or cutting fodder is
making hay, but will not work in a dry
time and wind blowing, so I always wait
for a cloudy day and then do not cut more
than what will be used up in a week or so.
It is lots of work, but results are right.
Marshall Co., Ill. frko seibold.
The New Hampshire Sheep Breeders’ As¬
sociation held its third annual meeting in
Keene January 27, with afternoon and even¬
ing sessions. Good, practical addresses
were given by F. H. Stadtmueller, of Con¬
necticut, on the “Revival of the Sheep In¬
dustry in New England”; by Prof. T. R.
Arkell, of the Durham, N. H., College, on
“Hothouse Lambs” and on “Sheep Manage¬
ment,” and by President E. E. Gifford, of
the Maine Sheep Breeders’ Association, on
“Sheep Husbandry.” A number of new
members joined the association from
Cheshire County, and these officers were
elected : President, J. D. Roberts, Rollins-
ford ; vice president, S. C. Ellis, Keene;
secretary, Robert Doe, Rollinsford ; treas¬
urer, Elmer W. Merrell, Antrim. A board
of directors was chosen, comprising a mem¬
ber from nearly every county in the State.
W. H. PRENTISS.
DE LAVAL
2=sJ OTHER
CREAM SEPARATORS
Every separator manufacturer and dealer attempting to
compete with the DE LAVAL today claims his machine to he
‘dike the DE LAVAL,” “;\s
good its the DE LAVAL,”
or “about the same as the
DE LAVAL.” Some even
go so far as to falsely assert
that it is licensed under DE
LAVAL patents.
Their claims are true only
to the extent that every one
of them IS making a machine
after some DE LAVAL type
of ten to twenty ' years ago,
on which the DE LAVAL
patents have expired. ]>r.t
these copied old DE LAVA L
types were either never good
enough for the De Laval
Company to actually manu¬
facture itself or have been
discarded by it at least ten
years ago in its constant
development and improvement of the cream separator.
Not a single one of these ivould-be imitating competing
machines is in any way like the improved DE LAVAL separa¬
tor of TODAY. None of them is capable of doing as good
work, or being run, cleaned and handled as easily. None of
them is nearly as well built or will last half as long.
There is not a prospective buyer of a separator anywhere
who cannot SEE and PROVE the important difference FOR
HIMSELF if he will only go to the trouble of looking up
the nearest DE LAVAL agent or writing the Company if he
can’t find one.
It is well worth while for every intending buyer to do this.
It means a saving in quantity and quality of cream and butter,
time and trouble, twice-a-day, or every time he puts milk
through the separator. It means a machine that will last
twenty years instead of a few months, or perhaps as long as
five years at the outside.
It’s the pleasure as well as the business of every 1)E LAVAL
agent to explain and demonstrate the difference between I)E
•LAVAL and other separators.
Why not take advantage of this and at least SEE and TRY
a DE LAVAL before making so important an investment as the
purchase of a Cream Separator ?
The De
165-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
173-177 William Straet
MONTREAL
Laval Separator Co.
42 E. Madison Stroot
CHICAGO
|4 & 16 Princess Street
WINNIPEG
Drumm A Sacramento Sts'
SAN FRANCISCO
1016 Western Avonua
SEATTLE
Price $10 and Up
(Earn $10 a day and more, easily,
sawing firewood, lumber, lath, posts,
etc., for yourself and neighbors with a
'
Hertzler & Zook
Portable Wood Saw
Fully Guaranteed for One Year
The Hertzler & Zook Is the cheapest and best
eaw you can buy. Direct factory prices— finest
tested materials. Easier than
other saws to operate because
the stick sits low and the
saw draws it on as soon
as you start work. It Is
the only saw made, sell-
ingat $10, to which a ripping
table can be added. Write for
circular and save money.
Hertzler & Zook Co., Box 3
iiolloville, P»s
HORSE O WMERS
IT COSTS
ONECENT
to try the’ CI, KAN Curry
(Comb and save dollarsfj.,. s
• ou ■ (3 ** — — — — * - ■ I
labor and ex-E W ^
Automatic]
The ‘CLEAN:
action, durable] effc,
tlve. easy on the horse, [j
ABOUT
i HORSES
/V uto, ca.aj- Ull UlO UUnW, G > —
'and always clean. SendH^f
arldrfiKS — stntlncr nmnlu»r ft 1 k
.. 'address — stating number [J _
u *°»Ii8esowne<l an^ we’ll send Comb postpaid -
berm thirty— five centa after trial, or return at our expense. Valuable Ilorso
Rook freo. Clean Comb Co. 76 Fifth St. . Baci ue. Wis.
Running Water on the Farm
in any q-iantity,
without pumping expense, with an automatic
RIFE RAM
Cheapest and most ; ffieient
water supply for country
place, irrigation, farms, etc.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Booklet, plans, estimates free.
Rife Engine Co. 2429 Trinity Bldg., N.Y.
214
February 18,
GOOD WORDS FOR THE SHORT-HORN.
I notice in your issue of December
17 last an article by Mr. Herring un¬
der the heading, “Dairy and Beef Com¬
bination Impossible.” I have no doubt
that he is honest in his opinions, but he
is laboring under very mistaken ideas.
While I don’t contend that it is possible
to establish a breed of cattle or a strain
of Short-horns that will equal the but¬
ter record of the Jersey cow Jacoba Irene,
and after their usefulness in the dairy is
past, feed up to the standard of an In¬
ternational champion, I do contend that
it is possible so to breed our Short¬
horns as to produce a cow that will pay
a satisfactory profit in the dairy, and
her produce, if fed for beef, will pay a
handsome profit in the feed lot. There
is a great number of purebred and grade
Short-born cows that I know have made
from 7,000 pounds to 10,000 pounds of
milk in a season, and the steers bred
from them would weigh from 1,000 to
1,300 pounds at two years without heavy
feed and I have sold quite a number of
them at five and six cents per pound
and thought they paid well, both as
beef and milk producers. Mr. Herring
says it is impossible to combine the two
qualities in one animal. I have in mind
one bull that we used; he was from
a noted herd of milking Short-horns,
and his daughters were universally heavy
milkers. The steers from him were
good feeders, and when fed for beef he
himself was sold in the New York
market for the highest price of any bull
that was sold there that season, and
was taken for export trade. Nancy
Lee, that produced three daughters with
records of over 9,000 pounds of milk
and one daughter and one granddaughter
with over 10,000 pounds of milk, made
1,560 pounds of beef when fattened, and
there are many more that have done as
well or better. He says, “In the only
extensive breed tests in which they were
competitors, viz., the Columbian Expo¬
sition, they failed to make good,” and
right there is where he falls down. The
Short-horn breeders entered their cattle
in that test with no idea that they could
defeat the cattle that had been bred for
over a century for dairy purposes only,
but with the purpose in view of showing
the public that the Short-horn cow when
properly bred and fed, was a dairy cow
of no mean capacity, and they certainly
made good along those lines. I contend
that taking everything into consideration
they made the best showing of the three
breeds contending.
He says they have failed to breed on.
In the 30-day butter test at the Colum¬
bian Exposition, Kitty Clay 4th, stood
above all the Guernseys, and was beaten
by only two of the Jerseys, and she has
bred on and on and on. Her daughters
granddaughters and great granddaught¬
ers are doing as well as or better than
she did, and her sons and grandsons are
doing a great work in producing their
kind. Henry Clay is the sire or grand-
sire of 26 cows and heifers with average
yearly records of over 9,000 pounds of
milk, and Gen. Clay has a lot coming
on that promises to do even better than
these, and there are others. The Glen-
side Herd reported 44 cows with milk
records of 8,000 pounds or over for the
appendix of a recent volume of the
Short-horn Herd Book, and this is but
one of the many herds of milking Short¬
horns that have recently been estab¬
lished. They are just beginning to at¬
tract attention and if it is possible to
breed and feed one of them to a record
of over 18,000 pounds of milk and
nearly 730 pounds of butter in a year it
is highly probable that there will be
more that can do the trick. In 1909 the
Cornell University herd numbered 37
cows, all ages ; three were Short-horns,
two of them heifers, the remainder Jer¬
seys, Guernseys and Holsteins. The av¬
erage per cow was 7,463 pounds of milk.
The Short-horn cow Dairy Maid gave
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
7,708 pounds milk, which you can see is j
better than the average of the herd. Her
butter record for the season was 320
pounds. The heifers’ records as two-
year-olds were for Lady Clare 5,502
pounds of milk, Ida Buttercup 5,233. At
the Greenfield (Mass.) Fair last Sep¬
tember the Shorthorn cow Beauty 7th
won first prize in a 24-hour butter con¬
test conducted on the fair grounds, 14
cows competing, Jerseys, Guernseys,
Holsteins, Ayrshires, Normandy and
Short-horns in the class and her rec¬
ord was 2.37 butter. I believe the dual
purpose Short-horn will show up about
as well as the dairy breeds taken col¬
lectively. Up to October 31, 1910, the
American Jersey Cattle Club had reg¬
istered 246.918 cows. How many of
these are in the Advanced Registry?
There has been a wonderful increase in
the number of Holstein cows kept in
this State in the past 10 years, in both
purebreds and grades, but up to date I
have failed to read of any phenomenal
increase in the output of dairy products
in the State. My observation is that the
Holstein breeders are leaning towards
more of a beef form in their bulls than
they did a few years back. It is but
a question of time when the beef cattle
of this country will be bred by the
farmers, and the dual purpose breeds will
surely come into their own, because the
average farmer who will undertake to
produce beef will want a cow that will
be making good in the dairy while her
son is growing into a profitable steer.
It will do no good for the specialists to
keep “knocking,” for the dual purpose
cow is here, and has a rapidly growing
crowd of admirers. a. h. prince.
Schuyler Co., N. Y.
A Corn Harvester Necessary.
I have been much interested in the dis¬
cussion about harvesters to cut corn. We
have used them a dozen years or more, aud
find them almost an absolute necessity, as
it is almost impossible to obtain hand labor,
to say nothing of its being quicker and
more economical with the harvester. An¬
other thing, the corn being left in bundles
is much easier handled, not only in the
field, but also at the silo, where three men
can put more corn on the cutter-table than
five could if it were not bound. I think
your correspondent from Maine puts it
rather strong when he says that “one team
will cut five acres easy in a day.” We
think four would he nearer to the fair
day's work, lie doesn't say how long the
day is to be, but we know that the team
which cuts four acres of corn, averaging 10
feet in height, rows three feet apart, will
be a pretty tired pair of horses. We have
done the trick, but it will not average as
much as that the harvesting season. We
also have found that the driver was willing
to rest by that time if he kept the machine
in shape, at least that has been our experi¬
ence on our own farm, and while cutting
for outsiders. There are five of us who
own harvesters in a radius of two miles,
comprising several different makes. In re¬
gard to there being difficulty in plowing, we
cannot see why there should be any more
trouble in plowing after a harvester than
where the corn is cut by hand, as we calcu¬
late to cut as low as or lower than a man
will cut by hand. I would like to add’just
a work about silos and silage. After hav¬
ing used them for almost thirty years, I
fully believe that it would be impossible for
me to make milk at a profit without silage ;
certainly I should hate to try it. At the
best with the present prices of grain and
hay, together with the price of labor, the
margin is small enough, if perchance the
margin is not on the wrong side of the
account.
Milk is now 35 cents per 8% quart can
at farmer's door. w. h. p.
New Hampshire.
About Thi* Cow
Prof. Edits. XJ. of M., writes: The
first six months "Missouri Chief Josephine ”
produced 1 7. 008 lbs. of milk — the largest pro¬
duction on record. The Dried Beet Pulp
serves to loosen up the ration in such a way
that it is easily digested — makes it impossible
for the feed to become a solid mass."
Are You Getting All That
Your Cows Can Give?
IF YOU are not feeding Dried
Beet Pulp, you are letting good
profits slip by you. Seven days on
Dried Beet Pulp shows a very marked
increase in milk supply. Three weeks
shows an actual definite increase of
10%. This is a very natural result
because Dried Beet Pulp loosens up
the ration so that it is digested very
easily, no food is wasted and the milk
production is thus increased.
Most of the famous cows that have
made great records, like “Dolly
Dimple” and “Missouri Chief Jo¬
sephine,” have been fed on Dried
Beet Pulp.
Dried Beet Pulp is simply our
native sugar beet, with only the sugar
and water extracted. It is just as suc¬
culent and palatable as June pasture.
Comparative tests have proven
Dried Beet Pulp to be superior to
corn silage, but the two make a
splendid combination.
Are You Willing To Accept More Profits?
If you are, go to your dealer, show him
this advertisement, tell him you want to try
a sack of Dried Beet Pulp at our risk. Insist.
Feed one sack, mixing the Dried Beet
Pulp with a properly balanced grain ration.
If the cow selected does not give more milk,
we authorize the dealer to return to you in
full your purchase money, and we will in
turn refund to him Yo.u will deal with the
man you know and you alone will decide.
To Dealers Everywhere East of the Mississippi
River Except in States of Wisconsin
and Michigan:
You arc authorized to sell to any dairyman who w!,I
agree to give the feed a fair honest trial, one sack of our
Dried Beet Pulp and to guarantee to refund the purchase
price if after the dairyman has fed it to one cow for three
weeks the cow has not increased her milk production; we
will reimburse you for your expenditure. If you do not
carry Dried Beet Pulp in stock, write us quickly for our
proposition. Please mention this paper.
The Larrowe Milling Co., 623 Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
The Ireland Straight-Line Drag
Sawing Machine
sawing rig fills a long felt
want for sawing large timber.
It is simple, durable and the most „
practical straight-line sawing rig on the market.
We also make circular saw rigs, saw and shingle mills.
Get our prices on canvas belting, they will surprise you.
Send for prices and full information. “ Ask about Holsts.’’
IRELAND MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY,
14 State Street, NORWICH, NEW YORK.
SAVES
T1 /VI F
WHEELBARROW II ^ -4 labor
SEEDER i! .and
Sows evenly. No need * SEED
to wait for quiet day.
Sows Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Millet, Turnip, ete.
Two sizes: 14 ft. and 16 1't. Anger feed. Wood frame. .Satis¬
faction guaranteed. Prompt shipment. If your dealer
does not' handle the “STAR” write us for booklet.
STAR SEEDER CO., Box R, Shortsville, N. Y.
Standard Among Drilling Machines
The oldest established manufacturers, the largest
lino of drilling machines and tools, and 41 years
of successful operation in nearly every country
in the World, mako
American Drilling Machines
Standard the world over.
For every possible condition of earth
and rock drilling and mineral pros¬
pecting wo make a drill espe¬
cially designed for the re¬
quirement.
Catalog No. 105, the most
complete “drill hole” catalog
ever Issued, Free.
The American Well Works
General Office and Works,
Aurora, Ill.
Chicago Office: First Na¬
tional Bank Bldg.
Is its Capacity— Earning Power.
SPENCER HAY PRESS Catalogues make great
and definite claims proven by the press in action
or no sale. Nature of contract protects you. Covers
every claim by actual figures. More tons per hour
guaranteed than by any other _ Write
horse press, same size bale, vlfe *njn Right
Send for new Catalogue K . / NOW
J. A. SPENCER
Dwight, Illinois
!
Detroit-American Spreaders
Beat Them All Again
More Steel Than In Any Other
k Spreader _ ' _ _
Last year when we came out with 19 new Improvements
on Detroit-American Spreaders, everybody thought we had
reached the climax of value. But this year we jump still
further in the lead with better spreaders and bigger value
than even zee have ever been able to offer before. Detroit-
Americans beat them all again. Look here! Endless apron,
return apron, steel or wood wheels, 50 to 100 bu. capacity —
Wood or yJL-Jz also Wagon Box Style— and each Detroit-American an
Steel Wheels^”*®’"^ absolutely gear less spreader. There’s no complicated mech¬
anism— no lost motion. So simple that it is proof against
mistakes of boy or careless help. No matter what style or
size spreader you want, here it is at a price that you can’t resist. There’s more steel in the Detroit-American than
in any other spreader. That’s another reason for strength and light draft. Get our book and you’ll know why no
other manufacturer or dealer can touch our proposition to you.
A Trial That IS Free— No Money Down— Freight Paid— Cash or
Credit— Guaranteed Forever
trial, we’ll pay the freight back. If you decide to keep It, send
the money or pay on tiino. You are the judge and your word
goes. Remember, this proportion is on the style and size
spreader you want. Don’t pay a dollar on any spreader till
you get our book. Also shows the famous Detroit American
Tongueless Discs and, Detroit-American Cultivators. Write
postal now. Adaress
Write For Our Book
to See Real Bargains
Let us show you the style and size Detroit-American that
meets your needs — freight paid on 30 days trial without a cent
In advance — no “C. O. D.”— no deposit. See how they are made
and how they work. Note the six changes of feed, the all steel
cylinder and rake, the double front bolster, the big 15-lnch
unbreakable fifth wheel and all the other Detroit-American
advantages. If you don’t want the Detroit-American after the
AMERICAN HARROW COMPANY, 1639 HASTINGS STREET. DETROIT, MICHIGAN
Delivered in Michigan, more
in other states for same style
owing to Increased freight
charges. That’s the bed rock
point at which our 1911 prices
start. From there up— a ma¬
chine lor every man— End¬
less or Return Apron. Wood
or steel wheels— capacity 50
to 100 bu. or Wagon Box style.
Take your choice— each the
one big bargain ol the year.
1911
PROVIDING PASTURE FOR HOGS.
I have four sows bred to farrow in
March next, also :>5 Fall pigs now grow¬
ing well. I wish to carry these pigs over
and market all that I may have in the
Winter of 1911-12. I should have after
farrowing iu the Spring alxmt 70 hogs and
pigs. I have ground oats, rye and corn to
feed what I have until April 1, but that is
all. I have 15 acres of potato ground, left
as it was after potatoes were dug. This I
plan to put all in corn. I shall grow a
good crop of car corn ; also seven acres
manured last Summer from which I took a
crop of buckwheat. It was also left as it
was after harvesting, also six acres of
gravelly soil from which I took a crop of
oats ; nothing done to field since. Also five
acres from which I took rye seeded with
Timothy, but stand is poor. I have five
acres in Timothy and clover, good crop of
Ked clover last Summer, but I suppose
there will be little next Summer. Would
it be possible to sow ' clover seed on this
sod without plowing? If it could be as
it was this past Summer it would make
fine hog pasture. I also have meadows and
pasture land ; will have manure from four
cows and six yearlings, hogs and chickens.
Where shall I put it and for what crops?
Please advise me what to plant to get the
earliest Summer feed and the most feed
possible. What vegetables, what grains,
sweet corn, Hubbard squash, mangels, rape,
barley? I shall have skim-milk from six
cows after about July 1. Is 15 acres enough
corn or too much? I shall need the fodder
for cattle. t. u. h.
Dutchess Co., N. Y.
In the first place I would advise the
questioner by all means to push his 35
Fall pigs as fast as possible, and put
them on market. They will bring more
per pound when they weigh 150 pounds
than when heavier. It is a poor busi¬
ness proposition to sustain a large
amount of live weight for a long period.
It will take about three pounds of dry
matter to sustain 100 pounds of animal,
without gain or loss. To illustrate : I
had 10 shotes gaining a pound a day
each. I sold them when they dressed
150 pounds, and put in their place 16
pigs weighing about 8o pounds alive.
The ] 6 ate less than the 10, but gainecj
a pound apiece daily, 16 pounds a day
instead of 10, and at less cost. The
price of pork is high ; it is quite likely
it will be lower next year. Further¬
more, it is poor business to devote all
the land to the swine, particularly as
the land is in no shape to care for
them, nor will it be until midsummer.
If the four sows have say 30 pigs, and
$4 apiece can be obtained for them when
six weeks old, I would sell at least half
of them, for they will make a lot of
clear profit then, and under existing
conditions it may be on the wrong side
of the ledger next Fall. Oats are a poor
food for young pigs, because of the
hulls. They are also expensive. In
them a pound of digestible protein will
cost 14 cents, with oats at 42 cents, pro¬
portionately more at a higher price.
Wheat middlings at $25 a ton will sup¬
ply a pound of digestible protein at
about 10 cents. Hence I would sell the
oats and buy middlings for the pigs.
Some of the fallow land should have
been put into rye last Fall. This would
have given early pasture, and later in
the season could have been put into
rape or squash. Some of it would have
been harvested, and the straw would
have paid all expenses. The first thing
to put in is Canada peas. Sow 2*4
bushels to the acre, get them in as deep
as possible. They can be fed to the hogs
for forage by the middle of June; from
that time on the grain will increase.
The hogs can be turned in the field if
desired. When the first peas come off,
the ground can be planted with some
coarse variety of squash or pumpkins,
or Dwarf Essex rape for Fall feed.
Some of this rape can be sown in
Spring and the hogs can pasture on it
from the time it is six inches high.
Then plant an early variety of sweet
corn. Make the main crop corn. The
sweet corn can be fed, stalks and all,
the land sown the latter part of July
with rape for Fall pasture. At first the
Hint corn can be fed the same way,
later pick off the ears, without remov¬
ing the husks. It never pays to husk
corn for hogs if they are fed on a hard
clean surface. The main crop will make
Winter food for hogs, or anything else.
Plant plenty of pumpkins in the corn.
Do not cook them or remove the seeds.
I should sow some oats for horse feed,
on the buckwheat ground. If you do
not care to do this, sow one bushel of
THE K U HAL NEW-YORKER
C16
oats, one-half bushel of barley and 12
quarts of peas, 2*4 bushels to the acre.
This can be harvested and thrashed. It
will not pay to sow clover on the old
seeding. The oat and pea ground can
be seeded with clover, and it will give a
crop of hay or pasture next year. If
you can grow potatoes; they will make
a good money crop, and the small ones
fed cooked to the hogs. I would sow
all the land with the crops off to rye,
sowing four quarts of Timothy with it
per acre. Then sow clover in the Spring.
The crop can be utilized as suggested
above, or if you get sick of hogs, will
make a good money one.
I would call your attention to a west¬
ern way, which while at first glance
may seem slack, but when labor is con¬
sidered, and one makes hogs the only
money crop, as you contemplate, I be¬
lieve an excellent one. The hogs are
turned in the rye, harvesting the entire
crop. The year following this is clover,
with some volunteer rye, which is again
pastured, alternating with another rye
pasture. The hogs harvest the corn in
the same way, sowing that ground to
rye, without plowing between the corn
at last cultivation, the clover sod fol¬
lowed by corn. The corn, stalks, clover,
as well as oats, and peas, are as valu¬
able for the cows as the hogs.
EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE.
The best prize is
a profitable
crop
Made fok>
Work-Weak
YET 50 EASY IN ACTION
A C1RL0RB0Y OF SIXTEEN
CAN OPERATE IT
KMU5w<11
No pushing or pulllnpr the shovels from
one side to the other. .Just a touch of the
root and the wheels and shovels move e islly
and quickly to right or left. No stopping the
machine to regulato the width between gangs
or the depth of the shovels.
Uneven Land. Crooked Rows and Hillsides
as Easily Cultivated as Level Ground.
la. k‘gh and low wheel and
KRAUS pivot RuriR. Built entirely
or steel and malleable iron.
» possible adjustment.
Light Draft. Perfect balance.
Choice of 26 different equip-
mej 8r?lvee yOU jU8t the one .von
need fdr your work. Also the
Clipper Hummock Seat and the
Carpo Walker. Don’t accept a sub¬
stitute. If yourjlealer aoes not
Jandle the KRAUS write us for
full descriptive catalogue.
AKRON CULTIVATOR CO.
i- --DEPT. 13, AKRON, OHIO
vSjJ
MV* IDflATtU Dairymen, Take a Look at the
STRITE GOVERNOR PULLEY
Its the original and •• only
thing for driving cream nep-
nratoiH with gasoline en¬
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used. TRY ONK. Ask your
dealer for a ^STRITE” or
write us direct. Dou’fc take
an imitation.
Strife Governor Pulley Co.
357 South Third Street
Minneapolis, Minn.
For Lame Horses
Remove-All positively cures Sprains,
r Ringbone, Curb, Shoe Bolls, Capped^
Hocks, abnormal growths and lameness. '
BS
REMOV-ALL'
Sold on money -back guarantee.
Leaves horses sound and un-
> scared. Lump Jaw is cured in
less than three weeks with
Adams Rapid Lump-Jaw Cure
Easy to use. Guaranteed. Writ®
for FREE TREATISE on cur*
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H. C. ADAMS MFC. CO.
W l>ept« 50, Algona, Iowa
ANIMAL
FERTILIZERS
Active all the time
YOUR ACTUAL PROFITS
on your crops are much more interesting to you than any other feature of your farm¬
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applied. Being rich in organic matter, — Bone, Blood, Meat, — with high grade Potash,
they supply plant food in ever available form.
READ THIS EVIDENCE.
" Last sprint: my neighbor, Mr. H. E. Perry, plowed up 2 1-4 acres of ran down grass
land, and planted it to potatoes, applying 21-2 tons of ‘Swift’s Potato Phosphate.’ 985
bushels of potatoes were produced; no other fertilizer or manure was used. Mr. Perry
says that the total cost of raising this lot of potatoes, all labor, seed, fertilizer, spraying,
etc., was $205.00. These potatoes at present local market prices are won h not less than
$600.00. Mr. Perry orders 6 tons of ‘ Swift’s’ for use this coming season.”
Yours, E. L. CIIAMBEK LAIN, No. Wolf boro, N.H.
Swift’s Fertilizers are made for all soils and all crops. Their formulas are based
on fifteen years practical experience with New England needs and conditions. See our local
agent or write us direct for our valuable Crop Handbook.
We have some localities open for responsible local agents.
Swift’s Lowell Fertilizer Co., 40 North Market St., Boston.
An
$45.00
$5350
No. 190 Runabout
Sells at retail for $65. Easy
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$48.50
BUY A NEW YORK STATE WAGON
DIRECT FROM FACTORY
We make the best New York State Standard quality Wagons
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You save all dealer’s and jobber’s
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Any wagon will be shipped to
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Send for Catalogue
Showing 200 styles of wagons
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VEHICLE CO., 360 Main St
No. 290 Buckboard
Retailers ask $70 for its
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No. 118 Top Buggy
F ully as good as retails for$75.
Will give years of service,
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$53.50
No. 350 — Handy Wagon
Removable seats, very strong,
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ROCHESTER
Rochester, N. Y.
WE SELL FARMS in Oceana, best County in U. S.
Fruit, Alfalfa, Grain, Vegetables, Stock, Poul¬
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Wicomico County, Maryland.
MOST PROFITABLE WORKERS
ON THE FARM
<j*souHeEwClwe£
[•I#
THE, PRICE MAKERS
For 17 years we have manufactured
Waterloo Boy gasoline engines
\\ e have made them so well, they have given such good satisfaction and we have sold so many at such reasonable prices
that we have compelled others to sell their gasoline engines cheaper. They had to do it or quit business.
We have saved the farmer both time and money. Every year has marked improvements in the Waterloo Boy.
For 17 years we have kept every promise we ever made in any of our advertisements. We will continue to do so in the future,
j or 17 years the Waterloo Boy has made good. It has been a reliable hired man. It has not failed in cold weather.
It has been reasonable in Price, Simple and Durable in Service. The Waterloo Boy Makes Good.
A Clean Record. Standing on this ('lean, Honorable Record, we now offer to the farmers the Buttercup
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^ GASOLINE ENGINE and aCREAM SEPARATOR — the two most profitable workers on the farm— the big money makers on the farm— together
they make a strong combination. These two machines, -a 1 54 horse WATERLOO BOY engine, and the best standard CREAM SEPARATOR-for a little more
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WATERLOO GASOLINE ENGINE CO., 184 West 3rd Ave., Waterloo, Iowa.
216
thk rural new-yorkkr
February 18,
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
1.02
5.94
.25
3.73
.158
1.528
.488
1.812
.293
.485
.372
.444
2.581-
13.939
Under this headl g»e endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. • No detiuite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘ protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, wuilo “fat” Is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in -fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A "narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
— a “‘wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbonydrat s.
Milk Ration for Durhams.
I have been very much interested in
your milk rations, but do not iind any
that just fills my need. I have corn, good
clovei hay and corn stover, and can buy
almost all the other feeds close at home
but sugar beet and dried brewers’ grains.
Cows are principally Durham, weigh from
900 to 1100 pounds. 1 am feeding for
milk. Can you advise me? G. E. s.
Maryland.
Here is the analysis of a balanced ra¬
tion composed of common feeding stuffs
which .ought to produce good results
when properly fed to good Durham
cows :
Dry Digestible Carb.
Feeding stuff. matter. Protein, and fat.
15 lbs. clover hay. 12.75
10 lbs. corn stover 5.80
2 lbs. corn meal.. 1.78
4 lbs. wheat bran 3.52
1 lb. O.P. oil meal .91
1 lb. cotton-seed
meal . 92
25. G8
Nutritive ratio 1 : 5.4.
If you prefer to grind your corn to¬
gether with the cob, feed three and a
half or four pounds of the mixture,
corn and cob meal, instfead of two
pounds cornmeal. c. s. G.
Feeding and Dairy Barn.
Will you give me a ration for dairy cows
weighing 1,000 pounds? We feed a slopped
feed. Corn chop, per ton, $25 ; wheat
middlings, $31 ; buckwheat middlings, $24 ;
cotton-seed meal, $30; green malt, 10 cents
a bushel; clover hay, $15, and straw at
$8 per ton. When we cannot get green
malt we feed dried beet pulp, $28, and
dried malt at $22 per ton. Give me the
dimensions for a dairy barn for 30 cow
stalls, two horse stalls, one bull pen, two
box stalls and feed room, with feed aisle
through center of barn, and height of
ceilings. c. w. w.
Pennsylvania.
If your cows are doing well I do not
know that 1 can improve upon the ration
you are now using, although you do
not give the amounts of the different
feeds used at present. Here is the
analysis of a very good ration, which is
probably about what you are using:
Dry Digestible Carb.
Feeding stuff. matter. Protein, and fat.
18 lbs. clover hay. 15. 30 1.224 7.128
2 lbs. cornmeal.. 1.78
2 lbs. buckwheat
middlings ...... 1.74
1 lb. cotton - seed
meal . . . . 92
5 lbs,, dried beet
pulp or dry malt,
with s
.158
.44
.372
1.528
.912
.444
sprouts
4. 08
.34
2.531
3.27
13.282
24.42
Nutritive ratio 1 : 5.24.
When- you can get the green malt at
10 cents per bushel, of course that is
the cheapest feed you can get, and the
ration given is only to use when this
feed is not ' available. Wheat middlings
at $31 per ton arc too expensive to use
unless your cows become too laxative
on the ration used and need something
more constipating.
Your stable should he 34 or 36 by 100
feet to accommodate the stock men¬
tioned. You could get along with it
30 feet wide, hut 36 feet would give
you a little more room in which to
work. The feeding alley should he four
feet wide, the mangers three feet wide
and the cow stalls three feet nine inches
wide, and the length to correspond with
the size of the cows kept. The box
stall should he about 10 feet square
and the horse stalls about five feet
wide. The hull pen can he made a
little larger than the box stalls if de¬
sired. The ceiling should be at least
eight feet high, and would do no harm
if it was a little higher. I would advise
putting in cement floors and chain hang¬
ing swing stanchions. c. s. G.
Ration for Jersey Cow.
I have a Jersey cow that is thin in
flesh, not in calf, and milking seven quaits
pcTr day. Her skin is very tight over back
and ribs. Along milk veins and around
udder is a kind of dandruff or scurf. She
eats fairly well. I am feeding 4 Vi pounds
of the following mixed feed twice per day :
Bran, 200 _ pounds ; corncob meal. 140
pounds ; cotton-seed meal, 1 00 pounds ;
buckwheat shorts, 100 pounds ; old pro¬
cess oil meal, 50 pounds. . Bough feed is
corn fodder and clover hay. u. s. u.
Pennsylvania.
Your Jersey cow is naturally a heavy
milker and has been fed for some time
on a good milk-producing ration until
she has become poor through the lack
of proper nourishment for building up
the body and secreting milk at the same
time. Scurf, such as you describe, is not
a disease, but it is simply the result of
a debilitated condition of the body and
a lack of proper grooming. It is usually,
though not always, accompanied by the
presence of lice. The first thing to do
is to look for lice and kill them if found.
A little unguentum rubbed on the
stanchions and on the head back of the
horns and places where the cows can¬
not lick it off will kill the lice. As this
is a deadly poison it must be used with
care. The ration you are using is good
for milk production, hut should contain
more cornmeal to keep the cow in
proper condition physically. I would
suggest that you discontinue the corn
and cob lneal and use clear cornmeal
in its place, gradually increasing from
100 pounds to start to 150 pounds at the
end of about 10 days. If not con¬
venient to get the clear cornmeal in¬
crease the corn and cob meal gradu¬
ally up to 250 pounds in your mixture.
Brush your cow thoroughly every day.
Give her a good bed of straw or shav¬
ings to keep her clean and make her
comfortable. You will soon notice a
decided improvement in her condition
if you will adopt the suggestions given.
• c. S. G.
Ration for Butter.
Will vou make up for me a ration for
butter?* 1 have only mixed hay on hand.
I can get cornmeal, bran and middlings
and linseed meal. I have some concen¬
trated food. c. T.
New York.
The following ration compounded
from the feeding stuffs mentioned is
well adapted for cows from which the
milk is used for making butter;
Dry Digestible Carb.
Feeding stuff. matter. Protein, and fat.
20 lbs. mixed hay. 17.42 .844 9.25
4 lbs. wheat bran .3.52 .488 1.812
3 lbs. cotton - seed „ _
meai . 2.76 1.116 1.33o
1 lb. cornmeal . 89 .079 .704
24.59 2.527 13.101
Nutritive ratio 1 : 5.2.
While this ration will produce fairly
satisfactory results it could be much
improved if you could get some oil
meal, silage or dried beet pulp to feed in
addition to that which you already have.
I have never seen the concentrated food
named and do not know what it is, but
if you know it to he a good feed you
could use up your present supply by
mixing one or two pounds a day with
the ration suggested without increasing
the total amount fed. c. s. g.
Ration for Heifer.
Will vou give me a proper f<>ed for a
heifer three years old that will freshen
about April 1? I have only mixed hay
(common). F. J. o.
New York.
A good ration for your heifer could
be composed of all the mixed hay she
will eat three times a day for roughage
and a small grain ration fed twice a
day, the amount depending entirely on
the size and condition of the heifer. If
she is in poor condition, five or six
pounds per day ought to start her to
gaining nicely, while if . she is fat
enough now, three or four pounds
would probably be sufficient to keep her
in a thriving condition. I would mix
about 300 pounds of wheat bran with
200 pounds of ground oats and 100
pounds of O. P. linseed meal and feed
as described. c. s. G.
IV^ade Cor the Man
Who Wants
She Best
When vou write advertisers mention The
B. N.-Y. ‘and you'll get a quick reply and
•“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
Edwards Interlocking
"Reo” Steel Shingles
fteed
No Repairs!
They Last as
Long as the
Building
They are stamped of best Bessemer
Steel 5 to 12 feet long and 24 Inches wide.
They are made either in plain steel, painted
on both sides, or heavily galvanized. They
will not rust nor corrode. The interlocking
feature covers the nails and provides for
expansion or contraction.
Put Them On Yourself
Anyone enn lay these shingles on any roof.
Just a hammor and a low nails is all you need.
Edwards Interlocking Reo Steel Shingles
will save money for you. They will last
longer than wood-shlnglo or composi¬
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$10,000 guarantee bond that no roof cov¬
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stroyed by lightning.
Factory Prices— Freight Prepaid
Being tho largest manufacturers of every kind
of iron and stool rooiing material, we are in a
position to quoto you lowest possible manufuc-
turer-to-user prices.
Write for Mew Catalog 273
which gives valuable information you Bhould
have. You can save money and have a hotter roof
by buying Edwards Interlocking Reo Steel
Shingles. Send us dimensions of your building
and wo will quoto you cost of a Reo Steel Shingle
Roof delivered at your railroad station. (36)
THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING COMPANY
223-273 Lock Street, CINCINNATI, OHIO
Make
$4.00 to $3.00 More
From Each Acre Sure t
I.
s
msm Mi
Tine ©me Spreader
TEnat Stamps tfine Sttpaim
You want a strong spreader— one that can stand the strain. There Is only one In
that class. It’s the Great Western. Over 1C3.00J progressive farmers, and most
U. S. Government and Stale Experiment Stations have proved it. See the Great
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guarantee every Great Western to stand 50 per cent more strain and require
50 per cent less repairs than any other spreader in the world.
The reason is high Quality. We build spreaders as they should be built. When
you know how much more oak, hickory, malleable, steel and wrought iron is in
the Great Western Spreader than in any other, you’ll underslaTid why the Great
Western is the only spreader strong enough to stand the strain. When you know
what other spreaders are made of it won’t be hard for you to understand why they
are not strong enough to stand up under the heavy loads and hard work. I ho
Emdlless
Apron
Ctc&I WesQem
Spreader has an endless apron that runs on 3 sets of extra large rollers-
drawn equally from both sides, so there’s no friction— no binding, no matter
how unevenly you load it. The Great Western Spreader has a big, 16-inch,
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end no matter how heavy the load or how many horses you put on. The
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“ you read the startling spreader facts in our book -
Send us your name now and ask for Free
Spreader Catalog No. S29 Address
SMITH MFG. COMPANY
158 E. Harrison St.
Chicago
For Best EXTENSION LADDER “ <®S3S"
JOHN J. POTTER, H Mill St., Binghamton, N. Y.
get all
the
dope
No
matter
what
size or
style oi
spreader
you want,
wooden or
steel wheels,
35 to 100
bushels capacity
—you’ll suit your¬
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Great Western
Paint Without Oil
Remarkable Discovery That Cuts
Down the Cost of Paint Seventy-
Five Per Cent.
If you’re only thinking
about a cream separa¬
tor don’t fail to do a
thorough job so that
when you buy you’ll
buy right. Look up
the merits and faults
of all the various
kinds; ask everybody
you see using a sepa¬
rator how he feels
about it; get all the
catalogs, and don’t
■ ' j .
overlook the Economy
Chief Dairy Guide for
1911. It’s worth a lot
of money to dairy
farmers in every state.
Ask for a free copy
today.
A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Every¬
one Who Writes.
A. L. Rice, a prominent manufacturer of
Adams, N. Y., has discovered a process of
making a new kind of paint without the use
of oil. He calls It l’owdrpaint. It comes In the
form of a dry powder ana all that is required is
cold water to make a paint weather proof, firo
proof and as durable as oil paint. It adheres to
any surface, wood, stone or brick, spreads and
looks like oil paint and costs about one-fourth as
much. ..
Write to Mr. A. L. Rice, Mannf’r., 408 North
St, Adams, N. Y., and he will send you a freo
trial package, also color card and full Informa¬
tion showing you how you can save a good many
dollars. Write to-day.
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
AHalf the Cost— with the
PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Dumping (Jaltiron. Empties
its kettlein one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food forstock. Also make Dairy and
I.aunclry Stoves, Water and
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hoe
Scalders, Caldrons.etc. H^”Seud
for particulars and ask forcinulan J
D. It. SPERRY & GO., Bat .via, Id,
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Chicago, Illinois
w
Wa&iied at Osuce— A Wim
To Make $100 Per Month Above Expenses
1500 MEN THROUGHOUT THE U. S
ARE MAKING BIG MONEY
with our largo lino of over 80 different household neces¬
sities corYsistln" of homo remedies, extracts, spices, soaps,
perfumes, toilet articles, stock and poultry preparations,
polishes, etc. all guaranteed under tho National Food
and Drugs Act and conforming to tho Pure Food require¬
ments of every state. Sold chiefly to country people.
Wo import, manufacture and sell in enormous quantities
Capital and surplus over ono million dollars. Factory
floor sp.aco nearly 5 acres.
Wo want ono man in each unoccupied locality to take
full charge of everything pertaining to our business in
his district. Must bo of good health and habits, honest
and i ndustrious, not under 21 nor over 50 years of ago,
abloto furnish outfit similar to that illustrated above,
ulso several responsible men to vouch for his integrity.
Such under our instructions can make not less than
$100 Per Wtenth Clear Profit
above expenses first year, $1800 second year and $2400
third year. Colored people or women not considered.
Previous experience or more than ordinary education
not needed as with our thorough free coui fo of i nstrue-
tion in salesmanship tho work i3 easily learned and a
big; pleasant, healthful, honorablo and permanent busi¬
ness quickly established.
If you can’t meet requirements don't write: if you
think you can you aro tho man wo aro looking for and a
postal will bring you full particulars by return mail.
Lots of new inen starting and territory filling rapidly,
bo if interested writo at once clso territory vacant in your
locality will bo taken.
W. T. P.AWLEIGH CO. 31-40 Lib. St. Freeport. HI.
1911
017
THE RURAIS NEW-YORKER
MARKETS
Week Ending February 10, 1911.
BUTTER
The market on the better grades of
creamery has improved. The surplus, of
medium grade butter has been cleared out,
and there is a better demand all along
the line. Business in top grades of storage
creamery is slow,, the price asked by hold¬
ers being considered excessive.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 28 .© .29 1
Good to Choice . 24 @ .28
cower Grades . 21 @ .28
Storage . 19 @ .25
State Dairy, best . . . J2 4 ® .25
Common to Good . .19 @ .28 i
Factory . 16 ® .17
Packing Slock . 12 @ .10
Elgin 111. butter market steady at 2 cents.
CHEESE
Some slight improvement in trade is
noted in the better grades of colored whole
milk cheese. Winter made cheese is very
dull.
Full Cream, best . 15 @ .17
Common to Good . 12 @ .18
Skims . 05 @ .1
EGGS
Receipts continue large and the market is
irregular and weaker. Large quantities of
refrigerator eggs are on band, some selling
kelow 12 cents. Choice eggs of mixed colors
may now be had at retail for 25 to 27 cents.
Strictly fancy pure white are nominally 54
cents but this includes only a very small
part of current business.
White, «ood to choice . 30 @ .32
Mixed Colors, best . 22 @ .23
Common to Good . 20 @ .22
8torage . 12 @ .15
Western, best. . 25 @ .28
Under grades . 18 @ .22
BEANS
Market is very dull and weak, prices
given being more or less nominal.
Marrow, 100 lbs... . 3.85
Medium . 3.65 _
Pea . 3.50 @ £.75
Yellow Eye . 3.60
Bed Kidney . 6.50
WhlteKidney . 4.76
HOPS
On the Pacific Coast some contracting
for the new crop is going on, but the grow¬
ers are asking extreme prices, so that the
volume of business is small.
Prime to Choice . 28 @ .30
Common to Good . 23 @ .26
Pacific Coast . 18 @ .22
German Crop, 1910 . 46 @ .60
CIDER VINEGAH
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 ® .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
Business Is light, with a slightly stronger
tone in choice evaporated apples.
Apples, evap. fancy . 12 ® 13
Evap., com. to good . 06 ffi .11
Sun Dried . 05 @ .07^
Chops . . . 04^® .05
Cores and Skins . 04 ® .04
Raspberries . 28 @ .30
Cherries . 15 ® .18
FRESH FRUITS
Apple market rather quiet. Strawberries
from the South in very large supply and
market unsettled.
Apples, Russet, bbl . 2 00
King.... . 3.00
Greening . 3.00
York Imperial . 3.50
Baldwin . 3.00
8py . 3.50
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.75
Spitz, box . 1.76
Rome, box . I.o0
Winesap, box . . . 1 76
Gano. box . 1.45
Cranberries—
Cape Cod. bbl . 8.00 @ 9.50
Long Island, bbl . 8.50 ® 9.50
Jersey, bbl . 7.00 @ 8.50
Pears. Kicffer. bbl . 2.75 ® 3.60
Strawberries. Fla., qt . 15 ® .45
Oranges, Fla. box . 2.00 ® 4.26
Porto Rico . 1.75 ® 2.25
Grape Fruit. Fla. box . 2.50 @ 3.60
PlDcapplcs, Havana, 18s . 1.00 ® 3 00
Porto Rico, 30s to 24s . 1,76 @ 2 10
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Mushroom trade very good, at slightly im¬
proved prices. Cucumbers selling slowly.
Rhubarb and choice tomatoes in good de¬
mand.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 1.75 ® g.oo
Musnrooms, lb . 15 ® 25
Radishes, luo bunches . 2.00 @ 4.00
Tomatoes, lb . 15 rd> .40
Rhubarb, doz bunches . 50 ® [70
Tomatoes, lb . 15 @ .35
BERMUDA PRODUCTS
Potatoes, No. '.bbl . 6.00 ® 6.50
No. 2 “ . 5.00 @ 5.50
Beets, bu. crate . 75 @ 1.00
Carrots, crate . 75 ® 1.00
Lima Beans, ^ bu . 2.00 ® 2 58
Onions, bu. crate . 2.75 @ 2.00
Peas. ^ bu . 1.50 @3.05
Parsley, bu. crate . 1.00 @ 1.25
Romaine, crate . 50 @ .75
LIVE POULTRY
Receipts from the West have been de¬
layed by heavy storms, and desirable grades
are scarce and higher.
Chickens, lb . ; . 13
Roosters .
.15
.17
Ducks .
.12
@
.18
Geese .
.05
@
.12
Turkeys .
3.85
©
4.00
3.65
<fi
3.70
@
£.76
©
8.75
©
5.75
4.75
©
5.00
@ 4.00
® 5.25
® 5.75
@ 5.75
® 5.00
@ 5.26
@ 2.25
@ 2.25
® 2.25
@ 2.50
@ 1.75
AMERICAN APPLES IN LONDON.
Greening and Baldwin, bbl . 6.75
Albemarle Pippin . 7.00
© 6.00
® 7.50
Oregon, Newtown, box . 3.00 ® 3.25
Winesap . 2.76 ® 3.00
HONEY
Extracted clover is scarce and market
firm. Other grades dull.
White Clover, lb . 12 © .16
Buokwheat, ib . .09 ® .10
Extracted, lb . 07 ® .09
VEGETABLES
Trade in potatoes very dull and market
unsettled, with a considerable proportion of
frozen and inferior tubers offered. Cab¬
bage in very heavy supply. String beans
and lettuce from the South plenty and sell¬
ing slowly.
Potatoes— X. Y. State. 180 lbs . 1.35 @1.50
Long Island, 180 lbs .
Maine .
Sweet, Jersey, bbl .
Brussels Sprouts, qt .
Beets, new, J 00 bunches .
Carrots, bbl .
Southern, new, bbl .
Cabbage — Danish seed, ton .
Domestic .
Red .
Celery, doz .
Chicory, bbl .
Cucumbers. Fla. bu .
Escarol. bbl .
Endive. French, lb. | . 1 j "
Kale, bbl .
Kohlrabi. Southern, bbl .
Lettuce. H-bbi bkt .
Peppers. Southern, bu .
Onions, Orange Co., bag .
Conn. Yellow, 100 lbs .
White pickle, bu .
Peas. Fla., bu . ' 1*25
Romaine. Southern, y, bbl!.......!!!! !so
Salsify, ion bunches . . 500
String Beans, bu .
Spinach, bbl .
Squash, bbl . .
Turnips. Rutabaga, bbl _ . .
White, bbl .
Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches.'.'! . „.w
Egg Plants. Fla., box . 4.00 ® 6.5
Parsnips, bbl . 1.26 @1.6
Parsley bbl . o 50 © 4 (k,
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 2fi0 ® 3h)
. 1.36
@
1.50
©
2.00
©
1.60
(«
2.50
©
.16
©
3.00
©
1.50
©
3.00
. 8.00
©12.00
@
9.00
©36.00
@
1.00
@
3.00
@
3.50
©
3.50
©
.15
fd
1.12
@
4.00
®
1 25
,. 3.00
©
4.00
©
2.00
@
1.50
®
1.00
©
4.00
1.00
@
2_o0
©
2.00
©
2.25
@
1.00
©
1.50
©
3.00
©
6.50
@
1.50
®
4.00
3.60
® .14
© .16
@ .10
@ .18
« .14
© .20
DRESSED POULTRY
The supplies on hand are running poor,
very little stock being good enough to reach
top quotations. The only firm item in the
list is fowls of medium weight, about four
pounds.
Turkeys. Fancy . ., .22 © .23
Common to Good . 16 @ 120
Chickens, roasting, prime . 22 @ .22
Common to Good . 14 @ .18
Fancy broilers, lb . 25 © .28
Fowls . . . ]4 @ ,16J^
Capons, best, lb . ................. .24 © .25
Medium grades . 22 © .23
Small and Slips . 14 © .18
Ducks „ Spring . 15 @ .20
Geese, spring . 12 @ .14
Squabs, doz . 2.00 @ 6.00
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Hothouse lambs scarce and selling well
when of good quality. Trade in pork dull.
Calves, good to prime . 12 @ .14
Common . 08 @ .11
Lambs, hothouse, bead . 5.00 ©10.00
Pork, light . n © .12
Medium to heavy . . . 10 ® .11
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 © .17
HAY AND STRAW
Market Is barely steady on better grades
of both Timothy and clover. Most of the
receipts, however, are medium or below, and
meeting a dull trade.
Hay. No. 1. ton.... . 21.00 © 22.00
No. 2 . 18.00 @ 20.(10
No. 3 . 15.00 © 17.U0
Clover Mixed . 12.00 ® I8 60
Clover . 10.00 © 15.00
Straw, Rye . 9.00 © 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 © 10.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers. 100 lbs . 6.25 ® 6.85
Oxen and Stags . 4.00 @ 5.26
Cows . 2.40 ® 5.10
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 8.00 @11.00
„ Culls . 4.00 © 650
Sheep, 100 lbs . 3.25 @ 4.50
Lambs . G.00 © 6.76
Hogs . 7.8O @8.90
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.14 ®
No. 2, Red . 97 ...
No. I Macaroni . 1.00 @ . .
Corn, as to quality, bush . 49 @ .52
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ 37
“ye . . @ .85
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 26.00 © 26.50
Standard Middlings . 27.00 © 28.U0
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop . 22.50 © 23.70
Linseed Mr .1 . 35.00 @ 36 00
Corn Meal . 24.00 ® 26.00
WOOL
NewYork Fleeces. Delaine. unwashed.. 26 ©.27
Ohio Fine, unwashed . 22 ® .23
Kentbcky, throe eighths blood . . .'29 @ 30
Michigan, half blood . 28 @.29
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.40
Middling Gulf . 14.65
New Orleans. Low Middling . 14.25
Good Middling . 16.12
TOBACCO.
Conn, broadleaf-flller . 08 © .10
Fine wrppe-s . 50 @ .60
N. Y. State Fillers . 06 @ .06
Fine and Selections . 12 © .06
Ohio, Zimmer's Spanish . 19 @ .10
Virginia Dark Lugs . 07 .20
Dark Leaf . 10 © .09
Bight Cutters . 12 © .20
The Mortality Among Chicks.
Many beginners find out, sooner or later,
that it is easier to hatch chicks than to
raise them. The mortality among newly-
hatched chicks every year is enormous, and
most of those that die succumb during the
first three weeks. Those that live to be
six weeks old without sickness have a very
good chance to reach maturity. The death
rate varies greatly under different condi¬
tions ; but taking them as they are, good,
bad and indifferent, it would not be out of
the way to say that half the chickens
hatched do not live through the first six
weeks. Trustworthy observers say that out
of a hundred eggs incubated, either under
hens or in a machine, 2r> may be expected
to come to nothing on account of infertility,
breakage or failure to develop, leaving 75
to hatch ; and this should be accepted as a
satisfactory result. They say, too, that the
average poultry keeper will probably lose
half of each hatch by the time the survivors
are six to eight -weeks old, and therefore
will have only .’18 birds fo show for the hun¬
dred eggs that he started with. Some go
still further and shock the enthusiastic be¬
ginner by telling him that he should be sat¬
isfied if he succeeds in hatching and carry¬
ing to maturity one bird out of every four
eggs. Of course these statements are based
on averages. There are plenty of poultry
keepers all over the country who get much
better results than these r but, on the other
hand, there are thousands of chicks that die
off every Spring in flocks where tile mortal¬
ity runs up to 80 or 90 pec cent., or even
more. The beginner should not be too easily
discouraged if his results are not what he
hopes for when he starts out to hatch.
WM. It. FISHER.
'ContinentalRTA[ DER
The reputation and popularity of the JOHNSTON Binder is the result of the
many good, reliable features which proclaim its individuality, its meritorious con¬
struction, and its durability. The JOHNSTON Binder is all that a binder should
be— light, yet strong— built almost entirely of steel. It is simply con¬
structed— no experimental or “freakish” parts— and works perfectly in
all kinds of soil and grain. Built in several sizes, with or without
tongue truck.
Farmers experience great satisfaction in owning JOHNSTON ma¬
chines because they are built along duality lines, are durable and eco¬
nomical to maintain,
JOHNSTON machines have been used on two hemispheres for over
half a century. They have won the farmer’s confidence and are keeping
that confidence. A wonderful record.
The JOHNSTON line includes Grain Binders, Heaters,
1911 catalog ~ Corn Binders, Mowers, Rakes, Tedders, Manure Spreaders,
String and Stike Tooth Harrows, Side-Delivery Rakes, Hay
Loaders, Disc and Orchard Harrows, and Land Rollers,
If you are interested in getting a machine that will give yon many years of
good, faithful work, buy a JOHNSTON — and be sure of results. Send for onr
new 1911 Catalog, which is profusely illustrated and goes into detail about JOHNSTON Quality
machines. We also issue a separate book on each machine. All literature sent free.
ADDRESS BOX 100-B
THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO.. Batavia N. Y.1
LEATHER TOP
RUBBER SHOE
For Farmers, Lomtermon and Sportsmen.
Yon can’t find a better
protection from snow and
Wet than the Manitoba
Boft leather top rubber
•hoe. After a trial you
Will never be satisfied to
wear heavy felt boots.
They are neat, close fit¬
ting and light in weight.
Made in all height s from
8 to 16 inches. Will out¬
wear any high rubber
shoe or pac that you ever
Saw. The Top is of a solt,
, liable, durable and pract-
cally waterproof leather
known as Special Chrome.
Beware of cheap
imitations made of
split leather. Such
shoes will wet
through quickly.
The tops are fitted
with Copper Klon-
yeieta ana Rawhide Laces.
The Over Is made of the purest Rubber. There
are two distinct vamps of heavy duck willi layers of
rubber between, fastened together under great
pressure.
The Solo is made to stand the hardest wear. The
Manitoba Is an honest made Shoe that will give hon¬
est wear, because the right kind of material and
^workmanship is pnt into it.
When you want any high grade,
satisfactory rubber boot or shoe ask
for the Beacon Fulls Rrun d, made
by a company that Is “not la a
trust.” illustrated Booklet free.
The Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co.
New York Chicago Boston
Trade Mark
Look for the
Cros*
AGENTS $3 a Day
NEW PATENTED LOCKSTITCH
NEW PATENTED LOCKSTITCH
AWL **30--
Sews Shoes, _ ^
Harness, Buggy Tops, Canvas, Grain _
Bags, Anything. Soils at sight. Astonishing low^rice to
agents Big profits. To show it moans a sale. Wo want a few
good, livo hustlers in each county. Splendid opportunity to
make big money. No experience needed. Write quick-
now — for terms. A postal will do. Send no money.
A. MATHEWS, 6065 Wayne Street, DAYTON, OHIO
Agents— Salesmen
Why not handle a good article which
quickly sells by demonstration to
Farmers, Teamsters, Factories. Mines.
Mills, and others.
Kara 840 weekly selling the Auto-
malic Combination Tool, the beat of
the kind In the world. Finely finished
and fully guaranteed. For stretching
all Fencing, Fulling Posts, Lilting nil
loads. Also used as wrench, press. clamp,
©tc. Weight 44 llm. — lifts or pulls 3 lens.
No experience neecssary. Free sales-
rnenship lessons. Bend a card today and
get our special Free 10 day trial offer.
Namecounty where you reside.
Automatic Jack Company,
107 Main Street, Bloomfield, Ind.
LIME
Hydrated, Powdered, iu bags, for fer¬
tilizing and spraying. Works near
Albany. Hudson River Lime Co.,
428 East 2Ctli Street, Brooklyn, X Y.
The Man Behind the Plow
Wants a Good Fertilizer
For the land’s sake
give him BOWKER’S
Plowing- is hard work. Don’t afterward lose its
benefits by using a poor fertilizer. Since good hard
labor is necessary to get the land ready, it would be
a pity to have the crop fail to yield its best at harvest
time through any lack of fertility.
Forty years of experience, prompt service, the
best materials, the best facilities are behind every
bag of Bowker’s Fertilizer. We have a brand to fit
every crop and every pocket book.
We want agents wherever we are not now represented.
Write today for prices and terms; this may mean a good
business for you if you act at once.
Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue and calendar.
We want you to know Bowker’s before you buy your spring
fertilizer.
RHWKFP FERTILIZER COMPANY,
jDVJYV TV Hi IV 77 Lyman St., Buffalo, N.Y.
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers.
ais
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 18,
FOUNDATION FOR WOODEN SILO.
S. I’., Colchester, Conn. — I wish to put
up a wooden silo 14 by 32 feet, the founda¬
tion to be about 10 feet in the ground. The
wall of' the barn is stone and at times is
wet. For this reason I fear that if I should
make the silo foundation of stone, it might
also be found wet on the inside of the
silo wall, which would admit air and would
spoil the silage. Please advise me as to
this matter. If I should put the staves of
the silo on the foundation about one foot
from the inside edge would the silage settle
at this point so as to make good silage?
Axs. — It is not quite clear from this
statement whether the moisture which
appears at times on the walls - of the
basement of the barn is seepage water
that comes through from the soil in wet
periods, or whether it may be dampness
that results from insufficient ventilation.
If the trouble is seepage water it would
be well to lay the wall up in cement
mortar, or make it of concrete with
large stone bedded in it. When plas¬
tered on the inside and the bottom of
the silo cemented, as it should be, it
would be essentially waterproof and
air tight. There would be no danger of
injury from the entering of air through
the wall, the only question being whether
there would be sufficient seepage water
to collect and stand in the bottom of
the silo, injuring the silage in this way.
If desired, there is no serious objection
to beveling the wall on the inside, back
six or eight inches, allowing the upper
portion of the silo to stand near the
outer edge of the wall. Many silos are
constructed in this way with no danger
of injury from lack of settling. Many
prefer to make the level on the outside
of the wall and, wherever this is of con¬
crete, there is no danger of injury to
the wall from the penetration of mois¬
ture and freezing, as there might be with
an ordinary lime-mortar wall. If the
silo wall is laid up in lime mortar it
must of course be finished on the in¬
side with a heavy coat of rich cement, to
make it air-tight. If there is trouble
from seepage water the danger is that
the mortar might be crowded off by the
water pressure. F. h. icing.
WAIT FOR THE HENS-
Our hens' combs are ashy in color and
their legs .somewhat bloodless as to looks,
and they do not lay except an occasional
egg. Seem to eat all right. We give them
dry mash, whole corn, oats and wheat, mak¬
ing them scratch for their grain, besides
grit and oyster shells; cabbage or apples for
green stuff; water fresh two or three times
■a day, warmed in the cold weather; meat
scraps. Our hens’ legs were clean, but we
• had some -liens sent us that were put with
•ours; those sent had scaly legs so that our
own are getting a trifle scaly, though wo
are lighting it with kerosene and liusei d
oil mixture on legs and kerosene on roosts.
We are feeding same as when hens laid
well. j. e. p.
So. Framingham, Mass.
Probably these hens laid in the Fall
and did not molt until late. The “ashy
hue” of the comb is quite common in
old lieus during the molting season, and
for quite a period after. It takes about
three months on an average for hens to
molt and get the new set of feathers,
and during this time the fowls act
dumpy, sit around in corners, and act
spiritless and dejected. Where the
molting. takes place in cold weather, the
liens must be decidedly uncomfortable,
and that alone is fatal to good laying.
The laying hen must, in addition to
being well fed, be contented, happy,
pleased with her surroundings, and com¬
fortable. J. E. P. does not state what
breed of liens he has, or whether they
are young or old, or what amount of
the different kinds of grain are fed. So
it is impossible to tell whether they are
underfed or not. But I think it safe to
assume that the man who takes the
trouble to warm the water for his liens
to drink will give them plenty of food
to eat. Probably in a month or six
weeks most of them will be laying
again. It is no unusual thing for hens
to stop laying at the beginning of Win¬
ter, especially if they are late in molt¬
ing, and not lay again until Spring.
That is the reason eggs are so scarce
and high priced in Winter. Poultrymen
have long ago found out that the only
way to get eggs in Winter is to hatch
pullets early enough so that they will
begin laying in October or November,
and then by proper feeding and housing
to keep them at it. I have 30 R. I. Reds
that last Winter when pullets gave me
16 to 20 eggs a day ; this Winter, as
year-old liens, they have not laid over
six eggs any day. But I am not dis¬
turbed ; after their Winter rest I shall
expect stronger eggs for setting in the
Spring than if they had laid well all
Winter. Many of my White Wyandotte
hens “have combs ashy in hue,” and are
not expected to lay until Spring, and
the same thing applies to them.
GEO. A. COSGROVE.
SKUNK FARMS ILLEGAL.
On page 1203, December 31, in an¬
swer to R. W. K., you state that there
is no general law on keeping skunks!
I enclose clipping from the “Argus,”
Albany, of December 29, showing that
it is unlawful to keep skunks in New
York State between March 31 and No¬
vember 1.
Agents of the State Forest, Fish and
(lame Department, it was announced yes¬
terday, have just nipped in the hud a
thriving industry in skunk furs which was
undertaken, by an enterprising farmer’s
family at Canaan, Columbia County. Re¬
ports came to the State Department re¬
cently from Cyro E. Cadalso, a special
game protector, that he had discovered a
violation of the game laws in the pos¬
session of skunks in the close season by a
family of farmers in Columbia County. The
matter was turned over to Game I’rotec-
tor James A. Colloton, of Albany, who
went over to Canaan to the farm pointed
out by Cadalso and found there .Tesse
Goodrich with a pen filled with 2i> skunks.
Goodrich admitted to- Colloton that he and
his son had been gathering the skunks and
fattening them up in order to kill them
later for their skins. The open season for
skunks is only from November 1 to March
15, and Colloton's visit to Goodrich was
made about the mitldle of October. Skunk
skins of considerable value were found,
and it was determined that Goodrich must
be shown that he could not arbitrarily
violate the law. Goodrich was brought to
Albany and then offered to make a settle¬
ment to avoid prosecution. Chief Protector
Leggo agreed to compromise the case and
Goodrich paid the State a line of 8100 and
agreed to keep out of the skunk industry
hereafter in the closed season.
Gansevoort, N. Y. \v. A. o.
Under such a decision the business
of skunk farming in New York will be
worse off than ever. In order to obtain
the exact facts we wrote the Forest,
Fish and Game Commission and re¬
ceived the following reply:
Mr. Goodrich, of Columbia County, paid
8100 for possessing skunks during the
close season. Section 84 provides that the
open season on skunks is from November 1
to March 15, both inclusive, and that they
shall not be possessed or killed at any other
time. It was proven that Mr. Goodrich
possessed skunks during the close season ;
therefore ho made a settlement with the
Forest, Fish and Game Commission as
stat< d above. The department is in receipt
of a great many requests from people ask¬
ing permission allowing them to start a
skunk farm, but you can readily see that
Section 84 prohibits the possession of
skunks during a certain period of the
year, and it is not within the jurisdiction
of the Forst, Fish and Game .Department
to grant permission for the possession of
skunks during that period.
LLEWELLYN LEOG$.
Chief Game Protector.
When you write advertisers mention The
I*. NT.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
•‘a square deal." See guarantee
Don’t Buy
Gears and Chains
When you buy a Hay Loader don’t buy
gears and chains but get an easy running
GEARLESS.
it does all that any cylinder or geared
Loader will do and lias none of their trouble¬
some parts.
Goars, sprockets and chainson a Hay Loader
area constant source -of. annoyance and fre¬
quently cause serious delays right in the heart
of the haying season.
The GEARLESS HAY LOADER has no
gears, no sprockets, no chains, nor any of the
troublesome parts of other Loaders.
Its very simple mechanical construction
makes it "lighter draft than others, and it will
outlive two or three other Loaders.
BOOKLET FREE
We want every farmer to have our Free Hay
Loader Booklet. It is full of Hay Loader
facts and illustrations.
Write a postal for it today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL.
The Farmer’s Son’s
Great Opportunity
Why wait for tho old farm to become your in¬
heritance? Begin now to prepare for
your future prosperity and inde¬
pendence. A great opportunity
awaits you In Manitoba, Saskatch¬
ewan or Alberta, where you can se¬
cure a Free Homestead or buy land
at reasonable prices.
Mow’s the Time
— not a year from now, when land
will bo higher. Tho profits secured
from tho abundant crops of
tV heat. Oats and Barley, o«
well as cattle raising, are causing a steady ad-
vance in price. Government returns show
that the number of settlers in West¬
ern Canada from the U. S. was GO
per cent larger in 1910 than the
previous year.
Many farmers have paid fortheir
la nd ou t o f t he proceed sofonecrop.
Free Homesteads of 160 acres and
pre-emptions of 1 GO acres at $3.00
an acre. Splendid climate, good
schools, excellent railway facilities,
low freight rates; wood, water and
lumber easily obtained.
For pamphlet "Last Best West," particulars
as to locations and low settlers' rate, apply to
Sup'tlmmig., Ottawa. Can., or to Can. Gov. Agt.
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa. Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse. N. Y.
(55)
DON'T PAY ANYBODY—
—MORE THAN WE ASK
Guaranteed Results — Long Free Trial
DAN PATCH\/\
Lightest Draft Spreader on the Market. Saves its
Cost in Horse Flesh in Six Months.
ABSOLUTE UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION
Start right here with a postal to me and inves¬
tigate my 1911 Dan Patch Spreader— low factory
prices — exclusive features and longest free trial
proposition on time or for cash. Write the others,
too, if you wish. I ll take all risks. First a
Postal Gets My Two Big books and My
Barnyard Gold” Catalogue.
You consider and compare from large photo¬
graph color illustrations all the actual practical
points— of my spreader (side by side in books or
on my free trial on your place.) Send me no money
if you say so. You decide. Write M. W. Savage,
President.
THE M. W. SAVAGE FACTORIES, Ino.,
Dept, I4| Minneapolis, Minn.
CULTIVATE OFTEN
ond you hold the moiBture
in the ground. Cultivate
shallow or deep as the crop
needs it and you release the
forgotten or unknown soil
properties which are needed
to make the crop grow prop¬
erly. Wc have been making
farm tools for 75 years and
think wc have ns good a line
of Hiding Cultivators ns you
need to choose from. SyLcY
BOH ACE RIDING CULTIVATORS
are long lived machines — adjustable for rows 28 to 50
inches, while in motion— teeth adjustable for depth nnd
angle — pivot or fixed wheel, one row or two— high or low
- 2 — wheels— work well on hillsides — farm closo
tn-nd tre.c, A complete lino. Our Anniver¬
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machinery, garden wheel hoes and drills,
etc. Address
PYTEMAN M’F’G CO.
Box 1027 GRENLOCH.N. J.
Save Time and Seed
By Using the 50 Year
Old World’s Standard
o ahoon
SEED
SOWER
Guaranteed to do more and better broadcast work
with any kind of grain or grass seed than any other
Seed Sower. Savestimeandlabor; givesbiggercrops.
Pays for itself many times over yearly, although it
is the highest priced sower. Made ofiron, steel and
brass. Lasts a lifetime. If your dealer cannot supply
you, we will deliver the Cahoon to any express
office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of $4.
Seed Sowers’ Mnniial tells how to save seed and
get bigger crops. It’s free. Send for it.
G00DELL CO., 14 Main St., Antrim, N. H.
SizeNo.2.3
ROLLER-BEARINGtt
LIGHT DRAFT ^
Get
Our
Book
Free
SUCCESS SPREADER
The only spreader with a 33-year record of good work. Simplicity, Durability
and Light Draft always foremost. Direct Chain Drive. No Cog Gears. The
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all patented. Catalog of facts Free. Write us promptly.
Kemp & Burpee Company, Syracuse, N. Y.
have a world wide reputation for high quality
and our prices have made them famous.
THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS’ f
J? PEji. - experience selling to the consumer means success.
K MW? We ship for examination, guaranteeing safe deliv- j
ijf fllln ery, satisfaction and to save you money.
Catalog shows all styles of pleas¬
ure vehicles and harness, pony
vehicles and harness, spring wagons,
delivery wagons, farm wagons,
and harness.
May we send you large catalog?
Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co.,
Elkhart, Indiana
3KxlO Skein- 54.70
■■
1911.
219
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER
THOSE $9 JERSEY HENS.
W. J. Dougan Tells It.
The hatching at this farm is done en-
tirelj- by incubators, there being four of
varying capacity. The brooding is done
with the heatless “system,” except dur¬
ing the cold weather, when we use some
of our own ideas. During cold weather
we set hens about the second week the
eggs are in the incubator, and when the
chicks hatch we put them with the hens,
as many as 30 to a hen. That saves
four-fifths of the work during the day,
and at night we take the chicks from the
hen and put them in the brooder, as
they are better there than so many un¬
der hen. We leave four or five with
the hen. We count on 30 chicks for
each brooder, as we use outdoor brood¬
ers entirely Summer and Winter.
After placing the chicks in the
brooder we start in and violate every
rule in the book. They all say not to
feed for 24 to 36 hours after hatching,
but we think no rule will cover the case
as the strong, or extra strong ones, will
seek food long before the weakling, and
also think that they both know when
they need food fully as well as we do.
The strong one will want it first, but
the weak one will not be benefited by
waiting. We give first feed of eggs,
boiled hard, and cut with bread crumbs,
from eight to 12 hours after hatching,
provided we have any eggs that were
tested out of machines. If we have
none of those the chicks must do just
as our family does while eggs are high —
go without. If no eggs and crumbs we
make “johnny cake” as follows t One
quart cornmeal, one quart wheat mid¬
dlings, one pint animal meal, one heap¬
ing teaspoonful of baking soda and a
little salt and pepper, then bake in mod¬
erate oven. The chicks will leave every¬
thing for that. Crumble that in the
brooder and see the scrambling. After
three days we put in a box of dry bran
and keep bran before them until they
go to market. We then sift the cracked
corn through a homemade sieve of mos¬
quito wire netting and after that follow
with wheat screenings as soon as old
enough. We use little chick food, as it
is so expensive. Of course the big fel¬
lows' catalogues will tell you the chicks
will die without their brand of food —
but don't you believe all you read. We
put in a box of chick grit, and plenty of
water. During the warm months we
give sprouted oats, as they make an ex¬
cellent feed. I don’t describe method of
sprouting, as I think everyone knows
how by this time.
We have covered runs to attach to the
brooders, which will give each 30 chicks
outside run of 36 square feet, it being
12x3 feet. Each side is 12x1 foot, one
inch wire with end piece 3x1 foot, the
other end against the brooder. Two
hooks hold it together. Usually at five
to six weeks we remove chicks from
brooders to colony houses. The colony
houses we place near some tree, and
erect fence about it ; we have portable
netting fence, made of shingle strips
(2x1 inch) with the wire between them,
and drawn taut; each section is 12x5
feet, and is convenient enough to cause
anyone to spend the time to make them.
We first put 60 to 75 or 80 chicks in
each house, and as they grow we sort
out the cockerels and send them to mar¬
ket at about 1)4 to two pounds. While
sorting them, if we see one which looks
more promising than the others, or better
built, we put that aside to hold for fur¬
ther development; sometimes they im¬
prove, other times they don’t. The
houses are so made that two men tip
them up on edge and put a sled under
them to move them about. We never
crowd, if possible to avoid it, so we
count on just as many for each house
as can sit on two roosts. Free range
may be a better way, but we know who
takes a chicken the other way.
As soon as a pullet shows signs of
maturity we apply the “system” to it,
and if it is what we seek, we put her
into the big house, and soon have a
layer; the best being four months and
five days this year. [This “system” is
the one described in “The Business
Hen.” — Ed.] Until the pullets are put
in the laying house my mother attends
to all feeding. She is a trifle older than
I am, but she is always on the job every
day, Summer and Winter alike, and she
would not let me put brooder cover on
for fear I would do it wrong, so there
is no interference. When choosing the
layers I just examine the pelvic bones,
and if they suit I look for a broad back,
about where the wings* join the body,
and then look for the body back of the
legs, taking those which are longest. I
don’t know if all layers are the same,
but with ones I have I find the best lay¬
ers have numerous feathers about the
head that seem to refuse to lie smooth.
I said we used the “Philo system of
brooding,” but why we call it the Philo
system I don’t know, unless it was be¬
cause we paid one dollar to Philo. Fif¬
teen years before we ever heard of Philo
we lived at Lake George, N. Y., and had
for . a neighbor a man who knew no
more than the law allows. He was a
great chicken man, and used to raise
them in boxes without heat; the only
difference I see is the style of the box;
one is finished a trifle more. We were
all so smart, having some education,
that we would not imitate his methods,
as it would be like stealing a baby’s
milk. It was entirely different when
we paid our good money for the same
knowledge. Then we knew the style, or
method, was worth adopting, so we now
use it. I am not trying to belittle the
system, as it will revolutionize the poul¬
try business; I am only wondering why
we did not use it before, w. j. dougan.
That Hog Pasture Plan.
On page 99 is a question about raising
pigs. The plan outlined of turning sows
and litters into a wood lot after settled
weather in the Spring I would consider
excellent, and while they will get a goodly
part of their living from the roots and
grasses, your reader cannot afford to have
them get a setback, and I would think an
extra feed of skim-milk and middlings
would more than pay. The amount needed
the feeder can tell from the appearance of
the pigs. They should show a steady
thrifty growth, and in feeding a sepa¬
rate trough for the little fellows in which
the mother could not get to should be
fixed. I have found that there is not a
time in an animal’s life that good care
and feed count for as much as when
they are young, and at no time will a
profit be turned into a loss as quickly or
as surely as then from a little lack of
cal-e and attention to the little things that
count. In this proposition a few minutes
spent in looking over and watching for
any of the little ailments and correcting
them at once every day I would think the
best insurance. e. hill.
New York.
It is reported that about 150,000 sheep
are now being fattened on field peas in
Colorado.
Cohn Fodder. — It is surprising the
amount of feed one can get off an acre in
corn fodder. We drilled in about five acres
June 23 and cut it with a binder October
10. We had 290 shocks of about 10 bundles
in each ; then I bought four head of cattle,
in addition to those we had, so wo are feed¬
ing it and have manure to put back 90 the
laud. Ilay crop was light and the fodder
and the 10 acres of corn we grew came in
handy. We draw out manure as fast as we
g“t it; drew out three loads this ‘morning,
and spread it around the peach trees; ex¬
pect to see them grow next Summer.
Michigan. j. jpcouT.
The past month has been one ef very
changeable weather; our sleighing has dis¬
appeared and the fields of wheat and grass
are bare. To-day has been cold and stormy.
Stock of all kinds is doing weli better
than the price — especially on heavy lambs,
which are a drug. Hast year th - y were
worth eight cents per pound. Som • paid
more per pound last Fall for feeders than
they can get now. Butter and eggs have
taken a sudden drop. Would it not be in
order to investigate the cold storage opera¬
tions a little? How is the farmer pro¬
tected if these millionaires can thus control
the markets? There is a larger (all for
horses than a year ago, and common west¬
ern teams are being sold at from $400 up¬
ward. Milch cows are also high, consider¬
ing the quality. Wheat, 90 cents: oats, 36
cents ; corn, 60 cents, barley, 80 cents ;
veal, 8% cents; hay, $15 per ton; Danish
cabbage, $6 to $7 per ton; potatoes, 38
cents per bushel. e. t. b.
Hopewell, N. Y.
Oi.over Silage. — Clover silage may be
made very successfully. Cut clover in full
bloom; cut as for hay, but do no‘ let it
wilt, and put it in silo just as it comes
from field. Spread evenly and tramp well.
■But a few buckets of water on ea< h load
after tramping in silo. We used hay rake
to bunch it, and hay fork and rope on a
pole to elevate into silo, but carrier and
track would be much better and more con¬
venient; one could then use sling ropes to
good advantage. Our clover was estimated
at six to ten tons per acre. I can put up
five acres of clover with less labor :.nd ex¬
pense than one acre of corn, saying nothing
about plowing and preparing ‘the ground,
planting and cultivating the corn. .1: -mem¬
ber, a large per cent of nutriments become
solids in curing for hay. and is tot 1 1 loss,
so far as food value goes, while loss in silo
is small. Silage was fed to horses, cattle
and hogs very satisfactorily.
Ohio. ir. d. williams.
Proof That Proves
The Quaker Oats Co.
Gentlemen : During the past few
months 1 have fed my dairy a ration com¬
posed of equal parts of Gluten Feed and
and Distillers Grains. About two weeks
ago I left out the Distillers Grains and
began using Schumacher Feed in itspiaco
and feedingjust the same amount. In two
days my dairy has gained thirty pounds
of milk per day. At present lam getting
as much 425 lbs of milk per day from four¬
teen cows. Thirteen of these cows have
been milked since last March and April.
The most important point to be considered
in this test is the fact that, while Schu¬
macher's cost me £6.00 per ton less than
the Distillers Grains, my cows actually
fiained in milk production by feeding
t, and at the same time when, as every
dairyman knows, it is the tendency for
cows that have been milked continuously
as long as these have, to shrink.
J. 15. Murray, Freedom. N. Y.
Gained 62 lbs of Milk
in Three Days
The Quaker Oats Co.
Gentlemen: I was feeding one bushel
Gluten 1 bushel Bran, and 1 bushel of
Cornmeal mixed, (equal parts bulk), when
I was advised to feed one bushel Gluten
and two bushels of Schumacher Stock
Feed. I was milking IN cows: in three
days my cows gained 62 pounds of milk.
They continued to do fine. I used up my
supply of Schumacher and went after
more but the dealer was out. I bought
bran and meal and went back to my
former ration. In two days my cows
dropped down 50 pounds in milk. I bought
more Schumacher as soon as I could, and
am getting very fine results again. My
cows not only give more milk but keep in
better condition. I have also fed my
horses Schumacher Feed, and I never had
them keep in as good shape doing heavy
work. C. B, AMES, Deievan. N. Y.
Gets Better Milk and
More Cream
The Quaker Oats Co.
We have used Schumacher Feed nearly
five years. From time to time I have
tried others but we are always forced
back to Schumacher to get our usual rich,
quality of milk. The Tack of cream on
top of our bottles is not only noticeable
to us but also the source of complaint
from our customers, when we are not feed¬
ing Bchumacher Feed. Naturally we can
highly recommend it.
Respectfully,
D. R. Harvey, Supt. Willow Brook Farm,
Jan. 4, 1911. Elmira, N. Y.
Read these actual proofs that the NEW
SCHUMACHER
Feeding Plan is a
Wonderful Milk Maker
Wonderful Money Maker
You can’t afford not to test it in face of these letters.
Here is the Plan — Try it
You, no doubt, are feeding high protein concentrates such as
gluten, cotton seed meal, malt sprouts, oil meal. Blue Ribbon Dairy
Feed and other similar high protein feeds, etc. If you will combine
Schumacher Feed with any of these in % to % the ration, you will not
only save $5.00 to $8.00 per ton on your feed, but get far better results in both milk
and “condition” of your cows. We don’t ask you to take our word for this— just read
the “ actual proofs ” in the letters herewith.
The Reason Schumacher Peed does so well* is because it is the best complete
_ _ _ ration in the world— the acme of feed-making science. Supplies those
nutrients your ration lacks, which build strong- tissue and rich blood— which
nourish the body and give the animal that strength and vitality so essential
when she is under the strain of continued milk flow. A corn, oats, barley
and wheat by-products feed. The best “balanced” ration you can use
It is an excellent feed for hogs. Get it at your dealers. If he
can’t supply you, write us.
The Quaker Oats Co Chicago
Largest Manufacturers of Feed
in the World
More Good Proof
The Quaker Oats Co.
Gentlemen : Schumacher Feed has
been a largo factor iu the ration we
feed our herd for the past two years.
We feed one-half Schumacher and one
half Gluten Feed. This summer our feed
dealer was out of Shumacher and we
bought one ton of bran to take its place.
After feeding this a few days we saw our
cows were shrinking. A car of Schumach¬
er arrived after wo had fed 1.600 pounds
of bran. We changed directly to Schu¬
macher and inthreod.iysour cows gained
a ten-gallon canofmilk. Duringone week
Of last .1 une we milked 1.6C0 pounds of in ilk
a day from forty cows which you will note
is an average of forty pounds to the cow.
I his was done on a ration of Schumacher
Feed and Gluten. The strong argun cut
in favor of Schumacher Feed is that it
keeps our cows in good flesh while (hey
are producing milk. Every cow we have
soldduring the past yearliaspone directly
"° tue slaughter house and sho has been
^‘d after producing a large flow of milk
all the season. Wo consider it a hard
proposition to make milk the yeararound
as we do, without Schumacher Feed.
_ _ Yours very truly,
0. Haskell & Son, Sandusky, N. Y.
Schumacher Feed is Also Fine for All Farm Stock
Milk Always Passes
Inspector’s Tests
The Quaker Oats Co.
We are feeding 8ehumaeher Feed to our
herd of 200 cows and find it gives strength
and body to our ration. It keeps cows
strong and fat, which is essential with us
as wo do not raise caves, but sell our cows
forbeef as soon as;dr> . Our milk is sold
to East Liberty residents and is constant¬
ly subject to tests as to purity and quality:
It always passes and we give Schumacher
the credit.
Yours very truly,
Hartman Bros.,
Pittsburg. Pa.
Feeds it to 3<DO Cows
The Quaker Oats Co.
. I mi Fading Schumacher Feed to my
herd of .100 cows at Braeburn Dairv I , ni
and shall continue to doso. It is just ne
feed to “balance” our high protein .n-
centratos. It keeps my cows fat, str -g
and always ready for market. lean so
feed a greater quantity of high pi, -.n
feed, thereby increasing my milk pro- • >t.
ion. Schumacher is certainly an excel¬
lent feed for dairymen.
Joseph Groves,
Braobum, Pa.
aiiO
February 18,
The Henyard.
WILL BACK THE HENS.
I do not think there is a shadow of in¬
sanity shown in W. J. Dougan's claims,
nor in his proposition, page 118, for a con¬
test of his 10 hens versus a milk-producing
cow, to decide as to their comparative
money earning powers for their owners.
Without any hint of a side bet, I would
take Mr. Dougan’s end, with the forecast
that, if it reaches a final settlement, Mr.
Cloud will forfeit his cow. The money
earning power of a dairy cow in the ordi¬
nary class are quite well fixed and admitted;
those of the hen are more unstable, and
less known. Keeping poultry being oui-
business, we concluded on February 1 a
one-year comparative test of 28 Lose Comb
Brown Leghorns and 12 Rose Comb Rhode
Islands Reds, to ascertain the relative
money earning- qualities of the two breeds
under identical conditions. The test being
made for our personal knowledge for prac¬
tical purposes, we have been very accurate
in keeping our records and all figures per¬
taining thereto were truthful for our own
satisfaction in attaining the proposed ob¬
ject in view. Without giving comparative
results of the test, 1 furnish such figures
from it as demonstrate the possibilities at¬
tained with hens in the ordinary. These
figures on which I base my opinion as to
the probable outcome of the 10 hens and 1
cow contest, resulting from the 12 It. I.
Reds. Our methods for realizing from
these varied from Mr. Dougan’s proposed
.plan, as outlined. We disposed of their in¬
crease in such different ways as we deemed
.most profitable, the bulk of cockerels being
sold as broilers or roasters to retailers,
at prices varying from G5 cents to 81 cents
each ; while a percentage was sold for
breeders in December, through an advertise¬
ment in The R.-N., bringing $1.50 each.
The females were ail held and are being
carried over, eggs being our objective. Mr.
Dougan's proposes raising 36 chicks, so I
conclude he will make use of incubators and
brooders. With us all hatching and rearing
of chicks was entrusted to the Reds, each
hen being allowed to incubate and raise
at least one brood, and a number, being
of that mood, did double duty, bringing the
average number of chicks up to 18 per
hen unit. We had what is termed "good
luck” as to the fertility and hatchability
of the eggs, and the livability of our chicks
to a profitable age. Hatches of 100 per¬
cent. were the rule in most cases, and
by avoiding diarrhoea, gapes and the ail¬
ments of chickhood, through eliminating
their causes, our losses were small, the
largest percentage of them being due to ac¬
cidents, sometimes resulting from an over¬
sight. These small losses are what have
made possible the high earning power per
hen unit and caused the several satisfactory
results obtained. From February 1, 1910,
to February 1, 1911, the gross earning
power of the 12 II. I. Reds, counting eggs,
poultry and breeders sold, and stock on
hand as inventoried January 1, 1911, was
$20 per lien unit. Cost feed, etc., per hen
unit, $10. Net returns for labor, $10 per
hen unit. These figures in round numbers
result from a conservative abstract of all
our records, which are quite complicated
by reason of the object we sought to at¬
tain. The test has been of great value to
us, revealing a score of interesting and
even surprising sidelights on practical poul¬
try keeping. The system followed in ob¬
taining these results if not all original with
us in its parts, at least is all our own in
its. homogeneous whole and probably varies
very much from Mr. Dougan's system; pos¬
sibly his is a better one. We have read,
barring "The Latest Hatch,” about all the
volumes at $1 per, those of poultry
"wizards,” and followed none of their sys¬
tems. Our system is a "balanced ration,”
resulting from our own experiences and all
we read with a good dash of personal opin¬
ion and some occasional try-outs. We have
no “open fronts” nor "muslin curtains;" we
feed no tankage, no ground bone, no meat
scraps nor ground oyster shells nor char¬
coal; yet we get results that we believe
can make the earning powers of the aver¬
age cow appear pro rata, very cloudy.
Pennsylvania. goki & sox.
IlE.N-s OK Cows. — The good wife says if
Mr. .T. Allen Cloud is not cautious he will
lose his tow to W. J. Dougan, and I am
of the same opinion, because ten hens of
the quality mentioned by Mr. Dougan could
if properly handled and their eggs sold
for breeding purposes, or tiie chicks hatched
and sold at 40 cents each, as he says, pay
a profit of a boil t $18 per head. But of
course to do this the hens must have
quality, either as exhibition or bred to lay
stock, therefore must be far above the
average flock of laying hens ; likewise a
COW that would produce a profit equal to
10 of such hens is away above the average
cow found in the dairy herds, so let us
put the question this way : IIow many
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
hens such as are found on the average egg
farm does it take to pay a profit equal to
the profit paid by one cow on the average
dairy farm? Let us give the egg farm
man's side of the question as briefly as
possible. L’nder ordinary conditions one
man can care for a flock of 1,000 laying
hens and raise the pullets for renewing the
flock every two years. The hens will pro¬
duce 10 dozen eggs each at 25 cents per
dozen 82.50 ; cash for food for hen, $1.25 ;
leaving a profit of $1.25 per head or $1,250
for the year’s work. The old hens sold
each season will pay for producing the
pullets needed to take their places. Now
what can one man get for his year’s work
on a dairy farm? jas. e. Walters, jr.
Virginia.
It. N’.-Y. — The statement by Mr. Benning¬
ton on page 129 is a fair answer.
Planer Shavings for Poultry Litter.
On page 110 is mentioned the use of
planer shavings as a substitute for straw
in a poultry scratching shed. It is a cheap
material for the purpose, but is it a good
one? What is the consensus of opinion on
the subject. f. j. h.
Los Angeles, Cal.
R. N.-Y. — What do the occupants of "The
Henyard” say? We like those coarse shav¬
ings. Sawdust is objectionable. It is too
fine, and the hens eat too much of it in
picking graiu out of the litter.
Tiie Ilarrodsburg Herald gives the fol¬
lowing information about hens :
Mr. W. II. Kennedy, a member of the
Boa i-d of Supervisors, informs us that he
has discovered a groat thing, one that
will make hens lay eggs on frigid days.
"If the man who owns hens,” says Mr.
Kennedy, "will only wear a red flannel
shirt whenever working about them they
will lay prodigiously. I don't know why,
but there is a psychological something
about red shirts that influences hens.”
Mr. Kennedy says lie has tried this and
it works.
Mating Birds. — In order to make any
improvement in our flock we must know
the breeding back of the birds we are
selecting as our breeders, and in order to
know their breeding a record must be
kept of each mating, and when mating the
birds if the male bird is weak in certain
points such as size or color then this bird
should be mated with females that are ex¬
ceptionally strong in those points. Fol¬
lowing this plan of breeding we may rea¬
sonably expect improvement in our flocks
each season. First we select our best
early-hatched pullets, also a few choice
yearling liens that are of good shape, size
and color, and have proved to be the best
layers up to the present time, and these
hens and pulle.ts are mated with male
birds bred from our best mating of tiie past
season. We have several matings each
season and a record is kept of each mating
so we can line-breed our birds, and yet
none of the birds are mated closely akin.
Line breeding is the only successful way
of improving the practical as well as
fancy qualities of any breed of poultry
or in fact stock of any kind.
D. R. HONE.
Quickest Poultry Profits
On Smallest Investment
Here is your chance at large, sure
poultry profits. Quick results gnar-
anlced— proved on most liberal FREE
TRIAL. Greatest bargains ever of¬
fered because highest quality made.
Let us prove it before you risk a cent on
any machine. Start right and at our risk.
I £ /\ Buys the Genuine
0 V 100-Egg Unito Incubator I
mbs 100-Chick Brooder $3.50
Only $10 for Both Together]
That beats them all by S.V00 to 87.00. You'll say
60 when you know the machines and see re¬
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beating system in both. Send for illustrated
catalogue showing construction and giving
full details of our plan for saving you
money by selling only goods of guaran¬
teed quality direct to users from 10 big
factories. Write
for offer quick.
The United
Factories
Company
ficpt.Xiil
Cleveland,
Ohio.
“ Hatching Facts w Free
I want to send you my 1911 Booklet. Just send name and
address on a postal — I’ll mail you my latest edition of “ Hatching
Facts ’ ’ — the most unique — most convincing— right -to -the- point piece
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you how to start right at least expense. My Belle City Incubator
won the World’s Championship last season. “Hatching Facts” tells
you all about it — tells you of hundreds of other wonderful hatches.
Write for the Booklet today — or if in a hurry, order direct from this
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* $4.85 Buys the Best Brooder
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Both Incubator and Brooder, Ordered Together, Cost
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Our Belle City Incubator will hatch more chicks, under
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The Belle City Brooder is the only brooder having
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No machines at any price are better— 75,000 in use.
Satisfaction Guaranteed. Write for book, "Hatching
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J. V. ROHAN, Pres.
140-Chick Brooder Belle City Incubator Co., Box 48 » Racine, Wis.
Perfect Equipment is THE Secret of Our Success!
With the experience gained in operating the largest Poultry Plant in tiie World, our
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INCUBATOR
is responsible for our great success, and will give to the struggling be
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Tli is Hover makes possible the tearing of the maximum of ‘'hicks ami the minimum
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Our best efforts are centered in the production of I >av-< >ul-< 'hicks and Hatching
F.ggs from matured stock. No pullets' eggs are used except for table
purposes. ..
We have just completed our 1911 catalog on incubators ami hovers. .*<
also our stock catalogue on J{niieoon» Strain CIIU'KS ninl
HATCHING HOGS. You are welcome to either or both of those
catalogs. Send to-day.
INTERNATIONAL POULTRY SALES COMPANY
Home Office, Box 285, Brown’s Mills-in-the-Pines, N. j.
Branch, 21 Barclay Street, New York City
WRITE YOUR NAME
ON A POSTAL
and Ret this big book on Poultry!
Raising, free, post-paid. It tolls |
how successful poultrymen food,
brood, rear, hatch and houso.
Full of valuable hints and liolps|
you’ll be pleased to know,
112 PAGES
! I; Practical Poultry Raising Experiences |
Socrets of
Jothers’suc-'
cess, Plans
for Poultry Houses. — how
to make a first-class brood- [ ^
er out of a piano box. Do- **
scribes the 1911 Sand Tray
Prairio State Incubators.
Prairie State Incubator Co.
406 Main St.. Homer City, Pa.
Mjmey-Making Pointers
On Chickens —
Our Bi8 FREE
Jf B'V rV,r*. Hook, ••l'rotlt-
ahle Po u 1 1 ry
Raising,” now ready. 212 big pages.
Illustrated. Shows famous birds and
largest poultry nlants. Tells bow to get
hatch after hatch, 90%— or better, of
strongest, liveliest chicks. Shows why
It's easy and sure with
CYPHERS ,ncg^™f"d
the self-regulating, self-ventilating,
non-moisture, fireproof, insurable
and guaranteed hatchers. Write for
this free book and get all the facts.
Address store nearest you.
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO.
I)ept. 38 Buffalo, N. Y-
Now York City, Chicago, III.
Boston, Mass. Kansas City, Mo.
Oakland, Calif. 2000 Selling Aeenti.
Poultry the Best Paging
Branch of Farming
The 1911 catalog by Robert II. Essex,
poultry ami incubator expert,
will start you right. Improved incu¬
bators and brooders. Read Why
Some Succeed Where others Phil.
ROBERT ESSEX INCUBATOR CO.
B4 Henry St., Buffalo, N. Y.
BUCKEYE#,
50 EGG
INCUBATQB
6
Simple, self-regulating, complete.
Guaranteed to batch every hatchablo
egg. Sold on 40 days trial with money
back in case of failure. 150,000 in use.
If your dealer doesn’t keep them write to us. We’ll send
you our catalogue and two books, “ Making Money the
Buckeye Way’’ and "51 Chicks from 50 Eggs,” Free.
THE BUCKEYE INCUBATOR CO., 508 W. Euclid Avenue, Springfield, Ohio.
Builders of Buckeye Port’ablo Poultry Houses
Sold Choapor Than You Can Build Them.
125-EGG WISCONSIN INCUBATOR $
AND BROODER— BOTH FOR
| Wis. Inc. Co. Tolley, N. D.
Dear Sirs: — We received the Incubator and Broodor in good
I shape, and to our surprise, not having any experience with
incubators, the first hatch was 94%, the second was 96% and
the third, 98%. We did not know anything about operating
the machine, but old, experienced poultry men say that is a
grand record. _ J. F. BELTZ, Prop, Ideal Fa rm. _
If ordered together we send both
machines for $lu. 00— freight paid
east of Rockies. Hot water, double
walls, dead air spaco between, top has throe walls, double glass doors, California Redwood, copper tanks, boilers; self-regulating
Nursery underneath egg-tray. Both Incubator and Brooder shipped complete, with thermometer, lamps, egg-testers— all
ready to use when you receive them. Incubators finished in natural wood showing exactly the high grade lumber we
use. If you will compare our machines with others offered at anywhere near our price, we will feel sure of your order.
Don’t buy until you do this — you’ll save money. It pays to investigate the * 'Wisconsin' ' before you buy. Read the letters
below — they are actual proof from users, showing the success they are haying with our machines. This is th~ most con¬
vincing evidence you could get. Send for the free catalog today or send in your order and save time. Ask the publisher
of Farm Journal or The Commercial and Savings Bank of Racine, Wis. about our responsibility.
Thos. J. Collier, Mgr., WISCONSIN INCUBATOR CO. Box 118* Racine, Wisconsin
All machines
guaranteed for 5 years.
Wis. Inc. Co. Evansville, Wis.
Dear Sirs: — We are well pleased with the incubator which
we bought of you. Wo obtained good results with it. From 455
fertile eggs wo got 416 chicks. I think it was a good hatch. I
do not think any incubator can beat that. The Wisconsin is
0. K. JOHN DOUGLASS.
Wis. Inc. Co. Lockport, Ill.
Gentlemen: — I had good success with your incubator. I
got 93 chicks from 97 eggs and 97 chicks from 103 eggs. I think
the Wisconsin is a fine machine. There may be others as good,
but I don’t think thero is any better. 1 have neighbors who
will send for one this winter. They are so well pleased with
mine. _ HECTOR DENNISON.
1911
THE1 RURAL NEW-YORKER
321
A MINER AND HIS FARM.
,He Digs Out a Home.
PART I.
I was born in England, of very poor
parents, in the year 1866, in Warwick¬
shire. At the age of a little over nine
years I commenced work in a brick¬
yard, 12 hours a day for tenpcnce, or
20 cents a day. At 10 years of age I
went into the coal mine, against father's
and mother’s wishes, because I could
earn eighteenpence in nine hours, and it
looked big to me, father not being able
to work at all for many years before
he died, having asthma. I was the
only boy at home at that time, or ever
after that, four others living but being
at different parts of the globe, scarcely
ever even writing. There were three
sisters and I at home at that time, so it
was up to me to hustle a little. Before
I was 13 years of age I got the roving
idea too strongly to resist, and left home
among tears, but I knew I could make
more money, so I went to Rotheram, in
South Yorkshire, where I earned four
shillings a day,- 15 or 20 shillings of
which I invariably sent home every two
weeks until my sisters got work in the
cotton mills, which were about that time
shut down for a long period. Here let
me say that the worst thing that hurt
me was to ask some one to write me
a letter to send home, and also some one
to read each one I would receive, as I
could neither read nor write. I got tired
of tl’.at and vowed I would learn, so
with spelling book and copy book I
learned what little I know without the
aid of any teacher. What a blessing
learning is! Like everything else, once
learned it is yours, no person can rob
you of it. So time went on until I was
nearly 16 years of age. The roving
spirit had been gnawing almost a year,
sometimes to enlist in the army, some¬
times to emigrate, so I came to this
country in 1882, and have been in 19
States since that time, some of them a
dozen times, until I got married in the
Spring of 1890 without ever saving a
dollar, although making good wages,
sometimes big wages. Being big and
strong, never ailing anything at that
time, I would pay my board and send
whatever I thought was necessary home,
something I never forgot (I am glad of
that now) while my parents lived; then
spent the rest. After marriage awhile
a man wakes up. We set up house¬
keeping partly on the installment plan,
a very good plan by the way when you
want to pay two prices for what you
get. Before that was paid for a baby
girl came, 20 months after that another,
23 months after that twin girls, and so
on until now there are nine girls living
and one dead, the oldest, one boy, mak¬
ing 11 children in all, with only the old
man to hustle. So in 1905 I had saved
some' little money, and work in the
mines was so irregular that it was next
to impossible to make ends meet, and I
foresaw that something must be done.
I had a great longing for a farm, not
wanting to rent one; I wanted to own
one, so that repairs or building up would
be of interest to myself or my family.
It was a hard proposition with me with
my limited capital and the family 1 had,
but I decided to go ahead. I bought 64
acres of land with a four-roomed house
and a small stable, and moved on the
9th of November, 1905. I paid what I
had and gave a mortgage of $1,000 on
the place at six per cent for two years.
That, by the way, was a very nice pic¬
ture to look at through the first Winter
months on the farm. After moving here
unknown to anyone things looked very
blue; my wife and children did not like
it. I got work at the mine near here
and went ahead, but they were very
lonesome and almost discouraged me.
We had nothing but the nine children
for stock, but after working awhile I
bought about 30 chickens and a Jersey
heifer at a sale. In two weeks the
heifer came fresh with a heifer calf,
which of course had to be raised.
Things looked quite different. I am
leaving you all to judge how much I
knew about buying a farm or farming
it when I had one by giving you my
previous history, but I worked on in the
mine. In the Spring I bought two more
cows and four pigs, and more chickens.
Of course I had a farm, and like all
other farmers I had to have lots of
stock, also a horse, a dandy at that.
She would suck wind through a goose
quill if she couldn’t find anything big¬
ger ; also buggy, harness, cultivators,
'rw rows .ar*d several other things.
That reminds of the same bill that I
>ead and reread before I went, for you
know how sales go, nine months’ credit,
and what I have often thought funny
since, my note was never questioned,
for being handy they knew I had bought
a farm. Surely everything was coming
our way at last.
The Spring rains came through the
shingles on the house fast ancr lurious
on wet days, so that when I went in our
place inside resembled an old-fashioned
creamery, dishpans, crocks, buckets and
almost everything else was set to catch
the drippings. The old stable was still
worse. This thoroughly . discouraged
everybody but me. I never let on ; no
room for me to say anything then. I
got shingles and reshingled the house,
hired a man to plow acres for corn
V/2 acre for potatoes, beans, cabbage
etc., and I planted it, nothing extraor¬
dinary for a farmer to do, but to me
quite a job. The potatoes .. got along
with quite well, but the peas and beans
were a long time coming through,
just about put the finishing touches on
the corn, for I marked out all the rows
for everything the full depth of the
plow, but I never squealed to anyone
at that time. I had learned the ok
adage: “Silence is golden,” but I leffnec
over fences and watched when I saw
other people sowing and working theirs,
and what saved me a good deal was I
was early with mine, so that I had time
to replant, and I worked that field time
and again. What a job I had on a hill¬
side ! I turned back long furrows of
sod in running my plow too deep; look
ing over fences I saw other fields nice
and smooth, corn up in nice straight
rows. .Mine was very rough and zigzag,
though I tried to go straight as I could.
Still by dint of hard work I had very
good corn, over 400 bushels of ears.
How I worked in cutting that corn,
shocks as big as haystacks, lugging big
armfuls up that hillside! I have often
wondered since why I did not try to
put it all in one shock. My potatoes
did well ; I sold some at $1.20 a bushel,
and all I had to sell were sold in July,
90 cents being the lowest I received for
any of them, and I sold a good many
peas and beans. I put in four rows
of each across a big field, never hoed
either peas, beans or potatoes that year,
and they did well. I am not an advo¬
cate of that kino of fanning, but I sim¬
ply did not have time to do it, and had
not the money to hire it done. Please
don’t forget that all this time I was
working at the mine, coming home about
half past four o'clock. d.w.
QUALITY
It is not the quantity but
the inherent quality of
SCOTT S EMULSION
that enables it to perform its
mission. It is the one reme¬
dy universally known and
used because of its ability to
quickly restore lost strength,
increase weight, and vitalize
the nerve centers.
There is vitality in every
drop of
Scott’s Emulsion
ALL DRUGGISTS
One Animal and Three Hogs
to an Acre
THIS is a fair estimate of the
the soil. On a farm of 80
average feeding ability of
acres the highest limit of
efficiency is 20-acre fields. Large fields diminish the
earning power because two small fields alternated will furnish
much more support for stock than the same average in one big
field. The fence is the important factor; and with the liber..!
use of gates, unlimited extension and alternation is simple.
The steel in Ellwood fence in specially as to prevent sagging. The small a ml
made from carefully selected stock.
It is hard, elastic, tough and springy.
The line wires, composed of. two or
more wires twisted into cables, give
each individual wire the shape of an
elongated, coiled spring. The fence is
therefore sufficiently elastic to take
care of expansion and contraction, and
yet so rigid when properly stretched
permanent mesli is made by weavi ;
one continuous wire throughout i.:e
fabric. The mesh or stay wires are so
interwoven that slipping is impossible.
The triangular truss is the strongest
form of construction known. For this
reason. Ellwood fence will stand the
hardest usage and still retain
shape.
its
Ellwood Fence is sold in your town.
Look for tho
. . - Ellwood deal¬
er and let him show you his different styles offence and quote you his low
prices. Get his expert advice on yoi-.r special needs. He is on the spot,
buys in largre quantities, g-ots the lowest carload freight rates, demonstrates
qnality before your eyes and is the man from whom you will get the most
for your money.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Co.
Chicago New York Denver Sar, Francisco
Send for copy of “Ellwood Fence Newer ■profusely illnstraterl, devoted to theinteresls of farmers and show-
ing how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm. Furnished free upon application.
HOW THE BEST WIRE
FENCE IN THE WORLD
IS SOLD AT A LOW
PRICE.
Proved by every test to be
the strongest and most dur¬
able Fence made. Straight to
you from the maker, free from
jobber’s and middlemen’s pro¬
fits 1 Made from Basic Open-
Hearth Steel, and doubly
strengthened by virtue of the famous
“Security” knot. . Sold by us for
less money than inferior fencing
owing to the immensiiy of the num¬
ber of orders we are constantly filling
for it. We pay freight on all orders of
Wire Fence amounting to $10.00 or
over, within 300 miles of Pittsburg.
Write for Catalog of prices and descrip¬
tions of Wire-Fence; also contains pictures
prices and particulars! of 10,000 other useful ar¬
ticles. 20 to 40 per cent, savings by our
“factory to yon” system.
MANUFACTURERS DISTRIBUTING CO.
Dzjt. H, Pittsburgh, Pa.
DIRT
out of the
■
You can*t
“ strain” it
out— kee
it out!
One milk pail and only one will do it. Milk goes
through the strainer cloth into the pail, untainted,
while the dirt shelf catches all the dirt from the
udders and handling in the
Sterilac Milk Pail
(Try It 1 O Days Free).
You will never give it up if you try it. The only
sanitary milking pail that ever got the approval of
a'l dairymen. Heavy, well made, the proper
height, just the right set,” easy to pour milk out
of, easy to clean, and, above all, ft keeps milk
pure. Best way to keep milk from souring, surest
way to keen out of trouble with Boards of Health
and Milk Commissions. Price *2.50. Ask your
dealer. If he hasn’t it we will send trial pail pre¬
paid. Return at our expense if not satis, actory.
STERILAC COMPANY, 6 Merchants Row. Boston, Mass.
EMPIRE FENCE
Get tho genuine EMPIRE big
wire fence, direct. at wholesale.
Save dealer’s profits.
Big Factory, Big
Sales, 23 Styles
No traveling salesmen, small
expense, prices low. Every-
guaranteed. Free samples by
ma.fl. Prices of leadingscylesfrelght pre-
paia to a!} points north of the Ohio and
east of the Mississippi River:—
lnoh*« high Medium Weight Extra hoa»j(all No.9)
39 23c per rod 37e per rod
47 28c per rod 4lc per rod
65 32c per rod 49c per rod
Special rates beyond this territory.
BOND STEEL POST CO., 23 E. Mauaee St., Adrian, Mich.
] 3i Gents a Rad
■»- For 18-in. 14 3-4e for 22-in. Hog "=■■*=*=*
Fence; loefor 26-Inch; l8 3-4ts
for 32-inch; 25c for a 47-lnch
Farm Fence. 48-inch Poultry
fence 28 l-2e. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Bo» 230 MUNCIE, ind.
FROST
WIRE FENCES
Extra Heavyweight Farm Fences. Built I
for service and satisfaction. Quality
first consideration. Best material and
■workmanship used in our Woven i
Wire or Field Erected Fences. |
Ask vour denier. FREE catalog.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dept. IX Cleveland, O.
48 iN.™cdE
25c
Best high carbon coile.l steel
wire. Easy to stretch over
hills and hollows. L AEE
Catalog — fences, tools. Buy
from factory at wholesale
prices. Write today to Box (57
7^ MASON FENCE CO., LEESIU KG, 0.
FENCE Mado?-~**.
Made of High Carbon Double Strength
Colled Wire. Heavily Galvanized to
prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at
factory prices on 30 days’ free trial.
We pay al I freight. 37 heights of farm
and poultry fence. Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 263 Winchester, Indiana.
Heaviest Fence Made
Heaviest Galvanizing
We make 160 styles Horse
cattle, sheep, hog, and bull
proof fences made of No. 9
double galvanized wires
and absolutely rust proof
Bargain Prices:
14 cents per Rod Bp
Poultry and Rabbit Proof
Fences, Lawn Pences and
Gates. Send for Catalog
and Free sample tor test.
The Brown Fence Ac Wire €0,
Bepti 59 Cleveland, Ohio
wszsm**
CYCLONE
Fences and Gates for Farm. Home,
Parks or Cemeteries. Increase prop¬
erty values. Strong, Lasting. Hand¬
some. Easily erected— all heights up to 10 tV-.-t. Our
catalog and price* will interest you. We pay freight.
The Cyclone woven Wire fence Co.
1237.K- 56th STREET CLEVELAND. OHIO
LOW PRICES hand's mno FENCE
nW °l ief ManJ cheaper than wood— all better. For Lawns,
Writ6 for Pattern Book and sptvt l offer.
THE WARD FENCE CO.. Box 945 Dooa.ur, Ind.
i auih cr&inc _ LAWN FENCE
LMBVI1 IklVUE ; iTBeeSoSjarvlKlL'lL Many Styles. Sold on trial at
.let ’
Many designs. Cheap as
wood. 82 pa,*e Catalogue
free. Special Prices to
Churches and Cemeteries,
oiled Spring Fence Co*
Be* 314 W incheater. Ind.
factor*1
Ini*®
rat
I at
wholesale prices. Srvs 20
to 30 per cent. Ill :.-trated
Catalogue free. Write today.
KITSELMAN BROS.
Bo.-: 440 Muncie, Indiari.
say
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.
February 18,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
During January we have received 74
accounts for collection through this de¬
partment, amounting to more than
$2,000. During the month we collected
50 accounts, aggregating $1,409.60, and
answered 216 inquiries for ratings on
houses with which farmers do business.
Nearly one-half the accounts received
during January were settled the same
month.
Frank Chase, the contractor for the
Pinellas chapter house of the American
Woman's League, has stopped work be¬
cause of the failure of the St. Louis officers
to pay according to contract. The con¬
tractor was to be paid monthly, but he has
expended $4,000 and got no payment. The
independent, St. Petersburg, Fla.
The intelligent women are getting
wise to Mr. Lewis. Further reference
to his schemes on page 211.
The Metropolitan Live Stock Insur¬
ance Company, Syracuse, N. V., is now
being liquidated by the State Insurance
Department. The policies issued by the
company have no value, and those who
followed our advice have saved their
money. Persons having any claim
against the company are- required to file
a written statement, verified by oath,
with Frederic G. Dunham, Special Dep¬
uty Superintendent of Insurance, No. 25
Washington Avenue, Albany, N. V., on
or before the 20th day of February,
(1911,
I would suggest that you warn your
readers against “promoter stocks.” A num¬
ber of people in this section have been in¬
duced to invest all their savings in the
trash, and uo one knows what will result
when they realize the worthlessness of
their holdings. o. w. H.
Pennsylvania.
The suggestion is good, and the con¬
clusion correct, hut we have been warn¬
ing. people right along against -such
stocks. Our old subscribers are im-
tmune ; but the new people coming along
from time to time have sad experience
to relate. Write your local papers and
others that you take and insist that they
show up such fakes. If they did so
generally the “promoters” would have
lean picking.
I have had in mind offering a suggestion
for some time. Would it not be practic¬
able and valuable to put the Publisher's
Desk department in book form? It would
need editing for that purpose, of course,
'but tb • point is it contains much valuable
'information, and has for many years,
liven when one preserves the files, how¬
ever, it is not readily available. One can
remember some detail, a name or address
of some transaction, but it is not possible
to find it readily by going back in the tiles.
If it were in book form and indexed, there
is much that would be helpful, especially
about men and firms whom it is well to
fight shy of — and remember. It might
make a worthy premium book for your
uses. With all good wishes, H. M.
New Jersey.
There is a good suggestion in the
above ; we have often thought of it.
But there are some difficulties in the
plan. If we can overcome them, we
may reprint the matter as suggested.
I am one of your satisfied new sub¬
scribers : paper “best ever.” I enclose you
•a postal of one of our “parasitical" firms
that are allowed to use our mails. For
about eight months I have not heard from
this G lobe Association, Chicago, Ill. ; rea¬
son: I wrote them a peppery letter. Still
they will throw oht their bait once more.
Wisconsin. W. n.
This concern has been under investi¬
gation by the postal authorities, and an
indictment was issued some time back,
.'and is probably yet pending. The De¬
partment is now doing good work in
running down shady schemes ; but it is
often liard to convict even when it is
clear that the scheme is a swindle. For
a new subscriber, however, this friend
is on his job all right. These people
’ try to make you think you get $S0 a
month ; but what you really get is a
commission on the privilege of faking
your neighbors for their benefit.
I am sending you herewith “dividend
notice" of the Ware Progress Company of
Chicago. I have none of its shares, but
have received quite a number of letters en¬
couraging me to buy. Would like to know
about them. i. s.
Pennsylvania.
This concern is located at Dayton, O.,
with apparently a representative at Chi¬
cago, Ill., and an acreage at Americas,
Ga., with some planting of fruit trees,
an estimate of the value of which we
have not been able to get with any de¬
gree of satisfaction. They also have a
canning plant. The real estate is re¬
ported to be mortgaged at $40,000. The
report would indicate that the business
is being well enough conducted, but we
see nothing in it to justify an invest¬
ment in its securities by outsiders. The
company has an authorized capital of
$,'100,000 which, of coqrse, represents
only the equity above the mortgage.
How much would you give per share for
$1100,000 worth of stock in your neigh¬
bor's farm with a heavy mortgage? A
Georgia farm is little different. A pe¬
culiar thing about the dividend notice is
the assurances that the next dividend
date is set for August 1, 1911. At the
expiration of 30 weeks they promise a
profit on the 1911 peach crop. It is to
say the least unusual that a dividend
should be declared on peaches that are
yet in the bud.
A Massachusetts friend recently asked
our advice about a 10-acre farm garden
proposition at Houston, Texas. He had
already made a small payment. We ad¬
vised him to forfeit his payment, and
burn the contract. He evidently sent
the letter on to the promoters, the
Allison-Richey Gulf Coast Homes Co.,
and they come back at us with sarcasm
enough to set fire to a water-soaked
hemlock log. Their contention is that
the South has great agricultural possi¬
bilities ; that we have not investigated
their corporation ; and finally that we
do not know as much about orange and
fig culture as paid Government em¬
ployes who make a specialty of the
subject. All this might be granted with¬
out affecting the merit of our advice.
The land promoting companies may be
trusted to tell all the good features of
the country they are promoting — we
were about to say exploiting — but we
have yet to find one of them who gave
a fair and honest statement of the diffi¬
culties and drawbacks of the country to
which they invite attention. In this
case, without any special information
on the particular proposition, which was
clearly stated, our advice was based on
the general principle. No man can
afford to buy land in promoting schemes
until he has personally inspected it and
is prepared to occupy it. In any of the
many land schemes that we have inves¬
tigated, a proposed purchaser can al¬
ways buy land better suited to his pur¬
poses outside of the company’s pos¬
session for less money than they charge
per acre. What protection is it to the
distant purchaser that the company is
strong financially? His money may help
make it so. Or that the State as a whole
is productive and prosperous? A 10-
acre lot in such a State may not be an
unmixed blessing. We would say nay
to no man who wished to establish him¬
self in so good an agricultural State
as Texas ; but we will not advise our
friends to buy a pig in a bag.
Do vou know anything about the Me-
Knight Itealty Co., 347 Fifth avenue. New
York City? Would money invested with
them he a good investment? It is claimed
that it will give a large return in a few
years. They have land at Whitestone, and
Flushing, and other places on Long Island.
Pennsylvania. b. F. Mi
This is rather a small company the
way real estate companies go, and it
has the reputation of meeting its obli¬
gations, but it does not seem to make
any definite tabulated statements of its
financial affairs, so that estimates of its
worth are all that could be furnished. It
is said that they have organized sev¬
eral other companies on Long Island.
These companies buy up acreages, divide
them into lots, and sell the lots. It is
said that the company has been success¬
ful along these lines. That does not
make the lots necessarily a good in¬
vestment for an outsider. If you want
to build a home on Long Island and
the location suits you, the location of
the lots might wisely be looked up and
the prices compared with other lots
equally as well located in the same
neighborhood and in other localities.
But thousands of lots on Long Island
have been sold in the same way to in¬
experienced investors. The companies
make money ; but the lots are often
sold afterwards for taxes. Long Island
is literally covered with these tax-sale
lots. The companies usually show con¬
siderable activity while the sales are be¬
ing made. Streets are being laid out
and sidewalks made in some instances ;
but when the lots are sold, the company
gets out and repeats the operation in a
new field. Then grass grows in the
old streets. There is no market for
the lots. Purchasers become discour¬
aged, and forfeit payments, and the lots
are sold for mortgage or taxes. This
is the history of numerous transactions.
There is absolutely no opportunity for a
farmer or anyone else living at a dis¬
tance to invest in such lots with any
reasonable hope of profit. Loss is the
almost invariable rule. j. j. D.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS— Black Langshan Eggs for
I sale. J. GORDON DRAKE, Port Huron, Mich.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons — Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. X. ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
American Poultry Plant. Collins, Ohio— Kelli-: stows
Crystal 'V. Orpingtons, WyckofF S. C. W. Leghorns, Mammoth
White Holland Turkeys, White African Guineas, I urtian Itunner
Ducks. Stock i' eggs for hatching. 500 choice male birds for sale.
Free guide to lighter work.
The Planet Jr 1911 illustrated catalogue is a
- complete guide to lighter farm work, better
fcX crops, and more money. Every farmer and
gardener should possess it as soon as the J
mail can bring it. What’s the sense dm j]
of drudging when you don’t have to?Xu|]
Write today, and let this free book •AM*!
help you select the labor-saving
implements you need.
S L Allen & Co
Bog II07V Phila Pa
No. ll] Planet Jr
Double-Wheel Hoe,
%
, i No. 4 |
1 Planet Jr
Combined
Hill and
Drill Seeder,
W h e e 1-H o e ,
Cultivator, and
Plow is a real ne¬
cessity in every good
» garden. Can be ad¬
justed in a moment to
sow all garden seeds, hoe,
cultivate, weed, ami plow
Unequaled for lightness,
strength and beauty.
has an important im¬
provement for 1911— a steeli
frame, making it prac-j
tically indestructible.
Adapted to many^
kinds of work. i
Pays for itself^
in a sin¬
gle sea¬
son.
X
MAKE HENS LAYH
more eggs; larger, more vigorous chicks;
heavier fowls, by feeding cut bone.
AfiJUlN’C LATEST MODEL
mAnll O BONE CUTTER
cuts fast, easy, fine; never clogs.
Free Trial. No money in advance. Book free.
• W. MANN CO. , Box 1 1 , MILFORD, MASS. M
An Incubator and Brooder bar¬
gain unparalleled — the biggest
capacity and highest efficiency
ever sold for the price. You get
all the best features found on the
high priced machines and in oddi"
you get an incubator made from special
heat and cold resisting material, with hundreds
of dead air cells which prevent absolutely, tem¬
perature changes and insure perfect hatches
every time. You are safe in buying my Pro¬
gressive Incubator, for my “Buy Back Guaran¬
tee” offers to buy it back from you if not satis¬
factory and pay you 8 per cent interest besides.
PROGRESSIVE LnIrooS°r!
rncp Buy right from this ad, or if you
inLL want more Information send «t
once for the “Progressive Method ,” it’, free.
G. C. Wheeler, Mgr.
PROGRESSIVE INCUBATOR
CO., Box 146
Racine,
FREIGHT
PREPAID
Try The
Bull Dog Feed Grinder
IO Day's Free
You can grind 5000 DU. of eol> and corn to
tabic meal with one set of Rollers and Con-
Damp grain can't clog it — nails
't break it. Has only 2 inch working
leverage which accounts for light running.
Get our FREE Catalogue and Samples.
CROWN POINT MFG. CO.,
204 E. Road. Crown Point, Ind.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Huy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKEI.I.AR’S SONS Col, Peekskill, N. Y.
HOLLY WOOD FARM
consisting of seventy-five acres of high class poultry, offers a
limited number of eggs for hatching from following varieties:
S. C. Black Orpingtons from first prize pen, Inter¬
national Show at Buffalo, 1911 . . SI 0.00 oer 15 Eggs
S. C. White Orpingtons from first prize pen, Great
Annual Batavia Show, 1910 .... 510.00 per 15 Eggs
White Plymouth Rocks from second prize pen at
(treat International Show, 1910 . . 55.00 per 15 Eggs
White Wyandottes, pen headed hy champion White
Wyandotte cockerel Great International Show,
1910 . S5.00 per 15 Eggs
White Leghorns from liens with records of 220
eggs per year . 53.00 per 15 Eggs
Our farm represents twenty-five years of experience
in producing the best. All eggs are guaranteed,
and every patron must be satisfied or money
will be refunded. Address HOLLY WOOD
FARM, Darien Center, N. Y., It. !<’. D.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHKR.
Single and Bose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Bocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks. $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of batching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Sate delivery guaranteed. Satis¬
faction. CAUL W. LLOYD, Mgr,, HILLSIDE,
Westchester County. N. Y.
BUFF WYANDOTTES £S„Uof
15. LAWRENCE ESSELSTYN, Clnverack, N. Y.
q n EGGS $1.00 — leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
L U try. Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
THE FARMER'S FOWL— Rose Comb P.eds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs,, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
WHITE WYANDOTTES and Indian "Genuine Fawn” Runner
Ducks. Grand Win a>id Lay Strains. Stock and
Eggs at honest prices. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Write 0WNLAND FARM. Bux 497, South Hammond, N. Y.
GRAY African and Mammoth Buff Geese Eggs from Exhi¬
bition stock, $4 for 9, or from utility stock, $3
for 9. Zella Wilson, 102 S. 7th St., Zanesville, O.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
100 S. C. YearlineHens at $2.00 each.
50 S. O. surplus Pullets at $2.50 each.
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each.
JAS. J£. VAN ALSTYNE, Kinderhook, N.Y.
Bonnie Brae White Leg¬
horns and Pekin Ducks
ARE BETTER
than ever.
Eggs from our
h o a v y laying
strains now-
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
R9CHU&NQ FARMS, Frederick, Md.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
WINNINGS— Madison Square Garden, K.Y., 1910—
4th Pen-S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
5th Pen-WHITE PLYMOUTH RUCKS.
Baltimore, Md.. 1911—
1st Pen-2d PULLET and 5th CDCKEREL
S. C. WHITE LEGHDRNS (three entries).
We are now hooking orders for
HATCHING EGGS and DAY-OLD CHICKS.
We have for sale at. moderate prices the best lot
of breeding Cockerels that we have ever offered.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A breeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
S. C. W. IiEGIIOnTNTS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y, HAVRE BE GRACE, Maryland.
FMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at X. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios,
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, Wkkdspokt, N. Y.
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Aneonas, S. C. It. I. Red.
Eggs. 90c. per 15, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per 00, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
S. C. W. Leghorn Eggs
perlS, $8 perlOO. Patapsco Farm, R.D.2, Reisterstown.Md.
OiNGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS-Hatching eggs from
0 vigorous birds a specialty. Quality kind at
right prices. Famous Lakewood strain.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Fleiriington, N. J.
Kirkup s Utility Strain SX. White Leghorns
Bred for vigor, size and large white market eggs.
Eggs and Baby Chicks for sale. Custom hatching a
specialty. Semi for circular. Kirkup Bros., Mattituck, L.l.
Everything in R. 1. Reds.
Stock the best, prices tho lowest. CHICKS now-
ready. Overlook Poultry Farm, Foxboro, Mass.
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS Ml
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm ^fces.'^Address
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
Eggs For Hatching-}?,.;;;, g;;£
Indian Itunner Ducks. High-class stock-
utility. show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 002
Fifth Street. Brooklyn, N. Y.
Davis S, G. Reds ISG COCKERELS
$3 and $5 each. EGGS FOR HATCHING.
BABY CHICKS— $15 and $20 per 100 after March 1.
BOOK ORDERS NOW. Davis Poultry Farm, Berlin, Mass.
COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES-Beauty&utility combined.
Splendid, vigorous Cockerels and Pens mated. Ad-
jflress Ralph W.oodward, Box 28, Grafton. Mass.
Pmil TPYMEN- ^end 10 cents for our fine 60-
rUULini IVIUV page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS. Marietta. Pa.
TA/RIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
VV for 100. Baby Chicks. $12.50 for 100; $7.50 for 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, StanfordviUe, N. Y.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS— Heavy laying strain— $5.00
1 per trio. GEO. BOWDISH, Esperauce, N. Y.
TUC PCI FRRATCn HUNGARIAN AND ENGLISH
Int fitLtDnAItU PARTRIDGES AND PHEASANTS
Wild turkeys, quails, rabbits, deer, etc., for stock¬
ing purposes. Fancy pheasants, peafowl, cranes,
swans, storks, ornamental geese and ducks, foxes,
squirrels, ferrets, and all kinds of birds ami ani¬
mals. WENZ & MACKENSEN, Dept. 10, Pheas-
antry and Game Park, Yardley, Pa.
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys
PARTRIDGE COCHIN Cocks and Cockerels for sale.
T>. S. Hartwell. (Stamp.)
HEDGE LAWN FARM, Washington, Conn.
EGGS— $4 pel- 15, $2 per 40 of Tlmr. Brahmas. Rocl.8, Wyan-
dottes, Reds, Minorca*. Hoiidaiidj Leghorns, Hamburg*; 19 vsr.,
2S years’ experience. Catalogue. S. IC. Mohr, Coopersburg, Pa.
1911.
223
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, February 18, 1011
FARM TOPICS.
A Good Job of Drainage . V.185, 186
A Discussion of Lime . 186
Stone Drains . 186
Alfalfa the Southern "Moses''..., . 187
The Producer's Dollar . 188
Alfalfa Seed in New York . 188
Cow Peas in New York . 188
Cow Peas and Oats . 188
Motor for Small Farm . 188
Five Acres Enough . 189
Stock Yard Manure . 100
Productive Power of a Man . 3 91
Inter-Cropping Asparagus . 3 02
Fertilizer for Rye and Clover . 3 92
Value of Speltz or Emracr . 192
Plant Food in Peat . 192
Growing Potatoes Under Mulch . 3 98
Spring Rye for Pasture . 3 94
Agriculturists, Farmers, Croppers . 194
New Seeding Machine Wanted . 195
Both Sides of the Manure Spreader. . . . 106
Top-Dressing Alfalfa . 196
Notes on the Hessian Fly . 198
Sawdust With Lime . 198
A Farmer on Reciprocity . 199
A Champion Potato Digger... . 3 99
Spraying and Pasture Grass . 200
Two Crops Off High-Priced I^xnd . 200
Drilling Wheat Both Ways . 200
Curing Over-Limed Land . 201
Hope Farm Notes . 202
Shredding Corn Fodder . !.!!!!! 213
A Miner and His Farm . 221
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
That Horse Company Scheme . 187
Gambrel-Roofed Henhouse . 200
Sulphur for Sheep Lice . 208
Rape in Canada . . 208
Warts on Teats . " . 208
Oxen for Work . 208
Dishorning Humane . . . 208
Milk Selling and Loss of Fertility.... 210
Hog Pasture in Maryland . . 212
Magic Egg Tester . 212
Exercise or Confinement for Cows . 212
Milk . 213
Butter Making ; Grain for Hogs ; Fence
Posts . . 213
Congestion of Udder . 213
Ailing Cow . 213
Good Words for the Short-Horn . 214
A Corn Harvester Necessary . 214
Pasture for Hogs . 215
Milk Ration for Durbams . 216
Feeding and Dairy Barn . 216
Ration for Jersey Cow..... . 216
Ration for Butter . 216
Ration for Heifer . 216
The Mortality Among Chicks . 217
Foundation for Wooden Silo . 218
Wait for the Hens . 21 S
Skunk Farms Illegal . 218
Those .$9 Jersey liens . 219
That Hog Pasture Plan . . .. 219
Corn Fodder . 219
Clover Silage . ’ . ' 219
Will Back the Hens . 220
Hens or Cows . 220
Planer Shavings for Poultry Litter...! 220
HORTICULTURE.
What a Dollar Will Buy . 194
Co-operative Fruit Growing in the llud-
A Tomato Grower's Story . 190
Fall-Bearing Strawberries . 191
Is the San Jose Scale Going . 193
Bone Meal on Berries . 193
son Valley . 195
Back to the Fruit Farm.’ . 197, 198
Moving I^arge Trees . .’ 198
A West Virginia Apple Region . 290
Blueberry Culture . 201
Garden Notes . i . 203
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 206
Sausage and Head Cheese . 206
The Rural Patterns . 207
Curing Hams and Bacon . 207
Keeping Goose Fat and Ham . 207
Carrot Marmalade . 207
Removing Black Stain . 207
M I SCELLA NEOUS.
Non-Twisting Fence Post . 186
A Rural Carrier on Parcels Post . 186
Dogs That Lead . 186
Plan for Recording Articles . 194
Editorials . 204
Other People’s Money . 211
Publisher’s Desk . 222
When you write advertisers mention The
li. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee
/zfcTONE. BOAT FRONTS
///^—. - of steel
HUSSEY PLOW CO. N. BERWICK MB'.
Always Handy on the Farm
Buy the Head and Bolts and make the Drag
yourself. Write for full information. We
also sell Drag complete.
HUSSEY PLOW CO., Dept. R, North Berwick, Maine
O IV T O IV QPTh T\— Fan cy home-grown stock .
WillWll JECJJ Send for sampies and
prices. J. B. QUIRK, North Madison, Ohio.
SEED OATS— Long’s Tartar and Read’s Green Moun¬
tain Ijeaming Seed Corn. High-class seeds at low
prices. Samples free. E. C. Detmer, Napoleon, O.
PAPFP PHTQ- Three-inch, $1 .25 al.000,
A A W A O four-inch, *1.75 a 1,000,
_ P- B. CROSBY & SON, Catonsville, Md,
For Snip fhpair-NEW shingle machine,
ud L vllldp suitable for a six or eight horse
power engine, J. L. JACKSON, Milton, Vt.
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Percheron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from $300 up, mares
irom $300 up. Address all correspondence to
O. N. WILSON, Kittanning, Pa.
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.
Hackney and Standard Bred Brood Mares, Stal¬
lions and Fillies, Aberdeen Angus cattle. Could
use Percheron mares, mules, automobile — new.
^eiid for Catalog of Stock. DELAWARE STOCK
FARM, Myer & Son, Prop., Bridgeville, Del.
FOR SALE— Jewel Hengcrveld Butter Boy-
1908. Sire, Leah Pauline T)e I\ol
-Born Oct, 8,
r, , — ~ - - - — Butter Boy.
Dam, Jewel Hengerveld De Kol 2d. He is O. K.
every way. Must sell — am overstocked.
MYRON J. PULIS. Warwick, N. Y.
S
UNNY BANK FARM BERKSHIRES for Sale. Choice fall
Pigs, both sexes; three service Boars. A few
>d Sows. Prices reasonable. Registration free.
A. F. JONES, Box 117, Bridgeliainpton, L. I.
A
BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PIG given for a
few honrs of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannettsburg, Pa,
Collie Pups"
i — Sable and white, from imported
champion stock. Are actual dri¬
ers at $8 and ’$10 each. Ira Keller, Prospect, Ohio.
fi ANT RRHN7F TURKEY eggs. & -°o per
UIHni Dnuntc 10; Rose Comb R. I. Red
Eggs, $1 .00 per 15; Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1 00
per 10. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
H. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
fALENTINE'S Reliable “Indian Runner Duck Book,"
' 50c. C. S. Valentine, Bos 3, Ridgewood, N. J.
S. C. RHODE ISLAND REDS.
Eggs from purebred heavy layers at $1 per 15,
S6 per 100. Choice matings. S3 and $5 per 15,'
For further particulars address
II. J. SEARS, Danvers, Mass.
WANTFTV~A Partner take half interest
TT 1 in and manage a fifty-acre fruit
and truck farm near Glens Falls, N. Y. Address
"RODGERS,” care Rural New-Yorker.
Wanted
To rent with privilege of buying,
farm of about 100 acres, with build¬
ings; principals only. Address “B., care R. N.-Y.
Wanted— Mill Property Particulars a n d
price sent to M. SONKUP, Willington, Conn.
FDR V A I °f 147 acres, three dwelling
I Uil OHLL houses, two barns, wagon house,
two sheds,- running water at house; fruit; water
power; saw and feed mill; $2,000 worth of timber.
One and one-lialf miles from railroad and milk
shipping station. An up-to-date farm. Price,
$4,700: $3,000 can remain on mortgage on farm.
Hall s Farm Agency, Owego, Tioga County, N.Y.
FARM WANTED, lease; good house, outbuildings
be low rent. P. O.
_ , must
ox 135, Rochelle Park, N. J.
D I.ICASI5 semi a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter,
Higgs. Poultry. Pork, Calves, Hay, Grain. Beans,
Apples, etc. K. It. WOOIMVAUP, 302 Creemvicli St., N. Y
GEOjP. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,
rie? tj Uv.tor- E?gs. Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms
aua Hot house Products a Specialty. Consignments
solicited. 34 <& 36 Little 18th St„ New York-
FOR SALE— Swift FOX HOUND and good COON
HOUND. H. H. SHUPE, Sugar Grove, Ohio.
SCOTCH COLLIES, Pedigreed. Best Blood, 8 Mos.
Beauties, Cheap. J. E. WILLM ARTH, Amityville.N.Y.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS
Hatching eggs, day old chicks.
CLIFFORD SCHKVVER, Omar, N.Y.
Kean’s White Wyandottes.
Bred for large size, heavy laying, vigor and fancy
purposes. Eggs, $10 per 100. $5 per 45, $2 per 15.
A few choice Pullets yet to seli.
RFKANKLIN KEAN, STANLEY, N. Y.
A/TY R. I. WHITES come nearest to the all
■LTJL round fowl of any breed in the world. When
1 originated this breed 22 years ago, in Wakefield, R.
L, my aim was to develop a breed that would equal
the Leghorns as layers, mature early, be easy to
breed, and be of the highest class dressed poultry.
Free circular that tells what I have accomplished.
It also tells about the most practical poultry feeder
and exerciser ever invented.
J. A. JOCOY, Towanda, Pa. 1-3
CLARK’S SINGLE COMB REDS won fifty-four ribbons
in 1910, including twenty first prizes. Also the
Rhode Island Red Club State Cup and Specials
for shape and color. Choice stock and eggs for
sale. Send for mating list. G. D. CLARK, Brook-
side Poultry Yards, Bellows Falls, Vermont.
MINISINK POULTRY FARM CO.
Single Comb Leghorn Hatching Eggs— 95$ fertility
guaranteed or money refunded— $10 per hundred
f. o. b. NORTH WATER GAP. PA.
POPK"PR'PT C— Prize -Winning Breeding
J Stock— Black Orpingtons
and Minorcas. QUOQUETAUG FARMS, Old Mystic, Conn.
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
pf pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen¬
dar for each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greider, Box 58 , Rheems, Pa.
Farmers and Poultrymen.
You must not blame ns if occasionally our en¬
thusiasm bubbles over when speaking of our cus¬
tom hatching department as carried on by our
experts in our mammoth hot water incubator.
Results are showing people all over the country
that we know our business by saving them time,
worry and money, and giving them stronger chicks
than the old hen or kerosene oil fume incubators
ever did. You send us the eggs— we’ll do the rest-
do it right and send you the chicks. Write for in¬
formation and prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM, Millerton, N.Y.
White Holland Turkeys
and Duston’s White Wyandotte Chickens. Walnut
Hill Stock Farm, N. Bacon, Mgr., Talcott, W. Va.
SNOW WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
$5 per 100 A few good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOLDENROD FARM, Dept. R, Stewarts town , Pa.
SHSWVS S, C, W, LEGHORN
Breeding Hens at low price to make room. Also
promising Cockerels cheap in quantities. Also K I
Beds. Eggs for hatching. St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.j!
Indian Runner Ducks*
—Fawn and White,
— „ - heavy laying strain.
Eggs, $1 .50 per 13; $8.00 per 100. F. J. FULLER,
Waterport, Orleans County, New York.
Austin’s S- C R- 1 REDS-200-egg Strain. Eggs,
’ $1.50 per setting. Prices on quantities
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre IlaXm! N h!
TESTED EGGS FOR HATCHING
White Wyandottes, Dustin strain, 50, $5.00; 100, $8 00
FRANK HYDE, Peekskill, N. Y.
Send for
^This Book
Before You Buy
A postal will do— write for it today. Don’t buy until you
see the dollars you can save in buying a New Butterfly
Separator direct from our factory. Read this letter:
“We arc surprised to get such a perfect machine
at such an unheard of price. The women are in
love with it — turns so easy — cleans so easy. The
boys won’t touch the Sharpies and De Laval — the
Butterfly runs so much easier.”
Chas. F. Wey bright, Syracuse, Ind.
That’s the secret of the success of the New Butterfly.
It turns easier — cleans easier— skims closer and costs
so much less. Then, it is guaranteed longer and sold
on a “make good ” plan. We give you
130 Days’ Trial Before You Pay.
We put it in your home— let you use it 30 days before you pay us a cent. If
not satisfactory you send it back— we pay all freight charges. You’ll find it a
later, far more modern separator; simpler— has fewer parts. A woman’s
separator In every sense of the word. So easy to care for— so easy to turn.
A0","!111 make a mistake if you buy before investigating the New Butterfly.
Send for Free Catalog now. GET POSTED BEFORE YOU BUY. Address,
lALBAUGH-DOVER CO., 2131 Marshall Blvd., CHICAGO
FERTILIZERS WORTH BUYING
VI e want a few more responsible local agents, men of good stand-
mg, to sell in localities where we are not at present represented.
New England Animal Fertilizers
are made from Rendering and Packing House Products— Bone, Blood,
Meat, etc. They are made on the formulas best suited to New Eng¬
land soils, and are complete and reliable in every respect.
READ WHAT THIS MAN SAYS: —
“ I shall want to nearly double my order for New England Super¬
phosphate. . I have been using myself and selling this particular
brand for raising corn, and it has given the best of satisfaction all
around. I used 1000 lbs. per acre, and got about 115 bushels of
handsome corn to the acre.”
H. S. POMEROY, Suffield, Conn.
And then write us for terms, etc., if we have no local agent in your
town. Ask for our Crop Booklet.
NEW ENGLAND FERTILIZER CO., Boston, Mass.
TheEas
Q
The harder you work the Louden Hay Carrier and the
heavier you load it, the better it shows up. You can’t
break it down— vrars of hard service won’t send the
LOUDEN HAY CARRIER
to the repair shop. It lasts a lifetime. ItslockhasB
square catch and cannot possibly wedge or fail to work.
The powerful wheel arms will never spread. All twist
and kink are let out of the rope by our simple patented
ropeawivel, the onlv successful swivel on the market. Won’t bind
on the track, has adjustable stops.
The Louden Balance Grapple Fork is the beat fork ever built. Will
handle dry clover, alfalfa or thrashed straw where all others fail.
The Louden Hay Carrier and Louden Grapple Fork will work
in any barn and handle all kinds of hay with more satisfaction
than any otbera. See them at your dealer’s— if be does not have
them, write ua.
Send for catalog of complete ham and cow stable fixtures —
Hay Carriers, Door Hangers, Litter and Feed Carriers, Cow
Stalls, Cow Stanchions etc.— also our FREE BOOK on the
value of manure and how to care for it.
LOUDEN MACHINERY CO.,
601 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.
<a
Wax
„ t Peach writes: “The Double Action ‘Cutaway’ i
2i?irenA,<Lt051* * us,e*tln polishing off my peach orchards several times
year. A good pair of horses handle it all right.”
The genuine “Cutaway” tools are used and endorsed bv suerassfni ,
ists from coast to coast and bay to gulf Dy successful orchard
SM ttisfif ‘JR site's : *>• H»
IITAWAV double action
W “ W¥ F\ I ORCHARD HARROW
KVftTT rtmlmr/Itcf onrl frniif fyrAii'Aw ekni.U 3 . , ... . » . .
n3VeJ7,.0rch,nrdist 3lnd 5?,!t ?rowet; should have one or more of these labor savers
gatt/is'to be’co n vi n ced ^ positively pay for themselves in one season. To investi-
toy other macdifne.' Dmtsa MeMn™*” T°°LS ^ ligtter d° butter work tIlu“
Send today for new catalog, “ Intensive Cultivation .” Of course, it’s free.
CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY
839
MAIN STREET
HICCANUM, CONNECTICUT
Hothouse Lambs.
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224
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Vol. LXX. No. 4087.
NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 25, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
EXPERIENCES WITH THE USE OF HAIRY
VETCH FOR COVER CROPS.
Vicia Villosa as a Cover Crop for Tobacco Lands.
Readers of The R. N.-Y. may recall an article by
the writer published about two years ago, on the use
of Hairy vetch for cover crop purposes. Since that
time I have had considerable further experimental
evidence and a greater field of observation in the study
of this subject. The important uses of this crop for
been secured by tne Office of Seed and Plant Intro¬
duction from Russia. Several experimental plots
were planted, located in different sections of the
Connecticut Valley The seed was sown on the to¬
bacco lands after the tobacco crop had been harvested,
and covered by the use of disk and smoothing har¬
rows. A good stand was secured of all of the
species of legumes tested, as the season was favor¬
able, and all of the plots entered the Winter in fine
condition. In the following Spring, after the snows
at the usual time, about May 15, and it was found
then that the roots of the Plairy vetch plants were
simply covered with small white nodules. The fine
roots had permeated all through the soil turned by
the plow, so that the nodules when exposed looked
as though the soil had been sprinkled with ashes, or
lime, or some white fertilizing substance.
Little seed was secured from the plants sown for
this purpose, as the plants crawling on the moist
ground were favorably located for the growth of
VETCH USED AS A COVER CROP IN A CALIFORNIA ORCHARD.
cover-crops, not only for tobacco lands, but for corn¬
fields and orchards, and its recent extensive use for
these purposes, has led the writer to attempt a brief
account of his observations along this line.
The possibility and desirability of securing a satis¬
factory legume for tobacco land cover-crop purposes
.was suggested by Dr. B. T. Galloway, Chief of the
Bureau of Plant Industry, in a visit to the writer’s
tobacco breeding experimental fields at Granby,- Conn.,
in the Fall of 1903. A large number of legumes
were tested for this purpose, amongst which occurred
Hairy vetch, Vicia villosa, the seed of which had
had departed, the ground thawed and became warmed
by the sun, it was found that of all the seeds tested
only the Hairy vetch had survived the severe Winter.
In the case of the Hairy vetch only about 25 per cent
of the plants had resisted the Winter conditions.
These plants began to grow with the first Spring
days, and in a short time spread out over the ground,
so as to make almost a complete covering.
Two of the plots, located where conditions had been
most severe, were not plowed that Spring, but allowed
to stand so that if possible seed could be harvested
from these hardy plants. The other plots were plowed
fungus diseases or molds which caused the flowers
and seed pods to drop off before the seeds ripened.
Enough seed was saved in each case, however, to sow
an acre the following season. The experience of the
first season, and correspondance with foreign seed
growers, taught us that it would be desirable to sow
rye or some supporting crop with this seed. It was
found that when growm with rye, about 10 bushels of
vetch seed and about 15 bushels of rye seed could be
harvested per acre. Since that time we have found
that it is possible to increase this yield by more ex¬
perienced seedings. The rye and vetch plants for
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
seed were cut with a mower, and the seed flailed out,
then separated. Since then a small thrasher run by a
gasoline engine has superseded the flail. The vetch
and rye seed are not easily separated with sieves,
and we have found that it can be most satisfactorily
done by use of a broad cloth endless belt arranged
in a framework which is tilted up at an angle of
about 45 degrees. The belt is turned towards the top
slowly, while the mixed seed is sprinkled in the belt
from a hopper or by hand. The round vetch seed
rolls down the belt to the bottom, while the long
rough rye kernels are caught by the nap of the cloth
and carried up over the top end of the belt.
Where this seed has been used on tobacco lands it
has been found that the soil has been greatly im¬
proved for tobacco production. The tobacco plants
on vetch lands are healthier, resist drought or flood¬
ing better, and require less commercial fertilizer than
where no vetch has been used. The writer has visited
many fields every season for the past five years, where
tobacco has been planted on vetch lands, and where
tobacco grew on similar adjoining lands, without
vetch, and in every case the vetch lands produced the
earliest, healthiest, best crops of tobacco. In fact, I
have seen soils that were unhealthy for tobacco grow¬
ing brought back to the best of condition, where a
change could only be attributed to the use of suc¬
cessive cover crops of vetch.
Little or practically no acclimatized seed is avail¬
able for any general planting. It seems to the
writer, that a large amount of waste land, now found
in New England and New York and nearby States,
could be utilized for vetch seed production. Not only
can valuable seed be produced for the cultivated por¬
tions of these farms, but the abandoned or semi-
abandoned fields can in this way be improved for
the culture of other crops. A number of New Eng¬
land farmers are now practicing this plan profitably,
and I believe it could be widely extended with equally
good results.
HAIRY VETCH FOR CORNFIELDS.— In the
cooperative breeding of a variety of dent corn adapted
for Connecticut, the writer and N. H. Brewer, of
Connecticut, conceived the idea of trying vetch as a
cover crop for cornfields. Accordingly, in 1907, a
10-acre cornfield was sown with Hairy vetch seed,
raised on the farm, in addition to the tobacco lands
which were annually seeded to vetch. The vetch seed
was pown in the corn about the first of August, broad¬
cast by hand, and covered by hitching a horse to a
small shallow-toothed harrow that could be easily
dragged between the rows of standing corn. A splen¬
did vetch cover crop was secured, which the next
Spring grew vigorously and produced a deep mat of
tender foliage. This crop was plowed under easily,
and the vegetation rooted quickly, and did not in¬
terfere in any way with the processes of planting,
cultivating or handling the land for the succeeding
corn crop. This field produced a record-breaking
yield of corn, as it has done since with usual methods
of culture. Other observations have shown similar
results, and the importance of the adaptability of
Hairy vetch for use in cornfields is such that the
writer cannot too strongly urge similar trials by
farmers in other sections. In some cases partial
failure has been met, because the soil was not in¬
oculated, from seed that was not Hairy vetch seed
but some other species palmed off as Hairy vetch
seed, from lack of knowledge of how to sow and
cover the seed, or from the lack of hardiness of the
imported seed. As a whole, however, our observa¬
tions have been very encouraging, and point to the
practicability and profit from this use of the Hairy
vetch crop for corn lands.
METHOD OF SOWING IN CORNFIELDS.—
From 40 to 60 pounds of seed should be sown per
acre. We have found it advantageous to sow with
the vetch seed from 10 to 15 pounds of rye seed per
acre, although this may not be the case in all places.
In one or two places the writer has seen barley seed
sown with the vetch seed with good results. One
man, sowing the seed broadcast, can cover several
acres per day. We have found it possible to sow over
three corn rows at a time. A small grain drill, used
for seeding wheat in corn, can be used to advantage
where available for this purpose. When the seed is
sown broadcast a narrow cultivator with small teeth,
or a small light harrow, or a drag with spikes driven
through it, can be drawn between the corn rows, with
one horse, and will cover the vetch seed satisfactorily.
Care should be taken not to run the cultivator too
close to the rows of corn so as possibly to injure the
corn roots. The writer has frequently found that
this shallow cultivation was a benefit to the corn
crop in dry seasons, in addition to covering the vetch
seed.
SOURCES OF VETCH SEED.— The only ade¬
quate source of Hairy vetch seed at present is im¬
ported seed. This seed can be secured in Russia,
Germany, Italy, France and other countries where this
vetch is extensively grown for improving the soil
and for forage. All of the leading seed houses carry
this seed, from whom it can be purchased at any time.
The desirability of gnnving an acclimated home sup¬
ply of seed is to be urged wherever it is practicable to
do so. This can best be done, perhaps, in some in¬
stances, as a co-operative neighborhood undertaking,
where the necessary machinery, e. g., thrasher, sepa¬
rator, etc., can be owned in common. The methods
of 'seed saving and production have not been fully
worked out as yet, as regards the best and most econ¬
omical method. Improvements on present methods
will doubtless be effected when the farmers begin
A SHOCK OF RHODE ISLAND CORN.
seriously to undertake this business. Enough has been
done, however, to show and prove that*home seed pro¬
duction is perfectly practical under present conditions
and with our limited knowledge of this crop.
U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. A. i>. shamel.
( To be continued .)
A “DOWN EAST” CORN CROP.
I am convinced that corn can be raised in New
England in competition with the West, acre for acre,
with the balance wheel in favor of New England. I
will give you a little of my experience. In 1909 I
planted a three-acre lot that had not been plowed in
many years, as it was some way from the house, and
it was in a very poor condition, not raising $5 of fod¬
der of any kind. I plowed it and harrowed with a
disk harrow until I had a fine mellow seed bed ; then
put one-half ton of fertilizer per acre sown broadcast,
and harrowed it with Acme harrow. I husked 290
bushels of ears of sound corn. In 1910 I planted the
same lot, same treatment, same amount of fertilizer,
and husked 308 bushels of sound corn,, one bushel of
ears when shelled weighed 35 pounds, making 62
bushels of shelled corn per acre. I sell most of my
crop for eating meal, which brings $1.50 per bushel of
50 pounds at wholesale, and 50 cents per peck at re-
A VINE OF MICHIGAN VETCH.
tail. I had another lot of 1% acres from which I
husked 172 bushels, which is a larger yield than the
other.
In regard to the expense, I do not believe it is fail'
to charge $5 per day for team and man, which is the
price here, but to charge the actual cash in money,
because if we farmers should hire everything done at
highest wages, we might as well give up the idea of
farming for profit. I have given you the yield of my
poorest lot of corn. I have just been to the crib to
shell a bushel of ears of corn, and am surprised at
February 25.
the result. The shelled corn from one bushel of ears
weighed just 35 pounds, or 70 pounds to the bushel,
making the yield 85 bushels of 56 pounds per acre,
Allowing six pounds per bushel for toll for grinding,
we have 85 bushels of meal at $1.50 per bushel per
acre, or $127.50. I am aware that that is an excep¬
tional price, but it is what I get. The above is the
yield of the best acre, the other was 62 bushels.
As to the actual cost it is hard to tell, as I did not
keep a special account of the time on each lot. I
shall plant about six or seven acres this year and
intend to keep an accurate account of the cost of each
lot, but I can give a pretty near estimate for one acre.
Dr., labor, actual cost . $15.00
Ono-half ton of fertilizer . 20.00
Husking 136 bushels at 5 cents . 6.80
Cr. 85 bushels meal at $1.50 . $127.50
By stalks . 15.00
$142.50
41.80
$100.70
The poorest yield 02 1-2 bushels at $1.50 . $93.75
By stalks . 15.00
$108.75
Dr. to labor . $15.00
Dr. to fertilizer . 20.00
Dr. to husking . 5.00
- 40.00
Cr. to balance . $68.75
I think the estimate for labor is full, high enough.
I do not know what the mills are paying for corn
now; the last 1 sold to the mill I got $1.50 per bushel
of 56 pounds. I am situated near a large city, and so
have exceptional advantages as to market, but never¬
theless I am satisfied it is to the advantage of every¬
one in New England to raise more corn. The corn
exposition held at Worcester last Fall opened the
eyes of a great many as to what New England can
do in the matter of raising corn. I enclose a photo¬
graph of the corn on my poorest lot, this page. The
shock was not put up for exhibition purposes, buLjust
as the men put them up, not knowing I was to take
a photograph of them. The kind of corn I grow is the
Rhode Island white flint, as the yellow is not salable
in this vicinity for eating purposes.
Newport Co., R. I. joshua t. durfee.
COLD FACTS ABOUT CHESTNUTS.
In issue of December 17 last I note article on chestnut
culture by II. E. Van Deman. I have been in correspond¬
ence with a nursery firm of Rochester, N. Y., relative to
chestnut culture. They are introducing the Sober Para¬
gon. IV hat about the Sober Paragon? Would this far
south at practically sea level be favorable to chestnut
culture? There are none here. n. a. b.
Run, Tex.
For several years past I have noticed the claims
about the “Sober” Paragon chestnut. Now the fact
is that the Paragoii is one of the best cultivated chest¬
nuts, and there is no need to brag about any particu¬
lar set of trees of it over another. Mr. Sober in
Pennsylvania got a start of the variety, which is a
seedling that originated in that State, and has no
doubt done well with the trees in the matter of bear¬
ing, etc. They are all good and equally good for
planting where the chestnut will succeed. But there
is much reason to be very cautious about going into
chestnut growing with the expectation or hope of
much profit anywhere in the Eastern States, for two
reasons, if not more. These reasons are the great
prevalence of the two chestnut weevils, especially
where there are wild chestnut trees growing, and the
terrible ravages of the chestnut trunk-blight which
is steadily spreading. In the West these troubles do
not occur as yet, and probably because there are too
few chestnut trees to furnish opportunity for propa¬
gating them. As the climate of Texas is too warm to
be very suitable for the chestnut to thrive, I would
think it unwise to do more than try a tree or two.
And why should anyone want to spend much time
and trouble on the chestnut, which is of doubtful
success at best, while the pecan is entirely at home
there and is the best of all nuts that grow? Why
chase after a phantom when there is a reality within
easy reach? h. e. van deman.
MICHIGAN VETCH.— Mr. Shamel’s ^article is
printed in response to several hundred questions about
vetch. Last Fall we printed an article by Mr. R. A.
Smythe of Michigan, who has been quite successful
with this crop on light fruit soils. Mr.. Smythe was
fairly swamped with questions about vetch, and could
not possibly answer them personally. In order to
show what this crop comes to when well established,
we show another picture of a single vine as grown
in Michigan, see above. You will see that it reaches
to the top of a tall man’s body and is certainly “great
stuff” on a fruit farm for adding humus and plant
food. Mr. Shamel’s article gives the leading facts
about it. Remember that he is talking about a Fall-
seeded crop like Crimson clover. This Hairy vetch
is not to be seeded this Spring. All the leading seeds¬
men offer the seed. Spring is the time to observe
how this crop grows, but not the time to sow it. If
you have any growing try to save seed from it.
227
ORCHARD HEATING IN CALIFORNIA.
Most lemon groves and some orange groves require
artificial heating to protect irom freezing in Cali¬
fornia, most Winters two or three nights and some
Winters six or eight nights, usually from two to four
hours early in the morning, but occasionally for seven
hours. I have used many heating devices and sev¬
eral kinds of fuel, and have never found a kind too
poor or too expensive for profitable use; for no or-
chardist with frost exposure can afford to do without
some kind of artificial heat. The most satisfactory
heater I have used is the Bolton, which is a 10-
pound lard pail made of iron with perforations near
the rim for draft, a double cross over the top as a
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
soot collector and a flat top sheet to keep out the
water. When loaded with five quarts of slop dis¬
tillate, costing here 2J4 cents a gallon, and set 100
pots to the acre at intersections, they will raise the
temperature on a still night from seven to nine de¬
grees, and will burn seven hours. Care must be used
to keep out the water.
The next best device is a sheet-iron round stove,
costing 25 cents each, 14 inches deep and 14 inches
across the top, with several perforations to create
draft. In this we burn a composition of half heavy
crude oil and half planing mill sawdust and chips,
thoroughly mixed while the oil is hot, and pressed
into the stoves. This device costs more for both
stove and fuel and will only burn half as long. The
next best is a basket of coal suspended from a tripod
with oil-soaked chips to start it. The Bolton heaters
once installed can be operated at an expense of $3
per acre per night, and will save any orchard where
fruit ought to be grown, but any device is better than
none. Orchard heating is a necessity at times in
many localities. a. hale.
California.
SMALL CORN SHREDDER EXPERIENCE.
On page 112 G. S. B. speaks of curing, storing and
feeding corn fodder, and you invite those having ex¬
perience to speak too. As we understand in this
section, there are cornstalks and corn fodder. The
former are the stalks after the matured corn has been
husked and removed, the latter is of a later planting,
sometimes as late as July 4, and is usually drilled in
rows far enough apart to admit of cultivation. Not
having time to make a growth of corn, and the stalks
being near together, they are fine and produce a very
little immature corn. We are growing fruit, and aim
also to grow enough feed for our own use. This year
we had 10 acres of corn. This we husked by hand in
the field until bad weather set in ; the remainder we
husked in the barn. Some years ago we installed a
gasoline engine to spray with ; then we bought a very
nice little shredder, and in Winter we run it with the
engine and shred the stalks in the barn, about two or
three weeks’ supply at a time. We like it well. It
does not grind up into dust the leaves as some of the
big shredders do, and as we do not shred a very
large pile at once, it does not lie in a large mass from
Fall and thr®ugh the Winter to heat and mould. Our
1011.
MAKING A CEMENT ROOF.
Permanent Results at Modest Cost.
Several readers of The R. N.-Y. have asked for in¬
formation about roofs made of cement. I therefore
give my experience. Roofing has become quite a deep
problem for all real estate owners who have to roof
and keep buildings in repair. Years ago, when our
forefathers had the old original pine and hemlock
straight of grain and a lasting quality of from 50 to
75 years, a man of 25 or 30 years, building a new
house or barn, did not expect to have to re-roof in
his natural lifetime, barring accidents. The life of
an ordinary pine, hemlock or chestnut shingle roof
of to-day is practically 15 years, and shingles at $2.50
per 1,000, besides nails and cost of putting on. They
must be repaired several times in order to get 15
years’ wear. This makes a very expensive as well as
unsatisfactory roof. Cedar makes a good roof if you
get the genuine cedar, but many farmers have paid
the price of cedar shingles, but the lasting qualities
were no better than home manufacture, which cost
about half as much. Same way with different felt
preparations ; some give a fair return
for the money, while others are worth¬
less or nearly so. Slate is good, but out
of many farmers’ reach in price and
cost of putting on. Many farmers who
can afford it are putting on galvanized
iron as they are compelled to re-roof,
but that is also very expensive. One
man of my acquaintance paid over $300
the past year for galvanized iron roof¬
ing. The dust at thrashing time is
very destructive to shingle roofs, and
the moisture from sweating hay and
grain hard on metal, beside the outside
elements wearing on them continually.
In the Spring of 1907 I decided to
build a small building for storing lime,
fertilizer, cement or anything that had
to be held a short time and must be kept
perfectly dry. I first made a good con¬
crete foundation, as I intended to load
it heavily for the size of building, 6x12,
with shed roof. When I was ready for
the roof I put false work of old boards
inside ' the building even with top of
plates, also boards about 12 inches wide
on outside at top for eaves and pro¬
jection; then I drove a 30-penny wire
spike every 12 inches around top of
plates and each end rafter, leaving the
spikes to stick up about half an inch.
Then I drew No. 12 fence wire from
one spike head to the other, both long
and short way of building, weaving like
a chair bottom. Then I put on my roof
of cement, one part cement to three of
sand, two inches thick. Pieces of old
buggy tires about 18 inches long were
bedded in the fresh cement on corners
of the projections to reinforce them.
In a few days I removed the false work
from inside and I found I had a roof
that I think will be doing business for
many generations, and I think it would
carry an ordinary team of horses with¬
out being damaged in the least. The
cost was $3.40, which included 50 cents
for sand and 50 cents for man half day
to mix the cement while I put it on.
As the roof has passed the experimental
stage, having passed through all kinds
of storms without leaking or showing
any signs of wear, I pronounce it a success, and al¬
most as cheap as poor shingles, besides the protec¬
tion from fire, wind and hailstorms, and see nothing
In particular to bar the use of cement for any build¬
ing, large or small, with good foundation walls and a
little extra timber for very large buildings. A build¬
ing of that kind if built of good material and kept
well painted should last for generations.
Columbia Co., Pa. w. a. bangs.
horses and cows clean it up and call for more; their
mangers are cleaned out twice a day, and the refuse
makes a good absorbent and bedding. It is also much
nicer to handle in the manure. I have seen it stated
in print recently that it goes much further than un¬
shredded stalks, and it may possibly. I think the
animals in eating waste less of it. We rented about
six acres of land last year and put it in corn fodder
June 23, and cut it with a corn binder October 10.
We had 292 shocks of eight to 10 bundles in a shock;
it was a paying crop; but corn fodder is hard to cure.
The stalks are juicy, and it cannot be put in the barn
in the Fall, as it will mold. We left ours out in the
open field, drew it in as we fed it, until about the
first week in January; then in a spell of good weather
we put the remainder in the barn. I think it will keep
well until fed. Owing to the fine stalks we do not
shred it; if we are careful not to overfeed, the cattle
clean it up very well and the little they leave we
throw to them for bedding. There is a prejudice in
the minds of some against feeding stalks or fodder.
Our horses like it and go through the Winter on it
very well. We feed them carrots two or three times
a week. Our cows will eat it in prefer¬
ence to clover hay, which most people
consider an ideal roughage for cows.
We have a large shredder in our neigh¬
borhood, and many farmers avail them¬
selves of it when it comes around, but
we like our own little shredder the best,
and I think it is best for the man with
small acreage if he has power to run it.
Michigan. john stout.
“SNOWBOUND” CORN KEEPING WELL IN LARGE SHOCKS.
HANDLING THE FAKE GOODS.
A great annoyance to many country
people is the sending of packages of
trifling goods to children (after getting
their names in some way) to sell in or¬
der to get a premium. The goods to
sell never amount to anything. Re¬
peatedly goods came addressed to my
children. My mode of procedure is to
destroy them at once. Soon a letter
would come asking if goods were sold,
etc. I allowed no attention paid to
this. It went on until threats were
made to prosecute on a criminal charge
for lefusing to return goods, and the
name of a firm of our county, well
known to me, named as the parties
through which the suit would be brought.
I did not scare at all, but notified them
that in case threats were repeated against
my children I would prosecute, and also
told them that no attention would be
paid to letters of inquiry unless postage
was sent. I heard no more from that
case. In one case I notified the firm
sending goods to send at once the
amount of postage needed to return
goods, together with cost of notifying
them (naming the amount) and I would
return the goods, otherwise I would
destroy them. They sent the amount
at once. In case all would go at it as I
have done, it would stop the business in
short order, I think. They generally get
names by offering a small premium for
a list of names. A child will send’ in a
list of names of their child friends, and
it is but a short time until all receive
packages of cheap goods to sell for a
HAIRY VETCH FROM CONNECTICUT CORNFIELD. premium, and when a child goes selling
the goods, no matter how trifling, few
will refuse to buy, as they are generally friends of
the child, and will not turn them down, although
they know the goods are worth nothing.
Pennsylvania. _ _ _ . E' BUSHYAGER>
We are surprised to see how much interest is
taken in farm drainage. There has never been any¬
thing quite like it in the country before. Men are
buying large tracts of wet land and draining it, and
individual farmers are draining wet fields. In nearly
every case a drained field is a telling witness to
show the value of drains. On our own farm we
have a wet field which for years was a mere eyesore.
Now that it has been drained it is one of the most
valuable fields on the farm. This great interest in
drainage is one of the surest evidences that farming
is to become a more reliable and profitable business.
Many a farm will now receive that degree of LL. D.
(lime, legumes and drainage), and it will also get
more of the consumer’s dollar through co-operation
with others. _ _ _
The Department of Agriculture thinks “the decline in
the production of peaches” has stimulated the growing of
early apples. Now that the scale can be handled peach
growing will increase. The business in Summer apples
will be limited.
228
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 25.
FRUITS FOR IOWA.
H. It. M., Belle Plaine, la. — I notice the
letter from S. G. Soverhill, of Illinois, on
page 34, and I thank him very much for
his suggestion. I had, however, decided to
use four varieties for the commercial orchard,
and in the home orchard will have about
15 more kinds, some of them for trial
here. It seems that each one has to be
his own experiment station, where as little
up-to-date care is given to apple trees as
in this locality. Each locality is different
as to climate, soil, location of orchard as
to elevation, etc. I plan to have a wind¬
break on the north and west sides of the
orchard. What would be good for that wind¬
break? Could I plant quick-growing trees,
such as the Carolina poplar or “sudden saw-
log,’’ and mix with them long-lived, slower-
growing trees, such as hickory or something
that would be productive? I plan to put
the rows east and west two rods apart,
and the trees one rod apart in the row,
and every alternate tree a liller to be cut
out later on. The four varieties I have
chosen for this locality after a great deal
of investigation are Eastman and Fame-
use for permanent, and Oldenburg and
Wealthy for fillers. I am testing out a
number of other sorts to try to find a good
quality Winter apple that will do well here.
Among these are Brilliant, Silas, Delicious,
Iowa Beauty, York Imperial, McIntosh and
some others. I hope to plant 10 acres more
adjoining in a few years of the kinds I am
testing out, giving at least four kinds of
permanent commercial trees. When the fill¬
ers are removed the permanent trees will
stand two rods apart in each direction. By
growing with a low head, as we ought to
do here, 33 feet ought to be enough. Trees
do not grow as large here as in the East
or South. Wild crabs here grow in low,
compact, round bush-like form. IIow would
four rows of permanent trees of one sort,
then the other, be? This will be a sod-
mulcli orchard. Land is loess (yellow clay)
now in Red clover and Timothy. I shall put
stable manure three feet around each tree.
Ans. — The plans as laid out by H. R.
M. for his orchard in Iowa are very
good. Two of the varieties, Eastman
and Silas, I do not know, but all the
rest are known standards. The plan of
having the permanent trees two rods
apart and the fillers in the rows run¬
ning east and west only may be better
than to have them both ways or only
north and south. Because of the hot
Summer sunshine I would prefer them
in the north and south rows. This we
used to think right in Kansas. The dis¬
tance of two rods for the permanent
trees is probably enough, and that is the
same that I used in Kansas, but where
trees will Hve to a greater age and grow
larger 40 or even 50 feet is far better.
My preferred plan is 25x25 feet in
squares. This will admit of thinning
out by taking every alternate row di¬
agonally in about 15 years from plant¬
ing and after some 15 years more cut
out another row crosswise and the per¬
manent trees will then be 50x50 feet
apart. This is too much room for apple
trees on the Western prairies. As to
wind-breaks, they would be a good pro¬
tection to the orchard, but the south
side is more important than the north
side, because of the strong and almost
constant wind in Summer and Pall that
injures the trees and fruit. The north
winds sometimes do damage in severe
Winter weather, and a wind-break then
would be a benefit. The common cot¬
tonwood is as good as the Carolina pop¬
lar. These fast-growing trees will soon
make a big growth, but they will so
overgrow the slow growers, such as the
walnuts, hickories and oaks, which
would make good permanent trees, that
they would not come to much if inter-
planted. H. E. VAN DEMAN.
where it did not seem to work down
into the soil at all, but formed a light
morter on top. It is not a good way to
use lime. It ought to be worked in.
The lime would not affect the nitrate
or the potash. There would be some
action with the acid phosphate to make
it less available.
What proportion of a combination of
chemical fertilizers made up of nitrate, acid
phosphate and sulphate of potash do you
recommend for use upon land in connection
with a fair coat of manure for Winter cab¬
bage, the land being a medium loam natur¬
ally well drained? In your opinion will cab¬
bage do well on such a soil?
We should use in such connection 50
pounds nitrate of soda, 400 pounds acid
phosphate and 150 pounds sulphate of
potash. Such land will grow cabbage,
provided it is not sour and is not filled
with cabbage maggots.
Mother: “Oh, Effie ! What has hap¬
pened to your dolly?” Effie: “The
doctor says it’s nervous breakdown. He
prescribed mucilage.” — Life.
WOOD'S SUPERIOR
Seed Oats
We offer all the best and
most productive varieties —
clean seed and first-class qual¬
ities.
*The New Washington
Burt or 90- Day
Swedish Select
Black Tartarian
Red Rust Proof, etc.
'‘Wood’s Crop gives prices
Special’’ and oilr De¬
scriptive Catalog gives full in¬
formation about Oats and all
other Farm and Garden seeds.
Wood’s Seed Catalog and Crop
Special mailed free on request.
T. W. WOOD & SONS,
Seedsmen, - Richmond, Va.
Alfalfa
No other farm crop
is as valuable for
feeding purposes.
Saves grain. Increas¬
es profits. Yields three to four cuttings a
season. Vick’sAlfalfa is 36 fl/
Positively free from VJ
dodder. Send fora sam- J 100/V^
pie, and have it tested __
at your State Ex peri-
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on Growing Alfalfa.”
Garden
and Floral
the fanner’s and gardener’s reliable hand¬
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today, and learn about Vick quality Farm
Seeds.
JAMES VICK’S SONS,
430 Main Street, Rochester, N. Y.
Vick’s
Guide
Fertilizer Questions.
I want to apply some lime this year,
about 400 or 500 pounds to the acre, and
wish to know whether it is advisable to
apply it to the surface of grass land which
is not to be plowed, but it is to be cut
for bay, the land being rather low, and if
you recommend sowing it on the surface of
the ground at about this season of the year,
will the presence of lime act injuriously
upon a chemical fertilizer consisting of
nitrate, acid phosphate and sulphate of
potash, which I wish to apply during April
at about 500 pounds per acre?
Lime applied to the top of sod has a
very slow action. We have had cases
CLO VER
§EED of unsurpassed quality at
reasonable prices. Grown in
the finest cloverseed section of this
country, carefully cleaned, fine
plump seeds of highest vitality and
purity. Also Timothy, Red Top,
Alfalfa; all kinds of Farm Seeds in
quality above the average. Send
for free catalog to-day. Special
quotations and samples on any of
above items on request.
The Livingston Seed Co., Box 17, Columbu*, 0.
CATALPA
SPECIOSA
TREES
SALESMEN WANTED
- - ~ for terms. PERRY NURS
TO SELL TREES AND PLANTS ERIES, Rochester, N. Y
A 'T' O New Victory or Rainy Weather
^ ^ Oats, extra heavy yielders, storm
resisting, ami best for low bottom land. Price 75c;
sack free. Cow Horn Turnip, 25c per pound.
SIEGEL the SEEDSMAN, ERIE, PA.
Mine are true to name. Write for free Booklet.
II. C. ROGERS, Box 11 Mechanicsburtr, Ohio
McKaY’S
McKnv>s
McMAY*S Acre Cherry Orchard, $15-
Peach Trees-
Dwarf Apple Trees —
McKAY’S Rose Bushes on their owa roots-
McKAY’S Fertilizer Chemicals - ■
r Box V, Hfg:htstown,New Jersey
12 FRUIT TREES
FOR 98c
WORTH
$1.90
1 Roosevelt, 1 Bradshaw Blum, 1
Niagara Beach, l Bing, 1 Napo¬
leon. 1 Montmorency Cherry, 1
Baldwin, 1 McIntosh, 1 King
Apple, 1 Orange Quince, 1 Bartlett,
1 Seckel Bear. All first class trees,
2 yrM 4 ft. high for 98c. Everybody
write for free illustrated catalogue.
Maloney Bros. & Wells, Box 13 Dansville, N. Y.
150 ACRES. Genesee Valley
IJ m M V grown. “Not the cheapest, but
B S1I.I..1 the best.” Never have had San
* Jose Scale. Established 1860.
GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO..
LAiALUu IKfcfc 20 Maple St.. Dansville, N. Y.
450.000
Send for our Book of
Trees — Tells How to
Pl&nt for F ruit
and Shade
Every person who expects
to plant trees this Sprmg-a
dozen or a thousand— should
first send tor Green’s 1:111
Complete Catalogue. It lists
everything desirable in fruit
and shade trees as well as small
fruit ; tells you how we sell direct
to you from our nursery and
quotes lowe-i "at-the-nursery” prices. By our money-
saving, quality-giving plan, yon pay no commissions but
buy directfrom one of the largest nurseries in the United
States, and you get nurserymen’s lowest prices.
Agent’s Prices Cut In Two
GREEN’S TREES
Direct to You
We prow, bud, und graft, quality trees from bearing orchards of
our own — all hardy, northern grown and true to name. Every tree
is triple inspected and guaranteed free from pests and scale.
Green’s Nurseries are located in one of the greatest fruit centers
in the United States — Northern New York — yet we are 6 to 12 miles
distant from other nurseries — no chance for contagious disease.
Our catalogue is our only salesman, and has been for over 80
years, but our square-dealing policy makes our customers loyal to
us and brings them back year after year with new orders, if you
have never bought trees under Green's Nursery plan, investigate
by seuding at once for the 191 1 catalogue, and we will also send you
free our remarkable book “Thirty Years with Fruits and Flowers. *
Capital, $100,000.
GREEN'S NURSERY CO., Box 22$ Rochester, N. Y.
McKAY*S Agricultural Lime, $3 per ton
McKAY’S Catalogue (ells about them— and more
— -W. L. McKay, Geneva, N. Y. Box R.
Black’s Peach Trees-1911
'w s .^vPeach Trees are one of our specialties — wea
*1/ grow for quality and not quantity alone. Ourl
tre.es’ however, cost little, if any, more than the!
ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but sell!
direct.saving middleman ’s profits, i / ■ i j
New bxikJet, “Springtime and Vci |lJ3 Dl6
Kf Harvest for the Fruit-grower," free, ■ » ■
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co. DOOKlGl
Sent Free
FRUIT TREES
INCLUDING
APPLE, CHERRY, PEACH
PEAR, PLUM, QUINCE
Also Roses, Shrubs and Orna¬
mental Trees. Send list of
wants for prices to
WESTERN N. Y. NURSERIES
ROCHESTER. NEW YORK
BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME
GROUNDS WITH A PRIVET HEDGE
I will sell you enough good, strong, heavily rooted
California Privet hedge plants to go around your
home grounds, planted six inches apart, for 9c per
yard, packed to carry anywhere, delivered to K. R.
station at Salisbury, Md. Measure distance around
your grounds, see how little it costs and send your
order to W. F. ALLEN, Salisbury, Maryland.
Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees
SIIRUBS and ROSES,
SMARE FRUIT PLANTS
of all kinds from the famous Lake Shore re¬
gion of northern Ohio. Send for catalogue.
MAI’LE BEND NURSERY,
T. Ii. West. Lock Box 387, Perry, Ohio.
Deal DirectwittifieNursecy
:\
agd
only high grade fruit and ornamental trees,
vines and shrubs.
Write for our valuable Free Book.
IV c gr<rw our 07071 stock and guarantee it ,
ALLKN L. WOOD, Woodlawn Nurseries
572 Culver lload Rochester, N.
■ )
y
Fruit Trees From the Grower.
Save middlemen’s expense and get them
fresh dug. Catalog free.
WM. J. REILLY. NURSERYMAN. DANSVILLE. N Y.
pnilfT TDPK Peara, Bartlett, Seckel and others.
‘■Util IIUjLj Cherrie. and Plums, all standard
varieties. Peache. grown from buds from bearing
stock. Get wholesale prices directfrom us ; also §1 Lot
Offers. Free Catalog. Prize H&mpslure sheep. Write
W. P. RUPERT Sc SON. Box 30, Seneca, N. Y.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit treei
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
|^^^ERJ^^m^^URSERIES^JDESI^^AJCAL^MAZ00^MlCH^
SCARFF’S
GOOD SEED CORN
We sold over 11,000 bushels of it last year, and we ex¬
pect to double it this year. Your money back if com 1*
not satisfactory, lo days to test It. Can send either'
shelled or in the ear. Also choice lot of seed oats, barley,
speltz, timothy and potatoes. We cannot tell you more
about it here, but our catalog is free. Send for it to-day.
W. N. SCARFF, New Carlisle, Ohio
Seed Corn
ONE CENT SAVES $ $ $
Have you seen our prices ? If not, you had totter
invest one cent in a postal card and get our Free
Descriptive Catalogue. There is a difference in
prices. Our Seed Corn is all Eastern grown— and
guaranteed to give satisfaction. We will save you
S $ S on that seed bill — one cent — one postal card.
Send it to
FOKRKST SEED CO., Cortlnnd. N. Y.
BOO i arteries. Also Grapes, Small Fruits, eto. Best
rooted stock. Genuine, che:,p. 2 sample currants mailed for 10c.
Catalog free. LEWIS KOKSOll t> SOJi, Hoi H , Kredonla, N. f.
Fresh Dug' Nursery Stock.
A complete assortment of the fittest Genesee Valley
Grown Fruit Trees, etc. Stock guaranteed, price
l igh ^catalogue!1 free L W. HALL & CO., Rochester, N.Y
CRAPE
VINES
can be bought right this year. Send us a
memorandum of your wants for prices.
MINER & MINER
Grape Vine Growers, Sheridan, /V. V.
«> T w° "-ye ar-o fd GfapCViUCS 50 CtS.
Sent postpaid. Best varieties — red, white, black. We also
Offer Five Three-Yeur-Old Vines for $1.00. Will bear year
after planting. Valuable book how to plant, cultivate and
prune, free with every order. Grapes are easily grown
and should be In every garden. Mention this paper and
we’ll add free, one new, large, red currant.
T. S. Hubbard Co., Grapevine Specialists, "50 Cental Ave. Fredonla, N.Y.
Established lX Years.
Our Proof to date after years of service is that
we can save you not only money, but disap¬
pointment when your trees begin to fruit.
This Proof will be submitted with our new
catalog —ask for it today * * * * *
H. S. WILEY d SON, Box 122, Cayuga, N. Y.
FRUIT TREES
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry and
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.
NURSERY STOCK IN BARGAIN LOTS.
We pay Express or Freight to any R.R. station in the 17. S. and guarantee satisfac¬
tion and arrival in good condition on all shipments on these offers, which we hope will encourage
the extensive planting of commercial sorts. They are GENUINE BARGAINS. No limit on these
bargain lots. Order one or more lots, as may be desired. These lots are all nice, clean stock, true
to name and free from disease. Write for descriptive price list. * * * *
NO. 1, FOR $6.00
100 Elberta Peach, 2 to 3 feet. 1 yr. from bud
10 Jonathan Apple, 1 year 2 to 3 feet
NO. 5, FOR S 10.00
100 Apple, select., 1 year, 3 to four feet
10 Spitzenbei g 30 Winesap 10 Rome Beauty
20 Winter Banana 30 Jonathan
NO. 4, FOR $8.00
100 Apple, 2 to 3 feet, first-class, one year
40 Jonathan 40 Rome Beauty 20 Winesap
NO. 7, FOR $15.00
50 Kieffer Pear, 4 to 6 feet first-class 50 Early Richmond, 2 year, 4 to 6 feet
NO. 6, FOR $16.00
100 Cherry, 2 year from bud, 5 to 6 feet
80 Early Richmond 10 Montmorency
10 Dyehouse
. ORDER ANY OF THE ABOVE BY NUMBER, . .
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
1911
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
220
AN ORCHARD FOR THE AVERAGE NEW
ENGLAND FARM.
Although New England offers in her
farming lands many different ways for
profit, with millions of consumers in
theit nearby cities and towns, within
easy reach of an unlimited foreign mar¬
ket for good apples, I know of no one
thing which offers to so many farmers
an opportunity to add both to their in¬
come and the value of their farms as
a well-planned, well-cared-for orchard.
While certain sections offer better op¬
portunities than others to those who
would plant commercial orchards on a
large scale, simply to pay dividends on
invested capital (and such orchards are
only a matter of the near future), they
will require expert and high-priced help
to choose successful locations, and so
manage them as to make them profitable
investments. The writer had no oppor¬
tunity to choose a better or more profit¬
able location, being left on a run-down
farm in such circumstances he felt leav¬
ing was out of the question, and strange
to say he has sometimes felt like thank¬
ing his lucky stars the farm was run¬
down and small, for had it been richer
and larger, with more cattle, he prob¬
ably would still be tied to a cow’s tail.
So I had to take what was left to me
and do the best I could with it, using
land for orchards which I would not
have bought or even taken as a gift,
undei more favorable circumstances.
Many New England farms have acres
of land which now does little to add to
its owner’s income, which could be
made to pay good profit in the growing
of fruit, especially apples. I do not ad¬
vise the setting of all such lands to or¬
chards, or of any of it for those who
will make no study of the subject before
doing so, but for the man who looks
upon an orchard as something to spend
money and work upon at a profit, and
as an investment for a lifetime. He
should have the business ability to
choose good land, easily accessible to
his roads and markets, and so situated,
if possible, as to give good air drain¬
age for the prevention of frost injury.
It should not be the poorest land at
“way back,” or fit only for a forest
growth, although personally I have made
good profits from very poor land, yet
in every case the best land has proved
by far the most profitable. In my case
the choosing of varieties to fit the con¬
ditions of the soil has had much to do
in adding to my profits, for the man
who would set his russets on his poor¬
est land and Gravenstein on moist and
rich should not set an orchard. For
the best success each must study well
his local conditions of soil and markets.
Those near our large cities who have
the time to handle Fall fruit, especially
if sold in boxes, will find a fair prop,
tion of early or Fall apples profitable.
To most growers Winter apples will
prove most profitable, and for profit
plant very few varieties. For a large
part of New England the Baldwin is the
one great money-maker, an apple which
for best results will not stand too high
feeding and culture, yet will pay for
good care and feeding to meet the con¬
ditions of. different soils; an apple best
adapted to the average grower, it will
grow and produce good fruit on nearly
all kinds of soil. Although the yield is
not as heavy, I have grown good Bald¬
wins on land nearly pure sand, and
were I trying to raise a fancy high-class
Baldwin I should not choose my richest
land.
Distance apart is a question which
means dollars to everyone who would
set an apple orchard, for the time has
gone by when trees can be set 30 to 40
feet apart and the land then used as
mowing for the raising of hay, if a
profitable orchard is the object of the
grower. From personal experience I
believe the best paying orchards will be
those set by the filler method ; in fact I
would set by no other. I would advise
those intending to set an orchard to see
such a one in bearing if possible, and do
not be frightened by such scarecrows as
“You will not have the nerve to cut out
the fillers at the proper time,” or “The
fillers will rob your permanent trees of
needed fertility^.” To the up-to-date
fruit grower such talk is simply absurd.
The test of an orchard is not how long
it can be made to live, but what it can
be made to produce for its owner, and
for fillers use such trees as will pay
you best, be they plum, peach or apple,
and make that orchard pay very soon
after planting. My first trees by this
method set on light land were apples
18x18, and having a local market for
such fruit, as many plums (upright
growers) as apples. These were set in
middle of apple rows, making plums a
little less than 13 feet from the apples.
Later I added to these, setting apples
18x20, and my last orchard was set
20x20, which I feel is near enough for
trees on light land, and for strong and
rich land 22 or 24 might prove most
profitable, as I believe fillers can be
planted too close for most profitable re¬
sults as well as the permanent trees.
My method has been to set one-half the
trees to very early bearers, which do
not make large trees, largely Wagener
and Wealthy; then if the permanent
tree is a strong grower use what might
be called a semi-filler, of which Banana,
Ben Davis or Hubbardston is a type,
and on fairly light land one-half could
be set to Baldwin and later one-half of
those cut out, leaving the permanent
trees at twice the distance the orchard
was originally set. In setting out an or¬
chard do not be in a rush and half do
the work, as it will pay well properly to
prepare the ground first, and be sure to
have first-class trees to put upon it ;
cheap and ill-shaped trees are not worth
setting. Nothing has paid me better
than the buying of trees and growing
them in nursery rows two or more
years, where their tops are put in shape
to meet my ideas of what a tree should
be. They should be transplanted at the
end of two years if one wished to grow
them that way longer, and I believe they
can in many cases be grown that way
for years at a profit. H. o. mead.
Massachusetts.
REASONS WHY
BLANCHARD’S
“LION .BRAND”
SprayingN*j§f^Materiais
ARE THE BEST
pep Alice Blanchard is the OLDEST manufacturer of
ULUnUOe agricultural sprays in the world,
pep A IlCe Blanchard is the LARGEST manufacturer of
ULUMUOL agricultural sprays in the world.
P P p A 1 1 C C Blanchard is the only firm whose exclusive bua-
ULUHUOC ines8 is manufacturing sprays and insecticides.
P P P A 1 1 C e Blanchard is the only manufacturer of a COM-
DLUMUOL PLETE LINE of agricultural sprays.
pep A IICC Blanchard's are the most PERFECTLY
DCUKUOC EQUIPPED factories in the world.
PPpAIICp Blanchard uses his own improved processes
DLUMUOL and makes nothing but insecticides and sprays,
SOME BLANCHARD PRODUCTS
LION BRAND Lime-Sulphur LION BRAND Kerosene
Solution Emulsion
LION BRAND Bordeaux Mixture LION BRAND Whale Oil Soap
LION BRAND Pure Paris Green LION BRAND Insect Powder
LION BRAND Arsenate of Lead LION BRAND Powdered tobacco
Every successful grower knows he must spray to ha
an orchard constantly increasing in value and earni
have
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It’s simply a question whose spraying materials to use.
Those who know will have none but BLANCHARD'S
LION BRAND, because of their scientilic formulas,
perfection in manufacture, and dependable uniformity
in quality and effectiveness. Buy from your local dealer
or write to us and refuse to allow any one to substitute
any other brand.
LION BRAND PRODUCTS ARE 6UARANTEE0 UNDER THE
INSECTICIDE ACT OF 1910 BY
THE JAMES A. BLANCHARD CO.,
523 Hudson Terminal, 106 Broad St.,
New York St. Joseph, Mich.
FREE BOOKLET “When, How and Why to Spray, “ ft
■ ■ ■ — ■ filled with interesting and valuable spraying
information. Send your address for a Fuse Copy.
Seeds, Plants, Roses,
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, etc.
Hundreds of car lots of
FRUIT and O R N A -
MENTAL TREES. 1,200
acres, 50 In hardy Roses,
none better grown. 44 green¬
houses of Palms, Ferns,
Ficus, Geraniums and
other things too numerous
to mention. Seeds, Plants,
Bulbs, Roses, Small Trees, etc., by mail, post¬
paid. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Immense stock of SUPERB CANNAS, the
queen of bedding plants. Acres of Pseonias and
other Perennials. 50 choice collections cheap
in Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc. Elegant 168-page
Catalog FREE. Send for it today and see what
values we give for your money. Direct deal will
insure you the best at first cost. 57 years. (12)
The Siorrs & Harrison Go., Box 158 Painesville. 0.
Copyright, 1911, National Cloak Suit Co.
It shows you
Lingerie Dresses
Silk Dresses
Waists - -
Skirts - «
Hats • •
$3.98 to $19.98
$11.98 to $22.50
98 cents to $8.98
$3.98 to $14.98
$1.98 to $14.98
Have Yon Written For Your
“NATIONAL” Style Book
Are you waiting ? Have you post¬
poned writing ? Are you likely to
forget — that we have one “National”
Spring Style Book put away for you ?
Then let us repeat that one
“National” Spring Style Book is
Your very own, because we have
reserved books for every reader of this
publication. And we have taken this
page in your magazine simply to tell
you about this very wonderful new
Style Book.
Every page of this 224-page book
will prove to be a page of interest,
and of beauty, of style instruction, of
fashion opportunity, and of money
saving. It shows you all the new
styles in all kinds of apparel for
Women, Misses and Children — and
all at money-saving prices.
\.nd
NATIONAL” Tailored Suits
Made-to-Measure from $15 to $40
It is the most interesting Style Book ever published.
Pure Linen
Hand-Embroidered Waist
%
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Regular Price, $1.75
Price, $ 1 .OO
Postage Prepaid By Us.
No. 21D11. There are seven notable points about
this beautiful waist, |
First it is pure linen. Yes, Madam.we mean Pure
Imported Irish Linen. It is Hand-embroidered —
guaranteed— and prettily and neatly done. It is
lace-trimmed as pictured, and it is one of the very
newest and most delightful styles.
It is a regular $1.75 waist, now offered at a friend¬
making price of $1.00, And we pay the postage.
Fact No. 8 is, that if you are not delighted with
this waist— if you don’t think it actually cheap at
$1.75, send it back at our expense, and we will refund
your money. The charming style feature of tbi3
model is the simulated front closing in effective
point design, trimmed with lace insertion and a
ruffle of edging, further enriched with Irish crochet
buttons and hand embroidery. A yoke effect is
formed of pin-tucks and wide tucks on the shoulders.
The back, which closes invisibly, has clusters of
pin-tucks, and the fashionable sleeves are tucked
and lace-trimmed to form deep cuffs. A lace-
trimmed high collar completes this very becoming
waist. SIZES : 32 to 44 bust. White only.
Worth anywhere $1.75.
Special Price, $ 1 .OO
Be Sure to State Size Desired.
National Cloak & Suit Co
No Agents or Branches
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1 11
273 West 24th Street
•> NEW YORK CITY
Mail Orders Only
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U.S. PATENT OFFICE.
^UTILIZS^
... SOLELY MANUFACTURED BY . . .
*The Rogers & Hubbard Co.
Middletown, Conn.,
Send for Free Almanac telling all about
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ALMANAC
19 11
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Get double the present results from your time and labor. Use
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I No. 6. I The newest Planet Jr Combination Hill and Drill
■ Seeder, Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow, opens the furrow, sows
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Planet Jr 12-tooth Harrow, Cultivator and Pulverizer
’ • , • is a wonderful tool for berry-growers and market-gardeners.
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' ; ■ You can’t afford to miss the 19 11
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1 ‘ Free and postpaid. Write today.
'( S L Allen & Co
Box 1107V Philada Pa .
^ c<? 'a*
230
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 25.
ItWinsinClover
This picture from an actual photo shows
Louden Balance Grapple Fork
lifting a third of a ton of dry clover hay.
How’s that for a winner?
MAULE’S SEEDS
ONCE CROWN ALWAYS GROWN
Is the reason why for many years past I have
done such an enormous seed business. 79,430
customers In Pennsylvania alone, with almost
half a million the world over. My New Seed Book
for 1911 is a wonder; contains everything in
seeds, bulbs and plants worth growing. Weighs 12
ounces; 600 illustrations, 4 colored plates, 176
pages. Any gardener sending his name on a
postal card can have it for the asking. Address
WM. HENRY MAULE
1707-09-11 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa.
6 cents ( stamps ) and mention this
paper and I unit enclose in the catalogue
a packet of seed of the above choice pansy.
FOR SALE
J— Canada Peas, $1.85 bushel; Alas¬
ka Peas $4.00 bushel; Cow Peas.
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel.
Sow Canada Peas and Oats in March and harvest
a crop of Hay in May. Onion Sets at $2.25 per
bushel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.
N. Y. AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT
EXPENSES.
The financial statement of the State
Department of Agriculture will be inter¬
esting to New York State farmers, and
incidentally to all farmers. In the fol¬
lowing statement the first column gives
the appropriations authorized by the
Legislature for each division of the De¬
partment work. The second column
gives the exact expenditures for each
division :
Statement for fiscal year ending September
30, 19 iO.
Total funds. Expended
Commissioner’s Salary .$5,338.70 $5,338.70
1st Asst. Commission¬
er’s Salary . 3,600.00 3,600.00
Chief of Accts. Salary. 2,250.00 2,250.00
Chief Chemist's Salary 3,000.00 3,000.00
Asst. Chemist’s Salary. 2,000.00 2,000.00
Chemists, Bacteriolog¬
ists, etc . 11,376.12 10,878.72
Veterinarian’s Salary. . 3,737.00 3,730.68
Confidential Agent’s
Salary . 2,000.00 1.800.00
8th grade salaries.... 6,780.00 6,760.56
7th grade salaries. .. .22,500.00 21,976.67
6th grade salaries. ... 47,350.00 42,946.67
5th grade salaries.... 9,300.00 8,312.99
4th grade salaries. . . . 1,440.00 1,440.00
2nd grade salaries.... 480.00 480.00
Farmers’ Institutes. ... 33,994.54 28,064.96
Actual and necessary
traveling expenses. .. 61,159.94 58,533.66
Commissioner’s Travel¬
ing Expenses . 1,109.69 955.20
1st Asst. Commission¬
er’s Expenses . 500.00 203.69
Nursery Inspection. ... 43,573.61 29,732.24
Exterminat ion of
Moths . 50,000.00 15,410.17
Bureau of Statistics. .. 10,347.75 8,320.48
Agricultural Labor . . . 7,989.44 7,979.45
Fertilizers and feeding
stuffs . 8,621.59 6,888.26
Pure food . 14,269.13 14,266.47
Dairy products . 25,322.37 17,039.97
2 confidential detective
agents . 5,700.00 4,195.41
Diseases of animals. .274,487.54 191,076.19
Sheriffs and deputy
sheriffs . 18,000.00 6,836.09
Furniture and office
repairs . 10.904.17 5,472.40
Agricultural fairs _ 252,231.78 252,231.78
Litigation Fund . 4,558.80 1,673.88
Bills payable in hands
of Comptroller, Oct.
1, 1910, Orders Nos.
214, 216, 219 . 957.32
Totals . $943,922.17 $764,352.61
A Plague of Rabbits.
My local paper contains the following
regarding a bill to prevent us from kill¬
ing rabbits :
The open season for hunting hares and
rabbits is shortened by a bill introduced
by Assemblyman C. W. Phillips, of Monroe.
The season is changed by the bill from
October 1 to December 31, instead of Feb¬
ruary 15. The number to be taken in any
one trip is reduced from 10 to six and
hunting with a ferret is prohibited.
I hope you will use your influence to
see that this bill is defeated. I have seen
two acres of newly-set cabbage nearly
all nipped off by rabbits in the short
time of one or two nights. Last Win¬
ter the snow drifted up to the branches
of one of my young Baldwin apple trees,
and before we had time to look after it
the rabbits had all of the lower limbs
girdled. It ruined the tree. It had
been set 12 years. I could go on and
tell of a great amount of destruction
that has been done by them, but do not
think it is necessary, as most farmers
living near woods or swamps who try
to raise garden truck or fruit know what
a nuisance they are. I hope that the
farmers will make such a protest that the
bill will be defeated, melvin thomas.
. Saratoga Co., N. Y.
R. N.-Y. — Farmers should get after
their Senators and Assemblymen at once
and ask them to vote against this bill.
Orchards on Damp Soil.
S. Mayville, N. Y. — I own about 20
acres of flat level land in southern New
York, and am desirous of setting a part of
It to fruit of different kinds. It is in¬
clined to be wet during the Spring and Fall
rains, but works up fine during the Sum¬
mer. It is alluvial soil, with clay sub¬
soil, and has produced big hay crops. Is
there any way I can drain this land by
surface ditching so that fruit will do well
on it? I am not able to go to the expense
of under-tiling it at present, but would like
to have proceeds of crops take care of
future improvements.
Ans. — We should have that field
looked over by a surveyor or some one
who can determine levels. They can tell
where ditches should be run. No doubt
open ditches would take off enough
water to permit planting apple trees, but
before you can hope to have a success¬
ful bearing orchard such land must be
under- drained. You can put in open
ditches, plant and tile drain later, as you
have capital, having the field surveyed
first so as to be sure where the tile
drains are to run eventually. Select
varieties of apples best suited to damp
soil.
VERY PRODUCTIVE HEAVY GRAIN-
THIN HULL STIFF STRAW
Johnson Oats originated here in Michigan and we have many
testimonials attesting to their value. The heads are large and
branching and loaded with big, plump, thin-hulled and bright grain.
Its roots run deep into the soil, thus supplying the plant with
moisture and food even in a dry season. It stools out and a single
plant produces a number of large heads. It is plump and heavy,
often weighing 36 to 40 Ih s. to the bushel. The straw is very stiff
and of medium height, holding up its large, well filled heads on the
richest ground when other varieties lie flat. “The Johnson’’ are not
side Oats. The money you invest in the Johnson Oats for seed will
yield a profit of 100 to 200 per cent in the increased yield you will
get over the common kind you have been planting. The extra cost
of the seed of the Johnson over common Oats is so light that no one can
afford to plant the common varieties. A change of seed once in 2 or 3
• years is absolutely essential to growing good crops and when a change is
made get the best variety possible. The Johnson will fill the bill every
time. Prices by mail, postpaid: Pkt., 4c; qt., 18c; 3 qts., 45c. Not pre¬
paid: Qt., 10c; Vi pk., 18c; pk., 30c; bu., $1.00; in lots of 2 y2 to 10 bus., at
95c; 10 bus. or more, at 92c per bu., bags free. Freight to be paid by customer.
E legant 104 p>a ge Seed Annual FREE,
S. M. ISBELL GO. Jackson, Mich.
There isn’t another fork in the world
in its class. It’s the only one that can
handle clover, alfalfa and threshed straw as success¬
fully as timothy. No dribbling or scattering, with
long stuff or short, large load or small.
Louden’s Fork
has a patented arch support that gives perfect bal¬
ance. It takes bold or releases its load at the slight¬
est touch. Simple in design, made of steel with
heavy malleable connections. Will lift hall a Ion
withont bend or break.
Get the Louden, the best hay fork in the
world. Seeit at your dealer’s. If he hasn't it don’t
run chances with any other — write us direct.
Get our complete Free Catalog of Louden Barn
Tools, F eed and Lifter Carriers, Flexible Bird Proof
Door Bangers, Hay Tools, etc. Also booklet “Some
Interesting Facts on a y^HomcIy Subject. Write
now.
Louden
Machinery
Co.
601 Broadway,
Fairfield,
Iowa.
Hall's Gold Nugget Corn Yielded 200 Bu.
Crates of Ears Per Acre
Joseph Harris Co., Coldwater, N.Y.
HARRIS’ SEED CORN
‘^S7'E take the greatest pains
T ’ with our seed corn and can
furnish seed that will grow and
produce the largest possible
yields. We have some new and
improved varieties that are far
superior to common kinds.
SEED POTATOES
The best early and late varie¬
ties of our own raising, free from
disease. Some bargain prices.
(Sir Walter Raleigh, {pure ) 75c
per bushel.)
OATS — The best varieties , pure
clean seed.
VEGETABLE SEED-Largely
our own growing of very superi¬
or quality. We raise seeds of all
kinds. Catalogue and price list free
Potato Growers
Wanted
to write for Dibble’s Seed Potato Catalog containing full descriptions of the 31 varieties
that we have found to be “best by test." 60,000 bushels in stock, all Northern grown
and full of vigor, at rock bottom prices, as we ship direct from oar 1600-acre Seed
Farms to you rs.
Dibble’s Seed Potatoes can be depended on to do their share towards producing
enormous crops of splendid tubers which can be sold at profitable prices.
H. R. Nottingham, of Eastville. Va., writes: "They yielded over 100 barrels per acre.”
II. W. Cogging wood. Editor Rural New-Yorker, says: “The seed potatoes were
very satisfactory. L obtained a yield which I figure at 300 bushels per acre.”
L. G. Waite, Westerly, R. I., reports: “Rate of yield, 310 bushels. Returns, $225,00
per acre-”
“ The yield from your seed was three times as good as that from my home grown
seed” is the verdict of H. B. Nogg, Ellicott City. Md.
J. H. Sisger, Uniontown. I’a., advises us: “The yield from your seed was double
that from other seed and much nicer."
Hiram Mount, Edinburgh, N. J., states: “Your seed did much the best of any
grown in our section. Very much better than Maine seed, and free from disease."
“ The potatoes I bought of you yielded about twice as much as my own seed planted
in the same field ” is the testimony of G. W. Whitesegg, of Lanes ville, W. Va.
We have hundreds of similar testimonials on file, and the evidence of our customers
from over two score States prove that if you want to grow the best potato crop you ever
raised, you should plant Dibble's Seed Potatoes.
Our Farm Seed Catalog, the leading strictly Farm Seed Book of the year, and the
new book entitled, “Dibbge on the Potato,” written by Mr. Dibble, telling all about
how we grow our Seed Potatoes, are FREE. Write for them today.
- A D D HESS -
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
Weed Seeds Grow! knows, butwhat Y OU want is the
BEST Seeds THAT CAN BE GROWN ! Such are the only seeds produced and
sold by BURPEE, Philadelphia. Shall we mail you a copy of our Complete New
Catalog for 1911? It is a Safe Guide to Success in Gardening and is free to
all who realize that in seeds "the Best is the cheapest." Write to-day! Address
W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia,
The Largest Mail-Order Seed House in the World.
SEEDS
ESTINTHE WORLD
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
a lot of new sorts for
with every order I fill.
Grand Big Catalog CDCC
Illustrated with over £JQE£
700 engravings of vegetables
and flowers. Send yours and
neighbors’ addresses.
AY, Rockford, Illinois
CENT
SEED
SALE
in non kernels or
lUjUUU Sel«ctsd|fiM>
FERTILE SEEDS for IOC
1 5 0 0 Lettuce IOOO Celery
1 OOO Onion 1 OO Parsley
1000 Radish 1500 Rutabaga
1 00 Tomato 1 0OO Carrot
1 500 Turnip tOO Melon
1200 Brilliant Flower Seeds, 50 sorts
Any one of these packages Is worth
t e price we ask for the whole
, 10,000 kernels to start with. It is
J) merely our way of letting you test
our seed — proving to you how
mighty go d they are.
„ Send 16 cents in stamps to-day and
we will send you this great collection of seeds by
return mail. We’ll also mail you absolutely free
our great catalog for 1911 — all postpaid.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO.,
14 South 8‘h Street, LaCrosse, Wl«.
1911.
TTHtC rcUKA.I> NEW-YORKER
231
AN OREGON OAT CROP.
On page 90 I noticed a picture of a
Hudson Valley oat crop grown with
fertilizer. It is good, but I believe the
one I am inclosing (see below) beats it
some, and without commercial fertilizer
too. This field of oats we finished put¬
ting in April 17, 1909, and had it in the
shock in less than 120 days. This was
done on our farm here, that people told
my father he would “starve to death”
on, as two men had done before him,
and also in one of the driest seasons
that we had had for years. Of course
we used a 16-inch plow, and plowed
more than five inches deep by a good
deal ; sowed two bushels per acre broad¬
cast, and harrowed it in both ways. The
heads were 12 inches or longer, two and
three grains to the spike, and weighed
46 pounds struck measure. Thirty
years ago the best my father could do
was buckwheat six inches high. I credit
the change to his grit and observation,
rotation of crops, and keeping enough
stock, or more than enough, to manu¬
facture the crops grown into high-priced
selling products that take from the place
very little fertilizer value.
This oat is one introduced by my
father about 10 years ago, and has been
named Hays’ Favorite by the neighbors.
One day when he was passing along a
field of Winter wheat he noticed three
heads of oats, from one seed, standing
“head and shoulders” above the wheat,
with long, heavy, compact heads, formed
all around the stalk. Of course he
marked the heads for saving, and the
result is that I believe I can safely say
it has added thousands of dollars to
the bank accounts of the farmers of the
neighborhood in increased crops. And
besides this, he has developed his special
strain of other vegetables and grains es¬
pecially adapted to our local conditions.
If more farmers would pay more atten¬
tion to what they plant and in the selec¬
tion of their seed they would find that
the great crop-producing seeds adver¬
tized by seedsmen would be no better
than their own. But whatever you do,
don’t forget to get a few more head of
stock to eat up the increase in yield
you expect to have, and then bv buying
plenty of feed for them until you get
your increased yield you will hurry
things along and be sure to succeed.
CHAS. H. HAYS.
Washington Co., Ore. .
Fertilizer and Rock Phosphate.
T. F. K.t Carmel, N. Y. — I have a lot
that I wish to seed down this Spring in
oats, or wait until August and seed down
with grass alone. Which is the better way,
and how much fertilizer per acre do I need
to use, and what kind? Is phosphoric acid
like nitrate of soda? Can it be sown with
the hand with no disagreeable smell from'
it? Potash I have seen. Are phosphoric
acid and South Carolina rock the same?
Ans. — For a permanent meadow we
should sow the grass seed alone in Sep¬
tember. Such a seeding will usually be
thicker and more permanent. You can
use at least 600 pounds per acre of one
of the ready-mixed “top-dressers” or of
a mixture of 100 pounds nitrate of soda,
100 fine bone, 200 acid phosphate and
100 muriate of potash. This will make
grass grow, but it is expensive and
probably would not pay with hay under
$15 per ton. Acid phosphate is a brown
substance with a peculiar smell, while
nitrate of soda looks much like salt.
What is known as phosphate rock is a
substance mined in parts of the South.
It is a soft rock containing 25 per cent
or more of phosphoric acid. This phos¬
phate rock is ground fine. When it is
in this form it is known as “floats.” In
this the phosphoric acid is not easily
available to plants. In order to make it
quickly available the “floats” is mixed
with strong sulphuric acid, the result
being what is known as acid phosphate.
Some samples of this contain so much
acid that they burn or sting the hands.
Mixing a Compost Heap.
8., Hudson Valley, N. Y. — I am making
a compost heap of muck, about 40 or 50
two-horse wagon loads, this to be mixed
witu alternate layers of muck *and fresh
burnt lime (75 bushels), air-slaked before
using. There will be used in the heap
about 10 barrels of wood ashes. I have
ordered 500 pounds muriate of potash and
1,000 pounds ground bone. How much, if
any, of the bone and potash should be
mixed with the above, or could it all be
used? What would it be worth compared
with ordinary stable manure?
Ans. — We should use all the bone,
potash and ashes, thoroughly scattered
through the pile as made up. Scatter
the lime on the muck. It might be well
to cover the heap when made with a
four-inch layer of soil and let it thor¬
oughly ferment. About April or May
let it be well forked over. “Muck”
varies greatly in composition, but if this
is of ordinary quality the mixture by
early Summer ought to be worth 25 per
cent more than ordinary stable manure.
Metal Roof as Lightning Conductor.
Q. li. 8., Elkins, W. Va. — In the January
21 issue there is an article about metal
roof and lightning. My house is covered
with metal shingles, and there is a water
conductor on two sides or corners. They
enter into drain tile a few inches under
ground. Is this a good connection with
the ground, or should there be some of
those metal strips used? In regard to those
strips, should they be nailed to the sides
of the house without any insulation?
Ans. — The conductor pipes leading
into drain tile laid a few inches only
below the surface are not a satisfactory
termination for a lightning conductor,
for the reason that the ground is certain
to be too dry, except at the time or im¬
mediately after heavy rain. The destruc¬
tive effect of lightning, which is usually
associated with showers, is liable to oc¬
cur before the rain, or before the ground
has been sufficiently moistened to make
it the best conductor. The metal strips,
used as lightning conductors, may be
nailed directly to the side of the build¬
ing. There is no need of insulation.
F. H. KING.
Lady (to professor who has spoken
learnedly of the Atlantosaurus, Ichthy¬
osaurus, Iguanodon, etc.) : “How in¬
teresting! Flow very interesting! But
do you think we can be really quite
sure they were called by those strange
names ?” — Punch.
Waiter: “What will you have sir?”
Customer (looking over the restaurant
bill of fare) : “Permit me to cogitate.
In the correlation of forces it is a recog¬
nized property of atomic fragments,
whatever their ages, to join, and - ”
Waiter (shouts across the hall) : Hash
for one!” — Tit-Bits.
A FIELD OF OREGON OATS.
7MnnthQ tn Pav If y°u like this en-
IVIU1IUG9 m ay gine after trying it out
for ten whole days you can keep it and take seven months to pay for it on easy monthly payments.
If you decide that the Schmidt Chilled Cylinder Engine is the greatest Engine on earth all you
need send us is $7.50 after the free trial. If you don’t want to keep the engine, for any reason
whatever after using it free for ten days, ju^t send it back at our expense. Now put your name
and address on the coupon and mail it to us or drop us a card, and we will send you all partic¬
ulars of this stupendous offer free. Don’t forget that when you send us your name you get
the book “How to Use Power” also free.
C CiU2ll'a21iTl,£t£* Schmidt’s Chilled Cylinder Gasoline En-
_ ■ 9 wUCail itSiatCC gine is absolutely guaranteed for 5 years in every
piece and part. The biggest bank in Iowa backs our SI, 000 challenge offer on our Engines. ^
Get particulars of this amazing offer before you g
tfCIBU think of buying any engine from anybody. Learn all about ■
this wonderful new type economy engine, so easy to handle. Get our catalogs before you obligate ■
yourself to anybody or make any decision. Learn about the wonderful Chilled Cylinder, learn *
how useful the Engine will be to you and to the women folks on the farm. Learn how many ■
things you can do with a chilled cylinder engine and how to save all dealers profits for yourself. ■
Send your name today. Fill out the coupon or drop us a postal card. Actquiekly. Write now.
Schmidt Bros. Co. Engine Works Dept. 3582 Davenport, Iowa
And You Keep
This Great Engine
Yes, sir, that’s right — you keep this engine for $7.50, a wonderful gasoline
engine offer, an offer without a parallel. We ship you Schmidt’s Chilled Cylinder
Gasoline Engine on your simple request without an order or any promise from you. You use the
engine 10 entire days, use it all you want to. Then if you don’t want it, send it back at our
expense. If you do wish to keep it, pay us only $7.50 and the rest in the easiest monthly payments.
We send you the engine free, to prove that it is the greatest air cooled 3 horse
power engine on earth. We want you to see for yourself that it is better than any other engine that
costs twice and three times as much. It is the only engine with the marvelous, powerful chilled
cylinder. The only engine for farm use with a spark retarder. This is Schmidt’s Chilled Cylinder
Gasoline Engine. The new type gasoline engine that has revolutionized the gasoline engine
industry. The only engine good enough to send out on actual free trial without a cent down in any
way and then sold to you on easy payments if you want it. Let us tell you about the Chilled
Cylinder and.spark retarder. Write for catalogs and wholesale price. _ _ _ _
10 Days Trial FREE
This is the first genuine free trial ever offered on gasoline engines for farm and shop use. We want
you to sec that women and children can run this engine. Use the engine to run any machinery you have — the pump — sepa¬
rator — washing machine — com sheller — grinder — anything, and remember the engine is ready to run when you get it — complete
and ready to run. Your daughter, wife or son can run this engine as easily as winding a clock. Send the free coupon and we
will send you prepaid our sensational offer and our very useful book, “How to Use Power” free.
Schmidt Bros. Co. Engine Works
Dept. 3583, Davenport, Iowa
Gentlemen: — Please send me absolutely free, postpaid, your engine catalogs, ■wholesale price on easy
payments, all information about your free trial offer on Schmidt’s Chi lied Cylinder Gasoline Engine,
also a copy of your free book, “How to Use Power on the Farm or in the Shop,” all free and postpaid.
k ,i me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ......... — - — - — - ~ , ______
Addi ess...... ......... ......... ......... ....................................... . ........... .. ............................ ..... ........ . . . . Ai
232
'THE. RURAL, NEW-YORKER
February 25.
G 7 BUSHELS MORE
t J § POTATOES
PER ACRE
WHERE PLANTED WITH
JRQNAGi
(Improved Robbins)
Potato Planter
Average results obtained in a careful,
thorough test against a “picker” planter by
Maine State Experimental Station, in 1910.
Ask us quick for the proof— we will send you
now bona fide copy of their report in Bulletin
No. 188, which will be ready
about March 15th. Shows
exact results. Also, compar¬
ison of level culture, high
and moderate ridging.
100 per cent, perfect
planting is what y8u
want — no doubles, no
misses, no injury to
seed. Address
Uau on rear seat makes
corrections only.
ISBELL’S SEEDS
For only 10c we send five^
packets FI owerSeeds or five
packets Vegetable Seeds
and then return the money
in the form of aDue Bill
good for 10c to apply on
any order amounting
to 50c or more.
We also send free our
large 104 page Seed A n-
mial , quoting f res k , vita 1
Michigan-grown seeds at very
moderate prices. Perfect satisfac¬
tion or money refunded- Send to-day.
S. M. ISBELL & Co., Seedsmen
Box 40 I JACKSON, MICH.
FRUIT TREES.
Apples, Peaches, Cherries, Pears and Plum Trees
at wholesale prices. Our trees and plants are
grown in that famous Nursery Belt of Ontario
County. Write today and get our FREE Catalogue
on Fruit and Ornamental Trees. It will pay you
to see our Catalogue before purchasing. ONTARIO
NURSE UY CO. (Inc.), Geneva, N. Y., Ontario
County, Box 21,
Olympic Nature Nursery.
THE FOREST CONSERVATORY.
Oregon Grape, Rhododendron, Madrona, Huckle¬
berry, Ferns, Blackberry, Salal, Twin Flower,
Spirea, Trillium, Wild Lily-of-tne-Valley, Ever¬
greens and other Puget Sound Plants and Flowers.
Special Mail Collections—1 Ten plants for 50 cents;
24 for $1, postpaid in the United States. Money
back if not satisfied. Make money orders payable
to JOEL SHOMAKER, Nellita, Washington.
The Douglas Pear.
Introduced by A. H. GkIESA, Lawrence, Kansas.
Argenteuil Asparagus Roots JiSSSS
seed. $4.00 per 1.000, f. o. b. packed.
E. LAURENS BEEKMAN. Middletown, N. J.
ALFALFA
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from doddej. Write for free sample
on which we Invite you *0 get Govdrfftaent tests.
This seed shonld produce hay at $60 per acre^ an¬
nually. Free instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. We
handle export grade only and can furnish grass
mixture suitable for any soils. Write for catalog.
WING SEED CO., Box J523 Mechanicsburg. O.
NEW SEED OATS. Big money
in right kind of oats. Here’s
your chance. Imported Canadian
seed oats, raised on Galloway
Brothers’ big farm in Canada.
New, clean land. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre ; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought this seed from us last year raised as high as 75 to 100
bushels in this country, and found out their old seed was inbred
find run out. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed,
pend for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. Will also send
our iree booklet, entitled “Big Money in Oats and How to Grow
Them.’* Gauoway Bros. -Bowman Company
662 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa
✓X THAT YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
AaA I breaks all records. Nothing like it.
Also SEED CORN. Samples and cat¬
alog free. THEO. BURT & SONS, MELROSE, OHIO,
AITQ Read’s Green Mountain Won-
w EL Ci II UA I W derful new variety. Yields
130 bus. to acre. Absolutely rustproof. Outyielded
Swedish Select in five-year test. Circular free.
G. A. READ. Read’s Experiment Farms, Charlotte,' Vt.
FOR ALL KINDS OF
CLOVER and FIELD
SEEDS also GARDEN’,
FLOWER SEEDS
and Implements
Write to this Old Reliable
House— Catalogue Free
and Field Seed Price List
mailed you on application.
THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO.Joledo, 0.
N. WERTHEIMER & SON
Choice seeds honghtdirect from the farmer and sold
direct to the farmer. We offer you the choicest
seeds, doubly recleaned, Medium and Mammoth
Clover Seed, Alsike, Alfalfa. Timothy, Crimson
Clover, White Clover, Red Top, Orchard Grass,
Blue Grass, Lawn Grass, all kinds of Corn, Spring
and Winter Wheat, Buckwheat, all kinds of Peas.
Samples and prices sent on application. * * *
N. WERTHEIMER & SON LIG0NIER, INDIANA
PIONEER
SIS
From Sand Bank to Lawn.
M. C. 11., Island Creek, Mass. — How can
I change a sand bank into a nice lawn?
If I can get a few tons of feed for the
hens off this same land so much the bet¬
ter. The strip of land contains about five
acres, nice and level, sandy loam with
gravel sub-soil, about SO feet down to never-
failing water. In a wet season potatoes,
flint corn and millet grow quite well, but
it does not seem to grass over. I have
never tried it myself, as I have only been
here a short time, but others say it is no
use to try to get it in grass.
Ans. — You cannot expect to have a
lawn or successful grass land until you
have soil that will hold moisture, be
well filled with vegetable matter, have
an abundance of plant food and lime
enough to make it sweet. Your soil is
probably sour, lacks humus and will not
hold water. You cannot make it into a
lawn until you change its character.
That will be a long job. If you want to
begin this Spring, plow part of the land
and use at least one ton of lime to the
acre. Seed to oats and Canada peas
broadcast. About July 1 plow the crop
under. Do not remove any part of it.
Harrow and seed to Japanese millet,
using a fair amount of fertilizer. In late
August plow the millet under and seed
to rye and Cow-horn turnips mixed. Let
these grow through the Winter and in
the Spring when the rye is in bloom
plow under and roll hard. Then plant
some quick-growing crop like beans or
early corn, which you can cultivate in¬
tensely. Fertilize this crop well. Get it
off by early September, and then plow
and fit the land well and sow your grass
seed with another good dose of fertilizer.
If you can get manure, put on a heavy
coat before the last plowing. You will
find the character of the soil changed.
The lime will sweeten it, the crops
plowed under will give it “body” or
humus to hold moisture, and the manure
and fertilizer will provide plant food.
This may seem like a slow and expen¬
sive way to make a lawn, but you can¬
not expect to change a sand bank into
good sod for nothing. A man can start
with very poor soil and sow turnips.
They will make a poor growth, but when
plowed under buckwheat will grow a
little better. Plow under the buckwheat
and use a little lime and there will be a
fair crop of rye. Plow the rye under
the next year and seed to beans or cow
peas. Plow these under and sow rye
again with a little more lime. Then if
the farmer can afford some manure or
fertilizer on the rye he can seed to
clover with a fair chance for a crop.
This is slow work, and most men would
not feel that they can afford to plow all
these crops under.
Rye as a Green Manure.
A. W. G., Utica, Pa. — I would like some
advice in regard to my method of renovat¬
ing a very poor piece of ground. About
the first of August, 1909, I concluded to
try the experiment of sowing and plow¬
ing down rye. I plowed four acres, rolled
and harrowed about every 10 days until
the last of September, when I drilled in
the rye 1 1-4 bushels per acre, with $2
worth of fertilizer per acre. Sometime in
July, 1910, when rye was just in bloom, I
had it plowed down, plowed deeply and
covered completely, rolled, harrowed and
drilled as before, only using a little more
fertilizer. The rye looks well now. I in¬
tend plowing down as before, but as I have
never seen this done, the question arises, at
what time is it best to plow the rye down,
when in blossom or when the rye is fully
ripe? Lately I have been thinking the lat¬
ter would be advisable ; then let the land
rest the next year.
Ans. — Naturally it depends somewhat
upon what you intend to do with this
land. Why let the land “rest” another
year? It is now well filled with vege¬
table matter, and if limed and fertilized
it might well be put at work growing
crops. We aim to plow the rye under
when in bloom. If you wait longer the
rye straw becomes hard and tough, and
does not decay readily. We think three
mistakes are often made in plowing
under rye. Some plow it under when
too green, and thus sour the soil unless
they use lime. Others plow without
rolling and packing, while others let it
stand too long.
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and
those who till it.” — Adv.
-JDreers GardenBook
T-TUNDREDS of Cultural Articles, by experts, tell¬
ing in plain language how to grow the best Flowers,
Vegetables and Plants; preparation of soil, fertilizers,
time of planting, cultivating, etc.
73d Annual edition, 288 pages, nearly 1000 illustrations, 8 color and
duotone plates. Describes Flower Seeds, over 1,200 varieties; Vegetables, 600
varieties; Plants, 2,000 varieties. Also hundreds of Shrubs, Climbers, Aquatics,
Lawn Grasses, etc. All time-tested and reliable.
Mailed free to anyone mentioning this publication.
Dreer’s Orchid-flowered Sweet Peas
These are the arlcfoeratg of the Sweet Pea family, nnd juSt as easy to prow as the ordinary
sorts. Flowers of extraordinary size with wavy petals usually borne four to a spray K mix¬
ture containing all colors, 10c per packet, 15c per oz. “Garden Rook” free with each order
HENRY A. DREE R 714 CJP ml^DEL P H I AE ET
Strawberry Plants
Large stock thrifty young plants from famous
‘‘Heritage” strain. Prolific hearer. Also Trees,
v ines, California Privet, Asparagus Roots, Spraying
Outfits, Garden Tools, etc. Write today for FREE catalog.
Arthur J. Collins, Box R, Moorestown, N. J.
It Pays You Big to Grow
Berries like These
A farmer, who lived in Philadelphia last season, kept a
record of the Strawberries his family used. On July nrst
the average price he had paid was at the rate of five cents
for three berries. Now, such prices mean big pay to
the growers. And this practical farmer saw how, by his
own efforts alone, with a little help at picking-time,
lie could make $2,000 a year growing strawberries.
That’s why he planted an acre on his Pennsylvania
farm, and why he put plants between his young orchard
trees,- -to pay all the expenses of the trees till they bear.
His farm is pai t for now. but he will tell that it could be
bought over a-ain in half the time, with bemes sold on
present markets. Think this over, then get busy.
Our 1911 Book Tells About
“Three-for-a Nickel” Berries
The one great big, vital factor with Strawberries is
good plants ofihe right kinds. Heavy crops of high-
colored, rich-flavored, solid, perfect berries, which can
be sold when high prices prevail, are the key to success.
Our methods and conditions make perfect plants, and
In our test field seven varieties have pulled far ahead.
Our 1911 complete fruit book tells how, and why. It
is almost a fruit-grower’s guide — new, different, ravalu-
g* it.Y£«f HARRISON’S
you tell what Ary . NURSERIES
^t reel* you n”ed. /'CSk-V-ql Berlin.Mar’yland
and ya‘rpostal (w -V j •v/)) Orlando Harrison
STRAWBERRYjPLANTS
200 Acres of Them. I Grow Nothing Else
I do not run a nursery— or seed business .
I devote all my time to Strawberry
Plant1- I personally superintend my
farm* '"•very plant guaranteed * * true to
name*/ Plants grown in Natural Straw¬
berry Climate ; soil right, too. Strong
rooted, prolific bearers. Prices right. Get
my 1911 Catalog. Write to-day. — NOW.
W. W. THOMAS. The Strawbern Plant Man 256 Main St., Anna, III.
200 Bushels of Strawberries
From a Single Acre
One of our patrons made this record with
plants bought of us. J ust a-ka commission
man what this quantity of fruit would have
brought the grower any year lately, and :
you’ll see that there's money in berries. '
Knight’s Free Book
on Small Fruit
Tells the best Strawberries, Rasp¬
berries, Blackberries, Dewberries,
Gooseberries, Currants, etc., and just
how to grow them. Knight’s plants
have a national reputation for
quality and high vigor. Send
for free copy of our catalogue,
David Knight
& Son
Box 56 Sawyer, Mich.
WONDERFUL
FALL-BEARING
Strawberry
Fruits in Fall of first year and in Spring and Fall
of second year. Better than a gold
mine. 500plantssetin Spring of 1910
produced in Aug., Sept., Oct. and
Nov. nearly 400 quarts, which
sold at 40c to 60c per qt., netting
us over $2,000 to the acre.
We are headquarters for these i
plants. Also all other Berry Plants
— Plum Farmer, Idaho and Royal
Purple Raspberries, Norwood and
Early Ozark Strawberries. Hastings
Potato. 28 years experience. Catalog will be sent you
free. Write to-day. L. J. FARMER, BOX 1 2D, Pulaiki, N.Y.
5,000 QUARTS OF
STRAWBERRIES
in September and October
from one acre by planting
Kevitt’s New FallTBearing
Plants. This I guarantee or
1 will return your money
paid for plants. Send for my
catalogue. Over five new
fall-bearing varieties.
T. C. KEVITT, ATHENIA, N. J.
PLANTS
Our free book quotes
lowest prices, honestly
describes 60 varieties,
explains C. O. D. plan,
tells liow to plant and grow strawberries, rasp¬
berries, blackberries, grapes, etc.
A. G. BLOUNT, Dept. A, Hastings, N. Y.
50,000 WILDER CURRANT
Plants, 1 year, at $14.00 per M; in lots of 5,000, $12.00
per M. J. F. WYGAN’l, Marlboro, N. Y, ,
CABBAGE SEED
New Enkhuizen Glory (the world’s best cab¬
bage): extra selected seed, my own importa¬
tion. direct from Introducers In Holland of
this truly wonderful Cabbage, Lb. $2 50. Oz.,
35 cts., Pkt., 10 cts. E. J. Wakefield, All
Head Early. Early Summer, Succession,
Winnigstadt, Surehead. Late Flat Dutch,
Drumhead, Lb. $1.50, Oz. 20 cts., Pkt. 5 cts.
Postpaid. Write for free Catalog.
J. AUG. DRAKE, Seedsman, 100 Main St., Chester, N. J.
CABBAGE SEED— Finest Danish Ball Head Cabbage
Seed grown. Imported stock Oz. , 30c; J4 lb.,
80c; 1 lb., $2.50, postpaid. Danish Giant Cauli¬
flower, oz.. $2.00, Order now. THB BATCHELOR
SEED STORE, 48 Lafayette Street, Utica, N. Y.
ONTON home-grown stock.
OEELf Send for sampies and
prices. J. B. QUIRK, North Madison, Ohio.
O/V/O/V SEED
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg. Flat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
- THEILM ANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA. -
errne Clovers; Medium Red, Mammoth,
OCCUO Alsike, Alfalfa; Timothy, Blue Grass,
Red Top, Soy Beans, Cow Peas, Oats, Corn, etc.
Send tor prices and samples.
ZAC’K DAVIS CO., Delaware Ohio
Clover Seed, Seed Corn, Seed Oats, *igp
Highest quality. Why not buy these direct? Cata¬
log of all kinds of farm seeds mailed free on re¬
quest. MACE & MANSFIELD, Greenville, Ohio.
l>otat°es, Disease-Proof Read’s
^ Goldenflake, Golden Gem, and Peach-
blow. Newvarieties, wonders. Solddirect. Write
for facts., G. A. READ Read's Exp. Farms, Charlotte, Vt.
CLOVER *"o TIMOTHY TiSIH
Cheapest and Best Seeding Known
Alsike, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully % Al¬
sike, a great bargain. Most wonderful hay and pas¬
ture combination that grows. TV rite for Free Sam¬
ple and our large 76-page catalog describing this
wonderful grass mixture. Far ahead of anything
you can sow and ridiculously cheap. Be convinced.
4. A. Berry .Seed Co., Boxg60 Clariuda, Iowa-
^LTDrnTQ everbearing
OL RLULj raspberry
Bears the first season !
The most productive rasp¬
berry — planted in April, bears
continuously from June to
October of same year. The
first to ripen and the last. Ber¬
ries large, of bright red color
and excellent quality — ship
200 miles in first-class order.
Absolutely hardy a sun-proof.
Out new catalog Free — tells
how to choose and grow small
fruits “that produce profits.’’
J, T. LOVETT, 1
Box 162 Little Silver, N. J.
— The best ever.
Ironclad in
Currant Bushes.
VIEW FRUIT
Perfection Red Raspberry
hardiness; most prolific. Wilder (
Send for circular. VALLEY
FARM, Marlborough, N. Y.
WHOLESALE PRICES
On Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry,
' Grape Plants, Heavy Rooted,
Currant, Asparagus and Grape Plants, Heavy Roote
Hlgb Grade Stock. I9tb Annual Catalogue Free.
R. WESTON A CO- R. 8 Bridgman, Mich,
Strawberry Plants SS “S^
plants. Low prices. H, H. BENNING, Clyde, N.Y
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That’s what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. D. M. TEETER, Belleville, Ohio.
S
TRAWBERRY PLANTS only *1.50 & $1 .75 per 1000. Ulus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIRDIN, Har.ly, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for new Illus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Del.
Strawberry Plants-f“TrU;
at ST .00 per 1,000 and up. Catalogue free.
ALLF.N BROS., l’AW PAW, Mich.
STB A W RE BUY Plants. Send for free catalog. Large
stock Miller, best red raspberry, only $5 pci- 1000. Also,
eggs for hatching. Pure W. Wv. and B. P. R., 2G eggs
for $1.25. Slaymaker & Sox, Wyoming, Del.
PLANTS FOR SALE— All varieties of Early and Late
Vegetable Plants; also forty varieties Straw¬
berries; juices right; established twenty years.
Price list free. S. C. ATHERTON, Green wood. Del.
^trau/horru Plsntc of the Best Vaiietics-
OMunUCliy riulllo Descriptive Catalogue
Free. BASIL PERRY, D. 18, Cool Spring, Del.
FRUIT TREES and PLANTS
At prices that will astonish you. Send for Whole¬
sale Price List and Lithographs. Several good
collections cheap. We have a complete assortment
in all varieties of fruit trees and plants. Special
Strawberry Catalog. Headquarters for the Old-
Fashioned Sweet Cherry. No crooked or inferior
stock sold at any price. Satisfaction guaranteed.
L’AMOREAUX NURSERY CO.. Schoharie, N. Y.
1911.
THE RURA.L, NEW-YORKER
233
THAT DRILL CONTRACT CASE. VERMONT OR MARYLAND.
On page 2 is the story of a case in Ohio
where a dealer was sued on a contract for
farm machinery and forced to pay for
grain drills which were not satisfactory.
This should be explained still further for
the benefit of many readrs who do not
fully understand what a contract is.
With a machine or other article, ad¬
vertised and sold to do certain work,
there is an implied warranty that such
machine will operate in a satisfactory
manner, and any court will so rule, pro¬
vided there is no specific contract be¬
tween buyer and seller. However, when
the buyer signs a specific contract he
waives all implied warranty, and the
purchased article is only warranted as
specified in the signed contract. Hence
the buyer should sign no contract until
he is sure that it guarantees the machine
fully.
In the case of the drills mentioned
some time ago, the local dealer took
back from his customers all the drills
upon complaint that they would not
work properly, but when time came for
settlement with the makers he wanted
pay for storage charges and incidental
expenses. The manufacturers offered to
rebuild the drills, but refused to pay
the dealer’s expenses. The whole mat¬
ter depends on the contract, and this
contract the local dealer should not have
signed, and if he wanted to sell this
make of drill he should have bought
them without a signed or other specific
contract, for then if the machines did
not work properly the makers could not
collect their cost, under the law, until
made satisfactory to the purchaser. A
contract is sacred in law and a specific
contract or warranty waives any implied
warranty and excludes any claims not
in the specific contract. So much for
the legal aspects of the case. From a
common sense business standpoint the
drill company in this case is making a
blunder that will do them much harm
for years to come. They should see
that the machines they make are really
wheat drills, and not something that
looks like wheat drills. About all the
local dealer can do under the law, and
bound by such a contract, is to pay for
his junk, and decide not to sign the
next contract. One of the attorneys in
this case tells me that the Supreme
Court of Minnesota, in a recent decision,
upheld the lower courts that decided a
case for the plaintiffs on a contract
similar to the one referred to above.
Recently, in a adjoining county, Clin¬
ton, a suit has been filed by this drill
company to recover the price of 20
drills. It is very probable that a verdict
will be rendered similar to the one ren¬
E. L. 8., Guilford, Yt. — Od the east shore
of Maryland there are farms that can be
bought for $8 an acre. I was there once
for a short time ; the soil looked good, level
and free from stones, and is quite near
markets. What is the cause of this cheap
land? The buildings are not much; could
a man go there with capital enough to start
free from debt and take a carload of pure¬
bred cattle with him (as I did not see any
stock there), and go to work? Do you think
he could make one of those farms of much
value? Or would it be better to stay in
Vermont among my rocks and the eight-
month Winter.
Ans. — We have had some 500 letters
from people who ask advice about
changing their location. There are good
opportunities in the section you mention.
While much of the land has been neg¬
lected it will respond to good culture
and fertilizing. Clover, cow peas, Soy
beans, Alfalfa and other forage crops
can be grown, the seasons are long and
the climate is mild. There may be ob¬
jections to stock raising that we do not
know of, but it looks as if cattle and
hogs would do well in that country. The
conditions which make land cheap date
back to the Civil War or beyond it.
There has been great lack of ambition
on the part of many native farmers,
and others have gone west and farther
south. A new comer without preju¬
dice or easy-going habits would be likely
to do well if he has the patience to stay
by his job until he learns how. When
it comes to telling a man whether he
should stay in Vermont or go south we
are out of it, for that is simply a ques¬
tion for the man. How deeply is he
rooted where lie is? Can he and his
wife and family stand the strain of go¬
ing from the hills down into a flat, level
land? Will they be homesick for old
friends and old scenes? That is what it
will finally come to with most people.
The chances are that an enterprising
man can make more money with his
cattle in Maryland, but will his family
be satisfied?
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal,” See guarantee page 16.
IT’S FOOD
That Restores and Makes Health Possible.
There are stomach specialists as well
as eye and ear and other specialists.
One of these told a young lady, of
New Brunswick, N. J., to quit medicines
and eat Grape-Nuts. She says:
“For about 12 months I suffered se¬
verely with gastritis. I was unable to
retain much of anything on my stomach,
and consequently was compelled to give
up my occupation.
“I took quantities of medicine, and had
an idea I was dieting, but I continued
to suffer, and soon lost 15 pounds in
weight. I was depressed in spirits and
lost interest in everything generally. My
mind was so affected that it was impos¬
sible to become interested in even the
lightest reading matter.
“After suffering for months I decided
to go to a stomach specialist. He put
me on Grape- Nuts and my health began
to improve immediately. It was the
keynote of a new life.
dered in this county, Highland, and
mentioned in my former note. The
whole matter, though unfair, is legally
right, and the chief point of interest is :
Be sure you understand a contract be¬
fore you sign it. Better consult a law¬
yer before than afterward.
Ohio. w. e. duckwaee.
MANURE AND TOBACCO STEMS.
B. B. B., New Orleans, La.- — I can get
for hauling all of the horse and cow manure I
want, tobacco stems for $5 a ton, about
300 pounds of unleached hardwood ashes a
week for the hauling, hen manure from
50 to 60 hens. I can cut stems in 1-2 inch
pieces with a hay cutter. What crops will
be benefited by the use of the above, and
what quantity to use? I am working into
strawberries, plums, hens and truck. I have
one acre now planted to muskmelons, corn,
potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, pepper and
cucumbers.
Ans. — The tobacco stems are worth
about four times as much as the manure.
If you are keeping stock it would pay
to cut the stems and use them to absorb
the liquids. We should chop them and
put them around the vine plants. They
make a good fertilizer and help to keep
off insects. Use them also for nests in
the henhouses and mixed with the litter.
They do not drive off the hen lice en¬
tirely but will help. Use the ashes on
any of the crops you mention except po¬
tatoes. We should broadcast them as
fast as we got them and work in with
hoe or cultivator. Do not mix the ashes
with the manure. We would haul the
manure and cover the ground thick.
Plow it under and plant and broadcast
the ashes and work into the upper soil.
Cut the stems and scatter them around
the vines and plants.
“I found that I had been eating too
much starchy food which I did not di¬
gest, and that the cereals which I had
tried had been too heavy. I soon proved
that it is not the quantity of food that
one eats, but the quality.
“In a few weeks I was able to go back
to my old business of doing clerical
work. I have continued to eat Grape-
Nuts for both the morning and evening
meal. I wake in the morning with a
clear mind and feel rested. I regained
my lost weight in a short time. I am
well and happy again and owe it to
Grape-Nuts.” Name given by Postum
Co., Battle Creek, Mich.
Read “The Road to Wellville,” in
pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter ? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY
Potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, cantaloupe,
small fruits, orchards, can be sprayed, ac
slight; comparative cost for protection against
blight, bugs, scale, etc. .with an "IKON AGS”
3PBAXEK. Also, actually increases the
yield. The machine is adjustable to various
width rows — solution thoroughly mixed —
delivered in a fine spray that covers the plant
— single or double acting pumps — three, four; six or fioven
rows — one or two horses — 55 or 100 gallon steel or wood
tanks. Has orchard attachment and many others.
mourn Farm and Garden Tool*
ere practical, effective, economical
They give permanent satisfac¬
tion. We have been making
the dependable kind for 75 /'£
years. Formulas for .-.^Ab¬
solutions furnished on
application. Write for
our ‘free Anniversary -
Catalog: showing pota- _
to machinery, horse hoes, cultivators and complete line '
of garden drills, wheel hoes, orchard tools, etc,
BATEMAN M'F’G CO. Box Grenloch, N. J.J
We Do More Than Guarantee
This Great Farmers Motor Car To You
SO wonderful is the great value in the Abbott-Detroit, so firmly are we
convinced of its ability to outlive the toughest conditions, so complete is
our belief that no other car in the world is so well suited to the farmer
because of type, strength and price, that we are willing to outdo all others in
protecting our owners, in spending thousands of dollars, that others keep as profits, for giving
regular instruction and maintenance service to all who purchase tire Abbott-Detroit.
When you get your Abbott-Detroit you will not only have the best motor car in the
world at the price but you will have behind you a great organization of experts whose idea
is permanence and not immediate profit and who will see to it that your Abbott-Detroit is in
first-class condition all the time.
This Remarkable “Pedigreed”
Abbott- IVfroit
Really Does Not Need A Guarantee It’s So Strong
Every Abbott-Detroit turned out of our fac¬
tory is so perfect, so absolutely a unit in con¬
struction and so powerful right down to the last
nut and screw that you can drive it over the
worst roads and it will never give a sign of any¬
thing but magnificent balance and standardiza¬
tion. That’s why you have hardly any repair
charges and the cost of running this car is way
down to bed rock. It is easy to operate, easy to
keep in good running condition, easy to keep
looking like a brand new car. It requires little
money and little attention for anything.
There are many other cars listed at $1500 but
by the time you have paid for all the extras you
have expended up to $2000. The Abbott-Detroit
at $1500 includes everything but top and wind¬
shield. It includes a complete electric light
equipment of two electric headlights and com¬
bination electric and oil side and rear lamps
and Bosch High Tension or Splitdorf dual igni¬
tion system.
Continually bear in mind that the Abbott-
Detroit has many features heretofore found only
in motor cars selling up to $4000.
Write for the Book of the Abbott-Detroit in
which we tell you everything about the car and
what we do for you after you buy it. Let us give
you a letter of introduction to your local dealer
so that you can see the car itself. Drop us a
postal now before our supply of books runs out.
Abbott Motor Co.
126 Waterloo St
Detroit, Mich.
Can You Afford to Waste Grain?
Thousands of bushels of good grain are wasted every year
through improper feeding. Let us send you our Free booklet,
“The ltight W ay to Feed Grain.” Gives facts and sugges¬
tions hy most successful stock-raisers in thiscountry. Tells
how to feed hogs, cattle, milk-cows, horses, sheep and
poultry. Don’t miss this opportunity . Write to-day 1
lieu) a/feUand Feed Mills
are money-makers for farmers and stock-raisers.
They grind corn on the cobor small grain perfectly.
Willgrindcoarse for stock or flneas flour fortalde.
Easy to run. Use any kind of power. 6 sizes. Get
one from your dealer on Free Trial. I f he hasn’t
one, write us. W e will then supply you and give
you an extended Free Trial. Sena for catalogue.
NEW HOLLAND MACHINE CO.. Box 41 New Holland, Pa.
PROGRESSIVE FERTILIZERS
f
Swift s Animal Fertilizers bring you plant food in Nature’s richest forms. They
■ are made of Bone, Meat and Blood with high grade Potash added. Organic matter
is an absolute necessity in restoring run down soils. It opens up the heavy clay to
light and air, warms the soil, and furnishes available plant food from the very start.
Swift’s Fertilizers do more than nourish crops, they build up the soil for future years.
.... , . . N. Chichester, December, 1910.
I have tried the various kinds sold in N. H., and have found that there is
no fertilizer equal to Swift’s Animal Fertilizers. We are using altogether
the Superior Brand for corn and potatoes. This season, which has been very
unfavorable for both corn and potatoes, we had corn that measured fifteen
inches in length, on ground that was planted to potatoes last year. Not a
speck of manure was used and only 450 lbs. of Superior Fertilizer per acre.
“ About potatoes, I never succeeded in raising over ‘200 bushels of potatoes
to the acre until 1 commenced to use Swift’s Superior Brand of Fertilizer.
This year we raised 300 bushels of nice market potatoes to the acre, on 1200 lbs.'
of Superior Fertilizer. No manure of any kind being used; this fertilizer
being sowed in the drills and potatoes planted with machine 13 inches apart in
the drill. Owing to the very dry season, I consider this a nice crop, as some of
my neighbors did not raise enough for their own use on other
- - ■. .
makes of fertilizers. I nan safely say that I have never
used or sold any make of fertilizer that gave the satis¬
faction as Swift’s.” Very respectfully,
w. c. batcheldeR.
They are safe and efficient, may be used with or
without manure, and are always uniform.
See our local agent or write us direct. Pocket
Handbook Free.
Swift’s Lowell Fertilizer Co.,
40 North Market St., Boston.
tVe have some towns open for good
local agents.
204,
February 25.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Direct from Factory, Freight Prepaid
and Guaranteed by the Manufacturer
You can buy a Gold Coin Stove from us to to
#20 leas than dealer’s
prices. We pay freight;
safe delivery insured,
polished and all ready
to set up.
“Satisfaction or your
money back any time
within 1 year”
is our written
guaranty.
Free Catalog
— Illustrates
all our Stoves.
Gives Price
List and tells our
Plan and Offer.
Send for it.
Hold Coin Stove Co.
3 Oak St. Troy, N. T.
Big Bargains in
QUAKER CITY
FEED MILLS
8end your name for money saving prices on 41-year
standard grinders. Book shows complete line. We
pay the freight.
Mo Money Down
Liberal Free Trial
Prove to yourself how superior
Quaker City Mills are. Grind
everything from Corn with
husks tograham flour. Ifnotas
you expect, return at our ex- l_
pense. Get Free Book at once
and pick your style. Address
A. G. STRAUB COMPANY
3737 Filbert St., Phila.. Pa.
or The Machinery Warehouse
3707 8. Ashland Ave. , Chicago, I1L
AGENTS 1004 PROFIT
Patented. New Useful Combination.
Low priced. Agents aroused. Sales easy. Every home needs
tools. Hero are 15 tools In one* Essex, Co., N. Y. agent sold 100
first ftw days. Mechanic in shop sold 50 to fellow workmen.
Big snap to hustlers. Just write a postal — say : Give me special
confidential terms. Ten-Inch •ample free if you mean business.
THOMAS HFG. C0.» 5865 Wayne Street, DAYTON* OHIO
’ AW your own
O wood
and save
time, coal and
money ; or saw
your neighbors
wood and
MAKE
$5 TO $15
A DAY
Hundreds are doing it with an Appleton Wood Saw.
Why not youf We make six styles — steel or wooden
frames — and if desired will mount the saw frame on
a substantial 4-wheel truck on which you can also
mount your gasoline engine and thus have a
PORTABLE WOOD SAWING RIG
that is unequalled in effective work and profitable
operation.
We make the celebrated Hero Friction Feed Drag
Saw also, and complete lines of feed grinders, com
shelters, corn huskers. fodder cutters, manure spread¬
ers, horse powers, windmills, etc. Ask for our Free
Catalogue.
27 Fargo Sfreef
Balavia.Ill.U.S.Aj
Appleton Mfg.Co.
Potato Culture.
Potatoes are unquestionably one of
the most profitable crops the farmer can
grow and he should investigate the mat¬
ter, do a little experimenting and see
whether or not his land is adapted to
raising them. With present day meth¬
ods and machinery the labor of planting
and harvesting has been greatly reduced.
Chief among potato planters is the
Evans, manufactured by The Ameri¬
can Seeding-Machine Co., Incorpor¬
ated, Springfield, Ohio. This machine
opens the furrow, plants, and covers
the seed in the best possible manner —
far more accurately than can lie done
by hand. It has adjustable pickers that
will handle all sized seed. Where arti¬
ficial fertilizers are to be used, an ac¬
curate fertilizer attachment can be fur¬
nished, which is guaranteed to sow any
and all brands. The Evans Potato
Planter will pay for itself in a single
season where the acreage is sufficient.
One man or boy can operate the Evans
under all conditions of seeding. It is
light draft, simple and strong. Send
to the manufacturers for a copy of their
Evans Potato Planter catalogue. If you
want special information they will be
pleased to answer your questions. After
you have read this catalogue, go to
your implement dealer and insist on
seeing the Evans — the machine that
must and will do all the manufacturers
claim. Take no substitute. Get the
Evans — the machine that “makes good.”
THOSE $9 HENS.
How the Returns are Figured.
Having a new house finished, we
placed 104 hens picked from our flock,
selling all the others. We were then
ready for business. The two years pre¬
vious to 1909, when there was any neg¬
lect to offer, we gave it all to the hens,
but I decided to alter that rule. During
1909 I neglected the farm, or anything
except the poultry. Had any practical
farmer visited me during that year I
would have hesitated to show him about
the farm. I will not try to describe it,
but let anyone imagine what they choose
and chances are 10 to one they will un¬
derrate it. During the Spring months
we used 2,740 eggs in incubators and
1,198 were used by the family During
1909 we enlarged the henhouse and when
the pullets were old enough, we placed
them in the large house, having had
them in colony houses after leaving the
brooders. The first 60 chosen laid 480
dozen eggs by January 1, 1910; and
all we kept, old and young, 267 alto¬
gether, laid 153 on that day (January 1,
1910). The egg record shows the 104
old ones and the pullets raised from
them had laid 21,464 during the year.
There were, to be exact, just 175 pullets
kept; that is the most we found good
enough to keep from 2,740 eggs set, and
were bemoaning our ill luck, but I will
submit the figures taken from account
book :
Eggs actually sold . $481.87
Poultry actually sold . 185.84
Eggs used by family (1198) . 33.10
Poultry used by family (10 head)... 10.00
Increase of voug stock (175 head). 175.00
Droppings (9600 pounds during the
year) . 96.00
Total . $981.81
The young stock I valued at $1 each,
and surely any pullet that is laying nicely
on January i is worth a dollar. The
droppings I value at $20 per ton, as I
think it worth more than some fertili¬
zers sold, at $35 per ton. The eggs used
in house* were valued at same price as
the others averaged. I did not try to
see how much I could figure in as
profit, as I think it very foolish to try
to fool yourself ; it is nearly as bad as
stealing sheep from your own flock.
I was greatly surprised to see the total
so high, but could make nothing else
from the books. I am saying nothing
about profit, as I don’t know, for the
reason that we fed two horses, one cow,
and raised 11 pigs, beside one old hog,
all from the same grain bins.
As nearly as I can figure, the old hens
averaged 164 eggs each, which number
seems to be beaten by any number of
individual hens, but I see no record of
a whole flock doing better, except the
flock kept by Prof. Gowell. I am send¬
ing statement as I think it should be,
but I am more than willing that anyone
will show where I am wrong, as 104
head was my entire flock on January 1,
1909; therefore, every bit of the income
must be on this account. I gave the
hens the best care I could, and also the
best of feed. I use no mash, wet or
dry, as I wish to save the time, al¬
though 1 must admit that hens do better
on a warm mash once a day. I will
admit the amount seems large, but we
were continually bemoaning our luck
because the eggs hatched so poorly, so
you will see how hard it is to satisfy
some persons.
Our feeding system is as simple as we
can make it ; usually dry oats for break¬
fast; at noon time we give about one-
quarter of full feed of wheat, barley or
wheat screenings. At night they have
all the cracked corn they will eat, and
no scratching to find it, as I want them
to go to roost with a full crop. I have
a long trough to feed that in. The noon
meal is more to keep the hens busy
than to feed them. During the Winter
months I use cabbage and mangels for
“green food.” During Winter of 1909-
1910, 267 head devoured 90 bushels of
mangels. I use the Golden Tankard, as
I think it colors the yolks of the eggs
much better, although any variety is
good. If there is any shortage of green
food I use cut clover, used dry. I
keep no roosters with the stock that lays
eggs for the market, and breeding stock
is separated from the market stock.
I started with intention of keeping
Leghorns only, but found the White
Wyandottes did better in eggs during
cold weather. I changed to them. I
had customers for Leghorn eggs, and
when I changed they refused, point
blank, to take brown eggs, so I lost their
trade. I had no trouble to sell all the
brown eggs I could get, but found a
number of people who would pay five
cents more per dozen for white eggs, so
I put Leghorns on again. Now we keep
two kinds, but each is by itself and not
mixed. Some customers we send mixed
eggs and hear no complaint. W.J.dougan
The One Harrow f
Bargain of 1911
Proved on Thirty Days Free Trial— No Money Down
Cash or Credit— Long Guarantee— and Freight Paid
No other harrow can equal this original tongueless disc for quality.
And our factory price makes it the leader in value. It’s the only
genuine tongueless disc — all others are weak imitations and don’t
save your time or horses or money. We let you prove the superi¬
ority of the Detroit- American on our real free trial — no money in
advance, no deposit and we pay the freight. If you decide to keep
jthe machine after the trial send money or pay on time. Either
way, our unlimited-time guarantee protects you forever. Get our
book and price before you take a step towards buying any harrow.
Detroit-American ""WS"*
is the only all steel tongueless disc made. This means no breakage, no
repairs or costly delays in busy season. Read about its light draft, strength,
durability and efficiency. Wide tired steel wheels — high arched axle — flex¬
ible pivot — uniform cutting steel disc sections which do not strike together
in the center. End thrust taken up by hard maple ring bearings. Steel
separators between blades. Pipe oilers. Long blade scrapers.
Get the barrow you want — 16 sizes cutting from 4 to 10 feet in width,
with 16. 18 or 20-inch blades. Cutaway or regular
round disc blades furnished as ordered. We give you
everything anybody else docs and more. A better
harrow— a bed-rock factory price — a real free trial —
cash or credit — unlimited time guarantee and we pay
the freight. Send coupon or postal right now for best
book and prices on harrows— also Detroit-American
Manure Spreaders and Cultivators. Address
AMERICAN HARROW COMPANY
1640 Hastings Street Detroit, Michigan
(Warehouses In Many Cities Insure Prompt Delivery)
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Here’s
is Genuine— All
Others Are Weak Imitations
YOU OWE IT TO YOUR HORSES
to clip them before you put them at the hard spring work. Clipped horses sweat less, they dry off quicker
at night, they get better rest and their food does them more good. They come out in the morning refreshed
and fit for a better day's work.
Stewart Ball Bearing
Clipping Machine
from the solid steel bar and made file hard.
This is the only clipping: machine ever made that
carries a 23 year guarantee.
The gears arc all enclosed Price all
and run in oil; they are cut complete V
There is 6 feet of new style flexible shaft, so rea(jy to
It also has the famous Stewart one nut tension knife
clip only
>y 50
all parts arc reached easily.
12 Get one^f these splendid machines from your dealer or send $2.00 and we will ship C. O. D. for the
balance. Write for new 1911 catalogue showing the world’s most complete line of clipping and
shearing machines. Write today.
Chicago Flexible Shaft Co. 143 LaSalle Ave. Chicago
PAYS FOR ITSELF EVERY THIRTY DAYS
Touts
f THE50 1 LI
8\ TWlCEjf'
Without a doubt Clark’s Double Action “Cutaway” Harrow with Jointed Pole
Is a most wonderful farm tool. It cuts the soil twice, throwing it in opposite
directions, filling in the hollows, tnus leveling the land All bingie Action
Harrows’ have to he Briveu in Half bap.
It is drawn by two medium horses. It can be sot
to move the earth but little, or at so great a u
angle as to move the earth eight or nine inches,
liuns truein line ofdraft. A customer
wrote recently that his “Cutaway
pays for itself every thirty days in
‘labor saved.
The Jointed Pole takes all weight off the horses’ necks,
and keeps their heels away from the disks.
We make a “Cutaway” for every crop Every need is
fullv supplied by the different styles of genuine Cut¬
away” Tools. If your dealer won’t supply you, we will.
Write us. “Intensive Cultivation,” our new booklet.
Is free. Send a postal to-day.
CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 839 Main
lOO-H
Street; HfGGANUNl, CONN.
Frames are Made of Steel.
The Le Roy Plow Co., Le Roy, N. Y., have built up a
wonderful reputation on a wonderful Walking
Plow. Now to meet the almost universal demand for
Riding Plows, this Company has worked its
special plow experts overtime and the Result is
the most perfect, practical. Riding Plow
offered to the practical farmer. Easy and con¬
venient loot trip. Extreme Pole Shift. Tilt¬
ing Seat. All Steel Frame (others
are cast iron) Patent Square Steel Jointer
Standards — Chilled Iron or Steel Bot¬
toms, best of all Easy Draft and Easy
to Operate, the same as the big line of
Le Roy Walking Plows. Ask for our
1911 catalogue.
You usually can find them with your
best dealers.
LE ROY PLOW CO, Le Roy, N. Y.
LIME
Hydrated, Powdered, in hags, for fer¬
tilizing and spraying. Works near
Albany. Hudson River Lime Co.,
428 East 26th Street, Brooklyn, N. Y .
PLANT CORN
Peas, Beans, Beets,
Buckwheat, etc.
VIMr1 OF THE
iVilNLi CORN FIELD”
marks out rows and plants In drills or hills, 4%, 9,
12, 18, 24, 36 or 72 Inches apart. Corn and any other
seed at same time. Distributes al 1 commercial fer¬
tilizers, wet. dry. lumpy, etc.. 26 to 700 lbs. per acre.
A great labor and time saver. Built to last. Full
guarantee. Write for Free Book.
Belcher & Taylor A. T. Co.
Box 75 > Chicopee Falls, Maas.
CIRCULAR 43
PROLONGING the LIFE of FENCE POSTS
Now ready for free distribution.
Full and complete data on brush and tank treat¬
ment of fence or vineyard posts to prevent their
decay by use of Avenarius Carbolineum, the wood
preserver in constant use since 1875. Write
CARBOLINEUM WOOD PRESERVING CO.
181 Franklin Street, New York, N. Y.
HANDY GARDEN TOOL
Here’s a practical tool for the farmer or
gardener— our No. 6 Combined Double and
Single Wheel Hoe, Hill and Drill Seeder.
Four tools for the price of one. It plants
In hills or continuous rows, covers the seed,
rolls the soil, marks the next row, hoes,
weeds and cultivates. Simple, easy to oper¬
ate, and does a day’s work in 60 minute*.
IRON AGE
For 76 years we have
made dependable tools
of quality for the
farmer, trucker and
t o w n gardeners. Wo
make S3 garden tools
at *2.50 to $12.00 each.
Write to-day for Anniversary Catalog
describing our entire line including
potato planters, cultivators, sprayers,
diggers, orchard and other tools.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
BOX 1022 GRENLOCH. N. J.
1911.
235
THE RUKAE NEW-YORKER
Potash for Corn.
H. H. C Avondale, ra. — In 1908 we top-
dressed <a poor showing of Timothy hay
with 100 pounds of nitrate of soda and 100
pounds of ground bone. We had a crop of
(we think) at least three tons of fine hay
to the acre. Of course we were greatly
pleased. Next Spring we plowed the 11
acres and planted corn. On this we put 400
pounds of S. C. rock and ground bone
mixed and drilled it on the land, not in
the row, and did not have 60 bushels of
corn to the acre. This land should have
produced 100 bushels of corn. This was
followed by a big crop of oats. We had
same experience with 14 acres of Timothy
in 1909, got large crop of hay, and corn
was poor following it. We should have had
100 bushels corn, as all our neighbors had
big corn. Did the nitrate of soda hurt
the corn crop, or what is the matter?
Ans. — Nitrogen is the “dominating
element” for grass— that is, the element
which usually determines the yield. In
this case the nitrate acted somewhat
like a stimulant, forcing the grass crop
to a heavy yield and thus taking from
the soil not only nitrogen, but available
phosphoric acid and potash. The result
was that the corn grew on a sod con¬
taining organic nitrogen, but little avail¬
able potash. In the rock and potash
you add phosphoric acid and a little
nitrogen, but no potash whatever. Now
the “dominating element” in corn is
potash. The ash of the cob is about
one-half potash, and like all other plants
which produce starch, corn needs an
abundance of this element. Your corn
did not come up to expectations because
the nitrate forced the grass and thus
drew available potash from the soil and
you did not add any to make up for the
loss. The yield would have been better
if you had used 150 pounds muriate of
potash and 50 pounds of nitrate of soda
with the rock and lime.
Presently arrived a blank to fill — for a fe¬
male servant. After due alterations there¬
in, references furnished and carfare sent,
we waited for our man, who was to be
Danish or German or some other dairy
country. A notice arrived saying that my
letter would be shown to all immigrants,
and should anyone desire the place he
would be sent. June, July, August passed,
then a letter saying that nobody of the na*
tionalities I specified would go. Wouldn’t
I take some other (meaning a Pole or Rus¬
sian) ? I declined and the money was re¬
turned. I had offered from $16 to $18 and
board to a man not speaking English, the
first month, with a gradual increase, on a
farm with 3 y2 hours from New York. Of
all the thousands arriving in New York,
not one wanted such a place. I concluded
the object of the Immigration Bureau to be
the prevention of farm immigration, and I
still think that is the idea at bottom. But
last week I went to the New York office
and found a neat, well organized establish¬
ment, a waiting room filled with young,
strong immigrants, and a Dane, in search of
a place, just three weeks landed. lie is a
high-class immigrant, and at this moment
is at work by himself in the barn. He
looked at me, and being told about the place
by the interpreter, came at once. There
was a perfectly businesslike system of book¬
keeping in the office by which my corre¬
spondence was found in two minutes — and
my impression of the bureau was most fa¬
vorable — not a suspicion of graft anywhere.
What was the secret of my first disappoint¬
ment and my second success? You can get
farm labor if you go for it personally. The
men will go with some one they have seen.
They will not go into the interior alone.
FANNY MORRIS SMITH.
Gypsum and Alkali Soil.
O., San Diego, Cat. — Some people here
spread gypsum on strawberries, because
there is some alkali or salt cither in the
ground or in the irrigation water. I, too,
was going to spread some gypsum on my
strawberries, but your paper, just received,
says that lime should be kept away from
strawberries. My strawberry ground has
some alkali, probably it comes from the
irrigation water. I am afraid the alkali
would be destructive to strawberries if no
proper remedy is applied. What should I
do for it, if 1 cannot use lime?
Ans. — If the soil or the irrigation
water, or both, contain a sufficient
amount of black alkali, or sodium car¬
bonate, to be injurious by puddling the
soil, making it heavy and hard to till;
by acting as a poison, corroding the
roots ; or by dissolving the humus and
phosphates, permitting them to be lost
either by leaching at times of. heavy ir¬
rigation or heavy rainfall ; or to be
drawn by capillary action to the surface
above the roots, and so not available to
the plants, it is very probable that gyp¬
sum would be beneficial. Hilgard long
ago pointed out the effect of gypsum on
black alkali, having his attention first
called to the subject through his ob¬
servation that where soil waters carry
considerable amounts of gypsum, or sul¬
phate of lime, in solution the sodium
carbonate, or black alkali was likely to
be absent or to be present in too small
quantities to be directly harmful to
crops. The direct action of the lime
sulphate upon the black alkali is to con¬
vert it into the less harmful white alkali
or sodium sulphate, which does not
have the strong tendency to puddle soils
or to render the humus and phosphates
more soluble, causing them to rise above
the active roots into the dry soil at the
surface, or to be lost by leaching.
F. II. KING.
A Concrete Farm Roller.
I read an Inquiry in regard to land roll¬
ing and make to use. I cannot give advice
as to land to roll or wtiat make to use, but
can, I believe, give a few hints on making
a concrete roller, which is as follows : Take
a shaft or an old wagon axle and get some
1x2 or three inch, lumber, bevel edges and
put them up in round form the length you
may wish, and also diameter; center your
shaft or axle, letting it project on each end,
say six or seven inches, and fill the form,
which should be standing on end, with
a good mixture of concrete, say a one to
three mixture of Portland cement and
clean, sharp sand, coarse preferable. Hooks
to hold form can be made by blacksmith, or
use smooth fence wire or telephone wire,
using plenty of hoops to hold form from
bulging. I think it best to reinforce con¬
crete for this with old nayrake teeth or al¬
most any old iron convenient. When form
is filled let stand 30 days, and you are
ready to build on axle, which can be done
in a great many ways to suit individual
with ways and means at hand. If you have
a mowing machine seat to place on it you
will find it easy to i ide. Rollers can be
made in this way for i : arly all use a roller
could be put to, f : i a ; end roller for lawn
to a steam power. I. f:;, .ring the heft de¬
sired. and they will be found veiy cheap
and durable. There is one caution that I
might state; do not give them a sudden jar
until concrete is thoroughly set or hardened,
30 days or more. Price of such a roller will
depend on size and what part will have to
be bought. In my immediate locality not
to count labor, the roller can be made for
what freight would cost ordinarily.
Pennsylvania. edgar w". corey.
Uncle Sam’s Employment Bureau.
The following experience will serve to
answer several questions we have recently
had about the work of the U. S. Govern¬
ment in providing farm helpers :
Perhaps two years ago we received a
printed slip setting forth that the United
States had undertaken the distribution of
labor among farmers, and organized an
employment bureau. In due time there
came a need and I wrote them for a man.
Women
Appreciate
Step-savers and Time-savers.
Post
Toasties
FOOD
is fully cooked, ready to serve
direct from the package with
cream or milk, and is a
deliciously good part of any
meal.
A trial package usually
establishes it as a favorite
breakfast cereal.
“The Memory Lingers”
Postum Cereal Company, Ltd.,
Battle Creek, Mich.
WHEN you buy David Bradley plows you
don’t pay for the Bradley factory’s eighty years’ experience in
making plows for every kind of soil in every state. That
experience is worth a lot to you, but you get it for nothing.
No matter where you farm, or in what kind of soil, you’ll
find in the Bradley line a plow expressly designed and built
to meet your requirements.
COur purchase of the great David Bradley plant has revolu¬
tionized prices on these famous farm tools. The Bradley
reputation for quality and our celebrated money back guar¬
antee are invincible arguments to any farmer.
David Bradley XX-Rays $j| »T50
Frame Hitch Gang Plow, T I =
Highest Lift, Lightest Draft, Most
Easily Handled.
High, heavy, dust-
EI
J?
roof wheels, with
Frame of heavy high quality steel, strongly braced.
Cannot spring out of shape, even In hardest
ground. No friction on plow bottoms. Frame
and bottoms carried on tho wheels, not frame
and wheels carried on the bottoms as you find
In other plows.
Unequalec! for side hill work, because pole_and
both furrow wheels can bo adjusted from the seat
by a lever on pole plate while team Is in motion.
Best plow for stony land; when it encounters a
stone of any size, plow bottoms will ratso over
It without damage and re-enter the ground im¬
mediately. Unnecessary to lock bottoms In
ground; suction holds them there.
radley patent hubs; 9
inches wearing space
on all axles.
Simple and effective
foot lift; any boy who
can handle a team can
do the work of a grown
up man and do it as
easily. High lift; point
of share raises 6 inches
from ground.
Short hitch ; plow and team coupled up close, doing
away with side draft. Plow pulls easier and
handles better than any other. Turns square cor¬
ners either way, with bottoms in or out of ground.
Bottoms are the celebrated Garden City Clipper
shapes, the most perfectly formed shapes known.
All bottoms double shinned. A shape for every
state in the Union. Guaranteed to scour.
This is but one of the many styles of David Brad¬
ley riding plows. We make other models; frame
or beam hitch, sulky and gang plows', disc
plows, wood and steel beam walking plows of
every description.
C Refer to our big General Catalog for pictures, complete
descriptions and prices of David Bradley Plows, Harrows,
Planters, Cultivators, etc., the farm tools backed by eighty
years of knowing how; or send today for our Book of David
Bradley Farm Implements.
We can always supply promptly any repair part for any Bradley
implement, no matter when or where bought.
- SEARS.R0EBUCKc« -
T
Tfiir
FOR THE “LAND’S SAKE”
You don’t need a Surveyor. Get a
Bostrom Improved Farm Level torkyours55
THIS LEVEL IS NO MAKESHIFT. The outfit includes Level, TelescopO
with magmtying glasses enabling you to read the Target a quarter of a mSa
aw*?y;,tnp0(J» Graduated Rod, Target and Bostrom’s 70 page book— "Soil Sal-
A ^T&l^inK years Practical experience in DRAINING,
TERRACING and IRRIGATING, with full instructions how to use the Level*
Simplicity, Accuracy, Durability GUARANTEED. Used and endorsed In
every State in the Union, also Canada and Mexico. Shipped on receipt of
P,rJ *15.00; money back if not satisfied. Or, if preferred, will ship C. O. D.
*15.00 and express charges, subject to examination. Shipping weight 15 lbs,
II not on sale in your town, order from
BOSTROM-BRADY MANUFACTURING CO.
323-A Brunswick Building' New York
10 Days FREE Trial
Freight Prepaid
Guaranteed 10 Years
Write today for free trial offer. See howyou can get
this big labor-saving farm machine, freight pre¬
paid, for todays free trial without trouble or red
tape. Sharpen all your farm tools, and If you send
It back I’ll pay the return freight too.
Luther Farm Special
Tool Grinder than'grindstone
Will Not Draw Temper From Steel
With the Luther Farm Special Grinder there Is no
need of cooling with water, or no danger of draw¬
ing temper from steel, because the wheels are
Genuine Carborundum
the most wonderful sharpening substance the
world has ever known. But beware of imitations
with high sounding names. Get the Luther Grinder
with the genuine, ten year guarantee, Carborun¬
dum wheols.
Write for Free Trial Offer 4-
Answer this advertisement today and get particu¬
lars of my free trial offer. You’ll be under no
obligations. I will also send you the Interesting
story of Carborundum. Write today sure.
’ Luther Grinder Mfg. Co., C. J. Luther, Prest..
630 Newton St. Milwaukee, Wis.
AGRICULTURE
p= Are THOROUGHLY HARD BURNT
I _ “ Made of best Ohio Clay. Sold in car-load lots.
oo uj Also manufacturers of
3 g HOLLOW BUILDING BLOCK and SEWERPIPE
u_ National Fireproofing Co., Fulton Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa,
236
THE RURAb NEW-YORKEH
February 25,
CARE OF YOUNG ORCHARD.
I am having quite a study about my
young orchard. It is 10 years old, trees
are three inches in diameter, and last Sum¬
mer made strong growth, Greenings the
most, a great many two feet or more on
the upper shoots, Rome and Ben Davis
about 15 inches, Wagener 10 or 12 inches
and Spy, while they seem to be largest
trees owing to their heavier tops (un¬
pruned), only made eight to 10 inches. The
trees look healthy and nice. We tried to
put enough manure around last Spring to
mulch and keep down the grass, but while
a little later the Timothy was four feet
tall and very heavy under trees, other trees
mulched with Sweet clover had xibout the
same result. What shall I do with the
orchard? I had some Suttons, very large
and nice, Ben Davis not very large, but
good color ; Rome Beauty only medium size.
Shall I plow this orchard (water level not
more than 10 feet) or fence and turn in
my seven sows with what pigs I keep?
About everything excepting Spy seems to
have a good many fruit spurs ; still a row
of apple trees along the road in similar soil
has never borne to amount to anything.
New York. B. J. c.
It is evident that eight years or more
ago there were many orchards planted
in sod to be mulched. Now the serious
question is what to do with them. It is
also evident that the high price of pork
has started many farmers into hogs.
Now the owners of these young or¬
chards think they can do a great thing
by fencing the orchards, sowing some
forage crop and turning in hogs. Our
advice is to do nothing of the sort.
Hogs may do great damage to young
trees, especially where mulching has
been done. The soil under the mulch
is usually rich and filled with worms
and other insects. The hogs know this,
and they root and tear such soil. This
rips and breaks off the tree roots and
even the trees themselves. Then the
hogs rub against the trees or gnaw
them, and on the whole will do great
damage in a young orchard. They may
be put in an old orchard of high¬
headed trees and rough bark, but in
such places as is described above the
hog will become a nuisance. We should
keep on mulching that orchard. Cut
the grass twice or more and pile it
around the trees.
NITRATE OF SODA WITH MANURE.
J. M., Potter Hollow, N. Y. — I have a
small farm of 106 acres ; it is mostly flats
and a clay soil. I have been buying all
the manure I could get the last thfree years
and top-dressing my meadows, and I now
have them so they cut a good quality and a
good amount of hay. Which do you think
is cheaper, manure at this price hr pre¬
pared fertilizer? I have just bought a car¬
load of fertilizer and included 500 pounds
nitrate of soda «for my own use. I wish
to use this on my meadows to experiment.
What would be the best way to apply this
to my meadow? I had thought of putting
six or eight quarts of this on every load of
manure on the manure spreader. Would
this be advisable or would you suggest some
other method of applying?
Ans. — You do not give the price you
are paying for manure, so we cannot
judge which would be cheaper. See
what the nitrate costs you. It contains
on the average 16 per cent nitrogen.
Your 500 pounds will carry 80 pounds
of nitrogen, and you can then see what
a pound costs. Figure the price of a
pound of phosphoric acid by seeing what
a ton of acid phosphate costs, and then
if the manufacturers guarantee 14 per
cent you have 280 pounds in the ton.
In a similar way get the price of potash.
A ton of average manure will contain
about 10 pounds of nitrogen, six of
phosphoric acid and 13 of potash. See
what all this will cost in your chemicals,
and you have what the manure is worth
compared with them. Your plan of using
the nitrate is not the best for your ex¬
periment. You could not tell in this
way whether the manure or the nitrate
gave any increase. The fairest way will
be to put the manure on one part and
the nitrate on another. A quart of
nitrate weighs about three pounds. If
you use eight quarts or 24 pounds to a
load and use eight loads to the acre you
would do better to spread 150 pounds
broadcast over another acre for com¬
parison. You can mix the nitrate with
dry soil and mix all together in order
to get an even distribution.
PORTION OF MORTAR TO MASON ARY.
C. R. Bethel, A7. Y. — I want to build a
basement under a barn, 80 by 50 feet, the
basement eight feet hign. How much sand
and lime shall I have to use per perch ?
I would like to strengthen the mortar with
cement, using only flat stone.
Ans. — A well-laid masonry wall
would require about five cubic feet of
sand and one cubic foot of quicklime
per perch of masonry. If it is desired
to use cement with the lime it is usual
to make the cement take the place of
one-third of the lime. A stone wall 30
by 50 feet, 8 feet high and 18 inches
thick, would contain 1,872 cubic feet, 69
cubic yards, or 75 perches, not allowing
for doors or windows. f. h. king.
DAILY
I OUTPUT
18.000
BBLS
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square. EASTON, PA.
A SUBSTITUTE
For Bordeaux Mixture
10-gal. keg making 2 000 to 5,000 gals, spray, delivered
at any B B. station ii. the United States for 912.50.
Prompt shipment*. Every grower ot fruits and vege¬
tables should have our Beport of wonderful results 1910.
B. G. PRATT CO.,M*c”h“.'“dS;"'
53 CHURCH ST.. NEW YORK CITY
CULTIVATE i OFTEN
and you hold the moisture
In the ground. Cultivate
ehallow or deep as the crop
needs it and you release the
forgotten or unknown soil
properties which are needed
to make the crop grow prop¬
erly. We have been niakini
farm tools for 75 years am
think we have as good a line
of Biding Cultivators as you
need to choose from. j
ISON ME RIDING CULTIVATORS
are long lived machines— ad justablc for rows 28 to 50
inches, while in motion— teeth adjustable for depth and
angle — pivot or fixed wheel, one row or two — high or low
wheels — work well on hillsides — farm close
and true. A complete line. Our Anniver¬
sary Catalog will show you— also, potato
machinery, garden wheel hoes and drills
etc. Address
BATEMAN M'F'G CO.
Box 1027 GRENLOCH.N. J. .
Here’s a sprayer f or
YOU and for everybody
who raises fruit, especially the farmer
with only a few acres who has been fooling with a hand sprayer
or not spraying at all because he “didn’t believe a power sprayer would pay
him.” Whether you have two acres of fruit or a hundred— you need the
Waterloo Boy
High Pressure
Power Sprayer
The only question is what size you need.
The Waterloo Boy Power Sprayer delivers a mist-fine spray
and puts it just where you want it, covers every leaf clear to the tree-
tops. No dripping or wasting of the solution.
The pump is double acting and tested up to 300 pounds pressure. All
„ parts exposed to the chemicals are solid brass or brass covered . Has pressure, gauge
and automatic safety discharge back into the tank. All parts accessible and interchangeable.
Power is supplied by our world famous Waterloo Boy Gasoline Engine.
Any size desired is furnished from 2 horse power up and every one carries
our binding 5 Years Guarantee. It maintains a steady high pressure and
feeds four leads of hose, or 2 leads with up to 4 nozzles each. Works as
well on a hillside as on the level.
The outfit is mounted on wooden skids or on a low truck as desired.
The Waterloo Boy Power Sprayer is made just as carefully
and of just as good material as the Waterloo Boy Gasoline
Engine and we stand behind it just as squarely with our clean record
of 18 years of success. We have a special sprayer proposi=
tion to make to every fruit grower, farmer, gardener, and orchardist.
If you have any fruit or vegetables to spray, write for
details at once— it will pay you big. Catalog free.
Waterloo Gasoline Engine Co.,
Waterloo, Iowa.
Use Indestructible Hameless Horse Collars
To Prevent and Cure Galled Shoulders
Cheapest and best for owner— humane and comfortable for animal. Endorsed by
- - Veterinanes, used by City Fire Depts..U. S. Govt., and more than 100,000 farmers and team-
not sters. The Indestructible metal, sine coated collar not only prevents sore necks and should-
<*“• .. .fed, wwiiat the galls ml seres made by otter collars No torse owner can aKord So be wiltoot oar
Indestructible Collars
Uicv save the cost of Itaroes, pads and straps: save In time and
^ convenient*** In liarnesslrur; are llRliter. stronR«*r and better. Always
keep their shape: can be made larger or smaller to fit animal spring tat or
fall poor. No sponjry surface to absorb heat, sweat and dirt. Guaranteed not
to rust In any climate. Cheaper because everlasting. Quickly changed from
one harness to another. Tho ideal collar for all climates and conditions.
Let me send you my portfolio givinir valuable pointers on how to *ot 100% .hors©
power all year around from your team. Ita free and you will find »t decidedly interest-
reading. Indestructible collars are sold direct where I have no dealers, and I II par
th fr. ight. Write me to-day and begin right away to save money, time and horso
co troubles. No part of a harness was ever sold on such a broad and liberal Kuar-
an . because none other was ever so good, and you will aay ao too when you read ray
fol Good pay to live agenta; exclusive territory. Write today. Address
FKD SLOCUM, General Manner, JOHNSTON-SLOCUM CO., 708 Stale St.. Caro, Mick
Yours FREE 30 Days
I’ll Pay Freight Anywhere
Just let me semi my Chatham Fanning Mill to your
R. It. Station on a month’s trial. No money, no
contract and I pay the freight. Return at my ex¬
pense or keep It and take a year to pay me. Just let
me prove the money you can make with a
CHATHAM and Seed Grader
Cleansand grades all kinds of seeds, grasses and grains. Don't
grow weeds or thin stands. Landand taxes are too high. Double
tlie crops, get better crops and have high-priced seed.to sell. Send
postal now for my factory price, liberal terms, and get FREE
BOOK No. 104. Tells how thousands are making big,
with a Chatham. Send your name by next mail.
Manson Cainpliell. Pres.,
CAMPBELL C'”., Detroit, Mich. .
Kansas City, Mo.; St. Paul, Minn.; Seattle, Wash.
No Money Down
No Note
No Contract
Riddles i
Every Purpos#
NO - MONEY - IN - ADVANCE — NO
BANK DEPOSIT — PAY AFTER IT
HAS PAID FOR ITSELF
IXT US SE.ND YOU ANY OF TH1LSE, SPRAYERS — to try for 10 days,
then if you buy, you can pay us caslTor we’ll wait till you sell your crop, then
you can pay us out of the “extra profit.” We pay freight . Wholesale dealers * prices .
Man-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
Spray, “anything” — potatoes or truck. 4 rows at a
time. Also first-class tree sprayer. Vapor spray pre¬
vents blight, bugs, scab and rot from cutting your crop
In half. High pressure from big wheel. Pushes easy.
Spray arms adjust to any width or height of row. Cheap
in price, light, strongand durable. G U ABLANTEED FOU
FIVE FITL TEARS. Needn’t-send-a-centto get it “on
trial.” You can get one free if you are first in your locality.
Write today.
Horse-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
For hi* growers. Most powerful machine made. 80 to
100 gallon tank for one or two horses. Steel a:;le. One-
piece-heavy-angle-iron frame, cypress wood tank with
adjustable round iron hoops. Metal wheels. “Adjust¬
able” spray arms and nozzles. Brass ball-valves, plun¬
ger, strainer, etc. Big pump gives vapor spray. War¬
ranted for live years. Try this machine at our expense
with '■'■your money in your pocket.” See free oiler below.
Write today.
Fltz-AH Barrel Sprayer.
Fits any barrel or tank. High pressure,
perfect agitation, easy to operate. Brass
ball-valves, plunger, strainer, etc. Auto¬
matic strainer. No ”cup leathers or rub¬
ber” about any of our sprayers. Furn¬
ished plain, mounted on barrel, or on
wheels as shown. Five year guarantee.
It don’t cost you “a cent” to try it in your
orchard. Get one free. See below .
Write today.
You can get a Hurst Sprayer absolutely free
If you are the first in your locality this season
to send for one of our sprayers for trial.
Yon need do no canvassing or soliciting, it
will only take 1G minutes of your time. We do the work.
When you get a sprayer from us you get the benefit of our
24 years experience in manufacturing sprayers. Hurst
Sprayers won the gold medal at the National Horticultural
Congress spraying machine contest. Send us a postal or
mark the attached coupon and mail it to us and we will
send you our fine catalog, Bpraying guide, and will tell you
how you can get a sprayer free. Don’t delay, write us at
once for onr free sprayer proposition and save money.
H. L. HURST MFC. CO., 284 North St., Canton, Ohio
H.T„. HURSTMFO.CO., 2R4 North St., Canton, O. 0011011111
Send me your Catalog, Spraying tJuide and “special liUUlUIl -
offer” on the sprayer marked with an X below. . .
.Man-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer. SWltGOllSIJ
.Horse-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
.Fitz-AU Barrel Sprayer.
.4-Wheel Orchard Sprayer.
NAME.
ADDRESS.
1911
Fillers in Apple Orchard.
8. A. H., Oreencastle, Pa. — Which would
you consider most profitable to plant in an
apple orchard of 300 standard or permanent
trees, peaches or dwarf apples? What va¬
rieties of dwarf apples would you recom¬
mend? On our soil peaches do as well as
apples.
Ans. — From our own experience we
should not plant either as fillers. If it
was to be one or the other we should
select peaches. We would rather set the
peaches or dwarf apples by themselves,
and if fillers were desired use early-
bearing varieties of apples. Probably
the same varieties which are suitable
as standards can be best used as dwarfs.
How to Use Nightsoil.
S. B. Olasgp, Conn. — Will you inform
me how and in what way to use nightsoil
for farm land, as I am in a position to
obtain quite a quantity and wish to use it
on sandy loam land, with or without fer¬
tilizers, for whatever crop it is best
adapted? About how much per acre? I
had thought to mix it with water till it
became like a paste and then pour it even
on the land before plowing.
Ans.— It will depend on the condition
this manure is in. If the liquids are
left with it in vaults the best way will
be to pump it out into barrels or tanks,
using a cistern pump with a straight
upright lift. This liquid can then be'
poured over the ground where crops are
to be planted. This is a wasteful plan
in Winter, as this manure contains
soluble plant food which is often leached
out of the soil. The best way to handle
it is to have a compost heap of muck,
old sods or waste and manure, and pour
the liquids onto this heap. This will
hold the plant food and help ferment
the muck. In Spring it can be hauled
and spread like ordinary manure. If
this manure is in earth closets and in
solid condition we should collect and
pile it in layers of good soil. Let it
stand this way about six weeks and
then fork over and use like other
manure. This material has a double
value on the farm. It is somewhat
richer than stable manure, and the plant
food is more soluble. It will not only
help the crops directly, but is one of
the best things to use in a compost heap
to start up fermentation.
Wood Ashes and Fertilizer.
F. P. It., East Windsor Hill, Conn. — I
have always understood that it was not a
good plan to use wood ashes the same
season with commercial fertilizer. Will
you inform me in regard to the exact rea¬
son for this, and how long after the ap¬
plication of ashes would it be safe to apply
the fertilizer?
Ans. — The only sound reason why
wood ashes should not be used with
fertilizer is that the ashes contain
burned lime. This lime will unite with
soluble phosphoric acid to make it “re¬
vert,” or become less soluble. It might
also act to set free the ammonia from
such organic materials as dried blood or
tankage. This would mean a loss if the
mixture were made above ground. Ex¬
cept for these possible objections, thr¬
ashes can be used the same year as the
fertilizer.
Use of Ground Phosphate Rock.
J. II., Summerville, Oa. — Do you think it
would pay me best to use Tennessee ground
phosphate rock instead of using acid phos¬
phate on land for grass, corn, clover and
peas? Will the phosphorus in this ground
rock become available? If so, how long?
What per cent available and not available
in it? The manufacturers claim big things
for this raw ground rock. Would you ad¬
vise sticking to acid phosphate, or use this
not treated with acid?
Ans. — On the lighter soils without
much humus and for garden or quick¬
growing crops we should stick to the
available forms of phosphoric acid. With
crops such as you raise and where
manure is used freely there can be no
doubt that ground phosphate rock gives
results. We do not understand that
there is much, if any, available phos¬
phoric acid in this rock, yet when mixed
THE RURAL NRW -YORKER
with the manure and used on a clover
sod to be plowed under practical ex¬
perience on many western and southern
farms shows that in some way the plants
make use of the ground rock. Without
question the use of. this rock has in¬
creased in. the West, but we would not
advise its use except where there is an
abundance of manure and where clover
and grain are the chief crops.
NEW PEACHES AND PLUMS IN PENN¬
SYLVANIA.
From my experience Mayflower is about
all that is claimed for it. Greensboro is
another reliable sort. Ileiley or Early Belle
is all that J. II. Hale claims for it ; most
profitable sort for Pennsylvania peach reg¬
ions, except Carman and Elberta, it ranks
third in the list. Family Favorite is ripe
after Greensboro, and before it Ileiley and
Carman, and fills in a gap in the markets.
Arkansas Beauty is a fine early semi-cling,
yet it is ripe at time Georgia crop is get¬
ting in cities. Belle of Georgia is another
valuable sort, large size, a white Elb.erta.
Carman is an excellent sort to plant out,
and if the writer could only set one peach
for market and family use, it would be Car¬
man, hut Elberta for large shipping sort
outranks Carman. The writer has tried out
partially 37 newer sorts of peaches here on
Blue Ridge, Pennsylvania, such as Cham¬
pion, Delaware, Klondike, Edgemont Beauty,
Bequets Free, Iron Mountain, Miss Dolo,
Niagara, Capt. Ede, Mamie Ross. No one
will make a mistake in planting out the new
kinds to discard Slappy, Matthews Beauty,
Emma, Globe, Wonderful, Engle Mammoth,
Dewey, Victor, Sneed, Yellow St. John and
Peatland, either shy, subject to rot, run
small in size, or too tender for northern
climate. The best frost resistors are Car¬
man, Hieley, Belle of Georgia, Mountain
Rose, Wager and Crosby, Champion, Dela¬
ware, Capt. Ede, Oldmixon, Waddell, Sal-
way and Smock are all fairly resistant to
frosts in bloom. A new man need not fear
to plant Fox Seedling, Niagara, Iron Moun¬
tain, Chairs Choice, Bokhara No. 3. Early
Wheeler is far ahead of Alexander, Dewey
and Waterloo. Ray is similar to Carman.
Peach sorts of North China origin appear
better resisters to frost and yellows. Craw¬
ford type least resistant. A fruit man
learns how to grow best sorts just about
the time he has to die. As for Japan
plums, Red June heads the list, Abundance
close second, Shiro and America good hy¬
brids and will pay to plant. Gold a good
canner, Gonzales hardy and fine to eat out
of hand. Burbank must be sprayed while
in leaf with self-boiled lime, eight pounds
to eight pounds sulphur, and 80 gallons
water. f. l. Hancock.
Snyder Co., Pa.
When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
Better Buggies
At Lower Prices
whole thing; better buggies. A
mt_,0~ACC0Un*:'! Is dear at any price.
Ihink of quality; then price. Many buggy
manufacturers are making cheap-grade ve¬
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with cheap general mail-order houses.
Phelps, the Individual made-to-order buggy
maker, stands for quality first, always. His
price is low because he gives you, the buyer,
the benefit of the middlemen’s profits by
selling direct from his big factory.
Split Hickory
Vehicles
aro the highest grade made, sold direct at
the lowest price possible, meaning a saving
of from $25 to $75 to you, according to the
vehicle you buy. On 30 days’ free road test-
two years’ guarantee.
Split Hickory means highest grade, sec¬
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(not sawed) giving more strength, more
safety, longer life.
Big Buggy Book Free
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ho ever pot but. 125 styles to cluuise from. More
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dealers’ stores. Beautiful book, full of bip photo¬
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bupples that Pli ‘
pples that Phelps makes strong points In Split
Hickory, Full line of harness, too.
Pon’tyou wantthls book!
Pholps wants to mail it to
you free. He pays postago.
It’s worth while to get it
no matter where you buy.
H. C. Phelps, President
The Ohio Carriage
Mfg. Company
Station 290,
Columbus, O.
Largest Factory
in the World sett¬
ing Vehicles Di¬
rect to Consumer.
^37
A Roofing that Prevents Fire
is what railroads select. Property worth
many thousands of dollars depends upon
it That is why the Chicago & West¬
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KlCDITKierT* Paroid
librUNaCFI Roofing
Endorsed by The National Board of Fire Underwriter*
Think what such protection against
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Write for onr Book of Plans and full de¬
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for different types of buildings.
F. W. BIRD & SON, Est. 1795
Originators of Complete Ready Roofings and IP ater proof
Building Papers.
12B Neoonset Street East Walpole, Mass.
now rorle Chicago Washington Portland, Ore. Son Franoisoo
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173®, Central Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio
Grow More Dollars
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by making each acre yield its utmost. There is no difficulty about
selling the largest crops that can be raised, for the food products
of this country are not keeping pace with the increasing population,
and soon the American people will have to depend in large part on
the farmers of foreign nations, unless the American farmers rise to
their opportunity.
The yield per acre of the average American farm is much less
than on foreign farms. The remedy for the American farmer
plainly lies in increasing his production, and, of course, his profits.
It can be done, for it is chiefly a matter of fertility ; and the best
part of it is that the more fertilizer used the easier it is to pay for
it. The extra crops take care of that, only be sure to use the
right fertilizer .
We have the right fertilizer, the right service, and the right price. Fifty years
of experience, the largest and best facilities guarantee full value for every dollar
invested in our brands. Write today for copy of “ PLANT FOOD ”, It will help
increase your harvests and your profits. Not a word of advertising in it, but sent
without cost for the asking.
AGENTS WANTED in unoccupied territory. Liberal terms and goods that sell. It
pays to sell our fertilizers as well as to use them. Ask for agency proposition.
The American Agricultural Chemical Co.,
92 State St.,
Boston.
2 Rector St. ,
New York
P. 0. Drawer 970,
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238
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
February 25,
Hope Farm Notes
FLORIDA NOTES. No. 3.
If you want to see a man who is full
master of the situation go and look at a
Florida man who has a “Jersey” to sell,
lie gets the entire consumer's dollar and
then tells what the dollar shall contain.
The orange grower takes some 30 cents
of the final dollar and accepts it as an act
of Providence. Certainly he cannot change
it. The man with the cow tilts his cigar
at a sharp angle, turns a cold eye when you
criticize the cow and merely says you don’t
have to buy her if you don’t want to.
Uncle Ed performed a financial miracle and
got him down $5, but that was the limit. I
paid for the cow. She was mine.
It is one thing to have legal possession
of a cow, and quite another to get her home.
In this case the cow had never been taught
to lead, and home was nearly seven miles
away through the woods. A gentle rain
had begun. The sunshine is Florida’s chief
asset, and when that is shut off with no
aid from the moon it is a forlorn country.
There we were late in the afternoon, with
darkness rapidly coming and a cow firmly
attached to her friends and home. We got
a rope around her horns, and Uncle Ed
started in to show how to do it by getting
behind the cow with the rope in one band
and a switch in the other. They went
round and round in a circle. Finally when
the cow saw that we meant business she
raised on her hind legs and struck out with
her front feet like a prize lighter — and as
I have seen horses fight. She struck, but
had no aim. There was no “Jersey” about
that. Everything she ever got from her
gentle Island ancestors was forgotten when
it came to a fight for home. Somewhere
back in the woods in a lonely jungle one
of that cow’s ancestors had fought some
wild animal in defense of her calf. Like
a flash my would-be milk producer forgot
all the years of civilization, and was back
with the spirit of the old woods cow fight¬
ing for freedom. I confess that I watched
her with something of admiration — though
Uncle Ed did not share it as he dodged
those hoofs. It doesn’t take so much to
send any warm blood inside of a living skin
back to the barbarism of old ancestors.
Now, no doubt some of you expert cow
men will tell how you would have driven
that cow home. I am telling how we got
her there with a wet night falling and seven
miles of Florida sand and swamp ahead of
us. I got that rope around her horns firmly
and snubbed her up reasonably close to the
hind axle. Then 1 told Uncle Ed to drive
on and I walked behind. That cow was
dead game. She fought back every step of
the way, and with her feet in the soft sand
she had a good purchase on old Frank. It
was slow progress. Night suddenly fell upon
us with pitch darkness. Uncle Ed and I
took turns escorting that cow. I feared
that in her plunges she would throw herself
or get her foot in the wheel.
We crawled slowly on with frequent stops
until, about a mile from home, the road
rose out of the swampy ground to a dry,
sandy ridge. It was my turn to walk, and
I was trudging behind ankle deep in the
sand, filled with cheerful thoughts in spite
of the darkness and wet. For, had we not
found a cow? Here was the foundation of
the Southern Hope Farm herd of grade Jer¬
seys which would demonstrate great things
for the dairy business. It is a good thing
to have a cheerful imagination as you travel
in the dark, but mine was rudely shocked
when I ran directly into that cow. She
had finally broken the rope and stood stock
still in the road, obstinately refusing to
step another foot. I got her by the horn,
but running away was the last thing she
dreamed of. Frank had gone off somewhere
in the darkness and Uncle Ed with him.
That cow was simply tired out, and abso¬
lutely refused to take another step. You
might have run over her with a railroad
train, but in her present frame of mind it
would have been that much worse for the
train. The horse was tired, for 800 pounds
of Florida cow with her feet braced in the
soft sand represents a ton of dead pull. In
the utter darkness I could not tell whether
either of them had been hurt. So Uncle
Ed took the horse and -went home for a
lantern and help, while I stayed with the
cow.
It is not likely that one per cent of you
good people will ever find yourself in a
Florida wilderness on a dark, drizzly night
with a weary cow. If you ever do you
would probably disregard any rules of con¬
duct I might lay down. Dark? The black¬
ness was so thick you could cut cakes of it
and have a deeper darkness come in to fill
lh the place. With a match I might pos¬
sibly have started a fire, but I had no way
of striking a light. We had passed some
half-mile back a little house in which lives
a colored preacher. I would gladly have
listened to a sermon from him on “Let there
be light,” but even his kerosene lamp had
gone out. All I knew was that the road
ran north and south, so that off far away
as I faced was the Atlantic Ocean and at
my back the Gulf of Mexico. If it is
possible that you will have to sit up with a
cow or anyone else under such circumstances
I advise you to lay in a good stock of poetry
and cheerful thoughts. They will come in
very handy. My thoughts would not be in¬
teresting. Nothing happened. I doubt if
there was a man to do me harm within
20 miles. I could have dropped my pocket-
book in the sand and come back next day
to find it safe. The cow was certainly no
society. Now and then she shook her head
and rattled her bell, but for the most part
she stood with those feet still braced. As
for ghosts — nothing could have suited me
better than to have some Indian or some
mailed old Spaniard step out of the brush
and talk about his brief day. Uncle Ed
made good time. In less than an hour I
saw two lights bobbing up the road. I
rattled the cowbell and the boys swung
their lanterns. This is no story of a thril¬
ling rescue from danger. There was no
danger. Charlie and the three larger boys
ran up to find the cheerful Hope Farm
man still holding his obstinate cow. Charlie
carried an armful of crab grass hay. I
felt that cow’s muscles relax when she saw
it, and finally she stretched out her neck
and took a mouthful. We finally got her
going with one boy walking ahead with the
hay under his arm, and something before 9
o’clock we turned her into her pen and went
in to supper. Did supper taste good? Did
mother and the children look natural? Did
the open fire roar and snap properly? Well,
sir, some things in Florida do seem to stand
on their heads as compared with the way
we have them, but one sentiment is univer¬
sal all the world over, “There’s no place
like home!”
Of course no one expected that cow to
give much milk that night. She didn’t —
nor the next morning either. However, our
folks waited in patience for the cow to
“come back” to her gallon and a half. The
children were more concerned in the fact
that Uncle Ed had forgotten what her name
was ! For two days she acted like a caged
wild creature, barely touching food and
with eyes wild and protruding. I stayed
by her as best I could with hay and wheat
bran, and at last she began to eat. Mother
will scarcely enter a contest as angel of
patience, and when I came in the third
night with less than a quart she felt it time
to express her feelings.
“I did not want a cow — I wanted milk.”
Of course I could bring witnesses to prove
her exact words if need be, but in spirit,
at least, she was right. The next morning
when I got hold of that cow I felt somehow
that the great moment had arrived. I know
now how the handlers of the Guernsey cow
“Missy of the Glen” felt when she poured
out that nine per cent milk, but I felt that
I was close to vindication, and I was, for
I know that I had five quarts or more in
that pail. Unfortunately before 1 could get
anybody there to see it that cow played
what I call a double performance. I was
working for the “last wrung drop” when
suddenly she swung about, hit me in the
ribs with her horn, and at the same time
hit the pail with her foot. Her milk came
from Jersey, but that double action came
out of the woods, and as that milk rolled
down my legs I knew that legal evidence of
my great test was gone. I got out of that
cow’s stall as rapidly as possible, for a
man with such an army of children as I
have must be careful to uphold the truth
of the text concerning the gentleman who
“taketh a city.” They were waiting to see
me measure the milk, but a little over three
quarts was all I could squeeze out ! There
was no further evidence except my wet
clothes, and while our folks politely re¬
mained silent they wanted to see the milk.
So 1 know how people figure “two-gallon
cows” when they have an animal for sale.
You have the milk, guess at it, the cow
kicks the pail and you multiply the guess.
It is just like the fish that gets away after
you hook him. He is naturally the biggest
one of the lot.
I cannot get my five quarts at one milk¬
ing on the x-ecords even with an injunction
or a Florida justice of the peace to help. It
was clearly evident to all that actual milk
was the only evidence which would satisfy.
Mr. Taylor, the owner of those Guernsey
cows, has my sympathy, but if my humble
experience is worth anything he is welcome
to it. No one will believe that my cow
filled that pail until I make her “come
back” and do it again. The moisture on
my clothes might be milk, but milk in the
pail is what counts. I got that cow up to
nearly six quarts a day, but I could not re¬
peat that one “milking” unless I put water
an the pail or only half milked the cow at
night. Hereafter when a man sells me a
“two-gallon” cow he’s got to get the eight
quarts into a pail before me and let me do
the measuring. In a much larger way the
public has the same right to a “come back”
with those Guernsey cows. And now with
the cow provided let us see what else Floi’-
ida can do. H. w. c.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee
Lessen Your Labor
/by using the k
self-operating— up-to-date ^
ASPINWALL
Potato Planter No. 3
Work accurate- Adjustment simple. Mechanical
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One person operates it.
Protect your crop with ASPINWALL SPRAYER.
Orchard and Broadcast attachments furnished
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Write for catalog, also our new booklet, “The
Potato.” It contains information every farmer
should have.
Aspinwall Manufacturing Co.
437 Sabin Street Jackson, Mich., U. S. A.
World's oldest and largest makers of Potato Machinery
Set Your Plants Better
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Waters the roots,
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Write to-day for Free Book No. 49 on Transplanting
THE WM. FETZER CO., Springfield, I1L
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Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
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Dept. t Clevelaxd, Q.
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I
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G. W. KOINER, Commissioner of Agriculture, Richmond, Va.
ORNAMENTAL FENCE. Cheaper andl
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FENCE CO„ Box 945 Decatur. Ind. I
FENCE
Strongest
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Box 233 Winchester, Indiana.
Heavy Fence
For Economy
W OVEN-WIRE FENCES must be heavy as
they have to turn animals by sheer strength
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AMERICAN
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is a thoroughly galvanized square mesh fence of
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FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver San Francisco
Send for copy of “ American Fence News” profusely illustrated , devoted to the interests
o* farmers and showing how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm,
furnished free upon application.
1911.
THE RURAL, NKW-YORKER
239
Ruralisms
DAHLIAS IN JANUARY.
It is not every Dahlia lover who has
had the pleasure of seeing his Dahlias
bloom right in the heart of Winter — at
least, in these United States of America.
Up to the middle of December I had a
few blooms from several varieties ; to¬
ward Christmas I had a single plant of
a German cactus Dahlia that had three
or four blossoms, but somehow it was
just a little bit within the frost zone,
and the blossoms were nipped by Christ¬
mas Day. But now in the middle of
January I find a plant of Dahlia Flora-
dora resplendent with several fair-sized
blooms, and it is in an unsheltered loca¬
tion. I suppose the reason this plant is
flowering so far out of season is be¬
cause of the out-of-the-ordinary culture
it received — perhaps it would be well
for me to state that it had no culture
at all. This is the treatment this par¬
ticular plant had : In digging my sev¬
eral hundred Dahlia tubers from one
of the plots where I had grown them
during 1900, I only lifted a few of the
variety named, as I did not intend to
continue growing many of this variety
in the future, owing to the small size
of its blossoms. Of those lifted I
allowed a couple to remain in the field
just as they came out of the ground;
that is, they had some earth about the
roots. These clumps of tubers remained
all through the year — the cold and rain
of Winter, and the scorching hot days
of Summer — right out in the open. They
would have surely withered up and en¬
tirely lost vitality if it were not for the
earth that was about them, and their
contact below with Mother Earth. So,
when the first rains of the new season
came along in October the plants again
started into life; their growth was
necessarily stunted. No attention was
paid them until I saw the bright red
blossoms out in the garden yesterday.
The color was not that of the well
known Floradora; it was of a pretty
light red, and was very attractive, show¬
ing that the season made a difference in
the coloring of the bloom. The flower,
too, could be called a semi-double, as
it was not near as full as the flower is
under usual culture. The discovery has
given me an idea : Why not grow Win¬
ter Dahlias? During the Summer and
Fall it is almost an impossibility to
dispose of Dahlia flowers in the florists’
shops in Oakland or San Francisco;
why this is so is hard to tell, unless
it is that the people have not been edu¬
cated up to a taste for them. But
when other flowers may be scarce, say
in Winter, I dare say these flowers
would sell well. Therefore, why not
try (o grow Dahlias for the Winter cut-
flower trade? There are many sheltered
situations in and around the cities
named where they can be grown in the
open the Winter through, and I am
sure by holding the tubers out of the
earth until the late Fall they will come
into bloom in Winter, as did the one
noted. When necessary some protection
may be provided. w. A. pryal.
California.
ST AMIN ATE STRAWBERRY FLOWERS.
II. D. O., Stamford, Conn. — Can you in¬
form me as to whether seedling straw¬
berries occur with purely staminate blos¬
soms? We have of course pistillate and
perfect flowers, therefore there ought to
be staminate plants. Such plants would
have no commercial value of course, but
they are of some scientific interest.
Ans. — The tendency of the modern
cultivated strawberry is toward the sup¬
pression of stamens, rather than to their
excessive development. Seedlings of
current garden and commercial varieties,
whether cross-bred or self-pollinated,
usually show a high percentage of purely
pistillate blooms, but it is rare indeed
■to find one exclusively staminate. The
writer has grown many thousands of
strawberry seedlings, but never encoun¬
tered among them purely staminate
blossoms. Such a plant would have
limited interest even for botanists, who
are rarely concerned about cultural mon¬
strosities, and would possess practically
no horticultural value, as there are
enough perfect or bi-sexual varieties to
furnish pollen for the pistillates if
planted in proper proportion to the lat¬
ter. Male strawberry plants were not
unknown to the older growers, and the
blooms were occasionally figured in early
treatises on the strawberry, but they are
certainly rare now among American cul¬
tivated strains. The strawberry species
from which our present popular varieties
are derived, Fragaria Chiloensis, F. Vir-
giniana and F. vesca, all have normally
perfect or bi-sexual flowers. The Euro¬
pean Hautbois strawberry Fragaria
moschata, however, is markedly dioe¬
cious, often bearing exclusively stamin¬
ate and pistillate blooms on separate
plants. As Hautbois varieties were for¬
merly cultivated to some extent in this
country they may be locally naturalized
and occasional purely staminate plants
be found. Such specimens as above
noted could not be considered of par¬
ticular interest. w. v. F.
ELDORADO BLACKBERRY.
On page 39 I see some notes on blackber¬
ries which in the main may be correct, but I
am constrained to offer a correction so far
as the Eldorado is concerned. Your cor¬
respondent says: “It has failed to make
good throughout the Central States, that
it lacks productiveness and it is not high
flavored, and a deficient grower.” I will
say that the Eldorado did originate in
Ohio, as he says he believes it did. I
bought the original 650 plants from the
originator in Preble Co., Ohio, and named
it after the village near its place of
origin, Eldorado. As to its making good
in these Central States, the testimony of
such authority as leading growers, and
the experiment stations placing it as stand¬
ing at the head for hardiness, productive¬
ness and high quality, we think is suffi¬
cient when it has stood the test now for
some 17 years, and the demand for plants
is always in excess of the supply. Its
scarcity has led some unprincipled deal¬
ers to send out plants not true to name,
and from the description given by Mr.
Johnson, I have very grave doubts as to
whether he has genuine Eldorado.
Darke Co., O. e. m. bueciily.
A Square Deal
Shoe for
Farmers
Here is the
most durable
work shoe that has ever been put to¬
gether, sold at the most reasonable
price and under the strongest guar¬
antee that can be. given a shoe.
We make this positive assertion
because we know there is not another
shoe of its kind made today that com¬
bines such stout leather and honest
making.
For vamps and uppers we use such
leathers as old-fashioned French Kip,
oil-tanned moose hide and saddle
pieces of calf. They are soft and pli¬
able to the touch and wear like iron.
The soles, outside and insole, are
of firstquality.hemlock-tanned steer’s
hide firmly fastened with brass stand¬
ard screws or maple pegs. This is the
old-fashioned shoe bottom that has
never been equalled for wear.
The
Haskin-Granger
Shoe
is strictly a work shoe. We do not
attempt style. We have cornered
comfort and durability. We own and
operate our own factory. We have
spared no expense or effort to make
the most serviceable, wear -proof,
water-proof shoe that can be made by
skilled hands from perfect materials.
We are selling the Haskin-Granger
shoe direct to the farmer, dividing
with him the middleman’s profit.
We sell on the guarantee of complete
satisfaction. All we specify
is ordinary care.
Write Dept. A for illus¬
trations of leading styles
and complete descriptions.
For our reliability we
refer to the Citizen’s Trust
Co., Utica, N. Y., or any
bank in Utica.
The Haskin Shoe
Mfg. Company
Stittville
New York
Sure and Sudden
Death to All Insect Pests
when you spray with the stick-longest, kill-quickest, safest
and most economical of all insecticides —
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead
(in Powdered Form)
It is the only dry Arsenate of Lead in an amorphous (non-crystalline) form, hence
the only one that mixes instantly with water in such a finely divided state that every
drop of spray is equally strong in arsenic. It cannot be washed off by rain. Is death
to insects months after application, yet it is harmless to the newest, tenderest foliage.
Electro is guaranteed to contain 33% arsenic oxide, or 50% more than other brands,
as proved by Connecticut and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station
tests. Write us for them.
If your dealer can’t supply Electro, don’t accept substitutes, but send to
us for'prices and proofs from successful fruit growers. We’ll supply
Electro in paste form if you prefer it. Use Electro Lime
Sulphur for San Jose scale and sucking insects.
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL CO.
32 Church Street, New York
The Best Spray Pump
Sprays the tallest fruit trees from the ground.
Special nozzle for grape vines, shrubs, etc.
Sprays quickest and best. Does the work in
half the time and does it thoroughly. Always
ready. Used with bucket, barrel or tank.
Lasts a lifetime. No leathers to dry up, wear
out, or make trouble.
Standard Spray Pump
Warranted for 5 Years. Price $4.00.
It will not cost you a cent to try it. Our
special offer gives complete details. Write
for it today and we will also send our illus¬
trated circular showing how this pump pays
for itself many times over the first season.
The Standard Stamping Co.
94 Main Street Marysville. O.
GET THE BEST
A Good Spray Pump earns
big profits and lasts for years.
THE ECLIPSE
is a good pump. As
practical fruit grow-
\ ers we were using common
s sprayers in our own orchards
: — found their defects and
| invented the Eclipse. Its
’ success forced us to manu¬
facturing on a larp 3 scaie.
You take no chances. We
have done all the experi¬
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog
and Treatise on spraying FREE.
MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor. Mich.
1911 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS
IO Years of Success
FRIEND FRUIT GROWER : Uncle Sam says
you must spray. Users of the Deyo are relieved
from experimenting. After ten years of service the
Deyo is still giving perfect satisfaction. Our cus¬
tomers are our reference, ask the user. We sell
direct to yon. Deyo pays all freights to Missis¬
sippi River shipping points. Write for catalogue 19.
DEYO-MACEY ENGINE CO., Binghamton, N. Y.
“ONE FOR ALL,” No. I
> _
OtATM TO INSECTS * FUNOI
Barrels. 425 lb. _ _ __ 05e. per Ib’i
% Bbls.,200 lbs..,__ | e< m
t00 ..m ,1, ■ ■ r. Or, —
50 lbs ............ — *1
25 lb. . . r||| „ ,, rta ^
r O. B. NEW YORK
Wool Create, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphui)
Combined. A Contact and Poison Spray.
Aft Insecticide & Fungicide.
Only Thing Needed for all Pests or i Fungus,
WRITE FOR BOOKLET./
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
E.ubli.hod 1882
jBL Front Streets (New York
Pure Canada Unleached Hardwood Ashes
“THE JOYNT BRAND”
“THE BEST BY TEST”
Now is the time to order your fertilizer for this
season. There is none Better for all crops than
pure wood ashes. My ashes are all collected from
house to house where wood is used for fuel.
Write for Prices Delivered at your station.
Address: JOIIIM JOYNT
Lucknow, Out. Canada
Reference : Itrndstrcets Agency or Molsons Rank, Luoknow
SPRAY fW’
IT
the N.Y. State Fruit Growers Aaa’n
PAY YOU TO USE EITHER.
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS ahoAGENTS WANTEO
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE ano MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
ii — m use
aiiiirprT
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
11 BAYVIEW AV E..JERSEY CITY. N.J.
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND
IS THE CHEAPEST AND BEST. IT HAS NO SUPERIOR.
SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE.
Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money
Spraying Compound ready to mix with water. One
gallon of Spraying compound will make from sixteen to
twenty gallons of spray.
Terms: — In bbl. lots (50 gal.) 30c. per gal.
We would refer you to J. H. Hale, the Peach King, or
Prof. Jarvis of the Connecticut Agricultural College.
They will tell you there is nothing better.
THE J. T. KOBERTSON CO., BOX R, MANCHESTER, CONN.
TO KILL
San Jose Scale
TJSK
Bergenport Brand Sublimed
Flowers of Sulohur
The best form of sulphur for LI me Sulphur Wash,
Combines easily and quickly with lime. Write to
BEKGESPORT SULPHUR WORKS
T. & S. C. White Co., lOO William St., N. Y.
You Can Depend on These Sprayers
Don’t waste your money on uncertain sprayers the
kind that are often out of order. The
largest fruit growers use the “ H ardie”
because it’s a sprayer with the
trouble left out.
This Hardie No.
2 1’owerSprayer
has 150 gal .tank,
all brass pump,
11 h. p. engine.
Weight750lhs.
Trice $180.00.
The
Hardie Sprayers
are made in 25 different sizes and
styles ; prices *3.50 to $350. Our cat¬
alogue describes these sprayers,
and shows you the best way to
spray. It’s free. 8end for a copy.
THE HARDIE MFG. CO.
942 Mechanic St., Hudson, Mich,
also 49 No. Front St. , Portland, Ore,
Band Outfit
SPRAY
fruits and
FIELD CROPS
f and do whitewaahing in moat effectual, economical,
rapid way. Batiifaotion guaranteed. BROWN’S
/ POWER8 Auto-Sprays
No. 1, shown here. Is fitted with Auto-Pop Nwzlo-
I W°*ko?fA? °rdin*r7 sprayora. Endorsed by Ex-
[ periment Stations and 30o,W0 others. 40 stylw and
I f!SB . hv*Dd and. P°wer eprayers— also prices
’ spraying guide ia our Free Book.
Write postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
2 8 Jay 8t, .Rochester, N. Y.
“KANT-KLOG”
SPRAYERS
Something New
Spraying
Cuid. free
Gets twice the results —
with same laborand fluid, c-ss3-'” 1
Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays
from same nozzle. Ten styles. For
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing,
etc. Agents Wanted. Booklet Free.
Rochester Spray Pump Co.
HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS
.Soon save their cost Make every wagon a iprlnyyx
Iiragon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.,
■ bring more money. Ask for special proposition.
| Haney Spring to., 71«- 17th St., Kaetae, Ml».
GUARANTEED
240
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
February 25.
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
PabUtbed weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, New York,
Herbert W. Oollingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6a., or 8*2 marks, or 10 'c francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates GO cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for tinn
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cr.sh irust accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in ourcolumns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us v, ithin one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned Thl Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
There is to be a rush into the hog business. The
high price of pork and the scarcity of labor combine
to make the hog a good farm partner. We have had
hundreds of questions about suitable pastures for
hogs which may be started this Spring. The facts
will be given next week. Do not expect to make pork
without feeding some grain and without giving the
hog a fair chance. Do not turn the young orchard
into a hog pasture. It is 10 to one you will regret it
it you do. »
*
Mention has been made of a law in New York
State which would give protection to lime buyers by
compelling manufacturers to give a guaranteed analy¬
sis. Now we have the following:
They have found a joker in this bill, as in many others
that are at first supposed to be valuable. That is this
law only applies to limes that sell for more than $5 per
ton. As we have just ordered our lime, which is branded
98 per cent c. o., for $5 f. o. b., this wonderful piece of
legislation promises to be of but little value, except to
make immune a class of people who want to put an in¬
ferior article on the market. w. H.
They do this better in Rhode Island, where every
sample of lime, no matter what the price, must be
guaranteed.
On page 238 the Hope Farm man extends sym¬
pathy and advice to Mr. Taylor, the owner of those
Guernsey cows. That Florida cow put the milk in
the pail, but the family will accept it as a fact— when
they see the milk. When the fisherman loses the big
fish off his hook— let him go and catch another. When
a horse trots in two minutes and the watches dis¬
agree — let him go over the course again. There is
no corroborative evidence equal to “coming back.”
Clearly, that is the task for these Guernsey cows to
tackle. They cannot be expected to have great value
as breeding animals so long as they cannot stand un¬
challenged at their supreme test without help from
the Supreme Court. Mr. Taylor must, of course, see
that, and it is clearly his duty to give another test.
*
Yon often mention favorably our Oregon system of
government. If you progressive Eastern people can see
good in it as it is iun to-day, it must certainly be good.
All the old-time politicians, ringleaders, bosses, liquor in¬
terests and strongest political papers of our State are
united in an effort to down the new rule of things. And
the people are so determined to sit down on these political
grafters that they have been taken in sometimes by in¬
competent, shiftless or don’t-care men who have made
their campaign on the new form of government against
the old ring leaders whom the people never fail to hit
when given the chance, preferring to trust the government
to such men rather than vote for a better man who has
joined the old guard. Time will, I believe, right this, and
If the old guard continues to take water like they have
lately, it will not be very long before they will give up
the struggle. You know a lazy man will fight hard when
he realizes that he has got to go to work.
Oregon. chas. h. days.
If we were to believe the politicians and “influential
papers” we should conclude that the Oregon idea of
direct primaries and rule of the plain people was a
miserable failure. We do not believe them, but get
our information from farmers like Mr. Hays. We
have read big, elaborate volumes on political reforms
which contained less truth and human nature than this
short note. When the common people are earnestly
feeling their way along in an experiment in self-gov¬
ernment how the politicians do like to point at them
with scorn and ridicule! It will work out right. The
thing to do first is to kill off every politician who is
identified with the old system. Far better make some
mistake in selecting inferior men at first rather than
give a single inch to the methods of the old gang.
Keep this up and time will bring things right. Oh, for
such a system in New York State, where our people
could smash the bosses and the crooks until they
looked like the San Jose scale under a coat of lime-
sulphur ! On the whole the present struggle of cor¬
poration lawyers and politicians at Albany is a good
thing. It shows people what they must stand for
under- the present system of indirect nominations.
With the Oregon plan such a condition would be im¬
possible.
*
CANADIAN “ RECIPROCITY.”
No. z.
Who demands reciprocity with Canada, and who
will benefit by it? In Canada the powerful demand
comes from the Western Provinces. A few weeks
ago we told of “a petition in boots,” consisting of
1,000 or more farmers who came across the country
demanding various things of the government. These
Western Provinces are dominated by English emi¬
grants who demand free trade, and by Americans who
have gone from this country. These Western
Provinces are but loosely joined to Eastern Canada.
Whatever may be said of the old Provinces, those
western men could easily break away and apply for
annexation. The Canadian Government realizes this,
and also knows that her western country is to de¬
velop even more rapidly than our own Western States.
This is why that section, although at present inferior
in population, dominates Canadian political thought.
There is fierce opposition to reciprocity in Ontario.
Another “petition in boots” went to the Canadian capi¬
tal protesting against free trade in farm products.
This was larger even than the other — 1,500 gardeners
and fruit growers from Western Ontario. Those who
think all Canadians favor this measure should read
the following from The Weekly Fruit Grower:
We make this bold and broad assertion that up until
10 days ago every class of people in the Dominion of
Canada, whether farmer, fruit grower, vegetable grower,
manufacturer, artisan, railroad man, merchant, profes¬
sional man or day laborer, was in prosperous, happy, con¬
tented condition and there was absolutely and positively
no excuse for interfering with a sane, logical and practi¬
cal business tariff. The very fact that the negotiations
have been carried on and that the agreement has been
drafted but not ratified, has done Canada untold harm.
In this country the scheme is favored generally by
two classes. The consumers in city and town believe
or profess to believe that free trade in Canadian food
products will greatly cheapen the cost of living. They
will be disappointed, for the food supply is controlled
by corporations who transport or handle goods, and
who will use the scare of “free trade” to cut down
prices to farmers, while holding up prices to con¬
sumers. For example, an argument in favor of free
hides was the statement that in consequence shoes
would be cheaper. Has anyone found them so? The
greatest demand for “reciprocity,” however, comes
from the great body of citizens who feel that our
tariff laws are unjust and against the interests of the'
common people. Such citizens see in this measure a
chance to strike a hard blow at the tariff system. Free
trade with Canada will be an entering wedge, and the
people who favor it expect to hammer upon that
wedge until the system is split in two. The opposi¬
tion comes from farmers in the Eastern States and
along the border, who see in this “reciprocity” a
death blow to the only direct benefit they ever re¬
ceived from “protection.” As we pointed out last
week, these farmers are mainly responsible for the
high tariffs, and have kept them in force even against
their own interests. Now that their farms give promise
of increased value and fair profit, they find them¬
selves abandoned by the very “interests” they have
nourished and made strong. We want our people to
think this all out and understand it clearly, for the
consequences of this legislation will have a tremendous
bearing upon the future of this country. We will next
show just what “reciprocity” means and something
of its political effect.
*
What is the agricultural law regulating the sale of
dairy butter? The oleo agents are telling the dealers
that they are liable to a heavy fine for selling dairy
butter with an excess of moisture in it; in fact they are
being fined all over the State, and the 'agents who handle
dairy butter are agreeing with them, but say that all
their butter is tested and will stand back of all butter
sold by them. The result is that the small dealers are
afraid to buy from the dairyman. A. G.
New York.
The law of New York has no standard for mois¬
ture. There have been no prosecutions. There is a
Federal law which states that butter must not “con¬
tain abnormal quantities of water, milk or cream.”
No definite statement of the amount of water per¬
mitted is made in this law, but the Internal Revenue
Commissioner holds that butter containing 16 per cent
or more of water is “abnormal,” and thus adulterated.
This “adulterated butter” is subject to a tax. These
oleo agents are trying to frighten dealers and butter
makers. It is safe to go ahead and make butter by
the customary and well-known process of skimming,
churning and working. It will stand the test of the
Federal Government. Do not be bluffed by the oleo
men.
*
That case of the seed drills in Ohio and the
sprayer case recently reported in The R. N.-Y. ought
to make farmers think before they sign contracts or
agreements. The lawyer for this drill company says
they worked for 20 years over that contract before
they got it right (for them). Many agents will offer
a contract which seems to read properly, yet which
turns out to be very unfair. It represents the work
of shrewd lawyers to build a compact woodpile around
a small but active colored gentleman ! One common
method is to ask a farmer to sign the printed contract
and then make verbal agreement that certain things
will be done. Some men will sign in that way, be-
lieving that a man’s word is as good as his bond.
They wake up to find that the court will hold them
to their signature and pay no attention to verbal
promises of an agent. Do not sign any contract unless
there is written into it just what the agent promises,
and see that it is written into the copy of the contract
which the agent takes.
*
In April or May thousands of acres now in some
“cover crop” will be plowed under. Rye, vetch, clover
and other plants have occupied the land during Fall
and Winter, and will start up in Spring. We put
them under to supply organic matter and nitrogen. In
doing this we should guard against two tilings. When
a mass of bulky green stuff is plowed under and not
packed down the soil is left in. bad shape. This open
mass just beneath the surface lets in the air, which
in a dry time would quickly dry the soil and injure
crops planted in it. Most of the injury claimed as
the result of plowing under rye is due to this cause.
Always pack such soil firmly after plowing with roller
or drag. Another trouble is caused by souring. When
green material full of sap is plowed loosely into warm
soil, fermentation starts and the soil becomes too
sour. A good dressing of burned lime put on after
plowing and well harrowed in will neutralize the acid,
but the thing to remember first is to pack such soil
firmly after plowing under green crops.
*
The next scheme for helping the good old farmer
is a brilliant one. The “tailings” of the Lake Su¬
perior copper mines are to be sold as a fertilizer. The
rock containing copper is taken from the mines, car¬
ried to the lake and crushed. The copper is taken out
and the “tailings,” or what is left, dumped into the
lake. This stuff contains about one per cent of potash
and .10 of one per cent of phosphoric acid. Practi¬
cally none of this is available, but if all of it were this
stuff would be worth about 90 cents a ton as we figure
plant food in fertilizers. It seems like an easy game
to charge $15 to $20 a ton for this stuff on the claim
that it is much like the soil in the deserts — which
when irrigated, gives good crops. Of course a crop
growing on that irrigated land has 1,300 tons of soil
in a one-foot depth on an acre to draw from, while
these promoters advise one ton per acre of their stuff.
At their own analysis 25 pounds of muriate of potash
and 10 pounds of acid phosphate would give more avail¬
able plant food than a ton of these “tailings.” A load
of “muck” out of a swamp, well dried and mixed with
lime, will give four times as much plant food. Yet
this stuff will no doubt be offered to farmers with
some extravagant story attached to it. What would
these “industries” do if the dear old farmer were not
here to take their tailings and their “guff” as a bal¬
anced ration?
BREVITIES.
It is getting close to the garden once more. Make it
give half of your living this year.
How many farmers keep things in such orderly shape
that they can find any tool in the dark?
The Hope Farm folks spent Lincoln’s Birthday making
root grafts and a hotbed for Prizetaker onion seedlings.
You will naturally see what a purebred bull has be¬
hind him in order to estimate what he probably has in
front of him.
Briefly stated ground limestone is better for light
soils not rich in humus, while burnt lime is better for
sour, heavy soils.
Kindly disposed? Not very! We allude to the parties
who buy Himalaya berries and undertake to raise them
on the strength of that glowing advertisement.
We regret to make record of the death of W. J.
Strickland, an old resident of Albion, N. Y. Mr. Strick¬
land had been a subscriber to The R. N.-Y. for 50 years
and was one of the “old guard” who remain staunch
friends of the paper through life and hand their esteem
on to their children.
1911.
'THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
241
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and youT get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
Genasco
the Trinidad-Lake- Asphalt Roofing
is the lasting roofing* for this reason :
Trinidad Lake Asphalt is nat¬
ural asphalt, full of life and vigor
that are put in and kept there by
the oily nature of this asphalt.
Genasco is made of this natural
asphalt, and has all its permanent
weather-resisting qualities which
keep it lastingly waterproof.
Roofings that you don’t know about
are risky. Their looks are apt to de¬
ceive you. Be on the safe side, and get
Genasco Roofings — mineral or smooth
surface. Fully guaranteed.
The Kant-leak Kleetinsures the perfect appli¬
cation of roofing — makesseams water-tight with¬
out smeary cement, and prevents leaks from
nail-holes. Ask your dealer for Genasco with
Rant-leak Kleets packed in the roll. Look for
the hemisnhere trademark. Write us for sam¬
ples and tlie Good Roof Guide Book.
The Barber Asphalt Paving Company
Largest producers of asphalt and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.
Philadelphia
New York San Francisco Chtcaoo
Learn All About The Kewanee System
—The No-Trouble Water System
You should learn how thousands of coun¬
try houses are having all city water supply
conveniences — and fine fire protection too.
Find out all about this water system which
enables you to have an abundance of run¬
ning water, always on tap and delivered
under strong pressure to your plumbing
fixtures and hydrants.
When you think of the Kewanee System,
remember it’s a no-trouble water system.
No exasperating, money and time losing
trips to town for repairs. Your plant will And Kewanee
start right out and give good service the quality pays _
first day — and will continue to do so every pays in the repair
day. Each plant built for the tenth year bills it saves and
of service, as well as the first year. The the better water
Kewanee is a high quality water system, service it assures,
through and through.
The Quality that Wears
vs.
Trouble and Repairs
No. 250 Kewanee System,
includinsr gasoline engine.
Other planta include hand,
electric, windmill and other
power pumping- outfits.
Kewanee Sys¬
tems are made in
many styles and
sizes. There’s a
Kewanee System
for every prob- . _ „ _
lem. We have a plant which was designed
for your requirements. Let us tell you
which one it is and what it will cost. Re¬
member we manufacture our own machin¬
ery — the only complete line of pumping
machinery built for air pressure service.
Remember too, that as the pioneers in this
The owner of this home, J. W. Fiero, of Cairo,
iv. r., enjoys the comforts of city life. He says:
1 he Kewanee System does all you claim for it.”
You cannot afford to take chances with
a cheap, make-shift water system, which is
sold for price only. In the long run it will w _ , . ...
be a very costly outfit; and can’t give the th.f P'°neers in this
best service anytime. “The quality that field; *’ve you pract, cal expert advice,
wears” and not “trouble and repairs,” is !!f a pwa"eeS*on'- Cm-u.the
what you get in the Kewanee System. andLkfc 47™
Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill.
2080 Hudson-Terminal Bldg., 50 Church St., New York— 1212 Marquette Bldg., Chicago.
Cross-section, Genasco Smooth-surface Roofing
III Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
l^tvL Ar7a Progressive Farmer
is the Ownership of a
DAVENPORT Roller -Bearing Steel Wagon
You know a fanner by the implements he uses. And the surest sign
of progressiveness is in the Davenport Roller-Bearing Steel Wagon.
Some day every farmer will own a Steel Wagon. But the far-sighted,
money-making farmer of today is using the Davenport now — is benefiting from its many advantages
now. He’s setting the pace— his neighbors will soon follow> but he’s getting the extra satisfaction now.
You
Know
About
This
wfsr'"
US
3^
You know how much easier it is to roll a log than it is to drag it. The ordinary wagon is little more than dragged in
compamon with the Davenport. That makes the wonderful difference in the draft. Think of your horses when you buy
7°™*^ waS°p- Remember also that Roller-Bearings mean more trips, easier trips, with fewer horses.
m,rLe PaLcnport °7ne5 the value of these features: The aU-steel construction which means lifetime service. The
°+f 6009 Pounds which assures safety under heavy loads. The gears of solid steel rolled into its
round2' fqrtpd SSflS*11?® X bLldP’ whioh oombmes lightness and strength. The wheels of steel, with strong,
. d spokes forged solidlymto the hubs and hot-riveted in the tires, which means that there’s nothing to dry apart,
shnnk, rot or work loose. The ROLLER-BEARINGS insure 30% to 50% lighter draft.
No tires to set; no breakdowns; no repairs and the automobile hub enables
him to oil without removing the wheels.
You should know what these advantages really mean to you now. Write us for full infor-
2? MS now^or notf W° be »leased t0 . wflSS&l
FOR
GUARANTEED FOR 12 TEARS
We Can Save You $50.00
on the Average Size Roof
A Few Quotations From the Bargains
in Our Latest Roofing Catalog:
Tarred Felt Roofing. Best quality.
108 square feet. 85-cent value. r*A
Per roll . DUC
Rubber Asphalt Roofing. The ordinary
kind. 108 square feet. $1-25 *7f\
value. Wt., 34 lbs. Per roll. I «/C
Flint Coated Rubber Roofing. 108
square feet. $1.65 value. Af
Weight, 50 lbs. Per roll. . . . «/DC
Corrugated Steel Roofing. 28-gauge.
Heavy, painted red. 100 d*-| Of
square feet. $2.50 value. . q)JL«O0
Best-of-all Roofing. 3^-pIy. 108
square feet. $3.50 value. on
Weight, 60 lbs. Per roll. . <pl«OU
Every Price in This Catalog is 25 to 50
Per Cent Below Regular Retail Prices.
If you want
any kind of
roofing, it is
to your in¬
terests to
wr ite for a
copy of this
free Roof¬
ing Catalog
and our
complete
layout of
samples be¬
fore placing
your order.
— We quote
1011 reduced prices which in many lines are
even lower than our prices for 1910. Simply
write and say : “Send me your free Roofing
Catalog No. 66R51 and complete set of sam¬
ples” and they will be mailed at once free
and postpaid.
SEARS.R0EBUCK.ai{?AGo
Davenport Wagon Company, Davenport, Iowa
Orchards [Pay Better Than Gold Mines When Fertilized With
GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER!
The Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture Offered a Prize for the Most Profitable Acre of Massachusetts
Orchards. This Contest Has Recently Closed, and the
FIRST PRIZE IS WON BY THE DREW-MUNSON FRUIT CO., of Littleton, Mass.
Their Prize Winning Acre of Baldwin Apples
GAVE THEM A TOTAL RETURN OF $715.70— THE NET PROFIT WAS $519.55
THIS ORCHARD WAS
GENUINE THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER
AT THE RATE OF 1000
FERTILIZED WITH llll/lTiritJ 1 lll/vJl 11/11 L, lUnULll POUNDS PER ACRE
The Following Letter From Barnes Brothers, the Famous Fruit Growers and Orchardists of Yalesville, Conn.,
Shows That Thomas Phosphate Powder Brings a Prize to Every User in the Form of a Profitable Crop •
The Coe-Mortimer Company,
Gentlemen :
In regard to Thomas Phosphate Powder, you will re¬
call that we bought of you last year 130 tons and we wish to
say that it gave us most excellent results. On our peach
orchard where we used it, the trees made a splendid growth
with heavy dark green foliage, the fruit was of excellent color,
Crop
and the keeping qualities were remarkable, which was a big
advantage, especially when we had over 150 cars to harvest
in about two weeks as we had this year.
IV e never saw better colored Baldwin Apples than those we
grew where we applied a good dressing of Thomas Phosphate
Powder. The best sold at retail for $9.00 per barrel.
\ours truly, Barnes Brothers.
THERE IS A TRUTH IN ALL THIS FOR YOU!
The whole story is told in The New England Homestead for January 7th, 1911. and in the New Edition
or our Booklet, Up-To-Date i ruit Growing,” which is sent free if you mention The Rural New-Yorker
THE COE-MORTIMER CO. IMPORTERS 24-26 Stone St., New York City
We also distribute from Boston, Mass.; Belfast, Maine; Baltimore, Md.: Philadelphia,
Pa.; Norfolk, \ a.; t\ ilmington, N. C.; Savannah, Ga. and Charleston, S. C.
242
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
February 25.
I*
Wonsan and the Home
From Day to Day.
NOX NOCTI INDICAT SCIENTIAM.
When I survey the bright
Celestial sphere ;
So rich with jewels hung that night
Doth like an Ethiop bride appear ;
My soul her wings doth spread
And heaven-ward flies,
The Almighty’s mysteries to read
In the large volumes of the skies.
(For the bright firmament
Shoots forth no flame
So silent, but is eloquent
In speaking the Creator’s name.
No unregarded star
Contracts its light
Into so small a character
Removed far from our human sight,
But if we steadfast look,
We shall discern
In it as in some holy book
IIow man may heavenly knowledge learn.
It tells the Conqueror
That far-stretch’d power
Which his proud dangers traffic for,
Is but the triumph of an hour.
That from the farthest North
Some nation may
Yet undiscover’d issue forth,
And o’er his new-got conquest sway.
Some nation yet shut in
With hills of ice,
May be let out to scourge his sin,
Till they shall equal him in vice.
And then they likewise shall
Their ruin have ;
For as yourselves your Empires fall,
And every Kingdom hath a grave.
Thus those celestial fires,
Though seeming mute
The fallacy of our desires
And all the pride of life, confute.
For they have watch’d since first
The world had birth :
And found sin in itself accursed,
And nothing permanent on earth.
— W. Habington (1605-1645).
*
A dessert served at one of the New
York tea rooms is fresh gingerbread
with whipped cream. It is good spongy
gingerbread, warm from the oven, cut
into the usual squares, with stiff whipped
cream heaped upon it, and the combina¬
tion is delicious. It is worth trying on
the family.
*
Here is a standard recipe for molasses
pie, which is a favorite in many house¬
holds : Nine tablespoonfuls of Porto
Rico molasses, one tablespoonful of
melted butter, three tablespoonfuls of
vinegar, grated rind of one lemon, juice
of one lemon, two level tablespoonfuls
of flour, half a teaspoon ful of cinnamon,
one level teaspoon ful of nutmeg; mois¬
ten the flour with the vinegar and lemon
juice, then add the molasses, rind, spices
and butter, and pour into crust-lined
tin. Bake half an hour in a moderate
oven.
*
‘‘Sabbath Rest Farm” is the title on
a letter recently received from a Maine
reader. We like to see that. It sug¬
gests- a home of happiness and peace,
where old ideals of life and virtue are
cherished, and the letter showed us,
too, that progressive farming flourishes
side by side with principles of conduct
that the flippant and unthinking are too
ready to describe as old-fashioned. Stop
a moment to contrast two widely diver¬
gent types — the great capitalists repre¬
senting an enormous industry who were
shown to work thousands of employees
12 hours a day, seven days a week, and
the man who proclaims his belief in
Christendom’s rest day by calling his
home “Sabbath Rest Farm.” It would
not take us long to decide which type
of citizen we prefer.
*
At the recent Child Welfare Exhibit
in New York, Percival Chubb, principal
of the Ethical Culture Society’s high
school department, assailed the so-
called comic newspaper supplements as
Sunday invasions of vulgarity. We have
on several occasions stated our opin¬
ion of such publications, which we have
always considered debasing to a child’s
intelligence, even when the morals are
not directly degraded. Mr. Chubb re¬
marks of this class of reading matter
and illustrations :
It is, in almost cvei'y example of it, the
product of the newspaper vaudeville artist,
Wao has lost his sense of humor, his ethical
values, and his taste. It glorifies the smart
child, proficient in monkey tricks ; the
cheeky, disrespectful, and irreverent child,
wno “guys” his elders and betters; the
libertine child of silly, humoring parents.
Its so-called humor is the humor of dis¬
tortion, akin to that provided for the par¬
ents in those inane cartoons which serve
up daily and nightly in our yellow journals
the misshapen, apelike creatures of diseased
imagination.
It is strange that the forces of religion
in the church and the Sunday school have
not been active to repress this Sunday in¬
vasion of vulgarity. Is a child who has
feasted on this coarse food in any state of
mind to attend Sunday school or church?
Or is indulgence in the Sunday newspaper
habit, or, let us say, the comic-supplement
habit, calculated to induce the right kind
of reaction after the services of the Sunday
school and the church? But what can we
expect of the child if the parent is indif¬
ferent, and 'even sets an example? If he,
as his chief Sunday relaxation, gives him¬
self up to the enjoyment of the'average type
of swollen Sunday newspaper, with its ugly
mosaic of scandal and gossip and crime,
and its frequent indecent piquancy, what is
to be expected of the children?
*
Where one does not care for the all-
in-one sleeve and bodice a similar ap¬
pearance is given by using a shoulder-
band trimming running down into the
sleeve, thus giving a continuous line.
Many cotton gowns and blouses show
this trimming, sometimes a banding of
contrasting material, embroidery or lace.
In sheer material the shoulder is some¬
times formed of tiny tucks, which run
down on the sleeve, where they are set
in with beading or narrow lace. Eor
regular wear and laundering gored
skirts are much better in wash materials
than the circular models, which pull out
of shape in the tub and in ironing. The
gores give a wide range of choice, from
four to 11 gores, and if desired a band of
similar or contrasting material may be
used to trim at the foot, either plain
or irregular in shape. The four-gore
skirt with a flat box pleat forming a
panel at the back is very stylish and
becoming to a slim figure, but a large
woman looks better in a skirt with more
gores. It is noticeable that the one-
piece gowns show the high waist line
still. The linen skirts often show a
panel effect of trimming down one side
of the front gore, and small sailor col¬
lars, which were very popular this Win¬
ter, are a feature of linen coats. Quite
often a white linen suit has a black
satin sailor collar with a line of white
inside it, but of course the collar must
be removable, for convenience in laun¬
dering. For a simple Summer gown
nothing can be easier to make than a
one-piece model with kimono waist,
such as pattern No. 6914, and if cut
with a Dutch neck it is especially com¬
fortable for cool days. While many
housekeepers like some form of wrap¬
per for working or morning dress, we
think the one-piece dress quite as con¬
venient for most wearers, and much
prettier as a rule — perhaps because it is
more in line with present styles.
Difficulty with Chocolate Candies.
You recently published a recipe for mak¬
ing fondant. I have had good luck with
the fondant, but have trouble in dipping
in chocolate ; the chocolate seems to run.
Will you explain just what kind to use
and how to use? Do you use sugar with it
or something to thicken it? C. H.
When all is said, I confess that for
me nothing equals the plain bitter
chocolate melted and kept warm while
using. Most of the finer chocolates
nowadays are coated with the un¬
sweetened (bitter) dip. I cannot un¬
derstand why it should run enough to
make trouble if held for an instant to
drip. The following, is .my method when
plain bitter chocolate is not desired :
Melt an ounce of unsweetened choco¬
late (in dish setting in, or over hot
water) ; add to it two tablespoonfuls of
milk, two tablespoon fuls of sugar, one-
fourth teaspoonful of butter. Stir until
smooth and then dip the candy in the
usual way. If the “dip” becomes too stiff
add a few drops of sugar syrup and heat
again. When dipping in the clear, melted
chocolate one may use some of the pre¬
pared milk chocolates, which are much
less strongly flavored (bitter) and an¬
swer the purpose very well, though they
are not equal to the recipe given above.
A friend who uses the plain chocolate
dip says she always dips her candies
at least 48 hours before they are to be
eaten, and finds that much of the bit¬
terness of the chocolate disappears.
. EVA RYMAN-GAILEARD.
Removing Stains From Clothes.
I think if Mrs. D. A. P. will make a
suds in the boiler with her favorite soap
or washing powder, and a handful of
sal soda, put the clothes in and let them
boil well for a half-hour or so she will
find the stains from the black stocking
come out readily enough. If the water
gets very dark with dye it may be neces¬
sary to renew the suds to make them
look clear and white, but if the stocking
was one of the ordinary kind that we
generally get, the stains will surely come
out. I know this positively, for I had
the same thing happen once myself.
MRS. o. M.
In reply to Mrs. D. A. P.’s request
for help in removing stains, will say I
have had similar experience. If she will
use the following emulsion I am quite
sure her clothes will come out all right :
Cut one-half bar of good soap into small
pieces, put in a two-quart basin, and
add one quart soft water; boil till soap
is all dissolved. Take from the fire,
and while hot add one pint kerosene,
beat together thoroughly. Put the boiler
on the stove with two large pails of soft
water, bringing to a boil. Into this place
a few pieces, not too many, enough so
they can be stirred easily; bring them
to a boil and boil for half an hour,
stirring occasionally. When stains are
removed take out and rinse in warm
water, rinse thoroughly in two or three
waters, and blue slightly. Some ma¬
terials are more obstinate than others
about releasing stains ; for those use
oxalic acid, one tablespoonful to one
quart water (boiling water). Dip the
stained garment up and down in this
hot water, and rinse very thoroughly in
several waters, one piece at a time, as
it will not do to let the articles remain
long without rinsing, as this is an acid.
I have never failed with this. The kero¬
sene emulsion is perfectly harmless, in¬
juring no white goods, and is the best
laundry help I have ever used. The
second question I shall not attempt to
answer. j. A. M.
Time and work are worth
all they cost in making
dresses of
Simpson Eddystone
Black-and -White Prints
ASK FOR
The designs of these fine
cotton dress-goods are the
latest and most artistic. The
cloth is made of that long-
wearing old-fashioned qual¬
ity that has made these
calicoes the standard of the
United States since 1842.
Colors are light-proof, tub-
proof and perspiration-
proof.
Show this advertisement to your
dealer when you order, aad don’t
accept substitutes. If notin your
dealer’s stock write us his name
and address. We’ll help him
supply you.
The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philad’a
Founded 1842 by WfoSlmpsofl Si**
Rider Agents Wanted
In each town to ride an exhibit sample 2911 bicy.
cle. Write for special offer.
Finest Guaranteed
1911 Models ro
with Coaster- Brakes and Puncture-Proof tires.
1909 & 1910 Models
all of best makes.... w ■ V
; IOO Second - Hand Wheels
All makes and models,
good as new . tO %pCi
Great FACTORY CLEARING SALE
We Shirt on Approval without a
! cent deposit, pay the freight, and allow
J10 day's free trial.
'TIRES, coaster brake rear wheels, lamps.
f sundries, parts and repairs for all makes of bicycles at
rhalf usual prices. DO NOT BUY until you get our
catalogues and offer. Write hotv.
MJEAD CiTCJLE CO. l>ept. W80 CHICAGO
Housework Halved
by using the
Easy” Vacuum Cleaner
Easiest, most efficient, simplest,
strongestmade. Write for FREE
Trial Order Form.
DODGE & ZUILL 884G
Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
or Easy Washer Oo.
Bruce and Dundas Streets
Toronto, Can.
SPLENDID CROPS
in Saskatchewan (Western Canada)
800 Bushels From 20 Acres
of wheat was the thresher's re¬
turn from aLloydminster farm
in the season of 19X0. Many
fields in that as well as other
districts yielded from 28 to 85
bushels of wheat to the acre.
Other grains in proportion.
Large Profits
are thus derived from the
FREE HOMESTEAD
LANDS of Western Canada.
This excellent showing causes price*
to advance. Land values should doable
in two years’ time.
Gruin growing, mixed farming,
cattle raising and dairying are all
profitable. Free Homesteads of 1 60
acres ure to be had in the very best
districts; 160-acre pre-emptions at
E3.00 per acre within certain areas.
chools and churches In every set¬
tlement. climate unexcelled, soil
the richest; wood, water and build¬
ing material plentiful.
For low aettlor.' railway rate, and illustra¬
ted paaiphlet, "Last Bost West. ' ’ and other in¬
formation. write to Sup't of lmmig,, Ottawa,
Can., or Can. Qov't Agt. (62)
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent, 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
Buy Paint That is Ready to Use
What Is the use of bothering with mixing white lead and turpentine and
linseed oil when you can buy a better quality of paint already mixed and
ready to use ? And the ready-mixed paint — if it is Moore’s — is cheaper
than the hand-mixed. The linseed oil in Moore’s Paints is pure. It is
chemically tested. When the price of linseed oil is high, adulteration
is prevalent, and the individual purchaser (who is not able to
subject the raw material to chemical
test) is apt to be “stung.”
When buying paints ask for “Moore’s”
and look for our label. MOORE’S
Paints and Varnishes for every purpose.
Have You Tried Muresco ?
Muresco is an attractive wall finish,
to be applied over plaster or wood.
Write for literature describing
Muresco, and showing its use.
BENJAMIN MOORE & CO.
Brooklyn, N. Y. _ Carteret, N. J.
Cleveland, O, Chicago, Ill. Toronto, Can
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
243
The Plant of Purity.
In many German and Swedish fami¬
lies you will find a certain little green
shrub cherished as a household treasure.
It is called myrtle and certainly has
better claim to the name than have
either our Vincas or moneywort. Indeed
I am not sure but it is the true myrtle
of southern Europe, but have never seen
it in bloom or fruit. It has small dark
green leaves which are pleasantly aro¬
matic when bruised. Of smaller, finer
growth tharu the old-fashioned box used
as garden borders, it yet resembles that
plant somewhat. [This is the classic
myrtle, Myrtus communis of southern
Europe. The running vine, commonly
called myrtle in America, Vinca minor,
is called periwinkle in England. Eds.]
By much pinching back the housemother
makes her myrtle grow green and dense,
round-topped and symmetrical. A six-
inch pot will hold a plant several years
old, but I suppose more root-room has
gradually to be given as the myrtle be¬
comes venerable. Not a little sentiment
clings about these plants so faithfully
cherished. Often one is brought as a
birthday gift to the baby daughter, and
for her is tended and trained and ex¬
hibited to callers with pride. Sprays
are plucked to carry to the house of
mourning when any other mother loses a
baby, and the bride wears a wreath of
its shining green to fasten her veil. The
plant is considered a symbol of purity,
and no one may wear it unworthily.
Noticing some tall, unhandsome speci¬
mens at a florist’s I was told that so
much in demand for wedding wreaths
was this sort of green that his patrons
of foreign extraction kept the plants
shorn of fresh sprays almost as fast as
the old plants could produce them.
Though not a particularly showy plant,
this pretty myrtle is well worth a place
in any plant collection, its ease of cul¬
ture, neatness, hidden fragrance and
heritage of sentiment all combining in
its favor. It will be found to need
plenty of water, but may be left in the
same pot Summer and Winter with no
further care than frequent nipping off
of the outer twigs to insure a dense and
bushy growth. prudence primrose.
Some Items of Country Fare.
In some households the “pork fry”
that comes with butchering season is so
well liked that the cook has only to see
that liver, pork steaks and sweetbreads
are nicely browned together with
“streaks of lean and fat” and the only
cry will be that there is not enough of
it. On other tables pork liver is less
well received. Yet if it is from healthy,
home-grown porkers it should be capable
of adding its touch of variety to the
Winter’s bill of fare. Greater care in
cooking may bring it into better favor,
for any sort of liver fried hard and dry
becomes a food stuff from which any¬
one is excusable for asking to be de¬
livered.
All liver larger than that from poultry
should, of course, be sliced to half-inch
thickness and then have boiling water
turned over it. Cooking in the oven
dries it less than frying. Lay the slices
in a tin or dripping pan, add some salt
pork cut thin and a little hot water.
Set it in a hot oven till partly cooked,
keeping the pan upon the upper rack if
the oven has one. In half an hour or
less take out and cut both liver and
pork into small, cross-wise shreds, re¬
turn to the pan and add salt and pepper
as needed. Replace in the oven and see
that it is well cooked but not overdone
before serving. It may come to the
table in a separate platter but accom¬
panying the fresh fry of pork.
Calves’ liver gives the best material
for a breakfast of liver and bacon, but
pork liver is also given flavor if some
thin slices of smoked bacon be first
fried in the pan where it is to be cooked.
After scalding the liver pat it between
the folds of a towel to dry off the mois¬
ture, then lay it in the hot fat with the
bacon. After it is browned a little on
both sides it may be taken off the fire
and it and the bacon cut small as recom¬
mended in oven cooking. Make a nice
browned gravy in the pan, first turning
off part of the bacon fat, then dredging
in flour and finally turning in a cupful
or more of hot water. When it has
cooked clear season with salt and a
touch of onion if liked, or a sprinkle of
celery salt. Return the liver and bacon,
cover the pan and draw to the back of
the range where it will simmer slowly
till needed.
There seem to be right and wrong
ways of preparing even so simple a dish
as bacon and eggs. To be sure some
palates demand that bacon shall be
curled and crisp, and like to have a
good deal of it sliced very thin and
tossed and frizzled over a brisk fire till
crumply and ready to be drained upon
brown paper or tossed into a paper bag
and kept hot in the oven till served.
This is one way. Another way, which
certainly makes more food of a given
quantity of bacon, is to dip the slices in
a little milk or cream and then sprinkle
them with flour before laying in the
heated fry pan. Not much milk adheres,
but enough to make a difference about
the flour clinging to the slices. Use a
cake turner as they cook, for the
browned surface ought not to be left
sticking to the pan when . the bacon is
turned. When browned both sides but
not too shriveled pile the bacon on a
hot plate and keep in the warming oven
while cooking the eggs.
Now an egg may be eatable if turned
and fried upon both sides, but it is
tougher and does not look half as pretty
as when the yoke is soft enough to run
when punctured, but coated with a thin
film of the white well cooked. It is a
good plan to keep bacon fat clear and
by itself after each cooking, for more is
needed for frying the eggs than will
come from one panful of bacon. Before
dropping in the eggs add enough fat to
give nearly a half inch of depth, and if
it is not quite hot some say the eggs
spread less. But a poker laid upon the
range will help to tilt the pan a little
and dropping the first eggs on the down¬
hill side will keep the albumen more
compact, and others settling against
these will hold their shape sufficiently.
As soon as the eggs are cooked enough
to be somewhat “set” tilt the pan the
other way and with a large spoon ladle
the boiling grease over their tops. Keep
this up till each has its veil of cooked
albumen, but cook only long enough to
have the whites just lose their colorless
state. If cooked too long they become
tough, and even letting the pan stand
on the back of the range waiting to be
served will rob the eggs of their tasti¬
ness, therefore leave their frying till the
last task of the meal getting. Transfer
with the cake turner to the central part
of a flat platter and place the bacon as a
border around the eggs. Garnish with
parsley if you have it.
An old-fashioned way of serving ham
and eggs is to fry them as usual and
then cut both ham and eggs into small
pieces, tossing them well together. This
dish used to appear upon the breakfact
table and was a favorite with the “men
folks.” The ham was first cut up in
the platter in which it was served, then
the fried eggs laid upon it and lightly
sliced and mixed through the whole.
FATTIE LYMAN.
Your Choice
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244t
Some Good Cakes.
Old-fashioned Cinnamon Cake. — When
you bake your bread, take about one
quart of sponge in a pan large enough
to raise it in. Add one large coffee cup¬
ful of soft white sugar, three-quarters
of a cupful of lukewarm water, butter
about the size of an egg, melted in the
water, and two eggs. Mix all with
enough flour to make a nice soft dough.
Let it rise until light (say, from three
to four hours), then put it into four pie
plates. Let it rise again until the pans
are full. Bake in moderate oven. About
thirty minutes will bake them. When
done, wet them with sugar water,
sprinkle granulated sugar and cinnamon
on top and put back into oven for a few
minutes until sugar has frosted.
Birthday Cake. — One-half cup of but¬
ter, one cup of sugar, one-half cup of
milk, one and one-half cups of flour,
one tcaspoonful of baking powder, the
whites pf four eggs. Mix as usual,
flavor with one-half tcaspoonful of van¬
illa and half the grated rind of a lemon.
One pound of London layer raisins, one-
half pound sultanas, one-half pound of
dates (chopped), one-half pound of figs,
one-half pound of blanched almonds,
one-eighth pound of citron, shredded ;
one-fourth pound of candied orange and
lemon peel together, shredded. Use an
additional cup of flour to dredge the
fruit. Add fruit to the dough, bake in
a paper-lined cake pan, having tube in
the center. Bake in a slow oven.
Daisy Cake. — This is made in two
colors ; for the white part take two
cupfuls of sugar, two cupfuls sour
cream, two teaspoon fuls of soda, and
the whites of six eggs beaten to a
stiff froth. Whip the cream and sugSr
together and stir in the soda; then flour
enough to make a good batter, and
lastly the beaten whites. Flavor with
almond. For the yellow part, stir a cup
of sugar with a cup of sour cream; add
a teaspoonful of soda, the yolks of four
eggs beaten very light and a teaspoon¬
ful of vanilla and flour enough to make
a good cake batter. Bake the white
part in two layers and the yellow in
one and use orange icing for putting
together.
Hermits. — One egg, a cup of granu¬
lated sugar browned on the fire, one-
half cup of butter, the same quantity
of sour milk, a teaspoonful of soda, a
cupful of chopped raisins, a teaspoonful
of cinnamon and a saltspoonful of salt,
flour to make soft dough ; mix, cut in
forms and bake in a moderate oven.
Almond Hermits. — One cupful of but¬
ter, worked to a cream with two cup¬
fuls of sugar ; two eggs ; three even
cupfuls of flour sifted twice with a
teaspoonful of baking powder; half a
teaspoonful of g-ound mace; three
dozen almonds, blanched, dried and
split in half. Having creamed the but¬
ter and sugar, work in the beaten yolks,
the spice, then the frothed whites and
the flour alternately. The dough must
be just soft enough to roll out. Make
the rolled sheet less than half an inch
thick; cut round; wash lightly with
the white of egg; press half an almond
into the heart of each cake and sift
granulated sugar on top. Bake in a quick
overt.
■ Chocolate Cream Cake. — One cup of
sugar and one-half cup butter creamed
together, one cup of milk, one-half tea¬
spoonful vanilla, three level teaspoons
baking powder sifted in one and three-
quarter cups of flour, stiffly beaten
whites of three eggs. Bake in two lay¬
ers. Filling — 1. Whites of three eggs,
three cups of confectioner’s sugar, sifted,
and one teaspoon of vanilla. Put the
eggs in a large bowl, sprinkle with part
of the sugar. Beat with a perforated
wooden spoon, adding more sugar as
needed. Filling — 2. Boil two cups of
granulated sugar, one cup of milk, one
tablespoon of butter and three table¬
spoons of grated chocolate together un¬
til it will form a soft ball in water.
Frost the lower cake with the chocolate,
pile half the white filling on, then cover
top with chocolate. Treat the second
layer in the same manner. This is de¬
licious.
Walnut Mocha Cake. — Stir together
one-half cupful of butter, one cupful
of sugar, one-half cupful of coffee in¬
fusion, one and three-quarters cupfuls
of sifted flour, one and a half teaspoon¬
fuls (level) of baking powder, the stiffly
beaten whites of three eggs and three-
quarters of a cupful of walnut meats
broken into pieces. Bake in small pans
about twenty-five minutes and frost
with confectioners’ sugar stirred to the
spreading consistency with thick cream;
flavor with vanilla.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
The simple, yet attractive, house gown
is one that is always in demand. Here
is a model which is simplicity itself, yet
it is eminently smart. The waist is cut
in one with the sleeves, and the closing
is made at the left of the front. The
skirt is narrow, without exaggeration,
of a belt. The sleeves can be gathered
into cuffs or left free as liked. For
the medium size will be required 7
yards of material 27, 5% yards 36 or
424 yards 44 inches wide with 24 yard
27 inches wide for the trimming. The
pattern No. 6914 is cut in sizes for a 34,
36, 38, 40 and 42 inches bust measure;
price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures show 6865,
blouse waist for misses and small
women, 14, 16 and 18 years. 3 yards of
material 21 or 24 inches wide, yard
36, l-)4 yard 44, with 24 yard of plait¬
ing for frill, for 16 year size. 6899, fancy
waist, 34 to 42 bust. 224 yards of ma¬
terial 27 inches wide, 124 yard 36 or 44,
1 yard of all-over, 24 yard of velvet, for
medium size. 6901, long coat, 34 to 44
bust. 8% yards of material 27 inches
wide, 5 y2 yards 44 inches wide, 4 yards
52 inches wide, 124 yard for facing, for
medium size. 6898, four-piece skirt, 22
to 32. 5 24 yards of material 27 inches
wide, 4 yards 44 inches wide, 2)4 yards
52 inches wide, when material has figure
or nap, 524 yards 27 inches wide, 224
yards 44, or 52 inches wide when ma¬
terial has neither figure nor nap, width
of skirt at lower edge 2 24 yards, for
medium size. 6866 child's dress, 2, 4 and
6 years. 324 yards of material 24 or 27
inches wide, 3 yards 36, 224 yards 44,
for 4 year size. Price of each pattern
10 cents.
6914 House Dress with Four Gored
Skirt, with Box Plait or Gathered
Back, 34 to 42 bust.
and the gown is attractive and becom¬
ing. The neck can be cut out to form
a square, as in this case, or finished
with a rolled-over collar. The skirt can
be made with a box plait or with gath¬
ers at the back. The dress consists of
waist and skirt. The waist is cut in
one with the sleeves and has only the
center back and undcr-arm seams to be
sewed up. The skirt is made in four
gores and the two are joined by means
Freshening Up Window Shades.
Since everything in the kitchen must
have frequent and thorough cleaning,
we think there are no better window
shades for that room than homemade
ones of bleached cotton cloth. W?e
buy good fixtures and get cloth the
right width. But if one have a narrow
window for which even the narrowest
cotton is too wide, make even hems on
both sides, turning the cloth but once,
and the roller will work all right. In
any case we do not tack the curtain
directly on the roller, but have a strip
of wide tape tacked there permanently
and pin the shade, with ten or a dozen
pins to this tape. It takes but a moment,
on washing day, to unpin the shade, and
the tape remains tacked evenly on its
line and ready to have the freshly
ironad curtain repinned in place before
it gets wrinkled or folded. To speak
more exactly, we take down the shades
the evening before washing day and
plunge them into clear cold water to
rinse out the dust, which is such a
killer of soapsuds. The shades are
startched slightly, and go up again look¬
ing fresh and tidy as new.
Most of us dislike the fuss of chang¬
ing an old window shade top to bot¬
tom, yet once we set about the task the
labor proves light, the result rewarding.
Place the shade upon the table, remove
the stick and either cut off or rip out
the hem. It is best not to shorten the
shade unless the stitching has so weak¬
ened the fabric that it seems likely to
tear. A little extra length about the
roller at top may never be seen, yet it
prevents the shade being pulled from the
roller. Trim this end to a straight line
perfectly parallel with the old hem. Now
roll up till the roller is laid bare. With
a stiff knife remove the tacks, saving
them to be used again. Cut a half inch
from the shade to get rid of the tack
holes, make a new hem and slip in the
stick. Again roll the shade till the op¬
posite end is reached. You have now
but to tack the straight end there to the
roller, keeping it exactly along the pencil
line on the wood, and using the same
tiny tacks, as larger ones are liable to
injure the spring inside the roller. If
you have kept your lines straight with
the old ones and the shade hung well
before it will hang just as evenly now.
By cutting a sixteenth of an inch strip
from each edge of the shade a frayed
look is removed and the curtain not
perceptibly narrowed.
MISTRESS ECONOMY.
February 25.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
‘a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
OF
- ,■
on thin, pale children is
almost magical.
It makes them plump,
rosy, and active.
Scott's Emulsion
contains no drug, no alco¬
hol, nothing but the purest
and best ingredients to
make blood, bone and
solid flesh.
Every “SUN" _ Lieht is a complete gas plant,
lighted with a match, like ^ ^ \
gas. burning little gaso- -
line, much air. bright-
er and cheap* r than
ga«, electricity, .
kerosene.
Use
SUN” Lights in
home, store,
church, hall. Send
for catalog of xo3
styles, $2.25 up.
r Sold direct — No nets.
Sun Vapor Light Co.
11 IB Market St., Canton, 0.
icn Farms FOR SAIiE CHEAP' in fertile
IvJU I ullllo Delaware Valley. Now catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
For Best EXTENSION LADDER at
JOHN J. POTTER. It Mill St., Binghamton, N. Y.
Figure on
Painting
u This Spring
A second short flax
crop keeps linseed oil
up, but the increase in
price in pure white lead
paint is not so great as
you may fear.
Get at your dealer’s
the cost of 100 pounds
of “ Dutch Boy Painter ”
White Lead, 4 gals, pure
linseed oil, 1 gal. tur¬
pentine, 1 pint turpentine drier — this makes
8 gallons of old-fashioned paint.
Compare this cost, either by the gallon or by
the job. with what you used to pay for paint.
You’ll find the difference so small that you
can’t afford to put off painting, or to paint with
anything except “Dutch Boy Painter” White
Lead. Write for free “ Painting Helps No. 008
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
Offices in the fallowing attest
New York Boston Buffalo |j
Cincinnati Cleveland St. Louis
San Francisco
( John T. Lewis & Bros. Co..
I i
Philadelphia)
(National Lead and Oil Co..
■Sr*?*
Pittsburgh) j;
;
Ill
LET US
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1911
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
246
Those Puzzling Shoe Numbers.
Could you help me to an intelligent order¬
ing of family shoes by mail? The present
way the manufacturers have of making
shoes, sizes and widths, is perfectly unin¬
telligible to me. When I order a 2% D I
don't know whether I am getting what I
order or not. What advantages has the
new way over the old way? mrs. j. c.
We have always believed that those
puzzling numbers were invented for the
confusion of customers who insist that
they take a certain size, whether it fits
or not. We do not know of any other
reason, but we find that when we ask
for our accustomed size we are fitted
without trouble, even though the num¬
ber marked in the shoe looks like the
license number of an automobile. It is
quite safe to order shoes by the old
numbers, as the new numbers are merely
synonyms for them; the shoe dealer
knows what is meant, and so long as
they fit, the obscurity of the new num¬
bers does not matter. Of course there
is sometimes difficulty in fitting where
there is a great change in model of last,
and we sometimes find that slippers
and ties, especially, are more comfortable
when one size longer and one width nar¬
rower than the accustomed size is se¬
lected. Indeed, short shoes are always
both uncomfortable and disfiguring. We
would keep on ordering by the old num¬
bers, and let the seller struggle with
the new ones.
A Box of Candy
Coffee Caramels. — Two cupfuls of
granulated sugar, half a cupful of very
strong coffee, one cupful of cream.
After the sugar and coffee have boiled
five minutes add the cream and con¬
tinue boiling until the candy strings
when dropped from the spoon. Pour
into a buttered pan and when cool cut
into squares. This candy should boil
over a moderate fire, or it will burn.
To make the coffee, put two tablespoon¬
fuls of powdered coffee into the bag
of a French coffee pot and pour
through it one cupful of boiling water.
When the water has dripped through
pour it back over the coffee. Repeat
this process twice and the result will be
strong enough to give the candy the
true coffee flavor. Keep the coffee pot
hot while coffee is being made.
Plain Vanilla Candy. — Six pounds of
best white sugar, three teaspoon fuls of
vanilla extract, one teaspoonful of
soda, three cups of clear water. Pour
the water over the sugar, and, when
nearly dissolved, set it over the fire and
bring to a boil. Stew steadily until it
hardens in cold water, stir in the
vanilla, boil one minute, add the dry
soda, stirring in well, and instantly
turn out upon broad, shallow dishes.
Pull, as soon as you can handle it, into
long white ropes, and cut into lengths
when brittle.
Cream Peppermints. — Put a pound of
white sugar and one and one-half tea¬
spoonfuls of cream of tartar in a tea¬
cupful of cold water. Stir until dis¬
solved, then boil until a little of it,
cooled in water, can be rolled into a
ball with the fingers. Remove from the
fire, allow it to cool a little and beat
with a spoon until it turns white. Add
three drops of oil of peppermint and mix
well. If it hardens too quickly while
beaten set the bowl in a tin of boiling
water. Make it into balls with the hands.
Turkish Delight. — Break an ounce of
sheet gelatine into pieces and soak it
for two hours in a half cupful of cold
water. Dissolve two cupfuls of granu¬
lated sugar in a half cupful of cold
water. As soon as it boils, add the
gelatine and cook steadily for 20 min¬
utes. Flavor with the rind and juice
of an orange, with orange flower water
or rose water. Turn into tins wet with
cold water, and when it is set cut it
into squares. Roll in a mixture of con¬
fectioner’s sugar and cornstarch. A few
chopped nuts may be added to the syrup
when it is taken from the fire.
Glaces. — To “glace” nuts and certain
kinds of fruit, nothing is needed but
sugar and water and a little patience.
Boil a pound of sugar with a gill of
water until it threads. Drop nuts, figs
or grapes into the syrup, one at a time,
dipping them out with a buttered fork
and dropping them on a buttered tin to
dry. Care must be taken not to shake
the syrup more than necessary, and it
is necessary to work rapidly, as the
syrup should be removed from the fire
before the nuts or fruits are dipped, and
it soon hardens. A teaspoonful of vine¬
gar added to it makes a crisper glaze.
A second dipping after the first coat
hardens greatly improves the appearance
of the candy. It should be eaten fresh,
as it soon becomes sticky with changes
in the atmosphere.
Peanut Brittle.-~One pound of granu¬
lated sugar, melted in a skillet but not
scorched. When melted add a lump of
butter size of a walnut and one quart
of finely chopped peanuts. Stir well and
pour a little on a buttered board; roll
thin with a buttered rolling pin as it
hardens quickly ; continue until all is
formed into sheets.
Peanut Creams. — Break into a bowl
the white of one egg, add one table¬
spoonful of orange juice and into this
gradually stir sufficient sugar to make a
thick paste. Mix with it one teacupful
of finely chopped peanuts. Form into
balls, roll in pulverized sugar and lay
on buttered dishes to dry. When dry
each can be dipped into melted chocolate
if preferred.
Maple Caramels. — Two cupfuls of
brown sugar, one and one-half cups of
maple syrup, one-ihalf cup of cream
and one tablespoonful of butter. Test
the cooking as for chocolate caramels.
Pour on buttered shallow pans. Cut
in squares when cool. Nuts can be
sprinkled on the greased pan before
pouring, or stirred into the caramel just
before moving from the fire.
Chocolate Fudge. — One-pound cake of
chocolate, two pounds of granulated
sugar, one cup of cream or rich milk,
one teaspoonful of vanilla, a large-sized
piece of butter, about an eighth of a
pound, a good-sized pinch of salt. Dis¬
solve the chocolate over the tea kettle,
then mix with it the sugar and cream
and return to the stove. After it comes
to a boil, stir in the butter and salt.
Boil until the mixture forms a very soft
ball when dropped in ice water. It
should have just consistency enough not
to go to pieces when picked up. Beat
vigorously, stirring in the vanilla when
the candy has cooled slightly. Pour
into buttered pans, and when almost
set mark in squares with a knife. This
is also an excellent icing for chocolate
cake.
Boiled Indian Pudding.
Wanted, to know how the old-fashioned
boiled Indian pudding was made. I remem¬
ber holding open the bag while mother
turned the mixture in, and then the bag
was tied up tight and put in a kettle of
water to boil. w. j. r.
The following recipe for old-fashioned
Indian pudding is given in “The Rural
Cook Book” : One quart of milk, one
quart of Indian meal, three eggs, three
heaping tablespoonfuls of sugar, one tea¬
spoonful of salt and one-half pound of
beef suet chopped into powder. Scald
the milk and while boiling hot stir in
the meal and suet with the salt. When
cold, add the yolks, beaten light with the
sugar, then the whites. Dip your bag
in hot water, flour it and fill half full
with the mixture, as it will swell very
much. Boil five hours. Eat very hot,
with butter and sugar. This pudding is
even better when baked in a well-but¬
tered dish for an hour and a half. Bake,
covered, for an hour and a quarter, then
brown.
Another recipe is as follows: One
cupful of milk, one cupful of cornmeal,
one egg, one tablespoonful of sugar, one
tablespoonful of beef suet minced fine
and strings removed, one-half teaspoon¬
ful each of salt and ground cinnamon,
one-third saltspoonful of soda in the
milk. (Sour milk may be used, in which
case take one-half teaspoonful of soda.)
Heat the milk with the soda ; when
boiling stir in the meal, salt and suet
and set aside to cool. When cold beat
in the spice, sugar and whipped eggs
and stir vigorously. Boil in a well-
greased brown bread mold for three
hours. Leave plenty of room for the
pudding to swell. Serve with hard sauce
or caramel, maple sugar or molasses.
The recipe may be doubled and divided
in two molds for steaming — one to be
set aside in a cool place and used in a
week. A cupful of chopped, floured
raisins, dates, or cooked dried apricots
may be added. For molasses sauce, use
one cupful of molasses, one and a half
tablespoonful of butter, two tablespoon¬
fuls of lemon juice, a dash each of nut¬
meg and cinnamon. Boil molasses,
spices and butter five minutes, remove
from fire and add lemon juice. Serve
very hot. _
The Bookshelf.
The Teaching of Agriculture in
the High School, by G. A. Bricker.
This is a discussion of agricultural
teaching in secondary schools, mode of
presentation, sequence of operations, or¬
ganization of the laboratory and field
work, etc. It will be found helpful to
teachers and others interested in this
work, and includes a copious list of
book? relating to this line of study.
Published by the Macmillan Company,
New York; 202 pages, 29 illustrations;
price $1 net, postage additional.
More About Zinc
There may be something in the zinc
cure for soot; there often is a bit of
fact at the bottom of popular beliefs,
but I have no idea what the real ac¬
tion, if any, depends upon. It is pos¬
sible that the zinc oxide alternately re
duces in the presence of hot carbon,
which of course it easily does, and
then again oxidizes, thus acting as an
oxygen carrier and slowly burning away
the soot. There are many reactions
of that sort. But never advise your
readers to treat any appreciable quantity
of zinc with acid in any enclosed space
where the least spark or flame could
get to the resulting mixture of hydogen
and air. Should that happen the ex¬
perimenter would likely “be wafted away
from this black Alcadema of sorrow”
in the resulting puff. f. d. c.
Zinc is used for cleaning flues by
laying the metal, preferably in sheets
as may be had by taking the outsides
of worn-out dry batteries, on a bright
coal fire. The metal burns with a pale
flame and the abundant white fumes
pass up the chimney. This is popularly
believed to remove the soot, perhaps it
merely appears to by giving it a coat
of zinc whitewash. It is at any rate
harmless. f. c.
In regard to use of zinc as a flue
cleaner, the theory is this : Zinc when
thrown into a fairly hot fire is partly
or wholly volatilized (depending on
amount used) forming a light, gray or
white oxide, which passes up the flue
and unites mechanically with deposited
products of combustion, forming a fire¬
proof (in sense of being slow-burning
and flameless) mass. While I do not con¬
sider it of much value it costs nothing
to try, and is highly recommended by
many. Just throw a few pieces of
scrap zinc in the fire, say once a week.
w. b. c.
No man can safely go abroad that
does not love to stay at home ; -no man
can safely speak that does not willingly
hold his tongue ; no man can safely gov¬
ern that would not cheerfully become
subject; no man can safely command that
has not truly learned to obey; and no
man can safely rejoice that has not the
testimony of a good conscience. — Thomas
a Kempis.
When you write advertisers mention Tub
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
My ‘ ‘Pearl Glass’ *
lamp chimneys give
more light than
common ones, due
to perfection of
shape and propor¬
tions — right balance
of drafts.
They are clear as
crystal— m a d e of
tough glass, not
bottle glass. They make the
lamp do its best.
Common chimneys hinder the
light — the draft is a matter of
chance. The lamp can't do its
best.
My name, Macbeth, is on every “Pearl
Glass” lamp chimney. Send for my Index.
Macbeth
Macbeth-Evans Glass Co. Pittsburgh
TAPESTRY RUC,
WOOL, 9 x 12 ft.,
Art Squares— 9 x 12
ft., *3.25 up. Fine
Smyrna Rugs— 9 x,
12 ft., *6.98. Mat¬
ting — from 13c a yard
up. Oil Cloth — 24c a
yard up. Linoleum— 41c
a sq. yard and up. Brus¬
sels Carpets— 40c a yard
up.
Raxboroilh Rugs
$7.48
Just think! Floor
coverings as fine
as can be made —
beautiful, long last-
_. guaranteed , with
bright, fadeless colors—
at regular manufactur¬
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one-naif less than retail!
We buy in big lots. You
know that saves money.
Just as big bargains in
Body Brussels, Axmin-
aters, Velvets, Ingrains,
Wiltons, Rag Carpets,
Carpet Linings, Cocoa
Mats and Lace Curtains.
Talk about handsome
patterns! We have
them for parlor,
bedroom, dining
room and kitchen.
Get a postal right now,
and write for our hand¬
some illustrated cata¬
logue. It tells all about
each article and gives
you' the exact low price.
Don’t put off writing!
You won't have to buy
unless you want to, but
by all means send for
the catalogue, and sea
the low prices.
ROXBOROUGH RUG CO., Dept. 377 , Philadelphia, Pa.
Nature would cover them with
shells, like nuts, protecting from
moisture, mildew, dirt and insects. ^
Just so are Uneeda Biscuit protected by the
moisture-proof, dust-proof package. It keeps
them oven-fresh and crisp, retaining all their
flavor and goodness till used. n
Think it over and you will always
buy the protected kind
Uneeda
Biscuit
Never Sold
in Bulk
In the moisuire-praof
package
NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY
S-a6
"\PHEJ RURAb NEW-YORKER
February 25.
Live Stock and Dairy
“LET THE COWS PROVE IT.”
THe editorial in The R. N.-Y. of
January 28, under the title, “Let the
Cows Prove It,” has attracted wide at¬
tention, and was certainly a very mod¬
erate and conservative statement, and
makes it plain that there is something
still due the club from Mr. Taylor. The
details of this controversy would per¬
haps occupy more space than you could
devote to this subject at this time, but
in support of the demand that the cows
“come back,” it will, perhaps, be in¬
teresting to consider one of the many
circumstances brought out in this in¬
vestigation.
It will be recalled that the abnormal
percentage of butter fat in the milk of
“Missy of the Glen” was the basis of
her high record. The production of
milk, although large, was not phe¬
nomenal, while the percentages of but¬
ter fat were so high as to be altogether
without precedent in any cow of any
breed producing a similar flow of milk.
The secretary of the club caused a com¬
posite sample of the milk from which
the November test was made, to be ana¬
lyzed. This analysis was as follows :
Total solids .
Wof . . . o.Jo yo
Solids not fat . **.83 %
Ash . 0.686%
Proteids (Nx6%) . 3.44 %
It showed the milk to be abnormal,
and Mr. Caldwell accordingly submitted
a statement of the production of the
cow for the year, together with the feed
given, and the result of this analysis,
to the foremost dairy experts of the
country. From the replies received it is
sufficient, perhaps, to quote from three
or four of the highest recognized au¬
thorities on dairy matters in this coun¬
try. Prof. F. W. Woll stated as fol¬
lows:
I have your letter of the 27th (April,
1910), relative to the tests made of the
Guernsey cow credited with the production
of 054.76 pounds of butter fat, and an
average test of 6.54 per cent, for the year.
The record of this cow and the analysis of
the sample reported was so out of the ordi¬
nary that it is difficult to see how they can
be explained satisfactorily. I don’t believe
that a sample of milk from a cow yielding
over 80 pounds a day can possibly test 9
per cent, fat, and only 8.83 per cent, solids
not fat and .69 per cent ash. This analysis
shows that the milk was of an entirely
abnormal composition, both on account of
the high fat content accompanied by the
large milk yield, and the low percentage of
solids not fat, ash and protein in the milk.
* * * * But from the composition
given, it seems certain to me that the milk
must have been adulterated with cream,
provided, of course, that the analysis was
made correctly, which I take it was the
case, since it was made by an official of
an experiment station.
Prof. C. H. Eckles said, under date of
May 3, 1910:
I am in receipt of your letter of April
28, asking for my opinion in regard to the
record made by one of your advanced regis¬
ter cows. The analyses of the milk cer¬
tainly appear to be very abnormal, espe¬
cially in view of the fact that the cow
at the time this sample was taken was pro¬
ducing as much milk as in the beginning.
M.y observation has been that when a cow
holds up in her milk, she does not increase
in the per-cent, of fat even at the last end
of the milking period. The high per cent,
of fat only comes when she declines rapidly.
During' the past three years we have
made complete chemical analyses of about
1,100 samples of milk, in co-operation with
the Dairy Division, United States Depart¬
ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.,
with cows of various breeds and under
various conditions. Among these samples
the per cent, of fat has at no time equaled
the solids not fat, as was the case in the
sample of milK you reported. Even in the
most abnormal milk we have analyzed the
solids not fat exceeded the fat 2.13 per
cent. 1 am furthermore struck by the. ap¬
parently low . per cent, of protein as given
in the chemical analysis. Our experiments
indicate that when the per cent, of fat goes
up, due to the advance in the period of
lactation, that the protein goes up in about
the same proportion. In fact, on the
average, it goes up a little more than the
fat in relation to the normal. In this
analysis reported, however, the per cent,
of protein is even lower than we have
found in the last end of the milking period
of many cows. * * *
My candid opinion in regard to this
test is that if accepted, there will always
remain serious question as to its accuracy
in the minds of those who are competent
to judge, unless it can be shown beyond
any reasonable doubt that the samples were
taken under conditions which make it abso¬
lutely impossible for any error to have
been made.
milk, which you submitted, are outside of
any analysis which I have seen, especially
where the yield of milk has been as high
as in this case. The analysis submitted
is somewhat abnormal, in that the protein
content is not as high as would be ex¬
pected from the high per cent, of fat. The
same is true regarding the ash content.
Usually where such high per cents, of fat
are found, both the protein and ash are
higher than is given in this analysis. The
differences are exactly such as would be
found if cream had been added to the
milk, and unless the supervision of this
test was beyond question, I should suspect
that cream had been added in this case.
There are certainly no men more com¬
petent to judge what this analysis in¬
dicated than those whose opinions have
been quoted above. It will be seen that
all agree that unless the most thorough
supervision and verification has been
provided, the tests should be thrown out
as unreasonable. The facts are that no
verification was ever made. When at¬
tempted by outside inspectors the per¬
centage of fat was found to be entirely
normal in every case, running about five
per cent.
It therefore appears that the large re¬
ported production of “Missy of the
Glen” rests wholly on an abnormal per¬
centage of fat which the best dairy ex¬
perts say should not be accepted without
the fullest verification. Such attempts
at verification as have already been
made have failed completely to confirm
the high percentages claimed. Mr. Tay¬
lor can certainly not expect any intelli¬
gent breeder to accept his records un¬
less he adopts at once the only possible
method of making good his claims. Let
him show to competent and disinterested
inspectors some of these seven to nine
per cent tests of cows giving over 30
pounds per day! All the injunctions in
the world to head off free discussion
of this record will do nothing toward
convincing breeders of its value. Such
features of this test as this extraordin¬
ary analysis cannot be explained away.
Nothing but a public demonstration of
the ability of these cows to “come back”
will free Glen Farm records from taint.
Massachusetts. fred. b. rice.
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To Make $100 Per Month Above Expenses
1500 MEN THROUGHOUT THE U. S
ARE MAKING BIG MONEY
with our large lino of over 80 different household neces¬
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We import, manufacture and sell in enormous quantities
Capital and surplus over one million dollars. Factory
floor space nearly 5 acres.
Wo want one man i n each unoccupied locality to take
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also several responsible men to vouch for his integrity.
Such under our instructions can mako not less than
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Previous experience or more than ordinary education
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If you can’t meet requirements don’t write: if you
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Lots of new men starting and territory filling rapidly,
so if interested write at once else territory vacant in your
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W. T. RAWLEIGH CO. 39-40 Lib. St. Freeport, III.
DAIRY CATTLE |
Millr Prndurprc for New York City market
iullH riUUUOCIS desiring information iiow to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville, N. Y.
JERSEYS
— Combination and Golden Lad; for
sale. 2 cows, 7 heifers, 3 bulls.
S. E. NIVIN, Landenburg, Pa.
i1/ nyo°w dtVa°t Fern’s Jubilee No. 73852
A. J. C. C., is one of the best, “butter bred” bulls
in the world, investigate. Then order one of his
young sons before it is too late. Nothing over three
months old on hand at present. Address
J. GRANT MORSE. Laurel Farm, Hamilton, N. Y.
Breed Up-Not UownTo?«Ti.S™
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. Ii. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
SHEEP
Woodland Dorsets
Woodland Dorsets have been sold into practically
every State in the Union, and are giving satisfac¬
tion. I can spare fifty head of splendid ewes, all
of them bred to a verv fine ram.
CHAS. 6. WING. Mechanicsburg, Ohio.
SHROPSHIRES
breediu:
ewes ; 40
yearling rams. Price and
: right. FRED VAN VLEET, LODI, N.Y.
Prof. S. M. Babcock wrote as fol¬
lows: As his letter is short, we give
it complete :
Your letter of April 27, asking my opin¬
ion on the high tests found with a Guern¬
sey cow is duly received. The analyses of
D O Gr S
Pfll I IE Dll DO— From imported stock. Females
uULLlL rUlOcheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City. Pa.
SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose Pa.
| Horses and Mules
THE PERCHERON SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Has just increased its capital stock to
$100,000. 10,000 shares of $10 each. 3,000
shareholders, Nov. 28, 1910. 100 breeders
have taken membership since Dec. 1st.
Ninety-five per cent of the Pereheron
breeders of America record with the
Pereheron Society. *****
Information pertaining Percherons furnished. Address
WAYNE DINSMORE, Secretary,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill.
Cfl Pereheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
OU at farmers' prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefteld, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Penna. R.R. 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Pereheron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from $300 up, mares
from $400 up. Address all correspondence to
O. N. WILSON, Kittanning, Pa.
KENTUCKY MAMMOTH JACKS, JEN¬
NETS and SADDLE HORSES.
We are the Largest Breeders in America of Mam¬
moth Jacks. Hampshire and Tamworth hogs. Stock
of all ages for sale. J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Ky.
DAIRY CATTLE
LEARN ABOUT THE GUERNSEY COW
Highest Class of Dairy Products
EXCELLING IN
Natural Color and Good Flavor
Get the Guernsey Breeders' Journal
ONE YEAR FOR $1.00
(With Rural New Vorker, only $1.50)
: S* "W I 3ST DEI
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES , . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
General information about this Breed, so rapidly advanc¬
ing in popular favor, by Addressing
The American Guernsey Cattle Club
Box R. PETERBORO, N. H.
To Avoid Inbreeding, We Will Sell Our
HERD BULL
AMERICA DE KOL BURKE.
A great son of the great De Kol Burke. It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree.
Also, four months Bull Calf for sale
CLOVE It DALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Xiunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
SPRINGBANK BERKS HIRES.
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, toser-
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON. Proprietor, Marhiedale, Conn.
W ANTFn~Five Hundred PIGS eight to twelve
If nil I LU weeks old, that will stand shipping.
Address DRAWER 62, New Haven, Conn.
A BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PIG given for a
few hours of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannettsburg, Pa,
THE RIG, DEEP FELLOWS
that grow and mature quickly.
DUR0CS
Pigs and Gilts for sale at ail times.
SHENANGO RIVER FARMS, Transfer, Pa.
CHEL00N FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
0 Bred Sows. Service Boars Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y.
LARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD— Special Offering
of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $00 and
up. They should develop into 800-pound hours at
maturity. H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders hooked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
MAPLE HURST STOCK FARMS, Guilford, Conn., offer lor
sale 4 Jersey Bull Calves eligible for registry,
7 Guernsey Bull Calves eligible to registry. Jer¬
seys headed by Hood Farm Pogis, Guernseys headed
by imported Fantine’s Zac Taylor. Splendid
specimens of both breeds Four magnificent Berk¬
shire Boar Pigs eligible to registry. Sired by Hood
Farm Rex and dam Hood Farm Dlnith. Also 20
8 weeks old Chester White Pigs. One 11 months
old Chester White Boar. 20 single and double
comb It. I. Red Cockerels, Tuttle strain. The
above stock is guaranteed and the price is right.
Iffi'S HULSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young hulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEIN-FRI ESI AN ASS'N OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON, SECY, BOX lOS.BRATTLEBORO. VT.
GUERNSEY BULLS For SALE
If you wish to purchase a high-class Guernsey
Bull of good Adv. It. breeding, write to
OTTO W. POST, Ensknobe, N. Y.
CREEP YOUR STABLES, KENNELS
& CHICKEN HOUSES DISEASE-FREE
An occasional disinfection with Formaldehyde will keep your
stock houses free from disease-producing germs — surely and at
little cost. Experience is unnecessary — a child can apply Formal¬
dehyde by following the directions contained in the booklet which
we send free on application. This method endorsed by U. S. Dept,
of Agriculture. Full directions for treating seed grain as well —
write to-day.
PERTH AMBOY CHEMICAL COMPANY
100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK
Annual March Sale.
inn Belgian, Pereheron & German mn
IUU Coach Stallions and Mares IUU
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 1911,
At. the SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM, Newark, Ohio
Another great opportunity to buy the low-down,
broad out, heavy honed stallions and mares for
spring work and breeding. You cannot afford to
wait another season to get started right in the
horse industry. Do not fail to attend this sale,
where you will see more quality, more finish and
more reasonable prices than at any other import¬
ing barns in America. These stallions and mares
are the farmers’ money makers, and you should
not fail to attend this sale. Save the expenses of
an agent by buying direct from the importer.
Also, one carload of fine MULES will be offered
at this sale.
Sale to begin at 10 o’clock sharp, regardless of
weather, as it will he conducted in the barn with
every convenience for your comfort. Keep in
mind the day and date, Wednesday, March 8, 1911.
Col. G. W. CRAWFORD, Newark, Ohio.
“EVERYTHING FOR DAIRYMEN ALWAYS IN STOCK”
WISHER MANUFACTURING COMPANY , 230 ^wvork” ST'
Contain, full information and complete feeding directions foi using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
jNo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured tn an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1 800.
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911.
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
24T
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deaL” See guarantee
Rosaire's Olpa
4th' s Pridt~
World's
Champion 4 year
old Jersey Cow
owned by
Geo. H. Sweet
East Aurora, N. Y.
Turn Wasted Ration
Into Profitable Milk
A CONSIDERABLE portion of
ordinary ration forms in the
cow’s stomach and does not
digest easily. Add Dried Beet Pulp
to the ration you feed and it loosens the
mass, makes all the ration produce milk,
increases any cow’s milk within a few days,
10# in three weeks.
Dried Beet Pulp is made from our native
sugar beet and is succulent and palatable.
Mr Sweet says: “I consider the pulp a
valuable feed for several reasons — cows seem
to relish it, it keeps them in a healthy con¬
dition, ’tis my candid belief that more good
is derived from the grain that is given, and
assimilation is greatly aided in its use.”
Accept This Guaranteed
Trial Offer
We have arranged with your dealer to
supply you a sack of Dried Beet Pulp. Just
show him this advertisement. If the cow you
select does not give more milk in three weeks
we authorize the dealer to refund your money. Read what
we say to him in this advertisement. See him today so you
can eet started soon. You are to decide everythin? yourself.
To Dealers Everywhere East of the Mis¬
sissippi River Except in States of Wis¬
consin and Michigan:
You are authorized to sell to any dairyman who will
agree to give the feed a fair honest trial, one sack of our
Dried Beet Pulp and to guarantee to refund the purchase
price if after the dairyman has fed it to one cow for three
weeks the cow has not increased her milk production; we
will reimburse you for your expenditure. If you do not
carry Dried Beet Pulp in stock, write us quickly for our
proposition. Please mention this paper.
The Larrowe Milling Co.,
624Ford Building, Detroit, Michigan
FREE TO FARMERS
A Valuable 160- page book entitled
“SILO PROFITS”
Written by 200 of the most successful
Feeders, Farmers and Dairymen In
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as long as our supply of theso books
last we will mall one copy free to
each person asking for It. It gives
theactual experience of these farm¬
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Our Factories are located at An¬
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Missouri. fifeJ for this book OllO
INDIANA SILO COMPANY
318 Union Building, Anderson, 1 ndiai
OR LESS GROWS
10 TONS CORN
ENSILAGE EQUAL
TO 4 TONS OF
BEST HAY YET
BEATS IT AS FEED
la£
YOU CARRY ON YOUR BUILDINGS
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FIRE INSURANCE
THE HOT DRY WEATHER THAT BURNS OUT
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ask KALAHAZOO^oCo
MICHIGAN
MARKETS
Week Ending February 17, 1911.
BDTTKK
The market is decidedly firm on the bet¬
ter grades of both storage and fresh
creamery. The new make shows a rather
large proportion of Winter defects. Trade
in packing stock and process is dull, 20
cents being top price for the latter.
Creamery, fa nev, lb....
.29
Good to Choice .
<3
.27
Lower Grades .
@
.23
Storage . .
®
.25
State Dniry , best .
. 25
®
.26
Common to Good .
@
.24
Factory .
®
.17
Packing Siock .
®
.16
Elgin 111. butter market steady at 26J^ cents.
CHEESE
Receipts are
quiet.
light, but
trade
is
very
Full Cream, best..
®
.17
Common to Good .
. 12
®
.13
Skims .
EGGS
®
.12
The market appears to have struck bot¬
tom after a steady decline for three weeks.
It is now on a basis about 10 cents lower
than one year ago.
White, good to choice . 20 ® .23
Mixed Colors-, best . 18 @ .19
Common to Good . 15 @ .17
Storage . 10 ® .12
Western, best . 18 @ .21
Under grades . 12 @ .15
BEANS
Trade is lifeless, with buyers critical
as to quality.
Marrow, 100 lbs . 3.75 @ 3.96
Medium . . 3.60 (a) 3.65
Pea . 3.45 ® 3.70
Yellow Eye . 3.60 @ 3.75
Red Kidney . . 6.50 @ 6.75
WhiteKidney . 4.76 ® 5.00
HOPS
Market very firm on contracts for fu¬
ture delivery.
Prime to Choice . 28 @ .29
Common to Good . 25 ® .27
Pacific Coast . 20 @ .21
German Crop, 1910 . 46 @ .50
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 @ .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
A trifle more interest is noted in both
evaporated and sun-dried apples above
medium quality.
Apples, evap. fancy . 12 ® 13
Kvap., com. to good . 06 @ .11
Sun Dried . 05 <3 .07,
Chops . 0 4\i(ei>. 05 M
Cores and Skins . 04 ® .05^
Raspberries . 28 @ .30
Cherries . 15 ® 18
FRESH FRUITS
Apple market firm both for box and
barrel fruit. Strawberries from the South
in excessive supply, medium grades selling
below 15 cents.
Apples, Russet, bbl . 3.00. ® 4.00
King . 8.00 ® 5.25
Greening . . 4.00 @ 5.75
York Imperial . 3.50 ® 6.75
Baldwin . 3.00 ® 5.00
Spy . 3.50 ® 5.25
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.60 @ 2.25
Spitz, box . 1.75 % 2.25
Rome, box . l.7o @ 2 25
Wlnesap, box . 2 00 @ 2.50
Gano. box . 1.60 ® 1.90
Cranberries —
Cape Cod. bbl . 8.00 ® 9.60
Long Island, bbl . 8.50 ® 9.50
Jersey, bbl . 7.00 @ 8.60
Gears. Kieffer. bbl . 2.75 r0 3.50
Strawberries. Fla., qt. ... . 12 ® .40
Oranges, Fla. box . 2.00 ® 3.25
Porto Rico . 1.75 @ 2.26
California . 2.50 ® 3.75
Prape Fruit Fla. box . 2.50 @ 3.00
Pineapples, Havana. 18s . 1.00 ® 2.25
Porto Rico, 30s to 24s . 1,75 @ 2.10
AMERICAN APPLES IN LONDON.
Greening and Baldwin, bbl . 5.75 ® 6.00
Albemarle Pippin . 7 00 ® 7.50
Oregon, Newtown, box . 3.00 ® 3 60
Winesap . 2.75 ® 3.00
HONEY
Market very dull and prices largely nom¬
inal.
White Clover, lb . 12 ® .14
Buckwheat, lb . 09 ® .10
Extracted, lb . 07 ® .09
VEGETABLES
Potato market continues dull and low.
Cabbage, both old and new Southern, sell¬
ing slowly. Onions, medium or above in
quality selling well.
Potatoes — N. Y. State. 180 lbs . 1.36 ® 1.60
Long Island, 180 lbs . 1.50 ® 2.00
Maine . 1.40 ® 1.60
Sweet, Jersey, bbl . . . 1.00 ® 2.60
Brussels Sprouts, qt . 08 ® .16
Beets, new. ;uo bunches . 2.00 ® 3.00
Carrots, bbl . l.lHi ® 1.60
Southern, new. bbl . 2.00 ® 3.50
Cabbage — Danish seed, ton . 9.00 ®12.00
Domestic . 6 00 (3 8.00
New, Southern, bbl . 1 50 ® 1.75
Celery doz . 50 ® 1.00
Chicory, bbl . 2.00 ® 3.00
Cucumbers Fla. bu . 3.00 ® 4.00
Escarol bbl . 3.00 ® 3.50
Endive. French, lb . 12 ® .13
Kale, bbl . UK) « 1.12
Kohlrabi. Southern, bbl . 2.50 ® 4.00
Lettuce. J-K-bbi bkt . 50 @126
Peppers. Southern, bn . 3.00 ® 4.00
Onions, Orange Co., bag . 1.50 ® 2.00
Conn. Yellow, 100 lbs . 130 ® 1.50
White pickle, bu . 75 ® 1.00
Peas. Fla., bu . 1.25 ® 3.60
Remnlne. Southern, *4 bbl . 50 ® 1.00
Salsify, 100 bunches . 5.00 _
String BeaDs. bu . - . UK) (3 1.75
Spinach, bbl . 1.60 ® 2.00
Squash, bbl . 1.75 ® 2 26
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75 ® 1.00
Wh'te bbl . 1.00 @ 1.60
Leeks. Southern, 100 bunches . 2.00 ® 3.00
Egg Plants. Fla., box . 4.00 ® 6.00
Parsnips, bbl . 1.25 ® 1.60
Parsley bbl . 2.50 ® 4.00
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 2 AO ® 3.50
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Mushroom market overstocked and
lower. Tomatoes lower. Cucumbers sell¬
ing well.
Cueumbe-s, best, doz . 1.75 ® 2.00
Musn-ooms. lb . 15 @ .20
Radishes, KHl bunches . 2.00 ® 3.60
Rhubarb, doz bunches . .40 ® .60
Tomatoes, lb . 15 ® .35
J-M Asbestos Ready Roofing is literally made of solid rock fibres!
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IHC Service Bureau
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2-48
THE RURAR NEW-YORKEB
February 25.
A GOOD COW.
I wish to get your opinion upon a
cow I own. I am no farmer, but live
in the village. I bought this cow last
March; she was fresh in January, was in
poor condition when I got her. I
weighed every milking up to January 22,
1911. From March 24 to January 22
she gave 7,121 pounds of milk. We
sold all of her milk but what we kept
for our own use, and counting what we
used she brought us in about $150. She
is part Jersey, I don’t know how much
Jersey or what breed the rest is. I
paid $50 for her. We consider her a
good cow, but having had no experience
in cows, would like your opinion upon
her. We think she has more than paid
for herself and her keep the past sea¬
son, and for wintering her through.
Wellsville, N. Y. A. m. d.
R. N.-Y. — That is a good cow. Many
a purebred with a yard long pedigree
would be proud of her record.
MUZZLE FOR UGLY SOW.
For the benefit of some R. N.-Y.
reader in his time of need I send you
description of a homemade appliance,
used by a neighbor of mine, which will
reridet the cross sow harmless and tract¬
able, when it is a case of life or death
(generally death) to the pig that comes
near her. Just cut off the top of an
old felt boot overshoe, one having two
or three buckles, and buckle it around
her nose, medium tight, fastening with
a stout string back of her ears, and
the game is won. Arrange it so that
THE SOW AND HER MUZZLE.
her rose will be out far enough to drink
and breathe well, yet still be unable to
open her mouth. Since prevention is
better than cure, it is well to add that
proper feeding and breeding will largely
do away with cross sows; but the writer
once had a well-mannered animal, one
that had reared several litters, positively
refuse to allow the pigs to nurse. The
cause of her ill-temper was that those
pigs were born with needle-pointed
tusks, and her only way to stop their
biting was to kill them. By clipping off
the end of each tusk with a pair of lamp
trimmers the cause was removed and
the trouble ended. Timely attention to
such little details quite generally elim¬
inates the element of “luck” so often
ascribed to stock-raising. h.
CLOVER IN THE SILO.
I have never seen the crop of
clover put into the silo alone, but
have seen the second crop or cut¬
ting put in in connection with corn,
I have had no experience on my
own farm in this matter, but have helped
neighbors, so can speak from observa¬
tion only. Those who have cut clover
and corn together into the silo think
very highly of the feed. The rule here
seems to be one load of clover to about
three of corn, both being fed into the
cutter at the same time, the clover from
one of the machines and the corn from
the other. With both men feeding as
fast as possible, the load of clover will
take as long as three of corn. We are
often told to make hay of our clover, as
it loses nothing that way, but it seems
to me that there would be just the same
difference with clover that there is with
corn. We know that we get much bet¬
ter results with silage than we do with
dry fodder. Why not the same differ¬
ence with clover? I have often had a
big crop of second growth of clover at
silo filling time and it is a great tempta¬
tion to cut and put it in the silo, but I
swore off either cutting or pasturing
this second growth, and we stick to our
swear. We have made arrangements to
use some Alfalfa this way this coming
Fall. The only objection against this
work comes from the machine men. Un¬
less care is taken in raking and drawing
the clover many little stones will be
gathered up and many times damage
will be done the cutter. They try here
to make the farmer who has the work
done become responsible for any damage
done. c. i. hunt.
Law Regarding Brewers’ Grains.
I fail to find wet brewers' grains licensed
by the sellers thereof. I fail to find any
provision of the law that exempts them
from paying tax, just as other feeds must
be taxed. My opinion is that if farmers
knew how much they were paying for plain
water there would be less of this unsani¬
tary feed used. I wish you would look
over the law and see if I am not right.
Ohio. J- w. G.
Section 12717 of the Ohio Food and
Drug laws reads in part as follows:
“Whoever sells, exchanges or delivers milk
from cows fed on wet distillery waste or
starch waste shall be fined not less than
$50, etc.” The Ohio Agricultural Depart¬
ment enforces the feed stuffs law requiring
a license fee of $25 on each brand of dried
distillers’ grains or dried brewers’ grains
placed on the market.
Eczema.
What is wrong with my dog? He broke
out on his nose in blotches last Fall, but
there was no pus, only the hair came off
in patches and he still remains so. He
is also lame in the right fore foot, hair is
coming off foot. Foot does not seem to be
sore. Dog is 18 months old. s. L. F.
West Virginia.
Apply sulphur ointment freely once a
day to each affected part. It may be
eczema, but that would scarcely explain
the lameness, yet we cannot say what is
causing that, as an examination would be
necessary. We suspect that a foreign body
is present in a pad or toe of foot.
a. s. A.
Horse with Catarrh.
I have a horse eight years old, in good
flesh, and works every day. He has a whit®
discharge, sometimes thick and sometime*
thin, from his nose, and coughs some. Will
you tell me what the trouble is, and what
treatment I can give him? k.
Massachusetts.
In such a case the most important mat¬
ter is to decide whether or not glanders ia
the cause of the discharge. If it is, tho
animal has to be destroyed according to
State law, and the premises quarantined
and disinfected. We cannot decide the
matter, so an expert should be called in
to make the necessary examination. It may
be stated, however, that discharge is simply
a symptom, and may indicate simple or
chronic catarrh, or be due to a diseased
molar tooth in the upper iaw and that
might be removed by trephining, a. s. a.
The Best Root
i
— For the Home
— The Barns and
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Sea Green and Purple
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Is nature’s own and the one reliable roofing for your
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110 Clark Street, Granville, N. Y.
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Prof. Jesse Beery, king of horse tamers and trainers,
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What Prof. Beery’s Students Are Doing
Breaking horses of every conceivable habit, no mat¬
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Telling any horse’s disposition at sight — judging a
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We receive hundreds of letters like tho following:
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more money than ever before.”
S. M. Ryder, Mercersburs, Fa., writes, • I am making money
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selling them, perfectly broken, at a large profit.”
Levi Smith,. Ad m i re,
Knns., R. R. 2, writes. “I
have used your methods ou
some very mean and vicious
horses and had good suc¬
cess; broke a five-.venr-old
from kicking in two hours.
Tho owner offered to sell it
for $76.00. but after I
trained her he refused
*176.00.”
PROF. JESSE BEERY
57 Academy St. Pleasant Hill, Ohio
The Only Instruction
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Never before In the history of the
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^ YcVs£.
■SsfcCHtAM JfWMTVU Dairymen, Take a Look at the
Itn the original and ''only
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an imitation.
Strife Governor Pulley Co.
•o'” 357 South Third Street
Minneapolis, Minn.
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We will send you 100 lbs. of DK.
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PRACTICAL FARMERS PREFER
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^MACHINERY
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JOHNSTON
THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO.
BATAVIA,
1911.
THE RURAt NEW-YORKEB
240
REMODELING A BARN.
I have a barn 30x40 feet, the first story
used for the stabling of stock, the floors
and stalls are of wood, no windows in it.
I wish to be advised as to how I can
change this building into one of modern
conveniences and sanitary conditions. I
would like a diagram of interior arrange¬
ments. Would it be advisable to have a
well inside the building for furnishing
water to the stock? subscriber.
The man on the spot is the one to
plan the interior arrangements of a barn,
for he alone knows the kind and amount
of stock to be kept, and the purpose for
which they are to be kept, all of which
must be known before plans can be
made. Aside from general arrangements,
three things seem especially desirable
SECTION SHOWING FLOOR AND AIR
INTAKE.
in a stable. These are : A good floor,
plenty of light, and ventilation. A floor
to meet the requirements of the animals
tight, smooth and non-destructible. Con¬
crete well surfaced fills the bill. To
make it, shape the earth in the stable
as in cut above. Wet and tramp or tamp
thoroughly, put on three or four inches
of concrete and surface with one-half
inch made of one part Portland cement
and two parts clean sand. Light is essen¬
tial to sanitation. Direct sunlight is
death to most germ life. Make the stable
then as light as your living room, and
arrange the windows if possible so that
the sun will shine on every foot of
floor space some time in the day. Ven¬
tilation is especially necessary. The
production of milk is a great tax on
the nervous energy of the cow. She
cannot keep up this nervous energy
without an abundance of fresh air. To
secure ventilation we must avail our¬
selves of certain facts and principles.
We know that warm air rises and cold
air settles. We know also that the
poisonous gases thrown off by the ani¬
mal are heavier than air, and conse¬
quently settle. We know that there is
always a draft up a chimney, conse¬
quently a chimney open at the floor, lik^
an old-fashioned fireplace, will draw the
cold, poisonous air from the floor of the
stable and carry it out above the roof.
Above diagram will show ventilator. Pro¬
vision must also be made to get fresh air
into the stable. To secure this provide
intakes as in first cut. These should be
shaped as in figure, so that the wind
may not blow directly in upon stock
but be directed upward against the
ceiling, whence it will diffuse throughout
the stable. All doors, windows and walk,
should be tight, necessitating all air
coming in by way of the intakes and
discharging through the ventilating flues
Ventilation can then be controlled and
regulated. I believe this is the correct
principle in any method of supplying
air for the stable. We draw the cold,
impure air from the floor. The fresh
air from the outside meets the warm air
as it rises from the animals, and is
warmed thereby. As it warms its ca¬
pacity to hold moisture increases, hence
it is dry. Dry air is always warm air.
Where no provision is made for ven¬
tilation and stock is closely housed, the
air becomes surcharged with moisture
and is cold. The cold, damp, impure
air of the average stable is one great
cause of dairy unprofitableness. Two
ventilating flues, each 1x2 feet, on either
side of a stable should provide ventila¬
tion for 20 cows or their equivalent in
other stock. The intakes should have a
capacity equal to the flues. Good fresh
water at the temperature of well water
is very desirable in a stable. Whether
the well should be in the stable or not
will depend upon the room and conven¬
iences, etc. F. L. ALLEN.
Ohio.
TROUBLE WITH CHURNING.
I have a cow that had her last calf last
July. I have always nad good luck In
making butter from her milk, never had
any trouble before. But the last three
times I have churned I have failed to get
butter. I churn once a week. I keep my
milk in a pantry until a day or night
before churning ; then l set it back of the
stove. I have it at 60 degrees for churn¬
ing in a crank churn. The cream is thick
when I begin to churn, but begins to foam.
I churn four or five hours, but no butter.
I feed the cow the same as every Winter,
but I have never failed to get butter be¬
fore from her. mrs. s. a.
New Jersey.
Warm your cream to about 70 de¬
grees and hold it at that temperature
for at least 12 hours before churning.
Try churning at a higher temperature
than you have been in the practice of
doing, which you say is 60 degrees. If
the butter still fails to come heat your
cream to a temperature of 160 degrees,
hold it there for 15 or 20 minutes, then
cool down to 70 degrees; add a little
clean, sour milk or buttermilk, keep it
at 70 degrees for 12 hours, stirring oc¬
casionally, when it should be fit to
churn. c. S. M.
Nellie was out riding one day with
her grandmother in the country. As
they passed a village cemetery she
looked up at the old lady and asked :
“Grandma, how long is it after they
plant people before their tombstones
come up?” — Lippincott’s Magazine.
I Promise
To Save You
$37 to $300
On a Gasoline Engine
GET my new 1911 Engine Book — and
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Wm. Galloway -Company
665 Galloway Station
Waterloo, Iowa
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Get — put your cows in better condition. I am
More ?oins it — so are hundreds of others, and I want
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W ffsfi -who has not ye|- tried the new
Here it is: Mix Schumacher Feed to the amount of % to % your !H
■■ ration with any high protein concentrates you are now JH
feeding, such as Gluten, Oil meal, Cottonseed meal, Malt sprouts, Distil- fl
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. of your cows and the saving in cost of your feed. The high quality fttk H
V of Schumacher and the favorable prices of grains making it pos- /fl9
|\ sible to buy Schumacher at about the cost of bran saves you $5
to $8 a ton. Ask your dealer for it, or write to us.
j^. The Quaker Oats Company /jEr
Chicago, U. S. A. iossaSaSEa
day, 13 of these cows have been milked
since last March and April.
The most important point in this test
isthe fact that, whileSchumacher’scost
mo $6.00 per ton less than the Distillers
Grains, mycows actually gained in milk
by feeding it. and at a time when every
dairyman knows, cows that have been
milked so long usually shrink in flow.
J. E. MUI4RAY, Freedom, N. Y.
The Quaker Oats Co.,
Gentlemen : — During the past few
months, I have been feeding my dairy
a ration composed of equal parts of
Gluten Feed and Distillers Grains.
About two weeks ago I left out the Dis¬
tillers Grains and began using Schu¬
macher Feed in its place and feeding
just the same amount. In 2 days my
dairy has gained 30 pounds of milk per
Gained
30 lbs.
from
#4 Cows
Planet Jr New No. 76 Pivot- Wheel Riding
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The greatest one-row cultivator ever invented for
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is light in draft. It is simple, 'H'^P^ackedjl
strong and durable.
Made of finest ^
quality materials
throughout, ^
Fully guar-^^H
anteed.
I H practical farmer jl :,u| Helu-F jb|j[BT
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Write for the illustrated iqn
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S L Allen & Co Box 1107V Philadelphia Pa
ck e d t
by more
1 than 35 years'
STS
experience of a
DR HESS DIP
and Disinfectant
keeps farm stock healthy. It stands,
a guard against infectious animal
diseases which sometimes sweep a
community in epidemic form. You’ve
no reason to dread hog cholera, in¬
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germ disease of live stock if you use
Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant as a
preventive.
It meets the government require-
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dip for sheep
scab, also cures
foot rot and
kills sheep
/, '-Wit A ticks.
It destroys lice .
on cattle, poul-i
try and swine.
It kills unwholesome
odors from whatever
cause and makesfarm
buildings sanitary.
Costis trifling — benefits great. Write
for free booklet.
DR. HESS & CLARK,
Aahland, Ohio.
CRUMB'S warriner
STANCHION
Henry II. Albertson, Burl¬
ington, N. J., writes: “My
new Stanchions add greatly
to the comfort of my cows.’’
WHY TORTURE
yours with rigid stanchions?
Send for specifications
of inexpensive yet sani¬
tary cow stable to
WALLACE B. CRUMB, MB, Forcatvillc, Conn.
EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION
Warranted The Best. 30 Days’ Trial
Unlike all others. Stationary when open
Noiseless Simple Sanitary Durable
The Wasson Stanchion Co.,
Box 60, -t- Cuba, N. Y.
COW COMFORT
Means additional profit. Simple,
durable, easily locked. Foster
Steel S t u n e li 1 o n s cannot be
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬
tom chains permit free head move¬
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keep cattle lined up and clean.
■Write for new booklet showing
model stables.
Foster Steel Stanchion Co.,
906 Ins. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.
ROBF.KTSON'S CHAIN
MAN 6 IN (J STANCHIONS
“I have used them for more
than TWENTY YEARS, and they
have given the very best of satis-
fart on in every way,” writes
Justus FT. Cooley, M.D., Plainfield
Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J.
Thirty days’ trial on application
O. II. IIOBF.RTSOV
Wash. St., Foreutvlllc, Conn.
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the
PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Dumping Caldron. Empties
its kettlein one minnte. Xhesimpleat
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water and
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog
Scalders, Caldrons, etc. E^*Sena
for particulars and ask forcir :ulai« J
D. it. SFEBKY 4 GO.. BaL.via. lift
260
THE RTJ RAL, NEW-YORKER
February 25.
The Henyard.
Good Rhode Island Reds.
During the year 1910, 170 R. C. R. I.
hens and pullets were kept in curtain-
front house and fed as follows : Morning,
scratch food fed in litter, dry mash in
hoppers always before them, with a small
amount of scratch food scattered at noon
to induce exercise. Night, whole corn and
oats during cold weather, and scratch food
substituted for corn during warm weather.
Skim-milk and a liberal supply of green
food, such as cabbage and mangels, is
given, also oyster shells, grit and fresh
water always before them. The following
result was obtained :
23313 eggs sold . $574.00
Broilers sold . 200.26
Hens sold . 107.58
Increase in stock value . 44.25
Total receipts . $926.09
Expense of feed and eggs for hatch¬
ing . 369.64
Balance to credit . $556.45
F. M. V. s.
New Paltz, N. Y.
A Hawk Trap.
This section being heavily wooded, we
are troubled very much with hawks, and I
have set up an effective trap, of which I
enclose diagram. All that is needed is a
pole and trap. (I find a No. 1 jump trap
about the best, as it will set on pole better.)-
Pole should be about 12 or 15 feet above
ground and far enough in to hold your
weight, hasten trap on pole by a chain
Grasshoppers and Turkeys.
Tell those western people that are trou¬
bled with grasshoppers to grow turkeys
to catch the grasshoppers. I have obtained
nearly $1,000 out of my grasshoppers the
last two years by growing a little corn to
feed the turkeys in the Fall after the grass¬
hoppers were gone. I have also saved the
grass and grain by getting away with the
hoppers. F. j. b.
Ulenfield, N. Y.
R. N.-Y.— Out where the grasshoppers are
following the Alfalfa it would take millions
of turkeys to keep them in check. English
sparrows are even better at killing the
“hoppers.”
TIIE HAWK TRAP.
with a staple. Small blocks of wood are
nailed on pole at intervals of about 18
inches to serve as steps. Set pole in open
field or some place where hawks frequent
most (no bait is needed), and if your trap
is set very light every hawk that flies to
your trap is sure to get caught. As hawks
fly to poles and such things, it is an easy
matter to catch them in this way. I have
caught a good many this way. Of course
In the Spring and when insectivorous birds
are about it is wiser to keep your trap out
of commission, as these birds are very val¬
uable, but during Fall and Winter you can
catch a good many hawks, thereby decreas¬
ing the number. I do not claim this to be
any patent of mine and hope that any read¬
ers of The R. Y. N. who are troubled with
these pests will set one up, even if only as
an experiment. J. D.
Middlesex Co., N. J.
Begin in a Small Way.
In spite of repeated warnings, a great
many people are being taken in by the wide¬
spread advertising of many of the new “sys¬
tems” of poultry keeping, with their catchy
promises of enormous profits, and will rush
into the business this Spring, only to be
grievously disappointed later on. It seems
that inexperienced people can easily be in¬
duced to believe that the raising of poultry
requires no preparation, and that anyone
may go into it and raise hundreds of chick¬
ens and thousands of dollars, with very lit¬
tle labor or capital. As a consequence nine-
tenths at least of those who take up the
chicken business each year have the same
story of failure and disappointment to tell.
The" notion that poultry keeping must be
commenced on a large scale, with incubators
and brooders in order to be profitable is at
the bottom of most of these failures. If
every beginner would learn Nature’s way of
hatching with a few hens before attempting
to master the difficulties of the artificial
methods, there would be much money saved
and many more chickens raised. It is the
small poultry plant well managed that pays
the largest return upon the time and labor
and money invested.
wm. a. FISHER.
A Commuter's Hens. — I have found old-
fashioned wooden hoppers holding one-third
bag of oyster shells, one for same quantity
charcoal, one for wheat bran, one for cut
clover beat all the new-fangled contraptions.
It’s the eight-day clock versus the wind-
evory -24-hour kind. Supply fresh water
and sprouted oats daily. Wheat and oats
thrown on a sandy or fine gravel floor in
the morning and a pail of whole corn put in
at night to be removed when stock has
eaten enough and go back to roost. I use
coarse sifted beef scraps, sweet and of light
brown color, and somewhat oily when taken
in hand. High protein scraps recommended
by experiment stations my fowls do not
relish. I am through with buying the fine
powdered article which is wasted by the
hens in hunting for the large pieces, and
no more of the brands with that pungent,
obnoxious, fertilizer odor. I have abun¬
dance of eggs throughout the year, though
giving week days but a few minutes’ at¬
tention night and morning. A commuter
can get good results and still catch his train.
Special rations and mashes never appealed
to me. If bought mixed we are not sure
of what is being fed, and if we mix it our¬
selves there is considerable extra work,
which to my mind is without corresponding
benefit. My stock live, thrive, produce and
cackle merrily in the open-front-no-yard
house the year round. f. h. p.
Open 'Front Houses. — nave any of your
readers had any experience with open-air
poultry houses having other than south or
southeast exposures? I have a strip of land
20x100, upon which I would like to erect
a Winter laying house 65 feet long and a
35-foot brooder house, the front facing
southwest. I would prefer a curtain front,
no glass house for the layers, but in all
descriptions I have read a southerly or
southeast exposure is recommended. Would
a southeast exposure be a serious defect
for such houses, and if so, what style of
house would you recommend? With a south¬
west exposure the houses would be flooded
with sunlight all day after about 9 :30 a.
m. in Winter. Prevailing winds are from
the west at. this season of the year.
New Jersey. John beet.
R. N.-Y. — Let us hear from experienced
hen men.
Cracklings for Hens
I try out the oil from beef fat and have
quite an amount of cracklings left. These
cracklings are valuable for chicken food :
can you tell me if they would be more valu¬
able for fertilizer? I have a farm that is
somewhat run down and want to fertilize it
as much as possible. o. J. w.
New York.
These cracklings are better as poultry
food than as fertilizer. We should feed
them all. _ _
Litter for Hens.
What is the best litter to use for hens?
We have a number of hens that are crop
bound. They have grit, shells and charcoal
before them all the time, besides being on
a gravel floor. We uso oat straw for litter
and I think this is the trouble. w. a. b.
From choice we should use buckwheat
hulls. Dry forest leaves are good. We
use dry corn cobs crushed quite fine in the
feed grinder. We do not like long straw.
A Big Egg.
I would like to know what your poultry
writers think about an egg laid by an eight
months old pullet (Single Comb White Leg¬
horn) that weighed over four ounces and
measured 6y2 inches the small way and
814 inches the long way around. Can any
of you egg men beat it? It was laid about
the middle of January. B. w. b.
Port Jervis, N. Y.
R. N.-Y.— This will pass as “big egg” until
eome hen beats it and her owner reports.
Save the shell of that egg as evidence !
Removes
Shoe Boils
Sloan’s Liniment is the best remedy for
Spavin, Curb or Splint, Stiff Joints, Shqe
Boils, and any enlargement.
HERE’S PROOF.
Mr. Anthony (J. Hi yer, of Oakdale, Pa., R. F. D. 1,
writes : — “ Sloan’s l.iniment is the best made. I have
taken shoe boils off a horse with it as big as a water
bucket. I have killed a quarter crack on a mare that
was awfully bad. 1 also cured a sore neck on three
horses that were raw. I cured greeoe heel on a mare
that could hardly walk. I have told lot* of people
about it and they have used it.”
SLOANS
LINIMENT
At all dealers. Price, 50c. and $1.00. Send for free book
on care of stock. Dr.Alnrl S. Sloan, Boston, Muss.
Your FATHERS
uncles, older brothers and
MAYBE YOU
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Twenty Odd Years Ago
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Your 3 Meals Mean Less
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Just one money-saving idea, from the 1653 topics in these nine brand-
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Book No. 1
Tells how two men made
•'•8.41 per Hen p.r Y..r”
—explicit directions fol¬
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Gardner Corning, the ex¬
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all condensed into 61 pages.
Book No. 2
The man that owns, uses,
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needs“Hor». Secrets, "by
Professor A lexander, De¬
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Book No. 3
From amateur to expert,
and how you, too, can suc¬
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Book No. 4
One man sold a 810,000 cow
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"Half a Ton of Butter por
Cow por Year." Get it,
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Book No. 5
Michael K, Boyer knows
the poultry business from
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in gathering and testing
these "Poultry Secret,.”
They are worth hundreds
of dollars to you. 65 sub¬
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Book No. 6
“A good garden saves
doctor bills, drives away
the blues, sweetens the
home and puts gold in thy
purse”— 213 subjects cov¬
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Inimitably interesting and
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Book No. 7
"Corn Secrets," by Prof.
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belt authority. 143 impor¬
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illustrations. This is per¬
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corn manual written.
Book No. 8
Free courses in agricul¬
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Book No. 9
"The Curtiss Poultry
Book" covers 226 subjects,
written by a pioneer in
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indispensable formulas
for feed mixing.
Here are other folks’ experi¬
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These nine books, printed
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how others have raised poultry
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All these things and many more
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Get your set now; profit by all
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Why You Need
Farm Journal
Farm Journal is printed for those
who want to know about flowers
aud vegetables, poultry, dogs and
other pets, horses a'nd cows, crops,
good roads, building and odd jobs,
improvements around the place.
It has home doctoring hints, dress¬
making helps, ideas for an eve¬
ning’s fun, cookery suggestions—
why there isn’t anything worth
while it doesn’t have.
Farm Journal is the only paper of
its kind in the world. It helps the
amateur and the expert. It helps
the man or woman who cultivates
a square rod or a square mile.
Farm Journal believes in clean
fence rows, sharp tools, and the
101 little conveniences that go to
make a happy family. Take ad¬
vantage of this offer now.
What
Readers
Say:
EAST
Frank Wolfe, N. Y.— “Our
people have learned to
call Farm Journal, ‘the
monthly sunshine,’ ”
A. S. Austin, N. Y. — “Once
read, Farm Journal is
hard to do without.”
M. E. W. King, Del-
“The books came all right.
I like them and think I
shall learn a great deal
from the study of each
one.”
E. A. Nichols, Mass.— “I
received the Garden Book
and Almanac and am very
much pleased with them.”
Mrs. C. M. Spalding,
Conn. — “I have been an
appreciative reader of
Farm Journal for 25 years
and have a paid-up sub¬
scription for the next 16
years.”
WEST
F. J. Carrol, Ohio— “Let
me say that am most hap¬
pily disappointed in Farm
Journal. I expected to be
‘stung,’ but discover it to
be the only really helpful
paper for the farm that I
have vet seen.”
Mrs. Mary L. Perry. Ill.—
“More in one column than
most others in a whole
page.”
W. F. Hildebrecht, Ohio—
“I consider your paper so
valuable that my sub¬
scription is paid to Deo.
1917.”
NORTH
Robert I,. Haddock, Minn.
—“The October number
just received. I would
not take a dollar for it.”
S. Moore, Sask.— “Every
home in the West should
have Farm Journal.”
SOUTH
W. H. Panzer, Tenn.—
“Fivo farm papers come
to our home, but Farm
Journal is the best.”
Andrew J. Shipor, Va.—
“Farm Journal is not like
any other farm paper, but
far better and more inter¬
esting.”
James Trotter, Tenn. — “I
like Farm Journal for its
plain facts.”
How to Get the Three Books You Pick Out
Use the coupon or write a letter, enclosing a dollar bill or a money order or even stamps
(we take all the risk, remember)— and the 3 books you select will be shipped, fully prepaid
and your name entered for Farm Journal until January 1, 1913. If you care for only one
book, send only fifty cents—
you get all these splendidly
helpful issues of Farm Jour¬
nal in either case. You can
have all your money back,
if not satisfied. Additional
books, 20c each.
REWARD FOR PROMPTNESS
A copy of the latest revised 1911
edition of “Poor Richard’s Al¬
manac,” 48 pages, will be in¬
cluded with every $1 order — as
long as the Almanacs last.
Hurry your order along.
SPECIAL MONEY BACK COUPON
Farm Journal, 130 Clifton Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Enclosed is 81.00. Please send me books Nos . . .
and Farm Journal until January 1st, 1913 — also the Almanac if
1 am in time.
Name... _ _
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County. . State
AIR COOLED ENGINE
Some “NEW WAY” Features.
1. Cools perfectly by air only.
2. No water used— no water jacket.
3. Only one oiler to oil.
4. No packing— no pump.
5. No ignitor— no needle valve.
6. All working parts enclosed.
7. Five riston rings— ground cylinder.
8. Light weight— 110 vibration.
THi'MefcWacf'
AIR COOLED ENGINE
Is carefully designed and built
for all kinds of farm work
YOU CAN SAVE ON
1. Gasoline.
2. Engine oil.
3. Repairs.
4. Time and trouble with a
“ NEW WAY " AIR COOLED.
Ask for Catalog No. 5.
Tai:~NeirW&rMmR Commr
'Lansing. Michigan. U.S. A
140 SHERIDAN STREET
*\ A small, light, noiseless, ( cut gears make it
V noiseless) durable gasaline engine
> A small, light, noiseless, [cut gear
V noiseless) durable gasaline engine
t&V. for pumping water -
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The Big Little
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Absolutely self-contained — - you see it. all in picture — can
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1 Easy to start — easy to operate — easy to understand.
\Free Novo Engine Book Upon Request
Four Sizes r— Novo Jr. — 2%, 3A and 5 H. P.
C. E. BEMENT, HILDRETH MFG. CO.
Sec'y and Gen’l Mgr. JR, Willow St., Lansing, Mich
_
1911
THE RUR.AI* NEW-YORKER
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2m11s „H.°w to Make Silage”— “How to Feed
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inquiry. Extra discount for
early orders. Agents wanted.
THE UNADILLA SILO CO., Inc., Box B, Unadlila, N. T.
MILZL
New York exchange price $1.81 per 40-
quart can, netting 3% cents to shipper in
26-cent zone who have no additional sta¬
tion charges.
The sale is announced of the seven-
weeks old bull calf Aaggie Cornucopia to
W. M. Miner, of Chazy, N. Y., for $10,000.
The calf’s dam is the champion Aaggie
Cornucopia Pauline, sire Colantha Johanna
Lad, both owned by D. W. Field, of Brock¬
ton, Mass. Mr. Field paid $8,000 for Co¬
lantha Johanna Lad.
I am much interested in your “Milk”
column, as that is my business here. In
fac„ northeastern Ohio is adapted to dairy¬
ing more than anything else. Milk is be¬
ing contracted here by milkmen at 13 cents
fron. May 1 to October 1 and 15 cents
from October to May per gallon. It retails
for seven cents now and all our agreements
with milkmen are on six cents basis this
Summer, and if they keep it up to seven
cents retail this Summer tney pay us 15
cents, same as in Winter. Cream is only
65 cents for 24 per cent, so milk is the
most profitable here, although there is a
creamery in Conneaut that pays Elgin
prices for butter fat and gets quite a little
back from railroad wtiere it cannot be
handled every day. They run a wagon out
twice a week and collect it. All cows are
grades. Ilolsteins predominating, no pure¬
bred cattle here at all. Fresh cows high,
$40 to $75, according to quality, r. h. t.
Ashtabula Co., O.
The supply of milk for the Boston mar¬
ket is very short, the present Winter, some
cars only carrying half a load. In this
vicinity several large dairies are selling
out their cows, some at auction, others at
private sale. At one auction several cows
sold for between $80 and $90. Heifers to
drop first calf in two to four months sold
around $40 each, and some even better.
Most of these people have not sold their
places, but are going to drop the milk pro¬
ducing business for a time, or until the
situation looks better. They will sell hay
chiefly for a year or two, and raise chickens
and pigs to some extent. Hay at one of
these sales brought $18 per ton in the
barn, and as there was supposed to be about
50 tons, this made quite a handsome fig¬
ure, probably more than it would have re¬
turned in milk, and far less trouble. The
contractors are finding all the fault they
can, and occasionally throwing off a dairy
to scare the rest. The Whitings, one of
the largest milk contracting firms in the
city, have purchased or leased the St. Al¬
bans creamery in Vermont. The territory
adjacent and contributory to this is very
large and is said to De able or can be
brought to produce about ten carloads of
milk a day, which, under the Whitings rule,
may be at any time needed, turned into the
Boston market. The Hoods have for some
time been getting more territory in northern
Vermont, New Hampshire and western
Maine. Everything seems to be working
to decrease the supply in Massachusetts.
Secretary Wilson in his annual report of
crops mentions milk, and states that in the
78 cities investigated by the Department,
the farmer receives scant 50 per cent of
the price paid by the consumer. From Bos¬
ton milk the farmer certainly does receive
a scant 50 per cent. Common milk sells
at 9 and 10 cents per quart, of which the
farmer receives from 4 to 4% cents on the
average, if he goes not get any cuts. Spe¬
cial milk sells at 12 and 15 cents. E. P.
DE LAVAL
an honest capacity
Cream Separator
All separators are rated at so many pounds
of whole-milk per hour.
DE LAYAL machines range in capacity from
1350 to 135 pounds of whole-
milk per hour, and the price
depends largely upon capacity.
We make the claim that
under any and all conditions
a DE LAYAL machine rated
at 450 pounds capacity will
skim as much whole-milk in
an hour as auy “would-be”
competitive machine rated at
600 pounds per hour, and we
have proved this statement so
often in actual contests, that it has come to be
an accepted fact by all well-informed dairymen.
Every DE LAYAL separator is tested for
capacity before it leaves the factory, and we
guarantee every machine to separate its full
rated capacity.
Before you buy a Cream Separator
See and try a DE LAVAL
Have one set up at your house and test it
alongside of any other machine you like for
capacity, cleanness of skimming and ease of
operation. We don’t ask you to buy a
DE LAVAL upon “claims.” We do ask you
to be sure and give it a trial before you
purchase any separator.
Catalog and full particulars of our “free trial
plan” gladly mailed upon application.
The Foley Milk Commission Bill.
Last week we referred to a bill at Al¬
bany to establish a milk commission. This
is Assembly bill 375, and was introduced
by Mr. Foley. From its title the bill pro¬
vides for the regulation and control of
dealers in milk, and has little if anything
to do with the producer. There are to be
three members of the commission appointed
by the Governor, by and with advice and
consent of the Senate. The Governor may
remove any commissioner for inefliciency,
neglect of duty or misconduct in oince.
The commission is to supervise the sale of
milk in the cities of the first class, which
means New York, Buffalo and -Rochester.
The commissioners to receive $5,000 per-
year, with actual expenses reimbursed. The
commission has power to call witnesses, to
compel them to testify, and can examine
the books and papers of anyone engaged
in the sale of milk. Their powers are
clearly defined as a general supervision of
all milk dealers and of present corporations
engaged in the business of buying, selling
or delivering milk or in the milk business
in the three cities named. The commission
can investigate and ascertain from time to
time the purity, quality, value and price of
milk. It has power to fix standards of
quality and purity. It also has power to
inquire into the values and price of milk
of the different standards, and can fix the
maximum price that can be asked or de¬
manded from consumers by any person or
persons selling milk in the three cities
named. It may inspect the property, build¬
ings or plants of any milk dealer or person
engaged in the production or sale of milk,
and examine all books and papers of per¬
sons thus engaged. It also has power to
issue licenses to milk dealers in the three
cities. Each milk dealer must pay to the
commission a fee of $25 as a license for one
year. The commission shall have power to
revoke or cancel any license for a viola¬
tion of the law. Complaints as to quality
and price of milk may be made in writing
by the mayor of the city, the president of
the board of aldermen or by a consumer,
aud the commission shall investigate such
complaints for cause. The bill provides
that any milk dealer, officer or agent who
fails or neglects to comply with an order
from the commission shall forfeit the sum
of $500. The bill is drawn in such a
way that the powers of the commission ap¬
pear to be well defined and strong. It
will be noticed, however, that the bill sim¬
ply refers to the price paid by .the con¬
sumer, and has apparently nothing to do
with the price which milk dealers are to
pay to the farmer for a fair quality of
milk. When the commission idea was first
suggested the strongest argument for it
was the suggestion that such a body should
have power to state not only the price to
be paid by the consumer but a fair price
to be paid to producer. While this bill ap¬
parently takes care of the consumer in
the three large cities, we do not see that
the milk farmer or the dairyman would
be any better off as the result of this
law, and in this seems to lie its weakness.
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
165-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
42 E. Madison Stroel
CHICACO
Drumm & Sacramento Sis.
SAN FRANCISCO
173-177 William Straat
MONTREAL
14 a 16 Prfncesa Street
WINNIPEG
IOI6 Western Avenue
SEATTLE
GREEN MOUNTAIN
SILOS
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative If you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
..CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.,
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
m ROSS SILO
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on tho market. Full length stave.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped witn extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes winter feed equal to June
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
■Will save you money. Agonts wanted.
The E. W. lioss Co.(Est.l850)
’ ** Si'KI.NU FIELD. OHIO
AJAX FLAKES
The World's Record Feed
Is the Greatest Milk Producer and Most
Economical Dairy Feed on the Market.
The Facts About Ajax Flakes are ; —
It holds the highest digestible analysis of all feeds.
It contains 31 per cent protein and 11 per cent fat.
It surpasses all other feeds in food value.
It holds more World’s records for production of milk
and butterfat than any other feed.
What AJAX has done for hundreds of others, it
will do for you.
Write for booklet and full particulars.
CHAPIN & CO., Dept A, Buffalo, N. Y.
252
THE RURAE NEW-YORKEK
February 25.
A MINER AND HIS FARM.
He Digs Out a Home.
Part II.
At the time I made the raid on that
sale I had bought a mowing machine
and hay rake, for I had seen on other
farms the tall Timothy and clover fall¬
ing over as the machine went through
it. Alas! where was mine? I failed to
locate it. This farm had been rented
for a number of years, and there was
not enough grass on it to feed a goat.
It was then too late to plant anything
for the next year as far as I knew, but
all good things come to him who waits
and keeps his wits about him. I had
the porn worked, the potatoes dug and
sold, all but a few, enough for us. A
man came here in August to buy a horse
and a mowing machine. I suddenly
remembered that I had a note to meet
in a couple of months, $162.30. I still
had the mortgage with interest, but like
Marlborough, I held it like he did his
cavalry, in reserve, to fall back on. We
dickered on the horse awhile, but the
machine and rake I gave him at his own
price. I realized a profit of $41 on the
outfit, beside the use of the horse; the
others I had no use for at that time. I
then went and settled my note of the
sale. A cow came fresh ; I sold her
then, paying my $60 interest and still
had two cows, chickens and 10 little
pigs beside the four old ones. The corn
I got in and put into an old crib which
was set on the ground. What a nice
lot of corn I had, never had so much
since, but I had reckoned without my
host, for I had a few rats, and in a
short time I think I had a million. I
trapped some and poisoned some until
the stench in and around that crip was
abominable. Another grand job I had
to finish up my first year. I had no hay,
but had lots of fodder, very large fod¬
der at that. I fed that in the barn, and
such a job cleaning out that old stable.
I was still working, and am yet, in the
mine, so the next February I bought
another horse and built a sled and un¬
dertook to haul the manure; stalks 10
and 12 feet in length and frozen at
that. At that time I had learned a
little through the hard school of ex¬
perience, and was also a subscriber to
The R. N.-Y. The next year I planted
100 peach trees, 20 apples, 20 plums and
25 cherries, and planted three acres of
corn. In the corn that year I planted
Red and Alsike clover and cut the stalks
close to the ground. Some people say
it is too hard on the back, but I am
used to bending, and it pays me. I mow
it the next Summer and have done it
every year since, and never failed to
get a good catch. Last year I planted
in the orchard corn and Cow-horn tur¬
nips. They are there yet, and will be
as good as a coat of manure. I also
have one-quarter acre of Alfalfa grow¬
ing, and it looks good. It was planted
in the corn in July. I also have use
for a mowing machine now, which I al¬
ways use early ; I have far more hay
than I need for my own use, but I am
farming only what little I can of this
yet. The boy is only 11 years old, but
I am getting what I do farm in very
good shape. I also fenced the place,
line fences and all, since I came here,
and built a side to the barn. The piece
I built is 26x18, two stories ; new corn-
crib, rat-proof, wagon shed and poultry
house.
I learned how to graft and have
grafted 65 trees, Baldwin and Northern
Spy mostly, and planted 350 more
peaches and other kind of fruit, and if I
live am not done yet. The peaches I
planted last Spring, 100 in a block. They
were all cultivated in sweet corn ; in
July I mulched four rows out of the
eight rows planted with great piles of
weeds. It was wonderful to see those
trees grow, and the foliage on them was
beautiful dark green. As to the poultry
business, we have tried different ways.
but concluded to sell all ours in early
Fall except about 40, as we never got
many Winter eggs by keeping a good
many over. We keep one breed, the
Barred Rock. We have a good market
here for the chickens as well as eggs. I
burned that mortgage on this place and
we all enjoy very good health on the
farm and like it, but at one time you
could have had this place for a song.
My advice in going on a farm is to go
slow; take one or two things at a time
and do them well. Keep a few things
and keep them well ; keep only the best
of what few you do keep. I have had
cow boarders and scrub hogs and hens ;
they do not pay, though I do not keep
much stock over Winter. I buy year¬
lings and pasture others; if a good
looking one takes my fancy or I know
how she was bred I breed her; if desir¬
able she is kept, if not she is for sale.
Scrub hogs I would not have as a gift.
I admit I was very green when I came
here, and am green as a farmer yet. I
generally profit by my mistakes. I have
also subscribed for eight different papers
since I have been here ; that is, papers
pertaining to the farm and fruit. I am
now a subscriber to only two, a farm
monthly and The R. N.-Y., and giving
them all a fair square deal as I see them.
I would not give The R. N.-Y. for all
the rest that I have read. That was
my reason for sticking to the best as I
saw it, that being my policy with every¬
thing else. Here’s hoping all the new
farmers will not make as many blunders
as I did the first year, and happy greet¬
ings to the Hope Farm man and his
family, and success to the achievements
and the policy of The R. N.-Y.
Pennsylvania. D. w.
Customer (glaring at him) : “I find a
piece of ham in this apple pie !” Clerk
(at lunch counter, loftily) : “Yes, sir.
If you wish something that hasn’t got
any ham in it, sir, I can recommend
our ham sandwiches, sir. — Melbourne
Leader.
Caller (trying to be complimentary) :
“I notice one interesting thing about
your little boy. He is ambidextrous.”
Mrs. Struckoyle (with a frosty gleam
in her eye) : “Not at all, Mr. High-
some. His legs are just as straight as
anybody’s.” — Credit Lost.
DON'T PAY ANYBODY—
—MORE THAN WE ASK
Guaranteed Results — Long Free Trial
DAN PATCH \>\
Lightest Draft Spreader on the Market, J
Cost in Horse Flesh in Six Months.
ABSOLUTE UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION
Start right here with a postal to me and inves¬
tigate my 1911 Dan Patch Spreader— low factory
prices — exclusive features and longest free trial
proposition on time or for cash. Write the others,
too, if you wish. I’ll take all risks. First a
Postal Gets My Two Big books and My
Barnyard Gold” Catalogue.
You consider and compare from large photo¬
graph color illustrations all the actual practical
points— of my spreader (side by side in books or
on my free trial on your place.) Send me no money
if you say so. You decide. Write M. W. Savage,
President.
THE M. W. SAVAGE FACTORIES, Ino.,
Dept. 141 Minneapolis, Minn.
PH Save Yeas $50
On a Manure Spreader
You’U Let Me -n
This is just a little ad— but a postal will bring my Bio
Book — and give you my $50.00 Saving Price and Special
Proposition. You can save as much answering this little ad¬
vertisement as if it coveted a page.
My Spreader positively will do better work and last longer
than any Spreader made — no mat.
ter what the price— so why
more? 40,000 larme.s
stamped their O. K. on
my spreader and
saving price. My
Proposition will interest you
Just a postal addressed to Gal¬
loway of Waterloo, Iowa,
bring you everything postpaid,
Will You Ray a Penny For
Tho Postal and Save 850.00?
Address Wm. Calloway, Pres.
W M. CALLOWAY CO.
669 Cellowsy Sta. Waterloo, la.
Freight
Paid
CAHOON SEED
Saves buying expensive drills. Most
perfect broadcastsowerforall grain
and grass seed. Accurate, simple,
durable. Made of steel, iron and brass. Lasts a life time.
Saves time, saves seed and gives bigger crops.
Highest priced sower made, but pays for itself many times yearly. If
your dealer cannot supply you, we will deliver the Cahoon to any
express office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of $4. Send for
“Seed Sowers’ Manual;” tells howto produce bigger crops with
less seed. It’s Free.
GOODELl CO., 14 MfilN St , ANTRIM. NEW HAMPSHIRE.
The Man Behind the Plow
Wants a Good Fertilizer
For the land’s sake
give him BOWKER’S
Plowing1 is hard work. Don’t afterward lose its
benefits by using- a poor fertilizer. Since g-ood hard
labor is necessary to get the land ready, it would be
a pity to have the crop fail to yield its best at harvest
time through any lack of fertility.
Forty years of experience, prompt service, the
best materials, the best facilities are behind every
bag of Bowker’s Fertilizer. We have a brand to fit
every crop and every pocket book.
We want agents wherever we are not now represented.
Write today for prices and terms ; this may mean a good
business for you if you act at once.
Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue and calendar.
We want you to know Bowker’s before you buy your spring
fertilizer.
FERTILIZER COMPANY,
77 Lyman St., Buffalo, N.Y.
BOWKER
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers.
eanJbl
•aSSMed
“Pittsburgh Perfect”
Wire Fencing is best all through.
The wire is drawn from a special quality of open
THE BEST hearth material — tough, pliable, strong, long lived
WIRE like old-time iron wire. It is the finest fencing
wire possible to manufacture.
Galvanizing Heavily galvanized by our own new and perfect
Perfect process, the wire is positively moisture-proof.
The fact that
All Stay Wires and Line Wires are Electrically Welded
not only eliminates the weakening and THE WELD
moisture - gathering wraps, clamps
and ties, but practically transforms
the fence into one piece of perfor-
Steel*
Sectional view — Amalgamation perfect No *eam
No Waste Wire There is no waste wire to make useless weight;
instead, heavier wire is used and all the weight
NoWasteWeight is fence . Stay wires being of the same size as
line wires, the
“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence is the Strongest in the World
EVERY ROD GUARANTEED PERFECT
Catalogue showing 73 different styles and sizes, adapted to every purpose — FIELD,
FARM, RANCH, LAWN, POULTRY — Sent free on request. Sold by dealers everywhere
PITTSBURGH STEEL CO.
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Makers of
“Pittsburgh PERFECT” brands of Barbed Wire, bright, annealed
and galvanized Wire, Fence Staples, standard Wire Nails and
“Pittsburgh PERFECT” Fencing.
1911
STI-IE RURAL NEW-YORKER
233
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this headi gite endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘ protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugaiv etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, wuile “fat” is the pnre oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A ‘‘narrow ration” means one tn which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
—a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbonydratis.
Rations for Dry Cow and Heifer.
1. IIow should I feed a. cow that Is dry¬
ing up? 2. How should I feed a heifer
with first calf before she is due? The
farmers around here say I am feeding too
heavily ; I should not give grain, only hay
and cornstalks.
1. It is impossible for anyone to lay
down hard and fast rules for feeding
any kind of live stock, as so much de¬
pends on the condition the animals are
in. If your cow that is just drying off
is in fairly good condition and coming
fresh again in about two months, which
is the proper time for a cow to go dry,
I would not advise feeding any grain
until dry. Then start feeding her from
three to five pounds of ground oats and
wheat bran mixed with a little oil
meal, the quantity fed depending
upon the condition she is in. 2. I
would feed the heifer with first calf
before she is due about the same. If
she is fat do not give her much grain,
but be sure to keep her well nourished
and in a thriving condition at the time
of freshening. Be very careful not to
feed any heavy concentrated food like
commeal, gluten or cotton seed before
she freshens, or within two weeks there¬
after, as it is very likely to cause trou¬
ble. C. S. G.
Grain With Timothy.
Could you give me a balanced ration from
the following feeds: Timothy hay three
times a day for roughage. I have corn
on cob, oats and buckwheat, home grown.
The following I can buy : Gluten, $30 per
ton ; old process oil meal, $38 ; cotton-seed
meal, $36 ; wheat bran, $25. g. o.
Pennsylvania.
Here is a balanced ration compounded
from the .feeding stuffs mentioned which
ought to give you good satisfaction :
Dry
matter
15 lbs. Timothy hay. 13. 00
3 lbs. corn and cob
meal . 2.55
8 lbs. ground oats. 2.67
2 lbs. cotton-seed
meal . 1.84
2 lbs. O. P. oil meal 1.82
2 lbs. gluten feed . 1.8
Digestible
Pro- Carb.
tein
.42
.132
.276
.744
.586
.464
and fat
6.975
1.995
1.704
.888
.197
1.398
23.75
Nutritive ratio 1 :5.3.
2.622 13.93
I have not included any buckwheat
in this ration, as it would be better to
sell it if you can, and buy feeds contain¬
ing a higher percentage of protein. If
you cannot make this change you can
grind your buckwheat and add it to the
ration in small quantities. You will find
the greatest objection to this ration is
that you have nothing but Timothy hay
for roughage, and there is not much
profit in the production of milk with this
quality of hay. In order to overcome
this objection with the least expense,
using the feeds you can buy, the grain
ration is necessarily made very heavy.
Cows, as a rule, seem to prefer a mor6
bulky mixture, and it has a better ef¬
fect on their digestion. It would there¬
fore make a better ration to use four
pounds of wheat bran in place of the
two pounds of gluten feed, but the extra
cost would probably make this change
undesirable. If you could get dry brew¬
ers’ or distillers’ grains for about half
of the ration instead of using so much
heavy feed like gluten and cotton seed
you would have a better and safer ra¬
tion to use. If you have a good supply
of corn and cob meal and oats which
you want to feed out, you could use
these feeds in a little larger proportion
than that shown in the ration, c. s. G.
The analysis of your present ration
follows :
Digestible
Dry Pro- Carb.
matter tein and fat
20 lbs. mixed hay .17.42 .844 9.25
3 lbs. wheat feed . 2.64 .o75 1.59
2 lbs. gluten feed. 1.80 .464 1.378
1 lb. cotton-seed
meal . 92 .3.2 .444
1 lb. cornmeal . 89 .079 .764
23.67
Nutritive ratio 1 :6.3.
2.134 13.449
A Defective Ration.
I have 18 grade Holsteins ; some are fresh
now and the remainder are to freshen soon.
I am feeding as a grain ration three pounds
wheat feed, 2 pounds gluten feed, one pound
cotton-seed meal, one pound cornmeal per
cow a day, with all the good clean meadow
hay they will eat up clean three times a
day. They are watered twice daily and
salted about a tablespoonful in the grain
twice a day. Could I improve on that ra¬
tion? Would corn and oats ground to¬
gether half and half be better than the
cotton-seed, or could I improve by the use
of some other grain? The wheat feed costs
$27 per ton ; cornmeal, $23 ; gluten, $28 ;
cotton-seed, $34; corn and oats, $27.
New York. a. b. s.
You will see that this ration is seri¬
ously deficient in protein, the proper
amount being 2.5 pounds, while you only
have 2.13 pounds. I would advise feed¬
ing some good dry distillers’ grain like
Ajax flakes or Biles XXXX in place
of the wheat feed you use now. If your
dealer does not keep anything of this
kind that he can sell at $33 or $34 per
ton, several neighbors could club to¬
gether and get a carload for less. By
making this change you would have a
balanced ration at an extra cost of only
nine-tenths of a cent per day for each
cow. Here is the analysis of the ra¬
tion changed as suggested :
Digestible
20
lbs. mixed hay
Dry
matter
. .17.42
Pro¬
tein
.844
Carb.
and fat
9.25
3
lbs. dry distiller’s
grains . 2.76
.744
1.659
2
lbs. gluten feed
. . 1.80
.464
1.398
1
lb. cotton-seed
meal .
. . .92
.372
.444
1
lb. cornmeal .
. .. .89
.079
.764
23.79
2.503
13.512
Nutritive ratio.
1 :5.4.
As you have no succulent feed in this
ration, I would also suggest that you
add about two pounds dried beet pulp
to the ration for each cow, as the re¬
turns in milk should more than pay the
cost of this extra feed. c. s. G.
A SHARPLES
Dairy Tubular,
The World's Best
Cream Separator,
Put Into Your Home
for thorough trial without expense of any kind
to you. Wears a lifetime. Guaranteed forever
by America’s oldest and world's biggest cream
separator concern. We can make this guarantee
because the Tubular is later than and different
from all others. Contains no disks or other
complicated, hard-to-wash, quick-to-
wear contraptions. Produces double
skimming force, skims twice as clean
as others. Absolutely self oiling.
Has neither oil holes, tubes nor cups.
Has light bowl hung from single,
frictionless ba'l bearing. Has done
many years' work
all over world
without repairs.
Can you wisely
risk anything on
“mail order” or
other (so cal'ed)
cheap machines,
t h a t last
about one
year, when
our local
re presenta-
tive will put a
wear - a - life¬
time Tubular
inyourhome
forfreetrial?
Write for
catalogue
No. 153.
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can., Winnipeg, Can.
WHEELBARROW LABOR
Sows evenly. No need SEED
to wait for quiet, (lay.
Sows Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Millet, Turnip, etc.
Two sizes: H ft. and 10 ft. Auger feed. Wood frame. Satii-
faction guaranteed. Prompt shipment. If your dealer
doesnot handle the “STAR” write us for booklet.
STAR SEEDER CO., Box R, Shortsville, N. Y.
Make Boy’s Work
of Plowing
Any boy who can drive can plow with
WINNER PLOW TRUCKS
because they hold the plow. No need to use your
hands at all, uot even in turning. They take
L.l tae siav.o.-ness out of
plowing. No more jerking
or lame backs. Easier on
horses, too. Draft is actually
less because all weight is car-
ied on wheels Instead of drag¬
ging on plow bottoms. Make
straight furrows, lay
them nicer, regulate
depth and width. Fit
any plow beam, steel or
wood. 1 > Days Freo
Trial. Money cheerfully
"refunded if not satisfactory. Free cata¬
log gives all information. Write for it.
L. R. LEWIS, Box F, CorFand, N. Y.
Price
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
J»'/( || ^
f 'S'tfi rv»* -
*'.W-
RUMINATING ANIMALS
Cattle, Sheep And Goats
have four stomachs and
cannot be benefitted by
medicinal elements so bene¬
ficial to the horse, hog, etc.
who have but one stomach.
FAIRFIELD’S BLOOD TONIC
AND MILK PRODUCER
A Scientific’’ Conditioner
specially compounded for the
cow and all cud-chewing ani¬
mals. _ By . perfecting the
digestion it increases and en¬
riches the milk supply, re¬
moves all garlic taint and pre¬
vents and cures all forms of
disease.
A Separate Preparation For
Each Kind Of Animal
because the digestive organs
of our domestic animals differ
as greatly as their use and
purpose.
FAIRFIELD’S
Blood Tonic And Milk Producer
For Cattle Only.
Blood Tonic And Egg Producer
For Poultry Only,
Blood Tonic And Regulator
For Horses Only.
Blood Tonic And Fattener
For Hogs only.
Sold under guarantee
Ask your dealer for them.
FREE — Our “Scientific Stock Book”
W orth $1. 00 bu t sent free for name
of this paper and your dealer.
Fairlield Manufacturing Company
505 South Delaware Ave.,
Philadelphia.
A farm and household necessity —
Fairfield’s Lice Killer, insect destroy¬
er, germicide and disinfectant.
HYDRATED LIME
in paper sacks, car-lots, for $7.50 per ton. Lime
Screenings in bulk, from best grade of burnt lime,
$5.00 per ton, f.o. b. cars any point between Buffalo
and New York on the main lines of the N. Y. Cen¬
tral, Erie, D., L. & W., Penna., Lehigh, N. Y.t O. &
W. and O. R. R. of N. J. Order early before the
great demand sets in and delays shipments.
Address J. W. BALLARD CO., : : BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
When You Buy a
Gearless Hay Loader
Your expense is practically at an end.
When you buy a Loader with gears, chains,
sprockets, springs, etc., your expense for re¬
pairs and lost time commences.
The GEARLESS is so simple mechanically
that it will operat e season after season with¬
out losing an hour’s time, and the expense for
repairs is practically nothing.
The reason that more GPIARLESS HAY
LOADERS are sold than any other is that
they have been used under the most trying
conditions in all parts of the country and have
proven themselves equal to any emergency.
The lightest draft.fhighest Loaders, simplest
mechanically, least time lost for repairs, and
will outlast two or three of other makes.
BOOKLET FREE
Let us send you our Free Booklet on Hay
Loaders. You will find it full of interesting
Hay Loader facts. W rite for it today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET. CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL.
AMERICAN
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
with metal fence posts have
developed this post. It is
now thoroughly practical, fill¬
ing every requirement on the
farm, in the town, for rail¬
roads and wherever fence posts
are used.
Made of tough steel, heavily
zinc coated. Durability
proven by us — ten years’ ac¬
tual use showing good as new.
Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
for it.
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 6 Wire Co.
Chicago
mm U5 Adams Street
Denver :
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
New York:
30 Church Street
San Francisco :
16th and Folsom Sts.
Pull Your Stumps; 30 Days
FREE
. 400 SS
^Stronger
Than
Others
At Our
Risk—
Jg£!
|j|5Cs3g=-
Guaranteed 3 Years
Triple-Power— All-Steel
Clear up your stumpy fields with the 3-year
Guaranteed Hercules, now sold on 30 days’
Free Trial. Test it on your place at our risk.
Pulls stumps out, roots and all. 400&
stronger than any other puller made. Triple
power attachment means one-third greater
pull. The only stump puller guaranteed for
3 years. Only one with Double Safety
Ratchets. Only one with all bearings and
working parts turned, finished and machined,
reducing friction, increasing power, making
it extremely light running. Hitch on to any
stump and the stump is bound to come.
Also pulls largest-sized green trees, hedge¬
rows, etc. Don’t risk dangerous and costly
dynamite. It only shatters stump and
leaves roots in ground.
Special Price Offer
We have a special price proposition to the
first man we sell to in now sections. We
are glad to make you a special price on the
first Hercules sold in your community be¬
cause that will sell many more for us
and save advertising. Write us at once
to get this.
HERCULES Puller
Just write a postal for our special price— 30 days’ Free Trial and all FREE BOOKS
ahout the only All-Steel, Triple-Power Stump Puller-the Famous Hercules.
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO., 13017th St., Centerville, la.
264
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
February 25.
PUBLISHER’S DESK
Do you consider H. Atlas, of 314%
Greenwich street, reliable? I could not do
without your paper. The Egg Producers
Co. tried hard to get me to ship them
poultry, offering me a big price per pound,
here at Milan, but your “Publisher’s Desk”
notes saved me. L. a. h.
Pennsylvania.
We find no rating for Mr. Atlas and
suggest caution and statement of re¬
sponsibility. Of course, the Egg Pro¬
ducers’ Company could promise big
prices. Promises are cheap. Such
companies get shipments by promising
more than is offered by houses which
pay. Some of our readers took chances
on this concern after our caution, and
had cause to regret it afterwards.
Will you look over the the inclosed book¬
let of the American Investment Association,
Minneapolis, Minn., and tell mo what you
think about it? I have farm property for
sale, but if this outfit is on the Darbyshire
and Ostrander order I want to know about
it before I bite. I saw their advertisement
in the Country Gentleman. ' s. K.
New York.
Your suspicions that this is the old
Ostrander and Darbyshire game are
well founded. You put up a fee in ad¬
vance and get promises in return. It is
time enough to pay an agent for selling
a farm when he has made the sale.
This advance fee business consists more
in working for the fee than in trying to
make a sale. We have no evidence that
they make any serious attempt to sell
property.
What do you know about the Mechanics
Building Association, P. O. Box 654, Tren¬
ton, N. J.? Wm. H. Miers is secretary.
I have subscribed for two shares of then-
stock at $50 per share, paying $1 per
month. I have paid $50, but they never
sent out any report, and when I asked
for information I don’t get any reply. I
have asked them to send me a certificate
for the one share of stock already paid for,
and cancel my subscription, but this they
refused to do. c. H. b.
New Jersey
We have been unable to find any in¬
formation that would justify an invest¬
ment in this stock, and we are not very
much surprised that they refuse the
reasonable request asked by this con¬
tributor. We do’ not know what. the ex¬
act contract is, but it is possible that
they are technically within their rights
in the refusal, but, to say the least, the
situation is not a very strong encourage¬
ment for further investments. We ad¬
vise caution subscribing for stocks or
bonds. First find out what security
you get for your money. Too often
there is no security at all.
On June 26 las-t I had an order for
two crates of eggs at 21 cents per dozen
F. O. B. your station from M. .T. Kennedy,
of 577 Grove street, Jersey City, N. J. I
made the shipment on June 29. I have
sent bills since in request tor settlement
but can get no reply. See if you can lo¬
cate the party. • c- R- H*
Maryland.
We have made several attempts to
make this collection, but have failed.
The amount was $12.60. Mr. Kennedy
has no rating in the sources of infor¬
mation open to us, and neglects to make
reply to any demands on him for set¬
tlement. He would not appear to be a
very desirable customer for eggs.
Will you tell me through “Publisher’s
Desk” what an “Interim Receipt” is.
Maine. H- c- R-
Only two instances of the use of “In¬
terim Receipts’’ ever came to out notice.
Joseph G. Robin, the bank wrecker and
general promoter, who is now under
indictment, is reported to have used
these receipts to kite securities from one
bank or account into another. The
other instance is the more famous use
made of them by E. G. Lewis. Country
people, who held notes and bonds and
other certificates of his, were requested
to send them in and state whether they
wanted another stock or cash. In either
case, those who sent them in got an “In¬
terim Receipt,” but no cash. An interim
is rather an indifferent term, and may
mean months, years or centuries. It
does not hold the party issuing it to any
definite time for doing anything, but in
the Lewis case it is only a brazen and
impudent expression of a general policy.
The first event is when he makes a
promise or agreement. The fulfillment
of the promise would naturally be the
next event and the time between the
interim. He wants his own sweet time
for the last event. It is rather a com¬
fortable sort of an arrangement for him.
I enjoy very much reading The R. N.-Y.,
and have taken particular interest in your
“Publisher’s Desk” column and advice to
correspondents in regard to investments.
It seems almost incredible that a man or
woman of average intelligence would ever
consider investing hard-earned money in
some of the schemes they write to you
about In this connection the thought has
come to me : Why wouldn’t it be feasible
to reverse the operation bf the plan, and
for the farmer to ask for capital from
those living in town or city who have a
surplus — with this important difference —
give them a square deal? It would be a
kindness to them, as many of them would
“invest" in some of these “fakes.” (I be¬
lieve there are as many town and city
fol-is who lose money in fake schemes as
there are farmers.) There is no copyright
on the idea, so anyone is free to use it.
New York City. c. h. h.
It is the easiest thing in the world to
see how foolish an investment was after
one had made it; but few of us escape
buying a gold brick some time in our
lives. I had some experiences of my
own along that line, and have a fellow
feeling for the other fellow- who was
caught napping. Intelligent people some¬
times bite on a barbed hook. But our
city friend has it right. City people
lose on fake schemes even more than
country people, but probably feel the
loss less. Not that they have any more
wealth, but because real cash is plenti¬
ful in the city. These fakes and dis¬
honest investments are really the great¬
est curse of both city and country. If
securities represented honest value and
paid fair and regular dividends, the com¬
mon people of city and country would
finance double our present public utili¬
ties. If some one would make sure and
certain the “square deal” the rest would
be easy. j. j. d.
nRDIWfiTnWQ-Buff- Black and White Co<-k-
UnrmUIUIlO erels. Black Pullets, standard
bred. Prices right. R. M. Morrison, Lyme, N.H.
DAY-OLD CHICKS— S. C. W. Leghorns,_fl2
per 100; S. C. R. I. Reds, $15 per 100. Hatching
eggs, exhibition and utility. THE WINONA
FARMS, Drawer 272, Lansdale, Pa.
HONE’S “BRED TO LAY” R. C. REDS and MAMMOTH
BRONZE TURKEYS win at Schenectady, 1911, 1st and
3rd hen; 2nd and 3rd pullet; 2nd and 3rd cock¬
erel; 1st Bronze Tom, and 3rd pullet. A prize for
every bird exhibited. Eggs from choice matings
at reasonable prices. Satisfaction guaranteed. D. R.
HONE, Crescent Hill Farm, Sharon Springs, N. Y.
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys
For Sale. Fifteen 1910 hatched Toms, 20 to 30 lbs.;
thirty 1910 hatched hens, 14 to 18 lbs.
HICKORY ISLAND FARM, Clayton, N. Y.
Kean’s While Wyandottes.
Bred for large size, heavy laying, vigor and fancy
purposes Eggs. $10 per 100. $5 per 46, $2 per 16.
A few choice Pullets yet to sell.
E. FRANKLIN KEAN, STANLEY, N. Y.
Alicjin’c S. C. R. I. REDS— 200-egg strain. Eggs,
AUollll 0 $1.60 per setting. Prices on quantities.
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor, N. H.
PI A AIT DDnW7C TURKEY EGGS, $3.00 per
UIAI'II DnUllLL 10; Rose Comb R. I. Red
Eggs, $1.00 per 15; Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1.00
per 10. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
H. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
Davis S. C. Reds 3ST COCKERELS
$3 and $5 each. EGGS FOR HATCHING.
BABY CHICKS— $15 and $20 per 100 after March 1.
BOOK ORDERS NOW. Davis Poultry Farm, Berlin, Mass.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS— Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds a specialty. Quality kind at
right prices. Famous Lakewood strain.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N. J.
TESTED EGGS FOR HATCHING
White Wyandottes, Dustin strain, 50, $5.00; 100, $8.00
FKANK HYDE, Peekskill, N. Y.
Indian Runner Ducks_i”,“i.T»A“K:
Eggs, $1.50 per 13; $8.00 per 100. F. J. FULLER,
Waterport, Orleans County. New York.
I WAVS S. C, W. LEGHORN
Breeding Hens at low price to make room. Also
promising cockerels cheap in quant ities. Also H I.
Beds. Eggs for hatching. St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.J.
White Holland Turkeys
can Guineas
and Duston’s White Wyandotte Chickens. Walnut
Hill Stock Farm, N. Bacon, Mgr., Talcott, W. Ya.
r’OPK’PPPT Q— Prize - Winning Breeding
LVJLIVEIvELij Stock— Black Orpingtons
and Minorcas. QU0QUETAUG FARMS, Old Mystic, Conn.
FMPIRE STATE S, C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios,
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, Weedsport, N. Y.
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS
Baby Chicks*
EGGS for Hatch-
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm !”.fpes ^ '.Address
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, -:- Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
Eggs For Hatching
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock —
utility, show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties
Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1 ; 40. $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
VALENTINE’S Reliable “Indian Runner Duck Book,”
50c. C. S. Valentine, Box 3, Ridgewood, N. J.
n n EGGS $) .00 — Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
ZU try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
THE FARMER'S FOWL-Rose Comb Reds, best winter
I layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
WHITE WYANDOTTES and Indian “Genuine Fawn” Runner
Ducks. Grand Win and Lay Strains. Stock and
Eggs at lionest prices. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Write 0WNLAND FARM. Box 497, South Hammond, N. Y.
WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
for 100. Baby Cliix, $12.50 for 100; $7.00for50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHUR.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $7 up.
Chicks. $15 per 100 Dncklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery guaranteed. Satis¬
faction. CARL W. LLOYD, Mgr., HILLSIDE,
Westchester County, N. Y.
THE SU
Ffhe Kind of|
Incubator '
Government
Farmer’s Bulletin No. 236 on Incubation and
Incubators, issued by the U. S. Dept, of Agriculture describes a
perfect incubator. In so doing it describes the SURE HATCH as
faithfully as though the writer had a SURE HATCH INCUBATOR stand¬
ing before him as he wrote. Read what he says:
"The body should be mounted on strong legs."
"The top should be smooth and unincumbered."
"No machine is complete without nursery and chick tray."
‘‘Best regulator is double disc."
"Body should be of unshrinkable material."
"Walls must be air tight and have dead air space between."
"Must have double doors perfectly fitted.”
The SURE HATCH is the only incubator having every feature required in a perfect incubator.
Double redwood walls with dead air space between; dependable hot water heating system,
sensitive, positive heat regulator and safe, steady lamp, are Sure Hatch features that are
not equalled in any other incubator. The
SURE, HATCH
cannot fail to
hatch all fertile
eggs. Insure
against disappointment by getting a SURE HATCH, the incubator that has
earned its reputation of hatching more healthy chicks than any other
incubator made. try A Sure Hatch 60 Days Free. We
guarantee satisfaction and pay the freight. Send today for our
^Free Sure Hatch Book containing valuable information.
Sure Hatch Incubator Co.,
Box 44 Z Fremont, Neb.
this ad.
“Hatching Facts” Free
Your address on a postal brings la¬
test edition of ‘ ‘Hatching Facts ”-/t
tells how to start right at least ex¬
pense; how Belle City won World’s
r Championship last season. Write to¬
day, but if in a hurry order direct from
J . V. Rohar *. Pres. Belle City Incubator Co •
.55 Buys Best
140-Egg Incubator
1 Doubleca8esallover;best copper
tank; nursery, self-regulating.
Best HO-chick hot-water brooder,
$4.85. Both ordered together,
$11.50. Freight prepaid (E. of
Rockies).
I No machines
I at any price
ere better. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for book today
©r send price now and save time.
Belle City Incubator Company, Box 48 RacIneJ WircouHO
ICC EGG mCUBATORDATU
iJJcniCK BROODER DU I II
1 CHICK BROODER
'Largest capacity, highest efficl
ency Incubator ever sold for so low
a price. Made of special beat and
cold resisting material with hun¬
dreds of dead air cells,
I coppertank, hot water
I heat. Order now— “Buy -
1 Back Guarantee’ protects you,
1 or send for “Progressive Method’
—tells all about it- FREE.
Progressive Incubator Co., Racine, WIs
G. O. Wheeler, Mgr. Box 145.
FOR
*11L5
I Freight
IPrepaid
. East of
Rockies
LIFE PRODUCERS
SUCCESSFUL INCUBATORS
LIFE PRESERVERS
SUCCESSFUL BROODERS
The only machines that rival the mothei
hen. Sold on a Direct-to-You Fac¬
tory Price. Get our Big FREE Incubator Book and save
40%. Send postal now. Booklet, “Proper Care and Feeding
of small Chicks. Ducks and Turkeys'* sent for 10c.
DES MOINES INCUBATOR CO , 90 Second St.. Des Moines, la.
and Free Book |
125 Egg Incubator g 111
and Brooder Bo^r©IU
If ordered together we send
both for $10. Freight
paid east of Rockies. Hot
water, copper tanks, double walls,
double glass doors. Free catalog
describes them. Send for it today.
Wisconsin Incubator Co.,
Box 118, Racine, Wi3.
FOODS
are demanded and used by successful
poultrymen everywhere because our
ods are reliable. Every ounce of grain is
■an and nourishing. Lowest prices. Full
:ight. Prompt shipments. Satisfaction
aranteed. Send today for Booklet and
tEE Souvenir. Don’t delay.
AYLOR BROS., 10 Market Street, CAMDEN, N. J.
ll
i w
MDEN, N. J.
GRIT
M AKA-SHEL SOLUBLE
Bright, sharp, shining,
' ' a k e s bone and
Increases Egg*
Production when 1
Eggs are high.
Ask your dealer, or send us SI -00 for two
100-lb. bags f. o. b. cars. Booklet free
EDGE HILL SILICA ROCK CO„
Box J. New Brunswick, N. J.
raas^MAKE hens lay"
more eggs; larger, more vigorous chicks;
heavier fowls, by feeding cut bone.
ftlAllll’C LATEST MODEL
MANN d BONE CUTTER
i cuts fast, easy, fine ; never clogs.
10 Days’ Free Trial. No money in advance. Book free.
IF.W.MANN CO., Box 1 6, MILFORD, MASS. ■
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. lr.
POULTRY
TRUTHS
m
T/j
After all, it’s the
TRUTH— the plain
unvarnished prac¬
tical facts about
poultry-raising, that
you want, not theories
advanced by writers
who too often have “an axe
to grind.”
Mr.S. B. Twining, a lead¬
ing authority on practical
poultry-raising for profit, has
written a valuable book that
gives readers the benefit of his
life-long experience — a plain,
honest statement of facts.
Every phase of the poultry business is
covered including Capon Culture.
POULTRY TRUTHS is being sold
on its merits— no connection with any
publication or advertising scheme.
You’ll find it profitable to read
, this book. No other book contains
so much practical, reliable advice. )
Ail on PER COPY
q? I t\J\J POSTPAID
Send for Your Copy Today.
AFT0N FARMS. Box 0-1.
Yardley, Pa.
Bonnie Brae White Leg¬
horns and Pekin Ducks
ARE BETTER
than ever.
Eggs from our
heavy laying
strains now
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now hooked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. Largest
successful plant in New Y’ork vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
Our Prices Hatching Eggs— S. C. White Leghorns— One
setting, 15 eggs, $2; two settings, 30 eggs, $3.50
three settings, 45 eggs, $4.75; one hundred eggs, $8
one thousand eggs, $70. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C
Black Orpingtons— One setting, 15 eggs, $2.50 and $5
one hundred eggs, $14 and $28. Fertility Guaranteed.
Our Prices Baby Chicks— S. C. White Leghorns— Fifty or
less, each, 20 cents; one hundred, $15; one thousand,
$125. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C. Black Orpingtons—
Fifty or less, each, 30 cents; one hundred, $25, We
guarantee safe arrival of CHICKS in first-class
condition.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
CHICKS Baby CHICKS
S C. WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS of Standard Quality.
We guarantee chicks to be hatched from eggs laid
by our own breeders and shipped only when day-old.
We Can Please You. We Will Please You.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator having a capa¬
city of 10,200 eggs.
Have Your Orders Booked. Circular Free.
SPRING WATER POULTRY FARM, Stockton, New Jersey.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A breeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
S. O. W. LEGHORNS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y, HAVRE DE GRACE, Maryland.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons — Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Okwell, Ohio.
1911.
THE KURAE NEW-YORKER
255
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, February 25, 1911
FARM TOPICS.
A “Down East” Corn Crop . 226
Michigan Vetch . 226
Small Corn Shredder Experience . 227
Lime on Sod . 228
An Oregon Oat Crop . 231
Fertilizer and Rock Phosphate . 231
Mixing a Compost Heap . 231
Rye as Green Manure . 232
Manure and Tobacco Stems . 235
Potash for Corn . 235
Gypsum and Alkali Soil . 235
Uncle Sam’s Employment Bureau . 235
A Concrete Farm Roller . 235
Nitrate of Soda with Manure . 236
How to Use Nightsoil . 1. 237
Wood Ashes and Fertilizer . 237
Use of Ground Phosphate Rock . 237
Hope Farm Notes . 238
A Miner and His Farm. Part II . 252
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Those $9 Hens . 234
“Lfct the Cows Prove It” . 246
A Good Cow . 248
Muzzle for Ugly Sow . 248
Clover in the Silo.... . 248
Law Regarding Brewers’ Grains . 248
Eczema . 248
Horse with Catarrh . 248
Remodeling a Barn . 249
Trouble with Churning . 249
Good Rhode Island Reds . 250
A Hawk Trap . 250
Begin in a Small Way . 250
Cracklings for Hens . 250
Litter for Hens . 250
A Big Egg . 250
Grasshoppers and Turkeys . 250
A Commuter’s Hens . 250
Open Front Houses . 250
Milk . 251
The Foley Milk Commission Bill . 251
Rations for Dry Cow and Heifer . 253
Grain With Timothy . 253
A Defective Ration . 253
HORTICULTURE.
Experience With the Use of Hairy
V o foil fo •»» Paitow OO.T OOZ>
Cold Facts About Chestnuts . 226
Orchard Heating in California . 227
Apple Orchard in Iowa . 228
An Orchard for the Average New Eng-
gland Farm . 229
Orchard on Damp Soil . 230
From Sand Bank to Lawn . 232
Care of Young Orchard . 236
Fillers in Apple Orchard . 237
New Peaches and Plums in Pennsyl¬
vania . 237
Dahlias in January . 239
Staminate Strawberry Flowers . 239
Eldorado Blackberry ‘ . 239
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 242
Difficulty with Chocolate Candies . 242
Removing Stains from Clothes . 242
The Plant of Purity . 243
Some Items of Country Fare . 243
Some Good Cakes . 244
The Rural Patterns . 244
Freshening Up Window Shades . 244
Those Puzzling Shoe Numbers . 245
A Box of Candy . 245
Boiled Indian Pudding . 245
More About Zinc . 245
The Bookshelf . 245
MISCELLANEOUS.
Tap the Air for Nitrates and Cut
Your Fertilizer Bill in Half
High Bred Nitrogen Gathering Bacteria
put on the Seed will do all the Work
DON’T pay big prices for nitrate fertilizers. Don’t waste the time and labor needed to spread
them. Let nitrogen-gathering bacteria do the work for you at a mere fraction of the cost
and practically no extra work.
Here is the making of all the nitrates you want at a cost of $2.00 an acre.
This Bottle
does the work
for an Acre.
FARMOGERM
High-Bred Nitrogen-Gathering Bacteria.
Farmogerm is a pure culture of nitrogen-gathering bacteria that
have been carefully selected and bred up to a state of strong vitality
and great nitrogen-fixing power. That is our guaranty. Farmogerm
is a jelly-like culture, put up in specially sealed bottles, guaranteed
to reach you in perfect condition and to keep for months.
It is Ready to Use on Your Seeds
Just mix with water and moisten the seed or spray on soil or young
plants. The bacteria will increase rapidly, by the millions, in the
soil, and draw nitrogen from the unlimited supply in the air, feeding
it to the growing crop and storing it in the soil for future crops.
For use on Alfalfa, Clover, Peas, Beans, and all legumes.
Get Our Rrtftlr T and reP°rts from high authorities and
, v/r*; r rec DOOK * many farmers who have tried it and
know. We can prove every claim. The U. S. Dept, of Agriculture
states that the pure culture method of soil inoculation has “come to
stay. Order Now if you want to plantat once, or spray onwliat you
have planted. Acre size $2.00 — Garden size, for Peas, Beans and
Sweet Peas, in mixed culture, 50c. White Clover also in 50c -size
Mention what crop you want it for when ordering. We pay postaee
or express charges to you. 6
EARP-THOMAS FARMOGERM CO.. BLOOMFIELD, N. J.
Made for>
"//Work-Wear
YET 50 EASY IN ACTION
A GIRL 0RB0Y OF SIXTEEN
CAN OPERATE IT
KMU5^mt
W^cmmoi
No pushing or pulling the shovels from
one side to the other. Just a touch of the
foot and the whoels and shovels move e sily
and quickly to right or left. No stooping the
machine to regulate the width between gangs
or the depth of the shovels.
Uneven Land, Crooked Rows and Hillsides
as Easily Cultivated as Level Ground.
Made in high and low wheel and
KKAUS pivot gang. Built entirely
of steel and malleable iron,
i'.yery possible adjustment.
Light Draft. Perfect balance.
Choice of 26 different equip-
ments gives yon just tho one you
need for your work. Also the
Clipper Hammock 8eat and the
Carpo Walker. Don’t accent a sub¬
stitute. If your dealer does not
handle the KRAUS write us for
full descriptive catalogue.
AKRON CULTIVATOR CO.
- DEPT. |3i AKRON, OHIO
MV It. I. WHITES come nearest to the all
-LT-L round fowl of any breed in the world. When
I originated this breed 22 years ago, in Wakefield, R.
I., my aim was to develop a breed that would equal
the Leghorns as layers, mature early, be easy to
breed, and be of the highest class dressed poultry.
Free circular that tells what I have accomplished.
It also tells about the most practical poultry feeder
and exerciser ever invented.
J. A. JOCOY, Towanda, Pa. 1-3
Thirty Years Breeder
and Dealer Pure Bred Poultry.
K. T. PATTERSON, Newtown, Conn.
CLARK’S SINGLE COMB REDS won fifty-four ribbons
in 1910, including twenty first prizes. Also the
Rhode Island Red Club State Cup and Specials
for shape and color. Choice stock and eggs for
sale. Send for mating list. G. I), CLARK, Brook-
side Poultry Yards, Bellows Falls, Vermont.
FARM BRED POULTRY-FREE RANGE
Partridge Cochins, White Rocks, Barred
Rocks. Partridge Wyandottes. LTize win¬
ning strains. Stock and eggs.
MINCH BROS., R-2, Bridgeton., N. J.
MINISINK POULTRY FARM CO.
Single Comb Leghorn Hatching Eggs — 95$ fertility
guaranteed or money refunded — $10 per hundred
£• o. b. NORTH WATER GAP, PA.
Pfllll Best Breeds. Bred for Laying.
■ UULI II 1 Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
Making a Cement Roof . 227
Handling the Fake Goods . 227
The Law on Rabbits . 230
Metal Roof as Lightning Conductor. . . 231
That Drill Contract Case . 233
Proportion of Mortar to Masonry.... 236
Editorials . 240
Markets . 247
Publisher’s Desk . 254
( Continued from page 247.)
HAY AND STRAW
Hay market on Timothy and the better
grades of mixed is firm. Lower grades
dull and unsettled.
Bay, No. 1, ton . 21.00 @ 22.00
No. 2 . 18.00 @ 20.00
No. o . 15.00 (SO 17.00
Clover Mixed . 12.00 ® 18 00
Clover . 10.00 (a) 15.00
8traw, Rye . 9.00 @ 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 (a) 10.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers. 100 lbs . (1.70 @1 6.75
Oxeu and Stags . 5.00 @6.25
Cows . 2.40 @4.50
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 7.00 @10.75
Calls . 4.00 @0 50
Sheep, 100 lbs . 3.25 @ 4.50
Lambs . 5.50 ® 6 65
Hogs . 7.80 @ 8.40
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.10 @ ...
No. 2, Red . 94 14® ...
No. 1 Macaroni . 1.00 "@ ...
Corn, as to quality, bush . 49 @ .52
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ 37
Bye . 80 © !83
RHODE ISLAND RED AND BLACK MINORCA
v cockerels, rose ami single comb, pure breils, April hatched,
well colored, strong and vl.-oroiis, ready for spring work
*2.00 each. JOHN McGILL, The Plains, Va.
WANTED— Experienced man for small fruit farm; re¬
liability and good salesmanship required, Cottage,
garden, good salary and permanent position offered
to the right man. Address H. W. Cobb, Ridgewood, N J
VIRGINIA FARM For Sale.
v Acre. H. J. SCHXE1
JBI.IN. Crewe, Va.
PAPpR POT C— Three-inch, * 1 .25 a 1 ,000,
x “"*■ LvlV 1 W 1 O four-inch, SI. 75 a 1,000
_ P. B. CROSBY & SON, Catonsville, Md,
D LEASE send atrial shipment to the Oldest Coni-
, mission Mouse in New York. Est. 1838. Butter
Eggs. Poultry. Pork, Calves, Hay, Grain, Beans’
Apples, etc. K. II. WOOIMVAKH, 802 Greenwich 8t., N. Y
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York,
Poultry, Eggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
Hothouse Lambs, Poultry, Calves, Fancy Eggs
Ship to W. H. COHEN & CO.. 229 Washington St.. New York.
Boston Produce Co.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS.
Furs are high. A fact which you are all probably ac¬
quainted with. But the question is, Are you getting
highest market value for yours ? Remember we do not
charge any commission; pay all express charges; will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory will return and
pay all charges. Don’t you think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing ? For
further information write for our free price list and
Trappers’ Guide. Make us a trial shipment today.
Abrohams Fur & Wool Co., Fur Merchants, Seymour, Wis.
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
free. Grand Rapids Veterinary
College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.
Hackney and Standard Bred Brood Mares, Stal-
lions and Fillies, Aberdeen Angus cattle. Could
use Perch eron mares, mules, automobile-new.
SffV?^Patal?^o£ St°ck. DELAWARE STOCK
FARM, Myer & Son, Prop., Bridgeville, Del.
93-95 South Market $t„
Boston.
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE in the finest fruit
n growing and trucking section in the world;
fertile sod and fine climate: also a beautiful water
front farm with timber. For full particulars ad¬
dress SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK. Salisbury.
Wicomico County, Maryland.
WE SELL FARMS in Oceana, best County in U. S.
Bo'it, Alfalfa, Grain, Vegetables, Stock, Poul¬
try. J. D. S. HANSON & SON, Hart, Mich.
Conti Flirms for sale at low prices in nearly all
WUUiaillD parts of New Y0rk State. Cata¬
logue free to parties intending to buy.
NORTHERN REALTY CO., Syracuse, N. Y.
f A P M FDR 9AI C— The cheapest one in Som-
1 HI* III JUn OHLL erset County - location,
quality of soil and timber considered. Contains
250 acres, 100 acres in cultivation and balance in
timber. For full particulars address JAMES A. C.
DEAVOR, Princess Anne, Somerset Co. .Maryland,
DELAWARE FARMS for sale. Largest, most complete
list money making farms in State. Healthful
climate, short winters, wonderfully productive soil.
Illus. catalog free. Wm. G. Wechtenhiser, Harrington, Del.
| fi 7 A f! R F ^ VERY productive gravel soil, near
•U" “UllLO Buffalo and good markets. 12-
room house, large barn, fruits, choice Holstein
dairy, team, complete farming implements, all
very cheap. Write now for picture and particu¬
lars. D. A. PALMERTON, Eden, N. Y.
BEFORE BUYING send for our descriptive catalogue
Delaware and Maryland Farms, FREE.
■FORD & REIS (Inc-), Dept. H, Wilmington, Del.
pQI) SAT Farm of Eighty Acres— wood,
'~yx\ GxlEL, timber, eight- room, two-story
house, basement barn 30 by 44, hog house, hen
house, all in very good condition. Buildings are
insured for $1,100. Apples, peaches and cherries.
Three-fourths mile from church, creame.ry and
markets. Price $1,050 — $900 cash, balance mortgage
at 5 per cent. HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Owego,
Tioga County, New York.
WANTFfl~MAN "dl° thoroughly understands
If Mil I LU the care of hogs in all its branches.
Address, stating references and salary wanted,
DRAWER 62, New Haven, Conn.
Wanted-Farmer-Fruit Grower
To take place on snares, or salary and shares. Must
have team and tools. ORCHARD FARM. Peekskill. N. 1.
Greidcr’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen-
darfor each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
batching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greioer, Box 58, Rheems, Pa
Kirkup’s Utility Strain S.C.W bite Leghorns
Bred for vigor, size and large white market eggs.
Eggs and Baby Chicks for sale. Custom hatching a
specialty. Send forcireular. Kirkup Bros., Mattituck.L.I.
Farmers and Poultrymen.
Yon must not blame us if occasionally onr en¬
thusiasm bubbles over when speaking of our cus¬
tom batching department as carried on by our
experts in our mammoth hot water incubator.
Results are showing people all over the country
that we know our business by saving them time,
worry and money, and giving them stronger chicks
than the old hen or kerosene oil fume incubators
ever did. You send us the eggs— we’ll do the rest-
do it right and send you the chicks. Write for in¬
formation and prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM, Millerton, N.Y.
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, 8. C. K.I. Bed.
Eggs, 90c. per 15, $1 .50 per 30. $2.75 per 00, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, pa.
COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES — Beauty & utility combined.
Splendid, vigorous Cockerels and Pens mated. Ad¬
dress RALPH WOODWABD, Box 28, Grafton, Mass’
American Poultry Plant. Collins, Ohio— Kellerstraea
Crystal \V. Orpingtons, Wyckoflf S, C. \V. Leghorns. Mammoth
White Holland Turkeys, White African Guineas, Indian ltunuer
Ducks. Stock & eggs for hatching. 600 choice male birds for sale
EGGS — $1 per 15, $2 per 40 of Thor. Brahmas. Hocks, Wyan¬
dottes, Reds, Minorcas, Houdans, Leghorns, Hamimrgs; 19 var.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. M..hr, Coopersburg, Pa.
Pfllll TRYMPW_Send 1° cents for our fine 60-
I UULI LI I 111 LIT p: ge Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS— Heavy laying strain — $5.00
I per trio, GEO. BOWDISH, Esperance, N. Y.
SNOW WHITE WYAND0HE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15.
$5 per 100. A few good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOLDENROD FARM, Dept. R, Stewartstown, Pa.
mine DQEn While Holland Turkeys, Great
rUElC ■ ntll Layers. Domestic.ChoiccToms.
MRS. NILES GROVER. South Mew Berlin. N. Y.
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys
PARTRIDGE COCHIN Cocks and Cockerels for sale.
D. S. Hartwell. (Stamp.)
HEDGE LAWN FARM, Washington, Conn.
W
ILD AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS-Chicken Eggs. Hand-
■ some Catalog 2 ct.
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun-
VALLEY Vf -
tain.
VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville. Pa.
W ANTF1Y“A Partner 40 tak® half interest
’’’ * J -‘U in and manage a fifty-acre fruit
and truck farm near Glens Falls, N. Y. Address
“RODGERS,” care Rural New-Yorker.
OMART YOUNG AMERICAN to learn Retail
Nursery trade. Must have farm experience,
education and ability at pencil drawing. $48. mo.
$58. next yr. Fine future.
B, B, NUKSEUY, West Newton, Mass.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
AND UP-
WARD
AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
SENT ON TRIAL, FULLY
GUARANTEED. A new, well
made, easy running separator for
$15.95. Skims hot or cold milk;
heavy or light cream. Different
from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity ma¬
chines Tho bowl is a sanitary
marvel, easily cleaned. Whether
dairy is large or small, obtain our
handsome free catalog. Address
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.
Box
BAINBRIDGE.N.Y.
that ntver
wcura out is —
Slate. Docs not
or water -soak,
t melt — not af¬
fected by the weather or
climate. The only roof that is
verlasting. SHELDON'S
GREEN AND PURPLE ROOFING
SLATE, the only material without on
equal. No more expenaivethan other high-
grade roofing. Send toil ay for our free book
“Tho Boof Question,” and tell us your wants.
F.C.Sheldon Slate Co.
oieei wneease
That’s So! Hired hands are
getting scarcer every day:
\but LOW DOWN STEEL
WHEELS will help to take
\ their place. Then, too, the
I sun don’t affect a steel wheel
j like it does the best of hired
f help. More brain and less
^muscle nowadays. Cata-
I logue free to you.
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.
Box H, Havana, 111.
A HARNESS
THAT OUTLIVES THE
HORSE
Our catalogue accurately illustrates over
75 Styles of harness for all purposes. Prices
are wholesale — saves S10 to SI 5 on every harness.
Only best oak-tanned leather is used. Every harness
guaranteed for five years Catalogue F free.
King Harness Co., 6 Lake Si., Cwego, Tioga Co., N. Y
To mcmillan fur & wool co.
. . .A MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Illustrated Circular Free to anyone interested in
RAW FURS.”
Trappers’ Guide .Free to those who ship to us.
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
INTERNATIONAL
SILOS
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take- up hoop —
continuous open-door front — air-tight door and per¬
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. Th.
InterarM-n.I S"« r„.. 113 Main St.. Liueavilla. (h
will reduce inllamed, swollen Joinls.
Bruises, Soft Bunches. Cure Boils, Fis-
lula or any unhealthy sore quickly;
pleasant to uso; dues cot blister
under bandage or remove the hair,
and you can work the horse. $2 per
bottle at dealers or delivered.
Horse Book 7 D free.
ABSORDINE, J.? , for mankind,
$1.00 per bottle. Reduces Varicose
^^-oVeins, Varicocele, Hydrocele.
Goitre, Wens, Strains, Bruises,
stone Pain and inflammation.
YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 temple St., Springfield, Mass.
Meeker
Disc Smoothing Harrow,
Onion Seed Drills and Hand Wheel Hoes.
Southport Globe Onioa Seed.
Send for Catalogue and Prices.
THE C. 0. JELLIFF MFG. C0RP.
Southport, Connecticut
sea
THE RURAli NEW-YORKER
February 25, 1911.
Use This Machine 10 Days
Sharpen All Your Tools
at Our Expense
Sharpen every tool you have. We
don’t care how many tools you put
in order. The more you will use the
Grinder the better we will like it. Keep the
machine going every minute if you like — no
chance of hurting it a bit — use it just as though
it were your own — use it for ten full days if
you like— then, if you don’t want it, send it back at our expense. Remember— this trial is abso
lutely free. You may sharpen every tool you have on your place positively at our expense.
MACHINES
1. One Sickle Grinding Wheel (Improved) 6. One Sickle Holding Attachment.
2. One Fine Grinding Wheel (Improved) 7. One Scythe Sttme (New) ,
3. One Coarse Grinding Wheel ( Improved) 8. One Harman Special *«or Honi* Tlew)
4. One Harman Special Oil Stone (Improved) 9. One Disc Grinding Attachment (New)
5. One Saw Gummer (Improved) 10. One Tool Rest
Yes, free — absolutely free — we don’t
ask you to send us a cent — there are
no C.O. D. charges — no promises of
any kind — all we ask is your permission to
send you this wonderful Harman Steel Frame
Grinder on an absolutely free trial for ten
whole days. Use the grinder in any way you
wish — use it just as if it were your own. Prove
to yourself just what kind of a machine it is —
then at the end of ten days decide whether you
want it. If for any reason you decide you do
not want it, just send it back at our expense.
Stones of Alectride-Frame of Steel
Every grinding wheel used in this machine is made throughout of genuine Alectride
_ the most wonderful abrasive ever discovered — so hard it scratches the diamond it¬
self — cuts into the hardest steel like so much cheese — grinds so fast it cannot possibly draw the
temper from the steel. The hardest abrasive the world ever saw. The frame of the Harman
Grinder is made of steel — there are no loose joints to shake and wobble — no wood to warp and
shrink. The frame is made of steel— absolutely firm and rigid— every job finished as true as a
die. A boy ten years old can do expert work on the Harman Steel Frame Grinder.
35 Times Faster Than the Grindstone
Yes, the wheels of this wonderful grinder, made of Alectride — the hardest abrasive known— do their work 35 times
faster than the grindstone, and 12 times faster than the best emery wheel — just think of it do better work, too.
FREE ^ The Harman Steel Frame Alectride Grinder will not take the temper from your
COUPON ▼^S^ld,the\?up,<J.n steel— and the book which we send you free explains exactly how you may
Today Don t / grind every one of your tools and implements as well as could the most expert me-
Delay It. clianic. YOU should get this grinder on your farm and see what it does ! You don’t
have to buy it. It is sent free. You don’t need to make up your mind until
you have used it for 10 days and anybody ought to be able to tell whether he
wanted to keep a machine or send it back in less time than that.
Valuable Book Free-Send Coupon Now
No Letter Necessary
This Coupon Will Do
Harman Supply Co. * a
160 Harrison Street
Dept. 3582 Chicago, Ill.
Gentlemen : — Without anj'
obligation upon me to buy
anything or pay anybody any-
thing, you may send me absolute-
ly free a copy of your book. “How
to Grind Edge Tools” and full partic-
ulars of your great Free Trial Offer of '
the Harman Steel Frame Grinder.
Name.
Address.
To those who fill out and send us attached coupon, we will send absolutely
free a copy of our valuable book, 4 4 How to Grind Edge Tools.” This book
(a book of 32 pages) tells all the secrets of most expert mechanics. Everyone
who uses edge tools should have this great book. We also send full particulars of
our Free Trial Offer on the Harman Steel Frame Grinder. Remember, you do not
order the grinder — we don’t ask you to send us a cent — you don’t promise to buy any-
thing, or pay anybody anything. Now send the coupon for this valuable book at once.
^.Harman Supply Co. Dept.
.
3582
160 Harrison St., Chicago
Before you buy a Cream Separator
See and try a DE LAVAL
IS THERE ANY DOUBT IN YOUR MIND as to which cream
separator will give you the most satisfactory service and be the
most economical for you to buy?
Are the claims made by the different cream separator manufac¬
turers confusing?
Here is a proposition that should interest you :
Ask our nearest agent to bring a DE LAVAL out to your house
and set it up for you. (If you don’t know the DE LAVAL agent drop
us a line and we will give you his name and address.) Try out any
other separator you wish alongside of it. Give them both a fair,
honest trial. Then buy the machine that
Skims the cleanest
Turns the easiest
Is easiest to wash
Is best constructed
If there is any doubt in your mind when you make this test as
to the comparative skimming of the two machines, take a sample
of skim-milk from each separator and send it to your State' Experi¬
ment Station. They will tell you which sample contains the most
butter-fat.
We sell thousands and thousands of cream separators every
year upon just such tests.
We don’t hesitate to ask you to make such a test because we
know the DE LAVAL will skim cleaner and give you better service
than any machine on the market. That’s why we are perfectly
willing to let you try it out alongside of any “would-be” competitive
machine ever built. Our willingness to have you make such a test
should mean more to you than volumes of printed claims.
Give your cows a square deal. Be fair to yourself. If there is any one
farm machine that should be of the very best possible construction it is the
cream separator. It is used oftener than any piece of farm machinery,— 730
times a year— and the very best machine that you can buy will be far the
cheapest in the end. You have always heard the DE LAVAL spoken of as a
high-grade machine. You have never talked with aDE LAVAL user who
was not enthusiastic about it.
DE LAVAL cream separators are made in all sizes and capacities, from a
135-lb. an hour machine that sells for $35, to a 1350-lb. machine that sells
for $160.
DE LAVALS are made to run by hand, or they can be furnished with
attachments for operation by various kinds of power.
We have agents in almost every locality who will be glad to set the
machine up for you and give you a free trial, and we have an arrangement
with our agents whereby a purchaser, if he desires, may make a partial payment
at time of purchase, and pay the balance on easy terms covering a period of
twelve months.
If you are interested in the purchase of a cream separator be sure to
write for our new catalog which illustrates and describes in detail the features
which have made the DE LAVAL the universal favorite among dairymen all
over the world.
Please address all inquiries to nearest DE LAVAL office
TSS DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
1fir Rroadway 42 E. Madison Street Drumw & Sacramento Sts.
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO
rvgO / OF THE WORLD’S
/O CREAMERIES USE
DE LAVAL
CREAM SEPARATORS
Ten years ago there were a dozen different makes
of creamery or factory separators in use. Today over
9S per cent, of the world’s creameries use DE LAVAL
separators exclusively.
It means a difference of several thousand dollars a
year whether a DE LAVAL or some other make of
separator is used in a creamery.
Exactly the same differences exist, on a smaller
scale, in the use of farm separators. Owing to the
fact, however, that most farm users do not keep as
accurate records as the creamery man, they do not
appreciate just what the difference between a good
and a poor separator means to them in dollars and
cents. Nine times out of ten the farmer can’t tell
whether or not he is wasting $50 to $100 a year in
quantity and quality of product through the use of
an inferior cream separator.
Now, if you were in need of legal advice, you
would go to a lawyer. If you were sick you would
consult a doctor. If you had the toothache you
would call on a dentist. Why? Because these men
are all specialists ir. their line, and you rely upon their
judgment and skill. When it comes to buying a sepa¬
rator why not profit by the experience of the cream-
tryman? His experience qualifies him to advise you
correctly. He knows which separator will give you
the best service and be the most economical for you
to buy. That's why 98 per cent, of the world’s cream¬
eries use the DE LAVAL exclusively.
There can be no better recommendation for the
DE LAVAL than the fact that the men who make
the separation of milk a business use the DE LAVAL
to the practical exclusion of all other makes.
173-177 William Street
MONTREAL
14 & 16 Princess Street
WINNIPEG
1016 Western Avenue
SEATTLE
(‘‘trvn.Tiin
PHOTO 'LN'e.CQ.N-
Vol. LXX. No. 4088
NEW YORK, MARCH 4, 1911
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
THE POTATO SEED QUESTION.
Is Northern Stock Best for Long Island?
The question as to why Long Island potato growers
prefer northern-grown seed in preference to home
grown, was presented to the Riverhead Town Agri¬
cultural Society, and the following answers given:
“Northern seed does not set as heavily and matures
earlier than home-grown seed. In the particular sec¬
tion covered by this So¬
ciety prior to 1900 each
grower purchased a few
bags of northern seed
each year to renew his
stock. In 1900 there was
an entire failure of home¬
grown seed. Since that
time growers have used
northern-grown seed and
appear to be unable to
break away from the bad
habit.” Possibly there
is one other reason, be¬
sides those given above,
why northern-grown may
do better than home¬
grown seed, viz., the eyes
of an immature potato
will usually start to
grow more quickly than
those of a mature one.
Personally, I do not
sanction the last half of
the first reason. If cor¬
rect this fault could be
remedied b y selection.
My judgment is that
these are the only rea¬
sons that can be given
in favor of northern-
grown seed. Are they
good and sufficient rea¬
sons ?
The question as to
whether home - grown
seed can be used will
have to be answered
from observations. The
growers at Orient say
•they grew the Early Ohio
for 30 years without re¬
newal. An early potato
grown for 30 years with¬
out importing new blood
from the North ! flow
could they keep an early
potato, which ripened in
July, for seed? Was the
seed selected? Did they
used the hill method of
selection ? The growers
who continued to use
the home-grown Early
Ohio for seed the long¬
est, selected their seed as
farmers usually do, from
the bin, but actually selecting enough of it with care
to plant an acre or more to grow seed for the fol¬
lowing year. When time came to dig the main crop
and rush same off to Connecticut markets to get in
ahead of the Jersey grower, or to get the crop off
the ground for a crop of squash or cucumbers, the
acre of selected seed was left and allowed to mature,
to be dug later in the Fall and all stored for seed. A
selection was made from this seed for the stock acre
4he following year, and so on.
Lhifortunately many were not as careful, or con¬
versely too careful; they selected from the bin for
potatoes with shallow eyes, and even cut off the eye
end of the tubers and planted only the stem end
pieces. Object, a perfectly smooth Early Ohio and the
avoidance of too many sprouts in each hill with its
resultant heavy set of tubers. Result, seed pieces
that never sprouted, seed pieces with sprouts the size
of knitting needles, sprouts so weak they could not
stand much fertilizer near them and subject to “stem
rot’ (Rhizoctonia » . Consequently poor stands, poor
crops, the loss of a good strain of early potato, and a
search for new seed, a new variety, etc. The fact
that the “Hamptons” use home-grown seed has al¬
ready been given, page 1183, of last year. Unfortun¬
ately these are becoming few and far between. They
are following the bad habits of the “North Sider.”
Do they select seed? Yes, some of them sell all the
firsts and plant the seconds left in the bin. These are
the growers who have contracted the “bad habit.”
The foregoing shows that in some sections, at least,
of Long Island home-grown potatoes can be or have
been used for seed. I know of a grower who has
recently grown home-grown Carman No. 1 three years
in succession. There is an apparent tendency for his
home-grown Carman to increase the set of tubers per
hill. Whether this can be overcome or even deferred
by hill selection remains to be proven.
In conclusion, the ad¬
vantages o f northern-
grown seed are supposed
to be as follows : Us¬
ually start growth quick¬
ly, make a small set per
hill with resultant large
tubers, sometimes over-
g r o w n. Disadvantages,
coarse seed that cuts to
waste, mixed seed, and
for several years past
seed which in many cases
has been more subject to
stem rot and given
poorer stands than home¬
grown seed (possibly
selection needed where
grown). Another disad¬
vantage not often noticed
is that northern-grown
seed is grown in sections
where late or rot blight
is prevalent each year,
and not all the growers
practice thorough spray¬
ing. The result is blight-
affected seed, in which
if it becomes heated in
storage or in transit, rot
follows; seed which, if
not planted deep, is liable
to rot in growth before
the sprouts start and get
on their own roots. That
is, where such seed is
planted shallow and we
have a hot spell at time
or just following plant¬
ing, which warms the
surface soil to the proper
temperature, the blight
seeds or spores on the
seed pieces grow, caus¬
ing the same to rot be¬
fore sprouting.
Even though the weight
of evidence is against the
use of home-grown seed,
the indications are that
for the Long Island
grower, if not for all
growers, it might pay
well to import only
enough northern - grown
seed each year to grow
an acre or more of stock
seed and depend on one-year home-grown stock for
the bulk of his crop. Hill selection from the acre of
stock seed would undoubtedly carry the good quali¬
ties of the northern seed along for a few years. By
following this method a complete failure of Northern
grown seed for one season would not be such a severe
loss. The danger of seed maturing too early and not
keeping well in storage can be partially overcome by
leaving part of an acre, or several acres if need be, to
be dug late in the Fall. When the vines are nearly
NOT HIGH CULTURE, BUT A GOOD YIELD. Fig. 71
268
all mature the portion of field to be saved for seed
should be well ridged to keep down weeds and grass,
and to protect the tubers from an excess of water,
also from heat. With a little care in storing and at¬
tending to the ventilation there should be no trouble
from the seed sprouting in storage. By following the
above and by keeping the vines free from blight by
thorough spraying a grower can have the satisfaction
of eliminating several factors of chance.
Answering the direct questions: I see no reason
why the hill method of selecting seed possibly com¬
bined with the importation of enough Northern seed
every few years to add vigor should not give us ideal
conditions. As to whether seed keeps better stored
in the North or stored by the user my judgment is, it
all depends on the care given the seed. The indica¬
tions are that sometimes the seed speculator either
puts too many tubers in one bin, or lets them become
heated in transportation. Furthermore, he always has
trouble to distinguish one variety from another; as a
result the purchaser has g^een .sterns .blue stems, white
blossoms, purple and pink blossoms, all in one field.
s. A. F.
_ _ _ _ i
THE ‘‘INJECTION TREATMENT” FOR TREES
The Globe (Utica) in a recent issue gave qi. r , a full
account of treatment of a non-bearing plum tree by a
Mr. Morrison, of Delaware. The article states that in
this case the tree had not previously borne any amount
of fruit, and the owner being a believer in calomel for
man, conceived the idea of trying the same treatment on
his tree. As a result the tree the following season was
heavily laden with fine fruit. My attention was called
to the article by a manufacturer of fertilizers, who could
readily see how a sufficient amount of high-grade material
might have the recorded effect, but all who heard of the
case were at a loss to understand how a few grains of
calomel could produce such a marvelous change in a
single season. Now if such a simple method as boring
a small hole in the trunk of a tree and injecting therein
a few grains of calomel for a non-bearing tree, or perhaps
a nax-cotic for one that has been too active, and sets too
much fruit, it seems that we may soon reach the point
where we can diagnose the case and from a small bottle
administer a few drops, or perhaps a pill, and give our
attention to other matters. Also, how much easier it
will be to walk around with a few small bottles in one’s
pocket than to haul with teams bags of fertilizer weigh¬
ing 200 pounds each. We would of course be sorry for
our friends, the fertilizer makers and distributors, but
they would simply need to remodel their factories into
drug stores and continue business. We would like to
know if there is anything in the calomel treatment, or
was the change due to other causes? l. *>• L-
Delaware.
The question raised is essentially whether or not
the fruitfulness of orchard trees can be materially
affected by certain injections. On the value of the
particular material referred to, calomel, apparently no
definite experiments have been made, probably because
it is insoluble and hence would doubtless remain
practically inert and stationary in the tree. The sin
gle favorable case cited,
in which there were no
similar untreated trees
and no repetitions or
duplications of test, is
evidently insufficient for
any conclusion. More¬
over, the well-known
fickleness in bearing
habit of many trees and
the many other possible
factors involved make it
extremely doubtful
whether the increase in
fruiting was in any way
connected with the in¬
jection of calomel. In
other words, the proba¬
bilities are that calomel
is wholly useless for the
purpose indicated. If it
had any influence at all,
it was doubtless indirect,
as a result of the partial
girdling of the tree ac¬
companying its intro¬
duction, but girdling can
be done in a better way.
On the value of other
injected materials con¬
siderable experimental
work has been done.
Very little of this work
has been directed exact¬
ly at the question of
fruitfulness, however, most of it being along the line
of tree medication or rejuvenation, but the results
observed are of interest in showing approximately
what may be expected from such operations.
The earliest work that has come to the writer’s
attention is that of a Russian, Mokrzhetski, reported
in Russian periodicals in 1903 (and abstracted in
Experiment Station Record, Vol. XVI, p. 982). Un¬
A SCENE ON THE LAWN AT HOPE FARM. Fig.
thought it might after several years serve as a guide
for determining which elements should be added to
the soil. All these experiments are of interest, but
must be considered suggestive, rather than conclusive
In America the earliest work apparently is that of
Bolley. (See Reports of North Dakota Station for
1904 and 1907.) He used many substances and con¬
cludes “that formaldehyde, copper sulphate and iron
GRAPE GRAFTING.
One who undertakes
the grafting' of the grape
should understand that
it is a somewhat difficult
operation, not that it
need be largely a failure,
but that the greatest
care must be exercised
in order to make the re¬
sults entirely satisfac¬
tory. Care must be taken
not only in performing the operation itself but also
in the selection of the stocks and the scions as well.
The stocks should be vigorous and healthy, and the
scions in addition to that should be taken from mature
vines; scions from young vines are apt to be largely
a failure. I select the wood for the scions in the
late Fall previous to the time when they are to be
used, cut it in lengths as long as convenient and
March 4,
sulphate, when properly applied, tend to hasten the
recovery of apple trees from sunscald and sour heart,
and to check the development of apple blight.” The
formaldehyde was used at strengths varying from
one-half part to two parts per 1,000 of water, the
rapid-absorbing trees requiring the weaker solutions.
He reports increased vigor and fruiting in the treated
trees, but states that care is demanded to avoid in¬
jury, and the resistance of trees to this injury was
apparently extremely variable.
Other work in this country has been done by
Chandler at the Missouri Station, testing the effect
of potash salts on the hardiness of peach trees; and
experiments on the value of injections in the control
of fire blight, especially in nursery trees, are in pro¬
gress by V. B. Stewart, at the Cornell Station. In
the last-named work, various fungicidal solutions
have been readily taken up by the young trees through
tubes attached to cut-off branches, but the result has
usually been serious injury to the trees, even with
solutions as dilute as one part of copper sulphate to
2,000 of water. Similar serious injury to the young
trees resulted from corrosive sublimate at one to
500; lime-sulphur at one to 200, and slight injury from
potassium permanganate at one to 2,000. Hence little
hope of success with injections of such inorganic ma¬
terials is now entertained.
The whole subject of tree-injections is thus seen tct
be in a rather unsettled state. The fact has been
clearly established that, with a proper arrangement of
tubes and receptacles, trees in foliage will readily
take up considerable quantities of soluble salts.
Nutritive salts or solutions in moderate amounts are
frequently beneficial, though the effect seems to be
more or less confined to one portion of the tree. Cer¬
tain poisons, when used in extremely weak solutions,
may be stimulative to trees, as they are to animals
and other plants, and they may afford some protec¬
tion again certain diseases, though the evidence is not
at all clear on this point, and their use must be at¬
tended with great caution. The problem is evidently
one for the investigator, and one that requires much
more study before anything definite can be offered to
the practical orchardist.
Some of the possibilities pictured by the corre¬
spondent may be attainable in the future, but for the
present there are no permanent short-cuts to fruit¬
fulness in trees. For this, the essentials are healthy,
mature trees of proper variety and location; satis¬
factory pollination; protection from the various
enemies, and sufficient plant food and tillage or
other care to maintain proper growth and health in
the tree. It is usually some deficiency in one or more
of these factors that causes lack of fruitfulness. In
certain extreme cases, however, when everything
seems to be right and the trees still fail to bear, the
condition may often be
temporarily remedied by
a judicious . shocking of
the trees, by such means
as sudden checking of
growth or careful gird¬
ling at the proper place
and time. Beyond this
we cannot go at the
present time, certainly
not by any known sys¬
tem of injections. And
until more is known on
the subject, it is the
writer’s opinion that all
such “remedies” should
be avoided by orchard-
ists, especially those with'
uncertain history and
considerable prices at¬
tached. J. P. STEWART.
Penn. Expt. Station.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
der the heading of a “New Method of Healing and
Nourishing Trees,” he describes briefly his results
from injecting various nutritive salts, both dry and
in solution, into some five hundred trees. Tests
were made upon oaks, poplars, frost-injured syca¬
mores, diseased Acacias, grapes, pears and apples.
Iron sulphate is reported to have been successfully
used against chlorosis, anthracnose of grape, and
some fungous diseases of the apple. Solutions of
acetic, oxalic, and tartaric acids were used against
gummosis ; and solutions of arsenic, copper sulphate,
manganese, and barium salts are said to have been
GRAFTING THE GRAPEVINE. Fig. 72.
used more or less successfully in combating the bark
beetle and a species of aphis. In France, Simon in¬
jected solutions of nitrate of potash, copper sulphate,
purin, and sap-like solutions into the trunks of rather
decrepit apples, peaches, vines and potatoes, with
marked rejuvenating effect in most cases. (See The
Gardener’s Chronicle, London, Third Ser., 41, (1907),
No. 1043, p. 8.) He was followed by Fron, working
on pears and using solutions of iron sulphate and
calcium nitrate. (See Journal de la Societe National
d’ Horticulture de France, Paris, Fourth Ser., 10
(1909), pp. 54-59.) Fron found that while the vigor
of trees could usually be rather markedly increased,
yet the improvement w.as mostly confined to a rela¬
tively small portion of the tree, and his net conclusion
was that the method was of little practical value,
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
269
protect it from severe freezing in the Winter by bury¬
ing it in the ground and covering it with earth and
leaves or coarse manure. I do not know but that
there may be other times as favorable for successful
grafting, but I prefer and choose the early Spring,
just as soon as the ground where the stocks grow
can be occupied and handled without an unpleasant
amount of mud. When this time is at hand I remove
the earth from about the stocks down to the roots,
making the excavation wide enough so that a small
saw can be conveniently used for preparing the stock
for the reception of the scions. Then I cut the scions,
generally with two buds, an inch above the upper bud
and at least ll/z inch below the lower bud. I keep
them then in a pail of water, taking them out not
long enough before using to allow much drying.
Now comes the preparation of the stock for the
reception of the scions — the critical point — where those
who are used only to the grafting of the apple are
apt to “fall down.” The facility with which the apple
is successfully grafted is likely to prove a snare. I
first saw off the vine as near to the roots as possible,
and yet allow a stump of an inch and a half that may
be cleft without endangering its splitting down through
the roots by the. insertion of the scions. Since it is
seldom that the grain of an old stock is sufficiently
straight to enable it to be split with a knife so as
to receive the scion satisfactorily, I make the cleft
with the saw about V/z inch deep and then, though
I do not know that this is important, with a sharp
blade I smooth out of the kerf the parts discolored
by the saw, and enlarge the cleft with an iron or a
hard-wood wedge, but not too much, and make the
wedge on the end of the scion to be inserted about
ll/z inch long from about the middle of the lower
bud, carefully shaping it so that it will fit the kerf as
closely as possible its entire length, making the edge
having the bud slightly thicker than the other, and
insert it with the bud outward, making the cambium
or inner bark of the scion touch that of the stock in
as much of the length as possible. I think it better
that the iron wedge be not driven
so far that the scion can be pushed
into place easily, as in the case
of grafting the apple, as the vine lacks
the resiliency of file apple, preferring to
tap the scion lightly into place with a
mallet. Of course in case the stick is
large enough two scions are inserted in
it. By following the directions here
outlined I now succeed in grafting the
vine with the loss of about five per cent,
which is comparatively small.
Even at the time here given for the
grafting, if a few warm days occur
there will sometimes be some show of
the movement of sap, but this need not
cause alarm, as a change of weather,
sure to come, will check the flow, but
if the grafting be delayed till near the
time of settled' warm weather a profuse
flow of sap is likely to cause serious loss
among the grafted vines.
When the insertion of the scions is
completed I place a small stake as near
the stock as may be, always at the same
side so that in case the scions should be
covered with earth in cultivation or
otherwise, it may be known where they
may be readily found, then the earth re¬
moved is returned till the scions are
covered up to the upper bud, and care
must be taken that the stock, at least,
is never left uncovered nor even cov¬
ered with dry earth only.
It is only important to say further
that the one who loves his vines will
now watch anxiously for the starting
of the buds, but lie must not be dis¬
appointed if he should have to wait two
or even three months for that pleasing
event. When they start he should be
prepared to give the growth at least
weekly attention if he desires to insure
the best results, in order to secure the
desired growth in proper form and position and to
repress all undesirable growth by continually pinch¬
ing back. The growth will be exceedingly rapid so
that with proper care the whole vine may be formed
and a fair crop of fruit secured the following season,
but if this care be wanting the vine will become a
tangled mass of half-ripened wood to be mostly killed
during the following Winter months. It is a ease
where after care is quite as important as attention to
details in the actual grafting. r. l. taylor.
Lapeer Co., Mich.
Last year, Tampico, Mexico, sent this country $21,380
worth of honey — mostly wild.
IK> not buy any fertilizer except on guaranteed analysis.
Make them tell you how much lime they offer also.
numbers of Summer spores or conidia. These are
scattered by the wind and produce new infections in
June and July. The knots then gradually become
black in color, and in March or April of the second
year produce another set of spores in minute pockets
all over the surface of the knots. These so-called
Winter spores are distributed in May or June, caus¬
ing another new set of infections. It is thus evident
that the knot may cause new infections for two years
in succession. These knots are not caused by insects,
as is very often supposed, but because of the rapid
growth and succulence of the tissues, many insects find
this a good place to lay their eggs and develop their
larvae. It is not surprising, therefore, that worms of
various kinds are frequently found in these knots.
The most satisfactory means of controlling this
disease consists of a surgical operation, namely, re¬
moval of all limbs and twigs bearing knots, cutting at
least three or four inches below the knot in every case.
Bearing in mind the times of year in which the spores
of the fungus .. .aimed and distributed, it will be
seen that the proper time for cutting out the knots
will be early in the Spring, say not later than May,
and again in the Fall, as soon as the leaves are off the
trees. Since the spores are carried for considerable
distance by the wind, permanent relief from the
trouble cannot be expected, unless an effort is made
to eradicate the disease from the entire neighborhood,
at least for considerable distances in the direction of
the prevailing winds. Old cherry and plum trees,
growing in fence rows or about abandoned houses or
barns or in neglected back yards should be very1
carefully pruned out and put in shape, or else cut
down and destroyed. All knots should be burned
promptly after cutting from the tree, as the fungus
may be able to mature its spores on the dead limbs
lying on the ground. h. h. whetzel,
Plant Pathologist.
THE CHESTNUT TREE BLIGHT.
Dpring the year ending with December, 1910, destruc¬
tion of the chestnut trees by blight con¬
tinued in full swing. The first State
that will surrender its chestnut trees to
the devastating fungus is New Jersey.
It will be only a few years until a na¬
tive chestnut tree in New Jersey will be
a rare specimen. The writer has traced
the disease along the Palisades and in
the Passaic Valley west of Paterson,
along the head waters of the Raritan in
the _ northern portions of Somerset
County and in the southern sections of
Morris County. Three years ago its
presence was detected at Trenton, and
later along the Delaware Valley at
Phillipsburg. The seven coast counties
in New York have suffered most se¬
verely from tire attacks of this deadly
parasite. The chestnut trees of Rich¬
mond County, on Staten Island, and the
two western counties of Long Island
have almost entirely disappeared. Where
the dead trees have not been cut down,
stripped of bark they stand as ghostly
monuments testifying to the all-per¬
vasiveness of the calamity.
Specimens of chestnut bark from the
Connecticut Valley north of New Haven
were sent me by a college professor for
examination. A microscopic examina¬
tion revealed the spores of the blight,
Diaporthe parasitica. Just how preval¬
ent the attack may be in Connecticut
would require careful inspection. In
Pennsylvania, from Philadelphia west¬
ward, along the main line of the P. R.
R., extensive tree surgery was done by
Deputy Commissioner of Forestry, Mr.
Williams, and a band of students. The
practical value of his work will be mani¬
fest in one or two seasons. Since the
spores are carried through the air, the
currents along a railroad are most fa¬
vorable for spreading the disease. The
blight is spreading from year to year, and at present
man with all his devices, with his surgery and tar
plasters, with his spraying machines and fungicides, is
almost helpless against the ravages of one of the most
virulent diseases that has yet appeared in our forests.
It is well known that one species of fungus will
sometimes attack another, and from experiments this
is found to be true with the blight. It is a case of dog
eat dog, insect devour insect, but the destroying fun¬
gus does not seem to be able to keep pace with the
chestnut blight, which finds its way beneath the bark
and thus escapes the touch of the spray as well as its
fungous enemy. john mickleborough, ph. d.
Yes — said the hog ia the clover field — the sward is
mightier than the pen.
BLACK KNOT OF PLUMS AND CHERRIES.
This is one of the most common and destructive of
the plant diseases affecting our orchard trees. Even
the most careless observer has noted, at one time or
another, the large black swellings or knots which ap¬
pear on the limbs of certain varieties of cherries and
LOS ANGELES OASABA MELON. Fio. 74.
See Huralisms, Page 279.
plums. In some sections this disease is exceedingly
common and destructive. It is caused by a fungus
living as a parasite, in the bark and wood of the
plum or cherry. This fungus reproduces itself and
spreads by means of spores which are carried by the
wind and lodge in the crevices of the bark or on the
buds, where they germinate, penetrate the living bark,
and by their presence and growth irritate the cam¬
BIDWELL CASABA MELON, WEIGHT, 20 POUNDS. Fig. 75.
bium, the growing part of the limb. The plant re¬
sponds to this irritation by the increased growth of
this part at the point affected, which eventually re¬
sults in the black knots, so characteristic of the
disease. It takes approximately two years for the
fungus to complete its development in the tree; that
is, from the time the spores first lodge on the twig
until the knots have matured and their last crop of
spores has been distributed.
The period of infection, that is, the time when the
tree may take the disease, is probably from May to
July. The knots do not appear on the limbs until
the following Spring when, in the month of April or
May, they burst forth and in June become covered
with a green felt upon which are produced great
200
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 4,
FRUITMORE ORCHARDS.
Our orchard being the most
profitable part of our farming,
we (my wife and I) concluded
to set out more apple trees and
expect them, to get busy in less
than the proverbial 20 years.
Not liking the heavy three and
four-year trees we persuaded the
nurseryman to sell us the pick
of the two-year trees, all to be
low-headed. The ground selected
was a piece containing every¬
thing from light sand to heavy
clay, and was in only fair con¬
dition as to fertility, being
planted the two years previous.
Our bread and butter demanded
our supply of manure for our
truck garden, and our finances
would not warrant the purchase
of commercial fertilizer, and so
the trees had to do with good
cultivation. Good large holes
were dug about 18 inches deep,
the subsoil scattered «nd top soil
put in its place ; all of the
smaller roots were removed and
the ends of the large ones were
cut so that the cut would rest
fiat on the ground, and consider¬
able pains, were taken to firm the
soil around the roots, leaving the
tree three or four inches deeper
than it stood in the nursery row.
The top was shortened to the re¬
quired height of a little less than
three feet, and . all of the
branches cut off except three or
four, and they were shortened to
three or four buds, always cut¬
ting to an outside bud. Prac¬
tically no further trimming was
done until they were three years
set, when we went over them
and cut out all the limbs not
wanted to make the head, which
was only three or four, and from
that time on very little trimming
has been done, only cutting out
suckers and limbs that crossed
each other excepting on the four
rows of Sutton. We kept trying
for three years longer to make
them spread out, but failed, and
on account of this continued
trimming we have kept this part
of our orchard from bearing,
throwing to wood growth. The
other 20 rows, containing 7
acres, gave us nearly 100 barrels
last year, and this year 1080
bushels, single trees having 10^4
bushels this year, and making
from one to two feet of growth
at nine years from setting, with a
good showing of fruit buds for
next season.
During the life of this orchard
it has received 1000 pounds of
commercial fertilizer and an old
stack bottom, for which we paid
$10, which is all the manure it
has had, but the five years pre¬
vious to 3910 we raised five crops
of beans between the rows, plow¬
ing the ground early and keep¬
ing it harrowed until June 20,
when the beans were drilled in,
leaving a good space for the
trees. This strip each side of
the trees was allowed to grow
up to weeds, and the weeds were
allowed to mature and when
turned under the next Spring
made a large amount of slow
decaying humus which takes a
year .or more to decay, furnish¬
ing a continuous supply of car¬
bonic acid, which in turn releases
the potash and phosphoric acid
already in the soil in the same
continuous though not rapid
manner, giving the trees all they
need for a healthy, hardy growth,
and not forcing them as manure
or green crops turned under
would do. The beans on adjoin¬
ing strip furnished some nitro-
THE PICKERS READY FOR WORK. Fig. 77.
SAME TREE RELIEVED OF ITS CROP.' Fig. 78.
gen to entice the roots farthefi
from the trunk and give a little
extra stimulus. The beans were
sowed one way one year and
the other way the next, which
changed the weed strip each yeaC
also.
One advantage of these low
heads is the ease with which we
can spray them and trim them,
thin and pick the fruit. One
man picked 186 bushels in this
orchard in nine hours and 10
minutes, so the picking problem
is much simplified. We aim to
spray this orchard two or three
times a year with lime-sulphur
mixture, the first time six to 50
strength, just as the first green
shows when the buds are break¬
ing, getting some of the aphis,
all of the blister mite and much
reducing the apple scab, and
serving as a safeguard against
San Jose scale. Our second
spraying we aim to commence
when the blossoms have half
dropped with a V/2 to 50 strength
with V/i pounds of arsenate of
lead added; the third spraying
two weeks later with the same
solution. As soon as the natural
drop was over we went over the
trees and thinned the fruit, where
there were bunches of two, three
or four we only left one, and
when they were still too thick
we took more, taking off several
hundred apples from some of
these trees. The result was that
nearly all that were left went
into the barrels, a fine quality
of No. 1 fruit that the buyers
tumbled over themselves to get.
We make our concentrated lime
and sulphur at a cost of $2.42
per barrel testing from 31J/j
to 35. JOHN Q. WELLS.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
AN IRRIGATION FARM.
One of the prettiest productive
sights of Cumberland Co., N. J.,
the past Summer was the farm
of Arthur Seabrook. Acres and
acres of fresh green growing
vegetables are good to look
upon. Mr. Seabrook has 14
acres under the Skinner irriga¬
tion system, and in this way lie
can raise two and three crops
from the same ground in one
season. For instance, onion
seed is sown in March, and from
five acres of onions Mr. Sea¬
brook sold a crop amounting to
$1500 the past season; then cel¬
ery was set out. He com¬
mences to sell Golden Self
Blanching celery in October and
continues through February.
Early cabbage, beets and rad¬
ishes are followed by lettuce
and romaine (in England known
as cos lettuce), and a third
crop of spinach. Early lettuce
is followed by leeks (almost an
all-season crop, as it takes from
May to December to grow) ;
early lettuce is the only crop to
get leeks after. Fifteen years
ago Mr. Seabrook was a small
trucker, but he wanted to own a
farm, and he hunted around and
found this one, all hedgerows
and briars. He purchased it
from the man holding the mort¬
gage for $3,000 for 50 acres.
To-day his farm is worth $20,-
000, with an annual income of
$20,000 more.
Two years ago Mr. Seabrook
placed four acres under irriga¬
tion and met with such success
that last season he tried 10 acres
more and this has enabled him
to raise perfectly wonderful
crops. New Jersey has a good
trucking soil ; as children study¬
ing geography we were taught
2911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
291
that New Jersey was noted for
i its market gardening. Its one
* drawback is want of sufficient
rainfall. Dr. Fortier, Chief of
the Bureau of' Irrigation at
Washington, has tabulated the
rainfall and found that in 13 out
of 17 years the rainfall has not
been sufficient in New Jersey to
provide the crops with the re¬
quisite water. Inasmuch as the
whole State of New Jersey has
| a flow of water under it, as
soon as irrigation is practiced
more broadly it will increase to
) a very great degree the possi¬
bilities of the State.
The vast sums that have been
expended on irrigation in the
West have been mostly along
engineering lines for the purpose
of bringing the water to the land,
and very little effort has been
made in the direction of the
correct application of the water
to the crops. The Skinner peo¬
ple have developed a system
which secures absolute unifor¬
mity of water distribution, elim¬
inates labor and enables Mr.
Seabrook to secure the maxi¬
mum returns with a minimum of
expense. Mr. Seabrook has a
tank near his barn which con¬
tains 5,000 gallons of water; it
is 50 feet high. A four horse¬
power engine is used which
pumps at the rate of 100 gallons
a minute. The past season Mr.
Seabrook had installed on one
side of his farm an eight horse¬
power engine which runs a
duplex pump with from 90 to
100 pounds pressure. The water
is ditched from a nearby stream.
The main pipe, three inches in
diameter, runs through the mid¬
dle of the farm and feeds both
ways. The overhead method of
water distribution possesses ad¬
vantages not obtainable from
any other method. The over¬
head pipes are V/z inch in¬
side diameter, the holes in the
pipes one yard apart. The pipes
are eight feet high and thus do
not interfere with horse cultiva¬
tion. The rows of pipes are 50
feet apart and the water reaches
25 feet each side. This gives a
uniform rainfall, and if none
comes from the clouds this sys¬
tem is turned on every third
day. A slight twist of the wrist
turns the lever, and one man
makes the gentle rain to fall.
There is also a device for spray¬
ing the crops with fungicides,
insecticides and commercial fer¬
tilizer, and in some sections of
the South a heater is used for
raising the temperature of the
water, adding to the element of
frost protection.
CORA J. SHEPPARD.
TRACTION SPRAYER
Several people ask why the
manufacturers do not put on the
market a gasoline spray machine
with power strong enough to
work the pump and also propel
the machine like a motor car.
The following statement by one
well-known maker will answer
for all :
‘‘It can, of course, be worked
out, but you must keep in mind
the fact that the cost would
make it almost prohibitive. You
would not think of planning for
a commercial truck self-propell¬
ing wth a horsepower less than
25 or 30, would you? What,
then, would be the estimated
cost of the commercial truck?
Probably not less than $1,500 or
$1,600, and to this price must be
added the cost of the spraying
ONIONS UNDER SKINNER IRRIGATION SYSTEM. Fig, TO.
OVERHEAD IRRIGATION OF CELERY. Fig. SO.
MR. SEABROOK’S RESIDENCE. Fig. 81.
equipment and the tank. Do you
believe that any farmer would
be willing to pay it? Have you
ever heard of a commercial
truck, self-propelling, w h i c h
would carry a load of two or
three tons, that could be bought
for less than $1,200 or $1,600?
It seems to the writer that the
price makes this sort of an ap¬
paratus out of the question. It
can, of course, be worked out
mechanically.”
CONCENTRATED LIME-
SULPHUR.
Many requests come for in¬
formation about making concen¬
trated lime-sulphur at home.
Last year Prof. J. P. Stewart, of
the Pennsylvania College, gave
detailed instruction. We repeat
the essential facts here :
The utensils needed are a
cooker, measuring stick, strainer
and hydrometer. Their total cost
need not exceed $15. The cooker
may be of either iron or wood,
and use either bottom heat or
steam. If steam is used it is
preferable for accurate work
that it be in closed coils, rather
than live steam, at least in the
latter stages of the process. This
is merely because it is desirable
that the final volume be under
control and be decreasing rather
than increasing. Steam-jacketed
kettles with mechanical agitators
are available, and they work very
nicely, indeed. But where stor¬
age is not considered and lower
densities are permissible, there
is no objection to making the
material with the use of live
steam throughout.
In making 50 gallons of con¬
centrate the procedure follows :
Materials — Fifty pounds best
stone lime (not over 10 per cent
impurities), 100 pounds sulphur
(kind stated above) ; 50-55 gal¬
lons of total product at finish.
Put 10 gallons of water in kettle
and start fire. Place lime in
kettle. After slaking is well
started, add the dry sulphur and
mix thoroughly, adding enough
water to maintain a thin paste,
which requires about five gal¬
lons. After the slaking and mix¬
ing are completed, add water to
the height of 50 gallons on the
measuring stick and Fring to
boil and stir until the sulphury
scum practically disappears. Then
add water (preferably, but not
necessarily, hot) to the 60-gallon
height and boil again to 50 gal¬
lons, if storage space is limited.
If it is not limited, a little more
water may be added the third
time, and boiling stopped at
about 55 gallons. The material
should be kept well stirred, es¬
pecially during the early stages
of the process, and any lumps of
sulphur or lime should be thor¬
oughly broken up. The boiling
usually requires 40 to 60 min¬
utes. The liquid is strained into
a barrel or tank and kept away
from the air. When used it is
diluted by mixing with water.
REMOVING TREES WITH
DYNAMITE. — In clearing land
I have used dynamite under
some apple trees 1C inches in
diameter with good results.
Three sticks of the explosive
lifted some of them (whole
trees) out of the ground bodily,
an expense of 40 cents, about, so
applied accomplishing as much
as two men could effect in sev¬
eral hours of hard work, or,
more likely, half a day. c. L.
Manhasset, L. I.
26*
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
March 4,
TALES OF PEACH TREE AGENTS.
K. K., Mifflingburg, Pa. — Do peach trees
budded on the wild root bud later in the
Spring and are thus less liable to freeze
the blossoms than those budded on the tame
root? Are peach trees budded on the wild
peach root more hardy, longer lived, more
certain annual bearers, less liable for the
borers or worms to work on, than the
peach tree that is budded on tame root?
The agent who spoke to me stated the wild
roots were obtained from North Carolina.
Ans. — Almost every nurseryman who
made a specialty of growing peach trees
in the past stated first of all things that
his trees should be planted by the or-
chardist, because he budded all of his
trees on stocks grown from natural
Tennessee seed, gathered in the moun¬
tains where no yellows or any other
peach disease had ever been known to
exist. This was true to a great extent.
Thousands of natural or wild peach
trees grew and thrived in the mountain¬
ous districts of Tennessee. The moun¬
taineers gathered the fruit, which was
small and clingstone, as a rule. They
cut off the flesh from the stone and dried
it in the sun, then carried both the dried
fruit and the stones to some store where
they traded them for groceries or other
supplies, just as eastern farmers take
their produce to town or village store
and “trade it out.” The storekeeper sold
the peach fruit, or rather, fuzz and skin,
to wholesalers who distributed it
throughout the country, and from this
source came about all of our unpeeled
dried peaches. The seed was sold either
direct to a nurseryman or to wholesale
seedsmen, who retailed them to the
nurseryman. The supply of Tennessee
seed kept diminishing, and the demand
kept increasing, hence a new source of
supply was needed. It was found that
large quantities of natural fruit were
growing in the mountainous regions of
North Carolina, also in Accomac Co.,
Virginia, but the North Carolina seed
was much larger than the Tennessee
seed, and the Accomac County seed still
larger than the North Carolina seed,
thus reducing the number of seeds per
bushel. The Tennessee seed contained
a large percentage of twin .kernels, but
the larger North Carolina and Acco¬
mac Co. seldom had twin kernels. In
later years the Smock seed was used as
the nearest approach to the natural seed.
The advent of the canning and evapo¬
rating houses opened up a new supply
of seed, and the mesh of the screening
machines made Tennessee, North Caro¬
line, Accomac County and Smock. Can
house seed has furnished the stock or
root system of many thousands of the
best orchard trees there are in fruiting
at the present time. The one important
part for the future life and success of
the tree is that it be budded on a stock
grown from a healthy seed, no matter
whether that seed was grown from a
natural cling from North Carolina,
Tennessee or Accomac County, or from
a freestone Smock, Mixon, Elberta, or
any other variety, grown in New Jersey
or any State. If the stock is healthy and
a healthy bud is inserted in that stock,
the result will be a healthy tree. On
the other hand, no matter how healthy
the stock may be, if a bud is inserted
in it from a diseased tree, especially
one affected with the yellows, or the
“little peach,” the result will be a
diseased tree, and the same results
would follow if the stock was grown
from a diseased seed.
The terms “wild” and “tame” I pre¬
sume is meant to distinguish seedlings
grown from natural and named, or im¬
proved varieties. The seed planted from
the very largest and best improved
varieties becomes a natural seedling
again, and may bear only small cling¬
stone fruit; on the other hand, some
natural seed will grow large freestone
fruit. All seedlings are termed “nat¬
urals” whether they came originally
from an unnamed or named variety. The
main point is to have them healthy if
used for a stock to grow other varieties
on. Some of the improved or named
varieties have a strong tendency to re¬
produce themselves almost identically
from their own seed. This is especially
true of the Smock and of the old Red-
cheek Melocoton. Many of the seedlings
of these varieties, under other names,
would puzzle the very best judges to
distinguish them from the parent or
original variety. The stock will have
nothing whatever to do with the hardi¬
ness, time of blooming or guarding
against late frosts, nor will it insure
annual bearing or drive away the borer.
The salesman may not know a peach
tree from a plum or apricot, but he has
been drilled to say certain things, and
those things are pleasant easy things;
for instance, if he can persuade a waver¬
ing planter that his trees will not need
much care as compared with other trees,
that they will be free from borers and
freezing, bloom later and bear earlier,
he gets the order at double price. The
customer most likely gets some bitter
experience and waits until some other
fellow comes along with a better story,
when he bites again, while within driv¬
ing distance is a home nursery, where
he can go and get honest advice and
good trees. If the inquirer would ask
his neighbors who grow peaches on the
same soil as his own, under the same
climatic conditions, etc., he would get
first-hand information. If peaches are
not grown in his vicinity, then consult
his State Horticulturist about growing
peaches under the conditions that he
will have to give them; from either
source he will get unselfish and un¬
prejudiced advice.
The peach succeeds best on a sandy
loam. The later varieties will succeed
on sandy loam or on heavier land (not
a compact clay) if well drained (wet
land is death to the peach). The loca¬
tion is a very important matter; a slop¬
ing hillside, preferably a northern ex¬
posure, but any elevation to secure a
perfect air drainage. Never plant in
protected southern exposures, as the
warm days of the Winter and early
Spring will cause the buds to swell, and
a sudden fall in the temperature will kill
or injure them. Avoid too much
nitrogenous food, but give an abund¬
ance of phosphoric acid and pot¬
ash in the form of bone and muri¬
ate of potash, wood ashes, etc. Se¬
lect hardy varieties when the location
is in cold or changeable weather condi¬
tions. Those classed as the North
China type are the best for the Middle
and Northern States. This includes such
well-known and standard varieties as
Greensboro, Carman, Belle of Georgia,
Capt. Ede, Elberta, Heiley, Thurber,
Waddell and Miss Lola. The Champion
is hardy both in bud and tree, a great
cropper, fine large fruit of the very best
quality — but rots badly. All white flesh
peaches are hardier in bud than are the
yellow-fleshed freestone varieties — when
of the same class or type.
The Smock class, which are yellow,
have small tight-folded blossom buds
like the white varieties — hence are hardy
like the white-flesh varieties. The
Melocoton or Crawford class have large
loose blossom *bu'<ls, which swell _ when
a warm wet day or two comes in the
Winter or early Spring, and a sudden
freeze kills the water-soaked germ. The
clings and semi-clings have small tight¬
ly enveloped fruit buds, and are hardiest
in bud. The white-fleshed freestones
and the Smock class of yellow free¬
stones are the hardiest of their class.
The Crawford class are tenderest in
bud. All of this is true regardless of the
stock upon which they were budded, the
stock must come from a healthy seed,
no matter where the seed came from.
The hardiness will be in the variety
itself, and not from the stock it was
budded on. The borer attacks the peach
of every variety, but is worse on light
soils than heavy — the cure is the knife
and wire. The annual cropping will de¬
pend upon the care, cultivation, pruning,
thinning, feeding and location more than
anything else. The trees should be pur¬
chased of a reliable nurseryman who can
be held responsible for his contracts. Do
not buy from anyone who makes un¬
reasonable or extravagant representa¬
tions. No responsible nurseryman would
allow his agents to make such state¬
ments as your correspondent quotes, and
no sensible person should listen to them
when they are made. E. s b.
will be a source of pleasure and profit if you enrich the soil, plant
BUnnEXjLi’S BEST SEEDS
and give it good cultivation.
You will meet with loss and disappointment if you plant poor seed.
Burrell’s Seeds have a National Reputation for High Quality. You can
buy them direct.
Every reader of the Rural New-Yorker should plant some of these
seeds. Catalog free.
D. V. BURRELL, A. II, Rocky Ford, Colo.
SEND for THIS BOOK
<J[ It is full of reliable information concerning Trees
and Plants and is free to all who are interested in them.
<J[ Our stock includes a most complete line of Fruit
and ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Vines, also Roses
and Hardy Flowering Plants in variety, the quality of
which will suit the most discriminating buyer. We so¬
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Vhe NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES, Inc.
BEDFORD MASS.
Is popular because profitable everywhere. We
have a good stock of a fine strain of this
variety, as well as many others, in all sizes.
SPECIAL until sold
Elberta, Stump, Niagara, Crawford’s Late,
Chair’s Choice, Belle of Georgia, Old Mixon and
Reeve’s Favorite, lfc to 2i feet with very fine
root system.
At $5.00 per 100
delivered prepaid to any part of New Jersey, New
York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania or Delaware.
Get our New Catalogue. It is free. It describes and prices the finest line of
Fruit and Ornamental Trees ever offered.
JOS. H. BLACK, S ON & CO. *888®®
FRUIT TREES
Our Proof to date after years of service is that
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This Proof will he submitted with our new
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H C WIT *"Y fit QHN Ray 199 Pavnox N Y
GATALPA
CDCnmOA TDCCQ Mine are true to name.
OlCulUon InLLO Free booklet tells all
about the 150 acres I am growing for telephone
poles. H. C. ROGERS, Box 111, Mechanicsburo, 0.
The Right Place To Buy Trees
is where you get the best trees at reasonable prices.
We grow that kind for our customers. For years it has been our
study to produce the best, and sell as low as such stock can be sold for.
Send us a list of the trees or plants you want to plant and see how cheap
we will price them to you. PEACH TREES are a specialty, but we
have all kinds of FRUIT TREES and BERRY PLANTS as well as
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. Our illustrated catalog
describes the most desirable varieties as well as gives many valuable
hints on planting and care of them. Write for it now.
THE BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO., Box 8 YalesvHle, Conn.
1911
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
263
A CROP OF ONION SEED.
The picture, Fig. 83, shows a field
of onion seed grown from selected bulbs
by I. A. McCoy, formerly an extensive
market gardener and seed grower of this
locality. Mr. McCoy recently removed
to Virginia, where he is still engaged in
seed growing. The bulbs intended to
produce seed arc carefully selected for
uniformity as to shape, color and size,
and stored in a dry place over Winter.
In the Spring the bulbs are set out in
well prepared soil, which should be rich
and mellow, but not too rich in nitrogen
as the blossoms will “blast” and but
little seed be produced. The soil in the
field shown in the picture is a sandy
loam somewhat alluvial in character,
and well adapted to onions. When the
seed heads are ripe the crop is harvested
and dried under cover, when the seed
may be thrashed and cleaned with a
fanning mill. A crop of onion seed re¬
quires much hand work, setting out the
bulbs and harvesting the seed, but it is
usually a profitable one. Mr. McCoy at
first grew his seed for a seed firm but
later sold direct to the planters with
greater satisfaction. He sold to the
same customers year after year, so his
spread with red, instead of the striped
fruit of the common type. Several in¬
stances are known where the Graven-
stein has developed sports of this kind.
Some of these have never been described
nor propagated. Others of them have
been introduced into cultivation under
distinct names. Leroy, in his Diction-
naire de Pomologie, published in Paris
in 1873, describes a sport of this kind.
Gaucher in his Pomologie der Prakti-
schen Obstbaumzuchters, published in
Stuttgart in 1894, also describes a Red
Gravenstein. The writer in his “Report
on the Apples of New York,” published
at Albany in 1905, gives a description of
the Banks apple, which is a red sport
of the Gravenstein. The Banks has
been quite largely planted in commercial
orchards in the Annapolis Valley in No¬
va Scotia. s. A. BEACH.
Ames, Iowa.
Spring Cultivation for Strawberries.
Should strawberries be cultivated in May
and .Tune before fruiting? Will you stim¬
ulate leaf growth too much, and get softer
berries? My land is not very rich, straw¬
berries ripen here in July, and we are sub¬
ject to dry spells at about that time. I lost
nearly my whole crop last Summer for lack
of rain. The general opinion among growers
here is that fruiting fields should be mulched
and not cultivated until after picking time.
I could conserve moisture by cultivation and
keep down grass and clover, which are our
worst weeds here. I have 18 acres of
strawberries ; if I could raise 100 cases more
A CROP OF ONION SEED. Fig. 83.
seed must have been good and true to
name. This man made a specialty of
a selected strain of Yellow Globe
Danvers onion, and no doubt he de¬
served the success he attained with this
seed crop both in growing and selling.
Highland Co., O. w. e. duckwall.
ANOTHER RED GRAVENSTEIN APPLE.
A new sport of the Gravenstein apple
has appeared in the Pacific Northwest.
It is being disseminated under the name
Red Gravenstein. It originated at Olga,
Washington, on Orcas Island, one of the
San Juan group in Puget Sound. In a
certain 10-acre Olga orchard stand 50
Gravenstein trees, which have been in
bearing about 10 years. On one of
these trees a limb has grown out from
the main trunk about three feet from
the ground, which from the time the tree
first commenced to bear has produced red
apples instead of the striped fruit of
the common type of the Gravenstein.
These red apples borne by the sporting
limb are either completely covered with
red or show more or less of the yellow¬
ish or orange yellow background where
the red fails wholly to overspread the
fruit, but they are not striped. In form,
flavor and other qualities than color the
sport is like the Gravenstein. The
owners state that it is a better bearer
and a better keeper. Whether it will
prove to be so generally in other lo¬
calities can be determined only by trial.
Fruit of this sport which was exhibited
at the National Apple Show in Spokane
last November, certainly showed excel¬
lent keeping qualities for Gravensteins.
This sport clearly has an advantage over
the common Gravenstein in its superior
color, and for this reason it will doubt¬
less be recognized at once by commercial
orchardists as being more valuable.
The pravenstein, like the Twenty
Ounce, is a variety which shows a ten¬
dency to develop bud sports, which pro¬
duce self-colored fruit more or less over-
per acre by cultivation, it would mean a
great deal to me. • c. v.
Bayfield, Wis.
We believe in Spring cultivation for
strawberries. We would give the soil a
thorough cultivation once, not deep, but
over the entire surface not covered by the
plants. It accomplishes just what you say
it does. It stimulates plant growth, and
this is just what we want. If the plants
are left to themselves, they do not make
enough growth to carry through the crop of
fruit, aud easily succumb to disease. It
certainly has a tendency to make larger
fruit, and therefore softer fruit. But we
find that while in some seasons the fruit
will be too soft, there are more dry than
wet seasons ; and in a term of 20 years you
will get more benefit by stirring the soil
in Spring than by letting it remain un¬
touched. I should remove the mulch, cul¬
tivate, and then put the mulch right back
to save the moisture aud keep the fruit
clean. L. J. farmer.
New York.
I never practice Spring cultivation. I
always mulch quite heavily, and I prefer
not to disturb the mulch. 1 do not work for
early berries, and I want to keep the soil
as cool and moist as possible. If I wanted
early berries I would remove the mulch and
cultivate till nearly blossoming time, and
then replace the mulch. That would loosen
and warm the soil, and in some kinds of
soil, might improve tlu- moisture retaining
properties. Removing the mulch, cultiva¬
tion aud replacing the mulch adds quite an
item to the expense, and on my soil is of
no benefit. E. c. gillett.
New York.
I practiced cultivating strawberries in
the Spring several years ago, even taking
the trouble of taking the mulch off and
then putting it back again. If the ground
dries off early in the Spring and becomes
weedy, I would think it would be a good
thing to cultivate, although expensive. For
the last few years my ground dried off so
slowly that I just went through and pulled
out the weeds. t. r. hunt.
New Jersey.
It does not pay except to kill weeds, and
there ought not to be weeds to kill if the
beds are handled right in the Fall before.
Connecticut. j. c. eddy.
My experience with the strawberry plant
is not to cultivate in the Spring. You
cannot cultivate the soil but what you will
destroy more or less a large number of the
fine fibrous roots that start to grow very
early in the Spring. A strawberry plant in
the Spring is composed of several long
tap-roots ; it is from these tap-roots that
the feeding roots start. If you will observe
in early March you will find these fine roots
working through the soil, and very often
you will find them near the surface.
New Jersey. t. c. kevitt.
R. N.-Y. — In our own practice we do not
cultivate in Spring. Winter usually leaves
the soil well filled with moisture. The ber¬
ries are mulched. By raking the mulch
away from the plants, between the rows,
this moisture is held in the soil. This is
for fruiting beds. For Fall-set hill plants
which would not give much fruit anyway
we cultivate.
Beautifully Illustrated Catalogue, 144 large pages
Now Ready Mailed Free
Eschscholtzia Thorburni
- (CALIFORNIA POPPY) _
Hardy Annual. Sow Outdoors in Spring
The Grandest of all Eschscholtzias
J. M. THORBURN & CO.
DEPT. Y
33 BARCLAY ST., and 38 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK
(About Yi Natural Size)
THE unopened buds on outer
side of petals are of the
deepest crimson, toning down
in the inner side to bright
flame color and molten gold.
We will mail a packet of this
valuable novelty and a copy of
our beautiful catalogue, the
best seed annual published iu
America for only I O cents,
stamps or coin. (Regular- price
of seed, 15 Cents per packet.)
WRITE TO-DAY
“CORN TALK”
How to produce a maximum crop at a mini¬
mum cost. A valuable treatiso on the modern
methods in Corn Culture. Many new sugges¬
tions invaluable to Coin raisers, in this my
revised treatise. It tolls how to produce 100
bushels shelled corn per acre without fertilizer
or manure, and at the same time increase the
productiveness of your land, lligliost compli¬
ments upon the merits of this book received
from the Agricultural Colleges from a number
of States. FREE. A postal card will bring it.
VV. OSCAR COCCI MR, Corn Specialist
Noll’s Tested Seeds
EACH YEAR OUR BUSINESS GR0WS-S0 00 OUR SEEDS.
A TRIAL MAKES YOU A PERMANENT CUSTOMER.
SPECIAL OFFER-PRIZE COLLECTION
Six Superb Varieties PANSIES— Blue , Purple, Y el-
low, White, Violet, Garnet. Worth separately 00c
Send only 25 CENTS to cover postage and pack-
ing and receive SEEDS POSTPAID, together with I
beautiful 112-page GARDEN and FLOWER BOOK I
(250 illustrations) Free.
J. F. NOLL, 112 MULBERRY STREET, NEWARK, N. J. I
S? Farmer-fhT Farmer’sWif e
6 Henderson Specialties and
Our Big Illustrated Seed Book
HERE’S a book that will help make bigger profits
for you. 212 pages of information. 8 color
plates. Over 800 photo engravings showing actual
results without exaggeration from HENDERSON’S
tested seeds. Use them for bigger yields per acre
and better prices per bushel.
Best of all, it contains 8 pages of general cultur¬
al information no farmer can afford to miss.
AND HERE IS WHERE THE FARMER’S WIFE COMES IN.
This year we have induced Mrs. Rorer— the famous culinary
expert— to furnish one recipe for cooking each vegetable. There
are three pages of these. The best recipes by the best cook.
How to get the
Book and Specialties
Send us 10c. mentioning this paper and we will send you
the famous Henderson Seed Book “Everything for the
Garden” together with one packet of each of the following
Henderson’s Specialties :
Scarlet Globe Radish
Henderson’s Invincible Asters
Giant Spencer Sweet Peas
Ponderosa Tomato
Big Boston Lettuce
Mammoth Butterfly Pansies
These packets are enclosed in a coupon envelope
which when emptied and returned, will be accepted
as 25c cash payment on any order of one dollar
or over.
P. S. — As this re¬
markable offer is
made solely to
demonstrate the
superiority of Hen¬
derson’s T ested
Seeds, only one
can be sent to any
bne person.
Peter Henderson
& Co.
35-37 Cortlandt Street
New York City
PETER HENDERSON & CO..
35-37 Cortlandt St., New York City
I enclose herewith 10c for which send
catalogue and “Henderson Specialty
Collection” as advertised.
264
“THE: RURAL» NEW-YORKER
March 4,
INCLUDING
APPLE, CHERRY, PEACH
PEAR, PLUM, QUINCE
Also Roses, Shrubs and Orna¬
mental Trees. Send list of
wants for prices to
WESTERN N. Y. NURSERIES
ROCHEST ER, NEW YORK
Pears
Plums
Cherries
Grapes
Asparagus
Shade and Ornamental Trees.
Are you going to plant any of the above
this spring — if so you will save your
money, time and worry by sending for
our catalog. It tells you just what you
want to know about fruit trees and plants
of all kinds. We have over 2000 acres
in nursery stock — all vigorous, healthy
and the best that can be grown.
Write us about your needs today.
Ton Yalnabl. Fnrms for Sale. Wrltfl for Particulars
HARRISON’S NURSERIES
IJox 16 BERLIN, MB.
anz non apple and
«Iid,UUV PEACH TREES
Our prices are 50 per cent less than you
pay agents and dealers, because in
buying direct from the growers you
SAVE TWO PROFITS
and run no risk. Every tree as repre¬
sented. True to name. Fresh dug.
Personal attention given each order.
2 Apple Trees }
postpaid for 25 cents.
Everybody send for Free catalogue.
Maloney Bros. & Wells,
Box 13 , Dansville, N. Y.
Ellwanger & Barry’s
"Trees
Shrubs
Roses and Plants
are known and planted everywhere.
Leaders for 70 years. Booklet free.
MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES, Rochester, N. Y.
NIcKAV*S Peach Trees -
McUAV’S Dwarf Apple Trees -
M CHAV'S Acre Cherry Orchard, S15 -
McKAV’S Rose Bushes on their own roofs -
McKA Y*S Fertilizer Chemicals -
McKAV’S Agricultural Lime, $3 per ton
McKAY’S Catalogue tells about them— and more
L. McKay, Geneva, N. Y. BoxR.
Olympic Nature Nursery.
THE FOREST CONSERVATORY.
Oregon Grape, Rhododendron, Madrona, Huckle¬
berry, Ferns, Blackberry, Salal, Twin Flower,
Spirea, Trillium, Wild Lily-of-the-Vnlley, Ever¬
greens and other Puget Sound Plants and Flowers.
Special Mail Collections— Ten plants for 50 cents;
24 for $1, postpaid in the United States. Money
hack if not satisfied. Make money orders payable
to .JOEL SHUMAKER, Nellita, Washington.
FRUIT TREES
Pears, Barf left, Seckel and others. Fine,
trees. Chorrles, very low in price. Plums,
best varieties. Poaches, grown from buds
from bearing trees. Guaranteed true-tcr
label. Also extra fine
Currants and Crapos,
any quantity, spe¬
cial 40c, 81 and $2.50
Lot Offers, for gar
den planting for borne
use : Onr prices bave not been
advanced to meet the recent
general raise. Get wholesale
prices direct from us and save $
to J. Free catalog. Write.
W. P. RUPERT & SON, Box 20, Seneca, N. Y.
Also Breeders of Prize Hampshire Sheep.
Save MONEYonTrees
by ordering direct from the nursery. We can
save you the agent's commission and sell you
high grade trees, plants and vines at prices
usually charged for a lower grade stock.
Write now for our valuable Free book.
We grow our own stock and guarantee it.
ALLEN L. WOOD, Wood lawn Nurseries
573 Culver Itoad Rochester, N'.
BRUSH BURNER.
The question of handling trimmings
is often a tough one with the fruit
grower. It is a nuisance to drag them
out of the orchard for burning, while
a large, hot fire in the orchard often
injures the trees. Mr. Wm. Miller, an
Ohio fruit grower, has devised the burn¬
er shown at Fig. 84. It can be made of
AN ORCHARD BURNER. Fig. 84.
A WATER SYSTEM
WITHOUTa WATER TANK
Equipment may be placed at any distance
from the vveH. Outfits supplied for any lift.
Don’t use an immense tank, either
elevated or buried, for storing
water. Stored water is unheal thful
for your family and your stock.
Pump the water direct, with com¬
pressed air, as you use it. Supply
the home with water fresh from
the well by using the
PERRY PNEUMATIC WATER SYSTEM
The only water system which stores no water
YX7TTH the Perry System, the water stays in the well until it is needed. Continuous
v pressure in the pipes at all times, same as city supply. The Perry System forces
water from the source of supply to the faucets by direct air pressure. It stores com¬
pressed air, which is the power that forces the water from the cylinders of the pneu¬
matic pump. This stored air is reserve power, making it necessary to operate
the compressor only occasionally; therefore the motor, engine, or whatever power
employed may, in the meantime, be used for other purposes.
One air-compressing outfit will supply both hard and soft water, if desired.
Easy to install and operate.
The Perry System is adapted for open or driven wells, Jakes, rivers or springs.
Economical in operation. Endorsed by architects and engineers. Fully guaranteed.
Write for descriptive catalog.
UNITED PUriP AND POWER CO.
473 OLD COLONY BUILDING, CHICAGO.
iron or steel, open at one end and mount¬
ed on runners or skids, so that the team
can easily haul it. A fire started in this
can be kept going and the trimmings
hauled to the burner and disposed of at
1 once. Then the ashes are collected,
ready to be put where needed.
SPRAYING NOTES.
The most important thing connected with
spraying is to know when to spray, what
to spray for and what to use. If the
orchard had scale or blister mite, spray
when the buds are swelling, witli lime-
sulphur 1 to 10. For the apple scab, spray
just before the blossoms come out, with
lime-sulphur, one to DO or 35 ; and again
immediately after the blossoms fall, one to
40, and add three pounds of arsenate of lead
to 50 gallons. If cold and wet after, re¬
peat with same in two weeks. Thorough¬
ness in doing the work is very necessary.
Have a good pump with strong pressure,
and cover every bud and leaf, but be care¬
ful not to drench the tree. It requires
much experience and care to put just the
right amount on the tree. If you put
on too much you may injure the foliage
and may cause a dropping of the fruit,
especially if rainy or trees are wet. Try
to spray in fair weather. Farmers fail
because they are doing some other work
when they ought to be spraying, and not
doing thorough work. delos tenny.
Monroe Co., N. Y.
The most important essential to insure
a success with spraying is that the owner
of the orchard firmly makes up his mind
to do the best job he is .capable of. The
farmer who is “going to spray if he can
get time for it,” or who is only willing
to spend a limited time at it, say one
day. .when it .would take two to do it
right, is not apt to make a success. If
corn planting time and spraying conflict
better do the spraying first ; next to har¬
vesting the crops spraying is the most im¬
portant work I have to do. One of the
most common mistakes is not to put on
enough of the liquid on the foliage ; of
course, that which runs on the ground
does no good, but I have never seen any¬
one who could do a good job without hav¬
ing considerable on the ground. A com¬
mon mistake with beginners is a failure to
have pump and all the material ready
when the time comes. The time at which
trees bloom is variable, better have things
in place a month before they are needed
than ia few days too late. For my own
practice I have used Bordeaux mixture,
four pounds bluestone, five pounds lime to
| 50 gallons water, as a fimgicide, adding
; two pounds arsenate of lead as an insecti¬
cide, spraying three times during the sea¬
son. Last year was the first I had the
San Jose scale to contend with I used
the lime and sulphur, boiling it vigorously
for 40 minutes ; found it nasty, disagreea¬
ble stuff to handle, and its having to be
used as soon as made a great objection ;
worst of all, not entirely effective. I
found apples on one tree badly marked
with scale at picking time. I shall be
glad to hear from any of your readers
who have used oil against this pest.
Virginia. a. u. Lockhart.
The first or so-called “dormant” spray
is with 33 degrees lime-sulphur, one to eight
for San Jose scale, or one to 10 for blister
mite, at end of the dormant season, just
before leaf growth begins. The second is
an application of Bordeaux Mixture, 4-5-50.
with two pounds high-grade arsenate of
lead for apple scab, bud-moth and case-
bearer, after blossom buds have separated
and just before blossoms open. The third
spraying is to be applied as soon as two-
thirds of blossoms have fallen, to consist
of 33 degrees lime-sulphur, in proportion
one to 40, adding two pounds best arsen¬
ate of lead after spray tank is filled, and
when ready to start pump, giving thorough
agitation to insure thorough mixing. This
application is for both Codling moth and
apple scab, and is the most important one,
and should be done very thoroughly. The
third application might be repeated in
three to four weeks. Purchase only high-
grade materials from reputable manufac¬
turers, seek quality rather than price.
Spray from at least three sides of trees,
with the wind. c. E. w.
New York.
Spray, for I am sure it will pay ; never
mind the hay, you can save that some
other day ; for there is ho other way to
save the fruit but to spray the right day
and way, no difference what other say ;
and don't mind the cost, the fruit will see
that you get your pay ; that’s all I have to
say. F. A. KENDALL.
West Virginia.
HAVE YOU LAND TO TILE?
DO YOU WANT TO
EARN MORE
MONEY ?
TF you have a farm that is
not thoroughly drained,
we want to remind you
NOW to get ready for this
important work. Tile drain¬
age is more than important
— it is a necessity. If you
doubt this, talk with any
of your prosperous neigh¬
bors, or write to the U. S.
Department of Agriculture.
Whether or not you area
land owner — you may he
interested in doing ditching by contract in your own neighborhood. We say :
Before you start ditching by hand this spring or summer first consider how
expensive, how slow and unreliable hand work is. We want you to know
about the
Buckeye Traction Ditcher
—a machine that cuts a ditch to a perfect grade so much Better. Faster and Cheaper
that no one can afford to do the work in any other way. Our DITCHER is moderate in
price, simple and easy of operation, and a remarkable money-making and time-saving
device. Hundreds of farmers are already using the BUCKEYE and have found it always
satisfactory in every way. Farmers and Threshermen, here is the machine that can be
used eight to twelve months a year and bring in large returns on the investment. We
shall he pleased to mail you a copy of our 1911 Catalog No. 3 upon request.
BUCKEYE TRACTION DITCHER CO.
FINDLAY, OHIO
■
T
LJ
II
Buy Direct from IJs and Save Money!
All stock of Rigli Quality and Genesee
Valley Grown, where Scale is unknown.
« 1 PEACH TREES, *1
3 Blbert.a, 3 Early Crawford, 3 Late Crawford
3 Cham pi on, 3 Hills Chili, 3 Carman, 3 Ey. Hi vers
Trite to Name or Monei/ Hack.
Write now for Free Catalogue of Complete Line.
Reilly Bros. Nurseries, 1028 Reilly Rd., Dansville, N Y.
TREES
CATALOG FREE
—ISO ACRES. G enesee Valley I
grown. “Not the cheapest, lint
the best.” Never have had San
Jose Seale. Established I860.
GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
20 Maple Si., Dansville, N. Y. |
Sweet Com.
In making out your list of garden seeds for
the coming season do not fail to include
Ordway’s Golden Sweet Corn
This wonderful variety is early, tender,
juicy and sweet, and is rapidly growing
in favor.
Waste no time in planting any other
v *v if you want the best.
Carefully selected seed sent by mail t
receipt of price.
Half-pint, 20c,; Pint, 30c.; Quart, 60c.
ADDRESS
O. P. Ordway, Saxonville, Mass.
NURSERY STOCK IN BARGAIN LOTS _
I We pay Express or Freight to any R.R. station in the XT. S. ami guarantee satisfac¬
tion and arrival in good condition on all shipments oil these offers, which we hope will eucourago
the extensive planting of commercial sorts. They are GENUINE BARGAINS. No limit on these
bargain lots. Order one or more lots, as may be desired. These lots are all nice, clean stock, true
to name and free from disease. Write for descriptive price list. # * # *
NO. 1, FOR 86.00
100 Elberta Peach, 2 to 3 feet. 1 yr. from bud
10 Jonathan Apple, 1 year 2 to 3 feet
NO. 5, FOR 810.00
100 Apple, select, 1 year, 3 to fonr feet
10 Spitzenberg 30 Winesap 10 Rome Beauty
20 Winter Banana 30 Jonathan
NO. 4, FOR 88.00
100 Apple, 2 to 3 feet, first-class, one year
40 Jonathan 40 Rome Beauty 20 Winesap
NO. 7, FOR 815.00
50 Kieffer Pear, 4 to 6 feet, first-class 50 Early Richmond, 2 year, 4 to 6 feet
NO. 6, FOR 816.00
100 Cherry, 2 year from bud, 5 to G feet
80 Early Richmond 10 Montmorency
10 Dyehouse
. . . ORDER ANY OF THE ABOVE BY NUMBER . . .
■ HEW HAVEN NURSERIES, NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
1911.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee
THK RURA.I> N LC W - Y O RKER
266
ORCHARD CULTIVATOR
THE FORKNER LIGHT DRAFT HARROW
is the only perfect light running wheel cultivator
ever offered for orchard work. Each section is
so easily manipulated with levers that a small
boy can operate it and cultivate perfectly 30 acres
per day with one team of medium weight. With
this harrow one team can easily do the work of
two teams with ordinary harrows. Works well
in stumpy or stony land and does not clog with
loose grass, roots, etc. Its extension of lift.,
3*2 ft. each side of the team, enables perfect dust
mulching near the tree trunks without disturb¬
ing the branches or fruit, and eliminates the use
of the hoe. One machine will work 101) acres of
orchard and keep it in garden tilth. These ma¬
chines are labor savers and will reduce your
cultivating oxpenses one-half, even if you have
but five or ten acres of orchard. Full particu¬
lars on request. Address
LIGHT DRAFT HARROW COMPANY, Marshalltown, Iowa
'row onions
7/Bio^ofj'rcRop
VBEST SEEP/jnd!
only A.
Start Right with GOOD SEED
We know that our Seed is EXTRA
GOOD, and supply yearly many of
i the largest growers.
it $15? TO $300 PER ACRE
IS WITHIN YOUR REACH
Wo have an enormous crop of best
commercial varieties and make
Special Low Frices on quantity.
Tell us how many acres you will
plant in Onions and what varie-
ties and we will send samples
and rock bottom prices. Better
write now— it's worth your while.
Also any other seeds you need.
Henry Field Seed Co.
No. 26 Field Bldg.,
SHENANDOAH, IA.
u/mu.
- 0 f'l » l
of o° •
\$fti h
Hi i « ‘
o©
o
O/V/O/V SEED-
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg, Flat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
— — THE1LMANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA. -
ONION Fancy home-grown stock.
'“'■LllV-'flY JXZEmJ Send for samples and
prices. J. B. QUIRK, North Madison, Ohio.
FERRY'S
5* ft* To fln-
JLL BL_, Bar est flowers and
“ “ ” ’ most luscious
r vegetables, plant the best
seeds. Ferry’s Seeds are best
becausethey never fail In yield
or quality. The best garden¬
ers and farmers everywhere
know Ferry’s seeds to be the
highest standard of quality
yet attained. For sale
everywhere.
FERRY’S 1911 Seed Annual
Free on request
D. M. FERRY & CO..
tJETSOnr. MiBH.
lOMQO Privet Hedging"
Finest stock at a low price. APPLE and
PEACH in assortment with other stock.
A Large Stock Cherries
Largest trees at the lowest price in years.
SHADE TREES, Shrubs and Roses.
We ship by freight or express, well packed.
Wo cannot send our large healthy stock
in the mail bag. CATALOG FREE.
NORTH JERSEY NURSERIES.
Newark and Milburn, N. J.
FRUIT, SHADE and ORNAMENTAL
TREES, SHRUBS and ROSES
A Large Stock of the Finest Quality. Also
a Full Line of the BEST Spray Pumps, and
Spray Material. Prices Low and Satisfac¬
tion Guaranteed. We Deal Direct with
our Customers. Write for Price List.
CALL’S NURSE KIES, Perry, Ohio.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
^^CEHRl^mYNtJRSERIE^DESKG^UuMWO^Mlcr
Fruit Trees From the Grower,
Save middlemen’s expense and get them
fresh dug. Catalog free.
WM. J. REILLY. NURSERYMAN. DANSVILLE, N Y.
SALESMEN WANTED
TO SELL TREES AND PLANTS
Free outfit. Commis¬
sion paid weekly. Write
for terms. PERRY NURS¬
ERIES, Rochester, N. Y,
A NEW BERRY GRADING SYSTEM.
I do not know whether other berry grow¬
ers have as much trouble in getting their
strawberries properly graded in the field as
we have had, but it surely is a problem to
ship a uniform product when new pickers
are coming every day, some of them really
too young and others too dumb to observe
any rules and instructions we feel inclined
to give. As long as it does not require an
inspector for each picker, however, we must
retain them, unless totally incompetent or
unruly, for help is hard to get here in the
rich thinly settled prairie country, where
most farms are 200 or 300 acres in extent;
all the young folks are needed at home, and
most people are too well-to-do to work for
wages. Sometimes a whole family will
come for a day or two to pick on shares ;
until they have their home supply of fruit ;
for canning : then we have to break in a
now gang. We find these helpers almost
more difficult to manage than those coming
from the small towns. They do not like
to be told how we want the work done, are i
inclined to pick a row clean of berries, j
green or ripe, snap the berriqs off instead
of picking with the stem, a d cannot be |
made to understand that large and small or
cull fruit should be put in separate baskets.
Harris’ Home Grown Seeds
FRONT VIEW OF GRADING TABLE.
The whole family want to pick on the same
row, or, at least, as close together as pos¬
sible, and with the privilege of talking as
loudly as they please and visiting the other
pickers without restraint. The village pick¬
ers are ineliaed to pick short measures,
leave the smaller berries in the row, and
we have sometimes found a neat nest of
straw mulch in the baskets underneath the
berries to help out the measure. These are
only a few o. the minor worries that cause
the grower who desires to place upon the
market a fhst-elass guaranteed product to
desire some plan by which he may be cer-
tain that every box of berries he sends out j
is what it Is represented to be, and of a
uniform grade
We must, therefore, bring the fruit to
the packing shed ungraded and have in ,
charge at this point some help competent
to receive the berries, keen account with
the pickers, and sort the fruit into market- j
aide grades. The least possible handling 1
and tumbling about is greatly to be desired,
Digging Potatoes Raiser fob Seed at Harris’ Seed Farm
H ifi'h Grade Seed Potatoes We raise 30 acres of potatoes on our own
farm and every one is sold for seed. Wo
take the greatest care to keep up t he vigor and purity of the. seed by selection, both while
growing and after digging, and have some seed to offer that is much superior to the
ordinary seed offered by other dealers.
The “Silver King " potato, so highly recommended by Mr. C. T. Hunt, was introduced
by us, and we have the true stock. W e also have many other varieties, both early and late.
Ask for Special Low Prices as well as our Descriptive Catalogue.
We raise a lot of corn for seed right hero
!n western New York. This corn is far
Northern Grown Seed Corn
^ _ _ T _ _ _ o _ _ _ _ vv avv per
cent. Beware of poorly cured corn this year.
We offer some greatly improved varieties of both Flint and Dent corn.
Seed Oats of best varieties free from smut and thoroughly cleaned ; no weed seeds.
Soy Beans, Fetches, Choice Alfalfa Seed.
Garden Seeds of °Hr own growing— every one fresh and of highest possible
guaSity. A\ e mark the per cent that germinates on each lot of
seeds we sell. No other seedsman does this.
If you have not a copy of our Catalogue for this year it will pay you to ask for it. If you use garden
seeds in considerable quantities also ask for our Wholesale Price List for market gardeners.
JOSEPH HARRIS CO., Coldwater, N. Y.
END VIEW OF GRADING TABLE.
yet the expense, in time and money, of
handling each berry separately is too great
to be considered. In the great berry fields
of Missouri a quart scoop i« used at the
shed into which each box of f.uit is emptied
for grading, and the culled berries removed.
Sometiin.-s. however, unless the work is
slowly and carefully done the grading is not
thorough enough for a critical home trade,
and we have studied out a plan which we
consider superior, iu that not as much
tumbling is necessary and the berries can
be examined more carefully and rapidly.
Our picking stands are specially built of
three-eighths inch light stuff and are 16
inches long by 10 inches wide ; two inches
d at) at one side and four inches at the
other, the legs extending below the bottom
three and one inch, respectively, making
the top level when set on the ground. The
four-inch side is hinged at bottom and se¬
cured by hooks at each end at the top, that
it may be dropped down at the grading
table. The lining of the stand is of white
oilcloth and can be easily cleaned with a
damp cloth. It does not fit closely in the
corners of the frame, but should give a
cubic measurement of about 403 inches,
which is the standard six-quart capacity in
many States, including New York.
The grading table may be of any length
In laying out the garden use this book. Hundreds of cultural
articles tell plainly just where, when and how to plant flowers,
vegetables and plants— preparation of soil, fertilizing, water¬
ing, etc. 1911 edition increased to 288 pages, nearly 1,000
illustrations, 8 color and duotone plates. Over 1200 varieties
of Flower Seeds, 600 kinds of Vegetables, 2,000 kinds of Plants
described, besides Hardy Shrubs, Roses, Climbers, Small
Fruits, Aquatics, etc. The standard gardening guide for over
70 years. M ailed free to anyone mentioning this publication.
IHIEEK’S KTO< ' K-F I.OW E K E I» LARKSPURS
'Iliis beautiful old-fashioned favorite fio wer should bo in every garden. Easy to
row, flowering all summer in many exquivite shades of blue, rose, red, lilac, white
Ic. Mixed colors. 10 cents per packet. “Garden Book’’ free with each order. *
HENRY A. DREER,
END VIEW OF CARRIER.
desired ; the board at the back or receiving
side is 14 inches wide and inclined toward
the sorters at an angle of 20 or more de¬
grees, where it joins a 12-inch board, set
level. White oilcloth covers this table and
extends over the front about two inches,
which part is cut or slashed at the width
of each berry box, and strips extending out
from the bottom of the table divide the
fringe into any desired number of troughs
to guide the berries into boxes beneath and
to break their fall. The boxes slide along
continuously in a trough built as closely
as possible beneath the edge of the table,
and the berries, after the culls are removed,
are swept into them with a polished stick
or ruler. The boxes are then slid on to a
fiat table at the end of the trough, where
an extra supply of berries is kept for filling
and facing. We also wrap our cool, dry
berries in paraffined paper if they are to be
shipped without refrigeration. In the dia¬
gram of end view of carrier a is a hinge, 6
hook. The dotted line at a in end view of
grading table shows position of carrier open
for dumping. In front view of grading
table, a, a, a, strips extending out from
bottom of table about two inches ; b, b, b,
slashes in oilcloth (c. c.) making a trough
or leader into boxes placed below at d.
Indiana. w. a. witiiuow.
714 Chestnut Street
PHILADELPHIA.
i \ ■
MAULES SEEDS
ONCE GROWN ALWAYS GROWN
is tlie reason wliy Tor many years past I have
done such an enormous seed business. 79,430
customers in Pennsylvania alone, with almost
half a million the world over. My New Seed Book
for 1911 is a wonder; contains everything in
seeds, bulbs and plants worth growing. Weighs 13
ounces; 600 illustrations, 4 colored plates, 176
pages. Any gardener sending his name on a
postal card can have it for the asking. Address
WM. HENRY MAULE
1707-09-1 1 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa.
•Send 6 cents ( stamps ) and mention this <
paper and I unit enclose in the catalogue ‘
a packet of seed of the uhovc choice pansy.
CABBAGE SEED— Finest Danish Ball Hoad Cabbage
Seed grown. Imported stock. Oz. , 30c ; h lb.,
80c; 1 lb., $2.f)0, postpaid. Danish Giant Cauli¬
flower, oz.. $2.00, Order now. THE BATCHELOR
SEED STORE, 48 Lafayette Street, Utica, N. Y.
Better Seeds
Lower Prices
If we did not know we had something better to
offer you in seeds, at lower prices, we would not be
so anxious for you to have our catalog. No better
seeds can be had.— We offer them to you direct at
wholesale prices.
(Inbliage «ee<l— We supply seed to
the largcstgrowers and storers of cab-
, bage 1 n the U nited States— pure seed —
jtbe kind that produces cabbage, sure
to head up even and harduaud stand
up and stay green in
storage until spring. ,
Cauliflower Weed — Is Danish
grown, from selected head 8, screened I
so you get only large plump seed. We *
will forfeit $500 for better, truer seed
than we furnish at moderate prices.
.Onion Seed— Ttiereis no cleaner,
truer seed to be had. Get our
special prices before buying.
LCuouinber Seed— Is all grown
'in New York State. Aswhiteas
chalk— no seedsman putsout bet¬
ter pedigreed stock at any price.
Pens— We grow our own stock,
hand-picked and cleaned. Peas second to none.
Beans-We grow here, hand-picked,
screened, and graded. New York State beans
excel the world.
Sweet Corn— Ask the gardener or the can-
ner If he would plant western grown sweet
corn ? Ours Is all eastern grown. Field corn
on approval.
Forrest’s Honest Seeds are second to none
—and at about one-half the usual price.
Catalog free to all— drop us a postal.
CABBAGE SEED
New Enkhuizen Glory (the world’s best cab¬
bage) : extra selected seed, my own importa¬
tion. direct from Introducers in Holland, of
tli i s truly wonderful Cabbage. Lb. $2 50, Oz.,
35 cts., l*kt., iu cts. 1C. J. Wakefield, All
Head Early. Early Summer, Succession,
Winnigstadt, Surehead. Late Flat Dutch,
Drumhead, Lb. $1.50. Oz. 20 cts., Pkt. 5 cts.
Postpaid. Write for free Catalog.
. AUG. DRAKE, Seedsman, 100 Main St., Chester N. J.
FORREST SEED CO.. Box 32, Cortland, N. Y.
SEED CORN
WING’S IMPROVED WHITE CAP will out-
yield any other 120-day corn you can put beside it.
Improved on our farms by ear row test plots for
15 years. 3 acres have yielded 147 bu.per acre.
EXCELSIOR, pure white, has yielded 145 bu.
por acre in test plot. A splendid variety.
. /^J,N,9£,i20_DAY YELLOW, FUNK’S YEL¬
LOW DENT, and REID’S YELLOW DENT. The
three heaviest yielding yellow varieties in Ohio.
WING’S 90-DAY YELLOW. A sensation in
very deep grained, heavy yielding, very oarly ma¬
turing corn.
All our corn bred by ear row test plots. Write
today for catalog and information.
WING SEED CO.,Box 483 Mechanlcsburg, O.
200
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 4,
A CROP OF SWEET CORN.
The stalk of sweet corn shown in
picture was taken from a four-acre
piece of Clark’s Early Evergreen. It
was a curiosity; I do not know the
height of that stalk, the average height
was seven feet six inches throughout
the piece. The soil was limestone, clover
sod, mowed one year ; manure, 10 two-
horse loads to the acre ; phosphate, 300
pounds 14 per cent acid phosphate, put
on with a manure spreader; a half load
was thrown on, 30 pounds of phosphate
spread over that, then filled up the
spreader with manure. It was spread
on the land and plowed under eight
inches deep, jointer used with plow so
there were no raw edges. Fitted with
A GIANT SWEET CORNSTALK.
18-inch disk harrow first run with the
furrows very light, then we threw the
lever over to the last notch to .cut as
deep as it would, and lapped half and
went over the piece cornerwise, then
with smoothing harrow the other way
cornerwise, then marked, checked-rowed
42 inches each way. The corn was plant¬
ed May 20 and 21, 1910, with a hand
planter, what we call here a jabber;
cultivated until the corn was so high
we could not use the riding cultivator,
hand-hoed once. The four acres picked
32,500 pounds corn in the husks, that
averaged 80 per cent at the factory, which
made the average corn 26,000 pounds,
price paid for corn 70 cents per 100,
making $182 for the four acres, or $45.50
per acre. This was grown as an or¬
dinary farm crop. A.
Oriskany Falls, N. Y.
DANGER IN USING ARSENIC.
I have often wondered if the repeated
applications of poisonous mixtures to
fruit trees, etc., so common now, would
not have a tendency to poison the soil
and thus endanger health. The note be¬
low, taken from the “English Mechanic,”
which, in turn, takes it from the pub¬
lication .referred to, tends to confirm my
suspicions. “A number of determina¬
tions of the amount of arsenic present in
soil, plants, fruits and animals are re¬
corded in a paper by Dr. Headden in the
‘Proceedings of the Colorado Scientific
Society,’ Vol. IX. In the virgin soils ex¬
amined no fewer than 2.5 to five parts
per million were found, whilst the sub¬
soils contained even more, sometimes as
much as 15 parts per million. Orchard
sorls, where arsenical sprays have long
been in use, may contain 10 to 28
times these quantities, and yield appre¬
ciable amounts of arsenic compounds to
water.” Crops grown on these soils and
fruits from the trees all contained ar¬
senic, and it was also readily detected
in the urine of three persons who had
eaten quantities of these fruits.”
J. T. SCHMIDT.
Michigan.
R. N.-Y. — At the Colorado Agricul¬
tural Experiment Station it was found
that quantities of arsenic were formed
in the soil under and around apple trees,
in fact, the statements made in the
quoted paragraph are from the station
records. In Colorado conditions are
peculiar. There is little rainfall and or¬
chards are irrigated. The soil contains
considerable alkali, which combines with
the arsenic to hold it in the upper soil.
Also the Colorado apple growers fre¬
quently spray five or six times, using far
more arsenic to the tree than would be
the case in eastern orchards. All these
things combine to make a peculiar condi¬
tion favorable to the accumulation of
arsenic in the soil of apple orchards.
The station authorities are experiment¬
ing with new forms of arsenic and other
materials, like a form of nicotine or to¬
bacco which will kill the Codling worm
without injuring the soil. Thus far
these have not been fully successful.
The chemists at the eastern experiment
stations do not consider the danger seri¬
ous. They think that in our humid cli¬
mate the excess of arsenic will be
washed off the trees and out of the soil
without injury, and in any event our
growers do not use as much arsenic as is
used in Colorado.
Satisfaction v% Guaranteed Users
o. K.
Champion
Machines-
Are
Reliable
OUR PRICES
AND QUALITY
ARE RIGHT
Our O. K. Champion Planter makes and saves the
owner money. One man and team plant five or six acres of
potatoes a day accurately and easily. Learn moro about this
and our line of potato diggers, etc. Let ns send you oar free
Catalog. Write today. Dealers soil our machines.
Champion Potato Machinery Co.
151 Chicago Ave., Hammond, Ind.
Lessen Your Labor
by using the W
self-operating — up-to-date ^
ASPINWALL
Potato Planter No. 3
Work accurate. Adjustment simple. Mechanical
principles right. Durable— many in use from 10 to
SMyeare without a cent expended for repairs.
One person operates it.
Protect your crop with ASPINWALL SPRAYER.
Orchard and Broadcast attachments furnished
when desired.
Write for catalog, also our new booklet. “The
Potato.’’ It contains Information every farmer
should have.
Aspinwall Manufacturing Co.
437 Sabin Street Jackson, Mich., U. S. A.
World’s oldest and largest makers of Potato Machinery
WYOMING SHOVELS
Just one look tells you that WYOMING
SHOVELS will give that long, satisfactory
service you have been looking for.
They are made to stand the gaff. Their blades
are made of crucible steel — they seldom need grind¬
ing. Their strong ash handles defy the most severe
strain you are apt to put upon them.
If you want to accomplish twice the work in a
given time, and save the money usually lost in
buying inferior grades, use WYOMING SHOVELS.
Your money invested in them will be
well spent. Get a WYOMING SHOVEL
to-day and prove its worth for yourself.
All varieties of shapes. Every one fully
guaranteed. Write for our Free Booklet
“ Calling a Spade a Spade.” At your
dealers, or conveniently supplied.
WYOMING SHOVEL WORKS
Wyoming, Pa.
well seasoned!
ash handle/
ThePETTEBONE
Patent Protected
BackStrap
Rivets and
Back Strap
below the line
oj wear.
Blades made oj
Starxtard^rade
CRUCIBLE STEEL.
WANTED-RIDER AGENTS
hibit a sample 1911 Model “Ranger” bicycle furnished by us. Our agents every.
IN EACH TOWN
and district to
ride and ex«
nyone, anyw _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _
allow TEN DAYS’ FREK TRIAL during- which time you may r’icfe the ticycle’and put
1 it to any test you wish. If you are then not perfectly satisfied or do not wish to keep the
[ bicycle you may ship it back to us at our expense and you -will not be out one cent.
I flUf CAPTHRY DRIPTQ Wefumish the highest grade bicycles It is possible to make
“t# ■■ f HU 1 will rniUUO at one small profit above actual factory cost. You save fro to $25
middlemen's profits by buying direct of us and have the manufacturer's guarantee behind your
bicycle. DO NOT BUY a bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any price until you receive
our catalogues and learn our unheard olfactory prices and remarkable special offer .
YHII WII I DC ACTnillCUirn When you receive our beautiful catalogue and study
I UU " ILL DC MO I UlllOnCU our superb models at the •wonderful low prices vie
can make you. We sell the highest grade bicycles at lower prices than any other factory. We are
satisfied with $t.oo profit above factory cost. BICYCLE DBA LERS, you can sell our bicycles
under your own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received.
SECOND HAND BICYCLES — a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores will
be closed outat once, at $3 to $8 each. Descriptive bargain list mailed free.
TIREQ PHACTCR RRAIfE rear wheels, inner tubes. lamps, cyclometers, parts, repairs
■ In CD) UUHu I Elk DUHIVE and everythingin the bicycle lineatlinlf usual prices.
DO NOT WAIT — but write today for our Large Catalogue beautifully illustrated and containing a great fund ol
Interesting matter and useful information. It only costs a postal to get everything. Write it now.
MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept. A-8O1 CHICAGO, ILL.
‘A good investment
for the farmer ”
-Says the Little
Paint Man
A good investment for the farmer is paint. It is just as good an investment
for the farmer as fertilizers, seed corn or implements. Paint pays — that is,
good paint does.
The outside of every building on the farm is steadily depreciating and
will have to be renewed unless it is painted to protect it from the weather.
Lumber costs more than paint. A little lumber costs more than a great
deal of paint. Building costs more than painting.
Raw lumber in a house or any other building absorbs dampness, dries
out under exposure to the hot sun, and soon checks and decays until it is too
late to save it even with good paint.
With proper painting a farm building should last forty or nfty years
and longer.
When painting to protect your buildings, also paint to make them look
well. It is just as cheap to have the right colors as the wrong ones. You may
need advice on this. I have made a book of color schemes for the outside
of farm houses and other farm buildings, including barns, that not only
suggests the colors, but also tells about the paint.
It is free, so you had better write for it today.
Address THE LITTLE PAINT MAN, care of
Sher win -Williams
Paints & Varnishes
635 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. In Canada, 897 Centre Street, Montreal
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask for color cards
rag mm
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
267
PUMPKIN-SQUASH HYBRID.
Tiie squash shown in the picture (Fig.
88) grew on a vine produced by a seed
from a Delicious squash that was grown
near some pumpkin vines. The parent
seed and fruit were just like the rest
of the seed and squashes, but this par¬
ticular seed produced a vine that had
characteristics perculiar to both pump¬
kin and squash vines ; the rounded vines
of the squash with the spotted leaves of
the pumpkin vine. But one fruit ma¬
tured, and as will be noticed in the pic¬
ture, it had the shape and rind, also the
color of the squash, and the small hard
stem of the pumpkin instead of the large
soft stem peculiar to the Winter squash¬
es. When cut open the flesh had the
distinctive pumpkin odor, and the seeds
were small yellowish straw colored in¬
stead of white, and were thinner than
squash seed. There were but 14 seeds,
most of which were sent to Cornell Ex¬
periment Station. For some reason the
seed failed to grow for the Station peo¬
ple, and the seed I kept produced three
vines. These vines were in an isolated
spot and were of extreme interest dur¬
ing the entire growing season. One
vine, while apparently healthy, never
grew higher than three or four inches,
though it lived all Summer, and con¬
tinued to grow slowly. The other vines
made a vigorous growth ; one resembled
a pumpkin vine, while the other for the
most part resembled the squash vines,
though the fruit blossoms were herma¬
phrodite and the pollen blossoms,
though well formed, neither opened nor
produced pollen. This vine produced
no fruit, but judging by the embryo
they would have been quite pumpkinlike.
The vine having the pumpkin vine
A SQUASH— PUMPKIN HYBRID. Fig. 88
characteristics had normal blossoms ex¬
cept that the male blossoms produced
no pollen. One fruit was produced by
this vine, and in shape and color was
like the picture except it had a large,
round stem. The seed from which these
vines grew had been fertilized with pure
squash pollen, yet the pumpkin charac¬
ters persisted in the next generation;
squash pollen was supplied to the fruit
blossoms on both the vines of the second
generation, but the few seeds in the one
squash that grew were entirely hollow,
and a very interesting experiment came
to an abrupt end. Without possibility
of commercial value, this hybrid was
valued by the writer as an interesting
scientific curiosity, generally not sup¬
posed to be possible to produce. Prof.
L. H. Bailey, in his “Plant Breeding,”
speaking of the refusa1 ' distinct spe¬
cies to cross, says: ‘‘Tor instance, if
we apply the pollen of a Hubbard
squash to the flower of a common field
pumpkin, there will simply be no result,
the fruit will not form.” Prof. Bailey
had much, experience in crossing cucur-
bitaceous vines and wrote advisedly, but,
given the proper conditions, the bees
were able to produce a hybrid that baf¬
fled the skill of a painstaking scientist,
laboring to produce similar results.
Highland Co., O. w. e. duckwall.
POTATOES GROWN UNDER STRAW.
Having tried several methods experi¬
mentally to conserve moisture on an ex¬
tremely thin, worn piece of sandy soil
during the hot Summer nvpnths, I hit on
the following with excellent results. The
piece in question was very weedy, and had
been in cultivated crops two seasons, and
kept clean to eradicate them and al¬
though the soil had been manured to some
extent it would rapidly dry out even
after heavy rains. Dust mulches were of
no avail, and this season having a large
quantity of available partially rotted rye-
straw, after the second cultivation I drew
loads of it out and by driving the team
over the rows lengthwise this straw was
distributed evenly about three inches deep
between the rows, and thus over the field.
Hast season potatoes on this field were a
light crop, and dried out badly, although
we had copious rains during the growing
season. Last year, after experiencing a
most severe drought during the Summer,
potatoes here were a bumper crop, and
all through the season and at digging
time, the soil in this field was moist and
loose. Why? As previously stated, the
two thorough cultivations had mellowed
and stirred the soil to a good depth, some¬
thing like five or six inches, and the ap¬
plication of the straw following immediately
kept the hot sun from drying and crust¬
ing the surface, and agiiin when rain
came the force of impact of the drops was
broken by the loose straw barrier, and the
water made to percolate more slowly to
to the soil beneath. Besides, the straw,
acting somewhat like a sponge, held in sus¬
pension much of the moisture, even days
afterward, thus giving to the ground that
which would have otherwise packed the
surface and run off. doing no good. Also,
in explanation of the above, almost any
one can find and prove its counterpart by
raising a loose bit of board, old straw, or
sticks which have been upon the ground
some length of time ; no matter what kind
of soil these may be upon, invariably be¬
neath them the ground will be found moist
and cool. In my experiment this season
I applied about three tons wet straw per
acre. In the hottest days it would only
dry in an inch or so and was constantly
moist on its under surface during the
whole season. No weeds to any extent
came through the straw and this Winter
and next Spring it will further rot and
incorporate with the soil, and may be
readily plowed under.
Michigan. g. a. randall.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 24.
CHILDREN AFFECTED
By Mother’s Food and Drink.
Many babies have been launched into
life with constitutions weakened by dis¬
ease taken in with their mothers’ milk.
Mothers cannot be too careful as to the
food they use while nursing their babes.
The experience of a Kansas City
mother is a case in point :
“I was, a great coffee drinker from a
child, and thought I could not do with¬
out it. But I found as last it was doing
me harm. For years I had been troubled
with dizziness, spots before my eyes and
pain in my heart, to which was added,
[two years later, a chronic sour stomach.
“The baby was born 7 months ago,
and almost from the beginning, it, too,
suffered from sour stomach. She was
taking it from mej
“In my distress I consulted a friend
of more experience and she told me to
quit coffee, that coffee did not make good
milk. I have since ascertained' that it
really dries up the milk.
“So, I quit coffee and tried tea and at
last cocoa. But they did not agree with
me. Then I turned to Postum with the
happiest results. It proved to be the
very thing I needed. It not only agreed
perfectly with baby and myself, but it
increased the flow of my milk.
“My husband then quit coffee and used
Postum and quickly got well of the dys¬
pepsia with which he had been troubled. I
no longer suffer from the dizziness, blind
spells, pain in my heart or sour stomach.
“Now we all drink Postum from my
husband to my seven months’ old baby.
It has proved to be the best hot drink we
have ever used. We would not give up
Postum for the best coffee we ever drank.”
Name given by Postum Co., Battle
Creek, Mich.
Get the little book, “The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs.
“There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter ? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
FRUIT GROWERS FAVORITE SAW
IS THE MOST PRACTICAL TREE PRUNER EVER INVENTED
Because it saves time and labor and is so easy to
handle. It is made with a 15-inch draw cut blade
ami has a 7 or 8 foot handle.
Write, today for Descriptive Circular and Prices.
FRUIT GROWERS SAW COMPANY. Scottsville. New York.
Equip Your Garden Right
Cct the new sash that has two layers of glass and needs
no mats or other covers. Grow your flowers and vegeta-
b es way ahead of the season. Have a garden under
glass always growing.
Send For These Two Books
One is our valuable free cat¬
alog. In the other Prof. Masse;
tells what and when to plant in
hot-beds and cold-frames. Send
4c in stamps for this booklet in
addition to free catalog.
Sunlight Doable Glass Sash Co.
924 E. Broadway. Louisville, Ky.
4?
ISBELL’S JOHNSON OATS’
a
ISBELL’S NEW JOHNSON OATS
VERY PRODUCTIVE
THIN HULL
HEAVY GRAIN
STIFF STRAW
Johnson Oats originated here in Michigan and we have many
testimonials attesting to their value. The heads are large and
branching and loaded with big, plump, thin-hulled and bright grain.
Its roots run deep into the soil, thus supplying the plant with
moisture and food even in a dry season. It stools out and a single
plant produces a number of large heads. It is plump and heavy
often weighing 36 to 40 lb s. to the bushel. The straw is very stiff
and of medium height, holding up its large, well filled heads on the
richest ground when other varieties lie flat. “The Johnson” are not
side Oats. The money you invest in the Johnson Oats for seed will
yield a profit of 100 to 200 per cent in the increased yield you will
got over the common kind you have been planting. The extra cost
of the seed of the Johnson over common Oats is so light that no one can
afford to plant the common varieties. A change of seed once in 2 or 3
years is absolutely essential to growing good crops and when a change is
made get the best variety possible. The Johnson will fill the hill every
time. Prices by mail, postpaid: Pkt., 4c; qt., 18c; 3 qts., 45c. Not pre¬
paid: Qt., 10c; y2 pk., 18c; pk., 30c; bu., $1.00; in lots of 2 i/2 to 10 bus at
9oc; 10 bus. or more, at 92c per bu., bags free. Freight to be paid by customer,
'■-legant 104 pages Seed Annual FREE.
S. M. ISBELL GO. •■SOT
Jackson, Mich.
Seed Potatoes— Seed Oats
you
G^TMoun,t?i.n’ State of Maine and other leading varieties direct from our SEED FARMS to
at $2.00 per bbl. Tins is the age of the SPECIALIST and we are SEEO POTATO SPECIALISTS.
And offer .you at above price the very best SEED POTATOES that time, money and skillful
attention to details can possibly grow. Our SEED POTATOES were all harvested from fields abso¬
lutely tree from blight or diseases of any kind, and will produce strong, vigorous, lioalthy plants
that will give you the maximum yield. Send for descriptive price list which gives full description
of the best varieties of SEED OATS and POTATOES.
CIIAS 1ST. CORNER, : : OWEGO, NEW YORK
HHA NEW SEED OATS. Bijjmoney
I H in right kind oi oats. Here’9
M ggm 9R your chance. Imported Canadian
H ■■ H seed oats, raised on Galloway
#3B3 3 SM Brothers’ big farm in Canada.
U ■ B New, clean land. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought this seed from us last year raised as high as 75 to 100
pushels in this country, and found out their old seed was inbred
pnd run out. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed,
bend for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. Will also send
our free booklet, entitled “Big Money in Oats and How to Grow
Them. Gailoway Bros«-Bowman Company
662 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa
OATS
alog free.
THAT YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
breaks all records. Nothing like it.
Also SEED CORN. Samples and ent-
LHEO. BURT & SONS, MELROSE, OHIO.
CLOYER *"o TIMOTHY KSSS
Cheapest and Rest Seeding Known
Alslke, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully % AI-
sike, a great bargain. Most wonderful hay and pas¬
ture combination that grows. Write for Free Sam¬
ple and our large 76-page catalog describing this
wonderful grass mixture. " Far ahead of anything
you can sow and ridiculously cheap. He convinced,
it. A. Rerry Seed C’o., lioxsco Clarinda, Iowa-
nilfiinpd Hlnvpr 9ppfl Weareintheheartofthe
^.llJj.ly.C51 ulUlot OKcU clover tiistriot Buying
direct from the farmer and selling direct to you
gives you best quality, clean seed, and saves you
money. Also handle Aisike and Timothy. Sample
free. Order now. O. M. SCOTT & .SON, ” Only
Seeds— mostly clovers,” 10 Alain St., Marysville, O.
SEEO OATS— Long’s Tartar and Read’s Green Moun¬
tain Learning Seed Corn. High-class seeds at low
prices. Samples free. E. C. Dktmer, Napoleon, O.
CCCnC Clovers; Medium Red, Mammoth,
vLLUw Aisike, Alfalfa; Timothy, Blue Grass,
Red Top, Soy Beans, Cow Peas, Oats, Corn, etc.
Send for prices and samples.
ZAUK DAVIS C'O., Delaware Ohio
CnD QAI C— Canada Peas,$1.85bushel; Alas-
TUIi vnLt ka Peas, $4.00 bushel; Cow Peas.
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel.
Sow Canada Peas and Oats in March and harvest
a crop of Hay in May. Onion Sets at $2.25 per
bushel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del.
Clover Seed, Seed Corn, Seed Oats, AHP
Highest quality. Why not buy these direct? Cata¬
log of all kinds of farm seeds mailed free on re¬
quest. MACE & MANSFIELD, Greenville, Ohio.
“PRINCE HENRY” Potato. Heavy
yielding variety of Rural type. Excellent quality,
grown from selected and treated seed, choice stock.
2-bushel sack SI.4U, 5 sacks or more $l.3U each.
CHAMPION BEARDLESS BARLEY,
Pure and nice. 2 bushels $2.75, id bushels or more
$1.30 per bushel. J. N. MacPHEltSON, Pine View
Farm, Scottsville, N. Y.
OOD SEEDS
BESTIHTHE WORLD
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
I give x lot of new sorts for
jirial with every order I fill.
A Grand Big Catalog pppp
Illustrated with over IjlEIg
700 engravings of vegetables
_ and flowers. Send yours and
^liB^^^your neighbors’ addresses.
R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois*
GREGORY’S SEEDS
90 cents worth for
25 cents in coin
Aster, Gregory's Special Fancy Mixture, • . 19c.
Pansy, Gregory’s Special Fancy Mixture, . 15c.
Coreopsis, Gregory’s Special Fancy Mixture, 05c.
Poppy, Gregory’s Fancy Doable Mixed Annual*, 19c.
Mignonette, Gregory’s barge Flowering, very rl«h 19c.
Bachelor Button, Gregory’s Finest Mixture, 19c.
Petunia, Gregory’s Finest Hybrid Mixture, . 15c.
Candytuft, Gregory’s Finest Mixed, . . ,95c.
Nasturtium, Dwarf, Finest Mixed, .... 95c.
Sweet Peas. Extra Choice Mixed . 95c.
10 packages sentfor25c in coin. I
In addition to above, will send FIVB
of our regular FIVE CENT PACK¬
AGES of Vegetable seed, onr se¬
lection, with beautifnl Catalogue, if I
this paper is mentioned with order. I
H. GREGORY 8 SON, 157 Elm 8t..M9bbuhead, Musa .|
1 pk*.
1 pkg.
J pkg.
1 pkg.
1 pkg.
I pkg.
1 Pkg.
1 pkg.
1 pkg.
1 pkg.
SECOND CROP Seed Potatoes, best by test everywhere,
come the earliest, grows the largest crops of prims
potatoes. Catalog free. J. W. HALL, Marion Station, Md.
Three rousing big crops ol
SALZER’S
Alfalfa
We have sold enough of
this seed to sow half-a-
million acres and
every purchaser
has been enthu¬
siastic about it.
Ex-Gov. W. D.
Hoard of Wiscon¬
sin writes “I like .
the quality of your'nY^^
Alfalfa Clover very . _jr
much. On 30 acres ™
I raised over
$2500 worth of
Alfalfa Hay.
There is no
better money
crop that I
know of.”
You sow Salzer’s Northern Grown Alfalfa and
get three rousing big crops, in May, July and
August, besides having the best of pastures. It
will do this on any farm in America where
Timothy will grow. Get full particulars. Write
for our 1911 catalog. It’s free.
0
10 PACKETS OF
FARM SEEDS
100
Here’s our great trial collection at one cent
a package, composed of Spelfz, the cereal and
hay wonder. Silver King Barley, a world beater with
173 bu. per acre, Bonanza Oat— swon four farms in
1910— biggest sworn to yield 259 Bushels per acre!
Billion Dollar Grass, the ten ton grass wonder.
Salzer’s luxuriant A/fa/fa, and live other packets,
allfen for 10c in stamps. Write for this collection
today and we’ll also send you a free copy of our
great 1911 catalogue.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO.
144 South 8th St., La Crosse, Wls.
268
March 4*
THE APPLE BUSINESS
Is a sure thing — if you have the right kind of
a tree. People may plant too many oranges
but the good old apple is a sure thing. The
time to get in with that hillside is right now
— this Spring.
There is some discussion about the best
aged tree to plant. Some want big trees and
some little whips. We have them all!
The size is a matter of opinion but every¬
body agrees that the health and lifp of the
tree is more important. We put life and
health in our trees — or they do it themselves.
They grow in strong ground with no
check from start to finish and with a long
fall season to harden and ripen their woods.
They are sound, free from disease and
ready to grow. Every variety you want
and every tree right.
The Caftilog tells all about it.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 15, BERLIN, MD.
FRUIT TREES
Prices. Free Catalogue.
AppleH, Pears, Plums, Cherries,
Peaches, Small Fruits, Shrubs,
Boses. Finest Stock. Low
Write us before you buy.
J. Fitrbtr Frultland Nurseries. 303 Wlnton Rd.N., Rochester, N.Y.
FRUIT TREES and PLANTS
At prices that will astonish you. Send for Whole¬
sale Price List and Lithographs . Several good
collections cheap. We have a complete assortment
in all varieties of frnit trees and plants. Special
Strawberry Catalog. Headquarters for the Old-
Fashioned Sweet Cherry. No crooked or inferior
stock sold at any price. Satisfaction guaranteed.
L’AMORKAUX NURSERY CO., Schoharie, N. Y.
For Best EXTENSION LADDER at 532^
JOHN J. PUTTKK.lt Mill Bt., Binghamton, N. Y.
WANTED
a few good customersf or
our unexcelled Tree*,
Shrub* and Plants.
We want your custom and you want our good*.
Send for our FREE catalog.
Tha Rochester Nurseries, Rochester, N.Y.
ORANGE SORGHUM SEED.
»i .50 per bushel. Best for forage. Albaugh, new,
as early as the Amber; will yield one-third more
syrup and seed : 4 lbs., postpaid, 75 cents.
B. H. BROWN, Box 25, Oxford, Ohio’
Set Your Plants Better
with a Fetzer
Transplanter
Waters the roots,
leaves no hard crust
on surface. Every
plant lives. 1 man and
t boys transplant 5 acres a day and do better work.
Write to-day for Free Hook No. 49 on Transplanting
THE VE FKTZKK <50., MprlngOeld, III.
PAPER POTS
They will grow anything from a cucumber to a carnation.
They are the quickest folding paper pot on the market.
Best for shipping; they are square, pack closely, no
breakage. Prices; 3 inch $1.25 per 1000, 4 inch $1.75
per 1000. (In lots of 5000 deduct 25c. per 1000.)
P. B. OROSBY & SON, Catonsville, Md.
BERRY TICKETS i’.""
growers and others. No cheating by. pickers If
you use my tickets. Send for free samples.
T. M. JONES, Goreville, Ill.
ISBELL'S SEEDS
For only 10c we send five
packetsFlowerSeeds or five
packets Vegetable Seeds
and then return the money
in the form of a Due Bill
good for 10c to apply on
any order amounting
to 50c or more.
We also send free our
large 104 page Seed A n-
n«a/, quoting fresh, vita l
Michigan-grown seeds nt very
moderate prices. Perfect satisfac
tion or money refunded. Send to-day.
S. M. ISBELL & Co., Seedsmen
Box40l JACKSON, MICH.
Tested Seed Corn Golden Dent Gourd
Seed’’ variety. Have reports from 1910 crop rang¬
ing from 99U to 116 bushels per acre. Have bred
this corn for the past thirty years. KDWA11D
WALTER, Eureka Stock Farm, West Chester, Pa.
FARM
SEEDS
Headquarters for
Alfalfa, Clover,
Hay and Pasture
Mixtures, Beans,
Cabbage, Corn,
Oats, Onions,
Potatoes and all
farm seeds in large or small quantities at
lowest market prices for absolutely highest
quality. Tell us today what you need.
VIPTPC Garden and Floral
V I vii 3 Guide for 1911
Ready now. As always, tlio authority on
what, how, when and where to plant. Your
copy of the Guide is waiting for you. Write
for it to-day. Sent, free.
JAMES VICK’S SONS, 430 Main St., Rochester, N.V.
The Value Your Manure
Can be doubled by using ROCK PHOSPHATE In
connection with It. Manure alone will not Bupply
enough phosphorus to your soil.
BASIS SLAO carries 15 to 21 percent readily avail¬
able phosphorous and 85 percent lime; tine for
acid soils. Write for delivered prices on oar lots.
WINO SEED CO., Box 623. Meclianlcsburg, O.
'THiC RURAL NEW-YORKER
CHEAP PLAN FOR STARTING TREES.
On page 157 O. T., Congress Heights,
D. C., asks for a cheap plan for starting
trees. From 25 years or more of prac¬
tical and successful experience I would
do exactly as O. T. suggests. I would,
after all wood is removed and brush and
trash ‘carefully burned, plant apple trees
40 feet apart in rows each way, then fill
in between apple trees with peach trees
every 20 feet each way, skipping stumps,
but the land must be kept clean from
briers, weeds, grass and stump shoots.
I would not mulch, but keep soil loose
around trees with grub hoe for a few
years, when land can be rooted around
somewhat with plow.
T. LEONARD MEINIKHEIM.
New York City.
The accompanying diagram is a sketch
which I have worked out for planting an
orchard to early and late bearing apples
* * I * A • I • K • i
with peaches, x indicates late bearing
apples; 1 shows early; o the peaches.
Hilton, N. Y. t. w. b.
SHALL WE MIX VARIETIES ?
From your experience, do you think it
necessary to plant other varieties with
Baldwins to secure proper pollenization?
What varieties?
I have no knowledge of the question of
pollenization ; but in planting on the Dun¬
kirk loam soil we put in either three or
four rows of Greening and the same of
Baldwin, alternating, whenever possible
placing the Baldwin on the lighter soil and
the Greening on the heavier. Greening
blossoms a little ahead of Baldwin, al¬
though some years they come in almost to¬
gether. I would not like to plant fewer
than three rows of one kind.
Livingston Co., N. Y. s. fraser.
I am not quite sure, but from observa¬
tion it seems that there are years that a
large Baldwin orchard does not pollenlze, or
for some reason does not set fruit even
when they blossom well, so 1 believe it safer
to put in, say, Ilubbardston or Greening,
or a few Swaar, any of which do not blos¬
som quite when the Baldwin does; then if
the early pollen is destroyed the later
blossoms can catch the pollen from the
later blossom from the other varieties.
There is no harm at least in planting other
varieties every third or fourth row.
Ontario Co., N. Y. t. r. wilson.
I do not believe it needs any at all.
You might plant Duchess and Maiden Blush
as fillers, as Baldwins ought to be 45 feet
apart. luther coi.ua mer.
Monroe Co., N. Y.
I do not think it makes any difference
in regard to setting other kinds of apples
with Baldwins or other kinds for pollon-
ization. w. r. teats.
Wayne Co., N. Y.
As to the necessity of planting other
varieties of apples with Baldwins for pol¬
lenization, I have a Baldwin apple orchard
of 20G trees that is quite a distance from
any other apple orchards, it has had a
crop for the lust six years. From experi¬
ence and observation I do not think that in
New York State it is necessary to plant
other kinds of apples with Baldwins for
pollenization. The record of this orchard
follows. Number of trees, 20G. Variety,
Baldwins.
1000.
1907.
1008.
1009.
1010.
No.
Bushels.
. . . 5,208
... 2,100
... 4,818
. . . 1,420
. . . 3,575
Gross
Receipts.
$2,142.79
2,227.50
3,283.00
748.00
3,040.20
$12,203.75
Dishorned this orchard tlio Spring of
1907.
C. HERBERT M’CLEW.
Niagara Co., N. Y.
Transplanting Yearling Strawberries.
Berry
Baskets
A R R O W amm,
BRAND
Berry Baskets all sizes
Peach Baskets all sizes
Best quality goods Factory Prices
Berry, Peach and
Grape Crates, etc.
Write for Illustrated Catalogue
COLES 6 COMPANY
toil and 11 1 Warren St.
Established 1884 Hew York
1,000,000
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
of the Heritage variety. Finest all-round
Strawberry grown. Fruit very largo, well
shaped, beautiful dark crimson color, plants
deep rooted and hardy, rapid growers and
great runners. Fruit ripens mid-season to
late. Fine flavor, attractive, popular, a money
maker. Plant a big bed this spring.
Also Wm. Belt, Success, Glen Mary, Early
Superior, Champion, etc. , .
Largo stock Asparagus Roots, six varieties,
one and two years, no rust. Special prices on
quantities. Cultural directions free.
Choice stock California Privet, the greatest
hedge plant known ; quick grower, attractive,
almost evergreen.
Breeder and shipper of the famous Jersey
Red Pigs and Hogs. They will make you
more money Ilian any other breed. Small
boned, quick growers. FREE CATALOG.
ARTHUR .1. COLLINS, Itox It, Moorestown, N.
o
J.
“STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW”
All Standard Varieties. Also RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, CURRANT and GRAPE Plants
and ASPARAGUS Roots in ASSORTMENT. WARRANTED TRUE-TO-NAME, and of
GRADE represented. Catalog with Cultural instructions FREE.
C. E. WHITTEN, BOX 11 BTIIBGMAN, MICHIGAN
STRAW BEK RY Plante. Send for free catalog. Large
stock Miller, best red raspberry, only $8 per 1000. Also,
eggs for hatching. Pure W. Wy. and It. P. K., 26 eggs
for $1.26. Blaymakkh & Sox, Wyoming, Del.
Our free book quotes
lowest prices, honestly
describes (10 varieties,
explains C. O. D. plan,
tells how to plant and grow strawberries, rasp¬
berries, blackberries, grapes, etc..
A. G. BLOUNT, Dopt. A, Hastings, N. Y.
Argenteuil Asparagus Roots~fdtrS imp®
seed. $4.00 per 1,000, f. o. b. packed.
E. LAURENS BEEKMAN, Middletown, N. J.
Perfection Red Raspberry'
hardiness; most prolific.. Wilder 0
8end for circular. VALLEY
FARM, Marlborough, N. Y.
— The best ever.
Ironclad in
lurrant Bushes.
VIEW FRUIT
Strawberries
Whether it is your purpose to grow
only enough for your own family or
to supply your home or city market,
it will pay you to write us about
plants. We have all the good varie¬
ties. Millionsof them. All vigorous
healthy plants. Write for catalog
today. Ten Valuable Barms for
Sale— Write for Particulars.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Boxl5, Berlin, Md.
5,000 QUARTS OF
STRAWBERRIES
in September and October
from <>no acre l>y planting
Levitt's New Fall-Bearing
Plants. This I guarantee or
I will return your money
paid for plants. Send for my
catalogue. Over five new
fall-bearing varieties.
T. C. KEVITT, ATHENIA, N. J.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS.
Seven of the very best varieties out of a hundred:
tiioy have stood the test, we have them pure and
our prices are right.
Also, have a few more of our selected New Stone
Tomato Seed at $1.00 per lb., as long as they last.
Don’t forgot to get our 1911 Catalogue of all kinds
of vegetable plants in their season. Wo have a
fine lot of Asparagus Roots to offer this spring —
tlio finest we nave ever had.
ROMANCE SEED. PLANT AND TRUCK FARM,
Caleb Boobs & Son, Cheswold, Delaware.
Plants
Will Yield S500 to $800 per Acre
n^HE Kellogg 1911 strawberry book is the most
complete treatise on strawberry growing ever
written. It tells the farmer how to grow big
crops of big, red strawberries and how to sell
them atbigprices. No matterwheroyouliveor
what kind of soil you have, this book will tell you
bow to prepare your soil, what varieties to set,
and how to manage tiie plants to insure best
results. One acre of Kellogg Thoroughbred
plants grown the Kellogg way will yield 8500 to
#800. Get this beautifully illustrated 64-page
book and learn how easy It Is to grow straw¬
berries for market or home use. It’s free.
B.M. KELLOGG COMPANY, Box 480 Three Rivers, Mich.
fBERRY & RASP
X I R Plants. Best varieties I
— — ■ ■ ■* ■ ■ * Prices always right. •
SEED Corn, Potatoes and all other seeds. Catalogue FREE
FORD HEED COMPANY, llrpt.24, Kuvennu, Ohio
BERRY
ST. REGIS
EVERBEARING
RASPBERRY
v* KeurM tlic flr«t season !
The most productive rasp¬
berry — planted in April, bears
continuously from Juno to
October of same year. The
first to ripen and the last. Ber¬
ries large, of bright red color
and excellent quality — ship
200 miles in first-class order.
Absolutely hardy a sun-proof.
Our new catalog Free — tolls
how to choose and grow small
fruits “that produce profits. “
J. T. LOVETT# 1
Box 162 Little Silver, N. J.
I would like to know the result of the
nope Farm man’s plan with strawberries.
The following was published in The R.
N.-Y. about three years ago : “We are
trying a new plan this year. As the old
beds are cleaned out after mowing them
over we intend to dig yearling roots and
transplant them in rows two feet apart,
and one foot in the row. The runners will
be cut off and the plants forced for heavy
growth. Mr. Kevitt tells me this plan
ought to work and give us a good crop next
year — better than if potted or layer plants
were used. 1 do not recommend the plan.
We are just trying it and taking the risk.”
G. w. j.
The season was quite favorable that year
and these plants made a good growth. The
following year they produced a fair crop —
not as large as from layer plants started
in the Spring, but larger than from potted
lants. in a dry season where the soil is
ried out after fruiting it is hard to make
these large plants live.
Qtnu/horrv Plante of the Best Varletl0B-
OllunUGl I V lldlllo Descriptive Catalogue
Free. BASIL FERRY, D. 18, Cool Spring, Del.
Strawberry Plants-J^rSTU™
at $1.00 uer 1,000 and up. Catalogue free.
ALLEN BROS.. l’AW FAW, Midi.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for now Illus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 41 money making varieties,
Seed Corn, Asparagus roots. Write today for free
Bargain plant, seed and poultry Catalog, it tells
you wlmt to plant for Success, 31 years in Business.
J. W. HALL. Marion Station, Md.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That’s what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. 1). M. TEETER, Belleville, Ohio.
Strawberry Plants
plants. Low prices. H. H. HENNING, Clyde. N.l\
WHOLESALE PRICES
On Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry. Gooseberry,
Currant, Asparagus and Grape Plants, Heavy Rooted,
High Grade Stock. I9lh Annual Catalogue Free.
A. R. WESTON A CO„ R. 8 Bridgman, Miclfc
STRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1 .50 & $1 .75 per 1000. Illus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIRDIN, Hartly, Del.
Drop a card for
P’ljAlXrSBUIlGrlX’S
STRAWBERRY CATALOG
for 1911. Reliable, interesting and instruc¬
tive. HIGHLAND, ST. LOUIS, GOLDEN GATE
and all the best varieties. Address
C. N. FLANS BURG H & SON
JACKSON, MICH.
1911.
THE HU RAL NEW-YORKER
26©
A TRUE ‘‘BACK TO THE LANDER.”
To begin with I will explain the
meaning of the word zve. We in our
case means my wife and I, no venture
is ever undertaken without being first
thoroughly discussed by both. Ours is
truly a struggle for the farm, and began
7j4 years ago when we were first mar¬
ried. Through sickness and misfortune
we found we could not save very much
money in the city. I drove a milk wa¬
gon, and it was rise at 2.30 a. m. 365
days in the year, with never a day off.
The real struggle started in September,
1909, when we decided if we were to
get a farm we must get into the country
and work for it. In the Summer of
1909 we visited near this section two or
three times, and decided this was where
we must have our farm, near Atlantic
City market. Through a friend we
heard of 10 acres of woodland at $15 per
acre, and through him we bought it,
paying $75 cash and taking a mortgage
for the remaining $75. We then planned
our house while still in the city, Phila¬
delphia, figured our needs and sent $84
to a lumber concern for our lumber,
millwork and pump. We then packed
and shipped our furniture on March 22,
1910, and boarded the train for McKee
City, where we are located. We were
entire strangers here, never having met
the man from whom we bought the land,
whose farm we adjoin. With only $35
in our pockets, all the cash we had for
nearly seven years hard work, but with
hope, joy and determination in our
hearts, for we had left the noise and
bustle of a large city behind us, and
were in the country at last. We hunted
up board near our land. The next
morning, March 23, I went into the
woods, ax in hand, and cleared the
brush from where the house now stands,
and started cutting the trees with which
I built it. In three weeks and three
days we moved into it. It was wains-
coated inside with matched pine and
had two large comfortable rooms, one
as a kitchen and dining room, the other
as a parlor and bedroom. I then went
to work at a sawmill four miles from
here at $1.50 a day. As soon as we
could get on our feet we bought four
pigs at $9 a pair, a hen and setting of
eggs for $1, from which we raised nine
chickens, and from a later setting under
the same hen in October we got eight.
About this time we sold a house we were
buying in the city, which brought us
$300 cash. With this money we bought
a horse, wagon and the farm implements
necessary, a 100-egg incubator and two
hovers. We also bought our Winter
groceries, which used up all the money.
During a severe storm we had just be¬
fore Christmas, I could not get to work
for two weeks; we had to sell one of our
young pigs to feed the rest ; this brought
$8.16. Our chickens started laying on
Christmas Day, and arc now laying nice¬
ly. Between lime I have grubbed a
piece of land which we have planted to
strawberries, and built a woodshed,
which we were compelled to turn into a
stable for the horse. I am now building
a brooder house, and still working at
the sawmill, but expect to stop April 1
and farm a rented piece of land. So
much for the past up to the present —
now for the future.
We shall make poultry and pigs our
two money crops. I expect to grub one
acre of land, and let the pigs and chick¬
ens pay for grubbing the remainder. As
fast as the land is cleared we will use
from one to ll/> tons of lime to the
acre. One acre will be used for the
home garden ; in this we shall grow
everything for our own use, including
fruit trees. Another acre will be divided
in two sections; one-half of each sec¬
tion will be planted to Alfalfa and the
other half to rape, and be used for pas¬
ture for pigs. This will allow one sec¬
tion to be growing while the pigs are
pasturing on the other. We expect to
keep 15 brood sows* and sell the Spring
pigs at six weeks old, and the Fall pigs
will be sold as roasting pigs or as light
pork in the Winter. One and a half
acres will be fenced for a poultry yard;
this will not be grubbed, thus allowing
the chickens to roam in the brush. The
remaining 6l/2 acres will be used to
grow roots, such as potatoes, beets and
carrots for Winter feed for the stock.
We expect to keep a cow, and wherever
opportunity affords Alfalfa will be
planted for the hay for horse and cow.
Our land is high, a light, sandy loam,
naturally well drained, but somewhat
deficient in humus, owing to the frequent
forest fires. Our buildings now are
temporary and of frame, but as perma¬
nent buildings go up they will be built
of concrete. Just how these plans work
out you will hear later.
THOMAS W. KESSLER.
Atlantic Co., N. J.
odel at New Price
Including Magneto, 3 Oil Lamps, Complete
Set Tools, Tire Repair Kit, Horn and Tube.
REVIOUS to January 1st
Old Price $900
this identical high-powered
Runabout sold for $900. It
was the greatest seller Mr. Maxwell ever produced.
People realized its wonderful value and bought every one we made. Its success
has endured because it is built right. During the unseasonable month of November,
1910, $1,125,000 worth of these machines were sold. Everyone marveled. We did
ourselves. Most of these machines went to farmers in the Central West, who
realized that a machine properly equipped was just as serviceable in Winter as any
other time. On January 1st the industry and buying public marveled again when
the Maxwell prices were reduced. In the height of our success prices were lowered.
Why? Because when the Maxwell joined the United States Motor Company, we
promised to give to the public the economies effected by this affiliation. It was
able to do so January 1st, and did, although 95% of its cars were then sold to dealers.
l(ou can afford this Car
High-grade, first-class in every partic¬
ular, it is not only low-priced, but most
economical to maintain. This is the car
that demonstrated in public test last Oc¬
tober, that it can be operated cheaper
than a horse and buggy.
As a money maker and
time saver it cannot be
beat. Speedy, with more
power than you ordinari¬
ly use, it is an ideal Road¬
ster for two. When you
need room for four people, you can ad¬
just a surrey seat in a jiffy. For haul¬
ing, errands, etc., receptacles can be put
on and taken off in a minute. Every¬
thing conveniently located, comfort¬
able, first-class and absolutely reliable.
What: it means to you
Every farmer really and honestly needs
an automobile. He needs it in his busi¬
ness, his family needs it for pleasure,
health and recreation. It is the car you
have waited for at a price you can afford.
It’s right in construction,
power, appearance; it’s
simple to operate andeasy
to care for. It ’sever ready
in all kinds of weather,
never tired, cannot be
overworked and gives
very little trouble. It costs nothing when
not in use, doesn’t die of overwork. No
feeding or grooming — just a crank and
you are off. Your increased earnings will
pay for the car in 3 months. You’ll have
dividends in health, recreation besides.
Don’t Fail to Investigate this Car
If you consider buying a car, this one deserves your closest attention.
Don’t part with your money before you know its wonderful value. At
$900 it was the greatest seller ever produced. At $750 it is in a class
by itself; it has no equal. After May 1st not one of these cars will
be left. Better inform yourself now, and get in a reservation order.
C We want to supply you with infor-
X IICijC JL/UUIViJ JL A CC mation on automobiles in general
that will aid you in making your
motor car investment. We have prepared booklets that tell the story from
start to finish. Our “Farm Booklet,” “Ilow to Judge an Automobile” and
latest catalogue are three books worth reading. They surely will save
you money— cost nothing and involve no obligation. Send us a postal.
Just say, “ Mail fcooks.”
Sale of Maxwells to Date
Sold to Feb. 1. 1911 - 41,273
Sold During Feb., 1911 .1,392
Maxwells in use today 42,665
Watch the Figures Grow
MAXWELL-BRISCOE MOTOR COMPANY
(Division of the United States Motor Company)
Art Street Tarrytown, N. Y.
Factories; Tarrytown, N. Y. Newcastle, Ind. Providence, R. I.
Member A. L. A. M.
Maxwell Farmers
Save Money on
Berry Boxes and
Baskets
Fruit aud Vege¬
table Packagua
and Growers’ Supplies of all kinds.
Write for free inoney-imving catalogue
and prlce-liMt.
Largest F actory’of Its Kind in the Couni
NEW ALBANY BOX AND BASKET CO.. Box 1 1 1 . New Albany. lad.
CIRCULAR 45
PROLONGING the LIFE of FENCE POSTS
Now ready for i'reo distribution.
Full and complete data on brush and tank treat¬
ment of fence or vineyard' posts to prevent their
decay by use of Avenarius Carbolineum, the wood
preserver in constant use since 1875. vVrito
CARHOLINEUM WOOD PRESERVING CO.
181 Franklin Street, New York, N. Y.
HUSSEY PLOW CO. N. BERWICK ME.
Always Handy on the Farm
lluy the Head and Holts and make the Drag
yourself. Write for full information. Wo
also sell Drag comploto.
HUSSEY PLOW CO., Dept. R, North Berwick, Maine
270
THE RURAL NEW- VORKER
March 4,-.
Bisulphide of Carbon for Grain.
You once told of a substance which,
when left in pans, on top of a bin of
grain, kept away or killed any insect that
might attack it. Will you tell its name
once more? e. w. k.
New York.
It is bisulphide of carbon, a liquid
which evaporates when exposed to the air.
The fumes from it are heavier than air,
so when put in a dish at the top of a
grain bin and covered, these fumes sink
down through the grain. They will kill
all breathing insects. Put the grain in an
air-tight bin or room. Place the bisul¬
phide in a dish at the top and cover it
all over. That is all. Be sure not to
breathe the fumes, or bring a flame near it.
SOME BIG CARROTS.
The carrots shown below were
grown by F. E. Decker, of New Jersey.
The variety is Burpee’s Long Belgian.
One is 30 inches long and four others
25 inches. Mr. Decker tells the follow¬
ing story about them :
“The story of how the carrots were
grown is a short one. They were planted
about the usual time for planting car¬
rots. The soil is a deep sandy loam. I
plowed seven furrows, and then put in
hen manure mixed with the same soil
they were planted in. I then covered it
chards or other plantations, do not prune
more than necessary, so as to distribute
any injury that may be caused. On large
trees no appreciable injury will be noted,
but there may be a serious cutting of the
crops borne on small shoots and branches.
There is no way of poisoning the insects,
for they do practically no feeding, and it
is not in the least dangerous to handle
them. All insectivorous birds feed freely
on these cicadas and so does the ordinary
farm poultry of all kinds. Sparrows take
a malicious delight in tearing them to
pieces, and little damage need be expected
where these birds occur in large numbers.
In addition to the above Prof. J. B.
Smith writes :
“I want especially to call attention to
the last sentence in the next to the last
paragraph, concerning sparrows. There is
a large section of this State where these
birds dominate, where no injury need be
expected from the cicadas ; but almost
everywhere in the State, in the woodland
and in the scrubland where these birds
do not occur, a certain amount of pruning
can be expected. I would not advise any¬
body to set out a young orchard next
Spring near a piece of woodland or where
woodland has been within 17 years. If for
any reason the orchard must he set out,
do not cut back. Leave everything on un¬
til after the insects have come and gone.
In the same way I would not prune young
trees too liberally early in the season.
Wait until the last week in June and
then cut off what is not needed. Serious
injury to any hut very young trees need
not be expected. Material injury to crops
may be expected in apple and peach or¬
chards from the puncturing of bearing
wood, in places where the insects arc due
in large numbers.”
SOME BIG CARROTS FROM JERSEY.
with a furrow each way, and leveled it
off. I then took the handle of my rake
and drew it over each row, sowed the
seed and covered it with the rake. When
they were large enough I thinned them
out. I went through them a few times
during the Summer with the cultivator,
and that is all the attention they got, as
I had to spend most of my time in my
tomatoes and peppers. I consider the
carrot an easy crop to raise, aild a
profitable one if properly cared for.”
F. E. DECKER.
THE 17-YEAR OLD LOCUSTS.
There is to be a brood of this insect in
New Jersey this year. From a circular
issued by the New Jersey Experiment Sta¬
tion we take the following information :
According to the records gathered in
1894, the brood covers practically all of
Bergen County, scattered areas in Passaic
County, small areas near Iluntsburg and
Papakating in Sussex County, practically
all of Morris, Union, Essex and Hudson
counties, a few areas in Mercer County,
irregular areas all over Middlesex County,
scattering points in the eastern part of
Monmouth County, small patches in Ocean
and Burlington counties, Pensaukeu and
vicinity in Camden County, scattering sec¬
tions at the southwestern part of Glouces¬
ter and Salem counties, irregular areas
throughout Atlantic and Cumberland
counties, and all the wooded sections on
the Cape May Peninsula. There is, there¬
fore, no county entirely free from the
insects; but they do not approach the
Delaware River closely except in Camden
County, and, in a general way, may be
said to be most abundant in the eastern
half of the State. The insects will appear
during the last days of May, 1911, and
will continue throughout June; disappear¬
ing by the end of the month. The injury
is done by the females in laying the eggs
in twigs and small branches, making slits
that do not heal. These result in the ulti¬
mate death beyond the point of injury of
every punctured branch less than one-half
an inch in diameter, and, where there are
many punctures on the trunks of small
trees or on branches up to three-quarter
inch, these are apt to be seriously injured
or killed.
Farmers, fruit-growers and others who
contemplate setting out trees or shrubs
during the Fall of 1910 or Spring of
1911, in the infested areas, are warned
of the danger of injury from these cicadas.
If trees or shrubs must be set, put out
either very small trees and cut back se¬
verely, so as not to offer attractions to the
Insects, or set large trees with many
branches and cut back no more than abso¬
lutely necessary until after July 1, so as
to offer the insects a chance to oviposit in
wood that can be spared. Burn all the cut
infested wood.' In established, young or¬
IVrzte
to-day.
MOT SINGER
GUARANTEED AUTO-SPARKER
(Belter than an everlasting battery.
Will generate current for ignition
ami electric lights, charging stor¬
age halteiics, etc. Suitable for
all types and sizes of gas and
gasoline engines. LET US
TELL YOU now TO MAKE
YOUR own .ELECTRICITY,
MOTSINGER DEVICE MFG. CO
114 Harold St., LaFayette, Ind.
Standard Among Drilling Machines
The oldest established manufacturers, the largest
line of drilling machines and tools, and 41 years
of successful operation in nearly every country
jn the world, make
American Drilling Machines
Standard the world over.
For every possible condition of earth
and rock drilling and mineral pros¬
pecting we make a drill espe-
Icially designed for the re¬
quirement.
Catalog No, 105, the most
complete ‘‘drill hole” catalog
ever issued, Free.
The American Well Works
General Office and Works,
Aurora, Ill.
Chicago Office: First Na¬
tional Bank Bldg.
AMERICAN
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
with metal fence posts have
developed this post. It is
now thoroughly practical, fill¬
ing every requirement on the
farm, in the town, for rail¬
roads and wherever fence posts
are used.
Made of tough steel, heavily
zinc coated. Durability
proven by us — ten years’ ac¬
tual use showing good as new.
Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
for it.
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 6 Wire Co.
Chicago :
115 Adams Street
Denver :
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
New York:
30 Church Street
San Francisco :
16th and Folsom Sts.
Do You Raise Corn for Profit?
if you do you will be interested in the following offer
that we have made to the New England Corn Exposition
The Coe- Mortimer Company
OFFERS A
GRAND PRIZE of$ 500
FOR THE
Most Profitable Acre of Field Corn Raised in
New England During the Season of 1911
The Plan of Competition is to he as follows:
I. THIS OFFER IS TO BE OPEN TO ANY AND EVERY
FARMER IN NEW ENGLAND WHO WISHES TO COMPETE.
NO FARMER IS TO BE BARRED FOR ANY REASON.
II. Records showing cost of labor, cost of seed, fertilizers, ma¬
nures and all costs, to be accurately kept under arrangements pre¬
scribed by the New England Corn Exposition, such arrangements to
be reviewed and subject to approval by the following Experiment
Station Directors before being adopted:
Director H. J. Wheeler, Rhode Island Experiment Station.
Director Wm. P. Brooks, Massachusetts Experiment Station.
Director E. H. Jenkins, Connecticut Experiment Station.
Director Joseph B. Hills, Vermont Experiment Station.
Director Chas. B. Woods, Maine Experiment Station.
Director J. C. Kendall, New Hampshire Experiment Station.
The New England Corn Exposition and the above mentioned
Experiment Station Directors shall decide on what moisture basis
the corn shall be judged.
III. Records of competitors shall be subject to the inspection
and approval of these same Experiment Station Directors.
IV. STABLE MANURE, FERTILIZERS OF ANY MAKE,
FERTILIZER MATERIALS, ANY OF THEM OR ALL OF
THEM, MAY BE USED IN RAISING CORN FOR THIS COM¬
PETITION.
V. Flint Corn and Dent Corn to be judged alike on the basis
of greatest net profit.
VI. NO OFFICIAL OR STOCKHOLDER OF THE COE-
MORTIMER COMPANY NOR OF ANY OTHER FERTILIZER
COMPANY SHALL HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH PRE¬
SCRIBING THE ARRANGEMENTS FOR KEEPING THE COM¬
PETITORS’ RECORDS, OR WITH THE KEEPING OF SUCH
RECORDS, OR WITH AWARDING THE PRIZE. All this work
is to be done as described in paragraphs II and III.
VII. The final award is to be approved by the Directors of the
New England Experiment Stations mentioned in paragraph II.
VIII. Two samples of the corn winning the prize are to be
taken in a manner to be prescribed by the New England Corn Expo¬
sition, one sample analyzed at the Massachusetts Experiment Station
and one sample analyzed at the Maine Experiment Station. The food
value of the prize crop shall he determined by averaging these two
analyses. The Coe-Mortimer Company shall hear the expense of
both analyses.
REMEMBER, THIS OFFER IS OPEN TO EVERY AND ANY
FARMER IN NEW ENGLAND WHO WISHES TO COMPETE,
AND YOU MAY USE ANY MAKE OF FERTILIZER THAT
YOU PLEASE, OR NO FERTILIZER AT ALL IF YOU SEE FIT.
We honestly believe that your chances of winning this prize will
be very much better if you use our fertilizers in raising your crop. We
especially recommend our E. FRANK COE’S RED BRAND EX¬
CELSIOR GUANO, AND OUR PERUVIAN VEGETABLE
GROWER. Analysis and description of both of these will be found
in our handsome Annual Memorandum booklet, copy of which will be
sent free on request.
Our opinion that the use of our fertilizers will help you to win
the above grand prize is based on the following remarkable showing
made by THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY’S customers at the
New England Corn Exposition held at Worcester, Mass., November
7th to 12th, 1910:
THE COE-MORTIMER FIRST PRIZE, $50.00 for the best ten
ears of Dent Corn was won by E. S. Fulton of Amherst, Mass. The
same ten ears of corn also won the SWEEPSTAKES PRIZE for
White Dent Corn over the whole Exposition.
THE COE-MORTIMER SECOND PRIZE for best ten ears of
Dent Corn was won by Edmund Mortimer of Grafton, Mass.
THE COE-MORTIMER THIRD PRIZE for best ten ears of
Dent Corn was won by C. C. Porter of Middleboro, Mass.
THE COE-MORTIMER FIRST PRIZE OF $50.00 for best ten
ears of eight-rowed Flint Corn was won by Messrs. Elliott & H. Ward
Moore of Worcester, Mass., who also won the COE-MORTIMER
FIRST PRIZE of $50.00 for the best ten ears of twelve-rowed Flint
Corn. Messrs. Moore also won the following prizes at the Corn
Exposition, all the corn being raised with COE-MORTIMER FER¬
TILIZERS:
The ten ears of eight-rowed Flint that won the COE-MORTI¬
MER first prize also won the second premium in the Massachusetts
State Class, Premium No. 51.
Single ear samples, southern Zone Yellow Dent, first premium.
Single ear samples, southern Zone White Dent, first premium. Twelve-
rowed ^lint, second premium. Best ':en stalks SWEET CORN,
FIRS' PRIZE, AND ALSO SWEEPSTAKES.
>HE COE-MORTIMER SECOND PRIZE for eight-rowed Flint
Corn was won by Fred L. Chamberlain of Worcester, Mass.
THE COE-MORTIMER THIRD PRIZE for best ten ears of
eight-rowed Flint Corn was won by Edmund Mortimer of Grafton,
^[hss.
THE COE-MORTIMER SECOND PRIZE for best ten ears of
twelve-rowed Flint Corn was won by A. J. Guptill of Berwick, Me.
THE COE-MORTIMER THIRD PRIZE for best ten ears of
twelve-rowed Flint Corn was won by R. G. Bigelow of Skowhegan,
Me., who also won THE COE-MORTIMER FIRST PRIZE for the
best bushel of corn at the Central Maine State Fair held at Water-
ville. Me.
No doubt any of these prize winners will be glad to tell you about
the QUALITY OF THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY FERTI¬
LIZERS, and no doubt many of them have excellent seed corn for
sale.
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers of E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS, the standard for over fifty
years, and of PERUVIAN BRANDS , Peruvian Guano Base
24-26 STONE STREET NEW YORK CITY
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
ii71
and Get Our Surprising Offer On
Unite Incubators and Brooders
ANY of
our customers were about to buy some other makes of Incubator and Brooder, but when they
got our personal proposition, they switched to our offer in a hurry. That’s why we ask you to write >
us a postal quick or send us the coupon below and just wait till you get our proposition. We know J
them all beat a mile on value, and the minute you see our price, and learn about Unito quality and M
A Gash Saving of From $5 to $7
All we ask is a chance to put the facts before
you and prove our case. We’ll send
the machines before you send us a
penny, if you say so, because we know
you won’t want to give them up when
you have made your test and we know
you will be delighted at the bargain ’
we have sent.
Thousands of Unito Incubators ^“g
and Brooders have taken the place of cheap,
“made-to-sell” machines and now their owners are
making big money. Don’t decide in a hurry. The
price of any incubator or brooder is too much to take
chances with. Wait till you get our price and see our
quality. You ought to have a hatch in a Unito Incu¬
bator right now.
Let us put one to work for you in your home quick. Just
send your name on the coupon or on a postal if more con¬
venient and we’ll make an oiler that you won t hesitate over.
See that offer above. Factory price— direct to you — a
big cash saving — no money down — satisfaction guaranteed.
Weare headquarters for sixteen great factories making prac¬
tically all necessities for farm and home. Don’t buy a thing
listed here till you get our proposition, because the quality
is higher and the price is lower than you will find elsewhere
in America.
This is the biggest idea of direct-from-factory-selling
ever put in operation, and you want to get the benefit right
from now on.
Send Coupon Below or Write
Us a Postal For This Big
Buyers’ Guide — The Show
Room of Sixteen Large
United Faetories
against loss and disappointment. Get our book, whether
you buy of us or not. Sixteen big factories and their re¬
markable, direct, one-profit offer?, all gathered together in
one big Buyers’ Guide— and the book costs you nothing.
Celebrated Per Gallon
Unito Paint | 9G and Up
Guaranteed For Five Years
Why pay 50c a gallon
more than necessary just
to please your dealer?
Why pay 25 to 50 cents
more anywhere else and
even then take chances on
quality?
Our paint factory
stands at the head of the
paint -making business,
and makes paint for ser¬
vice, not on the price basis.
Our big saving to you is
owing to the way wo sell
It. Not a penny is saved
on the quality.
Our paint must be right
to back up that five year
guarantee. See letters
from customers and profit
by their experience.
Get the big book from sixteen factories before you
spend another cent for paint of any kind.
If you have the least idea of getting an Incubator
or Brooder, or any Roofing, or anyone of the dozens
of things we manufacture, it’s like throwing money
away to make your purchase before you getthis book.
Don’t think we’ll expect you toTuy just because you
send for the catalogue. We are only too glad to send this
book to anyone just to spread the good news about the
United Factories idea, and to show the people how
values have been improved, and how prices have been
reduced. This book will do you a world of good,
whether we get together on a trade or not. But if
you can save from $5 to $7 on your poultry machines
or many more dollars on roofing materials or paint or
gasoline engines or vehicles, why you want to know
it, and we want you to get the facts at our expense.
When you get the book, if you think you have
come to the right place for the right goods, at the right
price, just let us know and we will send along what¬
ever you want for you to examine, test and use at our
risk. We don’t even ask for your money first, be¬
cause we believe in the people and we certainly believe
in our goods. We don’t send out anything that we
don’t guarantee, and we don’t need to
tell you that we couldn’t afford to guar-
antee anyth!nff tliat wouldn’t back us up
FT --'il to the very finish.
We have the reputation of sixteen
KLJi leading factories to uphold. You may
be pretty sure we are not going to risk
SEWING th,e landing of these institutions for the
on onel
UNITO
Unito
Asphalt
■==== =====
'UVEIANB Paint & VARNISH ««•
"E UNITED FACTORIES c0
Little Talkson Bag Bargains
One of our Unito Factories is turning out high grade
prepared roofing at prices that stagger all
competitors. Every roll is guaranteed and
prices start at $1.00 per roll. No one else lias
value, real bargains, that even come near
this. Our factory makes this roofing in all
styles and all thicknesses, but only in one
grade— highest quality. Choose rubber or flint-
coat surface, and one, two or three or more
ply, and whatever you choose, be certain of
first quality, long service, guaranteed wear.
We must beat all others on quality and
price, or we could not send out our goods to
be tested on your place before getting your
money. Don’t invest a dollar on roofing that
Unite Gas Engine
Let us send you a Unito
Engine on our No-Money-
in-Advance FREE trial.
Use It — prove it. Com¬
pare It with any other
make— then If you don't
want to keep it, send
it back — we refund even
freight charges. Made
in ail styles and sizes—
lowest prices — all guar¬
anteed. Ask for FREE
catalogue.
MACHINES
Don’t pay deal¬
ers’ or agents’
prices when we
guarantee you
better quality
at a big saving.
Any Unito ma¬
chine on 30
days’ free trial.
Sc® and provo fop
jouraelf boforo you
Everything from
garden tools to
heavy power ma¬
chinery. Fully
guaranteed. Sent
on Free Trial to sell
themselves by their
dependability and
high quality. Real
factory prices save
you big money.
Send for big free
Wonderful bargains in
Unito Buggies. Latest
styles to choose from—
each absolutely guaran¬
teed and sent on 30 davs’
trial. Don't pay 815 to 825
extra to dealer for less
value. Order a
Unito Buggy
on our trial offer and prove for your¬
self thal it is best. Writo today
for our big froo cataloguo.
Extra quality fcnco
— all Rtyles and sizes
— rockbottom prices.
Perfect poultry, gar¬
den and stock fence,
extra close woven at
bottom to keop out
even littlo chicks,
and wider and strong¬
er at top tc turn hojs
and cattle. Don’t buy
fence till you get our
Factory price. Free
catalogue.
catalogue on request.
pay. Get cataloguo.
Not a Penny Wasted in Needless Profits— Not
a penny’s worth of quality sacrificed. That’s the whole
story of the United Factories idea. It’s the foundation
of the plan that is saving thousands of dollars a month
for farmers all over the country. We cut down the cost of
reaching you and sending you the goods direct from fac¬
tories to the very smallest margin and you never will buy
in any other way, when you know the plan and see the
prices we are enabled to quote. We do more than sell direct
from factories. We make one factory do the office work
for, sixteen factories, thereby sharing the cost of office
work, so we have practically no expense to add to the cost
of goods.
Just send a postal and find out about it, or use the coupon
here in the corner for your convenience. The Big Book
with the low prices and all kinds of buying information is
waiting for you, and we will send It postpaid by return
mail.
Address card or coupon to
. Buyers’ Guide Book, show-
P ing Products of your sixteen
Factories. I am most interested
in getting-
crimped Sheets; any-
y°u need for
roofing, siding, in imi-
tation board, pressed
brick or stone, with all
eve-troughs', ' tlplng,
etc. Our quality must
stand your personal test, and our price must stand your
careful comparison, before you pay us a dollar.
Why not get our proposition anyway to protect you
(State what articles.) Also quote lowest prices,
Name
THE UNITED FACTORIES CCHPANY
STATION 31-A, CLEVELAND, OHIO
Address
Quality Bargains Direct To You
From 16 United Factories— Big Cash Savings
No Money Down
Prompt Shipment
272
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
March 4,
Sherwin-Williams
New Process
Arsenate of Lead
gives satisfaction. It not only kills
biting insects but insures a strong,
healthy growth of foliage as well.
If properly used, it will do for you
what it did for Mr. Marks, a well-
known Arkansas fruit grower. Read
what he says :
Sherwin-Williams Co ■
Gentlemen :
Replying to your recent favor, I want
to say that I am very glad to testify to the
excellent character of your Arsenate of
Lead. A great majority of the growers
here used it the past season and it has
given universal satisfaction. The analysis
of the chemist at the Experiment Station
showed it to be up to the standard of such
goods. Our growers here will use the same
brand next year. I controlled the Codling
Moth effectually, and in one orchard I
lost only 2% of the apples from this pest,
sprayed once.
Yours very truly,
Springfield, Ark. Lafayette Marks
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
635 Canal Road
Cleveland,
Ohio 1020
Sent free, ‘‘Spraying, a
Profitable Investment."
C nn ■ V Adopted by the N.Y. State Fruit Growers Ass'n
OrnAl IT WII.T FAT YOU TO USE ElTHEIi.
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS ahdAGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE AND MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE anoINSECTICIDE
USE
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
14 BAYVIEW AVET. .JERSEY CITY. N.J.
WRITE FOR PRICES. CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
( Y
“ONE FOR ALL,” No. I
DEATH TO INSECTS AND KING I
Wool Crease, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur
Combined. A Contact and Poison Spray.
An Insecticide and Fungicide.
Only Thing Needed lor all Pests or Fungus.
WRITE FOR BOOKLET.
Barrels, 426 lbs . 05c. per lb.
Bbls., 200 lbs . 05)4
100 lbs . 06 **
50 lbs . 0b>4
25 lbs . 08
F. O.JB. NEW YORK
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
Established 1852
51 Front Street, _ New York
SPRAY FOR SCALE
before your trees are injured.
Good’s SS£Sh Whale Oil Soap No. 3
quickly kills San Jose Scale and all other parasites.
Contains nothing injurious. Fertilizes the soil and
quickens growth. Used and endorsed by State Experi¬
mental Stations and
IT. 8. Department of Agriculture
60 lbs.. $2.60; 100 lbs., $4.60; larger quantities proportion¬
ately less. Send for free “ Manual of riant Diseases. ’
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 945 N. Front St., Philadelphia
TO KILL
San Jose Scale
USE
Bergenport Brand Sublimed
Flowers of Sulnhur
■ The best form of sulphur for Lime Sulphur Wash.
Combines easily and quickly with lime. Write to
BERGENPORT SULPHUR WORKS
T. & S. C. White Co., 100 William St., NY..
A Boy Fruit Grower.
Not long ago we gave a little story
of an Iowa boy who is destined to be a
fruit grower. This boy’s father is to
plant an apple orchard and give it good
care so that when the boy gets large
enough to look about for a life work
there will be the orchard ready for him.
AN IOWA BOY FARMER. Fig. 89.
This boy will be brought up with the
trees and learn to watch and handle them
as lie grows. There could hardly be a
finer legacy for the boy. He is a for¬
tunate youngster, and we show his pic¬
ture at Fig. 89.
SPRAYING IN IOWA.
After several .years’ experience in spray¬
ing 1 would say the most important things
are, first, a good outfit made for the busi¬
ness, strong enough to do the work, and not
so heavy but that a team of ordinary
farm horses can pull your load on hilly
or soft ground. I would prefer a gasoline
outfit, as help is scarce, and it is hard
work to keep up sufficient pressure for any
great length of time. The pump should be
substantially made, powerful and with
valves which one can remove and replace
easily with a common wrench. I have
used my pump for two seasons without
repacking, and when it needs adjusting
or packing it can he done easily and
quickly. Also the proper mixture for the
work in hand, and be sure you get the
proportions right, for measures of unknown
size and guess weights are not accurate
enough. Use good pressure, 150 pounds or
more, and keep moving. 1 see no benefit
in staying by a tree until streams of mix¬
ture run down trunk and limbs, or stand
in puddles on the ground. I have found
the angle nozzle to be the most satisfac¬
tory; use different size openings as to the
work in hand. Not many are spraying
here, and I fear there will not be until we
have a general awakening along horticul¬
tural lines. Farm work and better agri¬
cultural methods are being agitated and
practiced all over the State with good
results, hut our horticulturists have got
into a rut; not much increase in member¬
ship in the State society, and no interest
along practical lines.
I’olk Co., Iowa. chas. o. garrett.
STICKS TO BORDEAUX.
Many farmers fail to make a success of
spraying because they are too close-fisted
to invest in a good sprayer and necessary
equipment, and are so saving of the poison
that they do not put on enough to be
effective; also they look after other work
as well as they can and spray when they
get their field crops cared for, and often
the spraying is not done at the proper
time, usually too late. In using a hand
pump the power is not great enough to
throw the spray with force enough to do
best work, and with two men on the pump
handle they can improve the work. Power
sprayers are best if one can afford the
expense. Lime-sulphur is largely taking
the place of Bordeaux on many varieties
in many localities, hut with us we are
sticking to Bordeaux mainly yet with Home
Beauty, as they do not get so rusty from
its use as Grimes, Jonathan and other
tender varieties. These tender varieties are
subject to bitter rot in warm climates and
lime-sulphur does not prevent its spread¬
ing as does Bordeaux, so it looks as though
the best spray to use on such varieties is
lime-sulphur early in the season and Bor¬
deaux later, applying it at the time to
prevent the second brood of the Codling
moth from getting in its destructive work,
using arsenate of lead with both mixtures,
at the rate of two pounds to 50 gallons.
The lime-sulphur can be made at home for
about half what the commercial brands
can be bought for, and save freight and
hauling water. I made it by using two
pounds of sulphur to one pound of lime,
and cooking till the sulphur is dissolved,
and it stays in suspension as well as the
commercial brands and gives as good re¬
sults. For a Summer spray it can be used
about one to 30 or five pounds sulphur to
50 gallons, on apples, but not near that
strong on peaches. The self-boiled lime-
sulphur is the only thing recommended for
Summer spray on peach, using arsenate of
lead with it to prevent the work of the
curculio, thereby lessening the chances for
the spread of the brown rot as it starts
mostly where the curculio works on the
fruit. For spraying apples, if the orchard
lias the scale use lime-sulphur one to nine,
and use either Bordeaux (3-5-50) or dilute
lime-sulphur just before the trees bloom,
and add arsenate of lead if insects do any
injury. Spray again just as soon as most
of the bloom is off, and again in a week
to 10 days, using arsenate of lead and a
fungicide both, and for later applications
use the Bordeaux (2-5-50) with arsenate
of lead about the time the Codling moth
lays her eggs, or just before that, and
against about two or three weeks later,
thereby preventing the second brood doing
injury, keeping off bitter rot. sooty fungus
and the late scab. Curculio injury is pre¬
vented by the spray at the same time.
Rawrence Co., O. u. t. cox.
CLOTHCRAFT
styles are national styles.
At $10 to $25, Clothcraft
Clothes will dress you right
for any city in America.
That’s one of the good things
you can see in Clothcraft.
GUARANTEED^
ALL WOOli
ANOTHER thing you can see in Clothcraft Clothes
.ZA. is the remarkably good fit — the close-fitting collar
and lapels; the shapely shoulders and full, smooth
coat-front; the trousers that set snug at the heel.
The things you can’t see for yourself are assured by
a definite guaranty, backed by dealer and maker —
absolutely all-wool cloth; first-class trimmings and
workmanship; lasting shape, service and satisfaction.
And it will be well for you to remember that Cloth¬
craft Clothes are the only guaranteed all-wool line at
medium prices — $io to $25.
THIS is the Clothcraft
label that distinguishes
every suit of Clothcraft
Clothes. It’s an insurance-
mark that gives confidence.
It means that the clothes
bearing it are guaranteed
all-wool, with all the re¬
liability that only all-wool
can give. It also meansthat
the clothes have the perfec¬
tion of fit that you’d expect
only at higher prices — thus
saving you $5 to $10 a suit.
For your own satisfaction you ought to investigate Clothcraft Clothes. Go to
the nearest Clothcraft Store, or write us direct. We’ll gladly send you the
Clothcraft Style-Chart for Spring, and a booklet picturing the light, clean
Clothcraft shop, together with the name of the nearest Clothcraft store.
THE JOSEPH & FEISS CO.
Founded 1850 — Oldest American
Manufacturers of Mer’s Clothes
635 St. Clair Ave., N. W. Cleveland
No. 3 BROWNIE CAMERA
Pictures 3% x 4^. Price $4.00.
This latest addition to the popular Brownie
family meets the demand for a camera, which is
equipped with the essentials for a high class of
amateur work, but is so simple that even the
children can use it with good results.
This camera has the first quality meniscus
achromatic lens, Eastman rotary shutter, fixed
focus, two view finders, so that either vertical or
horizontal exposures can be made. It is a neat
and attractive camera, covered with handsome
imitation grain leather. It is a convenient shape
to carry, and weighs but 24 ounces. This Brownie
takes four, six or twelve exposure Kodak film
cartridges, and like the Kodak, loads in daylight.
Ask your denier or write us for a free copy of
"At Home With the Kodak,' '
our newest booklet.
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY.
387 State Street. ROCHESTER, N. Y.
jgHAMOIS SKIN KHAKI WORK SHIRT f
Khaki has strength and durability — U. S. Government test proved
it by Army wear. The popular Chamois Skin Khaki Shirt is made of
strong, especially woven khaki with the soft “chamois skin” finish
and feel, in a good selection of fast-colored patterns. It’s double
seamed, double stitched, reinforced and GUARANTEED. .
At your dealer’s; if he can’t supply you, send us his name,
your collar size and 50c. in stamps for sample shirt and book of
new patterns.
THE PRESIDENT SHIRT CO.
121 Wyoming St., Baltimore. Md.
PETER COOPER’S PURE BONE DUST
THE OLD RELIABLE SINCE 1827
STERLING BRANDS OF
COMPLETE FERTILIZERS
SPECIAL BLENDS FOR SPECIAL CROPS
; : Send for Booklet : :
PETER COOPER'S FERTILIZER, '"^Toir
m
^ Scientific farming is the
"kind that pays ; and Planet Jrs are scientific farming and
’gardening implements. They do the work of 3 to 6 men — do it better, and ,
get bigger and better crops. They are backed by over 35 years’ practical study
>of farm and garden needs. Every Planet Jr is fully guaranteed.
jlTew No. 10 I Planet Jr Horse-Hoe, Cultivator and Hiller combines the most valuable
1 “ . features of the best one-horse cultivators and best horse-hoes. Small and light,
yet strong and lasting.
(No. 38| Planet Jr Single-Wheel Disc-Hoe, Cultivator and Plow is
made with the new Planet Jr pressed-stcel frame that makes it more durable than
ever. Has 3 adjustable discs on each side; new-idea pronged cultivator teeth,
and plow attachment readily changed for depth.
\\T •- for complete illustrated 1911 Planet Jr
W I’ll© catalogue describing seeders, double and
single wheel hoes, one and two horse imple¬
ments — for every farm and garden
need. Free and postpaid.!
S L Allen & Co
Box l|07 V Philada Pa
1911.
'T'tUS RURAL NEW-YORKER
273
■ • _ - .
Sprayers That Have
Proved Their Worth
Our line of
sprayers are
used by
hundreds of
experienced
fruit grow¬
ers of all
parts in the
c o untry.
Thousands o
superiority. They are known as sprayers
with the trouble left out.
are made in twenty-five different sizes— five
power and twenty hand
sizes, and sell from $3.50
to $350.00. Practical, up-
to-date fruit growers
find Hardie Sprayers
meet all requirements.
Write to-day for our
catalogue and learn all
about them. This book
also contains a lot of val-
uableinformation on dis¬
eases of fruit trees and
THE HARDIE MFC. CO.
942 Mechanic Street, Hudson, Mich,
also 49 N. Front Street, Portland, Ore.
/Vine Vent's* Service in Our Own
Orchards and Still on Duty.
W.H. OWEN SPRAYER GO., Sandusky, 0,
—NOT AN EXPERIMENT—
THIS MACHINE
DOES THE WORK
COMPRESSED AIR
S FRA YER S
The Best Spray Pump
Sprays the tallest fruit trees from the ground.
Special nozzle for grape 'vines, shrubs, etc.
Sprays quickest and best. Does the work in
half the time and does it thoroughly. Always
ready. Used with bucket, barrel or tank.
Lasts a lifetime. No leathers to dry up, wear
out, or make trouble.
Standard Spray Pump
Warranted for 5 Years. Price $4.00.
It will not cost you a cent to try it. Our
special offer gives complete details. Write
for it today and we will also send our illus¬
trated circular showing how this pump pays
for itself many times over the first season.
The Standard Stamping Co.
94 Main Street Marysville, O.
Spray 30 Acres a Day
Potatoes, Small Fruits, Vines
8praying that counts. 6 rows at a time with force to do
work right. Foliage sprayed all over, under as well as
on top. The Perfection Sprayer is also great at orchard
Mork. Spray trees by hand. Kasy to maintain 16®
pounds pressure with two nozzles going. Strong 60
gallon tank, perfect agitation, absolutely best spray
pump made. Spray pipes fold np— yon can
drive close to trees and in narrow places.
Over 23 years a sprayer builder. I know re-
Lqmrements, and 1 know the Perfection is
right. Over lOOO In use,
all giving satisfaction.
Write for Free Catalog.
_ Don’t buy any sprayer
tUlitt
comes.
THOMAS
PEPPLER
Box 45,Hightstown,NJ.
ORCHARD SPRAYING BY CONTRACT.
We recently told of a new plan fol¬
lowed in Washington, under which an
expert makes a contract to keep an or¬
chard free from insects and disease.
The following description of it is sent us
by Paul G. Kruger, who does the work.
The following contract is signed by both
parties :
This agreement made between .
of . . known here¬
after as party of the first part, and Paul
G. Kruger, known hereafter as party of
the second part, agrees :
Party of the second part hereby agrees
and contracts with party of the first part,
to spray apple and pear orchard with arse¬
nate of lead, for the destruction of the Cod¬
ling mo.th, and party of the second part
agrees for the consideration hereafter stip¬
ulated, to guarantee to party of the first
part from 85 to 00 per cent clean apples
and pears, at the end of season 1910.
The consideration for the spraying of the
said apple and pear orchard shall be six
cents a gallon, four cents a gallon to be paid
cash on the completion of every spraying,
and the balance of two cents a gallon, to
be paid to the party of the second part at
the time when the apple crop is harvested,
and between 85 to 90 per cent clean fruit is
shown. The pear crop to come under the
same agreement.
It is further agreed that party of the
first part will thin out their fruit during
the season of 1910, and if such thinning is
not done then the whole amount of this
contract becomes due, and party of the first
part agrees to pay the same, to party of
the second part. It is expressly understood
that this contract is not to be counter¬
manded.
Witness Our Hands and Seal :
This .... day of .... 1910.
The great problem which confronts
the orchardist to-day is how to fight
successfully the Codling moth and other
insects in order to get good crop return.
During the last 15 years of horticultural
experience, I have noticed carefully the
results of spraying. I became convinced
the reason why so many failed was not
because the orchardists did not try to do
their level best, but simply failure was
mainly due to incompetent help. I came
to the conclusion that with competent
help orchard crops should yield at least
between 85 to 90 per cent good, clean,
marketable fruit. I began what I call
the contract system, during the season
of 1910, confining myself mainly to the
Codling moth. This year I am making
contracts to take care of the entire or¬
chard, to keep it clean from all pests,
pruning included, turning the same over
to the owner at the winding up of the
season with an absolute guarantee of
85-90 per cent clean fruit. In order to
be able to fulfill my contracts, I use this
method : I own my own outfit, furnish all
spraying material and do the work my¬
self, carrying my own crew, men whom
I have trained myself. I make it a
point not to take more work than I can
handle. By this method I can do the
work right and satisfactorily. During
the season when the Codling moth be¬
gins its work, I have a cage prepared
about a foot square, using coi imon wire
window screen for the purpose. In this
cage I place several larvae of Codling
moth and place a little soil, small green
apples and leaves on the floor of the
cage, so that conditions for pupating will
be about like those out in the open. I
watch the transformation of the insect,
and when the moth appears in the cage
I know they are also appearing in the
orchard, and another application is made,
the small apples being coated over with
the poison. This is the best way to
determine when the application for the
Codling moth should be made.
I enclose a contract, given above,
which I used during the season of 1910.
The cost to spray trees with the arsenate
of lead for the moth varies from 10 to
25 cents per tree one application. Mr.
George Teusley’ s orchard cost on 250
trees, eight years old, two applications,
$67.50 ; Mr. John Slade’s orchards, 150
trees, five years old, three applications,
$28.15. In the Slade orchard 99 per
cent of clean apples was the result ; in
the Teusley orchard 95 per cent clean
apples. You will notice a difference of
four per cent in the two orchards. The
reason for this is Slade’s orchards re¬
ceived three applications and Teusley
two. This season, as already stated, I
am making contracts, including pruning,
in fact I take the orchard in hand. The
cost will be between $1.50 to $2 a tree;
all depends upon the age and condition
of the orchard. I use a force pump
using from 80 to 100 pounds of pressure,
worked by one man, spraying with a
drop rod nozzle from a elevated plat¬
form about four feet high, attached to
orchard wagon, platform works on
hinges so it may be laid down on the
wagon when working in an orchard where
limbs intermingle. In conclusion let
me sa\r anyone can make good with an
orchard if the slogan is watch and pray;
praying is better than cussing; it begets
patience and be-up-and-doing ; begin in
time and half the battle will be won.
PAUL G. KRUEGER.
Spraying Does Pay
and it is a necessity to insure good crops. The up-to-date fruit-grower has no more ex¬
pectation of getting a good crop of fruit from unsprayed trees than a good farmer has of
getting a good crop of wheat from unplowed ground.
Myers Spray Pumps
are in use in every important fruit growing district on the globe. They are giving com¬
plete satisfaction to thousands of successful fruit-men. They are doing this because they
are made on honor. Forty years in the business of manufacturing pumps makes it pos¬
sible for us to build a pump that will stand the wear and tear of hard, thorough spraying.
The keen, hard-headed, wide-awake orchardist knows that the value of a spraying
machine depends on the good, honest, workmanship and the right kind of materials.
He knows, too, that a spraying machine made for high pressure work in the orchard will
not answer for the garden patch, the vineyard or the potato field.
Myers pumps are built for every sort of purpose, from the little bucket spray pump
to the powerful, high-pressure pumps run by gasoline engines.
Fiq. 1358
Spray Nozzles, Hose,
Fittings, Etc.
A hardware man or implement dealer in your
own town possibly carries Myers pumps in his
stock, hut in case he does not, and cannot
furnish you with the prices and information,
write us for a copy of our fine new spray pump
Fin. 1125
catalogue.
Myers Back
Geared Power
Spray Pump
With
Machine
Cut Gear
For Hot
or Cold
Mixtures
Flo- 1318
IT IS FREE
F. E. MYERS
& BROTHER
Ashland Pump 6 Hay Tool Works
135 Orange St., ASHLAND, OHIO
“IT PAYS
THE MAN Fio. 1363
THAT
«PR A Y<2’
I
“ LEADER 1
Gasoline Pressure Machine I
Has Horse-Power, 4-Cycle Engine
and Hopper Jacket lor Cooling.
It supplies io nozzles at a pressure of 200
lbs. with safety valve blowing off, and
this service can easily be increased with¬
out overtaxing the engine.
A Complete Spraying Rig
end It will rcttll the funk, saw wood, grind
feed, run your repair shop, shell or clean your
grain, run the cream separator or the chum, and
Is safe, simple and satisfactory.
Also S-IIorsc-I’ower Itigs with Triplex Pumps
—We also manufacture a full lino of Darrel,
Knapsack, and Power Potato Sprayers with
Mechanical Agitators and Automatic Strain¬
er Cleaners. Catalogue FREE. f
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.
2 1 1 th St., Elmira N. Y.
General Agents,
JOHN DEERE PLOW CO.,
Kansas Citt, Mo.. St. Louis. Mo.
C. P. R0THWELL& CO., Mahtinsburc. W. V*.
JBRflCK^-SHAW^^inCO^EIo^otUdASS^^
LIGHT WEIGHT, Any team handles it
HIGH PRESSURE, 200 pounds all day
ENGINE, Famous “New Way” aircooled.
A farm engine every day in the year.
BUY A HIGH GRADE SPRAYER
I UWS&SS PfTYSSEL?R
The First Season Used
Write us for “ Success ” catalog No. 5
TftfMewWayMms Company
Lahsjks, HtcniQAJt. U.S.A.
14 0. SHERIDAN STREET
«KANT-KLOG’V#:,
SPRAYERS
Something New
Gets twice the results *~£2l=is.
with same laborand fluid. ? 5 s-3*’'
Flat or round, line or coarse sprays
from name nozzle. Ten styles. For
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing,
etc. Agents Wanted. Booklet Free.
Rochester Spray Pump Co.
Spraying
Guide Free
DEFEND YOUR FRUIT TREES
From San Jose Scale and fungus
diseases with a Defender Sprayer
Powerful two-line spraying ap¬
paratus. Made of brass; perfect
construction. Quickly attached
to barrel ; easy working. Saves
time, labor and fruit. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed.
Descriptive circular and prica
list free. Write today.
C. S. HARDER,
Box 75, Catskill, N. Y.
THE HAMILTON RESERVOIR
ORCHARD
HEATER
Positively
the most
effeotlve
heater be¬
cause of its
REGULATED
FIRE. Many
other points of suneriorlty.
Write for our RED BOOK on orchard
heating free. Tells you how best to smudge
HAMILTON ORCHARD HEATER CO., Grand Junction, Col*.
274
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 4,
AN AIR PRESSURE SPRAYING OUTFIT
When A. I. Loop put out his first
little compressed air sprayer a forward
step was taken that I believe will soon
turn into one grand march of com¬
pressed air sprayers through every or¬
chard in the land where good work is
required at least possible expense and
trouble. Certain business conditions
spray gangs of two each, one mechanic
at engine and compressor, and two men
at mixing and loading station, 7,000 to
8,000 heavily loaded trees were thor¬
oughly sprayed daily to a sum total of
nearly 300,000 trees. There were no
break-downs, or stops for repairs. While
the first cost of plant was nearly $3,000,
effectiveness and low cost of work in
J. H. HALE’S COMPOUND AIR SPRAYING STATION.
hard to overcome having made it diffi¬
cult for manufacturers to see any profit
in the air spray outfit, the development
has been slow and almost wholly by or-
chardists, who wanted something better
than gasoline engines and pumps. Two
years ago, when convinced that three to
four annual sprayings must in future be
given to the more than one hundred
thousand trees in our Georgia peach or¬
chard, I spent many months and thous¬
ands of miles of travel looking over
such compressed air sprayers as were
then jn use. I found no two exactly
alike, or anywhere near perfect, yet all
able to do good work to the satisfac¬
tion of their owners, all of whom ad¬
vised me strongly to go in for com¬
pressed air. Therefore, after a careful
sifting of all their ideas and experi¬
ments, I became satisfied that nearly all
would have to be rejected, and a new
start made on a scientific basis, and so I
placed my need before Ralph B. Carter,
a hydraulic engineer of New York, who
had used compressed air in much of his
work for years, and by the combination of
his scientific knowledge with my prac¬
tical needs and limitations, an outfit
was constructed that for efficiency and
economy in large orchards on reason¬
ably level lands I am confident has no
equal in the country to-day. The power
consists of 10 horse-power gasoline en¬
gine and a two-stage air compressor set
on solid iron bed piece and connected by
shaft; no belts or pulleys of any kind,
simply one solid piece of machinery.
The tanks were 10 feet long and two
feet in diameter and are made of one-
fourth-inch galvanized steel, double
riveted; this was tested to 400 pounds
pressure and warranted for 250 pounds.
(Never, never buy a ready-made tank,
have them made right or have none at
all.) Cross heads were put in these
tanks, so that air might be in one end
and liquid spray, in the other. This plan
enabled us to haul a well-balanced load,
while the old two-tank plan makes a
heavy one-sided load, on the liquid tank
side. Couplings, fittings, etc., were all
of the very best and everything as near
fool-proof as it was possible to make it.
A quick shift coupling with Y .connec¬
tion for the two lines of hose made it
possible to connect and disconnect hose
in a small fraction of a minute. Six of
these tanks were made and fitted up.
Our water supply being only a little to
one side of center of orchard, the com¬
pressor was there permanently located
by the mixing tanks. The average haul
being about one mile, we were able to
keep a rapid fire line up of three foun¬
tains squirting a steam-like mist over
the trees all the time. One team being
at the charging station and two going
and coming, loaded and empty, required
six teams of mules and drivers; three
orchard will soon pay for that. After
lying idle from June until December the
plant was started up without loss or
trouble and our Winter spraying all
done so quickly that it really seemed
more like a little Christmas frolic among
the trees, as no one dreads the spray
job any more.
The year’s experience in the South
fully convinced me of the value of com¬
pressed air over any other form of
power for spraying, so that during the
past few months I have had Mr. Carter
work out plans for two engines and
compressor equipment and 10 one-horse
tank carts, suitable for our rough hilly
lands at Glastonbury and Seymour, in¬
stead of the one big tank of the South,
for both air and spray liquid. Two
short chubby tanks are used and placed
parallel of the axle, between the wheels
so as to easily turn about anywhere that
a horse and two wheels can go. The
air tank being larger than the liquid
tank of 65 gallons, allows us to start
spraying with 200 pounds pressure and
finish at about 125 pounds (which, by
the way, is fully enough for all practical
orchard purposes). It appears to be an
ideal equipment for the intended i tork
and I think will be largely patterned
after in years to come. Agitation is
continuous by gearing to the wheels; it
was thought at one time we might be
able to do the agitation with the air, but
it was not feasible. j. H. hale.
REASONS WHY
BLANCHARD’S
brand;
SPRAYIMCN5i^///Ar£«Mls
ARE THE BEST
are made by the OLDEST manufacturers of agricultural
syrays in the world.
They are made by the LARGEST manufacturers of agricultural
sprays in the world.
They arc made by a firm whoso exclusive business is manufac¬
turing agricultural sprays and insecticides.
BECAUSE— 55
BECAUSE-
BECAUSE-
»> wr' A f ici^ _ They are made by the only firm who manufacture a COMPLETE
•D IL Vrf/\ LI w Erf LI N E of agricultural sprays.
RR'f' A HQT _ They are made in the most PERFECTLY EQUIPPED PLANTS
DLLAUOIrf in the world for manufacturing agricultural sprays.
They are made by BLANCHARD SPECIAL IMPROVED PRO-
UJvCAUSErf - ( ESSES, designed to manufacture the most perfect sprays and
insecticides, and for no other purpose.
THE BLANCHARD PRODUCiS
LION BRAND Lime-sulphur Solution LION BRAND Fir Tree Oil
LION BRAND Bordeaux Mixture LION RRAND Insect Powder
LION BRAND Pure Paris Green LION BRAND Powdered Tobacco
LION BRAND Arsenate of Lead LION BRAND Weedicide
LION BRAND Kerosene Emulsion LION BRAND Grafting Wax
LION BRAND Pure Powdered Hellebore LI0N»BRAN0 Sticky Binding
LION BRAND Whale Oil Soap LION BRAND Cattle Content
AND SEVERAL SPECIALTIES
Every successful reader of The Rural New-Yorker knows he must spray if he is to
have a crop marketable at profitable prices, and an orchard constantly increasing in
value and earning capacity.
It has become now simply a question of whose spraying materials to use. Those
who KNOW will have none but LION BRAN D-BLANCH ARD’S LION
B RAN D— because of their scientifically worked out formulas, perfection in manufac¬
ture, and dependable uniformity in quality and effectiveness. Buy from your local
dealer or write to us and refuse to allow any one to foist on you any other brand.
FREE BOOKLET
“WHEN, WHY AND HOW TO SPRAY" is an exceedingly valuable little booklet on tbe subject of
spraying, putting everything in concise, readable shape, and we will be glad to send a copy to you
by mail, if you send your address.
LION BRAND PRODUCTS ARE GUARANTEED UNDER THE
INSECTICIDE ACT OF 1910, BY
JAMES A. BLANCHARD COMPANY
524 HUDSON TERMINAL 1 1 1 BROAD STREET
New York, N. Y. St. Joseph, Mich.
The HAND SPRAMOTORS
as.
No.
I and 2
with horse-drawn cart, can he used for or¬
chards, vineyards, row crops or weed
spraying. As shown, it is arranged for
row crops and weeds, but all attachments
are interchangeable. Has Steel Axle, 52 in.
wheel of best hardwood, adjustable width
of track and rows, all brass Spramotor,
with brass ball valves, mechanical agita¬
tor, compensating plunger. All of
the highest grade throughout, for
one horse only.
Price, $47.00 to $54.00.
Write for free treatise.
2 Gold Medals National Horticultural Congress.
1320 Erie St., Buffalo, INT. Y.
w Sprayed with
Bowker’s PyTOX
brings more money
because it is free from injury by worms,
scab, etc. Over 300 testimonials in our
new catalogue show the great value of this preparation on all kinds of fr uits
and vegetables. Pyrox serves two purposes ; it kills insects and prevents dis¬
ease and blemish. It adheres to the foliage even through heavy rains, saving
labor and cost of re-spraying. Perfectly safe. It is all ready to use by mixing
with . cold water. Every grower who seeks fruit and vegetables fiee fiom
blemish needs “Pyrox,” the ‘ ‘one best spray. ’ ’ It
“ Fills the barrel with the kind they used to put on Top”
Send for new catalogue with photograph of sprayed and unsprayed fi uit in
original colors. Will convince the most skeptical. Say how many and what
kinds of fruit trees, or how many acres of potatoes you have to spray, and ask
for special prices. We ship from Boston, Baltimore, and Cincinnati.
"D rkAX7"in? 1? INSECTICIDE COMPANY,
Jj Lf W l\. L XV 43 CHATHAM STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
1911
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER.
275
MAILCOUPON FOR THIS
/ BOOK FREE //i
VERY farmer, fruit grower and gardener has
need for a spraying outfit, and right here at
headquarters is the sprayer for you— no
yle or size you want. Brown’s Auto-Sprays
erever spraying is done. Whether you want
the most
Coupon IS
1VT a r »
a hand power, traction power or gasoline power outfit — here it is
efficient, most economical, most durable outfit of its kind made _
We are the largest spraying-machine manufacturers in the world and
have over 300,000 satisfied customers. We will be glad to refer you to any /JM
number of our customers in your section. We want to send you our book
so you can read all about Auto-Sprays and the letters from many prominent
orchardists. You will be interested to read about the great reliability of ^
Auto-Sprays— their simplicity, their durability— their capacity for doing the
work as it should be done.
The Famous Auto-Spray No. 1 f-“‘° -Spray No. 1 is the most power-
r ** ful and most satisfactory of all small
hand power sprayers. Holds three gallons of solution and one gallon of compressed air. It is
the only small sprayer equal to heavy work, and is just the thing for the man who wants to
spray five acres of potatoes or a few trees. It is just the outfit for a small orchard, whitewashing
the poultry-house and handling kerosene orother fluid. It is the onlysmallhand-poweroutfit good
enough to be guaranteed to do the work RIGHT— in the shortest time— with the least expense,
Auto-Spray No 24 is a barrel sprayer with large capacity.- Furnished with r
or without barrel and with orchard equipment and potato attachment, as
desired. No valves concealed and all working parts exposed. If you
"want to do heavy work by hand, this is the outfit for you
Auto-Spray No, U
tiUAUit VALVi
emvsT Human
CYIINDIU JACKtt
i&wtoh
Brown’s
Hand and Power
Auto-Sorai
Fly WHtCl
ooveenoz zoo
AIZ CXAH6CK.
Sway Shut off.
C0MPRC33I0N BOS
iCAB Y/HttL
’Auto Spray** No. 1
rOU WJMA/I
SaFCTy
VALVI
QQVUtNO*
CJACl 4
CONNECTING
RyOo . _
PVMf> OUCHAKl'
VALVU
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CLUTCH
HUMP JUCT/Off.
are also used and endorsed by practically every Government and State Ex
periment Station. Tell us your needs— let us know the work you have t<
Auto-Spray No. 24
Non-Clog Atomic Nozzle— furnlsl
all Traction and Gasoline Fow
Sprays, when desired.
Accessories For
Auto-Spray No. 1
Auto-Spray N< 28
Capacity zto gal. icrwtr
vhlle driving.
jfiii'ifilf* Our book will be worth money to you
because of the valuable information it
contains and the fact that it will show you the right
machine for your purpose at the right price. ' Contains
a fully revised and carefully compiled spraying guide,
which every fruit-grower, farmer and
gardener will find of great value in their
— spraying work throughout the year. Send
for this book now.
E. C. Brown, President-
Tile E. C. Brown Company
28 Jay Street, Rochester. N. Y.
For reaching under
side of meion.cn cum-
e;rewl*rr7
Brass Strainer
A great convenience for
proper BlUiPg o£ eolu.
Made of braes.
Built for Practical Orchardists
by Practical Mechanics
We manufacture exactly the power sprayei
Manufactured entirely in
, by the best mechanics we can hire, of
been looking for
factory
selected material, and we have no hesitancy in
teeing it to be the most complete, practical sp:
the market today.
Ten reasons why you should buy a Deyo:
1. We are manufacturers
not assemblers,
2. Ten years in actual field service. .
3. You get experience, not an experiment.
4. Will run properly on any ground.
5. Not affected by extreme temperature.
6. Air-cooled horizontal engine.
7. No packings on engine.
8. Direct connected pump and engine,
9. Few working parts — easily accessible.
10. Liberal guarantee.
There are many other reasons.
Ask for Booklet 19A.
THE DEYO-MACEY ENGINE COMPANY
BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK
270
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 4.
NEW LIME-SULPHUR STRAINER. according to the fineness of straining
One of the problems arising in the desired. For lime-sulphur alone, tinned
home preparation of concentrated lime- iron wire is preferable, while for Bor-
sulphur is the proper handling of the deaux brass is best. Whichever ma-
sediment. The earlier plans allowed it terial is used, it should be rinsed off
LIME-SULPHUR STRAINER. Fig. 92.
to settle after boiling, and then drew off
only the clear liquid above. In a prop¬
erly made concentrate, however, most
of the sediment is much like smoke, both
in fineness of particles and in the ap¬
pearance of occupying much greater
space than it really does. Thus we have
found in concentrates permitted to set¬
tle for weeks that the sediment us¬
ually appeared to occupy from 30 to 50
per cent of the total volume, when, after
filtration, washing and drying, it proved
really to occupy only about three to 10
per cent. The use of the settling method
alone therefore would result in a loss
of 20 to 40 per cent of the efficient liquids
in each lot of concentrate made.
On the other hand, the occasional
lumps and coarse particles, occurring as
a result of impurities or defects of
manipulation, made it unwise to disre¬
gard the sediment entirely, and attempt
to use it all along with the solution.
The usual methods of straining were
therefore resorted to as a safeguard. It
was found, however, that with the or¬
dinary types of strainers, the mixture
of coarse and fine particles rapidly ac¬
cumulated on the screen and very soon
produced an effective dam. This dif¬
ficulty had been partially overcome by
placing the screens at an angle, or in
the form of cones in the strainers. The
fundamental difficulty, however, con¬
sisted in the fact that all the straining
was done downward. All particles too
coarse for the screen remained upon it
and soon clogged it up completely. To
meet the real difficulty, therefore, we
have made a strainer that strains up¬
ward, the construction of which is shown
in the accompanying illustration, Fig.
92. In it the coarse particles fall away
from the screen, thus permitting the
liquid and fine particles to flow through
without interruption. By its use the
straining can be done immediately, with¬
out the loss of time involved in the set¬
tling method, and at the close of the
straining it enables one to wash out
and save all efficient liquids remaining
in the coarse portion of the sediment,
by running through the strainer the
water required for the next batch.
Fig. 92 is a new* type of strainer for
lime-sulphur or other spray materials.
The liquid enters at A, passes upward
through the screen, and is carried where
desired through a hose attached to the
spigot. The coarse particles thus fall
away from the screen instead of ac¬
cumulating on it. The material to be
strained is poured in at A, passes up
through the screen, and is carried where
desired through a hose attached to the
spigot. The exact dimensions used in
the figure are convenient but not essen¬
tial. They may be increased, if very
large lots are to be strained at a single
time. The screen is also made remov¬
able in our strainer, being held down by
four revolving cleats as shown. While
this also is a non-essential, yet it per¬
mits the screen to be lifted out when re¬
moving the waste materials, and per¬
mits more than one size of mesh or kind
of wire to be readily available. The
mesh may run from 30 to 50 to the inch,
thoroughly immediately after using, in
which event it should last indefinitely.
j. P. STEWART.
Penn. Experiment Station.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 24.
SUCCESSFUL
PEACH CULTURE
Is 50 per cent. tree. Which
means that you must have strong,
vigorous trees to start with. No
use putting time, fertilizer and care
into a poor tree.
Harrison’s Trees are strong,
healthy and full of life. In our
nursery the trees have the advantage
of 2 month’s extra growth on soil
made rich by clover and cow peas.
This lets them mature and they
start full of vigor and life. Plant
such a tree and give it a fair chance
and it will take care of you. All
varieties — early and late. Send for
our catalogue. “It’s a Peach.”
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Boxl5, Berlin, Md.
TO TREE
SURGEONS
You will soon be busy operating.
Have you modern up-to-date in¬
struments, to do fast, easy and per¬
fect work and save time and money?
If not, investigate. Our Kansas
Pruning Knife Improved is auto¬
matic — no hand levers to bother.
Our llajipj Thought Knife for light work has
pump-gun action which means something.
Illustrated circulars for the asking .
INTERNATIONAL TOOL CO.
49-51 Porter Street, DETROIT, MICH.
Spray Boilers
Boil spray mixtures with the
Farmers’ Favorite Boiler and
Cooker. Large capacity, practical
and economical. Also useful to
cook stock and poultry feed, boil
sap, render lard, cook scrapple and
sterilize milk cans. Burns wood.
Costs little. Wears long. Send for
special sale list and save money.
MFG. C0-, Box C. Cortland. N. Y.
Use a pump that lasts
and drives the spray
mixture home.
larnes All-Brass Perfection
Bucket Spray Pump
| is the best made for efficient work.
Made of seamless brass xi o _
threads. Kasily taken apart. Price, (Including
5- ft. rubber hose and 2 nozzles) Only $3.00.
Barnes Double Acting Barrel Pump
All brass working parts in contact with liquid. Throws liquid
wlth immense force; one stroke of handle sustains Spray « minutes
lid over. A marvel among high grade sprayers. Complete with
6- fk hose and Vermorel nozzle, |9.00. With two leads hose and
V °m ake^ v cr ’six? e ty "lea and sizes of pumps. Write for FREE
catalog.
BARNES MFG. CO., Dept.22, Mansfield, Ohio
The DEYO POWER SPRAYER
(KESTUNE MFC. CO.,
Triple Your
Fruit Crop
You Can Do It by
Spraying
Government Tests have proven
ed trees only produce
salable
af-
RESTLINE
Double Acting
Spray Pump
—the barrel pattern. It makes
the work easy, is the most sim¬
ple to operate, and produces a
constant, uniform spray that is
most effective. Ix)t us send you
descriptive circular— free. #
35 Henry St., Crestline, Ohio
BARREL SPRAYER
READY TO USE
Can bo drawn on sled or wagon, by one borse,
through orchard or garden.
Pump is entirely outside ot barrel and solutions,
and is similar to the one on our Combination r leiu
OrehardSprayer-100 to 125 pounds pres¬
sure-one or two leads of hose-conven-
ient check valves — no leather packing.
50 gallon, horizontal barrel— no dan
ger of upsetting whether empty or
tilled — nothing inside but the dasher.
Ask us quick for
information on this
latest addition to the
WOHM
lino of F a riu and
Garden Implements.
IT IS UP TO YOU
if you have not gotten complete control of the dread
San J osc Seal©-
WE KNOW THAT
SCALECIDE
_ _ _ j _ T .4 m/v C»i *-» V»vi t* fnr loee TYiAnov B.nii lf>RS lahOT — filX V GILT!
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND
IS THE CHEAPEST AND BEST. IT HAS NO SUPERIOR.
SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE.
Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money
Spraying Compound ready to mix with water. One
gallon of Spraying compound will make from sixteen to
twenty gallons of spray.
Terms:— In bbl. lots (50 gal.) 30c. per gal.
We would refer you to J. H. Hale, the Peach King, or
Prof. Jarvis of the Connecticut Agricultural College.
They will tell you there is nothing better.
THE J. T. ROBERTSON CO., BOX R, MANCHESTER, COHN.
Pure Canada Unleached Hardwood Ashes
“THE JOYNT BRAND”
“THE BEST BY TEST”
Now is the time to order your fertilizer for this
season. There is none Better tor all crops than
pure wood ashes. My ashes are all collected from
house to house where wood is used for fuel.
Write for Prices Delivered at your station.
Address: JOHN JOYNT
Lucknow, Out. Canada
Reference : Bradstroets Ageney or Molsons Bank, Lucknow
will do It more effectively than Lime-Sulphur, for less money and less labor— six years of proofs.
PRICES: — In barrels and half barrels, 60c. per gallon ; 10 gallon cans, $0.00; 6 gallon cans, $3.25 ; 1 gallon cans, $1.00.
Conclusive proofs in Booklets, “ Orchard Dividends" and "Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and.
Packing Apples." Both free.
If you want Cheap oils, our “CARBOLEINE ” at 30c. per gallon is the equal of anything else.
B. G. PRATT CO., MFG. CHEMISTS, 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY.
For BIGGER crops and BETTER use
Shipped in 100-lb. bags, bandy to handle, in powder form ready for use. No
waste in slaking and screening - every bit available for distribution by band or
spreader Delivered in carloads of 20 ons to New England points for $8.00 to $9.00
per ton, price varying with freight rates, or write to ns for name of nearest dealer from
whom you can buy any amount.
Lime feeds run-down land. Lime sweetens land soured by fertilizers. Lime
shakes up clogged soil and bolds together soil that is too loose. The cost is only a
fraction of the extra profit you will get by using it.
Our free booklet, “Liming t lie Land,” tells about the when, where and how of liming.
ROCKLAND-ROCKPORT LIME CO.
Boston, 24 Milk St. Koekland, Me. New York, Fifth Ave. Bldg.
1911.
PLAIN FACTS ABOUT SPRAYING.
When and How to Do It.
Good Spraying is one of the most
necessary things in the whole matter of
growing either good trees or good fruit,
which two things are very closely con¬
nected. There is no question that a
large number of fruit growers all over
the country are practically experts in the
matter of spraying, but this generally
apphts to men who make fruit-growing
their principal business, and 1 believe
the fact still remains that many farmers
who are growing fruit as a side line, or
treating it as a part of their farm opera¬
tions do not know many of the things
necessary to good and economic work in
spraying. It is with the thought of
making the tiling more clear to the latter
class that this article is written.
Different Kinds. — There are four
distinct kinds of spraying practiced
more or less in this section. First is
the generally termed dormant spray
for various kinds of scale insects, blister
mite, and also beneficial for many other
insects, and fungus troubles. This is
a caustic spray, yet can be used at al¬
most any strength without injury, if
used before buds swell. Second, the
contact spray for the many kinds of
aphis, pear psylla and various sucking
insects that work after the tree is in
partial or full foliage. These must be
applied at specific strengths, as there is
not a wide margin between the killing
of the insect and the injury of the
foliage. Third, the application of fun¬
gicides and insecticides combined for
Codling moth, apple-scab and various
leaf-eating insects and fungus troubles.
Fourth, the application of fungicides
alone for control of the rot in peaches,
plums, cherries, grapes, etc. If lime-
sulphur is used as the fungicide in the
two latter cases, there will need be
some care also lest there be bad burning.
This, however, is not necessary, as there
is quite a wide margin between strengths
at which bad burning occurs, and that
which will answer as a fungicide; this is
especially true in the case of the rot of
stone fruits.
.Absolutely Needed. — No matter what
kind of spray we are going to apply,
some things are absolutely necessary for
good results (one of which I want to
say right here is not a power sprayer).
Some of the most essential things for a
good application are a good, steady pres¬
sure, plenty of hose, a good cut-off, a
good nozzle, an extension rod. For
large trees, also, a tower of some kind
from which you can apply the spray
from above, and a two-inch nipple and
elbow to attach to end of rod. These
are some of the things I consider neces¬
sary, and perhaps it would be well to
give some of the reasons why. Unless
we have a steady pressure the man with
the rod does not know what to depend
on. _ For instance, if he wants to reach
a distant point it is essential from an
economical standpoint that he should
know whether he can do it from where
he stands or if he must move to do so.
If he tries from where he is, and then
finds lie must move, it is a loss of mix¬
ture and time, and a man can only be
accurate in this respect when working
with a steady pressure. Plenty of hose;
as far as my observation goes there
is no one cause of so much dissatisfac¬
tion in spraying as lack of hose. Noth¬
ing will waste time and mixture so fast
as trying to spray something that is
just out of reach, and beside, there is
always the inclination to think it won’t
do any harm if you don’t get it quite
all, or, “We will get it the next time we
come around.” I have seen intelligent
men trying to spray large trees with
10 feet of hose, starting and stopping
the team continually, with the result
that the outfit was standing still about
half the time and doing mighty poor
work. Forty feet of hose costs about $4.
Flow long does it take to lose $4 with
two or three men standing still one-half
the time? Flow much hose should we
have? Depends on the size of the tree;
enough to keep the team and outfit well
up into the wind, and allow the man
with the rod to pass around the tree
without moving the team.
A Good Cut-off, Nozzle and Exten¬
sion Rod. — The high-priced ones are not
necessarily the best. Avoid one with
ground joint, as they will drip after
very little use. One that has given me
most satisfaction is packed with wicking,
is cheap, and works fine. Some, too,
although they never leak, work too
hard to be considered practical. There
is no reason why the spray should not
be stopped the instant you have applied
enough, and that means a better job
with less material ; this is impossible
without a good cut-off. I prefer one of
the rural, new-yorkew
the round or disk nozzles, in some cases
one of these will deliver as much mix¬
ture and in as good shape as three or
four of some of the other styles; they
are free from projections, thus passing
easilv in and out among the branches
without catching, and while the spray is
broken up fine yet the opening is larger
than in other styles, .and is not easily
clogged. One of these disk nozzles was
brought out some few years ago ; the
fact that nearly every manufacturer of
spraying equipment to-day in the coun¬
try is getting as close to this as possible
without infringement, is pretty good
evidence of their popularity and effi¬
ciency. An extension rod is something
we cannot do without; it increases the
covering capacity of a man many times,
and makes it easy to cover work from
the ground that could not he reached
from a step ladder. The longer the
rod, so long as it is not unwieldy, the
better for . large trees; for small trees
eight feet is long enough.
Platform or I ower. — For trees over
lo to 18 feet high to do good work it
will be necessary to have a platform or
tower of some kind. Where trees are
not too high a cheap and serviceable
one may be made of ordinary 10-inch
hemlock boards, using same material for
making side steps, platform, legs and
braces. Make much the same as a step-
ladder, only not so steep, having top
two boards wide. This can be used in
a wagon box where a barrel sprayer is
used, or on top of a tank, and will be
rigid, and at the same time easily re¬
moved, if you have a rod ma'de the
same as used to hold the end board in
a wagon box, of proper length to pass
down through the platform of steps and
bottom of wagon or top of tank, using
handle nut and washer to tighten. It
will also be improved if posts are fas¬
tened to the four corners, waist high
and a rail put around three sides. A
short nipple and elbow to attach to end
of rod, causing the nozzle to set and
deliver at right angles, is indispensable
for getting under sides of limbs on low¬
headed trees. It is also fine where your
rod will reach over the top of a tree, to
turn the spray down over the tree at a
pressure rather than throw it up past
the tree and let it settle back. When
the wind veers it does not always settle
where we want it, and then, too, you can
spray to a certain extent against the
wind without getting any on you. This
with a straight delivery would be im¬
possible, as the wind would carry it
right back over you.
Necessary Rules. — And then there
are some rules that must be generally
observed. Most mixtures must be kept
constantly and thoroughly agitated. Un¬
less trees are small, they must be gone
over twice to insure a good job, once
with north wind and once with south
wind. It is not practical to spray against
the wind except on rare occasions. The
horses should always be headed towards
the wind, and rodman work back of
wagon ; there is no need of or advantage
in covering the team, man who pumps
or outfit with mixture. Never handle
lime-sulphur mixture without greasing
the hands well with vaseline, and faee
as well, . if there is danger of getting
any on it. For all spraying a pair of
common unlined leather* mittens, well
greased with vaseline inside and out, is
better than rubber gloves, much cheaper
and more serviceable. When trees are
to be gone over twice from two different
directions, heavy winds can be worked
in and sometimes to advantage. It is
not practical, or at Jeast not the best
practice, to spray large trees for scale
except there be wind enough to carry
the spray well through the trees. Where
two leads of hose are used, and large
trees are being sprayed, generally one
can work in the tower and one on the
ground to best advantage. It is much
harder to lay down rules about the kind
of sprayer to use. If we are to believe
the manufacturers, every one is the best.
On the other hand, if any one was much
superior to all the others it must soon
be the only one in use, so we are forced
to the conclusion that all have their ad¬
vantage, and a man must be governed
by his wants and conditions. There is
no doubt that with the other equipment
all that _ could be desired, one tree
whether it be large or small, can be as
well and more economically sprayed with
a good barrel sprayer than with any
power sprayer made. Every sprayer has
a given capacity; that is, one can be
reasonably sure to get over a certain
number of trees of any particular size in
a specified time. Therefore, the first
thing to take into consideration is “Flow
much capacity is necessary to go over
the tree surface I have in the time I have
to do the spraying in,” and then decide
what is the cheapest way to get it.
Columbia Co., N. Y. wm. hotaling.
( To be continued )
277
M »
- .
Man-Power POTATO and ORCHARD SPRAYER
Sprays anything— everything.
Potatoes, truck, etc., 4 rozvs at a
time. Also first-class tree and
vineyard sprayer. Develops high
pressure and is easy to operate.
Cheap in price, light, strong
and durable. Has 26 inch zvheel
•with 3 inch wide tire, makes it
easy to push along. The 1 0 gal¬
lon tank is made of heavy gal¬
vanized iron, coated on inside
with acid-proof enamel— will last
10 to 12 years.
Spray arms adjustable to any
width or height of row. Can be
thrown straight up or at an angle
for spraying vineyards, berries,
etc. Equipped with Hurst im¬
proved vermorel nozzles. Han¬
dles all solutions.
In field spraying the machine
generates its pressure automati¬
cally as you push it along, and in
orchard spraying you operate the
pump by hand the same as a bar¬
rel sprayer. Easily changed for
either work in five minutes. No
wrench required to do it. No
leather or rubber about this
pump to cause you trouble. Brass
ball valves, plunger, strainer,
etc.
Warranted for five years.
Shipped “ on trial” without a cent
in advance. Special free sprayer
offer for first in each locality this
season, (See below. ) Write
to-day — be the first and save
money.
Our Free Trial Offer is Genuine
No money in advance- -no bank deposit or other
scheme which in effect does make you pay in ad¬
vance. FREE, F - R - double - E. That is our offer.
Get your Sprayer now and wait if you wish until after
it has paid for itself to pay us. This genuine free
trial offer applies to any Sprayer we make. You try
it for ten days, then after you buy you can pay us
cash or we’ll wait till you sell your crop, then you can
pay us out of the ‘"extra profit.” We pay freight .
Wholesale dealers * prices.
Horse- Power POTATO and
ORCHARD Sprayer
Fitz-All Barrel Sprayer
For big grow¬
ers. Most
powerful ma¬
chine made.
60 to 100 gal¬
lon tank for
one o r
horses.
two
Steel
axle. One-piece-heavy-angle-iron frame,
cypress wood tank with adjustable round
iron hoops. Metal wheels. Adjustable
spray arms
and nozzles.
Brass ball-
valves, plun¬
ger, strainer,
etc. Big pump
gives vapor
spray. War¬
ranted for 5 years. Try this machine
at our expense with “ your money in
your pocket . ” See free offer. Write
to-day.
4-Wheel Traction Orchard Sprayer
For extensive orchards. Power¬
ful as a gasoline engine sprayer,
but costs much less, and is so
simple anyone can operate it with¬
out trouble. Short turn gear,
steel frame, wheels, axles, etc.,
200 gallon solution tank and 30
gallon galvanized steel compression
tank. Double cylinder pump
with brass ball valves and brass
working parts. Perfect agitation.
Five-year guarantee and ten days
free trial
Write
to-day
for full
descrip¬
tion and
whole-
s a 1 e
p rice.
Fits any barrel
or tank. High
pressure, per¬
fect agitation,
easy to operate.
Brass b a 1 1 -
valves, plunger,
strainer, etc. Automatic strainer
cleaner. No “ cup leathers or rub¬
ber ■” about any of our
sprayers. Furnished
plain, mounted on barrel,
or on wheels as shown.
5-yr. guarantee. It doesn't
costyou “ a cent” to try it in
your orchard. Get one free.
See below. Write to-d&y.
How to Get a SPRAYER FREE
Write us for particulars of our new
plan to give you a Sprayer, free. No solic¬
iting, bother, expense, or even a moment’s
time required from your work. Just a
little good nature on your part. Under this
plan you can get every cent of tlie money
hack that you have paid us, no matter
whether you have bought our largest and
most expensive Sprayer or one of our low-
priced sizes. We attend to the correspond¬
ence and selling. Many of our customers
have paid in full in this way for their
.Sprayers. There is no reason why you
should not do the same. Owing to the ex¬
treme liberality of this offer, we are com¬
pelled to limit it to the first order we re¬
ceive in each locality. Therefore, don’t you
delay. Be the first to write, so that you
can be the first to order. Send us the cou
pon below or write us a postal card to-day*
COUPON-fiii Out and send to-day
H. L. HURST MFG. CO.,
281(5 North St., Canton, Ohio.
Send me your Catalog, Spraying Guide,
and “special offer” on the sprayer marked
with an X below.
.Man-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer
Horse-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer
Fitz-All Barrel Sprayer
. 4-Wheel Traction Orchard Sprayer
Name.
Address.
HX. HURST MFG.CO.,2816 North St., Canton, Ohio
278
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Hope Farm Notes
FLORIDA NOTES. No. 4.
It is not generally known that Florida
increased over 50 per cent in population
during the past 10 years. The State lanks
near the top in this respect, and a good
proportion of this increase is located in
city and town. It is doubtful if Florida
will ever take rank as a manufacturing
State. There are few if any minerals, and
not a river, I think, that can provide water
power. Of course the lumber and turpen¬
tine interests are large, but in the nature
of the case these cannot he permanent.
"Climate” and farm products are to be the
assets of the future, and they are both as
valuable as most other States can show.
There can be no question about the de¬
lights of Florida during the four "mean”
Winter months. It seems natural to con¬
clude that as wealth accumulates in the
North more and more people will spend a
few weeks or months in the South. Of
course houses in the cold country are now
made so comfortable that one can live in
“canned sunshine” nearly to the limit of
civilization beyond the St. Lawrence, but
this is never like the real article, and
thousands will come each year to enjoy the
sun. There is the first opportunity for
Florida people as I can see it.
The State of Maine has gained untold
wealth by entertaining Summer boarders.
Just as people move away from the stove
when it gets too hot, thousands of them
hurry to Maine during July and August.
They carry a good-sized appetite and the
price for satisfying it along with them. The
Maine farmers get after that price by pro¬
viding fish, meat, eggs, fruit or vegetables.
It is the finest sort of market, and they
have captured a large share of it. The cool
breeze blowing over Maine is not as good
an asset as the warm Winter sun shining
upon Florida. Thousands of people come
here, and more will come when they realize
that there are places to stop other than
high-priced and fashionable hotels. What
I mean by the business of “climate” is
housing and feeding these people. At pres¬
ent they are largely fed upon imported food.
Our folks have had a few boarders
through the Winter. Most of them were
strangers, but they all seemed to pick up
the spirit of this happy land. One man
came down for a fishing trip, lie was away
all day on the lake, providing his own
lunch, and brought back all his fish to be
cooked for the family. That comes close to
what you might call a model boarder.
Others came down to rest and look up
property, and in a few hours they were out
helping the boys split wood. Not all
Florida tourists are like this, as you may
easily see by watching the people at fash¬
ionable hotels order the servants around
and find fault with the food. Splitting wood
or work over the wash tub is what such
people need, but there is no law to compel
them to work when they have the money.
The hotel keeper has no time to ask where
the money comes from — he says nothing,
but puts his price up to the limit. Many
of the smaller boarding houses give far
better entertainment. I think they will
multiply and take advantage of “climate.”
When it comes to feeding the army of
sunshine seekers the Florida people seem
to me like a man stamping with cowhide
boots on the face of good opportunity. One
man told me how he traveled through the
State before the freeze and saw good-sized '
houses each with a pile of tin cans as
large; as the barn. That is a good-sized
statement, but it carries a great truth. Go
and look these cans over and you would
find that the vegetables and fruit which
they once contained were packed in Maine,
Michigan or California. The entire country
had contributed, and the middlemen had
played their holdup to feed the Florida
orange growers. When the freeze suddenly
came it found people gambling in oranges
and sending money 1,000 miles or more
away to purchase food — every bit of which,
except a few things like flour and certain
groceries, could have been grown on their
own soil. I think it was this vital food
mistake which led to the abandonment of
many of those fine places. Ilad the owners
learned to feed themselves they could have
remained here, cut out the oranges and
grown other things. I know one case where
a place of six acres of good land and a
house that could not be built now for less
than $1800 was transferred for .$400, with
only half that cash. These and similar
things which involved fearful losses were
brought about by the old, insane Florida
idea of feeding and clothing the people out
of Northern canning factories and sweat
shops. That has always been the curse of
Florida. The old Spaniards did not at¬
tempt to raise any food. They lived in
their castle at St. Augustine and bought
food from Spain, or stole it as pirates.
They could not hold the country because
they did not root in the soil as farmers
and freeholders, but were little more than
cut-throats and hold-up men. Some of
tlmse tourists who go there now feel that
the hotel keepers are as good hold-up men
as ever were started. Of course I feel like
exempting our own boarding house ! The
fact is, however, that Florida development
has gone wrong in the scheme of feeding
her people at long range.
Hold up a man of moderate means in
Florida and analyze what he has on. His
shoes come from Massachusetts, his hat
from Connecticut, his shirt from Illinois,
his coat from New York, his stockings from
Rhode Island, and his belt probably from
Ohio. He is going home with supplies
bought at the village store. A piece of
bacon from Chicago, a broom from Penn¬
sylvania, a can of condensed milk from
Wisconsin, a can of sweet corn from Maine,
flour from Minnesota, sugar from Germany,
and representatives from several other
States. He is riding in a wagon from In¬
diana, the whip from New Hampshire, the
harness from New York. lie came from
Michigan because ho could not stand the
hard Winters, and hi? wife perhaps came
from Kansas. It is an even chance that
the mule is native born. Our folks pay ”0
cents a pound for a very inferior bacon.
It comes out of the packages thick with
mold. There are few better sections for
hog raising than north Florida. Over in
Marion Co. my friend S. II. Gaitskill tells
me that he sold seven tons or more of
pork at .$140 per ton live weight. Such
hogs run practically all the year on green
pasture. We are supposed to get potatoes
at a wholesale rate. This means $2.50 for
a sack weighing about 140 pounds. This
means nearly $1.10 per bushel. These ‘po¬
tatoes were evidently shipped direct to
Jacksonville from Maine by water, and the
original grower got 80 to 35 cents. In the
town where I bought my cow I went to
get* some groceries. Among other things
our folks wanted two quarts of split peas.
The grocer did not have them, but he gave
our boy a quarter to go out to another
store and buy them. The boy did all the
work, bought the peas and carried them to
the store, and my genial friend the store¬
keeper cheerfully put 30 cents on my bill—
as his profit of 20 per cent! I am told
that 75 per cent of the butter, cream, milk,
chickens, eggs and meat used in the Florida
hotels and boarding houses is brought from
the North.
Now all this suggests what Florida peo¬
ple could do to utilize their assets of “cli¬
mate.” The population of town and city
seems sure to increase. Some of the Florida
people think the Panama Canal will help
the State. I cannot see how ; in fact 1
think the entire South will be disappointed
in the effect of that canal upon its trade.
There can be no doubt, however, that
Florida is coming steadily and surely. It
will be an agricultural State with one of
the greatest Winter markets in the world.
These Summer boarders in Maine bring vast
sums of money into tin1 State. If the farm¬
ers did not stir themselves this money
would all pass away from the State once
more — back to the middlemen and storage
men in Boston and New York. The farm¬
ers get their share of it by providing just
what these boarders demand. That is one
chief reason why Maine is known as the
"Contented State," with probably, more
money per capita invested in safe securi¬
ties than any other farm State in the
Union. Yet Maine never had any such op¬
portunity as Florida has in long growing
season and in the princely expenditure of
people who come to enjoy “climate.”
As you know, 1 have stated that orange
* growing north of Tampa is a gamble. Some
Florida people protest against that, but I
still believe it is true. It seems to me
that this hanging to the old idea that
north Florida is a safe place to plant
orange trees has hurt the State by pre¬
venting the careful study of other crops. I
have got to the point where I would not
plant an orange tree anywhere. I think
the business is being overdone as judged by
what we see in the northern markets.
North Florida as I see it will do far bet¬
ter to let the oranges go and provide the
vegetables and canned goods, the meat and
the milk, which is now being brought into
the State from the North.
Now I would not willingly start any
Florida “boom” or get anyone excited over
the prospect. For the young and energetic
I think there are even better opportunities
in New England or along the hills down
through New York, Pennsylvania and the
Virginias. That is the latitude in which
the great, strong work of this continent is
to be done. Anyone who reads history must
know that while tin* warm country civiliza¬
tion makes its mark upon the world, the
really enduring things come out of the cold.
As a Winter home Florida has few su¬
periors. I have not been there in Summer,
people here tell me that they suffer
during August in most parts of the
ALSO FULL
LINE OF
GARDEN
TOOLS
March 4,
Also BARREL
A SPRAYER
FOR OR¬
CHARDS
x
A Quartet of
Potato Profit Producers
The Iron Age Potato Planter, Cultivator, Sprayer and Digger make music
i that is sweet to the. ear of every potato grower. In actual use they have
been proven superior to any other potato implements by producing a greater
increase of potatoes, both as to size, quantity and quality.
The Planter drops 10!)* of the seed correctly, making no doubles or misses,
never bruising the seed. ..... . . .
The Cultivators save time and labor, while insuring a more vigorous growth
t0 thCT^'e Sprayer destroys the ravage? of blight and potato beetle economically
and s,'':R!yA. inexpensively digs all the potatoes without injuring them.
If you want to plant all your seed properly and harvest all your crop, and
make more money from every acre of potatoes, follow the example of those
who are succeeding— use
IRON ACE
POTATO MACHINERY
The Maine State Experimental Station, in 1910, made a careful,
thorough test using a “picker” planter and an Iron Age (Improved
" ' ’ • " - - ™ ' |. r]'he average results obtained showed
XL
Robbins) Potato Planter. -
57 MORE BUSHELS OF POTATOES TO THE ACRE
where nlanted with the Iron Age. Ask us for proof and we will send
yo if a6 bona1 fide coSyofthid.- Bulletin No 188 Jt shows exact results.
Also comparison of level culture, high and model ate ndgmg.
Iron Age machines have long passed the experimental stnge-
they have proved their worth in actual use on two continents. They
.are quality machines at moderate prices.
Write today for our Diamond Anniversary Catalog— it tells all
you want to know about our superior line of Potato Machinery,
t and describes the complete line of Iron Age, Farm and Garden ,
* Implements, including orchard tools, horse hoes, '
etc. Mailed free for the asking.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
Box 102X
GRENLOCH
N. J.
)
tj& -t, ■ % <-•-
A
Hurry Up — Don’t Sow Your Grass Seed
Till You See That New Metal Box
ON
Strong galvanized Fteol seed box with adjustable openings
—sows evenly— all kinds of grass seeds and most grains—
special agitator for clmft'y seeds. Steel covers lit tight no
spilling. Wheelbarrow has steel wheel, wide tire — box
rests on springs. Sows 12 and 14 ft. Circulars free— write.
THE SEEDER MFC. CO., Box <}, HOMER, MICH,
THE
MICHIGAN
SEEDER
MAKE YOUR OWN TILE
One Man Can Make 300 to 600 Perfect Tile a Day
TRS? FARMERS’ CEMENT TILE MACHINE
at a cost of $3 to $5 per 1000. The only farm tile machine that does not
renuire hand tamping ; the only farmers’ machine operated by eith¬
er band or power. Machine makes 3, 4, 5, C and 8 inch tile, 12>4 inches
long. Our Patented Water-Prool FLEXIBLE CASINO holds tile in perfect .
shape till set. NoPallets. Ifafter |A niVC CDCC TDIAI ’
10 days’ trial it does not meet |U UHI V flltt I nlftla ,
with entire satisfaction, return at oor expense. The price of the ma¬
chine will be saved in making your first 2000 tile. Can Yon Afford to Be
Without It? Write todayfor illustrated catalogue. _
FARMERS' CEMENT TILE MACHINE CO.,
Box 604 St. Johns, Michigan.
• Vv V
but
more _ „
North than they do here. I think the host
opportunities in the State are for those
who suffer from cold or other infirmities
which this climate will relieve. As for a
strong man coming here as a pioneer as
he would go West or North into a wilder¬
ness, 1 would not advise him to try it.
But in order to get a fair idea of it let us
see just what a man would come to if he
struck this part of Putnam County right
now. H. c.
Make Poor land Good.
Make Good land Better.
And raise larger, surer crops by properly tiling every acre
of your farm. Correct tiling is the most profitable kind
of permanent improvement for your farm, and it can be
done best and quickest by a
CYCLONE TILE DITCHING MACHINE
This machine will in 10 days more than repay its cost. Has a capacity of
300 to 400 rods of ditching a day, at average depths up to 2 ft. and over, ac¬
cording to size of machine. As easy to operate as a gang — —
plow. Send today for booklet,
“Ditching Dollars” with its —
valuable information about tiling.
The Jeschke Manufacturing Co.
Box 13 Bellevue, Ohio.'
1911.
Ruralisms
THE CASABA MELON.
Many fruit lovers there are who re¬
gard a prime muskmelon as about the
acme of horticultural excellence. The
small-fruited varieties of the Rocky Ford
and Emerald Gem types so commonly
grown in this country leave, when at
their best, little to be desired in the way
of flavor, appearance and aroma, but
there is always demand for greater size
if it can be had without serious sacrifice
of other good qualities. None of our
eastern varieties quite fills the void, but
there has long been cultivated in the hot
interior valleys of California a strain
of Persian melons under the group name
of Casaba that unites high quality with
imposing size. Casabas have been grown
for the past 40 years, as the best of
many varieties of Asiatic melons dis¬
tributed by the U. S. Commissioner of
Agriculture soon after the close of the
Civil War, and have become so popular
throughout California as to largely dis¬
place for home use other types of musk-
melons. According to old growers the
original form has been lost, but its ex¬
cellencies largely survive in the varie¬
ties known as Bidwell and Los Angeles
Casabas, vigorous growers, producing in
the deep soils and under the hot, bright
skies of the Sacramento and San
Joaquin valleys melons of truly delicious
quality, running from eight to 24 pounds
in weight. The flesh in good specimens
is creamy white, quite two inches in
thickness, juicy and crystalline in tex¬
ture, extremely sweet, but with a capti¬
vating flavor all its own. Externally,
they are dark, rugged, devoid of netting
and not especially attractive. There is
also less fragrance than is associated
with the smaller kinds of melon, but
this by manv is regarded as an ad¬
vantage. When Casabas are available,
from August until November, there is
little demand for other sorts. The
Rocky Ford and other good little kinds
have their innings in early Summer, but
are forced to make way for the lordly
Casabas as soon as the latter ripen.
These fine melons, much reduced por¬
traits of which are given on page 259,
retail locally for 10 to 20 cents each,
but on account of poor carrying quality
are now rarely shipped to distant mar¬
kets, though the nearly-related hard-
fleshed Winter or Pineapple melons of
the Pacific coast are occasionally sent
East in small quantity for the Winter
holiday market.
These Western Casabas evidently be¬
long to the true cantaloupe type of
muskmelons, Cucumis Melo, var. Can-
talupensis, and have little affinity with the
soft-rinded melons usually listed as can¬
taloupes by seedsmen. True cantaloupes,
as a tribe, are of exceedingly vigorous
growth, with large dark foliage, borne
on stems or petioles long enough to
shelter the young fruits from the burn¬
ing sunshine, in which the plant, as a
whole, delights. The vines are long and
stout and the root system deeply spread¬
ing, adapting the plant for hot dry and
semi-arid soils on which only the fruits
reach perfection. The pistillate or fe¬
male blooms, moreover, are generally
provided with fertile stamens — a rare
feature indeed in the melon family —
which tends to maintain the fixity of
type by greatly lessening the chances of
crossing with other races. The fruits
as a rule are large, there is little netting,
and the rind is much harder than in
the melons of the widely grown nutmeg
or Reticulatus section we are all famil¬
iar with. There is rarely separation of
the stem when ripe. Maturity can only
be judged by the development of slight
aroma or more particularly by softening
of the rind at blossom end, evident on
pressure, as there is no great change of
color as maturity progresses. There are
endless varieties known, cultivated ex¬
tensively from the earliest times in the
hotter and more arid sections of cen¬
tral Asia, northern Africa and southern
Europe. But few true cantaloupes have
found lodgment in America, notwith¬
standing the name is grossly misapplied
for commercial purposes. Persia may
be regarded as headquarters for canta¬
loupe melons, as they are immensely
popular in that portion of the Orient,
and are said by travelers to be there
grown in greatest perfection, yet of the
many Persian varieties imported only
the kinds now known in California as
Casaba appear to have really pleased
our people, and they are certainly good
enough to. stand by. Most cantaloupes
have peculiar and even unpleasant flavors
from the Occidental standpoint, but the
Pacific Casabas rarely fail to please
•y melon connoisseurs in this respect. As
THE RURAL* NBC w- YORKER
Casabas require at least 100 days of hot,
cloudless sunshine for their perfect de¬
velopment, it is not likely they can be
well grown under the duller skies and
in the humid air of our Gulf States, no
matter how high the temperature may
run. In the deep western soils with
good capillary movement of soil mois¬
ture they can be grown without irriga¬
tion, but, as a rule, the judicious appli¬
cation of water during the growing sea¬
son greatly increases the yield without
harming the quality. The plants are sub¬
ject to wilt disease and other melon
troubles if repeatedly grown on the same
soil, so it is usual to select new ground
yearly, choosing, where available, the
deepest sandy loams. Under favorable
conditions the yield is good, two or
three of the great luscious fruits matur¬
ing on each plant, but considerable space
is needed, the hills being usually placed
not less than eight feet apart. At local
prices good Casabas probably return
grower and consumer mutually as great
satisfaction as any western horticultural
product.
California Casabas have split into va¬
rieties having local excellencies as well
as different seasons of ripening. They
are usually called hybrids, but to the
writer they appear merely cultural va¬
riations. 1 hese Casabas, in common
with others of the true cantaloupe sec¬
tion, have so little in common with the
soft-rinded melons that only one rather
doubtful cross was secured last year out
of 100 careful pollinations between the
Bidwell and Los Angeles varieties and
many of our best commercial musk¬
melons of the familiar type. The pecu¬
liarity of producing bi-sexual or perfect
blooms and the manifest dislike to hy¬
bridization with other muskmelon races
goes far to maintain fixity of character.
These fine varieties should be tried in
many portions of the country where they
are now unknown, though there is no
great hope of getting good results except
under the narrow conditions mentioned.
Seeds may be had from all California
seed dealers.
The Casaba muskmelon of eastern
seed catalogues, said to have been one
of the parents of the esteemed Miller
Cream variety, bears good-sized, long,
netted fruits with green flesh of gener¬
ally good quality. It plainly belongs,
however, to the Reticulatus or soft-
rinded section, and is well adapted to
the ordinary cultural conditions of the
Eastern States. The name of Casaba is
taken from a rather mythical locality in
Asia Minor where melons are said to
thrive exceptionally well. It is unfor¬
tunate that this designation should be
applied to such different varieties.
w. v. F.
HAYES’ SPRAYING TOWER
Doe s your spraying for you.
Reaches highest branches with ease.
R boy ten years old can operate it.
No climbing. No wet clothes, no drip, no drag¬
ging of hose, no burned skin, no holding extension
pipo, no aching arms, You can spray a whole
orchard without getting off the wagon.
Send me your address on a postal. I want to
tell you more about it.
F. G. HAVES, Sharon , Pa.
279
a substitute;
For Bordeaux Mixture
10-gal. keg ranking 2 000 to 5.000 gals, spray, delivered
at any It K. station ii. the United States for 912.50.
1 rompt shipments. Every grower ot fruits and vege¬
tables should have our Report of wonderful results 1910.
B. G. PRATT CO.,M*ctiS,r:°‘
50 CHURCH ST.. NEW YORK CITY
>Spray with the Comet
for Surest Results
$3.50
Comet Sprayers are Easiest to Operate
Simplest in construction— foot Rest is at¬
tached or detached instantly— Have complete
and Brass Screen which prevent
clogging of pump. This double acting spray throws
a continuous stream 60 feet or spray tineas a mist,
lhetruit saved from a choice tree will more than
pay for it. You need It for your orchard, vines,
lawns and plants. Very durable— all brass. Weighs
only 6 pounds. Thousands of fruit growers and
farmers have proved it a success. Just try It for
nrmlwivw. linn IA t rp j
- — — • * I Iiiimumuuu UiiUU L II11S
superior sprayer now. Get after the tree and plant
pests early and make more money.
^ H. B. RUSLER MFG. CO.
Dept- 6 JOHNSTOWN, OHIO
DO YOU NEED PAINT?
LtT ME SEND YOU MY PAINT BOOK. It will tell you all you want
to know about paint and painting. The best paint is the cheapest paint.
make the best paint. INGERSOLL’S PAINT has been made for 69 years.
It is made with scientific accuracy from the BEST MATERIALS, thor¬
oughly combined by machinery — you cannot make GOOD PAINT 'with a
stick by hand-mixing. Other paints are sold by dealers or supply houses.
This method requires salary and expenses of traveling salesmen and profits
for jobbers and retailers. These extra expenses and numerous profits YOU
MUST PAY when you buy the paint. If the price is low the measure is
short or the quality poor — usually both.
I Can Save You One-Half Your
Paint Bills
One-half the price you pay the retailer represents the factory cost of
the paint. The other half is required for middlemen’s profits and expenses.
Our paint is shipped fresh from the factory direct to you. You pay simply
the factory price. You pay no salesman; no hotel bills; and no middlemen
of any kind. The dealer or supply house may offer you a paint at our price;
but THEY CANNOT GIVE YOU OUR QUALITY OF PAINT AT OUR
PRICE. They must add the cost of their expensive method of selling and
middlemen’s profits; IF they give you the In’gersoll QUALITY of paint the
cost will be DOUBLE OUR PRICE.
Don't Use Cheap Paint
offered by dealers and supply houses. They may save you a little on first
cost, but no more labor is required to paint your buildings with INGER-
SOLL PAINT than with inferior store paint. Poor paint always makes a
building look shabby in six months or a year, and is sure to make you
regret the little saving in the first cost of the material. INGERSOLL
PAINTS will give you long years of satisfactory service and LOOK WELL
ALL THE TIME.
Ingersoll Mixed Paints
have held the official endorsement of the
Grange for 37 years
We can refer you to pleased customers in your own neighborhood.
We make it easy for you to buy paint direct from the mill. The book
will tell you the quantity needed. The order will reach us over night, and
the paint will be on the way to you in twenty-four hours. Let me send
you my FREE DELIVERY PLAN. Send your address for a beautiful set
of Sample Color Cards and our Paint Book. We mail them FREE.
IF YOU WANT PAINT, WRITE ME. DO IT NOW. I CAN SAVE YOU
MONEY.
O. W. Ingersoll, Prop.
NO. 248 PLYMOUTH STREET,
BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.
The Holden Lightning Tree Trimmer
Strong, keen blade, driven by sliding hammer. Length of staff easily adjusted to reach
any part of tree. Cuts from under side of limb. No stubs, no bruising or stripping
down of bark, no ladders required. Light, rapid, always ready; can’t wear out Only
tree trimmer ever invented that cuts as nature demands. Send today for descriptive
circular and price. AGENTS WANTED. y
SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.
J. W. HOLDEN & CO.
136 E. Pleasant St.
The Man with the Hoe
Wants a Good Fertilizer
For the land’s sake
give him BOWKER’S
9
Don t do a good job with the hoe, and a poor one
with the fertilizer. As long- as you must hoe, why
not have the best possible crops to show for it?
Thoroug-h cultivation coupled with the right fertilizer,
and enough of it, will increase the production and
profits of any farm.
"W e have a brand to fit every crop and every
pocket-book, and every bag- of fertilizer we ship is
backed by forty years of experience, prompt service,
the best materials, the best facilities.
We want agents wherever we are not now represented
Write today for prices and terms ; this may mean a good
business for you if you act at once.
Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue and calendar.
We’want you to know Bowker’s before you buy vour snrine-
fertilizer. vs,
R O KFP FERTILIZER COMPANY,
A3 U ▼ T XV XL XV 77 Lyman St., Buffalo, N. Y.
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers.
280
March 4
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
PabUikad <mU; by the Rnrsl Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, Hew York,
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wii. P. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Roylk, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, eqnal to
8a. 6a., or 8*9 marks, or 10 '2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timi
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
ns; and cash must accompany transient orders.
“A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in our columns, and any such swmdlerwill be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect suberibers against rogues, but wedo not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
The annual Horticultural Number of The R. N.-Y.
was started with 24 pages. This year’s issue contains
52 pages and we now regret that we did not add
more. Whatever gets into print must speak for itself.
Our people are abundantly able to decide for them¬
selves about the value of printed matter. We hope
this one is the best number we have yet issued — but
"you are to be the judge.”
*
No one can overestimate the importance of having
an established standard for commercial lime-sulphur.
This material as a Summer spray marks the greatest
advance horticulture has made in 20 years. The great
demand for it opens an inviting field for fakers and
snides to offer a dishonest product. By using salt
they can cheat the hydrometer by showing a specific
gravity not due to sulphur. By using an injurious
caustic they may pad out their “guarantee” to the in¬
jury of trees where the stuff is used. These' things
are even worse than selling bogus fertilizers. The
State or the Federal Government should establish a
standard, sample the various mixtures and hold the
manufacturers right up to time. The great majority
of them offer honest goods. So much the more de¬
sirable to duck the fakes in their own mixture.
*
In Michigan, at least, the courts have pretty well
settled the matter of damages in substituted tree cases.
There is a clear distinction between damages arising
from using substituted or untrue seeds and those from
trees untrue to label. In an annual crop the measure
of damages is the difference in value between the
value of the crop from inferior seed and that of seed
true to guarantee. With fruit trees the added value of
the land if planted to trees true to name is the meas¬
ure of damage. Testimony may be offered to prove
such damage. In one Michigan case the nurseryman
claimed that since many of the trees had been frozen
and killed after suit was brought, the fruit grower
had suffered no loss through the nurseryman’s failure
to keep his contract. The judge dismissed this plea.
Had they been destroyed before the suit started the
case would have been different. The law is clear re¬
garding the damage caused by misfit trees. The
R. N.-Y.’s position' on this question has been often
stated. If only a few of the trees proved untrue we
should be lenient. If, however, the great majority of
a large order proved untrue and unsatisfactory we
should make the nurseryman pay the damage if it
were possible to stay by him until he made good.
*
It is interesting to watch the evolution of a “careful
consideration” Congressman when his people get after
The theory of evolution was that constant use
of a faculty or organ tends to develop it until im¬
provement of the function becomes a part of the sys¬
tem. The average Congressman says he will give
“careful consideration,” because those words are as
much a part of him as his hand or his nose. One
of our readers wrote to ask Congressman Rodenburg
of Illinois where he stood on parcels post. Back
came “careful consideration.” The farmer wrote him
again, sharper than before, and this time he was told
that “your views will be given consideration. Here
is a little gain in evolution, but not much. Stick the
pen into him once more and see what follows. Our
friend “Mapes the Hen Man” wrote his Congressman
and got “careful consideration.” Then Mapes sharp¬
ened his pen and tried again. This time it was sym¬
pathetic interest,” which is a slight gain. Now the
truth is that we shall get from our Congressmen just
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
what we put into them, and not much more. There
is no evolution in this theory of sending these men
to Washington to use their “best judgment alone and
unaide'd. Your judgment as to what you need is as
good as theirs, and good, strong words which carry
the weight of sincerity will do more to “evolute” the
careful consideration man than anything else in the
world.
*
CANADIAN “RECIPROCITY.”
No. 3.
In 1910 this country imported from Canada $97,-
892,684 worth of goods. Of these $52,103,938 paid
duty while $45,788,746 worth came in free. The larg¬
est items under free trade were copper, wood pulp,
furs and hides, nickel ore, silk, lobsters, chemicals and
asbestos. Farm products all paid a duty and with the
possible exception of the tariff on European potatoes
this was the only direct benefit the high tariff system
has ever given our farmers. In exchange for this
poor and puny benefit they have given the manufac¬
turers and railroads license to build up vast monopo¬
lies and control legislation. We say this advisedly
and shall continue to repeat it until farmers realize
just what it means. It is well understood of all
men that our present high tariff system would never
have been developed had not the farmers of New
England, New York and other Northern States con¬
tinued to support it. The New England people con¬
tinued to vote for it under the implied promise that
they were to have first right to the markets which
“protection” developed.
The proposed “reciprocity” destroys every possible
advantage which the tariff could give our farmers
without any compensating returns. Such things as
hay, potatoes, milk products, live animals, fruit and
grain are admitted free. Here is direct and ruinous
competition for our farmers, especially those near the
border, while the things which these farmers are
obliged to buy are still “protected” by a tariff. Take
the case of a dairy farmer in New England. Right
over' the line in Quebec is a strong, natural grass sec¬
tion. In the last tariff bill a clerical error made the
tariff on cream read five cents a gallon instead of
pound. This error, overlooked, caused imports of
Canadian cream to the value of $1,401,324 last year,
and where is the consumer who was helped by it ?
Canadian farmers in this district bought wheat bran
at $18 per ton last year. Over the line $22.50 was the
lowest price reached, with nearly as large differences
in other feeds. While wheat and other entire grains
are on the free list, bran and other feeds are taxed
$2.50 per ton. Thus the Canadian farmer will have
the advantage of cheaper feed and hay while his milk
comes freely in to compete with our dairymen. The
Canadian farmer also receives direct financial help
from his government. He can, for example, borrow
money on long term public loans and use it for drain¬
ing. The milk contractors will have it in their power
to offer farmers what they please. Should these
American farmers organize like men to resist, these
contractors have only to send over the line, buy milk
of the French Canadians and laugh at the milk pro¬
ducers. Meanwhile the consumers in town and city
will still pay the old prices for milk.
This is but one illustration of 50 which might be
given to show the injustice of this scheme. In the
West, Canadian sheep could be driven over the line
and then sheared. In such case this wool would
come into free competition with our own. Live ani¬
mals come in free while dressed and canned meats
are protected. Thus the beef packers will have access
to the Canadian cattle grown on cheap pasture. Yet
with their tariff on dressed meat they will keep up
their monopoly and their prices. In like manner wheat
will come in free to cut down the price of our grain,
as it already has done. Yet flour and other forms
of grain which the people cat are still protected. The
entire scheme robs the American farmer and gives
the manufacturer and the middleman the same old
opportunity to keep out competition and hold up
prices. The cowardly policy of the high tariff bene¬
ficiaries at this crisis is almost past belief. They
owe what they have to the farmers who are now being
betrayed, yet they stand feebly by and let these farm¬
ers fight alone. They cannot be so blind as not to
see what is coming to them from this. Let us look
next at the business and political results of this
“reciprocity.”
Upon what food do the potato diggers of northern
Michigan feed that they have grown so great?
I see by your issue of February 18 you consider it a
joke that one of us Michigan fellows dug 105 bushels of
potatoes in eight hours by hand. The. writer last Fall
dug, picked up and hauled one-half mile to house and
put in cellar alone 95 bushels in nine hours 30 minutes,
which is just considered a fair day’s work. The time of
digging the potatoes alone was 5% hours. The writer
dug in the same manner as Mr. Garthe, with a hook, two
rows at a time. The potatoes were Empire State, planted
with a hand-planter in hills 30 inches apart each way,
the field of four acres averaging 250 bushels per acre.
Charlevoix Co., Mich. fred falting.
This is getting to be anything but a joke. In New
Jersey we have often paid $1.50 a day to men who
dug 30 bushels of potatoes and then bragged about
their day’s work! From these figures Michigan beats
us on both men and potatoes. We surely hope the
breed will not run out.
*
In a speech at the National Corn Exposition Presi¬
dent Taft made this astonishing argument:
If the argument as to the disastrous effect of admitting
the crops of the Canadian Northwest to our markets upon
the values of our farm land is correct, then the opening
of lands in Kansas, Nebraska, and the two Dakotas in
the two decades from 1890 to 1910 should have had a
similar effect upon the land of the older States. Now,
what was the effect upon the farm lands of the older
States of the competition of these newer States? The
land in the older States became more devoted to corn
and cattle and hogs, while the wheat and other cereals
were left to the now lands. The effect was that the
values of the lands in the older farming States were in
most cases more than doubled.
We wish to show the greatest respect for the
President of the United States, yet where can you find
a more misleading statement of the case than is here
given? The last census shows that the farm districts
of such States as Iowa and Missouri actually lost in
population, through competition with our Pacific
States and Western Canada. The true comparison
is the condition of Eastern farming as affected by
the opening of the Western lands shortly after the
Civil War. Those of us who were forced away from
New England farms at that time know the terrible
injury that was done, and know what will follow if
the new Canadian land is to pour its products in an
unrestricted stream into our markets. If history re¬
peat itself, as it ever has done, there will be another
movement of young men away from the older land,
and another ruinous drop in price. Here is a typical
letter from a young New England farmer who saw
the old farm slowly recovering from the competition
with new land :
The worst effect will be upon the future of our agricul¬
ture, and as a young man I am at a loss to know what
to do. I have been reasoning that our new land was
about all taken up, and that very soon our farming
must be put on a permanent basis with prices for farm
products which would enable a man to farm in such a
way as to keep up the fertility of his soil. I have begun
a system of drainage which will cost quite a sum of
money to complete. Is the opening up of this large
territory of rich soil and giving its products free access
to our markets going to have the same effect on our
agriculture that the opening of our West had? If so,
the best thing I can do is to put my money somewhere
else. I knew a man who bought a fine farm soon after
the war for $13,000. He worked hard all his life trying
to pay for that farm, aud died $5000 in debt, while there
were times when his farm would not have sold for the
$5000. Old land cannot compete with new laud in the
production of crops, and are we farmers of the East
going ahead, or are we going to mark time while the
lands of western Canada are being robbed?
It is reported that President Taft told the fisher¬
men of Gloucester, Mass., that they simply saw
“ghosts” in the danger from reciprocity.
“There need no ghost come from the grave
To tell us that, Horatio !”
Every Eastern farmer will know how true that line
is when he reviews the history of his farm.
BREVITIES.
British India has two agricultural colleges.
Lend a hand! To the big-headed chap who goes “back
to the land.”
North Dakota has the seed testing business down to
practical work.
No, we would not plant trees largely where the 17-year
locusts are expected.
That is an interesting statement on page 273 about a
contract for spraying.
The Hope Farm man does not expect a large vote from
the Florida laud boomers.
A good way to raise pneumonia is to plant au over¬
heated frame iu a cold bed.
Prof. Minkler’s article, page 296, will answer about
50 questions on pasturing hogs.
Mr. IIotaling’s article comes as the next thing to
having the spray rod and nozzle in your hand.
Irrigate a few well prepared acres and get more out
of it than from an entire sunbaked and rough farm.
You might not believe it, but quite a majority of our
legal questions refer to the rights of a husband in his
wife’s property !
In spite of all we have said, people still send letters
signed only “Reader,” “One Who Knows,” etc. They go
into the waste basket.
The largest melon story comes from Consul Madison
of Ilarput. He claims that watermelons grown in Diar-
bekir are as large as flour barrels! Next!
Cattle from the Himalaya Mountains are suggested for
Alaska. Crossed with the Galloway breed it is probable
they would produce a fine and beautiful fur animal.
Probably few of us will ever try to climb the Alps. We
may console ourselves with the report that 90 of such
climbers lost their lives last year, while 80 more were
seriously hurt.
1911.
'THE RURAL- RE W- YORKER
281
DIBBLE’S SEED PDTATOES
/
.*0’
&
0
A RE northern grown from selected stock seed, stored in
1 our own specially constructed storage houses at a uniform
temperature and shipped direct to you from our 1,600-acre
seed farms at the lowest possible prices consistent with the
highest possible quality.
Over 60,000 Bushels in Store
A
C,
all the old standard kinds, such as
Irish Cobblers
Early Chios
Six Weeks
Bovees
Northers
Queens
Rose
Hebrons
)
Green Mountains
Sir Walter Raleigh
State of Maine
Carmans
Delaware
Rural New Yorker
American Giants
Gold Coin
Dibble on the Potato
Giving twenty years’ experience
ingrowing potatoes. The most
practical little book on potato
culture now before the Ameri¬
can public. FREE
MJ
and many others, and a number of new varieties that have proven worthv of
introduction, as follows: The Up-to-Date, a new late potato of wonderful
1 • ii r . . . merit, grown from seed imported direct trom Ireland: Quick Lunch , a most
desirable first early for the family garden; and four more that were “best by test” three years in succession on
the Eden Trial Grounds in Massachusetts, where over one thousand varieties were under trial
Our smallest sale last year was one bushel; our largest 7,000 bushels, or fourteen car-loads-and each of
these customers has bought his seed potatoes of us again for this spring’s planting. Whether vou use a bushel
or a car-load, you should have our catalog, as our prices are lower than you can procure the same hffih-erade
Seed Potatoes for elsewhere, as we are located in the country, own our own Seed Farms, warehouses with nrivate
switches from the Lehigh Valley and New York Central Railroads, have no high-priced city rents to Dav
and therefore we are in position to sell better goods for less money than is any other firm in this country.
DIBBLE’S SEED POTATOES are good Seed Potatoes. They are recommended by Agricultural Colleges
Experiment Stations, Officials of the Department of Agriculture of the United States and of Canada Editors of
^n-kM Papers; and thousands of satisfied farmers, over one hundred of whom have written us that
Dibble s Seed Potatoes have doubled their crops.” What they have done for others they will do for you
HEADQUARTERS
We Sell the Product of Over 4,000 Acres Annually. Over 1,600 Acres in Our Own Seed Farms
1 1 Dibble’s Alfalfa, Clover
Dibble on Alfalfa
or how to grow alfalfa in the east. The
result of seven years experience. Not
long? No, but long enough so that we
grew on one of the Dibble farms last
year, alfalfa to the value of over $100.00
per acre. It tells vou all you want to
know about A lfalfa, FREE
and Grass Seeds
D. B. brand, are Government tested and are
the best seed on the American market. We
use absolutely the highest grade that money
will buy, have our seed tested at the New
York Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y„
and know our seeds will please you. You
cannot afford to sow weed seeds or seeds of
poor germination. Send us your Alfalfa,
Clover and Grass Seed orders and you will
get the highest class seeds possible to
procure. Upon receipt of the goods, look them
over, test them any way you choose, send
samples to your Experiment Station, if you
wish and if you are not satisfied that Dibble’s
Alfalfa, Clover and Grass seeds are the best
you ever saw, send them back to us by'lirst
freight and we will refund your money and
pay the freight charges both ways. Samples
free.
Dibble’s New Seed Oats
Twentieth Century is the earliest, strongest growing,
most productive branching variety ever tested by us and
is especially adapted to our Eastern States. Our average
yield on our own farms, growing around 200 acres annu¬
ally for the past six years, has been over twice the average
of the United States for the same period. Scores of
farmers have written, us that— “Dibble’s Seed Oats have
outyielded other kinds grown alongside two to one.” Our
oats are thoroughly recleaned.
2J4 bushels bag, $2.00; 10 bushels, $7,50; 100 bushels, $05.00
•Sacks free. Send for samples.
Canada Cluster is a mighty good new side oat with
short straw, very early, extra heavy .grain weighing
under favorable conditions 40-44 pounds per bushel and
is far superior according to our experience, to the so-
called regenerated Swedish Select, Sensation, Number
h our and other similar kinds. Samples free
214 bu. bag, $2.25; 10 bushels, $8.00; 100 bushels, $75.00.
Sacks free.
jfcV
DIBBLE’S
SEED
CORN
Dibble’s Mammoth Yellow Flint
is the earliest, largest growing, most pro¬
ductive Flint corn grown, ripening with us
here in western New York in 100 days.
Stalks average 8 to 10 feet in height, ears
10-15 inches long. This is the corn that
gave H. A, Medlong of Oswego Co., N. Y.
400 bushels from two acres, equal to over
115 bushels of shelled corn per acre and
produced for O. D. Blanchard of New
Hampshire, 243 bushels from a peck of seed.
Bushel, $2.00; 2-bushel bag,$3.00; 10 bushels,
$1.40 per bushel. Bags free. Send for
samples. Test it yourself.
IKE our other farm seeds, is the best obtainable, regardless of cost. And our price is so low that
it does not cost over 50c. an acre to plant your field with Dibble’s Seed Corn. We have five silos
on our own farms, grow over 1,000 tons of corn for ensilage annually, besides what we husk, and what
we know aboil t corn is worth something to you. Send us your seed corn orders, examine the corn upon
arrival, and il you think it is not as good as we say it is return it at once and get your money back
TDKKI/Do rofbr VaIIa... « . - « ~ . _ - _
Dibble’s Early Yellow Dent
Without question the best dent for the silo,
where seasons are short and frost comes
early. On our farms, it has proven earlier
than the well known Pride of the North,
produces at least a third more foliage and
is a wonderful yielderas it grows as a rule,
when properly planted, two ears per stalk.
Several customers have written us that
this variety has matured with them in
80 days, but it takes slightly longer than
that with us here in western New York.
We offer only high grade pedigree seed
from hand-picked seleoted ears showing
a germination test of 95-98£.
Bushel, $2.00; 2-oushel bag, $3.00; 10 bushels
or over, $1.40 per bushel. Bags free. Liberal
samples for the asking.
Dibble’s Farm Seed Catalogue &£ie BoaoknofFatrim
year. Handsomely illustrated with photo engravings
sbowmg our farm seeds as they are, printed in large, clear
type on high-class book paper. The descriptions are accu¬
rate, truthful, concise and right to the point— in fact, an
nonest catalogue for busy, practical business farmers, and
every farmer should have one. FREE.
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower
Dibble’s Improved Early Learning'
has been grown by us in western New York
for the past six years. It is two weeks
earlier than the old Learning and matures
ready for the harvest in from 100 to 110
days. Dibble’s Improved Beaming grows
from 10 to 15 feet in height, splendidly
eared. Time and again wo have raised 30
tons of ensilage per acre, putting into our
silos, corn that would have husked 125
bushels of wel 1 ripened ears. Our Learning
is thoroughbred stock, hand selected, full
of vitality, testing 95£ and better.
Bushel, $2.00; 2-bushel bag, $3.00; 10 bushels
or over, $1.25 per bushel. Bags free. Sample
if you like, test it anyway you wish and
we will have your order.
Dibble’s Mammoth White Dent Ensilage Corn
is offered to those dairy farmers desiring
to grow the largest possible amount of
fodder per acre. It is of northern origin
and our seed is northern grown, maturing
easily in latitude 41 degrees and we re¬
commend it to farmers living in the Nor¬
thern and Middle States in want of a large
rank growing ensilage corn, as far superior
to the big corns of southern origin, such as
OubanGiant, VirginiaSheepTooth, Eureka,
etc. which are not adapted to our north¬
ern climate.
Dibble’s Mammoth White Dent is well
worthy of a trial. Samples if you want
them. Germination above 95$
1 bushel, $2.00; 2-bushel bag, $3.50; 10
bushels, $15.00. Bags free.
Three Books Free Af want you t° know ™ore *J»ut Dibble’s Farm Seeds than we can tell vou on this page-
who we are, where we live, all about how we grow our Farm Seeds, what we have found out
1 tllP t,WOnt,V VMTSWP lin vofipan In not-o ,.,1,D.L 41 _ ' v . i _ luuiiu uut
The Leading Farm Seed
Grower of America
Box B, Honeoye Falls, New York
2S2
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
BENEDICITE.
O all ye Green Things on the Earth,
Bless ye the Lord, in sun and shade;
To whisper praises ye were made,
Or wave to Him in solemn mirth.
For this the towering pine had birth.
For this sprang forth each grassy blade ;
Bless ye the Lord in sun and shade.
Ye wayside weeds of little worth,
Ye ferns that fringe the woodland glade,
Ye dainty flowers that quickly fade,
Ye steadfast yews of mighty girth ;
O all ye Green Things of toe Earth,
Bless ve the Lord in sun and shade!
— Richard Wilton.
*
Among accessories for the Summer
costumes are scarfs of embroidered lawn
or batiste, extremely fine, sometimes with
insets of lace. They are as large as the
chiffon or satin scarfs worn in the Win¬
ter and recall the muslin pelerines worn
over the flowing flounces of 70 years
as°- *
According to the St. Paul (Minn.)
Dispatch, 400 men and women partici¬
pated in an Alfalfa luncheon at Mitchell,
Mont., recently. Biscuits and cookies
made from Alfalfa flour and shipped
there from Billings, Mont., were seived
the guests, and tea was served made
from Alfalfa leaves. We have a good
deal of respect for Alfalfa, but somehow
tea made from it does not sound like
“the cup that cheers.” If we must have
a purely American substitute for the
Chinese herb, why not go back to a sub¬
stitute tested by our ancestors and use
sassafras?
*
We never have room to say all we
want to about gardening, and no one
with a real passion for the noblest of
recreations is ever able to possess all
the things longed for. But we would
like to remind our friends once more
that every farm home is entitled to a
few good shrubs in its dooryard no
matter how much or how little may be
done with other ornamental plants.
Whenever we see a country yard with
just a few giraffe-like, old-fashioned
lilac bushes, and nothing more, we wish
that the woman who lives there could
have right in sight of her dishwashing
Forsythia for early Spring, Pearl bush
to follow it, gorgeous purple or snowy
white lilac of the newer improved varie¬
ties, one of the modern varieties of Rose
of Sharon, and Japanese barberry to
gladden dull Autumn days with its red
berries. There is no end to the wonder¬
ful effects to be secured with shrubs at
small initial expense, just buying one or
two at a time, and with very little trou¬
ble afterwards. If the hens get out they
won’t destroy them as they will so many
' of our garden pets. Many people in sub¬
urban towns seem to think that a privet
hedge and a few stiff evergreens are all
they need in the way of shrubs, when
every swamp, woodland and hedgerow
contradicts them with the mass of
beauty spread before us, from the June-
berry of early Spring to the last witch
hazel bloom of Autumn.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
March 4,
Shirtwaists or blouses take so many
forms .that every woman should find
something to suit her. Here are a few
noted recently: Very plain tailored
styles of fine white pique (which costs
35 to 45 cents a yard), some made the
mannish model with long shoulder seam,
sleeve set in without fullness and no
plaits ; others with Gibson plaits, fasten¬
ing over on the left side, the edge fin¬
ished with heavy buttonholing, instead
of a hem. Others were of colored wash
flannel or madras in the mannish
model without plaits, a soft high turn¬
down collar attached, which is fastened
at the top by a gold safety pin, and
worn with a narrow four-in-hand tie ;
turn-back cuffs. Then there are' wash
silk waists, India, China and pongee
weaves being plainly tailored, white or
striped, especially handsome being an
extremely heavy white China silk. Tail¬
ored waists of striped lawn or batiste
are very attractive, having a double frill
set down the left of the hem, the upper
frill being of the striped material, with
an under plaiting of solid color. Some
of the semi-tailored fine blouses have
small sailor collars turning back from
the open neck. Then there is a great
variety in the one-piece kimono waists,
their appearance being greatly varied by
the models now fastening down the
front. A beautiful white linen dress
seen had a one-piece waist buttoned
down the front, the neck slightly open
and finished with a sailor collar of pale
blue, pale blue turn-back cuffs finishing
the elbow sleeves, the skirt buttoned
down the front, and bordered with a
deep band of pale blue. It was a thor¬
oughly practical model, and would be
very pretty in striped or check material,
trimmed with a plain harmonizing color.
*
A German advocate of women’s rights
suggests that compulsory military service
on the part of the men should be offset
by compulsory domestic service for wo¬
men. If drill and barrack life is benefi¬
cial to the men, she asks why life in the
kitchen should not similarly elevate the
women. The “New York World” re¬
marks that if Germany ever organizes
a standing army of cooks it may force
all Europe to follow its lead.
Culinary conscription is a severe meas¬
ure, but when enforced in Germany other
nations might be expected, to adopt it.
There would be more reason in doing so
than in following Germany’s lead in mili¬
tarism. There is more real need of cooks
the world over than of soldiers. It is pos¬
sible to get along without fighting but not
without eating. The only question is
whether the imperial army of cooks could
be reduced to the same machine-like dis¬
cipline and precision of habits as the Kais¬
er’s army. Would they submit to orders
with the same blind obedience? Would
they tolerate being uniformed all alike, and
in matters of personal adornment submit to
authority with the same meekness as the
recruit reports for duty when the time ar¬
rives for military service? Before the mat¬
ter goes too far the Kaiser would do well
to consult the ladies themselves, for if
ever they undertook to mutiny on being
called out for the annual manoeuvres they
would have fearful opportunities for wreak¬
ing their vengeance upon the men who re¬
quired them to work against their wishes.
Compulsory domestic service might end by
abolishing compulsory military service in
order that the women should gain their
freedom.
Clam Fritters.
Will some one please tell me how to make
clam fritters? mrs. j. w. b.
One heaping pint of flour, one tea¬
spoonful of salt, one of cream of tartar,
half teaspoonful of soda, one tablespoon¬
ful of olive oil or soft butter, one egg,
half a pint of milk. Mix the flour, spit,
cream of tartar and soda together and
rub through a sieve (if you prefer, use
heaping spoonful of baking powder in¬
stead of soda and cream of tartar).
Beat the egg very light and add the
milk. Stir half of this on the flour and
when the batter is light and smooth add
the remainder and finally the oil or
butter. Drain and chop a pint of clams,
season with salt and pepper, stir into
the batter and fry the fritters in boiling
fat. The batter as made above is nice
for all sorts of fritters. If two eggs are
used instead of one the baking powder
or soda and cream of tartar is omitted,
and this is a nice batter for sweetened
fruit fritters.
A Personal
Word
The rich and
prosperous class
can always com-1
mand the lux¬
uries of life, but
the average
home lover needs
the Spear System
of Credit to the
Nation. I want
1,000,000 families
to say of me:—
“He helped us
to furnish and
beautify our
homes.” I ask
for no higher tri¬
bute to my life’s
work. Write for
my Free Catalog.
Spear
ro matter where yon live, yon can buy everything needed
for the home from ns on credit and on easy payments
to suit your convenience. All you need to do is to man
ns your name and address and we will at once send you,
free, our Mammoth Home Furnishing Catalog, con¬
taining illustrations from photographs and full des¬
criptions of thousands of articles in Furniture, Rugs,
Carpets and Home Furnishings sold by us on long time,
open account, easy credit terms.
Credit Buying Made Easy
With the aid of the Big Spear Bargain Catalogue you
can select anything you want from hundreds of articles in
Furniture, Refrigerators, Washing Machine*,
Carpets, Clocks, Baby Carriages,
Rugs, Sowing Machines, Go-Carts,
Stoves, Phonographs, Silverware,
Ranges, Dishes, &c., Ac., Ac.
We offer you a vastly larger and hotter stock than'even
the biggest city stores, and you can make your selections
right at home with your family at your elbow.
Pay When Convenient
Your credit Is good with ue. Why not use It?
Tinder our liberal, open account, easy payment plan
you can have every possible advantage in buying for
your home possessed by the moBt favored and woll-
to-do-shoppor in the city stores. Our credit 8ys-
tern is extended to honestpeoplo, everywhere, re¬
gardless of tlioir income. You noed not deny your-
self any article of household com fort or lu xuryou
account of a lack of ready ca.s.^:, Select what you
want from our Catalog, pay a little cash down and
a little each month.
This Beautiful
Brussels Rua
is only one of
many great
_ bargains
shown in
, the Spear
Catalog.
Send
for it
now l
Brussels Rug, 9x12 —
$1.50 down— 75o
por month
i $2.23 Down and
.00 Per Month
itie eacn monwi.
Our Prices Are The Lowest
our credit terms are the most liberal in the
country, yet our prices aro the lowest.
This is because of our immense purchas¬
ing power and enormous volume of sales.
We buy goods in such vast quantities
that we secure hotter prices than would
be possible to smaller concerns, and
by extending our business to tens of
thousands of customers all over tho
country, we can afford to accept jus.
one small added profit from each sale.
We allow no store or factory on earth
to undersell us. Get our prices and
bo your own judge of whether or not we
save you from 20 to 50 per cent oa your
home furnishings.
Take A Month To Decide
Anything you select from
our Bargain Catalogwill
be shipped on approval.
Keep the goods 30 days,
then decide to buy or re¬
turn at our expense. If you
are not fully satisfied, the
goods may be shipped back
to us at our expense and we
will refund your money.
Big Rocker Bargain
A largo, comfortable, solid oak
Rockerwith high, wideback. fully
tufted and buttoned with heavy
.-v, a . i O ..A. I n 1 n n r
Collapsible
Go-Ca rts,
— 75c down
50c a month
Price $4.95
Terms 75c Cash
With Order
black 'Sylvan leather over full steel
epring construction, and has a beautifully ruT-
flod edge to match back. Construction is so""
golden oak throughout, with high gloss golden
finish. Arms are wide, front posts of handsome
design. Satisfaction guaranteed or money back.
Walnut Creams. — Confectioners’ sugar
is beaten into the beaten white of an
egg until the whole forms a stiff creamy
mass that can be moulded into balls and
shapes. Just before you stop stirring put
in a few drops of vanilla and give it all
a vigorous last stir. Then mold be¬
tween your fingers into small round
balls and stick the unbroken half of the
kernel of an English walnut on each
side.
Electric Lights make the brightest, safest,
cleanest and most reliable lighting system
known for farms and country homes. The
Dayton Electric Lighting Outfits are low in
cost, easy to install, cost almost nothing to
operate. Give you better lights than most city
people enjoy. Write today for complete illua-
trated catalog showing outfits, fixtures, etc.
DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO.
231 St. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
Larger and more elaborate systems at .
portionate prices. Tho most up-to-date,
economical tand complete lighting system on
the market. Beautiful fixtures for tho home.
Attractive high candle power inverted arcs
for stores, halls, etc Best proposition for
hustling agents. Write today for terms and
territory. Catalogue Free. SUPERIOR
MEG. CO. , 3(g> Second St., Ann Arbor, Mich.
r ?
American Lighting Systems have solved
I this knotty problem more satisfactorily than all
I other Lighting plans put together. American
I Lights give 400 candle-power per burner at a cost
1 of iess than half a cent an hour. They ore also
1 less expensive to install and more satisfactory in
1 every way than any other system made. Agents
I wanted everywhere.
| AMERICAN GAS MACHINE CO.,
14" Clark St.. - - Albert Lea. Minn,
Binghamton, N. Y. Fargo, N. D.
Aladdin MANTLE Lamp
BURNS KEROSENE (Coal Oil)
Produces powerful, white, more brilliant
light than city gas, gasolene or electricity-
simple, noiseless, odorless, clean, safe, dur¬
able — comp lete success — recognized
world’s standard. Fully Guaranteed.
T. H. BALL, California, SOLD 850
On money back guarantee — not one returned,
BKSsaHjc.E. Kramer made $700 in 60 days. Complete line
of lamps and chandeliers for homes, offices and public places.
Ask nearest office for agency proposition or how to get lamp tre®
MANTLE LAMP CO. OF AMERICA, Dept 667
Chicago, Portland, Ore., Waterbury, Conn., Winnipeg, Montreal, tanafla.
A FLOOD OF LIGHT FR<CCOAL.ROIL)
- ‘tv-us.
_ £6n talls
ItUBBEA 3H0C CO.
I MAC 0M MlttCOu*
If you had a pair of rubber boots made to order, you couldn’t
[have them made any better than
The Century Boot
(Beacon Falls Brand)
No matter how carefully they were made, you wouldn’t secure a better wear-
I CENTURY Boots are made of fine rubber— the best rubber produced In
the world. The vamp is made extra strong by forcing rubber under powerful
hydraulic pressure into the best quality of canvas duck. To prevent cracking
at the ankle (like ordinary boots) an extra pure gum, no-crack ankle
reinforcement is used. , .
1 Century Soles are made of the toughest compound known. This sole is
[ so compounded and vulcanized that it will rebound when it strikes a hard
I substance rather than chip off, as the soles of an ordinary boot would do.
Century Boots Are Cheapest
because best— best in material, best in workmanship, and best
for wear. Look for the name Century and the Cross on the
boot. When you want a high-grade satislactory rubber
boot or shoe, ask for t lie Beacon Falls line. Look tor the
Cross. It insures you quality and service.
_ . it you can't secure CENTURY Boots from your dealer,
write us, send ms name and we will see that
u ,lre supplied. A handsomely illustrated
_ booklet describing Beacon Falls rubber foot-
wear tree, it you send your name.
The Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co.
Mau/ Vnrk
Beacon Falls
fry
Trade Mark
I !«■ At* a r,n,A.
H,
1911.
Fifty Cents for Flower Seeds.
Just at this season there is an army
of women and girls planning for a flower
garden next Summer ; some with ample
space and unlimited material, others with
a skimpy bit of ground and a few pinched
packets of seed. If seed’s always grew,
and flowers always bloomed, we should
soon turn the whole country into one
vast sea of blossoms, but unfortunately
this is a world of disappointments, and
no one knows this better than the am¬
ateur gardener.
If we had just 50 cents to invest in
flower seeds, we should cut out expen¬
sive novelties, no matter how dearly we
longed to try them, and confine ourselves
to the purchase of five-cent packages,
feeling quite sure that if we sent to a
reliable house we should get something
well worth while, even though we had
no sensational varieties. Our list would
include pansies, mignonette, two packets
of nasturtiums, dwarf and climbing, Pe¬
tunias, Zinnias, Shirley poppies, Cosmos,
sweet peas and cornflowers. As we
go over it this seems a very restricted
list; there are hosts of other things we
should like, and it is also open to the
objection that it is likely to leave some
gaps in flowering periods. There is
nothing to give early flowers except the
pansies, and these should have been sown
the year before. However, if the garden
is so new that there is nothing in it in
the way of Spring bulbs or early shrubs,
we must try to remedy this by another
season.
It hardly seems necessary to go into
details about sowing the seed, because as
a rule the seed packets have concise
printed instructions as to time of sowing,
etc. It would be well, however, to
divide the packet of pansy seed in half,
sowing one installment in a shallow
box or pan in February, to start in
the house, the remainder being sown
outdoors in a well-prepared bed in early
Spring. More seed should be procured
later and sown out of doors in early
September, these plants being wintered
over outside to give early Spring flowers.
We should make two sowings of the
mignonette, too, one in early Spring and
the other about the first of August, to
give us Fall flowers.
If there are early frosts in Fall we
often find our Cosmos cut down before
we have had many flowers, even in
the latitude of New York, if the plants
have not been started indoors. If, for
this reason, we do not wish to try
Cosmos in our 50-cent collection, we
would substitute the miniature or cu¬
cumber-leaved sunflower, Helianthus cu-
cumerifolius. This produces a profu¬
sion of daisy-like yellow flowers, excel¬
lent for cutting, all through Summer
and Fall, and with us it always self¬
sows, so that plants appear year after
year. It is extremely satisfactory.
Shirley poppies and Petunias self-sow
so freely that we always have plenty of
them year after year, filling up odd cor¬
ners apart from those freshly sown. Both
are sown early and sometimes we sow
the Petunias in the Fall, after planting
tulips ; then they make an early growth,
and fill up the bed by the time the tulips
are over. Petunias are transplanted as
easily gs weeds, so we thin them out
and plarR the extra ones anywhere we
wish. I lie poppies do not transplant
well, because of their long tap root,
though we have successfully moved some'
little self-sown plants early in Spring.
Zinnias are so sturdy that we must
have them, but unless a pink or white
strain is chosen they must be sown
where their vivid colors will not con¬
flict with other flowers. As for sweet
peas, they may do well or they may do
ill, according to season and treatment.
They must be sown early, allowed to
root deeply and must not suffer from
drought. They should be planted where
they can be removed to make way for
something else when flowering is over.
We would make two sowings of corn¬
flowers. As for the nasturtiums, they
will “jes’ grow” like Topsy if given the
least bit of a chance.
If we were limited to 50 cents for
our flower seeds we would cut out one
packet from the above and buy some
biennial or perennial to give us a start
n.e35* y.ear’ f°r example, the mullein
• (Agrostemma coronaria) or Sweet
William, or perennial Phlox, or larkspur.
Sweet Williams ought to be in every
garden, and both they and the mullein
pink self-sow very freely. If a little
thought and a little (even a very little)
money is expended in this wav each
season, there is no limit to the perma¬
nent beauty that may be secured in a
modest home garden.
THE RU RAL NEW-YORKER
Savory Dishes Without Meat.
Hulled Corn Baked With Cream
Sauce. — Drain and throw away the water
from a can of hulled corn and rinse
with cold water ; place in a stewpan
with boiling water to cover ; season with
a teaspoonful of salt and a salt-
spoonful of pepper; cook slowly twenty
or thirty minutes and drain. Have pre¬
pared three cupfuls of nicely made and
seasoned cream sauce. Butter a baking
dish, put in a layer of fine bread crumbs,
then all the hulled corn and dot with a
tablespoon ful of butter broken into bits,
Add two or three dashes of paprika, an¬
other layer of crumbs, all of the cream
sauce and carefully cover with a thick
layer of crumbs. Dot with a dessert¬
spoonful of butter, dust with a saltspoon-
ful of pepper and salt and bake in a mod¬
erate oven about twenty minutes. The in¬
gredients may be satisfactorily arranged
in individual baking dishes. Potatoes
are especially nice prepared in like man¬
ner.
Corn Souffle. — Drain the water from a
can of corn and stir in three tablespoon¬
fuls of melted butter. Beat four eggs
until very light and turn with a pint of
rich milk into the corn. Season well,
beat for several minutes and pour into
a buttered pudding dish. Cover and bake
thirty minutes.. Remove the cover, brown
the souffle and serve directly.
Cereal Cutlets. — Put a scant half pint
of milk in double boiler with a table¬
spoonful of butter and when it is scalded,
add enough of some of the patent cereal
preparations to make a thick paste,
dredging in a little flour. Turn into a
saucepan and stir and cook until it
no longer adheres to the pan. Remove
from the fire. When cool add two eggs,
beaten smooth, salt to taste, a little onion
juice and a third of a cup of finely
ground nut meats. Mix well, shape into
small cutlets, egg and crumb and fry
a nice brown in deep, hot fat.
N ut Scrapple. — One cup of nut meats
(any kind your prefer), one quart of
white beans boiled soft and colandered,
one cup of fine bread crumbs, one tea¬
spoonful salt, and a heaping teaspoon of
powdered mixed herbs. Melt two table¬
spoons butter in a cup of rich milk
and add when cooled to the mixture.
Work with the hands and shape in a
loaf. Place in a deep oiled granite pan.
Bake for an hour in moderate oven,
basting as it needs with butter and hot
water. It may be served hot with the
sauce which will remain in the pan or it
may be cooled and served in slices with
mayonnaise. The last way is better for
luncheon. It is a fine dish.
Savory Rice. — Boil one cupful of rice
in three pints of boiling salted water un¬
til the grains are large and soft and
slightly forked at one end. Drain, rinse
with cold water and drain again thor-
oroughly. Melt a tablespoonful of but¬
ter in a frying pan, brown a sliced onion
in this. Remove onion, put in the rice
and stir with a fork until slightly
browned. Have hot in another sauce¬
pan one cupful of tomato pulp, rubbed
smooth and seasoned with a saltspoon-
ful of salt and a good dash each of
paprika and white pepper. Stir this into
the browned rice, sprinkle with two
tablespoonfuls of grated cheese and turn
into a hot vegetable dish.
Royal LeatheTRocker
288
3 s
Full $
Spring
Seat and
Back —
Covered in Best
Royal Leather.
Look at tho
picture ; does¬
n’t thisltock-
er look invit¬
ing: with its
high, broad,
shapely back
and deep
roomyspring
seat? It’s
made to last
forever, and
its wide arms
and massive
front carved
posts, give it
theexelusive-
ness and style
that cannot
had in any other rocker. Frame thoroughly seasoned
k. high golden and gloss finish. Back from seat to top,
m /.i.n 1 .4-.. 1) 1 « .. 1. w 1 r . . t . . r '
be
oak. -B- ~ R.V.OO iimo.’. Kits ii-om seat, to top,
27 in. Best quality Black Royal Leather; workmanship
nloeo AD OK _ 1. J x xl _ i • “
BIG
CATALOG
FREE
first-class. Price but $3.85 makes it the big¬
gest bargain ever offered. We can afford
such values because we own our own timber
lands, saw mills, factories and salesrooms.
Money back if it is not worth double. Send -
for our large FREE cash catalogue of Furniture, Rugs,
Curtains, etc. Learn at once how much cheaper and bet¬
ter you can buy for cash direct -from the manufacturers,
We save you all extra profits. Write NOW ■ better still
enclose $3.85 for th is comfortable rocker. Order bv num¬
ber 659. Address :
LINCOLN-LEONflRO & CO.. 1076 W. 37th Street, Chicaoo
Saves Miles of Steps
for Tired Feet
The Koosier Kitchen
Cabinet gives you
more for your money
than any other Cabi¬
net. Notice how
much MORE goes
with theHoosier
with NO EXTRA
CHARGE:
Metal flour bin with
sliding glass panel and
removable sifter. Bin
holds 65 pounds. Self¬
feeding metal sugar
bin. When a scoopful
Is taken out the same
quantity drops down.
Six crystal glass spice
cans with aluminum
lids. Crystal glass tea
and coffee jars with
aluminum lids. Hoo-
sier patent “clock-
face” want list. Great
big aluminum sliding
work table, larger and
higher than a kitchen
table. White wood
cutting board for
bread and meat. Metal
bread and cake box.
Plate racks, sliding
shelf, big cupboard,
large compartment for
pots and pans, cutlery
drawer, linen drawer,
handy hooks, copper
door fasteners and
drawer pulls.
The cabinet is 70/£
inches high- and 40
inches wide. The depth
of the lower section Is
28 inches. The cabi¬
net is on pressed steel
ball-bearing casters.
To the Housewife who does her own work: You wouldn’t keep house an¬
other day without the lpw-priced Hoosier if you knew how many miles of steps
this wonderful cabinet would save you. Think of the countless trips you now
make day after day from the kitchen table to the pantry— and to and from the
hooks and shelves for your materials and utensils.
The Hoosier saves you these steps. It saves you from reaching to high
shelves. It saves you from the back-breaking strain of bending over bins, bar¬
rels and boxes. It enables you to do your kitchen work in half the time. A mill¬
ion women in the United States now have kitchen cabinets. Half of this million
have Hoosiers. Tens of thousands are in busy farm kitchens. Why not in yours?
Hoosier
Kitchen
Cabinet
One Dollar a Week Puts This Cabinet in Your Kitchen
Agent. Look for the sign (shown below).
The merchant who has this sign In his win¬
dow is a good man to know.
But write for the Free Cabinet Book at once.
The Hoosier returns its price to you over and
Over again in the help it gives. Women tell us
the Hoosier solves the problem of kitchen help.
It is the lowest-priced cabinet made — meas¬
ured by the years of service it gives. The Hoo¬
sier is built of three thicknesses of golden oak,
and lasts a lifetime. It is the only kitchen
cabinet with aluminum work table.
W rite us for our FREE Cabinet Book, illustrat¬
ing the roomy and convenient Hoosier, with
the full equipment listed above. We will also
tell you where you can see the wonderful
Hoosier Cabinet near your home. In nearly
every community there Is a Licensed Hoosier
Hoosier Manilfartnrlnio- rn ,,wmc omce a,,‘l Factory, 18 Rich St., Mow Castle, Ind.
noosier manufacturing Co. San Franclgeo j{raiich, 238 Paclflc Building. ,25)
World’s Greatest Makers of Kitchen Cabinets
Mr. Husband:
You have riding plows and many farm imple¬
ments to make your work easy. Have you ever
thought that your wife should have a step-saver
for HER work? The old-time kitchen table is as
far out of date as the walking plow. The Hoo¬
sier Kitchen Cabinet saves as much labor in the
kitchen as the riding plow saves in the field.
Write ns NOW for our Kitchen Cabinet Book,
and learn how happy you can make your wife
with the Hoosier.
Look for This Sign of the Licensed Hoosier Agent— a Good Man to Know
^The Ideal Fireless Cooker*^
Makes drudgery in a hot kitchen a thing M
of the past. Start your meals— put into
cooker- go calling— return to find hot
meal ready to serve. Can't over-cook.
Makes food more savory,— Saves half fuel,
much food. Satisfaction guaranteed
Write for free catalog,— information
about free trial offer, — easy payment
plan, — and we will send you a
Coffee Percolator Free
that gives you as finely brewed
coffee as can be had in the most
expensive restaurants. Saves cof¬
fee. W rite now.
w.R.RoYCE^acrj:^”1^
Paper Those Rooms
Now. They Need It.
You don't have to put off their
papering because of the cost. Order
your papers from us and getthem at
mill prices. Hang them yourself—
our instruction book tells you bow
to do it easily — and save expense of
labor. You can paper three rooms
for w hat one would ordi narily have
cost you. Send for free instructions
and samples today.
Penn Wall-Paper Mills,
Philadelphia
BROWN’S
Bronchial Troches
Can be carried in purse or vest pocket— always
ready to relieve Coughs, Hoarseness or lung af¬
fections. Take whenever required— contain no
opiates. A favorite among Speakers and Singers.
Price, 25c, 50c and $1.00. Sample free
John 1. Brown & Son _ Boston, Mass.
^p.Carpets.Curtdins.'Blaitos
— : rw!wy>A..ij.u.f.iji.i.i.u i l.i ■ BM- From the
Mil
We Piiy
Freight
pucea Bovo you
dealers’ profits. W e give a binding
guarantee of satisfaction and nave
you 88 1-8 per cent. Yon can
buy the well-known Kegul Rug,
6x9 ft., reversible, all wooTflnish,at ___ _
$8. 76. Our Hrusselo Rug, 6x9 ft., HnBKiBkfl
greatest value known, $1.85. Splendid grade Bras-
— - - - sels Rug, 9x12 ft., $11.
Famous In vincible Vel¬
vets, 9x12 ft., $ 1 6. Stan¬
dard Axmlnsters. 9x12
ft., $18.50, Fine quali¬
ty Laoe€iirtulu.45cper
pair and np. Tapestry
Curtains, Wilton Ruga,
LlnoleumsatM ill prices.
Write to-day for our NEW
ILLUSTRATED CATALOG,
No. 14. Sent free. Shows lat¬
est designs In actual colors.
UNITED MILLS MF6. CO.
2451-2462 JASPER *T.. PHIIA.
The Improved MONITOR
MAKES IRONING EASY AND A PLEASURE
Pronounced “The World’s Best” by over 275 000
satisfied customers. No hot stove-easy to operate.
Heat regulated instantly. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
Highest in quality -lowest in price.
Highly polished and nickel plated.
AGENTS WANTED.
Write for catalogue and terms.
The Monitor Sad Iron Co.
28 Wayne St., Big Prairie, 0.
MARKET GARDENERS’ PAPER
Weekly Market Growers’ Journal — only paper printed
especially tor vegetable growers. $1.00 a year 62 is¬
sues. For 10 cents and names of three market gardeners
wo send it ten weeks with our popular booklet,
$2.<,000 a Year From Twelve Acres.” Send for free
sample copies— it is the best way to judge.
Market Growers’ Journal. 541 Walker Bldp.. Louisville. Ky.
HOUSEWORK HALVED
By Syracuse “EASY” Utilities
SOLD ON TRIAL
Syracuse “EASY ” Vacuum Washer cleans completely a tubful of clothes, coarse
or delicate, in 10 minutes of easy effort. Heat water right in rust-proof steel tub. No
*• swinging of clothes or water. Works like a cistern pump. Sold on 30 days’ trial.
Syracuse “EASY” Vacuum Cleaner, hand or electric, most satisfactory
on market. Gets all the dirt without raising dust. Easy to operate. Very
’ durable and efficient. Send for free booklet and Trial Order Form.
DODGE & ZUILL, 224 H Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
peiim
I ZJ water, good roads, close markets, unsurpassed school and social ad-
Vflnt.JLffPfl- W n fp f AT Kodllttflll tlliiuLrn kn/1 n -i _ 1-- . xl _ . xx .1
PER ACRE and up; easy payments. Productive soil, mild~c!imate
line water, good roads, close markets, unsurpassed school and social ad ’
... vantages. Write for beautiful illustrated Quarterly, other attrac-
akrfofr AS1 As’-
“iSSifAI'gg YEARLY RAINFALL 45 INCHES!!
NO
284
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER.
March 4,
Perennials for the Home Garden.
It is difficult for the busy woman,
with many cares, to make her garden
beautiful with annuals land bedding
plants, without spending a great deal
of time and waiting through the early
Summer for the blossoms. For this
reason the herbaceous border is most
satisfactory if a judicious selection is
made and plants put in for succession.
The first thought is the planting, which
is best done in Autumn, especially if
the soil is dry and sandy, but it should
be done early while there is warmth
in the ground. Dig deeply, and allow
a few days before planting for the
ground to settle. Tap-rooted plants
are best set out in Autumn, but the
soil should be in a friable condition
and good working order. After planting,
the soil should be gently pressed around
the crowns; this being most important
on freshly turned land, while it is very
necessary all through the Summer that
the ground of the surface soil be kept
locse, as this will save watering, and
fewer plants be lost in dry weather, the
evaporation of moisture from the - soil
being much reduced. In this Province
of Quebec, where nature takes a long
sleep, it is very important that we should
have plants that are early to bloom and
hardy, and for these reasons it has been
my fancy to experiment with some of
the early herbaceous perennials, in order
to have them in bloom as soon as pos¬
sible after the snow leaves the ground.
Arabis or rock cress is a charming
dwarf border plant, and gives a good
effect mixed with Alyssum saxatile, the
brilliant golden yellow of the latter com¬
paring well with the white Arabis, and
making a charming combination round a
bed or border of violets that make the
air fragrant with the first Spring warmth.
Up from the earth come the pinky
brown fern-like leaves of the Dicentra,
a spray of the pink and white bleeding
hearts being curled up within each frond,
and by this time the Anemones are in
full bloom with their white starry flowers
and the Phlox subulata or moss pink
surprises one with a pink and white car¬
pet. The double buttercup (properly
Ranunculus acris) is a gay addition to
the border, and so is Doronicum or
leopard’s bane. These earliest peren¬
nial should be set out near the house,
that the amateur gardener, often busy
with domestic duties, may see them from
the windows, or in passing, especially if
there are sufficient plants of one va¬
riety to be massed so as to give a bit of
color. This massing of plants where
there is room prevents a spotty appear¬
ance, a full bed of one specimen being
most effective.
Let the beds or borders be along the
margin of the lawn, or the walks beside
the house. Never cut into the lawn,
but give the plants the benefit of sun¬
shine, far away from the roots of trees,
that are far-reaching robbers. There
are, however, some perennials that thrive
in shady places, if watering and fertiliz¬
ing are attended to, and among them
are forget-me-not, Vinca, columbines,
foxgloves and the hardy primroses and
Polyanthus. As the season advances the
Campanulas send up their flower spikes ;
the dwarf varieties are very pretty and
cheerful, and the taller sorts are numer¬
ous and fine. How wonderful are their
pink or white or blue saucers, on slender
stems, while the numerous blossoms on
a spike of C. pyramidalis is truly mar¬
velous.
An old favorite is the double yarrow,
now called Achillea “The Pearl,” and
another is the scarlet Lychnis that has
many names. A sudden blaze of red
takes us by surprise in a distant border
and we find that the great buds of the
Oriental poppy have opened. They do
not last long in hot weather, but are
brilliant while with us, and much gayer
than their little sisters of the snow, the
Iceland poppies that come upon us un¬
awares in Spring. No perennial garden
is complete without its Sweet William
and hardy pinks, while we find the
Pyrethrum with its colored daisies is
good for cutting, if we can get them
without the magenta tints.
Queen of perennial plants is the beauti¬
ful peony; they seldom fail to give a
glow to garden while they remain with
us. The clear rose tints are lovely,
while the white “Festiva”, marked with
a carmine splash in the centre, is a beau¬
tiful flower. The peony is truly the
busy woman’s flower, for it grows with¬
out special care, and if care is made in
selection will last a month, from the
early crimson “piney” of olden days to
the dark crimson and pink that come
late. Water they must have or the buds
will blast, but they are very floriferous
and dependable and are best planted
about the end of August so as to give the
roots a chance to get firm hold of
the soil before growth ceases. Some
of the Chinese varieties are very frag¬
rant and they almost supply the place
of Rhododendrons where those plants
fail to thrive. But they require rich
soil, and if the season is hot and dry
should be mulched as soon as buds are
set.
A pleasant flower for the background
to a border is Dictamnus fraxinella, the
white especially being interesting; the
foliage is graceful and has a spicy frag¬
rance suggesting lavender. It is some¬
times called the gas plant on account
of the volatile oil generated by its flow¬
ers, and is a marvel to those who are
not familiar with the fact that if you
hold a lighted match a few inches above
the plant when in bloom on a calm
evening, a flame will appear. The monks¬
hood is an old favorite, but it has danger
lurking in its stalks that I had never
dreamed of until a small boy of our
family ate some of the seeds, thinking
them black currants, and required prompt
attention, for Aconitum, which is the
proper name, tells us its properties. For
this reason care must be taken that
monkshood is never planted in or near
the kitchen garden, for their roots are
tuberous and spreading and being poison¬
ous might be used by accident, as food.
The foxglove is another flower poison¬
ous, but beautiful, an old garden favorite,
stately and elegant.
If you are walking through a garden
where old-fashioned flowers live, you
will meet the bergamot (Monarda),
with its whorls of crimson-scarlet flow¬
ers, and fragrant foliage, that responds
to your touch. Larkspurs and Rud-
beckia and then the Helenium tell the
story that Summer is on the wane, and
( Continued on next page.)
I-Am
■ JM . , .
m
4
;4*.,
# i • f .<
%'S
Unusual Seed Offer
To get our Spring Catalogue to as
many flower lovers as possible, we will
send Three Large Packages of seeds
with the catalogue if you will send us
your name and address, with 10 cents for
packing and mailing.
We will send enough Firebrand Salvia seed
i Scarlet Sage) for two beds, enough Great
)ouble Spike Hollyhocks for both sides of
the fence, and a Large Packet of Rainbow
Mixture Sweet Peas. The Salvia shows its
dazzling, scarlet color early in the summer and
lasts till frost. The Hollyhocks are the grand,
old-fashioned summer flowering kind, rich in
tone and variety. The Sweet Peas are the new¬
est shades and show perfect galaxy of color.
This is an offer you cannot duplicate anywhere.
Our catalogue contains the largest assortment
of seeds, is beautifully illustrated, and contains
much information for flower growers.
” WILLIAM ELLIOTT £» SONS
Established 66 Years 36 Vesey St., New York
GRAPE
VINES
can be bought right this year. Send us a
memorandum of your wants for prices.
MINER & MINER
Grape Vine Growers , Sheridan, /V. V.
mm GRAPEVINES
6D Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best Root¬
ed Stock, Genuine, cheap, i sample vines mailed for 10c. Peso,
price-list free tun IS KOE9CII A SON, llox K . Krcdonla, N. ¥.
RAPEVINE
Large stock. Best varieties. Best Grade.
Guaranteed true.
SPECIAL OFFER.
We will send, postpaid, 10 strong, hardy, two-
year-old GRAPEVINES — best varieties, red,
white and black — for $1.00. Just the kind
for planting around the house, along fences, or
in the garden. W e also offer Five Three- Year-
Old Vines For $1.00. Will bear year after
\ planting. Our valuable hook, how to plant
and prune, free with every order. Mention
this paper and we’ll add free one new, '
large, red currant.
T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY
Grapevine Specialists
.860 Central Ave.,Krcdunlu,S.Y.
Established 11 years.
ROSES
Guaranteed
to Bloom
ftnpHE BEST ROSES IN
1 AMERICA.” This is
not an idle boast. Our vice-presi¬
dent is the foremost rose propagator
of this United States. Ever since the
Civil War, when this business was first established,
he has been developing rose culture and produc¬
ing the newest and best. His genius, combined
with the rich soil of this unequalled rose country
and our mammoth modern greenhouses, has made
Conard & Jones Roses
excel in form, vitality and
guarantee every one to bloom.
loveliness. We absolutely
We cannot tell you here all about their wondrous beauty and endless variety, nor about
our many other flozvers, but we zvill with pleasure send you our handsome illustrated
Free Floral G-uidLo
from which you may easily select at your leisure. By all means drop us a postal for
it today!
We also issue that famous little book, “ How to Grow
Roses” (1911 edition, revised), on selecting, planting,
pruning and cultivating. Enclose 10c when you write
for the catalogue, and we will mail the two books.
Here is our popular “ Five Point Set ’’-Win. R. Smith,
pink ; Mme. Eugene Marlitt, rich red ; Usman Cochet,
white; Kirdie Blye, light carmine; Lady Roberts, yellow.
All for $1.00— 1-year size ; $2.50— 2-year size ; delivered.
*lhe Conard & Jones Co.
Rose Specialists— 50 Years’ Experience
Box 4-C, West Grove, Pa.
Seeds, Plants, Roses,
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, etc.
Hundreds of car lots of
FRUIT and ORNA¬
MENTAL TREES. 1,200
acres, 50 in hardy Roses,
nonebettergrown. 44 green¬
houses of Palms, Ferns,
Ficus, Geraniums and
other things too numerous
to mention. Seeds, Plants,
Bulbs, Roses, Small Trees, etc., by mail, post¬
paid. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Immense stock of SUPERB GANNAS, the
queen of bedding plants. Acres of Paeonias and
other Perennials. 50 choice collections cheap
in Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc. Elegant 168-page
Catalog FREE. Send for it today and see what
values we give for your money. Direct deal will
insure you the best at first cost. 57 years. (12)
The Storrs & Harrison Co., Box 158 Painesville, 0.
Blue Rambler Rose
(VEILCHENBLAU)
A seedling of the famous crimson Rambler.
It bears semi-double flowers of medium size in
large bunches, and in color is Violet-Blue. If
you want something to make people stop and
take notice the Blue Rose is just the thing.
40c each. 8 for $1.00
MISS MARY E. MARTIN, Floral Park, New York
Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees,
SnRUBS and ROSES,
SMALL FRUIT PLANTS
of all kinds from the famous Lake Shore re¬
gion of northern Ohio. Send for catalogue.
MAPLE REND NURSERY,
T. B. West, Lock Box 287, Perry, Ohio.
>-
Grow this Beautiful Rose
In Your Garden
It is the American Beauty Rose, but very
much improved. Instead of being a plant
that will only flower in the
hothouse, it will thrive and
bloom wherever a climb¬
ing or pillar rose will.
It lias the same
exquisitely fra¬
grant, rosy -crim¬
son flowers 3 to 4
inches in diameter
— but instead of a
few flowers it is
one mass of bloom
inj tine, and contin¬
ues to bloom occa¬
sionally through¬
out the season.
The leaves of our
Climbing
American
Beauty
We Have Over Fifty Million Evergreens
All hardy, tested, nursery grown stock. We ship
to all parts of the world. Large as well as small
trees supplied, $4.00 and up per thousand. Our
prices are lowest of all. Quality the highest.
Hill’s Trees Grow
because they are hardy and have good roots
You can have a beautiful windbreak, hedge,
slielterbelt or screen with the hardiest of ever¬
greens at a very low cost. Our beautiful catalog,
illustrated In colors, is a mine of information on
evergreens, shade, ornamental and fruit trees,
shrubs, roses and vines. Don’t buy until you
get free catalog and sheet describing 50 won¬
derful bargain lots. Send for them today. '
D. Hill Nursery Company, Box 21*2, Dundee, Illinois
Evergreen Specialists
50,000 WILDER CURRANT
Plants, 1 year, at $14.00 per M; in lots of f>,000, $12.00
peril. J. P. WYGANT, Marlboro, N. \r.
are large, bright, glossy green and the foli¬
age remains bright and attractive through¬
out the entire growing season. The illus¬
tration shows a small part of a photograph
ofoue Climbing American Beauty in bloom.
Rose-lovers will certainly take great delight
in this wonderful new rose. We will be
pleased to send you, by mail, postpaid, one
or as many more as you like of these beau-
tiful roses. One-year-old plants $2.00 each.
Write for complete descriptive literature.
HOOPES. BRO. 8 THOMAS COMPANY, West Chestei. Pm.
BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME
GROUNDS WITH A PRIVET HEDGE
I will sell you enough good, strong, heavily rooted
California Privet hedge plants to go around your I
home grounds, planted six inches apart, for 9c per
yard, packed to carry anywhere, delivered to R. R. |
station at Salisbury, Md. Measure distance around j
your grounds, see how little it costs ami send your
order to W. F. ALLEN, Salisbury, Maryland.
Try our seeds this year. They will more
than please you. Fo r only 10c. in U. S.
stamps pr coin we will send a regular
full size packet of
Beet, Improved Blood Turnip,
Lettuce, May .
Radish, Scarlet Turnip, White Tipped,
Aster, Queen of the Market, mixed,
1 Sweet Peas, Finest mixed, and a copy ol
the best Catalogue we ever Issued.
Remember, these are regular size packets and should not be
compared with those sent out in some collections. Send tor
the catalogue anyway. It's free and better than ever.
M. H. BRUNJES & SONS. iYIuIokcvn ATr:
1911.
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
when my button Chrysanthemums come,-
there is very little left but a stray Cal¬
endula or Coreopsis, and the native As¬
ters that are very pretty, but apt to en¬
croach on other ground. All through
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
Simple house gowns are always liked.
This one is tasteful and very generally
becoming and it is perfectly simple. It
can be treated just as illustrated or the
yoke can be cut on a straight outline and
the neck finished either with a round col¬
lar or cut out to form a square. The
long sleeves can be gathered into nar¬
row pointed cuffs or made with deep
plain cuffs, as preferred; and if neither
is liked, plain elbow sleeves can be used.
The wrapper is made with fronts and
back which are joined to the yoke. The
closing is made at the front. In what¬
ever style the sleeves are made they
are cut in one piece each. For the
medium size will be required 9J4 yards
of material 27 or 7l/2 yards either 36
or 44 inches wide, with 6 yards of band-
28S
6892 House Gown or Wrapper with
Straight or Pointed Yoke,
34 to 44 bust.
the later season the perennial sunflowers
bloom cheerfully; no other plant being
sp accommodating as to soil and posi¬
tion, , for they grow anywhere and are
not injured by frost.
Many valuable perennials are not here
mentioned, but readers can always select
from descriptive catalogues, whatever
suits their fancy, and they generally
prove comfortable plants, that require
but little attention. Those inclined to
lop over should be tied to stakes, and
if withered flowers are kept cut off be¬
fore going to seed, the plant will retain
strength and often send out an after-
math of bloom. Pulling weeds and
keeping the ground loose is not diffi¬
cult around such large plants, when
once established, and wood ashes applied
to the border in late Autumn, with a
coating of strawy manure on top will be
of benefit, so plant perennials ; they will
reward the busy lover, and seldom cause
disappointment. annie l. jack.
Selling Homemade Candies.
I would like information from some
one who has sold home-made candy at
stores regarding prices received, profits,
best sellers, recipes and anything which
may be useful to one who is contemplat¬
ing this venture. a Vermont woman.
ing to trim as illustrated. The pattern
6892 is cut in sizes for a 34, 36, 38, 40, 42
and 44 inches bust measure; price 10
cents.
The smaller pictures include 6907,
house jacket with peplum and body anc
sleeves in one. 34 to 42 bust. 3 yards
of material 27 inches wide, 2 yards 36,
1§4 yards 44, 5 yards of banding, for
medium size. 6928, fancy blouse 34 to
42, with body and sleeves in one. 2l/2
yards of material 27 inches wide, 1$4
yard 36 or 1% yard 44, with yard 21
for trimming and 5/$ yard of all-over
lace 18 inches wide, for medium size.
6926, girls’ cutaway coat, with round
sailor collar. 8 to 12 years. 3 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 1^4 yard 44 or
1/4 yard 52, with £4 yard of contrasting
material 27 inches wide, for 10-year size.
6915, child’s kimono, 1, 2 and 4 years. 4
yards of material 27 inches wide, 2x/2
yards 36, 2 yards 44, 2% yards of band¬
ing for 2-year size. 6919, five-gored
skirt, with tuck to give tunic effect, 22 to
30 waist, 7J4 yards of material 27 inches
wide, A/> yards 36 or 44, when material
has figure or nap, 5*4 yards 27, when
material has neither figure nor nap, 5
yards of banding, width- of skirt at low¬
er edge 2/ yards, for medium size;
price of each pattern 10 cents.
We find our most soothing companion¬
ship in trees among which we have lived,
some of which we ourselves may have
planted. We lean against them and they
never betray our trust; they shield us
trom the sun and from the rain ; their
Spring welcome is a new birth which
never loses its freshness, they lay their
beautiful robes at our feet in Autumn;
in Winter they stand and wait, emblems
of patience and of truth, for they hide
nothing, . not even the little leaf-buds
which hint to us of hope, the last element
in their triple symbolism.— Dr. O. W.
Holmes.
Anxiety is the poison of human life.
It is the parent of many sins, and of
more miseries. In a world where every¬
thing is doubtful, where you may be dis¬
appointed, and be blessed in disappoint-
ment — what means this restless stir and
commotion of the mind? Can your so¬
licitude alter the cause or unravel the
intricacy of human events? Can your
curiosity pierce through the cloud which
the Supreme Being hath made impen¬
etrable to the human eye? To provide
against every important danger by the
employment of the most promising means
is the office of wisdom, but at this point
wisdom stops. — Blair.
OF
CHILDREN
depends upon proper nourish¬
ment — a balanced ration. The
most frequent lack is bone-form¬
ing material, causing soft, weak,
diseased, crooked bones.
Scott’s Emulsion
supplies every element needed.
It’s a balanced ration for bone as
well as flesh. Every child should
have a small dose daily.
ALL DRUGGISTS
“Why, It Looks Like
A New Room”
That’s what everybody says when
you decorate your home with Mur-
esco.
Its soft and delicate tints turn a
room with dingy walls and ceilings
into a place of charm and beauty.
Muresco is an artistic wall finish
that can be applied direct over
smooth, hard plaster surfaces, or
over metal or hardwood. It comes
in many tints and shades, and it can
be applied by anyone.
7WRESCO
For Walls and Ceilings
Muresco is used in thousands of
artistic homes. It gives a restful
background for pictures and wall
decorations. Decorative effects may
be produced by stencils which we
furnish.
Ask your paint or hardware deal¬
er for Muresco, or write to us for
suggestions and designs.
Moore’s Pure House Colors
We are makers of a large line of
paints and varnishes for every pur¬
pose-sold ready to use. Moore’s
House Colors touch the highest
quality possible in paint-making.
BENJAMIN MOORE & CO.
Brooklyn, N. Y. Carteret, N. J.
Cleveland, O. Toronto, Can.
Chicago, III,
Your Buildings
Are Capital
— just as much as your land.
You would’nt think of
letting your land run down.
Do you neglect your build¬
ings?
Where the paint has
scaled off, the weather will
soon work ruin.
This spring protect your buildings with
good paint. Be sure your painter uses
“Dutch Boy Painter ”
White Lead
and genuine linseed oil. You can find
nothing so protective, lasting and econom¬
ical. Ask your painter.
You can have free our ‘‘Helps No. 708”
which tell all you want to know about
paint and painting.
National Lead Company’
New York Cleveland Chicaeo
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
John T. Lewis A Bros. Co., Philadelphia
National Lead & Oil Co.. Pittsburgh
CIDER and WINE
FARM FflR <JA F~ ^ he cheapest one in Som-
I nil III -lull OnLL erset County — location,
quality ot soil and timber considered. Contains
2o0 acres, 100 acres in cultivation and balance in
^rnber. For full particulars address JAMES A. C.
DRAVOR, Princess Anne, .Somerset Co., Maryland,
No complicated mechanism—
big capacities. Requires only
2 to 4 h. p. to operate any press.
Also, HAND PRESSES,
GRINDERS, MILLS.
Write to-day for free catalogue.
THE G. J. EMENY CO., EE ETON, N. Y.
CIDER PRESSES
THE ORIGINAL MT. GILEAD HV.
ORATJLIO PRESS produces more cider
from less apples than any other and is a
BIG MONEY MAKER
Sizes 10 to 400 barrels daily, hand
or power. Presses for all pur
poses, also cider evaporators,
apple-butter cookers, vine¬
gar generators, etc. Cata¬
log free. We are manufac¬
turers, not jobbers.
HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. CO
(Oldest and largest manufacturers of elder
presses Su tho world.) _
1SX Jfjncoln Avenue, Mount Gilead, OUl<
Or Room 119 L 39 Cortlandt St., Now York, N. Y.
I Rfl Farm* £OR SAIiK CHEAP, in fertih
,UJ I Ul NIO Delaware Valley. New catalog™
and map tree. Horace <4. Reeder, Newtown, Pa
T7TRGINIA FARM For Sale. 350 Acres. $12 Pei
v Acre. H. J , SCHNEBLIN. Crewe, Va
DELAWARE FARMS for salo. Largest, most complete
list money making farms in Stato. Healthful
climate, short winters, wonderfully productive soil
Ulus, catalog free. Wm. G. Wechtenhiser, Harrington Del
, - # ’fc ^ _
Your Desire for Running Water
May Now Be Fulfilled
Every drop of water you now carry in buckets for any
purpose, in fair weather or foul, may be drawn from a faucet
within the house. An ample supply piped for bathroom, kitchen,
laundry, sprinkling, watering stock and fire protection can be
made a reality — with the force supplied day and night by the
l air pressure of the
I
Placed in your basement or buried underground, no matter where you live, your
plant is protected from freezing— the water is always clean, pure and of equable temperature.
Both hard and soft running water, hot as well as c old, can be piped where you want it under
«« mnnh nrpssurp vmi rlocir-o
Cut Out and Mail This Coupon
as much pressure as you desire.
The value of a Leader Water System to yourself and
family will be evident every hour of every day — it cannot in
any sense be called a luxury. Its cost depends upon your
needs — the sizes range from a small hand outfit to the largest
engine or motor driven plants for hotels, clubs, school build¬
ings, isolated institutions, and even villages and towns.
The story is told in “ The Ques¬
tion of Water," which we will
gladly send on return of the cou¬
pon. Sign and mail it to-day.
LEADER IRON WORKS,
4607 Jasper St., Decatur. III.
Without cost or obligation, mail me
your book, “27ie Question of Water."
The trade-mark
fiat fen.
on the plant you buy
is your assurance of
satisfaction. Make
sure it is there.
Name
Leader Iron Works
Decatur, Ill. and Owego, N.Y.
NewYork City Office, 15 William St.
Chicago Office, Monadnock Block
■ R.F.D.orBox .
Town.
State.
286
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 4.
Live Stock and Dairy
STILL ANOTHER HORSE COMPANY.
An Easy String of Suckers.
he left the dealer offered the colt for
$400. My account with this venture
stands about as follows :
To note paid in one year with inter-
cst . ?oo.00
To note’ paid in two years with in-
terest . . 5(5.00
In reading an article on page S& by To assessments, approximately . 50-00
J. Grant Morse regarding the farmers’ Total . $159.00
horse company, I was forcibly reminded By f rom 1 Yio^scs Void! ! ! ! ’. ! ! ooioo
of a similar experience we had in 1890.
During the Winter of that year an agent
for a noted importer and dealer in
horses had on exhibition in our town
By proceeds from colts raised . 00.00
Total . 00.00
I lost the two colts I raised in one sea¬
son.
This leaves a balance of $159, showing
two imported French horses, one a black the cost of experience and education
Coach horse called Fashion, coming four along this line. In writing these facts
years old the other a Percheron called I have to expose my weakness in being
y. . , . ... caught by one of the schemes planned
Artiste, coming five years old. After sev- for farmers> but I do so with the same
eral weeks of canvassing and soliciting object as Mr. Morse, for the benefit of
the agent secured a goodly number of the readers of The R. N.-Y.
farmers’ names on his subscription list Oi leans Co., N. Y. R. t. smith.
for stock in the horses. The price to be
paid tor the horses was $4,500, in shares Fits in Pigs.
of $100 each. Nearly all of the farm- I bought four Chester White pigs from
, , ... . , , , , , mv neighbor ; their age, I think, was about
ers who subscribed were induced to take seven weeks, straight nice pigs when I got
twn cWes each or T think at first the them, but soon after when I fed them
two snares eacn, or i tninK at nr.t i e thpy would be taken with a choking cough.
agent would not sell less than two shares 0ng espocially after these coughs was taken
to a person. The agent could ligure out with what i call spasms ; he would go
down, kick and shiver as though dying.
Since that two of them act stiff and sore;
at times it is hard work for them to get
to the trough. I am keeping them in a
cow stable where it is warm, and take all
, pains to keep them clean and dry. I am
subscribers he could, the dealer appeared fee(]inK now about two parts middlings and
the income from the horses, id after
deducting the expenses it showed a very
nice profit, on paper, for the sharehold¬
ers. After the agent ’d all of the
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Percheron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from $300 up, mares
SWINTE
upon the scene, and with the agent they one part ground corn; started in with mid-
made personal calls upon the subscrib- filings and bran till just lately I also fed
• .1 i n on the start a stock food, but thought It
ers, announcing the stock all taken and mjght lie the cause of their coughing, so
appointing a meeting ef the shareholders stopped feeding it. At first I examined from $400 up. Address all correspondence 'to
shortly at a hotel in town to organize pigs for black teeth, which I found in all; -O. N. WILSON, Kittanning, Pa.
fho mmmuv nlsn reniiestinrr and in- next. 1 blod them when taken with sPaSmS'
the company, also requesting ana in and when thev became stiff and sore I gave
sisting upon a settlement with the sub- them a dose ‘of turpentine. They are, I
scribers for their shares. Unlike the think, going to get along all right now, as
scheme related hv Mr Morse of the the-v are doin£ wcl1 and have made £°od
scheme leiatea L)y iur. iuoise oi i growth for all of their sickness; they are
joint note, which is a later and more about three months old. Can you tell me
effective plan, each subscriber only paid what was the matter and if what I did for
for the shares of stock that lie took, them helped them or not? Please give
either by cash or notes, one-half due in
one year, with interest, the balance in
two years.
In due time the meeting was held and
the company organized, officers elected, _ ^ _ _
a manager chosen to keep and care for meal to the slop if it is made with water ;
the horses at $600 per year, and an omit the flaxseed meal if slop is made with
, , .5 .11 i,„ij _ milk. Mix limewater in the slop, as so
assessment levied upon the shareholders often advised here. a. s. a.
remedy for trouble. F. a. p.
New York.
The fits are purely due to overfeeding
and lack of exercise. Black teeth do no
harm. Pigs do not need bleeding. Reduce
the food and increase the outdoor exercise.
Add ground (screened 1 oats and flaxseed
to raise money to carry on the business,
and the horse company was fairly
launched, for the improvement of the
stock of our county as a business ven¬
ture, for the benefit of our town, also to
increase the wealth of the shareholders.
Before the notes came due they were
assigned or turned over to the son of
the dealer for collection, and he is the
one who figures in all of the subsequent
transactions. It was also known that
there was about one-third of the stock
(15 cr 18 shares) still held by him, and
on which he was paying assessments.
This caused after about two years one-
half or more of our members to with¬
draw from the company and commence
an action against the dealer or son to
recover damages. After a trial in the
county court they obtained a verdict in
their favor amounting to about $30 per
share for those that went into it. The
few members left in the company con¬
tinued the business a year or two longer,
and when the dealer’s son generously
offered to take back the horses anil to
keep them free of charge until he could
sell ihem (and that as soon as possible)
for a fair price and return to us our
share of the proceeds we gladly ac¬
cepted the offer and shipped him the
horses, sending a man with them. The
proceeds have not been received yet,
after 16 years of waiting. Perhaps
there were not any. We have sent sev¬
eral letters of inquiry, but could not get
a£j answer from him. We have been
an easy string of suckers. We ought to
have had the assistance of The R. N.-Y.
years ago. The business was a losing
one from the beginning. We never re¬
ceived enough from the service fees to
pay for the keep of the horses. We were
continually paying assessments. We
raised a few colts. The members had to
pay the same service fee as others. The
Percheron proved to be a poor foal-get¬
ter, and should have been exchanged
for another one, according to the con¬
tract.
It will be remembered that the horse
market was at a low ebb about the time
our company existed (except for com¬
pany horses). Perhaps other companies
have done better. There have been sev¬
eral formed in this part of the State,
but as far as I can learn they have been
a losing investment for the farmers.
They seem glad to get out or sell out
after a short trial. To illustrate the ex¬
cessive price charged by dealers to com¬
panies, but recently a dealer called upon
a friend of mine living in another part
of the county and tried to induce him
to help form a company and buy a colt
the dealer had for sale for $1600. My
friend refused to help him, hut before
rr;*“
NO MOTORS TO ADJUST
ON THE HINMAN MILKER
~vrO Mechanic is needed to run THE
HINMAN; no springs or weights or
motors to cause trouble, each machine
separate, keeps each cows milk separate.
I^OT one feature makes the Hinman
•h' superior, it is all right from principle
to execution. Progressive farmers opin¬
ions and orders prove every claim we
make.
WRITE TO-DAY }-«
ars about the HINMAN.
HINMAN
MILKING
MACHINE
CO.
45 SENEGA ST.
ONEIDA, N.Y.
Sks tea®*
Horses and JVEnlcs
ERGHERON
STALLIONS AND HIRES
Imported and home-bred. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 30 years an importer and breeder of prize winners.
IC L W O O I) S . AKIN
170 South Street, Auburn, N.Y.
TIIE PERCHERON SOCIETY
OF AMERICA
Has just taken over ail records and business
of Percheron Kegistery Company of Colum¬
bus, Ohio. 215 breeders took membership In
P. S. of A. during Dec. and January alone.
137 more new members added thru recent ac-
quirementnumed above. There is now but one
recognized Society in the Uni ted States record -
' ing Percherons. For information address:
WAYNE DINS MORE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, III.
Pf) Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
DU at farmers' prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middiefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, ().,
on Penna. R.R. 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
KENTUCKY MAMMOTH JACKS, JEN¬
NETS and SADDLE HORSES.
We are the Largest Breeders in America of Mam¬
moth Jacks. Hampsliireand Tamworth hogs. Stock
of all ages for sale. J. F. COOK 8 CO., Lexington, Ky.
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.
Hackney and Standard Bred Brood Mares, Stal¬
lions and Fillies, Aberdeen Angus cattle. Could
use Percheron mares, mules, automobile — new.
Send for Catalog of Stock. DELAWARE STOCK
FARM, Myer & Son, Prop., Bridgeviile, Del.
DAIIIY CATTLE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
... AT REASONABLE PRICKS . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
Learn
about the IpUf Her
ST* a —
is one of
The Most Economical Production of the
Highest Class of Dairy Products, excell¬
ing in Natural Color and Good Flavor.
She won- The Pan American Dairy Breed Test,
The Iowa Dairy Cow Contest,
Inpartial Experiment Station Trials.
The Guernsey was the First Breed to establish
an Advanced Register on basis of Years
Records with Public Supervision.
An average of over 1200 official years records Bhow :
8070 lbs. Milk 410 lbs. Butter Fat
(Equivalent to -IGOlbs. butter)
AVERAGE PER CENT. BUTTER FAT 5.03
Full information regarding the breed by writing
The American Guernsey Cattle Club
Box R, PETERBOBO, JST. II.
To Avoid Inbreeding, We Will Sell Our
HERD BULL
AMERICA DE KOL BURKE.
A great son of the great De Kol Burke. It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree
Also, four months Bull Calf for sale
CLOVElf lk ALE FARM, Chni-lolte, N. Y.
C. S. Hunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
DAIHY CATTLE
A BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PIG given for a
A few hours of your time. Stamp forpurticulars.
PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannettsburg, Pa.
LARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD— Special Offering
of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
They should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity, H. C. 8 H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders booked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from Jitters averaging ten.
. . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FA KM , Gettysburg, Pa.
SOMETHING NICE— Dnroc Jersey Swine, Partrilge
and Golden Rock Chickens, Bourbon Rod
Turkeys, Embden Geese, Crested White Ducks.
J. H. LEWIS, R. No. 2, Cadiz, Ohio.
THE BIG, DEEP FELLOWS
that grow and mature quickly.
Pics and Gilts for sale at all times.
” SliENANGO RIVER FARMS, Transfer, P.a.
SMSiiHOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descrij>tive Booklets Free
HOLST El N-FRI ESI AN ASS'N OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON. SEC-Y. BOX 1 0S. BRATTLEBORO.VT.
MAPLE HURST STOCK FARMS, Guilford, Conn., offer lor
sale! Jersey Bull Calves eligible for registry,
7 Guernsey Bull Calves eligible to icgistry. Jer¬
seys headed by Hood Farm Pogls, Guernseys headed
by imported Famine’s Zac Taylor. Splendid
speclmensof both breeds. Four magnificent Berk¬
shire Boar Pigs eligible to registry. Sired by Hood
Farm Rex anil dam Hood Farm Dinah. Also 20
& weeks old Chester White Pigs. One 11 months
old Chester White Boar. 20 single and double
comb It. I. lted Cockerels, Tuttle strain. The
above stock is guaranteed and the price is right.
DUROGS
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES.-^ £5
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will, book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
F
.OR SALE— Jewel Hengerveld Butter Boy— Born Oct. 8,
1908. Sire, Neali Pauline De Kol Butter Boy.
)am, Jewel Hengerveld De Kol 2d. He is O. K.
Must sell— am overstocked.
MYRON J. PULIS. Warwick, N. Y.
I
every way.
Breed Up— Not
buy. Superior dairy dam's. No better sires. R. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
JERSEYS
-Combination and Golden Lad; for
sale, 2 cows, 7 heifers, 3 bulls.
S. E. NIVIN, Laudenburg, Pa.
young sons before it is too late. Nothing over three
months old on hand at present. Address
J. GRANT MORSE, Laurel Farm, -:- Hamilton, N. Y.
Millr PrnHnrprc for Kew v„ork C?*? market
1Y111K rlUUUtCl Y desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
tho Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville, N. Y.
Fnrolia Qtnplf Farm~lie8istered Jersey Bulls
LulUnd OlUbn 1(11 III allrj Heifers. 0 monthsto 2
years old. Chester White. Poland China and
Berkshire Pigs. Scotch Collie Pups and a variety
of poultry. Send two-eont stamp for circular.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Pa.
Robinson's HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON. Edmeston, N. Y.
DOGS
pm I IC Pll DC— From imported stock. Females
UULLIL rUrOcheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
p nil jn Dime- Sable and white, from imported
UUIIIu IUJJ5 champion stock. Are actual dri¬
ers at $8 and $10 each. Ira Keller, Prospect, Ohio.
JS XV X 3ST !EJ
01bs-9TTonflis
Jersey Reds fatten easily 8 quickly, j
brmill-boneii, loug-bodied, vigorous I
& prolific. Meat unsurpassed. Havel
some choice offerings now. Write |
for catalog and prices. Arthur J. 1
J|^^LLiN8^Jox^l^^loore8to\v^N^J
REGISTERED BERKSHIRES
SPRING OFFERING OF PIGS y°r,1Sr'iHo»s»Sakin
From such grand strains as “Loyal Berks,” “Lord Premier 50,001,” Masterpiece 77,000,”
“British Lord 88,504,” "Berryton.Dpkes Model 123,246” and other noted sires. I have the right
kind and can please, vou. Write and let me send you pedigrees, etc. Satisfaction guaranteed
or no sale. Ad(lress Col. HENRY HOLLYDAY, Jr. Saint Aubin Farm, Easton, Md.
Annual March Sale.
100
Belgian, Percheron & German
Coach Stallions and Mares
100
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 1911,
At the SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM, Newark, Ohio
Another great opportunity to buy the low-down,
broad out, heavy boned stallions and mares for
spring work and breeding. You cannot afford to
wait another season to get started right in the
horse industry. Do not fail to attend this sale,
where you will see more quality, more finish and
more reasonable prices than at any other import¬
ing barns in America. Theso stallions and mares
are tlio farmers’ money makers, and you should
not fail to attend this sale. Save the expenses of
an agent by buying direct from tho importer.
Also, one carload of fine MILES will be offered
at this sale. „ . , , , ,. .
Sale to begin at 10 o clock sharp, regardless of
weather, as it will be conducted in the barn with
every convenience for your comfort. Keep in
mind the day and date, Wednesday, March 8, 1911.
Col. G. W. CRAWFORD, Newark, Ohio.
Gheshires
The pig with fine, strong
bones, able to stand unwell
under heavy weight. M0RN-
INGSIDE FARM, Sylvania, Pa.
CHELOON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
0 Bred Sows. Service Boars Best of breeding.
C. E. BARNES. Oxford. N. Y.
Reg, P. Chinas, Berkshires, G.
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
Pups, Beagles and Poultry. Write for
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Middletown Pa.
WITHOUT MM
Write for Free Booklet
'How to Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully Without Milk"
Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal— The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk «s fed.
No mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1 600.
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911
287
MARKETS
Week Ending February 24, 1911.
BUTTEIl
Creamery, fancy, lb . 26 ia .27
Good to Choice . . 24 @ 26
bower Grades . 20 @ 22
Storage..... . ig ® .23
State Dairy, best . 23 (Q 24
Common to Good . 16 @ 20
Factory ... 15 @ ,16
Packing Stock . 12 @ .15
Elgin 111. butter market steady at 26 14 cents.
Full Cream, best. .
CHKKSE
17
Common to Good ..
@
ffl
.13
.12
Skims .
EGGS
White, good to choice .
Mixed Colors, best .
Common to Good .
Storage .
Western, best .
Under grades .
BEANS
Marrow, 100 lbs .
Medium. ... .
Pea .
Yellow Eye . .
Bed Kidney . .
White Kidney .
HOI’S
Prime to Choice . .
Common to Good .
Pacific Coast . .
§erman Crop, 1910 . .
ClDEIi VINEGAR
Extra Choice Old, gal .
Standard Grade .
DIMED FRUITS
Apples, evap. fancy .
Evap., com. to good .
Sun Dried .
Chops .
Cores and Skins .
Raspberries .
Cherries .
FRESH FRUITS
Apples, Russet, bbi .
Wlnesap .
Greening .
York Imperial .
Baldwin .
Spy .
Western —
Newtown, box .
Spitz, box .
Rome, box .
Wlnesap, box .
Gano. box .
Cranberrl es —
Cape Cod, bbl .
Long Island, bbl .
Jersey, bbl .
Pears, Kieffer. bbl .
Strawberries. Fla., qt . .
Oranges, Fla. box .
Porto Rico .
California .
Grape Fruit, Fla. box .
Pineapples, Havana, 18s .
Porto Rico, 30s to 24s .
HONEY
White Clover, lb .
Buckwheat, lb .
Extracted, lb .
. ,23
@
.25
@
.21
@
.17
. .12
©
.16
. .20
@
.21
. .12
@
.15
IS
3.95
. 3.50
IS
3.55
3.40
@
3.60
@
3.90
IS,
5.75
. 4.75
is
5.00
. .28
@
.29
@
.27
. .20
@
.21
. .50
@
.53
.22
IS
.24
.13
®
.15
.12
rs
13
.06
@
.11
@
.07
•04Jt>@.
05
.04
IS
.05
.28
<&
.30
.15
@
.18
3.00 ©4.00
4.011 @ 5.50
4.00 @ 0.00
4.00 IS) 0.00
4.00 IS 5.50
4.00 rs 5.00
1.60 IS 2.25
1.75 @ 2.25
1.7o IS 2.25
2 00 @ 2.50
1.00 IS 2.00
9.50 @10.50
9.50 @11.00
8.50 @ 9.00
2.75 rs 3.00
.20 IS .40
2.00 IS 3.50
1 .75 IS 2.25
2.50 IS 4.00
2.50 @ 3.00
1.00 IS 2.25
1.75 @ 2.10
.12
@
.14
.09
@
.10
.07
@
.09
VEGETABLES
Potatoes — N. Y. State, 180 lbs . 1.20 @ 1.50
Long Island, 180 lbs . 1.50 is 2.00
Maine . 1.40 @ 1.60
Sweet, Jersey, bbl . 75 @ 1.25
Brussels Sprouts, qt . 08 IS .17
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 2. 00 IS 3 50
Carrots, bbl . 1.00 is L50
Southern, new. bbl . 1.25 is 2.00
Cabbage— Danish seed, ton . 9.00 @12.00
Domestic . 5 00 @ 8 00
New, Southern, bbl . 1.60 IS 1.76
Celery, doz . 50 @1.00
Chicory, bbl . 1.75 @2.25
Cucumbers. Fla. bu . 3.00 @ 4.00
Escarol, bbl . 2.00 IS 2.50
Endive, French, lb . 12 IS .13
Kale, bbl . 125 @1.30
Kohlrabi, Southern, bbl . 2.50 @ 4.00
Lettuce, 5-6-bbl. bkt . 50 @ 1 2o
Peppers, Southern, bu . 3.00 is 4.00
Onions, Orange Co, bag . 1.50 @ 2.00
Conn. Yellow, 100 lbs . 1.40 @ 1.00
White pickle, bu . 75 @1.25
Peas, Fla, bu . 1.25 @ 3.50
Romalne, Southern, % bbl . 50 @1.00
Salsify, 100 bunches . 4.50 @ 5.00
String Beans, bu . 1.25 @ 2.50
Spinach, bbl . 1.50 IS 2.00
Squash, bbl . 1.75 @ 2.25
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75 @1.00
White, bbl . 1.00 is 1.60
Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches . 2.00 rs 3.00
Egg Plants, Fla, box . 3.00 ® 4.50
Parsnips, bbl . 1.75 @ 2.25
Parsley bbl . 3.00 is 3.50
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 2.00 IS 3.50
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Cucumbers, best, doz . 2.00 IS 2.50
Common to good . 75 @ 1.00
Mushrooms, lb . 15 @ .25
Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3!60
Rhubarb, doz bunches . 40 @ .00
Tomatoes, lb . 15 © .35
BERMUDA PRODUCTS
Potatoes, No. 1 , bbl . 6.00 @ 6.50
No. 2 “ . 5.00 @ 5.50
Beeta, bu. crate . 75 @1.00
Carrots, crate . 75 @ 1.00
Lima Beans, % bu . 2.50 @ 3 50
Peas, % bu . 1.50 @ 2.50
Parsley, bu. crate . 1.00 @ 1.25
Romalne, crate . 35 @ .60
LIVE POULTRY
Chickens, lb . 14 is .16
Fowls . 16 is .17
Roosters . 10 @ .11
Ducks . 16 @ .18
Geese . 12 IS .13
Turkeys . 18 IS .20
DRESSED POULTRY
Turkeys, Fancy . 22 IS .23
Common to Good . 16 @ .20
Chlokens, roasting, prime . 18 @ .20
Common to Good . 14 @ .17
Fancy broilers, lb . 30 IS .35
Powls . 14 @ .17
Capons, best, lb . 24 @ .25
Medium grades . 22 & .23
Small and Slips . 14 IS .18
Ducks, Spring . 15 @ .20
Geese, spring . 12 @ .14
Bquabs, doz . 2,00 @ 5,00
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Calves, good to prime .
Common .
. .13 @ .14
Lambs, hothouse, head .
Pork, light .
. 4.00 IS 9.00
11 (ft 19
Medium to heavy . .
Roasting Pigs, lb .
. .10 ffi .11
. .14 @ .17
Hat and STRAW
Hay, No. 1. ton .
on on ^ ot nn
Clover Mixed .
19 on ia nn
oiraw, Kye . Q rtn /» 11 (in
Oat and Wheat .
. 8.U0 @ 9.00
THE: RURAL NEW-YORKER
LIVE STOCK
NMlve Steers, 100 lbs . 6.00 @ 6 65
Oxen and Stags . 5.00 @6.00
Cows . 2.40 @ 4.00
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 8.50 @11.00
Culls . 4.00 @6.50
Sheep, 100 lbs . 3.25 @ 4.50
Lambs . 6.00 IS 6.60
Hogs . 8.50 @8.60
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.04 @ ...
No. 2, Red . 92J^@ ...
No. 1 ilacaroui . 94J^@ ...
Corn, as to quality, bush . 49 @ .52
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ .37
Rye . 80 @ .83
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 25.00 IS 26.00
Standard Middlings . 27.00 @ 28. U0
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop . 22.50 @ 23.70
Linseed Meal . . . 35.00 @ 36.00
Corn Meal . 24.00 IS 25.00
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.10
Middling Gulf . 14.35
New Orleans, Low Middling . 13.90
Good Middling . 14.20
is
Subduing Brush Land.
Reader (A 'o Address). — What treatment
would you advise for a piece ol land, long
neglected and grown up to small trees and
blackberry vines, which I am clearing to put
it into condition for garden crops? Soil
light and well drained, and seems to hav
fair supply of humus from the crops 0
leaves of many years. I have plenty of horse
manure to use if thought advisable. How
about lime if land is sour, which I doubt
to be the case? On parts of the above
piece are a number of large and remarkably
thrifty apple trees, but hearing very few
apples the past season. From the rank
growth they display would you not conclude
that nitrogen was needed, but muriate
of potash or something of that sort?
Ans. — We should test this soil with
litmus paper to see if lime is needed.
This test lias been often published. The
fact that these trees make such a rank
growth shows that the soil is rich in
nitrogen. A mixture of acid phosphate
and potash would be best to go with
the manure. If you can buy the chemi¬
cals mix four parts of the phosphate to
one of muriate of potash and broadcast
after plowing at the rate of 600 pounds
per acre. If you cannot get the chemi¬
cals use a mixed fertilizer without nitro
gen, but high in potash and phosphoric
acid. Use this freely around these trees
i'll Save You $50
On a Manure Spreader
r If You9 it Let Me
This is just a little ad — but a postal will bring my Big
Book— and give you my $50.00 Saving Price and Special
Proposition. Y oti can save as much answering this little ad¬
vertisement as if it coveied a page.
My Spreader positively will do better work and last longer I
than any Spreader made — no mat¬
ter what the price— so why pay $50 a
more? 40,000 farmers havoj
•tamped their O. K. onl
my spreader and money*
saving price. My Special
Proposition wiil interest you. -
Just a postal addressed to Gal¬
loway of Waterloo, Iowa, will*
bring you everything postpaid.
<>WIII You Pay a Penny For
The Postal and Save $50.00?
Address Wm. Calloway, Pres*
WM. CALLOWAY CO.
669 Calloway Sta. Waterloo, la.
SCAB — Cured
CHOLERA — Prevented
BY THE USE OF
MINOR’S FLUID
SHEEP AND HOG
DIP
Kills ticks, lice, etc.
Cures mange, scurvy
The W, E. Minor Disinfectant Co.
1518 Columbus Rd. Cleveland, O.
Sound Horses
made and kept sound the world
over by
\V5NN’S
OINTMENT
Note the sign. Price S 1 .00 per
Bottle. Of druggists or by mail.
Testimonials free for the asking.
W. B. Eddy & Co.. Whitehall, N.T.
LAMENESS from a Bone Spavin, Ring
Bone, Splint, Curb, Side Bone or simi¬
lar trouble can be stopped with
AfJSORBINE
Full directions in pamphlet with each
bottle. $2.00 a bottle at dealers ordelivered.
Horse Book 9 D free.
AltSOUBINL, JB„ for mankind, $1
a bottle, removes Painful Swellings, En¬
larged Glands. Goitre, Wens, Bruises, Varl
Oose Veins, Varicosities, Old Sores, Allays Pain.
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
We are going to give away a Solid Gold Watch, absolutely
free. It may go to some dairyman, or his wife, son or daughter— -the
one who makes the best reply to the following questions:
1. What is Protein?
2. What is the difference in feed value of one ton wheat bran
analizing .1669 per cent protein as compared with one ton
wheat bran showing in the analysis .1569 per cent protein?
3. How do you determine your answer to question 17o. 2?
4. How old are you?
5. Have you ever taken an agricultural course In school, col¬
lege or university?
6. If so, where, and how long in attendance?
7. Do you use ELMCO Feeds in your herd?
8. What is the source of your supply?
9. Do you keep daily record of the milk, cream or butter re¬
ceived from each cow in your herd?
10. Have you ever before heard of ELMCO Feeds?
11. How did you leant of ELMCO Feeds?
12. In what paper did you see this offer?
13. What is your name?
14. Where do-you live (Give town, County and State.)
15. What is your mail address?
This offer closes April 1st, 1911, and all answers must be in
our hands by that date. The winner will be determined by the person in
charge of the La Crosse County School of Agriculture, who will judge
the answers and winners will be announced in this paper.
Officials or faculty members of any univer¬
sity or agricultural school are not eligible in
this contest.
RULES.
Write answers plainly on separate sheet of paper, and number each answer to correspond with
number of question. Then mail. That’s all.
Some one is going to get this valuable prize. It may be you. Try for it.
<3LMC0JFEED£3:
ll
[glESULTSj
Listman Mill Co.,
La Crosse, Wis.
PUIUP REPUBLIC FARM CATES
Handsome Catalog of Republic Farm
Gales and Ornamental Fences sent
FREE.
REPUBLIC FENCE 4 GATE CO.,
.And see for yourself how convenient, inex¬
pensive and durable they are.
Easily raised above snow drifts, or to allow chickens or hogs
to pass, at the same time turning cattle and horses.
Cost less than wooden gates, more easily handled
and last ten times as long.
REPUBLIC FARM GATES
are built to stand (he wear and tearol years. Frame made
ol high carbon extra heavy tubular steel, thoroughly braced
to prevent sagging. No holes to weaken the gate. Fabric is I
larve heavily galvanized, rust proof wires, closely spaced. |
A gate that weather and slock cannot destroy.
211 Republic St.,
NORTH CHICAGO, ILL. I
As they some¬
times are.
A a “ IS A VE-TII E-HORSE ’
can make them.
MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY
LUMP-JAW V
positively cured in less
than 3 weeks with onoap-
plication of—
ADAMS
Rapid LUMP-JAW Cure
Easy method, little expense, no pain
or scars. Written guarantee with each bottle.
REMOV-ALL— “Beats ’Em All” for Sprains,
Curb, Bog Spavin, all lameness. Sold on
money-back guaranty.
Free— Treatise on curing animal diseases.
Write for copy today.
H. C. ADAMS MFC. CO.
Dept. 50, Algona, Iowa
A '5 "vP*" *'
Time nnd Hardest Work Can’t Bring It Back!
k'f 30"’ 91.110’ O':1- 4. 1310. — I want to say there is no use of
C”driVh lam° ,\°rs0 iC thf y wiU ill3t try •• Savc-The-
one Trill. °"%r ;l,n° * c°uld not use him. After using
£• ksve-Thc- Horse he lias never taken alamo step,
dl rive him every day in my business, which is serving pa-
™ <”®r the hilliest county m the state. You can use this with
pleasure, as this is absolutely a voluntary testimonial.
W. C. Davidso.-j, Sheriff of Col. Co.
E. O. MESSIER,
Engineer. Beal Estate and Insurance,
1008 Elm street, Manchester, N. U.. Oct. 22, 1310.
_ I sent $5 for “Save-The-Horse” to euro a Bono Spavin. At the
time he was not worth $1 ; beforo he had the Spavin l was of¬
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felt blue, as you might believe. Since one month after treating
him with “Saye-Tho-Horse" ho has not taken a lame step and I
have driven him every day, and oven thirty miles the same day.
Save-The-Horse” lias dono more than four doctors in a year.
Now it seems exaggerated, but anyone in doubt can call at the
neigh iio rs to prove what I say, and furthermore, the horse can
give them a ride, and probably one of the best in their lifetime.
I cannot say enough to praiso your remedy. E. C. Messier.
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At all druggists and dealers, or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co. 84 Com’l ave.Binghamton.N.Y.
NEGLECT
Will Ruin
YourHorse' .
Send today for
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will cure any case or
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Postpaid on receipt of
price. Agents Wanted.
Write for deBcrlptivo booklet.
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 fourth Avenue, Pittsburu. p»
Bickmore’s Cure
Harness and Saddle Galls
Great hot weather remedy for galls, sore
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and 84-page valuable horse book.
Bickmore Call Cure Company
Box 282 Old Town, Maine
Choice Virginia Farms Sr C. & O. R’y
as low as $15.00 PER ACRE. Abundant rainfall, rich soil, mild winters, nearby Eastern markets
Write for illustrated booklet, ‘‘COUNTRY LIFE IN VIRGINIA” (100 pages) and low excursion
rates. Address K. T. CRAWLEY, Indus. Agt. Chesapeake & Ohio R’y, Box ai Richmond vT
288
THE RUKAI, NEW-YORKER
March 4,
N o More Need
For Silage
KXRMHMBnn ■■HMBnBHHn
Dried Beet Pulp is a better and
cheaper feed than corn silage and a
cheaper food than roots. Contains
all the milk making materials of the
original sugar beets— only the sugar
extracted— which is of little value
for milk production ; is a palatable
succulent, vegetable food.
Some dairymen think corn silage is the
cheapest form of succulence available in
winter, but we know that Dried Beet Pulp
is better, and, results considered, so much
cheaper, that one cannot afford to put up
ensilage.
If you now have silage, cut down the
amount you feed by one-third, also some of
your grain feed, and substitute four or five
pounds of Dried Beet Pulp. The results
will surprise you.
For the Small
Dairyman
You have been told that you could not
afford a Silo unless you had at least ten
cows. You do not need it now, even though
you had ten times ten cows. Dried Beet Pulp
puts you where you can make more net profit than the dairyman who feeds silage. Neither do you
need to grow roots, as Dried Beet Pulp is cheaper and has equal feeding value, dry matter considered.
Arthur Leland of Harlow & Leland, East Bridgewater, Mass., in the December 15th issue of “Farm and Home”
writes an interesting article on Dried Beet Pulp. This is what he said :
“Since we started to feed Dried Beet Pulp we have erected two silos of 125 tons capacity each, thinking when
we erected the first in 1907 that we would not need beet pulp when we had silage ; but soon found that even silage
did not take the place of beet pulp and our silage fed cows received it every day. In our three years experience
with Dried Beet Pulp the cows have always gained in their milk when we have started to feed it, no matter what
they were receiving before, and we are thoroughly convinced that we can produce a Quart of milk for less money
with Dried Beet Pulp than with any other feed.”
Now That is Straight Talk
from an experienced, practical dairyman, but Mr. Leland’s conclusions only bear out the experiment made by the
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in 1905, when they were able to produce ten per cent, more milk on a
beet pulp ration as against a corn silage ration, the grain mixture being exactly the same in both combinations.
We realize that this is radical doctrine and that nearly every dairy paper, agricultural professor or lecturer will
say that you must have a silo to produce milk profitably. However, you do not have to take anyone s word in
this matter. PROVE IT AT OUR RISK.
We authorize any dealer to sell one sack of our Dried Beet Pulp and guarantee that the results of the test will
be satisfactory to you, otherwise we will refund the entire purchase price, so that the trial will not cost you one
cent. If no local dealer sells Dried Beet Pulp write us for our direct guarantee proposition and free booklet
“Feeding for Larger Profits.”
DEALERS— Please note above guarantee offer and be governed accordingly.
The Larrowe Milling' Co.
608 FORD
BUILDING
Detroit, Mich.
1911.
THE RURAli NEW-YORKER
The LARROWE MILLING CO.
Detroit, Michigan.
Gentlemen : —
With regard to the DRIED BEET PULP
report following results:
BEFORE USING DRIED BEET PULP:
Daily
8Ua,”m" prove »tisfactory, ,
Milk produced by . .
ration composed of
Amount of milk
consisting of
WHILE USING DRIED BEET PULP
ration composed of
Milk produced by...<~'^'#^
(Same cows ai rfj sab
,bs- of ORiED BEET PULP
. -lbs. of
4 . Jb«. of . .. .f 3
lbs. of . Ay,.
. lbs. of. .
Roughage consisting of
e Duniber as before)
Amount of milk
Further Comments
Dried Beet Pulp Cheaper Than Corn Silage
o
e
t
%
o
The cost of a feed does not end with what you pay for it, the most important part of the cost is what you get
m return. TEN PER CENT MORE MILK on a DRIED BEET PULP ration than on a silage ration is the usual
experience. Stop and figure what ten per cent more milk means to you in money, how far that extra money will
go toward paying for the Dried Beet Pulp you use, and then compare the real NET COST of the Dried Beet Pulp
with what your silage costs. Many dairymen have obtained enough MORE MILK to Pay for the Beet Pulp in full,
a clear saving of the cost of the silage which was displaced, and have convinced themselves that silage isn’t worth
feeding (as compared with Dried Beet Pulp) even if it could be obtained FOR NOTHING. Take out your pencil and
figure what it means to you in one year’s profits.
P • O. Address .
In 1 Week
Milk Production Increased Over
290
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 4,
SOME SUCCESSFUL CROPS.
The most successful crop I remember to
have raised was one of celery in the year
1900. This crop for acreage brought the
most money I ever received for the acre¬
age and was four acres grown by myself
and one acre purchased from a neighbor,
and consisted of 1,172 crates, 14,3.10 dozen,
and netted the sum of .$5,167.35. This crop
was eclipsed by a crop of lettuce in the
year 1905 which consisted of 2% acres, ami
produced 649 crates of three dozen each
and sold for a net sum of $1,451.33 an
acre and a quarter of this lettuce netted
over $800. Now these crops are extremes,
and for fear some will^say that it cannot
be possible will say that I have the books
before me, and can show the figures to any
that doubt, and only give them because
you asked me to give a statement of the
most successful garden crops I ever raised.
The most unsuccessful would be just as
extreme the other way. D. L. D.
Arkport, N. Y.
I once received $250 for a half acre of
cabbage ; but it was a season when I
chanced to have a good crop and others
didn’t. I have received as much as $400
for an acre of strawberries, but that is
more than usual by at least $100. I once
received more than $400 for one acre of
blackberries, but that was before peach
trains began running from the South to
Boston. Bator I pulled up my blackberries,
as I could not make them pay.
Massachusetts. M. Jf.
The only special crop that I call to mind
just now was cantaloupes, Rocky Ford
variety. I had a contract with the railroad
hotel system. These people run a system
of dining cars on two roads. My contract
called for not less than five crates per
day nor over 30, 36 melons to the crate,
at $1.25 per crate. I had five acres of my
own and had eight acres planted by other
parties. I furnished seed, they to plant,
cultivate and deliver to my packing shed at
45 cents per crate, I to do the packing.
These parties cleared about $30 per acre
and had the land back again August 1
with a heavy coat of crab grass on it for
hay or pasture. I cleared about $60 per
acre on my own land. These were grown
on good land without any fertilizer of any
kind or irrigation. In order to procure
good seed I sent to Rocky l ord. Colorado,
and bought two crates of the best melons
procurable. They cost me by express here
$2.90 per crate. I selected my stock seed
from these melons. This made my seed
come pretty high, but I could not take any
chances, as this kind of trade demands a
fanev article, even size and in prime con¬
dition. I never had a crate turned down
during the season. H. u. DAVIS.
Texas.
I think one of the most pleasing crops
I have grown was a 16-acre field of Winter
rye, harvested in .Tilly, 1910. The rye part
was fully 450 bushels and the straw, 24%
tons, was very bright and five to seven feet
tall. The rye sold for 75 cents per bushel
as soon as thrashed from the field, the
straw (a car of it) at $10 per ton in
large bales, pressed (tangled). I grow
rye for a Winter cover crop and usually
plow it all under for growing cabbage
plants, potatoes, corn and other crops. But
this field was so nice that I seeded the
field to Timothy and clover, which is now
an excellent stand, and harvested the rye.
Scipioville, N. Y. F. M. p.
In the Spring of 1890 we planted a few
acres of cauliflower and most of it headed
during the week of the Republican National
Convention in Chicago. The heads were
packed in berry cases, eight in a case,
packed firm and face straight up, and sold
for $1.75 to $2.25 per case. I think this
beat all the crops we ever raised. About
the 1st of May, 1892, a wet spell began
that lasted till the middle of June, with
from one to six showers in every 24 hours.
We had about seven acres of asparagus to
cut, and bv wearing rubber boots or going
barefoot and hurrying out between showers
we managed to keep it cut. The ground
was a little sandy on top and tiled every
40 or 50 feet and 3y2 to four feet deep.
The bunches were made so that four dozen
bunches standing on end just filled an
orange box, and sold that year for $4.50 to
$5.50 per box, but most of it for $5 per
box. I think there were two reasons for
the high price that year, first, the extra
wet weather hindered other crops (espe¬
cially on land not tiled), second, many
were preparing to put in more acres of all
kinds of vegetables the next year, expecting
to get two or three prices then for every¬
thing they could grow, on account of being
World’s Fair year.
Indiana. louis c. breyfogle.
The season of 1910 I had one-half acre
in carrots on newly cleared land of the
lighter type, a little on the sandy side, and
the yield was 400 bushels of the short yel¬
low type. DATES CLARK.
Several years ago I plowed a piece of
old Blue-grass pasture sod that never had
been planted before ; plowed it in late
Fall, gave the Winter a chance at it and
in the Spring prepared it for watermelons.
The seed was planted under glass in quart
berry boxes with the bottoms let down
flush with the edge, on the 5th of March.
When the plants were put out they were
very large and strong and were planted
the' middle of May. The soil was the rich,
black corn soil of Central Illinois. The
season was exceptionally favorable, and I
might have put the plants out a month
earlier had I but known. There were
three acres in the piece : we began to mar¬
ket melons July 20 and they yielded 1 %
carloads to the acre of very fine largo
Dixie melons. I have grown many acres
of melons, but I never had any such yield
as this, before nor since. Every condition
seemed just right. L. s. spencer.
Champaign Co., Ill.
Make the Most of Ifour "Water Supply
*C/steb^
p\J
S^OCK P'J'
Save many minutes every day — do away with hard
disagreeable work by pumping to any place on your farm.
Water right at the sink will save many steps; water in the barn, the
stable, dairy or stock yard will save you and your men time and
strength that is needlessly wasted, or a Goulds hydraulic ram will pump
automatically day and night without expense.
_ _ _ RELIABLE
GOULDS PUMPS
will solve this problem — each different style will give the best possible
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Write us what you want to do— tell us your requirement and we
will gladly help you solve it no matter how small or how large it may
be. Send for our free booklet
“ Water Supply for the Home ”
before you think of buying a pump. It is full of valuable suggestions
for better water service.
The Goulds Mfg. Co.0 58 W. Fall Street, Seneca Falls, N. Y.
_ -“gi
1911 Spreader
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AMERICAN HARROW CO.,' 1615 Hastings Street, Detroit, Mich.
dirt out of the milk at milking time. Test
it and prove it.
10 Days Free Trial
to prove to you that it’s the best thing in the milk
pail line you ever saw. Simply ship it back if you
don’t like it. We’ll pay express both ways. Iso
other milk pail ever made like it. Look at this pic-
ture. There is a separate shelf for a dirt catcher.
Not a particle of dust, hair or tilth can get into the
milk. Dirt is kept dry and thrown out, not wet and
allowed to “trickle” into themilkto taint itandmake
It sour quickly. That explains why itisapproved by
all dairymen, 'doctors and pure milk officers. Made
extra strong. Right pattern for easy washing and
handling milk. Price $2.50. Ask your dealer. If
he hasn’t it we will send trial pail prepaid. See how
it will build up your reputation for pure milk.
STERILAC COMPANY, 5 Merchants Rbw, Boston, Mass.
AND UPWARD
THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.
It is a solid, fair and square
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Before you decide on a
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OUR LIBERAL TRIAL ENABLES YOU
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Our surprisingly liberal long time
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BAINBRIDGE, N. Y.
1075,
""AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
1911
201
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘-protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one In which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
—a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
A Balanced Ration.
Will you give figures for a balanced ration
from the following feeds? Corn and cob
meal, ground oats, ground rye, mangels,
cornstalks and mixed hay. Also above
feeds without mangels. If needed, any kind
of mill feed can be procured in a nearby
village. D. b. b.
New York.
Here is a balanced ration compounded
for large cows weighing about 1,200
pounds each and giving 30 to 40 pounds
of milk : Digestible
Feeding stuff.
Dry
Pro-
Garb.
matter
tein
and fat
12 lbs. mixed hay. . .
10.45
.5066
5.55
10 lbs. corn stover. .
G.OO
.17
3.4
4 lbs. corn and cob
meal .
3.4
.170
2.66
3 lbs. ground oats.
2.07
.276
1.704
3 lbs. dried dis-
tiller’s grains...
2.70
.744
1.656
3 lbs. cotton - seed
meal .
2.70
1.116
1.33
Nutritive ratio 1 :5
28.04
.4.
2.988
16.300
For smaller cows feed a smaller
amount of feed mixed in about the
same proportions. I have not included
ground rye in this ration as it is not
required. In practice I would feed all
the hay and corn stover the cows will
eat and then mix the corn and cob meal,
ground oats, dried distillers’ grains and
cotton-seed meal together thoroughly in
nearly equal parts and feed each cow
according to her individual requirements.
You can feed your mangels right along
with this ration and when they are
gone you should try some dried beet
pulp for succulence. The worst fault
with this ration is its cost, which could
be greatly reduced if you had some
clover or Alfalfa hay to feed with it.
Milk Ration.
Will you advise me as to the ration for
milch cows, medium size, some fresh and
some strippers? We sell the milk. The
following are the feeds that we have or can
conveniently purchase : Corn silage, mixed
hay, cornmeal, hominy feed, wheat bran,
mixed or ship feed, gluten feed, cotton-seed
meal, very high in price ; brewers’ grains.
Digestible
Dry
Pro-
Carb.
matter
tein
and fat
7.35
.315
4.515
S.71
.422
4.625
.89
.079
.764
1.79
.244
.906
4. GO
.785
2.39
1.84
.744
.888
25.18
2.589
14.088
dry. We have some oh the latter on hand
and would like to use some. Can the brew¬
ers’ grains be profitably fed to work horses
and a colt? Is it best to soak the grains in
water over night? e. o. n.
New York.
Here is a formula for a good balanced
ration which contains the proper ingred¬
ients for the production of milk in largq
quantities :
Feeding stuff.
35 lbs. silage .
10 lbs. mixed hay. .
1 lb. cornmeal .
2 lbs. wheat bran. .
5 lbs. dried brew¬
ers' grains . 4.00
2 lbs. cotton - seed
meal . 1.84
Nutritive ration 1 :5.4.
Dried brewers’ grains can also be fed
to work horses and colts if they can be
purchased at a reasonable price, but I
would advise mixing the ration equal
parts of dried brewers’ grains, ground
oats and cornmeal for horses which are
working very hard. It would be advis¬
able to soak the grains as directed for
cows, but this is not necessary for horses
under ordinary conditions. c. S. g.
Milk Ration ; Weaning Calf.
1. IIow can I feed the following feed stuffs
to. fresh cows to the best advantage, object
being plenty of rich milk? I have corn¬
meal, bran, malt sprouts, middlings, Timothy
and clover seed, dry corn fodder which I
cut with a silage machine, and stock-food
molasses, or does it make any difference in
the quantity of milk if the feed is„made
into a mash, or should it be fed dry, giv¬
ing the cows plenty of water to drink? 2.
At what age is it advisable to wean a calf
from its mother, and what should it be
raised on after weaned? k. g.
1. From the feeding stuffs mentioned
I have compounded the following ra¬
tion, leaving out some unnecessary
feeds :
Dry Digestible Carb’s
Feeding stuff. matter. Protein, and fat.
Fiftten lbs. mixed hay
with clover . 13.05
Ten lbs. cut corn fod-
.93
6.9
der . 5.8
.25
3.73
Five lbs. malt sprouts. 4.50
.93
2.045
Three lbs. wheat bran. 2.64
.366
1.359
One lb. molasses . 79
.091
.595
26.78
2.567
14.629
Nutritive ratio 1 :5.7.
You mention Timothy and clover seed
in your inquiry, but as these seeds are
not usually fed to cows I have assumed
that you mean hav instead of seed.
While the ration given above is a little
too wide for best results, it cannot be
made much narrower without the addi¬
tion of some feed carrying a high per¬
centage of protein or cutting down the
amount of corn fodder. The question
of whether it will pay to wet feed for
cows has been under discussion for a
long time without being positively
settled. It all seems to depend upon the
cost of labor required to prepare the
feed, the quality and kind of feed used,
and the condition of the cows. Dry
feed requires more chewing than wet
feed, therefore it is naturally supposed
to be better masticated, but as cows
chew their feed twice this objection to
wet feed is overcome by the fact that
wet feed is more palatable and therefore
induces cows to consume more water
than they would naturally drink. Per¬
sonally I favor wetting the feed if you
have the facilities and time to do so.
2. The best time to wean a calf is
just as soon as it is born. If allowed
to run with the cow even for only a
day or two it often causes much trouble
that could easily be avoided by never
allowing them together. Feed the calf
its mother’s milk for at least five days
for large strong calves and two weeks
to a month for jerseys. Then gradually
substitute skim-milk as the calf becomes
strong enough to digest it without caus¬
ing indigestion. With proper care at
the end of four to six weeks no fresh
milk will be required, as the calf will
grow nicely on a ration of skim-milk
mixed with a little buttermilk and a
small amount of grain, such as wheat
middlings, ground oats and a little
hominy or cornmeal. c. s. G.
Brewers’ Grains and Cob Meal.
I have just purchased a farm on which
are nine cows in milk, being fed wet
brewers’ grains and cob meal, with hay
and shredded cornstalks for roughage. The
brewery privilege calls for 15 bushels at
10 cents per bushel per week. I am not
familiar with weight of same. The dis¬
tance hauled is nine miles. It may be had
only one day each week and is salted to
preserve until used. The present supply of
roughage seems short. Grain here (other
than brewers’ grains) seems easier to buy
than hay or cornstalks. The hay is mostly
Red-top. I would like to know if under
the above circumstances it would pay me
to continue to use brewers’ grains at all?
If considered best to retain brewers’ grains,
what additional feed to cob meal would
balance my ration? How is the nutritive
ratio calculated knowing, the per cent of
dry matter, protein, carbohydrates and fats
in each food stuff? What State or Gov¬
ernment publications (bulletins, etc.,)
would aid me in feeding cows for milk to
the best advantage now and in the future
when I may have more control over my
condition in Winter than I now have, i. e.,
when I can plant for myself for Winter
and not buy another’s plan? j. w. k
Wilbraharn, Mass.
Situated as you are nine miles from
the brewery I cannot see how you can
make it pay to haul grains so far, es¬
pecially if you have to make the trip
for only 15 bushels. If you could get
a full load and had cows enough to use
it up before it spoiled you could per¬
haps work to advantage if you have
good roads and everything favorable.
While salting may preserve the grains
satisfactorily during cold weather, you
will find this plan will not work so well
during the warm Summer months, when
you could not add salt enough to the
grains to preserve them without giving
your cows an excessive amount of salt
in their feed, so I cannot advise its
continuance. You should purchase such
feeds as cotton-seed and oil meal, dry
brewers’ grains and dry distillers’ grains
and dried beet pulp if available to feed
with your Red-top hay. Your team can
be profitably employed at least part of
the time until Spring hauling all the
manure you can get on to a piece of land
to be plowed under in the Spring for
corn. Be sure to raise all the corn you
can, and put it into a silo in September,
and your feeding problem next Winter
can be solved much simpler and cheaper.
Do not neglect to start some clover
and Alfalfa if you expect to produce
milk cheaply. A balanced ration is one
which conforms closely to a recognized
standard in the amounts of digestible
dry matter, protein, carbohydrates and
fat which it contains. The nutritive
ratio is the relation the digestible pro¬
tein in a ration has to the digestible
carbohydrates plus 2% times the di¬
gestible fat, and is found by dividing
the amount of digestible carbohydrates
and fat by the amount of digestible pro¬
tein. To find the amount of digestible
protein in a ration you first multiply
the number of pounds of each feed used
by the per cent of digestible protein in
each feed and add the results. Proceed
in the same way with the carbohydrates
and fat except that the percentage of
fat is multiplied by 2%. before adding it
to the carbohydrates, because fat pro¬
duces 2% times as much heat as other
carbohydrates. Some good books on
feeding are Henry’s “Feeds and Feed¬
ing” and Jordan’s “Feeding of Animals.”
C. S. G.
PROOFS ARE BETTER THAN CLAIMS
I he United States Separator not only is claimed to be, but what is very much more important, is
proved by documentary evidence to be, the BEST SEPARATOR IN THE WORLD.
Its position of superiority over all others has been established beyond the possibility of a doubt by the most
severe and impartial tests ever employed in competitive trials with other separators. The manufacturers of these
other separators are driven to the most unreasonable, extravagant claims in their vain attempt to overcome the
record established by the United States Separator , made when in direct competition and trial with them.
In competitive tests with our frenzied
competitors the United States Separa¬
tor has won and holds the World’s
Record for skimming, made in 50 consec¬
utive runs, lasting through 30 days, with the
milk of 10 different breeds of cows.
The United States Separator
won the Grand Prize over these same
boasters at Seattle in 1909, which was the
last Grand Prize awarded to any separator.
Remember we back our claims for the
superiority of the United States with
Ironclad Documentary Proofs and better
still, with a United States Separator
right on your own farm.
If there is any doubt in any dairyman’s
mind as to which is the best separator, then
before you buy, see and try the 1911
United States Separator.
-A!
* -
The claims made for the United
States Separators are true:
They skim the closest,
Turn the easiest,
Are easiest to wash,
Are the most substantially constructed,
Wear the longest.
We have sold many thousands of
separators by the United States being
placed in the dairyman’s home, beside any
other separator manufactured and letting it
prove its superiority in the dairy where it is to
be used.
United States Dairy Size Sep¬
arators are made in all capacities from the
two cow dairy to the dairy milking from one
to two hundred cows.
99i9o9o per cent of all the creameries
use cream separated by the United States
Separators and are eager for more.
Cream from the United States is smooth
and perfect for butter makifig.
Write for the above Documentary
Proof contained in our large Separator Cata¬
log No. 159, which is free for the asking.
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vermont
Selling agents in all dairy sections of the country
292
March 4
MAKING APPLE SAUCE.
Of course this is not the proper sea¬
son to give it, but as you recently gave
a formula for making apple butter per¬
haps our way will be interesting enough
to keep till needed. The old way in all
our region was to boil a barrel or more
of sweet cider, commencing early in the
morning, till reduced one half. A part
was then dipped out to hold for “feed¬
ing” and apples pared and cut in small
pieces were thrown in, a few at a time,
so as not to stop the boiling. Stirring
with a long-handled ell-shaped stirrer
began at once, and never ceased for a
THE RURAL
dump in all the apples and begin stir¬
ring at once. It will foam and probably
want to boil over. A teaspoon of butter
or lard will check that and cause the
foam to subside till the steam can get
through, when the danger is over. Boil
and stir steadily three hours, add the
sugar, boil another hour, which usually
suffices, but sometimes when very juicy
apples have been used, a little longer
will not hurt. Some like cinnamon spice,
but most tastes prefer the sauce with¬
out any additions. It used to be sup¬
posed that only certain kinds of apples,
like Smokehouse and others of the
Vandevere type, would do, but we
find that most sorts do very well. Falla-
water, formerly much despised on ac-
HOW THEY MAKE APPLE BUTTER.
minute till the whole mass was reduced
to a satisfactory condition, which was
mostly around midnight. From lime to
time apples and portions of boiled cider
were added till the quantity set apart was
all in. This boiling and stirring was kept
up till the critical eye of an expert pro¬
nounced it “done.” The result was a
sour, dark mass, tasting intensely of
boiled cider and often of smoke. It
would keep indefinitely, growing stronger
and sourer with age, till I have known
those with whom I lived to dig a hole
and bury it.
All this has changed. Now we take
say 12 gallons of sweet cider, ?J/2 bushels
of nice pared and cut apples, rejecting
all bruises and knots, and 20 pounds
sugar, brown preferred. Boil the cider
one hour, skimming frequently. Then
count of its mild flavor, makes delightful
sauce, and if I were planting an or¬
chard again I would give it a large
space. No apple sauce, so far as I know,
is made by the old time formula. That
made by the “new way” is so much in
demand by our nearby markets that
there is seldom enough to go round. I
ought to say that a copper kettle hold¬
ing a barrel or more is mostly used and
if not owned can always be found
among our neighbors, and can be had
either bycourtesy orfora trifling compen¬
sation. The picture shows a home scene
which was captured by one of the opera¬
tors while taking a rest. Outdoor boil¬
ing is often preferred as evaporation is
more rapid, air circulation better, and
smoke easier to get rid of.
Chester Co., Pa. wm. t. smedley
NEW-YORKER
NINETY CENTS OF THE DOLLAR.
The It. N.-Y'. has urged its readerg to re¬
port the percentage of the consumer’s price
realized by the grower, so I will take this
occasion to give our methods of disposing of
our fruit crop. This season the bulk of
our apples were sold to a co-operative far¬
mers' elevator company in the corn belt of
Illinois. We barreled the apples as they
desired and loaded the car here. When it
arrived at the elevator the patrons were
notified by ’phone, and they came and took
home the number of barrels previously or¬
dered at the exact price I received for them
here, plus the freight at carload rates,
which was 40 cents per barrel. We received
.$4 per barrel for No. 1 and No. 2 packed
together, and the consumer paid $4.40,
which gives us about 91 per cent of the
price paid by the consumer. Furthermore,
the consumer has a guarantee on the inside
and outside of every barrel, and is paying
less for the fruit than an uncertain grade
would cost him on the market. We have
sold to these farmers for two years, both
Fall and Winter fruit. They are well satis¬
fied, and so are we. By the way, the presi¬
dent of this farmers’ company informs me
that several years ago 170 corn farmers or¬
ganized and bought one of the three ele¬
vators in the town, and in less than three
years, without increasing their capital stock,
they owned and had paid for all three ele¬
vators. This seems to be an example of
successful co-operation.
Our peaches, strawberries, raspberries
and blackberries are sold at home. About
one-half are sold to farmers and other con¬
sumers who get them direct from the patch
or packing house, usually on orders given
by ’phone several days before. Here is
where the grower gets 100 per cent of the
consumer's price. The remainder of the
crop is handled by grocers on a 10 per cent
basis. We are at the edge of a village, and
the grocers' wagons come to the orchard or
fruit patch several times daily during the
season and deliver the fruit to their cus¬
tomers in the village, returning the empty
crates and baskets the next day. All fruit
is ours until it is sold, so the grocer takes
no risk except from poor accounts. We take
no considerable risk either, as we are where
we can keep watch of the market and the
grocer’s supply, and regulate the price ac¬
cordingly, or consign some fruit to relieve
the market should there be a glut. As a
matter of fact we are usually a week or
more behind on orders for canning, and so
are the grocers, but we try to take care of
the retail trade in berries or small baskets
of peaches at all times, so customers will
not be disappointed. The consumer is satis¬
fied, for he is sure of a steady supply of
fresh fruit delivered at his door at any
time. The grocer is satisfied, for he can
supply his customers at all times and thus
hold or gain trade in other things, and he
is not worried about buying, or having fruit
spoil on his hands. We are satisfied, for we
are getting 90 per cent of the consumer’s
price, and the demand is growing faster
than the supply though we are increasing
our acreage yearly.
Michigan. s. B. haktman.
When you write advertisers mention Thh
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee
WALT E R A.
ytt> c
A pair of ordinary
farm horses can pull an
Admiral Mower
ten hours a day with ease
in any grass.
The float mg frame and genuine
under-draft found only in the Ad¬
miral, save the team all strength¬
sapping neck-weight and vibration
and give a cutting- power •which
prevents any need of
“hanging up” in thick
grass. Send for our
c TP7T
TtSttHRAWOtti
impIf.M.nw
*-V . /», TL* r«rn\ ’
which explains the many
features of the Admiral
Mower that make it the
"King of the Hay Field.’
There are 95 illustrations in this big
catalog, showing plainly every impor¬
tant feature and working part of all our
machines. Every progressive farmer
will be intensely interested in this boob
and should have a copy of it. tour
copy will be sent as soon as you let us
have your Waltep A Wood M. &
R. M. Co.
A
name and
address on
a postal.
5end today
Hoosick Falls, N.Y.
Box 231
WRITE to-day for free pamphlet and
prices on finely ground phosphate rock,
the cheapest and best of all phosphate fer¬
tilizers. W. J, Embry G) Co., Columbia, Term.
Clark’s “ Cutaways” Conquer Cultural Conditions
THE important problem of getting the
most from the soil is solved by the use
of Clark’s “Cutaway” Tools. Users
report that crops of grain, corn, fruit and vege¬
tables are increased from 25 % to 50 % by this
better method of working the soil.
“ Cutaway ” tools convert woodland
into orchards at little expense; reduce bush
and bog lands to grain and fruit lands quickly.
“Cutaways” have made “dry farming
profitable. They have lifted mortgages and
swelled bank accounts in many parts of the
world.
“ CUTAWAYS”
Work Soil Correctly
They run lighter and do much better
work than the old mould-board plows and
drag harrows. They lift, turn, twist, break
and aerate the soil; let in air, sunshine and
new life; kill foul vegetation. “Cutaway”
disks make perfect connections with the sub¬
soil, so that the surface soil holds needed
moisture. Result — better crops.
Double Action
“ Cutaway ” Harrow
Clark’s Double-Action Harrow does the
work of two single-action harrows run
in tandem, does it
better, and with
1 5 % less draft. The
rear disks work in
between the for¬
ward disks, cutting
CUTS
THE501L
STWlCEfi
up all the ground at one operation and ltaving
a perfect seed bed. _ ,
CLARK’S
Genuine “ Cutaway ” Disks
We make our own
disks from the raw ma¬
terial, by special pro¬
cess, of be.ter quality
steel than generally used
in disk:. Will do harder,
better work than ordi¬
nary disks, and ie.:t r .vch longer.
Increase Your Profits !
Start Now !
You need one or more of the 75 styles
and sizes of “Cutaway” tools, They are
used and endorsed by planters, farmers, or-
chardists and gardeners everywhere. “Cut¬
aways ” increase crops, decrease labor and
insure bigger profits. Write to-day for our
new book “ Intensive Cultivation.” It is to
your interest to read this book.
“CUTAWAYS”
Orchard Cultivation
T H E
Cotaway Harrow Co.
839 Main Street
Higganum, - Conn.
For _ _
Clark’s Reversible “ Cutaway ” Harrows
are made in many sizes with extension heads
for orchard work, to extend under low limbs
of trees. Frequent cultivation is the secret
of big fruit crops. “Cutaways slice, stir,
lift, wist and aerate the soil. No orchardist
o'." itford to be without them.
‘ ‘ CUTAWAYS ”
For Garden Culture
Several styles of
“Cutaway” tools
are made especially
for market garden
work. These tools,
including our Grading and Smoothing Harrow,
have a world-wide reputation. They are
made for one and two horses.
Creating Grain Fields 6 Orchards
from Bush and Bog Lands
Clark’s “ Cutaway ” Reversible Bush
and Bog Plow is made strong enough to
cultivate newly cleared
timber lands, and to plow
and cultivate bush, hog,
and stump land cheaply.
Is sure death to any bush,
rose or plant that grows. This plow has
accomplished wonders in the past 15 years.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
YOUR CHANCE
To Save Money and
Make Money Has Come
to You at Last
203
The Cream Separator
Youve Waited For
When you buy a Cream Separator you
want a machine that guarantees skim¬
ming to a trace; which cleans easily;
which may be operated with so little
effort that a child may run it: which is
so carefully built that it will last prac¬
tically a life-time, and a machine which
is sold to you at a price which you can
easily afford to pay.
The Macy Cream Separator will
fill every requirement. Thousands of
dairy farmers throughout the United
States are now using this splendid
machine. It has been manufactured
and sold for the past five years, and it
is rapidly displacing the widely adver¬
tised Cream Separators sold at two
and three times its price.
We want you to get our story. We
want you to know the Macy Cream
Separator. It will add from $15.00 to
$20.00 per cow per annum to your pro¬
fits. It will pay for itself in just a few
months, and give you better service and
more lasting service than any other
Cream Separator manufactured.
Do not be misled by the claims
made on behalf of other Cream Sepa¬
rators. Do not be influenced by the
sneers and insinuations of the manu¬
facturers of the old style Cream Sepa¬
rators who are constantly attacking
those manufacturers and dealers who
are selling more up-to-date machines.
Learn the Truth
Investigate for yourself. American
Farm Folk are the most intelligent
citizenship we have, The farmer thinks
for himself; he reaches his own con¬
clusions. and then he acts. All that we
want you to do is to get our proposi¬
tion, We will leave all the rest of it to
you. We will send the Macy Cream
Separator to your farm to be tested by
you-to try out in competition with any
other Cream Separator manufactured;
none of them are barred. We want
you to run the Macy beside the other
Cream Separators. Try it on hot or
cold milk: test it for butter fat; test it
for easy turning; for easy cleaning;
submit it to any test that you may
think of or the agent of any other
Cream Separator may suggest. Sub-
mit it to these tests for 30 days, and
if at the end of that time the Macy has
not demonstrated that it is the best
Cream Separator from the standpoint
of skimming efficiency, easv running
easy cleaning, simplicity and durability
and return it to us, at our expense of
transportation charges both ways.
We Want to Send You
our Cream Separator offer. We want
to tell you how you can save one-half
or two-thirds on your Cream Separator.
We want to tell you how to add from
$15.00 to $20.00 per cow to your income,
vv e want to tell how to get morecream
and better cream from your herd than
you have been getting in the past
Just write us a letter or a postal card
to-day saying, "Please send me your
Cream Separator proposition.” and we
will send it free and postpaid.
A»k for Separator Offer No. 7801
R. H. Macy’s Attractions are their Low Prices
34th St. and Broadway, New York
STAR
SAVES
WHEELBARROW II , Jlnoft
SEEDER 11 ^\AK) and
Bows evenly. No need SEED
to wait for quiet day.
Bows Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Millet, Turnip, etc.
Two sizes: 14 ft. and 18 ft. Auger feed. Wood frame. Satii-
ftwtton guaranteed, prompt shipment. If your dealer
does not handle the “STAIt” write us for booklet.
STAR SEEDER CO., Box R, Shortsville, N. Y.
MI
New- York exchange price $1.S1 per 40-
quart ean, netting .‘5% cents to shipper in
26-eent zone who have no additional sta¬
tion charges.
According to the latest returns, the New
York City district consumes 1,834,000
quarts of milk and cream eveiy day. This
is about 100,000 quarts a day more than
last year ; and since the average daily per
capita consumption is reckoned at a third
of a quart, this indicates an annual growth
of 300,000 in the population of the “metro¬
politan district” — which territory includes
Newark, Paterson, Jersey City, Yonkers
aud the nearer suburbs, in addition to New
York City itself.
No milk is wholesaled in this locality.
Tn Russellville it is retailed at five cents
a quart. In Georgetown, the county scat,
it is worth six cents; most of the milk is
taken to one creamery and the farmers re¬
ceive Elgin prices for the butter fat. The
creamery, pays for the hauling of the milk.
Some milk is separated by the farmers,
and the cream is shipped to Cincinnati, a
distance of 45 miles. The Tri-State But¬
ter Co, pays Elgin prices and the freight.
Co.:nti„ butter is bringing from 14 to 20
cents in the local market. Eggs, 15 to 20
cents; corn, about 65 cents; wheat, 90
cents; hay, $12 per ton; good horses, $150
to $300 ; good cows, about $50. a. j. h.
Russellville, O.
In Cincinnati, the French-Beaur Company
handles most of -the milk. They pay whole¬
sale about 17 cents a gallon, and deliver
from their own wagons in the city at about
eight, cents a quart, the milk coming in to
the city every morning on different railroad
cars, and they make and deliver a vast
quantity of ice cream. The suburban towns
arc supplied with milk mostly by local
dairymen and farmers at eight cents a
quart. Eggs and poultry of ail kinds find a
ready sale, here at good prices, being near
a large city. I am located seven miles
from tlie center of Cincinnati, and am most¬
ly engaged in growing fancy fruit, for which
there is a good demand at all times.
Madisonville, O. ,t. c.
Very few farmers in this immediate j
vicinity have a dairy in connection with J
their farms, lint nearer tin1 city (Cincin¬
nati) they peddle their milk at seven to
eight cents per quart; shippers get from
11 to 12 cents net per gallon. The surplus
butter the farmers have is either sold to
private customers at 30 cents a pound the
year round, or take it to the store and get
20 cents in Summer and 30 cents in Win¬
ter. and they sell on a margin of five cents
per pound. All poultry is sold alive;
priee ranges from 12 to 15 cents for hens,
and two to four cents higher for Spring
chickens ; retail price, dressed, in Cincin¬
nati. 22 to 25 cents for hens, and 25 to
30 cents a pound for Spring chickens, ducks,
turkeys and geese on same basis, h. e. s.
Sharon villa, O.
MILK IN MASSACHUSETTS.
The price received for milk shipped to
Boston varies according to distance. The
first or nearest zone receives the highest
price ; the second of 20 to 40 miles receives
one cent a ean less, and so on, the price
decreasing the further away from Boston
you go. Under the recent freight rates
filed with the Interstate Commerce Commis¬
sion at Washington, the cost of transporta¬
tion is -as follows: Tn the one to 20 mile
zone, two cents per 8% quart can; 21 to
40 miles, three cents ; 41 to 60 miles, four
cents; 61 to 100 miles, five cents; over 100
miles, six cents. This rate I understand is
without icing, one-half cent per can is
charged for icing. The above rates include
baggage car shipments, .which are not iced.
Most of the Boston milk is bought under
contract. One exception to this is the Aldon
Brothers, who pay a level price during the
season and take whatever amount is sent
them at any time. Their priee, however, is
less than that paid by the other contrac¬
tors. The Deerfoot Company pay the high¬
est price and probably are the most partic¬
ular in regard to dairv conditions, care of
cows, etc.. They grade the supply sent
them thus ; A dairy can send as many cans
each month during the year as it sends dur¬
ing. the months of November and December,
which are considered the short milk months.
Thus, if 10 cans a day, or 300 cans a month
are sent in these months, this amount or
less can be sent during the rest of the year,
but not more without special consent. If
only two cans a day, or 60 cans a month
are sent in these months, no more than this
ean be sent in* the other months. The C.
Brigham Company and the Whitings, which
are both controlled by the same men, have
a different plan. They contract for a cer¬
tain number of months, usually six, to re¬
ceive a certain amount of milk each month
for the term of contract, tint they give a
certain leeway ; thus if a farmer signs a
contract to send five cans a day, which
means 150 cans in a 30-day month, he can
send not less than 132 nor more than 168
in that month and receive the regular price
for that month. If he sends some month
when milk is plenty over the 168 cans, he
gets one cent a can less than the regular
price for that month for every can he sends
in that month. If he sends over 179 cans
he gets two cents each can less, and so on
according to what extra amount he sends.
If on the other hand milk is short some
month, and he sends less than 132 cans, he
gets cut in the same proportion, according
to how short an amount he sends. If when
milk is short ho sends over the 168 cans,
the contractor takes all he sends and pays
the regular price for that month, hut no
bonus. If when milk is very plentiful he
sends a small supply, or loss than he agreed
to, it is all right, he gets the regular price.
These firms also grade the price for the
six months, or whatever the length of con¬
tract may be. They may agree to pay 37
cents a can as the average price for the
term of contract. Take the months of Sep¬
tember to April for example : For Novem¬
ber and December, the short supply months,
they will pay 39 and 40 cents respectively ;
for October and January, 88; February, 37;
March 36, and April, 35. This works to
their advantage, as they pay the highest
when they receive the least, and pay the
lowest when they receive the most milk.
Strictly first class cows are not often
found for sale in Massachusetts, and when
they are some one gets them very soon.
Massachusetts. e. p.
Continental BINDER
The reputation and popularity of the JOHNSTON Binder is the result of the
many good, reliable features which proclaim its individuality, its meritorious con¬
struction, and its durability. The JOHNSTON Binder is all that a binder should
be— light, yet strong-built almost entirely of steel. It is simply con¬
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all kinds of soil and grain. Built in several sizes, with or without
tongue truck.
Farmers experience great satisfaction in owning JOHNSTON ma¬
chines because they are built along Quality lines, are durahle and eco¬
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JOHNSTON machines have been used on two hemispheres for over
half a century. They have won the farmer’s confidence and arc keeping
that confidence. A wonderful record.
The JOHNSTON line includes Grain Binders, Reapers,
1911 CATALOG C°rn Binders’ lowers. Rakes, Tedders, Manure Spreaders.
Spring and Spike Tooth Harrows, Side-Delivery Rakes, Hay
Loaders, Disc and Orchard Harrows, and Land Rollers.
If you are interested in getting a machine that will give you many years of
good, faithful work, buy a JOHNSTON-and be sure of results. Send for our
new 1911 Catalog, which is profusely illustrated and goes into detail about JOHNSTON Quality
machines. We also issue a separate book on each machine. All literature sent free.
ADDRESS BOX I00-B
^THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER GO., Batavia, N. Y.
I YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
Jfree. Grand Rapii>s Veterinary
| College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
PATENTS START FACTORIES
(PATENT SECURED OR
' FEE RETURNED
Start right. Free Hook— How toobtain, finance
and promote patents. Send sketch, free search.
FARNHAM & SUES, Pat. Attys., Ad.36. Washington, O.C.
HELD
trusted
“ Pittsburgh Perfect”
Wire Fencing is best all through.
TI4I7 dcct T^e w*re drawn from a special quality of open
W/IDF hearth material tough, pliable, strong, long lived
WIKI!. like old-time iron wire. It is the finest fencing
wire possible to manufacture.
Galvanizing Heavily galvanized by our own new and perfect
Perfect process, the wire is positively moisture - proof.
The fact that
All Stay Wires and Line Wires are Electrically Welded
not only eliminates the weakening and THE WELD
moisture- gathering wraps, clamps
and ties, but practically transforms
the fence into one piece of perfor¬
ated steel. — -
XT ii T nr- Sectional view — Amalgamation perfect. No seam
Wo Waste Wire There is no waste wire to make useless weight;
xiw . . jnstead, heavier wire is used and all the weight
Wo Waste Weight is fence. Stay wires being of the same size as
line wires, the
“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence is the Strongest in the World
EVERY ROD GUARANTEED PERFECT
Catalogue showing 73 different styles and sizes, adapted to every purpose— FIELD
FARM, RANCH, LAWN, POULTRY— Sent free on request. Sold by dealers everywhere
PITTSBURGH STEEL CO,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Makers of
Pittsburgh PERFECT brands of Barbed Wire, bright, annealed
and galvanized Wire, Fence Staples, standard Wire Nails and
Pittsburgh PERFECT” Fencing.
I53W*
204
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 4,
The Henyard.
CHEESE-BOX BROODERS.
My article on fireless brooders made
from cheese boxes seems to have at¬
tracted considerable attention, judging by
the number of questions being received
in regard to it, and it is singular what
questions people will ask. One man
wants to know “if the chicks are fed
in the cheese box or in the yard.” He
might as well ask if you feed chicks
while they are under the hen. There
is a nest of hay in the cheese box and
it is more or less dark in there ; they
must be fed and watered in the yard
of course, and the yard should have
sand or fine gravel in it, and cut clover
or Alfalfa to scatter the dry feed in, to
make the chicks scratch. There must
be shelter from rain and wind, either by
putting the cheese boxes under a shed
or in a larger box with lid that can be
lifted to let in the sunshine, and shut
down to keep out rain. Mr. Gammack
uses his old brooders, taking out all the
inside parts, retaining, only the four
sides and the top, and putting the
cheese boxes inside with the little paper
yard attached. The object of the “yard”
is to keep the chicks close to the
brooder, to keep them from straying
away and getting chilled; it also serves
to help force them into the box, for the
paper fence is tacked to the cheese box
at opposite sides just at the outer edge
of the entrance holes, so that the chicks
when they begin to get cold and crowd
into the angle formed by the fence and
the box they crowd themselves through
the entrance holes into the box. In the
regular Philo brooder, a square box
with ait entrance hole in the middle of
one side, it is necessary to push the
chicks in by hand for the first three or
four days, or until they learn to go in
themselves. This can be hastened by
placing a hot-water bag or a hot brick
on top of the blanket under which they
nestle, the smell of the warmth being
an inducement to enter. After they have
learned to go in there will be no further
trouble, they run in and out as they
feel inclined. That strong and healthy
chicks can be raised in this way there
is not doubt whatever.
GEO. A. COSGROVE.
The Poultuyman’s Friend. — That is
what I call the little dog shown in picture.
This little fellow can make about as much
noise as a large dog, very much easier kept,
does not trample new-made garden and
flower beds, as do the larger breeds. I
know this by experience, as my neighbor
keeps a large dog. This little fellow goes
THE HENYARD FRIEND.
with me on my rounds through the poultry
houses, always looking for mice. The liens
are not afraid, as they were brought up
with him. A few days ago he caught the
only rat I have seen about the place for a
year, while my neighbor with the big dog
is over-run with rats. This point of ex¬
cellence 1 consider the most important, as
the rat is the hardest thief to keep out
of the poultry house.
F. M. VAX SYCKLE.
The Village Flock. — A village family
wishes to start a small flock of hens this
Spring, planning to keep about a dozen, for
a home egg supply. They will be closely
yarded. Should they buy mature hens,
young pullets, or baby chicks for a start?
They" a re disposed to buy yearlings, and try
to hatch two settings of eggs in May. What
advice is offered?
R. N.-Y. — Will the back-yard hen men
please answer this from experience? We
should follow the last plan suggested.
To rid a building of hen lice, first take
out all the detachable parts, such as nests
and roosts. Should the building be papered
on the inside, this should be removed. The
Interior of the building should then be
sprayed with lamp oil to which has been
added one-half ounce of carbolic acid to
each quart of oil. See to it that all the
crevices are well sprayed, including those
in the floor and ceiling. f. t. f.
Catching Pigeons. — I would like to know
bow I could trap my common pigeons. They
roost about the barn in different places,
where I cannot get to them to catch them.
I notice they are very fond of rock salt, and
as I keep it in the barnyard for my cows all
the time, the pigeons will come down and
eat salt in flocks. Can some reader suggest
a trap to catch them? I think the rock salt
would make very good bait. At this time of
the year there is not very much for them to
get to eat themselves, only what I feed
them, and I thought they would be more
easily caught now than later on in the
Spring. A. J. A.
Salem, N. J.
Dusting a hen according to the usual
method is not a pleasant procedure. The
bird is held by the legs, head downward,
over an outspread newspaper, and then
the powder is rubbed in among the feath¬
ers all over the body, especial care being
taken to get it in thoroughly along the
neck, under the wings, and about the
vent. The plan works well ■when the hen
koeps quiet, but when she struggles _ and
flaps her wings and envelopes you in a
cloud of insect powder there is apt to be
a severe strain upon the temper. There
is a way to prevent this, when the hen
is tame,* by letting her stand upon the
paper and applying the powder to her
neck and hack while she is in- that posi¬
tion. Then slip the thumb of the left
hand under the left wing and the fingers
under the right wing and grasp the wings
firmly together so that she cannot flap
them. The hen may then be raised up
and held in any position while the powder
is rubbed into the feathers. w. it. F.
“Pullets for eggs and hens for chicks”
is an old saying that has the surest sort
of a foundation. If all poultry keepers
would use the eggs of their pullets for the
table and take only the eggs of mature
birds for hatching purposes there would
not be so many complaints about infertile
eggs in the early Spring. This implies
that the male bird should be mature, also.
The mating of immature cockerels and pul¬
lets is a common cause for infertility. No
cockerel should be allowed to mate until a
vigorous growth of his spurs indicates
that he is fit to become a breeder, and then
his companions should be full-grown hens.
As a rule the strongest chicks result when
both parents are well developed and ma¬
ture. w. r. P.
Let Us Send
You Free
Let us send you free our “ GEARLESS ”
HAY LOADER Booklet.
It is brimful of interest to the farmer w'ho
raises hay, alfalfa or beans.
The “ GEAR LESS” HAY LOADER is built
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than any other Loader on the market is proof
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The- “GEARLESS” is so simple that a boy
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It is wholly free from the many troublesome
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Our Free Booklet will interest you. Write
a postal for it to-day.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS. IL.L.
Why Grow Potatoes.
Simply because they pay. They find
a ready market at good prices and
bring in more revenue per acre — more
net profit — than do many other farm
crops. In all parts of the country where
potatoes are grown as a farm crop, the
Evans Potato Planter, manufactured by
The American Seeding-Machine Co., In¬
corporated, Springfield, Ohio, will be
found in the lead. There must be, and
are good reasons for it. The Evans
does the work right — more accurately
than is possible by hand. It has the
celebrated Evans Adjustable Pickers,
which handle any size seed. One man
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many exclusive features that go to make
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and labor saving devices than any other
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under such a broad and liberal war¬
ranty that purchasers run no risk. Send
to the manufacturers for an Evans Po¬
tato Planter catalogue, read all about it
and then go to your implement dealer
and insist on seeing the Evans.
“©Eil IP ZiilLY
BUYING AHORSE AND-'
SMITH NEEDED A HORSE. HE KNEW LITTLE
ABOUT HORSES, SO BOUGHT ONE OF A “GYP’’
FOR $75.00. HIS “CHEAP” HORSE WENT
TO THE BAD, COST HIM BIG DOCTOR
BUYING
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Pjaspit jSbSMaSyfggysSE- you ncedanengine.and
THEPRG3ABILIT1ESARETHAT,
YOU KNOW VERY LITTLE MORE l
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ALPHA
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2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
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prevent and cure sore shoulders. Save cost!
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Write Today For Our YEAR’S FREETRIAL I
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357 South Third Street
Minneapolis, Minn.
48 IH.F. roif 25c
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Catalog — fences, tools. Buy
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EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 96 W Quincy, 111.
THE SUI
IATCH
Government
Experts t
Farmer’s Bulletin No. 236 on Incubation and
Incubators, issued by the U. S. Dept, of Agriculture describes a
perfect incubator. In so doing it describes the SURE HATCH as
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PRODUCTS
%rs/t>
agfeSSfeigs
Largest ~
Stock Farm ^
Barn in • —
Minnesota.
This building was roofed with
NEPONSET Paroid by the farm
hands themselves.
3S. Five
problem
apples ;
re tired
boiling
now for
1011.
THE RUKAb NEW-YORKER
295
,, ; -.'v
A City Woman’s Farm
Cl L ’i READER, do you ever long1 for a country home, and wonder if with
your family, it would be safe to change? If so, subscribe Now for the
Eakm Journal, and read in the January issue what a Chicago
woman did.
She
years
of sui .
herself
_,For a mouth she rented a ten-acre farm, badly run down, but with house and barn
g? S? JSKffSXSWSK Si""- 1*,U" * r“'"s "™‘ "■ “4 on Thite
With such a load, could a woman possibly succeed ? If so, what could YOU do ?
Now. she writes,
and when we f“
and dirty and
the* pairacegof a* k i ng ',0'1 S Iresn Mr and love to »»t us, 1 wouldn’t change
This story is one of the series, “Hack to the Soil,” now running in the
FARM JOURNAL
Th°y are deeply interesting stories of real experience, by people in various walks of life givine
to Tie* count? y ° S RS t0 l0SS ’tlU galu' aiuI Vl!,-y llelpfnl in deciding-wiiether it is safe for you tomove
Here Are THREE SPLENDID GUIDE BOOKS
which every one should have who thinks of going to the country
“Shall I Karin ?** a most valuable guide, is published by the Farm Journal
. Aii . , ^ present both sides* ami help yon to decide wi^elv Tf ic ah-
Boluteiy impartial and unbiased. It points out the loneliness of country life, die difficulty
of getting help, lack of city conveniences and amusements, as well as its smaller expenses health-
tulness and safety for children, better food and water, etc. It also warns of dangers and swindles
tells how much cash is needed, what it costs to equip a fruit farm, poultry, dairy grain or other
agrkultum et? gover"meilt a”d rail™a'> lands, free maps, farmers’ bulletins*’ free courses in
NO SUCH GUIDE EVER BEFORE PUBLISHED. (See offers below.)
Corning Egg- Book},! the great guide-book for back-ya rd chicken raisers. It tells
n„Vf„ ° ■ .. *low two city men in poor health, with no experience, starting with
*Y> a! p„ 1 11 J°"r ve;uis ilu business, which, with 1953 liens, made one year anaver-
fn0wln?«2^ ,?i6d-4:o yearperhen. these men learned how to make liens lay the, most eggs
why Uiov raised senlv^wlMta «! »!’/ / l;enAs !l dozen. Tllis hook tell how they found the best breed,
ItL Z, i m "W,wiMteiliriW, sterile ees, iow tney keep liens LAVING ALL WINTER,
when they hatch clucks to do their best laying in January how to mix the feed thif orndneeQ
eggs, and how their, whole system works to that one end-egg^ eggs EGGS it gfves photographs
aslieeded Bte worklIlg p ilns of t,leir buildings, which you can* build in sections, large or small
“Garden Gold” !,sac apital hook for all who have back yards or gardens. In these
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groeeiy bills in great shape, and selling your surplus brings in ready money “ G \R1)EN GOLD”
tells just how to plant ami cultivate all vegetahlos.-cleiVr, simple reliable
ANY ONE of these
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and all of 19)2 <3UC.
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lie sure to say plainly which book or books you ivant.
ALL THREE of the
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F ARM JOURNAL ,wry \>m’ who rais.es frJlit’,Te£etables* or poultry as well as horses,
ft tenViii Aew ‘’Cream, net skim milk,” is its m^tfo." Every month
Sr : boys and fspecfal^orfte6^^" bright c& reading
JZ7y\ us^f nT home* paper .rW> ’ » ^k yard, or even a
With any $ I order, if mailed within TEN DAYS of the date of this
^Pmr;,VVf'?:,ll<SendyOUa,SO POOR R'CHARD REVIVED, an Almanac
for 1911, full of wit and wisdom for the rural home.
Address your letter just like this —
FARM JOLItTsATj, - - 130 Clifton Street, Philadelphia
No Saving in First Cost Can Pay a Fractional Part
of the Cost of the First Leak
When it comes to roofing, you need the best — the
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“EVERYTHING FOR DAIRYMEN ALWAYS IN STOCK”
WISNER MA NUFAC TURING COMPANY . 230 GREENWICH ST.
9 NEW/ YORK
I want iooo Farmers who have never
used it to make a Trial Experiment with
Nitrate of Soda
on a small part of a field, on any staple
Crop. It will be a useful demonstration
of the value of titrate as a Fertilizer
when used as a Top Dressing. The Trial
Will Cost You Nothing
Send your name and address on Post
Card for instructions and conditions
Dr. WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director of Propaganda
71 Nassau Street, New York
No Branch Offices
WHICH TEAM
IS YOURS ?
Undipped
Clipped horses are fresh an t full
of life and vigor because they dry-
off quickly at night, rest well and
get all the good from their food.
Every man who considers the
unnatural conditions under which
horses are obliged to live and
work, assists them to better
health by clipping in the spring.
No way has ever been devised for
doing it SO EASILY and QUICK¬
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Stewart
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This machine weighs only 36 lbs.
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Clipped
It has the Famous Stewart
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grade. The gears are all cut from
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It is Guaranteed
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and anyone can run it and do
perfect clipping with it.
GET ONE NOW JUS
or send 82.00 and we will ship
C. O. D. for the balance.
Write for new 1911 catalogue.
DO IT TODAY
Chicago Flexible
Shaft Company
143LaSaIle Ave. Chicago
296
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 4,
HOG PASTURE IN NEW JERSEY.
Prof. John A. Craig states in the pam¬
phlet “Rape as a Forage Crop.'' that 10 hogs
will eat one-third of an acre of rape in
two months. I have moveable hog pens
which I move daily on land 1 wanted to
break up and clear, and I find I have raised
my four hogs very cheaply on refuse garden
truck, sweet corn, etc. 1 also find they
would rather eat weeds than green oats and
peas and turnips. Will they eat rape oil
clean V I propose to seed to rape in pro¬
portion to the number of pigs I have when
they are six weeks old ; also my breeders.
Pens 8x16 feet; eight small (or four large)
hogs in each pen, and move daily, plowing
after the rape is eaten off, planting sweet
corn for market, the pigs to have green
fodder and small ears. My land is good.
What grain should I feed with the rape?
I low would the following plan work out
in central New Jersey/ What other green
forage will hogs eat clean? Space planted
in rape, April 1-15; planted in sweet corn,
June 1-15 ; planted in wheat, September
15. Next plot planted in rape, April 15-80;
planted in sweet corn, June 15-80; Yellow
Stone turnips and clover, August 15-20.
Next planted in rape, May 1-15; Succession
cabbage, July 1-15; rye, November 1; rape
May 15-80, followed by turnips and clover,
July 15-30. K. Thomas.
New Jersey.
The experience of your correspondent
is in accordance with the result of ex¬
periment work at this station regarding
the use of forage crop mixtures for
swine. The remarkably high prices that
bred sows are bringing at public sales,
together with the continued high values
of dressed pork, bring the question of
swine production before 4-h£ eyes of
progressive farmers in a new light. The
live stock farmers in the West have
long since realized the importance and
profit of giving their swine comparative¬
ly liberal runs in hog-tight pasture
fields, maintaining that corn and clover
supplemented with middlings and a
sprinkle of tankage supplies a most econ¬
omical source of feeding swine with
profit. The eastern farmer on the other
hand has looked to his pigs more as a
by-product or a means of disposing of
the garbage and other refuse products
on the farm; and has furnished them
neither pasture land nor sanitary quar¬
ters. If the milkless cow is a reality
in the corn belt, then surely the pasture¬
less pig is with us in the Hast ; and with
pork selling at from 12 to 15 cents per
pound, dressed weight, the Jersey farmer
is certainly on the right track when he
turns his attention to economical hog
production. In the absence of perma¬
nent grass pasture, I would suggest the
following mixture per acre : One bushel
of oats, one bushel of Canada field
peas, one peck of barley, 20 pounds of
Dwarf Essex rape, 10 pounds Red
clover. The same seeded on relatively
high productive ground, and seeded pre¬
ferably during early April. If more
than two acres are seeded on the same
farm, it would be good judgment to
make successive plantings, using the
same mixture and planting the second
area during the latter part of April or
the first of May. The oats, Canada
field peas and barley should be mixed
together and seeded with an ordinary
grain drill, and the rape and clover
mixed and broadcast either by means of
a wheelbarrow seeder or by hand. If
the oats and peas are not pastured close
during the season a sufficient quantity
of the oats will go to seed, and make
additional Fall feed. The rape if it is
not pastured during wet weather will
last throughout the Summer season, and
a surprisingly large amount of feed can
be supplied in this way. By all means
arrangements should be completed such
as will enable the swine to be kept off
the field during exceedingly wet weather,
for they will waste a considerable
amount of forage if they are permitted
to roam at leisure when the ground is
soft. The suggestion that your corre¬
spondent makes in regard to the use of
small portable pens 8x18 seems to me
rather impractical, for it is the practice
of swine when closely confined, to waste
and mess up a large amount of forage,
and in my judgment the areas mid
be increased even though the p> re
moved from day to day. _ The rot .tion
of sweet corn followed with wheat and
vetch after rape is a very good one, and
the mixture that he suggested will sup¬
ply him a large amount of green forage.
I would suggest, however, the use of
Winter vetch with both the wheat, tur¬
nips, clover and rye in his last seeding,
and if the rape is pastured short, and
does not show evidence of supplying
additional feed for the Fall, I would
disk the ground and re-seed with a mix¬
ture of one bushel of rye or wheat, 25
pounds of Winter vetch, eight pounds of
Crimson clover per acre.
In addition to the green forage that
the swine have access to during these
periods, increased gains could be econ¬
omically gained by feeding as a thick
mixed slop the following mixture : Eight
parts of cornmeal, two parts wheat mid¬
dlings, one part digester tankage. Fed
twice a day after the animals have. ac¬
quired the bulk of their growth, if it is
the desire of the owner to fatten them
quickly and economically. Shelter
should be provided during the warm
weather, as it is extremely expensive to
permit brood sows or fattening barrows
to be exposed to the penetrating rays
of the sun during the heat of the day.
A cool shady retreat will result in ad¬
ditional gains during this season of the
year. During the Fall season, say be¬
ginning with the first of September,
green corn, cabbage and root crops sup¬
ply additional forage, but the latter are
inclined to be rather bulky for use with
fattening swine. They do very well for
brood sows and store hogs, but barrows
or brood sows that are being fattened
for market should be fed liberal quan¬
tities of rather concentrated feeds.
Swine growers should remember that
the most inexpensive gains are made with
young hogs ; the result of liberal feeding
throughout their growing and fattening
periods. Second, early maturity and
quality are the two factors that govern
high dressing percentages; and third, the
grower must watch the demands of the
market and supply prime pork of the
right weight and degree of fatness if
he is to expect the highest local prices
for his product.
FREDERICK C. MINKLER.
New Jersey Exp. Static/ti.
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You Need Never
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There is a Roofing for your bam— that will never
wear out~ one that will last a hundred years.
It isn’t an artificial roofing: — yettho quality and durability of
#// artificial preparations are measured by it • It is not
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in Winter — never cracks, splits, blisters, warps or cracks. It is
the ono roofing that never needs paint or frequent
repairs — tlio only kind you can depond upon.
Sea Green and Purple
Roofing State
is used wherever absolute durability — long service and satisfaction
is demanded. Look around and you will find it on the roofs of
the best-built homes, barns, schools, churches, privato and
public buildings of all kinds — not because it is cheaper, (as it is )
but because it is absolutely dependable, satisfac¬
tory and will not attract lightning.
When you build or order a now roof of any kind — specify that
Sea Green or Purple Slate bo used and save money,
all future trouble, and eliminate all fire and spark risks besides.
Send for Free Booklet “ Roofs 99
Containing sixteen pages of specific, practical, timely and help¬
ful hints that will save you money in the final selection of a now
roofing for any building on your farm. Simply sign and mail the
coupon below and we will send your copy by return mallm
The American Sea Green Siate Co.
(Roofs that never wear out)
110 Clark Street, Cranvlle, N. Y.
i •■«•■« « ’Sign and Mail This Coupon Today*m*amnmm*f
Tlio American Sea Crecn Slate Co.,
HO Clark Street, Granville, N.Y. J
Send tho Book “Roofs” and name of the nearest dealer in ■
Koofing Slate to this address:
Name . .
Address . .
Town . .
Style Iioof .
A ppi ’oxi ma te Size .
.State.
(.•st
Write for FREE BOOKS, SAMPLES anti
WHOLESALE-RATE PRICES
The tremendous demand for Gordon-Van Tine Guaranteed
Roofing has cut the cost of manufacture and enables us to make
another big cut in prices. We now offer the World’s Most Durable
Roofing, in any quantity desired, at the lowest wholesale rate.
We undersell any other concern and give double value in durability .
Flint-Coated— Fire-Resisting— Weather-Proof
Our Guaranteed Roofing is made of Long-Fibre Wool Felt, waterproofed
and toughened with Genuine Asphalt. Itmakes thecheapest
and most durable roofs for all classes of farm buildings.
Keeps out cold and dampness. Fire-resisting, storm¬
proof, vermin-proof and guaranteed from five to ten
years according to weight. Roofing Nails, Can of
Cement and Instructions, in every roll. Write
for FREE Samples, Roof Book and Wholesale
Prices today and save big money.
Investigate the Wonders of
Bishopric Wall Board
The Universal Substitute for Lath and Plaster
This wonderful substitute for lath and plaster comes in sheets, ready
to nail on the studding. Makes cheapest and best wall. Cheaper by
half than lath and plaster. Anybody can put it on. Stands pressure
of soo pounds to the square inch. ...
indestructible, beautiful, economical, clean and satisfactory.
Qnicklv applied— no muss, no fuss! Waterproof, rntproof. Nosnggingl
No dirt! Makes houses warmer in winter and cooler in summer.
Write for full particulars and extraordinarily low prices.
Corrugated Steel Roofs
We undersell everybody on Metnl Roofing (painted or galvanized). If inter-
ted. write for prices on Old Honest Two-V-Crimped Steel Roofing or
Best Pressed Corrugated Steel Roofing and Siding, Steel Ridge Roll, etc.
We are headquarters for Tar Felt Building Paper, Shingles and Building
Material of every kind. Ask forOrand Free Catalog of 5,000 Bargains in sash,
doors, lumber and millwork. Don't fail to send for Free Book, samples and
wholesale prices on “Guaranteed Hoofing” while the groat sale is on. (98)
CORDON-VAN TiNE C0.f 2323 Case Street, DAVENPORT, IOWA
33 YEARS OF SUCCESS
m M m. m m m
ROLLER-BEARINGy^
LIGHT DRAFT ^
Get
Our
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Free
SUCCESS SPREADER
The only spreader with a 33-year record of good work. Simplicity, Durability
and Light Draft always foremost. Direct Chain Drive. No Cog Gears. The
choice of men who investigate thoroughly. Wood or metal wheels. A.generation
of experience back of every Success. The leader from the first. Exclusive features
all patented. Catalog of facts Free. Write us promptly.
Kemp & Burpee Company, Syracuse, N. Y.
THE GROWING SEASON IS SO SHORT
You must give your crops the plant food they need in its most available form.
Swift’s Animal Fertilizers do even more than this — they build up the soil for future
crops. Made from animal products — Bone, Meat and Blood, with high grade Potash
— they supply crop nourishment in a*concentrated and predigested form.
“ I planted 5 acres of corn this sea¬
son, having bought your fertilizers
through your agent in our town. I
used 450 lbs. of Swift’s Special Fertil¬
izer to the acre, and notwithstanding
the season was very dry, I harvested
the biggest crop I ever raised. It was
immensely thick and well eared, giv¬
ing me GOO bushels of ears.”
H. H. BROOKS, Ashby, Mass.
Dover, Me., Sept., 1910.
“ This is to certify that in the fall of
1908 I broke up 8 acres of land that
did not raise over G tons of hay.which
I planted to potatoes in 1909, using
1900 lbs. of your Potato Phosphate
to the acre, and I harvested 250 bush¬
els of potatoes per acre in 1910. I
used 300 lbs. per acre and I raised 625
bushels of oats on the 8 acres.”
Mr. LOUIS PBRKAULT.
You can use them with or without manure; they are made for any soil and all crops.
See our local agent, for full particulars, and write us direct for our free Pocket Hand¬
book of valuable Crop Information.
IVe have some towns open for good local agents.
SWIFT’S LOWELL FERTILIZER CO., 40 North Market St., Boston.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Keeps silage better and doors are much
handier to use and enter. All wood parts
below roof NOW DIPPED IN PL'RE
CREOSOTE, preserving the wood from
rot and silo needs no painting.
Will Last A Life Time
OUR PATENTED DOORS
Have THREE BEAR¬
INGS ON ALL FOUR
SIDES of each door like
a refrigerator or safe
door. Silage will keep
perfectly around the
door as in all other
places.
STAVE ENDS AND JOINTS
It would be quite impossible to get as
good joints in any home made silo and
few if any others tise as thick or as wide
steel for end splines. Green Mountain
joints are made right.
THE STRONG HOOPS
Space too small to explain in detail, but
Green Mountain Steel -Hoops will never :
break at the thread or elsewhere.
Other Exclusive features are explained
in catalogue, a fine free book ; ask for it.
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO,
338 WEST STREET, RUTLAND, VERMONT
: 1 • • PAY-ENtEP- AUG- GT±ii90l
I. I i. Ir
Continuous-Opening, Braced
Door - Frame, Permanent
Ladder, Interchangeable
Doors, Lightest and
Tightest Doors.
Strongest Hoops,
Best Materials,
Three Styles, Five
kinds of Lum¬
ber, a hundred
other advan¬
tages. All
described
Our
Silo
Catalog
contains
the latest
Information
about Silos.
We Invented
the Modem Silo
and have led the
way in improve¬
ments. We offer the
largest variety of
styles and sizes. Send
for our catalog of Silos
and Silo Fillers. “The
kind Uncle Sam uses.’’
Harder Mfg. Company
BOX I I COBLESKILL, N.
in
our
Cata¬
log.
FREE TO FARMERS
160- page book entitled
“SILO PROFITS”
Written by 200 of the most successful
Feeders, farmers and Dairymen In
the World. Every farmer In
America should read this book, and
as long as our supply of these books
laBt we will mall one copy free to
each person asking for It. It gives
the actual experience of these farm¬
er® and 1b their own words.
Our Factories are located at An¬
derson, Ind., DesMoines, Iowa, and .
Kansas City, Write NOW O 1
Missouri. for this book OllO JtnrOtllS
o.o INDIANA SILO COMPANY
318 Union Building, Anderson, Indiana
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length 6tave.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes wintor feed equal to June
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
will save you money. Agents wanted.
The E. W. Ross Co.(Est.ia50)
Box 13 SPKLNGFIELD. OHIO
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoop-
continuous open-door front — air-tight door and per¬
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. Th*
International 81I« 113 Main 8t.. Linear!!!*, ,7*.
THE UNADiLLA SILO
THE SENSATION OF THE
AGRICULTURAL WORLD.
Write for our “TWENTY-
FIVE REASONS” why it is in
a class by itself.
We also manufacture Farm
Water Tubs and are New Eng¬
land representatives for Papec
Cutters and are in position to
quote low prices upon receipt of
inquiry. Extra discount for
early orders. Agents wanted.
THE UNADILLA SILO CO., Inc., Box B, Unadiila, N. Y
CURING A KICKING COW.
The illustration shown herewith is a
capital device for a kicking cow. Put a
three-fourths-inch rope around cow as
shown, twist tight enough to be uncom¬
fortable; be sure to place rope back of
207
HOBBLING THE COW.
hip bones. If she still is inclined to kick
give her a long tie rope and when she
kicks just push her over the pole. This
will take all the conceit out of the worst
cow. The kicking rope must be re¬
moved in order to let her get up.
T. L. M.
THE RETAILER’S PROFIT ON SHEEP.
The Somerset and Franklin Sheep Breed¬
ers’ Association laid plans for some far-
reaching changes in the industry, when the
executive committee met in Skowhegan re¬
cently. Instead of allowing the beef trust
and the live stock dealers to absorb -more
than a fair profit, the sheep men propose
to get out on the warpath, and go right
after the consumer’s dollar themselves.
Maine is dotted with Summer hotels and
boarding houses, to say nothing of the
less pretentious fishing and hunting
camps. Thousands of lamb carcasses find
a ready market upon the dining tables of
these establishments every year, yet the
sheep raisers have benefited but little from
It. Custom has decreed that the animals
must first bo sold alive to some buyer
When a carload has been thus accumulated
they are shipped to Brighton market and
sold again. Then they go to the slaugh¬
ter house, and after passing through the
hands of an indefinite number of middle¬
men, find their way back into Maine. E.
E. Gifford, president of the Sheep Breed¬
ers’ Association, has been studying this
traffic for some time past, and finally came
to the conclusion that there was a way
out. lie saw that the orders for lambs
were all filled by way of Boston, because
the supply was concentrated there, and
buyers could be sure of getting what they
needed and when they needed it. The
first step then, in approaching the con¬
sumer, was to be able to assure him as to
the available supply. This part of the
problem was taken up at the committee
meeting and it was decided first to take
a census of the stock available. Blanks
are in preparation which will be sent to
every member of the association, calling
for the following information : The num¬
ber of lambs expected during the coming
season ; the number that will probably be
available for market; the date at which
the earliest may be ready for slaughter;
the facilities available for slaughtering
and placing in cold storage.
As soon as these returns are all In,
President Gifford will proceed to get In
communication with the hotel stewards,
etc., and arrange for delivery of the lambs
at such times and in such quantities as
the buyers may desire. Preference will be
given to those establishments that call for
the larger quantities, In order to save as
much as possible on the express charges.
The result of this change will be to save
to the producer a much larger share of the
consumer’s dollar than he has ever before
had the pleasure of looking upon. Mr.
Gifford figures that it will make a differ¬
ence of about .$2 per head on the average-
sized lambs, reckoning a cut of 10 per
cent below market prices to the consumer
as an inducement to get business. This
plan in operation for one or two years,
will work wonders with the sheep industry.
Instead of prices but a shade above the
cost (of production, this elimination of
the middleman will bring returns that will
make the business boom. No other branch
of stock husbandry offers the same oppor¬
tunity, because it is the splendid retail
market that is at the bottom of the whole
thing. The officers of the association are
rather in hopes that some one of the
larger Summer hotels may arrange to take
the entire output. This would simplify the
management considerably, and make easier
both the slaughtering and the shipping.
Every precaution will be taken to hold
the quality up to the top notch, so that
as the supply increases, the market will
more than keep pace with it.
Somerset Co., Me. john e. tatlob.
House Drainage. — I am very much Inter¬
ested in your articles on house drainage,
knowing this to be a vital question in rural
homes. I would like to know if others are
using a homemade system similar to the
one described in the issue of September 10,
1910. I know, of course, there are patented
systems and plans for sale, but they are
very expensive. g. w. d.
Washington, Mich.
Guaranteed for 15 Years —
No More Roof Expense
When you use Dickelman Extra — your roof troubles are over. Our 15-year guaranty _
stamped on every roll — and given to you in black and white protects you absolutely It
simply means that you will have no more roof expense— no more roof troubles— for at
least 15 years after the date you purchase. Most
likely you will never have to roof the same building
again.
DICKELMAN EXTRA
Galvanized Metal Roofing
We guarantee it for 15 years, but know it will last twice that long.
We know that our roofing which was put up 25 years ago is still in excellent
condition — and should last 25 years longer. We do not simply tell you or promise
you our roofing will last for 15 years —we guarantee it. Ask your dealer about
DICKELMAN EXTRA. If he doesn’t sell it, write us at once for sample and
our valuable roofing book — sent prepaid. Know we can our roofing
for 15 years while others make vague promises that mean nothing.
The secret of the durability of Dickelman Extra lies in the wonderful system
of galvanizing — and the high quality of the materials used. The metal sheet we
use fora base is made by a special process which leaves it tough — yet pliable
and open-grained. So the galvanizing material fills up the "pores” — and actu¬
ally becomes a part of the finished sheet. This prevents it from cracking _
" .scaling— wearing or rusting off.
I
The Dickelman
Manufacturing Co.
62 Gormley St.
FOREST. OHIO
Send
Now for
Sample
Get our book—
and sample, so
you can test it
to know for
yourself its su¬
periority.
Edwards Interlocking
“Reo" Steel Shingles
" Last a Lifetime A
They are stamped
In best Bessemer
Steel and come in
sheets 5 to 12 feet
long and 24 inches
wide, either paint¬
ed or galvanized.
Will not rust or
corrode. The
v w <. x V V4 V • A 11 C
nails are covered by our patent interlocking
feature which prevents leaking, etc.
Reo Steel Shingles are easily put on any
roof. Hammer and nails only tools needed.
$10,000 Guarantee Bond
Perfect protection against fire, and are ab¬
solutely guaranteed by us in a 510,000 bond
as proof against lightning.
Will outwear wood or composition roofs
and cannot be distinguished from best cut
wood or slate shingles.
Get Manufacturer’s Bargain Prices
We are largest manufacturers of all kinds
of iron and steel roofing: and can Quote you
lowest prices.
Send for Our Free Catalog No. 373
It contains valuable information you
should have before you put on that roof.
Send dimensions of your building and we will
quote cost of a Reo Steel Shingle roof
delivered to your railroad station.
We want one representative in every com¬
munity to demonstrate and take orders for
Edwards Interlocking Reo Steel Shingles.
Write us today— now! (40)
THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING COMPANY
323-373 Lock Street, CINCINNATI, OHIO
ECONOMY SILO
Our simple yet perfect-fitting doors,
forming air-tight silo, entirely pre¬
vent possibility of ensilage spoiling.
Quick, easy adjustment without
QuicS . _
hammer or wreucli. Free access.
Every silo easy to erect. Seasoned
white pine or cypress staves. Refined
iron hoops form easy ladder.
Write for free catalogue with proof
of our claims from delighted users.
ECONOMY SILO & MFC. CO.,
Box 38-J Frederick, Md.
Cultivating Methods.
There is no denying the fact that
methods of cultivating vary. Some
farmers cultivate shallow and others
deep. Of course, much depends upon
soil conditions. But there is one thing
certain, and that is that the cultivation
should be thorough and the weeds kept
down. It is also a fact that soil condi¬
tions and the “lay of the land” has
forced cultivator manufacturers to build
many types of machines. One of the
most complete lines of cultivators on the
market is the Buckeye, manufactured
by The American Seeding-Machine Co.,
Incorporated, Springfield, Ohio, and the
farmer can get any style he needs—
Buckeye Adjustable Arch Walking Culti¬
vators with rigid or parallel spring
shovel beams, Buckeye Sunbeam Walk¬
ers with adjustable arch and spring
teeth or with side harrow attachment,
Buckeye Sunbeam Adjustable Arch Bal¬
anced Frame Walkers, Buckeye Dodger
Pivot Axle Riding Disc Cultivators,
which are the best hillside disc cultiva¬
tors on the market; Easy Buckeye Rid-
ing Cultivators with pin or spring shovels,
Buckeye Pivot Axle Riding Cultivators
equipped with long or short axles, hav¬
ing four, six or eight-spring trip, rr pin-
break shovels, or spring-teeth beams,
with ten spring teeth, acknowledged to
be king of all shovel cultivators; Buck¬
eye Hammock Seat Cultivators in all
styles and sizes; the new Buckeye Nar¬
row Row that has such great latitude
as to width of adjustment that it will
take care of any narrow-row crop and
the wide row as well. Parties who con¬
template the purchase of a cultivator
should send to The American Seeding-
Machine Co., Incorporated, Springfield,
Ohio, for their cultivator pamphlets, and
then go. to their local implement dealer
and insist on seeing the Buckeye. Re¬
member that these tools are sold under
a warranty that amply protects the pur¬
chaser — a guarantee that no manufac¬
ture’* would dare to make unless his
gr were absolutely right.
“The Farmer Supports the World.”
W
The Le Roy Plow Co., Le Roy, N. Y., have built up a
wonderful reputation on a wonderful Walking
Plow. Now to meet the almost universal demand for
Riding Plows, this Company has worked its
special plow experts overtime and the Result is
the most perfect, practical. Riding Plow
offered to the practical farmer. Easy and con¬
venient toot trip. Extreme Pole Shift. Tilt-
ing Seat. All Steel Frame (others
are cast iron) Patent Square Steel Jointer
Standards — Chilled Iron or Steel Bot-
toms, best of all Easy Draft and Easy
*- to Operate, the same as the big- line of
Le Roy Walking Plows. Ask for our
1911 catalogue.
You usually can find them with your
best dealers.
LE ROY PLOW CO, Le Roy, N. Y.
March 4,
288
THE RURAh NEW-YORKER.
PUBLISHER’S DESK
A friend of mine received a letter from
the Winter Mfg. Co., Washington, D. C.,
offering him a position if he would write
them signifying his intention to accept
same. They do not state the exact nature
of same, but say he will receive a very
good salary, about $150 per month. I
gather that it is taking retail orders for
groceries or something similar. Any in¬
formation concerning them will be greatly
appreciated. b. t.
New York.
You can feel entirely sure that a
proposition of this kind has an element
of fake in it. Positions with $150 a
month salary are not offered around so
loosely without a string tied to them.
Your friend will probably get a proposi¬
tion to invest some money as a condi¬
tion of taking the salary, and later on
he will find himself out of a job and out
of an income and with his money
tied up.
I shipped 12 crates of peaches and six
crates of tomatoes in good order Saturday
afternoon, August 13, and we have been re¬
peatedly assured that goods shipped in this
way and at this time would be delivered in
New York Citv early Monday morning. In
this case 1 was told by the consignees that
they were not delivered until between 10
and' 11 o’clock Tuesday, August 16, too
late for Tuesday’s market, and in a ruined
condition. I would not have shipped this
stuff had I known it would have been so
long in transit. Usually we load up to
five o’clock p. m. and the goods are in New
York City for early market the next morn¬
ing. Wiil you kindly see what you can do
with this claim for $7.50? M. P.
New Jersey.
The Central Railroad of New Jersey
claim that this being less than a carload
shipment, it required longer than the
usual time for transit, and that they
were justified in sending it through one
of their transfers. They call attention
to the provisions of their bill of lading
that they do not undertake to deliver
freight in time for any particular mar¬
ket, or by any particular train, unless
a specific agreement has been made for
each separate shipment. They insist on
the privilege of handling shipments of
freight as is convenient to themselves,
and refuse any redress, although the
shipment was a total loss to the pro¬
ducer. We are not sure that a court and
jury would not give the shipper judg¬
ment in a case of this kind on trial, but
a farmer can’t very well enter a law
suit with a railroad company for $7.50,
and this is probably one of the reasons
for so much indifference to claims of
this kind.
I shipped the Corry Hide and Fur Co.,
of Corry, Pa., two mink, seven half-stripe
skunk, one black skunk, three No. 3 skunk,
three No. 4 skunk and 10 muskrats. This
was about November 21, when the prices
for the above amount of fur, according to
tneir own circular which they sent me,
should have been $41.45. They returned
me $16.80, saying they would return the
fur if I was not satisfied with the price.
I wrote them to send the fur back at my
expense, but thev did not do it, nor can I
get anv more out of them. They wrote
me tha't they would pay mo an additional
2i* per cent on what they had already paid
me if I would make another shipment of
fur to them, which I of course refused to
do. I have heard other complaints of this
same firm. J- B.
New York.
Some time ago I shipped 19 skunk and
one house cat skin to the Corry Hide &
Fur Co., of Corry, Pa. They cut me so
out of all reason in the grading that I de¬
manded a return of the furs as per agree¬
ment. The return shipment arrived yester¬
day, and I think the only part of the
original shipment which came back is one
cat skin. I sent them three or four black
skunk, one the largest I ever got, and
they returned one very small black one;
of those that I sent them most were half
stripes, and nearly all of those they re¬
turned were full stripe, and consequently
of much less value. I consider the ship¬
ment returned about one-third the value
of the one I sent. My father and I
packed up the shipment I sent and can both
make affidavits that they substituted in¬
ferior goods. I need all I can get for the
furs to help pay my school expenses. Do
you think there is any way to get at
them? I consider $15 a reasonable com¬
pensation for my loss. s. a. t.
New York.
The above are only two of many com¬
plaints received of a similar nature.. A
year ago we reported other complaints.
Their reply to these complaints to the
shippers are in the form of a general
letter or circular indicating that they
have more complaints than they find
time to answer in special letter. We
have been unable to get redress in any
case, and can only submit the informa¬
tion for those interested.
On January 31 last I sent a carload of
sweet potatoes to Rich & Everetsen, com¬
mission merchants, of Albany, N. Y. They
wired me that they could not handle the
potatoes, and I directed them shipped to
J. M. Allen, commission merchant, 317
Washington street, New York. He claims
they were five days on the road, and that
they were frostbitten, and refused to ac¬
cept them or to pay for them. If you can
do anything with the claim kindly do so.
New Jersey. J. s. M.
We have followed this claim with a
good deal of care. The records show
that this car was received by the New
York Central Railroad on January 28,
and arrived in New York on Janu¬
ary 29, so there was no five days inter¬
vened, though it arrived on Saturday.
Of course, it was held over Sunday.
Mr. Allen refused the shipment on Feb¬
ruary 3, and made no complaint about
damage by frost or otherwise at that
time, and we have not been able to find
that he even inspected the car. It is
simply one of those cases of indiffer¬
ence and want of responsibility on the
part of the commission merchants, and
while technically nobody is responsible,
the farmer, of course, loses his ship¬
ment. The New York State Agricul¬
tural Society is now trying to bring
about a condition of affairs by which
these commission merchants will owe
some responsibility or some accounting
to shippers, and that time can’t come
any too soon. J. J .d
Rabbit Manure.
Arc the droppings of Belgian hares good
to manure strawberry plants, or of any
special use and value for any garden
crops? w. P. V. L.
Ilailstead, Pa.
Y'es. It has about the value of sheep
manure — about the most valuable of animal
manure. Florists and seedsmen sell “pul¬
verized sheep manure” in small lots at five
cents a pound.
Barred Rocks More
Popular Than Ever
One big
reason to ac¬
count for the ever-
increasing popular¬
ity of Pittsfield Strain
of Barred Rocks is that
they are Money Makers.
They are all-the-year-round
layers, and they reach the
broiler stage ahead of most
other breeds. If it is Barred
Rock, ask ifitisPittsfieldStrain.
Day-old Chicks and Eggs lor Hatching
Now is the time to place your orders
for day-old chicks and eggs for
hatching. We have doubled our
capacity for chicks. Ship any dis¬
tance and guarantee safe delivery.
Kggs laid the same day as shipped
arc sent on large or small orders.
Get “Money Making Poultry”
This new free hook tells yon how
we feed on our farm, and gives
you the help you need to become
an expert money-making poul-
tryman . Send for it to-day
Pittsfield
Poultry Farm Co.
416 Main Street,
Pittsfield,
Maine
POULTRY
TRUTHS
After all, it’s the
TRUTH— the plain
unvarnished prac¬
tical fads about
poultry-raising, that
you want, not theories
advanced by writers
who too often have "an axe
to grind.”
Mr. S. B. Twining, a lead¬
ing authority on practical
poultry-raising for profit, has
written a valuable book that
gives readers the benefit of his
life-long experience — a plain,
honest statement of facts.
Every phase of the poultry business is
covered including Capon Culture.
POULTRY TRUTHS is being sold
on its merits— no connection with any
^ publication or advertising scheme.
You’ll find it profitable to read
this book. No other book contains
so much practical, reliable advice.
$i nn per copy
I >WV POSTPAID
Send for Your Copy Today.
AFTON FARMS, Box D-l,
Yardley, Pa.
Bonnie Brae White Leg-
Try The
Bull Dog Feed Grinder
tO Day’s Free
You can grind 5000 bu. of cob and corn to
table meal with one set of Rollers and Con¬
caves. Damp grain can’t clogit — nails
! won’t break it. Has only 2 inch working
leverage which accounts for light running.
Get our FREE Catalogue and Samples.
CROWN POINT MFG. CO.,
£20t E. Road. Crown Point. Ind.
Make Your Own Fertilizer
at Small Cost with
WILSON’S PHOSPHATE MILLS
From 1 to 40 H. P. Also Bone
Cutters, hand and power
for the poultrymen; grit
and shell mills, farm feed
mills, family grist mills,
scrap cake mills. Send for
our catalog.
Wlison Bros., Sole Mfrs., Easton, Pa.
cook YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the
PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Dumping Caldron. Empties
its kettlein one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food forstock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water and
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog
Scalders, Caldrons,etc.£^“Sena
for particulars and ask for cinulan J
D. ft. SPERRY & 00., Ba< .via. Ill,
ENCOURAGE THEJBOYS
^^oys want encouragement—
_ if they don’t get it at home they ,
pPgo elsewhere. Teach them to earn their ,
town spending money . Growing vegetables
la instructive, Interesting, profitable when
fIRONAQE^Tl\
3T6 used. Our No. C Combined Hill and Drill
Seeder with Marker and Double and Single
Wheel Iloe is a wonderful tool — can be used
in various unusual combinations. Saves time,
labor and seed. Brice, $12. Other
garden tools, $2.50 up. Easy to.
operate. Recommended by I
gardeners every where. Write '
to day for 75th Anniver¬
sary Catalog— Free.
BATEMAN S’F’G CO.
Box 102-B
Grenloch, N. 3.
f’/YTM/pppi C— A. few very fine breeding
kirds — w. and Barred Rocks,
W. Wyandottes, R. and S. C. R. I. Reds— at $3, $4
and $5 each. Maple Cove Poultry Yards, Athens, Pa.
ARE BETTER
horns and Pekin Ducks-|f£s§
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Gyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH HOCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
Our Prices Hatching Eons— S. C. White Leohorns— One
setting, 15 eggs, $2; two settings, 30 eggs, $3.50;
three settings, 45 eggs, $4.75; one hundred eggs, $8;
one thousand eggs, $70. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C.
Black Orpingtons— One setting, 15 eggs, $2.50 and $5;
one hundred eggs, $14 and $28. Fertility Guaranteed.
Our Prices Baby Chicks— S. C. White Leohorns— Fifty or
less, each, 20 cents; one hundred, $15; one thousand,
$125. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C. Black Orpingtons—
Fifty or less, each, 30 cents; one hundied, $25, We
guarantee safe arrival of CHICKS in first-class
condition.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons— Utilities. Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. N, ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A breeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoied to developing the best
S. O. IjEGHOUKTS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y, HAVRE BE GRACE, Maryland.
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios,
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $3 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, Weedspokt, N. Y.
SMAVi S. C. W. LEGHORN
Breeding Hens at low price to make room. Also
promising Cockerels cheap in quantities. Also K I.
Beds. Eggs for hatching. St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.J.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS-Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds a specialty. Quality kind at
right prices. Famous Lakewood strain.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N. J.
Kirkup’s Utility Strain S.C. White Leghorns
Bred for vigor, size and large white market eggs.
Eggs and Baby Chicks for sale. Custom hatching a
specialty. Semi forcircular. Kirkup Bros., Mattituck, L.l.
1)0 EGGS $1.00 — Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
/U try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen¬
dar for each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greider, Box 58 . Rheems. Pa.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHER.
Single and Hose Comb W. Leghorns, W- P. Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks, $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery guaranteed. Satis¬
faction. CARL W. LLOYD. Mgr., HILLSIDE,
Westchester County. N. Y.
To Move Quickly cost— W. and B. Leg
t — A choice lot at low
cost— W. and B. Leg¬
horns, S. L. and W. Wyandottes, R. and S. C.
Reds, W. and Barred Rocks. Write for just what
you want in your first letter and we will be sure to
please you. MAPLE COVE POULTRY YARDS. Athens. Pa,
Poultry the Best Paying
_ - _ ■ ■ i ■ -
Branch of Farming
The 1911 catalog by Robert H. Essex,
poultry and iucubator expert,
will start you right. Improved incu¬
bators and brooders. Read “ Why
Some Succeed Where others Pail.'
ROBERT ESSEX INCUBATOR CO.
84 Hekry St., Buffalo. N. Y.
FOODS
are demanded and used by successful
poultrymen everywhere because our
goods are reliable. Every ounce of grain is
clean and nourishing. Lowest prices. Pull
weight. Prompt shipments. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Send today for Booklet and
FREE Souvenir. Don’t delay.
TAYLOR BROS., 10 Market Street, CAMDEN, N. J.
GRIT
M AKA-SHEL SOLUBLE
Bright, sharp, shining.
Makes bone and
Increases Ftrg-
Production when |
Eggs are high.
Ask your dealer, or send us Sl-00 for two
100-lb. bags f. o. b. cars. Booklet free
EDCE HILL SILICA ROCK CO.,
Box J. New Brunswick, N: J.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry Is best. Coarse or fine granulated, al«o
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1841
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y.
Kean’s White Wyandottes.
Bred for large size, heavy laying, vigtrr and fancy
purposes. Eggs. $10 per 100. $5 per 45, $2 per 15.
A few choice Pullets yet to sell.
E. FRANKLIN KEAN, STANLEY, N. Y.
FARM BRED POULTRY-FREE RANGE
Partridge Cochins, White Hocks, Barred
Hocks, Partridge Wyandottes. Prize win¬
ning strains. Stock and eggs.
MINCH BROS., lt-2, Bridgeton, N. J.
WHITE WYAND0HES and Indian "Genuine Fawn” Runner
Ducks. Grand Win and Lay Strains. Stock and
Eggs at honest prices. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Write 0WNLAND FARM. Box 497, South Hammond, N. Y.
W
GRAND VIEW
RIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOnE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
for 100. Baby Ctix, $12.50 for 100; $7.00 for 50.
- FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
SNOW WHITE WYANDOnE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
$5 per 100. A few good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOLDENROD FARM, Dept. R, Stewartstown, Pa.
COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES— Beauty & utility combined.
Splendid, vigorous Cockerels and Pens mated. Ad¬
dress Ralph Woodward, Box 28, Grafton, Mass-
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, S. C. R.I.Red.
Eggs. 90c. per 15, $1 .50 per 30, $2.75 per 60, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
American Poultry Plant, Collins, Ohio— Kellei Btr«»f
Crystal W. Orpingtons, WyckofT S.C. W. Leghorns. Mammoth
White Holland Turkeys, White African Guineas, Indian Kunner
Ducks. Stock lit eggs for hatching. 600 choice male birds for sale
PHIII TRYMPN-Send 10 cents for our fine 60-
lU U L I [I I III Lll page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
POULTRY —35 Best Breeds. Bred for Laying.
Free. JOHN E
Large circular illustrated in colors
~. HEAT1 -
TWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
EGGS — $1 p«*r IS, $2 per 40 of Thor. Brahman. Rocks, Wyan-
dottes, Reds, Minorcas, Houdans, Leghorns, Ham burgs; 19 var.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Coopersburg, Pa.
GIANT BRONZE SFKfSg’vK’fii
Eggs, $1.00 per 15; Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1.00
per 10. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
H. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
FOR SALE— Four White Holland Toms. Also Eggs
in Spring. Mrs. E. J. RIDER, Rodman, N. Y.
yyiLD
AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS-Chicken Eggs. Hand-
= some Catalog 2 ct.
Pure White PLYMOUTH ROCK EGGS
For hatching, bred directly from the Graves strain;
acknowledged everywhere as the leading strain of
this popular variety. No pains or expense has
been spared in obtaining and mating up some
grand birds,
Exhibition Mating — $4.00 per 15
Utility Mating . 55.00 per 15
A few choice Cockerels for sale cheap.
MBS. C. S. GREENE,
New Brighton. Staten Island, New York
Farmers and Poultrymen.
You must not blame us if occasionally our en¬
thusiasm bubbles over when speaking of our cus¬
tom hatching department as carried on by our
exports in our mammoth hot water incubator.
Results are showing people all over the country
that we know our business by saving them time,
worry and money, and giving them stronger chicks
than the old hen or kerosene oil fume incubators
ever did. You send us the eggs— we’ll do the rest-
do it right and send you the chicks. Write for in¬
formation and prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM, Millerton, N.Y.
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville. Pa.
THE FARMER’S FOWL— Rose Comb Reds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THUS. WILDER, Route I, Richland. N. Y.
TESTED EGGS FOR HATCHING
White Wyandottes, Dustin strain, 50, $5.00; 100, $8.00
FRANK HYDE, Peekskill, N. Y.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each: 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. E. VAN ALSTYNE, Kinderhook, N.Y.
S. G. White Leghorn BABY GHIGKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
sai lings and 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCREST
IY FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
Davis S. G. Reds ST COCKERELS
$3 and $5 each. EGGS FOR HATCHING.
BABY CHICKS— $15 and $20 per 100 after March 1.
B0GK ORDERS NOW. Davis Poultry Farm, Berlin, Mass.
Indian Runner Ducks_£,w4i“™™:
Eggs, $1.50 per 13; $8.00 per 100. F. J. FULLER,
Waterport, Orleans County, New York.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Black Langshan Eggs for
I sale. J. GORDON DRAKE, Port Huron, Mich.
pp HO— PEARL GUINEAS, Indian Runner
rill] A Ducks, Barred Plymouth Rocks and
uv'wv Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. Write for
Free Price List. C. ADELL KAYNER, West Falls, N. Y.
Eggs For Hatching !;-,..^,
Indian Runner Ducks, High-class stock-
utility, show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties
Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1; 40, $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
Jnefin’o S. C. R. I. REDS— 200-egg strain. Eggs,
nuollll o $1.50 per sotting. Prices on quantities.
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor. N. H.
TUC PCI CRRATCn HUNGARIAN AND ENGLISH
IHt UtLtDltAItU PARTRIDGES AND PHEASANTS
Wild tnrkeys, quails, rabbits, deer, etc., for stock¬
ing purposes. Fancy pheasants, peafowl, cranes,
swans, storks, ornamental geese and ducks, foxes,
sauirrels, ferrets, and all kinds of birds and ani¬
mals. WENZ & MACKENSEN, Dept. 10, Pheas-
antry and Game Park, Yardley, Pa.
1811.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
290
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, March 4, 1011.
FARM TOFICS.
The Potato Seed Question . 257, 258
A New Jersey Irrigation Farm. .. .260, 261
A Crop of Onion Seed . 263
A Crop of Sweet Corn . 266
Potatoes Grown Under Straw . 267
A True “Back to the Lander” . 269
Bisulphide of Carbon for Grain . 269
Hope Farm Notes . 278
Some Successful Crops . 290
Rabbit Manure . 298
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Still Another Horse Company . 286
Fits in Pigs . 286
A Balanced Ration . 291
Milk Ration . 291
Milk Ration; Weaning Calf . 291
Brewers’ Grain and Cob Meal . 291
Milk . 293
Milk in Massachusetts . .'.!!! 293
Cheese-box Brooders . 294
The Poultryman’s Friend . 294
The Village Flock . 294
Catching Pigeons . 294
Hog Pasture in New Jersey . 296
Curing a Kicking Cow . 297
The Retailer’s Profit on Sheep . 297'
Heaves . 301
Lameness . 301
Staggers . . ' 301
Indigestion . 30 1
Moon Blindness . 301
Periodic Ophthalmia . . 301
Sheep Farming by Proxy . 302
Warts on Heifer . . . 302
Grinding Feed . 303
The Frosted Bit . 303
Advantages of Trap-nesting Hens . 304
HORTICULTURE.
The “Injection Treatment" for Trees.. 258
Grafting Vines . 258, 259
Black Knot of Plums and Cherries .... 259
The Chestnut Tree Blight . 259
Fruitmore Orchards . 260
Traction Sprayer . 261
Concentrated Lime-Sulphur . 261
Tales of Peach Tree Agents . 262
Another Red Gravenstein Apple . 263
Spring Cultivation for Strawberries... 263
Brush Burner . 264
Spraying Notes . ’ 264
A New Berry Grading System . 265
Danger in Using Arsenic . . 266
Pumpkin-Squash Hybrid . 267
Cheap Plan for Starting Trees . 268
Shall We Mix Varieties..: . 268
Transplanting Yearling Strawberries.. 268
Some Big Carrots . 269
The 17-year Locusts . 269
Spraying in Iowa .
Sticks to Bordeaux .
A Boy Fruit Grower .
Orchard Spraying by Contract. . . .
An Air Pressure Spraying Outfit. .
New Lime-Sulphur Strainer .
Plain Facts About Spraying . .
The Casaba Melon . 279
Ninety Cents of the Dollar . 292
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 282
Clam Fritters .'. . 282
Walnut Creams . 282
Fifty Cents for Flower Seeds . 283
Savory Dishes without Meat . 283
Perennials for the Home Garden. .284, 285
Selling Homemade Candies . 285
The Rural Patterns . 285
MISCELLANEOUS.
Making Apple Sauce . 292
House Drainage . 297
Publisher’s Desk . 298
Humorous . 304
KarBraK
Calendar
1911 - 1912
272
272
273
274
276
277
Water-slaked Lime.
I make lime water in my place of busi¬
ness by slacking lime with water, and have
quite a lot of this lime slacked with water
on hand. Is this good for a fertilizer?
o. J. w.
It will act like other forms of slaked
lime. Remember that lime will not take
the place of potash, phosphoric acid or
nitrogen.
The KarBraK
Calendar
The BIGGEST Calendar
Ever Made.
5 or filches LONG
Four 7x9 Photo Reproduc¬
tions of thoroughbred live
stock from originals by one
of the most famous artists
— of world wide fame. You
can have one of these calen¬
dars absolutely free, and
you place yourself under no
obligations by replying to
this advertisement. All that
is necessary is for you to fill
out and mail the coupon
below today.
We send this beautiful and
artistic Calendar, (60 inches
long and 8 inches wide). Ab¬
solutely Free and postage
fully prepaid in order that
your attention may be called
to our famous
KarBraK
Disinfectant— Insecticide
Germicide— Scaiicide
and Deodorant
KarBraK Disinfectant is
an absolutely uniform pro¬
duct embodying the germ
killing elements of Creselic
Acid and Sulphur in perfect
solution. It can be used
with absolute assurance of
invariably producing the
desired results. A quart of
KarBraK Disinfectant dilut¬
ed 100 to 1 (100 parts of water
to one part of KarBraK) will
make 25 gallons ready for
use as a general utility dis-
infectant.deodorizer, insecti¬
cide and germicide. This
makes a strong, efficacious,
disinfecting solution for san¬
itary purification of Dwell¬
ings and Tenement Houses,
Water Closets, Urinals, Sinks.
Drains, Cess Pools, Stables,
Cattle Sheds, Public Schools,
Railway Stations, Hospitals,
Workshops, Hotels, etc.
Destroys the Active
germs of Hog Cholera,
Mange, Infections, Pneu¬
monia, etc. Kills all forms
of parasitic life— (
Kills Lice, Beetles, Moths,
Fungi, Caterpillars, Codd¬
ling Moths, Spiders, San Jose
Scale, Cucumber and Squash
Bugs, Fleas, Moths, Ticks,
Scab, Lice, Foot Rot, Mange,
Scratches, Scabbies, Spanish
or Ranch Itch, Eczema, Wire
Cuts, Calks and other affec¬
tions. _ Destroys Diptheria,
Typhoid, Pneumonia, and ali
other germs. Keeps the air
pure and sweet.
Would you like to know
more about.
KarBraK
DEALERS: Our line is sold
through Local Dealers. Send
for the best Sales Plait ever
conceived.
f&rBraK KiniJlniK
ipl I r'm&i
.;
Accept noSubstilutes
Insist upon the orijjnal
KimtJiniK
H.F. Bush, Gen.Mgr.KarBraK Chemical Co. Dept. 609 Wellsboro.Pa.
Send me absolutely free and postage fully pre¬
paid your 5 foot KarBraK Calendar.
Name .
p. o . .
R. F.D .
County . state .
Have you ever used KineTeniK ? .
I own. ..Horses. ..Cows. ..Hogs and acre farm
CARFF’S Choice
Fruit Plants
SI
a 1000 acres devoted to the growing ol
W Scarff ’s fruiting strains of small fruit plants,
fruit trees, farm seeds, garden roots, etc.
Our free catalog will surely please and
save you money.
W. N. SCARFF. NEW CARLISLE, OHIO
LICONIER,
INDIANA
N. WERTHEIMER & SOH
Choice seeds bought direct from the farmer and sold
direct to the farmer. We offer you the choicest
seeds, doubly recleaned, Medium and Mammoth
Clover Seed, Alsike, Alfalfa, Timothy, Crimson
Clover, White Clover, Rod Top, Orchard Grass,
Bine Grass, Lawn Grass, all kinds of Corn, Spring
and Winter Wheat, Buckwheat, all kinds of Peas.
Samples and prices sent on application. * * #
M. WERTHEIMER & SON LIG0NIER, INDIANA
fC PACKETS Garden Seeds, * — x,_
NORRIS W. ADAMS, Worcester, Mass. CCIllS
CCCn RATQ Swedish Select, Extra fine,
l* UHlw recleaned and at Farmer's
Prlce- Write for sample. C. L. HIBBS, Freeport, Ohio
rP WO Million Berry Plants at Attractive Prices.
1 Full line of Fruit Trees. Miller Red Rasp-
h®ri*y pi ant s $5. 0 0 per thousand. Send for price list.
ELMER A. PRIESTLEY, Winslow, New Jersey, R. F. 0. No .1
PruitGrowingandBee Keeping
Learn what an ideal combination it makes. “ Gleanings
in Bee Culture” tells all about it. 6 months trial subscrip¬
tion 25c. 64 page book on Bees and supply catalog free.
THE A. I. ROOT CO., Box 250B , Medina, Ohio
Cord Wood Circular SawsiL‘3S
Saw Tables, 114.50; 6 H. P. Gasoline Engines, $125
tumping Engines. Wood Sawing outfits on wheels.
Catalogue “R” free. PALMER BROS., Cos Cob, Gonn.
Running Water on the Farm
•rump without expense with an automatio
RIFE RAM
Cheapest and most efficient
water supply for c on try
place, irrigation, farms, etc.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Booklet, plans, estimates free.
Rife Engine Co. 2429 Trinity Bldg., N.Y.
THE NEW YORK STATE
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE
at ALFRED UNIVERSITY
offers for sale the following at farmers’ prices :
1 Recorded Guernsey Bull, born July 10, 1910.
1 Guernsey Bull, born January 30, 1911.
1 Jersey Bull, one and a half year old, grand
dam Jacoba Irene. 6
4 Bull calves from two to six months old,
two of which have R. M. dams.
Also several Holstein Bull Calves, from two to four
weeks old, sired by King* Hengerveld, No. 60,776.
New York State School of Agriculture at Alfred University
A L F R EN. D, Y.
FAR .9 A I F— Percheron Stallion four years old,
lull O/lLL Black Brood Mare, Black Driving
Horse. JOHN .SWAN, Seymour, Conn.
U/HITE HOLLAND TURKEYS from prize
WhiteHolland Turkeys
and Duston’s White Wyandotte Chickens. Walnut
llill Stock I arm, N. Bacon, Mgr., Taleott, W. Va.
U/HITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS— Thor-
v, oughbred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
or large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 12; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu-
bator eggs. Ohkrry Hill Farms, Pittstown, N. J.
EGGS
from high record W. P. Rock
Hens, $2 for 15, $5 for 45.
A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
SP \A/ LEGHORN EGGS for hatching. Good laying
'.«■ strain $1 per 15, $5 per 100. Also Baby
uhicks. GEO. LUNDGREEN, Wy ’ " 1 3
yoming, Del.
DAY-OLD CHICKS — S. C. W. Leghorns, $12
per 100; S. C. R. I. Reds, $15 per 100. Hatching
eggs, exhibition and utility. THE WINONA
FARMS, Drawer 272, Lansdale, Pa.
MINISINK POULTRY FARM CO.
Single Comb Leghorn Hatching Eggs — 95# fertility
guaranteed or money refunded— $10 per hundred
?• o. b. NORTH WATER GAP, PA.
S. C. RHODE ISLAND BEDS
_ . - - for Hatcli-
At the Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm Write for
l * prices. Address
Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
FOFTCPRFT C~ Brize - Winning Breeding
Stock-Black Orpingtons
and Minorcas. QUOQUETAUG FARMS, Old Mystic, Conn.
.Dairymen Don't Doubt
that feeding silage to cows increases the flow of milk and decreases cost of mainte
nance. It has been proven time and again. Nor do those who have tried it doubt that
the world’s greatest, most convenient and profitable machine to use is the
PAPEC MATIC Ensilage Cutter
Competitive tests have demonstrated that the PAPEC will cut and elevate
better silage in less time and with less power than any other blower
ensilage cutter. It “throws and blows” over 50 feet without clogging.
Erasy to operate ; ted from ground; never clogs or gets out of order. Cast-
iron frame — no wood to twist and warp. GUARANTEED.
Our new book, “How to Prepare Ensilage,” will interest every dairy¬
man and farmer. Writeforit — FREE. Agentswantedinunoccupiedterritory.
PAPEC MACHINE CO., Box 10, Shortsville, N. Y.
25 Distributing Points in tne U. S.
"IT T H ROWS
<JV AND BLOWS’
The“Lou Dillon” Tandem
Garden Cultivator.
It can be set to stir the soil any depth
desired and to cultivate astride the row
or between the rows.
One-third quicker and easier than
any other garden cultivator, eas-
mr to push than a lawn mower.
No gardener can afford to be
without one.
Write for descriptive catalogue
and testimonials. If your
local dealer does not han¬
dle them, write to tis for
special intro¬
ductory price.
Dept. L,
THE SCHAIBLE
MFG. CO.
ELYRIA, OHIO
SILOS
“FRIEND” NOZZLE
ANGLE OR REGULAR
FREE
tpO those who read our 2-18-11 ad and are in
the market for a Gasoline Power Sprayer
—who send 4 cents in stamps, with name
written on Nozzle blank in corner.
“FRIEND” MFG. CO. S^oVk*
have a 10 year reputation for strength and efficiency,
t osutively the only Silos made that have an Opening
Roof— Only Continuous Open Front. Our 30 ft. Silo
equals other 36 ft. Silos capacity. Over 5,000 in use.
Opening roof works automatically— permits Silos be-
ing fully packed. Also splendid line in Water Tanks,
Gasoline Engines, Pumps, etc. Get free catalogue.
E. F. SCHLICHTER CO., 129 Fuller Bldg., Phila., Pa.
Estate or Farm Manager
OPEN FOR
ENGAGEMENT
Thoroughly experienced and competent in all
details connected with the construction, devel¬
opment and general management of first-class
business farm or Gentleman’s estate ; American,
38. Record and references that will bear care¬
ful investigation. Last. position includes four
years in the development, equipment and com¬
pletion of one of the finest estates in Western
New York. Box 4, Charlotte. N. Y.
AGENTS Here It Is
Ed Hopper calls It. Sold 97 In few days
He’s pleased. Eetails at 1 f\f\07 nTtrxriTm
ridiculously low price. 1 \j\j SO PROFIT
If you want a quick seller, one that gets the money easy,
,.,no, . or confidential terms and FREE BOOKLET,
Inside Information on the agency business.” A few hours
“ „y. ™iny a dollar in your pocket. 8end a postal.
A. MATHEWS 6865 Wayne Street, DAYTON, OHIO
F»raT«S POULTRY SUPPLIES
Everything for the poultryman at low prices; Auto¬
matic Feeders, Hall Mammoth and Model Incuba¬
tors. L’eed, Remedies, Heti-e-ta, Rat Corn, Liverine,
LegBands, etc. Prompt shipments. Write forcatalog.
HARRIES & BENEDICT CO. 67BNAeacyLoVkST’
Poultryman Wanted.
Unmarried. Experienced in raising and dressing
poultry ot ail kinds, including pigeons and rabbits.
Must do entire work liimselt. Very quiet place
about three hundred miles from New York. Wages
$40 per month. Address, giving references for
past hve years, “PIGEONS.” care F. P. Clarke,
Ho East 29th Street, New York.
WANTFfH>ition t,lis sPrine by young mar-
****•■ I LU ried couple on farm or country
place. Wages or shares. Experience with poul¬
try, cows, Bees and vegetables. First-class refer¬
ences. C. C. DOORLY, Elizabeth, N. J.
FOR MENDING HARNESS
q or any net
Stewart's Automatic;
Awl is the only per-
Sewing
Awl.
AMRITIfllK WILLING and reliable young man
fllllUIIIUUO| (single), good habits, scientific
knowledge ot stock and general farming, desires
steady position; good home more desirable than big
wages. E. S. Davidson, 310 East Third St., Brooklyn, N.Y.
TYT ANTED April 1st or before, position as foreman on
large poultry or. dairy farm, by strictly temperate,
mod American of experience, can furnish best
Address. Box 145, R.F.D., Fairhavon, Mass.
mat _ _
reference.
OMAKT YOUNG AMERICAN to learn Retail
Nursery trade. Must have farm experience
education and ability at pencil drawing. $18 mo
$58. next yr. Fine future.
B. B. NURSERY. West Newton. Mass.
W anted-Farmer-Fruit Grower
i, or salary and shares. Must
ORCHARD FARM, Peekskill, N. Y.
To take place on siiares^or sajar
have team and tools.
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its ilsts men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them are without
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of them speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
stating what you will pay, whether the work is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. & I. A. S., 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
POST CARDS— 10 beautiful emb. Easter, 10c, • 25 Comic,
assorted, 10c. Swanson Card Co., Cannon Falls, Minn.
Ittakes • shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, car-
pet?’ saddles, suitcases, buggy tops,
r„ rS u1’ dash boards, or any heavy material.
ioecls Stewart' s Aut
from spool and — ^
does the work of (
any harness maker
machine. It is indis¬
pensable for farmers. -
Agents wanted. Sent prepaid
for $1.25. Send at once for
catalog. ' STEWART-SKINNER CO.
35 Hermon Street, Worcester, Mass.
SHIP YOUR
To mgmillan fur & wool go.
in . , MINNEAPOLIS, MINN,
illustrated CircuIar^Free^to anyone interested in
Trappers’ Guide Free to those who ship to us.
TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS.
Fiii-s are high. A fact which you are all probably ac¬
quainted with. But the question is, Are you getting
highest market value for yours ? Remember we do not
charge any commission; pay all express charges- will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory will return and
pay all charges. Don’t you think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing? For
further information write for our free price list and
Tiappers Guide. Make us a trial shipment today.
Abrohams Fur & Wool Co., Fur Merchants, Seymour, Wis.
FKANK W. GODWIN
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,
and
nes Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms
SHIP YOUR CONSIGNMENTS
GEO.
-TO-
OLIVER &
COMPANY
Established 1850
COMMISSION MERCHANT8
WEST WASHINGTON MARKET. NEW YORK N Y
PROMPT RETURNS
Eggs, Poultry, Meats, Produce.
Shipments solicited. JELLIFFE, WRIGHT 8 CO Com¬
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York.
FOR SAI F~Aeed owner must sell this fine
c, productive farm of One Hundred
and Seventy Acres ; spring watered pastures, tim-
ber, wood; fourteen-room house, painted inside
and outside, green blinds; four barns, 40 by 90 and
46 by 70; other outbuildings; four apple orchards,
penrs, plums and grapes. Price $6,000, part cash.
HALL S FARM AGENCY, Owego, Tioga (Jo., N.Y.
VIRGINIA FARMS
offer best opportunity for land buyers and the best
place to live. Mild winters, cheap land, sunshine.
Grow all crops. Produce best flavored apples.
Cattle, hog raising, dairying and poultry raising
profitable. Near 40 million consumers. Get top
prices. For information write
G. W. K0INER, Commissioner of Agriculture, Richmond, Va.
]\TEW YORK STATE FARMS, all sizes and in
-L’ nearly all parts of the State. Illustrated
catalog free to parties intending to buy.
NORTHERN REALTY CO„ Syracuse, N. Y.
DLEASE send a trial shipment to the Oldest Com*
f, mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter.
Eggs, Poultry. Pork. Calves. Hay, Grain, Beans
Apples, etc. E. IS. miOllYTAIlD, 802 (ireeuniel. Hi., N. T
Hothouse Lambs, Poultry, Calves, Fancy Eggs
Ship to W. H. COHEN & CO., 229 Washington St., New York.
Boston Produce Co.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St,, - Boston.
Hothouse Lambs.
Calves, Poultry, Fancy Eggs, Hothouse Products,
Fruits, Vegetables. Top prices secured for choice
goods. Correspondence solicited.
Archdeacon & Co. , 100 Murray St., N.Y.
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE in the finest fruit
growing and trucking section in the waold;
fertile soil and fine climate: also a beautiful water
front farm with timber. For full particulars ad¬
dress SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury,
Wicomico County, Maryland.
March 4
eoo
THE RURAIi NEW-YORKER
:Ejjreka Planters
INCREASE POTATO PROFITS
WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID, $8.75
for 4 Buggy Wheels, Steel Tires. With Kubber Tires,
$18.45. Kerubbing your wheels, $10.30. I manufacture
wheels to 4 in. tread. Buggy Tops, $6.50; Shafts, $-2. 10.
Learn how to buy direct. Catalog free. Repair wheels,
$5.1)5. Wagon Umbrella Fi-kk. d . u BOOB, Cin'ti, o.
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE.
TILlZe*1*
. . . MANUFACTURED ONLY BY . . .
‘The Rogers £? Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.
Solid for free Almanac telling all about
Hubbard’s ” Bone Base” Fertilizers.
Save Time and Seed
By Using the 50 Year
Old World's Standard
CAHOON
SEED
WER
Guaranteed tc do more and better broadcast work
with any kind of grain or grass seed than any other
SeedSower. Savestimeandlabor; givesbiggercrops.
Pays for itself many times over yearly, although it
is the highest priced sower. Made of iron, steel and
brass. Lasts a lifetime. If your dealer cannot supply
you, we will deliver the Cahoon to any express
office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of $4.
Seed Sowers’ Muininl tells how to save seed and
get bigger crops. It’s free. Send for it.
COPPELL CO.. 14 Main St.. Antrim, N. B.
NGINE
'eS
WE PAV
THE
FREIGHT
gasoline, distillate, any fuel oil, perfectly— without cliango.
Cheapest, Safest, Simplest
POWER
for barn work, house work, mill work, dairy work, well
work, spraying, sawing, irrigation, electric lights, pumping.
Astonishing success. More power gallon for gallon. Hun¬
dred less parts. Patent throttle gives threo engines for tlio
price of one. Catalog free — tells how.
Double duty tank rovol ul ionizes cooling
systems. Force feed lubricator — per¬
fect oiling. Automobile muffler.
Ball bearing governor. Starts in¬
stantly. No pre-lioating. No
Clank. Experience unnec¬
essary. Women canoper-
tate. Vibration elimina-
od. Quality
low. Comes
Always
work — and
FREE TRIAL.
No obligation till satis¬
fied. 10-yesr guarantee.
*• Engine Facts' free
write for it NOW.
Ellis Engine Co.,
51 Mullet! St.. DETROIT, MICH.
Wanted at Once— A Man
To Mako $100 Per Month Above Expenses
1500 MEN THROUGHOUT THE U. S
ARE MAKING BIG MONEY
with our largo lino of over 80 different household neces¬
sities consisting of homo remedies, extracts, spices, soaps,
perfumes, toilet articles, stock and poultry preparations,
polishes, etc. all guaranteed under the National Food
and Drugs Act and conforming to the Pure Food require¬
ments of every stato. Sold chiefly to country people.
Wo import, manufacture and sell in enormous quantities
Capital and surplus over one million dollars. Factory
floor space nearly 5 acres.
We want one man in each unoccupied locality to take
foil charge of everything pertaining to our business in
his district. Must hoof good health and habits, honest
and industrious, not under 21 nor over 50 years of ago,
able to furnish outfit similar to that illustrated abovo,
also several responsible men to vouch for his integrity.
Such under our instructions can mako not less than
$100 Per Month Clear Profit
above expenses first year. $1800 second year and $2400
third year. Colored people or women not considered.
Previous experience or more than ordinary education
not needed as with our thorough froo course of instruc¬
tion in salesmanship tho work is easily learned and a
big. pleasant, healthful, honorable and permanent busi¬
ness quickly established.
If you can’t meet requirements don’t writo: if you
think you can you are the man wo aro looking for and a
postal will bring you full particulars by return mail.
Lots of now men starting and territory filling rapidly,
so if interested writo at onco elso territory vacant in your
locality will bo taken.
W. T. RAWLEIGH CO. 30-40 Lib. St. Freeport, III.
Use a HERCULES
All-Steel Triple-Power
Stump Puller on
30 Days’ Free Trial
Clear lip your stumpy fields at our risk now
with a famous Hercules on30 days’ Free Trial.
Test it on your place at our risk. Pulls stumps
out, roots and all. 400ft stronger than any
other puller made. Triple power attachment
means one-third greater pull. The only stump
puller guaranteed for 3 years. Only ou ' with
Double Safety Ratchets. Only one with all
bearings and working parts turned, finished
and machined, reducing friction, increasing
power, making , it extremely light-running.
n Hitch on to any stump
400% and the
Power 1L Stump is Bound
to Come
Also pulls largest-
sized green trees,
hedgerows,
etc. Don’t risk
da n geroue
and costly
dynamite. It
only shatters
stump and leaves
roots in ground.
Save big money
by getting our
r. — , r- « y, /— V T/T* n and freo trial offer. Also
r K r.r. dUUiViJ special proposition to
first buyers where wo have no agents. Write us a
postal card today. Address
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO.
130 17th Street, Centerville, Iowa
The Eureka opens the furrow,
drops sesd accurately any dis¬
tance or depth desired, puts
on fertilizer if wanted, covers
perfectly, and marks for next
row. Requires only one man.
Always plants uniform depth.
Driver sees each seed drop.
Three sizes, for one or two rows.
In use throughout the world
for many years. Prompt ship¬
ment from branch house near you. W rite for FREE catalog.
EUREKA CULTIVATOR AND
SEEDER
Made In 3 sizes,
8, 10 and 1 2 ft.
Weeds and
cultivates.
Sows and cov¬
ers grass seed,
alfalfa, oats, etc. Renews old meadows.
Prica is low and will pay you 1 arge profits.
EUREKA MOWER CO., BOX8G4, UTICA, N.Y,
Home Mixing
is sweeping the country
like a tornado.
Our book — “Home Mixing of
Fertilizers” — will show you why.
You can get — only by home mixing
_ the exact proportion of Phosphoric
Acid, Nitrogen and
that your land and crops need.
You pay less per unit of available plant food when
you buy the stuff and mix your own fertilizer. You
don’t buy filler or pay freight on it in your own home-
mixed brand. You save from $5 to $7 per ton.
If your dealer doesn’t keep Potash salts, \ye can supply
you — any amount from 200 lbs. (one bag) up.
Write us for prices , Send for our FRPP book , Home
Mixing." Learn why Potash Pays,
GERMAN KALI WORKS, Inc.
BALTIMORE: Continental Bldg. CHICAGO: Monadnock Blk.
NEW ORLEANS: Whitney Central Bank Bldg.
IK
Price $10 and Up^
Earn $10 a day and more, easily,
sawing firewood, lumber, lath, posts,
etc., for yourself and neighbors with a
Hertzler & Zook
Portable Wood Saw
Fully Guaranteed for One Year
The Hertzler & Zook is the cheapest and best
saw you can buy. Direct factory prices— finest
tested materials. Easier than
other saws to operate because
the stick sits low and the
saw draws it on as soon
as you start work. It is
the only saw made, sell-
ingat $10, to which a ripping
table can be added. Write for
circular and save money.
Hertzian S Zook Co., Box 3
Belleville, Pa,
FOUR WEEKS IN SUNSHINE.
spread in single layers on these shelves, and
left until wanted for planting. We have
taken such seed in March and spread it on
the barn floor, or on the floor of a room
in the house, exposed to the full force of
the sun. When thus treated the tubers
send out strong shoots hard and green in
color, with short stubby sprouts. These
are very different from the long and white
sprouts which start when potatoes are kept
in the dark. The potatoes in the sun do
not wither as compared with those kept
in dark storage. They will keep when
spread in the sun for a long time. The
pictures here shown indicate the way these
sprouts start. First cut shows a potato ex-
LIME
Hydrated, Powdered, in bags, for fer¬
tilizing and spraying. Works near
Albany. Hudson Kiver Lime Co.,
428 East 26th Street, Brooklyn, N. ’i .
NATURAL Ground PHOSPHATE
In Rotating Your
Crops don’t fail
to apply Natural
F i n c-G ro u n d
Phosphate when
breaking your clover,
grass or grain stub
sods. This is the best
time to a pply it to the
soil direct. Address
THE RELIABLE
LAND
BUILD
The right amount
applied just then,
at not over $1.00
per acre cost per
crop, will increase
each crop grown dur-
thc rotation from 50
to75X Write for free
Booklet, telling all
ibout it.
soil uircn . MTPI FASANT
TRR FARMERS GROUND ROCK PHOSPHATE CO. TENNESSEE.
Put slate on your roof and you'll keep dollars in your
pocket. No more leaks or expensive repairs. Nothing I
equals QUIT I nnM’Q SEA GREEN AND PURPLE
ontLIJUN O ROOFING slate
for durability, strength and economy.
The first cost no greater than high-priced prepared
roofing or shingles. Slate does not rust or water soak,
will not melt— not afferted by climate. Our free book
1 The Roof Question" tells why. Write us today about
your wants. Special prices on car lots.
F. C. Sheldon Slate Co. Granville, N.Y. 1
“I have used Sloan’s Liniment
on a fine mare for splint and cured
her. This makes the third horse
I’ve cured. Have recommended
it to my neighbors for thrush and
they say it is fine. I find it the
best Liniment I ever used. I keep on
hand your Sure Colic Cure for myself
and neighbors, and I can certainly
recommend it for Colic.” — S. E. Smith,
McDonough, Ga.
FINE FOR SWEENY.
Mr. J. Ii. Fleming, of Stilesboro,
Ga., writes “Sloan’s Liniment is fine
for sweeny on mules, and it js also
fine for abscess on the lungs, as I know
it did my sister good. It helped to
cure her.”
SLOANS
Liniment
is a reliable remedy for both
family andfarm use.' Very pen¬
etrating, needs no rubbing.
Price, 50 cents and $1.00.
Sloan’s book on horses, cattle, hogs,
and poultry sent free. Address
Dr. EARLS. SLOAN, Boston, Mass.,D.S.A.
Anyway,
Try this
DIGGER.
ML
Saves you at least 15
cents a bushel on the cost of *
% digging. Gets tho potatoes out \y. \v *
' of the ground clean and whole.
All sizes. Elevator diggers for large .All,'
|:i fields. Success Jr. for small patches. 1 1
V Write for new catalogue of Diggers i
\ and Farm Machinery and let us tell ;)t«|
V, you how you can try a Faniuhar. KM
i&v A. B. KARQCHAR CO., Ltd.
Box 200 York. I’a.
SUN-SPROUTED POTATO SEED.
The Ohio Experiment Station has issued
a bulletin on potato culture. Mr. Ballou,
who wrote it, rightly says that sun-sprouted i
potato seed is greatly superior to seed which
has been kept in a dark warm room up to
the time of planting. His advice is to sun-
sprout the seed after danger of severe freez¬
ing is over. Take the seed outdoors or
somewhere under cover where it, can receive
the direct sunshine. A set of shelves can
be arranged one above another on the
south side of the building. The tubers are
TEN WEEKS IN SUNSHINE.
posed to the sunlight four weeks, while
second shows one thus exposed for 10
weeks. Such sprouts will give much better
plants than when taken directly out of
the dark. This plan is particularly good
when small tubers are used without cut¬
ting. This sprouted seed, when started
early, will enable a grower to get bis plants
above ground early in the season. It is
found also that where the tubers are given
a long sun bath in this way, soaking to
prevent scab is not so necessary, as sun¬
shine is of itself a good treatment for
germs. It is safer, however, to soak such
seed before planting, and with this form
the green sprouts are not injured by the
soaking.
Training in Domestic Science.
C. IT. FI., Vermont. — I am a farmer’s girl,
but I lack the training of a first-class
housekeeper, so I would like to take a
course i nan agricultural college, where they
have a domestic science branch. Could you
tell me if there are such schools near the
southwestern part of New Hampshire? Do
you think one could learn the art of house¬
keeping through a correspondence school?
Ans. — We do not know of such a
school in New Hampshire. The New
Hampshire Agricultural College has not
yet started domestic science. The Rhode
Island College at Kingston, and Con¬
necticut at Storrs have good courses for
girls. The Summer school at Boston is
reported a good one. We doubt the
possibility of getting really practical in¬
struction through a correspondence
course At one of the schools we have
mentioned a girl can obtain a good
training.
1911.
301
AILING ANIMALS.
Heaves
A mare in good condition and with a
good appetite seems very sluggish on the
road. She seems to be well, except that she
has heaves, but that is nothing serious ;
she seems much slower than usual. She
works only one or two days a week. Her
grain is two quarts of bran and five to
seven quarts of provender; all feed is
moistened. Can your veterinary make any
suggestions? E. s. b.
Connecticut.
Feed sound, whole oats and bran, with
some ears of corn as the noon meal. Allow
wet oat straw as roughage and roots also
may be fed. See that she is lightly worked
or well exercised every day. Give her half
nn ounce of Fowler’s solution of arsenic
night and morning after a few smaller
preliminary doses. We take the disease to
be heaves, which is incurable.
Lameness.
We have a horse that has been lame for
some time, and we thought the lameness
was in the ankle, but possibly it is in the
whirl bone or patella. She does not show
any lameness on the road or when driving,
but it seems to be .hard for her to get her
foot off the floor, especially after being
driven. If she is lame in the whirl bone,
stifle or patella, would it cause any weak¬
ness or lameness in the ankle? k.
New York.
Without an examination we are unable to
diagnose the seat of lameness in mysterious
cases which cannot be diagnosed by the
owner or ‘his veterinarian. We suspect,
however, that the hock joint is the seat of
the lameness, and, if that is so, a spavin
is doubtless present and will require firing,
to be followed by a six weeks’ rest in stall.
If the hock is -sound, then the stifle may be
the seat of the trouble, and, if that is so, the
patella probably slips out of place. That
would need repeated blistering of the stifle.
We cannot say as to the probability of the
ankle (fetlock) being involved.
Unthrifty Colt.
I have a colt that I bought the first of
December, very poor, long hair that turns
toward the head instead of lying down
right. She eats well. I am feeding LVi
pint of bran and oats mixed equal parts
by measure, also clover hay, with a little
Timothy mixed. I would like some advice
how to make the animal thrive, u. s. a.
Pennsylvania.
Have the colt clipped. Feed four parts
oats and one part bran, allowing one pound
per 100 pounds live weight as a day’s
ration. Give all the mixed hay the colt
cares to eat, and if possible supply car¬
rots or other roots. Worms are the likely
cause of the thin condition. Mix together
two parts salt and one part each of dried
sulphate of iron and flowers of sulphur, and
of this mix two teaspoonfuls in the feed
night and morning. An adult animal takes
a tablespoonful as a dose. You do not state
age of colt, so we are unable to prescribe
the exact dose required. Use ordinary salt
for the colt. It is cheap, and all that is
required when the other medicine is being
given.
Staggers.
I have a horse which I bought early in
March, 1910. lie was all right until about
June 1 ; he was taken with a spell of
staggering and fell, but recovered in a few
minutes and wf^s ready for work again.
Since that time he has averaged a spell
every two months ; seems to be worse when
idle. Sometimes these fits are followed by
a mattery discharge from the nostrils.
Sometimes he has a slight cough. He is
about 10 years old, has a good appetite,
keeps in good flesh and is a fine horse. The
last time he had one of these spells he was
standing in stall. He simply began to
pull back on the halter and his muscles
seemed to cramp and jerk. At times he is
perfectly quiet after falling, and again he .
groans as though in pain. What is the
trouble? j. B. h.
Maryland.
Indigestion is the common cause of stag¬
gers, and it usually is brought on by over- |
feeding and lack of exercise. Your horse
will not be likely to suffer attacks if you
see to it that he never stands a single day
idle in the stable. He should occupy a
large box stall, and when there is no work
for him to do he should be turned out in
the yard or be given exercise “ to halter.”
At such times cut down the grain ration and
give sufficient bran to open the bowels.
Indigestion.
I have a cow three and one-half years
old. A year ago last Summer she was
away to pasture, and had her first calf
after coming home. Soon after she came
home I noticed she was passing a great
deal of wind, and she has kept it up until
quite recently. A few weeks ago I intro¬
duced beet pulp into her diet, giving her
equal parts of pulp, bran and gluten ; since
then she has improved. Her second calf
was born in the middle of November-, and
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
she accidentally killed it before it had a
chance to suck. Her udder is still caked.
I have an idea this obstinacy may be due
to the digestive condition. Can you suggest
what to do for her? I have no good hay,
but give all the meadow hay she will eat
and about three bushels per day of corn
stover, run through the hay cutter. The
grain ration is three pounds, morning and
night, of the ration mentioned above.
Massachusetts. j. w. s.
Physic the cow, giving a pound of epsom
salts and half an ounce of ground ginger
root in three pints of warm water, well
sweetened with molasses. After the physic
has ceased to operate, mix half an ounce;
of hyposulphite of soda in the feed or
drinking water night and morning. Pow¬
dered wood charcoal, if freely mixed with
the food, would also be likely to lessen the
tendency to gas formation. Foment the
udder with hot water twice daily, and
then rub thoroughly with a mixture of
equal parts of sweet oil and fluid extract
of poke root, used warm.
Moon Blindness.
I have a mare troubled with both eyes ;
at times she will be all right and then
both eyes will become closed. She is seven
years old and sound otherwise. I would
like to know whether it is her eyes or her
eyelids, or if there is any remedy?
New Jersey. w. b. t.
The disease is periodic ophthalmia (moon
blindness) and is incurable. It will cause
blindness of one or both eyes after suc¬
cessive attacks. Giving one dram of iodide
of potash in drinking water twice a day
at time of attack, and continuing for a
week after attack subsides helps to retard
blindness. The eyes may be kept covered
with a soft cloth to be kept saturated
with a solution of half a dram each of
sulphate of zinc and fluid extract of bella¬
donna leaves, 10 drops of carbolic acid
and one quart of cold water at time of
attack.
Periodic Ophthalima.
I have a four-year-old filly whose left
eye got injured in some way last Fall while
still in pasture, probably from a twig.
When brought in the lower part below the
pupil was covered with a milky film. A
short time later it covered the whole eye,
and eye had a watery discharge. About
four days later it returned to its former
condition, and up to the present time has
remained so ; the eye is dry and seems
all right but for this milky film. Will it
eventually spread and blind her, and what
can I do to remove it? g. s.
New York. ,
See answer under title of “moon blind¬
ness,” as this filly appears to have that
incurable disease, and should be treated in
the way advised for the other case.
a. s. A.
The Most Economical
Engine Ever Built
pEOPUK everywhere are rejoicing that at last
they can have an engine that runs on coal oil
faultlessly. oAll this is the result of gasoline
going up because of the big automobile demand.
Kerosene costs 6 to 16c less per gallon than gasoline—
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1 his engine runs on less than half the eost. of a gnso-
line engine right now* Also runs on any engine fuel.
Perfection Kerosene Engine
15 Days’ Free Trial
You can have this rcmarkablo
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Try it thoroughly for 15 days. If
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engine to your dealer and
every dollar you have paid
for it will bo refunded
cheerfully.
AND DON’T MISS our
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a copy from your deal¬
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carry the “Perfection, "
write to us. ^
Caille Perfection h,,,, , , . 1
Motor Company, 211 Second Av., Detroit, Mich.
How CariYou Afford
to be without A Gasoline Engine' >r\(J—
When the Price is made so Low-" U 7
Yon know the value of a gas¬
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Surely it hasn’t been that you
doubted the wonderful, many sided
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have hesitated. Price has caused
thousands to delay— you perhaps.
But price cuts no figure now for the
price of the Little Giant horse
power Engine has been tumbled
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Robs Farm
Work of the
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An Engine of Superior
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LET A LITTLE GIANT
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and sharpen your tools.
These are but a few of
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a great deal more than
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LITTLE
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are
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v iVUXJ 8e]]< We know from past ex¬
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SIZES AND PRICES
Prices quoted below are for engines f. o. b. factory, near Chicago.
EE 93200— Size of engine.abj li. p; bore l in.;
stroke 6 in.; normal speed 400 li. P. M.; piston speed
400 ft. per minute; pulley 6x6 in.; floor spare 24x57;
height to top of tank 4b in.; approximate shipping
Priced550.!"8: . $69.75
EF 83202— Size of engine, ■ i li.ii; bore 5 in.;
stroke 1% in.; normal speed 400 li. P. M. ; piston speed
500 ft. per minute; pulley 8x 6 in.; floor space 26 x 57;
height 52 inches. Approximate shipping weight
S'o”'. . $89.50
The Biggest Gasoline
Engine Value Ever Ofiered
For many years this successful engino has served as
a model for other manufacturers. However, not a single
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is simple — easy to run — easy to start. It is powerful
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half pints of gasoline on hour are required.
You will own a gasoline engino Borne day. Why not get
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ASK FOR A COPY OF OUR GASOLINE ENGINE CATALOGUE
Montgomery Ward & Co.
CHICAGO AND KANSAS CITY
19tli and Campbell Sts., KANSAS CITY 143 Chicago Avenue Bridge, CHICAGO
JACOBSON
SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING
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The Agency is available in some sections and
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JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO.
Ill Irvine Street Warren, Pa.
SAVE HALF THE LABOR
in sawing wood. You can do
this and at the same time,
cut more wood in a given
, time than in any other way
by using
Table is mounted on grooved rolls, moves
easily — cut of saw is down instead of
against the operator as in old style ma¬
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manufacture Drag Saws, Saw and Shingle Mills,
get our prices on Cunvns Belting; they will surprise you.
Send forprlces and fall information.” “Ask about Hoists,"
Ireland Machine & Foundry Co. ,14 State St.,Norwich,N. V.
Low Factory Price Sells This
“ 30 Days’ Trial-No Money Down
Freight Paid No Mailer Where You Live
We manufacture the Cultivator you want in the Spring Tooth, Pivot Axle, or
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. W e show here the original spring-tooth cultivator brought down to 19U perfec¬
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Also a perfect Broadcast Seeder and Bean Harvester with simple attachments.
Detroit - American If1 cUhTr
No other cultivators made, regardless of prices asked, compare with Detroit-
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Write for free book. See the cultivator you want at the right price. Also shows
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Cultivator Quick
302
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
March 4,
SHEEP FARMING BY PROXY.
I have a 40-acre farm in Rockland Co.,
N. Y. About six acres could be put in
crops — the rest in rocky pasture. We
have about 12 tons of hay and three head
of cattle to feed. A relative lives on the
farm. Could I start with sheep on this
basis with fair chance of success? If so —
how ? E. w.
Sheep farming by proxy, even by
a city man, ought to be a successful
experiment, provided the caretaker is
thoroughly interested in the undertaking
and also the flock, for interest is of vital
necessity in all branches of stock farm¬
ing as in anything else. You say that
you have a farm of 40 acres that has
but six acres of mowing which will cut
12 tons of hay; this I think offers a good
inducement for sheep. Judging from
what you write I should think that your
pasture was about the size of mine. We
have kept 'GO head of sheep and lambs,
besides six cows in our pasture. The
cattle were taken out of it in August, but
the sheep would get their own living and
keep fat' iii it until Winter set in. I
believe in sheep. I think I would rather
care for them than for any other ani¬
mal. I always make pets of the leaders,
thereby giving me entire control over
the flock.
If you buy a flock of sheep this Win¬
ter, turn them at once into your pas¬
ture for exercise. Do not let them roam
at will over the mowings, for if you do
they will remember the privilege and
will be likely to give you trouble by
getting out of the pasture in the Spring.
Provide a warm place for them to lamb ;
watch thepi closely to see that they are
placed in it in time, so the young lambs
will not get chilled. It is often necessary,
at first, -to .hold the young ewes for the
lambs to suckle, but if they are alone
with them they will usually attend to
them very well. Enclose your pasture,
before putting in »the sheep, with woven
wire, which is dog-proof, and you can
attend to your business in New York,
knowing that your sheep are in their
pasture and the dogs are without. There
is no reason why sheep on a stony,
bushy pasture will not do well if their
mortal enemy, the dog, is fenced out.
You can easily keep your sheep behind
a wall that is properly strung with wire.
This is the only fence we have ever
used ; but right here lies our mistake ;
for while it keeps the sheep in, it does
not keep the dogs out.
The all-important factor in sheep¬
breeding is to own a good ram. Or¬
dinary-sized sheep can be bred up into
being a fine flock if they are rightly
bred. Twice we spoiled our lambs by
not guarding against inbreeding. All
ram lambs must be out of the flock be¬
fore September; if they are not re¬
moved inbreeding will be the result. It
is often better if yearling ewes do not
lamb, as they will gain much by an¬
other year’s growth ; so do not be dis¬
couraged if some should fail to lamb the
first year.: In case of twins it is often
better to take one away and bring it up
as a cosset ; for it takes a good mother
properly to bring up two lambs. You
did not say whether you thought of hav¬
ings cows on your farm also. An old
milkdd-out cow will probably bring to
you a fine calf which you can either fat¬
ten or raise as you see fit. In either
way it will be profitable, for you can
Tatten the cow easily for market in the
Fall. This is merely a suggestion, but
it seems to me that such cows kept in
connection with the sheep, on your farm,
would be profitable for a man farming
by proxy.
I do not like to tell the dark side of
my experience, as I dislike to discourage
any one ; but I feel as if I ought to
impress more firmly what I said about
guarding against dogs destroying in a
single night the hard work of years.
This is the only real drawback there is
in sheep farming. It disheartens the
farmer, and he is likely to give up just
when he should keep on. Suppose you
buy 30 sheep. You could reasonably
expect them to have thirty lambs; some
will probably have twins which will bal¬
ance the loss of those that do not have
and those that die. Half of these lambs
would likely be ewes, which would give
you 45 sheep for the next year. The
other half would bring you a nice profit
and the wool would pay for their keep¬
ing. Old sheep do not cut as good
fleeces as the young sheep, but are us¬
ually the best mothers. If the sheep lose
their wool early in the Spring it is be¬
cause they were' thin, but they will fat¬
ten quickly on the grass. In this case
shear them at once and house them
nights until settled weather. In a good
flock you will shear about five pounds
to the sheep, which of late years has
brought from 25 to 35 cents a pound
for unwashed wool. Sheep breeding is
not a royal road to riches, yet it can be
very profitable. If you have a few head
of cattle running with your sheep you
will probably find it more profitable in
the long run. You will be apt to. receive
good returns from one or the other each
season, as prices and conditions on the
farm will vary from year to year. Sheep
that run with cows are not apt to prove
troublesome, and all the calves that you
can raise by proxy will bring good re¬
turns. SUSAN JEWETT HOWE.
Warts on Heifer.
I have a heifer two years old which
will be fresh in February, which has some
skin disease which resembles seed warts,
affecting different parts of her body, tail,,
udder and teats. Her teats are completely
covered with these pedicles, which are
seemingly an inch long. I washed the
affected parts with a solution of bichloride
of mercury morning and evening for two
days ; then used a mixture of sulphur and
lard. While it seems to be somewhat bet¬
ter, it is not improving fast enough to
make me believe, my treatment is correct.
It is worse on the warmer parts of her
body, making me believe it is something on
the order of scabies, but it does not yield
to the same treatment. Please state the
name and the treatment of the disease.
West Virginia. T. F. L.
Scabies, is due to the mites of that
disease and in no way .resembles the con¬
dition you describe. Warts (angle berries)
are quite common in cattle and are present
on your heifer. Once or. twice, daily rub
affected parts thoroughly with best cold
pressed castor oil and after a time the
warts will disappear. Warts not on the
teats or udder may simply- be ■ twisted out
and the bases lightly touched with a red
hot iron to strip the bleeding. a. s. a.
The
You Want
Strength
In Your Spreader
Don’t let anyone fool you into buying a
light pine and cast iron spreader. You know
It can't stand the strain. Get one with oak,
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WESTERN
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your name now for big Art Catalog No S39 then
Bee the Great Western dealer in your town.
Write today.
Smith Mlg. Company
158 E. Harrison St., Chicago, HI.
EMPIRE FENCE
Get the genuine EMPIRE big
k wire fence, direct, at wholesale.
..,%Savo dealer’s profits.
Big Factory. Big
Sales, 23 Styles
No traveling salesmen, small
, _ expense, prices low. Every¬
thing guaranteed. Free samples by
mail. Prices of leading styles freight pre¬
paid to all points north of the Ohio and
cast of the Mississippi River: —
Whoa laches high Medium Weight Extra heavy (all No.9)
0 39 23c per rod 37c per rod
10 47 26c per rod 41c per rod
12 65 82c per rod 49c per rod
Special rates beyond this territory.
BONO STEEL POST CO.. 23 E. Mauuee St., Adrian, Mich.
Vlarlm
REPEATING RIFLE
You can buy no better gun
for target work and all
small game up to
200 yards.
Model
20 _
Without
change of
mechanism it
handles .22 short,
long or long-rifle cartridges
perfectly. The deep Ballard
rifling develops maximum power and
accuracy and adds years to the life of rifles.
TH« *olid top it protection from defective cartridges — prevents powder and
Bases from being blown back. The side ejection never lets ejected sheila
spoil your bead and allows quick, accurate repeat shots. With simple take¬
down construction, removable action parts, — least parts of any .22 — it is the
quickest and easiest t* clean. A great vacation rifle. Ask any gun dealer.
The 136pa?e 777(ir/Sfi catalog at* m /. />. /-
will help you decide what rifle //ie Z/lOril/1 /'ireOT/JlS LO.
best suits your individual desires. ,r. _
Send 3 stamps for it today. I51 Willow Street Naw Haven, Conn.
13i Cents a Rod
- Forl8-In. 14 3-4efor 22-in. Hog ' ’
Fence; 15e tor 26-Inch; 18 3-4e
for 32-inch; 25e for a 47-inch
Farm Fence. 48-inch Poultry
fence 28 l-2e. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
FROST
WIRE FENCES
A Tleavy Fence made of Hard wire,
built with one purpose in view,
that of lasting and satisfactory
service. No repairs. Free catalog
upon request. Ask your dealer.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dept. H CLEVELAND, O.
Heaviest Fence Made
Heaviest Galvanizing
We make i6o styles. Horse
cattle, sheep, hog, and hull
proof fences made of No. 9
double galvanized wires
, and absolutely rust proof
-/.J— ,,-4 Bargain Prices:
14 cent, per Rod Cp
Poultry and Rabbit Proof
Fences, Lawn Fences and
vA Gates. Send for Catalog
and Free sample for test.
The Brown Fence & Wire Co.
Dept, 69 Cleveland. Ohio 1
3E SIDSXEEE
•pTf, '////. - w'
>1 in. .//. “
LAWN FENCE
Many designs. Cheap as
wood. 32 page Catalogue
free. Special Prices to
Churches and Cemeteries.
[Coiled Spring Fence Co.
Box 314 Winchester. Ind.
_ LAWN FENCE
Many Styles. Sold on trial at
wholesale prices. Save 20
to 30 per cent. Illustrated
Catalogue free. Write today.
KITSELMAN BROS.
Box 440 Muncie, Indian.
CMTHM TC STRONGEST
r KmNxjfML made, uu 11-
strong chick¬
en-tight Sold to the user at Wholesale
Prices. We Pay Freight. Catalogue free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,
Box 2 63 Winchester, Indiana.
3 ~
'
CYCLONE
Fences and Gates for Farm, Home,
Parks or Cemeteries. Increase prop¬
erty values. Strong, Lasting, Hand¬
some. Easily erected— all heights up to 10 feet. Our
catalog and prices will interest you. We pay freight.
The cyclone woven Wire fence Co.
1237 E 50th STREET CLEVELAND, OHIO
CATA¬
LOG
IRON
WFREE
AND WIRE
HIGH CRAOE
FENCES
PUR¬
POSES
ENTERPRISE FOUNDRYAND FENCE COMPANY
1225 East 24th Street, Indianapolis, Ind.
iECAUSE
the fence
gradually
will pay for the luxur¬
ies, season by season.
How? By enabling you to
turn your waste into cash.
Fence your farm off into a sufficient
number of fields to get the proper rotation
of crops and the most advantageous pastur¬
ing and your cash returns each season are bound
to increase. The farmer still using the old system
of big fields is losing money through waste. The fields
of your farm are like tables in a restaurant. The more
tables the more people served and the greater the profit.
The steel In Ellwood fence is specially made for the purpose from
carefully selected stock. It is hard, elastic, tough and springy.
The line wires, composed of two or more wires twisted into cables,
give each individual wire the shape of an elongated coiled spring. The
fence is therefore sufficiently elastic to take care of expansion and con¬
traction, and yet so rigid when properly stretched as to prevent sagging.
The small arid permanent mesh is made by weaving one continuous wire
throughout the fabric. The mesh or slay wires are so interwoven that slipping
is impossible. The triangular truss is the strongest form of construction known.
For this reason, Ellwood fence will stand hardest usage and still retain its shape.
Ellwood Fence is sold in your town. dealer and let him
show you his different styles of fence andquote you his low prices. Get his expert
advice on your special needs. He is on the spot, buys in large quantities, gets the
lowest carload freight rates, demonstrates quality before your eyes and is the maa
from whom you will get the most for your money.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice-President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver San Francisco
Send for copy of “Ellwood Fence News,” profusely illustrated, devoted to the interests of farmers and show-
ing how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm* Furnished free upon application*
1911.
THE KURAb NEW-YORKER
303
GRINDING FEED.
After feeding corn and cob meal for
some time, I was told by some friends,
older and more experienced than I, that
the cobs would prove injurious to the
digestive tract of the cattle and cause
them to scour and pass blood mixed
with mucus. Such troubles did not
appear for several weeks, they said, but
were certain to come sooner or later.
And they did, so I shell the corn before
grinding and have a lot of cobs to burn.
Cobs make hot fires, and easily pay for
the shelling. Is it a waste of feed to
shell corn and burn the cobs? I do not
think so, and I can show that I am right.
One bushel of 68 pounds of corn and cob
meal contains 3.08 pounds protein and
an energy value of 48.99 therms, while
a bushel of meal from shelled corn
weighing 56 pounds contains 3.80 pounds
of protein and 49.75 therms of energy.
So there is a neat margin in favor of
the plain meal. These figures are for
bushels by weight, are taken from Farm¬
ers’ Bulletin No. 346, and are for di¬
gestible protein and net energy values.
After changing from the cob meal to
the plain meal the steers soon become
all right again. The only advantage in
using corn and cob meal is that it is
more bulky than plain meal, a fact that
is of but little importance when hay
and fodder are eaten by the cattle. The
bad effect of the corn and cob meal is
undoubtedly due to the sharp, hard parts
of the cobs not being thoroughly pulver¬
ized in grinding. To make the cob
particles fine by grinding is too expen¬
sive. Before the ears are dry enough to
shell readily the cobs do not seem to be
injurious to cattle, but later, portions
of the cobs take on a flinty hardness re¬
sembling the shells of walnuts. Corn
and cob meal weighs 38 pounds to the
measured bushel and a measured bushel
of plain meal about 50 pounds. Shelled
corn increases in bulk about one-sixth
by grinding, so that one must allow for
this when feeding by measure. Also, it
is well to remember that all ordinary
tin vessels are rated by fluid measure,
and that a bushel holds 32 quarts dry
measure and about 38 quarts fluid meas¬
ure.
The expense for grinding shelled corn
as compared with ear corn is about the
same bulk for bulk; in other words, it
costs as much to grind 34 pounds of ears
as it does to grind 56 pounds of shelled
corn. I find that it costs about one
cent per bushel for gasoline to grind
shelled corn and two cents per bushel
of ear corn, 68 pounds. In other words,
my two-horse power engine will grind
80 bushels in 10 hours and con¬
sume five gallons of gasoline at 15 cents
per gallon. Running on coal oil the
cost would be 50 cents per day. I
would like to get reports from those
who are using gasoline engine on steady
work requiring about all the power the
engine is capable of developing, as to
the quantity of gasoline actually used
per horse power per hour. Put an even
gallon of gasoline in the tank and keep
an account of the number of bushels
of feed ground or the number of hours
the engine runs. Give the kind of en¬
gine, whether two-cycle or four-cycle,
the horse power it is rated for and the
kind of work done and the amount.
Such reports should prove interesting
and be of value to those in need of
power. w. E. duckwaix.
Ohio.
The Frosted Bit. — The comparison
M. E. M. makes on page 1190 of what
takes place, in a horse’s mouth when a
frosty bit is placed in it is true and a
pood illustration, but it is not half
strong enough. As an exact and very
fitting one the writer once saw a small
child place its tongue on an iron pump
spout on a cold day. Its tongue stuck
to the spout for some seconds and the
little one’s agony was pitiful to behold.
Although the incident happened years
ago the writer has never forgotten it.
If these lines happen to fall under the
eye of some careless teamster and make
him more merciful to his beast per¬
haps the little child will not have suf¬
fered in vain. S. P. A.
Y?
Make
- your
Wm Calves
Develop into
MOO Cows
Don’t ‘'veal” your
calves. Make them build
up your dairy herd. Raise them
away from the cow. Save 50 cents to
75 cents a day on the milk they would con¬
sume. Feed them
e (jregson's Qlfffeal
The Substitute for Milk
Calves eat it, thrive on it — “moo” for more — grow into
strong, sleek, money-making milch cows. Contains just the
right amount of every form of rich nourishment necessary
for calves. A kiln-dried, sterilized meal, perfectly balanced.
You cannot afford to feed milk when Gregson’s Calf Meal
costs but 5 cents per day. If your dealer hasn’t “Quality
Feeds , ’* write us. Send for interesting free folder.
The GREAT WESTERN CEREAL CO. IZ*. Chicago
MAKERS OF QUALITY FEEDS
Boss Foe <1, Gregson’aCalf Meal, Daisy DairyFeed, Sterling Scratch Feed, Sterling Chick Feed
BRANCHES
Boston, New York, Pittsburg, Philadelphia, St, Louis, Indianapolis, Memphis
Theresa FREE
Copy For You
Write For It Today
Murray 1911 Style Book, just out, is the
most complete and best Book of the kind; 178
pages; 251 illustrations, many in colors; 138
styles of V e h i c 1 e 9 , 74
styles Harness, all direct
fromthe MurrayFactory.
See our Wagon Leader,
page 101, and Special
Harness Bargain,
page 143.
“AUiA/iao
9X
Vehicles
Are sold with privilege of 4 weeks actual
road test. No buying a “pig in a poke”! You
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Murray "Highest Award” Buggies Direct From
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Before buying Vehicles, Harness or Saddles
from any Manufacturer, Dealer or Mail Order
House, get your copy of tho 1911 Free Murray
Style Book and compare “Murray” prices with
ak all others. Even If you need nothing
M | right now, send for this Book, anyway.
We Want Our 1911 Catalog in the
Home ol Every Farmer In America.
Wilber H. Murray M'I’jj Co.,
308 E. 5th SL, Cincinnati, O. C
- |
“Muma// ” *« =•
Cincinnati, Ohio ■
send my Free Copy of Murray |
Please
| Style Book — no obligation on my part.
, Name .
. Address...
I
I
UICK
Highest Grade— Sanitary
Not a particle of wood about them.
Quick to open — Quick to close —
Quick to please — Quick shipments.
Aak for 1910 Catalogue.
BOWEN & WICK, Mfn. Auburn. N. Y.
$100 BUYS A
FULL ROLL
(108 sq. ft.)
of strictly high grade roof •
ing, either rubier or flint
coat surface, with cement
and nails complete.
Most liberal offer ever
made on a first class roof¬
ing. Better than goods
that sell at much higher
prices. Don’t spend a dol¬
lar on roofing until you
have seen
ASPHALT ROOFING
You send no money when
you order Unito Hoofing.
Satisfaction Guaranteed,
W rite today for f ree Cata-
logue and free samples
for test and comparison
and our unparalleled sell¬
ing plan.
Iron and Steel
ROOFING
Send today for Free
Book and bottom Fac¬
tory Prices on Metal
Hoofing and Siding.
Better than you can
buy elsewhere at any
price. Shipped at our
risk. You
Send No Money
so you take no risk. Our
guarantee and see-what-
jou-buy- before - pay ! ng
Plan apecify you pay
nothing unless fully sat¬
isfied. Don't buy till
you get our prices and
FREE ROOFERS'
GUIDE. Writ© for this
Book today.
PAINT
Try Unito
paint free. If
it does not
spread best,
go farthest,
look best,
after you
have used
one-fifth
send rest
back and it
will coflt you noth-
In*. Unito )>aiat
is guaranteed for
firo years — sold
at Real Factory
Prices. Send for
Frco Color Card
and big f ree cata¬
logue showing all
kindBandlow cost
to you.
Wonderful bargains in
Unito Buggies. Latest
styles to choose from—
each absolutely guaran¬
teed and sent on SO days’
trial. Don't pay 815 to 825
extra to dealer for less
value. Order a
Unito Buggy
on our trial offer and prove for your¬
self that it is best. Writo today
for our big free catalogue.
Unito Gas Engine
Let us send you a Unito
Engine on our No-Money-
in-Advance FREE trial.
Use it — prove it. Com¬
pare it with any other
make— then It you don't
want to keep it, send
it back— we refund even
freight charges. Made
In all styles and sizes—
lowest prices— all guar¬
anteed. Ask for FREE
catalogue.
mm;
FARM
IMPLEMENTS
Everything from
garden tools to
heavy power ma¬
chinery. Fully
guaranteed. Sent
on Free Trial to sell
themselves by their
dependability and
high quality. Real
factory prices save
you big money.
Send for big free
catalogue.
Farm Fence
Extra, quality fence
— all sty lea and Bizea
— rockbottom prices.
Perfect poultry gar¬
den and stock fence,
extra close worCn at
bottom to keep out
even little chicks,
and wider and strong¬
er at top tc turn hogs
and cattle. Don’t buy
fence till you get our
Factory price. Frco
catalogue on request.
SEWING
MACHINES
Don’t pay deal¬
ers’ or agents’
prices when we
guarantee you
better quality
ata bigsaving.
Any Unito ma¬
chine on 30
days’ free trial.
Be. and provo for
youraeif beforo you
p*y. Got cmttloKUO.
The United Factories Company consists of a number of factories co-operating under one selling
head, to deliver direct to consumer— Tho Best Goods at tho Lowest Prices. Write today for our
Big Book explaining the plan that will save you money, mentioning articles interested In.
The United Factories Company, Station A-3 It Cleveland, Ohio
Palls and
Pails of Milk
fills
full and foaming over, is what the up-to-date dairyman gets
who gives his milch cows small daily doses of Dr. Hess
Stock Food in their grain ration. No hard times on his farm
no talk about “farming don’t pay” — just a full pocket-
book and prosperity. Dr. Hess Stock Food has reason
back of it. It is formulated on scientific principles, by
a practical stockman — Dr. Hess (M. D., D. V. S.) and
_ . i ; t l . 1 4 too \iVA« JV. , J-/* V • O./ dllU
a want long recognized by the American dairyman — a suitable digestive tonic for live stock.
DB HESS STOCK F08D
acts directly on the digestive organs. It gives them tone and strength. It causes the largest possible percentage of
ay and grain to digest and pass into the blood to be secreted as milk. For the same reason (increased digestion)
it hastens fatting in the stall-fed steer, the market hog and the spring lamb. “The poorest ration, thoroughly
digested, is better than the best ration poorly digested.”. This is “The Dr. Hess Idea” of feeding and
its success fully warrants the faith which stockmen everywhere place in it. If you want to have fat,
sleek and profitable farm stock, use Dr. Hess Stock Food. It relieves minor stock ailments.
100 lbs. *5.00, Except in Canada and extreme West and South. Smaller quail- DR. HESS & CLARK
ID. pall 9I.0O. titles at a slight advance. Sold on a written guarantee. Ashland, Ohio
Also Manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.
Free from the 1st to the 10th of each month— Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.)
will prescribe for your ailing animals, !)S-page Veterinary Book
_nce. Send 2c stamp and mention this paper.
DR. HESS POULTRY PAN^A^CE^A is the foundation of present day poultry
, ' jr . Y 1 ■ M ** success. It increases appetite and assimi¬
lation— hence the egg yield. It hurries the growing chick. It makes market birds fat faster. It shortens the
moulting period and cures roup, cholera, gapes, etc. A penny’s worth feeds 30 fowls one day. Sold on a written
guarantee. •
lbs. 25c, mail or express, 40c; 5 lbs. 60c ; 12 lbs. 51.25 ; 25 lb. pall $2.50.
Except in Canada and extreme West and South.
Send 2c for Dr. Hess 48-page Poultry Book, free.
INSTANT LOUSE KILLER KILLS LICE
304
THE RURAb NEW-YORKEK.
March 4, 1911.
be
candid
with us
We ask you frankly
whether you are in
the market for a
cream separator, pro¬
vided we save you one-
half or more on a good
machine that will ab¬
solutely satisfy you
and meet every re¬
quirement?
Wouldn’t you like
to save that money?
Then ask for our
Economy Chief Dairy
Guide with our 1911
proposition new low-
water -mark prices,
$27.90 and up.
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Chicago, Illinois
Dairymen, Take a Look at the
STR1TE GOVERNOR PULLEY
Its the original and •' only
thing for driving cream sep¬
arators with gasoline en¬
gines. Once tried, always
used. TRY ONK. Ask your
dealer for a « ST KITE” or
write ur direct. Don’t take
an imitation. MtJ
Strite Governor Pulley Co.
357 South Third Street
Minneapolis, Minn.
Milk Fever Outfits.
DT5 llOll NEKS, Teat Syphons, Slitters,
Dilators, etc. Received only award
World’s Fairs Chicago and St. Louis.
Write for Illustrated Catalogue.
HAUS.SMANN & DUNN CO.
393 South Clark Street, Chicago, Ill.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or flue granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1814
R. MacKELLAR’.S SONS 00., Peekskill, N. Y.
NATURAL Ground PHOSPHATE
In Rotating Your
Crops don’t fail J
to apply Natural
Fine-Ground
Phosphate when
breaking your clover,
grass or grain stubble
sods. iThis is the best
time to apply it to the
soil direct. Address,
THE RELIABLE
LAND
‘ BUILD¬
ER
The right amount
applied just then,
at not over $1.00
per acre cost per
crop, will increase
„ each crop grown dur¬
ing the rotation from 50
to 75* Write for free
Booklet, telling all
about it.
soil uirect. nuuics^j^u/w. ... MTPI FA'IAWT
THE FARMERS GROUND ROCK PHOSPHATE CO. TENNESSEE
RET SSOQB® TO 8I00PPER ACRE
Growing
W Oranges, Grapefruit, Vegetables.
5? Thousands of satisfied setders are making
f INDEPENDENT FORTUNES
V You are offered the same opportunity. Buy a ,
£ few acres now while the land is cheap — prices are *|
'■ advancing. Quick transportation to the best Eaft- 9
| era and Northern Markets via the S. A. L. Ry.
Ideal climate year round — no freezes, no extreme
heat — abundance of pure water — plenty of
satisfactory labor.
It’s America’s Fruit and Garden Market.
An instructive booklet fully describing
this country will be sent free.
J. W. WHITE. Gen ’I Industrial Agt.
Dept. A S. A. L Ry.
NORFOLK, VA.
ADVANTAGES OF TRAP-NESTING HENS. ]
On page 1211, James E. Walter, Jr., of
Virginia, told about the hen Queen Lil,
and referred to the Champion trap nests.
What about them? C. E. s.
Mineral City, O.
I doubt if C. E. S. would find the
Champion trap-nest satisfactory. After
improving the Champion in several ways
and using them for two years we are
not satisfied with them. Even when
carefully handled and watched con¬
stantly a hen will sometimes get out,
or at other times a curtain will hang
in some way, letting a hen pass out
after laying, thus breaking into her
record and foiling the pleasure of the
work. Trap-nesting is, I think, the most
pleasant of all work on a poultry farm.
You get nearer your flock in this way
than is possible by any other method.
You know exactly what each hen is do¬
ing, and to breed up a flock of heavy
layers this is necessary, but you have
to be on the job 365 days in the year,
and every hour in each day. I think
one man could probably trap-nest 500
hens, do all necessary work and raise
the 500 pullets for renewing the flock
the following season, besides attending
to the 75 breeders necessary for raising
this number of pullets. I would count
on about 3,000 eggs from the 75 hens
between February 15 and April 15, and
I could not count on more than the 500
pullets from this number of eggs. There
are some poultrymen who claim that the j
trap-nest is of no value, but the experi- J
ence of others who have used the nest ;
for a few years proves that it is of
value and really necessary for the breed¬
ing of the heavy layers as well as the
exhibition birds. The trap-nest also
proves that the hens making the big
egg records are not “freak” hens, as
claimed by some, but are capable of re¬
producing their kind, and that the egg
yield of their pullets will he greater
than that of the average flock. There
are other advantages, too, to consider in
this work.
Suppose we step into a poultry house
containing 100 pullets for a few minutes
and see what the trap-nester sees every
day in his rounds. The first thing we
notice as we step in the door is the
battery of trap-nests, 12 of them, and all
closed. We draw out a nest, lift out
the hen; band No. 160. Well, if we
had noticed the egg we would not have
had to look at the number on her leg,
for if has a groove in the shell running
from one end to the other, passing en¬
tirely around the egg. The next hen is
No. 230; this is the hen that lays the
big chalk-white egg, but she only lays
about every other day and takes long
rests, so at the end of the year you only
have a small profit from her. The third
pullet taken out is without a band ; she
has been going on the nest almost daily
for a month or more, hut has never laid
an egg. You recognize her by that
pretty red comb, long hack and perfect
egg type. Owing to her beauty you let
her run for a week or two longer, hoping
she will lay, but at last you find she
never will, so you sell her for table pur¬
poses. The fourth lien is No. 310 ; either
her eggs are soft-shell or “pigeon” eggs
and of no value. The others are all do¬
ing very well, making fair records with
nice sized eggs, and you speak to them
kindly as you turn them off. In the
last nest you open you find one of your
pets ; she is laying 20 to 25 eggs every
month and you must notice her condi¬
tion constantly and not let her get poor
and stop laying, as she will certainly do
without a little extra corn or a few
scraps from the table when you turn
her off the nest. Don’t he afraid of
getting a laying Leghorn too fat to lay
j so long as you are feeding a variety of
i grain and a good dry mash. Again,
don’t get it into .your head that a va-’
riety means a change. Choose your
ration, include in it three or four kinds
of grain, a good dry mash and plenty of
green food, and then stick to it through
thick and thin, even if every hen on the
farm goes on strike ; don’t make a
change, for I believe the hen has to
change the gear of her machinery every
time you change the ration for her.
When you do have to make a change
owing to the cost or scarcity of some
grain, let it be very gradual. I never
make a change unless from one of the
causes mentioned, hut I do vary the
amount of each grain, taking tempera¬
ture and general condition of flock as a
guide. I have also gradually changed
the proportion of meat in the dry mash
since I trap-nested Queen Lil two years
ago. I used then 10 per cent, now we
are using 25 per cent and also keeping
it separate in hoppers for them at all
times. Remember, we are handling Leg¬
horns. This would probably be too
much meat for other breeds, so study
your breed as well as your feed.
Virginia. jas. e. Walter, jr.
QUICK FREIGHT PREPAID NOW
on “BREGO” high quality
ROOFING
Investigate how carefully we make “BRECO” Rubber Roofing in our own factory, by a special process,
of done-fibre wool felt saturated in asphalt, heavily coated on both sides with flexible waterproof
compound. Absolutely guaranteed to be waterproof, fire-resisting and durable.
Get these Free Samples
of 1-ply, 2-ply and 3-ply roofing and prove to
your own satisfaction that “BRECO" Rubber
Roofing is positively the best roofing ever
made. “BRECO” Roofing will cost you 50
per cent less direct from factory. We pay
the freight to all points east of the western
boundary line of Minnesota, Iowa and Missouri
and north of the south line of Tennessee. Write
at once— and get the benefit of this remarkable i
offer. Satisfaction guaranteed or money back.
THE BREESE BROS. CO.
Roofing Dept. 11 Cincinnati, Ohio
Ui*£>*> Cement and Special Roof-
* * ing Nails Inclosed Ui /
each roll.
Hammer
lays It
mi
Perfect Equipment is THE Secret of Our Success!
With the experience gained in operating the largest Poultry Plant in the TV orld, our
■v knowledge of the several makes of incubators is greater than the manu¬
facturers’. For the sake of economy \\ E
built an incubator giving results never secured
by ary other make , and we now offer it to the
public. The
INTERNATIONAL
S elf- Humidifying
INCUBATOR
is responsible for our great success, and will give to the struggling beginner
all of the profits and none of the losses. Absolutely automatic in every
function, ^invariable temperature, certain moisture from the mo¬
ment of starting the hatch until nature requires a cessation in order
to properly drv the newly-liatched unit of future profit— so thor¬
oughly safeguarding its entrance into noultrydom as to guarantee
its livability when raised under the very acme of Foster
Mothers,” the
INTERNATIONAL
SANITARY
HOVERS
This Hover makes possible the rearing of the maximum of chicks and the minimum
of deaths _ 90 to 95 live and thrive and grow. It is the only device that contains
the active principle of the hen, and the ingenuity of man can go no further.
Our best efforts are centered in the production of Pay -Old-Chicks and Hatching
Eggs from matured stock. No pullets’ eggs are used except for table
DurposCs
We have just completed our 1911 catalog on incubators and hovers
also our stock catalogue on Knncocaa Strain HAltl CHICKS and
HATCHING EGGS. You are welcome to either or botli ot these
catalogs. Send to-day.
INTERNATIONAL POULTRY SALES COMPANY
Home Office, Box 285, Brown’s Mills-in-the-Pines, N. J.
Branch, 21 Barclay Street, New York City
J
125 Egg Incubator and Brooder ?®Jh
Why pay more than our price? If ordered together we send
both machines for $10.00, and pay all the freight charges.
Hot water, double walls, dead-air space between, double glass doors, copper
tanks and boilers, self-regulating. Nursery underneath tho egg tray. Both
Incubator and Brooder shipped complete, with thermometers, lamps, egg-
testers — all ready to use when you receive them. All machines guaranteed.
_ Incubators are finished in natural colors showing the high grado lumber
used— no paint to cover inferior material. If you will compare our machines with others offered at anywhere
near ourprice, we will feel sure of your order. Don’t buy until you do this — you 11 save money. It pays to in¬
vestigate tho •‘Wisconsin’ before you buy. Send for tho free catalog today, or send in your order and save time.
WISCONSIN INCUBATOR CO.. Box I iS^Racine, Wis.
Wisconsin Incubators
are made of California
Redwood. Lamps
are galvanized iron.
O. K. Burners. Taylor
Thermometers,
This Illustration
shows the double trails
w ith a ir space between
Wisconsin Incubator Co., Racino. Wis. Vickory, Ohio
Gentlemen:— I am well pleased with your incubator. After I had
taken off one hatch, I could have sold it to several of my neiehbpra,
but I did not want to sell it. From the firet.hatch I got 97 chicks
from 100 ckks and if the eggs do not hatch it is not the fault of tho
incubator because it is perfect. MAIlY M. STULL.
Wisconsin Incubator Co., Racine, Wis. Grass Lake, Mich,
Dear Sirs:— I do not think thoro is a better machine on earth than
your incubator. From the first three hatches I got 115 chicks from
115 eggs, 105 chicks from 105 eggs and 109 chicks from 109 eggs.
No incubator on earth can beat that. 1 will stand by this state-
meat as I can prove it. A. JESSUP> R. No. 3.
BUCKEYES
50 EGG
INCUBATQR 1
6
Simple, self-regulating, complete.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchabla
egg. Sold on 40 days trial with money
'back in case of failure. 150,000 in use.
If your dealer doesn’t keep them write to us. We’ll send
you our catalogue and two books, “ Making Money the
Buckeye Way” and “51 Chicks from 50 Eggs,” Free.
THE BUCKEYE INCUBAIOR CO., 508 W. Euclid Avenue, Springfield, Ohio.
Builders of Buekeye Portable Poultry Houses
Sold Cheaper Than You Can Build Them.
One JIan and Hi&Son
— MADE —
$12,000
In One Year
with Poultry
Think of it! A 'good sized
__ fortune made in one year,
and the good part of it is anyone can do
if they follow similar successful, prac¬
tical experiences. Our big
112-Page Book Tells How
It is full of information gleaned from the
'successful experiences of the world’s most
prominent poultrymen.
In addition there are articles on the Possi¬
bilities of poultry raising on the ordinary
farm— which breeds are best — money-making
methods of raising ducks — how to feed — breed
— rear — market and hatch on a money-making
scale. Contains scores of letters from leading
poultrymen telling how they have succeeded
— their secrets of success. No book like it. No
book contains so many articles of actual, prac¬
tical, successful poultry raising experiences.
Write Your Name on a Postal
mail it today and insure getting a copy before
the edition is exhausted.
Describes the 1911 Sand Tray Prairie State
Incubators, Universal Hovers, Colony Houses,
etc., which are revelations in artificial incu¬
bation machinery. Be sure to write for book
today. Free— prepaid.
PltAIBIE STATE INCUBATOR CO.
406 Main Street Homer City, Pa.
MAKE HENS LAYH
more eggs: larger, more vigorous chicks;
heavier fowls, by feeding cut bone.
UIUIDC LATEST MODEL
mANN O BONE CUTTER
1 cuts fast, easy, fine; never clogs.
1 10 Days' Free Trial. No money in advance. Book free.
HKF.W.MANN CO.. Box 16, MILFORD, MASS,
,,’S ARMY AUCTION BARGAINS
‘$11 H.00 SET ARMY POLE HARNESS $91 -8S
“ A t ^ Set Army Lead Team Harness $17.95 ^ 1 —
Army Saddles $3.00 up
ArmySbelterTents 1.00 up
ArmyUnif’ms,newl.25 ups
7-Shot Rifie Carbine 3.50
01dSide-ArmPistols.50 up
Side-Arm Sword .35 up
'SEND POSTAL TO-DAY'
'FOR FREE CIRCULAR!
Largest stock Government Auction llnrgalns in the world. 15
acres required for its storage. 304-pngo catalogue, over 4,000
illustrations of army and navy auction goods, Legular Military
Encyclopedia. Mailed for 15 cents (stamps).
CANNONS, FLAGS, PISTOLS, RIFLES, SPEARS, DRUMS, E U.
FRANCIS BANNERMAN, 501 Broadway, N. Y.
Why Rent a Farm
and be compelled to pay to your landlord most of
your hard-earned profits? Own your own
farm. Secure a Free Homestead in
Manitoba, Saskatchewan or Al¬
berta, or purchase land in one
of those districts and bank n
profit of $10.00 or $12.00
an aero every year.
Land purchased three years
| ago at $10.00 an acre has recently
changed hands at $25.00 an acre.
The crops grown on these lands
wurrant the advance. You can
m
Become Rich
by cattle raising, dairying, mixed farm¬
ing and grain growing in the prov¬
inces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan
and Alberta in Western Canada.
Free homestead and pre-emption
areas, as well as land held by railway
and land companies, will provide
homes for millions.
Adaptable soil, healthful climate,
splendid schools and churches and
good railways.
For settlers’ rates, descriptive litera¬
ture “Last Best West," how to reach
the country and other particulars, write
to 8up’t or Immigration, Ottawa, Cun-
ada, or to the Canadian Gov’t Agent.
Supt. ot Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
The huhae new-yorkeh
HUMOROUS
First Chauffeur: “Do you turn back
when you have run over a person?”
Second Chauffeur: “No, indeed; I might
run over him again.” — New York Sun.
Ryan : “For who ’re ye puttin’ up a
fince, Doyle, afther al’ th' years ye’ve
lived here widout?” Doyle: “Well, the
fact is, Barney, th’ docthor’s bin at us t’
take precautions again thim microbes
ye’ve heard of.”— St. Louis Star.
“For a Spring chicken, madam,” said
Dawson, “I must confess that I consider
this a pretty tough bird.” “Yes, Mr.
Dawson,” replied the landlady, amiably,
“but you must remember that we have
had a pretty tough Spring.” — Harper’s
Weekly.
“But, Bertha, how did you make the
acquaintance of your second husband?”
“It was quite romantic. I was out walk¬
ing with my first, when my second came
along in a motor car, and ran him down.
That was the beginning of our friend¬
ship.” — Credit Lost.
“Good morning, sir,” said the artist,
politely, “that’s a perfect cow of yours
down there in the field. I’d like to paint
her if you don’t mind.” “By heck!” ex¬
claimed Farmer Korntop, “I reckon ye
won’t. Git outer hvar ! I’m tired o’ you
‘Perkins’ Purple Pills’ fellers.” — Cath¬
olic Standard and Times.
“This section is much more prosper¬
ous,” declared the Western farmer.
“Twenty years ago the ingredients of a
cyclone consisted of rag carpets, tin
pans and dog houses.” “And now?”
“Now the cyclones are fairly crowded
with grand pianos, Persian rugs and au¬
tomobiles.” — Kansas City •Journal.
“Did you get rid of the flies?” “I
don’t know,” said Mrs. Corntossel.
"After we had burned carbolic acid on
a hot shovel and made a smudge of some
kind of powder and scattered oil of sas¬
safras around, I don’t believe any flies
could stay in the place. I know us folks
couldn't.” — Washington Star.
Yes," said Mrs. Wordsworth, “the
family are most interesting. John dances
divinely, Tom sings like an angel, David
is a famous footballer, Susanne paints
with great taste.” “And Henry?” “Oh,
Henry! Well, he’s rather a dull sort of
a fellow, you know. He only works and
supports the others. — Melbourne Aus¬
tralasian.
“Where’s your father?” asked the
man on horseback. “Up the river fish-
in’ ” answered the boy. “Where’s your
big brother?” “Down the river fishin’.”
“What are }rou doing?” “Diggin’ bait.”
"Hasn’t your family anything to do but
amuse itself?” “Mister, if you think
we’re doin’ this for fun, you wait an’
hear what maw says if we come home
without any fish.” — New York Journal.
Charles, two and a half years old,
has, naturally, a limited vocabulary, yet
he usually manages to express himself
and his emotions very clearly. The
other night a skunk was wandering near
the house and Charles learned for the
first time what the awful presence
meant, for bolt upright in bed he sat,
and gasped out, “O mama! Did you
smell that awful noise?” — Youth’s Com¬
panion.
The farmers were sitting around the
stove in the general store and telling
how the potato bugs had gotten their
crops. Said one farmer: “The bugs ate
my whole crop in two weeks.” Then
another spoke up : “They ate my crop
in two days and then sat around on the
trees and waited for me to plant more.”
Here the storekeeper broke in : “Well,
boys, that may be so, but I’ll tell you
'vhat I saw in this very store. I saw
four or five potato bugs examining the
books about a week before planting time
to see who had brought seed.”— National
Monthly,
Says He’s Glad He Ordered Direct
From My Advertisement:
J. V. Rohan, President
Belle City Incubator Co., Racine, Wis.
Avon, Mass., Oct. 16, 1910
My first hatch in the Belle City with eggs that were not very good was 76 per cent better
than the highest priced machine made, that I had standing alongside of it, as it hatched only 67
per cent. Later on I took out an 86 per cent hatch in my Belle City. I find I lost nothing by
ordering direct from your ad in the Rural New Yorker. You can count on me for from 4 to 8
machines this season. If all other Companies did business as near the claims they make as vot*
do, there wouldn t be much trouble in the business world. Wallace S. Reynolds
Avon, Mass.
Why not you? I guarantee to ship promptly every order received from this
advertisement on day received. Or send for my booklet “Hatching Facts* *
telling all about Belle City Incubators and Brooders and how it won World* s
Championship last season. Anyway read my remarkable offer below.
J. V. Rohan, President
«55 -g; 140-Egg
* Incubator Made
$4.85 Buys the Best Brooder
Both Incubator and Brooder, Ordered Together Cost You Only $1 1.50— Freight Prepaid
We Ship Quick From
Buffalo, Kansas City,
St. Paul or Racine
140-Egg Belle City
Incubator Only $755
Freight Prepaid East of Rockies •
WHY PAY MORE? Investigate-
send your name and address to¬
day, the easiest way, by postal
or letter. I tell you the prices right here
-and how my machines are made. You
can have thirty to ninety days’ trial on
both incubator and brooder — and I’ll send
all money back if they do not do all I
represent.
Be sure to send for my illustrated,
free booklet, “Hatching Facts.” But, if
in a hurry, you are perfectly safe in
ordering right now from this ad.
Thousands do this way every year. I
guarantee to ship all orders sent from
this ad on day received — (from ware¬
house nearest you or Racine.)
- No disappointments. Order a Com¬
plete 140-Chick Belle City Hatching
Outfit. Send only $11.50 for both
Incubator and Brooder — freight prepaid
(East of Rockies). You’ll surely need
the brooder, too. So make the savings.
Satisfaction Guaranteed or money
back. No risk, however you order
Belle City Worlds Champion
Incubator and Brooder
egg tray— high legs — double door — and everything that’s
any good on an incubator— all in the Belle City. “Tycos”
thermometer — egg tester — safety burner and lamp included.
The Belle City Brooder is the only one having double walls
and dead air spaces. I guarantee it to raise more healthy
chicks than any other brooder made. Hot-water top heat
—large, roomy, wire runway yard, with platform — metal
safety lamp and burner.
Full Directions and Poultry Guide Book
J. V. Rohan, President
Belle City Incubator Co., Box 48, Racine, Wis.
The editor of this paper knows me to be
responsible — I’ve advertised in this paper for
many years and treat my customers liberally.
I’ve always given my customers more for their
money than any other incubator manufacturer in
the world; that’s why we do so much business.
•*' Belle City Incubators will hatch more chickens
— under the same conditions — than any other
incubator made, or your money will be refunded.
This I guarantee. Double walls — dead air space
all over — 1203 copper tank — hot water heater
— best regulator — deep, roomy nursery — strong
Complete Hatching Outfit o»iy$ 1 1§2
Over 75,000 machines in use — all doing perfect
City should be your choice.
Send your order now or send a postal card
“Hatching Facts” booklet and full par¬
ticulars. Don’t pay more than my price.
No machines, at any price, are better
hatchers or brooders.
Mrs. M. J. Clifton, of Quinlan, Oklahoma,
won the World’s Championship with her
Belle City Incubator by hatching- the
highest perfectscore in Successful Farming's
1910 prize contest of 188 entries — 140-egg size
140 eggs set— 140 chicks hatched. This was
lOOw perfect on the full capacity of the
Belle City. Many other incubators selling
at from 2 to 5 times the low price of the
Belle City did not equal or even approach
this performance. Thousands of testimonials
show you Belle City can do best for you also.
140-Chick Belle
City Brooder
ONLY
*4.85
BURPEE’S “FORDHOOK” MELON ',
Two-thirds Size
‘THE SEAL OF
QUALITY”
Natural Size BURPEE’S ”DWARF-GIANT” TOMATO; Weight 18 ozs.
Your Garden and Burpee’s Seeds
THERE is one man in this
great Country of ours who
is helping the farmers,
great and small, in a permanent
way, and that man is W. Atlee
Burpee, of Philadelphia, Cali¬
fornia and the Planet Earth.
He mates plants, breeds, and
evolves Seeds that Grow.
Whether you plan to plant a
square yard of ground, an acre
or three acres, you should, for
your own protection and satis¬
faction, write Burpee.
Burpee knows what he is
talking about, and he give* Ser¬
vice plus. That is, he experi¬
ments with Seeds three hundred
sixty-five days each Y ear, at his
own expense, but only the
Best he sells to you.
This is an interesting fact :
Burpee experiments for you —
you don ’t experiment for Bur pee.
The Burpee Business is more
than that — it is a Friendship.
“My Friends” (what a fine
phrase for a Business Man !) —
that means honest treatment, fair
dealing, prompt service and
Seeds that Grow.
Burpee buys no seeds in the
Open Market. Burpee seeds
are grown by Burpee.
Burpee is a Busy Boy bent
on Benefiting you.
Burpee’s Customers are al¬
ways Burpee’s Customers.
Any man or woman, girl or
boy, who is interested in a
Garden, Flowers, or Home¬
grown Vegetables, would do well
to write to W. Atlee Burpee for
his Latest “Seed- Book.” Tt’s a
Garden Guide. . . The informa¬
tion given has not been gleaned
from an Encyclopedia ; it’s the
crystallized Garden Experience
of a Man who tells of things as he
knows them — W. Atlee Burpee.
You should have this Book —
and you may. Just Address
Burpee — Philadelphia.
The above advt. was written by the Editor,
' ELBERT HUBBARD, and appeared in
The I'ra , January, 1910. That “Fra
T_ 1 Elbertus," as the Editor is familiarly known,
ime and his fellow “Roycrofters" believe in
- BURPEE'S SEEDS is even better proven,
however, by the annual orders for their own
planting at East Aurora, N. Y.
Thirty-Five Famous Burpee-Specialties
Any “Four of the Finest ” Novelties— for 25 Cts.!
OC buys any Four of the Thirty-five
Flowers and Vegetables named in
this Advertisement; or you may select any Nine
for 50 cts.; any Fourteen varieties for 75 cts.; or
any Twenty varieties for One Dollar. All these
seeds are in regular size packets, costing 10 cts.
and 15 cts. per pkt.— if purchased separately.
Seventeen Superb Vegetables
Of the varieties enumerated below, all hut
one were first named and introduced by us!
98 Burpee’s Giant- Podded Pole Lima
By far the largest podded and most productive of all
Limas. For illustrations and description see pages 8 and 9
of Burpee's New Annual for 1911.
«5 Fordhook Bush Lima
of [the popular Potato Lima. For pods in natural colors
and description — sec page 6.
Make your own selection at the rate of
only five cents per packet (provided you buy
twenty varieties or more), and thus you will se¬
cure the Best Seed of the Choicest Novelties at
the same rate your neighbors pay for common
seed of old varieties at the village store. And
all the trouble you have is simply to check \J
the varieties wanted and. with your remittance,
return the Yellow Circular enclosed with each
EIurpee’s Annual with.your name and address.
Or you can order direct from this advertisement
—giving the numbers of varieties wanted.
33 Bush Bean---Fordhook Favorite
Quite unique— the only White-seeded .Stringless Green-
Pod. For illustration, description and prices— see pages
10 and 11 of Burpee's Annual for 1911.
i8i Beet---Burpee’s Black-Red Ball
Extremely early and of finest quality— see page 12.
:«)i Burpee’s Golden Bantam Sweet Corn
Earliest and best extreme early— most delicious in flavor.
For illustrations and descriptions — see pages 17 and 48.
310 “ Howling-Mob ” Sweet Corn
The best large-eared extra early white Sweet Corn. For
description — see page 48 of Burpee' s New Annual for 1911.
393 Fordhook Famous Cucumber
The most beautiful and best long, green cucumber— see
page 53 of Burpee's New Annual for 1911.
430 Burpee’s Black Beauty Egg Plant
Earliest and best of all large-fruited— see page 55.
470 Burpee’s “ Wayahead ” Lettuce
Earliest and most solid of all early Hutterhead Lettuces, i
— see page 19 of The Burpee Annual for 1911.
Nine New Sweet Peas
Your choice in regular packets (which, if pur¬
chased separately , would cost 10 cts. or 15 cts. per
packet) of any Four varieties 25 cts., or all Nine
for 50 cts.— postpaid to any American address.
3i46 Florence Nightingale 'blHft
lavender Spencer — see page 113 of Burpee's New Annual
3163 Mrs. Hugh Dickson * r c a m*- pf i n’k
Spencers— see page 112 of Burpee's Annual for 1911.
3168 Purple Prince Spencer d0efsctrws
most beautiful and distinct New Spencer— now first
offered — see page 113 of The Burpee Annual for 1911.
3131 America Spencer a men cl
— seepage 113 of Burpee' s New Annual for 1911.
Senator Spencer
WT Hirt-rhinv Beautiful buff and
. 1 . llUlUlllls blush-pink Spencer.
Paradise Ivory °5hpbS8S“
Superb Spencer Seedlings
Burpee’s Unequaled New Blend for 1911 —see page 118.
!>/-.€•#» Rarri An entirely new Grandi-
3013 KOSe QU I»arri flora, unique and distinct.
3173
3175
3164
3181
— see page 10 or 1 ne isurpec /mnuui iot 1/11. . . . . T>1
538 Burpee’s Brittle-Ice Lettuce NlI10 Other New » loWCFS
The most distinct and largest heading “ Crisp-Head
summer Lettuce — see page 59 of The Burpee Annual.
—at least so. far as the prime
•equisite for successful garden-
11 g is concerned, if you plant
Do You want a Copy of
Seeds That BURPEE’S NEW ANNUAL
FOR 1911? If so, name ^Uhe
Rural New-Yorker and write
TO-DAY!
3 UR PEE S
3row. ” To be sure they cost
nore than do the usual commer-
:ial grades— but did .you ever
stop to figure how insignificant
s the .first , cost. of seed compared
vith the after cost of labor and
:he value of resulting crops ?
575 Burpee’s Emerald Gem Musk Melon
First introduced by us in 1886, this has long been recog-
! nixed as the sweetest of all melons — sec page 63.
574 Burpee’s Fordhook Musk Melon
Pronounced equal to Emerald Gem in delicious flavor, the
melons carry to market as well as Burpee' s Netted Gem—
the famous Rocky Ford Melon — see pages 2 1 and 63.
611 Burpee’s “Halbert Honey” Watermelon
Fully equals the famous Kleckley Sweets in luscious flavor
and of better form— see page 26, Burpee's Annual for 1911.
676 Burpee’s Golden Globe Onion
Earliest and longest keeping of globe-shaped — see page 72.
707 Burpee’s Mammoth Silver King Onion
Introduced by us in 1884 (twenty-seven years ago!), this
is still the largest of all white onions— see page 73.
1101 Chalk’s Early Jewel Tomato
The best extra early and the best “all seasons” bright red
tomato— see pages 23 and 90 of the Burpee Annual.
1095 Burpee’s Dwarf-Giant Tomato
By far the largest fruited and best ot all dwarf tomatoes
— see pages 24 and 25 of Burpee' s New Annual for 1911 .
9t f'+o buys any “Four of the Finest” Specialties
VxlS. nanlecj above ; 50 Cts. buys any Nine, while
75 Cts. buys any Fourteen varieties; 81.00 buys any
Twenty of the Thirty-five Vegetables and Flowers
named in this advertisement — in regular packets postpaid.
Any Four for 25 Cts. ; All Nine for 50 Cts.
1536a New Fancy Antirrhinums
The Burpee Blend for 1911. For illustration and de¬
scription see page 119 of Burpee s New Annual . .
woe African Golden Orange Daisy
(Dimorphotheca Aurantiaca). Entirely unique in color—
a most remarkable and truly "sensational” novelty. For
illustration and description—^ page 126,
19 1 5 Burbank’s Fireflame Eschscholtzia
Most gorgeously brilliant— now first introduced by us.
3860 Variegated Queen Nasturtiums
Burpee’s Superb Mixture for 1911. For description and
colored plate painted from nature— see pages 108 and 109,
3337 Best Giant-Flowered Pansies
The Burpee Blend for 1911 is the choicest and most
complete mixture ever offered— see pages 123 and 142.
New “Cecily” Phlox
grown and improved at Fordhook Farms— see page 145.
3479 New Burbank Poppies
Wondrously varied in color and extra large in size. For
Luther Burbank’s own description— see page 125.
3534 New Giant-Flowered Portulaca
“Parana” A distinct and most attractive novelty
* nxaisci from South America — see page 119.
3554 Azure- Fairy Scabiosa ofUSth?s
lovely new double Scabious — see page 121.
Thousands throughout the world who plant these new flowers and choicest vegetables will surely rem^l^ with pleasure for months^
the coming season, that 191 I is the Thirty-Fifth Anniversary Year of THE BURPEE-BUSINESS IN QUALI I Y-SEEDS . It goes
without saying that if you are not thoroughly satisfied, you can have your money back any time within the year— tor such is the
I guarantee that goes with all Seeds purchased of
W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia
I
f
NEW YORK, MARCH 11, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
VOL. LXX, No. 4089.
RETURNS FROM AN OHIO STEER
Combining Feed and Pasture.
The steer shown in the pictures, Figs.
99, 100, 101 and 102, was purchased late
in March, 1910, with three others, for
the sum of $180. Their owner would not
sell them by weight, so they were not
weighed, but expert stock buyers esti¬
mated their weights at 850 to 900 pounds
each. These steers were purebred Short¬
horns. but looked a little rough as they
had been wintered on fodder and given
no grain. The writer drove these steers
home and started them on ground feed
and fodder, and as March was warm they
were able to get some grass also. About
May 25, after consuming six bushels of
cornmeal each, the feed was stopped and
the grass depended upon to carry the
steers through the Summer. They did
finely on pasture, growing considerably
and rounding out noticeably; compare
Figs. 100 and 101. In Fig. 101 the steer wa -
slightly closer to the camera than in Figs.
100 and 102, and in Fig. 99 somewha
farther away than in Fig. 102, so that one
can account for some of the differences
in size. While there was considerable
increase in size there was also change in
outline and a noticeable increase in depth
of body. However, the changes within
the body of the beef steer, the deposition
of fat in the muscles called “marbling,”
the change that makes the fattened ani¬
mal usually worth so much per pound
more than the thin steer, and the putting
on under the hide of a layer of fat, not
valued greatly by the consumer, are
changes that do not show up well in a
picture unless the feeding has been car¬
ried to extremes, as in the case of fat
steers for shows or demonstrations, but
to the touch of a practiced hand there is
noticeable a certain mellowness and
depth of flesh in the well-fed steer. Fig.
101 shows the steer at the beginning of
feeding period, November 1, after five
months on grass. Fig. 102 shows the steer
when sold, February 1, after consuming
12 bushels of corn and about a ton of
hay and fodder. They were sold and
weighed February 1, 1911. They aver¬
aged 1,317 pounds in weight, having
gained in 310 days approximately 450
pounds each. It being a question of cost
of production only, these steers were not
weighed until sold ; it was not convenient
to weigh them at other times, and be¬
sides, it is a serious matter to annoy
stock by frequent and unnecessary
weighing or driving.
As to cost and profit; stock and fat
cattle were too high in March, 1910, and
as the season advanced the price kept up
well till early Fall, when fat cattle be¬
came a drug on the market, contrary to
the livestock prophets. Stock cattle
prices sagged considerably also, but
killers butchered heavy feeders in pref¬
erence to fat beeves, and we had an ab¬
normal market condition in that there
was a small range in price between fleshy
feeders and fat steers. A lot of thin
cattle had gone on pasture and into feed
lot for early Winter sale; then came a
lot of half-finished stuff from the
TWO-YEAR-OLD STEER WHEN BOUGHT. Fig. 99.
AFTER AN EIGHT WEEKS “WARMING UP.” Fig. lOo.
READY TO FATTEN AFTER FIVE MONTHS ON GRASS. Fig. 101.
THE FINISHED PRODUCT. Fig. 102.
drought-stricken western ranges, and to
cap^the climax, there was a lessened con¬
sumption, especially of the better quality
of beef, and many a well-finished steer
went to market at a loss to his feeder.
The steer shown in the pictures might
have been sold off the pasture before the
slump came at $5.75 to $6 per hundred,
at a fair profit, but it seemed wrong to
sell such thin cattle, and it was thought
that the abnormal market conditions
would change. They are unchanged to¬
day, except that there is a slight increase
in price. The demand seems to be for
any kind of lean beef, just so that it is
small and carries little or no fat. There
is some demand for prime beeves, but
the demand is limited, and only at
prices that make their production a losing
operation to the feeder under present
conditions. For these reasons this lot of
steers went to market 200 pounds lighter
than they could have been made at a
profit. During the last 10 days they were
fed, each steer ate 16 pounds of corn-
meal, and about all the hay and fodder
that would be cleaned up well. Such
feeding means a loss unless gains of
more than two pounds per day per head
are being made, and the selling price
figured at near six cents per pound. Al¬
together these steers ate $8.50 worth of
corn each and consumed pasture and
roughage to the extent of approximately
$15.50 (figured at five cents per day for
310 days), making a total cost of $69 per
head (interest included), and as they
sold by contract at six cents, each steer
gave a net average profit of $10. Feed
and pasture are figured at market prices
and such prices truthfully represent the
cost of the feeds used, as one is free to
buy or produce as seems most desirable.
Feeder cattle, cattle heavier and flesh¬
ier than stockers, are now much too high
in price, selling at a range of 5*4 to six
cents, and the feeder must bid for these
cattle in competition with butchers in
many cases, making it a very poor time
to stock up with cattle. Fat cattle prices
ought to be higher from the feeder’s
standpoint, but the consumer eats less
and cheaper meat than usual, so the pre¬
dictions of a good market for finished
cattle were wrong and many feeders must
pocket a loss. At present it seems that
we shall have reciprocity with Canada,
mostly in regard to products of the
farms, and this will likely lower further
the prices of commodities, including
meats, so that to continue in business
the cattle feeder must get cheaper stock¬
ers or feeder cattle than are in sight
to-day. w. e. duckwau,.
R- N.-Y. — Mr. Duckwall’s concise
statement would have a good deal of in¬
terest for the consumer, who, as he says,
“eats less and cheaper meat than usual.”
This is not because the consumer is any
more penurious than he was 10 years
ago, but because lie cannot afford lux¬
urious living. Since the feeder is not
paid for his labor, while the working
consumer can only pay for cheap cuts,
just who is absorbing the tenderloin and
porterhouse of the American meat in¬
dustry? The farmer can surely prove
an alibi, and the “ultimate consumer”
hardly selects chuck steak from choice.
306
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER
March 11,
EXPERIENCES WITH THE USE OF HAIRY
VETCH FOR COVER CROPS.
Vicia Villosa as a Cover Crop for Tobacco Lands.
( Continued, from page 226)
ADVANTAGES OF VETCH COVER CROP.—
There are several important known advantages of the
use of cover crops for tobacco and corn lands, among
which might be mentioned the following: Prevention
of soil waste. In open unprotected fields, or locations
on slopes or hillsides, the vetch crop holds the soil and
protects it against washing in floods, or from drifting
in dry weather ; increase of the water-holding capacity
of the soil. The rains and melting snows follow down
the root system of the living vetch plants, instead
of running off the sifrface of the soil ; improving soil
tilth, the soils where vetch crops have been plowed
under are more mellow than similar land where vetch
or other legume has not been grown, and is in better
condition for the cultivation of other crops; it has
more “life” as it is sometimes termed ; it is now the
opinion of competent authorities that the growing of
legume cover crops, and their incorporation into the
soil improves the condition of the soil for the action
of favorable bacteria ; the plowing under of the mass
of vegetation adds to the humus content of the soil ;
and through the nodules that develop so freely in the
vast root system of this crop, nitrogen, the most costly
of plant foods, is trapped and added to the soil’s
plant food supply. How much nitrogen is thus added
to the soil is not definitely known, although experi¬
ments have shown that in some cases it amounts to
about one hundred pounds per acre.
OTHER USES FOR VETCH.— In the course of
plant breeding vvork in Southern California, the
writer has recently come in contact with the extensive
use of vetch for cover crops in Citrus orchards. In
this semi-tropical region, the Summer vetch, Vicia
sativa, is used, although Vicia villosa has been tried
with good results. Thousands of acres of orange and
lemon groves are now annually seeded to this vetch,
which is allowed to grow as long as possible, then is
plowed under. Some of the most- extensive and suc¬
cessful Citrus growers depend on the vetch crop sole¬
ly for their supply of nitrogen to be added to the
groves for fertilizer. They have stated to the writer
that this method gives them better results than the old
method of using commercial fertilizer for nitrogen,
and with a mere fraction of the expense. One leading
Citrus grower estimates his saving, from the use of
vetch cover crops, at about seventy-five thousands of
dollars annually. Surely such a saving should compel
the attention of every thoughtful farmer, especially
when this grower says that his orchards are in better
health and more productive than when he used other
fertilizers. The use of vetch for improving the soil is
what the writer thinks of as the natural method. There
are many reasons for this idea, too many to be treated
of in this brief account. Mr. J. H. Hale, the great
peach grower of Connecticut, is experimenting with
this crop in his peach orchards in Connecticut, with
favorable results so far. Perhaps it may be found to
be as useful, if not more so, in northern orchards, than
in the case of tobacco and corn lands. No doubt
mistakes, wrong methods, and naturally unfavorable
conditions, will cause disappointments in some cases
where a trial of this crop is made. There is absolutely
no doubt, however, that the value of the vetch crop
as a cover crop has now been sufficiently proven, so
that its use will continue to grow, the more rapidly as
its merits are more fully appreciated. The root de¬
velopment is fine and permeates the surface soil in
infinite numbers. The tops and roots rot quickly
when plowed under. A. d. shamee.
U. S. Dept, of Agriculture.
TRUTH ABOUT “BACK TO THE LAND.”
I have wondered for some time why you did not
ask some of us who have been “over the road” to tell
our experience for the benefit of those who contem¬
plate removing from town to country. My wife and
I have had enough in the past five years to fill a big
book ; and no doubt there are others also. At GO
years of age my nerves warned me that I must stop
the wear on them or they would knock me out. Our
resources were considerable courage and lots of
hope that $2,000 and a boy boarder for six years
would enable us to squeeze into something on a few
acres that would support us. City people don’t want
to get far from a railroad, etc., so we found it im¬
possible with our small means to get the acres with
buildings where we wanted it. Finally I got hold of
a worn-out piece of six acres in a nice town, with
no buildings or trees, or even grass. It cost $300, and
if I had known what I now know, that land with no
humus in it is no better than a bare rock to make a
living from for several years, I would have left it
alone. I had been reading farm papers for several
years, and thought I had picked up enough of farm
lore so I could make a success of it. But the papers
I read had not taught me that land without humus
is worthless until time and money puts the humus
into it. The worst of the outlook for would-be pur¬
chasers now is that good land cannot be bought in
small parcels near a town except at a long price —
occasionally.
For five years we have put all we could save in
any way into this land. I notice now that it has
need of more liming, for clover looks sickly, but it is
much improved. As the seasons have been dry, in
spite of all our care and fertilizing, crops have been
very disappointing. With almost nothing to sell, and
everything to buy, and our capital all invested, in
buildings which we had to have, we have had a
problem on our hands every day in the year. We
have kept out of debt by refusing to buy when we
did not have the cash, and cutting ourselves off from
everything which social beings prize. We swallowed
our pride and told a few city friends that we' could
get a lot of good out of garments they could no/:
appear in the streets in. We bought our groceries,
in quantities, and saved at every possible turn, for the
taxes are $21 per annum. I have had to work out:
to get teamwork done, for we have no horse. I got
a cow at one time, but found that we could not make,
it pay, buying so much of her feed. I tell you the
land was poor when you could not grow enough to
feed a cow.
The summary is, we have added five years of hard
labor to our life and learned a lot about land and itsi
culture, seeds, fruits, bushes and trees, also no little
about poultry and its losses. It makes me warm when
I read “There is money in poultry,” because not one
in one hundred can get any money out of them on a
village lot, unless they can invest $1,000 and have had
ten years of experience. My health is helped, but I
cannot work now as I did the first three years, and
my wife feels the steady grind. If prices and our
health stay good and the weather permits, we hope our
land will now respond favorably this coming year, and
we shall get on our feet. If we get another year like
the last, and we lose our boarder, nothing will be left
us but to sell out and eat up the proceeds, for no one
will hire us, and children we have not. Will our place
bring us what we have put into it in money ? I doubt
if it will. But it may ; for it is well located and has
considerable small fruits coming forward, and I have
put in a good deal of tile and fertility, and such places
are very much sought. My experience says that no
one without up-to-date knowledge of farming should
leave the city or town for farm life unless he has an
annuity of some sort; or a lot of energy and good
health which he can sell to neighbors by the day, or a
large bank account, or a rich friend to put up for him.
VERITAS.
PARCELS POST IN GREAT BRITAIN,
In a recent issue you speak of the benefits of parcels
post in England and ask “Why cannot we have parcels
post?” We can, and will have it when the people say
so definitely. I think there is no doubt the people of
England are benefited by it. They also have other
good things which we do not have in the line of public
utilities; to wit, the telegraphs owned and operated by
the government. It is very convenient to step into any
post office in Great Britain, mail a letter or a large
parcel, deposit money in the savings department, or
send a telegram anywhere for a small charge. Bui:
there are some things they do not have. They have
no express companies with capital stock highly watered
paying dividends on same, occasionally carving a melon
in the shape of a stock dividend and then paying divi¬
dends on that also. In this regard they are much
behind their cousins on this side of the Atlantic. The
“effete old monarchy” is a little slow, you know, but
it is careful to heed the voice of the people. The
average Briton is a great stickler for what lie believes
to be his rights, and while he is sometimes slow get¬
ting them, yet his innate tenacity enables him to hold
on until he gets what he asks for. I think we can
truly say that government in Great Britain to-day is
“by the people.” I don’t think an express sompany
on the American plan could live there one day, and it
might be hard for the president of an express company
to obtain a seat in Parliament. If he did, he would
hardly dare to protect the interests of his company as
against the wish of the people for a parcels post. There
seems to be a fear with some lest a parcels post should
encroach upon private interests. The sheriff en¬
croaches upon private interests when he arrests the
highwayman and stops the pursuit of his business, but
the people are benefited by it. No company, express,
telegraph, electric, railroad, gas, water or any other
operated for public utility should be allowed to oper¬
ate against the public good. The issue of stock and
the payment of dividends thereon should be under
government control. john stout.
Michigan.
SHADE TREES FOR PASTURE.
A reader in Pennsylvania says that the scale has killed
the apple trees, 60 in number, which were in his pasture.
These trees gave shade for his cattle. As they are dead
he wants to plant new ones, but does not want fruit trees
or nut trees, as he thinks they would be too long in
growing. What he wants is a tree of yuick growth and
bushy habit. What kind of trees would you advise him
to plant in that pasture?
The most practical tree for this purpose without
doubt is the Carolina poplar. It grows vigorously, es¬
pecially when young, in about all soils not too wet
for the apple, and would likely afford shade much
earlier than the elm or Norway maple, though at all
times it is less attractive than these highly ornamental
trees. The main objections to the Carolina poplar are
the liability of damage from storms, owing to the
quick growth and brittle nature of the wood, and the
rather shabby decay of the foliage in Autumn. The
habit of growth is naturally pyramidal and capacity
for shade can greatly be increased by pruning out the
leaders after the young trees have become well estab¬
lished. For best results only good nursery-grown
trees should be set, and protection from the browsing
and trampling of cattle should be afforded for some
years. w. v. f.
He will have to take into consideration the kind of
soil, whether wet or dry, rich or poor. If the soil is
fairly good and moist, probably the Carolina poplar
will make a little the fastest growth of any tree he can
plant. The poplar has the disadvantage of being
somewhat affected by scale, and cows and horses are
very prone to eat both leaves and bark of this tree.
If the soil is fair the Catalpa speciosa would prob¬
ably come next in order of rapidity of growth, and is
not bothered by scale, and stock will not bother the
leaves of this tree. There seems to be something
very offensive to both cows and horses in the leaves
and bark of the Catalpa. The Norway maple and
elm are both comparatively slow-growing trees, but
are both fine trees when once grown. H. c. Rogers.
Ohio.
The poplar will of course grow very rapidly, most
so of all, but when full grown you have an inferior
wood, and it would be foolish to neglect the advan¬
tages that would be secured by planting such trees as
the Black walnut, Catalpa and others of this kind that
are valuable for timber. If it is desirable some pop¬
lars may be grown, but even then we would urge a
mixture of these other sorts. The maple and elm
are both good. The elm is of course much slower in
growth. The maple certainly gives dense shade, and
the pasturage would be very much reduced by such
trees. Under walnut, grass grows clear up to the
trunk. J. p. PIEESbury.
Pennsylvania State College.
SHALL IT BE HENS OR HOGS?
I was considerably interested in a note by S. H.
Burton, on page 197, on hens and hogs, in which he
tries to show that hogs will make money, and chick¬
ens will lose it, for beginners. He buys a sow for
$2.50, keeps her a year, sells four of her pigs for $20,
feeding her $5 worth of corn, feeding kitchen waste,
green corn, and pasturing her, which he evidently
does not count as worth anything. Then he tries
chickens, pays $6 for four bens and rooster, expends -
$40 for house, fencing and fixtures, raises 38 pullets
and seven cockerels, which he values at $19, about
44 cents each, feed costing $12, and claims to be $32
out by first of year, pullets not laying first of January.
It is not the pullets’ fault that they were not hatched
at the proper time or did not receive proper care, that
they should not be laying by first of November, when
eggs would be worth considerably more than 30 cents
a dozen, but not considering this, figuring the same as
Mr. Burton figures his hogs, and granting no eggs by
first of January (and by the way, Mr. Burton must
be an expert in picking pullets’ eggs for hatching, to
get only seven cockerels out of 45 chickens raised),
his outfit costs $40, interest on this investment and
allowance for wear and tear would be about $4.
Feed cost, $12. As Mr. Burton figures, the pigs raised
were worth twice as much each as the sow when she
was bought. The chickens ought easily to be worth
on an average a dollar a head, or $45, and the old
stock should be worth at least $5. This leaves a profit
of $28 according to our way of figuring, and even at
Mr. Burton’s estimate of the value of stock raised he
is $3 ahead on his chickens. I would like to know
how he figures out a loss of $32. I have no doubt
that there is good money in raising pigs, for one who
knows the business, and so is there good money in
raising chickens under the same circumstances, and a
beginner has just as good a chance with one as with
the other. There has been just as large a proportion
of failure in the hog business as there has been in
the chicken business. Mr. Burton does not expect
these pullets to lay over $2 worth of eggs during
January, February and March, with eggs at 30 cents
a dozen. If those 38 pullets could not lay over 80
eggs in those three months, they must be pretty poor
stock, or Mr. Burton does not know much about tak¬
ing care of chickens. I should expect them to lay
around a thousand eggs in that time, as pullets hatched
so as not to lay before the first of the year should
lay exceptionally well for the next three months, and I
should certainly want to know the reason why if they
did not come up to that figure. j. e. willmarth.
New York.
1911
'"'THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
30 r
THOSE $9 JERSEY HENS.
The Original House.
The original house was made 40x15 on the ground.
First there were posts set (we used cedar) deep
enough to extend below the frost line ; they were put
eight feet apart, and extend one foot above ground.
On top of the posts 4x4 sill was laid. The studding
are 2x3 pine, 16 inches apart, and six feet long. The
plate was 2x4 pine and spiked to each studding. The
back and front are both six feet high. The back is
made of one-half inch siding with sheathing paper be¬
tween, making it double. It is thus air¬
tight, and leaves no draughts. The
front is made of wire netting, best of
one-inch mesh. On each post there is
an upright placed under the plate which
leaves the front looking exactly like an
old meeting-house shed. The wire net¬
ting is put on before the face boards,
the tighter the better. The rafters are
2x4, 16 inches apart, and shingle strips,
covered with shingles for the roof. The
roof has what carpenters call the 8x12
pitch.
The inside of house is made just as
convenient as we were able to make it.
There is one partition, making two sec¬
tions of the house; one 24 feet, and the
other 16 feet long. We divided it in
such manner that yards being made to
correspond with the pens in the house,
would bring the division fences between
the rows of apple trees, as the house is in
an orchard. The partition is made tight,
of matched lumber for five feet from
the back, and even with the plate. That
prevents draught on the hens while on
the roost. The door is next to this tight
partition, and is made of two-inch wire
netting like the rest of the partition.
The bottom is made 16 inches above and
16 inches below ground of dressed lum¬
ber, with wire netting from that to the
roof. We found that a double roost was
more convenient to work about than a
triple roost, so adopted that style. The
droppings board is 42 inches wide and
rests on braces fastened to the back of
house. Underneath the droppings board
there are charcoal, grit and oyster-shell
hoppers, with hopper for beef scrap
hanging on the partition. Under each
end of the droppings board is a nest box
with four nests, which reaches from the
back of house to even with the door in
the partition, which makes it five feet
long, and it is 17 inches high by 16 wide.
That is on rollers, on a frame just high
enough from the ground to permit of
easy entrance under the droppings board.
About the middle of the droppings
board, and hanging to it, exactly like a
money drawer under a counter, is a wire
coop with a slat bottom, that is used
to break up hens which want to sit
when we don’t want them to do so. The
convenience of that arrangement can
never be really appreciated until used.
Forty-eight hours’ confinement in that
usually does the job. On the side of that
coop there is a feed trough so made that
it can be filled from the outside, and
has compartments for water, grit, oyster
shell and feed. Some persons claim that
confinement should be on short rations,
or none at all, but it appears to me that
by doing so you really work against your
own interest, as it will take as many days
to build up the hen as it took to starve
her, but if she is kept rightly fed she
will have to lay in short time. On the
floor is a box with slats across it which
always contains bran, and near that is
the water trough. Having used that
house for three years, I will say that I
think it nearly impossible to improve on
the principle ; I have few minor internal
improvements in view.
In front of each pen in the house is
a yard, 50 feet long, and the same width
as the pen. We placed as many in each
pen as will just fill the roosts without
crowding. In the front of the house
hang curtains made 8x6 feet and
hung on the plate; they are made of
1x3 inch stuff and made double, with
wire netting between it, and cotton mus¬
lin (10 cents per yard) is put on the
outside of that wire. The object of that
arrangement is two-fold: It strengthens the frame and
prevents the muslin from blowing out, as it is be¬
tween two wires when closed. One wire is stationary
on front of the house, and other stationary on the
curtain frame. During three years I have never had
to replace a curtain. I put two small iron pulley
blocks (1^2 inch wheel) on the rafters over each cur¬
tain, and run clothes-line through them and fastened
to curtain frame, and used that to open and close
the curtain. It runs so easily that any woman can
work them. On very cold or stormy days, the cur¬
tains may all be left closed, but seldom need them
ROW OF COLONY FIOUSES. Fig. 103.
STYLE OF BROODERS USED. Fig. 104.
INSIDE OF HOUSE. Fig. 106.
closed all day. In fact, I can think of but four days
in three years. There may be better houses, but there
has been profit in the poultry business from the
time we began using that style, and loss before that.
In the immediate neighborhood there are now five
houses similar, or modified as near as could be, which
were built after seeing this one, and in each one the
hens have produced eggs all Winter. There are no
patents on the ideas used, so anyone can build like
it, if he chooses to spend $3.25 per running foot of
the length, which will show you it is not cheap; but
is the cheapest good house. You will see that by
putting 60 hens in 16 feet length you
have four square feet per hen; 16x15
-4-60. That is less than one dollar per
head of stock, and if anyone can do
cheaper, for a good house, they beat me.
I began here with the colony house sys¬
tem, “but never again,” as the other sys¬
tem beats it 40 ways. We still use the
colony houses for young stock after it is
taken from the brooders until ready for
the big house. I have burglar alarm in
the henhouse, and it paid for itself last
July, -as it found visitors knocking at
the door. There is no floor to this
house ; we merely drew sand and raised
up the inside about six inches above the
ground outside the house, thereby mak¬
ing it perfectly dry. We use litter on
top of that sand ; changing sand once
a year is sufficient.
Fig. 105 shows house closed for the
night; Fig. 106 shows inside of the
house ; in first section you can see a
hen just entering a nest under the drop¬
pings board, and shows how near the
door of the partition the end of row
comes. The door that shows so plainly
swings either way; two 20-penny nails
make the hinges. In the second part
you can see the coop for breaking sitting
hens, with three hens immediately over;
just beyond you can see the nests drawn
clear out, and also see one hen in the
first nest, and one standing on top of
the box. The nests are on rollers. The
white things in upper left hand corner
you can see are curtains hanging. In
the picture they look like windows. Fig.
104 shows the style of brooders we use,
all outdoor brooders, with Philo prin¬
ciple improved on ; it also shows the
wire runs we use for little chicks, all
one-inch mesh. Addition to house de¬
scribed is arranged in the same way. Fig.
103 shows a row of four colony houses
with some ducks on the right. It also
shows the frame of another addition to
present house.
Having made a success of the egg
trade direct to the consumer, we are
now trying to build up trade for chickens
the same way; but how we shall succeed
is to be found out later, although I see
no obstacle in the way — except the ex¬
press company. They may let a case
of dressed chickens sit out in the sun
a couple of days, and may not. That
only brings us back to the old subject —
parcels post. Whenever that comes,
which it surely will, then the consumer
and producer can deal direct, and not
before, to any great extent. I have
little fault to find with the express com¬
panies except their rates, which, to me,
seem unreasonable in some cases. As
for loss or breakage, the United States
deals best with me, as they pay every
claim made by me, with one exception,
and that they claim I shipped broken
eggs. They take their own time to set¬
tle. The rates seem large, as I have
one customer for eggs from whom the
express company gets one cent each for
the eggs. Think of it, 60 cents for five
dozen, but he is willing to pay the price,
so he is no help for parcels post.
w. J. DOUGAN.
R. N.-Y. — Strange how every raiser
of high-grade farm or garden products,
whether in the line of fruit, general
truck, dairy or poultry, is bound to refer
to transportation as bis greatest prob->
lem. Here near the R. N.-Y. office are
thousands of consumers asking to be
fed ; there in the open country are toil¬
ing men and women asking leave to
feed them. Between the two stand the
middlemen, taking toll from both. John
Stout gives us something to think about,
on page 306, especially in his reference
to political activities of special interests.
30S
March 11,
TMK RURAL NEW-YORKER
Department of Agriculture will explain
the situation :
As you know, the name “Miracle” is
used interchangeably with others, such as
“Mummy,” Sevenheaded,” “Egyptian,” etc.,
to designate the group known as Triticum
compositum. To this group belongs also
the “Alaska,” which nearly three years ago
was offered at the exorbitant price of $20
per bushel and was pronounced a fake. A
number of years ago, however, a variety
of wheat called “Miracle” was brought to
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every Query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]
FIRE BLIGHT AND HOW TO TREAT IT.
A. M. P., Providence, It. /. — I send you a
section of one of my Baldwin apple trees
with the hope that you may be able to tell 'our attention by a Mr. K. B. Stoner,^ of
me what the trouble is. In my orchard,
which was planted two years ago, are nine
Baldwins, seven of which are affected more
or less with the disease you will note on
sample ; all other trees seem free except
one B. I. Greening in next row. Trees
were sprayed in Spring of 1909 with soluble
oil from a knapsack sprayer, in Summ
with Bordeaux and arsenate of lead, in'
Winter 1909-10 with soluble oil, and last
Spring with lime-sulphur. In view of the
fact that the trouble shows only where
first limbs were taken off, it seems likely
to me that the disease was carried from
tree to tree by the nurseryman’s knife. I
would like to save trees if possible, but will
remove them if any danger to other trees.
Ans. — The sample received indicates
Virginia, who claimed to have produced it
in a miraculous manner, that is, as the
result of prayer that he might discover
or in some way produce an extraordinary
profitable wheat; hence the name “Mir¬
acle.” This wheat was afterwards cx-
de plotted by promoters. This variety does
er iiot belong to the group T. compositum
lA'oefore mentioned, but is closely related to
the soft Winter wheats of the Atlantic
Coast, of which Fultz, Fulcaster, etc., are
leading types. From our experiments with
Mr. Stoner’s variety we have found it to
be satisfactory, but particularly for the
region where it was first grown ; it does
not merit the extravagant claims made for
it. It is a little better, perhaps, than the
varieties grown in Virginia and vicinity
only because it was a carefully selected
strain. WM. A. Taylor,
Acting Chief of Bureau.
There you have the substance of it.
that the chief disease affecting the trees .
. , r . .. , . , , The gram offered at a high figure may
has been fire blight, a disease caused iy ^ “Alaska” or this other wheat
bacteria. It is usually brought into an which as we see is a good variety, but not
orchard either by insects or by infected up to the extravagant claims made for it.
nursery stock. The usual method of get- Of course you know oui advice— let it
ting into the larger limbs is by way of
the sappy water sprouts, which are es¬
pecially susceptible to attack, and for this
reason they should be kept rubbed off
as thoroughly as possible if blight is
present in the orchard. The disease is
alone or buy a small quantity and test
it. Do not plunge on any such claims.
Seed Potatoes and Scab.
Will you tell me what is the matter with
the soil in my garden? The potatoes are
covered with a scab, a regular network
over them, as well as the beets, in the
also commonly transferred by pruning ^be sanie garden and very near the potatoes
tools, as suspected by the correspondent, and beets, but are not affected in the least.
This transfer is readily prevented by
sterilizing the tools after any cut into
infected wood, and also between trees
as a further precaution. The steriliza-
We find no grubs, and it is not that they
are grub-eaten ; it just seems to be a scab.
New York. G.
The potatoes are troubled with scab — -
a skin disease which spreads through
germs. Those germs are carried on the
seed potatoes and also live in the soil,
tion may be done with the sublimate so- While they are alive on the -seed and in
, . i. ill t t • c the soil, the potatoes are likely to be
hition mentioned below. Judging from scabby. The way to do is to kill the germs
the present sample, the blight is now on the seed potatoes before planting. Make
1 .... sure if we can that they are not in the
soil and avoid using lime or wood ashes
with the potato crop.
To kill the germs on the seed potatoes
three plans are suggested. Dry sulphur
scattered on the seed pieces as the potatoes
are cut will kill many of the germs, but
dead in the cankers and has been so for
some time. This may be determined by
the sharp line of division and the crack¬
ing of the bark between the dark sunken
cankered areas and the living bark.
is not so sure as soaking. This is done
by taking one pint of formalin to 15 gal-
There is present, however, some later Ions of water.' Enough of the water to
r . r . ^ , , fill the barrel or tank can be used and a
fungus infection that has been able to proper amount of formalin added to it.
thi-ninrli rbp wmmrl mnserl hv the This formalin is a liquid which readily dis-
get m through the wound caused Dy tne solves. The spcd may first be rinsed by
blight canker. This may result in con- throwing water over it. It can then be
. , , , ... £ ,, , , • „ thrown directly into the liquid and put into
siderable rotting of the wood and in any a wire basket or bag and lowered down
event will hinder healing unless properly into it^ Soak i^St.110 Yt ' ‘So
treated. There is no apparent need of this soaking before the seed is cut for
losing any of the trees, however, unless g£““nSon aTS eTop‘ win ‘hi
they have been too nearly girdled by cleaner unless there are germs in the soil.
J Another way of treating the seed is by
the cankers. fumigation. In this method the seed is put
TliP rmtnmirv treatment for hlieht into the fumes of formalin instead of being
I he customarj treatment ioi ungru jn it. The potatoes are put into a
cankers should be used in this case, tight room where the air cannot get at
. . . . ^ them. For 1,000 cubic feet of space a
1 his consists in cutting out and thor- ]ai.g0 pan or earthen dish is prepared.
ono-hlv remnvino- -ill dead and diseased Twenty-three ounces of permanganate of
onghjy removing all (leaci ana aiseaseu potagh are put int0 tbis dish) tben three
tissue back to sound living bark on all pints of formalin are poured over it. As
. , , - , _ • .• „ soon as this is done get out of the room
sides, and then sterilizing and painting at once. p0 not breath the gas, but shut
the wound. The sterilizing is done with the ^or right
a solution of corrosive sublimate in
water, about one to 1000. The corrosive
sublimate can be obtained at drug stores
in the form of tablets, one of which in
a pint of water gives a solution of about
the proper strength. The paint may be
any pure lead paint mixed with pure
linseed oil, but should not contain any
turpentine or “dryer,” as the latter is
injurious to the living tissues. It should
be mixed thick enough so as not to
run on the trunk, and if white lead is
used, it may be darkened with powdered
charcoal or lamp black until about the
same color as the bark. j. p. stewart.
What About “Miracle Wheat ?”
This is part of a circular on “Miracle
Wheat” sent us by a southern man who
is evidently after free advertising. We
arc often asked what this “miracle” is.
As a straw in the wind indicative of
on i thly plenty and the fruition of Biblical
hopes to the effect that the earth will yet
yj' Id its increase and blossom as the rose
’while finding fulfilment under the great
increase of light on irrigation and horti¬
culture, we proffer your readers a prac-
tioal experiment herewith which bears the
imprint of genuineness and possibility. The
test was given by a real tiller of the soil.
V’o merely quote a part of the conversa¬
tion as follows :
The following letter from the U. S.
will destroy the germs. This method is suit¬
able if there are many potatoes to be
planted. For a smaller lot soaking will
answer.
FRUIT TREES and PLANTS
At prices that will astonish you. Send for Whole¬
sale Price List and Lithographs. Several good
collections cheap. We have a complete assortment
in all varieties of fruit trees and plants. Special
Strawberry Catalog. Headquarters for the Old-
Fashioned Sweet Cherry. No crooked or inferior
stock sold at any price. Satisfaction guaranteed.
L’AMORUAUX NURSERY CO., Schoharie. N. Y
i — 150ACHKS. Genesee Valley
grown. "Not the cheapest, but
the best.” Never have had San
Jose Scale. Established 1869.
CDiri? GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
CATALOG FREL 20 Maple St., Dansville, N. Y.
TREES
Hardy Highland Nursery Stock
Acclimated to Northern climate. Always true to
label. No scale ever found in our Nursery. Send
forcatalog. L.M.EMPIE, Box A, Johnstown, N.Y
Olympic Nature Nursery.
THE FOREST CONSERVATORY.
Oregon Grape, Rhododendron, Madrona, Huckle¬
berry, Ferns, Blackberry, Salal, Twin Flower
Spirea, Trillium, Wild Lily-of-the-Valley, Ever
greens and other Puget Sound Plants and Flowers
Special Mail Collections— Ten plants for 50 cents:
24 for $1, postpaid in the United States. Money
hack if not satisfied. Make money orders payable
to JOEL SHOMAKER, Nellita, Washington.
McKAY’S Peach Trees-
McKAY’S Dwarf Apple Trees -
McKAY’S Acre Cherry Orchard, S15 -
McKAY’S Rose Bushes on their own roots-
McKAY’S Fertilizer Chemicals -
MI
If your plans for Spring include the planting of a home or com¬
mercial orchard, or the beautifying of your home grounds, send for
The Stark Year Book
for 1911 Volume II
today (postage 10 cents) — you
will find it of inestimable value;
a book to be kept and referred
to as you would a dictionary or
an encyclopedia.
The Stark Year Book for 1911
is a practical, testimonialized,
easy-to-understand text book for
the planter of fruit trees or other
products ot the nurseryman. It
is understandable both to the
experienced and the inexperienced
alike.
Within its covers are 31 full-
page illustrations of fruits and
flowers in natural colors, repre¬
senting 165 varieties and covering
apple, crab apple, quince, pear,
peach, apricot, cherry, plum,
grape, currant, raspberry, black¬
berry, mulberry, dewberry,
clenV&tis and roses. The re¬
maining 88 pages are devoted to
descriptions and records of va¬
rieties and to information on all
subjects directly related to fruit
growing, such as planting and
caring for an orchard, pruning,
cultivation, cover crops etc., etc.
Another New Book
“The Wonderful Apple Stark
Delicious” is another new book
(just off the press) that you
should have. It tells the wonder¬
ful story and record of Stark
Delicious, the most remarkable
apple ever known to apple his¬
tory; it also describes, illustrates
and prices a goodly . number of
specially good things in all classes
of fruit that you should plant this
Stark Bro’s Nurseries & Orchards Co.
(22) Box 35, Louisiana, Missouri
spring. This book sent free.
Stark Trees
for 86 years have been the
standard by which all other trees
are measured. Stark Trees have
stood the supreme test of planting
for more than 3-4 of a century—
on their merits alone they have
made us friends and customers
by thoivsands in every tree-plant¬
ing community in the country.
Stark Trees are the kind of
trees that will please you— that
will make you the best and most
profitable orchard. They are
grown right, sold at fair prices
and do what they are expected
to do — live and bear good fruit.
Our Stock
for spring is complete, the assortment
unbroken, the varieties the best of the
best, including Stark Delicious, Black
Ben, & Stayman Winesap apples, etc.,
Alton, Krummel Oct., and the Elberta
family of peaches; the world’s best
grapes, Eclipse, King Philip, Delicious
and others. The best of the sweet and
sour cherries, small fruits, roses, orna¬
mentals, shade trees., etc. Any variety
in any class of stock that is worthy of
growing and planting you will find in
our stock. We have everything in the
fruit tree line and the best of the hardy
ornamentals.
Whether or not you are ready to
place your order, send for The Stark
Year Book for 1911 (postage 10 cents)
and “The Wonderful Apple Stark De¬
licious” ( sent free) . You will find much
in these two books to interest you; they
will help you to a better understanding
of what trees should be and why Stark
Trees are everything trees can be.
H
Seeds, Plants, Roses,
Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs,
etc. Hundreds of car lots
Of FRUIT and ORNA¬
MENTAL TREES. 1,200
acres, 50 in hardy Roses,
none better grown. 44
greenhouses of Palms,
Ferns, Ficus, Gerani¬
ums and other things too
numerous to mention.
Seeds, Plants, Bulbs, Roses, Small Trees,
etc., by mail, postpaid. Safe arrival and satisfac¬
tion guaranteed. Immense stock of SUPERB
GANNAS, the queen of bedding plants. Acres
of Paeonias and other Perennials. 50 choice
collections cheap In Seeds, Plants, Roses, etc.
Elegant 168-page Catalog FREE. Send for it
today and see what values we give for your
money. Direct deal will secure you the best at
first cost. 57 years. "°)
The Storrs & Harrison Co., Box l59»PainesviIle*0.
BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME
GROUNDS WITH A PRIVET HEDGE
I will sell you enough good, strong, heavily rooted
California Privet hedge plants to go around -your
home grounds, planted six inches apart, for 9c per
yard, packed to carry anywhere, delivered to It. It.
station at Salisbury, Mil. Measure distance around
your grounds, see how little it costs and send youa
order to W. F. ALLEN, Salisbury, Maryland
Black's Peach Trees-1911
Treec arp nnp nf rwtr sncHaltios — we
$
4 .j* Peach Trees are one of our specialties — wet
grow for quality and not quantity alone. Our
& t'VrtrfiP trees, however, cost litt'e, if any, more than the
ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but selJ^
* direct, saving middleman’s profits.* r i ■ ■
New bxiklet, “Springtime aniVaIll3DIB
Harvest for the Fruit-grower,” free. g q q \r |g|*
I
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co
r a a. wiuvni w.
Box V, Hightstown, New Jersey^ Jg jjj. pj-ag
Sent* Us Your Name
574
and address; if you ntend buying vl“«s.
or shrubs for Spring plantmg. " e » 11
V promptly mail you Free a copy of °l r J* u,
ble book containing some great bargains in
high grade nursery stock. We save you the
agent's commission.
We grow our own stock and guarantee 1. .
AT, LEX I,. WOOD, Woodlawn K«rM‘rl*'>
Culver Hoad KocheMor, h. Y.
Fruit Trees at $6.48 lor 100
WE OROW THE TREES WE SELL, which
arc the best known for garden and or.
1 chard. Frevh dnp, true to name, no scale,
no risk. Personal attention given each
order. Send us a list of yonr wants for
wholesale prices. Everybody write for
free illustrated catalogue.
I APPLE TREES, 1 McIntosh and 1
5 llanana, sent postpaid for 25 cents.
Maloney Bros. & Wells, Box 13 Darnsvillc, N. Y.
FRUIT TREES
and
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CG.
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.
FRUIT TREES
Our Proof to date after years of service is that
we can save you not only money, but disap¬
pointment when your trees begin to fruit.
This Proof will be submitted with our new
catalog — ask for it today. * * * * *
H. S. WILEY & SON, Box 122, Cayuga, N. Y,
NURSERY STOCK IN BARGAIN LOTS.
We ]
tioi
the i
bargain . . — - - . . .
to name and free from disease. Write for descriptive price list.
NO. 1, FOR $6.00
100 Elberta Peach, 2 to 3 feet. 1 yr. from bud
10 Jonathan Apple, I year 2 to 3 feet
NO. 5, FOR $10.00
10(1 Apple, select,, 1 year, 3 to four feet
10 Spitzonberg 30 Winesap 10 Rome Beauty
20 Winter Banana 30 Jonathan
McKAV’S Agricultural Lime, $3 per ton
Me KAY’S Catalogue tells about them— and more
>W. L. McKay, Geneva, N. Y. BoxR.
NO. 6, FOR $16.00
100 Cherry, 2 year from hud, 5 to 0 feet
80 Early Richmond 10 Montmorency
10 Dyehouse
NO. 4, FOR $8.00
100 Apple, 2 to 3 feet, first-class, one year
40 Jonathan 40 Rome Beauty 20 Winesap
NO. 7, FOR $15.00
50 Kieffer Pear, 4 to 0 feet first-class 50 Early Richmond, 2 year, 4 to 6 feet
. . . ORDER ANY" OF THE ABOVE BY NUMBER . . .
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES, NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
TH tO RURAL NEW -YORKER
30©
1911.
MAKING BALDWINS BEAR EVERY YEAR.
The question is, “Is there any way by
means of fertilizing or handling an or¬
chard, so that the old habit of apple
trees bearing crops every other year
may be broken up and annual crops ob¬
tained?” According to my experience
it is very uncommon for the same wood
on any tree or part of a tree, especially
in our old orchards on most standard
varieties, to produce- fruit annually. At
the same time it is a fact that in blocks
of trees of several acres, even of one
variety, crops of fruit are being pro¬
duced each year, so that long ago we
have forgotten which is the “off” year
and which the year for a full crop.
While these are the general conditions
in the Hilton orchards to-day, this was
not true 15 or 20 years ago. Then we
did not expect annual crops. About all
the orchards would bear one year and
few or none the following. The cause
of this change is very apparently due to
the changed methods of handling the
orchards.
Most of the orchards then were in
grass and in many of them the grass
was removed for hay. If any cultiva¬
tion was given, the orchard would be
plowed late after the farmer had fin-
ONE-IIORSE LEVELER. Fig. 107.
ished his sowing and planting, in June
or later, after the trees were in full
leaf. It is much better not to plow an
orchard, than to plow it late. After
the late plowing the orchards were
often not harrowed at all, and at the
most but once or twice. No spraying
was done. But little trimming was
given the trees. This was about the
care our orchards had when we were
getting crops not oftener than every
other year. As a matter of fact, we did
not get crops as often as once in two
years. Now we expect and get, an¬
nual paying crops. What care do our
orchards get now? During the Winter
and Spring the trees are given a care¬
ful pruning. Before commencing to
prune a tree, look it carefully over and
see if any large limbs need taking off.
Three main limbs are better than more.
Then thin out the trees to let in the air
and sunlight. Do not cut the fruit
spurs on the larger limbs as many do.
These give you the finest fruit. Follow
each limb, thinning out by taking out
one branch and leaving the next. Bet¬
ter still, instead of cutting these smaller
branches out entirely, cut them back to
one or two buds and these will often
produce fancy fruit. These may be re¬
moved later if it is necessary. Do not
leave stubs to decay, but cut all limbs
close to the trunk.
In case the orchard has been neglect¬
ed, the soil will probably be lacking in
humus, ahd a good covering of stable
manure put on during the Winter or
early Spring will be almost a necessity.
Nitrogen will most likely be lacking and
10 pounds of nitrate of soda added to
each tree in the Spring after plowing
will start the growth. The plowing may
be done in the late Fall or early Spring.
Early in the Spring the soil should be
gotten into a garden condition. Culti¬
vate once a week, and after each rain
and keep this up until the first of Au¬
gust. Then sow some cover crop.
Mammoth clover is a good one here.
Thorough spraying must be given. If
the orchard has scale, bud-moth, or blis¬
ter-mite, spray with lime-sulphur one to
10 before the buds start. Spray again
when the buds show red, before the
blossoms come out, using the solution
one to 30 or 40. Spray again after the
blossoms fall one to 40 and add three
pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons.
Do not drench the trees, but be sure to
reach every bud with the spray. If it
is rainy and cold after this, spray again
after a couple of weeks. This will fin¬
ish the work in that orchard for that
year and you should get a crop of No. 1
fine fruit.
The work in the orchard the follow¬
ing year will be entirely different. Do
not manure. Do not cultivate. Mow
clover and leave it on the ground. Spray
a couple of times to keep the foliage
clean and healthy. Do not expect many
apples this year. The third year repeat
the work of the first year. Cover the
orchard with manure. Spray thor¬
oughly and trim again to give plenty of
light. Plow early and cultivate, culti¬
vate, cultivate. If you have just fin¬
ished cultivating the orchard and a hard
shower conies, cultivate again. Do not
let any other work hinder your cultivat¬
ing. If you do not cultivate after a
rain, the wind will come up, as it often
does, and a crust will form and evapora¬
tion will begin and you will lose tons
and tons of water and you may not get
another rain. It is not an easy matter
to change the habit of an apple orchard
to bearing annually paying crops. If
you are not willing to pay the price, do
not attempt it. Cultivation liberates
plant food, conserves moisture, and
moisture we must have. The year your
orchard is bearing you must give it the
best of care, for you have to grow a
large crop of apples and grow fruit
buds for the following year. When the
trees are loaded with fruit, some thin¬
ning should be done. After the June
crop, take off all imperfect, wormy and
scabby fruit and thin to one apple in a
cluster. A tree cannot grow a large
crop of small apples and at the same
time form buds for a crop the follow¬
ing year. The western grower thins
his fruit and so must we. The cost of
thinning an orchard that produced
1,000 barrels was $50, or five cents per
barrel. If you follow this plan you will
soon have an orchard giving you annu¬
ally paying crops. The Hilton district,
four miles wide and five or six miles
long, produces each year a crop of 1,000
carloads, and the annual variation is
comparatively small. delos tenny.
Size of Orchard Trees.
What size of trees would you plant, one
year, two or three years? k.
Ayer. Mass.
We like well-grown yearlings cut back to
a whip. With such trees we can shape the
head as we want it. This is a great advan¬
tage in cases where the trees are to be
grown for a special purpose. The older
trees usually have the head started in the
nursery, and this head may or may not suit
our purpose.
- "'l
The Taste
Test—
Post
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Have a dainty, sweet flavour that
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CAHOON SEED
Saves buying expensive drills. Most
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your dealer cannot supply you, we will deliver the Cahoon toai
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that each year increasing
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ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MFG. C0.t Elkhart, Indiana.
310
SOILING CROPS AND FERTILIZERS.
N. 8. A., Flemington, N. J. — In planting
Canada peas and oats on an old sod, not
very heavy sod, would it be any better to
plow land, then drill peas very deep, and
drill oats light, rather than plowing under
the peas? Would they come through the
sod all right? What percentage of nitrogen
does nitrate of soda contain? Would com¬
mon dairy salt used in mixture of commer¬
cial fertilizers take in any way the place of
nitrate of soda, and muriate of potash?
What will be the best kinds of soiling crops
to plant so as to have green crops to cut all
Summer? 1 wish to plant 15 acres for this
purpose and think of planting five acres of
Canada field peas and oats, two acres of
speltz, three acres of millet and five acres
of Kaffir corn. Am I on the right track?
Ans. — We think the peas will work up
through the sod, but have not seeded
them in this way. Will farmers who
have done so tell us? Nitrate of soda
contains about 1G per cent of nitrogen.
No, common salt will not replace the
nitrate or the muriate. It contains
neither nitrogen nor potash. It does
not supply plant food, but has a chemi¬
cal action on the soil. Generally, oats
and peas, Japanese millet and fodder
corn will give a good succession of soil¬
ing crops. We would sooner have some
good local variety of corn planted thick¬
ly in drills than Kaffir corn.
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER.
March 11,
\
Buy Ensilage Corn That Produces
65 Tons To The Acre
DOUBLE SEEDING WHEAT.
1 notice an inquiry on page 34 in regard
to drilling wheat both ways. 1 can say that
l' have obtained large yields from seeding
both ways, much larger by 10, 15 and 20
bushels more than drilling one way. Hut
first we must take into consideration the
fertility of the soil ; second, the kind and
quality of wheat sown ; third and most im¬
portant, is the kind of a season, whether
open or closed Winter or frequent freezing
in Spring. I would say in regard to A.
M. L.’s inquiry that it is a very diflicult
thing to try to give a correct answer, as
almost ef'ery State has a somewhat differ¬
ent climate- or season. Rut if Pennsylvania
is anything like New York State, A. M. D.’s
wheat will be all right, although I never
sow only 2% bushels to acre. In regard to
his Timothy seeding being poor I never
had a better stand of Timothy in quantity
and quality than I had in seeding both
ways. w. N. s.
Pennsylvania.
On page 34, also 122, the question of
drilling wheat both ways seems to have
some advocates. Why double the seeding at
every cross section? Eastern farmers who
came West insisted on and practiced heavy
seeding on both prairie and irrigated land
for a long time, to thek- detriment, and
some who had .seen it practiced for two or
three generations died real hard. We are
doing a little better farming and using
light seeding, and raising more grain. The
bulk of Winter wheat sown per acre is 30
pounds, in a few cases a little more and
some less ; oats 25 to 40 pounds per acre.
This last weighs 4<» to 48 pounds per
bushel. As our rainfall is only 1!) inches.
Winter wheat is our best crop, and by ex¬
cessive cultivation wheat sown in August
will make a good crop in very dry seasons.
This last season was very dry. Spring
grain, while not an entire failure was no
success ; still Winter wheat yielded 25 to
35 bushels, one case near here over 40
bushels on a 40-aere tract. This may have
had a little advantage in local showers ;
still cultivation and conservation of mois¬
ture was the real cause. A year ago was
more than an average season, and the aver¬
age on well-farmed prairie, was over 40
bushels per acre over thousands of acres in
the .1 udith Basin. At a branch experiment
station three plots under different cultiva¬
tion showed yields respectively of 50, 56
and 60 Mi bushels per acre, and there were
a number of cases where oats were better
than 80 bushels per acre. This generally
was on land that a few years ago was con¬
sidered worthless, only for grazing. This
of course is done by excessive cultivation
and the plots above mentioned were side by
side, but difference was amount of culti¬
vation after breaking sod before seeding
and harrowing the grain in Spring. Grain
is very often harrowed after it is a foot
high ; 'commence to harrow when it starts
in Spring and harrow after every rain. This
cuts out the small weeds, stops grass from
leaching the moisture and forms a dust
mulch to retain moisture. This is done
with light wood harrows from 18 to 32
feet wide, four or six horses abreast ; har¬
row 35 to 70 acres a day. This surely
looked wicked to me at first ; but I would
like to see some of our progressive brothers
cast try even on small plots light, medium
and heavy seeding side by side, and harrow
half of field once, say a quarter twice, and
a little until it was a foot high or more, to
see how much damage it would really do,
for 1 feel that this is the way they would
put it (I did). Those results are made
without fertilizer or manure. We have the
soil, but what is needed is to retain all
moisture possible. !'• H-
Montana.
The universal custom hereabouts is to
drill the wheat but one way, but I think
0. 1). B., on page 122, is quite wrong in
his position that “In cross drilling a double
amount of seed is sown at the intersection
of the drill rows.” Is it not plain enough
that there is just the same amount of seed
sown, and the same room for growth of
the plants at the intersections, when one
bushel is drilled each way as there is in
the continuous row when two bushels are
drilled the one way? 1 am unable to see
it otherwise. J- R- s-
Glenshaw, Fa.
That's Eureka Ensilage Corn — the pedigree seed corn that
grows tallest, bears the most leaves, the largest number of ears —
nutritious ears, the kind that cows thrive on during the winter, the
kind that shows the biggest profits at the milk pail.
Eureka Ensilage Corn has a 25 year reputation for producing
bumper crops — it’s better this year than it has ever been — 22 feet high
stalks won’t surprise us this season.
Plant Eureka this time — pack your
silos to the brim, save grain next
winter when grain prices jump up.
EUREKA
ENSILAGE
CORN
850.00 GOLD PRIZE T° show o„r faith
FOR HEAVIEST YIELD lage Com we offer
$50.00 in Gold for the heaviest yield of
Ensilage Corn produced from one acre this
season. Remember we sell this seed — have
done so for years. You want to buy your seed
early or you won’t be able to buy it at all,
because the supply is limited, and orders are
coming in fast. Contest closes October 12,
1911. Read these testimonials — then write
for big free catalog and prices.
PROOF
Though a poor corn year in t his sec¬
tion, we got simply an immense yield
from your Eureka seed. Never saw such
corn raised , great big ears and a great
height. Reserve some for me next sea¬
son. Geo. E. Peer.
Chili Station , N. Y.
Every man 'round here who sowed
Eureka has good corn. I have about 20
acres , believe it will go 18 ft. this tall
sure. M. J. Peck.
Cortland , N. Y.
Your Eureka Ensilage Corn is almost
beyond recommendation , it is a wonder
in itself. Prom 3%. acres / filled my
16x24 Silo. F. E. Bentley.
Goshen , Conn.
Please send enough Eureka Ensilage
Corn to plant 25 acres. Had splendid
success with this corn last season.
Kingston. N. Y. H. R. Brigham.
Last spring I sent for 3 bushels
Eureka and planted 7 acres. Ensilage
will produce more milk pound foi*pound.
We had stalks 16 ft. high, used no com¬
mercial fertilizer. Will want more in
1911. F. B. Martin.
Barre, VI.
/ purchased some Eureka seed corn last
spring. It was the tallest and largest
corn ever grown round here, 16 ft, in
height. Will want more. Send prices.
Port Howard, N. Y. Ar. G. Ellis.
SHEFFIELD
WORLD’S
PRIZE
FLINT CORN
A new world's record established— 1238io bushels of “crib-dry” shelled corn
to the acre. Read that again — grasp the figures. Sheffield Flint pulled off the
first— only first— prize at the New England
Corn Exposition in a trot. Out-distanced
nearest exhibitor by 20 bushels. Don’t be
deceived. Mr. Harry S. Chapin, of
Sheffield, Mass., won the first prize and
only first prize, and we have secured the
entire portion of his crop suitable for seed.
Read his letter.
§10.00 GOLD PRIZE
FOR BEST TEN EARS
READ THIS
TO®
After Mr. Ross had looked over my
crop of Sheffield World's Prize Flint
Corn that won first prize at the New
England Corn Exposition last month
on the acre contest, f concluded to accept
his offer for my entire crop for seed pur¬
poses. Harry S. Chapin.
This prize we
offer for the best
_ 10 ears of Sheffield Com grown this season. Full
particulars in our big New Catalog giving prices of these two and other prize
winning varieties mailed free.
Get Our New, Big Catalogue— WRITE TODAY
ROSS BROS. CO., 67 Front St., Worcester, Mass.
FOTTLER, FISKE, RAWSQN Co.
OUR SPECIALTY
OF THE HIGHEST GRADE
_ _ _ for the MARKET GARDENER
We cannot say more for the SEEDS only “The Highest Grade.
Our Garden Manual is made up for the buyer who wants “The Highest
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It is useful as a reference even if you do not buy. Just mail us a postal,
we’ll do the rest.
SEEDS
Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Co. A^fscf 26 S. Market St. Boston
ALFALFA
All Northern crown, guaranteed to be 99 percent)
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which we invite you to get Government tests.
This seed should produce hay at $60 per acrej an¬
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GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. Wo
handle export grade only and can furnish grass
mixture suitable for any soils.
Wing’s Mikado, Sable
and Mongo! are the
heaviest known yield-
ers. Are all our own
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has record of 37 bu. per acre. Will grow on poor
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WING SEED CO., Box 333 Mechanicsburg, O.
SOY BEANS
.The Thompson-Breese
• m TfeU Handled by One Man—
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Touching foot lever operates power lifting device for raising and
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WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
giving full description, with prices and terms
THOMPSON-BREESE COMPANY,
Department 109 Wapakoneta, Ohio
1911.
THE RURAL N’EW-YORKER
Sll
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL MEETING.
Pakt I.
The thirty-second biennial meeting of
this time-honored and stable society, which
is composed of the best pomologieal talent
to be found in all of North America and
the adjacent islands, was held at Tampa,
Fla., February 10-11 of this year. There
were representatives from the Atlantic to
the Pacific States, and from Canada to
Cuba. It was a most lovely and fitting
place to hold a meeting of such a body,
surrounded as the place was by waving
palms and orange and pomelo orchards on
every side. Several excursions into the
orchards were made, and one in particular
was very enjoyable, which was across
2amPa Bay by boat, by the courtesy of
the Tampa Board of Trade, to Manatee
County, and into the orchards by auto
from Bradcntown, by the kindness of the
people of that beautiful place. All the vis¬
itors, over one hundred in number, were
allowed to gather oranges from the trees at
will, which was a rare treat, indeed, to
many who had never had that privilege
before. It was in great contrast to the
cold and stormy conditions in the North at
this time. The famous Atwood pomelo
orchard was also visited, where there are
2,>0 acres of this fruit in bearing. It is
the largest of its kind in the world and
is a model of neatness and thrift. The an¬
nual output was said to be about $200,000.
There was a very fine display of fruit in
connection with the meeting. There were
many Citrus fruits from various sections of
Florida, and a few other species of the
more tender kinds. Among them were a
few young cocoanuts from Miami, Fla., and
guavas, sapodillas, tamarinds, and other
really tropical fruits. There were a few
specimens of American-grown dates from
the government garden near Tempo, Ariz.,
One variety is known as Doglet Beida, and
is one of the very dry or hard class that
was introduced from the Sahara, and is
much prized by. the natives of that country.
A large collection of Persian walnuts was
shown by the United States Department of
Agriculture, most of them coming from the
Pacific coast. There were fine displays of
apples from Virginia and North Carolina,
and strawberries from Florida.
The range of topics covered by the vari¬
ous papers and discussions covered about
the whole field of pomology. The first one
considered was “Mango Culture in Florida.”
There were two papers, one by Prof. P. II.
Rolfs, director of the Florida Experiment
Station, and the other by John B. Beach of
Palm Beach, Fla. The culture of this trop¬
ical fruit of the East Indies is in its in¬
fancy in the Western Hemisphere, and while
a large number of the choicest varieties
in the world have been introduced there
are but a few young bearing trees, and
therefore, little can be known of their be¬
havior and adaptability. But the promise
is good and the high price of the fruit in
the fancy market, combined with its delici¬
ous flavor and value as a food, is sure to
make it profitable. The section of the
United States where the mango can be
grown is very limited, only the very ex¬
treme southern end of Florida being' free
enough from frost to permit the growth of
the trees. There they flourish well and
are strong and vigorous in growth. The
habit and form of the tree is very striking
and pleasing. It is now only a matter of
learning the facts about the best varieties
to grow and the most successful methods
of their propagation to place American
mango culture on a firm basis. The old
method of propagating the varieties by
inarching, copied from India, is found to be
very good, and we have also learned how
to bud this tree successfully. In Cuba and
Porto Rico the planting of the choice man¬
goes has been started with good prospects
of success.
“Phases of Cuban Citrus Culture” was
the topic discussed verv pleasantlv and
instructively by II. C. Ilendricksen of that
country by a lantern slide talk. There are
many modern orange and pomelo orchards
planted in Cuba and some of them are pro¬
ducing good fruit in abundance.
“Persimmon Culture in America” was
discussed in a very thorough manner by
Prof. II. II. Hume of Florida, giving nu¬
merous illustrations from lantern slides.
The Japanese species, Diospyros kaki, was
stated to be far the most valuable, because
of its large and delicious fruit and the
early and heavy bearing of the trees.
However, there are some difficulties in the
way. The trees are not hardy north of the
cotton growing area and not entirely so all
over it. The blossoms are usually pistillate
and require pollinating to cause fruitage.
This must be done by inter-planting male
blooming trees or grafting scions of the
same into the bearing trees. There has
been very little done in introducing the
Chinese persimmons, which are large and
very good. But the acridity of the fruit
of all the varieties of the Asiatic species is
an objection to its sale on the general
market. There has been a way found to
treat the fruit by putting it in air-tight
jars and turning in a gas that will soon
cause a chemical action that entirely
changes the tannic acid and sweetness re¬
sults. The culture of our American species
of persimmon is yet but little beyond the
experimental stage, although there have
been some very good varieties selected from
the many wild ones. Some of these have
been named and propagated by grafting.
The eastern American species and the
Manchurian make the best and most vigor¬
ous stocks upon which to work all the
varieties.
“Citruo Culture in Texas” was treated in
a very plain and enthusiastic manner by
R. II. Bushway of that State. He stated
that there were millions of acres of land
in Southern Texas that could be devoted
to Citrus fruits of the hardier types. At
the present time the Unshiu or Satsuma
orange of Trifoliata stock is about the
only variety grown, although some of the
common oranges and the pomelo arc grown
to a limited extent.
"Rotundi folia Grapes." by Prof. R. C.
Rcimer of North Carolina, was a most in¬
teresting topic, especially for those who
live and plant grapes in the Southern
States. It is a native species of the region
from Virginia to Louisiana, the fruit is
entirely free from rot and the vine is not
affected by fungus diseases. The plants
grow most freely with almost no attention
beyond a support for the vines, and the
fruit is borne in the greatest abundance.
Ilia grapes are relished in the fresh state
by those who become used to them, and
they can be made into wine and many
culinary preparations. The berries are of
large size and the clusters very small, but
as the skin is very tough and the fruit
parts very easily from the stem it is often
gathered by shaking onto sheets, which
seems a very strange way to gather grapes,
although it is entirely practical and cheap.
Ihcre have been hybrids made between this
species and the other cultivated ones by
I rof. T. t . Munson of Texas, and some of
them are of the most valuable character,
the bunches and berries both being of good
size and excellent in flavor. It is neces-
s&vy to. plant male flowering vines, occasion¬
ally, with all the Rotundifolia varieties to
pollinate their flowers and cause fruitful¬
ness, because the latter are nearly always
lacking in pollen. It was claimed by Pro¬
fessor Reimer that the Scuppernong was the
first of all. our native grapes to be brought
under cultivation, as it is known to have
been done early as the eighteenth century.
“Secondary Crops in -the Orchard" was
discussed in an able but short paper by
Horace Roberts of New Jersey. He told
us of the great and prime need of caring
for the orchard trees first of alT. What¬
ever vegetable or farm crops that can be
grown in the orchard without injury to the
trees, during their earlier years, is all
right, but not much should bo allowed
later. The whole strength of the soil
should go into the orchard trees and the
fruit they bear. This was the burden of
Mr. Roberts’ message. No removal of other
crops should be allowed when the trees are
at bearing age. H. E. Van Deman.
This Work Shoe
Wears Like
the Hoofs of
a Horse
The Haskin-
Granger Shoe
is strictly a
work shoe for
farmers.
The uppers
are made of the stoutest leathers
known to shoemakers, genuine
French Kip, oil-tanned moose, calf,
etc. The outsoles are of specially
selected, hemlock-tanned steer’s
hide, pegged to equally solid leather
insoles. We purposely avoid sewing
on our soles. The best linen thread in
the world will not withstand the wet
rotting of stable refuse and manure.
We use. brass standard screws and
old-fashioned maple pegs that shrink
and swell with the leather and
always keep a water-tight bottom.
The
Haskin-Granger
Shoe
is not to be confused with the ordi¬
nary mail order shoe. The Haskin-
Granger shoe is made in our own
factory under expert supervision.
We are making the most sensible
and serviceable farm shoe in the
world. We are selling direct to the
farmer and eliminating all middle
profits. We stand back of every shoe
we make and guarantee perfect sat¬
isfaction or money refunded.
Write Dept. A for illustrations of
leading styles with full descriptions
and prices.
For our responsibility refer to the
Citizen's Trust Co.,
Utica, N. Y., or any
bank in Utica.
The Haskin Shoe
Mfg. Company
Stittville
Kf'.w York
FARMERS are delighted to find in this great motor car many of the feat¬
ures of motor cars that cost up to $4000. We have spent years in de¬
veloping the Abbott-Detroit until now it is the one perfectly standardized
motor car in the world selling at $1500. By this we mean to emphasize that
every part, every detail has been scrutinized and brought to a stage of perfec¬
tion where we find it impossible to improve. For these reasons you get in the
Abbott-Detroit a country service automobile far exceeding your expectations.
This $1500 Farmers Motor Car
In Many Respects Equals $4000 Cars
“The Car With A Pedigree”
flbbolh Detroit
Looks Just Like Highest Priced Cars
The painting and trimming specifications of
the Abbott-Detroit parallel those of $4000 cars.
The lines, the convenience, the luxury of the
Abbott-Detroit make a great many people think
it costs three times as much as it does.
Over the roughest country roads the Abbott-
Detroit clearly demonstrates its free easy riding,
its power, its noiselessness, its ability to assim¬
ilate ruts, crossings, hard grades and deep mud.
You are as comfortable as you can be because of
the big, strong, perfectly built springs which
level bumps and make all roads seem like
boulevards.
There are many cars listed at $1500 but by
the time you have paid for all the extras you
have expended up to $2000. The Abbott-Detroit
at $1500 includes everything but top and wind¬
shield. It includes a complete electric light
equipment of.two electric headlights and combi¬
nation electric and oil side and rear lamps and
Bosch High Tension or Splitdorf dual ignitiou
system.
Write to-day for the Book of the Abbott-De¬
troit which gives all the vital information about
this wonderful car and when we send it to you
we will include a letter of introduction to our
local dealer who can show you the car itself.
Our guarantee is more than the ordinary
guarantee. When you become an Abbott-Detroit
owner you make a permanent connection with
our organization. We keep in touch with you
and protect you continually. Just drop us a
postal right now and let us tell you all about it.
Abbott Motor Co.,
1 26 Waterloo St., Detroit, Mich.
Pull Your Stumps FREE
SEE here how the Hercules pulls
out big stumps, roots and all.
Don’t have stumpy fields —
loafer land doesn’t pay. This Hercu¬
les Genuine All-Steel Stump Puller is
■ against breakage— flaw or no flaw. Test
■ it on your place for 30 days at our risk.
■ Try it on stumps or green trees.
Triple Power
I "Triple power” attachment means a
I third greater pulling capacity and saves
strain on team and on cables. Three ma-
I chines in one — single, double and triple
I power. Can be changed in a minute right
I in the field from one power to the other by
| one man. Nothing like it in the world.
The Hercules is the only stumo puller
I guaranteed for three years. Only one with
Double Safety Ratchets. Hitch on to any
stump and it is bound to come. Also pulls
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO.,
largest hedge rows and green trees
Don’t risk costly and dangerous dyna¬
mite. Don’t risk a cast iron puller. ■
Write us at once on a postal for our
Special Price Offer I
We have a special price proposition to
the first man we sell to in new sections.
We are glad to make you a special price '
on the first Hercules sold in your commun- I
ity because that will sell many more and I
save advertising. Write us and we will also 1
send you our special price — 30 Days’ Free
Trial and FREE BOOKS about the only All-Steel,
Triple Power Stump Puller— the Famous Hercules.
130 nth Street , Centerville „ Iowa
F or 30 Days with this
Hercules All-SiBel Puller
•SET
For the Want of a ’Phone a Day was Lost- -and
Riding to Town to Order a Broken
Machine Loses an Extra Day.
It Tells You the Markets Daily— Rouses the Neighbors
for Fire— Warne the People of Thieves— Calls You the
Doctor Quickly— Lets You Visit while it Rains— Tells You
the Weather Forecast— Saves You Countless Errands, Etc.
A Dean Telephone in Your Country Home
Costs Only About lc a Week.
Part of a Threshing or Harvesting
Telephone and Save Time.
Every Country Home Will Soon Have a Telephone. Over
500,000 Miles of Farm Telephone Wires now in the U. S.
Wouldn’t you like to have a Telephone all your own? Send
us your Name and Address for Free Booklet and our plan.
Let a Dean ’Phone Do It for You. It Pays
for Itself Every Day.
Address-THE DEAN ELECTRIC CO., 1205 TAYLOR STREET, ELYRIA, OHIO
■5*
w
312
THIS RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 11,
THE CAUSE OF WINTER-KILLING.
C. V., Bayfield, Wis. — How many degrees
of cold can Bartlett pear trees stand with¬
out serious injury? Will the fruit buds of
Bartlett pears stand as much cold as apple
buds? I live on a peninsula extending out
into Lake Superior ; there is a big body of
water on three sides of my land, that never
freezes over. The air is always moist, the
snowfall is so heavy here that we never
have any frost in the ground, except a few
inches sometimes early in Fall. I have
three-year-old Bartlett trees, that have
stood three weeks of 10 to 28 below zero,
and were alive to the last bud in Spring.
\ve are, however,, liable to have longer
spells of cold weather here than that. This
is a new country and the only place west
of the eastern shore of Lake Michigan
wuere there is any water protection from
the west and north. I understand that
winter-killing is caused by evaporation due
to very dry air and frozen ground. We
shall have no trouble here from these two
causes. If the fruit buds of a Bartlett can
stand a temperature of 25 to 30 below
zero for two or three nights occasionally,
1 am convinced that I could succeed with
Bartletts.
Ans.— The Bartlett pear tree and its
buds are about the same in hardiness as
those of ordinary apple varieties, such
as Jonathan, Baldwin, Rhode Island
Greening and Golden Russet, but they
are not so hardy as those of Oldenburg,
Yellow Transparent and others of the
Russian class. It would seem that older
trees of all these varieties, including the
Bartlett pear, must be growing in the
vicinity of the inquirer, or at least on
the peninsula mentioned as being sur¬
rounded on three sides by open water,
and if so the answer could be had right
there and of the most positive charac¬
ter. Similarly situated regions in the
northern part of Lake Michigan are
quite mild in climate and any kind of
apples, pears and peaches are grown
there with good success, as I have often
seen them doing. It would be worth
while to try the ordinary kinds of apples
and pears on the Wisconsin peninsula
referred to if it has not already been
done. This may be a new and valuable
fruit region that has not been tested
for fruit yet to the extent that it de¬
serves. I know of Bartlett pear trees
in northern Michigan that have endured
30 degrees below zero, but that is a very
low temperature for this tree, 'and could
not safely pass more than a very short
spell of this kind. Winter-killing is
nearly always caused as C. V. under¬
stands it, by severely cold, dry air tak¬
ing out the natural moisture beyond the
limit of the ability of the tree to with¬
stand it. Frozen ground adds to the
trouble, because the roots are not able
to lay hold of the soil moisture and
replace that evaporated by the branches.
Where snow covers the ground early in
the Winter and it does not freeze, as is
the case in the region under discussion,
winter-killing would probably not be
very common. Above the snow line the
protection would not be much, but be¬
low it there would be almost no danger.
This whole matter is one that _ needs
testing out on this Wisconsin peninsula.
H. E. VAN DEMAN.
Planting in Crowbar Holes.
I am thinking of setting some fruit trees
this Spring, apples, pears, peaches, plums
tvnd cherries. Would you advise setting
part or all of them in the crowbar holes?
How much would you cut, both roots and
tops? Ought they to be sprayed this year,
next, or when? How far apart? c. E.
Marlboro, N. H.
We would not plant in crowbar boles
except as an experiment. We planted 800
peach trees that way as an experiment.
, Tune-bud trees were used, and the side
roots all cut off. The tops , were cut back
to about 15 inches. A hole was punched
into the ground with a crowbar, and the
little tree or “cutting” put into this hole.
Sand and water were poured around the
tree root and the soil packed down hard.
1'hese little trees started tap roots straight
Sown like clover, or like currant cuttings,
irhov were slow to grow at first, but later
caught up and made good trees. There are
two serious drawbacks to this method.
The lifting power of the frost is such that
those trees without side roots are lifted
and in some cases are thrown out of the
soil like fence posts whioh are not put
below the frost line. Such trees also whirl
around with the wind and form large holes
at the top of the ground. In a cold coun¬
try this plan cannot be endorsed. We now
dig a hole about a foot wide and leave side
roots three to four inches long, cutting the
tan roots off square. The soil is packed
bard around roots, and they serve to anchor
the tree firmly in the soil. Thus root-
pruned and with the top cut back to cor¬
respond the tree makes a good growth.
We plant 32 feet apart for permanent trees.
Spray each year with lime-sulphur.
Western Blackberries. — I would like
to supplement the article by W. V. F. on
page 71, on the subject of blackberries for
Western Wasliinton. The .Evergreen is
grown more extensively than the Hima¬
laya Giant on account of its better ship¬
ping qualities, although the Evergreen is
known to be a poor quality berry. Both of
these varieties are late and follow the
Snyder and Mammoth in season, some¬
times with an interval between crops. The
loganberry and Phenomenal are both
looked upon with favor by the growers in
the Western part of the State, the ma¬
jority holding the. Phenomenal a little
higher on account of a little better qual¬
ity. Their productivity and shipping qual¬
ities are practically the same.
Washington. w. g. brierley.
Do Your
Buildings
Need Paint?
Examine your buildings and se§ if they
need painting now. If they do, don’t put
the work off because you believe linseed
oil will drop in price. There is no hope
of it. Besides, the price of paint made-
to-order of
“Dutch Boy Painter”
White Lead and pure linseed oil is lower than
you may think, if you have not actually figured it.
Get prices from your dealer on the ingredients
of this old-fashioned, long-wearing, pure white
lead paint. You will find it cheaper than any
other paint you’d think of using.
Write for mirfree "Painting Helps No. 808
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
An office in each of the following cities:
NewYork Cleveland Chicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
(John T. Lewis & Bros. Co.,
Philadelphia)
(National Lead and Oil Co..
Pittsburgh)
MAULE’S SEEDS
ONCE GROWN ALWAYS GROWN
is the reason wliy for many years past I have
done such an enormous seed business. 79,430
customers In Pennsylvania alone, with almost
half a million the world over. My New Seed Book
for 1911 is a wonder; contains everything in
seeds, bulbsand plantswortli growing. Welghsl2
ounces; 600 illustrations, 4 colored plates, 176
pages. Any gardener sending his name on a
postal card can have it for the asking. Address
WM. HENRY MAULE
1707-09-11 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa.
fiend 5 cents ( stamps ) and mention this
paper atid I tvill enclose in the catalogue
a packet of seed of the above choice pansy.
SEEDS
ESTIHTHEWORLD
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
a lot of new sorts for
with every order I fill.
Grand Big Catalog CDE’C
Illustrated with over rliEC
700 engravings of vegetables
‘and flowers. Send yours and
neighbors’ addresses.
AY, Rockford, Illinois
LOVER *«. TIMOTHY ?J8lp£
Cheapest and Best Seeding Known
Isike, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully % Al¬
ice, a great bargain. Most wonderful hay and pas-
ire combination that grows. Write for Free Sarn¬
ie and onr large 76-page catalog describing this
onderful grass mixture. Far ahead of anything
ou can sow and ridiculously cheap. Be convinced.
.A. Berry. Seed Co., Bov560Clarinda, Iowa.
Clover Seed, Seed Corn, Seed Oats, Ted™
Highest quality. Why not buy these direct? Cata¬
log of all kinds of farm seeds mailed free on re¬
quest. MACE & MANSFIELD, Greenville, Ohio.
Salzer’s French
Bean Coffee
j<
i
(SOJA KISPIDA)
A wholesome drink 1 The healthiest
ever ; you can grow it in your own gar¬
den on a small patch 10 feet by 10, pro¬
ducing 60 lbs. or more. Ripens hi Wis¬
consin hi 90 days. Used in great quan¬
tities in France, Germany and all over
Europe.
Send 15 cents in stamps and wewill
mail you a package giving full culture
directions, as also our Mammoth seed
catalog free ; or send 8 1 cents and get,
in addition to above, 10,000 kernels un¬
surpassable vegetable and fl ower seeds-
enongh for bushels of lnscions. different
_ vegetables and brilliant flowers.
JOHN A. 5ALZER SEED COMPANY
144 South 8th St. La Crosso Wis.
□
FARM SEEDS ONLY
OUR vast business is devoted solely to growing and selling Farm Seeds.
We do not handle Garden or Flower seeds or Nursery Stock and all
of our energies are given to producing the best Farm Seeds that grow on
our own 1600 acre Seed Farms and selling them direct to the consumer at
the lowest possible prices consistent with highest possible quality.
HEADQUARTERS
Seed Potatoes , 31 varieties. 60,000 bushels— prices right.
Seed Oats that are sure to give satisfaction. We sold 30,000 bushels of one variety
last year that has produced on our own farms over twice the average yield of the
United States for the past six years. About 5,000 bushels, our own growing, still on
hand but going fast. Prices as low as 65 cents per bushel. Also a new extra early,
heavy grained Oat weighing 40 : 44 pounds per bushel. Our seed oats are thoroughly
resereened twice by the best mills known to the trade.
Seed Corn— Mammoth Yellow Flint, Early Yellow' Dent, New York State Improved
Learning, grown here for the past eight years, thoroughly acclimated and Dibble s
new Mammoth White Dent are the kinds that fill the cribs and silos. Germination
tests 95# to 98#.
Alfalfa , Clover and grass seeds, celebrated D. B. Brand. The best that money can
buy. 100 samples test 99.60* to 99.98# pure.
Samples of Oats, Corn. Clover and Grass Seed cheerfully mailed you
postpaid for testing". No obligation to buy. Ask for what you want.
Dibble’s Seed Catalog FREE
and every farmer should have one. Send for yours now.
. . . ADDRESS . . .
Edward F. Dibble, Seedgrower, Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.
of time-tested helpful, information for
growing vegetables and plants, plainly written by
experts and arranged conveniently with descriptions,
engravings and prices. Recognized standard for over
70 years, 1911 edition increased to 288 pages, nearly 1000
illustrations, 8 color and duotone plates. Describes
over 1200 varieties of Flower Seeds, 2000 kinds of Plants,
600 varieties of Vegetables, besides Hardy Shrubs,
Small Fruits, Roses, Climbers, Aquatics, etc.
Mailed free to anyone mentioning this publication.
llrcerV Stook-flowered I,ark»pur«
This beantlful old-fashioned favorite flower ehonld he In every garden.
Knsy to grow, flowering all summer In many exquisite shades of bine,
rose, red, lilac, white, etc. Mixed colors. 10 cents per paoltet. “Carden
Book” free with each book. _ _
henry a. dreer PHILADELPHIA
Burpee9 s Seeds Grow!
And the Burpee- Business Grows !
If you would like to read about the Best Seeds that can be Grown and the
Largest Mail-Order Seed Trade in the world, you should write to-day (a postal
card will do) for The 35th Anniversary Edition of THE LEADING AMERICAN SEED
CATALOG. A bright new book of 174 pages, — it is free to all who appreciate
adsd“t W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Philadelphia
PIONEER
SIS
FOR ALL KINDS OF
CLOVER and FIELD
SEEDS also GARDEN,
FLOWER SEEDS
and Implements
Write to this Old Reliable
House— Catalogue Free
and Field Seed Price List
mailed you on application.
THTHENRY PHILIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO. , Toledo, 0.
CABBAGE SEED
New Enkhuizen Glory (the world’s best cab¬
bage) : extra selected seed, my own Importa¬
tion. direct from Introducers in Holland, of
this truly wonderful Cabbage, Lb. $2 60, Oz.,
36 cts., Pkt., 10 cts. E. J. Wakefield. All
Head Early. Early Summer, Succession,
Winnigstadt. Surehead. Late Flat Dutch,
Drumhead, Lb. 81.60, Oz. 20 cts., Pkt. 5 cts.
Postpaid. Write for free Catalog.
J. AUG. DRAKE, Seedsman 100 Main St., Chester N. 3.
She Farmer-S Farmer’sWif e
6 Henderson Specialties and
Our Big Illustrated Seed Book
HERE’S a book that will help make bigger profits
for you. 212 pages of information. 8 color
plates. Over 800 photo engravings showing actual
results without exaggeration from HENDERSON’S
tested seeds. Use them for bigger yields per acre
and better prices per bushel.
Best of all, it contains 8 pages oi general cultur¬
al information no farmer can afford to miss.
AND HERE IS WHERE THE FARMER’S WIFE COMES IN.
This year we have induced Mrs. Rorer— the famous culinary
expert— to furnish one recipe for cooking each vegetable. There
are three pages of these. The best recipes by the best cook.
How to get the
Book and Specialties
Send us 10c. mentioning this paper and we will send you
the famous Henderson Seed Book “Everything for the
Garden” together with one packet of each of the following
Henderson’s Specialties :
Scarlet Globe Radish Ponderosa Tomato
Henderson’s Invincible Asters Big Boston Lettuce
Giant Spencer Sweet Peas Mammoth Butterfly Pansies
These packets are enclosed in a coupon envelope
which when emptied and returned, will be accepted
as 25c cash payment on any order of one dollar
or over.
Peter Henderson
& Co.
35-37 Ccrtlandt Street
New York
P. S. — As this re¬
markable offer is
made solely to
demonstrate the
superiority of Hen¬
derson’s Tested
Seeds, only one
can be sent to any¬
one person.
PETER HENDERSON & CO..
35-37 Cortlandt St., New York City
I enclose herewith 10c for which send
catalogue and “Henderson Specialty
Collection” as advertised.
J
1911.
TRAINING AND PRUNING THE GRAPE¬
VINE.
The amateur can often take advantage
of walls upon which to train grapes ; he
can also use grapes for covering unsightly
objects. They are exceedingly tractable
and plastic by nature, and accommodate
themselves to apparently difficult situa¬
tions. The training of grapes is one
thing. This means the adopting or choos¬
ing of a certain method of growing them.
Whether the grower shall lead out two
arms at right angles, and in opposite di¬
rections from the upright stem, and from
these direct parallel upright canes ; or
whether he shall lead out in radiating
fashion several canes from the base, or
whether he shall lead long canes up over
an arbor for the purpose of completely en¬
shrouding it, are matters of training. The
pruning of grapevines consists in cutting
back the right amount of the current sea¬
son’s growth, the amount which experi¬
ence says a grape of a certain habit of
growth and certain amount of individual
vigor should respond to properly. The
pruning of grapes is a simple matter when
their habit of growth is understood. We
prune either to check or stimulate vigor,
to encourage fruit production, or, on the
other hand, to discourage it.
The fruit of all varieties we deal with
in the North and East is borne on the
wood produced during the current year’s
growth, and by its wood springs from buds
produced by last year’s shoots. Each bud
of last year, except those which come from
suckers or base shoots, Is a promise of a
fruit-bearing shoot, and each shoot is a
promise of from two to five bunches of
grapes. These promises are not all ful¬
filled, but they are realized in proportion
as the grape is healthy and the season
favorable. It is, then, not difficult on a
five or six-year-old grapevine to estimate
with a fair degree of accuracy how many
bunches of fruit we may have if we prune
15 or 20 fruit-bearing buds. With this
general proposition in mind, the pruning of
the grape is not difficult. The purposes of
training, on the other hand, are to dis¬
pose the grape suitably so that it may
ripen its fruit evenly .and well. The
amateur can afford to train as his fancy
dictates. The commercial grower must
train to suit his climate, soil, varieties
and the kind of labor which he is obliged
to employ. In either case, the object is
to produce the approximate number of
fruitbearing shoots the vigor of the va¬
riety suggests that it should carry for the
best results.
The “fan system” is used most freely
where vines are protected in the Autumn
by laying them down and covering them
with soil. The canes are carried up from
the ground in a divergent manner, in the
form of a fan. The old canes are cut out
and removed from time to time as they
grow too rigid to allow of easy bending.
At the close of the growing season, after
the leaves have fallen, the greater number
of the canes are cut back to the last bud.
A few of the strongest are left, in order
to carry the fruit to a greater height upon
the trellis. There is a tendency on the
part of the grower who prunes after this
fashion to allow too much wood to remain
on the plant in the Autumn, especially
when it is young. The vine should not
be allowed to bear the second year after
setting out, and only a small crop the
third year. A heavy crop of fruit borne
by young vines the third year after plant¬
ing will sometimes ruin the yield for two
or three succeeding years, and occasion¬
ally destroy the vines. The prospective
crop may be more or less accurately esti¬
mated by multiplying the number of buds
by two ; this kind of estimate may be
used as a guide in pruning. The fan sys¬
tem aims at starting the canes near the
ground, giving the vine practically several
main stems. The “high renewal” system,
or modification of it, is probably more
generally adopted throughout commercial
grape sections than any other. It aims at
starting the head about two feet from the
ground, so that the main branches are tied
to the lower wire. The vine is usually
started the second year with two canes
striking out in Y-shaped fashion. In the
Fall of the same year all side shoots are
cut back closely and the main canes cut
back to four or five buds each. The third
season, three or four of the strongest
shoots springing from the center of the
head are allowed to grow. In the Autumn
these replace the outer arms, and arc in
turn replaced by them the following sea¬
son. The aim is, then, to renew the fruit¬
ing canes from different parts of the old
wood every year. The number of buds to
be left will depend upon the strength of
the variety and the individual plant. Con¬
cord, Niagara and Worden will carry with
safety more wood than Moore’s Early or
Delaware, and this is true without refer¬
ence to the method employed. As the
canes grow they are tied to the wires of
the trellis, distributing the foliage as much
as possible. It is usually found necessary
to go over the vineyard two, three and
occasionally four times during the Sum¬
mer.
The “horizontal two-arm system” is es¬
pecially adapted to sections of the country
THE RU RAL NEW-YORKER
313
where it is advisable to give the vines
Winter protection. Two strong canes are
trained in opposite directions. The laterals
springing from these are trained .perpen¬
dicularly. In the Autumn the laterals are
cut back to short one-eye spurs. When
the spurs become weak they are renewed,
as is an entire arm occasionally. This
system calls for a four-wired trellis, in
order to properly tie the strong upright
growths. Well adapted to wall or high
garden trellis, the three methods of train¬
ing described thus far are all on the up¬
right plan, in those which follow the vines
hang down.
The “four-cane Kniffin” is essentially
a commercial system and exclusively
adapted in field culture in certain parts
of New York State. In this system the
trellis consists of two wires. The main
cane is carried to the top wire and from
it an arm is trained each way on the two
wires. The side canes are tied to the
wires and the lower ends allowed to hang
free. Several modifications of this system
are in use.
We now come to overhead or arbor sys¬
tems. In one of these systems the vines
are carried up seven-foot posts and al¬
lowed to rest on cross wires, forming in
this way a kind of arbor. One plan is
to nail a crosspiece to each part at right
angles to the pole. This extends three
feet on each side. Three wires are
stretched on these, one at each end, the
other in the middle, to the posts. The
trellis is thus a horizontal one, and six
feet above the ground. An unbranched
trunk is carried up to the middle vine
and the canes spread either side from this
point. A T-shaped head is considered the
ideal form. Another overhead system is
known as the “cross-wire Kniffin.” On
this a small post six or seven feet high
is set for each vine. The tops of the posts
are connected by cross wires. The vines
are trained up the posts, and on reaching
the top four arms are trained outward, one
on each wire. In the Autumn the arms
are cut back to six or eight buds each.
The amateur may start two canes from the
ground, spreading as they rise, and may
depend upon laterals to cover his arbor.
“Post training” is only satisfactory
where there is plenty of heat to ripen the
grapes, and gives fullest satisfaction with
weak-growing varieties. Four or five-foot
stakes may be used. Two or three canes
are trained up each year from the ground.
It is strictly a renewal plan. Much Sum¬
mer pruning and pinching are required to
regulate growth. But, on the other hand,
the vines may be tucked in four by four
feet apart. Delaware, Golden Drop and
Campbell’s Early can be grown on posts
with some satisfaction.
Pruning of the annual kind may be
done after the leaves are killed by frost
or the wood is thoroughly ripened. When
the vines are taken off the trellis, as in
30-degree-below-zero sections, the pruning
is done just before laying the canes down
in Autumn. Where the vines do not need
Winter protection, the pruning may be
done any convenient time during late Fall
or Winter. It should not be deferred till
the sap flows in Spring, as vines pruned
at this time are often weakened by ex¬
cessive bleeding. It is always desirable to
remove the shoots that spring from or
near the base of the vine, except when
they are required for a special end. These
shoots are quickly broken#out, or nipped off
when soft and succulent. A certain amount
of shortening back is also desirable. This
should not be done too early in the season.
If pinched early in the growing season, a
great mass of laterals is produced and
the amount of work very much augmented.
T. a. T.
When you write advertisers mention The
II. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
HONEST CONFESSION.
A Doctor’s Talk on Food.
There are no fairer set of men on earth
than the doctors, and when they find they
have been in error they are usually apt
to make honest and manly admission of
the fact.
A case in point is that of a practitioner,
one of the good old school, who lives in
Texas. His plain, unvarnished tale needs
no dressing up :
“I had always had an intense preju¬
dice, which I can now see was unwar¬
rantable and unreasonable, against all
muchly advertisedlfoods. Hence, I never
read a line of the many ‘ads’ of Grape-
Nuts, nor tested the food till last winter.
“While in Corpus Christi for my
health, and visiting my youngest son,
who has four’of the ruddiest, healthiest
little boys I ever saw, I ate my first
dish of Grape-Nuts food for supper with
my little grandsons.
“I became exceeding fond of it and
have eaten a package of it every week
since, and find it a delicious, refreshing
and strengthening food, leaving no ill
effects whatever, causing no eructations
(with which I was formerly much
troubled), no sense of fullness, nausea,
nor distress of stomach in any way.
“There is no other food that agrees
with me so well, or sits as lightly or
pleasantly upon my stomach as this does.
“I am stronger and more active since I
began the use of Grape-Nuts than I have
been for 10 years, and am no longer
troubled with nausea and indigestion.”
Name given by Postum Co., Battle
Creek, Mich.
Look in pkgs. for the famous little
hook, ‘The Road to Wellville.”
“There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
CLOTHCRAFT
TWO men were speaking of a
$i6.5osuitof Clothcraft Clothes.
It was being worn by one of these
men, who for years before had worn
only custom suits at $45 to $60. It
was being examined by the other
man — also a wearer of custom clothes.
“What a fine, soft piece of cloth !”
the latter exclaimed. And it was!
The quality and taste represented in the fabrics are
but two of the noteworthy features of Clothcraft Clothes
for men and young men — the only guaranteed all-wool
line at $10 to $25. Another very desirable feature is the
really remarkable fit — close-fitting collar, shapely
shoulders, non-breakable coat-front, heel-hugging trousers.
And back of these is the protection of the definite Cloth¬
craft guaranty, backed by dealer and maker. It assures
absolutely all-wool, first-class trimmings and workman¬
ship, lasting shape, service and satisfaction.
Clothcraft Scientific Tailoring gives you these
advantages at a saving of £5 to $10 a 6uit.
Go the nearest Clothcraft Store, or write ua
direct. We’ll gladly send you the Clothcraft
style-folder for spring, and a booklet pictur¬
ing the clean, fight shop where Clothcraft
Clothes are made, together with the name of
the nearest Clothcraft dealer. He’s a man
who believe* his customers are entitled to
honest clothes, honest treatment and an hon¬
est guaranty. That’s why he sells Clothcraft.
THE JOSEPH & FEISS CO.
Founded 1850 — Oldest American
Manufacturers of Men’s Clothes
635 St. Clair Ave„ N. W. Cleveland
GUARANTEED
ALL WOOL
REG.U.S.
PAT. OFF.
£T FLAX WILT POSITIVELY PREVENTED
BY THE USE OF FORMALDEHYDE e>
Every farmer should acquaint himself with the up-to-date
method of disinfection which prevents this pest from destroying
crops — it is simple, sure and inexpensive. Formaldehyde is equally
successful for the elimination of all smuts, and fungus growths that
attack the various grains as well as scab and black-leg on potatoes.
Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Write for free booklet
with full instructions.
PERTH AMBOY CHEMICAL COMPANY
100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK
For BIGGER crops and BETTER use
Shipped In 100-lb. bags, handy to handle, in powder form ready for use. No
waste in slaking and screening — every bit available for distribution by band or
spreader. Delivered in carloads of 20 tons to New England points for $8.<K) to $0.00
per ton, price varying with freight rates, or write to us for name of nearest dealer from
whom you can buy any amount.
Lime feeds run-down land. Lime sweetens land soured by fertilizers. Lime
shakes up clogged soil and holds together soil that is too loose. The cost is only a
fraction of the extra, profit you will get by using it.
Our free booklet, “Liming the Land,” tells about the when, where and how of liming
ROCKLAND-ROCKPORT LIME CO.
Boston, 84 Milk St. Dockland, Me. New York, Fifth Ave. Bldg.
WELL FLAVORED,
LARGE, AND A
HIGHLY
COLORS
r
HIS is the kind of peach it pays best
to raise, because it’s the kind people
want most and pay highest for.
A better shipping peach results from
an application of
In other words — Potash Pays.
See that your peach orchard
fertilizer contains at least 10%
of actual Potash, or broadcast
200 lbs. muriate of Potash and
400 lbs. acid phosphate per acre
in the orchard.
We sell Potash in any amount —
from 200-lb. bags up. Write now for price.
GERMAN KALI WORKS, Inc.
Whitney Central Bank Building, New Orleans
■
■Hi
314
\THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Set Your Plants Better
with a Fetzer
Transplanter
Waters the roots,
leaves no hard crust
on surface. Every
plant lives. 1 man and
2 boys transplant 5 acres a day and do better work.
Write to-day for Free Book No. 49 on Transplanting
THE WM. FETZEK CO., Springfield, Ill.
“Gold Medal”
Bates’ Yellow Flint Seed Corn
FOR SALE
j For free pamphlet giving particulars
of cultivation, exhibits and prices, address
THEODORE C. BATES
NORTH BROOKFIELD, MASS.
Cuthbert Raspberry, Eldorado Blackberry,
Wineberry, Barrs Mammoth, and Giant
Argenteuil Asparagus, Privet, etc.
Prices and plants will satisfy.
H. H. CORSON & SON, Avondale, Pa.
EVERGREENS.
Largest stock in
America, including
Colorado Blue Spruce
and Douglas Spruce
of Colorado.
Also Ornamental
Shade and Forest
Trees.
R. DOUGLAS’ SONS
Waukegan, Ilk
| / nnrrr Guaranteed 1
lOnUdEnJ to Bloom 4)1
We want to prove to you that here are
“the Best Roses in America,” sold on
their own roots, direct from America’s
foremost propagators. Different spe¬
cies, in a variety of beautiful colors — a
very riot of gorgeous loveliness. Sent
postpaid on receipt of price. 1911 Floral
Guido FREE.
THE CON ARI> & .TONES CO.
Rose Speci«lists— 5# years’ experience
4-C
Box 4-C,
West Grove, l’a.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
CELERYCITYNURSERIESjOes^
Fruit Trees From the Grower.
Save middlemen’s expense and get them
fresh dug. Catalog free.
WM. J. REILLY. NURSERYMAN. DANSVILLE. N Y.
SALESMEN WANTED sion paid weekly. Write
- — for terms. PERRY NURS-
TO SELL TREES AND PLANTS ERIES, Rochester, N. Y,
EDUIT TDEEC Pear*. Bartlett, Seckel and others.
I I\L11 InLLj Cherries and Plums, all standard
varieties. Peaches grown from buds from bearing
stock. Get wholesale prices direct from us ; also SI I.ot
Offers. Free Catalog. Prize Hampshire sheep. Write
W. P. RUPERT * SON, Box 20, Seneca, N. Y.
CATALPA
SPECIOSA
TREES
Mine are true to name. Write for Free booklet which tells
all about the 150 acres I am growing for telephone poles.
H. C. ROGERS, Box 11, Mechanicsburg, Ohio.
200 t arletles. Also Grapes, Small Fruits, etc. Best
rooted stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for 10c.
Catalog free. LEWIS ROKSOH A SON, Box h , Frcdonla, N. V.
CRAPE
VINES
can be bought right this year. Send us a
memorandum of your wants for prices.
MINER & MINER
Grape Vine Growers, Sheridan, 1)1. V.
RAPEVINE
Large stock. Best varieties. Best Grade.
Guaranteed true.
SPECIAL OFFER.
We will send, postpaid, 10 strong, hardy, two-
year-old GRAPEVINES — best varieties, red,
white and black — for $1.00. Just the kind
for planting around the house, along fences, or
in the garden. W e also offer Five Three-Year-
old Vines For SI 00. Will bear year after
, planting. Our valuable hook, how to plant
, and prune, free with every order. Mention '
k this paper and we’ll add free one new,
large, red currant.
. T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY
Grapevine Specialists
2 tO Central A ve. , Frcdonla, N.Y.
Established 44 years.
am ■SI4S& NEWSEEDOATS. Big money
nm aa mm in right kind of oats. Here's
RR H yk your chance. I reported Canadian
ifcJB B seed oats, raised on Galloway
SRH B BjB Brothers’ big farm in Canada.
{3M I H snow New, clean land. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre ; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought tliis seed from us last year raised as high as 75 to 100
bushels in this country, and found out their old seed was inbred
and run out. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed,
pend for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. Will also send
our free booklet, entitled "Big Money in Oats and How. to Grow
Them.’’ Galloway Bros.-Bowman Company
662 Galloway Station _ Waterloo, Iowa
QTT'lTn Potatoes, Disease-Proof Read’s
OEvCtli Goldenflake, Golden Gem, and Peach-
blow. New varieties, wonders. Sold direct. Write
for facts., G. A. READ Read’s Exp. Farms, Charlotte, Vt.
PLANTING APPLE TREES IN BRUSH.
H. B. H., Buchanan, Mich. — What would
you consider the prospects of success of an
apple orchard, about four acres, planted on
ground from which the timber, maple,
beech and basswood, was cut six years ago
and has since been pastured ? Most of the
ground is sodded over, but in places are
patches of briers and pawpaw. It is the
top of a hill and the eastern slope. Would
it be better to grub and plow, or plant as
it is and mulch ?
Ans. — If properly handled here is a
good chance to have a . profitable or¬
chard. We should grub or blow out
enough stumps to enable us to plant
straight rows. This can often be done
in such cases by removing a few stumps
so as to make strips five or six feet
wide across the field. Plant the trees
on these strips, sighting both ways to
get them even. Then keep these narrow
strips plowed and cultivated, with such
grass and fine brush as you can cut
piled around the trees. This gives some
culture, and will keep the trees growing
while the stumps between the rows can
be killed and removed as opportunity
permits.
Starting Tobacco Seed.
F. W. II., Hollywood, Md.— Can some
one tell me about sprouting tobacco seed
before seeding? Why do they do it? What
stage of sprouting do they seed them? IIow
do they do it, and how long can they be
kept before sowing if weather conditions
prevent seeding? With what do they mix
them and how do they cover? How long
does it take to sprout them? Is at neces¬
sary to water bed after seeding?
Ans. — I have never sprouted tobacco
seed before sowing, but have heard that
the seed can be sprouted by putting them
in a bag and putting the bag in a warm
heap of fresh manure- till sprouted. I
have always sown tobacco seed in an
ordinary cold frame’ under glass sashes.
I get better plants and earlier in this
way than in the usual way. The com¬
mon practice is to burn the site of the
bed thoroughly with wood and brush,
rake in the ashes and apply a good to¬
bacco fertilizer liberally and sow the
seed broadcast, then a cover of cotton
cloth is placed over the bed as a pro¬
tection. But by sowing under glass in
rows thinly one can get better, shorter
and stouter plants. w. F. massey.
THE EVERBEARING STRAWBERRY, AS
GROWN IN MEXICO.
In several numbers of The R. N.-Y. I
have noted, with interest, the notes in re¬
gard to the everbearing strawberry. It
seems that the editor of The R. N.-Y. is
rather sceptical in regard to this plant.
In the City of Mexico we have straw¬
berries every day in the year. In some
months of the year they are more plenti¬
ful than in others, but in more or less
quantity they are always here. They are,
of course, from a plant that is practically
everbearing, although, and here it is well
to make a careful note, at no time during
the year do they boar near as heavily as
the same plant during its bearing season
in the North. They are known here as the
strawberry of Irapuato, because it is in
that district that practically the entire
crop is grown. This place is about 200
miles north of the City bf Mexico, and the
fruit is sent in by express, and just as it
is picked, loose, in about 20-pound bas¬
kets. The growth of the fruit is slowly
spreading, and some is now grown at
Guadalajara and a little at Obregon, far¬
ther north. The climate, soil and water
'suitable for the growth of the fruit, how¬
ever, seems to be very limited at present.
The Irapuato strawberry, or the variety
thus described, is, as will be seen, one of
the so-called everbearers. It throws up
flower stems at any time of the year as the
plant reaches condition ; naturally the sea¬
son of the year in which vegetation is
more vigorous, and this occurs here dur¬
ing the rainy season of Summer, it flow¬
ers more abundantly. In no case, it must
be noted, does the flowering reach one-
third of that which occurs in the same
flowering season in the North, and the
cost of picking is correspondingly in¬
creased. When the fruit is scarce, as at
this time of the year, the picking is a big
item. The Irapuato strawberry, in leaf,
resembles the common northern one. It is
distinct in throwing out few runners. It
prefers to grow as a bunch or clump by
stooling. In this it resembles the Alpine
strawberry, and it may be a cross or va¬
riety of the two types. It is spoken of
here as a “fresa,” which means the com¬
mon running strawberry, and is distinctly
understood not to be the “freson,” which
means the clump or Alpine plant. The
“freson” we have here succeeding in one
small village near the city, but it does
not succeed in the “fresa” or Irapuato
district. It is also an everbearer of good
quality, but not so productive as the lat¬
ter.
The better American varieties have been
brought here for trial many times, but I
do not know of anyone who has made
them succeed or even grow well. They
dwindle and die off as if lacking vigor or
strength to stand the conditions. It may
deserve noting here that in the French cata¬
logues are both “fresas” and “fresons,” but
what relations they bear to the only two
varieities that succeed here can only be con¬
jectured. It may be that from France they
were introduced. L. E. benton. •
Mexico.
TO TREE
SURGEONS
You will soon be busy operating.
Have you modem up-to-date in¬
struments, to do fast, easy and per¬
fect work and save tirpe and money?
If not, investigate. Our Kansas
Pruning Knife Improved is auto¬
matic — no hand levers to bother.
Our Happy Thought Knife for light work has
pump-gun action which means something.
Illustrated circulars for the asking .
INTERNATIONAL TOOL CO.
49-51 Porter Street, DETROIT, MICH.
rrrn ftllTC Read’s Green Mountain Won-
dEKLU UQ I V derful new variety. Yields
130 bus. to acre. Absolutely rustproof. Outyielded
Swedish Select in five-year test. Circular free.
fi. A. READ, Read’s Experiment Farms. Charlotte,*Vt.
rnn CAI E— 1 Canada Peas, $1.85bushel; Alas.
rUll OALC ka Peas $4.00 bushel; Cow Peas.
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel.
Sow Canada Peas and Oats in March and harvest
a crop of Hay in Mav. Onion Sets at. $2.25 per
bnsliel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND. Milford, Del.
OATS
alog free.
THAT YIELD. Our Sensation Oats
breaks all records. Nothing like it.
Also SEED CORN. Samples and cat-
THEO. BURT & SONS, MELROSE, OHIO.
ONION SEED-
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg, Flat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
- THEILMANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA. -
ONION C 'P'CTv— Fancy home-grown stock.
v-J it 1 V-/ it *3 ECU Send for samples and
prices. J. B. QUIRK, North Madison, Ohio.
CATALOG FREE
The Best MEYER &
<JfMwhprrv superior son,
OiraWDerry The Best Bridoeville, Del.
Dpnrh ELBERTA
x CdUI The Best
Manufacturers of all
kinds of fruit baskets
and crates. Write for
Catalogue and Price
List.
WEBSTER BASKET COMPANY,
Box 431. Webster. Monroe Co.. N. Y.
WHOLESALE PRICES
On Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry,
Currant, Asparagus and Grape Plants, Heavy Rooted.
Hlgb Grade Stock. 19tb Annual Catalogue Free.
fi. R- WESTON & CO., R. 8 Bridgman. Mich.
200 Bushels of Strawberries
From a Single Acre
One of our patrons made this record with
plants bought of us. Just a^k a commission
man what this quantity of fruit would have .
brought the grower any year lately, and /g
you’ll see that there's money in berries . *
Knight’s Free Book
on Small Fruit
Tells the best Strawberries, Rasp¬
berries, Blackberries, Dewberries,
Gooseberries, Currants, etc., and just
how to groov them. Knight’s plants
have a national reputation for superior
quality and high vigor. Send todajr
for free copy of our catalogue,
David Knight
& Son
i
Box 56 Sawyer, Micb.
5,000 QUARTS OF
STRAWBERRIES
in September and October
from one acre by planting
Kevitt’s New Fall-Bearing
Plants. This I guarantee or
I will return your money
paid for plants. Send for my
catalogue. Over five new
fall-bearing varieties.
T. C. KEVITT, ATHENIA, N. J.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for new Ulus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Del.
STRAWBERRY Plants. Send for free catalog. Large
stock Miller, best red raspberry, only $5 per 1000. Also,
eggs for hatching. Pure W. Wy. and B. P. R., 26 eggs
for $1.25. Slaymaker & Son, Wyoming, DeL
Perfection Red Raspberry
a a. _ a. TI22 _ ut:ij n
March 11,
THE APPLE BUSINESS
Is a sure thing — if you have the right kind of
a tree. People may plant too many oranges
but the good old apple is a sure thing. The
time to get in with that hillside is right now
— this Spring.
There is some discussion about the best
aged tree to plant. Some want big trees and
some little whips. We have them all!
The size is a matter of opinion but every¬
body agrees that the health and life of the
tree is more important. We put life and
health in our trees — or they do it themselves.
They grow in strong ground with no
check from start to finish and with a long
fall season to harden and ripen their woods.
They are sound, free from disease and
ready to grow. Every variety you want
and every tree right.
The Catalog tells all about it.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, t Box 15, BERLIN, MD.
'R0WONI0NS
.BEST SEED/
iNLVr
Start Right with GOOD SEED
i Wc know that our Seed is EXTRA
GOOD, and supply yearly many of
* the largest growers.
$150 TO $300 PER ACRE
IS WITHIN YOUR REACH
We have an enormous crop of best; ;
commercial varieties and make
Special Low I’rices On quantity.
Tell us how many acres you will
plant in Onions and what varie¬
ties and we will send samples
and rock bottom prices. Better
write now — it's worth your while.
Also any other seeds you need.
Henry Field Seed Co.
No. 26 Field Bldg.,
SHENANDOAH, IA
1/
.; t \ t > r >,Jn; .1;
i' zS
U I ! VtY Pi
o°f O f, g a 4
C -° C ° O O r\
» % o O o c X
O S % cc $> ai
Q
PAPPP POT C — Three-inch, $1 .25 a 1 ,000,
1 nr Cl\ TUI J four-inch, $1.75 a 1,000,
P. B. CROSBY & SON, Oatonsville, Md,
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That’s what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. D. M. TEETER, Belleville, Ohio.
Strawberry Plants^roTirL™
at 51. 00 per 1.000 and up. Catalogue free.
_ ALLEN BROS., PAW PAW, MICH.
Qtrau/horru Plante of tho Besfc varieties.
uUunUCliy nail 15 Descriptive Catalogue
Free. BASIL PERRY, D. 18, Cool Spring, Del.
TRAWDERRY PLANTS only $1.50 & $1 .76 per 1000. Illus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIRDIN, Hartly, Del.
S
PLANTS
Our free book quotes
lowest prices, honestly
describes 60 varieties,
explains C. O. I>. plan,
tells how to plant and grow strawberries, rasp¬
berries, blackberries, grapes, etc.
A. G. BLOUNT, Dept. A, Hastings, N. Y.
TWO Million .Berry Plants at Attractive Prices.
Full line of Fruit Trees. Miller Red Rasp-
berryplants*5.00per thousand. Send forprice list.
ELMER A. PRIESTLEY, Winslow. New Jersey, R. F D. No 1.
6 PACKETS Garden Seeds,
NORRIS W. ADAMS. Worcester. Mass.
CCtnC Clovers; Medium Red, Mammoth,
WktUw Alsike, Alfalfa; Timothy, Blue Grass.
B.ed Top, Soy Beans, Cow Peas, Oats, Corn, etc.
Send for prices and samples. _
ZACK HA VIS CO., Delaware Ohio
POTATOES — miss, Bovae, Carman, Cobbler, King, Longfellow,
Queen, Koae, Wouder. 85 kinds. C. W. FORD, Fisher*, N. Y
SWEET POTATO SEED, DEWBERRY AND
Strawberry Plants, Asparagus Roots, Grape
Vines. Catalog free. MICHAEL N. B0RG0, Vineland, N. J.
N. WERTHEIMER & SON
Choice seeds bought direct from the farmer and sold
direct to the farmer. We offer you the choicest
seeds, doubly recleaned, Medium and Mammoth
Clover Seed, Alsike, Alfalfa. Timothy, Crimson
Clover, White Clover, Red Top, Orchard Grass,
Blue Grass, Lawn Grass, all kinds of Corn, Spring
and Winter Wheat, Buckwheat, all kinds of Peas.
Samples and prices sent on application. # * *
N. WERTHEIMER & SON LIGONIER, INDIANA
55. kills Prairie Dogs,
Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of the gods
grind slow but exeeed-
ifi
FUMA
r — The best ever.
Ironclad in
hardiness; most prolific. Wilder 'Currant Bushes.
Send for circular. VALLEY VIEW FRUIT
FARM, Marlborough, N. Y.
Argenteuil Asparagus Roots^fffiS, imputed
seed. E^^^£^’BE^KiiAN!MiddIetown. N. J. _ ___ _
■ AdiniAIIO six varieties of healthy, thrifty one and two-year-old roots.
n\pn|{n|«IJN -A-lso’ full *ine Fruit Trees, Ornamental Strawberry Plants, ^ mes,
Vm I nilHw V W California Privet, Garden Tools, Spraying Outfits, etc.
Write for catalog and valuable Spraying Chart. It’s FREE.
ARTHUR J. CORUUNS, Box R, Moorestown, N. J.
1 ingly small.” So the weevil, but you can stop their
j ewith “ Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ”a“ &
J EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Tan, N. Y»
ROOTS.
In order to get people to try our plants, we have decided to cut OUR
prices in two on the following leading varieties, knowing that if "KILE
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and
those who till it.” — Adv.
I we sell you once, we will hold
’ your trade for years to come.
All plants securely packed
for shipment by express. If
you order all these, you save
$4.25. If you want plants in large
quantities, let us price your list,
tie are headquarters for the new¬
est and best in everything, including
, Royal Purple
Fall Bearing strawberries
and Idaho raspberries, Early Ozark strawberry, Hastings potato,
etc. 28 years of experience. Catalogue free. Address
L. J. FARMER, Box 120, Pulaski, New York
2 dozen Dunlap strawberry plants 25c,
2 dozen Norwood ”
2 dozen Champion ”
2 dozen Cuthbert red raspberry
2 dozen Plum Farmer blk. rasp.
2 dozen Snyder blackberry plants
2 dozen asparagus roots ....
6 Concord grape vines ....
6 red gooseberry plants ....
6 red currant plants .....
6 rhubarb roots . 30c,
2 outdoor roses . 25c,
1011.
PLAIN FACTS ABOUT SPRAYING.
When and How to Do It.
Part II.
Where good help is plenty and avail¬
able the hand sprayer is not only prac¬
tical but sometimes desirable. No one
should get a power sprayer who is not
mechanic enough to keep it in good con¬
dition, for he will never get any service
from it. On the other hand where help
is scarce, sometimes the only way to
get the work done is to depend upon
the power rig, so I do not believe any¬
one is competent to advise what kind
of outfit to use, except he knows some
of the conditions of the party to make
the purchase.
Applying Mixtures.— Taking up the
application of the mixtures in the order
of their relative importance, I consider
the one for scale first. We can grow
good trees without growing good fruit,
but we cannot grow good fruit without
growing good trees, and a tree, be it
ever so good, will not remain so long if
badly infested with scale. The greatest
number of live scales generally winter
over on the lower sides of the limbs;
consequently it is important that the
covering of the lower or under surfaces
of every limb is complete, for this pur¬
pose the elbow and nipple should be
used setting the nozzle at right angle
to the rod. Begin near the top of the
tree, gradually coming down, working
the rod constantly, as with a good spray
an instant is enough to cover the por¬
tion on which the spray is playing. Keep
the spray always directed upward, and
continue to work the rod downward
until you get it under the lowest limbs,
when the lower side of all the limbs
and twigs on the windward side of the
tree should be covered. In passing the
spray up through the tree in this man¬
ner much of the mixture drops back,
covering the top of that side of the tree
to quite an extent, so that by turning
the red over, which will make the stream
play down from above, again beginning
at the top, working through and around
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
the tree downward to the bottom, that
part of, or side of, tree should be com¬
pletely covered. However, one should
make frequent examination, and be sure
there are no skips. If we stop and think
that a scale is not larger than the head
of a pin, and that one of these will in¬
crease to one million in a favorable sea¬
son, we can realize how few are neces¬
sary for a bad reinfestation, and what
effort we should put forth to cover them
all. Notwithstanding the fact that lime
used as a marker detracts slightly from
the efficacy of the lime-sulphur wash,
yet I believe it desirable that those not
having considerable experience should
use it, enough to turn the trees white
when dry; then by passing over them
later they can be easily touched up where
skips have been made. These same
methods, followed later with the wind
from the opposite direction, will mean
a good job. There is little danger with
this application of getting on tec much,
yet for the sake of economy spraying
should stop as soon as tree is covered.
The combined fungicide and insecticide,
used primarily for apple scab and Cod¬
ling moths, is perhaps next in import¬
ance. If this is done at the proper time,
which is before petals are quite all off,
the blossoms or small apples will stand
mostly upright with calyx lobes * ex¬
tended. These are the things to be con¬
sidered, as by the time they are properly
treated the rest of the tree will have
enough. Because these do stand mostly
upward, the greater part of the applica¬
tion should be from above instead of
from below, as in the case of scale. Al¬
ways keep team to windward ; use el¬
bow and nipple as before, only always
keep the stream pointing downward ;
begin at bottom of tree, work the rod
well in through all parts of tree as
rapidly as possible, working gradually
toward the top, until all has been well
covered. The tree that is ideally sprayed
would probably have every drop on that
it would hold without dripping, yet the
only true index to a good application is
the number of blossoms that contain the
mixture on some part of the lobes, pis¬
tils, or in the cup. No matter how wet
the tree may be, if the two or three
central blossoms of most of the clusters
do not contain the mixture it is not a
good application, so it is important that
frequent examination of blossom clus¬
ters should be made that we may know
rathei than guess something about the
application. I am aware that one of the
best authorities in the country has re¬
cently said, through several publications,
that applying too much mixture to the
trees was probably the most prolific
cause of burning. No doubt this is so,
and yet I am positive we cannot reduce
the. amount of mixture without material¬
ly increasing the number of wormy ap¬
ples.
Do not waste much time trying to
spray leeward side of trees, rather get
oyer them again with wind in opposite
direction. This, of course, means where
quite a number of large trees are to be
treated. The contact sprays for aphis
and other sucking insects, to be effective,
must be applied pretty thoroughly to
the lower side of the foliage, and before
leaves curl; also the greater the pres¬
sure the better the result ; otherwise
work with the wind and from top to
bottom of tree as for scale.
Fungicide for Brown Rot. — Spraying
with a fungicide for brown rot in stone
fruit, whether used early in connection
with arsenate of lead, when the treat¬
ment is effective also for curculio, or
used before gathering for rot alone, has
for its object the protection of the entire
surface of fruit, so spray must be applied
plentifully and from all directions for
best results. In any spraying, handling
the rod and directing the spray always
to best advantage is an art, and is only
learned by practice, and my advice to
anyone who has or expects to have
spraying to do, is get hold of the rod
himself and learn all he can about it.
No man can direct others to do a thing
intelligently who does not know how to
do it himself. It is possible for almost
anyone i oho wants to learn, by following
directions, and putting them in prac¬
tice, to be able to do a pretty good job
in a comparatively short time. On the
other hand, few will ever know how by
simply reading the directions from a
book or paper, so do not wait until you
know all about it from this source. I
know one man who has been reading in¬
structions, attending meetings, etc., for
eight years, trying to learn all about it
before he started to spray, with the re¬
sult that he has no more confidence to¬
day that he had eight years ago, and in
the meantime has practically lost two
good orchards. Other men in the same
neighborhood who knew no more about
it than he did, but who studied and
acted both, are considered the most pro¬
gressive fruit growers in the place. It
surely looks as though there was a moral
here, and it is “Get busy.”
WM. HOTAIJNG.
315
BARTLETT PEAR ON KIEFFER.
H. F. <?., Hopkinton, Mass. — In issue of
October 22, 1910, 1 see E. S. Black an¬
swers about top-working Kieffer pear trees.
I would like to ask a few questions: Do
the scions fail to grow ? If they grow do
they form a good union? If they do, are
they good bearers? If so, what is the
quality of the fruit? I see George T.
Powell says the liuest Bartlett trees he
has are top-worked on Kieffers. Some of
our most prominent nurserymen are ad¬
vocating the use of Kieffer stock for Bose
and Winter Nelis.
A ns. — H. F. G. wishes to know if
grafts of European pears fail to grow
when inserted in Kieffer stocks, and if
they do grow, do they form a good
union, and if they are good bearers, and
what would be the quality of the fruit.
I repeat what I have said before in
answer to questions about using Kieffer
or any of the Oriental or hybrids as a
stock for the European varieties — do
not do it.. The graft of a Bartlett, for
instance, inserted in a Kieffer, will live
equally as well and for the first year
grow better than if it were inserted in
another vigorous European variety. The
union to all outward appearances would
be perfect, and no doubt the owner
would be delighted with the prospects
of the future orchard. After the first
year’s growth, let the grower examine
carefully the limbs of the Kieffer where
the Bartlett grafts look so promising,
and he will notice that the Kieffer limb
has not made any growth at all; that it
has stood still and allowed its European
guest apparently to occupy the whole
house, table, food and all. The Kieffer’s
bark has lost its lustre, the soft velvety
feeling to the touch, and seems to be
what the politicians would call “sulking
in its tent.” The second year the Bart¬
lett grafts will begin to show trouble;
they will make but little growth, and
they, too, will begin to show lack of
nourishment, and that its host has re¬
fused to support it. I have tried this
again and again. I have seen it tried
by others, and always with the same re¬
sults — absolute failure. The quantity
and quality of fruit grown on stunted,
dying trees can easily be imagined. I
have heard of one man who claimed to
have been successful in growing the
Seckel on Kieffer stock, but no other
variety. I would advise H. F. G. to
graft a few trees and learn by experience
what might be the result on his own
place; wait until the second year’s
growth has been completed before de¬
ciding. Miracles have and are yet be¬
ing performed, and one of them would
be, to me, an orchard of Bartletts doing
well on Oriental stocks. e. s. black.
THE USE OF
RED CROSS
LOW FREEZING DYNAMITE
For Blasting Subsoil and Hard Pan
IMPROVES ALL KINDS OF LANDS FOR ALL KINDS OF CROPS
J. H. Caldwell, of Spartanburg, South Carolina, increased his corn crop 33 per cent bv
blasting the ground with dynamite.
M. T. Williams, of Medicine. Lodge, Kansas, blasted nearly worthless land and made it worth
ten times as much as it was before.
The Hale-Georgia Orchard Co., Fort Valley, Georgia, blasted holes in which to plant young
trees with the result that these trees grew twice as quickly as any others.
J. B. Shaffer, Sedgwick Co., Kansas, blasted a row of holes across a forty-acre swamp and
raised 1,600 bushels of oats on the ground it had occupied.
G. W. Phelps, Riverside, Cal., blasted, between orange trees and greatly improved the fruit.
J
Write for Farmer s Handbook
E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS POWDER COMPANY
Established 1802 WILMINGTON* DEL., U. S. A.
316
Write for
FREE
Style Book
®;
Save $8
Suit or
Overcoat
Direct
from Mill
$10 to
$18
(Made-to-Order)
Worth
$18 to $30
B
You can wear clothes as stylish as can be
bought on Fifth Avenue. New York, and pay
for them at living prices, because we save you
the middleman’s profit. Our suits and coats
are of fine material, and are handsomely
tailored.
We pay express charge* East of Mississippi
and make allowances West of it.
Our book offers a wide variety of patterns
from which to choose. A post-card request
brings it to you.
GLEN ROCK WOOLEN CO.
Main Street Somerville, N. J.
®
Direct from Factory, Freight Prepaid
and Guaranteed by the Manufacturer
You can buy a Gold Coin Stove from us #5 to
less than dealer a
prices. We pay freight;
safe delivery insured,
polished and all ready
to set up.
“Satisfaction or your
money back any time
within 1 year”
is our written
guaranty,
free Catalog
— Illustrates
all our Moves.
Gives Price
List and tells our
Plan and Offer.
Send for it.
Gold Coin Stove Co.
3 Oak St. Troy, N. Y.
YOU JUST PULL AND LET GO
No knots to tie or untie. The Samson grip holds
the clothes line tight; no props required. A
moment’s work, ami so easy, for any woman to put
a line up tight, or take it down. Every home needs
them. .Send for sample set, 25 cents.
A Money Maker for Agents.
OI.IVER ELECTRIC CO.. Inc.,
204 Hale Bldg., Philadelphia. Pa.
Don’t Buy Nitrates
Fertilize With
FARMQGERM
High-Bred
Nitrogen-
Gathering
Bacteria
the
;i i
Why buy expensive
nitrate fertilizers when
you can save most of the
money and all of the time and
work of spreading, and get much
better results? Put the
bacteria in your soil that
will draw nitrogen from
the air and convert it into
all the nitrates the crop can'
use and store still more ini
soil for future crops of
any kind. Farmogerm
contains the right bac¬
teria in the right con¬
dition. That’s why it
will produce a bumper
crop of any legume,
Price, §2.00 an Acrb.
Garden Size, 50c.
Ready for use. Just
mix with water, mois-
llil!*.-' ' il ten seed or spray. Bac-
s'lilM teria guaranteed to be
iKiiLin right. Put up for use
with Alfalfa, Peas,
Beans, all garden and
field varieties, all the
Clovers, Vetch, Sweet
Peas and all legumes.
Gives better results than nitrate
lof soda at fraction of cost and labor.
LET US PROVE IT.
Write for FREE BOOK T which gives full par¬
ticulars. When you order a bottle, mention crop you
wish to try it on. Get our letters from users and our
reports from high authorities. All in this book.
Earp-Thomas Farmogerm Co. Bloomfield.
Fit Save You $50
On a Manure Spreader
r-If You'll Let Me
This is just a little ad— but a postal will bring my Big
Book — and give you my $50.00 Saving Price and Special
Proposition. Y ou can save as much answering this little ad¬
vertisement as if it coveted a page.
My Spreader positively will do better work and last longer
than any Spreader made — no mat- Frcloht
ter what the price— so why pay
more? 40,000 farmers havo rSMU
stamped tholr O. K. onf -
my spreader and money*
saving price. My Special
Proposition wiil interest you. *
Just a postal addressed to Gal¬
loway of Waterloo, Iowa, will*
bring you everything postpaid.
Will You Pay a Penny For
The Postal and Save $50.00?
Address Wm. Galloway, Pres.
WM. CALLOWAY CO.
669 Calloway Sta. Waterloo, la.
THEC RURAL
Transplanting Large Grapevines.
E. O. A., Woonsocket, R. I. — Can old
grapevines 30 to 40 years old be moved?
How low can the old stock be cut back?
I have some very nice old vines I would
like to move from the city to the country
if they will not get homesick and die.
Ans. — The proposition to move an old
grapevine is a novel one, as, new ones
grow rapidly and bear early. Of course,
the moving is only a matter of ex¬
pense, gr.eat care in taking up and
handling. But grape roots spread so
much more widely proportionately than
apples that it will be difficult to handle
them properly. I have never attempted
moving old vines. As to the cutting
back I think that will depend largely
on present shape. I doubt if a large
trunk would break out in proper shape,
but smaller branches would do so. A
heavy cutting back would more prob¬
ably result in a lot of new shoots at the
base or root. While I think the vines
would live, I doubt if the moving would
have any better results at the end of
five years than with some new strong
two-year vines properly trained.
Conn. Exp. Station. a. g. gulley.
NEW-YORKER
Care of Your Apple Trees.
II. M. S., Dover, N. II. — Having come in
possession of a large farm five years ago,
being an ideal spot for a large orchard, hav¬
ing 400 old trees starved and neglected, I
have set 12 acres to young trees in three
orchards with south, north and west cants,
soil gravelly loam, in parts some ledgy, set
in sod 40 feet part. At setting a good
coat of barn manure was spread on top of
ground and covered with hay. There has
been no fertilizer applied since. Trees
sot 1908 have made very small growth, 1909 !
did better, and 1910 still better. The three 1
years have been exceedingly dry. I cannot
cultivate these orchards, but want to use
fertilizer that will he best to force the j
growth and maturity of trees. While at- j
tending the New England apple show last ]
Fall I found many advocated for protection
from mice and borers to paint with pure j
white lead and best linseed oil, from below
surface to well into limns. Can you say
anything for or against it? What would
you recommend for spray for small trees?
Ans.— -Our experience is that trees
planted in this way often make but a
slow growth during the first year or
so. They usually recover and do better
when firmly established. In some cases
such soil is very sour, and this organic
matter, like manure, is slow to give up
its nitrogen. Lime scattered around the
trees would help this, but we should use
a pound to 24 ounces of nitrate of soda
to each young tree — scattered not less
than a foot away from the trunk. This
will start them going. Is it not possible
to plow narrow strips along the rows of
these trees? This would give a chance
to cultivate lightly and would help,
without plowing the entire orchard. We
are slow to advise painting trees as pro¬
tection from mice and borers. While
some report success others have killed
the trees. We dig borers out and pro¬
tect by mounding with earth or covering
with wood or paper. The spray to use
will depend on what troubles the tree —
whether scales, disease or leaf-eating in¬
sects. L.ime and sulphur comes the near¬
est to being a cure-all — with arsenic
added for the leaf-eaters.
Part of Trinidad Asphalt Lake
The costliest roofings
are the roofings that
don’t last.
The roofing that does
last is made of Trinidad
Lake Asphalt —
Genasco
the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing
Other roofings all have their
drawbacks: Shingles crack,
split, and rot; tin rusts; slate
breaks and blows loose; coal-
tar gets brittle and cracks; so
do the many socalled “asphalt”
roofings, because they lack
the “live” lasting qualities of
natural asphalt.
Genasco has the natural oils of
Trinidad Lake asphalt sealed in it;
and they keep the roofing- always
pliable and strong- and defensive
ag-ainst all weathers. Genasco
doesn’t crack, rot, rust, or break.
It is permanently waterproof. That
means real economy.
It pays to cover the roof of
every building- on the farm with
Genasco. Fully guaranteed.
The Kant-leak Kleet prevents nail-
leaks, and waterproofs the roofing-seams
without cement. Makes Genasco easier
to apply than ever.
Ask your dealer for Genasco mineral or
smooth surface Roofings with Kant-leak Kleets
packed in the roll. Write us for the Good Roof
— Guide Book and samples.
The Barber Asphalt
Paving Company
Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing In tho world
Philadelphia
San Francisco Chicago
Cross-sectionGenascoSmooth-surfaceRoofing
!!■ mm I Trinidad Lake Asphalt
A cnhalt-saturated Wool Felt
— - i Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Farmers’ Week at Cornell.
About 2000 people, largely farmers and
their families, attended this annual con¬
vention, which closed February 25. Some
of the subjects discussed were : Drainage,
plant breeding, poultry, dairying, vegetable
growing, education, social life in the coun¬
try, etc. There were 295 lectures given
during "the. week, thoroughly covering all
fields of agriculture, and in addition the
various exhibits of the agricultural col¬
lege work were staged for inspection.
One of the features of this year’s meet¬
ing was the organization of a New York
State “Country Bond,” the idea being to
encourage co-operation among farmers in
working out their business and social prob¬
lems. It is planned to have local societies
which will meet frequently, and an annual
meeting for the whole State, when the
year’s work can be discussed and plans
made for the future.
Our stormy month has nearly closed ; it
has been an old-fashioned month full of
wind and snow flurries. Not much ice se¬
cured as yet from the lake, as it breaks up
just as it gets good. Coarse fodder is being
consumed in good shape. Corn seems to
be damp, not shelling well ; farmers thought
it ripe when cut, but the season was none
too long for dent corn. There is much
feeling among farmers in regard to the
reciprocity ti’eaty. Hopewell Grange 472 sent
a bill of resolutions to our Senator, re¬
questing him to vote against the bill. We
are paying a high price for clover seed and
receiving a low price for wheat, potatoes
and cabbage. Wheat, 80 cents per bushel ;
oats, 35 cents ; corn, dull at 55 cents ; po¬
tatoes, 30 cents; live pork, 7% cents per
pound ; cabbage. .$5 per ton ; carrots, .$12
per ton ; eggs, 22 cents per dozen ; butter,
25 cents per pound. Wo had a good farm¬
ers’ institute at Shortsville last week.
Canandaigua, N. Y. B. t. b.
New York
FRUITS AND
FIELD CROPS
and do whitewashing in most effectual, economical,
rapid way. Batiafaotion guaranteed. BROWN’S
March 11,
1911 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS
IO Years of Success
FRIEND FRUIT GROWER: Uncle Sam says
you must spray. Users of the Deyo are relieved
from experimenting. After ten years of service the
Deyo is still giving perfect satisfaction. Our cus-
tomers are our reference, ask the user. We sell
direct to you. Deyo pays all freights to Missis¬
sippi River shipping points. Write for catalogue 19.
DEVO-MACEY ENGINE CO., Binghamton, N.Y.
Spraying
Guide Free
“KANT-KLOG”
SPRAYERS
Something New
Gets twice the results—
with same laborand fluid.
Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays
from same nozzle. Ten styles. For
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing,
etc. Agents Wanted, Booklet Free.
Rochester Spray Pump Co.
Write For Special Low
Price Ora This Compiete
Spraying
Outfit
Barrel, pump, extension pipe,
nozzle agitator, hose, everything
complete and of the best. Just
fill barrel and go to work. Fit¬
tings of brass, hemp packing.
Sprays hot, cold or any caustic
solution perfectly. Equal to larg¬
est operations in orchard or field.
Develops greatest power with least
labor. Pump sits inside barrel,
keeping it steady. Others arc
top-heavy and tip over. Write
for catalog describing this and our
complete line of spraying tools
and insecticides.
ROSS BROS. CO., 13 Front St., Worcester, Mass:
SPRA
Use a pump that lasts
and drives the spray
mixture home,
lames All-Brass Perfection
Bucket Spray Pump
is the best made for efficient work.
JUdc of seamless brass, n o
threads. Easily taken apart. 1’rico, (Including
S-ft. rubber hose and 2 nozzles) Only $3.00.
Barnes Double Acting Barrel Pump
All brass working part. In contact with liquid. ThrowB liquid
with immense force; ono stroke of handle sustains flpray 2 minutes
t,n l ever. A marvel amorg high grade snrayers. Completo with
{j-ft. hose and Vermorcl nozzle, $9.00. With*
Vcrmorel nozzle, $10.00.
\V o make over 300 styles and sizes of pumps
catalog.
BARNES MFG. CO., Dept.22, Mansfield, Otio
With two loads hoso and
Write for FREE
>Spray with
for
the Comet
Surest Results
SPRAY
and do whitewashini
rapid way. Batisfa
POWERR Auto-Sprays
No. 1 , shown here, is fitted with Auto-Pop Nozzle-
does work of 3 ordinary sprayers. Endorsed uy Ex-
' porirnent Stations and 300,000 others. 40 styles and
) sizes of hand and power sprayers— also prices
id valuable spraying guide in our Frco Book.
Writ© postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
2 s Joy St., Rochester, N. Y.
TRAPPERS AND HUNTERS.
Fure are high. A fact which you are all probably ac¬
quainted with. But the question is, Are you getting
highest market '-slue for yours ? Remember we do not
charge any commission; pay all express charges; will
hold your goods separate for approval of our valuation,
when requested, and if not satisfactory will return and
pay all cmarges. Don't you think we are entitled to a
trial shipment on the strength of the foregoing? For
further information write for our free price list and
Trappers' Guide. Make us a trial shipment today.
Abrahams Fur & Wool Co., Fur Merchants, Seymour, Wis.
Price
§3.50
$L50
|j|. Agents
Comet Sprayers are Easiest to Operate
* Simplest in construction — foot Rest is at¬
tached or detached instantly— H ave complete
Agitator and Brass Screen which prevent
clogging of pump. This doubleacting spray throws
a continuous stream 50 feet or spray fine as a mist.
The fruit saved from a choice tree will more than
pay for it. You need it for your orchard, vines,
lawns and plants. Very durable— all brass. Weighs
only 5 pounds. Thousands of fruit growers and
farmers have proved it a success. Just try it for
applying liquid poisons, fertiliizers, etc. The re¬
sults will surprise you. Best propositlonforagents.
Send us a postal for full information about this
superior sprayer nmo. Get after the tree and plant
pests early aiid make more money.
H. B. RUSLER MFG. CO,
Dept. 6 JOHNSTOWN. OHIO
THtUewy/a'/ “SUCCESS ”
Twin Cylinder Power Sprayer
Light High Detachable
Weight Pressure Engine
SAVE YOUR FRUIT — IT PAYS
Write for “Success” catalog No. 5.
M'Heytf-War/HmR Company'
LjUfSinsTHiCHieAte. U.S.A.
140 SHERIDAN STREET
“ORCHARD DIVIDENDS Apples from trees sprayed with
“SCALECIDE”
some as many as nine consecutive times, took all the first Prizes ^t t New^Jersey
Horticultural Society Meeting; all the first prizes this year and last at tne
Horticultural Society Meeting ; a long list of svveen^akes and first prizes at
England Fruit Show in Boston ; also first prize at the Ohio State i? air.
Write for full information and Booklets, “ Orchard Dividends t” and
» Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading, and Racking Apples.' Eoth tree.
B. G. PRATT CO., Manufacturing Chemists, 50 Church St., New York*
1911.
NUT GROWING IN THE NORTH.
Part I.
From the earliest times nuts have
been known as a source of human food.
The aborigines of this and other coun¬
tries have always used them because
they were one of the natural products
of the soil, .are rich in oil and other
elements of food, are wholesome, nour¬
ishing and pleasing to the taste. The
cocoanut and other nuts that are borne
by various tropical palm trees enter
largely into the commerce and food sup¬
ply of the world. The temperate zones
also furnish many species of nuts, and
North America is by no means behind
in this respect. But until within recent
years there has been little done in that
way of cultivating any of the native or
foreign species, except in California,
where the almond and European wal¬
nut have been extensively planted for
many years past. Now the Eastern
States are awakening on this subject,
and both north and south.
The Pecan. — For many years past the
pecan has been attracting great atten¬
tion, and it is the best nut in all the
world, but it is adapted almost entirely
to the Southern States. That is its
principal native home, although there
are wild pecan trees as far north as
southern Iowa. Some of the most gi¬
gantic pecan trees that exist are in the
Wabash and Ohio River bottoms in
southern Indiana. But the nuts of
nearly all the northern pecan trees are
small, when compared with the choice
varieties of the Gulf States, and their
shells are usually thick and the kernels
mixed with bitter material. However,
there are a few varieties of the northern
type that have thin shells and rich,
plump meats that come out clean and
easily. These are being brought to light
slowly, and in time we hope to have a
list of named varieties worthy of being
planted. By growing seedlings from
the best of the wild varieties others of
excellence may be produced, and more
reasonably so if crossing with the large
southern varieties is practiced. This
will surely be done by some one soon.
For the present I know of but four
varieties that have been named and their
propagation begun that are likely to
prove valuable in the north. Two of
them are from Virginia, the Mantura
and Appomattox, and these are, prob¬
ably, not so hardy as the other two be¬
cause they are of the more tender south¬
ern type. Indiana is from the southern
part of the State from which it gets its
name, and is quite hardy. The other
variety is the Starkdale, and originated
in Missouri. Trees of these two kinds
are not ready for sale as yet. To plant
seedlings is too uncertain of good re¬
sults to justify the trouble. This has
been tried many times with the south¬
ern pecans and with great disappoint¬
ment in almost every case.
The Shellbark Hickories. — Al¬
though the pecan is the most important
and best species of the hickory genus
some of the others are almost equal to
it. The best one of these is known as
the Little shellbark. It grows naturally
from the New England States to Min¬
nesota and Missouri, but is most abun¬
dant from Pennsylvania to Illinois. In
the forest the tree grows large and tall,
witii a slender trunk and long shaggy
bark, but in the open it makes a full,
round head above a low, stout trunk.
All of the hickories make beautiful
shade trees, with their luxuriant foliage
and spreading tops,. There are great
differences in the size, shape, thickness
of shell and flavor of the nuts of the
species we are now considering and in
the bearing of the trees as well. Al¬
most any country boy knows this full
well, and just where to go to get the
best nuts and the most of them in the
frosty days of Autumn. So far there
has been almost nothing done towards
marking, naming and propagating from
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
317
the choice varieties that are scattered
about the country. Some of them are
so valuable for their nuts that it is
highly important that they should be
saved and distributed over the country
as grafted trees or their scions or buds
set into others that may thus be made
to yield far more valuable returns. A
little has been done in this direction,
and we have a few named varieties of
very fine character of tree and nut.
These few are as much superior to the
ordinary run of the wild varieties as
our best apples are better than the
fence-corner seedlings. Dr. Robert T.
Morris, one of the greatest surgeons of
New York City, has devoted a large
part of his time, thought and money,
outside of his profession, for some years
past, to the collecting and culture of
the choice hickorynuts, along with other
hardy species of nuts, and we may look
for something very useful to come from
this work. Before Dr. Morris began
investigating this subject there were
several good varieties of the Little
shellbark hickory known, among which
are the Hales and Weiker. A very few
grafted trees of each of these varieties
have been grown, but owing to the ex¬
treme difficulty in getting the grafts or
buds to take on the stocks their propa¬
gation by nurserymen is not now carried
on, so far as I know, nor do I know
of any other choice variety of hickory-
nut being so propagated. However,
their great value and the demand for
the trees will lead to their production
and sale; and as greater skill in the
art of budding and grafting nut trees
is acquired it is probable that their cost
will be reduced.
There are many waste patches, cor¬
ners or little fields on some farms that
might be planted to the choice hickories.
Even if the land is rough and cannot
be easily cultivated, the trees will grow
on it very well, provided it is rich
enough and the trees are deeply mulched
with old trash to keep down other
growth until they are well established.
As roadside or avenue trees there' are
few trees more fitting than the hickory.
Added to their beautiful foliage and
comfortable shade in Summertime, is
the wealth of nuts in the Fall. Let the
hickories be planted.
H. E. VAN DEMAN.
<£ fl INI Ig
“•‘.BUYING AHORSE AND-
SMITH NEEDED A HORSE. HE KNEW LITTLE
ABOUT HORSES, SO BOUGHT ONE OF A ••GYP’•
FOR $75.00. HIS "CHEAP" HORSE WENT
TO THE BAD, COST HIM BIG DOCTOR
BILLS AND GAVE NO SERVICE. OF
COURSE SMITH WAS SORE. HE
SOLD HIS "BARGAIN” HORSE
AT A LOSS, WENT TO A
REPUTABLE DEALER^
PAID $200.00 FOR A
GOOD HORSE AND
GOT SATIS¬
FACTION.
Q
* r t ' • *
OS
BUYING
'AN ENGINE:-
YOU NEroANCNGINC.flNO i
THE PROBABILITIES ARE THAtJ
' YOU KNOW VERY LITTLE MORE
ABOUT ANENGINE THAN SMITH KNEW J
ASOUTAHORSE.IFYOUARE WISE Y<3U WILL
NOT MAKE THE SAME MISTAKE THAT SMITH CUD, ]
BUT WILLGO TO THE REPUTABLE MANUFACTURER
First, pay afair price for your engine, andget
ONE THAT WILL WORK. WE HAVE BEEN MAKING
ENGINES FOR THIRTY-FIVE. YEARS. WE HAVE ENGINES
IN USE TO-OAY THAT HAVE qEEN IN RUNNING CONTINUOUS- i
LY FOR THIRTY YEAR5. WE CAN SATISFY. YOU AND SAVE „
YOU MONEY INTHE END. OUR CATALOGUE TELLS YOU /
THE REST OF THE STORY.
DO NOT BUYA CHEAP HORSE.”
THE OTTOGASENCINEWORKS.J-
3304 Walnut Street*
Phi la. Pa.
2LLL
NGINE
IS
WE PAY
the
FREIGHT
gasoline, distillate, any fuel oil, perfectly — without change^
Cheapest, Safest, Simplest
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price of one. Catalog free— tells how .
Double duty tank revolutionizes cooling
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Ball bearing governor. Starts in¬
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essary. Women can oper-
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low. Comes complete.
Always hungry for
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FREE TRIAL
No obligation till satis*
fied. 10-year guarantee.
*• Engine Facts' free
write for it NOW.
Ellis Engine Co.,
51 Mulled SI.. DETROIT. MICH.
SAVE HALF Your
Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT — proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.”
Made in all colors, — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE,
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
avu u truuoie ana expense caused by paint
D'l 1 ti? toJ? a k ‘/l? 1U P,col\nF V-'UuHble informatici
t* »™ r Wlth SamP*<' Oolor Cards. Write me. D<
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0. W. Ingersoll, 246 Plymouth St.. Brooklyn, N. Y.
CHARTER
SATISFIED THE
IS 0. K. we expect to serve
you; if not, let us satisfy
you by Proof.
Stationaries, Portables, Etc.
Want our Catalog?
State your power needs.
CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO.,
Box 26, Sterling, III., U. S. A.
The one solid foundation of business success is Square Dealing, Service
Efficiency, Quality, Price and Durability,
The success achieved by the Water=
loo Boy Gasoline Engine and
Buttercup Cream Separator is
built upon this solid foundation.
The Waterloo Boy has been on
the market for 18 years — during that
time the engine has never failed to make
good. For 18 years we have kept
every promise ever made to the public.
We have never failed to live up to our
advertising and to sustain our guarantee.
The record of the Waterloo Boy is
a record of satisfaction because it is a record of
Square Dealing.
The Waterloo Bov
. ... ... */
is the simplest gasoline engine built. A boy
can run it as well as a man. One of the special
features of the Waterloo Boy is the Speed
Lever, which works like the throttle of a locomotive.
You can vary the speed while the engine is running
from 50 to 75 revolutions per minute.
Our patented Mixer does away with the pump and _
secures economy in the use of fuel. The old reliable Fly Ball Governor
is sensitive and keeps the speed steady.
Our improved Igniter is as simple as a pair of scissors— it never misses.
Your local dealer is our representative to help you if you need help and
to see that you get satisfaction, and this without extra charge. Waterloo
Boy engines will cost you no more than Mail Order Engines and you have this service thrown in.
. y.** s£haiI we s.ay of,th<: Pnce? , Simply this— we name the underselling price. How can we do this? Because of the
simplicity of our engine, the large volume of our business and our well equipped factory. The fact that we specialize on engines
The Buttercup Cream Separator
MAKING
: any cream separator has done
SYr iTu" T’' r-' b°“" h ”d '*■>" Th. m.dtto. tuns „„ i, g0.d
‘,°,y £?Si“ S." U,,erCUP C”am 5""""r *» "-I* “ on ton.,.
We make them in enormous quantities, sell them at a low price
man who buys the advantage of our bed rock prices.
For all around
Wp tf.rar.niPB u° b‘S>! prlced cxPerts' no traveling salesmen, no expensive offices. We give the
We guarantee these machines tor 5 years. If you are interested in cither one or both write us for catalogs.
Waterloo Gasoline Engine Co., I84 W. 3rd Ave., Waterloo, Iowa.
318
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 11,
LIGHTING FARM HOUSES.
D. D., Washington Mills, N. Y.— Can your
readers give me some idea of how to get a
good, economical, pleasant light? The oil
seems to get worse and worse. I have a
hollow wire gasoline outfit, hut there are
objections to that. I don’t know anything
about acetylene gas, only that it gives a
fine light. Any information on the lighting
question would be appreciated.
Ans. — Bulletin 103 of the Pennsyl¬
vania Station gives the results of ex¬
periments with various devices for light¬
ing country houses. The seven forms
of lamps described below were used in
these tests :
1. A common kerosene lamp with fiat
wick, 1 1-2 inches wide, circular chimney, 8
1-2 inches high, various diameters, “pearl
top,”
My “Pearl Glass’’
■ They remain so
throughout long
dull when you buy
- them. They get
R*g. U. 8. Pat. OS'. • . • * 1
mistier in use and
break at the first chance.
Macbeth “Pearl Glass” lamp-
chimneys are tough. They are
made to last.
My name is on every one. I make a lamp-
chimney f&r every burner and my Index tells
which one to get. Send for it.
Macbeth
Macbeth-Evans Glass Co. Pittsburgh
Chicago: Philadelphia-.
178 East Lake Street 42 South Eighth Street
New York: 19 West 30th Street
MARK
Don’t Let It Strike Your Home
You may have protection — positive, asssured, guaranteed. The
cost is small. The investment is made just once, while the protection
continues year after year. Look into
kerosene lamp, Rochester, with
Argand burner, 1 1-2 inches diameter wick,
chimney nine inches high.
3. A kerosene lamp, Saxonia, with
Argand burner, 7-8 inch diameter wick,
and mantle, Cylindrical chimney 1%
inches diameter and 12 inches high.
4. A gasoline lamp. Best, underneath
generator pattern, with a fuel head
(average) about 10 Inches above the aper¬
ture of burner, mantle lour ifiches high,
with 3 3-4 inches exposed to flame, cylin¬
drical chimney 1 7-8 inches diameter and
eight niches high.
5. An acetylene lamp, Beck-Iden, car¬
bide to water feed, 1-2 foot Schwarz burner.
6. An alcohol lamp, Pyro, Argand
burner, tliree-lnch mantle, with 2 3-4 inches
exposed to flame and supported on a me¬
tallic center-post, cylindrical chimney 1 7-8
inches diameter and nine inches high.
7. A kerosene lamp, Canchester, with
Argand burner, 7-8 inch diameter wick
surmounted by a carbon cylinder and
mantle, cylindrical chimney 13 1-2 inches
high.
In calculating cost per candle power
hour the following prices were used:
Kerosene, 11 cents per gallon; gasoline,
15 cents; alcohol, 75 cents; calcium car-
hide 5.9 cents per pound. On this
basis the Canchester kerosene burner
(No. 7 in above list) cost the least for
quantity of light given, .0034 cent per
candle power hour. Kerosene Argand
(No. 3) and gasoline (No. 4) were next
in cost, .008 cent ; and the others in or¬
der of expense for burning material
were: No. 1, .017 cent; No. 2, .023; No.
5, .043, and No. 6, .086 cent. In quality
the acetylene (lame had less red rays
than the others and proved to be much
nearer daylight, the light to which the
human eye has been adapted for cen¬
turies, and by which it works easiest
and longest with least injury. The
lamps using a mantle were next nearest
daylight, and those burning kerosene
were poorest according to this standard.
Two objectionable features of artificial'
light are production of heat and rob¬
bing the air of oxygen, leaving an excess
of carbon dioxide. In these respects
the Canchester kerosene burner (No. 7)
stoo*l best, the acetylene next, and the
common kerosene burner worst.
The conclusions from these experi¬
ments seem to he that acetylene when
properly installed and handled makes
an excellent light for the country home.
Where the owner cannot go to the ex¬
pense of an acetylene outfit, the Can¬
chester kerosene burner with mantle
may well be adopted. This is far su¬
perior to the common kerosene lamp
without mantle both in cheapness of
operation and quality of light.
The DODD SYSTEM
of Lightning Control ^
It is for you and everyone who places the safety of hi9 M a
home and family above a few paltry dollars. |
Its effectiveness has been demonstrated thousands of p %«•
times. The loss from lightning runs into millions of Wgj^r J5Br
dollars every year. Three out of every four of all the fires
in the country are caused by it. \ et not a single
building of all the many thousands that have D.-S.
Lightning Rods upon them has ever been destroyed or o™einam”f *"
even damaged by lightning. Lightning Conductor I
Over 2000 Fire Insurance Companies have, by special
resolution, unequivocally endorsed Prof. Dodd and bis
N System. They grant 20 per cent, or more reduction in rates
m on buildings protected with D.-S. Lightning Rods.
SL No such wonderful endorsement was ever given to any other light-
jl|S\ ning rod concern in the world. .
\\fDn The Dodd Systern includes right installation. Every detail is lookec
\Wj/ after. Every building is a separate problem. Our agents arethoroughlj
schooled and trained. They operate under special license
Because the “ACME” narrow
gives results. It is used for
preparing the soil for all grains
nn,! alfalfa. It is particularly suc-
cessful because the sharp, sloping
War knives cut through to the undersoil,
Hr cutting and slicing trash that has been
turned under by the plow and leaving it
Hr buried to fertilize the growing crops. It
V can be used on all kinds of land, whether the
■ Boil be heavy or light, preparing a perfect
r 6eed bed.
A /^| iff"! Pulverizing Har-
ACME cr
cuts, crushes, turns, levels and smoothes in
one operation, and is theonly implement neces¬
sary to be used after the plow in completely fit¬
ting your soil for the seed. There are no lumps
or air spaces between the furrows. The under
family tins year, start tnis aay py writing iui Wesl Dodd
our great lightning rod book, with the laws of Originator of the Dodd
lightning, vivid pictures of lightning, explanations, System
guarantee, agreement to make good damages, etc. , FREE. Address
Dodd & Struthers, 437 6th Ave., Des Moines, Iowa
HARROWS AND CULTIVATES
I_ * tj With Clark’s Original “Cutaway” Double Action Harrow and Cultivator you
T UfrCVIOTfiH Ij can do more different kinds of work . m A THP
mlLnMVfc fl with less effort than any other, it IOO # n-iniNAL
/jiO7 ■ I is the only Disk Cultivator that CROPS “cutaway”
I TTTrrrTnAT'TAU' v completely embodies the double ac- vnuro _ cutaway.
Ill I ill IVcillUn S tion principle. It will do the work , : TJ j tx
VULU.Afw.AJV.U | 0f several other disk machines that
v would cost you several times as Mwr Aw»~iiawjMLVi i
I much ; do it more thoroughly ,^bc- i avi'.V.Y
V’N'h Will tensive Cultivation.” It’s tree. V
CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY 839 Main Street, Higganum, Conn.
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its iists men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them are without
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of them speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
stating what you will pay, whether the work is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. & I. A. S.. 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
ALL GOODS GUARANTEED .
■ Lf COOPERAGE
26 S. Liberty, Baltimore, Md.
MANUFACTURERS
Tanks, Towers, Silos, Windmills, Pumps
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Write us your wants to-day Quick Shipments
20 ft. Steel Tower, com¬
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Complete without
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100 Gallon Cypress Tank
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GET OUR CIRCULAR. THIS AD. WILL NOT APPEAR AGAIN
Here Is The Harrow
To Use On Your Farm
•4 double action cutaway HARROW k
1911.
310
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
Poorly Covered with a Bluff.
If insanity is egotism gone to seed,
as some people claim, E. G. Lewis
ought to be classed as a raving maniac.
He thinks himself too big and too im¬
portant to have his get-rich-quick
schemes investigated by grand juries.
He probably thinks their activities ought
to be limited to chicken thieves and
safe breakers. Denouncing the Assist¬
ant District Attorney, who had charge
of the investigation some years ago
which resulted in the issue of “fraud
orders" against him, Lewis says :
Too cowardly to again attack us openly,
according to the publisher of The Rural
New Yorker, he has used him and his
paper as an assassin’s means of revenge.
We ask only to openly face this man and
those behind him before Congress. We
know that the terrible machinery of a great
government is in his hands to drive us to
ruin and, if possible, even to railroad me
to the penitentiary.
Why does Goodwin and his department
fear and so desperately light against our
having an open hearing before Congress?
He and those with him do not dare to ask
for such an investiagtion.
We wondered long why the publisher of
this Rural New-Yorker was permitted to
violate every Atal law with impunity' and
mail tens of fcv<ftands of marked copies of
his lying attacks to people who have never
subscribed for his paper, not even marking
them samples, until one day there fell into
our hands one of his letters boasting that
Goodwin and his associates, whom we were
suing for conspiracy and libel in the for¬
mer assault on us, were “back of him.”
Of course, the intimation in refer¬
ence to The R. N.-Y. and the claim
that any such letter fell into his hands
is just straight common lying, but,
probably, not quite as despicable a
brand as that used by Lewis for the
last 10 years to allure money from
poor country people. The publisher of
The R. N.-Y. does not know Judge
Goodwin, never saw him, never spoke a
word to him, and never conferred with
him in any way directly or indirectly in
reference to this investigation of the
Lewis schemes. Nor have we in any
way directly or indirectly mentioned
Judge Goodwin’s name in connection
with it. We make this statement only
to show what a reckless and irrespon¬
sible character this man Lewis really is.
His anticipation of railroad travel is
probably suggested by his personal
knowledge of what a thorough investi¬
gation of his schemes would reveal.
We commend Lewis for egotism and
impudence. Quiet orderly processes of
law do not suit him. He wants some¬
thing more spectacular. He does not
like indictments by grand juries. They
are too commonplace. Indictments
sometimes — not always — result in rail-,
roading to the penitentiary. That’s all
good enough for a chicken thief or an
ordinary petty swindler, but the schemer
who has his privilege of alluring money
from poor country people interfered
with by Federal officials, must be spared
from such an ordinary and humiliating
procedure. Surely the President and
Congress should devote a week to the
intricacies of the “Interim Receipt.” To
be sure they would not get far into the
Lewis schemes in a week; but surely far
enough to discover such a labyrinth of
fakes as they never dreamed of before.
For our part we here and now petition
President Taft and Congress to inves¬
tigate the Lewis get-rich-quick fakes.
We would rather have them doing that
than voting on a law to increase the
cost of postage. And when they get
through perhaps they will pass a law to
indemnify all thieves for losses sus¬
tained through restraining processes of
the law. Why should a house breaker
or a pickpocket be deprived of his‘
means of making a living in his own
way? If such an outrage is perpetrated
by officious district attorneys,' why
shouldn’t the President and Congress
recompense the outraged culpric for his
losses, both real and prospective0 As a
further inducement, it might be made
a condition that he promise to restore
some of the plunder — he could make an
excuse afterward to keep it all.
What a feeling of security and com¬
fort it would be to all crooks to have
grand juries abolished and district at¬
torneys discharged ! Promoters who go
meekly to jail, are back numbers. Ellis
and Graves were clumsy novices. There
are ways of robbing people without be¬
ing caught with the goods on them, as
the saying is. Anyway, the modern way
is to raise a howl against everyone who
tries to enforce the law. Lie about
them, call them tyrants and conspirators
and blackmailers, amd assassins ! It
can’t dc any harm; and it may scare
them off. Don't pickpockets call “stop
thief,” and incendiaries cry “fire”? The
deception isn’t new, to be sure, but
what difference if it works? These at-
attempts to shirk responsibility may be
amusing to people only indirectly inter¬
ested ; but to the Lewis victims it must
be read with a feeling akin to disgust
and contempt.
A WISCONSIN GARDEN.
Our garden contains four acres ; half
of it is planted in fruit trees and berries.
On the rest we grow all kinds of vege¬
tables, selling them in the city of Wau¬
kesha. We sell at wholesale, and the
stores take all we raise. The freeze on
April 23 last knocked us out on the
fruit line, but our vegetables were good,
some very good. Here is a list of what
we raised, also the amount of cash re¬
ceived for each: Asparagus, $10.50; cab¬
bage, 65; carrots, $40; beets ,$35; cauli¬
flower, $85.60 ; celery, $29.50 ; cucumbers
$31.60; endive, $11.50; sweet corn
$14.60 ; egg plant, $8 ; onions, $108.20
lettuce, $104.50; peas, $26; parsnips
$9.50; rhubarb, $47.75; spinach, $37.55
peppers, $49.20 ; tomatoes, $170.50 ; prizes
at State fairs, $104. Our best and most
profitable crop was tomatoes. The re¬
turns from 300 plants on 30 square rods
of ground were $170.50 cash. We
started the seed on March 10 in green¬
house, using flat boxes about 18 inches
square with about three inches of good
soil, sowing the seed not too thick half
an inch deep. April 15 transplanted in
other boxes, setting plants about three
inches each way. Again on first of
May plants were set in a cold frame,
givng each plant about a foot of room.
1 kept them growing slowly by giving
plenty of air, and finally by taking off
the glass entirely. By the last of May
they were hardy and strong and we
transplanted them in open ground. We
used one-half pound of potato fertilizer
in each hill. The plants never wilted,
and on July 4 we had the first ripe to¬
matoes. A week later we had enough
to take to market and received five cents
per pound for them. We sold $85 worth
at this price, when they dropped to 75
cents per bushel, but soon advanced
again to $2 per bushel. The last lot we
sold on November 15. The variety is
Burpee’s Earliest Pink. John grape.
Wisconsin.
»AvE MONEY, TIME AND LABOR
Before Building, Write for Free Booklet and Samples of
§
1
OISHOPRIC WALL BOARD is cheaper and
better than Lath and Plaster; anplied winter or
Summer. YOU can easily nail it to studding. Ap¬
plied dry it is at once ready for paint, paDer or burlap,
is clean and sanitary; guaranteed proof against
dampness, heat, cold, sound and vermin.
CONSTRUCTION
Made of kiln-dried dressed
lath, imbedded in hot Asphalt
Mastic, an d surfaced with sized
cardboardjis cut atthe factory
into uniform sheets, 4x4 ft. so.
and three-eighths of an inch
thick. These sheets (delivered
in crates) are easilyandq aick-
lynailedtostudding. Usedfor
dwellings, pleasure, health re¬
sort and tactory buildings, new
partitionsinold buildings, fin-
a »- „ _ , ishing attics, cellars, porches.
Applying Wall Board laundries, garages.
Price $2.50 per 100 sq. ft. or $6.40 per crate of 256 sq. ft
f. 9. b. factories, New Orleans, Cincinnati, or Alma, Micb.
Makes smooth, solid job. Does away with building
paper. Proof againstheat.cold, dampness. Used with
excellent result3as cheapest and best lining for dairy
barns, poultry houses, stable* and other buildings.
Price $2.35 per square of 100 sq. ft. or $6 per crate of 256
sq. ft. f. o. b. New Orleans, Cincinnati, or Ainu, Micb.
Writefor Booklet and Free samples of Wall Board, Sheathing and Roofing
The Mastic Wall Board & Roofing Mfg. Co. 43 E. Third St. Cincinnati, O.
DISHOPRIC SHEATHING saves 75 per cent in
materia land labor. Same as Wall Board, but card-
board surface of Sheathing is not recommended
tor decorative purpose; therefore costs less. Quick¬
ly nailed to studs with laths and asphalt exposed.
Shows weatherboards over Sheathing, 1
side exposed; also
Bishopric Roofing
over Sheathing,: '
smooth side
exposed
"H55E* 1FJE" 44 Bushels to the Acre
and you hold the moisture
in tlie ground. Cultivate
shallow or deep as the crop
needs it and you release the
forgotten or unknown soil
properties which arc needed
to make the crop grow prop¬
erly. We have been nmUin
farm tools for 75 years nn_
think we have ns good a line
of Kiding Cultivators as you f
need to choose from.
\1R0HA£E
SIDIHG CULTIVATORS
ore long lived machines — adjustable for rows 28 to 50
inches, while in motion— teeth adjustable for depth and
angle— pivot or fixed wheel, one row or two — high or low
— 1 wheels— work well on hillsides— farm close
tand true. A complete lino. Our Anniver¬
sary Catalog will .show you— also, potnto
machinery, garden wheel hoes and drills,
etc. Address
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
Box; 1027 GRENLOCH.N.J.
VIRGINIA FARMS
offer best opportunity for land buyers and the best
place to live. Mild winters, cheap land, sunshine.
Grow all crops. Produce best flavored apples.
Cattle, hog raising, dairying and poultry raising
profitable. Near 40 million consumers. Get top
prices. For information write
G. W. KOINE!!, Commissioner of floriculture, Richmond, Va.
I9 a heavy yield, but that’s what John Kennedy of
— Edmonton, Alberta. Western Ounada, got from
ucres of Spring Wheat in 1910. Reports
— from other districts in that
province showed other excel-
lent results— such as 4,000 bush¬
els of wheat from 120 acres, or
33X bushels per aero. 25. 30 and
40 bushel yields were numerous.
As high as 132 bushels of oats to
the acre were threshed from
Alberta fields.
THE SILVER CUP
at the recent Spokane Fair was
awarded to tho Alberta Government
for its exhibit of grnins, grasses and vege¬
tables, Reports of excellent yields for 1910
como also from Saskatchewan and Manitoba
in Western Canada.
Free Homesteads of 160 acres,
and adjoiniiifi: pre-emptions of 160
acres (at. $3 per acre), are to be bad
in t£e choicest districts.
Schools convenient, climate ex¬
cellent, soil of tho very best, rail-
wayscloseathand, building-lumber
c2?aP* fuel easy to gret and reason¬
able in price, water easily procured,
mixed farming: a success.
Writ© aa h> best place for settlement, set¬
tlers* low railway ratos, pamphlet “Last Best
V/cst**and other information, to Supt. of Im-
mig., Ottawa, Can., or to Can. Gov’t Agt. (54)
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
]\TEW YORK STATE FARMS, all sizes and in
^ noavly all parts of the State. Illustrated
catalog free to parties intending to buy.
NORTH HUN KKAI/rv CO,, Syracnse, N. Y.
Caruso
the greatest
of all tenors
McCormack
the greatest
Irish tenor
Martin
the greatest
American tenor
Dalmores
the greatest
French tenor
Melba
the greatest
English soprano
Tetrazzini
the greatest
Italian soprano
Eames
Farrar
the greatest
American sopranos
Calve
the greatest
French soprano
Gadski
the greatest
German soprano
Sembrich
the greatest
Polish soprano
Michailowa
the greatest
Russian soprano
Schumann-Heink
the greatest
Austrian contralto
Homer
the greatest
American contralto
Gerville-Reache
the greatest
French contralto
Scotti
Sammarco
Battistini
Ruffo
the greatest
Italian baritones
de Gogorza
the greatest
Spanish baritone
Renaud
the greatest
French baritone
Journet
Plan^on
the greatest
French bassos
Witherspoon
the greatest
American bass
Williams
Hamlin
the greatest concert
and oratorio tenors
The world’s
greatest singers
make records
only for the
Victor
The world’s greatest singers! The great¬
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greatest bassos. Not among the greatest,
but the greatest of all nationalities.
These famous artists — universally ac¬
knowledged the greatest, and commanding
the highest salaries — make records only for
the ]rictor because they realize that the
Victor is the only instrument that does full
justice to their magnificent voices.
Flearing is believing— go today to the nearest Victor
dealer’s and hear these famous artists sing their greatest
arias.
Ask him for copies of the
handsome illustrated Victor cat¬
alogs, or wrjte to us for them.
Victor II, $32.50
Other styles $10 to $100
Victor-Victrola X, $75
Victor Talking Machine Co.
20th and Cooper Sts., Camden, N. J.
Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal
Canadian Distributors
To get best results, use only
Victor Needles on Victor Records
And be sure to bear the Victor-Victrola
Victor-Victrola XIV, $ 1 50
Other styles $100, $200, $250
320
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 11,
etteffaiming
A John Deere
^JBook
'—Just Out
fA Farmer Can
Get it Free
THIS valuable book has eighteen articles on live
(arm topics, written by the highest authorities.
Get the book and a lull description ol John
Deere Plows and Cultivators. They are the imple¬
ments of quality , made for farmers who want the
best. We will send the book and catalogue of John
Deere goods if you write for
Package No. 33
Mention the package number sure, then
you will get exactly the right stuff.
DEERE & COMPANY, MOLINE, ILL
RANGER” BICYCLES
Have imported roller chains , sprockets and
pedals; New Departure Coaster- Brakes and
Hubs; Puncture Proof Tires; highest grade
equipment and many advanced features pos¬
sessed by no other wheels. Guaranteed y yrs .
FACTORY PRICESffi»S
others ask for cheap wheels. Other reliable
models from *12 up. A few good second¬
hand machines $3 to $8.
1 0 DA YS’FREE TRIAL?.":
I proval , freight prepaid% any where in U. S.,
I without a cent in advance. DO NOT BUY a
'bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any
J price until you get our big new catalog and
* special prices and a marvelous new ojfer •
postal brings everything. Write it now.
I D C C Coaster Brake Rear Wheels, lamps,
IlltO parts, and sundries half usual prices .
Rider A crents everywhere are coining money selling our bi¬
cycles, tires and sundries. Write today,
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept. A80 7 CHICAGO
like hungry wolves
> Mr 1 3 11 and keep you busy
if you use V. C. Bait. Best bait known
for enticing all kinds of fish. 25c. a box.
Write for Free Booklets and our Special
Offer of one box to help introduce it.
Walton Supply Co., Dept.y 8t. Louis, Mo
50 "WORTH OF
mm
GUARANTEED FOR 12 YEAR
We Can Save You $50.00
on the Average Size Roof
A Few Quotations From the Bargains
in Our Latest Roofing Catalog:
Tarred Felt Roofing. Best quality.
108 square feet. 85-cent value. CA
Per roll . Vvl»
Rubber Asphalt Roofing. The ordinary
kind. 108 square feet. $1.25 70/»
value. Wt.,34 1bs. Per roll. 4 UL
Flint Coated Rubber Roofing. 108
square feet. $1.65 value. Q C _
Weight, 50 lbs. Per roll -
Corrugated Steel Roofing. 28-gauge.
Heavy, painted red. 100 <£"] Of
square feet. $2.50 value. . «P I -O O
Best-of-all Roofing. 3J^-ply. 108
square feet. $3.50 value. d»| QA
Weight, 60 lbs. Per roll. . «pl.OU
Every Price in This Catalog is 25 to 50
Per Cent Below Regular Retail Prices.
If you want
any kind of
roofing, it is
to your in¬
terests to
write for a
copy of this
free Roof¬
ing Catalog
and our
complete
layout of
samples be¬
fore placing
your order.
— We quote
1911 reduced prices which in many lines are
even lower than our prices for 1910. Simply
write and say: “Send me your free Roofing:
Catalog: No.66R51 and complete set of sam-
pies” and they will be mailed at once free
and postpaid.
SEARS.ROEBUCKcm
SHORT STORIES.
Over-production of Apples.
I teach in the city, but am retaining the
old homestead of 75 acres, 15 miles out in
the country. My Saturdays and various
school vacations are spent on the farm.
It has been my purpose to set out an
orchard of apple trees, but the rush of so
many in this direction leads me to hesi¬
tate. Is there not great danger of over¬
production of apples- 15 years hence?
Would you advise setting out pear and
cherry trees instead of apples? Ought
there to bo any difficulty in getting the
cherry trees started? Farmers tell me that
it is hard to make them live. G. M. a.
Hartford, Conn.
We do not fear that the apple business
will be overdone. It will prove a case of
“survival of the fittest,” and many trees
now being planted will fail for lack of
proper care. Trade will be done on a dif¬
ferent basis in the future and good orch¬
ards nearest the large markets will have
best chance. Pear orchards will pay. The
trouble with cherries is the lack of pickers
at just the right time.
Hogs in Young Orchard.
I have an upland pasture lot which I
wish to set with apple trees this Spring.
It was cropped with potatoes and seeded
to rye late last Fall. Can 1 set trees this
Spring and run hogs on it next year with¬
out injury to the young trees. If so, what
shall I put on for green feed for pigs?
Can I spray apple trees in the Summer
months in a pasture lot without injury to
stock? J. e. w.
New Milford, Conn.
We would not let hogs into such an
orchard. They will injure the trees. The
only orchard in which we would put hogs
is one with high-headed old trees with
tender wood out of their reach. Better
put in some cultivated crop or something
to be plowed under. A Summer spray
would probably be made with lime-sulphur.
It •would not hurt the stock.
Crimson Clover in Peach Orchard.
I have a peach orchard of 115 trees four
years old that has been cultivated clean up
to the middle of July, 1910, and was sown
■to Crimson clover. It made but little
growth, but is a good stand, except right
around the trees. What must I do with
it? Shall I tear that all up this Spring,
or could I let it stand by digging around
the trees ? J- k. f.
Glenwood, Ind.
It depends on what you want to do with
the orchard later — cultivate or mulch.
You can work around the trees and let
the clover stand and reseed. Or you can
wait until the seeds are formed and then
plow shallow, leaving the clover heads ex¬
posed. Then harrow across the furrows.
This scatters the clover seed and makes
a good seediug. Some growers in Delaware
follow this plan with success.
Lime with Muck.
I have a large quantity of muck which
I wish to compost with lime. I can buy
the unslaked for $1.30 per barrel and the
air-slaked for 75 cents. Which would be
the better and more economical to use?
Lynn, Mass. e. f. m.
i The object in this case is to start a
qui’k and strong fermentation in the
muck. For this purpose we would rather
have the quick or unslaked lime. If you
could get the quick or lump lime ground
without beiug slaked it would be excellent
for your purpose. At the prices quoted the
slaked lime is cheaper, and under the cir¬
cumstances we would use it. Scatter it
freely over the muck as the pile is made
up.
Neglected Apple Trees.
Do you think it worth while to go
through some old apple trees (about 100)
and prune them, or cut them down for fire
wood? These trees have been neglected
for years, and are all grown up with
suckers, and there are also some dead
limbs. What would be the best time to
prune these trees? J. f. b.
Pleasantville, N. Y.
We should have to see the orchard to
finally decide. If the trunks and lower
limbs are still sound, with few large rotten
cavities, we should try to save the trees.
Cut out all the dead wood. Prune below
the dead wood into living wood and paint
the stub. Then cut back at least one-
third of the growth and give a thorough
spraying with lime and sulphur. Prune
now.' Follow the instructions for prun¬
ing, feeding and spraying as given iu The
R. N.-Y. \rou cannot save this orchard
unless you are willing to put money and
time into it.
Whitewashing Trees; Improving Sod.
1. Is whitewashing the trunks of fruit
trees harmful to them, and would it hurt
them to mix a little air-slaked lime iu the
soil about them? 2. llow can I keep nice-
looking grass on a terrace which faces the
south? I have had it sodded and rolled
two or three times, besides rolling it once
a week thereafter. I have dressed with
bone meal, rotted manure, also handpicked
the weeds, but now it is almost bare. The
roots don’t seem to go deep enough some¬
how, arid the soil crumbles off the top
easily. Would lime or limewater sprinkled
on a lawn of Blue grass and clover be
beneficial? M. M.
St. Louis, Mo.
1. No, whitewashing will not hurt the
trees, nor will it do them any great good
A diluted lime-sulphur wash would kill some
insects and help the trees. Lime will prob¬
ably prove just what these trees need. 2.
We think that soil needs a heavy liming in
order to start and hold the sod.
Rank Growth of Peaches.
I have a peach orchard near my chicken
house, and several of the trees are grow¬
ing to foliage. The ground must be too
rich. How can I overcome that?
Napanoeh, N. Y. J. b. w.
You cannot overcome it entirely, for the
peach cannot stand high feeding like plum,
apple or pear. The best plan is to give
the tree a “balanced ration.” Use potash
and acid phosphate without any nitrogen.
This will help more than anything else.
12 Lbs. Pure Zinc to the
Cwt. make “ Mif co
Nails Indestructible
The term “ galvanized ” is under suspicion.
Users of nails are fast finding out that “ galvanized ” nails and
thinly coated nails quickly rust and are destroyed when used in ex¬
posed work. 1
Roofs must be rebuilt, fences and gates replaced in a very few
years because the nails rust and break off.
Even porch floors and clapboarding often last only half as long as
they should, all on account of defective nails.
Hence architects, farmers and builders will be interested in
M. I. F. Co.
Heavy Zinc Coated Nails
Know that every hundredweight of “ Mifco ”
iron cut nails carries 10 to 12 pounds of pure zinc
coating.
This heavy coating makes them as indestruc¬
tible as solid copper nails, but they cost only
one-third as much.
Time, moisture, even salt air, will not affect
them.
We have house owners’ stories telling of these
nails holding on roofs for 29 years. The shin¬
gles were rotted by age, yet the nails showed no
sign of rust. They were as good as new.
Malleable Iron Fittings Co
You can double the life of all your exposed
woodwork and slate work by using these inde¬
structible nails. It is economy to use them.
Get them at your hardware dealer’s, but re¬
member the initials M. I. F. Co. on the head
of each keg.
No other nails will last like these. No other
nails in America carry 10 to 12 pounds of zinc
to the hundredweight. Please remember this.
If your dealer isn’t supplied we’ll send you
the name of one who is. Just your name and
address mailed to us brings this information.
Don’t drive another nail till you get it.
Branford, Conn.
feioDflCM XX WMWW'KW'tt. W y..m U Jl
Baskets, Ladders and Growers’
Supplies.
A card brings our catalogue.
BACON & CO., Appleton, N. V.
ninr— NEW CROP-PRODUCER to CONSUMER-100 lbs.
niuL beautiful, clean, white, whole grain South
Carolina extra fancy table rice, ready for cook¬
ing, delivered freight prepaid to your station, $4.85.
We guarantee safo arrival of rice.
j. ED. CABAXISS, Rice Farmer, Katy, Texas.
Concrete Manure Pit
Big Saver on the Farm
The common method of throwing manure in¬
to an unsheltered pen on a rickety board floor
or on the ground is wasteful, the seepage
means a loss which can be estimated in dollars
and cents. A concrete pit prevents this loss.
It is inexpensive and can be built with aid of regu¬
lar farm help. It is an improvement and conven¬
ience which will pay for itself in a very short time.
Write us for information on any kind of concrete
work. We will write you individually, giving full
instructions for getting best results. This service
is FREE. The only expense to you will be the
postage used in writing us; address the nearest
office of the Company.
UNIVERSAL PCEMENTD COMPANY
CHICAGO — PITTSBURG
Northwestern Office: Minneapolis
1913
321
The RURAL NEW-YORKER
From the New England Homestead for the Week Ending February 20, 1910.
America’s Greatest Corn Yield
Keen Interest in Corn Growing in New England— What Other Peurts of the Country Have Accomplished-
Some Magnificent Records of Corn Yield on Old Soils— A Massachusetts Inquirer Answered—
Interesting Features Outlined— Heavy Manuring for Best Results
Recently I saw an article in The New England Homestead where
the editor attended the corn husking at the Brewer farm, and where
he states that the yield was 127 bushels shelled corn to the acre. Now,
I would like to know how anyone knows that the yield was us
indicated. I would go a long distance to see TOO bushels shelled corn
honest measure, grown on an acre of land in New England. One
cannot tell the yield until the following March, when the corn is
cured out, unless it be kiln-dried. I am something of a sceptic, and
believe, with the late R. N. Oakman, there was never 100 bushels
shelled corn, honest measure, produced on an acre of New England
soil. — H. C. Haskell, Franklin County, Mass.
It is hot surprising that Mr. Haskell questions the report on yields
of corn. As a matter of fact, the average for the United States is
only about 26 bushels to the acre, and farmers in general consider a
crop of T OO bushels ear corn to the acre a mighty good one. In this
connection, however, let it be recalled that back in 1889 was produced
the prize acre of corn ever grown in America. This prize acre gave
255 bushels shelled corn as it came from the field. But this was the
green weight, product being field dried. Therefore, Dr. W. B. Barney,
under the direction of J. B. McBryde, director of the South Carolina
station, analyzed a fair sample of the corn and found it conained only
15% water. Therefore, the 255 bushels of shelled corn actually con¬
tained 217 bushels dry matter in the kernels without any water
whatsoever. On the customary basis of 10% water for thoroughly
crib-cured old corn, or kiln-dried corn the yield was 229 bushels
shelled corn from a single acre.
^ Remember this crop was raised by Z. J. Drake, of Marlboro County,
S. C. , in 1889. He received $500 in gold from American Agriculturist,
the Journal which originated and conducted the contest, and a
similar sum was given him by the South Carolina Department of Agri¬
culture.
The second largest crop grown in that remarkable contest was bv
Alfred Rose, of Yates County, N. Y. His yield was 15,898 pounds
corn on the ear, averaging 26% cob, or 213 bushels shelled corn, green
weight, or 191 bushels crib cured, and 174 bushels actual dry matter,
this contest nttiacted world- wide attention ^ and has since been quoted
freely by leading authorities of America. There were several contes¬
tants who harvested more than 100 bushels shelled corn to the acre.
For further description of this corn crop grown by Z. J. Drake
see AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, December 3, 1910
American Agriculturist Cora Contest
Described in “The Book of Corn,” Pages 353-359. Orange Judd & Company. Under direction of Herbert Myrick.
I iist Ci op, A. J. Drake, Marlborough County, South. Carolina
Yield, one acre
BUSHELS (GREEN WEIGHT).
255
BUSHELS (CRIB CURED).
239
TOTAL expense.
$264
net EXPENSE, PER BUSHEL
44 cents
ion n J a,1'draVlVM I" ™ie T'C : 1’000 bushels of stable manure, 4,800 lbs. Manipulated Guano T, 800 lbs Cotton Seed Meal
Stawe'«^.,d Y^ety1 ^ * 8#d* ^ 7’400 lbs' ,eV‘"izer *« the
Second Crop, Alfred Rose, Yates County, New York.
BUSHELS (GREEN WEIGHT).
213
BUSHELS (CRIB CURED).
191
TOTAL EXPENSE.
$62
NET EXPENSE, PER BUSHEL
16 cents
Yield, one acre
IVeZ^JgHculturist^ C°™ Ma“Ure a,0“' "° S‘aWe 3oil> Early
The Great Corn Contest of the American Agriculturist. 45 Crops in all.
Crops 213, II 9 and 95 bushels each; Grown on one measured acre exclusively with the MAPES CORN MANURE
Of this great crop 213 bushels shelled corn, grown in Yates County, N. Y., with the Mapes Corn Manure (800
!mrl1n!nkPer ^ tEe American Agriculturist says: “If we allow only $15 as the value of the tops for fodder
and make no account of the bottom stalks, the cost comes within twenty cents a bushel (shelled corn).”
(chemically dri^d ^Vbusliels1) P gr°Wn With fertilizers OTHER THAN the MaPe« (45 crops in all) was 84 BUSHELS
Some large crops grown with the Mapes Corn Manure, and reported in the Agricultural Press
C^nMaVurr^ ^ t0 " 116* “ “ - P« ^ , grown’on farm of
ttacs (“> witb «*> 1— per — Value of the grain alone over live
the Ma^W^VorLf ^ °“ &ttr 159'37 busMs « — bushels on one acre. Nothing used but
Oil two acres, 600 pounds of Mapes alone, broadcast, 198 bushels shelled
bushels (ears). Grown by Dr. Henry Stewart. — New England Homestead.
Oue hundred and eighty bushels of ears per acre ; shelled, 98.45 bushels,
per acre) used. — Connecticut Farmer.
corn. On three acres, same fertilizer, same quantity 489
2,058 bushels (ears) on 16 acres. Only Mapes (800 pounds
Corn & Renovating' Crop*— --From the American Agriculturist.
villi Mape,s 9°fn AI.ai‘ure alone was llsed ou tlle lai*ge crops recently described in the American Agriculturist but
and by the use of seed Hio wiB “ combination of season, sunshine, moisture, soil, texture and fertilization,
and by the use of seed that will produce two or more ears per stalk. Corn is a comparatively sure crop and Prof Manes
says that, with judicious fertilization, it can be made a renovating crop and not an exhausting crop as is generally supposed
teZTjfreeof wefdf ** ^ °r «*“eral besides “oney from the start. SariS
Descriptive pamphlet for 1911 — “The Mapes Manures and How to Use Them”—
maded free. Also pamphlets on Tobacco, Market Truck, Fruit Trees and
bmali bruits, including Granges, Pineapples, etc., in Florida, West Indies, etc.
The MAPES FORMULA fir PERUVIAN GUANO CO.
143 Liberty Street, New York
322
March 11,
Hope Farm Notes
FLORIDA NOTES. No. 5.
The soil on the ridge where our little
town is located is very light. At first
sight a stranger would call it pure sand.
By kicking or digging into it he would
lind a darker color with a fair supply of
vegetable matter. Below is a peculiar sort
of subsoil, quite hard and solid, and the
soil is “spotted,” that is, not uniform. On
one side of a fence you may find a strong
soil which will produce good crops. On
the' other side there will be a peculiar sort
of sand absolutely worthless for farming.
1 was, told of one case where land specu¬
lators sold a man such a soil on the prom¬
ise that it was “white muck-’ equal in
strength to the ordinary black muck at the
North. All sorts of deviltry and wicked¬
ness have been known in Florida, but
through it all there lias been nothing worse
than the way some of these cursed land
speculators operate. A man coming from
the rich soil of some Northern valley might
say that this poor sand cannot muster
plant food enough to grow anything. Let
him look at the new wood on peach or
other trees and he will be astonished.
When the hoy came here to start his gar¬
den ho found a mass of weeds six feet
high. There is something about the better
class of this light soil which responds like
magic when water is put on it. That is
what upsets the calculation of the average
Northern man. It will take him several
years to know how to handle this “sand.”
At intervals all through this section will
be found lakes or ponds. Most of them
are little sink holes or depressions into
which the drainage water collects. There
are several large lakes, but on the ridge
where we are most “farms” touch a small
pond. 1 think these bodies of water are to
be used later for irrigation. Away from
the sandy ridge and sloping to the larger
lake the soil becomes more swampy and
damp. Along the lake shore are patches of
naturally strong soil. I have a piece of
land there which' we have abandoned. It
is too far from “home,” too low to be
healthy, and subject to overflow when the
wind blows so as to back the water into it.
With capital to drain and irrigate such
soil could be used to grow onions or celery,
but no one could live on it. Nearby are
several abandoned houses where in former
years Northern families located and planted
oranges. Frost destroyed the groves and
malaria in this low land destroyed or
drove away the pcpple. I paid $200 for 30
acres of this rich soil. Some day it may
he useful for pecans, hut at present it
lies idle like thousands of acres once sold
at a high figure. There is still some gov¬
ernment land in this section, but it would
he a tremendous job to clear it. Many
former “farms” have gone back to the
State or county through failure to pay
taxes. Much of the land sold by “boom¬
ers” seems to be of this character. Some
of the saddest tragedies ever enacted in
this land are being worked out in the lives
of poor victims who have bought "homes”
in some of the Florida land companies.
At the possible risk of doing some honest
“companies” (if there be any) an injustice
1 would advise our people to let this com¬
pany or stock land buying absolutely alone.
Do not put up one dollar for any land
without going yourself to look it over. (Jo,
if possible, during the worst season — when
it is raining hard. If there is a pond
nearby and you have capital you can
handle the dry time, but see what the
rainy season does before you buy. I am
tbld stories of insanity, death and loss of
health by people who were located on
lanu fit only for fish to occupy. They
bought it at a dry time when it looked
light, but later the lake and the river
jumped out of their beds and washed away
all hope.
Now, in order to get close to the heart of
things, I will print a letter just as it came
from a woman in New Jersey. This is
typical of one class of people who need
Florida. I know that within 10 days
after this is printed I shall have 50 letters
from Florida people who want to sell land !
1 will tell them all to begin with, that the
address will not be given. I have already
been approached by four different com¬
panies who are trying to work off land,
urging me to “work” the scheme for a
share of the proceeds !
Wanted, A Winter Home.
Just now, having managed to live through
another Northern Winter, we are wonder¬
ing whether one more will not write finis
after both our names. Also we wonder if
the few years we may live would not be
less of a torment if we could spend them,
or part of them, in the South. We could
only afford to buy or rent a small cottage,
near enough to some town so that supplies
could be obtained there, but certain com¬
forts we must have in any case. The milk
euestion would not be so serious a matter
as that of obtaining ice and pure drinking
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
water and some fresh meat. I have no idea
where yohr Southern place is located. Is
it near some town where there are cottages
to sell or rent? What could a small one
be bought for that could be made comfort¬
able for two old folks and yet not entirely
deplete their bank account? We should
want very little land — perhaps enough for
a small garden in which the “houseband"
could amuse himself. Are any of the houses
made with cellars down there? Some one
has told me that cellars are unknown in
the far South. Seems as if I could not
keep house without one, but probably I
could. M. b. B.
I think there can bo no question that
Winters in Florida would mean comfort and
added years to such people. It would be an
ideal way for elderly people to live — pro¬
vided. as I repeat over and over, they have
the price. In such case 1 should want to
live in the South from about November 15
to April 15 or May 1. Now, let everyone
understand that 1 am not trying in any
way to advertise or “boom" one particular
section. Our folks like the place, but I
am told by people in other sections that
they can offer far better opportunities. I
refer to this small spot because I have
been here and can speak without guessing
at it.
It would be comparatively easy to rent
or buy a Winter cottage. Lumber is cheap
and plain finishing is the rule. I should
say that houses can be built here for 60
per cent of the cost at the North. Prob¬
ably $1200 would put up such a cottage as
these people would want. There is a good
country store at our place where all ordi¬
nary supplies are on hand. Six to seven
miles away are two towns where practically
everything found in a large Northern town
can be had. There are good doctors in
these towns. We can reach them by going
a mile to a tel<*phone. Ice can be obtained
quite easily. Our folks send to Palatka
for ice. It comes in 200-pound cakes,
packed in sawdust and sacking, so that little
is lost. Drinking water is obtained from
wells, and on our sandy ridge the water
is of good quality, though not cold like our
Northern water. A butcher drives through
the place twice a week. Ilis meats are not
equal to the best dressed beef, but by
thorough cooking they can be made ac¬
ceptable. The lakes are well stocked with
fish, and the woods are full of quail, and
both can be obtained*' at a low price.
When it comes to a garden, the Northern
immigrant fails to grasp the situation at
first. Winter in Florida is the dry season.
Our people have seen no rain of any con¬
sequence since December 1. In some cases
gardens are made close to the lakes or
ponds and carried along without irrigation.
1 saw several such patches — far away from
the house and located in a swamp. In
most cases, however, in our locality, it
would be folly to start a garden without
some plan of supplying water. Uncle Ed.
has a hot air pumping outfit which raises
water from the lake into a tank, from
which it runs to the house and is piped
to the garden. Without this few, if any,
vegetables would grow. I am speaking now
of Winter or dry season gardening, which is
what our friend has in mind. If she ex¬
pected to come here and operate a garden
as they do through a New Jersey Summer
there would be sure disappointment. With
a water supply it is possible to have some
green vegetables in a Florida garden every
day in the year. Yet, since our folks have
been there this Winter, potatoes have been
killed to the ground twice.
There are no cellars at all in this coun¬
try. No one thinks of digging one. The
houses are raised from the ground on posts
or concrete foundations and the air cir¬
culates under them. Out in the country,
among the “crackers” or negroes, you will
find this space fully occupied by dogs,
chickens or hogs. There is no such usage
in the little village where our folks live.
The houses are all neat and clean, and
every inhabitant will tell you that the town
is “the prettiest place on the railroad !"
Keeping house without a cellar in Florida
would prove more natural than keeping
house with one. You can travel from New
York to our place on boat and car for less
than $30, including meals. There will be no
coal bill in Florida, and at present fuel
costs simply the hauling. Only light, plain
clothing will be needed. By keeping a
small flock of hens through the Winter —
eating them up at the close — and buying
supplies to good advantage, such people as
these from New Jersey could pass the Win¬
ter more economically than in their North¬
ern home. There can he no question or
argument about their being far more com¬
fortable and happy here during the cold
season. One week in the Florida air of Jan¬
uary would convince anyone of that. I
think one great future for Florida lies
in making Winter homes for just such
people. ii. w. c.
Killing Sumach. — I saw inquiry some
time ago about killing sumach. If inquirer
will peel the bushes wlitn the bark slips
easily they will die root and branch.
West Virginia.. . t: s. g.
Rubber Boot Time
is NOW!
This is the time of year when outdoor work is im¬
possible without the proper foot protection. You get
this protection in the famous “Ball-Band” ^
Rubber Boots. They defy the wet, slush or
snow and keep your feet warm and your
health good. 8,000,000 satisfied
wearers testify to their superiority^^
over common rubber boots. A |
*
I X
m
Quality
’alone has built
rup all of this enor¬
mous business. We
make but a small frac¬
tion of the profit that we
might have if we skimped
in materials and workmanship.
For crude rubber is a very costly
article, and many manufacturers can
only maintain themselves by cheapening
the materials.
We prefer to take less profit and make permanent
friends. That’s why this tremendous growing patronage, now
Over 8,000,000, will have nothing but “Ball-Band” rubber footwear.
And though we are as liberal as possible in the quality and work¬
manship of “Ball-Band” goods, using only the best materials and
employing the most skilled labor, we cut expenses in other
departments. Our magnificent selling organization and the fact
that most good dealers are eager to handle our goods makes our
selling expense only one-fifth that of some manufacturers.
“Ball-Band” rubber boots are for sale by 45,000 first-class
dealers. Some of these dealers also handle ordinary brands.
So be sure that you seethe RED “Ball-Band” trade-mark.
If your dealer can’t supply you, write us, mentioning alt
Mishawaka Woolen
Manufacturing Co.
Mishawaka, Ind.
'The Home That Pays Millions
for Quality ” (41)
I I Be An Independent Buyer Spend One Cent P’oi*
This Big FREE Book
A Kal&nv&zss;
Direct to You
' TRADE MARK REGISTERED
— “And Gas
Stoves, Too”
Ovon Thermom¬
eter Makes
Baking Easy
Our Big Free Stove and Range Book gives you our
factory wholesale prices and explains all — saving you
85 to S40 on any famous Kalamazoo stove or range,
including gas stoves. Sold only direct to homes.
Over 140,000 satisfied cus¬
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8100,000 bank bond guarantee. We prepay all freight and give you
— 30 Days’ Free Trial
—360 Days’ Approval Test
-CASH OR CREDIT
Write a postal for our book today— any responsible person can ^ J_
have same credit as your home stores would give you— anti you save
S5 to $40 cash. N o better stoves or ranges than the Kalamazoo could
be made— at any price I’rove it, before we keep your money, be
an independent buyer Send name for Free Catalogue No. l id.
Kalamazoo Stove Company, Mfrs., Kalamazoo, Michigan
Pumps Air Through Clothes
Syracuse “EASY** Washer uses
vacuum principle and forces air
and suds through the clothes.
Cleans perfectly without pulling,
hauling or tearing. Built to lasta
lifetime. Write today for Free Laundry
Recipes and 30-Day Free T rialOfler.
BODGE&Zrihh, 224 1 Dillaye
Building, Syracuse, N. Y., or Easy
Washer Co.* Bruce and Dundas
Streets, Toronto, Canada.
ForBest EXTENSION LADDER
at factory prices
write to
JOHN J. IMITTKIt.H Mill St., Binghamton, N. Y.
Is its Capacity— Earning Power.
SPENCER HAY PRESS Catalogues make groat
and definite claims proven by the press in action
or no sale. Nature of contract protects you. ( overs
every claim by actual figures. More tons per hour
guaranteed than by any other _ Write
horse press, same size bale. Right
Send for new Catalogue K . //Haj El*Si NOW
J. A. SPENCER
Dwight, Illinois
Don’t Strain Your Back With Heavy Lifting!
You can lift as much as three strong men with but little exertion if you use the
Burr Automatic Safety Tackle Block
You do not need the assistance of a hired man to change wagon boxes, stretch
wire, move heavy stones, lift and move injured or dead animals, when you have
a Burr Block. Just the thing for the garage for changing auto bodies and lifting
the chassis for underneath work.
Burr Automatic Safety
Tackle Block
n]] the work of a chain block in a much better way. It is the only rope block that com.
pares with a chain block yet docs not gouge or chew the rope every time it is locked.
The Burr Block is Easily Manipulated
You can raise or lower the object nnv distance — the thickness of a sheet of paper if
necessary— and know that it will not slip or give. Wet, greasy rope makes no difference
with* the Burr Block.
You can buy the smallest size Burr Block (600 pounds capacity) for 75 cents. The
largest size (capacity 6. C00 pounds) costs but $4.46. There is no other apparatus tnai*
you can buy for the farm that will give you such a big return on the money invested#
Think of the time and labor you can save with a Burr Block. Ask us to send you
full information as to prices, sizes and capacity. Wo wi 1 1 bej» leased to tell I you wnero
you can buy Burr Blocks. A postal wifi bring the information. Write today*
BURR MFG. CO.. 136 Viaduct, CLEVELAND, OHIO
1911.
323
Ruralisms
FINE POINTS OF SPRAYING.
Find out what you are going to spray
for. Find out the best remedy for
that particular trouble. Find out proper
time to apply that remedy most effective¬
ly. Lastly, make the application in the
most thorough manner. Strict attention
to the above essential points makes the
difference between success or failure in
spraying. The average farmer who has
not had a live interest in fruit growing
is likely to fall down upon one and usu¬
ally more than one of the above proposi¬
tions. Spraying is coming to be a more
exact science as the life history of the
various insect and fungous troubles is
being worked out, and the best time to
combat them most effectively found. A
careful reading of experiment station
and United States Department of Agri¬
culture bulletins upon these subjects will
furnish the most up-to-date information,
and is essential for intelligent results.
The worst pest of the apple grower
is the larva of the Codling moth— the
chief cause of wormy apples. Best reme¬
dy, arsenate of lead, two to three pounds
to 50 gallons of water. Best time to
apply, just as last blossom petals are
dropping. Spraying must be finished by
10 days after that date. Every calyx
cup should be hit by the poison spray.
Another spraying could be given two
or three weeks later, but results ob¬
tained last two or three years indicate
that if this first spraying was made at
proper time and thoroughly done, Cod¬
ling moth would be effectively controlled.
Apple scab, commonly called “fungus,”
in years favorable for its development
often causes severe loss. Apples should
be sprayed with lj4 gallons of concen¬
trated lime-sulphur solution to 50 of
water, just before blossoms open; two
pounds of arsenate of lead added if leaf¬
eating larvae are present. The same
mixture can be used at the time of spray¬
ing for Codling moth, and will also
protect against the scab and control the
Codling moth at the same time. An¬
other spraying with the same mixture
should be applied three to four weeks
later. . These three sprayings should be
effective in controlling Codling moth,
leaf-eating larvae and apple scab.
B. d. v. B.
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
Transplanting Young Trees.
H. H. Palestine, Ohio. — I have an old or¬
chard of apples set 30 feet each way, with
young trees set in the square in 1902. The
man who owned it then supposed by the
time they got a start, the old ones would
be out of the way, but /nstead they are as
thrifty as they were then. It is in sod.
They are shading the young trees so they
cannot do any good. I have a place I could
Pu^ them where I took out some plums.
Could they be transplanted with safety? I
don t like to lose them. When would be
the best time? Would like your advice
setting dwarf apples for fillers. Would it
be better to blow the plum stumps out or
dig them, as the trees would have to go in
the same place to keep them straight in
rows. b
An. — The eight-year-old apple trees
can be dug out and transplanted. This
will save some years with a new or¬
chard. We dig around such trees so
as to leave a bunch of earth about as
large as a bushel basket around the
roots. The top is cut back one-half to
two-thirds. The tree can then be put on
a stone boat and hauled to the place
of new planting. Dig a hole a trifle
larger than the bunch of earth on the
roots, and plant the tree an inch or
more deeper than it stood in the old
place. Pack earth around it and pound
it down hard, being very careful not to
leave any space around the roots. When
planted throw a good mulch of manure,
straw or similar stuff around the tree.
Be careful not to rub the bark off in
transplanting. Trees 15 to 20 years old
are successfully moved in this way. The
best time is in early Spring, while the
trees are dormant and the soil is moist.
We should blow out the plum stumps.
We do not favor dwarf apples as fillers.
Apples for Virginia.
R., Danville, I a. — What kind and how
many of each kind of apples should be
planted for home consumption in Piedmont.
^ lrSUiia, light C-ndy soil, clay sub-soil, on
a piece of ground that will set 40 trees,
oO feet apart each way, and how prepare
the land to set them, in the Fall of 1911?
. Ans. Almost any of the ordinary va¬
rieties of fruits will succeed in the
Piedmont region of Virginia. The
method of handling the land as it has
been described is very good, and it
ought to be in fair condition now. After
the oats are cut next Summer cow peas
should be put in with a drill, in rows
about 30 inches apart and cultivated
twice. I his will make a crop of forage
that should be worked into the ground
before the trees are set next Fall. As a
family orchard is desired I would sug¬
gest that the distance apart for setting
the trees be 25 by 25 feet rather than
30 feet. This will give opportunity for
more than 40 trees and occupy the
ground more fully than at the greater
distance. And really 30 feet is too far
apart for trees for about 15 or 20 years,
and then they will get to be too close.
But in planting the trees 25 feet apart
they must be thinned by digging out a
part of the trees as crowding begins.
The proper way to do this is to remove
every other row diagonally, which will
make those remaining a little over 35
feet apart. It is supposed that this or¬
chard is to serve as one for home use
chiefly and any surplus fruit is to be
sold. Of the Summer and Fall varie¬
ties but few trees of each will be needed
and the larger part of the Winter kinds.
The following list will suit the case in
question: Yellow Transparent, two;
Early Harvest, two ; Liveland Rasp¬
berry, two; Golden Sweet, two; Fanny,
two; Jefferis, two; Fall Pippin, two;
Ortley, two; Grimes, four; Jonathan,
five; Winesap, five; Stayman,- five ; York
Imperial, five. If more than these 40
trees listed are planted, which may be
done by the plan of using fillers as sug¬
gested, the addition should be more trees
of the last five varieties named.
H. E. VAN DEMAN.
Grape Disease in Mexico.
,.N' , R-, Tampico, Mexico.— We are
situated in the state of Vera Cruz about
60 miles south of the great seaport of
Tampico; living on a very large island be¬
tween the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Tami-
akua, which takes its waters from toe
gulf and therefore is salty. The island at
thi3 point is about 3% miles wide and the
soil is a dark sandy loam, evidently
washed in by the gulf and the subsequent
decaying of tropical vegetation, the surface
being from one to four feet deep in de¬
cayed vegetable matter, the whole being
covered mostly with tropical timber and
jungle. We have set our grapes brought
from California and after a year’s growth
they seem to be doing no good, having
thrown out shoots only about a foot in
length. They will start nice and green and
In a short time the leaves will tyrn brown
and soon fall off, and then start again ;
thus the strength all goes to renewing the
leaves and the vines do not make much
growth. As there are many wild grape¬
vines full of grapes in this vicinity we
cannot understand why the tame ones fail.
Our plants are set about 100 yards from
the lake shore, and exposed to the lake
breeze, which is a salty one. Do you
think this would affect their growth? As
the soil is full of shells (there should be
an abundance of lime, and we cannot un¬
derstand why they blight so.
Ans. — It is my opinion that these
grapevines are suffering from downy
mildew, as the situation is low and moist,
one greatly favoring such disease, and
the vines are of the Vinifera class,
the most subject to that disease, and the
“symptoms” described fit the effects of
that fungus. Thorough spraying with
Bordeaux Mixture, beginning with th£
growing season and administering every
10 days during rainy weather will hold
it off, if it be that disease.
Texas. t. v. munson.
“Your buckwheat cakes, dear,” said
the young husband, “are fine, but this
syrup is utterly unlike any I ever tasted
before. “It must be all right, George,”
said the young wife. ‘ Pgot it out of
that tin can on the top shelf in the pan¬
try.” ^ “Ah, that explains it, dearie.
That’s a can of carriage varnish.” — Chi¬
cago Tribune.
Spray and Make
Your Crop a Success
You can practically determine in advance the amount of perfect
fruit or vegetables if you spray regularly with
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead
(in Powdered Form)
Its (guaranteed) 32^-33% arsenic oxide — twice the strength of other brands — kills
all leaf-eating insects at once, but the newest foliage will not be harmed because Electro
contains less than of 1% water-soluble arsenic. Electro is the only successful dry
arsenate of lead because it is the only one in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. Mixes
instantly with water and remains long in suspension ; or can be used as a dust. Rains
cannot wash it off.
Tests by Conn, and N. J. Agri. Exper. Stations prove its value — send for these.
Write, too, for our folders on Electro Arsenate of Lead and on Lime-Sulph;zr
Solution — of greatest interest and value to all orchardists and truck
growers.
If your dealer cannot supply, write us for prices, proofs and
name of nearest distributor,
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL CO.
32 Church Street, New York
SPRAY £2°P.tre.<lb.y N.V. State Fruit Growers’ Assn
urnw I IT W ILL FAX YOU TO USE EITHER.
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS mo AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
^FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE^
T
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO."
14 BAYVIE.W AVE..JERSEY CITY N J
WRITE FOR PRICES. CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED^
"ONE FOR AIL," No. I
DEATH TO inetCTS . FUNGI
Barrels, 425 lbs _ _05c per IS'
X Bbls.,200 Ibs...-^.
100 lbs - . -at t.'
50 lbs . . m , , - . naifv o
25 Ibt .08 —
r O. B NEW YORK;
Wool Grease, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur
Combined. A Contact and Poison Spray.
Aft Insecticide & Fungicide.
Only Thing Needed for all Pests or Fungus?
WRITE FOR BOOKLET.
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
£stabUshed 1882.
[51 Front Street. Nerr York
TO KILL
San Jose Scale
USE
Bergenport Brand Sublimed
Flowers of Sulohur
The best form of sulphur for Lime Sulphur Wash
Combines easily and quickly with lime. Write to
BEKGKNPOBI SULPHUR WORKS
T. & S. C. White Co., 100 William St.. NY..
GET THE BEST
A Good Spray Pump earns
big profits and lasts for years.
THE ECLIPSE |
is a good pump. As
• practical fruit grow-
) ers we were using common
sprayers in our own orchards
— found their defects and
invented the Eclipse. Its
success forced us to manu¬
facturing on a large scaie.
You take no chances. We
have done all the experi¬
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog
and Treatise on spraying FREE.
MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor. Mich.
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND
IS THE CHEAPEST AND BEST. IT HAS NO SUPERIOR.
SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE.
Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money
Spraying Compound ready to mix with water. One
gallon of Spraying compound will make from sixteen to
twenty gallons of spray.
Terms:— In bbl. lots (50 gal.) 30c. per gal.
We would refer you to J. H. Hale, the Peach King, or
Prof. Jarvis of the Connecticut Agricultural College.
They will tell you there is nothing better.
THE J. T. ROBERTSON CO., BOX R, MANCHESTER, CONN.
Spray 30 Acres a Day
Potatoes, Small Fruits, Vines
Spraying that counts. 6 rows at a time with force to do
work right. Foliage sprayed all over, under as well as
on rop. The Perfection Sprayer is also great at orchard
work. Spray trees by hand. Easy to maintain 160
ponnds pressure with two nozzles going. Strong 60
gallon tank, perfect agitation, absolutely best spray
pump made. Spray pipes fold up— yon can
drive close to trees and in narrow places.
Over 23 years a sprayer builder. I know re¬
quirements, and 1 know the Perfection is
right. Over lOOO in use,
all giving satisfaction.
Write for Free Catalog.
Don’t buy any sprayer
till it comes.
THOMAS
PEPPLER
Box 45 , Hightstown, H. J.
You Can Depend on These Sprayers
Don’t waste your money on uncertain sprayers the
kind that are often out of order. The
largest fruitgrowers use the “Ilardie”
because it’s a sprayer with the
trouble left out.
This Ilardie No.
2 PowerSprayer
has 150 gal .tank,
all brass pump,
1J h. p. engine.
Weight750lbs.
Price $180.00.
The
Ilardie Sprayers
are made in 25 different sizes and
styles; prices $3.60 to $360. Our cat¬
alogue describes these sprayers,
and shows you the best way to
spray. It’s free. Send for a copy.
THE II Alt DIE MFG. CO.
942 Mechanic St., Hudson, Mich,
also 49 No. Front 8t«, Portland, Ore.
Hand Outfit
STAR
SAVES
TIME
LABOR
and
Sows evenly. No need W' SEED
to wait for quiet day. _
Sows Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Millet, Turnip, etc.
J wo sizes: 14 ft. and lfi ft. Auger feed. Wood frame. Satis-
faction guaranteed. Prompt shipment. If your dealer
doesnot handle the “STAR” write us for booklet.
STAR SEEDER CO., Box R, Shortsville. N. Y.
WHEELBARROW
SEEDER
SPRAYERS™ FREE TRIAL
NO ■ MONET - IN - ADVANCE — NO
BANK DEPOSIT — PAY AFTER IT
- - ■ HAS PAID FOR ITSELF
LET US SEND YOU ANY OF THESE SPRAYERS— to try for 10 days,
then if you buy, you can pay us cash or we’ll wait till you sell your crop, then
you can pay us out of the “extra profit” We pay freight. Wholesale dealers’ prices.
Man-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
Sprays “anything” — potatoes or truck. 4 rows at a
time. Also first-class tree sprayer. Vapor spray pre¬
vents blight, bugs, scab and rot from cutting your crop
in half. High pressure from big wheel. Pushes easy.
Spray arms adjust to any width or height of row. Cheap
strong and durable. G UAKA NTKKD FOR
I IVL FULL YEARS. Needn’t-send-a-centto get it “on
trial. You can get one free if you are first in your locality.
Write today.
Horse-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
For big growers. Most powerful machine made. 60 to
100 gallon tank for one or two horses. Steel axle. One-
piece-heavy-angle-iron frame, cypress wood tank with
adjustable round Iron hoops. Metal wheels. “Adjust¬
able” spray arms and nozzles. Brass ball-valves, plun¬
ger, strainer, etc. Big pump gives vapor spray. War¬
ranted for five years. Try this machine at our expense
mth your money xn your pocket." See free offer below.
Write today.
Fltz-All Barrel Sprayer.
Fits any barrel or tank. Higli pressure,
Serfect agitation, easy to operate. Brass
all-valves, plunger, strainer, etc. Auto¬
matic strainer. No “ cup leathers or rub¬
ber’’ about any of our sprayers. Furn¬
ished plain, mount^l on barrel, or on
wheels as shown. Pive year guarantee.
It don’t cost you “o cent ” to try it in your
orchard. Get one free. See below.
Write today.
r E* Y°u can Ket a Hurst Sprayer absolutely free
* - r If you are the first in your locality this season
_ to send for one of our sprayers for trial.
You need do no canvassing or soliciting. It
will only take 15 minutes of your time. We do the work.
When you get a sprayer from us you get the benefit of our
24 years experience in manufacturing sprayers. Hurst
Sprayers won the gold medal at the National Horticultural
Congress spraying machine contest. Send us a postal or
mark the attached coupon and mail it to us and we will
, send you our fine catalog, spraying guide, and will tell you
, _ how you can get a sprayer free. Don’t delay, write us at
once for our free eprayer proposition and save money.
H. L. HURST MFC. CO, 284 North St., Canton, Ohio
. L. HURST MFO. CO., 234 North St., Canton, O. 00111)011
Send me your Catalog, Spraying Guide and “special liIlMrllll —
ler” on the sprayer marked with an X below. uuul ul'
Fill Out and
Sand todaj
H. L. HURST MFG. CO., 2R4 North St., Canton, O.
offer’
.Man-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
.Horse-Power Potato and Orchard Sprayer.
.Fltz-All Barrel Sprayer.
.4- Wheel Orchard Sprayer.
NAME .
ADDRESS .
324
March 11,
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
Published weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, New Vork.
Herbert W. Oollingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or S's marks, or lO'u francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timi
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cr.sh irust accompany transient orders.
“A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in ourcolumns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us w ithin one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser. %
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
The other side of that company horse deal is given
on page 328. We are pleased to give Mr. Otto a
chance to tell his side of the story. We also have the
statement of one who for some years acted as selling
agent for these horse companies. One thing is sure —
before we get done every reader of The R. N.-Y. will
know most of the ins and outs of this horse business.
If they then want to buy shares in horses it is their
privilege to do so. They do it with their eyes open.
*
In the New York Legislature Assembly bill No. 279
is intended to amend the vinegar law so that farm-
made vinegar containing “two per centum of solids and
sufficient alcohol to develop the required amount of
acetic acid” shall not be deemed adulterated. As
originally worded the amendment contained the words
“made by a farmer.” It was feared that this might
be considered “class legislation” and hence unconsti¬
tutional, so these words are cut out. This amendment
ought to pass.
*
Plant corn! Plant corn! Plant corn! Every year
we start up that war cry. It is a good one to use.
This year we want to go back or behind of the plant¬
ing and advise testing the seed. Take it ear by ear if
possible, shell off a few kernels and test them so you
can identify thfc ear by the way the kernels grow. You
will find a lot of dead corn. That is the deadest sort
of 'dead capital for your cornfield. In all these prize
yields you notice they had, first of all, a full stand,
even if they had to transplant. It may make a differ¬
ence of 20 per cent of a stand to test out the dead
ones before you begin.
*
The United States Senate voted 54 to 33 in favor of
popular choice of United States Senators. This de¬
feated the proposed amendment, since a two-thirds
vote was needed. The most striking thing about this
vote was the way eastern Senators voted. New Eng¬
land has 12 Senators; 10 of them voted against popu¬
lar election — one Senator being absent. Both Senators
from New York and both from Pennsylvania voted
no. In view of their record not one of these men
could be elected by popular vote. Here in New York
we are having a fine illustration of the way Senators
are selected to serve the people at Washington! The
caucus nominee of the Democrats, Mr. Sheehan, wants
another caucus so as to let the party decide. Let him
ask to leave it to the people at a popular primary. He
knows better than to do that! The Republicans are
worse off than the Democrats in the way of a candi¬
date, for they are actually voting for Senator Cliaun-
cey M. Depew. He is thoroughly discredited already,
while Mr. Sheehan is a new man at least.
*
Last year what was known as the Lupton bill was
introduced into the New York Legislature. The ob¬
ject of this bill was to control the operations of com¬
mission men who receive and sell farm produce. These
commission men were to be licensed and were also
required to give bonds for $10,000. Their business
was to be opened for inspection and the bond was to
protect shippers who were cheated or misused. The
bill failed. It was first killed in a committee. Then
when amended and introduced again there was no time
to discuss it. This year two bills have been introduced
by Mr. Collin. You will find the substance of them
printed on page 329. We would like to see them
both passed, but frankly, in the present condition of
affairs at Albany, it does not seem likely that they
can be both put through. We advise concentrating our
«THE RURAL? NEW-YORKER
forces back of No. 590. We are more likely to get
this one and, under it, the Commissioner of Agricul¬
ture can get for us just the information we need. At
Poughkeepsie the Eastern New York Fruit Growers
resolved to pass this bill and will make a demonstra¬
tion at Albany favoring it. Let all farmers fall in
and help pass the bill. Write at once to your mem¬
bers of the Legislature and ask them to support
Assembly bill No. 590 !
*
CANADIAN “RECIPROCITY.”
No. 4.
We could fill several issues of The R. N.-Y. with
letters from farmers who discuss “reciprocity.” They
are practically all one way. Almost without exception
free traders and protectionists unite in condemning
this so-called trade agreement. On January 1 a very
large majority of our farmers were in favor of lower
tariffs, with a fair chance for all. They now see
that the very interests which they have made strong
are willing to offer up the rights of the farmer as
a sacrifice to keep the consumers quiet. That is a
blunt way of stating it, but it is the way our farmers
feel, and aside from any consideration of the tariff
this awakening over “reciprocity” is the most hopeful
thing that has happened to farmers in many years.
It has come like a shock, but it shows them that
they will be mere playthings in the political game
just so long as they do the political drudgery for
any party which is dominated by corporation lawyers
and “special privilege.” They must now see that
they never can be free until they have the power to
defend their rights.
Should the proposed “reciprocity” go through as
planned, American farm history will repeat itself.
From the first it has been a system of farm robbery.
The settlers on the Atlantic coast got what they could
from the soil and then left it, going west for stronger
and cheaper land. Shortly after the Revolution parts
of New England were nearly depopulated when Ohio
was opened. Again and again as new territory was
opened the Eastern States have suffered loss of value
and population through competition from free land.
All this has led to the most wasteful form of farm¬
ing. Iowa actually lost population in the last decade.
Missouri and other nearby States also lost in their
farm or rural counties, a large share of the farm
population going direct to western Canada — taking
their money with them. With the tariff removed on
farm products the trickling stream of immigration
away from this country will swell to a flood. The
man in Alberta or Saskatchewan will be as near the
wheat or cattle market as he who lives in Iowa or
Kansas, yet the former can find land at $20 even
superior to that for which the latter must pay $150.
Yet with free trade the products of the two farms
meet on equal terms. Again the Canadian farmer
finds a government ready to lend him money for drain¬
age or to build railroads and storehouses which be¬
long to the people. The American farmer, on the
other hand, must pay higher rent and taxes and finds
that money, transportation and storage are controlled
by monopolies !
Nor will the consumers in town and city be better
off. Under the terms of “reciprocity” while grain and
meat are brought in free, there yet remains a tariff
on the forms of such food which the people eat. The
monopoly of preparing and handling such food will
still remain and that monopoly is what is now re¬
sponsible for the high cost of living. For some years
to come such food as Canada can send us will be
used like a club through the scare of “free trade” to
force down the price paid the American farmer. We
all know what happens when every few years foreign
potatoes come here in large numbers. These imports
may not be two per cent of our crop, yet the
knowledge that they are coming is so manipulated that
wholesale prices fall, while retail prices are not cut.
Under our present system of distribution, and handling
“reciprocity” will simply give the middlemen a better
chance to play both ends of the game. We believe
that the farmers of this country are ready for a fair
revision of the tariff. But for this attempt to rob
them they would probably have been willing to let
their so-called “leaders” go ahead and revise it. Now
we rejoice to say they will do their best to halter
these leaders and tie them right up to the rack. Let
us next see how they can do it.
*
As our readers know, the railroads have been trying
to increase their rates for carrying freight. They
argued that greater income was needed in order to pay
expenses, make needed improvements, raise wages and
pay fair income on their stocks and bonds. A few
years ago the railroads could have gone ahead', put up
rates to suit themselves and held up the people until
through a slow and long-drawn-out process the courts
decided whether these rates are just or not. Last year
Congress passed a new law giving the Interstate Com¬
merce Commission new powers. Now the railroads
cannot enforce higher rates until the Commission
overhauls them and decides whether such increase is
fair. As soon as this law passed the railroads jumped
up their rates, and a fierce argument has been going
on as to whether such increase was necessary to the
railroads or fair to the public. The Commission has
just decided against the railroads. There will be no
increase— we think on the other hand there will be a
cut in some of the rates now enforced. This action
cuts off $60,000,000 in revenue which the railroads
wanted — but saves all of it to the shippers. During
the investigation the Commission overhauled the prices
paid for stocks and bonds of all the railroads, and
what these securities represented in true value. In
view of the facts thus obtained we have little thought
that the railroads will try to appeal from this decision !
This outcome is another argument for a fair tariff
commission, for which we have argued for years.
Such a commission would never have favored the
one-sided agreement with Canada which President
Taft calls “reciprocity.” This railroad decision is the
most hopeful thing in railroad transportation that this
country has seen in years.
*
Gov. Baldwin, of Connecticut, is proving himself as
sound and well flavored as New England’s favorite
apple. He bids fair to prove the best Governor Con¬
necticut has had since early war times. Last week he
nominated our old friend J. H. Hale for Railroad
Commissioner. In asking Mr. Hale to accept, the
Governor said :
7 desire to put a Republican on the board who is a
man of energy, independence and good judgment, not
a place hunter, but one zvho has made good in his own
affairs!”
Sail in and find us a better description of the type
of men needed' to fill public office. When you get
tired of hunting for it take a rest and then find a man
who sizes up to it better than J. H. Hale does! Hale-
represents the soil and the best that grows in it, and
it is like going back to the days when New England
was a nation-maker to select farm-raised boys for
public office.
*
We have waited patiently for some intimation from
Mr. H. C. C. Taylor that those Guernsey cows will be
retested. We have seen nothing on the subject ex¬
cept the following from the New England Homestead:
The suggestion that Missy of the Glen be required to
duplicate the record is hardly fair to Mr. Taylor. Breed¬
ers well know that in establishing these high records
animals are driven almost to the breaking point. Their
permanent welfare is practically forfeited for the tem¬
porary gain. Missy of the Glen may be able to “come
back” and she may not. The question of accuracy of the
first record should not depend upon that condition. * If
Mr. Taylor was able to breed an animal of so high merit,
he should be able to duplicate the effort. Look to the
man and not this particular animal for future vindica¬
tion. The dairy world will watch, with interest the future
records of this herd. They are likely to be good ones, as
Mr. Taylor, i*f not Missy of the Glen, will be likely to
“come back.”
We certainly hope he will, but a record made in
the future by some calf now in Mr. Taylor’s barn will
not wash away the brand made by the Supreme Court
injunction. It is claimed that Missy of the Glen
gave milk containing nearly nine per cent of butter
fat with less than 18 per cent solids. Her claimed
record is based upon such abnormal milk. Now
granting that the cow cannot “come back” and again
give 14,591 pounds of milk in a year, can she give one
pound or 10 pound or 100 pounds which will show nine
per cent of fat? That would be good evidence. We
suggest that Mr. Taylor have the cow fed in any way
he likes — then turn her over to reliable dairymen and
let them milk her and sample the milk. We do not
understand that the amount of milk is questioned. The
quality is questioned, and if Missy does not feel like
“coming back” the entire distance let her stand where
she is and give up some of that nine per cent milk !
BREVITIES.
“Our billion dollar industry” is the way the hen men
talk.
Next week we shall show how interest in playing check¬
ers led to a model farmers’ institute.
The simplest rule for fattening stock appears to be:
“Keep the system open and feed eornmeal.”
Next week you will find full and detailed information
about sowing and feeding rape as hog and sheep pas¬
ture. It is well worth “the price of a year's subscription.”
Bear this in mind. In the Spring after a wet Winter
the soil is like a bottle containing a good supply of water.
The thing to do is to keep that water bottled up. This we
can do by keeping the surface soil stirred up and thus
prevent evaporation.
We often hear of men going about on “traveling insti¬
tutes,” or institutes on wheels. It is new to send a
cow along as an institute speaker, yet the cow Missouri
Chief Josephine, from the Missouri Agricultural College,
will be carried on a special train so that people may see
what a champion looks like.
1911.
•THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
32 Q
Guarantee 7*7^7'
of the running gear to be made
of triple A grade Straight
^ Grained Split Hickory — the /
\ same grade exactly as /■&
] this spoke which I send //
|#\ unpainted as a sample //
of the material used //
IgSijk with every Buggy / /
SlftiA I ship. //
?helps Wants To Send You
His Big Buggy Book
T’S HIS Style Book of
Split Hickory Vehicles
for 1 9 1 1 — fresh from the
printer. Phelps is a practical
Buggy designer and manufac¬
turer — he writes these books every
year himself — and he says this 1911
Book is the best one he’s ever written.
In it he’s worked out a new plan of displaying
and illustrating many of the important and exclu¬
sive features found only on Split Hickory Vehicles.
In this Book for 1911 he takes one of his
Vehicles and tears it all to pieces in a lot of
photographs, showing you, together with full
descriptions — all about every part of a buggy —
how it should be made — what it should be made
of — and Phelps knows.
Phelps tells you in his Book just why it is
Important that you get such wheels on the rig
you purchase as he guarantees to put on his Split
Hickory Buggies for 1911 — which are made of
triple A grade straight grained Hickory — a grade
found on no “stock” buggy.
See that Split Hickory spoke Phelps holds in his hand?
It’s a sample spoke (unpainted) that he sends with every
buggy he sells — and he guarantees every wheel to be made
of the same straight grained second growth Shellbark
Hickory as the sample spoke.
This same grade of material he also guarantees to use
in the construction of all running gears and other wood¬
work on his celebrated Split Hickory Vehicles.
FREE
and He Pays the Postage
This Book is The Big Show Room
of All Stales of Vehicle for 1911
2522 to *7522 Saved
Or No
Sale
According To The Style Of Vehicle You Buy
Manufacturer of Trade-Marked
Split Hickory Vehicles
30 Days’ Free Road Test — 2 Years’ Guarantee
—and — the Highest Grade That’s Made
— that’s Phelps’ Selling Slogan for 1911.
Phelps is the largest manufacturer in the world manu¬
facturing Vehicles sold direct from factory. He has sold over
125,000 Split Hickory Vehicles to people all over the country
who have read his advertisements — as you are doing now.
This 1911 Book of his is the greatest Vehicle Show Room in
the world — displaying, for your choice, over 125 styles of a great
variety of Auto Seat Buggies — Runabouts — Surreys — Carriages — Phaetons
— Spring Wagons — and don’t forget — a full line of high grade Harness.
This Book contains a greater variety of Vehicles than you could find in ten
large towns or in 25 dealers’ stores — and Phelps makes them all
to order — and sells them direct to you from factory — at a splendid
saving in price.
From Phelps you can get what you want — when you want
it — not what some dealer happens to have in stock — and
you can have many choices in style, finish, upholstering,
trimming, etc. Don’t you want this Big Display Book of
Buggy Styles? Isn’t it worth a postal to have this Book in
your home for reference? Phelps wants you to have it
• — FREE — and he pays the postage. Just write him a
note or a postal — say — “Phelps, I’d like the book.”
He will do the rest. Address
H. C. PHELPS, President
The Ohio Carriage Mfg.
The Largest Buggy Factory in the World Selling Direct to Consumer
Station 290, Columbus, Ohio
Don *t
You
Want a
30 -Day
Free
Road
Test of
this Auto
Seat
Buggy
326
THE RURAL
NEW-YORKER
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
SEED TIME AND HARVEST.
As o’er his furrowed fields which lie
Beneath a coldly-dropping sky,
Yet chill with Winter’s melted snow,
The husbandman goes forth to sow.
Thus, Freedom, on the bitter blast
The ventures of thy seed we cast.
And trust to warmer sun and rain
To swell the germs and fill the grain.
Who calls thy glorious service hard?
Who deems it not its own reward?
Who, for its trials, counts it less
A cause of praise and thankfulness?
It may not be our lot to wield
The sickle in the ripened field ;
Nor ours to hear, on Summer eves,
The reaper's song among the sheaves.
Yet where our duty's task is wrought
In unison with God’s great thought,
The near and future blend in one,
And whatsoe’er is willed, is done !
And ours the grateful service whence
Came, day by day, the recompense ;
The hope, the trust, the purpose stayed,
The fountain and the noonday shade.
And were this life the utmost span,
The only end and aim of man,
Better the toil of fields like these
Than waking dream and slothful ease.
But life, though falling like our grain,
Like that revives and springs again ;
And, early called, how blest are they
Who wait in heaven their harvest-day.
— J. G. Whittier.
*
As a pleasant little dainty, coat stoned
raisins or small stoned dates in sweet
chocolate, melting the chocolate in a
dish over boiling water. Dip the fruit,
hold it for a moment to drip, and then
put in a cold place to harden.
*
Some very pretty bureau covers are
made of flowered cretonne veiled with
cotton net, the veiling giving a soft Dres¬
den effect to the cretonne. The cover
should be the size to lie flat, and may
be edged with a beading heading Cluny
lace, or finished with a cotton gimp
matching it in color.
*
Among sweet sandwiches served at an
afternoon tea was extremely thin bread
and butter, sprinkled with grated maple
sugar, and then pressed together into
sandwiches. Another filling is honey and
butter blended together and spread be¬
tween Boston brown bread, or white
bread spread with honey and thick
whipped cream. These are all nice sand¬
wiches for a children’s party.
*
Little Mrs. Bride had almost every¬
thing to learn about housekeeping, says
the Youth’s Companion, but she was so
enthusiastic in her interest that every
one was glad to help her.
“I have some particularly fine aspar¬
agus,” the marketman told her one day,
and he displayed a bunch for her admir¬
ation. “Picked not three hours ago,” he
added.
Mrs. Bride looked at it with unaffected
amazement.
“Does it grow like that?” she asked. “I
always supposed the cook braided the
ends of it.”
*
Among the new belts we note Empire
girdles which are worn as a. finish to
the high-waisted Empire gowns. They
are ropes of twisted beads, ending in a
long tassel, and are worn loosely about
the high waist, with pendent ends. Other
elaborate belts are of metal brocade, gold,
silver or steel, about six inches wide,
drawn into a handsome buckle. We
also see most gorgeous hand bags of
gold brocade, which are flat, about 12
to 14 inches long and seven or eight
inches deep, edged all around with gimp,
and finished with a handle of gilt rib¬
bon, fastened on with flat rosettes.
Gorgeous hand bags are made to match
the costume also. The plain Empire
bags of velvet, gathered with a long
cord finished with tassels, are simple
and pretty, and very nice to hold hand¬
kerchief and small change on any occa¬
sion when a leather shopping bag seems
out of place. Similar bags of white
linen, either plain or decorated with
braiding or embroidery, are sure to be
in vogue with Summer gowns, for a
white or light-colored dress is quickly
soiled by a colored bag rubbing against
it.
*
KHAKi-colored galatea at 12l/2 cents a
yard is very nice for children’s every¬
day clothes, as it is not so heavy as
real khaki cloth, while of the same soil-
resisting color. Little one-piece dresses
with bloomers to match will be admir¬
able for small girls, and save much
washing, while Russian or sailor suits
of galatea are always good for boys’
Summer wear. The girls’ khaki dresses
may have a piping of fast color, red or
blue if desired. Linen-finished cotton suit¬
ing and canvas-finished madras in
khaki color are 10 cents a yard; they
would probably shrink a little in the first
washing, but suggest themselves as very
practical for working or morning dresses
where a woman must go in and out from
house to garden or henyard. They are
not quite as heavy as the galatea.
*
A number of prominent English phy¬
sicians, including Sir Alfred Fripp, Sur¬
geon in Ordinary to King George, have
issued jointly a signed statement ex¬
pressing the opinion that there is a na¬
tional necessity that a standard be fixed
for nutritive value of what is sold as
bread, the same as is already established
for milk. The standardization of
bread, however, is the more important
as it forms about two-fifths of the weight
of the food of the working classes. The
signers said : “In view of the inferior
nourishing qualities of the white bread
commonly sold we urge legislation mak¬
ing it compulsory that all bread sold as
such should be made of unadulterated
wheat flour, containing at least eight per
cent of whole wheat, including the germ
and semolina.”
Care of Soapstone Griddle.
I read an inquiry about care of soap¬
stone griddles, on page 170. I had the
same trouble myself with soapstone grid¬
dle, tried rubbing salt on, which gave no
results; but after trying everything I
had heard of I decided to try washing it
in the dish water after washing break¬
fast dishes — and found it all right. I
have had no trouble since I adopted that
plan. Of course the proper heating of
the griddle is essential. mrs. j. t. d.
Crullers.
Will some one give me a recipe for mak¬
ing good crullers? t. j. k.
On page 170 is a recipe for doughnuts
which may meet the needs of the in¬
quirer, for we confess that we do not
know just where the dividing line be¬
tween doughnuts and crullers begins, ex¬
cept that doughnuts are cut in rings,
while crullers are twisted into odd
shapes. The following is a good recipe
for plain crullers : One tablespoonful of
melted butter, two heaping tablespoon¬
fuls sugar,' one egg, yolk and white
beaten separately; y2 saltspoonful cin¬
namon or mace, y2 saltspoonful salt;
flour enough to roll out. Roll, cut into
strips, and twist up ; fry in boiling fat.
Crullers are especially good if fried in
olive oil, the oil being used in making
them instead of butter. To y2 cup of
sugar add two tablespoonfuls of oil, two
beaten eggs, J4 teaspoonful of salt, %.
teaspoonful of cinnamon and a little nut¬
meg; add two cups of flour sifted with
two teaspoonfuls of baking powder, al¬
ternately with 54 CUP of milk. Roll out,
cut and fry as usual. In frying them
let the oil get just hot enough to smoke.
Crullers, Chocolate. — Two eggs beaten
until they are creamy and then beaten
into one cupful sugar, adding one table¬
spoonful melted butter, y2 teaspoonful
each of salt and cinnamon, one square
grated chocolate. Mix well and then add
one cupful sweet milk, three cupfuls of
flour sifted with two teaspoonfuls baking
powder. Roll out 54 inch thick, cut,
cook to a golden brown in smoking hot
fat. Roll in powdered sugar when cool.
’ Molasses Vinegar.
In an issue of your paper for the year
1909 there was a recipe for making vinegar
from molasses, signed by S. E. P. M. Will
you republish the recipe, as I have lost it?
G. W. J.
One quart baker’s yeast; one quart
sugar; one quart New Orleans molasses.
Stir thoroughly and add nine quarts soft
cold water. Stir well, and put into a
stoneware or glass vessel ; tie a thin
cloth over the mouth ; do not cork ; stand
in a warm (not hot) place. In three
weeks fermentation will be complete, all
impurities settling to the bottom, when
it should be poured off carefully into a
clean vessel. By “baker’s” yeast is
meant the mild pleasant-tasting fermen-
tive used by all bakers in the making
of bread before the existence of com¬
pressed yeast, and yet used by the frugal
housewife living far from compressed
yeast. If compressed yeast is used,
break a cake into small pieces, put it
into a vessel and pour over it a small
cupful of lukewarm water and let stand
until entirely dissolved, stirring occa¬
sionally. At the same time put into a
vessel that will contain about two gallons
a pint of flour and pour upon it about a
quart (not more) of scalding water.
Pour slowly and stir vigorously all the
time until all lumps have disappeared,
then beat well and let stand until cool.
Now add the dissolved yeast cake, and a
teaspoonful of salt, beat well, cover with
a cloth and stand in a warm place. Let
it rise 24 hours, stirring down in the
meantime a half d(5zen or more times.
By this time it will have done rising, and
you can proceed to make your vinegar,
using the measurements already given.
This vinegar is recommended as excel¬
lent in flavor.
Popovers.
I see that A. E. F. has trouble with
popovers being too moist in the middle.
I have good success with them, without
eggs ; use soda and cream of tartar or
baking powder according to the amount
of flour used, then mix stiff with good
sweet cream, not too rich, a little salt.
Bake in a hot oven, in gem pans.
c. B.
March 11,
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
ASK FOR
PRINTS
The reward of hard
work and valuable time
at dress-making should
be an enduring gown.
Simpson-Eddystone
Silver Grey Prints
•
are durable tub proof calicoes
that stand the rub because of
their well-woven cotton cloth
and deeply -dyed fast color.
Their tasteful designs add to
the value of these prints that
have been the standard since
1842.
I Show this advertisement to your
Idealer when you order, and don’t
laccept substitutes. If not in your
■ dealer's stock write us his name and
laddress. We’ll help him supply
lyou.
(The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philad’a
| Founded 1842 by Wm. Simpson Sr.
TAPESTRY RUG,
WOOL, 9x12 ft.,
Art Squares— 9 x 12
ft., *3.25 up. Fine
Smyrna Rugs— 9 x,
12 ft., *6.98. Mat¬
ting — from 13c a yard
up. Oil Cloth — 24c a
yard up. Linoleum — 41c
a sq. yard and up. Brus¬
sels Carpets — 40c a yard
up.
$7.48
Just think! Floor
coverings as fine
as can be made-
beautiful, long last-
ig, guaranteed, with
bright, fadeless colors—
at regular manufactur¬
er’s prices, one-third to
one-half less than retail!
We buy in big lots. You
know that saves money.
Roxborou|fi Rugs
Just as big bargains in
Body Brussels, Axmin-
sters, Velvets, Ingrains,
Wiltons, Rag Carpets,
Carpet Linings, Cocoa
Mats and Lace Curtains.
Talk about handsome
patterns! We have
them for parlor,
bedroom, dining
room and kitchen.
R0XB0R0UGH RUG CO
Get a postal right now,
and write for our hand¬
some illustrated cata¬
logue. It tells all about
each article and gives
you the exact low price.
Don’t put off writing!
You won't have to buy
unless you want to, but
by all means send for
the catalogue, and see
the low prices.
., Dept. 377 , Philadelphia, Pa.
wr.*» 'v.v,p-<
Wise foresight should
lead you to keep in the
cupboard a half dozen or
more handy packages of
Uneeda Biscuit
They won’t get broken, musty,
soiled or soggy like ordinary
soda crackers because their
crisp, clean freshness is
protected by the
moisture - proof
and dust- tight
package.
Never Sold
in Bulk
: : r; • •*•••: s* J*v**.i *i: ••
f^lrj^mpisture^proaf%
package
?*•:*:*£*•• • : ,'•*• *•*: *•: •*:£ : F • ; * ••*•.*•**•.**•' •' • • ‘/•Vy ’•••: *; v
NATIONAL BRKUrrfcOMPANYl
VrYffl^
.'.‘.'.'.M.IlDiJ.,
1911.
THS RURAL NEW-YORKER
327
The Rural Patterns.
W hen ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
The first group includes 6925, fancy-
coat for misses ^and small women, 14,
16 and 18 years, 4 yards of material 27
inches wide, 254 yards 44 or 2*4 yards 52
for 16 year size. 6938, fancy blouse,
with three-quarter, full or long plain
under sleeves 34 to 42 bust, 2/z yards of
material 27 inches wide, 1§4 yards 36,
1/4 yards 44, J4 yard 18 for collar and
cuffs 1 yard 18 for yoke and full under
sleeves, for medium size. 6922, work
apron, small 34 or 36, medium 38 or 40,
large 42 or 44, 5 yards of material 27
inches wide, 354 yards 36, 354 yards of
banding for mediuiy size. 6918, boys’
Russian blouse, 6 to 12 years, 3 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 2 yards 36- or
44 for 10 year size. 6916, square or
round sweeping caps with half sleeves,
one size; ij4 yards of material 27 inches
wide, 1% yard 36, for round cap with
half sleeves, 54 yard 27, 54 yard 36 for
half sleeves, 1 handkerchief 18 inches
square, 3 yards of ribbon for square cap.
The second group shows 6912, single
breasted coat, 34 to 42 bust, 454 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 254 yards 44, 2
yards 52, 54 yard velvet for medium size.
6911, plain shirt waist, 34 to 46 bust, 3*4
yards of material 27 inches wide, 2 yards
36, 154 yard 44, for medium size. 6518,
misses’ shirred dress, 14 and 16 years,
1054 yards of material 21 inches wide,
654 yards 32 or 4 54 yards 44 inch wide
with 6 yards of banding, 54 yard of all-
over lace, for the 16 year size. 6827,
straight gathered skirt for misses and
small women, 14, 16 and 18 years, 354
yards of material 27 or 36 inches wide,
254 yards 44, with 1 yard of contrasting
material 27 inches wide, for 16 year size.
6909, one-piece blouse for misses and
small women, 14, 16 and 18 years, 1§4
yards of material 27 inches wide, 1*4
yards 36 or 44 inch, 54 yard 20 inch
wide for trimming, for 16 year size.
Price of each pattern 10 cents.
Lenten Dishes.
Spaghetti Croquettes. — Break a quarter
of a pound of spaghetti into inch lengths,
cook in boiling salt water, drain, lay in
cold water until chilled, then drain again
in a colander. Cook together two table¬
spoonfuls of butter and flour, and when
they are blended add a cupful of milk.
When you have a smooth sauce stir into
it the cold spaghetti, a pinch of salt,
two tablespoonfuls of American cheese
(grated) and a beaten egg. Remove
at once from the fire, set the mixture
to cool and harden. With floured hands
form the paste into round balls, roll in
beaten egg, then in fine bread crumbs,
and set in a cool place for two hours
before frying.
Mock Duck. — Soak a pint of hominy
grits in a quart of cold water over
night in the top of double boiler; the
next morning place over water and cook
till tender and of the consistency of
rather thick mush. Arrange some of
this on a buttered baking pan in the
form of a duck and about an inch thick;
take three cups of mixed nuts, put
through chopper and mix into a dressing
with chopped hard boiled egg, minced
parsley and a little butter; arrange in
an oval mound on the hominy; baste over
with melted butter and beaten egg and
bake in moderate oven for an hour,
basting with butter and a little water.
Transfer to a hot dish and make a cream
sauce with the drippings in pan.
Custard Potatoes. — Boil one quart of
sliced potatoes in salted water with a
large sprig of parsley. The water should
be nearly evaporated when the potatoes
are done. Do not cook so long that
the slices lose their shape. Add about
one pint of milk to cover. When hot,
add one beaten egg mixed with a little
cold milk. Let boil up once, then add
pepper and butter, remove the parsley
and serve.
Sweet Cream Cookies. — Five cups of
flour, one heaping teaspoonful of soda,
two heaping teaspoonfuls of cream of
tartar, one teaspoon ful of salt. Sift all
together -and stir thoroughly. Into the
mixing bowl put two cups of sugar and
two cups of thick sweet cream, stir to¬
gether and add half of the prepared flour.
Then add the yolks of three eggs and
the white of one, well beaten ; flavor
with vanilla, and add enough more of
the prepared flour to roll softly; hake
in a quick oven. MRS. c. E. w.
Painting a Rogers Group.
A coat of gray paint of whatever
shade one desires will nicely renovate
the “Rogers group,” the information for
which Mrs. D. A. P. asks. I painted one
over about 10 years ago, and it still looks
fine, as the dust can be removed with a
damp cloth. e. k. h.
There is a lot of money spent in every family in
“dribs and drabs” which amounts to a very tidy sum at
the end of the year, but for which there is usually very
little to show.
Take your own “butter and egg” money for instance.
You spend it for little comforts and necessities, but it
is usually not enough to buy really big things. It
seems so small we call it “chicken-feed.”
Take the pin money of the city woman. She, too,
spends it for just little things — it goes for this and that,
leaving behind scarcely a trace of what it bought—
that’s why we call it “chicken-feed.”
Our purpose in this advertisement is to tell you
how the trifling pin money and the despised “chicken-
feed” can be made to buy really big things.
Now, by spending it right, it will purchase many a
useful and longed-for article that you have wanted for
years. We will show you how to turn your spare pen¬
nies into home comforts — how to make the “chicken-
feed” furnish your home.
Send for Our FREE Home-Lovers’ Bargain Book
Picturing 3,000 Bargains for the Home •
Bargains in Furniture, Carpets, Rugs, Draperies, Stoves and Ranges, Pianos, Silverware, China-
ware, Graphophones, Washing Machines, Sewing Machines, Lamps and Clocks, etc.
Our whole business is to buy and sell bargains in Housefurnishings. We go to manufacturers when they must unload and take
surplus stock off their bands._ We buy goods only when we are able to buy away below the regular cost.
We have a combined capital of $7,000,000, and we never have less than a million dollars ready for makers who must have money.
We are everywhere known as the largest concern in our line— every maker of housefurnishings who must sacrifice any first duality
stock knows that he can sell it to us. No surplus stock is too large for us to handle, for our customers are numbered by the hun¬
dreds ot thousands and no sum is too large for us to raise if the prices we can get are low enough.
There are hundreds of makers of housefurnishings who turn to us when they must unload some stock quickly and quietly
} cn articles shown in our Big Bargain Boob were purchased from over 180 makers. We absolutely guarantee to save vou from 15
to 50% on every article shown in our Bargain Book. J
A Harvest of Bargains
for You
We not only pick up unusual bargains for you,
but we sell them direct without any middleman’s
profit, without any expense save our Bargain
Book.
When these lines are sold regularly, the maker
pays salesmen to sell to the jobber, the jobber
pays salesmen to sell to the dealers, and the
dealers pay salesmen to sell them to you. Each
middleman adds his expense and profit and the
buyer has to foot the whole bill.
We not only buy at an under price but we sell
at minimum cost. There is only our one small
profit between the maker and you.
If some of our prices seem unbelievingly low,
please remember these facts: We bought the
goods low, sometimes away below cost— be¬
cause the makers had to unload— we save the
jobbers’ 15% selling expense and the dealers’
50% selling expense. We are selling you in the
cheapest possible way at the lowest possible
profits.
Cash or Credit —
One Price to All
But in addition to all the things we have told
you and here is where you can make the chicken
money furnish your home— if at any time you do
not have the ready cash to send in for an article
or a bill of goods you can have the amount
charged instead of paying the whole amount at
once. Merely send with your order a small first
payment of about 15% of the total amount and at
the end of 30 days, if you are perfectly satisfied
with the goods and intend to keep them, you be¬
gin paying for them in small monthly payments.
Now, you might think that by doing this, you
are not entitled to all the advantages of a cash
customer. But that’s not true. That’s just where
the beauty of the plan lies. It don’t make a bit
of difference to the Spiegel. May, Stern Co.
whether you paycash or pay as convenient. You
get exactly the samelowbargain prices on every¬
thing. You are extended the same generous
terms: you are allowed to buy on approval. You
have the privilege of returning the goods if you
don’t want to keep them. You are treated ex¬
actly the same whether you pay cash or pay as
convenient.
Mn fact, we would prefer to have you open an ac¬
count. About 6U% of our customers run such
charge accounts with us, and about 40% of them
pay cash. We are much closer to the people
who have accounts with us and we are more like¬
ly to keep on selling them, because the Spiegel,
May, Stern Co. stands out strongly in their
minds.
All Goods Sent on
30 Days* Approval
Whatever you order from our Bargain Book
will be sent to you on approval. You may use
it for a month before deciding to buy it. If it
isn’t such a bargain as you expected— if it isn't
in every way satisfactory— you may return it at
our expense, we will pay the freight both ways.
If you have paid cash for it, the whole sum
will be returned to you; if you paid part down,
what you paid will be sent back. If anything you
buy is not satisfactory, the trial will cost you not
a penny. r
This plan is for your protection. We realize that
our prices will often seem ridiculously low for
goods_ of first quality. You might hesitate to
order if you had to buy them unseeing. So we
send the goods to you to test and examine— to
compare with similar goods in your own stores.
We do not consider that the goods are bought
until you have a chance to do this. If you want
to return them you are welcome to do so with¬
out any cost or obligation.
You may be sure that the goods which we send
out in that way are the bargains which we
SPIEGEL, MAY, STERN CO., 1479 35th st., Chicago, Ill.
represent them. If they prove disappointing
they would cost us the sale, your good will
and cost us the freight both ways. We can¬
not afford to run such risks as that.
Our Vast Responsibilities
We publish in our Big Bargain Book let¬
ters from some of the biggest banks in the
country who certify to our responsibility.
We refer in addition to any bank orbusiness
bouse in Chicago. We refer you by special
permission to the following banks:
The National Bank of the Republic, Chi¬
cago, Ill.
Atlas National Bank of Cincinnati, O.
Bank of Commerce, St. Louis, Mo.
First National Bank of Kansas City, Mo.
Any bank in your own city will tell you wo
are amply responsible, so will any express
company or railroad agent.
Cut out this coupon and send
it to us, and the big Spring Bargain
Book — or Stove Book — or both —
will come by next mail. Please do
this before you forget it. • dom
Cut Out This Coupon
SPIEGEL, MAY, STERN CO.
_ 1479 35th Street, Chicago, Ill.
| 1 Mail me the Bargain Book.
□ Mail me the Stove Catalog.
Name
Postotfice
State _ _ _
I am particularly Interested in
1 I
*
I
I
*
*
!
i
328
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 11,
Live Stock and Dairy
THE OTHER SIDE OF “HORSE COM¬
PANIES.”
Mr. Otto States His Case.
An article appeared on page 89, en¬
titled “Our Farmers’ Horse Company,
How It Was Formed.” This article as
it appears is a great injustice to us,
as well as damaging to the horse in¬
dustry of the sections where it has
been distributed. We believe we are
entitled to space to refute the above
mentioned article. By showing the
other side at the same time, we will
bring in some of our representatives
for censure. According to Mr. Morse’s
representations, he was led to believe
that this horse he was buying a share
in would pay out from year to year as
his payments became due, and that the
company would keep the horse insured.
All this was misleading from his stand¬
point, and entirely uncalled for; how¬
ever, he doesn’t make it clear as to
which company was to insure, the pur¬
chasers or the seller, but think he was
led to believe that it was the import¬
ing company. This was wrong on the
part of the seller, as the insurance
clause in our guarantee reads, “The
purchaser may carry insurance on said
horse of $1,000, or more,” and that in
case of death or accident from any
cause, they may have from our stables
another horse of equal value for one-
half the price paid for said horse, and
that this clause shall remain in full
force until April 1, 1914, or whatever
date the last payment on note becomes
due. Perhaps Mr. Morse was misled
in this, anyway he got a wrong im¬
pression in this insurance. We are tak¬
ing one-half the risk, and this is straight
business. We are agents for an insur¬
ance company, and will write insurance
for those desiring it. I enclose insur¬
ance blank for you to look at. Judg¬
ing from the manner this article was
prepared, Mr. Morse must be a careful
level-headed man, but whoever goes
into a business proposition expecting
something for nothing, usually is disap¬
pointed. One thing in this proposition
was lost sight of entirely ; the improve¬
ment of the horse stock, which is at a
very low ebb in all the Eastern States.
In defence of Mr. Morse, I feel sure
that he did not need to be misled in
the matter, but would have taken a
share in this fine horse for the improve¬
ment of his stock and that of the neigh¬
borhood in general, and would not have
been wrought up to a point where his
imaginary grievances stimulated him to
write this article for the benefit of
others, as he says ; but in this he is
mistaken, as it will prove to be dam¬
aging to others, especially to those in¬
terested in the improvement of the horse
stock. In reference to the note, it is
not an ironclad note, but purely “I
promise to pay one-third in one year
irom April 1, 1911, one-third in one
year from April 1, 1912, and one-third
in one year from April 1, 1913.” A
good aged horse at $20, to insure with
good management, will pay out in three
years.
Now let us see about the indirect
profits that have never been brought
into this matter: Take the small far¬
mer with one pair of mares, with a
Share of $200 in such a horse as Mr.
Morse says they have bought from us.
When the first note is due, besides the
earnings of the horse, he has two colts
in sight worth $100 each, with his
mares bred again. At the end of the
next year he has one pair of yearlings
worth $135 to $150 each, with two
sucklings and mares bred again. At the
end of the third year he has one pair
of two-year-olds, almost fit for a team,
worth $300 at a low estimate; a pair
of yearlings worth at a low estimate
$250, and a pair of sucklings worth $200,
and his mares bred again. With good
luck on the improvement plan you have
$750, besides the earnings of the horse,
and you may go on from year to year
with the colts growing in value faster
as they grow older. For feed and any
bad luck, cut this in two in the middle ;
you have left $375, and your share of
stock, which is still worth all it. cost.
I have been through the mill and
know. We once sold a Belgian to some
farmers with run-down mares for
$2,600.' They had misgivings over the
paying out problem. We agreed to
take 13 colts, one from each share¬
holder, at $100 each at five months old.
The 13 colts were delivered, and we
are now selling them at $400 to $500 a
pair at three years old past. Some of
them did work on the farm last year.
The foundation of our present business
was established in 1878, by owning five
$100 shares in a stallion. I never re¬
ceived a cash dividend nor paid an as¬
sessment, and he made me thousands
of dollars’ worth of colts. I bred my
interest out. We could not have access
to a good horse only on the company
plan, as no individual will buy a high-
priced horse. In my own little town,
three years ago, we sold to 14 farmers
a German Coach horse for $2,800 ; since
we have loaned them one Belgian and
sold them one. They are now earning
nice dividends, besides filling up the
country with nice colts, which already
begin to attract the buyers. We have
sold company horses in about every
town in our county and many in ad¬
joining counties, which ought to be evi¬
dence of square dealing and successful
enterprise. The farmers’ horse com¬
panies throughout the West and Mid¬
dle States have done more to put the
horse industry on a paying basis than
all others. They have brought about
the stallion laws in nearly every State,
requiring stallions to be examined by a
State examining board for confirmation
and soundness, disqualifying for un¬
soundness, and also eradicating grades
and scrubs. In many States they must
earn their living by drawing the plow. I
think, on investigation, you will bear me
out in the statement, that the stallion
business is in the hands of the good
farmers and the importers. The old-
time stallioner with his cheap stuff
peddling about is a thing of the past.
Whoever heard of a man buying a farm,
a store, or a factory without paying a
cent down, and have it pay out without
an effort? I am sincere when I say
that I believe that a farmers’ horse
company will give quicker results and
come nearer paying out than any other
legitimate business. If I was sure of
space I could give plenty of statements
from horse companies that would bear
me out in what I say, and more too.
w. B. OTTO.
SILAGE AND TUBERCULOSIS.
At intervals some one starts up to
prove that silage is a dangerous food
for stock. The latest outbreak of this
sort occurred last October, when the
following stuff appeared in “The Spring-
field Republican” :
Danger in the Silo ?
There has been considerable written and
said in regard to tuberculosis, and I feel
that the time has come for me to say some¬
thing. I wish to ask these questions : To
what extent were cattle afflicted with tuber¬
culosis previous to the use of silage? I be¬
lieve it to be a common practice for dairy¬
men who keep hogs to throw the refuse of
the silo and the manger into the pigpen,
hence the hogs die with tuberculosis. But
how many horses do you hear of that die
with the disease? Why their immunity?
Horses are not fed silage. I sincerely be¬
lieve that the modern silo is a death trap
to man and beast. I could write a great
deal on this subject, but will let the above
suffice for a hint. Awake and think.
CLIFFORD H. SHERMAN.
We wrote at once to Mr. Sherman
that we are awake and trying to think.
Since he “could write a great deal on
the subject’’ we would be pleased to
have him give a few facts. We have
never heard a word from him. The fol¬
lowing note from Dr. Alexander is suffi¬
cient answer to such “wisdom” :
Tuberculosis can only be caused by the
bacillus of tuberculosis. It can no more
be caused by anything else than a crop of
corn grow from anything but seed corn.
Silage cannot cause tuberculosis any more
than it could cause smallpox, scarlet fever,
influenza or any other germ disease. Horses
are not subject to tuberculosis. The silo
and well-made silage are the greatest pos¬
sible help to dairy farmers everywhere. In
Wisconsin silos are making dairying pos¬
sible and highly profitable where previous
to their introduction the business was pre¬
carious. What a pity it is that men will
write even the above amount of absolute
rot; but where ignorance is bliss, ’tis folly
to be wise. a. s. a.
Dairymen, Take a Look at the
STRITE GOVERNOR PULLEY
—————— —a—
It* the original and •* only
thine for driving: cream sep¬
arators with gasoline en¬
gines. Once triad, always
used. TRY ON K. Ask your
denier for a “STRITE” or
write us direct. Don’t take
an imitation.
Strite Governor Pulley Co.
357 South Third Street
Minneapolis, Minn.
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the
PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Dumping Caldron. Empties
its kettleinone minute. Thesimplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food forstock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water and
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog
Scalders, Caldrons. etc. SS^”Sen9
for particulars and ask for cinulan J
D. K. SPERRY & 00., Bat ,via, Hi,
OHELD0N FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
d Bred Sows. Service Boars Best of breeding.
C. K. BAUNES. Oxford, N. V.
Robinson’s HOLSTF.INS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON. Edmeston, N. Y.
Millr ProrltTcnrc for New York City market
lTllllv r 1 UUUOCl h desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville, N. Y.
MARK m
frjiistersr^- . U. S.PAT. (
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS
Protein 30- 33%
Fat 11%
Carbohydrates 30-40%
Fibre '
Flakes
AJAX FLAKES had hardly been
placed on the market before breeders
testing for records discovered that
there was something about it that
made more milk, and even now breed¬
ers write us,— I want to test my cows
but cannot without
AJAX FLAKES
We know why it made all these wonderful
records — it is very digestible and easily di¬
gested — it contains more production value (or
net results) than any other American feed.
It contains large and ample amounts of di¬
gestible protein, and is liked so well by all
cows, they eat the amounts necessary to make
large yields — it is absolutely safe even when
fed alone — its cost is always reasonable.
Write us what you are now feeding," and we
will show you how to g'et results.
CHAPIN & CO„ Dept. A,
Buffalo, N. Y.
SWIKTE
DAIRY CATTLE
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES.-TPhrfze„0^
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow In July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON. Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern’s Jubi¬
lee still heads the herd. What do you want ?
Will also sell full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. Y.
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
tlie highest quality aud breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICKS . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-Special Offering
L of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
up. They should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity. H.. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
f ‘The
Guernseys
Lave proven them¬
selves
Highest Qu&Jity and Best Color
.
A BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PIG given for a
A few hours of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., Fannettsburg, Pa,
The prepotency of the Guernsey Bull or his
ability to stamp the desirable characteristics of the
breed on his offspring
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders booked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
Makes him most valuable for improving the
common dairy stock of any section.
A Dairy of Grade Guernseys will give Rich,
Fine-Flavored, High-Colored Milk,
Cream and Butter. '
FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THE GRADE
GUERNSEYS BY ADDRESSING
The American Guernsey Cattle Club
Box R PETERBORO, 25". II.
Q0METHING NICE— Duroc Jersey Swine, Partrilge
0 and Golden Rock Chickens. Bourbon Red
Turkevs, Embden Geese, Crested White Ducks.
J. H. LEWIS. R. No. 2. Cadiz. Ohio.
nilDDPQ THE BI6< dkkp fellows
IPUnUUO that grow and mature quickly.
Pigs and Gilts for sale at all times.
SHENANGO RIVER FARMS, Transfer, Pa.
ICDOCVP- Combination and Golden Lad; for
JttloLlo sale, 2 cows, 7 heifers, 3 bulls.
1 v S. E. NIVIN. Landenburg, Pa.
LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS
Am now booking orders for 6 week old Pigs, Regis¬
tered, at $15.00 per pair. If you are looking for the
genuine Bacon Hog, try a pair this spring. Address
HILLHURST FARM, Orchard Park, N. Y.
Breed Up-Not DownT^r^X’
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. II. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Maple Hurst Stock Farms, Builford Conn ..offer ; the fol-
r ■ lowing Gilt Edge Stock for
sale. One magnificent Y earling Guernsey Bull (reg¬
istered) ; one full blooded Jersey Bull (registered).
Dams of both extra heavy producers. Jersey
Sire, Hood Farm Pogis; Guernsey sire. Fantim’s
Zac Taylor (imported). One registered Berkshire
Boar 5 mos. old, perfect form and breeding cannot
be beat. One Chester White Boar 9 mos. old, puro
bred, quick and sure, an exceptional animal, prico
right. 12 Single and Double Comb R. I. Red Cock¬
erels $3.00 each (Tuttle Strain). Bred for utility as
well as beauty. Full blooded Imperial Pekin Duck
Eggs for hatching $1.00 per 13 — $6.00 per hundred.
Full blooded S. and D. C. R. I. Red Eggs for hatch¬
ing. Guaranteed 100£ fertility from our Utility Pens.
$1.00 per 10 — $4.00 per hundred. The above stock is
guaranteed to be pure bred and the price is right.
| Horses and 3VExxlos
THE PERCIIERON SOCIETY
OF AMERICA
Has just taken over all records and business
of Percheron ltegistery Company of Colum¬
bus, Ohio. 215 breeders took membership in
P. S. of A. during Dec. and January alone.
137 more new members added thru recent ac¬
quirement named above. There is now but one
recognized Society in the United States record¬
ing Percherons. For information address:
WAYNE DINSM0RE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, III.
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Percheron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from $301) up, mares
from $400 up. Address all correspondence to
O. N. WILSON, Kittanning, Pa.
To Avoid Inbreeding, We Will Sell Our
HKRD BULL
AMERICA DE KOL BURKE.
A great son of the great Do Kol Burke. It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree.
Several young calves out of A. R.O. dams for sale.
CLOVEltDALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Lunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
Pn Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
0U at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
7;i HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
«*UCTI lUn Unceasing source of pleasure
| LA HU and robust health to children.
_ ^ __ _ _ ^ Ideal playmates. Safe, luox-
DflMlh^ pensive to keep. Stallions aud
■ U lalk w mares for breeding. Complete
outfits Illustrated catalog
free. BELLE MEADE FARM, DEPT. S, MARKHAM, VA.
DOGS
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI AN ASS’N OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON. SEC' Y, BOX 105. BRATTLEBORO.VT.
PHI 1" 1C D 1 1 DC -From imported stock. Females
uULLIL lUrOcheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
CCOTCH CO LI, IKS, Spayed Females, two to
“ eight mos. Oirc. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa
Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
Mo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1 8 OIL
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
329 *
TWO COMMISSION HOUSE BILLS.
Two bills arc now before the Legislature
at Albany, designed to aid in regulating the
• commission business. Both were introduced
by Mr. Collin. We shall refer to them by
their Assembly number.
No. 590.
This is a bill to amend the agricultural
law. It provides that the Commissioner of
Agriculture shall collect information rela¬
tive to agriculture and “the markets for
agricultural products.” It then states :
“All persons, Arms and corporations in
this State receiving farm produce for sale
on commission shall keep a correct record
of the amount and kinds of such product so
received and of the sales thereof and the
prices received therefor, together with the
dates of receipt and sale and the names
and addresses of the shipper and purchaser,
which said record shall be open to the in¬
spection of the shipper or consignor of such
goods and to the commissioner of agricul¬
ture or his duly authorized representative.
“The Commissioner of Agriculture shall
have general supervision over all sales on
commission within this State of all kinds
of farm produce, and he shall investigate
complaints relating to the transportation,
handling and sale of such produce. He
shall have power to compel, by subpoena, the
attendance of witnesses and the production
of books, papers and documents, to adm'n-
ister oaths and take testimony under oath,
and generally to secure evidence on any
matter relating to the transportation, hand¬
ling and sale on commission of all farm
produce within this State. Neglect or re¬
fusal to obey such subpoena shall be punish¬
able by any ciyil court of record, the same
as though said subpoena had been issued by
said court.
“This act shall take effect immediately.”
NO. 595.
This bill provides for licensing and bond¬
ing commission men as follows :
“All persons, firms, associations and
corporations in this State, receiving farm
produce for sale on commission, shall on
or before the first day of July in each year
apply to the Commissioner of Agriculture
for a license to do a commission business
in farm produce. Such application shall
state the kind or kinds of produce intended
to be handled, and shall be in such form
and shall state such facts as the Commis¬
sioner of Agriculture shall prescribe. The
Commissioner of Agriculture shall issue to
each such applicant a license entitling the
applicant to conduct the business of re¬
ceiving and selling farm products on com¬
mission until the first day of July next
following. Provided, however, that before
such license shall be issued said applicant
shall execute and give to the Commissioner
of Agriculture a bond, with satisfactory
sureties, in the sum of ten thousand dol¬
lars to secure the payment of all sums due
and owing to persons within this State
consigning farm produce to such applicant
or person for sale on Commission. Any
consignor of such goods to any such com¬
mission merchant is hereby empowered and
authorized to bring action upon such bond,
so given, in any court of competent juris¬
diction for the recovery of any sum or
sums due such consignor by such commis¬
sion merchant which has been due, owing
and unpaid for a period of thirty days. On
and after the first day of July, 1911, it
shall be unlawful for any person, firm, as¬
sociation or corporation to receive, sell or
offer for sale on commission within this
State any kind of farm produce without a
license as herein provided, and any viola¬
tion of this section shall be a misdemeanor.
“This act shall take effect immediately.”
THE GRANGE AND CANADIAN “RE¬
CIPROCITY.”
“Is the Grange position on Canadian reci¬
procity right or wrong?”
It is right.
“If right, how shall we reconcile the po¬
sition taken by Secretary Wilson?”
It is irreconcilable; because according to
Secretary Wilson’s report, in discussing the
high cost of living, he says that it is not
because of the high prices paid to farmers,
as the farmer gets the minor fraction of the
consumer's dollar. This being the case it
is illogical to cut another slice off the tann¬
er's dollar and not provide that that re¬
duction be carried to the consumer, because
making wheat free must reduce the price
paid the farmer, but retaining a duty upon
flour must preserve the present price to the
consumer ; the same condition prevails
through all the schedule as it is now pre¬
sented ; hence the Grange position is right,
because it is aimed to retain the little
protection the farmer now enjoys, until
such time as its removal may be so com¬
plete as to be of advarftage to the con¬
suming public, which the present treaty
wholly fails to do, or even promises to do.
The Grange position is right, because if
the treaty is ratified, as it now stands,
without the farmer getting some benefits
from the Canadian agreement, he would be
shut out absolutely, as he could not hope
to be better treated on a general revision.
Two great schools of thought have con¬
tended over the tariff schedule of this coun¬
try ; protection for the business interests
and free commercial relations with all na¬
tions. These principles we are not now dis¬
cussing, but Canadian reciprocity, as now
pending belongs to neither; it is a miser¬
able apology by protectionists that their
theory in the past has been wrong and they
must make discriminations for the favored
few. It is not free trade, as it makes free
the finished products of one class and re¬
tains protection on all other classes. The
free trader who stands for this treaty, be¬
lies his position and shows that he is not
honest in his contentions.
The farmer has tolerated the unjust dis¬
criminations against his business, because
of his honest belief that the whole country
was benefited, not for a moment conced¬
ing that his business was proportionally
protected by the present schedule of tariff
rates on agricultural products, but when it
comes to strike that protection off from
the only nation, that does or can to any
appreciable extent compete with him he
revolts. The Grange position is right, be¬
cause it does not teach the assassin's
method of a stab in the back, to redress
a wrong, fancied or real, after it has been
committed, but rather believes in a fair
fight with ample warning as to results, that
they will not tolerate this awful injus¬
tice ; this treaty strikes a blow at the great
agricultural interests of America, and in
the arguments in Canada it is only made
tolerant by the fact that Canada is a great
agricultural nation, and this movement is
intended to give the Canadian farmer the
full benefits of American markets and
American prosperity, and the American
farmer will return that blow when oppor¬
tunity presents itself. That party or states¬
man will rue the day, when by his vote, he
shall have alienated the respect and the
confidence of the American farmer, by this
unwise, unfair and grossly discriminating
treaty. The argument that American farms
will soon be unable to feed the rapidly in¬
creasing population is absolutely fallaci¬
ous, for American agriculture is concedodly
far short of her possible production, as per
Secretary Wilson’s report of abandoned
farms, and farms inadequately tilled.
Should it not rather be the true American
policy to encourage and build up her agri¬
culture rather than to tear down and dis¬
courage the same? This the Grange stands
for and will ever continue to do ; this is
why the Grange contends with all its might
against a measure that is intended to de¬
mean, to cheapen and belittle American
agriculture.
w. N. GILES.
Secretary Yew York State Grange.
SrLLTz. — In reply to W. B. D., Lincoln,
N. J., I have grown emmer or speltz on a
small scale. I bought two bushels last sea¬
son, got it late in April, sowed it April 29,
cme acre, and harvested 30 bushels. I have
fed a little to pigs, chickens and horse, and
they seem to be very fond of it. They will
leave other feed for it. I expect to plant
about three acres this season, and get it in
early. It ripens about the same time as
oats. h. j. a.
Dishorning. — As to dishorning cows at
one year old, as mentioned by a correspond¬
ent in The R. N.-Y,, it is far more humane
and more quickly done to apply a moistened
end of stick caustic potash to the budding
horn of calf a few weeks old, and repeat
if necessary. The calf will never have
horns and have a more symmetrical head
than if horns are sawed off later. Prun¬
ing shears on a six-months calf will answer.
Oakland City, Ind. l. s. t.
The Birds. — Two years ago a pair of
song sparrows built their nest in a clump
of meadowsweet bushes near my currant
patch. That year I wasn't troubled with
many currant worms. While the birds were
sitting a few worms thrived, but after the
young birds hatched the demand for the
worms was greater than the supply. They
would sit in a row on. the fence and wait
for their parents to bring the worms to
them. Last year the neighbor’s cats
frightened the birds away and I was
obliged to spray my currant bushes. I wish
The It. N.-Y. readers showed more interest
in the birds that are so necessary to agri-
The Massachusetts Creamery Association
and the Connecticut Valley Breeders’ Asso¬
ciation are co-op-u-ating with the Massa¬
chusetts Agricultural College to make
March 15 a big dairy day during “Farm¬
ers' Week.” A milk and butter exhibit will
be held and gold, silver and bronze medals
will be awarded. All entries must be made
by residents of Massachusetts and the ex¬
hibits must be produced in Massachusetts.
Owing to the difficulty of the managements
getting into touch with the dairy butter
and market milk oroducers it is hoped chat
they will write to Prof. W. P. B. Liekwood,
Massachusetts Agricultural College, Am¬
herst, Mass., for further information.
Farmers’ Insurance. — Thinking that the
readers of The It. N.-YU might be interested
in farmers’ insurance companies, I will tell
of the one we have here. The Farmers’
Mutual Insurance Co. of Armstrong Town¬
ship, Indiana Co., Pa., was organized in
1875, 35 years in operation now. It was
organized by the farmers of Armstrong
Township. The policy holders meet once
a year to elect 12 men of their number
managers for the company for the year ; the
managers then meet and organize by elect¬
ing a president, secretary, assessor and
treasurer. Farm property only Is insured ;
buildings can be insured for two-thirds
value, contents full value. In the 35 years
the company has paid for fire loss $11,966,
and has cost the policy holders 47% mills,
or an average of about 1 1-3 mills yearly.
When a fire occurs an appraisement is
made of the loss and an assessment made
on all policies to cover loss. r. h. c.
Indiana, Pa.
Standard
WORM
POWDER
POUN n *»
— POUNDS
Standard
POULTRY
FOOD
Standard
STOCK
DIP
Smhmb
RlStCT
POWDCK
'•mrnmfm
I am putting a quarter of a century of
business experience as a manufacturer of Stock
Food and Veterinary remedies behind this free
offer. I know tnat I am manufacturing Stock
Food and Veterinaiy Remedies which are above
the class of goods which can be found elsewhere.
I know this because I know that I insist upon
the absolute purity— because I insist upon put¬
ting those things into my goods which are put
there to make the stock thrifty.
My goods, w hen used as they should be,
will give you big returns on your investment.
This has been demonstrated again and again —
thousands of times. I am backing this with a
positive guarantee on every article.
Now will you accept the goods shown on this
page free— free without a cent of expense to
you? I say to you that you will never be asked
to pay one cent of money for these goods. I am
giving them to you for introductory purposes. I
want to show you that the Standard line has
no equal. I want to get you started on the
Standard line. I am acting just as you would
act under the circumstances. If you had some¬
thing which you knew to be better than any
other thing of the kind ever made, and you
wanted people to know about it quick, you would
give them- some of it so they would know, and so
they would tell their friends. That is just what
I am doing. Will you mail me the free coupon
over on the other side — mail it today.
F. E. Sanborn, Pres. Standard Stock Food Co.
I Will Give You All These Highest
Quality Articles and This [jgp~
Magnificent Brass Trimmed
Cabinet Positively Without Cost
List of FREE Goods send
No
Money
Send
Coupon
Regular
Price
1 gallon can Standard Stock Dip . . . $1 25
1 2-lb. box Standard Horse Worm Powder . 50
1 bottle Standard Stock Liniment . 50
1 bottle Standard Colic Remedy . . 1.00
1 box Standard Veterinary Salve . 50
1 box Standard Gall Salve . 25
1 box Standard Heave Powder . 50
1 bottle Standard Pine Tar Extract . 50
1 bottle Standard Spavin Paste . 1.00
1 one-quart can Standard Fly Shy . 35
1 one-half gallon can Standard Lice Killer . 65
1 box Standard Insect Powder . 35
1 5 !/2lb. box Standard Poultry Food. . . 50
1 4-lb. box Standard Hog Worm Powder . 1.00
1 Redwood Brass Trimmed Cabinet . 3.20
Only One Cabinet Sent
This fine cabinet and
preparations are given
offers — an
18 preparations 1
to flsiv One Person onIy once to any
1 H 1 Cl OUI1 one person. Remem¬
ber, this is an offer for introductory purposes only. We
give you these free goods so you will know the value of
Standard Stock Food Preparations. Don’t delay about
sending the coupon for this greatest of all
Total cash value of FREE goods . . . $12.00 offer never equaled before.
All of the 14 above regular size * ■ ■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■»
preparations, together with cabinet J FREE CABINET COUPON
■ .,.Gentl«men.:~You may send me prepaid free certificate good for one Redwood Camnet as described filled
H S1fecl Packages of Standard Veterinary Remedies in connection with your special introductory’ offer
all of the actual cash value of $12.00. Hus puts me under absolutely no obligations whatever and I mi never ta
■ pay you anything at anytime for these free goods or the Redwood Cabinet 4110 1 m 1 cvex to
are yours without paying us one cent.
Send for the FREE Coupon
Standard Stock Food Co., Dept. 3583, °NEB.A’
My Name .
Postoffice . State .
R. F. D. No..
I1 owT“ . ..........horses...... . cattle . cows. . hogs . sheep Poultrv
Here is the name and address of the dealer where 1 usually buy my veterinary remediw.' stock fSdT
Pealer’s Name.
..Town. ...
330
March 11,
POTATO FLEA-BEETLE.
It appears to be a law of nature, if
nature can be said to be governed by any
law, where men become specialists in the
growing of a few particular crops and
grow these intensively, that some disease
or insect pest must become a constant
menace to the crop. That is, the growing
of a crop on a large scale continuously
every year and frequently throughout the
entire growing season usually furnishes
conditions for the greatest increase and
highest development for some particular
pest of that crop. This is 'especially true
of the potato flea-beetle, an insect which
under natural conditions feeds and breeds
on various weeds which grow around mar¬
gins of fields and along roadsides. Prob¬
ably there is no section along the At¬
lantic sea-board where this little, insig¬
nificant beetle has developed into such a
pest as on Long Island, where both early
and late potatoes are grown, or where if
only late potatoes are grown they are
planted early.
The adult beetles hibernate principally
in hedge-rows and wood-lots, or even in
the ground in open fields where there is
rubbish of any sort to furnish a partial
protection. They usually leave their Win¬
ter quarters about the same time as does
the potato “bug,” showing up first on the
south or sunny side of hedges and woods.
Unlike the potato beetle, if potatoes are
not up, instead of starving they are able
to subsist on various weeds which start
early or even on clovers. They are experts
on the wing, and can fly long distances.
As the potatoes show above ground this
pest congregates where the soil is the
lightest, usually these spots are the high¬
est and driest. The beetles gather here
apparently, not bcause the potatoes come
up on these spots first, out because they
are warm and dry. Here the beetles can
feed and pair during the middle of the
day, and at night crawl into the loose
soil.
From the fact that the beetles come
from protected spots first while those
which have wintered in more exposed situ¬
ations issue later, we frequently see the
old beetles feeding from the middle of
May to July first. Generally they are most
numerous from June 1-10. When feeding
the fiia-beetle bites a hole through the skin
or dermis of a leaf and eats out the green
tissues within the same. The injury from
this method of feeding is not as noticeable
early in the season, when injured leaves
are rapidly replaced by new ones, as when
the new brood appears in July and feeds
principally on the top leaves. At that
time the tubers are fast making and fre¬
quently a drought period is on, as a re¬
sult the injured leaves dry up rapidly
and a potato field soon looks as if the
tops had been scorched by fire.
Soon after the beetles commence feeding
in the Spring the females deposit eggs on
and in the soil around the plants. The
grub or larva that hatches from the egg
resembles a miniature wireworm, differing
only in that the head is the same color
as that of the wireworm, while the body
is white. The larva; feed on the roots, un¬
derground stems, and the tubers of the
potato. When feeding on the tubers they
burrow directly into the same at right
angles to the surface. When full grown
the larva? are only about one-fourth inch
in length, and this is the usual depth of
the hole they eat into the tuber. The
tuber always endeavors to heal where the
larva; bore into it, the result being the
formation of a corky tube or “sliver” in
the flesh of the potato. These “slivers”
always show when the potatoes are peeled,
when boiled with the jackets on the “sliv¬
ers” pull out as the skin is removed.
Under ordinary conditions this is the only
noticeable injury to the tubers; but if the
“slivers” are formed at the right stage
in the development of the tuber, or under
certain weather conditions, the tubers not
only form the “sliver” but also a corky
wart over the hole where the grub feed.
The result is what are called “pimply
potatoes.” When the latter condition oc¬
curs the buyer "sits up and takes notice.”
Frequently these “pimply”* potatoes do not
mature, hence do not cook well, so pota¬
toes showing “pimples” must go at a loss
with the scabby stock. When full grown
the larva; leave the tubers and form small
earthen cells, within which they change
from a grub to a pupa and then to the
adult beetle. The major portion of the
new brood (in this section there is only
one brood each year) comes out of the
ground about July 10, feed ravenously for
a few days, then scatter, and feed miscel-
laneouslv until time to crawl away for
the Winter. As only the beetles are seen
working on the tops of the potato, also
tomato, one is apt to think this the only
damage they do. In sections where early
potatoes are grown only the injury done
by the old beetles in the .Spring is very
marked, as the vines of the early potato
are often nearly mature when the new
brood of beetles issues from the ground
and the injury is less noticeable, or they
feed less on such vines and soon migrate
to other plants. They are more often
found feeding on the underside of the
leaves than on top, although at times
they prefer to be in the sun and feed
from the upper surface of the leaves.
They usually avoid feeding on dirty
leaves ; as a result one will often see vines
adjoining a dusty road quite free of the
pest, but close examination will often
show them at work on the lower pro¬
tected leaves and branches. Dusting the
plants with hydrated lime, road dust or
tobacco dust will often drive them from
the top leaves and give temporary relief.
Thorough and frequent spraying with
Bordeaux Mixture gives better results than
any of the above substances, but if the
beetles cannot find unprotected plants
nearbv they soon return to the treated
plants and feed from the underside of the
leaves, and on parts of the plant that
have not been reached by the spray.
As a result of these habits we have a
potato .pest that is not only difficult to
control, but one that is injuring potato
tops soon after they come through the
ground ; again in July, when there is not
onlv considerable heat but often a dry
period and hot winds. In the interval be-
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
tween the two periods of attack on the above other farms around this neighbor-
foliage they are feeding on the tubers as hood to more than make the difference,
larva; and causing two types of injury. Where I had been farming I paid $125 privi-
The question arises, why not poison them lege for house, barn, pasture, etc., and
with arsenate of lead or Paris green? divided all crops in half on the farm, which
Their habit of feeding without eating any is a very good way to farm, but is bet-
or very little of the dermis of a leaf ter for landlord than tenant. There are
makes poisoning impossible. I have ex- two classes of tenants and landlords in
amined fields where all sorts of poisons this ral't of the State satisfied and dis¬
have been used, never finding but few satisfied. There are more dissatisfied than
dead beetles, which probably died a nat- otherwise. The dissatisfied landlord does
ural death. I have seen large numbers not improve his farm, and, therefore, loses
of the beetles fall from the vines when a good tenant and takes a poor one, which,
sprayed with soap solutions, with kero- in turn, is a dissatisfied tenant, and after
sene emulsion, and with dilute “soluble one year's work moves again to something
oil.” The two latter substances injured no better. The satisfied class generally re-
the potato vines, but when the beetles main for a term of years on one farm, or
were gathered and placed on paper in the until able to buy a home of their own. Here
sun they soon recovered and flew away, are about the correct figures of a cash-
fit is a difficult matter to smother “hard- rented farm which is the most popular way
shelled” beetles.) I have used sticky of renting in this locality:
shields worked on the same principal as 200 acreg at $5 ^ acre . .$1,000.00
those used for leaf-hoppers on giapes. Al- «pwo hundred acres, at $5 per
though quantities of the beetles were . $1 000 00
caught, they appeared to be just as thick T men 'for 5 months', 'at $20 per ’
on the plants shortly after the shield had month 200 00
passed as they were before With im- Harvesting crops,’ 75 acres’ corn,' 35
gSTbe ol some^valueT'but^the WgSt «•» 40 «*» ' 32“°°
SSUf XrS'iff one* time° w i nh make' "the . ^■525 00
use of a beetle catcher expensive, as it Seventy-five acres corn, 40 bushels
would be necessary to keep the same per acre, at 40 cents per bushel . $1,200.00
going for a period of 10 days or two Thirty-five acres wheat, 15 bushels
weeks. Thus far thorough spraying with per acre, at 90 cents per bushel 472.50
Bordeaux Mixture appears to be the most Forty acres hay, 1 1-2 tons per
satisfactory deterrent to keep them from acre, at $10 per ton . 600.00
doing the most damage to the essential - - -
part of the plant, viz., the growing top. Total . $2,272.50
At the same time it is often necessary to This ioavos a profit of $747.50 and 50
use this mixture as a fungicide in many acres for pasture, truck, etc., which is an
sections; hence growers do not feel the avcrage of the farms in this locality. This
expense of treatment as they would If yields the landlord $252.50 more than the
used for the flea-beetle alone. In case of tenant. The same farm I have rented last
tomatoes it is not a difficult task to keep ac. follows-
them thoroughly sprayed in beds and , _ . _ _ , m
flats. When lifted for transplanting they §}xJy'5ve ,acres, P®stuie to tenant . ., -oO.OO
can be dipped into the Bordeaux Mixture Sixty-four acres coin, •> M
and all parts so thoroughly covered the bushels; l-~ to landlord, at 40
flea-beetle will not disturb them until they cents . iuu.ou
have recovered from the shock of trans- Forty-three acres wheat,
plant'ng and commenced to grow. bushels; 1-2 to landloid, at JG
® ' ' _ ' ' Twenty -eight acres meadow, 56
tons; 1-2 to landlord, at $12.50. 350.00
Tenant System in Ohio. -
,, . , Total received by landlord. . .$1,661.76
S«*e«Vr „ Tenant's expenses were as follows^ ^
!&£SS i! SAS'irr.' « V.q:q»
200 acres, finely improved and well drained, . . _ _ t7-n
paying $6.50 per acre rent. Any good Total expense . . 0
farmer could be satisfied with this farm un- Total value of his share of crop, $1,-
less it be from the standpoint of high rent, 411.76; leaving a profit of $661.76.
but the landlord keeps it in repair enough London, Ohio. C. o. T.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
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MORE AND BETTER CORN,” is a 40-page booklet,
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ALFALFA
Its Seeding, Culture and Curing, by one of the high¬
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DISC HARROWS
v
The Disc Harrow is the most necessary tool on the
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arc just beginning to be understood.
The DEERE MODEL B. Disc Harrows control the
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the MODEL B. in particular.
. REMEMBER, it is the only spring-pres-
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If you have ten or more acres of hay. you
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A machine of this kind comes in mighty handy
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FARMERS’ POCKET LEDGER
The Farmers’ Pocket Ledger is a new, dur-
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Address
DEERE & MANSUR CO.
Moline, Illinois
Most accurate
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1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
R31
HANDLING A COLT.
Some people never handle a colt at
all until he is old enough to break, say
three years old; not so with me. When
the colt is nine or 10 days old I catch
him and put on a halter with a good
strong hitch rope; now have some one
lead its mother away, say 20 feet, then
if colt does not follow, come back
nearer until colt will follow its mother
wherever she goes. When this is ac¬
complished, shut the dam in stable and
after a short time the colt will lead
anywhere, and they never forget the les¬
son. I always keep a small box in box
stall and when feeding mare always put
grain in box for colt ; in a very short
time they will learn to eat. Right here
is where lots of men make a big mis¬
take , always grain a colt the first year,
for the first year means the growth of
the colt, and they always will go on
after that and do well until they have
their full growth. Be sure to hold the
colt when catching him. Of course they
will try their best to get away, but the
minute they find they are not going to
be hurt, your troubles are over. I try
to rein-break my colts when they are one
year old, then let them run until coming
three years old, when I begin to drive
them, short drives at first, and as their
muscles harden I use them more. In
this way when they are four years old
I can use them anywhere I care to, and
not be afraid of getting in trouble with
a clumsy colt. Before I begin to rein¬
drive a colt I always put a Comanche
bridle on him, made as follows : Take
a small cord about 16 feet long; tie the
end around the neck firmly so that it
cannot slip, then double your cord, plac¬
ing it under the neck from the shoulder
to the mouth. Now step to the side, of
your horse and say “Come here,” at the
same time giving him a sharp jerk, and
he will swing around toward you. When
he comes caress him; now repeat on the
opposite side of him. Remember to
caress him each time. This method
four or five times and you will find
your horse will obey and fully under¬
stand the words “Come here.”
Now regarding rein-driving, I always
put cn all the harness, so that the colt
gets used to the straps hitting him on
legs, and the feel of harness. Carry the
reins through the shaft-tugs, take your
position behind the horse, now com¬
mence to drive, turning him around
frequently, first to the right and then to
the left. He will quickly understand
to move his body when he moves his
head. By this means you are educating
to the shafts and educating not to be
afraid of his heels, thus thoroughly
breaking your colt at both sides and
ends.
After the colt will run either way,
stop him with the word “Whoa,” and
when he will stop at “Whoa” without
much pressure on the reins, start to back
him, setting back on the reins firmly at
< ach time you say back to him. Always
drive a colt double first, and when they
get settled down to an even . straight
gait, I hook them single to breaking
cart, using a kicking strap for six
months or more to be on the safe side,
for one mix-up may ruin your colt. Half
the battle is in thoroughly bitting ; a
colt not properly bitted is never half
broken. o. w. sh-eeden.
Dutchess Co., N. Y.
“A Pint is a Pound.”
Will you tell me your opinion of the
“wonderful invention” of one pint of milk
merged into one pound of butter?
A. R.
This seems to be our old friend the
“butter merger.” In the advertisement
sent us we read :
Never before- in the history of the world
has a household article been discovered
that will be so much benefit to families
that have to work for their living. Just
stop and think, a little machine has just
been invented that will merge one pint of
milk into one pound of butter in two
minutes. This wonderful discovery must
surely be a godsend to those who have to
pay such high prices for food. A pint
of milk weighs a pound and costs on an
average four cents.
We take the advice to “stop and
think.” As a result we are forced to
the thought that this statement is a
fake and untrue. No man can make a
“pound of butter” out of a pint of milk
— not even from such milk as “Missy of
the Glen” was said to give. “Butter”
is defined by the Federal law to be a
substance containing not over 16 per
cent of water. If it shows more than
that it is adulterated, and the seller is
subject to fine. In one pint of milk
weighing one pound there are on the
average 14 ounces of water. The same
will appear in a pound of “butter” made
from it. We grant that this machine,
like an egg beater, will make a soft
$45.00
No. 190- Runabout
Sells at retail for $65. Easy
riding, stylish and very dur¬
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with it.
$48.50
No. 290- Buckboard
Retailers ask $70 for its
equal. Our own pattern,
strongly made, easiest rider
known, and a general favorite.
We make the best New York
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ISIo Money in Advance
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Showing 200 styles of wagons
Every approved pattern is shown
No. 118 — Top Bug'g'y
Fully as good as retails for$75.
Will give years of service,
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853.50
No. 350 — Handy Wagon
Removable seats, very strong,
and one of our best selling
styles. Can’t be duplicated
anywhere for less than $70.
and 50 styles of Harness
ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO., 360 Main St.
at a wide range of prices.
, Rochester, N. Y,
EBBomnn
mass out of the milk. We can make pot
cheese out of it and this pot cheese will
be better than the so-called butter. The
fraud consists in telling people that this
thrashed or curdled milk is “butter,”
and the fakes who keep on telling it
ought to be choked off.
Another Parcels Post Convert.
Last Summer I ordered a package from
Philadelphia to bo sent by express. After
juggling with it for some two months and
a half, the poor down-tj-odden express com¬
pany condescended to deliver it to its des¬
tination. Having, in the meanwhile, found
that I could get along without the goods,
and having then no use for them, I refused
the package. The charges were 90 cents.
A few days ago I received notification that
a package was in the express office. It was
the same old package and the poverty-
stricken, imposed upon express company,
having in thq meanwhile shipped it back
and forth over the face of the earth, were
willing to let me have it for $1.25. About
three months ago my sister ordered a pack¬
age (by express) from New York. It has
not yet come. Give us parcels post, Mr.
Taliaferro, and the rest of our Senators.
Florida. s. p. p.
Indigestion in Calf.
My Jersey calf six months old exhibits
strange symptoms She has grown well,
and has a good appetite, but a part of the
time she stands seemingly in much discom¬
fort. She stretches out her neck, keeps
thrusting out her tongue and licking her
nose, while she sways the rear part of her
body from side to side and switches her
tail vigorously. It seems as though she has
some itching in the lower part of the in¬
testines. Is it worms, or what? And what
treatment should I give her? H. k.
Indiana.
The discomfort is due to indigestion and
consequent formation of gas. Make her run
out doors every day for abundant exercise.
Physic her with castor oil and afterwards
feed so as to keep her bowels moving
freely. a. s. a.
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE in the finest fruit
growing and trucking section in the world;
fertile soil and fine climate: also a beautiful water
front farm with timber. For full particulars ad¬
dress SAMUEL 1’. WOODCOCK, Salisbury,
Wicomico County, Maryland.
FARM FOR ^A F~The cheapest one in S'°m.
I Mil III I lin OHLL erset County — location,
quality of soil and timber considered. Contains
250 acres, 100 acres in cultivation and balance in
timber. For full particulars address JAMES A. C.
DEAVOR, Princess Anne, Somerset Co. .Maryland,
332
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 11
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘-protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one In which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
— a "wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
Effect of Cotton Seed.
Will cotton-seed meal fed to cows with
calf cause them to abort, as we read in
some paper that it would? m. e. d.
New York.
In my experience of feeding cotton¬
seed meal for many years I have never
seen a case of abortion that could be
traced to this cause. It may be possible,
through the misuse of cotton-seed meal,
like feeding it in excessive quantities to
cows far advanced in the period of gesta¬
tion, for it to cause a fever that might
bring on abortion, but a proper and sen¬
sible use of cotton-seed meal will do no
damage. c. S. G.
Too Much Heavy Feed
Each of my cows after calving this sea¬
son has a very hard swollen udder, but
with very little milk. I had one come in
recently, and although she has an im¬
mense udder I could only get one-third of
a pail of milk at night. For three weeks
before calving she had been fed silage, corn
fodder, clover hay and about four pounds
of corn chop a day. Will you also give
me a good balanced ration ? At present
am feeding about 15 pounds of silage, four
quarts of bran, two quarts of gluten and
about six pounds of cut corn fodder twice
a day, with clover hay at noon. H. e. g.
Pennsylvania.
You have been feeding your cows too
much heating feed like corn chop and
gluten feed, which is no doubt the
cause of so many caked udders. You
should never feed any heavy concen¬
trated feed for four to six weeks be¬
fore parturition, nor within two weeks
thereafter, or until the udder has re¬
gained its normal condition. Even then
if you start to feed gluten feed heavily
it is very liable to cause you much
trouble. I know from experience that
it is a good feed for the production of
milk, but must be fed with caution, or
serious trouble will result. The remedy
is to remove the cause first, feeding
only light feed like wheat bran or a
very small amount of dry brewers’ or
distillers’ grains. Give warm water to
drink several times a day. As soon as
you see a case of caked udder give the
cow a pint of molasses, followed in
two hours with one pound of epsom
salts. Bathe the udder frequently with
warm water — as warm as the hand will
bear — and apply melted lard twice a day
after milking, rubbing it in well. Keep
the cow in a warm, light, well ventilated
stable where she cannot catch cold and
milk her at least three times a day.
I would suggest the following bal¬
anced ration which you will find safe
and economical to feed :
Digestible
15
lbs. silage .
Dry
matter
Pro¬
tein
.135
Carb.
and fat
1.935
8
lbs. cut corn
fodder .
. 4.64
.20
2.984
9
lbs. clover hay.
. 7.65
.612
3.564
2
lbs. corn meal . .
. 1.78
.158
1 .528
3
lbs. wheat bran .
. 2.64
.366
1.359
3
lbs. gluten feed.
. 2.70
.690
2.097
2
lbs. dry distiller’s
grains . 1.84
.496
1.104
Nutritive ratio, 1
24.40
:5.4.
2.663
C.
14.571
S. G.
Alfalfa and Grain.
Will you give me a balanced ration to go
with two kinds of fodder such as mixed
clover hay, also Alfalfa, second crop. I
have good corn silage well mixed with corn ;
cows are fresh milkers weighing from 800
to 1,000 pounds. Following is the grain
I can buy: Cotton-seed meal. .$1.80 per 100;
oil meal, $1.00; dairy feed, $1.60; malt
sprouts, $1.10; gluten feed, $1.50; wheat
screenings, $1; wheat bran, $1.25; wheat
middlings, $1.40; eornmeal, $1.20.
New York. w. G.
Following is the best and most eco¬
nomical balanced ration I can make
from the list of feeding stuffs men¬
tioned :
Digestible
Dry
Pro-
Carb.
Feeding stuff matter
f 'n and fat
40 lbs.
silage . 8.40
5.16
12 lbs.
mixed bay
with
clover or Al-
falfa.
. 10.44
.744
5.52
4 lbs.
malt sprouts. 3.60
.744
1.636
2 lbs.
cotton-seed
meal.
. 1.84
.744
.888
I lb eornmeal . 89
.079
.704
25.17
2.671
13.968
Nutritive ratio 1 : 5.2.
If you feed more than five or six
pounds of clear clover or Alfalfa at
any time you could reduce the amount
of cotton-seed meal correspondingly.
For example, Alfalfa contains 11 per
cent protein, and cotton-seed meal con¬
tains 37 per cent, so by increasing the
amount of Alfalfa pounds you could
decrease the amount of cotton-seed one
pound. Of course this could not be
continued indefinitely, as it would soon
make the ration too bulky. I would
advise wetting the sprouts before feed¬
ing and allowing time for them 'to
swell, as it makes a more palatable feed
when prepared in this way. c. s. g.
Value of Feeding Stuffs.
What is the feeding value of wheat bran,
cut Alfalfa, brewers’ grains and corn bran
or siftings from mill grinding southern corn
into meal? Please give value for feeding
laying hens and feeding young chicks.
Virginia. R- G.
I do not know of any reliable experi¬
ments having been made with hens and
chickens to test the feeding value of the
different feeding stuffs you mention.
However, it is customary to estimate
the feeds for poultry about the same as
for cattle. Estimating the value of wheat
bran at $22 per ton, dried brewers’
grains would be worth $24 to $26 per
ton, cut Alfalfa about the same as wheat
bran, and corn bran or siftings would
be worth considerably less — not over $16
to $18 per ton. As a rule the cheaper
feeds are the most expensive to use in
the long run because they are usually
very indigestible. By using feeds of
this character which contain a relatively
small amount of digestible nutrients,
the delicate digestive apparatus of either
animals or birds becomes overworked
without producing satisfactory results.
C. S. G.
Warming Water for Cows. — I want to
put in some sort of arrangement for beating
the water for my cows. At present the
water is pumped into a 2,500 gallon tank
elevated in the barn, and then running
through pipes to the trough. My only way
of warming at present is to put hot water
Into the trough, which is not convenient.
Probably some of your readers have satisfac¬
tory arrangements for warming. Will they
give suggestions? I have thought of put¬
ting some sort of a heater into the barn
cellar and running the water from tank
through it, and back up to the trough.
New Hampshire. w. h. p.
Stops Lameness
and Stiffness in Horses and Mules.
HERE’S PROOF.
Mr. Baily Kirby, of Cassaday, Ky., writes:—
“I used Sloan’s Liniment on a mule for ‘high
lameness,’ and cured her. I am never without a
bottle of Sloan’s Liniment ; have bought more of
it than any other remedy for pains.”
SLOANS
LINIMENT
kills a spavin, curb or splint,
DR. EARL S. SLOAN, BOSTON, MASS.
Don’t
Let a
Skin
Disease
Spoil Your
Horse
If he rubs mane, tail or
other parts you have reason to
suspect mange or other parasitic
skin disease and it is time to
administer the remedy.
Dr. HESS DIP
and Disinfectant
is the horseman’s mainstay when it’s
necessary to fight disease in the stable.
This is a non-irritating and harmless
preparation, sure death to infectious
germs, skin parasites, lice, sheep
ticks, etc.
In proper solution, it prevents and
cures hog cholera, infectious pneu¬
monia, sheep scab, foot rot, and
lice on cattle, swine and poultry.
Nothing equals it as a disinfectant
for pens, stables, outbuildings, and
places where decay may breed disease.
Write for booklet.
DR. KC6S & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.
<C
Would you rather
buy a new barn?
y>
— Asks the little
Paint Man
•rj .
Would you rather buy a new barn than pay for painting
now and then ? It costs more to build a barn than it does
to paint it. A barn that is painted right at the right time
will last five or six times as long as one that is neglected.
A barn of wood has a certain amount of durability
which is roughly about 15 or 20 years, but that same
barn will last 40 or 50 and more years if painted prompdy
and sufficiently often to keep on protecting the wood.
Paint is a preventive — not a cure. You cannot save
a barn that has fallen into ruin by painting it. You must
paint it while it is new and keep it painted.
The cost of the best paint and the cost of the best
painter are less than the cost of renewing a weather¬
beaten barn. The best paints are Sherwin-Williams
Paints — easy to apply — look well — wear well.
I have written a book about these things which explains the
Sherwin-Williams way of saving money on a farm better than
I can do it here. Its name is “ Paints and Varnishes for the
Farm.” A free copy will be sent you at once if you write today.
Address THE LITTLE PAINT MAN, care of
Sherwin-Williams
PAINTS S- VARNISHES
635 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. In Canada, 897 Centre Street, Montreal
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask for color cards
LIME
Hydrated, Powdered, in hags, for fer¬
tilizing and spraying. Works near
Albany. Hudson River Lime Co.,
428 East 26tli Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
free. Grand Rapids Veterinary
College, Dep.l5,Grand Rapids, Mich.
Attention. Horse Owners!
Send for Handsome Book
Absolutely FREE
You Can Train Your Colt In 8 Hours or
Break Your Horses of Any Bad Habits
by Prof. Beery's Simple Methods
Prof. Jesse Beery, king of horse tamers and trainers,
has retired from his marvelous career in the arena and
Is now teaching his wonderful system by mail to thou¬
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Prof. Beery is acknowledged to be the world’s master
.horseman. His wonderful exhibition of taming fierce,
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He can teach you the same simple, yet marvelous,
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a horse to drive without reins, tell the disposition of
any horse at a single glance, train him to do difficult
tricks and, in fact, gain complete mastery over any
horse, young or old.
You can take a useless and dangerous animal and
double his value in a short time by these easy, simple
methods. And these horses will be cured of shying,
kicking, balking, biting, fear of automobiles and all
other bad traits forever.
Prof. Beery’s lessons are simple, thorough and
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$1,200 to $3,000 a Year
At Home or Traveling!
Competent Horse Trainers are in demand every¬
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colts broken to harness. A good trainer can always
keep his stable full of horses.
What Prof. Beery’s Students Are Doing
Breaking horses of every conceivable habit; no mat¬
ter how long standing it is. Training colts to be ab¬
solutely trustworthy and useful in 8 hours. Riding
■with perfect ease and control. Training horses to go
all the saddle gaits and do fancy steps. Training
horses to do the most difficult and interesting tricks.
Telling any horse’s disposition at sight— judging a
horse right the first time. There is no limit to what a
horse can be taught when you know how.
We receive hundreds of letters like the following: .
J. O. Brown, Cameron. Mo., R. R. 4.. writes, “Lnst month
I made $90.00 training colts, besides mv regulnr farm work."
A. W. Bower, Tipton, Ind., writes, "you have made me a
practical colt trainer, have all the work I can do and make
more money than ever before.”
S. M. Ryder, Mercersburg, Fa., writes. * 1 am making money
buying 3-year-old kickers cheap, handling them a few dayeund
selling them, perfectly broken, at a large profit.”
. _ Levi Smith.. Ad m i re,
4>t Bans., R. R. 2, writes. "I
have used your methods on
\U some very mean and vicious
horses and had good suc-
broke a five-year-old
The owner offerod to sell it
JHf * for $76.00. but after I
W ^ w trained her he refused
* 1 $176.00.”
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57 Academy St. Pleasant Hill, Ohio
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PEOF. JESSE BEERY,
* 0/ Academy St:
Pleasant IliU, Onto
Name
Postoffice
State
R.F.D
Cut Out This Coupon
and Mail It Today 1
1911.
IS 33
M I L K.
In effect March 1 the New York Ex¬
change price was reduced one-half cent to
?1.61 per 40-quart can, netting 3% cents
to shippers in 26-cent zone who have no
additional station charges.
We get our milk from small dairies In
adjoining townships, west of here. The
milk trust has not reached across Rocky
River as yet. Price eight cents per quart
now ; seven cents for a few months in
Summer. z. o. D.
Rocky River, O.
In regard to the milk and cream in this
locality, in our town the milk is retailed
for seven cents and is sold by the producer
to the pedler for about one-half what it is
retailed for ; the retailer drives to the farm
after it. Most of the milk from this
county goes into Cleveland, the average
price being 18 cents per gallon delivered in
Cleveland (which costs 1% cents.) We
make cream, 22 per cent., for which we
get 85 cents per gallon in Cleveland. I be¬
lieve that at the price of feed there have
been many cans of milk sold that cost the
producer in actual cash more than he re¬
ceived for it, to say nothing of his work,
but still he thinks he must stick to his
cows to keep his farm up. I feel that when
we cannot produce an article at a small
profit it is time for us to quit. We keep
all registered Brown Swiss, and they are
doing well ; also we have sale for all our
young stock at fair prices. But the farmer
who lias only grade cows has only one
source of income, that being from the milk
pail. s. a. H.
Painesville, O.
Weight of Silage — Price.
Will you tell me how many cubic feet of
silage it takes to weigh a ton, and about
how much a ton of silage is worth, or is
it different prices in different localities?
Madison Co., N. Y. c. w. h.
On the average a cubic foot of silage will
weigh about 40 pounds. The price varies
with that of other fodder — usually not far
from 30 per cent of the price of Timothy
hay. Have any readers ever bought or sold
silage? If so, what was the actual price?
Women Milkers,
Is it possible to get in this country
women milkers? Could one find a district
where girls are taught to milk or where
there are girls willing to be taught and fol¬
low that occupation? Where would I ap¬
ply for information? s. b. t.
It is doubtful if you can find any large
number of women milkers who would be
willing to go to a regular dairy farm. In
the dairy country the wife or daughter
will often help milk, but the practice is
not as common as in the old country. You
might obtain such women among the im¬
migrants fresh from Sweden, Denmark,
Germany or Switzerland.
Green Fodder Crops for Connecticut.
I have unexpectedly come into possession
of a good farm adjoining my own and a
number of head of fine grade Holstein cows,
which I would like to keep. There is no
pasture land with the new farm. I have
not pasture enough to furnish feed for all.
What would you advise me to sow to help
out? Will rape do well in the Spring, and
how early can it be sown? The object, of
course, is to get early feed to be succeeded
by other soiling crops. This laud is situ¬
ated in the foothills of the Berkshires, and
is about 1,300 feet above sea level. I have
one acre sown to Alsike clover. The land
is rich and has been kept up with liberal
manuring and fertilizer. Bromus inermis
as a grass food is recommended for pasture
and hay. Would you advise its use?
Eart Ilartland, Conn. d. g.
We would not try brome grass except as
an experiment. Far better, in your locality
to depend on oats and peas, Japanese mil¬
let and fodder corn. (Sow the oats and
peas as often described in The R. N.-Y.
as early as the ground will permit. Early
in May seed to Japanese millet, as soon as
the ground is warm enough sow corn thickly
in drills. Follow oats and peas with more
millet and keep on sowing corn up to July
1. This will give you a good succession of
green crops. Rape is not so good for cows
— it may taint the milk.
Rape and Milk. — On page 18 W. H.
L. asks about feeding rape to cows. I
cannot quite agree with the answer that
is given. A few years ago, having quite
a field of rape, I began early in the
Spring to feed it, first in the barn, be¬
ginning with a small feed and gradually
increasing until a full feed was fed.
Later the cows were staked on it after
milking in the morning for an hour or
so, and soon left on it all day, and al¬
though our folks are very quick to de¬
tact any off flavor no complaint was
ever made. Clover and wheat or any
green feed will taint milk if cows are
turned on it for a full feed all at once,
is my experience. S.
Oregon.;
R- N.-Y. — Our cows certainly show
the “turnipy” taste in milk when fed
green rape. '<
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Storing Brewers’ Crains.
Would it be practical to store wet brew¬
ers’ grains by the carload in a double wall
circular frame silo? Would it make a
cheap feed at $7 per ton? What size silo
will I need to hold 25 tons? j. s. d.
Arlington, N. Y.
This question is submitted to readers
who have tried it. We have not had
experience. We should consider it a
risk with wet grains at $7 per ton.
What Makes a
Cream Separator
Good or Bad?
Corn Fodder for Five Cows.
We can only raise flint corn here to have
it ripen. Would it not be as well for me
to have a gas engine and cutter and make
and cut my fodder as I use it, as to go to
the expense of a silo? Silo will cost me
§175, and I haven’t the price. I shall not
keep more than five cows and three young
stock. I shocked the corn and let it ripen
in the field last season, then hauled to the
barn, husked the corn and piled the fodder
up in the mow. It is keeping fine, without
any mold. I borrowed an old silage cut¬
ter and am cutting it by hand power ; it is
an awful job but the cows eat it up clean,
and are doing so well that I determined to
cut it all up. I got three galvanized tubs
and feed morning and night scalded fodder
with their grain mixed in. l. l. b.
Maine.
That is just what we would do. It
would hardly pay to build a silo for
half a dozen cattle. This cut fodder
can be put in a tub or vat and hot
water thrown over it. Then if covered
during the night the fodder will be well
steamed and make a very good substi¬
tute for silage.
Warbles.
What is the trouble with my cows and
what can I do to relieve them? Last Sum¬
mer I pastured the cows in an old field
where the ditches have not been cleaned
out for a number of years, and the mud
and stagnated water would be in places 12
or 14 inches deep. The cows crossed the
ditches and sometimes walked down them
and ate along the bank, and I thought that
the cause of a trouble they had in the Sum¬
mer. First the front legs were swollen and
covered with small lumps, and soon after
the swelling would commence to go down,
the skin crack and the hair and skin would
come off ; then they would heal. At the
same time there were places where the
hair would raise up, looking as though
something had stung them, and the hair
came off those places. Now there are
lumps on their backs from the shoulders
to the hips. A few days ago I was look¬
ing at them and found a small round hole
in each one of them and there has been
some pus or something coming out of them.
I do not think my cows look as well as
they should on what they eat. Please tell
me what is the trouble and what I can do
to relieve them. g. t. r.
Maryland.
By squeezing you will find that each of
the boils upon the back contains a large
grub or larva of the ox warble fly (Hypo-
derma liheata). Squeeze out and destroy
each grub; then bathe part with a two
per cent, solution of coal tar dip. Use
same solution on legs and any other part
of the skin that is not in normal condi¬
tion. Feed an abundance of nutritious
food. a. s. A.
BETTER SAFE THAN SORR
Potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, cantaloupe,
small fruits, orchards, can be sprayed at
slight; comparative cost for protection against x
blight, bugs, scale, etc., with an “IKON AGE” ‘
SPKAYEIt. Also, actually increases the
yield. The machine is adjustable to various
width rows — solution thoroughly mixed —
delivered in a due spray that covers the plant
— single or double acting pumps — three, four- six or 8QV€
rows — one or two horses — 55 or 100 gallon steel or wooa
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Farm and Garden Tools
mf ms
we practical, effective, economical
They give permanent satiefac- .
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years. Formulas for
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Catalog showing pots- _
to machinery horse hoes, cultiva
of garden drills, wheel 1 - ~
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
Take No Chances.
What is the use in taking chances on
buying farm implements? They should
have the unqualified endorsement not
only of users who know a good tool
when they use it, but they should be so
warranted by the makers that the pur¬
chaser runs no risks. Buckeye Cultiva¬
tors have been on the market for more
than half a century ; the line is the most
complete on the market ; they are used
by the most successful farmers in every
land; they are gaining in popularity
every year. Isn’t this a sure indication
that they are built right; that they do
the best possible work with the least
expenditure of time and labor ; that they
require very little for repairs, and that
they are made by men who know how?
Not only is that true, hut they are made
by The American Seeding-Machine Co.,
Incorporated, Springfield, Ohio, who
place such a strong warranty on them
that no risk whatever is taken by the
purchaser. Write to them for Buckeye
Cultivator pamphlets and then go to
your local dealer and insist on seeing
Buckeye Cultivators. Should he be un¬
willing to supply you with a Buckeye,
tell the makers about it, and they will
see that you get what you want.
It takes something besides cast iron, red paint and hot
air to make a separator that will skim milk clean twice
a day 365 days in the year for 15 or 20 years.
If some of the farmers who are thinking of buying a
cream separator this season, and
have been half persuaded by extra¬
vagant advertising to “save one-
third the cost” by buying a ma¬
chine of the “Just-as-good-as-the-
DE LAVAL’ ’ or the “mail order”
kind, could only listen to the ex¬
perience of a few of the thousands
of the users of such machines who
have traded them in for DE LA-
VALS during the past year, they
would be forcibly reminded of the
old adage which runs “Save at the
spout and waste at the bung-hole*”
Any competent separator
mechanic with a knowledge of materials and high-class
separator construction will tell you that the marvel is,
not that “mail order” machines are sold so cheaply,
but that they succeed in getting the price they do.
High-grade separators cannot be manufactured like
harvesters, plows and other farm machinery. A properly
built separator is almost as delicate and exacting in its
construction and measurements as a watch.
DE LAVAL machines are constructed in the best
equipped cream separator factory in the world by skilled
workmen. The very highest grade of material we can
get is used in all wearing parts, and our limit of varia¬
tion in most measurements is less less than one two-
thousandth of an inch.
Be tore you decide on the purchase of a cream separa¬
tor be sure to
See and Try
a DE LAVAL
It will be only a question of time before you get a
DE LAVAL anyway, so why not save yourself a lot of
costly separator experience by starting right with the
DE LAVAL?
The De Laval Separator Co.
I6S-I67 Broadway
NEW YORK
29 E. Madison Stroot
CHICACO
Drumm & Sacramento Sts,
SAN FRANCISCO
173-177 William Stroot
E MONTREAL “
|4 & 16 Princess Street
WINNIPEG
IOI6 Western Avenue
SEATTLE
Use Indestructible Hameless Horse and Mule Collars
Prevent and cure sore shoulders. No hames, pads or straps; stronger,
lignter, better. Made of metal and zinc coated. Guaranteed not to rust in
any climate. Adjustable in size to fit animal if spring fat or fall poor.
■Holds it s shape. Cheaper because everlasting. Easy to put on and take oil.
YEAR’S FREE TRIAL
endorsed by veterinaries and team owners as the only collar fit to use on
horse or mule. Used by City Fire Departments and U. S. Government. Sold
direct where dealer does not handle them. Good agents wanted. Address
JOHNSTON-SLOCUM CO., 708 State Street. CARO. MICHIGAN
— 1 — — - -
Do Both r Machine
Anyone can Clip
Clip Horses
Before the spring work
I begins, clip off the long win¬
ter coat of hair. Your horses
| will sweat less, they will dry
off quickly at night and get
better rest. They will get
I more good from their feed,
I feel better, look better, and
do better work.
with this machine
It turns easy, clips fast and will
last a lifetime. This
Stewart Ball Bearing
Clipping Machine
has all gears cut from steel,
file hard and enclosed and pro¬
tected from dust and dirt. They
run constantly in oil. Clips both
horses and cows without change.
There is 6 feet of new style,
easy ruuning flexible shaft on
OWS this machine and the famous
ri. „ , , , , Stewart single tension nut clip-
Clip the flanks and udders • _ i _:r • r ^
Jcverythreeorfourweeks.lt ptflg Kniie. Jr TlCC Oi Illci- C A
bVfore" mTikftg?rnsPuresS chine complete is only /*ou
I OneIjar^Sda/rytcompany>re- CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT CO.
cently purchased 100 Stewart , 1-3 . o 11 a • .
| machines for its stables. 140 La oalle Ave. Chicago
Get one
from
your
dealer
or send
$2 and
we will
ship
C. O. D.
for the
balance.
Sent]
today
for new
1911
cata¬
logue
83-4
THK RURAIi NEW-YORKER
March 11,
MANURE SPREADER NOTES.
I would like to state a few facts in an¬
swer to Albert H. De Graff, Jefferson Co.,
N. Y., concerning both sides of a manure
spreader. I have one, 70 bushel size, and
used it for from 300 to 500 loads per year
for the last five years. I have expended 50
cents for a lever that a horse ran into and
broke. The spreader is ready now for use,
and always has been, doing the work better
and easier. On sod ground I use two horses,
on mellow ground three, and they handle it
as easily as three horses can handle a corn
harvester in good corn. The spreader is
now in good repair, and looks as if it had
not had over one-third of its life. How¬
ever, I take what I should call sensible
care of it, keeping it stored, greased, all
bolts and nuts tight ; do not let it stand in
sun and storm very long ; in short, I give
it the same care that I give all my other
tools. Manure spreaders are very common
around here, and are represented by many
kinds. All are giving entire satisfaction,
with the exception of one, and that is the
one that stands out under the sky rusting
and rotting as fast as possible. I firmly be¬
lieve that anyone who buys a new spreader
and takes care of it will be well satisfied.
Monroe Co., N. Y. R. B. mason.
The Spreader Pays.
I read with interest Mr. De Graff’s arti¬
cle on page 196 on the manure spreader.
1 am sorry he was so unfortunate with his
machine, as we have used ours (50 bushel
size) four years, and I think $5 would cover
all repairs, and those were breakages
caused by accidents. Our machine stands
outside for good half of the year, and ex¬
cepting when the snow is real deep we use
it almost daily. We sometimes wind log
chains around the drive wheels to prevent
slipping. A yoke of oxen are used chiefly
to handle it; two 1,100 pound horses handle
it easily on dry sod ground. When snow
is too deep to use it we draw manure out
in large piles and spread in Spring. This
makes extra work handling, but we think it
pays. A man who owns one just like ours
says during last Winter (1910) he had to
use a sled only one week during the Win¬
ter, and in the Winter of 1909 only three
days, and in 1908 he used his spreader
every day. We use ours to spread lime and
the manure from about 20 head of cattle
and nine horses. Our spreader empty
weighs 1,600 pounds. It holds 50 bushels,
which would probably weigh 2,000 pounds
of manure as it averages. We have never
broken a link or slat, and it shows very
little wear. Our drive wheels never trouble
us about slipping only on snow. Renting
spreaders is unknown here. We wouldn't
farm without a spreader any more than a
grain binder. Of course it would pay to
house it. E- c. s>
Pennsylvania.
This One Works Well.
On page 196 A. H. De Graff has given
his experience with the manure spreader,
which I think is about the same conclu¬
sion that most of the people have come to,
but for fear one article may discourage
some one who has not used them I wish to
add my experience with them. Six years
ago last Fall 1 bought the first spreader
that was ever bought in this town, and
although it was some little trouble t<3 learn
to operate and adjust we soon got it, and
now for the past three years there has
never been a bi'eak or one cent of repairs,
nor one moment of time spent in adjust¬
ment; nothing to do but oil it once in a
while, and let me say here that is very
important with them. We use it about
10 or 12 days in Spring and Fall and have
let our neighbors, three or four of them,
each have it longer than we have it. There
is onlv one lever to operate that throws
it in ‘and out of gear, and regulates the
feed at the same time as little or much as
you want, and you cannot break the ma¬
chine in moving the lever either way at any
time, nor stop our team. We use it with
two horses of 1,100 pounds on level
ground, hut when the land is soft we have
thills and put on three horses. It holds
55 bushels, and I never saw our wheels
slip, although we do not attempt to spread
when the ground is icy. It will work in
the snow a foot deep or more, and runs
easier than the same load would do on a
wagon, for the reason that the wheels do
not sink in the ground. Generally there
are but a very few days that we could not
use it, and at these times we let the man¬
ure accumulate for a short time, but we
never go back to the old wagon or sleigh.
We got it to do all the spreading and it
does it without any "swear words.” It
certainly is a pleasure to hitch to such a
machine, but I find that about three-quar¬
ters of the people who have a spreader are
getting about as much fun out of them
as Mr. De Graff.
Ontario Co., N. Y. A. R. pennell.
EXERCISE FOR DAIRY COWS.
You ask my experience in the matter of
exercise for cows. Briefly, our animals
always suffer when deprived of it. When
we built our new barn I wrote to Prof.
I. T. Roberts, of Cornell, asking about his
covered shed, where the Cornell herd ex¬
ercises in comfort under shelter. He re¬
plied that unless I was willing to dishorn
the herd it would not work, and added that
many farmers stabled their cows in Winter,
and that they did not appear to suffer from
it. I read about this time of another famous
herd near Philadelphia, where the cows
were never turned out, but wallowed in
filth and bedding by way of enriching the
fields that supported them. Then a young
landscape artist was wafted our way to give
advice about “Art on the Farm.” “Barn¬
yards? Do not have such unsightly things.
The best barns have eliminated them. They
are unnecessary.”
In the end we moved into our new quar¬
ters in January, and the barnyard had not
been made. We were obliged to stable the
whole Winter. We paid dear. When Spring
came not an animal was in calf ; not a cow
came in season. The bull, too, lost his
vigor, and when Spring came appeared to
be worthless. The small calves wouldn’t
eat and the smallest died. Some of the
Spring cows appeared to have a great deal
of fever and pain in their hoofs, caused
probably by indigestion combined with
standing on board floors. We built our
first barnyard as soon as we could drive
the posts next Spring, and since then have
added four more, all communicating with
the barn. In Summer all are in use, and
in Winter whenever the weather permits.
We are on the top of a windy hill, 1,000
feet above sea level, in the temperature of
Bar Harbor. Do the best we can, the herd
is stabled for days at a time. The cows
give more milk at such times, but it is not
good for them, and they are overjoyed to
get out. Spring calves are usually larger
and quite as strong as Fall, calves, but if
accidents at calving time occur, they are
apt to come toward Spring, when the
muscles are flabby.
Our cows stand in the sun all day ; the
barn is well ventilated by a King system
that works perfectly. They are brushed
a good deal to keep the skin in order.
The more they are brushed the better they
are. If I could got them out into the yards
daily they could do with much less. They
are always bright-eyed, and we are free
from tuberculosis and abortion. But they
owe it to the fact that from the first pos¬
sible day in Spring to the last in Fall
they are every day on pasture and every
day fed in the barn.
My friends who have registered bulls tell
me that their animals rarely come out of
their box stalls the year around, and re¬
main healthy and fit year after year. I
have in mind a great herd where the nulls
have a small yard in which each bull takes
his turn on his own day in rotation. I
could never accomplish it. We have built
a four-acre paddock for our herd bull,
where he lives all Summer with a com¬
panion or two to keep him contented. As
long as he can be trusted behind five
strands of barbed wire, all goes well ; but
when the time comes to restrict his liberty
he soon becomes useless. Cows get on
in stanchions better than calves. Spring
calves confined during Winter are apt to
be just the size in Spring they were when
stabled in the Fall. We have made a set
of box stalls for our Spring calves in which
they can jump *and even run a little. I
used poultry wire so as to have as much
light and air as possible. It is renewed
as it gives way. The calves do very well
indeed in these quarters and keep clean.
When next Spring comes I am going to re¬
model the baby calf house, filling the south
end with windows to catch every bit of
sunlight and using artificial heat during
the cold snaps. I shall put in King ventila¬
tion, and build a little raised platform,
very warm and snug, where the infants
can sleep. In this way I think I shall
eliminate the losses of Winter calves which
have heretofore followed each cold wave.
There will be plenty of space for them then
to run and jump all day. Little calves love
to jump. In short fresh air, sunlight and
exercise are the foundation of our success.
FANNY MORRIS SMITH.
DO YOU OWN ;
A Hay Loader?
We want every farmer who owns a hay
loader as well as those who do not to have
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The man who owns a loader with trouble¬
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It gives interesting hay loader facts. It tells
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Write us today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL.
Low-Down Steel Wheel Wagons
Are fast replacing the high farm wagons for
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HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO., BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.
HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS
Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a spring^fc
wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.,
bring more money. Ask for special proposition. Cl
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Wire Fencing is best all through.
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Over 75 different styles of custom-made,
oak-tanned harness are accurately illus¬
trated. A harness for every purpose,
whether a single, double, carriage or
heavy harness is desired, Any style of
mounting. The prices are from $10 to
$15 less than you would pay your dealer,
because in buying direct you
SAVE TWO PROFITS
There is no risk in buying from us.
Every set of harness is guaranteed for
five years. We have thousands of satis¬
fied customers, many of whom have
bought from us for over twenty years.
Catalogue & free upon request.
THE KING HARNESS CO.
6 Lake St., Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y.
Mail Orders Only — We Have No Agents
Wanted at Once— A Man
To Mako $100 Per Month Above Expenses
1500 MEN THROUGHOUT THE U. S
ARE MAKING BIG MONEY
with our large lino of over 80 different household neces¬
sities consisting of home remedies, extracts, spices, soaps,
perfumes, toilet articles, stock and poultry preparations,
polishes, etc. all guaranteed under the National Food
and Drugs Act and conforming to the Pure Food require¬
ments of every state. Sold chiefly to country people.
We import, manufacture and sell in enormous quantities
Capital and surplus over one million dollars. Factory
floor space nearly 5 acres.
We want one man in each unoccupied locality to take
full charge of everything pertaining to our business in
his district. Must be of good health and habits, honest
and i ndustrious, not under 21 nor over 50 years of age,
able to furnish outfit similar to that illustrated above,
also several responsible men to vouch for his integrity.
Such under our instructions can mako not less than
$100 Per Month Clear Profit
above expenses first year, $1SOO second year and $2400
third year. Colored people or women not considered.
Previous experience or more than ordinary education
not needed as with our thorough free course of instruc¬
tion in salesmanship the work is easily learned and a
big, pleasant, healthful, honorable and permanent busi¬
ness quickly established.
If you can’t meet requirements don’t write: if you
think you can you aro the man wo aro looking for and a
postal will bring you full particulars by return mail.
Lots of new men starting and territory filling rapidly,
so if interested write at once else territory vacant in your
locality will be taken.
W. T. RAWLEIGH CO. 30-40 Lib. St. Freeport, III.
Write Quick
for Prices on
QUAKER CITY
FEED MILLS
Get our Big Free Book and low price direct from fac¬
tory— fora latest improved Quaker City Feed Mill that
meets your needs. Grinds fastest, does best work
with least power. Grinds ear corn, shelled corn, all
grains, separate or mlxed.coarse, medium or the finest
table meal. Grinds soft and wet corn as well as husks.
NO DEPOSIT-FREIGHT PAID
Our free trial and proposition protect you. TVe
pay freight. Try any Quaker City Mill— 11 sizes,
22 styles — and if not satisfactory return at
expense. Big Book Free Now. Address i
A. G. STRAUB COMPANY
3737 Filbert Street fihlludclpiu, Pa.
or The Machinery Warehouse
3707 S. Ashland Ate., Chicago, Ill.
NdKOOFREPAIES
roofing 1
that never
wears out is—
Slate. Does not
rust or water- soak,
not melt — not af¬
fected by the weather or
climate. Theonly roofthatis
verlasting. SHELDON’S
GREEN AND PURPLE ROOFING
the only material without an
o more expensive than other higb-
Send todr.y for our free book
Question,” and tell us your wants.
F.C. Sheldon Slats Co. orakvillk.n.y.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
c-^6
HANDY POULTRY HOUSE.
Paht I.
More farmers and poultrymen, in a
small way, make a failure of chickens
because of a neglect of nature than from
any other cause. Too many who contem¬
plate raising a few hundred, believe that
the only way is to have an incubator and
brooder. They should get rid of that no¬
tion if they want to get started right. I
gain nothing by championing natural in¬
cubation. It is my aim to state plainly
what I have done and what can be done
by the average farmer. This is written
to farmers and for farmers and not for
the benefit of large commercial poultry-
men. The owner of such a plant would
latigh at the idea of hatching his stock
by the natural method, ana yet, I believe,
it could be done without much*.difficulty
and with increased vitality of stock reared
by the natural method. What I wish to
emphasize is that any farmer can add a
few hundred dollars to his income by
keeping 200 hens and giving fnem right
care. The market is always here. The
thing to do is to get the product. Fifteen
to 20 dozen eggs to sell each week will
go a long way toward paying the weekly
grocery bill. The product can be sold
at the door in nine-tenths of the homes
in New England and at good prices. I
am selling year-old roosters, fattened
and softened for special trade at from
$1.50 to $2 each.
My equipment consists only of such
houses and coops as anyone can build at
small cost and the initial cost is what
must be kept down. Don’t spend a lot of
money for fancy houses, etc. Common
sense is a valuable thing in .the poultry
business. Simplicity is the idea to keep
in mind. Hens do not appreciate silver
platters or gold-plated drinking vessels.
The V-shaped trough, made at an ex¬
pense of five cents, is just as good as the
elaborate automatic? dry-mash feeders
and fountains advertised at from $1.50 to
$10 each. Go into the chicken business
to make money. Use common sense,
just the same as you do in planting pota¬
toes. Don’t be afraid to feed them after
they are four days old and you’ll get
the dollars.
In Fig. 108 is shown a properly con¬
structed series of nests for 15 sitting
hens. This miniature house is 19 feet
long, floor 20 inches wide, 16 inches un¬
der eaves at back and 20 inches in front.
It is partitioned off into 15 nest boxes,
each 20x14 inches. The doors are hinged
at top with a screen door hinge. When
raised it remains up and when down the
spring holds it shut. Put a fence all
around this incubator, allow the hens to
come off once a day to eat and wallow
in the dirt, and they will go back, nine
times in ten, all right. Break hens to
nest by using china eggs. Take 48 hours
to break them in. If any hens prove dis¬
satisfied after two days, remove them and
put in others. Don’t try to move a hen
to a new nest until she gets the fever
badly. She will then sit anywhere.
even on the ground. The material for
this incubator cost $5. It can be built
in one day and it holds 225 eggs, 15
under each hen. I build all my colony
houses on this same plan with nests
under the dropping boards.
Fig. 109 illustrates the ideal brooding
coop for a hen and 15 chicks. This coop
beats a coop with vertical walls, because
the chicks can crawl away back close
between the roof and floor, where the
hen can’t step on them. Five to 10 per
cent, more chicks can be raised in coops
of this kind than in the others. They
ar a little harder to clean, but, on the
whole, are the best.
Fig. 110 shows my sectional colony
and laying house in sections. It is 5x9
feet. For first section floor take two
2x3x9 as sills and nail on the matched
SECTIONAL COLONY HOUSE. Fig. 110.
flooring, which has been cut into 5-foot
lengths. For the second section front,
take two 2x2x9 for the front, lay them
down on the floor, flush with ends of
the floor boards. Take one 5-foot length,
make the end flush with the 2x2 and
nail. This will be the top plate after
the wall is raised. Go to the other end
of the floor and tack on the length at the
other end, squaring before nailing. Now
for bottom plate, which rests on floor;
slip in the plate one inch from end of
floor boards and nail to bottom plate,
squaring. Continue to nail on the boards
for the front wall, allowing each board
to lap over the plate one inch, so that
when set up it will not slip. The ex¬
tended boards form a kind of flange, as
can be seen by studying the cut. The
rear wall is similarly made, only four-
foot lengths of boards are used, instead
of five, as in front. It is best to saw
the holes for the nests first, say, the
four- foot boards on- the floor and match
them up, keeping top ends even, then
skip first board at east end, from that
measure nine inches and mark out. Then
skip space of four inches and mark out
another, and so on until the number of
doors you want for nests is marked out.
Then number each board from left to
right and unmatch and saw out the
pieces, numbering the pieces in each
door so as to keep them separate. After
they are sawed out nail two cleats over
the pieces to hold them together and
hinge with wire screen hinge to the rear
wall, each in its proper place and they
will fit. w. H. TOMLINSON.
( To be continued I
'H
ERE’S a fair and square proposition to every man who
owns, breeds or works horses. We offer to tell you how
to cure any horse of lameness— absolutely free. We offer
you without one cent of charge, the advice of one of
America’s leading specialists on the lameness of horses. Many
a good horse, temporarily lame, is sold for almost nothing, be¬
cause the owner does not know how to go about getting rid of the
lameness. Don’t let your horse sufTer— don’t sell him for a few dollars— ask us to
tell you how to remove the lameness safely, surely and quickly. See Illustration
of horse below and read paragraph, “Free Diagnosis Coupon.”
Mack's $1,000 Spavin Remedy is Guaranteed
to quickly and permanently relieve the very worst case of Bone or Bog Spavin,
Ringbone, Thoroughpin, Curb, Capped Hock, Shoe Boil, Sprung Knee, Lacerated
and Ruptured Tendons, Sweeny and all other forms of lameness affecting a horse.
It’s a powerful remedy that goes right to the bottom of the trouble and quickly
restores natural conditions in the bones, muscles and tendons— cures the lameness
in just a few days to stay cured and the animal may be worked as usual.
Contains nothing that can injure the horse and heals without leaving scar, blem¬
ish or loss of hair. We positively guarantee every bottle of Mack’s $1,000 Spavin
Remedy; if it fails, you get back every cent you paid for it as stated in our $1,000
Warranty Bond. W rite us today and get our free diagnosis. Don’t let anyono
blister” or fire” because sucli methods are positively cruel, inhuman, extremely
painful, always leave a big scar and seldom do any good. Use Mack’s $1,000 Spavin
Remedy to remove the lameness quickly and without a bit of pain.
Relieves Cases Formerly Considered incurable
No matter liow long your horse hasbeen lame, or
What the nature of his lameness, you can absolute¬
ly rely upon Mack’s Si OOO Spavin Remedy.
We know of many cases where horse owners have
paid out big fees and had valuable animals tortured
with “firing,” “blistering”, and other good-for-
nothing methods and as a last resort tried Mack’s
81000 Spavin Remedy, and were amazed at
the painless, positive, quick and permanent cure.
It does not leave any scar, blemish or loss of hair—
absolutely no mark to show that the animal has
ever been lame. Safe to use on any horse, old or
young. It’s the surest remedy money can buy, and
It’s the only spavin remedy In the world that Is ab¬
solutely guaranteed by a
$1,000 Warranty Bond
Write for a sample of this bond and other value-
able information about lame horses. Mailed free
upon request.
Your Druggist Will Obtain
Mack’s $1,000 Spavin
Remedy For You—
If you ask him. Price $5. per bottle. If he re¬
fuses, remit $5.00 to us and we will see that your
order is filled without delay.
No matter where, when or from whom you buy
Mack’s 81000 Spavin Remedy the price is
the same. Every bottle is absolutely guaranteed,
and is accompanied by our 81000 Warranty Bond,
which insures you that your money will bo refund¬
ed If the remedy fails to do all we claim for it, as
stated in our guaranty.
Do not accept a substitute, for there is no other
remedy like Mack’s $1000 Spavin Remedy— nothing
so powerful and sure to cure. It stands supreme as
a remedy in all forms of lameness.
McKALLOR DRUB COMPANY
Binghamton, N. Ym
On picture
of horse
xuark with
an X just
whoro swell¬
ing or lame¬
ness occurs,
then clip out
coupon and
mail to us with
a letter, telling
what caused
the lameness,
how long horso
has been lame,
how it effects
the animal's
gait, ago of
horse, etc.
Wo will tell you just what tho lamonoss is, and how to
relieve it quickly. Absolutely no charge* Write today.
Free Book— “Horse Sense"
Send us the Free Diagnosis Coupon, get abso¬
lutely free a copy of our book “Horse-Sense.”
Describes and Illustrates diseases of horses
limbs, shows correct name for every part of
horse and tells valuable facts every horse
owner ought to know. ^ jj j
The Planet Jr No 72 two-
row Pivot- Wheel Cultivator, Plow, Furrowerand
Ridger is the greatest implement ever invented for saving time and
money on large crpps.
Works two rows at one passage, all widths from 28 to
44 inches, — and what’s more, works crooked rows, and rows
of irregular width ; and surprises everyone in check-rows.
Cultivates crops up to 5 feet high. Covers two furrows
of manure, potatoes or seed at a time. Never leaves
open furrows next to plants. The Planet Jr is designed
and built by a practical farmer and manufacturer. It
simplifies the work and prepares for big results.
Strong, compact and lasting. Fully guaranteed.
Write today for 19 n illustrated catalogue of all
Planet Jrs, including 55 kinds of horse and
band implements for every farm and gar¬
den need. Mailed free.
S L Allen & Co
Box 1107V Philadelphia Paf
t
i
f,
\
Sell One Horse
And for the selling price buy a wagon that will pull one horse lighter.
That is if you are now using three farm horses you can get along with
two; if you are using four, three will do your work with a
Davenport Roller - Bearing Steel Wagon
The Roller Bearing.
5000 Pounds Capacity
30% to 50%
Lighter Draft
Think of what that means to you. More trips, easier trips, fewer horses,
or larger loads, with the same horses and help.. Anyway you figure
it, it is a money-saving and a money-making proposition for you.
In the Davenport you have a wagon guaranteed for 5000 pounds capacity, with gears
of solid steel, rolled into the strongest forms known and trussed like the modern steel
bridge. The wheels are steel with strong, round spokes forged solidly into the hubs and
hot riveted into the tires. There is nothing to dry out, rot, shrink or work loose. No tires
to reset, no breakdowns, no repairs. Oil without removing the wheels. Let us tell you all the
facts. You should know what these advantages really mean to you. Then you won’t be
content till you own a Davenport. It will give you more than twice the service of the
best wooden wagon made. And it costs about the same Now write for Package No.36. ~
Davenport Wagon Company, Davenport, Iowa
33tt
STHIS RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 11,
SUMMER SILAGE WITHOUT A SILO.
Cured in the Stack.
PART L
The problem of Summer feeding,
either to take the place of pasture en¬
tirely, or to supplement it, is not a new
one, but there are different ways of
handling it, some of which may be of
interest to beginners, who are not so
fortunate as to have a silo full of corn
for the coming season. Pasture is often
worse than nothing, as without it, one
is forced to provide other feed, while
depending on pasture alone is often at¬
tended with great loss during a dry sea¬
son ; and there are few indeed, who are
making dairying an important part of
their business, who can afford to depend
on pasture alone for their Summer feed.
Making provision for a continuous sup¬
ply of green feed throughout the season,
to be cut and hauled almost daily, re¬
quires some judgment. After one fol¬
lows it a season through, he has gained
considerable experience, and there are
times when other work is pressing,
which is frequent enough, that the ad¬
vantage of having a good supply of si¬
lage on hand is very evident. While
soiling was far better than depending on
pasture, one season of it was enough to
satisfy us, and we determined to make
some other arrangepient for the next
Summer. In the first place, we found
that peas and oats sowed early, made a
great deal better growth than sowings
made later for succession ; therefore, the
next year we sowed all the peas and
oats as early as possible, and in what we
figured as sufficient quantity to carry us
until silage corn would be ready to feed.
It was, probably, rather a foolish thing
to^do, but we did not know at that time,
that according to some authorities on
such matters, legumes could not be suc¬
cessfully used for silage on account of a
MOTHER AND TWINS. Fig. III.
certain property they contained, but we
never knew of it until after we had been
using peas for Summer silage with
great satisfaction for two or three years,
and had also used clover and Alfalfa for
silage. The only trouble we had was to
get enough of it.
Canada field peas were sown broad¬
cast, about one to V/2. bushei per acre,
and plowed under to a good depth with
two and three horses. They never
seemed to get in too deep to come up,
when the seed was all right. Perhaps
on heavy soil it would be better to put
them in shallower. Just as an occasional
pea began to show above the surface, we
sowed about one bushel of oats per acre
and covered with spring-tooth harrow.
In doing this, we cut off so many of the
peas I was sure the crop was ruined,
but the peas did not mind anything so
small as having their heads cut off, for
they simply sent up two or three more
shoots to take their places. As an ex¬
periment, we sowed some corn and sun¬
flowers with the oats to help hold up
the peas, and as they grew up together,
the field was a beautiful sight, the peas
standing up straight until quite large,
being, as we supposed, held up by the
oats and sunflowers, and were going to
stay so, making nice work in cutting;
but the uselessness of planting anything
of the kind with peas on good ground,
expecting to hold the vines up _ in that
way, was very evident in gathering that
and other crops, for they all went flat
together. Of course, where only a peck
or so of peas are sown to the acre, or
on poor land, the peas are easily held up
with oats or buckwheat; in fact, can be
almost as easily gathered alone.
Peas naturally grow up straight for a
while anyway, of their own accord,
where sown thick enough to support each
other, but on rich land, the growth is
very heavy, and when to this is added
the weight of a rain and a little wind,
down they go, peas, oats, sunflowers
and all, in a thick mat on the ground,
even before the pods are filled with peas'
which would bring them down of their
own weight. Oats will go down alone
on rich land, and when peas take hold
of even a big sunflower about the neck,
he is unable to resist. It is the wrong
idea entirely to try to hold up the pea
in this way from the top, for they are
bound to go down if the crop is heavy.
The place to work is at the bottom, and
keep them from lying flat and close to
the ground, where it is almost impos¬
sible to cut them with the mower or
even a scythe, with any satisfaction ; and
with such a heavy growth lying flat on
the ground, the leaves often rot, and
there is nothing left of the lower part
but the tough stems, and a great part
of the feeding value of the crop is lost.
In looking around for some crop to sow
with peas that would keep them off the
ground, far enough to allow the mower
to cut below the mass of vines, we found
that the growth of rape on rich land
was just what we wanted. The heavy
leaves and short, stiff stalks of the rape
simply prevented the pea vines from
going clear to the ground, and the crop
was easily cut. The rape itself makes
a splendid feed, and after being cut off
in gathering the peas, even though only
a short stub is left, it soon starts in
leaf again. We usually commenced feed¬
ing the peas and oats in small quantities
while they were still quite green, but for
heavy feeding and for silage, we waited
until the peas were formed and most
of the pods well filled. The continual
popping, popping of the pea pods, in a
stable containing several cows, all busily
eating peas, is a pleasant feature of feed¬
ing this crop, but still more so is the
fact that the milk flow increases, and
the grain ration can be entirely dispensed
\yjth. ISAAC C. ROGERS.
Jumbo Combination
Wire Stretcher and Hoist
Two Perfect Tool* in One
Handiest device on the farm. You’ll
need it every day. Best wire stretcher
ever made. Light and easy to handle.
For hoisting boxes, barrels, machinery,
baled hay, lifting wagon box on or off gear,
for butchering, etc., it’s the very toolevery
farmer needs.
The Heavier the Load,
the Tighter the Grip
Locks automatically. Holds load safely
at any point. Our patent lock shoe and
dog makes slipping impossible. Works
perfectly regardless of condition of rope.
Good for years and years of hard wear.
Fully guaranteed. Price, $2.00 at dealers, or
from us express prepaid.
We also make Hoists,
400 lbs. to 5 tons capacity.
Write at once for our
Free Trial Offer
HALL MFG.
450 Main St. .
Monticello ^ iowa
CO.
C2J
With
An
Sizes
American
Saw
Mill
This simple, light running
mill makes more and better
lumber with less power and
less help than any other. You can
set up and operate any American mill
with the directions before you. If you
have no timber, your neighbors have.
Don’t let your engine lie idle.
124-Page Book, Free
Containing valuable suggestions about
the care of saws, fully describing the tea-
tures that make our mills best, giving
prices and guaranty and full information
about our Wood Saws, Shingle Ma¬
chines and other wood working ma¬
chinery. Write for book today.
American Saw Mill Machinery Co.
N. J.
ork
THERE is
no drudgery on the farm
equipped with David Bradley implements. There is a
joy in plowing with a perfect tool. The science and skill
of David Bradley have been making prosperous and happy
farmers for eighty years.
C Bradley Quality is the standard at which all others aim.
You are sure of getting it only in David Bradley imple¬
ments — the only standard implements sold from factory
to consumer direct at one-profit prices.
DAVID BRADLEY IDEAL $1 C95 UP
DISC HARROWS, IJ—
Made in all sizes; solid or cut out ; 16, 18 and
20-inch discs, with tongue or tongueless with
the celebrated Bradley oscillating tongue truck.
The Strongest and Most Up
to Date Disc Harrow
Money Can Buy.
Strong truss steel
frame with levers con¬
veniently placed; con¬
nect in g bar s from levers
to discs run under a
heavy steel adjustable
yoke, holding discs level
to cut a uniform depth.
- Oscillating spring
steel scrapers, operated by foot levers, clean the entire disc. Ihrow-off
levers on each scraper section enable the operator to raise scraper from
discs at any time with team in motion. Saves wear and lightens draft
when scrapers are not needed.
Disc bearings run in dustproof oil soaked maple lined boxings, with oil tubes
extending up through one-piece pressed steel weight boxes.
Discs are finest quality steel, sharp and specially temperedTo hold an edge, but
not so brittle as to break.
The Bradley Patent Spring Seat Post makes the Ideal the easiest ing of 0 ll disc
harrows. Savesdriver the jolt and jar common to other makes, while the low down lute
relieves team of neck weight. The most humane tool of its kind for both man and team.
([Refer to our big General Catalog for pictures, complete
descriptions and prices of David Bradley Plows, Harrows,
Planters, Cultivators, etc., the farm tools backed by eighty
years of knowing how; or send today for our Book of David
Bradley Farm Implements.
We can always supply promptly any repair part for any Bradley
implement, no matter when or where bought.
SEARS.ROEBUCK
AND CQ
CHICAGO'
Palmer 6 H.P.
Sawing' Outfit
With the above outfit,
Where can you invest
$14.50. 24-in. Saws. $4.1
PUMPING ENGINES
PALMER BROS.
HAY HOISTERS.
MARINE ENGINES.
Coscob, Conn.
COW COMFORT
Means additional profit. Simple
durable, easily locked. Foster
Steel Stanchions cannot be
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬
tom chains permit free head move¬
ment, .standing or lying down, yet
keep cattle lined up and clean.
Write for new booklet showing
model stables.
Foster Steel Stanchion Co.,
906 Ins. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.
Send for my booklet
and learn why these fas¬
teners are being installed
in the stables of many
PUBLIC
INSTITUTIONS
WALLACE B. CRUMB, Box M4, Forestvllle, Conn.
EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION
Warranted The Best. 30 Days’ Trial
Unlike all others. Stationary when open
Noiseless Simple Sanitary Durable
Tlie Wasson Stanchion Co.,
Box 60, Cuba, N. Y.
ROBF.KTSOX’S CHAIN
HANGING STANCHIONS
“I have used them for more
than TWENTY TEA US, and they
liavo given the very heat of satis-
fact on in every way,” writes
Justus H. Cooley, M.D., Plainfield
Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J. .
Thirty days’ trial on application
O. II. ROBERTSON
Wash. St., Forestvllle, Conn.
Death the Stomach
Worms Guaranteed
"Wo will send you 100 lba. of DR.
HOLLAND’S 31EDICATKD STOCK
SALT on 60 days’ trial freight
prepaid. If you derive no benefit,
It costs you nothing; If you do, It
costs you $6.00. Givo us your or¬
der at once.
The HOLLAND STOCK REMFDY
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio.
Boy
Can Work it
Accurate, thorough cultivation with the
Kraus Pivot-Axle bulky Cultivator is only a
matter of steering ; not of work. Instead of
pulling and pushing the entire gang or shovels
from side to sido as with the ordinary cultiva¬
tor the Kraus is steered by the slightest touch
of the foot, wheels and shovels moving side-
wIbo simultaneously, i ii 0% (V awb P
PIvOT-HaLc
SULKY
CULTIVATOR
Perfect for hillsides or
crooked rows. Instantly
adjustable for width of
row and depth and ankle
of shovel. High wheeled,
light draft, and perfectly
balanced.
If your dealer doesn’t
handle the Kraus, don’t
accept a substitute, wnte
us. Catalogue free.
AKRON CULTIVATOR CO.
- - DEPT. 13 AKRON. OHIO.
1911.
337
T'HE) RURAL NEW-YORKER
The Best Way To ConserveThe
Natural Resources 0 f \our Faun
YOUR land is your biggest asset. On its power to grow good
crops depends your very livelihood. What are you doing to
insurers continued fertility — your future prosperity?
There is a great national movement on foot now for “The
Conservation of Our Natural Resources.” Don’t think this ap¬
plies only to our forests and coal mines. The soil, too, has been
drained of its natural wealth by season after season of bumper
crops, b or your own good, join the soil conservation
movement now. Begin on your own farm. There is a
practical, economical, profitable way. Invest in an
I H C Manure Spreader
as hundreds of other farmers have done. By distribu¬
ting your manure with one of these efficient machines
you can keep your land always in top-notch condition.
^Barnyard manure is rich in the elements that enrich the
soil, and an I II C Manure Spreader enables you to
distribute it in the way to use all of it to the best
advantage. I H C Spreaders are so designed that
the manure can be spread in just the right amount
'required by the condition of the soil — a heavy coat
where it is most needed — a light
'top dressing where that is best.
They are simple and strong in
every part. Their dependability has
been proved by years of service.
IHC Spreaders are made in three styles :
Kemp 20th Century
Corn King Cloverleaf
in sizes suitable for any size farm.
Call on the IHC local dealer and see the one
best adapted to your needs. Ask him about the
bigger profits I II C Spreaders are bringing to
users. If you prefer, write direct for IHC Spreader
catalogue and full information.
International Harvester Company of America
(Incorporated)
I H C
Service Bureau
The purpose of
this Bureau is to
furnish farmers with
information on bet¬
ter farming. If you
have any worthy
question concerning
soils, crops, pests,
fertilizer, etc,, write
to the IHC Service
Bureau, and learn
what our e x p er t s
and others have
found out concern¬
ing those subjects.
Chicago
USA
5#:
I
■ £ f y’
§§§., V
y
BUSHELS MORE
POTATOES
PER ACRE
Where Planted With
MON ACE
(Improved Robbins) Average results obtained in a careful, thorough test
_ - against a “picker” planter by Maine State Experimen-
JrOlfilO Jl HiUlaCF tel Station, in. 1910. Ask ub quick for tho proof— we
i> .• . will send yon now bona fide copy o j their report in r-
Bulietin No. 188, which will bo ready about March 15 th. 8how8 exact results Also, com- 1
panson of level culture, high and moderate ridging. 100 per cent, perfect planting is what ■;
you want— no doubles, no misses, no injury to seed. Address, Man on rear seat makes *7*
BATEMAN M’F’t) CO. Box J02M Grcnloch, N. J. corrections only. X3F
/
I
Cow comfort and cow sanitation result in more
cow profits, and that alone should induce any
farmer or dairyman to seek these conditions. <
Louden Sanitary Steel Stalls anti Stanch¬
ions double the light and air in a ham and Insure
perfect ventilation, perfect sanitation— a result
impossible with any wooden equipment. Yet
LOUDEN STALLS AND STANCHIONS
are actually cheaper. Louden stalls of heavy
tubular steel, with malleable fittings, have no
flat surfaces for dust to accumulate— easy to keep
clean and almost indestructible.
Louden stanchions give cows more comfort
than other makes, yet keep them perfectly lined
up. Throat chains prevent cows from lying
down when milking. Simple and very durable.
Latch easily opened or closed with gloved hand,
but can’v be opened by animal. Send today
for free catalogue of sanitary, money-saving
barn equipment.
LOUDEN MACHINERY C0U 601 Broadway, Fairfield, la. /
INTO DOLLARS
mJtr . -- _ '/bW-'-iV/.-.
FOR THE "LAND’S SAKE" "K5EM5S*
You don’t need a Surveyor. Get a
Bostrom Improved Farm Level workyouiSS
THIS LEVEL IS NO MAKESHIFT. The outfit Includes Level. Telescopa
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Simplicity, Accuracy, Durability GUARANTEED. Used and endorsed in
every State in the Union, also Canada and Mexico. Shipped on receipt of
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IX not on sale in your town, order from
BOSTROM-BRADY MANUFACTURING CO.
323-A Brunswick Building' New York
The flame of a powerful blow-torch —
which is intense enough to even melt iron —
will not burn J-M Asbestos Ready Roofing
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Because of this mineral or stone
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Our nearest Branch will supply you
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SEND FOR THIS ODD STONE
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Write our nearest Branch now, and we’ll
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No. J- 48
H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.
BALTIMORE
BOSTON
BUFFALO
CHICAGO
CLEVELAND
DALLAS
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NEW ORLEANS
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Is Your Farm Spick and Span?
Lumber is growing more and more expensive every year. Don’t let valuable
buildings go to pieces for a little paint. Keep your farm buildings spick and
span with Moore’s Paints.
MOORE’S Bam’pailus
There is no better paint than Moore’s House Colors, for better paint cannot
be made. Your dealer probably has them. If not, write to us.
MOORE’S Paints and Var¬
nishes for every Purpose.
Don’t fail to use MURESCO to brighten and
beautify your rooms.
Write for descriptive literature.
BENJAMIN MOORE & CO.
Carteret, N. J.
Toronto, Can.
PROFITABLE INVESTMENT
*•>•*** _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
... Republic
OrnamentalFence
willcnhance the value
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Republic ggjTc e s
, aremade by cablinglarge heavily galvanized wires
„ - p and in serting heavy upright wire pickets, corrugated
only at point of intersection ; thus forming ail immovable joint
withoutinjuring the galvanized coating. Most durable fence made.
A variety of beautiful designs. May be erected with wood or iron posts.
r- write for catalog. If you need Farm Gates, write for Special Farm Gate Catalog.
REPUBLIC FENCE £ GATE CO., ai keeublic SI.. N. Chicago. III.
LIVE AGENTS
Wanted ■ Women
MukefdiV to #50 weekly
Exclusive territory if you
write now for agent’s
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article made. Agent’s out¬
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tory and get bu«y now.
Economy Vacuum Washer
washes clothes automatically in 10 to 30
minutes. No wear or tear of clothes.
Saves soap, fuel and all rubbing. No
machine to run. No labor. All copper-
lasts a life-time. Guaranteed for 7 yrs.
Money back after 30 days’ trial if dis¬
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Send for circular right now.
ECONOMY SALFS CO., Dept. ...Metro. Tower, N. Y
338
March 11,
WHAT IS “PURE BLOOD” AND “REG¬
ISTERED ? ”
Each issue of The R. N.-Y. has some¬
thing about registered stock, but not what
1 would like to know. We have no regis¬
tered stock near my place, and so 1 would
like to have some questions answered. What
is the difference between registered, grade
and purebred stock? Must stock give a
certain amount of milk and a specified
amount of butter fat before they can be
registered? In other words, what is re¬
quired of registered stock? w. k. t.
Pennsylvania.
A cow of “pure blood” is one whose
ancestry can be surely traced back for
many generations to a cattle of a defi¬
nite breed or family. For example, a
purebred Jersey is one whose ancestors
came from the Island of Jersey without
any cross, so far as known, with any
other breed or class of animals. A
“registered” cow is a pure blood animal
that has been recorded in a herd book,
which is a record kept by some organi¬
zation. For example, a Jersey calf with
both parents of pure blood would be a
pure-blooded animal but would not be
“registered” until its name and its pedi¬
gree had been recorded in the records
of the American Jersey Cattle Club. The
“registered” cow has the advantage, be¬
cause it is proof that she is a pure-
blooded animal, and also proof of her
ancestry or pedigree. All pure blood
animals can be registered on proof that
they are pure. The amount of milk they
can give does not affect such registra¬
tion, but most breeds have what is
called an advanced register. In this cows
are recorded when it is proved that they
give a certain large amount of milk or
butter. Because a cow is a “purebred”
it does not follow that she is sure to be
a very superior animal. The majority of
purebreds are superior, but their great,
practical value is their use as breeders.
For instance a bull with sisters, mother,
grandmother, etc., that were all heavy
milkers would be most likely to give
CLOTHES ARE “ALL WOOL.” Fig. 112.
these milking qualities to his heifer
calves. The “register” enables us _ to
know just what the bull has back of him.
AILING ANIMALS.
Goitre in Dog.
I have a dog that has an enlargement
of the glands of the throat, known, I be¬
lieve, as a goitre. At times he appears to
choke and has difliculty in breathing. He
Is now about 10 years old and has been
affected with it for two years. I have
tried numerous remedies, but none seems to
help. Could you inform me what to do
for It? A. s.
Montana.
Goitre in old dogs is incurable, often of
a cancerous nature, and involving the lungs.
Some relief may come from following treat¬
ment : Clip off the hair and paint enlarge¬
ments with tincture of iodine three times
a week. Give three grains of iodide of
potash in capsule form on three consecu¬
tive nights a week. If the dog is very
small and light, two grains of the iodide
will be sufficient. a. s. a.
Agalactia.
I had a cow that gave birth to her calf
about two weeks before time ; calf was alive
and strong, the cow doing all right. She
has been well and hearty all Winter, and in
good flesh. She is in good health now,
with a very good appetite, eating her full
rations of both hay and grain. She is a
young cow and heretofore has been one of
bur best milkers. But since calving, which
is about one week ago, she has not given a
drop of milk. Please give me cause, with
remedy for same, if possible. J. w. p.
Pennsylvania.
The cause cannot be confidently stated in
such cases. She may have suffered from in¬
digestion or some other ailment at the time
when she calved prematurely. Massage and
strip udder vigorously three times a day
and at night rub with brandy. Feed nutri¬
tious, laxative foods. Give her plenty of
outdoor exercise. If so treated the milk
flow may gradually come back. a. s. a.
Rickets in Shotes.
I have some shotes four months old stiff
in all four legs ; it seems to hurt them to
move ; they will squeal and tremble, can¬
not stand up long enough to eat. When
first weaned I fed them all the boiled pota¬
toes and wheat middlings they could eat
mashed together. The pens were new and
partly opened to the south, were warm but
seem to get damp. I cleaned out twice so
far this Winter and gave fresh litter.
Would too many cooked potatoes cause the
trouble? Very little corn was fed. They
were kept well bedded with straw.
Long Island. d. l. h.
Rickets and rheumatism present similar
Bymptoms. The damp quarters and lack of
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
exercise no doubt have induced the trouble.
Pens should be cleaned out daily, or at least
several times a week. Make the pigs take
abundant exercise out of doors. If this
cannot be managed, sprinkle shelled corn
on a large barn floor, cover with litter and
make the pigs root for the grain. Feed
light slop and mix lime water in it at the
rate of one ounce per quart. a. s. a.
Bloody Milk,
I have a heifer that gives bloody milk
out of one teat. There is no swelling or
lump in it. Gan you tell me what the
trouble is? reader.
Small blood vessels have ruptured as a
result of undue congestion of the udder,
or she may have had garget. In heifers
the cause usually is rupture of blood ves¬
sels. Bathe with cold water three times
daily and at night sponge with a lotion
composed of two teaspoonfuls of powdered
alum to a pint of cold water.
Thin Mare.
Can you tell me what to do for a mare
with foal that is very thin of flesh? We
are giving her oats and corn ground to¬
gether ; I give her four quarts twice a day.
We have been giving her condition powders,
but she does not gain in flesh. Do you
think her teeth need filing? She is 15
years old this Spring. G. E. H.
New York.
Do not feed ground food to a horse, so
long as the teeth can masticate properly.
Have her teeth put in order by a veterinary
dentist. Irregularities of the teeth may
well be causing lack of condition from in¬
digestion due to imperfect mastication. Do
not give condition powders to a mare in
foal. Feed whole oats, bran and hay.
Allow ear corn at noon while cold weather
continues ; let her occupy a box stall when
in the stable, but work her lightly every
day, or make her take abundant outdoor
exercise. a. s. a.
Stiffness in a Dog.
I have a collie dog, 14 months old, that
has had three or four spells of being lame
and stiff in his hind legs, at first in only
one, and the last time in both legs, last¬
ing perhaps 12 hours at a time. It works
off by exercising, then comes on after
lying down a few minutes. lie looks in
pain. Last Summer he was clipped and
had a good coat by cold weather, but all
Winter he has been shedding till now he
has a new short coat, but still sheds. I
give him a bath about every two weeks.
He sleeps in the house and eats mostly
bread and potato with grease. He is very
particular about eating. lie likes milk,
but we don’t have it; has some bones to
gnaw. Could you tell me what to do?
New York. E. c. H.
Often in such cases the dog has had a
fit, or he may be affected with chorea (St.
Vitus dance). Make him live an outdoor
life. Do not feed potatoes. Do not use
any carbolic wash or dip in bath. Feed
meat and vegetable soup. Oatmeal porridge
also is suitable. a. s. a.
Catarrh.
I have an old horse in good condition,
feels good, acts like a colt, but will have a
discharge in one side «jf the nose, every
little while, sometimes thin and clear, other
times thick, yellow clots ; is worse when
worked and driven. I have painted his
pose with petroleum and puffed in iodo¬
form; he seems all right at times, then the
discharge comes again. This has been do¬
ing so for nearly one year. The horse eats
well, feels extra good and is fat. Can you
advise me? J. F. B.
Connecticut.
A diseased molar tooth may be the cause
and the discharge would cease, could you
have the tooth removed by trephining. If
it is ordinary catarrh syringe out once
daily with warm water containing a dram of
tannic acid to the pint. In feed mix twice
daily a dram of dried sulphate of iron. In
1 days change, if necessary, to a like dose
of powdered sulphate of copper, and in an¬
other 10 days to a like dose of iodide of
potash. Alternate the treatment until he
is well. a. s. a.
You don’t have to unbox It. You
don’t have to put it together. You
don’t have to start it. You don’t
have to do anything by guess. You
don’t have to take any risk or
responsibility.
You let us hear from
you and we will deliver
the separator, show you
how to operate it, how
to make it pay you, and
show you how it costs
you less than any sepa¬
rator for which
you are asked
to send money
in advance. This machine
will be guaranteed forever
by America’s oldest and
the world’s biggest cream
separator concern. We
can make that guar¬
antee because Tubu¬
lars are The World’s
Best— wear a lifetime —
whereas cheapseparators
last, on the average, one
year. Write for catalog
No. 153, and say you
want a Tubular set up in your home— free—
with no
expense or
trouble to
you.
30
y™
A SHARPLES
Cream Separator
Delivered at Your Home
No Money In Advance
No Freight to Pay
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, 1*A.
Chicago, I1L, San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can .,_Wlnnl]>efc_Can. _
PRACTICAL FARMERS PREFER
practical machines with no experimental or “freakish” features; they know that
JOHNSTON farm machines represent the most advanced development along
practical lines. The name JOHNSTON on farm machinery spells SATIS¬
FACTION in every civilized country.
Simplicity, strength and durability characterize all JOHNSTON ma¬
chines. They are easily operated, cheaply maintained, and adaptable to all con¬
ditions of soil and grain. They cost more to manufacture, but cost the farmer
no more than cheaply-built machines and give much longer dependable service.
The JOHNSTON No. 10 Mower has many good features; cuts a clean
swath in any grass on level or hillside; easy to operate, to pass obstructions and
turn corners; simple and strong; the best Mower made for long service. We
also make a one-horse Mower.
JOHNSTON iMACHINER^
The JOHNSTON line includes Grain Binders, Reapers,
Rakes, Manure Spreaders, Spring and Spike Tooth Har¬
rows, Side -Delivery Rakes, Mowers, Tedders, Hay
Loaders, Corn Binders, Disc and Orchard Harrows, and
Land Rollers.
Write to-day for JOHNSTON 1911 catalog — it’s free
and full of valuable farm machinery information. Or advise
what machine you are particularly interested in, and we’ll
send booklet.
THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO,
I
[should be contracted for before corn planting- can serve
[YOURSELF AND NEIGHBORS BY BUNCHING THEM IN CAR LOTS AS
EARLY BUYERS SAVE MONEY
AS WE SHALL PAY FREIGHT OVER THE ROAD ONCE ONLY FROM THE MILL
DIRECT TO YOUR HOME TOWN
l CATALOGUES OF ENSILAGE CUTTERS
\DI5TRIBUT0RS & CATTLE STANCHIONS
FOR DAIRYMEN AND FEEDERS
KALAMAZOOSco
You can shove ensilage out ofthe unobstructed,
continuous door front of aTJna<lilla£ilol5 cents
a ton cheaper tnan yon can pitch it up 3 to 6 ft,
over cross-bars on an ordinary silo,
TTnadllla Silo doors shove up — most others
push in, making it necessary to feed to the
bottom of these doors before they can be opened.
Non-breakable Iuks, cold rolled over threads on
end of steel hoops — % stronger than ordinary
cut thread hoops. Write for 25 Reasons Why.
Extra discount for early orders, Agents wanted.
UNAIHLLA SILO CO., Box B, Unadllla, N. Y.
Continuous-Opening, Braced
Door - Frame, Permanent
Ladder, Interchangeable
Doors, Lightest and
Tightest Doors.
Strongest Hoops,
Best Materials,
Three Styles, Five
kinds of Lum¬
ber, a hundred
other advan¬
tages. All
described
in our
Cata¬
log.
Our
Silo
Catalog
contains
the latest
Information
about Silos.
We invented
the Modern Silo
and have led the
way in improve¬
ments. We offer the
largest variety of
styles and sizes. Send
for our catalog of Silos
and Silo Fillers. “The
kind Uncle Sam uses.”
Harder mfg. Company
BOX I 1 COBLESKILL, N. Y.
249 Page Book On
Silos and Silage
10c
Most complete work on this subject
published. Used as text book by
many Agricultural Colleges. Gives
the facts about Modern Silage Meth¬
ods— tells just what you want to
know. 240 pages— indexed — over 40
illustrations, a vast amount of useful infor¬
mation boiled down for the practical farmer.
Tells “How to Make Silage” — “How to Feed
Silage” — “How to Build Silos” — “How to Main¬
tain Soil Fertility by Silage System.” All about
“Summer Silos” and the Use of Silage in Beef
Production. Limited Revised and Enlarged
Edition now ready. Send for your copy before
too late. Enclose 10c in coin or postage stamps
and mention this paper.
(Silver Manufacturing Co., Salem, utiio
FREE TO FARMERS
A Valuable 160-page book entitled
*!SILO PROFITS”
Written by 200 of the most successful
Feeders, Farmers and Dairymen In
the World. Every farmer In
America should read this book, and
as long as our supply of these books
last we will mall one copy free to
each person asking for It. It gives
theactual experience of these farm¬
ers and In their own words.
Our Factories are located at An¬
derson, Ind., DesMolnes, Iowa, and
Kansas City, Write NOW «c;|A
Missouri. <* for this book SlIO A FOlltS
INDIANA SILO COMPANY -
318 Union Building, Anderson, Indian^
OREEN MOUNTAIN
SILOS
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative if you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
, CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.,
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
BOOST YOUR
STO K PROFITS
GetaSiio. But get a pood one. Choose,,
carefully— and wisely. Geta Lansing If
you want the most that a Silo can mean
to your profits. Thousands of other
progressive farmers have proved
Lansing Silos
best. Madeof best wood. All-steel Hoops
and Draw Lugs. Convenient Continu¬
ous Doorway with Ladder Front. Many
other features that make Lanslngs
superior. Write for best book on '
silos and silo profits. Address
postal now to
Severance Tank & Silo Co.
Dept. 329 banging, Mich.
THE ROSS SILO
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stave.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes winter feed equal to June
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
will 6ave you money. Agents wanted.
The E. W. lloss Co.(Est.ia50)
Box 13 Sl’IUNUnt.LJ). OHIO
1911.
RUKAIv NEW-YORKER
336
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE:
Apple Prices. — It is stated that Oregon
apples have been selling in the wholesale
markets in the East this Winter for less
than New York barreled stock. Is this a
fact? E. c.
Connecticut.
Yes, this is true, but the opposite is also
true, as so much depends upon the class
of trade meant. A wholesaler whose busi¬
ness was largely with fancy fruiterers and
high-class hotels could get higher prices for
the Western apples on account of their high
color. But for the general consumptive
trade, where quality is the chief considera¬
tion, Eastern apples sell higher, provided
they are of standard varieties, Spy, Green¬
ing, Baldwin, etc., well grown and honestly
packed. No handsomer apple comes to New
York than the Spy, as grown in parts of
New York State, Vermont and other sec¬
tions of New England, unless it be, per¬
haps, the Newtown from the Albemarle sec¬
tion. But the majority of Eastern grown
apples are not in the same class with the
Rocky Mountain or Pacific Coast product
in the matter of color. Each has its special
place to fill in trade, much the same as
the different breeds of cattle.
Efficient Freight Service. — In the dis¬
cussion of railroad rates, etc., comparatively
little has been said about efficiency of ser¬
vice, a matter that concerns shippers and
receivers of freight even more than rates,
within reasonable limits. Careless handling
of goods and unnecessary delays are con¬
stant sources of loss to owners of the goods.
The value of perishable products is thus
discounted from 25 to 75 per cent, and
with other goods it is necessary for the
dealer to carry an excessive stock or lose
trade because of delayed shipments. Trans¬
portation companies are amenable to the
courts for damage, but as a rule lawsuits
against them are unsatisfactory, and in
the end cost more than the actual damage,
unless the latter be extraordinarily heavy.
There are some exceptions, but under these
circumstances the common railroad prac¬
tice has been to pay as few claims and be
as long about it as possible. This has
proven a short-sighted policy, antagonizing
the public, which is ready to applaud and
support almost any restrictive measure, not
considering carefully whether it is just or
not. Had the attitude of the railroads
toward the public been based on accommo¬
dation and efficiency instead of the idea
that “you have got to patronize us and
we'll do as we please,” there would have
been no cause or demand for such restric¬
tive legislation.
It is often hard to determine what are
“reasonable” freight rates, as the necessary
operating expenses of some roads, owing
to bridges, grades, upkeep, proportion of
empties carried, etc., varies on different
roads. But reasonably ellicient service is a
matter that can be determined much more
readily, and it is a fit subject for investiga¬
tion by a commission with full purpose and
jurisdiction to sift it to the bottom. What
those who patronize freight service need
most is efficiency. They want the work
done as well and as quickly as common
business sense would consider fair in other
lines of trade, and are willing to pay what
is necessary to have the work done well.
The freight question can never bo settled
satisfactorily on any basis other than ef¬
ficient service.
The Egg Situation. — What is the mat¬
ter with the egg market just now? I re¬
ceived 16 cents a dozen yesterday from a
huckster who is collecting butter and eggs
through my section and shipping it to the
wholesale commission merchants. This is
10 cents a dozen less than the price was
last year at this date, and if they are
going down at this rate, we will see 10
and 12 cents a dozen eggs in April and
May. What is the cause of all this? Are
the receipts so heavy? s. M.
Pennsylvania.
There are two special reasons for the
present depression of the egg market. The
first is that on account of the compara¬
tively open Winter production has been
heavier than usual. The other cause is
that a ban has been put on stale eggs by
the pure food authorities. It was formerly
possible to sell eggs in almost any condi¬
tion. Speculators who had disposed of part
of their holdings for enough to make a
profit on the whole amount would take a
risk with the remainder, knowing that if
a temporary scarcity came they could
quickly unload their stock at an increased
profit, and, if not. the long stored eggs
would bring something anyway for bakers’
use. Carbonate of ammonia, boracic acid,
formaldehyde and other materials known
to the chemist can cover a multitude of
liquid egg defects, after the worst of the
black spots are picked out. But owing to
the activity of inspectors this is getting to
be dangerous business, and there is cor¬
respondingly less inducement to hold eggs
beyond the period of risk.
The New York egg market has been on
a decidedly artificial basis this Winter.
For several weeks an attempt was made to
keep the price of fancy white eggs 10 cents
above the best mixed colors. This was un¬
reasonable, except for a very small fraction
of the trade. The white egg that sells for
75 cents or so per dozen is all right to
read about in story books and makes good
talking material for those who feel sure
that Standard Oil stock is but a feeble divi¬
dend producer compared with the hen. But
most people who sell white eggs have to get
a little nearer to earth than this. There has
been no time this past Winter when the
choicest white eggs, from three to five days
old, could not be had in single dozen lots in
New York for 50 cents. Most of the time 40
or 45 cents would buy them, and recently 35
cents — not in all sections of the city, of
course, but accessible to thousands of buy¬
ers. A great many who buy these white
eggs do so solely because they are more
reliable in quality, and not because of their
whiteness. It is the writer’s opinion that
if brown and mixed eggs were as well as¬
sorted as to quality and size, and reason¬
able care taken in crating uniform colors,
they would very soon sell as well in New
York as they now do in Boston or any
other market that is supposed to prefer
brown eggs. The trouble with a largo
number of the brown and mixed eggs sent
to New York is that they are of mixed
quality with all the colors of eggdoin in
one case. What the majority of egg buyers
want is good size and uniformly good qual¬
ity, and there will be little discrimination
against brown shells when they find that
the contents may be depended upon.
w. w. H.
Crops Among Peach Trees.
What would be best to plant on a field
that two years ago was heavily fertilized
with balnyard manure for Lima beans, and
last year with a complete fertilizer and a
very heavy coating of lime for cabbage?
One-year-old peach trees are growing on
this ground. g. w. g.
South Chatham, N. J.
In discussing any crop we must consider
the man who grows it an dthe market or
demand. In' this case potatoes are barred
on account of the lime, and we would not
follow with cabbage. We do not like tall
growing crops like corn or Lima beans
among young trees. Tomatoes or peppers
would do well, or onions, melons or bush
beans.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
Cuts Fodder, Fills Silo
Like Lightning-Single Handed!
Eight out of every ten cutters on American
farms are the powerful, double-energy
••SMALLEY”— the world's only positive
Force-Feed Cutter! For 54 years— over half
a century— the “Smalley” has been the
King of Cutters!
The old, time-tried and reliable “Smalley”
Force-Feed Ensilage and Fodder Cutter will
fill your silo like lightning — single-hnnded— this
fall and save you a vast amount of money and
labor!— just as it is doing for scores of thousands
of thinking business farmers!
SMALLEY KS* Ensilage Cutter
The powerful chain feed with grip hooks shoots
the bundles along— without jamming or shoving.
No Jamming 1 No Clogging 1 No Silo loo High! No Danger!
Tlie Smalley’s capacity Is 25% greater— size
for size and price for price— than any other
cutter made!
The capacity of the “Smalley” is so great that TEN-
INCH blowerpipeis necessary ; would clog a smaller pipe.
Our new 1911 improvement is the new-construction
feed table, metal-faced (see circlo at left), so constructed
that chain cannot interfere with
cutting knives.
Valuable, New
1911 Book— FREE
Our 1911 catalog contains a
itorehouso of valuable en¬
silage facts! Your copyof this
50-pago book is waiting for you—
a postal or a letter brings it by
return mall! Address (13)
SMALLEY MFG. CO.
(Established 1857)
13 Rich SL, Manitowoc, Wls.
AND UP.
WARD
AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
SENT ON TRIAL, FULLY
GUARANTEED. A new, well
made, easy running separator for
$lo.9o. Skims hot or cold milk;
heavy or light cream. Different
from this picture which illus¬
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marvel, easily cleaned. Whether
dairy is large or small, obtain our
handsome free catalog. Address
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.
Removes Bursal Enlargements,
Thickened, Swollen Tirsues,
Curbs, Filled Tendons, Soreness
from any Bruise or Strain,
Cures Spavin Lameness, Allays
Fain l)ocs not Blister, remove
the hair or lay the h^rso up. $3.00 a
bottle, delivered. Book 1 D free.
ABSORBING, JR., (mankind$1.00
— bottle.) For Synovitis, Strains, Gouty
or Rheumatic Deposits, Varicose Veins, Varico¬
cele, Hydrocele. Allays pain. Book free.
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
This Safety Lift
Saves Your Strength
You can do moro heavy lifting alone than three men by
the use of this handy device. Has a scoro of uses on the
fa i m every day. Saves time and labor.
.Inst the thing: for changing wagon boxes and anto
bodies, stretching wires, moving heavy Btones, Rtorin^
machinery, hoisting grain, doing any kind of lifting
about the farm.
Morgan Safety Lift
Locks At Any Angle
Holds or releases a load at a given point
without use of confusing check cord. Cam
grips rope without gouging. Henvicr the load,
the tighter it grips. N<> extra parts to get out
of order. So simple it can bo operated by
one hand.
Made Entirely of Steel
Pulleys and blocks of best possible construc¬
tion. Will last a lifetime. Drop forged
swivel hook makes it easy to move load
about without unfastening lift.
Sold Direct From Factory
Made in two sixes. 2,500 lbs. capacity
$1.75. 0,000 lbs. capacity $3.00 These prices
good for a limited time only. Order di¬
rect from the manufacturer and save
dealer's and jobber’s profits. Handiest thing
you ever bad on the farm. Send for one to-day
— at once — while you think of it— and take ad¬
vantage of these special introductory prices.
MORGAN BLOCK CO.
Dept. 18, Cleveland, O.
DAIRY SUPPLIES
We are headquarters forMilk Bottles,
Cans. Caps, Carriers, Churns, Drain¬
ers, Pasteurizers, Separators, lea
Crushers, etc., and every utensil used
by handlers of milk, cream, butter,
eges, ice cream or cheese. Bestfoods,
fair prices, prompt shipments. Satis¬
faction guaranteed. Send ns today
your list of needs. No order too small.
WISNER MFG. CO , 23fl A Greenwich Sh.N.Y.
Everything For Dairymen Always In Stock
At Less Than Cost of Bran
m
Read these actual proofs that the NEW
Proof That Proves
The Quaker Oats Co.
Gentlemen : During the past few
months 1 have fed my dairy a ration com¬
posed of equal parts of Gluten Peed and
and Distillers Grains. About two weeks
ago I left out the Distillers Grains and
began using Schumacher Peed in its place
and feeding just the same amount. In two
days my dairy has gained thirty pounds
of milk per day. At present I am getting
os much 425 lbs of milk per day from four¬
teen cows. Thirteen of these cows have
been milked since last March and April.
The most i mportant point to be considered
in this test is the fact that, while Schu¬
macher’s cost me $6.00 per ton less than
the Distillers Grains, my cows actually
gained in milk production by feeding
it, and at the same time when, as every
dairyman knows, it is the tendency for
cows that have been milked continuously
as long as these have, to shrink,
J. E. Murray, Freedom, N. Y.
Gained 62 lbs of Milk
in Three Days
The Quaker Oats Co.
Gentlemen: I was feeding one bushel
Gluten. 1 bushel Bran, and 1 bushel of
Cornmeal mixed, (equal parts bulk), when
I wa9 advised to feed one bushel Gluten
and two bushels of Schumacher Stock
Peed. I was milking 18 cows: in three
days my cows gained 62 pounds of milk.
They continued to do fine. I used up my
supply of Schumacher and went after
more but the dealer was out. I bought
bran and meal and went back to my
former ration. In two days my cows
dropped down 50 pounds in milk. I bought
more Sohumacher as soon as I could, and
am getting very fine results again. My
cows not only give more milk but keep in
better condition. I have also fed my
horses Schumacher Feed.andl never had
them keep in as good shape doing heavy
- " 3, AMES. Delevan. N. Y.
work.
O. B.
Gets Better Milk and
More Cream
The Quaker Oats Co.
We have used Schumacher Feed nearly
five years. From time to time I have
tried others but we are always forced
back to Schumacher to get our usual rich
quality of milk. The lack of cream on
top of our bottles is not only noticeable
to us but also the source of complaint
from our customers, when we are not feed¬
ing Schumacher Feed. Naturally we can
highly recommend it.
Respectfully,
D. R. Ilarvey, Supt. Willow Brook Farm,
Jan. 4,1911. Elmira, N. Y.
SCHUMACHER
Feeding Plan is a
Wonderful Milk Maker
Wonderful Money Maker
You can’t afford not to test it in face of these letters.
Here is the Plan — Try it
You, no doubt, are feeding high protein concentrates such as
gluten, cotton seed meal, malt sprouts, oil meal, Blue Ribbon Dairy
Feed and other similar high protein feeds, etc. If you will combine
Schumacher Feed with any of these in % to % the ration, you will not
only save $5.00 to $8.00 per ton on your feed, but get far better results in both milk
and “condition” of your cows. We don’t ask you to take our word for this— just read
the “actual proofs’ ’ in the letters herewith.
The Reason Schumacher Feed does so well, is because it is the best complete
_ ration in the world— the acme of feed-making science. Supplies those
nutrients your ration lacks, which build strong tissue and rich blood— which
nourish the body and give the animal that strength and vitality so essential
when she is under the strain of continued milk flow. A corn, oats, barley
and wheat by-products feed. The best “balanced” ration you can use
It is an excellent feed for hogs. Get it at your dealers. If ha
can’t supply you, write us.
JTfte Quaker Oats Co., Chicago^
Largest Manufacturers of Feed ,,
in the World
Schumacher Feed is Also Fine for AII Farm Stock
Better Result&\
More Good Proof
The Quaker Oats Co.
Gentlemen : Schumacher Feed has
been a large factor in the ration we
feed onr herd for the past two years.
We feed one-haif Schumacher and one
hair Gluten Food. This Hummer our feed
dealer was out of Shumacher and wo
bought ono ton of bran to take its place.
After feeding this a few da.'s we saw our
cows were shrinking. A ear of Schumach¬
er arrived after we had led 1,600 pounds
of bran. We changed directly to Schu¬
macher and in three daysour cows gained
a ten-gallon can of milk. Duringono week
of last June we milked l.GCOpoundsof milk
a day from forty cows which you will note
is an average of forty pounds to the cow.
Uhls was done on a ration of Schumacher
reed and Gluten. The strong argument
in favor of Schumacher Feed is that it
keeps our cows in good flesh while they
reproducing milk. Every cow we have
f°h* during the past yearhasgone directly
to the slaughter house and she has been
» d after producing a large flow of milk
all the season. We consider it a hard
proposition to make milk the year around
as we do, without Schuinachor Feed.
_ „ Yours very truly,
0. Haskell & Son, Sandusky. N. Y.
Milk Always Passes
Inspector’s Tests
The Quaker Oats Co.
We are feeding Schumacher Feed to our
herd of 200 cows and find it gives strength
and body to our ration. It keeps cows
strong and fat, which is essential with us
as we do not raise caves, but sell our cows
forbeef as soon as dry. Our milk is sold
to East Liberty residents and is constant-
1 y subject to tests as to puri ty and qual ity.
It always passes and wo give Schumacher
the credit.
Yours very truly,
Hartman Bros.,
Pittsburg. Pa.
Feeds it to 300 Cows
The Quaker Oats Co.
I am feeding Schumacher Feed to my
herd of 300 cows at Braeburn Dairy Farm
and shall continue to do so. It is just tho
feed to “balance” our high protein con¬
centrates. It keeps my cows fat, strong
and always ready for market. I can also
feed a greater quantity of high protein
feed, thereby increasing my miik product-
}on. Sohumacher is certainly an excel¬
lent feed for dairymen.
Joseph Groves,
Braeburn, Pa.
340
March 11,
THE RURAI> NEW-YORKER
The Henyard.
THE HENWOMAN’S HENS.
On page 10 we gave the statement of a
woman in Massachusetts who has started
under unusual conditions to keep hens.
She promised to give a monthly statement
of her business. This is the second in¬
stallment.
Statement for January, 1911, from
the Massachusetts lien woman :
Took in :
Received for eggs . $37.71
For .12 fowls . 10.36
Total . $48.07
Paid out :
Grain bill . $29.70
Grain bill . 4.70
Oil for incubators . 5.00
Roof . 35
$39.81
Cleared . $8.26
And this is better than it sounds,
because we have grain enough to last
till March 6 (bought January 25). We
reckon that it does not cost $5 a week
to feed 150 birds, but nearer $3.50. We
are getting from 130 birds 55 to 59 eggs
a day, and retailing them for 40
cents a dozen. For fowls we get 19
cents a pound wholesale. We have now
240 eggs for incubating, and have also
enough for our customers. But, I said,
January would sound well, but wait till
May or June. We shall have all those
chickens to rear, on nothing. If we had
to pay one cent for labor we should lose
dreadfully. I believe, however, time will
tell. We have liked the answers so
much, and hope they will continue. In
April we move on to a real farm where
we shall have a horse, cow, hens, one
acre of land to cultivate and land for our
hens (we hope to have 300 by April),
pasture for cow and wood lot. This
farm is in Lincoln. We pay $350 a
A YOUNG POULTRYMAN. Fig. 113.
year for it, and we have to build our
own henhouse and buy our own hay.
Query. — How would you manage this
proposition? Would you raise your
own vegetables or give the acre to corn
and cabbage, feed for cow and hens?
I will send you our assets and liabilities
for a year. There are three of us, my
husband, my brother and myself, and
we shall keep one hired girl. We do
not ask to make money ; all we ask is in
two years to learn to make a farm —
with our labor thrown in — give us a
living. I believe it can be done — if you
know how — and work like a slave.
E. H.
COOKED FEED FOR POULTRY.
Is bran, middlings and cornmeal with a
few oats all cooked together better for all
purposes for poultry than uncooked food?
What feed is best for stimulating an egg
yield ? J. M. s.
Bridgeton, N. J.
Ans. — For a long time it was thought
by most feeders of animals of all kinds
that cooked food was much more di¬
gestible and gave better results than un¬
cooked food, but careful experiments
finally determined that the gain was not
enough to pay for the extra time and
labor required to cook the food. I think
very much of oats as a food for poul¬
try, and for man, too ; my breakfast
consists mainly of oatmeal and milk,
and the way I use the oats for poultry
is to put about three quarts in a 12-
quart pail, pour our skim-milk on them
and let it set on the kitchen stove from
breakfast time to noon. The oats will
swell to double the quantity put in, they
are softer, and the fowls eat them bet¬
ter than when dry. But I don’t feed
the oats alone ; I pour the milk and
soaked oats into the big iron pot I use
for mixing feed and stir in bran, mid¬
dlings, a little cornmeal and beef scraps,
and feed the “mash” in troughs at noon
time. Don’t feed much dry feed in the
morning ; keep them scratching in the
litter by having them still unsatisfied,
hungry; then at noon they will go for
that mash greedily. At night be more
liberal with the dry feed. I like to go
around after the hens have gone to.
roost and feel their crops full and round.
GEO. A. COSGROVE.
Roup Remedy.
Can you find out for me the proper
amount of permanganate of potash to use
with specified amount of water for roup?
New Jersey. u. J. c.
You will find it all in “The Business
Hen.” Mr. Cosgrove advises enough of
the permanganate crystals to give the water
a strong wine color, say a teaspoonful to
8 or 10 quarts. This is to be used to pre¬
vent roup — not to cure it. Use when the
ducks begin to show wet nostrils.
Stone Poultry Houses.
I should like the opinion of those who
have tried it, of making feeder houses
and henhouses of stone. I have an enox--
mous quantity of stone on my place, and if
it were suitable for that purpose, I could
get the stone out of the way and put it to
good use. G. s. jp.
Stratford, Conn.
We have had little experience with stone
or even concrete houses. Stone houses we
have never considered, because of the ex¬
pense of building even when the stone costs
nothing at all. The mere matter of laying
stone usually costs more than the construc¬
tion of a wooden house. There are a few
concrete block houses in the country which
are giving satisfaction. Such a house is
written up in bulletin form and recently
published by the Minnesota Experiment Sta¬
tion. Speaking from general experience, I
would think it not impossible to construct a
brooder house or a laying house out of
stone, using the same general ideas of ven¬
tilation as practiced in other buildings. I
would expect the stone house, however, to be
colder in Winter as well as cooler in the
Summer. Where artificial heat is supplied
as in a bi-ooder house, this factor would not
be so objectionable, whereas the additional
coolness of the house in the Summer would
make it very desii-able for young chicks.
C. A. ROGERS.
NERVES
NEED
the same as babies.
Babies can’t take care
of themselves, nor can
nerves.
Babies cry for atten¬
tion — so do nerves.
Probably both are half-
starved for proper
nourishment.
Give them
SCOTT'S EMULSION.
Shavings for Litter.
We have used planer shavings with good
results. As they are dry they absorb the
moisture from the droppings and prevent
dampness, and being light the gi-ain works
down into them, keeping the hens busy,
although we prefer about four inches of
dry sawdust and eight or 10 inches of
straw on top of the sawdust. The hens
mav pick up some sawdust, but xiot
enough to do any harm ; at any rate we
have never had any -wooden eggs.
Maine. willow nest yards.
As to “planer shavings” for sex-vice in
the scratching shed, I have used them for
quite a long time with the best of results,
and when you can get shavings made from
local cedar, as I have been able to do, it is
a sure preventive for lice and other
vermin on fowls. The Southern cedar has
not the strong but agreeable smell of that
gi'own in the Northern States. c. Q. e.
Connecticut.
The Man with the Hoe
Wants a Good Fertilizer
For the land’s sake
give him BOWKER’S
Don’t do a good job with the hoe, and a poor one
with the fertilizer. As long as you must hoe, why
not have the best possible crops to show for it?
Thorough cultivation coupled with the right fertilizer,
and enough of it, will increase the production and
profits of any farm.
We have a brand to fit every crop and every
pocket-book, and every bag of fertilizer we ship is
backed by forty years of experience, prompt service,
the best materials, the best facilities.
We want agents wherever we are not now represented.
Write today for prices and terms ; this may mean a good
business for you if you act at once.
Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue and calendar.
We want you to know Bowker’s before you buy your spring
fertilizer.
T> JZ 1? fertilizer company,
DU VV XV Fj JLV 77 Lyman St., Buffalo, N. Y.
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers.
PETER COOPER’S PURE BONE DUST
THE OLD RELIABLE SINCE 1827
STERLING BRANDS OF
COMPLETE FERTILIZERS
SPECIAL BLENDS FOR SPECIAL CROPS
: Send for Booklet : :
PETER COOPER’S FERTILIZER.
BRANDS
FENCES
STRONGEST
MADE. Bull-
6trong chlck-
en-tlght Sold to the user at Wholesale
I’rlees. We I“ajr Freight. Catalogue free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,
Box 263 Winchester, Indiana.
3—
*=
WE SELL FARMS ill Oceana, best County in U. S.
Fruit, Alfalfa, Grain, Vegetables, Stock, Poul¬
try. J. D. S. HANSON & SON, Hart, Mich.
FOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile
Delaware Valley. New catalogue
Horace G. 'Reeder, Newtown, Pa
150 Farms
and map free.
m m
U-..
nay atr^i
. mt xu
40 Acres Si* 5
auai A KIP Fences and Gates for Farm, Home,
LluLUHt Parks or Cemeteries. Increase prop-
w ■ wab erty values. Strong, Lasting, Hand¬
some. Easily erected— all heights up to 10 feet. Our
catalog and prices will interest you. We pay freight.
The Cyclone woven wire fence co.
1237 E. 66th STREET CLEVELAND, OHIO
STOUT— STRONG— DURABLE— CHEAP
Brown Fences will outlast any other because of
i heavier wires and thicker galvanizing. Investigate
before you buy* 160 styles for all purposes.
Bargain Prices-14c Per Rod Up
delivered at your railway station. Send today for
catalog and free sample for test.
THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO..
Dept. 69 CLEVELAND. OHIO
Pasture
40 Acres
Wheat
30 Acres
Oats 10 Acres
Fences cost almost nothing compared
with results obtained
A farm of 160 acres fenced into five fields, as shown in the diagram, takes 1,040
rods of fence. At fairly reasonable prices the year’s yield from this farm is:
Wheat . $600.00
Oats... . 157.50
Hogs . 400.00
Cattle . - 1000-00
Market value of year's crop.... . $2157.50
Cost of complete fence . . $350
Or, in ten years, value of yield $21,575 —
and the fence still good
What did the fence do? Besides enclosing the fields it facilitated crop
rotations and the feeding of stock. Without the fence the same profit could not
have been realized from the stock.
Fences cost almost nothing compared with results obtained.
American fence is made better than ever. It is a thoroughly galvanized square mesh
......... possible. — . . , - - - . i
and yet are free to act like a hinge in yielding to pressure, returning quickly to place
without bending or injuring the metal.
n 1 _ Stocks of American Fence are carried in every place where
Uealers livery wnere farm supplies are sold. The Fence is shipped to these points
in carload lots, thereby securing the cheapest transportation, and the saving in freight thus made
enables it to be sold at the lowest prices. Look for the American Fence dealer and get the
substantial advantages he is enabled to offer. He is there to serve the purchaser in person, otter
the variety of selection and save the buyer money in many ways.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver San Francisco
Send for copy of “ American Fence News,” profusely illustrated, devoted to the interests of farmers and show-
inQ how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power Of a farm* Furnished free upon applicatw
1911.
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
341
MARKETS
Week Ending March 3, 1911.
BOTTEB
Receipts are large and prices two to three
cents lower.
Creamery, fancy, lb . .
. 25
ffl
.26
Good to Choice . .
. 20
.23
Dower Grades .
@
.19
Storage .
®
.20
Stale Dairy, best .
@
.23
Common to Good .
@
.20
Factory .
@
.16
Packing Stock .
@
.15
■apples. Chops and
waste
scarce,
selling
above six cents per
Apples, evap. fancy....
pound.
. 12
@
13
Kvap., com. to good. .
®
.12
Sun Dried .
®
.07
Chops .
. 05
@
.06
Cores and Skins .
. . .
. 05
@
■06M
Haspberries .
. 28
@
.30
Cherries .
. 15
@
.18
FIlESn FRUITS
Apples are in heavy supply at present,
though anything grading near choice is held
high — $5 to $6. Strawberry receipts are
light, with some fancy going above 40 cents.
The bulk of the fair to good stock brings
25 to 30 cents.
Apples. Russet, bbl . 3.00 @ 4.00
Wlnesap . 4.00 @ 5.50
Greening . 4.00 la) 6.00
York Imperial . 4.00 IS) 6.00
Baldwin . 4.00 @ 5.50
8|>y . 4.00 @ 5.76
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.76 (S) 2.35
Spitz, box . 1.75 ffl 2.30
Rome, box . 1.75 @2 30
Winesap, box . 2 00 @ 2.50
Gano. box . l.oo @ 2.00
Cratiberri es —
Gape Cod. bbl . 10.00 @12.00
Long Island, bbl . 12.00 @12.50
Jersey, bbl . 8.50 @ 9.50
Pears. Kieffer. bbl . 2.75 @ 3.50
Strawberries, Fla., qt . 25 @ .45
Oranges, Fla. box . 2.00 @ 3.50
Porto Rico . 1.75 la) 2Mb
California . 2.50 @ 4.00
Grape Fruit. Fla. box . 2.50 @ 3.00
Pineapples, Havana, 18s . 1.00 @ 2.26
Porto Rico, 30s to 24s . 1,75 @ 2.10
HONKV
Trade is slack but market firm.
White Clover, lb . 12
Buckwheat, lb . 08
Extracted, lb . 07
ffl .14
IS) .10
@ .10
VEGETABLES
Potato market very weak and lower.
Sweets somewhat improved and higher. Old
cabbage low. Fancy onions scarce and firm ;
ordinary grades dull. String beans plenty,
and selling well. Tomatoes in heavy sup¬
ply and lower.
Maine. .
Sweet, Jersey, bbl.
Brussels Sprouts, qt.
Cabbage — Danish seed, ton...
Celery, doz
Escarol. bbl .
Endive. French, lb .
Kohlrabi, Southern, bbl .
Lettuce. 54-bbl bkt .
Peppers. Southern, bu .
White pickle, bu.
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl.
White, bbl .
Parsnips, bbl
1.20
@
1.50
1.50
@
2.00
1.40
ffl
1 .00
1.75
®
2.50
.08
@
.17
2.00
@
3.00
1.50
@
2.00
@
3.00
9.00
@11.00
5 00
la
8.00
1.50
@
1.75
.50
@
1.1K)
1.00
@
2.25
2.50
(«■
3.50
1.25
@
2.25
.12
<d
■vm.
1 00
1.25
2.50
@
4.00
1 .25
@
2 25
2.00
@
3.50
1.50
@
2.00
1.40
@
1.60
.75
@
1.25
@
5.00
1.00
@
1 .50
@
6.00
2.00
@
2.50
@
2.00
1.75
@
2 25
.75
<a
1.00
1.00
@
1.50
3.00
@
5.00
2.50
@
3.1K)
1.75
ffl
2.00
is
2.75
1.00
@
2.50
Tomatoes, Fla. crate .
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Fancy mushrooms firm and higher. Cu¬
cumber market weak. Tomatoes scarce.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 1.75 ® 2.00
Common to good . 75 poo
Mushrooms, lb . . ^ 05
Radtslms, 100 bunches . 2^00 @ 34)0
Rhubarb, doz bunches . 20 @ 60
Tomatoes, lb . t::;;;;;;;; $ ® J®
BERMUDA PRODUCTS
Choice potatoes are held above $6; sec¬
onds selling slowly. Lima beans higher.
Potatoes, No. 1. bbl . 6.00 @ 6.50
Beets, bu. crate . 75 @ 1 00
Carrots, crate . 85 @ 1.25
Lima Beans, t* bu . 2.50 @3 50
Peas, % bu . 1.50 @ 2.50
Parsley, bu. crate . 90 @1.00
Komaine, crate . 75 @ 1.25
LIVE POULTRY
Supplies moderate and market very firm.
Chickens, lb . 15 @ .15^
ffl
.18
.12
.18
.13
.18
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 25hS cents.
CHEESE
Trade is very quiet and the general con¬
dition of the market in favor of buyers.
Full Cream, best . . . 15 @ .16
Common to Good . 12 @ .13
Skims . 05 @ .12
EGGS
The market continues overstocked, large
quantities of fairly gdod eggs selling under
20 cents.
White, good to choice . 24 @ .26
Mixed Colors, best . 19 @ .20
Common to Good . 15 @ .17
Storage . 12 @ .15
Western, best . 20 ® .23
Under grades . 12 @ .14
BEANS
Receipts are not large, but the market
is very dull. Marrow and Red Kidney are
five to 10 cents lower.
Marrow, 100 lbs . 3.50 @ 3.80
Medium . . 3.45 @ 3.50
Pea . t . 3.30 @ 3.65
Yellow Eye . 3.75 @ 3.90
Red Kidney . . 5.50 @5.70
WhiteKidney . 4.76 ffl 5.00
Lima, California . 6.40 @ 6.45
HOP8
The stocks remaining in first hand in
this country are said to be the smallest in
seven years- — only 4,500 bales.
Prime to Choice . 28 @ .29
Common to Good . 25 @ .27
Pacific Coast . 20 @ .21
German Crop, 1910 . 50 @ .53
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 @ .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
Market very strong on choice evaporated
.21
la)
.22
.16
ffl
.20
.18
ffl
.20
.14
ffl
.17
@
.35
14
.17
.24
fd)
.25
.22
@
.23
.14
@
.16
ffl
.20
.12
en
.14
2.00
®
5.00
Fowls . 17
Roosters . 10 ®
Ducks . 16 @
Geese . 12 @
Turkeys . 16 ffl
DRESSED POULTRY
Quality very irregular, owing to mild
weather at time of packing. Choice fowls
scarce and higher.
Turkeys. Fancy . 21 @
Common to Good . 16 @
Chickens, roasting, prime . 18 @ .20
Common to Good . 14
Fancy broilers, lb . 30 @
Fowls . 14
Capons, best, lb . 24
Medium grades . 22 @ .23
Small and Slips . 14 @ .16
Ducks . 1;
Geese . 12
Squabs, doz . 2.0U
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Trade in lambs is dull. Calves fairly
plenty and selling well. Pork lower.
Calves, good to prime . 13 @ .14
Common . 08 @ .12
Lambs, hothouse, head . 4.00 @ 8.60
Pork, light . ... .10 @ .11
Medium to heavy . 119 @ .09 14
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 @ .17
HAY AND STRAW
Medium and low grades of clover and
clover mixed in large supply and dull.
Hay, No. 1, ton . 20.00 @ 21.00
No. 2 . 18.00 @ 19.60
No. 3 . 14.50 @ 16.00
Clover Mixed . 12.00 @ 18 00
Clover . 10.00 @ 14.00
8traw, Rye . 9.00 @ 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 @ 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers, 100 lbs . 5.85 @ 6.45
Oxen and Stags . 5.00 @ 6.25
Cows . 2.40 @ IM)
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 8.50 @11.00
Culls . 4.00 @6 60
Sheep, 100 lbs . 3.25 @ 4.25
Lambs . 6.00 @6 60
Hogs . 7.50 @ 7.80
GRAIN
Wheat, 'No. I, Northern Spring . 1.06 @ ...
No. 2, Red . 93 @ ...
No. 1 Macaroni . 94 @ ...
Corn, as to quality, bush . 49 @ .62
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ 37
Rye . 80 @ .84
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 24.00 @ 25.00
Standard Middlings . 26.00 @ 27.60
Red Dog . 27.50 @ 28.00
Hominy Chop . 22.50 @ 23.70
Linseed Meal . 35.00 @ 36 00
Corn Meal . 23.00 @ 24.00
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.60
Middling Gulf . 14.85
New Orleans, Low Middling . 14.05
Good Middling . 14.85
HANDY GARDEN TOOL
Here’s a practical tool for the farmer or
gardoner-our No. 0 Combined Double and
Single Wheel Hoe, Hill and Drill Seeder.
Four toois for the price of one. It plants
,, i?.or continuous rows, covers the seed,
rolls the soil, marks the next row, hoes
weeds and cultivates. Simple, easy to oper¬
ate, and does a day’s work iu 60 minutes.
Farm and
Garden Tool*
For 75 years wo have
made dependable tools
of quality for the
farmer, trucker and
town gardeners. We
make 33 garden tools
_ at *2.50 to $12.00 each.
Write to-day for Anniversary Catalog
describing our entire lino including
potato planters, cultivators, sprayers,
diggers, orchard and other tools.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
BOX 1022 GRENLOCH, N. J.
IRON ACE
AMERICAN
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
with metal fence posts have
developed this post. It is
now thoroughly practical, fill¬
ing every requirement on the
farm, in the town, for rail¬
roads and whereverfence posts
are used.
Made of tough steel, heavily
zinc coated. Durability
proven by us — ten years’ ac¬
tual use showing good as new.
Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
for it.
m
m
1
m
m
C-
8
m
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 6 Wire Co.
Chicago :
115 Adams Street
Denver :
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
New York:
30 Church Street
San Francisco:
16th and Folsom Sts.
THESI1
I The Kind of\
Incubator
Approved by
Government
Experts
Farmer’s Bulletin No. 236 on Incubation and -
f Incubators, issued by the U. S. Dept, of Agriculture describes a
perfect incubator. In so doing it describes the SURE HATCH as
faithfully as though the writer had a SURE HATCH INCUBATOR stand¬
ing before him as he wrote. Read what he says:
‘/The body should be mounted on strong legs."
I be top should be smooth And unincumbered.”
«*d° complete without nursery and chicK trav ”
regulator is double disc.” u emeu tray.
sh°uld be of unshrinkable material.”
****■ *lght and have dead air space between.”
Must have double doors perfectly fitted.”
The SURE HATCH is the only incubator having every feature required in a perfect incubator.
Double redwood walls with dead air space between; dependable hot water heating system
8aoStleaua{led _stca<*y *amP< Sure Hatch features that are’
* ^ # ».vm. i v^uimui Milt* Oaltif c
not equalled in any other incubator. The
SURE HATCH
against disappointment by getting
f Fatchi
cannot fail to
hatch all fertile
_ _ eggs. Insure
■ - . . a SURE HATCH, the incubator that has
earned its reputation of hatching more healthy chicks tiian any other
incubator made. TRY A SURE HATCH 60 DAYS FREE We
guarantee satisfaction and pay the freight. Send today for our
^ree Sure Hatch Book containing valuable information.
Sure Hatch Incubator Co..
Box 44 Fremont, Neb.
BUYS NATIONAL INCUBATOR AND BROODER
T net ♦ k J ,, 1, I CO AD fnm.Ln.nM am J C I AO I - 1 .. f _ . C. A T l « . ,
Just think I $3.00 incubator and S4.00 brooder for $10. Don’t pay more for equal or
poorer Quality. We pay freight to your station. 125-Egg National Incubator has
Strong, fireproof, metal case, I High, roomy nursery, ISpacious egg chamber,
Automatic heat regulator, Cold-rolled copper hot wafer tank, Very sensitive thermometer.
Hot water heating system, | Reliable non-breakable lamp, (Wide dead air space.
Brooder has safety lamp— can’t explode or break. It is roomy, cozy,
free from drafts, easy to clean, every part quickly reachable. Order
both incubator and brooder direct from this .advertisement. Wc guar¬
antee satisfaction or you get all your money back quick. Brand new
poultry book free. Act now on this bargain.
THE NATIONAL INCUBATOR CO.. 106 18th Street, Racine, Wisconsin
FREIGHT
PAID
Incubator
alone
$8.00
125 Chick Brooder
Alone $4.00
“Hatching Facts” Free
Your address on a postal brings
latest edition of " Hatching Facts ”
— best Booklet published on Incuba¬
tors and Brooders — tells how to start
right at least expense. Belle City
won World's Championship last
season. “ Hatching Facts” tells
all. Write today— or if in a hurry
order direct from this ad below.
A.tlyway read remarkable off~~<
V Rohan, Pres. Belle Cits Incubator Ctfc
SP^.55 Buys the Best
m 140-
" Eflfl
Incubator
/
A Bhlp
quick frem
8t. Paul, Buffalo, |j
KaoB&s City or
Racine.
Ever Made
$4.85 Buys the Best Brooder
Both Incubator and Brooder, ordered together
cost but $11.50— Freight Prepaid (E. of Rockies).
The Belle City Incubator has double walls
and dead air space all over, copper tank, hot-
water heat, self-regulator, thermometer, egg
tester, safety lamp, nursery, high legs,
double door. The Belle City Brooder is the
only double-walled brooder made, hot-water
heat, platform, metal lamp. No machines
at any price are better.
Satisfaction Guaranteed
W rite for our book to¬
day, or send the price
now and save waiting.
140-Chick Brooder K fiohan , President.
Belle City Incubator Co., Bos48 * Racine. Wis.
125 Egg Incubator^ jg
wp.
ICORNELL
GASOLINE
BROODER HEATER
Equal to four Kerosene Heaters
Cares for 200 chicks.
Needs little attention.
No lamps to trim.
No ashes, no dirt, no soot.
Absolutely safe.
Perfectly Ventilated.
and Brooder
For
Ilf ordered together we send
both l’or $10. Freight
paid east of Rockies. Hot
water, copper tanks, double walls,
double glass doors. Free catalog
| describes them. Send for it today.
Wisconsin Incubator Co..
Box t 1 8, Racine, WIs.
Make Boy’s Work
of Plowing
Any boy who can drive can plow with
WINNER PLOW TRUCKS
because thoy hold the plow, No need to use your
hands at all, not even in turning. They take
all the slavishncss out of
plowing. No more jerking
or lame backs. Easier on
horses, too. Draft is actually
less because all weight is car¬
ried on wheels instead of drag¬
ging on plow bottoms. Make
straight furrows, lay
them nicer, regulate
depth and width. Fit
any plow beam, steel or
wood. 1 J Days Free
Trial. Money cheerfully
'refunded If not satisfactory. Free cata¬
log gives all information. Write for it,
L. R. LEWIS. Box F, Cortland, N. Y.
PRICE COMPLETE
Recommended by The New York State
College of Agriculture.
. . . Send for Free Catalog . . .
TREMAN. KING CO.,
Dept. M, ITHACA, NEW YORK.
MANUFACTURERS OF POULTRY HOUSE APPLIANCES.
Qualify Higher-Price Lower
- . _ _ _ _ _ TA7 Kaa 4- 4L . . .. , nil a i O .. 4-
JTrlod and Proven
for 17 Years
Des Moines Incubator Co,
Wo beat them all again. Get
our DIB KOT-TO-Y O U prop¬
osition, low pricey, and DIG
on SUCCESSFUL
Incubators and Brooders boft ro you buy
anywhere this year — the grn' t vu.ue
evor offered. Catalog FREK — o> <1 name.
If you want a book on *‘Prop« Care of
Chioks, Ducks, Turkeys”— send iU cents.
00 Second St., Des Moines, la.
Mjpney-Makmg Pointers
On Chickens —
lT,i‘>T7r Our Big FREE
r rv r.r. Book, •‘Profit¬
able Poultry
Raising,” now ready, 212 L.g pages.
Illustrated. Shows famous birds and
largest poultry ulants. Tells how to get
hatch after hatch, 90%— or better, of
strongest, liveliest chicks. Shows why
It's easy and sure with
CYPHERS IncS££>°’,",d
the self-regulating, self-ventilating,
non-moisture, fireproof, insurable
and guaranteed hatchers. Write for
this free book and get all the facts.
Address store nearest you.
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO.
Dept. 88 Buffalo, N. Y
New York City, Chicago, Ill.
Boston, Mass. Kansas City, Mo.
Oakland, Calif. 2000 Selling Acuntc.
8TANOAPO
''CYPHERS If.C’j'j 1
Fir# Pneft6rlMu-aUg.il
3422
March 11,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
Will you give 11s your idea of this
Franklin Merchandise Company? During
the months of October and November they
had a store in Middletown, N. Y., and sent
men around through the country to dis¬
tribute their samples of goods, and wher¬
ever they left a sample one was asked to
sign, as Allen said, a contract to have their
goods made up at their store in Middletown,
giving each one to understand they had
started a branch store there, and had come
to stay, and that any time within a year
one could have garments cut and fitted at
this store. The last of November they
pulled out, and since that time those papers
one would think were just agreements to
have suits made during the year turned
out to be what they called notes, and they
placed them in their bank in Chicago and
had them sent on to the different banks to
be collected. Arc those who got goods from
this Franklin Merchandise Company obliged
to pay those notes, or would the company
be responsible for their goods left at the
different farm houses (as they did no busi¬
ness in cities or villages) ? I think it a
scheme to rob the farmer if they can. Can
they be made to go out where they placed
their goods and take them back? What do
you think of this company? L. M.
New York.
For the past three years we have been
reporting the operations of this concern
in New York and other States. The
complaints are much the same in all of
them. In some cases the goods are
made up after paying, it is alleged, big
prices for linings and fillings ; but com¬
plaints are general that the garments
do not fit when made up. Women par¬
ticularly complain of misfits. The notes
are no doubt in legal form and as they
have passed into other hands can prob¬
ably be collected. Usually notes of this
kind are put into other hands so that the
makers of the notes have no defense.
The farmers could band together and
defend an action for collection of notes ;
but the only safe way is to consult a
reliable attorney. He will probably ad¬
vise payment.
I was disappointed that the Egg Produc¬
ers’ Company account in Brooklyn turned
out as it has. I am sorry to lose those
eggs.
I shipped Benjamin Robinson of 5681
Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, N. 1’., 28
dozen eggs on September 28. Bill was
$11.34. I have written him repeatedly but
got no reply. I wish you would see wliat
you can do about this. w. h. a.
New York.
This shipper is certainly in bad luck.
The Egg Producers’ Company has, of
course, gone up and there is no possi¬
bility of ever getting anything out of
them.
After exhausting our own efforts on
Mr. Robinson we placed the matter with
our attorney in the hope that he might
be more successful. His report was that
he had been unable to find Mr. Robin¬
son. He calls occasionally and at ir¬
regular times to get mail at the address
given, but further than this nothing was
known of his actual address. We give
the details simply to emphasize the neces¬
sity of better information and references
before making shipments.
Many readers have received a letter
in part as follows :
An effort is being made to furnish a ward
for the Children’s Hospital at St. George,
New South Wales, Australia. At present the
children are not admitted unless there is a
vacancy. As this is a great detriment to
the patient, it has been agreed that if
5.000,000 stamps (canceled) are sent to
Miss Miles, St. George, New South Wales,
Australia, in a certain time appointed by the
government, it would he sufficient to build
the ward. The chain has been going on
for some time and has not been broken.
Will you kindly make three copies of this
letter' and send it to three of your friends,
numbering the letters No. 368, as this is
No. 367. Then send this copy with the
names and addresses of your three friends
and 10 used stamps to Miss Miles.
Our people feel disposed to help
charitable enterprises along, and this ap¬
peals to some of them. They want to
know what to do with the chain. The
answer is “break it” just as quickly as
possible. It is a fake and worse. The
Post Office Department writes us :
The records of the Department show
that so far back as the sixties statements
were circulated that canceled stamps in
large quantities could be realized upon for
philanthropic purposes, but so far as this
Department is concerned such statements are
entirely without foundation. There is no
use to which the Department could put
canceled stamps.
These “chain letters” started years
ago, and it is hard to head them off.
Try to do your part by stopping every
one that comes to you.
Pioneer Land Co., 6 Central Block, De¬
catur, Illinois, guarantees to sell farms, no
matter where located, within 30 days for
cash. Do you know anything about their
responsibility or being able to do it. . They
advertise in Farm Life, printed in Chicago.
New York. J • F- Ij-
You may safely conclude that any
concern that promises to. sell your farm
“no matter where located” is looking for
an advance fee under one pretext or an¬
other. When they get this their interest
in you and your farm will suddenly
cease. It’s the old Ostrander game.
RURAL, NEW-YORKEH
Received $2.50 to-day from the New
York, Ontario & Western R. R. Co. in
settlement for the barrel of apples shipped
to Berrian Bros., Brooklyn, N. Y. Thanks
very much for your trouble. I know I
would never have received it without your
help. J- a. b.
New York.
It took a good deal of persuasion to
get this $2.50, but we are glad the ship¬
per has finally received it. The delivery
was made to New York and lost in
transit, instead of shipping direct to
Brooklyn, and it took quite some cor¬
respondence to induce them to admit
their responsibility, after much evasion.
Is there any place in New York City
where heavy draught horses are sold that
have become lame on account of being used
on paved or asphalt streets of the city,
and which might be used for farm work 7
If so, at what price are they usually sold?
Pennsylvania. o. c. F.
Many stables have such horses, but
they get into the hands of speculators
and jockeys. They are often doctored
up, and sold for sound horses. There
is no fixed price for them. In each case
you buy as cheap as you can, and they
get all they can. I have seen horses
sold one day for less money than was
offered for the same horse the day be¬
fore. The previous offer was refused
on the gamble that the purchaser would
pay more. Unless you are willing to
back your own judgment on horse¬
flesh keep out of New York market.
There are more tricks to the square inch
in these stables than in any other place
on earth. From mere habit of lying,
one of these jockeys could not tell the
truth about a horse even if the truth
were better than the lie. When you
part with your money have your hand
on the horse, and keep it there until
you get across the river. If they gen¬
erously offer to deliver him to the ferry,
you will probably find yourself in pos¬
session of a different horse altogether.
Pay no attention to what they say about
the horse or to their guarantee. Your
eye is your guarantee. If you are not
willing to back it, keep out of the New
York City sales stables.
About a year ago I bought from the
Universal Salesman Co. of Detroit, Mich.,
five of their vending machines called the
Universal Salesman. The machines were
supposed to be new, but on examination
after the trade was made I found they had
been in use, but was assured they were in
good working order and same as new.
After the salesman had gone and I put
the machines to work, I found they were
continually out of order and anything but
satisfactory. I also had a contract as
agent for the sale in Arkansas or a State
right if I could sell five more machines,
otherwise I only had a county right. From
the beginning the machines had been a
failure on account of getting out of order.
It is alleged that the agent who sold to
him violated an Arkansas law by not having
a license to do business in the State.
There is about $500 involved and if you
can do anything for me I will appreci¬
ate it. E. p. w.
Arkansas.
The Automatic Penny Stores Com¬
pany, of New York, says that they have
taken over the business of the Universal
Salesman Company, and find from the
correspondence that this complainant
made a purchase of machines under
regular contract, there being no special
provision in the same. They also
volunteer the information that they re¬
fuse to be blackmailed, whatever that
means. There is, of course, no possible
hope of doing anything for this com¬
plainant. We give space to it only as
a warning against propositions of the
kind. You are always told of the big
profits that are in store for you with
salaries and State management or State
agencies, or other alluring titles, but
when it is all summed up in the last
analysis, you have parted with your
money for something you don’t want,
and you find yourself out of a job and
out of an income.
I purchased an igniter of the K-W Igni¬
tion Company of Cleveland, Ohio, in Octo¬
ber, 1908. It caused trouble and I X’eturned
it, as they instructed, in September, 1909,
less than a year after its purchase. I actu¬
ally turned it over to their representative
before the year was up. The guarantee
covered a year. They returned it C. O. D.
with repair charges of $5. Their excuse is
that the igniter had been out over a year.
They make t\vo different excuses. Each of
their three letters contradicts the others.
None of the excuses falls within the guar¬
antee. The bearing shaft became hot and
finally stuck so that it could not be turned
by hand. They claim that this particular
bearing will last indefinitely. It gave out
in August. I sent it to them in September
and they held it until November and make
their delay in making repairs an excuse for
charges. ' n. l. w.
Farmers who use gas engines, par¬
ticularly those who use automobiles, will
be interested in this complaint. The ex¬
cuse for the charge is certainly a novel
one. The concern guarantees its imple¬
ments for a year. It might on this
theory delay the repairs in every in¬
stance until the year was up and then
claim immunity from its guarantee be¬
cause the repairs were not done within
the year’s limit. We had supposed that
a guarantee of this kind covered the
damage within a year and not their
privilege of delay in repairing, j. j. d.
THRIFTY
STOCK
PAYS
MORE MONEY
GIVES
MORE SATISFACTION.
NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED
WITH LICE .TICKS, MITES, FLEAS,
SCAB, MANGE, AND OTHER SKIN
DISEASES.
TO CLEAN OUT THESE
PARASITES, GUARD AGAINST
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES,
CLEANSE, PURIFY, AND
DEODORIZE. USE
mm
Kreso
Dip N?1
BETTER THAN OTHERS, BECAUSE, IT IS
STANDARDIZED,
UNIFORM, DEPENDABLE, EFFICIENT. ONE
GALLON OF KRESO DIP NO.I MAKES 60
TO 100 GALLONS OF SOLUTION(DEPENDING
UPON WHAT USE IS TO BE MADE OF IT)
A REAL NECESSITY ABOUT
H0RSES,CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE,
DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK FOR LEAFLET
DESCRIBING A NEW CEMENT HOG WALLOW. IF YOU |
ARE INTERESTED.
PARKE, DAVIS &C0,
^ DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL
INDUSTRY.
* >> '\\\ DETROIT, MICH>
0-^':,, 1 M u.S.A.
w
KM! POULTRY SUPPLIES
Everything for the poultryman at low prices: Auto¬
matic Feeders, Hall Mammoth and Model Incuba¬
tors. Feed, Remedies, Hen-e-ta, Bat Corn, Liverine,
LegBands,etc. Prompt shipments. W rite for catalog.
67 BARCLAY ST.
New York
HARRIES & BENEDICT CO.
are demanded and used by successful
poultrymeu everywhere because our
sods are reliable. Every ounce of grain is
ean and nourishing. Lowest prices. Full
eight. Prompt shinments. Satisfaction
naranteed. Send today for Booklet and
REE Souvenir. Don’t delay.
FOODS
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y.
CHICKS Baby CHICKS
S C. WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS of Standard Quality.
We guarantee chicks to lie hatched from eggs laid
by our own breeders and shipped only when day-old.
We Can Please You. We Will Please You.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator having a capa¬
city of 10,200 eggs.
Have Your Orders Booked. Circular Free.
SPRING WATER POULTRY FARM, Stockton, New Jersey.
HONE’S "BRED TO LAY” R. C. REDS and MAMMOTH
BRONZE TURKEYS win at Schenectady. 1911, 1st and
3rd hen; 2nd and 3rd pullet; 2nd and 3rd cock¬
erel; 1st Bronze Tom, and 3rd pullet. A prize for
every bird exhibited. Eggs from choice matings
at reasonable prices. Satisfaction guaranteed. D. R.
HONE, Crescent Hill Farm, Sharon Springs, N. Y.
PI A KIT DDfHITE TURKEY EGGS, $3.00 per
UlANI DnUniL 10; Rose Comb R. I. Red
Eggs, $1.00 per 15; Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1.00
per 10. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
H. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
WH
AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS-Chicken Ebbs. Hand
some Catalog 2 ct
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville, Pa
Indian Runner Ducks 'S^vyi.*#*^
Eggs, $1.50 per 13; $8.00 per 100. F. J. FULLER
Waterport, Orleans County, New York. _ •
MINISINK POULTRY FARM _C0.
Single Comb Leghorn Hatching Eggs — 95# fertility
guaranteed or money refunded — $10 per hundred
a _ 1- \vAT)fnu YT7 A HAD T> A
WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
for 100. Baby Chix, $12.50 for 100; $7.00 for 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
SNOW WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
$5 per 100. A few good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOLDENROD FARM, De>t. R, Stewartstown, Pa.
CUPP FOR HATCHING, from big, vigorous, farm-raised
LUUO Barred Rocks, $5 per 100; Pullets, $2 each.
G. T. HUGHES, Watchung, New Jersey.
White Wyandottes-Si!i»sPS-,'n°l
satisfaction. Selected eggs, one dollar per fifteen.
L. A. PAGE, Old Bridge, New Jersey.
DHIII TDYMCM- Send 10 cents for our fine 60
lU U L I II I It) Lli page Illustrated Catalogue
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa
WHITE WYAND0TTES and Indian "Genuine Fawn” Runner
Ducks. Grand Win and Lay Strains. Stock and
Eggs at honest prices. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Write 0WNLAND FARM. Box 497, Soutii Hammond, N. Y.
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS, *
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
Our Prices Hatchinfl Ebbs— S. C. White Leghorns— One
setting, 15 eggs, $2; two settings, 30 eggs, $3.50;
three settings, 45 eggs, $4.75; one hundred eggs, $8;
one thousand eggs, $70. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C.
Black Orpingtons— One setting, 15 eggs, $2.50 and $5;
one hundred eggs, $14 and $28. Fertility Guaranteed.
Our Prices Baby Chicks— S. C. White LeBhorns— Fifty or
less, each, 20 cents; one hundred, $15; one thousand,
$125. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C. Black Orpingtons—
Fifty or less, each, 30 cents: one hundred, $25, We
guarantee sate arrival of CHICKS in first-class
condition.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
Bonnie Brae White Leg-
herns and Pekin Ducks
ARE BETTER
than ever.
Eggs from our
heavy layiug
strains now
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A b reeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
s. c. w. legiiohivs
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM. Box Y, HAVRE BE GRACE. Maryland.
EMAVS S. G. W, LEGHORN
Breeding Hens at low price to make room. Also
promising Cockerels cheapin quantities. Also K I.
Beds. Eggs for hatching. St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.J.
EMPIRE STATE S, C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios,
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, Weedsport, N. Y.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS — Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds a specialty. Quality kind at
right xtrices. Famous Lakewood strain.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N. J.
Eggs For Hatching-?;,,,!;
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock —
utility, show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
AllStill'S C. R. I. REDS— 200-egg strain. Eggs,
mi.niii o $1.50 per setting. Prices' on quantities.
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor, N. H.
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen-
darfor each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greider, Box 58 , Rheems. P*.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHUR.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks, $15 per HJU Ducklings, $25 per IUU. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery ot hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery guaranteed. Satis¬
faction. CARL W. Ll.OYD, Mgr., HILLSIDE,
Westchester County. N. Y.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons — Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for batching. Circular
free. F. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Orweli., Ohio.
Davis S. C, Reds i",K° COCKERELS
$3 and $5 each. EGGS FOR HATCHING.
BABY CHICKS— $15 and $20 per 100 after March 1.
BOOK ORDERS NOW. Davis Poultry Farm, Berlin, Mass.
THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY-Best twenty varieties.
•K Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1; 40, $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakortown, Pa., Route 3.
r\ fj EGOS $1.00 — leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
L U try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, l’a.
TESTED EGGS FOR HATCHING
White Wyandottes, Dustin strain, 50, $5.00; 100, $8.00
FRANK HYDE, Peekskill, N. Y.
Pfllll TRY-35 ^est Breeds. Bred for Laying.
IUULI 11 I Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. IlEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
THE FARMER’S F0WL-R ose Comb Reds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
EGGS — $1 per 15, $2 per 40 of Thor. Brahma®. Bocks, Wyan¬
dot! es, lied®, Minorca®, Houdans, Leghorns, llamburgs: 19 var.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Coopersburg, Pa.
American Poultry Plant. Collins, Ohio— Kelleistraas
Crystal W. Orpingtons, Wyckoff 8. C. W. Leghorns, Mammoth
White Holland Turkeys, White African Guineas, Indian Bonner
Ducks. Stock A eggs for hatching. 500 choice male birds for sale
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, 8. C.R.I. Red.
Eggs, 90e per 15, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per 60, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertuwn, Pa.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS! ?vTftde
dottes, Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.50, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas, $2.00, 15. Cat¬
alog gratis. F. M. PRESCOTT, Riverdale, N. J.
Pure White PLYMOUTH ROCK EGGS
For hatching, bred directly from the Graves strain;
acknowledged e erywhere as the leading strain of
this popular variety. No pains or expense has
been spared in obtaining and mating up some
grand birds.
Exhibition Mating;. .. .$4.00 per 15
Utility Mating . 3.00 per 15
A few choice Cockerels for sale cheap.
MRS. C. S. GREENE,
New Brighton, Staten Island, New Y’ork
FOR SALE— Four White Holland Toms. Also Eggs
in Spring. Mrs. F. J. RIDER, Rodman, N. Y.
DAY-OLD CHKKS-S, C. W. Leghorns, $12
per 100; S. C. R. I. Reds, $15 per 100. Hatching
eggs, exhibition and utility. THE WINONA
FARMS, Drawer 272, Lansdale, Pa.
1811.
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, March 11, 1911.
FARM TOPICS.
Experience With the Use of Hairy
Vetch for Cover Crops . 306
Truth About “'Back to the Land” ... . 306
Shade Trees for Pasture . 306
What About “Miracle” Wheat? . 308
Seed Potatoes and Scab . 308
Prices at Canning Factory . 318
Lime With Muck . 320
Speltz . 329
Farmers’ Insurance . 329
Potato Flea-Beetle . 330
Tenant System in Ohio . 330
Manure Spreader Notes . 332
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Returns from an Ohio Steer .
Shal It Be Hens or Hogs? .
Those 89 New Jersey Hens .
The Other Side of “Horse Companies”
Silage and Tuberculosis .
Handling a Colt .
“A Pint is a Pound” .
Effect of Cotton Seed .
Alfalfa and ttfrain .
Value of Feeding Stuffs .
Weight of Silage-Price .
Women Milkers .
Green Fodder Crops for Connecticut..
Rape and Milk .
Storing Brewers’ Grains .
Corn Fodder for Five Cows .
Exercise for Dairy Cows .
Handy Poultry House . . .
Summer Silage Without a Silo. Part I.
What is “Pure Blood” and “Regis¬
tered ?” .
The Hen Woman’s Hens .
Cooked Feed for Poultry .
Roup Remedy .
Stone Poultry Houses .
Shavings for Litter .
HORTICULTURE.
Fire Blight and How to Treat It .
Making Baldwins Bear Every Year. . . .
Size of Orchard Trees .
.American Pomological Meeting. Part I.
The Cause of Winter-Killing .
Planting in Crowbar Holes .
Western Blackberries
305
306
306
328
328
331
331
332
332
332
333
333
333
333
333
333
334
335
336
338
340'
340
340
340
340
As they some,
times are.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
As “ 8AVi:.THK-HOKSK*>
can make them.
343
308
309
309
311
312
312
312
313
314
314
315
317
319
320
320
320
320
320
320
323
323
323
323
326
326
326
327
327
327
327
327
327
Training and Pruning the Grapevine..
Planting Trees in Brush .
Guarantee for Trees .
Plain Facts About Spraying .
Nut Growing in the North .
A Wisconsin Garden .
Over-production of Apples .
Hogs in Young Orchard .
Crimson Clover in Peach Orchard .
Neglected Apple Trees .
Whitewashing Trees; Improving Sod..
Rank Growth of Peaches .
Fine Points of Spraying .
Transplanting Young Trees .
Apples for Virginia .
Grape Disease in Mexico .
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day .
Molasses Vinegar .
Popovers .
The Rural Patterns .
Painting a Rogers Group .
Custard Potatoes .
Spaghetti Croquettes . . . <• .
Mock Duck .
Sweet Cream Cookies .
MISCELLANEOUS.
Parcels Post in Great Britain . 306
Other People’s Money . 319
Editorials . 324
Two Commission House Bills . 329
The Grange and Canadian Reciprocity 329
Another Parcels Post Convert . 331
Products, Prices and Trade . 339
Publisher’s Desk . 342
Fresh Dug' Nursery Stock.
A complete assortment of the finest Genesee Valley
Grown Fruit Trees, etc, Stock guaranteed, prices
n8ht'catae]ognfe0r free L- w- HALL&CO., Rochester, N.Y.
M A N A G F R~Au aggressive up-to-date American,
mmmuuii experienced in crops, help manage¬
ment, dairying and buttermaking, seeks position as
farm manager April 1. References. Near Boston
preferred. A. CHAMBERLIN, Southboro, Mass.
POST CARDS — 10 beautiful emb. Easter, 10c; 25 Comic,
assorted, 10c. Swanson Card Co., Cannon Falls, Minn.
Hothouse Lambs, Poultry, Calves, Fancy Eggs
Ship tn W. H. COHEN 8 CO., 229 Washinoton St., New York.
DLIQASE semi a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
1 mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter,
Eggs, Poultry. Pork, Calves. Hay, Grain. Beans,
Appies. etc. K. It. WOODWARD, 802 Greenwich St., N.Y.
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York,
Poultry, Eggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
Boston Produce Go.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St.,
Boston.
A 60 ACRE FARM FOR SALE^fijy'fiEgS;
no buildings, no stock. Apply to owner,
MINISINK FARM, North Water Gap, Pa.
BEFORE BUYING send for our descriptive catalogue
„of Delaware and Maryland Farms, FREE.
FORD & REIS (Inc.), Dept. H, Wilmington, Del.
COR SALE. — Ninety acres, eight room house, base-
1 ment barn, 30 by 42, cementfloor. Fruit. One-
fourth mile from school. Price, $2,500. $1,000 cash.
Stock and tools can be bought. HALL'S FARM
AGE ICY, Owego, Tioga County, New York.
CAROLINA
XJCU1U
COUNTRY
AN IDEAL FARM
AND HOME IN
THE SOUTH
P A J1 C T Thousands op Acres— Rich,
Ll 11 A u I Black Sandy Loam Soil; Virgin
w w ri v Lands, fronting on the ocean.
A new country opened
up by the completion of
. a large railroad system.
Finest climate in the world; Summer all Winter
and Winter all Summer. Low priced lands.
Low freight rates, and quick transportation to the
great Eastern cities. Only twelve hours from New
York. It only costs twenty-five cents to take
a barrel of potatoes to twenty million people.
vVrite us for Free Illustrated Booklet, Maps, etc.
Address W. W. CROXTON, G.P.A., Norfolk
Southern R. R„ Dept. D, Norfolk, Va.
Time and Hardest Work Can’t Bring It Back!
Lisbon, Ohio, Oct. 4, 1910. I want to say there is no use of
anyone driving a lame horse if they will Just try “ Save-Thc-
Hors®* 1 JVA on® 80 larae 1 could n°t use him. After using
one bottle of Save-The-Horse * * he has never taken a lame step,
and I drive Jum every day in my business, which is serving pa¬
pers over the hilhest county in the state. You can use this with
pleasure, as this is absolutely a voluntary testimonial.
W. C. Davidson, Sheriff of Col. Co.
E* ۥ MESSIER,
Engineer, Real Estate and Insurance*
1008 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.t Oct. 22, 1910.
I sent $5 for “Save-Tho-Horse’* to euro a Bone Spavin. At the
time ho was not worth $1 ; before he had the Spavin I was of¬
fered $600. Four veterinarians told mo he was incurable, so I
felt blue, as you might believo. Since one month after treating
him with “Saye-Tho-Horse” he has not taken a lame step and I
have driven him every day, and even thirty miles the same day.
“Save-The-Horse** has done more than four doctors in a year.
Now it seems exaggerated, but anyone in doubt can call at the
neighbors to prove what I say, and furthermore, the horse can
give them a ride, and probably one of the best In their lifetime.
I cannot say enough to praise your remedy. E. C. Messier.
$5.00 a Bofiie With Signed GUARANTEE
A binding CONTRACT to protect pnrehaser absolntely in
treating and curing any caso of Bone and Bo* Spavin, Thorough-
pin, Ring-bone (except low). Curb, Splint, Capped Hoeka Wmdpoff,
Shoeboil, Injured Tendons and all Lameness. No scar or loss of
hair. Horse works as usual. Send for copy of contract, book¬
let on all lameness and letters qp every kind of case.
At all druggists and dealers, or express paid* '
Troy Chemical Co. Com’l ave.Binghamton,N.Y.
Offers every convenience of any hay car¬
rier, and excels all others in easy draft
and long service. All troubles are elimi¬
nated; saves labor and repairs; and holds
the load at any point.
Result of 40 Years’ Experience
Many different styles adapted for every
requirement. Tell us your needs, and w'e
will forward the advice of specialists.
Send for our booklet showing hay and
litter carriers, stanchions, hay forks and
slings. Agents wanted for BarnSpecialties.
The Bicker Mfe. Co., ft"?
FAST WORK
Used on
Thousand*
of farms—
Get the Free
Booh that
Tells you
About It
RSo Head
Furrows
THE
NATIONAL
REVERSIBLE D| AIM
SULKY rS-vIt?
Right or left hand sulky or walking'
Plow— works perfectly on hilly ground
in any soil. Have your dealer show it
or write for Free Book today.
Belcher & Taylor A. T. Co.
Box 75, Chicopee Falls, Mass.
Y°i1ifnSavel Iowa
30% on I Gates
I want to send you my
1911 Iowa Gate proposi¬
tion— how Iowa Gates outlast from five -
to twelve board grates and ali metal crates
—saving you 30% .
c AT^ut h° sho„'X Xou how t0 Pave 810 ON EVERY
and my 1 80 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL.
I send you f1 WNG ’ SIGNS> Free- How many shall
i *or Free sltfns and the most surpris¬
ing gate offer ever made. Address Jos. is. Clay, Mgr.,
IOWA GATE
COMPANY
3b th Street
Cedar Falla,
Iowa
WE SAVE YOU $5 TO $7
On Your Incubator and Brooder
Before you pay any price to any.
body, write us quiekfor our start¬
ling offer on highest quality ma¬
chines made. A real hatcher und
brooder at a price that makes this
the rbiggest genuine bargain of
tho year. iiSSTAKsULTS and “lOUEST
PROFITS for owner,. Wait till you get our H 30 Days’
booh and price before you buy. ' Address * Free Trial I
Dj^JnitedFactorie^^DegtjX^ljrievrqaraLO.
I Promise
To Save You
$37 to $300
On a Gasoline Engine
GET my new 1911 Engine Book— and
convince yourself. I’ll positively
prove just how I save you $37 on
al^H.P. and $105.50 on a 5 H.P. Engine.
No matter what power you need— or
what work you want to do — be sure to
send me your name. A Postal will do.
5 H. P. Gasoline Engine
0n,y “I *1 Q SO For Pumping
$1 and all Chores
The greatest work-saver and money-earner
ever installed on any farm. The only other
engine that compares at all with this Galloway
is sold for 5225. Here I save you just S105.50 and
give you a better engine. Equally large savings
in proportion on all other sizes. Just send for
My Engine Book and astonishing proposition
It gives you the real reasons why Galloway .with
his enormous factory, and the steady trade of
thousands of his farmer friends can offer the best
Gasoline Engines and save you from 537.00 to
5300.00. AndeveryEngine is covered by the Gallo¬
way guarantee, and sold to you on 30 days to
365 days free trial. 1 want to make you my
special proposition. Just send me
your name on a postal. Address me
personally, Wm. Galloway, Pres.
Wm. Galloway -Company
Galloway Station
Waterloo, Iowa
Get This
Free Book
To Move Quickly
— A choice lot at low
, _ , cost— W. and B. Leg¬
horns, 8. L. and W. Wyandottes, R. and 8. C.
Rods, W. and Barred Rocks. Write for just what
you want in your first letter and we will be sure to
please you. MAPLE COVE POULTRY YARDS, Athens, Pa,
CLARK’S SINGLE COMB REDS won fifty-four ribbons
in 1910, including twenty first prizes. Also the
Rhode Island Red Club State Chip and Specials
tor shape and color. Choice stock and eggs for
sale. Send for mating list. G. D, CLARK, Brook-
side Poultry Yards, Bellows Falls, Vermont.
SI N G I.K-COJIB White Orpingtons, Kellorstrnss strain. K'-C:;s for
hutching $3 per 15; troni prize whining stock, three cockerels
tr> each. W. A. KAISER, 2703 Jamaica A ve., Richmond Illil,L.I.
S. C. RHODE
ISLAND RED
from prize matings and heavy laying utility stock.
Orders filled promptly. For matings and price list
address H. J. SEARS, Danvers, Mass.
FOR SALEv®- White Leghorns (Young’s
V1 v"l,L Strain) eggs for hatching, $5 per 10(1,
$40 per 1000, L. MOORE, Route 1, Ellenville, N. Y.
R. C. R I RFD^-BEST winter layers.
5?" 7 *1’ '* ■•CUO Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15.
K. F. DEMAREST, Mt. View, Passaic Co., N. j.
EGGS FOR HATCHING
S. C, White Leghorns-“r'LsEt^S
Wyckoff’s straijrfifi SrssS;
EGGS and ST0CK'AK1j' ’’""r. F. O.^PEEKSKILL, N. Y.
jpe|»d Ca|a — One handsome looking and good
J.WI y _ Fox Hound, one partly broken,
81 ENGER E. PITT, Pomona, Rockland Co., N. Y.
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.
Hackney and Standard Bred Brood Mares, Stal¬
lions and Fillies, Aberdeen Angus cattle. Could
use Percherou mares, mules, automobile— new.
V-°,,VK1Pr,i:;U;Uo" of Stock. DELAWARE STOCK
i- ARM, Myer & Son, Prop., Bridgeville, Del.
SHIRE BULL CALF FOR SALE — Born Nov.
1, 1910, also yearling bull. These are good ones,
backed by advanced register stock and at reason¬
able prices. O. XV. BBUSIF, Alillerton, N. Y.
COR SALE— Three Jersey heifers, a year old In May.
■ $20 and $25 each. Out of a Register of Merit
bull. GEO. L. FERRIS, Atwater, N. Y.
FROST
WIRE FENCES
Extra Heavy Weight Farm Fences. Built I
tor service and satisfaction. Quality
first consideration. Best mnterlKl and
workmanship used tn our Woven
Wire or Field Erected Fences.
Ask vour dealer. FREE catalog.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dspt. H Cleveland, O.
Meeker
Disc Smoothing Harrow,
Onion Seed Drills and Hand Wheel Foes.
Southport Globe Onion Seed.
Send for Catalogue and Prices.
THE C. 0. JELLIFF MFG. CORP.
Southport, Connecticut
WANTFn~7Agents to se'l Farmers’ Account Book.
ii mii i lu Indorsed by Farmers. Big Inducements.
Act quick. Address. L. L. SYPHERS, Fort Wayne, Ind.
WUNTFn — ‘^Lt onee — Good, reliable man as
If Sill I kll toamster. Steady employment on
large farm, northern N. J. Address 89886, Care R.-N.-Y.
Yd !l NR MAN WITH PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE and t.rain-
■ uuiiu tn Mil ing at Cornell wishes position as
farm overseer, P.E.J.,11 Greystone Terrace.Yonkers.N.Y.
EGGS “INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS -Barred
mmw Plymouth Rocks, Mammoth Broi-ze Tur¬
keys and Pearl Guineas. Write for free pi ice list.
I oplar Lawn Farms, West Falls, N. Y.
INDIAN RUNNER ducks and drakes, from 200 egg strain.
• Light Brahmas. C. GORDON, Sprakers, K.Y.
IA/HITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Thor-
V, oughbred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
ot large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 12; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu¬
bator eggs. Cheery Hill Farms, Pittstown, N . J.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS — Black Langshan Eggs for
I sale. .J, GORDON DRAKE, Port Huron. .Mich.
PpIlTSU STRAIN. 5'a
r CAJII UUI#I%9 to G lbs., at ten weeks old.
Eggs tor Hatching, $1.50 per 13; $8 per 100
CHARLES S. l’ULIS. YVYCKOFF. >. J.
H/HITE HOLLAND TURKEYS from prize
VI winners at bargain prices. White Wyandotte
eggs lor hatching. H. W. Anderson, Stewartstawn, Pa.
WhiteHolland Turkeys
and Duston’s White Wyandotto Chicke
White Afri¬
can Guineas
miru. 'fn . r, ■,V' — — „vv, Jliickens. Walnut
Hill Stock Farm, N. Bacon, Mgr., Taleott, W. Va.
BRONZE G0BBLFRS“No 1,ons forsaie. if you
i I n n - , „ ;i choice breeding tom,
address L. 0. Qinoley, Box 266, Goshen, Orange Co., N. y!
COCKERPT Q—Prize • Winning Brewi ng
^ Stock-Black Orpi gtons
and Minorcas. QU0QUETAUG FARMS, Old Mystic, Conn.
COCK FRF l S~A few very fine breeding
w ^ birds-W. and Barred Rocks
W. Wyandottes, R. and S. C. R. I. Reds— at $3 <tu
and $5 each. Manle Cove Poultry Yards, Athens, Pa.
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS UUSNit*
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm Write for
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, -:- Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster,1' R?
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 100 S C Year-
hng Mens at $2.00 each: 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.o0 each. Eggs tor hatching in any number.
JAS. E. VAN ALSTVNE, Kinderhoolt, N.Y.
S, C, White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vh-orous
FARM BRED POULTRY-FREE RANGE
Partridge Cochins, White Kocks, Barred
Rocks, Partridge Wyandottes. Prize u in¬
ning strains. Stock and eggs.
MINCII BROS., R-3, Bridgeton, N. J.
§ ( g yy LEGHORN EGGS for hatching.
Chicks.
„ Good laying
- strain, $1 per 15, $5 per 100. Also Baby
GEO. LCNDGREEN, Wyoming, Del.
EGGS
from high record W. P. Rook
Hens, $2 for 15, $5 for 45.
A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
WHITE ROCKS
Owing to need of room must sacrifice one grand
pen. Six pullets and cockerel. Bred to lay strain.
All in prime condition. Every bird laying ’ Large"
healthy, pure white cockorel, 9tfe pounds. Will
sacrifice this grand pen for quick sale, for $18, which
is half their value. A. L. Vreeland, Four Acres.Nutley N J.
Golden and Silver
Swart Mercantile Co., Mar ^aretvillc, N. Y.
CINE QUALITY ORPINGTONS, black and white. Owens’
■ and Cook’s strains. $2 and $:> per sitting, fit)
per 100. REV. J. D. GRAHAM, Lyon.sville. Mass.
13i Cents a Rod
*r~-v gT —V-— Forl8-ln. 14 3-4e for 23-tn. Hog «=«*=»«=*
Fence; 15c for 26-lnch; l8 3-4c
for 32-ineh; 25e for a 47-inch
Farm Fence. 48-inch Poultry-
fence 28 l-2c. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire SI. 45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 MUNCIE, INO.
Dairymen Don’t Doubt
that feeding silage to cows increases the flow of milk and decreases cost of mainte
nance. It has been proven time and again. Nor do those who have tried it doubt that
the world’s greatest, most convenient and profitable machine to use is the
PAPEC matic Ensilage Cutter
Competitive tests have demonstrated that the PAPEC will cut and elevate
better silage in leaa time and with less power than any other blower
ensilage cutter. It “throws and blows" over 50 feet without clogging.
Easy to operate ; fed from ground: never clogs or gets out of order. Cast-
iron frame — no wood to twist and warp. GUARANTEED.
Our new book, “How to Prepare Ensilage,” willinterest every dairy¬
man and farmer. Write forit — FREE. Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.
PAPEC MACHINE CO., Box 10, Sliortsville, N. Y.
25 Distributing Points in me U. S.
THEPAPEG A
344
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
March 11, 1911.
S
I'll Save Year Sheep
S’BB Save Your Hogs
I'll Save Your Feed
I PROVE it Before You Pay
> on’t stand by and let your lambs and sheep die off
Don’t let your hogs be eaten up alive — contract
.diseases and die.
Don’t let your cattle and horses continue to look as
F fed on straw — thin, scrawny, shaggy, dull — though
you’re feeding them well.
^ The trouble is they are full of worms — full of parasites .
r that are sapping their lives away — killing them — eating up your profits,
’while you are standing by, and wondering what’s the matter. ^ ^
Stop it — stop it quick. It's costing you a lot of money. I will do it, and
prove it before you pay me a cent. All I ask is a chance to show you how
f»AO» MAM
u
The Great Worm Destroyer and Conditioner
will quickly stop your losses — how it will straighten up your sick lambs, sheep
hogs and other live stock — how it will rid them of all stomach and intestinal
worms and parasitic infection — how it will put life and vim into the blood — aid ^
digestion and stimulate the appetite— help them to get more good out of their feed
in less time. You’ll marvel at the change Sal- Vet will make.
Read what these well known men say about their experience with Sal- Vet:
Sal- Vet is a medicated salt, containing seven medicinal elements which act like magic. It speedily gets rid of the cause of disease
and death losses — WORMS — kills and expels them — then it puts the stomach and digestive organs in the pink of condition. Put
$ kV Sal-Vet where your stock can get it at all times — they* ll doctor themselves — and you will be astonished at the results, and
\ the cost is so small. Only one-twelfth cent a day for each sheep or hog.
% %<c-
' * *
\ * '4%:
From the President of the American
Shropshire Association
“We have used ‘Sal-Vet’ as a preventive of
worms in our flock of sheep, and have great faith
in it. We keep it before them all the time, both
when at pasture and in the barn.
“The sheep like it and we can truthfully say
that our sheep are free from worms although
we have run sheep in our pasture quite thickly
for the past fifteen years.”
HENRY L. WARDWELL,
Springfield Centre, N. Y.
From Dr. C. D. Smead, an Eminent
Authority on Veterinary Questions
‘‘I have given ‘Sal-Vet’ a good trial and
passed some of it along to my friends. I
find it fills the bill, and do not hesitate to
recommend its use to all live stock owners
as being a most worthy compound. In my
judgment if farmers were to depend upon
it and keep it before their stock all the
time the intestinal worm problem would
be solved.”
C. D. SMEAD, V. S.
How ‘Sal-Vet’ Puts Hoes In Prime Condition
“I never invested any money from which I derived SO
much benefit as I did from the money paid for ‘Sal-Vet.*
‘‘I fed it to a bunch of seventeen hogs. It cleaned out the
worms and I never had as good hogs as these. They aver¬
aged 210 pounds apiece at a little over four months old.”
H. W. URY, R. D No. 1, Evansport, O.
efa. * A
Now Read My Personal Guarantee Offer to You
• ♦
I have such confidence in Sal-Vet that I want every farmer who has
sheep, hogs and other stock to try it at my risk. I know it will rid
'«■ your animals of worms and work wonderful results in putting
them in tip-top condition. So I am going to send you enough
claim for it, then you need not pay me anything. Not one penny.
Now fill out the coupon, telling how many head of stock you are
feeding and I’ll send the Sal- Vet quickly so you will have no more
losses from worms. A day’s delay may lose you a valuable animal.
So send now while the coupon is handy.
Y/
Sal-Vet to feed your stock 60 days and if it doesn’t do all I
'^X SBDhlEV R. FEBL, President, The S. R. Feii Company
%
r x \ v
*4>X
Prices: 40 lbs. $ 2.25 ; 100 lbs. $5; 200 lbs. $9; 300 lbs. $13 500 lbs., $21.12.
Uept, UJJ.Y. , CLEVELAND, OHIO
“ New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station.
“We have obtained wonderful success in the use of ‘Sal-Vet’
for destroying stomach worms. Since we began its use, our
flock of sheep have become much healthier and more vigorous.
I cannot praise it too highly and am attempting to introduce
it to the farmers of this State.”
“(Signed) T. R. Arkeu., B. S. A., Prof. Animal Husbandry.”
“ I have had over forty years’ experience in sheep raising.
Every year I suffered great loss of lambs on account of the
worms. I used everything usually recommended for such
cases, including tobacco and gasoline, but I will say that your
SAL-VET is the only thing 1 ever used that did the business.
I have not lost a single lamb since using SAL-VET and the
cost is nothing, compared witlj the saving it effects.
“ Haki.ey P. Sherman, Alfred Station, N. Y.
“ This is to tell you that I halve been a user of ‘Sal-Vet’ ever
since you first manufactured it.
“I give my thoroughbred sheep constant access to ‘Sal-Vet’
the year round, and the longer I use it the more I feel that it
is indispensable and that I could not profitably do business
without it. I believe with many other breeders, that ‘Sal-Vet,
is the answer to .the worm problem that has been worrying us
all for the past several years.
“As you say in some of your advertisements, ‘Sal-Vet’ is not
an expense at all, but an investment that yields large divi¬
dends. No stockman will do business without your excellent
preparation when it once has been demonstrated to him that
it is absolutely all you claim for it.
“Geo. W. Heskett, Fulton, Ohio.”
Vol. LXX. No. 4090.
NEW YORK, MARCH 18, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
THE BEST STOCK FOR CHERRIES.
Shall it be Mazzard or Mahaleb?
A very lively discussion has been going on in this local¬
ity for a year concerning the relative merits of Mazzard
and Mahaleb stock for sweet cherry trees. As the conflict¬
ing statements are not readily judged by the average fruit
grower, and I am unable to find any authoritative matter
on the subject, I write to you, hoping that a full state¬
ment of the subject can be secured from Frof. Van Deman
or some other undoubted authority. It is asserted on the
one hand that for sweet cherries the use of Mahaleb stock
has been prevalent in this country because it is cheaper,
because it pushes the young trees along faster, making a
better showing, and because even the nurserymen do not
realize its final shortcomings. The fault is said to be that
the stock is capable of making only a certain growth,
which is less in many cases than the size which the
stock budded onto it is capable of making. The result is
in the mature tree that the budded stock attains a greater
diameter than the root just below the bud. In other
-words it is claimed that eventually the tree so budded on
Mahaleb comes to have a restricted or “corseted’’ section
just below the bud. The top makes a growth in excess of
the capacity of this restricted portion to pass sap upwards,
so in time the top begins
to suffer. The owner be¬
lieves that his tree is suf¬
fering from old age, and
when it blows down in
time, due to weakness of
the trunk at the ground,
where strength is most
needed, the owner attri¬
butes his loss to old age.
The claim is also made
that the Mazzard root, be¬
ing capable, if not budded,
of attaining the maximum
size for sweet cherries, can
support any top that is
budded to it. and will not
die from old age in 50 or
60 years, or possibly 80 or
100 years. If these claims
are correct, it is of tremen¬
dous importance that our
people should know it, and
should know from whom
genuine Mazzard stock can
be obtained. Success in
cherry growing in this oart
of Michigan has been such
that many are now plant-
ng cherry orchards, and the
conflicting claims leave
some of them much unset¬
tled in mind, as well as
proving perplexing to those
who intend to plant. The
Mahaleb' has its champions
too, who pooh-pooh the
Mazzard charges, pointing
to trees on Mahaleb stock
15 years old. which are of
considerable size and bear
grandly. t. i„
Manistee, Mich.
The question of cherry stocks is one which may well
interest thoughtful fruit growers and especially those
who live in the region where the sweet varieties
flourish. The past Summer was spent by me on a
farm in Benzie County, Michigan, not many miles
north of the line of Manistee County, where the in¬
quiry comes from. On the next farm is a very large
bearing cherry orchard of some 3,000 trees belonging
to Mr. Paul Rose. In this orchard, which is mostly
made up of the sweet class, are about all of the lead¬
ing varieties and on both Mazzard and Mahaleb
stocks. There are also a few trees purchased from a
local nurseryman at Frankfort that are worked on
the wild native “pin” cherry that are fast failing from
uncongeniality of stock. The roots do not develop
properly and the trees become sickly or fall over
from lack of support at the roots.
THE MAHALEB STOCK.— When Mr. Rose
bought the trees to use in planting his cherry orchard
he was told that the Mahaleb was the proper stock
for all kinds of cherries and he got many trees on it.
The Mahaleb is a wild cherry natural to southern
Europe that is healthy and vigorous and bears a very
small, black and bitter tasted fruit. All varieties of
the cherry, of both the sweet and sour classes, will
grow if budded on it, and it is claimed by some that
they do equally well. This is denied by others and
we shall see for what reasons.
THE MAZZARD STOCK. — The Mazzard is the
most thrifty of all the cherry family. It is a native
of Europe, and the parent of all those types that we
call Hearts, Bigarreaus and a part of the Kentish
class. The trees grow with an upright habit and
sometimes attain a height of over 50 feet and with
trunks two feet and more in diameter. Where the
trees have come up as seedlings in various places, es¬
pecially in Pennsylvania and southward and have
practically reverted to the wild form, such trees are
often found. It is on the seedlings of this type that
the most vigorous and longest lived trees of the sweet
cherries are found.
anywhere. Last September I took photographs of
some of the trees that were characteristic and showed
their real condition and they are reproduced here that
they may tell their own tale in part. None of - them
were of the sour varieties, however, as nearly all,
or all of these were, I think, on Mahaleb stocks and
doing far better than those of the sweet class on the
same kind of stocks. The wood of the sour class
seems to be quite similar to that of the Mahaleb, and
the two make a good union. But not so with the rest.
The two are not congenial, and unite only because
they must, and that with serious results to the or-
chardist in very many cases. In the nursery they start
off well and appear to be very suitable to each other
and for some years the same is often true in the or¬
chard, but as time goes on and the bearing age is
reached the true test comes. Cherry trees, like all
fruit trees, are intended to live for many years and
bear, and they should be able to endure this test and
not that of the nursery alone. In Fig. 114, which
shows part of a row of Tartarian, the different con¬
ditions may be seen. The
SWEET CHERRY TREES IN A MICHIGAN ORCHARD. Fig. 114.
First tree on Mazzard roots, second and third trees on Mahaleb stocks, fourth tree a replant on Mazzard stock
where an old one on Mahaleb had died.
During more than 40 years past I have been watch¬
ing the behavior of cherry trees on various stocks
and on their own roots as well in many cases. They
have been seen from the Atlantic to the Pacific and
from Canada to the southern limit of cherry culture.
The sum and substance of all these observations is,
that each class succeeds best on its own roots, so far
as the growth and vigor of the tree is concerned. And
it is quite natural that it should be so. Trees that
grew up from seed and those reared from root
sprouts and never budded or grafted seem to be
the most substantial. In cases where varieties had
been budded or grafted onto stocks of the same type
there was little or no ill results from the operation.
It was like upon like. But wherever this law of con¬
geniality has been violated trouble is seen in some
degree. In the Paul Rose orchard, which I have been
familiar with for several years, are some of the most
striking examples of the congeniality and uncon¬
geniality of stock and bud that is likely to be seen
first tree, on Mahaleb
root originally formed a
root system of its own
by sending down roots
from above the place of
union, and is vigorous
and healthy. The second
one is entirely on Maha¬
leb roots, and is gradu¬
ally failing. The third
one is about dead. Next
comes a space where a
tree died. Beyond is a
replanted Lambert tree
on Mazzard roots and it
is flourishing. And so
the row and others like
it stands a living and
dying witness to the suc¬
cess and failure of the
congeniality and uncon¬
geniality of the roots
and tops. In Fig. 115 is
shown the bodies of trees
that were all on Mahaleb
roots originally. The one
in the left corner has
formed a large welt or
crown by the effort of
the Mazzard wood try¬
ing to overgrew the
Mahaleb stock." On the
right is one that was
budded lower and forced
out roots at the point where the soil touches the bud¬
ded part and is now growing lustily on its own roots,
principally. In the farther row are shown two more
trees that have sent down roots of their own, because
a little clay soil was banked up about them on a sandy
knoll to prevent the wind from laying the roots bare.
They all are among the best trees in the orchard. In
Big. 115 can be seen a single tree struggling for its
life against the .Mahaleb stock upon which it was
budded. The peculiar “corseted” appearance is very
plain.
Now the Paul Rose orchard is not the only one in
which I have noticed the trouble and success with
cherry stocks. In a large orchard in northern Indiana
I noticed much the same state of things last Sum¬
mer. In the many orchards in Oregon and Washing¬
ton, which is a region that I have named “Cherry
Heaven,” .there are thousands of examples of success
and failure with trees on the various stocks, the
Mazzard being the one preferred. There are nurseries
846
there that do not keep any cherry trees for sale on any
other stock, because of the reasons already given in
this reply to the one asking for my views on the sub¬
ject I do not think there is any doubt about the
Mazzard being the stock for the sweet cherries, and
there are those who claim that it is the best for the
sour class also. On this latter point I am not con¬
vinced as yet, because I have never tried it or seen
where others had tested it out. I would not have
sweet cherry trees on Mahaleb stocks as a gift, judg¬
ing by what I have seen. H. E. van deman.
USE OF PLASTER ; SEEDING RAPE.
I note what you say in respect to the use of land
plaster. While we all know that land plaster adds
nothing in the way of fertilizer, yet if by its use we
can double the growth of the vetch and plow them
under we certainly have added to its fertility. If the
first crop is taken off for feeding and this second
growth is turned under we here on our deep heavy
soils find it pays, and that it takes a good many
years to find out. Again, if we get twice as much
fodder and feed it all to the stock and return the
manure made to the ground the plaster has again more
than paid for its application.
I also note what C. S. M. says on feeding rape
to cows, and with all who have given their opinion,
he says, “I have had no experience,” but is quite
certain it will taint the milk. Now I will back actual
results against theory any time, especially if a good
theory is on the side of the experience. The turnip is
very hard and almost woody, while the rape for a
greater part of its length is as tender as a string
bean, and will break like a pipestem, and the cows
when allowed to pasture on it soon learn to reject
any that is at all hard. In fact, it has been the fact
that they waste so much of it if given free range
that I have not used this method more. I think
every practical dairyman believes that it is best in
changing rations to do so gradually. So in feeding
rape or kale I have always begun by feeding a small
quantity and gradually increasing to the full ration,
as I would with oil meal or any concentrated food,
but I found by experience that no ill effects came
in the quality of the milk when cows were allowed
to remain in the rape all day. I never eat turnips
and cabbage, but find I can eat the rape greens, and
the children of the neighborhood think the tender
stalks almost as good as candy. S.
Oregon.
R. N.-Y. — Several other readers say that they have
fed rape freely without any trouble from tainted
milk, and we give their statements as they come. With
us rape, unless fed right after milking, appears to
make the milk taste like turnips.
Land plaster or gypsum is sulphate of lime. Dur¬
ing the period before and shortly after the Civil
War plaster was largely used on many Eastern farms.
It was usually put on the clover, and for some
years gave good results, increasing the clover crop.
Finally it began to fail as a fertilizer, and at last
had little or no effect. Its use was discontinued and
it is now but little used. Why did it first help the
clover and then fail? Investigation showed that the
land plaster when put in the soil brought about a
chemical change by means of which potash was made
available. As it appeared in the soil the clover and
other plants could not use this potash.
The plaster brought about changes which made a new
combination of potash, more available than before,
and in this form the clover could use it and then grew
luxuriantly. So long as this went on the plaster gave
good results. There finally came a time when those
particular forms of potash were used up. The plaster
could not then make the potash available, and thus
the crop did not thrive as before. This is the history
of a section where formerly plaster was largely used.
Jt helped in other ways, but this was probably the
most important. Tn the Eastern States plaster is still
used more or less in stables and manure piles to hold
the ammonia, but seldom used as before directly on
the land.
THE TALE OF A SEED AGENT.
It is the ambition of The R. N.-Y. not so much
to make the lion lie down with the Iamb as to try to
act as fake killer, and thus incidentally as fool pre¬
server. In spite of all we have said, the meanest and
boldest fakes still string radiant words on a bare
hook and catch their full crop of suckers ! For in¬
stance, here is a contract which we have had photo¬
graphed, Fig. 116.
This means corn at $6 per bushel, oats at $2.75 and
potatoes at $9. You do not know that those varieties
are any better than those you have had on your farm
for years,' except that the agent tells you so! And
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
what did the agent who sold this order say? Here is
the story plainly told:
Guff From a Seed Agent.
What can you tell me about C. I. Read, who was
taking orders for Robt. J. Gunson & Co., Rochester,
N. Y., from a seed firm that he claimed to be a
partner in? He stated that the farm is in the north¬
eastern part of New York State, and gave his address
as C. I. Read, Port Kent, N. Y. The seed farm con¬
tains 1400 acres, and they make a specialty of growing
TREE ON MAHALEB STOCK. Fig. 115.
The uncongeniality of the Mahaleb stock is shown by the
attempt at overgrowth by the part above it.
potatoes, corn, oats and barley. He claimed there
are over 50 people in the family, all related to the one
family, and they hire 16 extra men. They all live
on this farm. He was taking orders for seed last
July, 1910, in the town of Skaneateles, N. Y., and
sold to my brother, T. Klasi, 30 pounds E. Rochester
corn, $3; 64 pounds Sterling oats, $5.50; 10 pounds
Comet potatoes, $1.50. Mr. Read claimed his corn to
be superior to all other corn, and said his cornstalks
produced 4% per cent protein, while other stalks only
produced 1% per cent. He said 30 pounds corn would
Copy of Contract lor Oooda; to be left with Purchmaw .
ROBERT J. GUNSON A CO., Rochester, N. Y, Grower! of Finn Seed*.
Gimicti •«* wttVi fnllrMviner goodfi. for which I «UH TO
u >
_ , _ _ _ ed to be deducted from roybilL Any variety not true to u»ne fc
be replaced free, or purchase price refunded. All stock to be in good cooolUcm.
! It is understood I am to call for the goods when notified either personally or by
! mall. If I fail to call within ten davs after being notified and the goods become
damaged or destroyed.'! stall be beholden for the amount of my order thfe satna
I as ill received the goods.
It fs further agreed that this order is not subject to countermand,
and that the only terms or conditions of sale existing between me and
the salesman are those stated hereon .
It Is understood your salesman has no authority to make any other
«»rnta than those stated above.
■*£
Si
|U
if
Jr
85
QUANTITY.
VARIETY.
i
ct».
_ ....bu.
3-0..lbs
JL
Ad
JL
Id.
... Qajbl. .
• " *
lbs
4a crxiMLc/... .
/
.
lbs
*
pq Purchaser’ s
55 P.O. Address.
Agent's
A SEED AGENT’S CONTRACT. Fig. 116.
plant three acres, allowed three kernels to the hill, and
would yield 100 bushels to the acre. He also claimed
his corn grew no suckers, but instead it commenced
to leaf out near the ground. They originated the
corn by splicing two kernels of different varieties to¬
gether.
Their oats are superior to other oats. They claim
this variety will not lodge ; it has a new kind of root
March 18,
which allows it to rock more freely, a sort of a spring
motion. There is more to' these oats, but I have for¬
gotten it. Potatoes are grown from seed planted one
bushel male to four bushels female. These potatoes
are guaranteed not to blight or dry rot, and go 200
bushels per acre. Will you tell me if Robert J. Gun¬
son & Co., Rochester, N. Y., is a reliable firm to buy
seeds from? I am afraid of fakers, and will appreci¬
ate any information on this subject a. f. klasi.
What Mr. Klasi forgot is probably the story that
the original oat was grafted on a clover root. Since
then the oat plants develop tap roots like clover and
do not blow down or suffer from drought. It Is no use
wasting words upon any man who tells such stories.
He is a confounded liar. He ought to get three inches
of the pitchfork and then have the dog tear off his
clothes to use as napkins ! No use analyzing his state¬
ments or buying his seeds or doing any business
whatever with the firm such a man represents. If be
tells such stories about his seeds he is an enemy of
the farmer and ranks with the San Jose scale, peach
borer, grain weevil or bedbug, and deserves to be dug
out, sprayed with carbolic acid and then fumigated.
Any farmer who would patronize such a liar, or the
firm which keeps such a man in the field, needs a
guardian if not a padded cell.
MORE MICHIGAN POTATO DIGGERS.
I read in The R. N.-Y., page 199, of a champion
potato digger who hails from upper Michigan having
dug 105 bushels of potatoes in 8]4 hours with a
common potato hook. One who has dug potatoes
day after day with a hook or fork, and knows the
hard, wearisome work it is, and knows by dint of
hard, strenuous work and nerve the possibilities that
may be accomplished in a day, would say to dig 105
bushels in 87A hours is very good indeed; but we
have a champion also, in the person of William
Strait, who hails from Michigan, who has beaten
the above record several times. In fact, he has held
the record for Michigan for several years, and as
far as known is yet entitled to wear the belt. I
employed Mr. Strait and another man, John Wolf,
to dig my potatoes last Fall and pick them up, giving
them four cents a bushel. William Strait did all the
digging and John Wolf all the picking up. About
eight years Mr. Strait dug in 9]/2 hours 205 bushels,
keeping two busy to pick them up in the same time.
But the following is the record Mr. Strait made
last Fall on my farm: On October 10 one-half day,
61 bushels; October 11, one day, 127 bushels; Octo¬
ber 12, 106 bushels; October 13, 84 bushels; October
14, one-half day, 71 bushels, which was in the fore¬
noon. In the afternoon of same day he started in
to beat his own former record of 205 bushels in 9 ]/2
hours, and in five hours he dug 110 bushels. Mr.
Wolf picking them up. That night Mr. Strait walked
seven miles to a dance and was back to my farm
for work the next morning, which was October 15,
when in 4]/2 hours he dug 102 bushels, making in 9l/2
hours 212 bushels. On October 17, he dug 124
bushels; October 18, 116 bushels, and October 19,
135 bushels. In the part of the field where Mr.
Strait did his record digging the potatoes yielded
240 bushels per acre. He did all the digging with
a six-tined fork, and never worked over 10 hours in
one day. No small amount of praise is due Mr.
Wolf, who picked up the potatoes, for it kept him
very busy to pick up so many potatoes, as any one
will know who tries it. While these men in both
digging and picking up my potatoes made a great
record, and as I believe a hard one to beat, yet their
whole job of digging and picking up while working
for me was a wonderful performance, for endur¬
ance and amount of work turned off day after day.
Oceana Co., Mich. J. w. mitchell
r. N.-Y.— Next! If this is not the limit we will
let some other Michigan digger have place. Just
why it is that these champions are all located in
northern Michigan is more than we can tell. Mr.
Strait must have walked a very straight line at that
dance. In the two days he dug 283 bushels besides
his dancing and had half a day to spare. At four
cents a bushel he earned $11.32 to be divided with the
picker. Well, sir, the $12 hens, the $200 cows and
the $75 hogs may fall back. They are playthings
besides this digger and dancer.
One of the things which fruit growers in situations
exposed to frost are considering is orchard protection
by heating. In California and Colorado, especially in
cold “pockets” or valleys, many crops have been saved
by building fires or burning coal or oil in metal pots.
On still nights it is quite possible to protect the frmt
from ordinary frost, hut when the wind is blowing
there is trouble. The question is so important that
we want the facts. We know that some of our readers
have been fighting frost, and we want their experience.
Our people can settle about any farm question when
they get at it, and here is a hard one for them to take
up.
fit dOir.M
1911-
ASPARAGUS CULTURE FOR PROFIT.
How to Plant and Manage the Crop.
Asparagus will grow on a greater variety of
soils than almost any other vegetable, but the best
soil is a light loam with good bottom drainage, that
has been well manured and cultivated two years or
more in hoed crops, plowed six inches or more deep
and subsoiled in the Fall previous to setting. In
the Spring, as soon as the soil is in good working
order, mark rows four feet six inches apart, 12 inches
deep, by going twice or more times in row, and
finally throwing out loose soil in bottom of furrow
to level the same and get the roots in equal depth.
Roots to be planted 18 inches apart in row. The
most important point in setting an asparagus bed
is to have .good large one-year roots, raised on good
soil well manured and planted thin so they will be
large and strong. By taking extra pains here one
year’s time can be gained, as small ones will be at
least one year behind in getting a crop, beside the
extra expense of tending the smaller ones after they
set in the field. To raise good roots sow on good
soil manured heavily; thin in the row 16 inches
apart, keep clean and spray with Paris
green for the beetle if they appear, and
with Bordeaux mixture for the rust.
Another way to raise good roots is to
sow quite thick one year ahead, dig them
and separate when one year old, and
transplant on a thin soil in shallow drills
four to six inches apart, and they will
make good plants to set the following
year, having good fibrous roots, not
long main roots, as they would be if
they stood two years where they grew.
In setting the drills are made enough
for one day’s setting; better to set about
as fast as they are made each day if
possible, as they handle better while the
soil is fresh. Mark distance apart with
light wheelbarrow minus the rim on the
wheel, leaving the spokes of proper
length to mark whatever distance apart
you wish to have them. I have found
IS inches to be about right. Drop roots
in the dots made by the rimless wheel,
place them crowns up and cover with
about two inches of soil, walking in
trench on each side of them. After all
are set, sow' 1,000 pounds good fer¬
tilizer and 500 pounds kainit in row,
which need not be covered until they
need working, by shaving the sides of
the trenches; this should be done very
light, just enough to clean sides and
cover small weeds in bottom of rows.
This is a very critical time until the
second shoot appears ; they will stand
more each time they are worked. The
ridges between trenches can be worked
with one horse cultivator by putting
frame around it with a board on each
side eight inches wide, like a snow plow
drawn wide end ahead, small end in rear,
left open in rear about 18 inches. With
a little practice in holding hard or light
you can let in little or more soil as you
wish, and work up lumps. By using this
once a week or so, ridges can be kept
clean, filling in the rows as needed. By
July 15 rows should be nearly filled in,
and one row of turnips or cabbage can
be planted, making an ideal spot for
either, and with me many times the crop of either
has paid the cost of planting and caring for the bed
the first year.
Second year, after the soil gets warm in the Spring,
take a furrow from each side of the row with light
plow, and clean out the center as deep as you can
without striking crowns. The bed may now be ma¬
nured in the row or broadcast with good fine manure.
Let this lie until sprouts appear, and then work the
soil in the row slowly. By so doing weeds will be
kept down. Keep this up through the season, and
very little hoeing will be needed. If the asparagus
beetle appears spray with Paris green; if rust comes
spray with Bordeaux mixture several times.
Third year the bed should be handled very much
the same as last year; plowed and opened and centers
cleaned out, and when shoots begin to come up in
the row plow furrow to both sides of row. Smooth
the ridge with light drag or by raking, care being
taken to leave some ridge over the row, as cutting
the crop this year will begin. If the bed has been
well tended it should yield 400 to 600 bunches ; can
be cut until June 20. After cutting is done plow off
the ridge about the same as was done in the Spring,
but not quite as deep. Here is another good time to
aa>i Hov-v/an a astute si ht
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
apply manure, which may be coarse, putting in the
center over the row, like some do in manuring for
potatoes, letting it lie until the asparagus runs up
and gets good and strong; then plow to each side
just enough to cover manure. Cultivate between
rows; now you have a good clean bed. If you have
or can get a 16-inch disk cultivator with two gangs
of three 16-inch disks to each gang run with one
gang on each side of the row, which can be set at
different angles, working on each side of the row
and raising the ridge a little and covering weeds at
the same time, giving the disk a little more cutting
angle each time it is worked ; by using disk often and
keeping space between rows cultivated everything will
he clean. This disk is a fine thing as the bed grows
older to work and raise the ridges in after years.
The older the bed gets the higher these ridges should
be, as the crowns of the asparagus come nearer the
surface every year. The work in after years in the
Spring should be done very much the same except
instead of using plow to work the rows in the Spring-
use a riding cultivator, one working on both sides of
row (with center attachment) that could be set light.
The ridge need not be worked down level after the
bed is six or seven years old, only softened, then
worked up again with disk often as the season ad¬
vances. Keep space between rows cleaned out with
wide-winged cultivator to make good walking; keep
soil where disk will take it on row when needed.
Follow this up through cutting season ; when cutting
ends work the ridges down half; let it remain until
crop grows strong as before, and work on your ridge
again. Do this several times and the shade from the
plants will keep down all weeds in row, and a few
times with cultivator will finish the work for the
season. After tops have ripened in Fall cut and burn
and leave soil entirely alone to prevent washing. It
has been my custom to manure every second year,
alternating using 500 pounds nitrate of soda in Spring
and 1,000 pounds kainit or 400 pounds muriate of pot¬
ash after cutting season is over. In fact, I like to apply
all manure after cutting season is over, applying
over the row and covering with soil, and it will keep
soil lively and work better in Spring, never putting
it on surface in Fall or Winter, as it keeps frost in
late in Spring, and is very much in the way in the
Spring. For market the crop should be packed in
neat crates made 18x24, 10 inches high inside meas¬
ure, which will carry 24 bunches. One acre after it
H S
347
is four years old should cut from 1,000 to 2,000
bunches. geo. h. .hall.
Long Island.
STRUGGLE WITH AN EXPRESS COMPANY.
I am most heartily in sympathy with your public
spirited fight against the present pernicious practices
of th« great express companies, and with much
reason, because I am a long-suffering victim. As I
have had occasion to learn, these giant monopolies
are respecters of no man’s rights. They will haul
and handle your goods as suits them ; and charge
what they please ; or refuse to handle them at all, if
valuable and you decline to release them from re¬
sponsibility. You are not even permitted to pur¬
chase a passenger ticket for such goods and take
them on the train with you. The only recourse left
is to hire a man to take them on his back or take them
yourself. This is in no sense of the word an ex¬
aggerated statement. Quite the reverse if anything.
I have been been for the past two years, and am
likely to be for several more to come, involved in a
lawsuit against the United States Express Company
to recover damages for the entire destruction of a
valuable oil painting through criminal
negligence on the part of the company’s
agents.
In spite of the fact that the picture
was packed in a pine box, made espe¬
cially for it by a paid expert, a man
with over 30 years’ experience ; in spite
of the fact that I had agreed to (and
did) pay the company an excess rate of
20 cents a hundred on the valuation
over the regular toll of 40 cents, the box
received usage severe enough to break
the double thick French picture glass in
the shadow box during transit from
Philadelphia to Perkasie, a distance of
30 miles. With the very worthy object
of exculpating themselves, the company’s
employes in whose charge the box was
at the time of breakage, removed the
lid from my box, took out the broken
glass (which had so cut, scraped and
damaged the face of the canvas as com¬
pletely to ruin it), replacing the lid as
it appeared originally. This charity act
was not meant to prevent further dam¬
age to my picture, but to prevent me
from discovering the damage when re¬
ceiving the box until I had receipted
for it in good condition (a printed form
of the company’s that must be signed
before you may even look at your goods,
a fact testified to by one of the com¬
pany’s own men), and was well away
from the express office. These same
over-zealous employes, however, neglect¬
ed to tighten a few screws that had
held the frame of the painting in place
in the box, which the jar causing the
breakage had loosened. By this over¬
sight I was enabled to detect my loss
at the express office, and call the agent's
attention to it.
“Well, that’s some more of the com¬
pany’s work,” was this man’s verbatim
remark, showing that the occurrence
was not unusual to him. Communica¬
tion with the company failed to elicit a
response. In fact, several letters writ¬
ten by me were entirely ignored. Final
employment of counsel resulted in a
trial at court two years afterward, or, to be explicit,
in November of 1910. My witnesses’ testimony
clearly proved negligence on the part of the com¬
pany, and the jury, in a few moments, awarded me a
verdict of $3,000 (the amount of valuation for which
I paid at the rate of 20 cents per hundred, as before
mentioned) and interest, notwithstanding the ag¬
gressive and bulldozing methods employed, during
the trial, by counsel for the company, directed against
my witnesses and myself, not to mention innuendo and
downright insult directed against me personally until
reprimand by the court brought relief.
A case between private individuals considering the
evidence adduced would have ended then and there.
But not so a monopoly. Through a legal technicality,
and by the use of legal legerdemain, an appeal was
demanded, and granted, and the end is not yet.
There will be a retrial, there may be a Supreme
Court trial afterward, although I have an attorney
who is independent and who demonstrated his ability
in his fight with the Philadelphia Traction Company.
He will eventually win my case. But in time, trou¬
ble and expense, together with the indignities one
must submit to, is a powerful discouragement to be
taken into consideration by all contemplating an at¬
tempt for redress from these monopolies.
Bucks Co., Pa. F. D. W. BOLAND.
PLANTING STRAWBERRIES IN ARKANSAS Fig, 117.
DIGGING STRAWBERRY PLANTS IN ARKANSAS Fig. 118.
«48
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 18,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
(operate piece of paper.]
ONIONS FROM SETS.
D. G. R., Smithsburg, Md. — I have been
growing onions from sets, and have had
them pay me as high as .$400 per acre, but
have been sticking them all by hand, and it
is a pretty big job getting down to stick
several acres. Would it be all right to
open a small furrow in nice mellow soil,
well prepared, and sow the sets in, being
careful not to have any turned with top
downward? I would have them lying on
their sides and then cover with a good gar¬
den plow with firming wheel on it so as to
make the ground hold moisture well so the
onions sets would start quicker. Onions
grow much better here from sets than
from seed, and we get advantage of the
larger prices for early onions.
Ans. — I never grew onions from sets
except for green bunching onions in
Spring. The only ripe onions I would
grow from sets are the Yellow Potato
onions, which are planted in the Fall
and mature early, and can be got into
market ahead of the northern crop. But
for onions to keep when ripe I always
sow the seed as early as practicable in
Spring on light but heavily fertilized
land. But in any method of onion grow¬
ing one must get down to it, for the
crop from seed has to he thinned * and
hand weeded. Here we always plant
sets in the Fall, and now I am pulling
nice green onions from sets of Tait’s
Queen planted in September. But you
have a different soil and climate in
Washington County, and Spring plant¬
ing may answer very well. It does not
matter in what position the set falls in
the soil. The little set is all used up
before any new bulb is formed, and the
new bulb will come straight no matter if
the set was upside down. Another way
for growing the finest onions is by sow¬
ing the seed in a frame under glass. I
sow seed of the Prizetaker in January,
and have the plants ready to set out
early in March. They are simply laid
along a shallow furrow and the soil
pulled over the bulbs, and they soon
straighten up and grow. In fact they
will grow if left with the roots simply
touching the soil. These make very
large pale yellow onions, like the Denia
onions that are imported in crates. But
I believe that the most profitable onion
is the Yellow Potato onion planted in
the Fall. The offsets can be pulled for
green bunching in Spring and the large
bulbs left to ripen, and they are so early
that notwithstanding they are poor keep¬
ers, they will sell when the market is
comparatively bare of onions. If you
sow seed of the White or Yellow Globe
Southport onion, as early as practicable,
you can grow a far better crop than
from sets of the ordinary seeding
onions. I have grown almost every va¬
riety and found these the best keepers.
W. F. MASSEY.
Draining Barn Basement.
J. M., Sinclair ville, N. Y. — How may I
drain the ground floor of a basement stable
so that it will be dry at all times? The
stable has a wall on one side only, and as
the ground sloped away from the barn it
would admit of a free course of drainage.
There is a trench of stone under the wall
and continues clear through at both sides
of the farm, but still it is wet, the water
coming in an inch or two deep in a wet
time. Would trenches filled with stone or
tile drain it? If so how should they be
made ?
Ans. — It is quite a common practice
in draining basements to run a tile drain
just outside the footings on which the
wall rests, but it is better to have the
drain three feet outside the wall. Lay a
four-inch tile drain three feet outside
and six inches lower than the bottom
of tbe basement. Give the drain a grade
of six inches to the 100 feet and fill the
ditch with gravel after the tile are laid.
If there is a spring coming up inside
the hasement it will be necessary to run
a drain direct into it, laying rather open
joints and binding with gravel just
coarse enough not to pass into the tile.
Trenches filled with stone are not apt
to be lasting drains; there is too much
chance for clogging material to get in,
and not chance enough the water to
carry it out. f. F. v. s.
Onions and Celery on Sod
R. S., East Smith field, Pa. — What is your
opinion of putting onions on sod ground?
What would be the advantages or disad¬
vantages of doing so? Would hen manure
be better than any other manure for
onions? Please answer the same questions
regarding celery. I expect to make them
my specialties the coming season.
Ans. — We do not like to put onions
on sod unless it may be one of clean
clover. The trouble is that grass works
into the onions, and makes three times
the work needed to keep them clean.
We prefer a crop of corn or potatoes in
hills with thorough cultivation to conquer
the soil before onions are planted. Celery
will do better than onions, because less
finger work is required to clean the
crop. Fine hen manure contains fewer
weed seeds and is richer than other
manures, and we would rather use it on
onions.
Treatment of a Wheat Field.
C. M., Moorestoicn, N. J. — I wish to in¬
crease the yield of a wheat field. After
it was sown in September, it was very dry,
and it did not make a good growth. The
Winter has been hard, alternately freezing
and thawing. Is it best to use a weeder
or roller in early Spring, or both? Shall I
top-dress with commercial fertilizer? If
so, what kind and proportions per acre? I
expect to sow clover as soon as Spring
comes.
Ans. — We should sow the clover seed
and then, when the soil was reasonably
dry, work lightly with a weeder. This
will help cover the clover and give the
wheat a light cultivation, which we think
will prove better than rolling. We
should top-dress with one of the com¬
mercial “top-dressers” or use a mixture
of equal parts nitrate of soda, fine bone,
acid phosphate and muriate of potash.
Use at least 400 pounds per acre.
Soaking Potato Seed.
Can formalin be applied to potatoes any
length of time before planting? It is very
inconvenient to soak our potatoes at plant¬
ing time (about July 4) because that is our
busy harvesting season. Does wood or
coal ashes aid in ridding the potatoes of
scab and do you advise the use of either?
Webster Grove, Mo. F. J.
Potatoes can be soaked in formalin at
least a month before planting. Why not
fumigate the potatoes as described on page
308? Wood ashes contain lime, and this
always acts to increase the scab. We have
reports from farmers that coal ashes pre¬
vented scab or gave a clean crop. Coal
ashes do not contain lime. When there
are considerable cinders or unburned coal
these ashes are slightly acid, and this
would act to prevent the spread of the
scab.
A Little Book
About Roses
Climbing
American
Beauty
are large, bright, glossy green and the foli¬
age remains bright and attractive through¬
out the entire growing season. The illus¬
tration shows a .small part of a photograph
of one Climbing American Beauty in bloom.
Rose-lovers will certainly take great delight
in this wonderful new rose. We will be
pleased to send you, by mail, postpaid, one
orasmanymore as you like of these beau¬
tiful roses. One-year-old plants $2.00 each.
Write for complete descriptive literature.
HOOPES. BRO. & THOMAS COMPANY, West Chester, Pi.
Grow this Beautiful Rose
In Your Garden
It is the American Beauty Rose, but very
much improved. Instead of being a plant
that will only flower in the
hothouse, it will thrive and
bloom wherever a climb¬
ing or pillar rose will.
It has the satn‘“
exquisitely fra-
graut, rosy -crim¬
son flowers 3 to 4
inches in diameter
— but instead of a
few flowers it is
one mass of bloom
in June, and contin¬
ues to bloom occa¬
sionally through¬
out the season.
The leaves of our
Blue Rambler Rose
< VEI LCHENBLAU)
A seedliDg of the famous crimson Rambler.
It bears semi-double flowers of medium size in
large bunches, and in color Is Violet-Blue. If
you want something to make people stop and
take notice the Blue Rose is just the thing.
40c each. 8 for #1.00
MISS MARY E. MARTIN. Floral Park, New York
FRUIT TREES and PLANTS
At prices that will astonish you. Send for Whole¬
sale Price List and Lithographs. Several good
collections cheap. We have a complete assortment
in all varieties of fruit trees and plants. Special
Strawberry Catalog. Headquarters for the Old-
Fashioned Sweet Cherry. No crooked or inferior
stock sold at any price. Satisfaction guaranteed.
L’AMORKAUX NURSERY CO., Schoharie. N. Y.
TREES
CATALOG FREE
— 150ACRKS. Genesee Valley
grown. “Not the cheapest, but
the best.” Never have had San
Jose Scale. Established 1869.
GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
20 Maple St., Oansville, N. Y.
Olympic Nature Nursery.
THE FOREST CONSERVATORY.
Oregon Grape, Rhododendron, Madrona, Huckle¬
berry, Ferns, Blackberry, Salal, Twin Flower,
Spirea, Trillium, Wild Lily-ot'- the- Valley, Ever¬
greens and other Puget Sound Plants and Flowers.
Special Mail Collections— Ten plants for 50 cents;
24 for SI, postpaid in the United States. Money
back if not satisfied. Make money orders payable
to JOEL SHOMAKER, Nellita, Washington.
Black's Peach Trees-191 1
I
.Peach Trees are one of our specialties — we
grow for quality and not quantity alone. Our
trees, however, cost little, if any, more than the|
ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but sell,
di rect, saving middleman *s profits. % r ■ ■ ■
New booklet, “Springtime andVdIU9Dl6
Harvest for the Fruit-grower, “ free, p ■ ■ ■
Joseph H. Black, Son Sc Co. BOOKlei
V, Hightstown, New Jersey
Sent Free
FRUIT
TREES
Pears. Bartlett, Seckel and others.
Fine, healthy trees. Cherried and
Plums, all best varieties. Peached,
grown from buds from bearing trees. Also Grape*
and Currants in any quantity. General big advance
in prices this year owing to great demand for fruit
trees in northwest,. Our prices have not advanced.
Get wholesale prices direct from tisand gl Lot Offers.
Save i to J . Free Catalog. W rite to-day.
W. P. RUPERT &. SON, Box 30 Seneca, N. Y.
Also Breeders of Prize Hampshire Sheep
We Have Over Fifty Million Evergreens
All hardy .tested, nursery grown stock. W e sli i p
to all parts of the world. Large as well as small
trees supplied, MAO and up per thousand. Our
prices are lowest of all. Quality the highest.
Hill’s Trees Grow
because they are hardy and have good roots
You can have a beautiful windbreak, hedge,
shelterbelt or screen with the hardiest of ever¬
greens at a very low cost. Our beautiful catalog,
Illustrated In colors, is a mine of Information on
evergreens, shade, ornamental and fruit trees,
shrubs, roses and vines. Don’t buy until you
get free catalog and sheet describing 60 won¬
derful bargain lots. Send for them today.
D. Hill Jinrsery Company, Ilox 212, Dundee, Illinois
Evergreen Specialists
BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME
GROUNDS WITH A PRIVET HEDGE
I will sell you enough good, strong, heavily rooted
California Privet hedge plants to go around your
home grounds, planted six inches apart, for 9c per
yard, packed to carry anywhere, delivered to It. ft
station at Salisbury, Md. Measure distance around
your grounds, see how little it costs and send your
order to W. F. ALLEN, Salisbury, Maryland.
FRUIT, SHADE and ORNAMENTAL
TREES, SHRUBS and ROSES
A Large Stock of the Finest Quality. Also
a Full Line of the BEST Spray Pumps, and
Spray Material. Prices Low and Satisfac¬
tion Guaranteed. We Deal Direct with
our Customers. Write for Price List.
CALL’S NURSERIES, Perry, Ohio.
APPLE AND
«IIU,VUU PEACH TREES
Our prices are 50 per cent less than you
pay agents and dealers, because in
buying direct from the growers you
SAVE TWO PROFITS
and run no risk. Every tree as repre¬
sented. True to name. Fresh dug.
Personal attention given eacli order.
2 Apple Trees \ gSEfsXt
postpaid for 25 cents.
Everybody send for Free catalogue.
Maloney Bros, & Wells,
Box 13 , Dansville, N. Y.
I
e
iuaranteedTreesi
t Wholesale Prices
DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
Free from Scale and Disease.
lit APPLE TREES, SI. OO.
Your choice of any one Variety.
Baldwin, N. Spy, Wealthy, Jonathan, York Im¬
perial, Ben Davis, Duchess, McIntosh Red, Talltnan
Sweet, JI. B. Twig. Winter Banana, Red Astrachan,
Sutton Beauty, Wolf River, Stark.
Write for our Free Complete Catalog.
Reilly Bros. Nurseries. 1029 Reilly Rd., Dansville, N. Y.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
CELERY CITY NURSERIES, Desk 6, Kalmmmo. Mich.
SALESMEN WANTED
TO SELL TREES AND PLANTS
Free outfit. Commis¬
sionpaidweekly. Write
for terms. PERRY NURS¬
ERIES, Rochester. N. V,
FRUIT
TREES
Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries,
Peaches, Small Fruits, Shrubs,
Roses. Finest Stock. Low Prices.
Free Catalog. Save money. Write.
J. FAERBER FRUITLANO NURSERIES
303 Winlon Rd. North, Rochester, N.Y
WANTED
a few good customersfof
our unexcelled Trees,
Shrubs and Plants.
We want your custom and you want our goods.
Send for our FREE catalog.
The Rochester Nurseries, Rochester, N.Y.
for 1911 is better, more beautiful than
ever— a gem of the printer’s art.
Some Comments:
Dr. Robt. Huey, of Philadelphia, Pa., unques¬
tionably the greatest amateur Rose authority
In the country, says;
“ I have read with pleasure your * Little
Book About Roses’ and congratulate you
on the clearness and simplicity of your in¬
structions ; any one with ordinary intel¬
ligence, reading it. should be able to grow
roses successfully.”
FRUIT GROWERS FAVORITE SAW
IS THE MOST PRACTICAL TREE PRUNER EVER IHVEHTER
Because it saves time and labor and is so easy to
handle. It is made with a 15-incli draw cut blade
and has a 7 or 8 foot handle.
Write today for Descriptive Circular and Prices.
FRUIT GROWERS SAW COMPANY. Scottsville. New York.
CHERRY TREES
100 Early Richmond Cherry
TwoYear, 5 to 6 Feet, $16,00
Freight paid to your station. All other nursery
stock sold direct to planter at lowest possible prices
for high-grade stock. .Send for descriptive price list.
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES
NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
“Your charming booklet, just received,
is worth some whole volumes on account
of its concise and complete directions on
the cultivation of the rose, and I own a
good many works on floriculture.”
“Written with an originality and a liter¬
ary touch that has all the charm of the
unexpected.”
WANT A COPY?
Mailed on receipt of Ten Cents
in coin or stamps.
FRUIT TREES
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry and
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.
CATALPA
CDCnmCA TDCCQ Mine are true to name.
OrtUIUoA IflLLO Free booklet tells all
about the 150 acres I am growing for telephone
poles. H.C. ROGERS, Box 111, Mechanicsbura, 0.
GEORGE H. PETERSON
Rose Specialist,
Box 15, Fair Lawn, N.
FRUIT TREES
Our Proof to date after years of service is that
we can save you not only money, but disap¬
pointment, when your trees begin to fruit.
This Proof will be submitted with our new
catalog — ask’ for it today. * * * * *
K. So WILEY 6 SON, Box 122, Cayuga. N.Y.
1911
THE RURAL NEW-VOKKER
349
A MASTER OF “ GUFF.”
Up to a short time ago we should have
given this title to E. G. Lewis with a
strong lead over all competitors. There
is, however, a “deafness specialist” in
this city who runs him a close race. This
man sends a printed letter to his “dear
friends” which is a masterpiece of
special pleading for a deaf person. Then
he comes down to business :
Stop a moment and consider what it
means ! What is the small sum of $10 as
compared with perfect hearing? It is true
that $10 do not grow upon every bush, and
I concede it may be difficult for you to
meet even the low terms that I offer, but
surely you cannot afford to pass this op¬
portunity by now that you have it. The
probability is that if you put off answer¬
ing this letter and write to me later, I
shall have raised my fee so that you must
pay $25 in advance. Yet I only ask you
to send $3 with your order, a similar
amount in a month and the small sum of
$4 when you know you are cured. Do not
put this aside, dear friend.
For years the unfortunate deaf have
been peculiarly at the mercy of fakes
and humbugs who hold out glowing
hopes for “cures.” No person with good
ears can possibly realize how the man
who knows he is slowly losing his hear¬
ing will grasp at any straw which hot
air floats in his direction. There are
some natures that cannot put on philoso¬
phy and endure the silence. They feel
that they must talk and obtain their
information from conversation. It is
worse than prison for them to be shut
in away from the human voice. Thus
they fall an easy prey to the deafness
cure fakers, who probably get hold of
more money than any other class of
quacks.
The ear is one of the most delicate
organs of the body. It hardly seems
possible that anyone in his right mind
would think of putting powders or
liquids into his eye at the suggestion of
some stranger, yet these fakes expect
you to do even worse things to your
ears. Fool with the eyes and you have
pain and trouble at once. The results
with the ears are slower but none the
less sure. It may seem like a cruel thing
to tell people of middle age that most
cases of long-standing deafness are in¬
curable, yet it is probably true. Taken
in time the disease may be stopped, but
in most forms of ear trouble the organ
cannot be entirely restored. When the
eyes begin to fail we do not hope to
have vision entirely restored, but adopt
glasses to relieve the strain. To an
even greater extent this thing is true of
deafness, and any man who will guar¬
antee a cure for a case of deafness
which he has never personally examined
may be put down as a fake at once.
Deafness is hard, but there are many
worse things in this world, and perhaps
the worst of all is a- lack of humor or
sentiment to take into the silence with
you. But do not send your money to
quacks and humbugs who promise cures,
or your trouble will be doubled.
Leasing Orchard Land.
E. II. K., Rimer, Pa. — We have large
tracts of waste land that would make ideal
orchards, and up to the present time I
haven’t planted other persons’ land. What
would be a fair price to pay per acre on a
lease for 15 years for a peach orchard?
In case the owner furnishes the land what
Is a good proposition to put to him, con¬
sidering that I am the only person inter¬
ested in developing the fruit problem in my
district.
Ans. — The only orchard fruit that
would pay one to grow on leased land
within a term of 15 years is the peach.
The trees should yield some profit the
fourth year, and by the end of the 15
years should be about done their useful¬
ness. This plan has been followed by
J. H. Hale of Connecticut, and he
showed me his orchards on leased land
that were paying him well. The exact
price he paid to the owner and the
terms of payment I do not remember.
The owner of the land should have a
fair rental, for suc-h land as is fit for
peach orchard should be reasonably
good soil, such as would bring farm
crops, and be not very far from market
or transportation. To one who would
start the fruit industry in a region not
over $3 per acre per year should be
charged, or $45 for the entire term of
15 years. This would be about the full
value of the land in many cases and
half of it almost anywhere. An owner
ought to be satisfied with such a return
for land that would give him no trouble
for so long a time and be sure of yield¬
ing a revenue. And the peach grower
should not be obliged to make the pay¬
ments each year until its close, which
would give him time to get returns from
crops. During the first three years
farm crops, truck or strawberries may
be grown between the trees to profit
without damage to them, so that a reve¬
nue could be gotten from the land from
the start. h. e. van deman.
A Tomato Grower Talks.
I raise most of my seed myself. I take
it from plants that show blight-resisting
qualities ; mine did not blight when others
lost their crops around me from it. Seeds¬
men will tell you it is not policy to save
your seeds, but I find it pays. As to
transplanting, I get best results from put¬
ting seed in with garden drill, and when
up I thin with a hoe. I find they fruit
better, and stand drought better, as the
tap root is not injured by transplanting.
I have tested for five years and find I
get best results from drill, and the drill
planted seeds fruited and ripened before
the plants I raised in hotbed, while soil
and condition of climate have a good deal
to do with the way we plant. You can
do more with a drill in putting such crops
in, save time, and it is a big item in
the Spring when work is crowding.
Wood C’o., Ohio. C. it. SMITH.
EDITOR BROWNE
Of The Rockford Morning Star.
“About seven years ago I ceased drink¬
ing coffee to give your Postum a trial.
“I had suffered acutely from various
forms of indigestion and my stomach had
become so disordered as to repel almost
every sort of substantial food. My gen¬
eral health was bad. At close intervals
I would suffer severe attacks which con¬
fined me to bed for a week or more.
Soon after changing from coffee to
Postum the indigestion abated, and in a
short time ceased entirely. I have con¬
tinued the daily use of your excellent
Food Drink and assure you most cordial¬
ly that I am indebted to you for the
relief it has brought me.
“Wishing you a continued success, I am,
“Yours very truly,
“J. Stanley Browne,
“Managing Editor.”
Of course, when a man’s health shows
he can stand coffee without trouble, let
him drink it, but most highly organized
brain-workers simply cannot.
The drugs natural to the coffee berry
affect the stomach and other organs and
thence to the complex nervous system,
throwing it out of balance and producing
disorders in various parts of the body.
Keep up this daily poisoning and serious
disease generally supervenes. So when
man or woman finds that coffee is a
smooth but deadly enemy and health is of
any value at all, there is but one road —
quit.
It is easy to find out if coffee be the
cause of the troubles, for if left off 10
days and Postum be used in its place and
the sick and diseased conditions begin to
disappear, the proof is unanswerable.
Postum is not good if made by short
boiling. It must be boiled full 15 min¬
utes after boiling begins, when the crisp
flavor and the food elements are brought
out of the grains and the beverage is
ready to fulfill its mission of palatable
comfort and renewing the cells and nerve
centres broken down by coffee.
“There’s a Reason.”
Get the little book, “The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs.
Ever read the above letter ? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
Heat that protects little folks
Have you forgotten your childhood days when you fretted at the cold
approach of bedtime, and the still more frigid time of rising, bathing,
dressing and breakfasting. Couldn’t escape the discomfort and the
health-risk then. No ex-
•cuse now, as old-fashioned
heating has proved not
only so lacking but so
utterly wasteful since we
have brought out
IDEAL. Boilers and AMERI¬
CAN Radiators are the highest
development of heating outfit for
warming and ventilating houses,
stores, schools, churches, etc.
Health authorities and scientific
bodies all agree on this.
IDEAL Boilers are made in types for burning hard or soft coal, pea coal, cheapest
screenings, lignite, coke, wood, gas, oil, etc. They are made on the unit or sectional
plan, so will pass through cellar door of any building already erected, and can be made
larger or smaller if the building is later altered in size. Will not rust or wear out as
long as the building stands. IDEAL Boilers are absolutely safe— a child can run one
— many children do. Three or four gallons of water added twice a season will keep
the boiler filled. IDEAL Boilers take up all the heat from the fuel, and deliver it just
where needed — without passing up dust, ashes or coal-gases to living rooms. In an
IDEAL Boiler the fire will not need rekindling in the whole heating season — will run 8
to 16 hours or longer without recoaling — depend¬
ing of course upon the severity of the weather.
Where no cellar is available, an IDEAL water boiler can
be located in a back or unused room, or at end of back
porch or in rear shed. IDEAL Boilers
and AMERICAN Radiators are used in
heating thousands of cellarless build¬
ings in sections of the country where the
seepage ofthe soil is so great as to make
the price of a cellav prohibitive.
IDEAL Boilers r nd AMERICAN Radia¬
tors reduce the cost of living — they are
an investment, not an expense. Their
labor-saving and cleanliness make
them a great boon to the women folks.
Many thousands of them are used in the
farmhouses ofthe United States, Can¬
ada and Europe. If you cannot call,
then please 'phone or write and we will
send you our big book of heating facts
— puts you under no obligation to buy.
Prices are now most favorable.
A No. 020 IDEAL Boiler and 262 sq. ft.
of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, cost¬
ing the owner $105, were used to
heat this cottage, at which price the
goods can be bought of any reputable,
competent Fitter. This did not include
cost of labor, pipe, valves, freight, etc.,
which are extra and vary according
to climatic and other conditions.
Public
Showrooms in all
large cities
AmericanRadiato^ Company
Write to
Department 9
Chicago
makes it only play to work a garden ”
This is exactly what a Planet Jr gardener says. And he says what over ^
a million farmers and gardeners think. They know the time and labor their1
Planet Jrs save. Aren’t you ready to give up the drudgery of farm and garden ?1
J Planet Jr implements are ready to lighten your labor, enlarge and better your crops, 1
fand^, increase your profits. Made by a practical farmer and manufacturer
►with over 35 years’ experience. Fully guaranteed.
No. 25 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double Wheel Hoe,
Cultivator and Plow opens the farrow, sows seed in dri'ls or hills, covers, rolls and marks
out next row in one operation ; and it has perfect’ cultivating attachments besides.
No. 8 Planet Jr Horse-Hoe and Cultivator will do more things in more ways
than any other horse-hoe made. Plows to or from the row. A splendid furrower."
coverer, hiller, and horse-hoe ; uncqualed as atmltivator.
The 1911 Planet Jr illustrated catalogue is invaluable to
every progressive farmer and gardener. 56 pages
helpfu' hints op labor-saving. Free
ant^ Postpaid. Write for it today.
. S L Allen & Co _
Box 1167V Philadelphia Pa
Three Soils That Need Lime
Sour— Dense and Compact— Loose and Porous
EH LAND 1 ,mE
A High Calcium Lime in Powder Form
Shipped in 100-lb. bags, ready to apply or will keep until you aro ready.
Most dealers carry it in stock ; if yours does not, please write us.
Our free booklet., “Liming the Land,” tells about the when, where and how of liming.
ROCKLAND-ROCKPORT LIME CO.
Boston, 21 Milk St.
Rockland, Me.
New York, Fifth Ave. Bldpr.
ery
Elkhart Vehicles and Harness
have a world-wide reputation for high quality and our
prices have made them famous.
THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS
experience selling to the consumer means success.
We ship for examination, guaranteeing safe deliv-
, satisfaction and to save you money.
Catalog shows all styles of pleas¬
ure vehicles and harness, pony
vehicles and harness, spring wagons,
delivery wagons, farm wagons,
and harness.
May we send yon large catalog?
Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co.,
Elkhart, Indiana
Save
$25
aso
When you write advertisers mention The
F. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
THE KUKAL NEW-YORKER
March 18.
Farm Seeds.
We are headquarters for
the best in all Farm seeds.
Grass and Clover Seeds
Seed Corn, Cotton Seed,
Cow Peas, Soja Beans,
Sorghums, Kaffir Corn,
Millet Seed, Peanuts, etc.
'’Wood’s Crop issued
Special’’ m o n thly
gives timely information as to
seeds to plant each month in
the year, also prices of Season¬
able Seeds. Write for copy,
mailed free on request
FARM
SEEDS
Headquarters for
Alfalfa, Clover,
Hay and Pasture
Mixtures, Beans,
Cabbage, Corn
Oats, Onions,
Potatoes and all
farm seeds in large or small quantities at
lowest market prices for absolutely highest
quality. Tell us today what you need.
UIPITC Garden and Floral
VILA J Guide for 1911
Ready now. As always, the authority on
what, how, when and where to plant. Your
copy of the Guide is waiting for you. Write
for it to-day. Sent free.
JAMES VICK’S SONS, 430 Main St., Rochester ,N.Y.
F°*
SALE— Black ami White Reed Oats and Reed
Corn. O. COOLIDGE, Clifton Springs, N. Y.
rnn CHI C— Canada Peas, $1.85 bushel; Alas.
lUll vHLC ka Peas, $4.00 bushel: Cow Peas.
$2.25 bushel; Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel.
Row Canada Peas and Oats in March and harvest
crop of liny in Mav. Onion Rets at $2. per
bushel. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND. Millard. Del.
Cuthbert Raspberry, Eldorado Blackberry,
Wineberry, Barrs Mammoth, and Giant
Argenteuil Asparagus, Privet, etc.
Prices and plants will satisfy.
H. H. CORSON SON, Avondale, Pa.
In McKAY’S
SOCK _ -
PLANT $1.00
and got one of these collections:
10 Cherry Trees _ or 10 Pear Trees
10 Plum Trees. ...or 10 Peach Trees
12 Grape Vines or 50 Berry Bushes
5 Rose Bushes . or f, Shrubs
McKay’s Catalogue Free
W. L. McKAY, Geneva, N. Y. Box R
50,000 WILDER CURRANT
Plants, 1 year, at $14.00 per M; in lots of 5,000, $12.00
per M. J. P. WYGANT, Marlboro, N. Y.
FARM, Marlborough, N. Y.
Pomeroy Hardy English WALNUT TREES
Free Illustrated Booklet
ENGLISH WALNUT FARM
D, N. POMERY, LOCKPORT, N. Y.
200,000 ASPARAGOS ROOTS— Giant Argentenil seed(iin-
portod), $2.50 per thousand. Sample sont if desired.
A Iso Rhubarb Sets from seed variety barge Victoria.
Address Warren Wkbrtku, R. F. 11. 1, Simsbury,
Conn.; or Or. C. A. Conover, Newburgh, N. Y.
GOOSEBERRY PLANTS, 8c. each; $7.50 per 100.
Lx J. GEO. DAGER, Bine Anchor, N. J.
Rhododendrons, named hybrids from Holland.
Colorado Blue Spruce.
Standard Box Treet, sheared, round heads
and pyramids ; all with hall and sure to grow.
Tree Roiex— A large stock of H. P. roses, in¬
cluding Frau Karl DruschM.
We do not advertise the price at a ridiculous
figure to knock the other fellow, but will say
our price is right, and we can furnish the same
4C. stock he advertises if you want it.
Come and see us at Millburn or Newark,
New Jersey.
NORTH JERSEY NURSERIES
Green Manure Crops for Indiana.
8. A. M Edinburg, Ind. — I have a truck
and berry farm in Shelby County, Ind. Land
is level, part black and part is upper clay.
The black land is compact and needs humus
as well as the clay. We cannot get a suf-
fiicent amount of manure ; what can I sow
or plant to get humus?
Ans. — Vetch offers better opportuni¬
ties for giving humus to these soils than
any plant I know of. 1 have tried it on
sandy land, clay, black alluvial and black
muck of a sticky nature. On all these
it has done much good. It is far better
than cow peas or the clovers. I would
sow oats on the fields this Spring and
then follow with vetch in August or
September, and let the vetch stand over
Winter. By April the vetch would
cover the field with a mass of foliage, and
this turned under would give rich
stores of humus. If left too long in the
Spring it forms such a growth as to
make it necessary to use a rolling cutter
with the plow. The fields might be
sown in vetcli this Spring, but in this
case it would have to be turned under
in the Fall. It would doubtless he as
beneficial as the former, but necessitates
the loss of a crop. If the oats are sown
in well-prepared soil, all that would be
required in August would be to loosen
the surface and drill in the vetch. It
will take care of itself. In drilling shut
off the feed gauge, and it will sow
ample seed. From 30 to 40 pounds seed
are required per acre. On the clay I
would sow 40 pounds; on the black soils
30 will suffice. Seed can be obtained
from any of the leading seedsmen. For
truck ground vetch is most excellent.
On the 160 acres sand farm so poor as
not to pay expense for growing truck,
a change was made that is astonishing.
The farm is devoted to growing sweet
corn, beets, peas, in fact all truck for
the canning factory. The corn yields
last year were over four tons where be¬
fore 20 bushels was the limit in field
corn. The peas gave $75 per acre, over
two tons to the acre. j. H. H.
Indiana.
Bone Dust Compared with Manure.
C. L. It., Huntington, W. Va. — A person
in Virginia lias been recommended to me
as one who ground pure hone dust, and I
have written him concerning same lie ad¬
vises that his bone dust is worth $36 per
ton f. o. h., and 100 pounds of hone dust
is equal in value to four two-horse loads of
best stable manure, lasting one-third longer
in production of crops, producing one-fourth
heavier yield in grain and of a one-lifth
better quality. What I am desirous of is
fertilizer on Hay ground for grass, hillside
or rolling land. Would you advise me if the
bone dust alone is all right, or if you have
anything better to suggest? I would also
like to know the best fertilizer for peach
trees this year that bore heavily last year.
J feel as though from their heavy bearing
last year, in case of a heavy crop on this
year, something should be done to help the
peaches along.
Ans. — The only safe way to buy fer¬
tilizer is on a guaranteed analysis. If
we knew the guarantee given with this
bone dust we could do better, but we
assume it is a fine sample containing V/2
per cent nitrogen and 25 of phosphoric
acid. We also assume that a two-horse
load of manure is a ton — which is a
small estimate. We have, then, the
following comparison :
Nitro- I'll os. Pot-
gen. Acid. ash.
100 pounds bone dust... 3 Vi 25
4 tons manure . 40 25 50
We take the average analysis of
manure. This shows the nonsense of
claiming this comparative value of 100
pounds of the hone dust. The manure
has 10 times as much nitrogen and as
much phosphoric acid, while the bone
dust has no potash whatever. Accord¬
ing to the dealer’s figures, one ton of
his bone dusfc is equal to 80 loads of
manure, which probably could not be
bought for less than $100 anywhere that
bone would be likely to be used. This
is a good illustration of the extravagant
claims made by some dealers in chemi¬
cals in order to sell their goods. For
certain fertilizing purposes there is
nothing better than good bone dust, hut
it does not contain potash, and is not,
like manure, a complete fertilizer.
Strong clay soils are often rich natur¬
ally in potash, and some crops might do
fairly well without that element being
added, but for fruit we should always
use potash unless careful experiment
had shown that it was not needed. An¬
other way in which the bone dust is
worth less than the manure is in the
vegetable matter which the latter con¬
tains. This is particularly needed on
heavy soils. If you will use three parts
of this bone dust mixed with one part
muriate of potash you will have a good
mixture for your fruit.
A Hall Acre ol Cherries
If you can spare half an acre for a cherry orchard, here is the
choicest, thriftiest selection of sweet and sour cherries— early,
medium, and late— you ever saw. All are first-class, two-year-old
trees, ready to come into bearing in three years. Read the list
—can you beat it ?
SOUR CHERRIES SWEET CHERRIES
$3.48
S Early Richmoxid.
10 Montmorency.
5 Late Eng. Morello.
The Green’s Direct-to-you Catalogue price
charge you much more. Now for $3.48
Agents' Prlcos Cut In Two , -
Green s Trees I
Send for Our 1911 Catalogue
These are only a few of the many bar¬
gain collections of trees listed in our
1911 Catalogue — larger, finer, better titan
ever before. Every tree we send you is
of a first-class variely.good -sized, thrifty,
triple-inspected ana guaranteed true to
name. These trees are our regular
high-grade stock— j ust what we would
send you whether you ordered one tree
or a thousand.
We sell direct. We have no agents. We
save you the agent’s commission, ami a
comparison will show you that our prices
are half or less what agents charge.
But get the catalogue and satisfy your¬
self. Send now ami also ask for our
souvenir book “30 Years With Fruits
and Flowers.”
2 Gov. Wood (White.)
2 Green’s Blk. Tartarian.
2 Napoleon.
of these trees is $4.20— but others would
A 6 Tree Collection
If you want a small but choice cherpr
orchard get our Collection No 3 — Six
Grand Sweet Cherries for $1.20 — one-fifth
less than our catalogue price. All are
two-year-old trees, 6 to 7 feet high.
2 Green’s Tartarian 1 Gov. Wood (White)
1 Napoleon 1 Windsor 1 Schmidt’s Blgarreau
These will give you cherries from early
June to fall.
12 Best Plums Only $2.35
This is one-tliird off our regular Direct-
to-you Catalogue price — and the vari¬
eties! note them. Abundance, Burbank,
Gueii, Bradshaw — One each; Shropshire
Damson, Loin bard .York State, Niagara —
two each. Twelve trees — all largest, best
stock, and at this special priceof J2.35.
Surprise Shrub Collection
Beautify your groundswith shrubbery.
Here are 13 extra strong shrubs ready for
blooming first season. $3.00 worth for
$1.60. Althea, Spire a, Deutzia, 2 each;
Weigelia, Purple Berberry, Golden F,lder,
Snowball, Yucca, Golden Willow, Clem¬
atis Paniculata.
GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 22, Rochester, N. Y.
Dibble’s Seed Potatoes
3l varieties. Northern grown, full of health
and vigor. Over 30,000 bushels sold. About
30,000 bushels still on band, but selling fast.
Orders averaging from 1,000 to 3,000 bushels
daily.
If yon want Reed Potatoes, hug novo- Stock
is right. Prices are on rock bottom ■ We are
Seed Growers and ship direct from our 1,000
acre Reed Farms to you.
Dibble’s Farm Seed Catalogue, the Leading
Farm Seed Book of the Year, describing the
best Seed Potatoes, Oats. < lorn. Alfalfa, Clover
and Grass Seeds, is FREE. Write for it
right now,
EDWARD F. DIBBLE
SEED GROWER
BOX B HONEOYE FALLS, N. Y.
POTATO GR0WERS7S"4ty°fromethoP^owe?
and save money. White, smooth, saml grown
Rural New-Yorkers, free from l.Hgnt, $1.50 per 107
lb. sack. Also a lew Irish Cobblers and Early
Petoskeys. L. G. BRIDGE!!, R. 1>. 3, Phelps, N.Y.
POTATOES — OiHiit, Mnstl&r, flreen .Ml , Hols ,*n. Ohio, Popular,
Coin Ionia, Slx’Wrekn, H."» kind.. P, IV. I'Ollll, Klslirr*. X, "V.
SKKI> CORN — Reid’s Yellow limit, Imp. Learning,
Golden Surprise, American Pride, White Cap and
good oats. ( Catalog free. THE0.BURI & SONS, Melrose, Ohio
SEED
OATS, CORN, POTATOES, ETC.
Best kinds. Low Prices. Write us.
McAOAMS SEED CO , Columbus Grove. 0.
The BIG MONEY CROP
SEEP;
only!
CENTS
POUND
AND UP
l
-START RIGHT WITH GOOD SEED
I We know that our seed is KX’IKA
■ (IOOD, and supply yearly many of
7 the largest growers. ___
$150.00 TO $300.00 PER ACRE
5 IS WITHIN YOUR REACH
We have an enormous crop of best
; eomrnoreial varieties and make
’ Special Ix)W Prices on quantity.
Tell us how many acres you will
plant in Onions ami what vario-
ties and we will send samples and
rook bottom prices. Better write
now— it’s worth your while. Also
any other seeds you need.
Henry Field Seed Co.
No. 26 Field Blgd.
A- SHENANDOAH. IA.
WHOLESALE PRICES
CCCn n Are Sensation yielded OCti bus. jier
’ w aere on 25 acres. Best oats in cul¬
tivation. Largest grain, stillest straw, and almost
as heavy as wheat. Try them this season and double
your yield. It will be the best investment you ever
made. Sample and catalogue free.
THKO. HURT & SONS . . Melrose, Ohio
Drop a card for
T’lLiA.KrSBTjrLGrll’S
STRAWBERRY CATALOG
for 1911. Reliable, interesting and instruc¬
tive. HIGHLAND. ST. LOUIS, GOLDEN GATE
and all the best varieties. Address
C. N. FLANSBURGH & SON
JACKSON, MICH.
On Strawberry,
Currant, As
High Gra<
d. R. WESTON A CO.
:rry, Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseb
sparagus and Grape Plants, Heavy Rc
de Stock. 19th Annnal Catalogue Fr
R8
Gooseberry,
Rooted,
ee.
Bridgman, Mick
HIGH GRADE STRAWBERRY PLANTS
A rite for list and prices.
•I. BKTSCJHEli . . Canal Dover, Ohio.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That's what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. I). M. TEETER, Belleville, Ohio.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT CROW
All Standard Varietiea. Also RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY,
CURRANT and GRAPE Flams and ASPARAGUS Koota 111
ASSORTMENT. WARRANTED TRUE-TO-NAME, and of
GRADE represented. Catalog with Cultural Instructions 1 Kkh
C E. WHITTEN, BOX 11, BRIDGMAN. MICHIGAN.
‘‘Dewdroo” Everbearing Strawberry
Largest in the World
Bears the First Season
Continuous, June to Nov., color rich
crimson, even throughout. Delicious
flavor. Fiesli fine grained. Unexcelled
shipping qualities. Circular froo.
II. F. DEW, Albion, Michigan.
S
TRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1 .5(1 & $1 .75 per 1000. Ulus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIUDIN, Harily, Del.
WEET POTATO SEED, DEWBERRY AND
Strawberry Plants, Asparagus Roots, Grape
Catalog free. MICHAEL N. B0RG0, Vineland, N. J.
s
Vines.
STRAWBKHKY Hauls. Send for free catalog. Large
stock Miller, best red raspberry, only $5 per 1000. Also,
eggs for hatching. Pure VV. Wy. nnd It. P. It., eggs
for $1.25. Si.aymakkr <S Son, Wyoming, bell
QtrQUfhorru Plante Host Varieties.
OilunUcI I I riQlllo Descriptive Catalogue
Free. BASIL PERRY, D. 18, Cool Spring, Del.
Our free book quotes
lowest prices, honestly
describes 00 varieties,
explains C. O.'D. plan,
tolls how to plant and grow strawberries, rasp¬
berries, blackberries, grapes, etc.
A. G. BLOUNT, Dept. A, Hastings, N. Y.
PLANTS
5,000 QUARTS OF
STRAWBERRIES
in September and October
from one acre by planting
Kevitt's New Fall-Bearing
Plants. This I guaranteeor
I will return your money
paid for plants. Send for my
catalogue. Over five now
fall-bearing varieties.
T. C. KEVITT, ATHENIA, N. J.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— Now and old varieties. Semi
for now Illus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Dei.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Express prepaid. Send for catalogue.
H1LLCREST FRUIT FARM . . Washington, Indiana
CHOICE COW PEAS
Hand threshed; anv variety, any quantity. Cor
respondenee solicited. SUOLER BROS,, Bridgeville, Del.
P LA N T
EUREKA
CORN
Get 65 Tons Ensilage
Per Acre.
Others are
doing it —
you try this
spring. F.ureka Ensilage Corn
grows tallest, has most leaves
and largest number of ears.
Pack your silos to the brim this
season — save money on grain.
Cows thrive on ensilage, in¬
crease your milk profits. Get the
genuine — we are headquarters
for Kurekn. Seed. 850 Gold
Prize for beat yield tills
yen r. Prices and big new seed
catalogue free — write today.
ROSS BROS. CO.
13 Front Street, Worcester, Mass.
l,OO0,000
Strawberry Plants
Large stock thrifty young plants from famous
“Heritage” strain. Prolific hearer. Also Trees,
Vines.California Privet, Asparagus Roots, Spraying
Outfits, Garden Tools, etc; writutoday fo;* fkek :catui"K.
Arthur J. Collins, BoxR, Moorestown, N.J.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
1911
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL MEETING.
Part II.
Pecan culture in Georgia and Florida
came in for a good share of attention, and
papers were read by J. B. Wight and H. K.
Miller on the subject, each for his own
State, respectively. Remarks were also
made by others, regarding these sections
and the alluvial regions of the Mississippi
Valley. There is no doubt that pecan
growing is on a sure footing. The best of
all pecans are grown In the Gulf States,
Georgia and the Carolinas. The varieties
originated there arc too tender in tree and
too late in ripening their nuts to succeed
in the North. But there are types of the
pecan and a few varieties have been se¬
lected from them that are hardy In Vir¬
ginia, Ohio and westward to Kansas. In
the Wabash bottoms of Indiana and else¬
where in that latitude there are gigantic
pecan trees growing in the forests of the
rich bottom lands. That in future pecan
growing will be extended northward is quite
probable, but only through the hardy types.
“Orchard Heating" was the subject of
a very good paper by Prof. W. L. Howard
of Missouri. The benefits were very plainly
shown by references to many commercial
tests of the system. Mineral oil from
which the gasoline had been taken was
found to be the best to use, although there
are coal burners that have been found prac¬
tical. There must be heaters used that will
burn all night without replenishing the
oil, to save trouble in the night. From
Missouri and Kansas several most excellent
results were stated by those who had tried
orchard heating to save their apple and
other fruit crops and similar cases in
several other States were mentioned. Orch¬
ard heating seems to be a fixed and prac¬
tical business.
Orange culture in Florida was thoroughly
treated in all its phases and by experts in
every one of them. The Citrus orchard
pests occupied a considerable part of the
attention, because they are numerous and
hard to fight. The white fly is one of the
worst of them and yet it is now being
destroyed by a class of natural enemies, or
certain fungi that prey upon the young
larva of this insect. The leaves are often
covered with the fungus spots that have
grown where the insects had been, giving
an ugly brown appearance to the foliage,
but this is far better than the insect pest
that was sucking the life from the tree.
“Fertilizers for Oranges” was treated by
E. O. Painter of Florida, and he gave a
very good history of the whole business
from the first efforts of the early settlers
in budding over the wild orange trees in
the hammocks to the most recent methods.
From the naturally fertilized soil of the
hammocks to the poor pine land changed
by chemicals and soiling crops, he told the
story of progress. Potash, phosphorus and
nitrogen wisely used is the basis of the
whole thing as we now see it. Cultivation
is very necessary at times and on certain
soils, but an abundance of properly balanced
plant food is the backbone of modern
orange culture in Florida. It makes the
sweet, juicy orange that we all love to
eat.
The proper gathering, handling and
packing of oranges was another Important
part of the discussion. By the most care¬
ful clipping of the fruit from the trees, the
avoidance of all rough handling and the
most conscientious grading and packing
there is being placed on the market the
best oranges that are found in any part of
the world and with only a fraction of one
per cent, of loss. The Florida Citrus Ex¬
change is a powerful factor in the fruit
world and a blessing to the growers.
“Keeping Quality of Apples,” by Prof. W.
R. Lazenby of Ohio, was a very interesting
subject and ably treated. He gave the re¬
sults of some experiments in early and late
gathering of the same varieties from the
same trees at different times, and their
examination later. The conclusion was that
the very early gathered apples and those
gathered rather late, kept better than those
gathered between these two conditions.
Those gathered very early lost in w.eight
and were of poor flavor. Those gathered
very late, after the color was well devel¬
oped, were the best in every way. The
inference is clear but the facts that con¬
front us are that we cannot gather all the
crop at the ideal time and great care must
be used to do the best possible under the
circumstances after clearly understanding
the principal involved. There were several
invitations from places at which to hold
the next meeting but all were referred to
the Executive Committee. Washington, D.
C., was thought to be a good place. The
old officers were elected almost without a
change. H. a. van deman.
Removing Trees With Dynamite. — In
clearing laud I have used dynamite under
some apple trees 16 inches in diameter
with good results. Three sticks of the ex¬
plosive lifted some of them (whole trees)
out of the ground bodily, an expense of 40
cents, about, so applied accomplishing as
much as two men could effect in several
hours of hard work, or more likelv, half
Q day. fc.
Manhasset, L. I.
Western Tomato Yields.
Friend Cook’s article (page 100) is in¬
teresting. There is no plant grown by us
that gives more pleasure along with
profit than does the tomato. Ills state¬
ment of receipts per acre running from
$300 to $G00 may seem high to the casual
reader, but to those familiar with tomato
yields it is not so. 1 presume his sales
were in the markets. I have grown them
to yield over 500 bushels per acre ; three
acres grown for the cannery brought .$345,
or $115 per acre. The yield was over 49
tons, or 10 1-3 tons per acre. This was
what was delivered at the cannery. There
were some sold in the markets, both early
and late in the season, when the cannery
could not handle them. Of these no ac¬
counts were kept, but I know they would
have brought the receipts per acre up to
$150. This lot contained 0500 plants, set
4 % feet by 4(4 feet, and cultivated both
ways with a harrow-tooth cultivator. The
ground was gone over once a week until
the vines wellnigh covered the ground.
Our aim was to keep a loose surface to
retain moisture. A killing frost came the
last of October, and I believe fully one-
fourth as many green tomatoes were on
the vines as were gathered. My plan of
handling plants is somewhat the same as
his, only I grow ours in a hotbed and use
cold frames for hardening them before
putting them out in the open. I first .
reset the young plants in the warm bed,
and when the weather will admit I trans¬
plant the second time in the cold frame,
where the plant remains till time for out¬
door setting. I never allow my plants to
become chilled, as such plants never re¬
cover. In transplanting either in the
beds or outdoors I do not. want a plant
to wither at all.
For our very early market tomatoes we
protect the young plant from cutworms,
frost or cold winds by placing over them
a tin can with both top and bottom re¬
moved. At the cannery are many defective
tin cans; I secure these at my leisure, re¬
move the ends and when planting place
one over each plant, pressing it slightly in
the soil. These are not removed till the
next Spring, when the vines are taken off.
These cans will serve for two years. No
plants are lost by doing this. The shoots
coming out at the axil of the leaf are re¬
moved at first to give the first fruits a
chance, and all through the season much
superfluous growth is removed to admit
air and sunshine. I begin selling early to¬
matoes about July 25, fully two weeks
ahead of time. Prices then range from 10
cents down to four cents per pound as the
season advances. I aim to have each plant
produce at least 15 pounds of market¬
able tomatoes ; have had in a few cases
30 pounds. One season I sold my entire
early crop at 10 cents per pound.
Seed must be selected if one wants
progress. In getting a new variety I
save the first ripening fruits if well formed
so as to have seed of this kind for several
years (four at least). In this way there
is no crossing. I save seed from the
fruits bearing the bisexual mark; few
people know anything about this. Next
fruiting season look at the scar on the
tomato where the blossom was, and see if
you can detect a difference. One thing
more; we never grow tomatoes on the same
soil more than twice. They exhaust soil
very much. A fourth crop cannot be made
a success on the same land.
j. n. HAYNES.
Indiana.
Second-growth Timothy.
Last Fall my meadow (Timothy) made
quite a second growth, but not sufficient to
admit of cutting a rowen crop; is it ad¬
visable to burn over this growth this
Spring? If it were left, would it not clog
the mower? b. m. q.
Under the circumstances it will be better
to burn off this growth of rowen, other¬
wise you could hardly get through with the
mower. We would rather have clipped the
second growth and let it remain on the
field.
Exterminating Thistles.
A Timothy meadow that was seeded in
the Fall of 1909, at the time of sowing
wheat, has several patches of thistles grow¬
ing in it that were unknown as being there
before. How will be the best way to pro-
ced to exterminate them? H. B. s.
Cuyahoga Co., O.
Plowing and thorough culture with some
level crop is best. If you want to cut the
grass you can use a spade or a sharp
spade and cut the thistles off below ground
before they seed and put a handful of salt
in the place. Keep this up and you will get
them.
The Himalaya Berry.— Referring to the
Giant .Himalaya berry recently mentioned
in The R. N.-Y., I grew this berry in west¬
ern Washington, where it is both a success
and a favorite. We have also tried it here
in western Pennsylvania. We get a fine
growth, but the canes have winterkilled
four successive Winters, and two of them we
had the canes protected. We have con¬
cluded that it is worthless where there Is
much hard freezing. b. v. e.
Sharon, Pa.
3S1
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
Not Your Home — but
Is Yours Protected?
Why don’t you do something to pro¬
tect your home? Thousands and
thousands of homes are made safe by
THE DODD SYSTEM
kof Lightning
ProtecUon
_C ONTROt-ft
OVrt Dodd, Originator of tht Dodd Syitom
Not one ever destroyed or injured. And
yet lightning causes three-fourths of
all the country fires. The Dodd System
comes nearest to absolute safety of any
In the world. Insurance companies say
so. Over aooo Mutual Companies have i
passed resolutions endorsing it. Old 1
Line Companies are giving 20 per cent
reduction in rates on buildings pro¬
tected with D.-S. Lightning Rods.
Be sure you get THE DODD SYSTEM, the
real system — includes scientific installa¬
tion as well as the standard rod at the
standard price.
Look for the D.-S. Trade Mark. Write
for great lightning book, FREE, to
Dodd & Struthers
437 6th Ave., Des Moines, Iowa:
EasjSS*'?- j
as-
Ask for Our Tire Book
Cut Tire Bills in Two
Probably 1 00,000 motor car owners now use
Goodyear No-Rim-Cut tires— 10% oversize.
The control of this tire jumped our tire sales
last year to $8,500,000. And 64 leading motor
car makers have contracted for these tires this
year. They now outsell our clincher tires al¬
most six to one.
If you are a tire user you should know these
tires. They cut tire bills in two. Ask us to
mail our Tire Book.
Goodyear No-Rim-Cut Tire
The No-Rim-Cut tire — like the clincher
tire— fits any standard rim for quick-de¬
tachable tires. Also demountable rims.
In changing from clinchers, you simply
slip each removable rim flange to the other
side. Then the tire comes against a
rounded edge, as shown in the picture
above.
We have run these tires fiat in a hun¬
dred tests — as far as 20 miles — without a
single instance of rim cutting.
is what ruins a tire beyond repair if you
run it not fully inflated.
More damage is done by rim cutting
than any other single cause. To avoid it
means an average saving of 25 per cent
on tires. We do avoid it utterly in Good¬
year No-Rim-Cut tires.
The Secret
The reason lies in 126 braided piano
wires which we vulcanize into our tire
base. That makes the tire base un-
stretchable. Nothing can force it off of
the rim until you unlock and remove the
rim flange.
When the tire is inflated these braided
wires contract. The tire is then held to
the rim by a pressure of 134 pounds to the
inch.
That’s why No-Rim-Cut tires are not
hooked to the rim. That’s why the rim
flanges can be turned outward. Not even
tire bolts are needed.
We control this feature by patent. All
other methods for making an unstretch-
able tire base have been found deficient.
Single wires or twisted wires won’t do.
The braided wires which contract under
air pressure are essential to a safe hook¬
less tire.
When the rim flanges curve outward,
the extra flare lets us make these tires 10
per cent oversize. And we do it without
any extra charge.
This adds 10 per cent to the carrying
capacity— 10 per cent to the air cushion.
It takes care of the extras — the top, glass
front, gas tank, extra tire, etc. It avoids
the overloading which is almost univer¬
sal without the oversize tire.
This 10 per cent oversize, with the aver¬
age car, adds 25 per cent to the tire mile¬
age. These two features together — No-
Rim-Cut and oversize— are saving thou¬
sands of motorists about half on their tire
bills. Nothing else invented in late years
saves so much on upkeep.
Yet these patented tires — which used
to cost one-fifth extra — now cost the same
as other standard tires.
Ordinary Clincher Tire
With tne ordinary tire— the clincher tire
— these removable rim flanges must be
set to curve inward— to grasp hold of the
hooked tire base. That is how the tire is
held on.
The picture shows how the thin edge
of the flange then digs into the tire.
That is the cause of rim cutting. That
Our Tire Book explains things fully.
It tells all we have learned about mak¬
ing tires in 12 years spent in tire mak¬
ing. It tells how you can reduce your
tire bills to a trifling sum.
It is time that every motorist knew
these facts. Please write us to mail
the book.
THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY Fifty-Ninth St. AKRON, OHIO
Branches and Agencies in All the Principal Cities We Make All Sorts of Rubber Tires
JmL
362
THE KURAL N E W - YORKER
March 18,
Rent for Land.
K. Budd Luke, N. J. — What would be
a fair rent for two acres of ground on the
following conditions : Present condition of
the ground, newly plowed last Spring and
planted to corn ; level and not stony. Use
to which It will be put, to be properly fer¬
tilized and planted to potatoes.
Ans. — Our rule would be to consider
the field like so much money and charge
interest on its value. There should he
a larger interest charged for the use of
land than for money. In our country
land is worth about $100 per acre and
we should expect at least eight per cent
for the use of i„t one season.
Origin of the Apple.
A. E. T., Cumberland Center, Me, — Will
you Inform me whether all apples originated
in the crab apple, also when crab apple
was discovered?
Ans. — The apple has come from two
original varieties. All our common
apples are modifications of Pyrus Malus,
a low round-headed tree with fuzzy
leaves and woolly-stemmed flowers. It
is a native of southwestern Asia and
Europe, and has been cultivated so long
that we know nothing of its earliest use.
Among the things found in the pre¬
historic lake dwellings of Switzerland
are charred remains of apples. The
crab-apples are derived from Pyrus
baccata, the Siberian crab, which was
introduced into England in 1784. Hy¬
brids between P. baccata and P. Malus
have resulted in the large-fruited crabs,
such as Transcendent and Hyslop, this
family being known to botanists as
Pyrus prunifolia. There is a crab-apple
of the western or prairie States, P.
Ioensis, which, while of little edible
value, has produced some very hardy
hybrids with P. Malus, of which the
Soulard crab is the best example. An
eastern American crab apple, P. cor-
onaria, is of little value, and has not
yet proved useful in hybridizing. Peo¬
ple often refer to sour and gnarly seed¬
lings of Pyrus Malus, growing wild in
some sterile place, as crab-apples, but
this is botanically inaccurate.
The Use of Tankage.
Reader, Eau Claire, TFis. — I can get
tankage from a so-called rendery, where
bones and other butcher-shop refuse are
steamed out for the grease in them, at $8
per ton, which is the price the owner
now receives irom a fertilizer factory in
Chicago. Would this stuff be worth $8
and for truck aud small crops as well as
apples? For which of these crops would
it pay best to use it, currants and goose¬
berries, raspberries, blackberries, straw¬
berries, cabbage, onions, turnips, rutabagas,
corn, potatoes and small grain, as oats,
barley, rye and millet, and in how large
amounts could it be applied per acre for the
various crops mentioned for best results?
Would it be better to mix it with barnyard
or hen manure, and if so, in what propor¬
tions? What is the actual value of this
material, as compared with other standard
fertilizers and barnyard manure? Would
it be best to plow it under or apply as a
top-dressing? Would it be all right to use
it lust as It comes from the rendering vat,
or would it be better ground or crushed
fine? In case it would be better, for the
sake of making it a more balanced or com¬
plete fertilizer, to mix other fertilizing
agents with it, what kind should be used for
best results on various crops mentioned?
Ans. — Such tankage is cheap at $8.
Get all you need of it. It is better
crushed or ground fine. This tankage —
in fact all animal fertilizers — contains
nitrogen and phosphoric acid, but does
not contain potash. That must always
be considered in using bone, tankage or
dried blood. It will not supply what is
lacking to mix the tankage with manure,
for that is strongest in nitrogen. You
should add potash in some form to make
a complete fertilizer. If you can get
wood ashes use them broadcast, but do
not mix with the tankage. These ashes
contain lime and this should not be
mixed with any animal fertilizer except
bone. The best plan would be to use
muriate or sulphate of potash one part
to three parts of the tankage. This will
make a good combination for any of the
crops you mention.
Transplanting Privet Hedge.
A. R. B., Lower Providence, Pa. — I have
a well-grown California privet hedge (six
years old) which I must remove. Can I
replant it? How should it be done?
Ans. — A. R. B. can transplant privet
of any size or age. Dig the plants so as
to leave as many of the roots as possible
on them and cut tops back to six inches,
if a low thick hedge is desired. If the
hedge is to be used for a screen and
height only is to be considered, then
all the tops can be left on when trans¬
planting. The privet being one of the
easiest hardy shrubs in cultivation to
transplant, it is no uncommon thing for
nurserymen to sell and plant out large
privet plants in the Summer when plants
are in full leaf, and by watering them
for a few days they live and grow.
A. R. B. should dig a trench at least
24 to 30 inches wide and two feet deep,
then put back in bottom of trench six
inches of good rich top soil. When
planting fill in with top soil and pack
the soil tight around the roots, either by
treading it in with the feet or with a
post pounder. Plant early in Spring, and
either mulch heavy with coarse manure
or keep the ground stirred and pulver¬
ized with hoe or rake to conserve mois¬
ture. Some hen manure, bone or nitrate
of soda raked or hoed in after trench is
filled will help the plants grow through
the Summer. e. s. black.
HOW HE KILLS QUACK GRASS.
I frequently see in The R. N.-Y. ques¬
tions asked about cleaning land of “couch
or quack grass.” As that is an easy propo¬
sition, I will give my experience of over
30 years, which I trust may lighten some
one’s burden. When I was a boy on my
father’s farm, our root land each Spring
would have to be cleaned of couch before
planting. The process was as follows :
Plowing, harrowing, and raking, repeatedly,
with the carting off the roots to some
place to be used perhaps during Summer
to put under pigs to augment the manure
pile, which really meant a lot of unnec¬
essary work. When starting farming on
my own account I followed the same plan
for a time, but one Fall, having discov¬
ered that my oat field (I usually follow
oats by roots) was particularly infested
with couch, I decided after plowing, the
weather being favorable, fo use the culti¬
vator on it, and I did so, running it in
different directions and thoroughly pulver¬
izing the land, leaving most of the roots on
the surface. I merely did this to forward
the gathering of them in the Spring. The
field being somewhat flat, and the Spring
proving wet, I got tired waiting for a suit¬
able condition of the land for the removal
of the roots, and decided to plant the po¬
tatoes without any further work. I did
so with much fear and trembling of the
weeding to come, but to my surprise,
scarcely a root grew, and the crop with the
exception of a few places where the roots
were not sufficiently separated from the soil,
were perfectly clean. From that day to
the present couch has no terrors for me. I
have cleaned three farms and never knew
a failure when the work is thoroughly and
properly done. The process is to plow
your land early enough in the Fall to have
dry weather for cultivation. Use a three-
horse cultivator and if very full of roots,
go lightly at first to avoid choking, gradu¬
ally going deeper until you are the depth
of the plow, thoroughly pulverizing it;
don’t harrow it, leave it rough and Jack
Frost will finish the job, and do it to your
liking. G. A. 'MUTCH.
Prince Edward Island.
THE APPLE BUSINESS
Is a sure thing — if you have the right kind of
a tree. People may plant too many oranges
but the good old apple is a sure thing. The
time to get in with that hillside is right now
— this Spring.
There is some discussion about the best
aged tree to plant. Some want big trees and
some little whips. We have them all!
The size is a matter of opinion but every¬
body agrees that the health and life of tne
tree is more important. We put life and
health in our trees — or they do it themselves.
They grow in strong ground with no
check from start to finish and with a long
fall season to harden and ripen their woods.
They are sound, free from disease and
ready to grow. Every variety you want
and every tree right.
The Catalog tells all about it.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 15, BERLIN, MD.
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS JS ZZ*
/ipples ... $15.00 per lOO
Peaches ... $8.00 per lOO
Cherries ... $10.00 per lOO
Strictly First-Class Stock, Government In¬
spected. Write today for our free catalogue
on Fruits and Ornamentals, and buy direct
from the growers. Our trees are grown in that
great nursery belt of Ontario County.
ONTARIO NURSERY CO., Inc.
GENEVA, N. V. Box No. 2i
TESTED AND PROVEN
SEEDS
f PHILADELPHIA. PA.
Stand lor Purity and Quality. The result
of 38 years’ experience in testing, and
proving the best. Our GARDEN AND FARM
MANUAL for 1911 tells all about them.
Mailed tree to Seed buyers who write for it.
JOHNSON SEED COMPANY,
217 Market St„ Philadelphia. Pa.
RAPEVINE
Large stock. Best varieties. Best Grade.
Guaranteed true.
w SPECIAL OFFER.
We will send, postpaid, 10 strong, hardy, two-
year-old GRAPEVINES — best varieties, red,
white and black — for $1.00. Just the kind
ior planting around the house, along fences, or
in the garden. W e also offer FIv© Thro©- Year-
Old vinos For SI.OO. Will bear year after
^planting. Our valuable book, how to plant
L and prune, free with every order. Mention J
^this paper and we'll add free one new,
large, red currant.
T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY
Grapevine Specialists
Central A v«.,Fredonla,N.Y.
Established 44 years.
SS GRAPEVINES
69 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best Root¬
ed Stock, Genuine, cheap, 2 .ample vines mailed for 10c. Desc.
price-list free. LBWIS ROE9CM * SON. Bos K , Fredoala, N, V.
IMPORTANT
to CABBAGE
GROWERS
To prove
That our FROST-PROOF CABBAGE
PLANTS can be set tn the open field a
month to six weeks earlier than plants of
your own growing.
That they will stand frost and freezing without
injury, and mature you a crop of headed
cabbage at least two to three weeks earlier
than plants of your own raising,
We will send you
by mail one hundred of these plants for
twenty-fivfe cents, agreeing to refund the
amount if results are not as stated above ; pro¬
viding this notice with the name of the paper
in which it appears is sent with the order.
WILLIAM C. GERATY CO.
The Cabbage Plant Men
Young’s Island, S. C.
NEW SEED OATS. Bigmoney
in right kind ot oats. Here's
your chance. I inported Canadian
seed oats, raised on Galloway
Brothers' big iarm in Canada.
New, clean land. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought this seed from us last year raised as high as 75 to 100
bushels in this country, and found out their old seed was inbred
and run out. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed.
Send for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. Will also send
our free booklet, entitled “Big Money in Oats and How to Grow
Them." Galloway Bros. -Bowman Company
662 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa
at Ono- Ha If City r\vv ' ^
Seodcrren’s Prices IVv^^Ib
Cabbage Seed — Sure to
up even and hard. We supply the ‘
largest growers in the United States.
k Cauliflower Seed— Danish grown^^
M from selected heads, tsoo for better
truer seed. Lowest.prlces.
Onion Seed — Highest grade, clean
nid true. Any quantity.
Cucumber Seed — New York grown,
^^Whlte as chalk— no better pedigreed M
^^nstock at twice its price. T
BjK&iV Pea* and Beans — Hand picked,*
SUJMfcV ^^^cleaned and graded.
’ Sweet Com— Eastern grown.
^^^F0*RUT SEED CO.
iaadfr CORTLAND, N.T. A
- ONION SEED -
We are headquarters for a full line of Ktras-
burg. Flat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
■ THEILMANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA. -
©ECIIC Clovers; Medium Red, Mammoth,
OCClf O Alsike, Alfalfa; Timothy, Blue Grass.
Red Top, Soy Beans, Cow Peas, Oats, Corn, etc.
Send for prices and samples.
ZACK DAVIS CO., Dclnwurc Ohio
Clover Seed, Seed Corn, Seed Oats, Ted”
Highest quality. Why not buy these direct? Cata¬
log of all kinds of farm seeds mailed free on re¬
quest. MACE & MANSFIELD, Greenville, Ohio.
FOTTLER, FISKE, RAWSON Co.
OUR SPECIALTY
erme OF THE highest grade
ijHiHiLf for the MARKET GARDENER
We cannot say more for the SEEDS only “The Highest Grade.’*
Our Garden Manual is made up for the buyer who wants “The Highest
Grade Seeds.” Let us mail you one and you be the judge.
It is useful as a reference even if you do not buy. Just mail us a postal,
we’ll do the rest. _ ~ _ t - ~
Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Co. '“oSW-rtSfiE Boston
NEW ENGLAND CORN GROWERS l
The Coe-Mortimer Grand Prize of $500
FOR THE MOST PROFITABLE ACRE OF
FIELD CORN IS OPEN TO ALL OF YOU
It makes no difference whose fertilizer you use, or how much per acre.
The Plan of Competition is given in The Rural New-Yorker for March 4th.
Read it and get ready to compete.
Copy of plan and our handsome Memorandum Booklet sent free on request.
(Competition will close on or before November 1st, 1911.)
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers of the Celebrated
E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS
& PERUVIAN BRANDS
24-26 Stone Street
New York City
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
a'o3
1911.
THE PRUNE IN WESTERN WASHINGTON
AND OREGON.
Fifteen or 20 years ago prune orchards
in the coast country of Oregon and
Washington, and drying houses for pre¬
paring the fruit for market, were as
“plentiful as blackberries.” At the pres¬
ent time the majority of the trees have
disappeared, and the most of the drying
houses are things of the past, being like
the hop industry in this respect. At
that time our newspapers were full of
the stories of the great wealth that
would come to us from the production
of that fruit. Since then has come ex¬
perience. The fact remains that we can
grow here on this northwest Pacific
coast the finest plum (or the prune, so
called) that the world can produce.
However, the development of a profitable
market for them has as yet not been
very encouraging. There are no local
markets or demand for any considerable
quantities of the fruit, and our plums
do not ship east as well as the fruit
Experience with Cherry Tree.
J. H. E., Perryman , Md. — It may be an
old story, but my experience was so strik¬
ing that it will bear repeating. Last
Spring, with other trees I got a Black Tar¬
tarian cherry. Shortly after planting it put
out a few leaves, but did not grow over
one-third normal size, and in the early
part of June these leaves began to turn
black. June 20 I put a V-shaped trough
on the south side of this tree. Iu one week
new growth started and in a short time six
inches of new wood with large healthy
leaves crowned the tree. Can you account
for this?
Ans. — The cherry is a tree that wants
a mild and yet not a hot climatic condi¬
tion. It is my belief that the very hot
sunshine on the newly-set tree was caus¬
ing evaporation of the sap through its
pores in leaf and stem faster than the
roots could supply it, hence the failure
to grow off well and the partial dying
of the leaves. The board protection
checked the evaporation and enabled the
tree to resume and maintain normal
conditions of sap circulation ; that is,
absorption and exhalation of internal
moistures. The growth then increased
and both root and top became healthy
and vigorous. h. e. van deman.
grown in the drier climate of eastern
Washington or Oregon. The prune
grown here is the Fellenberg plum, and
called the Italian prune. That grown in
California is the smaller French or
Petite prune, a sweetish and insipid fruit
compared with the former, but it is more
easily handled and is there cheaply dried
in the open air, spread upon trays. Here
all drying must be done in houses with
artificial heat, and is a somewhat long
and tedious process because of the large
size and juiciness of our prunes.
The prune is dried in pretty much the
same manner as other fruit, spread upon
trays of open-work wire cloth. Instead
of wire cloth sometimes wood slat bot¬
toms are used. These trays are placed,
one above another, on the second floor
of the dry house, the heated air from
furnace room below passing upward and
through the fruit. Our prunes weighing
eight or 10 to the pound are slow in dry¬
ing, and lose three-fourths of their
weight in the process. In commercial
work the prunes are first dipped in a
boiling lye solution. A couple of cans
of lye to 40 gallons of water is about
right. They are then redipped in a vat
of clear water to rinse them. This
cleans the fruit from all mold or other
germs, and also thins the skin to facili¬
tate the drying process. The fruit
should be of a leathery texture when
taken from the trays, but without any
juice showing in the flesh when opened.
Experience soon guides in this. As taken
from the trays the fruit is placed in a
pile or heap on a floor or bin to undergo
the curing or sweating process, which in
a few days will occur. The pile should
be shovelled over several times, eight or
10 days apart, when the fruit will assume
an even texture as found in market.
Hardly two drying houses common in
Washington and Oregon are alike. Many
are patented, the object aimed at being
to facilitate the work and to save labor.
We have seen the fruit dried simply
spread upon a slat floor over a furnace
room, as was common in New York
State for the evaporation of the apple
product, and the fruit shoveled over sev¬
eral times to facilitate drying. The
main essentials in these establishments
are a draft or movement of the heated
air through the fruit above. This means
a tall air shaft on building, or better, a
forced draft by engine and blower. And
the fruit should not be less than eight
or lo feet above the top of furnace, as
with a temperature of 175 or 200 degrees
in furnace room much of the juice will
run out of the fruit unless with a very
strong draft. The fruit must be dead
ripe and ready to fall from the tree.
And here is where we “fell down” with
the drying business. Half of the crop
was on the ground and spoiled before
we could handle the other half. In the
drier climate of eastern Washington
they are more easily taken care of. Here
they grow larger and are not so dry-
fleshed, and we now find it better to dis¬
pose of our prunes in a half ripened
condition to a jelly factory or canning
plant. Small lots of plums or prunes
for home use can be nicely evaporated
on a cookstove drier. The fruit should
be cut into halves and placed on the
trays with cut side up. The Peach plum
thus dried is a very choice product. And
some day our prunes of tiiis northwest
Pacific coast will be counted as the high¬
est product for excellence of any of the
whole list of the dried fruits, j. f. c.
Mt. Vernon, Wash.
Keeping Turnip-rooted Parsley.
I grew an acre of turn ip- rooted Ham¬
burg parsley aud have a small greenhouse
beated by dues, 40 by 40. I have trans¬
planted the parsley in this house on top
and beneath the benches. It got a good
start and grew for about two weeks, then
the roots began to get a gray mold, and
this destroyed about half of the crop.
The same mold went over the whole green¬
house, destroying both plants and cuttings
in sand beds. How can I keep this mold
from my plants? A gray root begins on
the crown of the roots, makes a bad odor
through the whole house. Can parsley
(turnip- rooted) be kept over Winter by
storing it away in some cool place instead
of planting in greenhouse? a. a. b.
Fairhaven, Pa.
Turnip-rooted or Hamburg parsley, the
edible portion of which is the fleshy roots,
somewhat resembles small parsnip. These
roots do not force well or grow under ex¬
treme heat. To keep them during Winter
they may be trenched or kept in a cool
cellar, the same as celery or oyster plants.
If kept in the open ground, select dry soil,
dig a narrow trench the width of a spade
of a suitable depth for the roots, so the
crown will be about even with the surface.
Pack the roots tightly in an upright posi¬
tion. then cover with boards nailed V-
shape so as to shed all water, as the
crown of the roots must be kept dry. On
the approach of cold weather and when
the ground freezes, cover the trench and
board together with long horse manure to
exclude frost. t. M. white.
Equip Your Garden Right
Get the new s«sh that has two layers of glass and nce<
no mats or other covers. Grow your flowers and veget
bles way ahead of the season. Have a garden und
glass always growing.
Send For These Two Boohs
One is our valuable free cat- ,
alog. In the other Prof. Massey
tells what and when to plant in
hot-beds and cold-frames. Send
4c in stamps for this booklet in j
addition to free catalog.
Sunlight Doable Glass Sash Co.
924 E. Broadway. Louisville, Ky.
Edwards Interlocking
“Reo” Steel Shingles
Last a Lifetime t{i
They are stamped
In best Bessemer
Steel and come in
sheets 5 to 12 feet
long and 24 inche9
wide, either paint¬
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Will not rust or
corrode. The
nails are covered by our patent interlocking
feature which prevents leaking, etc.
Reo Steel Shingles are easily put on any
roof. Hammer and nails only tools needed.
$10,000 Guarantee Bond
Perfect protection against fire, and are ab¬
solutely guaranteed by us in a 110,000 bond
as proof against lightning.
Will outwear wood or composition roofs
and cannot be distinguished from best cut
wood or slate shingles.
Get Manufacturer’s Bargain Prices
We are largest manufacturers of all kinds
of iron and steel roofing and can Quote you
lowest prices.
Send for Our Free Catalog No. 373
It contains valuable information you
should, have before you put on that roof.
Send dimensions of your building and we will
quote cost of a -Reo Steel Shingle roof
delivered to your railroad station.
We want one representative in every com¬
munity to demonstrate and take orders for
Edwards Interlocking Reo Steel Shingles.
Write us today— now! (40)
THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING COMPANY
323-375 Lock Street, CINCINNATI, OHIO
Why you can
trust this car
Runabout, 8750
F. O. B. Detroit, including three oil lamps,
tools and horn. Gas lamps and tank,
top, wind shield, etc., extra. Detachable
doors, $25.
Touring car for 4, $900. Fore-door Touring
Car. $925.
GUARANTEED FOR LIFE
Again and again in our daily corres¬
pondence occurs this sentence :
“An owner recommends your car to me.”
In former issues of this paper we have told
you in more detail about the advantages
of the Hupmobile.
But no argument can be as convincing as
those you will hear from Hupmobile owners.
The Hupmobile is a splendid car for your
city, farm or country use. Its light weight
is easy on tires and will carry you through
places where a heavier car cannot go.
On account of its low consumption of gaso¬
line it gives you the very limit of economy
in up-keep.
THE GUARANTEE
This guarantee is explicit, unqualified and
binding. It covers the entire life of the car,
no matter how many different people may
own the car. It means that during the life
of the car, the Hupp Motor Car Company
guarantees the car, in all its parts, and the
accessories and equipment, against defect of
material or workmanship. The guarantee
reads:
The Hupp Motor Car Company guarantees
the Hupmobile from defects in material or
workmanship, during the life of the car, and
will replace, free of charge, any such defec¬
tive material when returned to its factory
for inspection, transportation prepaid. This
guarantee does not cover tires, which are
guaranteed by their makers-
^ Protect Your Home ^
With a Roof of Slate
Have a roof of solid rock — a roof that
sun, fire, water, lightning or the action of
air cannot effect— that cannot rust, crack,
warp or decay.
For the roof of your home, barn or out¬
buildings, Sea Green and Purple Slate may
cost a trifle more in the beginning; than shingles,
iron, feit or patent roofings— but it will save you
both money and anxiety from the day it is laid
and will last forever.
Sea Green and Purple
Roofing Slate
will improve the appearance of your prop¬
erty as it improves the appearance of schools,
churches, public buildings or the homes of your
neighbors— and is the only roofing to use where
drinking water is collected off the roof, because of
all roofing, it will not absorb the carbonic or other
poisonous gases of the atmosphere. Protect your
home with a roof of slate and settle your roofing
problems for the balance of your life.
Bond for Free Booklet “ Roofs’ '
containing many practical and helpful hints
on selecting a new roofing. Your copy will come
absolutely tree. Simply tell us where to send it
and give name of your roofer.
The American Sea Green Slate Co.
( Roofs That Never Wear Out )
SAVES
WHEELBARROW II labor
SEEDER II V \\/ and
Sows evenly. No need \J/ SEED
to wait for quiet day.
Sows Timothy, Clover, Alsike, Alfalfa, Millet, Turnip, etc.
Two sizes: 14 ft. and 16 ft. Auger feed. Wood frame. Satis¬
faction guaranteed. Prompt shipment. If your dealer
gi . _
does not handle the “STAK” write us for booklet.
STAR
STAR SEEDER CO., Box R, Shortsvillc, N. Y.
Use a HERCULES
All-Steel Triple-Power
Stump Puller on
30 Days’ Free Trial
Send for literature, dealer’s address, and com¬
plete information.
Hupp Motor Car Co„
Desk 57 Detroit, Mich.
BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY
Potatoes, tomntoes, cacumbere, cantaloupe,
small fruits, orchards, can bo sprayed, at
alight; comparative cost for protection against
blight, bugs, scale, etc., with an "IKON AGE’’
9PKAYKK. Also, actually increases the
yield. The machine is adjustable to various
width rows — solution thoroughly mixed —
delivered in a fine spray that covers the plant
—single or double acting pumps— three, four; six or seven
rows — one or two horses — 56 or 100 gallon steel or wood
tanks. Has orchard attachment and many others.
mourn Farm and Garden Tool*
ore practical, effective, economical
They give permanent satisfac- f'
tion. We have been making
the dependable kind for 75 /ij
years. Formulas for ■■■ V-
solutions furnished on
application. Write for
our 'free Anniversary ’'Jafrh
Catalog showing pota-
te machinery, horse hoes, cultivators and complete line
of garden drills, wheel hoes, orchard tools, etc.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO. Box 1025) Grenloch. N. J.
Clear up your stumpy fields at our risk now
with a famous Hercules on30 days’ Free Trial.
Test it on your place at our risk. Pulls stumps
out, roots and all. 400% stronger than any
other puller made. Triple power attachment
means one-third greater pull. The only stump
puller guaranteed for 3 years. Only one with
Double Safety Ratchets. Only one with all
bearings and working parts turned, finished
and machined, reducing friction, increasing
power, making » it extremely light-running.
J Hitch on to any stump
400% and the
More
Power
Stump is Bound
to Come
Also pulls largest-
sized green trees,
hedgerows,
etc. L>on’t risk
dangerous
and costly
dynamite. It
only shatters
stump and leaves
roots in ground.
Save big money
by getting our
1701717 C and free trial oil er. Also
T -TV lb L DUG IVO special proposition to
first buyers where wo have no agents. Write us a
postal card today. Address
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO.
130 17th Street, Centerville, Iowa
Choice Virginia Farms t”8 C. & O. R’y
»s low as $15.00 PER ACRE. Abundant rainfall, rich soil, mild winters, nearby Eastern markets.
5Vrite for illustrated booklet, "COUNTRY LIFE IN VIRGINIA” (100 pagesl and low excursion
rates. Address K. T. CRAWLEY, Indus. Agt. Chesapeake & Ohio R’y, Bor \ i Richmond. Va.
PETER COOPER’S PURE BONE DUST
THE OLD RELIABLE SINCE 1827
STERLING BRANDS OF
COMPLETE FERTILIZERS
SPECIAL BLENDS FOR SPECIAL CROPS
” : Send for Booklet : :
PETER COOPER'S FERTILIZER.
u
The Le Roy Turns the Earth.”
The Le Roy Plow Co., Le Roy, N. Y., have built up a
wonderful reputation on a wonderful Walking
Plow. Now to meet the almost universal demand for
Riding Plows, this Company has worked its
special plow experts overtime and the Result is
the most perfect, practical. Riding Plow
offered to the practical farmer. Easy and con¬
venient foot trip. Extreme Pole Shift. Tilt-
Ing Seat. All Steel Frame (others
are cast iron) Patent Square Steel Jointer
mmm Standards — Chilled Iron or Steel Bot-
toms, best of all Easy Dralt and Easy
£ to Operate, the same as the big line of
Le Roy Walking Plows. Ask for our
1911 catalogue.
You usually can find them with your
best dealers.
LE ROY PLOW CO, Le Roy, N. Y. _
oo<*
SL'HhC RURAIv NEW-YORKER
maren 18,
AN APPLE ORCHARD IN SOUTH
INDIANA.
C. N., Buffalo, N. Y. — I have an orchard
of about four acres set in apples (just
coming into bearing) on “rolling” land. It
was plowed and in sweet corn for the
most part in 1007. Since then it has been
in weeds, sod, etc. The ground is threaded
with persimmon roots in places, and there
are a great many dewberry and blackberry
brambles, the place having been wholly
neglected the seasons of 1908 and 1909.
The soil is a clay with a good deal of
broken limestone and some small bowlders
of a quartz-like character. What can 1 put
that ground in next Spring or Summer that
will return me a direct profit as well as
benefiting the orchard indirectly? The
ground is too steep and irregular in its
contour to allow annual plowing. The
ultimate idea of the farm is to keep cows
for butter, and poultry for eggs. I do not
know that this has any particular bearing
on the case, but I state it lest it may.
This farm is situated in southern Indiana,
about 700 feet above sea level and in ex¬
actly the same latitude as Louisville, Ky.
Everything grows here that grows in the
North and some things besides, both in
vegetables and forage crops.
Ans. — The planting of cultivated crops
in a young orchard, while the trees are
growing to the age of fruit bearing, is
entirely permissible, provided the land
be fertile to begin with, and that the
fertility removed and the humus worn
out in the production of such crops be
fully repaid to the soil. Where it is
necessary to plant an orchard on land
low or moderate in fertility the effort
of the planter, from the very outset,
should be to build up in that soil, as
rapidly as possible, the store of plant
food that will be needed in abundance
to supply the trees when they attain
the age of fruit bearing. To insure an
extended period of fruit bearing, trees
must be well nourished. An orchard
will produce for a time on poor land,
though the crops cannot be counted
upon to be either regular or heavy; but
under modern orchard management
where thorough spraying is given es¬
pecial attention, resulting in a degree of
prolificacy rarely found in uncared for
orchards, the trees must be liberally fed
else a few seasons will bring loss of
vigor, and perhaps death.
Presuming that, in a general way, soil
and climatic conditions are similar in
southern Indiana to those of southern
Ohio where our experiment station is
making rather extensive orchard experi¬
ments, I would suggest that as the or¬
chard is now coming into bearing, all
crops which do not, directly or indi¬
rectly, benefit the orchard by improving
soil conditions, be discontinued. The
trees should now have the entire area
unless the crop grown will perform the
double and rather unusual service of
“paying both Peter and Paul.” Cer¬
tainly there are few crops outside of
the legumes — clover, cow peas, Soy
beans, etc., that are capable of serving in
this dual capacity. The owner should
be willing to count as gain the storing
up of humus and fertility in that steep
hillside, for, with good care, those young
trees will soon return a profit far in
advance of anything in the way of grain
or forage or vegetable products which
the ground would be likely to produce
in its present condition. It would seem
that to plow the ground in the Spring,
harrow a few times, keeping all weed
growth subdued until early June, and
sowing cow peas or Soy beans, would
be a good start. We like to drill the
peas in rows two feet apart so that one
or two cultivations may be given. A
grain drill may be used, allowing but
every third opening to distribute the
seed. One-half bushel of seed per acre,
especially of the smaller seeded kinds of
peas and beans, is sufficient.
If the soil in the orchard be fairly
fertile it might be worth while to try
sowing Medium Red clover at the rate
of one peck to the acre, among the cow
peas or Soy beans, just after their last
cultivation (from the middle to the last
of' July), running over the ground after
seeding with a very fine toothed culti¬
vator and, if possible, a narrow, one-
horse drag or float made of a short piece
of heavy plank with handles attached to
guide it between the rows. I have had
excellent success in sowing Medium Red
clover in July, following the turning
under of old bearing beds of straw¬
berries. If a catch of clover be ob¬
tained it may be cut the following sea¬
son and, perhaps, a part of it removed
for feed, provided an equal weight or
bulk of vegetable matter be returned to
the ground from which it was cut. I
should much rather cut it and allow it
to lie in the orchard, or rake it green
and mulch the trees by dividing and
piling it beneath the ends of the branches
of the trees. Allowing the ground to
remain in clover the next season it may
again be plowed, sowed to cow peas or
Soy beans in the month of June and
seeded to mixed grasses and Alsike
clover the following Spring, having al¬
lowed the legume crop to stand over
Winter. As the ground is steep and
rough I certainly do not recommend
continued plowing and cultivation.
Mulching will give just as good re¬
sults and will perfectly conserve the re¬
sources of the soil. Straw, swamp hay,
weeds, potato tops, tomato vines or any
and all kinds of waste vegetable growths
will serve for mulching material. This
material should be heavily applied in a
circle beneath the extremities of the
branches and not close to the bases of
the trees.
On a hillside such as the inquirer
mentions, I should not plow the entire
area of the ground, but would plow
across the slope, leaving strips of land
as Wide as the spread of the branches
of the trees, in sod, mulching each in¬
dividual tree. This would be a great
protection from washing by heavy rains,
saving many tons of valuable soil that
otherwise would be carried from the
slope. A couple of seasons’ plowing in
this way, with a short season of culti¬
vation each time, will result in terracing
the surface of the slope to some extent,
which leaves a better driveway between
each two rows of trees for the passage
of the spray outfit, and the wagon when
gathering the apples.
The desire for a crop which will pay
a profit in the orchard suggests the ex¬
perience of a friend of mine during the
past season, who sowed one acre of good
ground to Soy beans for the purpose of
further enriching it for growing sweet
corn. This acre of ground, in addition
to being benefited by the leguminous
crop, produced 23 bushels of Soy beans
of the Medium Green variety easily
worth $57.50 wholesale at prevailing
prices of the past year. The “bean straw”
was still available for returning to the
ground which had produced it. It of
course requires good soil for this re¬
turn; but few soils are so good but what
a greater store of fertility, or at least a
maintenance of fertility, is highly desir¬
able. I find this to be very true through¬
out southern Ohio, and I doubt not it
would be found the same in southern In¬
diana. There are thousands of acres of
orchard land in southern Ohio that have
been rendered the poorest parts of the
farms on which the orchards are located,
by trying to grow some crop that will
pay a profit outside of the income from
the trees. There is a great awakening
at the present time, however, to the fact
•that the greatest problem which at pres¬
ent confronts the southern Ohio or-
chardist, is that of restoring to these
same orchard areas a measure of the
fertility and humus which characterized
them in early days. Nothing in the
way of fertilizer can excel an applica¬
tion of stable manure, though stable
manure can be profitably supplemented
by an application of ground bone or
even acid phosphate, either for farm or
fruit crops.
After a season or two of cover crops,
preceded by cultivation of the orchard,
the brambles and roots mentioned by
the inquirer may not be seriously
troublesome; but, after the ground has
been seeded to grass and Alsike, the
two or three clippings per season, with a
mower, w'hich is a part of the sod-mulch
plan of orchard management, will prob¬
ably more effectually keep down the
wild growth than cultivation would do.
I know of orchards in southeastern
Ohio which have been reclaimed from
thickets of. locust coppice by much work
in grubbing and cleaning, which the past
season were kept neat and sightly by
use of the mowing machine. The wild
growth as clipped was allowed to lie
where it fell and the trees were heavily
mulched with material from outside.
Beautiful apples were produced this first
year of reclamation. F. h. ballou.
Manure, Ashes and Bone.
J. J. E., Iron Mountain, Mich. — I can
get all the stable manure I want, and I
can also get all the hardwood ashes from a
sawmill. What other fertilizer do I need?
Ans. — The stable manure will average,
per ton, 10 pounds of nitrogen, six of
phosphoric acid and 13 of potash. The
wood ashes if unleached will give about
10 pounds potash and 36 phosphoric
acid per ton with 600 pounds of lime.
Thus the element you need most is phos¬
phoric acid. If you can collect bones
and have them ground reasonably cheap
you will have a balanced ration. In
some parts of Michigan where wood
ashes are plenty farmers are able to buy
or collect large quantities of bones. They
can be steamed under high pressure and
then ground. Used with the wood ashes
they will fertilize clover, Alfalfa and
grain and make a good fertilizer. Ground
bone in addition to the ashes and rpa-
nure, will provide what you want.
DIBBLE’S SEED OATS
are early with strong, stiff straw ; heavy grain, weighing
36-40 pounds per bushel, and are enormously productive.
One ot our own fields of 13 acres produced 91)4 bushels per
acre of recleaned grain; another of 17 acres, 87 bushels per
acre; and our average yield for the past six years, growing
150-200 acres annually, has been over tvnee the average yield
of the United States for the same period— a record never ap.
Broached by any other variety.
Levi Simmons, Lima, N. Y., writes: “From four acres we
threshed 440 bushels, threshers’ measure.”
W. H. Swarts, of Allegany County, N. Y., reports “6‘S bag*
from two bushels sowing, weight about 80 pounds per bag,”
and C. A. Boyd, Sagerstown, Pa., says: “They yielded just
ttco bushels where other oats yielded one in the same field.”
Dibble’s Seed Oats are thoroughly recleaned by the best
mills known to the trade and are shipped direct from our
1,600-aere Seed Farms to you at the following low prices : 2)4
bu. bag. $2.00; 10 bu., $7.50 ; 100 bu.„ $65.00. Bags free.
Samples and Catalog containing full descriptions, with
some two score testimonials, FREE. Address
EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower
Box B HONEOYE FALLS, N. Y.
Burpee, Philadelphia,
:an Seed Catal
Burpee=Quality
is sufficient for the front
of a post card. If you will
write your own address
_ _ plainly on the other side
we shall be pleased to send The Leading American Seed Catalog. An elegant book of 174
pages, it tells the plain truth, and should be read by
all who would have the best garden possible and
who are willing to pay a fair price for seeds of the
You can’t sow thistles and
reap figs. If you plant
Ferry s Seeds you
grow exactly what
you expect and in
a profusion
and perfec-
tion never
excelled.
* $
Fifty
years of
study and
experience
make them re¬
liable. For sale
everywhere. Ferry’s
1911 Seed Annual
free on request 1
D. M. FERRY « CO,
Detroit, Mich.
GREGORY’S SEEDS
90 cents worth for
25 cents in coin
Aster, Gregory's Special Fancy Mixture, • • 10c.
Pansy, Gregory’s Special Fancy Mixture. • 15c.
Coreopsis, Gregory's Special Fancy Mixture, 05c.
Poppy, Gregory's Faney Ikmble Mixed Ananala, 10c.
Mignonette, Gregory's Largo Flowering, eery rUh 10c
Bachelor Button, Gregory's Finest Mixture, lie.
Petunia. Gregory’s Finest Hybrid Mixture, • 15c.
Candytuft, Gregory's Finest Mixed, • . .05c.
Nasturtium, Dwarf, Finest Mixed, • . • 05c.
Sweet Peas. Extra Choice Mixed. . . . . 05c.
10 packages sent for 25c in coin •
In additiou toabove, will send FIVK
of our regular FIVE CENT PACK¬
AGES of Vegetable seed, our se¬
lection, with beautiful Catalogue, it
this paper is mentioned with order.
N. GREGORY 8 SOW, 157 Elm ST.,MiMiatu, Mass ■
l pkg.
1 pkg.
1 pkg-
1 pkg.
1 pkg.
1 pkg.
1 pkg.
I pkg.
1 pkg.
1 pkg.
N. WERTHEIMER & SON
Choice seeds boughtdireet from the farmer imdsold
direct to the farmer. We offer yon the choicest
seeds, doubly recleaned, Medium and Mammoth
Clover Seed, Alsike, Alfalfa. Timothy, Crimson.
Clover, White Oiover, Red Top, Orchard (Trass,
Blue Grass, Lawn Grass, all kinds of Corn, Spring
and Winter Wheat, Buckwheat, all kinds of Peas.
Samples and prices sent on application. * * *
N. WERTHEIMER & SON LIG0NIER, INDIANA
SEED CORN
WING'S IMPROVED WHITE CAP will ont-
yield any other 120-day corn you can put beside It.
Improved on our farms by ear row test plots for
15 years. 3 acres have yielded 147 bu.per acre.
EXCELSIOR, pure white, has yielded 145 bn.
per acre In test plot. A splendid variety.
WING’S 120-DAY YELLOW, FUNK’S YEL¬
LOW DENT, and REID’S YELLOW DENT. The
three heaviest yielding yellow varieties in Ohio.
WING’S 90-DAY YELLOW. A sensation in
very deep grained, heavy yielding, very early mv
taring corn.
A11 onr corn bred b7 ear row test plots. Write
today for catalog and information.
WING SEED CO., Box 423 Mechanlcsburg, O.
CENT
SEED
SALE
10,000
Selected - —
FERTILE SEEDS for
16c
1 500 Lettuce
1 OOO Onion
J OOO Radish
1 OO Tomato
1500 Turnip
1 0OO Celery
100 Parsley
1 500 Rutabaga
1 OOO Carrot
100 Melon
1200 Brilliant Flower Seeds, SOsorts
Any one of these packages is worth
the price we -ask for the whole
10,000 kernels to start with. It is
merely our way of letting you test
_ ' our seed — proving to you how
mighty good they are.
Send 16 cents in stamps to-day and
we will send you this great collection of seeds by
return mail. We'll also mail you absolutely free
our great catalog for 1911 — all postpaid.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO.,
I 44 South 8th Street, LaCrosso, WIs.
NO TIME TO LOSE
There are Flowers and
Many Kinds of Plants
That You Must Attend to
IN THE SPRING
NOW IS THE SEASON
To learn all about the Special Value of
We are very enthusiastic about having
you know how our seeds have been care¬
fully cultured to germinate and mature in¬
to plants that show a real pedigree source.
We would like to make a catalog of this
advertisement, but the space does not per¬
mit. So we invite you to write us all about
your garden needs. We will cordially
respond, and send you our new 144 page
illustrated catalog free. We are introduc¬
ing some seasonable seed "novelties at a
special packet price. Eschscholtzia
Thoubttrni (California Poppy) the grand¬
est of all Ksehscholtzias. We will mail a
packet of this valuable novelty and a copy
of our beautiful catalogue— the Best Seed
Annual published in America— for only 10
cents, stamps or coin. (Regular price of
seed 15 cents packet.) WRITE TODAY.
J. M.THORBURN & CO.
Dept. Y
33 Barclay Street, New York.
CLOVER •% TIMOTHY Too”*
Chen pest and Best Seeding Known
Alsike, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully Vi Al¬
sike. a great bargain. Most wonderful hay and pas¬
ture combination that grows. Write for Free Sam¬
ple and our large 76-page catalog describing this
wonderful grass mixture. Far ahead of anything
you can sow and ridiculously cheap. Be convinced.
4. A. Berry Seed Co., Boxseo Clnrinda, Iowa*
“PRINCE HENRY” Potato. Heavy
yielding variety of Rural type. Excellent quality,
grown from selected and Treated seed, choice stock.
2-bushel sack $1.40, 5 sacks or more $1.30 each.
CHAMPION BEARDLESS BARLEY,
Pure and nice. 2 bushels $2.75, lU bushels or more
$1.30 per bushel. J. N. MacPHEB80N, Pine View
Farm, Seottsville, N. Y.
CABBAGE SEED
New Enkhuizen Glory (the world’s best cab¬
bage): extra selected seed, my own importa¬
tion. direct from Introducers in Holland, of
this truly wonderful Cabbage, Lb. $2.50, Oz.,
35 cts., Pkt., 10 cts. E. J. Wakefield, All
Head Early. Early Summer, Succession,
Winnigstadt, Surehead, Late Flat Dutch,
Drumhead, Lb. $1.60, Oz. 20 cts., Pkt. 5cts.
Postpaid. Write for free Catalog.
J. AUG. DRAKE, Seedsman 100 Main St. Chester N. J.
00D SEEDS
BESTINTHEWORLD
PRICES BELOW ALL OTHERS
I give a lot of new sorts for
trial with every order I fill.
A Grand Big Catalog CDCC
Illustrated with over ■ nCC
^ 700 engravings of vegetables
and flowers. Send yours and
your neighbors’ addresses.
SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois
30©
wu
T'HJS RURAb NEJW-VORKEK
ORCHARD HEATING IN CALIFORNIA.
Two years ago a group of growers
comprising about 60 acres, undertook to
fight frost with coal, but made rather a
dismal failure, if we had measured the
results by the immunity from damage
as compared with the noil-protected
groves. There was undoubtedly some
advantage, but not enough to pay for
the trouble and expense. However, a
few of us saw that there was a cause for
the failure, and decided to go into the
work again in the following year, start¬
ing in earlier on preliminary work, so
as to start the real work with more as¬
surance of good results than before.
The work finally simmered down to my
own individual holdings, and in the end
to only two acres of that. The present
season about 300 acres have been pre¬
pared to fire principally on the strength
of my experience last year, and though
we have not had such severe weather
this season as last, we had two nights,
December 31 and January 1, which
would have done damage if efficient
fighting had not been done. So much
for the general facts of the case. Now,
I will give you details from which you
can see the cause of our failure and the
reason for our success.
The real cause of the failure with the
coal lay in the insufficient number of
fires per acre, and a shortage of trained
help to light and refill the baskets ; con¬
sequently the fires were too far apart,
and only the trees nearest the fires were
protected. Then again the coal baskets
were almost burned down in three hours,
and entirely gone in four, so that unless
there are plenty of extra baskets ready
(which was our case), early lighting will
leave the trees without protection in
the hours just before sunrise, and late
lighting will let the trees and fruit freeze
before the remedy is applied, and the
latter is what we did. The small amount
of help we got out of it came from the
smudge covering the groves after sun¬
rise, causing a slow thawing out of the
frosted fruit and less danger of cell
rupture, which is the result of frosting
of Citrus fruit.
The conclusions arrived at as a direct
result of the experiences of the season
of 1908-1909 were that to be sure of
success fires must be not more than 20
feet apart, for very cold nights. Also
that the fires must be started before the
ground cakes in the least, so as to keep
up the heat supply from the earth which
practically ceases when the ground is
hardened. This is obtained by the
blanketing effect of the smoke cloud,
preventing the rapid radiation of the
latent heat of the earth. Further, fires
should be kept going for at least two
hours after the sun is up to minimize
any damage which may have taken place,
in spite of the work. The work in the
season 1909-1910 was carried on with
heavy crude oil burned in paper bags,
filling them full and lighting them at
the top; the bag burned down regularly
from start to finish, was easy to light
and simple to handle, the one failure,
arising from the difficulty found in get¬
ting a bag that would not leak. The
final limitation of the work that season
came from the inability to get fuel when
it was wanted. However, the following
was gained: (1) A good lighting torch
was developed by which a live man can
light 500 fires an hour. (2) It was pos¬
itively proved that the result could be
obtained. Also that it was of great
importance to have on hand a supply of
fuel sufficient for more than the worst
ever known.
The season 1910-1911 was entered with
the growers owning 300 acres equipping
their groves with pots designed to burn
a cheap oil (a by-product of the re¬
finery), known locally as slop distillate,
and costing us laid down in the grow¬
ers’ tanks, three cents a gallon. These
pots were placed one to each tree, in
the body of the grove and two to a
tree on the windward side. The light¬
ing was begun at 30 degrees, the wind¬
ward side being lit first, then as soon
as the temperature showed a tendency
to drop every fourth row was lit and
then others as the conditions demanded.
With everything in the windward half
of my grove burning and three-fourths
of the balance lit, I had no trouble main¬
taining the temperature at 30 degrees,
while it dropped to 22 degrees 100 feet
to windward of the fires. The first
fires were lit at 11 p. m., and the fires
were not put out until 8 a. m., and the
total expense for 1,400 trees was $18 for
fuel and $5 for labor, beside my own
time, and about four hours for my team
hauling oil. From these figures you
will be able to compute the expense of
1*he work. The equipment cost us $375
per 1,000 fires, for pots, tanks and oil
enough for six nights of the worst we
have seen. You know your own condi¬
tions and output better than I do so you
will be better able to answer the ques¬
tion, “Is it worth while?” One of
the hardest parts of the whole campaign
is the organization of the growers for
uniform work, or in fact to enthuse them
for work at all. There are always the
weather-wise who sees signs (in the
moon or some other place which does
not bear on our weather), that we are
to have mild weather; others have heard
somewhere that somebody tried to fight
frost and failed, and so on. Nothing
but persistent publication of known facts
and keeping everlastingly at them (until
several braver than the rest take hold)
will win the day. j. e. adamson.
Los Angeles Co., Cal.
Orchard and Farm Fertility.
E. B., Kendall, N. Y. — I am farming 100
acres of sandy loam; have about 14 'acres
of old (30 to 40 years) apple orchard, and
10 of three-year-old, aiso seven acres
dwarf Duchess pears. The remainder of
the farm has been robbed for the orchards
for years. As this is the off year for the
apples, how can I build up the soil best
and still meet expenses? I would like to
put a portion of the manure in the orchard.
Is it possible to put in some legume in the
Spring to plow under for a potato crop the
same year, planting potatoes about June
15. If so what do you advise? You see
the land is run to a certain extent, but if
manured it responds to a wonderful extent.
If you were placed as I am what would you
do without too large an outlay of money
to build up the farm again, and at the same
time manure the orchards?
Ans. — Canada field peas are about the
only crop that would prove much help.
They can be seeded in April. We should
put oats with them. By the middle of
June there will be a fair growth to be
plowed under. It will help the potatoes,
but some fertilizer should also be used.
Try to work all the vegetable matter
possible into that soil. Sow rye after
potatoes and buckwheat after an early
crop. Never let the soil lie idle, but
keep covered with a living crop and put
it under when full-grown.
THE HAMILTON RESERVOIR
ORCHARD
HEATER
Positively
the most
effective
heater be¬
cause of its
REGULATED
FIRE. Many
other points of superiority.
Write for our RED BOOK on orchard
heatinsr free. Tells you how best to smudge
HAMILTON ORCHARD HEATER CO.. Grand Junction, Colo.
AMERICAN
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
with metal fence posts have
developed this post. It is
now thoroughly practical, fill¬
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farm, in the town, for rail¬
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are used.
Made of tough steel, heavily
zinc coated. Durability
proven by us — ten years’ ac¬
tual use showing good as new.
Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
for it.
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
fmM prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 8 Wire Co.
H
IT
m
P
fe
w
Chicago ;
115 Adams Street
Denver :
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
New York:
30 Church Street
San Francisco :
16th and Folsom Sts.
MACHINE
ever manufactured (we
make it) could not run it¬
self. It has neither brains
nor perpetual motion to
be automatic, .vet it is a
very valuable invention of
today. Nevertheless, there
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lose sight of its time-saving
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in looking- at its first cost.
1 1 is a most expensive mis¬
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DITCHING
What the railroads have done for transportation, the telephone and tele¬
graph for communication , the reaper and thresher for harvesting the crops —
the BUCKEYE TRACTION DITCHER is now doing for that most important of
all work — the growing of the crops. The BUCKEYE in its field is as much a
time-saver as any of these, and without question unequalled as a money¬
making machine.
The BUCKEYE cuts ditches so clean, with a perfect grade, that farmers
prefer “BUCKEYE” ditches over any other kind and pay 10 9e more for them.
They know that it doesn’t pay to put in tile unless the grade is right —
choked-up drains cut with our DITCHER are unheard of. It enables you to
ventilate the roots and give the soil the moisture that it needs — neither too
much nor too little.
ANY MAN
whethei a landowner, a thresherman. a day-laborer or office clerk, will
find the BUCKEYE a PROFITABLE INVESTMENT. Let us prove it to you NOW,
before your neig-hhor thinks about it. A postal will bring our new Catalog
No. 3 promptly.
BUCKEYE TRACTION DITCHER CO.
FINDLAY, OHIO
J-
“Pittsburgh Perfect”
Wire Fencing is best all through.
^ The wire is drawn from a special quality of open
THE BEST hearth material — tough, pliable, strong, long lived
WIRE like old-time iron wire. It is the finest fencing
wire possible to manufacture.
Galvanizing ^eav^y galvanized by our own new and perfect
Perfect process, the wire is positively moisture-proof.
The fact that
All Stay Wires and Line Wires are Electrically Welded
not only eliminates the weakening and
moisture - gathering wraps, clamps
and ties, but practically transforms
the fence into one piece of perfor¬
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No Waste Wire There is no waste wire to make useless weight;
instead, heavier wire is used and all the weight
NoWasteWeight is fence. Stay wires being of the same size as
line wires, the
“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence is the Strongest in the World
EVERY ROD GUARANTEED PERFECT
Catalogue showing 73 different styles and sizes, adapted to every purpose — FIELD,
FARM, RANCH, LAWN, POULTRY — Sent free on request. Sold by dealers everywhere
PITTSBURGH STEEL CO.
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Makers of
“Pittsburgh PERFECT” brands of Barbed Wire, bright, annealed
and galvanized Wire, Fence Staples, standard Wire Nails and
"Pittsburgh PERFECT" Fencing.
A JERSEYMAN AND HIS GARDEN.
The first thing I did toward my 1910
garden was to draw the plan, a prac¬
tical duplicate of which accompanies this
article. Then I made out a list of the
required seeds and ordered them from
three different seedsmen. The seeds
cost $2.65. On February 14 I planted
the seed of June Pink and Burpee’s
Dwarf Giant tomatoes in shallow seed
boxes in the house. In the Fall of 1909
I arranged a cold frame, making the
frame of rough pine boards, which I
staked and nailed together, putting some
manure on top and spading same into
the ground, fining and raking the sur¬
face into shape. I set some lettuce
plants in the Fall, also planted a few
radish seed. During the Winter I
covered the sash with old matting and
oilcloth at night. On the occasion of
one heavy snow it remained covered for
several days before the snow was
shoveled off, and some sunlight given.
About one-half of the lettuce died for
various reasons, and the radishes did
not amount to much ; what few I ate
are not counted in the returns from the
garden. On February 22 I planted
some lettuce and celery seed in this
frame. The waste vegetable matter of
all kinds from the garden, such as all
vines, vegetable tops, lawn and hedge
clippings, etc., I composted with a load
of manure, and two bushels of air-
slaked lime in the Fall, turning it twice
during the Winter. This compost was
spread over part of the ground, and I
bought another cartload of manure to
broadcast the remainder of it.
On March 25 I had it plowed with a
two-horse plow and well harrowed. As
I was not at home when the plowman
came, he about plowed up two rows of
Fall-planted spinach next to the straw¬
berries, by a mistake in understanding
my orders. I planted beets in one of
these rows a little later for this reason.
My time on the 25th was used to finish
the job of plowing by spading up the
corners that he could not get at, and
by smoothing the entire plowed surface
with a hand rake. Then with my plans
as a guide, using a 16-foot rod and a
carpenter’s two-foot rule to measure, I
drove a stake at each end of each row.
Now I was in shape to string my gar¬
den line on the proper stakes to locate
any row I wanted. These stakes I
allowed to remain during the season, or
at least until all use of them was made.
On March 26 I put out onion sets,
planting parsnip seeds between the sets
in the same row. On March 28 planted
five rows of beets and one row of peas;
29th, planted two rows Bovee potatoes ;
30th, I made up two rows for tomato
plants, then raked the top off the ridge
row and planted radish seed in them.
These early plantings of radishes are
troubled with the radish maggot, and I
fail to get more than half a crop. I
have heard that salt is a preventive, but
have not tried it yet. On March 31 I
removed tomato plants from seed box in
house to cold frame. On April 2 I
planted beets after spinach previously
referred to, and a row to be followed
later by corn ; also planted first row of
corn, one-half row Peep o’ Day, and
one-half row of Howling Mob varieties,
and set lettuce plants from frame be¬
tween the corn hills. On April 6 planted
pepper seed in cold frames and one-half
row each of Green Pod and wax bean,
dwarf varieties, and set one row of let¬
tuce plants where the second planting of
corn would take place. I continued to
plant at about the time marked on the
plan ; peas about 12 days apart for a suc¬
cession, and corn about 15 days apart.
I was disappointed in getting cabbage
plants, and somewhat later got some
from a farmer. The more tender vege¬
tables I planted later as the season be¬
came warmer and settled.
On April 28 I sold five cents’ worth
of lettuce plants from cold frame. This
was my first sale of the season, and
with the additional sale of one and one-
half dozen tomato plants was all that
was sold from the cold frame or counted
in my returns for the season. My late
tomato plants were grown in this space
and used in the rows. The cultivation
was done with a Planet Jr. wheel hoe,
going through the garden about once a
week as a rule with kind of tool de¬
pendent upon size and variety of plants.
In addition I tried to stir soil after each
rain as soon as dry enough to do so,
this to break up evaporation. Early
tomatoes were a general very light crop
in this section, and mine were no ex¬
ception to the rule. I picked my first
$5.50; 20 pounds nitrate of soda. SO cents;
bone dust. $1; salt for celery, 20 cents;
plowing, $1; six eggplants, 25 cents;
total expenses, $11.40. Returns from
garden, $134.21; net returns to pay for
work, $122.81 ; the satisfaction of fresh
vegetables to us from April 7 till the
present time, or about 11 months, as I
yet have celery and parsnips to use; I
also have the satisfaction of beating my
own record, per table :
Year
Yield
Yield
per acre
1905 .
. $33.00
$412.50
1 906 .
. 82.53
1 ,031 .63
1907 .
. 79.74
996.75
1908 .
. 104.20
1,302.50
1909 .
. 113.25
1,415.63
1910 .
1 ,677.63
The garden is 45 feet by 77 feet, or
about .08 of an acre. I am hoping and
planning for yet better things, but I think
Hedge Line.
2 ft.
A few scullions left from preceding year.
Strawberries
1 ft.
Spinach from Autumn planting.
1 ft.
Strawberries.
1 ft.
Spinach from Autumn planting.
1 ft.
Strawberries.
1 ft.
Strawberries.
1 ft.
Spinach, Autumn.
1 ft.
7 ft.
Beets, Spinach. Autumn: late tomatoes between beets.
154 ft.
Potatoes.
1ft.
£ COLD J
FRAME L
Late tomatoes to follow.
lift.
Potatoes.
154 ft.
Tomatoes. Radishes on March 30.
154 ft.
7 ft.
Tomatoes. Radishes on March 30.
154 ft.
Onion sets with parsnips between on March 2(5.
1 ft.
Beets. March 2(5.
1 ft.
Beets. March 2(5.
1 ft.
Beets, March 2(5.
1 ft.
Beets, March 2(5.
1 ft.
Beets, Man
it 26.
154 ft.
Pole Lima beans.
154 ft.
Corn on July 1, Spinach on April 2. Corn on July 15.
134 ft.
Green beans.
Celery to follow. Wax beans.
134 ft,
Corn on June 1. Corn on June 15.
134 ft.
Peas.
Celery to follow.
134 ft.
Corn on May 1.
Corn on M ay 15.
124 ft.
Peas.
Celery to follow.
mn.
Corn, early.
i% ft.
Peas.
Celery to follow.
124 ft.
Corn, earliest
2 ft.
Peas.
Celery to follow.
2 ft,
C C C C C
SSSSSEEEEEEE
2 ft.
Rhubarb.
Turnips, 24 Cabbage Plants.
box of strawberries on May 22, fully
two weeks earlier than usual with me.
My potatoes were the best crop I have
ever had, one-fourth peck of seed yield¬
ing more than two bushels. Turnips
planted early were a failure, in fact all
of the row next to the hedge, such as
squash, cucumber, eggplant and cabbage
were a partial failure. Late in the sea¬
son I put two rows of tomato plants in
the beet rows. As soon as they got
some size I could not cultivate, and the
beets ceased to grow.
My yield for the season was as fol¬
lows, sales at actual prices received
and stuff consumed by my family at
price prevailing at the time in our town:
Sales, celery, $22.61 ; peppers, 50 cents ;
Lima beans, $6.61 ; tomatoes, $10.05 ;
corn, $2.18; cabbage, 32 cents; wax
beans, $1.59; green beans, $2.11; peas,
$5.15; beets, $18.20; onions, $1.41; let¬
tuce, $4.54 ; strawberries, $3.50 ; scallions,
32 cents ; spinach, $1.52 ; tomato plants,
30 cents ; radishes, $13.96 ; lettuce plants,
five cents; parsnips, $1.10; total sales,
$96.02. I used, eggplants, 24 cents ;
squash, 28 cents ; Lima beans, $1.42 ;
cucumbers, 10 cents ; onions, 10 cents ;.
cabbage, five cents; pumpkin, 13 cents-;
tomatoes, $6.64 ; corn, $4.60 ; green
beans, 10 cents ; wax beans, 17 cents ;
potatoes, $2.18; peas, $1.27; beets, 54
cents ; strawberries, $S.10 ; radishes,
$1.02; rhubarb, 60 cents; lettuce, $2.90;
spinach, $2.25; cabbage, five cents; pep¬
pers, 15 cents ; parsnips, $1.35 ; celery,
$4.20 ; total, $38.19. My returns by
months were :
April . . . : .
May .
June . 7.79
July . '. .
August . 4.23
September . 4.30
October . 2.54
November . 2.95
December . 1.50
Since first new year . 3.79
$38.19 $96.0"
In September I invested $3 in boar Is
for bleaching celery. This brings my m-
vestment in tools, etc., up to about $25.
My expenses chargeable to 1910 were as
follows : Seeds, $2.65 ; five loads manure,
that I can pause a moment to sum up
w'ith a hopeful spirit. I took a piece of
old sod, from about one-half of which
the top soil had been removed. I have
practically made a new top soil on that
half. Starting six years ago with an
acre yield of $412.50, with the exception
of 1907, when a backward Spring made
everything fully one month later, I have
increased my yield each year until the
record is an acre yield of $1,677.63 in
1910. This would seem to me to denote
that I had increased the fertility of my
soil with my yield. This has been done
without hotbeds and in a way that is ap¬
plicable to one or five acres if I had that
much land. stanton kirkbride.
Camden Co., N. J.
Just Try It Once
That’s all we ask you to do
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Tile-Like is sold in sealed cans, ready
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It comes in eight colors besides flat
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Spraying
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pi pC— HEW CROP-PRODUCER to CONSUMER-100 lbs
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Used.
Sold.
$0.05
5.31
4.72
7.79
19.05
4.48
13.40
4.23
6.46
4.30
8.15
2.54
23.17
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18.07
1.50
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3.79
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Spray Just After the Blossom Falls —
with Swift’s Arsenate of Lead
^HE arsenate of lead goes
into the cup-shaped calyx
where the worm of the cod¬
ling-moth feeds before it attacks the apple. Spray this Summer
with Swift’s, and next Fall wormy apples will be scarce.
Swift’s is fatal to leaf-eating worms and insects, mixes with water
readily, remains long in suspen¬
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Outlasts two to four applica¬
tions of old-style sprays, because
of the way it sticks to the foliage.
Write for our new book
on Apple Culture
This book is backed by results. It’s
practice, not theory. Special chapter on
fighting insect pests. This valuable book
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MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO.
31 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
1911.
THIS RURAL NEW-YORKER
307-
NUT GROWING IN THE NORTH,
Part II.
■The Walnuts. — The name walnut
has a different meaning in different sec¬
tions. It is properly applied to the va¬
rious species of the genus Juglans
which includes the four native species,
the common black, J. nigra; the butter¬
nut, J. cinerea; the Texas walnut, J.
rupestris; the California walnut, J.
Californica; and the Persian or English
walnut, J. regia; also the Japanese and
Manchurian walnuts. In the northeast¬
ern United States the hickorynuts are
called “walnuts,” which is really a mis¬
use of that name, as it is commonly
applied, the country over. Of all the
walnuts the European or Persian species,
J. regia, is by far the best. It has been
cultivated for years in Europe and is
native about the Caspian Sea. The
Romans brought it from there to the
Mediterranean region and from there
they took it to England when they tried
to conquer and colonize that country.
The early settlers in America brought it
from across the sea, and trees are now
standing in many places that were
grown from nuts planted more than a
century ago. The most of these old
trees are standing singly, where there
are no other walnut trees of any kind to
cross-pollinate them, and that is often
very necessary. The flowers of the wal¬
nuts are sexually separated and some¬
times they do not bloom at the same
time and the trees are not productive.
Trees of all kinds naturally grow in
groves and pollinate each other. In
California this foreign walnut has been
a great success and there are thousands
of orchards of it planted there. '1 he
same will soon be true of Oregon and
Washington, but in a more limited way.
In the Central States the climatic
changes are so severe and sudden that
the trees of this species will not suc¬
ceed. But east of the Appalachian
Mountains and to some extent west of
them the Persian walnut is gradually
gaining in favor. There are chance seed¬
ling trees, for the most part, found here
and there that have proved to be hardy
enough and that bear abundantly. Of
these varieties some of the best have
been named, brought to public notice,
and the trees are being propagated and
sold, but chiefly- as seedlings. Very few
trees have, as yet, been grown from
grafts, but there are active efforts in
this direction, and before long the best
of the hardy eastern varieties of the
Persian walnut will be obtainable. The
stock that is being grown for working
them on is the wild Black walnut, prin¬
cipally. I believe the butternut will be
as good or better as a stock. So far
the varieties of the hardy type have been
found in Maryland, Pennsylvania and
New York. Rush, Cumberland and
Pomeroy are some of them. There is
little doubt that there will be successful
walnut orchards growing in all these
States and in all those bordering the
Atlantic. How far into the interior this
nut tree may be grown is a question
that will take time and experience to
settle.
There are a few varieties of our na¬
tive Black walnut that are worthy of
being grown for their nuts, but no one
has yet propagated them by grafting
and has the tree for sale, so far as I
know. The same is true of the butter¬
nut or “White” walnut. The Japanese
and Manchurian walnut trees are rea¬
sonably hardy in tree, and the growth
is rapid and the leaves large and healthy.
The nuts are not large and the shells
are too thick and hard to crack to make
them of any special value, although the
flavor of the kernels is excellent. So
far their value is for shade and orna¬
mental purposes.
The Chestnuts. — Of our native nut
trees the chestnut is one of the best. It
is not naturally distributed so widely
as the hickories and walnuts, nor is it
adapted to so great a range of climate
and soil. But a temperature consider¬
ably below zero is safely endured, and
the tree grows to very large size and
bears nuts of excellent quality in abund¬
ance. The main objections to the profit¬
able culture of this tree are the small
size of the nuts, the abundance of the
wild crop, and worst of all the wholesale
infestation of the nuts by worms. There
are two beetles that lay eggs in the
nuts while they are yet in the burrs and
there has not been found any way to
prevent it nor a very practical method
of destroying the eggs or larvae in the
nuts.
While the flavor of the native chest¬
nut is superior to any of the foreign
kinds, their larger size gives ^ them an
advantage in the markets. The Euro¬
pean species is the most popular be¬
cause of the combined size and quality
of the nuts. The trees are not so hardy
as the native species, but they are thrifty
and productive. Some of the varieties
bear too early and too heavily and in¬
jure the trees while they are young. The
Paragon is of this character. It is neces¬
sary to clip off the most of the burrs
for the first few years to save the trees.
Rochester is another very superior va¬
riety. The Japanese chestnuts are even
more precocious in their bearing and
the nuts are often larger than those of
any other species, but their flavor is the
poorest of all. It is really not worth
while to grow the Japanese chestnuts.
But the worst of all the chestnut •
troubles is a fatal disease that is spread¬
ing over the Eastern States. It is a
fungus disease that affects the bodies of
the trees, causing them to sicken and
eventually die. There seems to be no
way to overcome or even check it and
the fate of the chestnut forests seems
certain. The most encouraging outlook
for the culture of chestnuts is in sec¬
tions where there are no wild trees
growing to furnish breeding ground for
this disease and no place for the chest¬
nut weevils to- live. Until these two
troubles might come there would be
little to prevent profitable chestnut cul¬
ture.
The Hazels. — There are three native
species of the hazel in North America.
One is on the Pacific coast, but the nuts
are small, hardy shelled, sparsely borne
and of no particular value. The other
two species grow naturally from Minne¬
sota southward to Ohio, Indiana and
Missouri, and they may be grown al¬
most anywhere that the soil is rich and
the climate not very warm. The nuts
sprout readily and the bushes grow
with almost no attention. There are
many varieties, but the differences are
not very great. However, it would be
well to select such nut's as are superior
or the young bushes that bear them
and plant them where they would have
good opportunity to grow, for they will
yield abundantly. The European hazels,
which are commonly called filberts, are
quite large in bush, sometimes almost
like little trees, and the nuts are twice
the size of our native hazelnuts. Large
quantities of them are imported from
Europe every year. There is a disease
that affects the wood and prevents the
culture of the filbert in our Eastern
States, but on the Pacific coast there is
no such trouble, so far as I know, and
I have seen many strong and heavily
laden bushes there. Filbert culture is
extending in Oregon and Washington,
and it would pay well in British Co¬
lumbia. h. e. van deman.
Try the DELI N
Mth Vo i/r Money /nYovrPoc/tef
Try it for 30 days on your own roads; then,
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us. Buggies— all styles-and harness at lowest
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1 7 3*. Central Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio
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Box 102 R
ORENLOCH,
N. J.
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1337 E 55th STREET CLEVELAND, OHIO
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The fitting-quality of Clothcraft Clothes is
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Free
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THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL.
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THE JOSEPH & FEISS CO.
Founded 1850 — Oldest American
Manufacturer* of Men’s Clothe*
635 St. Clair Ave., N. W. Cleveland
_ LAWN FENCE
Many Styles. Sold on trial at
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KITSELMAN BROS.
box 440 Muncie, Indian.
On a Gasoline Engine
GET my new 1911 Engine Book — and
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Bargain Prices:
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Poultry and Rabbit Proof
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The Brown Pence &>Vire€o,
Dept. 59 Cleveland, Ohio
TVWtlll A
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THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dept. JI Cleveland, O.
25c
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Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
$11 9 so
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Waterloo, Iowa
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FENCE i
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Box 2 63 Winchester, Indian
EMPIRE FENCE
Get the genuine EMP1KK big
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Save dealer’s profits.
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Wires Inches high Medium Weight Extra heavy (all No.9)
9 39 23c per rod S7e per rod
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Special rates beyond this territory.
BOND STEEL POST CO., 23 E. Maunee St.. Adrian, Mich,
868
THE KUKAb NEW-YOKKEH
March 18,
Red Clover Questions.
I. D.3 New York. — Can Red clover be
sown in Spring and crop cut following Fall?
How much seed to acre? Is this best clover
for milch cows? What seed is best to mix
with Red clover to make bay, how much
seed per acre and what proportion? Can
clover be sown in Spring with oats, and
crop secured after oats are cut?
Ans. — You could only expect a light
crop of clover six months after sowing.
In most cases it would barely pay to
cut it We like Alsike clover better
for cow feed. Better mix the two kinds.
did not make good heads because pot¬
ash and phosphoric acid were lacking.
Stable manure added to this muck will
not give best results because it also
supplies nitrogen chiefly and this is what
the muck does not need. Potash is the
element most lacking. We should work
in at least one ton of burned lime per
acre, and then use a mixture of three
parts fine ground bone to one of muriate
of potash. Such treatment will make
this soil respond.
For an acre sow 12 quarts Timothy and
six of Red-top in addition to clover. A
small crop of clover may be cut in the
Fall, but it will not amount to much.
Oats in Maryland.
W. C. V., Federalehurg, Md. — Is it a fact
that no oats are raised in this section (Car¬
oline County) on account of “lice,” as my
neighbor says (root aphis, I take it)? I
wanted to sow Red Rust Proof oats first
part of March.
Ans. — There was some trouble years
ago from the green aphis on wheat and
oats, but I have heard nothing of them
recently. We grew Winter oats finely
here last year and have them growing
now. You should always sow oats in
this part of the country in September.
Spring-sown oats seldom amount to
anything, while with good farming it is
easy to grow 50 or more bushels an acre
of the Winter oats that will weigh above
the standard weight. Those we grew
last year weighed nearly 40 pounds to
the measured bushel. Spring oats sel¬
dom get up to standard weight here, as
they are too long exposed to the hot
weather, while those sown in the Fall
ripen nearly with the wheat. You are
right in sowing the Winter oats in
Spring as they always do better than
the northern Spring oats. But in your
soil you can make a far more profitable
crop from Fall-sown oats than from
wheat, for the soils in the lower part
of this peninsula are not adapted to
wheat like those of the upper counties,
where wheat is the leading crop. The
important point is to sow clean seed
clear of chess, though chess is seldom
troublesome in the Spring-sown oats, as
it will not mature seed from Spring
sowing, though it may infest the land
efter the oats are cut. Then seed of
the Rust Proof oats, if from Texas, is
very apt to bring in seed of the Johnson
grass, and that grass, while a really
valuable hay grass, is so aggressive that
it will take the whole farm in spite of
you. We sow here the Virginia Grey
Turf oats. w. f. massey.
Maryland.
Handling Muck Soil.
N. W., Dowagiac, Mich. — I am an ama¬
teur In the farming and gardening busi¬
ness, and I have been reading some of
your articles on the use of lime, and would
Destroying Rose-bugs.
Can you tell me what to do for rose
beetles? The first I ever saw appeared
last Summer when they attacked a rose
bush which I sprayed with Paris green.
They left and literally swarmed on some
plum trees and cherry trees. Will they
return again this year, and if so, what
can I do to destroy them? What are their
habits? Do they leave larva? which will
develop? If so, when and what is the
best method of destroying them? e. w.
Lanoka, N. J.
The rose-bugs, or rose-chafers, have the
interesting habit of appearing suddenly in
great swarms and attacking all sorts of
plants on the lawn, in the garden, orchard,
and even forest. After remaining from a
month to six weeks and doing much in¬
jury they disappear as suddenly as they
come. When these insects were first no¬
ticed as injurious they seemed to confine
themselves mainly to the rose, hence their
name, rose-chafers. The mother beetles lay
their eggs, probably in July, in the soil a
few inches below the surface, where they
hatch and the grubs feed upon the roots
of grasses or of other plants they may be
able to find. In the Autumn, the grubs
descend into the earth below the frost line,
but when Spring returns each one ascends
toward the surface, makes a snug earthen
cell, changes to a pupa, and in early June
transforms to the adult beetle. It seems
that great numbers of the pupae transform
to beetles about the same time so that the
adults issue from the earth in swarms.
These insects prefer sandy soils as breed¬
ing grounds and are seldom found in clay
lands.
The beetles can best be controlled on
shrubs or on a few vines by hand-picking
them and destroying them. Often they may
be jarred on to sheets saturated with kero¬
sene, but these methods of fighting them
are tedious and have to be repeated every
day so long as the beetles are present. A
choice vine or shrub may even be protected
by screening it with netting. If the breed¬
ing place can be located much good may
be done by plowing the land and destroy¬
ing the food plants, thus starving the
grubs. Moreover, by plowing the land in
May many of the grubs and pupae may be
destroyed. Heretofore, very little success
has been obtained by trying to poison the
beetles with our ordinary poison-mixtures.
They did not seem to get enough of the
poison to kill them. Lately, however, one
or two experimenters have reported con¬
siderable success in killing the beetles by
spraying the food plants thoroughly with
four or five pounds of arsenate of lead to
50 gallons of water with a gallon of mo¬
lasses added to make the poison-mixture
attractive. The beetles seem to eat this
sweetened poison-mixture with a good deal
of avidity and many of them are killed.
In controlling the rose-chafers on fruit
trees or in vineyards the sweetened poison-
mixture will probably prove to be the best
method. glenn w. heehick.
BARREL SPRAYER
like a little more information if possible.
I have considerable muck land. I have
cleaned off and grubbed out the stumps
from about one acre during the Summer
and Fall of 1000, ditched it in the Spring
of 1910, and put same into cabbage. They
did not do well, grew well enough but did
not head up. I attributed it to the land
being sour, as water usually stood in places
all Summer, but did not after I put in the
"blind ditches.” I tended the cabbage well
and have put on a liberal coat of barnyard
manure, and intend plowing deep, put to
onions ; am plowing deep so as not to get ill
results from the manure on the onions this
year, but hope to get good results next.
Would you recommend the use of lime or
commercial fertilizer of some kind, and
what? The muck on this piece is what
they call black ash muck, and is all the
way from eight inches (up near the hard
land) to three feet, with a subsoil of a blue
color rather sticky when wet, but extremely
hard when dry.
Ans. — The thing to remember about
most muck soils is that thed are rich in
nitrogen, weak in phosphoric acid, and
with only a trace of potash. The muck
is usually sour, so that the nitrogen is
not readily available. Lime usually
helps such soils by sweetening them and
making the nitrogen fit to feed plants.
The cabbage made a good growth be¬
cause it found nitrogen in the soil. It
READY TO USE
Can be drawn on sled or wagon, by one horse,
through orchard or garden.
Pump is entirely outside of barrel and solutions,
and is similar to the one on our Combination Field
OrchardSprayer-100 to 125 pounds pres¬
sure-one or two leads of hose-conven¬
ient check valves — no leather packing.
50 gallon, horizontal barrel— no dan¬
ger of upsetting whether empty or
filled — nothing inside but the dasher.
Ask us quick for
information on this
latest addition to the
UNNAQE
line of Farm and
Garden Implements.
BATEMAN
M'F’G CO.
Box 1 02-S
Crenloch,
New Jersey
A SUBSTITUTE
For Bordeaux Mixture
10-gal. keg making 2.000 to 5,000 gals, spray, delivered
any K K. station in the United States for $12.50.
Prompt shipments. Every grower ot fruits and vege¬
tables ahould have oar Eeport of wonderful results 1910.
B. G. PRATT
S3 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY
You want proof, and the Reo has plenty of it.
The most important thing is get -there- and -
back ability. This is absolutely proved by the
Reo record from
New York to San Francisco
10 days 15 hours 13 minutes
It is also complete proof of ample power, speed, strength,
comfort, and all the other qualities that belong to a high-grade
motor-car.
The car that ploughed through the deep mud of Nebraska
in wet weather, kept going at a steady pace through the wash¬
outs and chuck-holes of the Great American Desert, climbed the
rough grades of the Desert, the Rockies, and the Sierra Nevada
Mountains — the car that has done all this at record
speed, with not. a wrench touched to the engine, will
do all that you will ever ask of it.
You know what you can do with a Reo— this record
proves it. We have plenty more proof if you want it.
The most economical car to buy and own.
Send for catalogue and “ Reo and the Farmer ” Plain facts.
R M Owen & Co Lansing Mich Ge"*™'t ? §'es Reo Motor Car Co
You can
do it
with a
Ih® WITTEN
Automatic Dump Cart
What You Have Been
Looking For
A necessity for Farm-
Fruit Growers,
Livery
Stables,
Cemeteries, Golf
Clubs, Dairies,
Stockmen. Con¬
tractors and all man¬
ufacturing plants.
Send today for free
illustrated booklet telling all about this
labor-saving cart.
Baker Mfg.Co., 507Hunter Bldg., Chicago, Hi.
Stump Puller
Warranted the most practical machine made. One man can lift
20 ton 8. 3 styles. 10 sizes. $25 and up. Screw. Cable or Hand
Power. We make cheapest TILE DITCHER and the best
PAnm ever sold. One horse cuts 2 row*.
UUIII nctlfcdlul One man. No twine. On trial.
Agents wanted. Our new-64 page Catalog FREE. Write today.
R. L. BENNETT A COMPANY, WESTERVILLE, OHIO.
Make Boy’s Work
of Plowing
Any boy who can drive can plow with
WINNER PLOW TRUCKS
because they hold the plow. No need to use your
hands at all, not even in turning. They take
all the slavisbness out ot
plowing. No more jerking
or lame backs. Easier on
horses, too. Draft is actually
less because all weight is car¬
ried on wheels Instead of drag¬
ging on plow bottoms. Make
straight furrows, lay
them nicer, regulate
depth and width. Fit
any plow beam, steel or
wood. 1 J Days Free
Trial. Money cheerfully
refunded if not satisfactory. F' ee cata¬
log gives all information. Write forlt.
L. R. LEWIS, Box F, Cortland, N. Y.
lipiiii a ” *i Us Prairie Dogs,
™ m m Woodchucks. Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
"The wheels ot the gods
grind slow but exceed¬
ingly small.” So the weevil, but you can stop their
Lwith “Puma Carbon Bisulphide ” are doing.
EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.
FUMA
PAYS FOR ITSELF EVERY THIRTY DAYS
1
fCUTS1
pTHE50IL
8> TWICER
I
Without a doubt Clark’s Double Action “Cutaway” Harrow with Jointed Polo
is a most wonderful farm tool. It cuts the soil twice, throwing it in opposite
directions, filling In the hollows, thus leveling the land Ail Single Action
Harrows have to be Driven in Half Lap.
It Is drawn by two medium horses. It can be set
to move the earth but little, or at so great an
angle as to move the earth eight or nine inches.
Runs true in line of draft. A customer
wrote recently that his “Cutaway”
pays for Itself every thirty days in
‘labor saved.
The Jointed Pole takes all weight off the horses’ necks,
and keeps thei:-" heels away from the disks.
We make a “Cutaway” for every crop. Every need is
fully supplied by the different styles of genuine “Cut¬
away” Tools. If your dealer won’t supply you, we will.
Write us. “Intensive Cultivation,” our new booklet,
is free. Send a postal to-day.
CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 839 Main Street;
V,
10<R£ CROPS
HIGGANUM, CONN.
the man behind the Plow wants a Good Fertilizer.
For the Land’s sake give him the real Farm
Chemical, such as :
Nitrate of SodLa
Muriate of Potash.
Sulphate of Potash
Kainit
Our 40 years of experience, prompt service, best facilities, are back of
every bag of these Genuine Materials. We advise to buy now, prompt
service. Write us for Prices TO-DAY. Any amount from 20olb bag up.
FARMERS UNITED CHEMICAL CO.
Box 317 Reading, Pa.
1911
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
359
From the New England Homestead for the Week Ending February 20, 1910.
America’s Greatest Corn Yield
Keen Interest in Corn Growing in New England— What Other Pa^rts of the Country Have Accomplished-
Some Magnificent Records of Corn Yield on Old Soils-— A Massachusetts Inquirer Answered—
Interesting Features Outlined— Heavy Manuring for Best Results
Recently I saw an article in The New England Homestead where
the editor attended the corn husking at the Brewer farm, and where
he states that the yield was 127 bushels shelled corn to the acre. Now,
I would like to know how anyone knows that the yield was as
indicated. I would go a long distance to see 100 bushels shelled corn,
honest measure, grown on an acre of land in New England. One
cannot tell the yield until the following March, when the corn is
cured out, unless it be kiln -dried. I am something of a sceptic, and
believe, with the late R. N. Oak man, there was never 100 bushels
shelled corn, honest measure, produced on an acre of New England
soil.— H. C. Haskell, Franklin County, Mass.
It is not surprising that Mr. Haskell questions the report on yields
of corn. As a matter of fact, the average for the United States is
only about 26 bushels to the acre, and farmers in general consider a
crop of 100 bushels ear corn to the acre a mighty good one. In this
connection, however, let it be recalled that track in 1889 was produced
the prize acre of corn ever grown in America. This prize acre gave
255 bushels shelled corn as it came from the field. But this was the
green weight, product being lield dried. Therefore, Dr. W. B. Barney,
For further description of this corn crop grown by Z. J. Drake
see AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST , December 3 , 1910
American Agriculturist Corn Contest
Described in “The Book of Corn,” Pages 353-359. Orange Judd & Company. Under direction of Herbert Myrick.
First Crop, Z. J. Drake, Marlborough County, South Carolina.
BUSHELS (GREEK WEIGHT). BUSHELS (CRIB CURED). TOTAL EXPENSE. NET EXPENSE, PER BUSHEL
Yield, one acre 255- 239 $264 44 cents
Fertilizer and manure used on one acre : 1,000 bushels of stable manure, 4,800 lbs. Manipulated Guano, 1,800 lbs. Cotton Seed Meal,
400 lbs. Bone and Acid Phosphate Top Dressing in May ; 400 lbs. Nitrate of Soda. Total, 7,400 lbs. fertilizer .in addition to the
stable manure. Variety corn, Southern White Dent.
under the direction of J. B. McBryde, director of the South Carolina
station, analyzed a fair sample of the corn and found it conained only
15% water. Therefore, the 255 bushels of shelled corn actually con¬
tained 217 bushels dry matter in the kernels without any water
whatsoever. On the customary basis of 10% water for thoroughly
crib-cured old corn, or kiln-dried corn the yield was 229 bushels
shelled corn from a single acre.
Remember this crop was raised by Z. J. Drake, of Marlboro County,
S. C., in 1889. He received $500 in gold from American Agriculturist,
the Journal which originated and conducted the contest, and a
similar sum was given him by the South Carolina Department of Agri¬
culture.
The second largest crop grown in that remarkable contest was by
Alfred Rose, of Yates County, N. Y. His yield was 15,898 pounds
corn on the ear, averaging 26% cob, or 213 bushels shelled corn, green
weight, or 191 bushels crib cured, and 174 bushels actual dry matter.
This contest attracted world-wide attention ; and has since been quoted
freely by leading authorities of America. There were several contes¬
tants who harvested more than 100 bushels shelled corn to the acre.
Second Crop, Alfred Rose, Yates County, New York.
BUSHELS (GREEN WEIGHT). BUSHELS (CRIB CURED). TOTAL EXPENSE. NET EXPENSE, PER BUSHEL
Yield, one acre 213 191 $62 16 cents
Fertilizers used on one acre: 800 lbs. Mapes Corn Manure alone. No Stable manure. Soil, sandy loam. Variety corn, Early
Mastodon. — From The American Agriculturist.
The Great Corn Contest of the American Agriculturist. 45 Crops in all.
Crops 213, 1 19 and 95 bushels each; Grown on one measured acre exclusively with the MAPES CORN MANURE
Of this great crop, 213 bushels shelled corn, grown in Yates County, N. Y., with the Mapes Corn Manure (800
pounds per acre) exclusively, the American Agriculturist says: “If we allow only $15 as the value of the tops for fodder,
and make no account of the bottom stalks, the cost comes within twenty cents a bushel (shelled corn).”
The LARGEST corn crop grown with fertilizers OTHER THAN the Mapes (45 crops in all) was 84 BUSHELS
(chemically dried, 60 bushels.)
Some large crops grown with the Mapes Corn Manure, and reported in the Agricultural Press.
1,040 bushels of corn (ears) on less than 4 y2 acres, equal to 233 >2 bushels, or 116)4 -bushels shelled corn, per acre, grown ou farm of
Rural New-Yorker , with the Mapes Corn Manure.
Ninety bushels (shelled) with 500 pounds per acre. 150 bushels (shelled) with 600 pounds per acre. Value of the grain alone over hve
times as . much. as the cost of the fertilizer — American Agriculturist .
Eight hundred and fifty six bushels (ears) on four acres. 159.37 bushels on one acre. 125.37 bushels on one acre. Nothing used but
the Mapes — Rural Neic Yorker. . .
On two acres, 600 pounds of Mapes alone, broadcast, 198 bushels shelled corn. On three acres, same fertilizer, same quantity 489
bushels (ears). Grown by Dr. Henry Stewart. — New England Homestead .
One hundred and eighty bushels of ears per acre ; shelled, 98.45 bushels. 2,058 bushels (ears) on 16 acres. Only Mapes (8Q0 pounds
per acre) used. — Connecticut Farmer.
Corn & Renovating Crop. — From the American Agriculturist.
The Mapes Corn Manure alone was used on the large crops recently described in the American Agriculturist, but
such yields are possible only by an exceptional combination of season, sunshine, moisture, soil, texture and fertilization,
and by the use of seed that will produce two or more ears per stalk. Corn is a comparatively sure crop, and Prof. Mapes
says that, with judicious fertilization, it can be made a renovating crop and not an exhausting crop as is generally supposed,
bringing up the land to good condition for grass or general crops, besides making money from the start, and having field
left clean and free of weeds.
Descriptive pamphlet for 1911 — “The Mapes Manures and How to Use Them” —
mailed free. Also pamphlets on Tobacco, Market Truck, Fruit Trees and
Small Fruits, including Oranges, Pineapples, etc., in Florida, West Indies, etc.
The MAPES FORMULA & PERUVIAN GUANO CO.
143 Liberty Street, New York
360
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER
FRUITS FOR WISCONSIN.
E. 8. K., Illinois. What varieties of
apples, pears, cherries, grapes, plums,
peaches, also of the cane fruits, for central
Wisconsin, and will any of the black or
sweet cherries do well there? Are there
any varieties of English walnuts or chest¬
nuts that you could recommend as hardy
enough for that region ? The thermometer
registers 25 to 35 degrees below zero in
coldest weather.
Ans. — Only the hardiest of fruits can
endure the climatic conditions of central
Wisconsin. There are some apples that
are usually able to endure the Winters
safely, and a few kinds of pears, cherries
and plums, but no peaches. Grapes and
the bush fruits can be grown very well
if the tops are laid on the ground and
covered on the approach of cold weather.
Of the nut trees there is no use even
to think of planting Persian (English)
walnuts, and chestnuts are of doubtful
character. Possibly it might pay to try
a few of the nuts of our wild American
species, which is hardy in the New Eng¬
land States. None of the European or
Japanese chestnuts will live there. Of
apples the following may be depended
upon as being among the hardiest of the
many varieties that have been tested:
Wealthy, Oldenburg, Patten Greening,
Okabena, Pewaukee, Liveland Rasp¬
berry and Yellow Transparent. The
Flemish Beauty is the hardiest of the
good pears, so far as I have seen them
growing in Wisconsin. The Richmond
and common Morello cherries have
sometimes safely passed the Winters.
There are a number of plums that are
very hardy, but they are nearly all of
the wild type of Prunus Americana that
is safe, and it will help very materially
in checking the apple scab. It is safe
to use it up until time blossoms begin
to show pink. But all should be finished
by this time, even then some burning
will be done. However this seems to do
no harm, as it disappears rapidly and no
signs of it can be found in a few days.
The concentrated lime-sulphur is not
safe to use on peaches and plums as a
Summer spray of any kind at a less dilu¬
tion than one to 100, and one to 150 is
safer and I believe as efficient in con¬
trolling brown rot.
The self-boiled mixture (which is a
misnomer, as no boiling should take
place to be perfectly safe,) is safer, and
has given better results, in controlling
brown rot. It is made by putting eight
pounds stone lime in a barrel ; put on
water enough to cover the lime; as soon
as the lime begins to slake add eight
pounds sulphur, preferably put through
a sieve (a box of any convenient size
with the bottom knocked out and cov¬
ered with ordinary fly screen makes a
good sieve for this). Keep stirred well,
and add water to keep from burning.
As soon as lime is all slaked and lime
and sulphur has been well stirred to¬
gether add water to make 50 gallons.
Strain out coarse particles of lime, but
work all lumps of sulphur fine and into
the mixture when it is ready to use. If
used for rot alone it should be applied
three to four weeks after the petals fall,
and again about one month before fruit
is expected to ripen. If for curculio too,
then add two pounds arsenate of lead
to 50 gallons of mixture, spray when
shucks are shedding, again about four
weeks after blossoms have fallen, and
again four weeks before fruit should
ripen, omitting arsenate of lead at last
spraying. w. h.
NATURAL BRACE FOR GATE POST.
The. accompanying sketch shows a new
idea in gate-post construction I saw
NATURAL BRACE FOR A GATE POST. Fig. 120.
grow in Minnesota and elsewhere in
the extreme North. Of the choice va¬
rieties Hawkeye, Brittlewood, Stoddard,
Van Deman and DeSoto are some of
the best. Any of the ordinary grapes
will succeed, such as Concord, Dela¬
ware, Niagara, Brighton, Campbell and
Salem. Of the bush fruits the red rasp¬
berries are among the best. Loudon
and Cuthbert are two good ones. Briton
and Snyder are good blackberries.- Red
Cross, Diploma and Perfection are all
very good currants. Houghton and
Downing two of the best gooseberries
for the far north. h. e. van deman.
GENERAL QUESTIONS ABOUT LIME-
SULPHUR.
A. B. Holland, Mich. — I have been fol¬
lowing with great interest your accounts
of the use of lime and sulphur spray for
various purposes. There are two points
about the use of lime-sulphur on which I
desire information. Is the lime and sulphur
equally as good as the Bordeaux when used
as a preventive of the apple scab, before
the blossoms open ? Will the commercial
lime and sulphur, used say one to 40, pre¬
vent the rot on peaches and plums as well
as the self-boiled mixture? I tried it in
a small way for both purposes last season.
Before using -it again I would like to know
what results others have had. I thought
I sprayed at just the right time and I tried
to do a good job. The result was a com¬
plete failure on the Shiawassee Beauty ; a
partial success on the Red Astrachan, with
good results on the Jersey Sweet, Spitzen-
burg, and R. I. Greening. 1 also sprayed
ray Barnard peaches to prevent rot. The
crop of peaches was light, with but little
rot. My plums wTere all killed by the Spring
frosts, so having some solution left I went
to one of my neighbors who had one Lom¬
bard tree heavily loaded. We sprayed it
thoroughly ; result, a fine crop with no rot.
But there may not have been any rot
here this season anyway, our March Sum¬
mer and May Winter causing such a light
crop of fruit as to render results doubtful.
As a remedy for the scale and peach leaf-
curl, the commercial solution gave good re¬
sults, used five gallons solution to 45 of
water, used at the rate of 1-40. There
was no damage to foliage on either apple,
pear, peach, plum or cherry.
Ans. — If you can see your way clear
to make an application of Bordeaux
between yottr first spraying and opening
of blossoms, undoubtedly that is best.
If not, then hold back your first appli¬
cation of lime-sulphur, on such varieties
as are most subject to scab, as late as it
sometime ago. The post is cut with a
large wide limb, and if this limb, as well
as the post, has a fork at the lower
end, it. will be much more substantial.
This seems to be an improvement over
the common diagonal bracing from post
to post, which is difficult to fasten at the
top. JOS. N. PARKER.
Virginia.
, -
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
Standard Among Drilling Machines
The oldest established manufacturers, the largest
line of drilling machines and tools, and 41 years
of successful operation in nearly every country
in the world, make
American Drilling Machines
Standard the world over.
For every possible condition of earth
and rock drilling and mineral pros¬
pecting we make a drill espe¬
cially designed for the re¬
quirement.
Catalog No, 105, the most
complete “drill hole” catalog
ever Issued, Free.
The American Well Works
General Office and Works,
Aurora, III.
Chicago Office: First Na¬
tional Bank Bldg.
Wit ex you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
For All Kinds of
SPRAYING
“no other sprayers can do the
work as effectually, economl-
~~ — cally and rapidly as
, Brown’s Hand & Power
| AUTO-SPRAYS
—40 styles, sizes and prices to
choose from — one to suit vout
needs- Auto-Spray No. 1, fit¬
ted with Auto-Pop Nozzle, has
force enough for tall trees,
seconds’ pumping gives power
for 10 minutes’ spraying. 4-gallon tank easily
carried over shoulder. Sprays stream or fine
Saves solution. Auto-Spray Np.11
6 rows of potatoes at once— any
width. Constant pressure up to
160 lb.. No expense for power. Pit tod with
Non-clog Atomic Noulc — *3ju«t»b]o for
forceful Btrc&m or light mist. Writ#
postal now for our book and
SPRAYING GUIDE FREE
Show* what and when to *pray. Quota*
price* on tho sprayer for you, whether
baud, gasoline or traction power. Writ*
— *al for book now.
mint.
— sprays
The
E. C. Brown
Company
28 Jay St## Rochester. N
On Free Trial ADVANCE^ No
bank deposit. Shipped to you at dealers’
wholesale prices. We pay freight.
THE HURST POTATO AND ORCHARD SPRAYER
This Machine
Sprays Anything
Potatoes, orchards, vineyards, truck, etc.
Cheap in price, light, strong and durable.
High pressure from big wheel. Pushes
easy, as it is well-balanced. Vapor spray;
prevents blight, scab, rot and bugs.
Doubles your crop. Brass ball-valves,
brass plunger, strainer, etc. Guaranteed
for 5 years.
SHIPPED OH FREE TRIAL
Without a-oent-in-advance. Test these
sprayers with your money in your pocket,
and then if you buy, pay us out of the
extra profit. Don’t pay the deal¬
er’s profit, but order direct from
us and get wholesale prices. The
Hurst Horse-Powar Sprayer
(shown below) is for large fruit,
grape and potato growers. “ No
tree too high, no field too big for
this king of sprayers.” Fltz - All
Barrel Sprayer fits any barrel or tank.
Furnished plain, on barrel or on wheels.
High pressure, perfect agitation, .easy to
operate. Brass ball valves, plunger,
automatic strainer, etc. Write to-day
and tell us which
machine you are in¬
terested in — and you’ll
get our Catalog of all¬
kinds- of- sprayers ($3
to$ioo), spraying-
guide, and special
free sprayer offer for
first in each locality
this season. Do it
now.
H. Li Hurst Mfg. Co.
285 North St., Canton, Ohio
March 18,
Fruit Without
Spraying
as impossible as good crops from
poor seed. You will more than
double your crop if you will
spray your trees with the
CRESTLINE
Double Acting Barrel
SPRAY PUMP
It is the simplest and most
effective sprayer made. Any
one can use it and the in¬
creased yield of fruit the
first year will more than
pay for it. Descriptive cir¬
cular free, Write today.
THE CRESTLINE MFG. CO.
35 Henry Street, Crestline, Ohio
DEFEND YOUR FRUIT TREES
From Sat) Jose Scale and fungus
diseased with a Defender Sprayer.
Powerful two-line spraying ap¬
paratus. Made of brass; perfect
construction. Quickly attached
to barrel; easy working. Saved
time, labor and fruit. Satisfac^
tion gun inn t eed.
Descriptive circular and price
list free. Write today.
C. S. HARDER,
Box 75, CatskHI, N. Y.
ray with the Comet
Surest Results
Price
$3.50
to
$4.50
Agents
Wanted
Comet Sprayers are Easiest to Operate
Simplest in construction— foot Rest is at¬
tached or detached instantly— Have complete
Agitator and Brass Screen which prevent
clogging of pump. Tli in double actiny spray throws
a continuous stream 60 feet or spray flue as innist.
The fruit saved from a choice tree will more than
pay for it. You need It for your orchard, vines,
lawns and plants. Very durable— all brass. Weighs
only 6 pounds. Thousands of fruit growers and
farmers have proved it a success. Just try it for
applying liquid poisons, fertiliizers, etc. The re-
sultswill surpriseyou. Best proposition for agents.
Send us a postal for full information about this
superior sprayer vow. Get after the tree and plant
pests early and make more money.
H. B. RUSLER MFG. CO,
Dept. 6 JOHNSTOWN. OHIO
SAVE HALF Your
Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT — proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.”
Made in all colors, — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE.
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
j»vw uv ttvum uuuihu »na expense caused f>y paint*
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuable information
free to you. with Sample Color Cards, Write me. DO
IT NOW. I can lave you money.
0. W. Ingersoll, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. V.
Satisfaction
ranteed Users
o. K.
Champion
Machines
Are
Reliable
OUR PRICES
AND QUALITY
ARE RIGHT
Our O. K. Champion Planter makes and saves the
owner money. One man and team plant five or eix acre* of
potatoes a day accurately and easily. Learn more about this
and our line of potato diggers, etc. Let u* send you our free
Catalog. Write today. Dealers soil our machines.
Champion Potato Machinery Co.
151 Chicago Ave., Hammond, Ind.
NOVO
3 Sizes — NOVO Jr.; 2l/2 and 3*4 H.P.
Consists of perfectly standardized NOVO Gasoline Engine and
standard pump on strong yet light-weight foundation. Speed reduction
by strong cut gears.
Engine quickly detachable from sprayer —
for use in other farm work. Its light weight
makes it readily portable.
FREE BOOK— “How to Spray”
Prof. Taft of Michigan Agricultural College
NO lANI<
noTvTn
writes“Up-To-Date Spraying.” It’s free
upon request.
HILDRETH MFG. CO*
C. E. BEMENT, Sec. and Gen. Mgr.
116 Willow Street,
no Freezing lading.
V -v
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
361
Pumping Questions.
E. E. II. (No Address). — I have a well
30 feet deep that always has from 7.5 to
8.5 feet of water. I want to put a pump
over it. How many feet from the surface
of the water should the cylinder of the
pump be placed so as to get the full benefit
of the atmospheric pressure? If the cylin¬
der was down at the water the water would
have to be raised by labor ; if the pump
cylinder was near the top the atmospheric
pressure would drive the water up to it.
At what level in the well is it best to
place the cylinder?
Ans. — Placing the cylinder of a
pump high above the water in a well
gives no mechanical advantage whatever
in reducing the labor of pumping. _ The
pressure of the air on the water in the
well becomes effective in lifting the
water through the suction pipe into the
cylinder only after the pressure of the
air on the water in the cylinder has been
lifted off by raising the piston, so that
in pumping the pressure of the air on
the water in the cylinder has to be over¬
come, and the force required to do this
is exactly equal to the lifting power of
the atmosphere wherever the cylinder is
placed. It is always best to place the
cylinder as low in the well as practicable,
and the pump works the easiest possible,
especially if the piston is large and rapid
pumping is desired, when the cylinder is
in or near the water. If the cylinder is
placed near the upper limit to which the
atmosphere can raise the column of
water, a rapid stroke of the piston may
move it much faster than the pressure
of the air can raise the water, and if
this is the case a vacuum is formed un¬
der the piston and more pressure is re¬
quired to raise it.
In the case of the correspondent the
piston must lift not less than the equiv¬
alent of a column of water 25 feet high,
supposing seven feet of water in the well
and the spout of the pump two feet
above the ground. If the piston were
placed at the highest point possible in
the well, a rapid stroke might make a
90 or 95 per cent vacuum under it and
force enough would have to be exerted
to lift a column of water not less than
29 or 30 feet high, while if the cylinder
were placed low down the maximum lift
would be a column equal to the distance
from the water in the well to the dis¬
charge in the pump, which, in this case,
would be not more than 25 feet. It
should be remembered that atmospheric
pressure does no lifting until after its
weight has been lifted off the water, so
that the full lifting force of the water
must first be overcome. In practice it is
usual to place one length of pipe below
the cylinder, as this saves cutting pipe
and threading it, and places the cylinder
near enough the water for most purposes
where slow pumping only occurs. The
more rapid the pumping the nearer the
cylinder should be to the water so as to
avoid any considerable vacuum under it,
as this vacuum pressure is added to the
pressure of the water above the piston.
F. H. KING.
Rye or Oats.
I have a field of six acres where I had
corn last year and intended to put into
oats this Spring. It is Highly elevated and
is a gravel soil. I see in the different seed
catalogues that Spring rye is greatly ad¬
vocated in preference to oats ; that rye pro¬
duces from 30 to 40 bushels per acre. Hye
Is worth 85 cents per bushel. I am located
in the eastern part of Pennsylvania, and
would like your opinion in the matter. We
raise from 20 to 30 bushels of oats per
acre. w. a. m.
Slatington, Pa.
We should go slow in substituting Spring
rye entirely for oats. There is an imported
German rye, which seeded in Spring, grows
a fair yield. We doubt if it will outyield
oats, and our advice is to try it as an ex¬
periment only the first year.
Facts About Virginia,
What kind of soil lies in Buckingham
County, Virginia, and what are the chief
products and markets? I would also like
to know something about the tidewater
region from Petersburg south. What mar¬
ket for timber? Could a man with small
capital and a willing mind to work succeed
In either place? t. c.
Indiana.
Buckingham County, Virginia, has the
usual red clay soils of the Piedmont sec¬
tion. Like most of this section the lands
are apt to wash with shallow plowing
and absence of sod, but are easily brought
up to a high state of productiveness by
good farming. The crops are largely to¬
bacco, wheat and corn. The lands from
Petersburg to Norfolk are generally of a
level, light and more or less sandy surface.
It is largely a peanut section, especially in
Prince George and Isle of Wight counties.
In Isle of Wright there is a large industry
in hogs and the making of a high class of
hams and bacon. The hams of Smithfield
have a great reputation all over the coun¬
try, and sell for higher prices than any
hams in this country. Timber is not so
plentiful as it was, but there is always a
market for good timber or sawed lumber
In Petersburg and Norfolk. About Peters¬
burg and Smithfield lands are high, but be¬
tween Smithfield and Suffolk there are
plenty of cheap lands, where a man of
energy can soon do well. These lands are
more easily cultivated and improved than
the Piedmont soils, and are adapted to the
purposes of the market gardener, for about
Norfolk there is the largest gardening area
in the country. w. f. massey.
MORE ABOUT MANURE SPREADERS.
This Spreader Leads.
I read Albert II. I)e Graff’s article,
“Both sides of the Manure Spreader." I
have not much to say iu regard to both
sides, but am in favor of a spreader. Mr.
DeGraff speaks of the interest on the
money invested, and $10 for repairs. I
would figure that $6 for interest would not
more than pay for the convenience of hav¬
ing it to use when I wanted it without
having to go a mile or so to get it. Ten
dollars for repairs is rather high, according
to my experience of four years’ usage. Re¬
pairs, most of which were due to breaking
through a bridge, have not exceeded $15
for the whole four years. Manure spread¬
ers have their faults as well as men. None
is perfect. I have one which will carry
about GO bushels, and is intended to be
drawn by three horses, but I have a 2,200-
pound to'aiu that has always drawn it with
the exception of about three days. Gener¬
ally, we draw about 20 loads per day, de¬
pending somewhat on the distance and the
amount per acre. It takes as much driving
to put on six loads per acre as it does 25,
but the draft is not quite as heavy.
We have a cement lloor in our cow barn,
so that none of the liquid escapes. By
using plenty of bedding this is absorbed
and saved. We transfer the manure from
the stable to a shed near it by means of
a litter carrier. The straw in the pile,
after a few days’ dumping, causes manure
to heat and keeps it from freezing. We
also have all our horses in box stalls, so
about once in two weeks, we spend a day
hauling out the manure. In the Winter we
much prefer to have three or four inches
of snow on the ground, as that makes a
cushion and does not jar the spreader at
all. Just a word in regard to the care of
the spreader. It should be kept well oiled
and clean, as a heavy coating of manure
dried on it, especially on the bottom, makes
a good big horse difference, and a great
deal more strain on the working parts when
unloading. The best method I have found
for cleaning spreader is using boiling
water and a broom. Cold water, or slight¬
ly warm, will not penetrate the dried man¬
ure. A spreader cared for in this way
should last a long tim<?. F. H. Y.
Bindley, N. Y.
Finds a Spreader Necessary.
I think if A. II. De Graff’s article was put
in the balance, he would find his own state¬
ment would show the disadvantages want¬
ing. His first disadvantage is draft. The
spreaders weigh about the same as a binder,
and I think we could discard the binder
as easily as we could the spreader, but no
farmer will put from three to five horses
to the binder. We use two 1,050-pound
horses to our spreader, and if the field is
not level we drive to the highest point and
spread down hill. As to the wheels slip¬
ping we use traction mud bands or chain on
tire, and are able to use the spx-eader at
any season of the year, save in deep snow.
We have a large enclosed barnyard with
clay bottom tight enough to hold water,
where we keep our milch cows, and store
the horse manure, keeping it well littered
and ventilated, and haul the manure to the
fields twice a year, and we never need to
haul it out on a sled. As to expense, we
have had our spreader two years and have
not had any expense connected with it as
yet. We hire it out enough to pay interest
and depreciation. • As to hiring a spreader
every one knows time is money in farm¬
ing, and I would not want to wait on
my neighbor to get through with his
spreader. I am not selling manure spread¬
ers, nor would I advise a farmer to buy
one unless he had enough manure to grant
the need of one. But I have a warm feel¬
ing for them. I have one with a continu¬
ous apron, two cylinders and a fan, and
it is almost impossible for a large chunk
of manure to get through without being
torn to pieces. harry t. Parker.
Columbia Co., Pa.
Nigiitsoil. — S. B., Glasgo, Conn., asks
about nightsoil. My father in Connecticut
used large quantities in 1850 and later; he
obtained it in a city two or three miles
away, and had to be careful in hauling it.
He used coal ashes as a base, mixing them
as conditions required and with paying re¬
sults. A little practice will enable S. B.
or anyone to handle it anywhere. It gives
better results on sandy loam than on that
which is stiff or wet. I use it here in
Virginia in the same way. s. B.
For 60
March & April
Save Nearly
Read This Boiled Down list
It will give yoa a faint idea
o! the values this sale offers
Bleached Muslin
15,000 boltsUho lie quality). Per yard,7c
Percale
at manufacturer’s prices. 12*g-cent value
tor, per yard . 7J4o
Black Taffeta Silk
Full yard wide, only . 85c
Gingham
Solid weave, fine quality. 10 yds. for 49c
Poplin
The kind retail stores sell for 25 cents.
Our sale price, per yard . 1 2>4c
Dotted Swiss
Fine quality— price for 00 days only. Per
yard . I Oc
Panama Cloth
36-inch all worsted Panama cloth, only
per yard . 38c
Famous Behrens’ Pongee Silk
10 colors, only per yard . 38c
Venetian Spot Silk
Exactly the same quality that regularly
retails at 45 cents a yurd. Our sale price
only . .23c
Sheeting
Unbleached, 68 in. wide, only per yd. I 9c
Bleached, 70 in. wide. Sale price, per
yard . 21c
Japonica Silk
In 14 colors at half the regular price.
Only, per yard . 25c
Striped Poplin
Eleven colors. Regular 25-cent value.
Our sale price only, per yard . I 2 lie
Ladies' Handkerchiefs
Hemstitched extra fino cambric. This is
a handkerchief that sells everywhere for
10 cents apiece. Our sale price only, per
dozen . 37c
Ladies’ colored border hemstitched hand¬
kerchiefs, per dozen only . 28c
Table Linen
Heavy German Dice Damusk, per yd. 39c
Heavy Cream All-Linen Damask, per
yard . 48c
Bleached All-Linen Satin Damask, per
yard . SI • 15
Table Cloths
Hemmed German Table Cloths. Size.
58x75 inches. Each . Si. 19
Silver Bleached Table Cloths. Size, 58x
62 inches. Each . SI. 15
Bleached Pure Linen. Size, 70x70 inches.
Each . SI .69
Complete Hemstitched
Damask Set
Table Cloth and six Napkins. Cloth size
62x80 inches. Napkins 17x17 inches.
Price per set . *$2.98
Pillow Shams
Hemstitched and open work. Size 30x30
Inches, Only, per pair . 60c
Piano Scarf
Beautiful white renaissance Lace. Size
27x84 inches, only . $2.98
Towels.
70,000 pieces of good Bleached Linen
Crash Toweling. Worth double our price.
For this sale only, per yard . 8c
Fringed Damask Towels. Unmatchable
value. 17x38 inches, only . I 5c
White Hemstitched Huckaback, 20x28 in.
only . 22c
Hemmed Pure Linen Huckaback. 20x40
inches, only . 35 c
Fine Satin Dumask Towel, hemstitched.
Handsome flowered designs, 21x41 inches,
only . 43c
Bed Spreads
Our sale prices range from S I . I 5 for our
big leader up to 82.39.
Comforters
12 carloads of big values bought especially
for this sale. Prices run from S I . 1 8 to
S2.75.
Sheets and Pillow Cases
Annual offering of Hemmed Sheets and
Pillow Cases. Bigbargain. Bestquality
Bleached Sheets, 72x95 inches . 69c
Pillow Cases..20x32 inches, only . | 7c
Embroideries
Imported and domestic. Six pages of big
bargain values in our March and April
Sale Book. Get your copy today.
Ladies’ Neckwear
Very latest novelties. Direct from the
maker at little more than the maker’s
cost.
Auto Scarfs
Splendid bargains. One cannot be pur¬
chased at retail for less than 81.00.
Size 26x68 inches. 10 colors. Our sale
price, only . 44c
Furniture
21 bargain filled pages from which you
can furnish your home complete from
kitebon to attic at a saving of from one-
fourth to one-half.
Here are a few of the items, that you
may the better appreciate their values.
High grade lieed Chairs and rockers, onlv
each . . . S3. 59
High Grade Box Seat
Dining room chairs. Leather seat and
back, only each . S3. 48
Furniture for entire room, four pieces in
Mission. 1 rocker, 2 chairs, 1 table, only
. S9.99
Three piece parlor suite upholstered in
genuine leather. Only . S22.95
Library Kocker, only . S4.96
Missiou Hall Clock. Height 5 ft. 8 in.,
only . ; . S3. 96
Quartered Oak Sewing Table
only . S6.93
Mission Rocker
only . S 1 .99
Brass Bed
2 inch posts, only . $ 1 5.97
Turkish Couch
imitation leather covered, only... S8. 66 B
Kitchen Cabinet
with large cupboard, only . S7.33
Large Porch Swing
weathered oak, with chains and hooks
complete, only . $2.98
Big House
Furnishing
and Women’s
Wearing
Apparel Sale
NOW |
ON I
Send for 112 Page Bargain I
¥ | of You can’t come to our big city stores so we
Lit dl have prepared for you a book that describes
■ 1 this big sale in detail. Every article is care¬
fully illustrated, fully described and priced so low
that you will reckon your saving in dollars. ©This
book has been so painstakingly prepared, every
illustration has been so carefully drawn, every
statement so closely edited that you could not learn
more about the goods were you to actually visit our
stock rooms. Send for this book today. Your copy
has just come from the press and is here waiting
your request. Even though you plan to purchase
only a few articles for your home or wardrobe this
spring, don’t let this prevent your securing the book.
You will without#a doubt find listed the very articles
you want and in* every case you will make a worth
while saving. 1
To sum it all up in a single sentence. This is per¬
haps the most complete and the largest House
Furnishing and Women’s wearing apparel sale ever
attempted. You cannot gain the slightest idea of its
size or magnitude or of the values offered, however,
until you see the book. Fill out the coupon and mail it today.
NOTE — The prices given here are taken from our Chicago
Book. Our Kansas City House has issued a book contain¬
ing a line equally attractive, suited to their territory.
only .
Large Refrigerator
$6.80
| This Coupon Brings this Big
l City Sale to Your Door.
I Sign and Mail it Today.
I
»g
Curtains and curtain materioT suited to
every room in the house at prices that are
just about half what you would ordinarily 1
expect to pay.
Rugs are shown in their actual colors. ■
Brices range from S 1 . 65 upward. _
3 Big Sewing Machine Bargains
Clocks .
Handsome, big values, suited for dining I
rooms, hall, living room or library. J
Silverware, China, Kitchen- .
ware
You have a wide range of choice in all ■
those. Brices are extraordinarily low for
this sale.
Stoves and Ranges
for coal, wood, gas and kerosene. Every
one a bargain offer.
Washing Machines J
and laundry supplies. A full and complete
lino.
For Your Wardrobe
Here you will find 29 pages containing
every article of wearing apparel that you
can possibly want or need. Knit under¬
wear. Muslin underwear. Stocking, Shoes,
Wrappers, Dressing Saoques, Kimonas.
A wide range of dry goods and dress ma¬
terials, suits, gowns and millinery.
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., Gentlemen:
Chicago and Kansas City
Please send me a copy of the Book describing your
“March and April Sale of House Furnishings and Women’s
Wearing Apparel.”
so
NAME
T0WN_
COUNTY _
R. F. D. NO ._
-STATE-
Four New Catalogues just oil the Press
Check with an (X) the Book you want.
□ Paint
gives actual samples
!| — I Wall Paper
1 — h
gives actual samples
| Baby Carriages [] Bicycles. Motorcycles
Cut out the Coupon and send it to our nearest house, Chicago or Kansas City
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. Chicago Avenue Bridge, CHICAGO
Chicago and Kansas City
ISO
19th & Campbell Sts., KANSAS CITY
362
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 18,
Hope Farm Notes
FLORIDA NOTES. No. 6.
There are three other classes to be con¬
sidered. Suppose this Jersey couple had
children, relatives or close friends who
could unite with them to make a home at
each end of the country. Some of these
other people could come and live here per¬
manently — acquire land and develop a farm
or garden proposition. The elderly people
coma go back and forth with the changing
seasons while the permanent settlers could
stay here and work out some definite plan.
That is one class of immigrants who ask
advice. Another class is represented by
the man of middle years who has ac¬
cumulated little or nothing, but sees that he
is to be crowded out of his job or trade.
What chance is there for such a man to
make a living and a home in Florida?
The other class I have in mind is the strong
and powerful farmer or farm hand, well
fitted to endure privation and master the
obstacles of pioneer life. Should such a
man go to the West or to Canada, and
struggle against the frost, or come to this
soft and balmy land to make his home?
Let me see if I can describe fairly what
this section of Florida could offer' such peo¬
ple. I am not to discuss the smart busi¬
ness man with ample capital who wants to
start fruit or celery or similar things on
a large scale. That man does not need
advice. He goes himself and can afford to
buy experience.
If any such people came here and took
ordinary land what could they do with it?
Unless they bought land that had already
been cleared they would be obliged to grub
out palmetto or dig out pine stumps. I
do not believe you could clear such land
and . make it fit for trucking for less than
$60 per acre, and probably far more. I
would not plant oranges or grapefruit as
a permanent crop. Some varieties of
peaches do well here. At the la^t of Janu¬
ary our peach trees were in bloom, but
later many buds were killed in a section
a few miles east. In theory peach growing
might pay, as the fruit will come on ahead
of the Georgia crop and danger from frost
is not great. In order to ship successfully
there should be large orchards, so as to
take advantage of carload rates. I do not
think the small grower would have a show,
but it seems likely that a small canning
factory to handle peaches and some vege¬
tables could be made to pay. As for po¬
tatoes, the crop has been cut down twice
already this Winter. We raised three crops
some years ago — one caught frost, another
drought and another flood — neither paid.
Yet it is a fact that some districts in
North Florida report success with potatoes.
These are usually sections with peculiai’ly
good soil and some sheltered locations.
There you have a strange thing about
Florida. There are spots of excellent soil
with a location near a large lake or river
where ‘frost keeps away. Orange trees have
been hurt at Tampa, while on the St. Johns,
just below Jacksonville, they were unin¬
jured. There is no State in the Union
with such striking and inexplainable vari¬
ation of soil and frost conditions. The
land boomers make their argument on the
possibilities of thfe best, and then try to
sell some of the worst.
What about strawberry growing? We
brought down potted plants of Marshall,
and also bought Southern grown plants of
Klondyke, Lady Thompson and others. The
Marshalls grew about one-third the size
of our New Jersey plants, and make a few
berries. This variety is not suited to
Florida conditions. The others do better
when irrigated but the yield is very small.
Our people have been picking berries right
along, but no one could make a living
growing any such crop. It would be non¬
sense to depend on strawberries here. Are
these great stories about berry growing
fakes? I do not think so, in fact it seems
evident that there are several places in
the State where berries do fairly well. I
do not believe they ever give over one-
third the yield we get in the North, and
heavy fertilizing and irrigation are needed.
Pecan culture is promising on the
heavier Florida soils. There are many na¬
tive trees here and the nuts are good. In
some places on the heavy soils there are
good groves, and the business is promis¬
ing, though I do not think Florida can
compare with Texas or the lower Missis¬
sippi Valley in pecan culture. At our
place groves are being started by trans¬
planting young hickory trees and when
they are wTell established grafting with
pecans. I saw a number of such trees well
started and making a fine g. wth. One
would hardly believe that this soil was
capable of producing so much wood in a
single season. In one of these groves there
was still further evidence of the power of
this soil to produce — in the growth of Vel¬
vet bean. This bean is put in as a sort of
cover crop much as we would sow cow-
peas or Soy beans to cover and hold the
soil. The Velvet bean vines had been
plowed under and a crop of oats was above
ground on January 28, but high up In the
air on the larger trees were bean pods
showing where the vines had climbed 25
feet or more. There could be no doubt
about it, and I am told that on good soil
this Velvet bean will make vines 40 feet
long and actually chase a man out of a
cornfield ! I tried this Velvet bean in
New Jersey, but it gave less growth than
our common pole Lima. Here in Florida,
however, it is a perfect giant for gather¬
ing nitrogen and providing vegetable mat¬
ter. If we had any such plant at the
North to work with our orchards and truck
lands the fertilizer bills could be cut in
two without trouble. Yet here is Florida
with all those opportunities for growing
these crops not half utilizing them. Uncle
Ed and I planted some roots of kudzu.
They looked somewhat like very thick
asparagus roots. We took a place in the
garden and put the roots about six feet
apart. Uncle Ed drove a spade into the
ground and pushed it forward to make a
fair-sized hole. I stuck the root in be¬
hind the spade, poured in a little water
and pounded the soil down hard. The
plants started rapidly. They were hurt
by the frost late in February, but at once
started again. From the looks of them I
judge that they will make an immense
growth. From that garden patch I expect
to get roots enough to plant acres, and
that ought to take care of the stock food
proposition.
For it seems to me that the future of our
locality lies in a combination of live stock
and some Winter crop that is less of a
gamble than potatoes or oranges. I would
cut out lettuce and celery. These seem
to be gambling crops, and also require large
areas and large shipments in order to at¬
tract buyers and obtain carload rates. I
think the Bermuda onion would suit our
locality and people. This crop will not be
hurt by such frosts as we are likely to
get and it need not be rushed off in a
hurry regardless of the price. It can, also,
be marketed through a long season. In
order to raise onions one must have an
abundance of water and a strong soil. It
would be foolish to try to raise an onion
crop where we are located without an ir¬
rigating outfit to provide abundant water.
There has been practically no rain for
three months. By March 1 the orange
bloom was appearing, but the growers fear
that the soil is so dry that most of the
blossoms will fall off. I would take eare
of the watering part by pumping water
out of one of the small ponds and running
it over the field as needed. The onions
would occupy the land during the Fall and
Winter. For the rest of the year I would
prepare the onion land by feeding stock on
it. I think hogs would be best. My plan
would be to start with some of the nest
native sows we can find, and a good Berk¬
shire boar ; enclose the land with wire
fence into small fields and sow them in
rape, sorghum, Velvet bean or any of the
dozen crops which grow so remarkably in
Florida. I would turn these pigs from
one field to another, give them good shelter
and water, cut green kudzu for them and
feed some grain. In September or October
take them out and put them elsewhere for
finishing, take up the fences, plow the
land where these hogs have fed and seed
it to onions.
Now, briefly stated, that is what I should
try to do if I went to this part of
Florida to make my home. The scheme
may be fatally defective in some particu¬
lar which I have not thought out. If so,
will some one who has tried it set me
right and tell wherein the plan would
fail? I feel disposed to try it on a small
scale anyway in connection with Uncle
Ed and Charlie. It would make a good
experiment and perhaps provide a new oc¬
cupation for our section. The hog looks
to me like the best citizen for stopping one
of the greatest leaks through which money
drops away from Florida. He does not
find fault with his board and lodging like
many Winter boarders, and he will root
the ground and leave it in great condition
for a crop. I have been told that hogs
“ruin the ground” for a cabbage crop, but
I never believed it. I think they would
help fit it for onions. At any rate 1 feel
sure that the future of North Florida is
tied up to some combination of live stock
keeping and vegetables or grain. The boll
weevil is crawling slowly eastward across
the Gulf States, and cotton is rising in
price. Florida may yet be needed to pro¬
duce the finer grades of cotton and live
stock will prepare for that. Such work as
I have mentioned is suited to the first two
classes referred to above. They must have
capital to secure their outfit and hold in
reserve until they learn how to operate.
It would be a most foolish thing for a
man to come here with a family, spending
all he had for land and for moving. Flor¬
ida is emphatically not the place for the
man without capital. I do not eare what
the land boomers or land agents say. Take
it from me and keep away from Florida
unless you have the full price to pay for
a Winter home or capital enough to stock
a farm and then carry a reserve. Certain
land boomers are offering “farms” with a
lot in a “city” thrown in. Let them alone
as you would avoid playing with a bad case
of the ague packed in red-hot coals ! As for
the strong man, such as those who made
up the army of early pioneers, I should
expect him to do better striking off into
the colder and rougher section of the
country. As for buying land in so-called
“co-operative” companies or buying stock in
land enterprises, my general ' advice is — ■
don’t do it! I have not investigated their
land or their prospects, but I do know
enough about Florida to see the fearful
chances for misrepresentation and fraud
which are possible in these land deals. I
would not spend a cent with any of them.
I have no doubt there are 50,000 land
owners in Florida who would hop at the
chance to sell their land for half what it
has cost them. If you want land find one
of these freeze-outs and let the land boom¬
ers alone.
And now let us go back to New Jersey
awhile and see how Hope Farm is doing.
h. w. c.
Your Spring Wheat Must Grow Fast
It hasn’t long- to mature and you must push it right
along — from seeding time to harvest — by giving it the
right kind and amount of food.
Use from 300 to 600 lbs. per acre of fertilizer contain¬
ing at least 6% available Potash or 250 lbs. Muriate of
OTASH
- • -W"-
to the ton. You will profit by an early yield of
long heads, well filled with heavy, solid grains —
for Potash is first and last a maker of grain.
Starch cannot form without it.
Write for our books on different crops and
how to make the best fertilizers for them.
Ask your dealer or write us today for prices
on Potash, any amount from a 200-lb. bag up.
German Kali Works, Inc.
Baltimore: Continental Building
Chicago: Monadnock Block
Nevr Orleans: Whitney Central Bank Bldg.
Save Time and Seed
By Using the SO Year
Old World’s Standard
GAHOON
SEED
SOWER
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE.
. . . MANUFACTURED ONLY BY . . .
‘The Rogers & Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.
Send for free Almanac telling all about
Hubbard’s “Bone Base” Fertilizers.
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE iu the finest fruit
growing and trucking section iu the world;
fertile soil and fine climate; also a beautiful water
front farm with timber. For full particulars ad¬
dress SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, .S a 1 i s b u ry,
Wicomico County, Maryland.
Guaranteed to do more and better broadcast work
with any kind of grain or grass seed than any other
Seed Sower. Saves time and labor; givesbiggercrops.
Pays for itself many times over yearly, although it
isihe highest priced sower. Made ofiron, steel and
brass. Lasts a lifetime. If your dealer cannot supply
you, we will deliver the Cahoon to any express
office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of |4.
Seed Sowers’ Manual tells how to save seed and
get bigger crops. It’s free. Send for it.
COPPELL CO.,-* 14 Main St„ Antrim, N. H.
Bees on the Farm ^eTuZri”
will help you get more pleasure and more profit
from Bee keeping. 0 months trial subscription 25c.
Book on Bees and Catalog of Supplies sent free.
THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Box 65. MEDINA, OHIO
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver Sen Francisco
Send for copy of“Elhoood Fence News,’’'’ profusely illustrated , devoted
to the interests of farmers and showing koto fence may be employed to
enhance the earning power of a farm. Furnished free upon application.
Use good cor¬
ner and end posts, well
braced. Then stretch the
fence — stretch it till it sings.
Ellwood fence will stand any stretching.
You cannot break it.
Erect your fence in this way and
it will last twice as long. Any
fence dealer can supply the tools.
It costs no more to erect a fence
properly. It requires no greater
effort if you expend a little thought
to get the knack of doing it. Our
dealer nearest you will give you
a booklet explaining how to erect
a fence — how to make the work
easy and right.
The steel in Ellwood fence is
specially made for the purpose
from carefully selected stock. It
is hard, elastic, tough and springy.
The line wires, composed of two
or more wires twisted into cables,
give each individual wire the shape
* of an elongated coiled spring.
The fence is therefore sufficiently
elastic to take care of expansion
and contraction, and yet so rigid
when properly stretched as to pre¬
vent sagging. The small and per¬
manent mesh is made by weaving
one continuous wire throughout
the fabric. The mesh or stay wires
are so interwoven that slipping
is impossible. The triangular truss
is the strongest form of construc¬
tion known. For this reason,
Ellwood fence will stand the
hardest usage and still retain
its shape.
Ellwood Fence is sold in your town. tLh°° e nr
•wood dealer and let him show you his different styles of fence and
Quote you his low prices. Get his expert advice on your special
needs. He is on the spot, buys in large quantities, gets the lowest
carload freight rates, demonstrates quality before your eyes and is
the man from whom you will get the most for your money.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
5GC
Ruralisms
' STRAWBERRIES IN ARKANSAS.
A letter from central Arkansas relates
that early strawberries are in bloom
February 15, as well as plums and some
peaches. All through the Central States
there is a dread for the fate of fruit,
generated by the extremely mild Winter
which has advanced trees and plants a
full month beyond their allotted time. A
failure in 1911 will be adding discour¬
agement to discouragement, for there
has been a succession of lean fruit years
and owners of orchards have little spirit
to spray and do the needful work as
they reflect over their investment which
gives no dividends. Yet man’s ingen¬
uity finds some means of relief in every
emergency, and just now he is preparing
to cope with the great primal elements
themselves. As usual we receive in¬
struction from the clever and highly or¬
ganized fruit growers of the mountain
States and, as the only alternative, re¬
luctantly add to our original investment
an outfit of burners, oil, tanks, etc., for
smudging, at a first outlay estimated at
$75 per acre, though subsequent years
will luckily require only a small frac¬
tion of this amount. The small fruit
grower is also presented with the same
alternative, and with some change in de¬
tails, will emulate his brothers of the
orchard. Here is another charge to be
added to the first cost of fruit and to
be ultimately borne by the consumer. At
the present rate, fruit growing will soon
be monopolized by highly educated
specialists provided with full war chests
and an arsenal of weapons manufactured
by science, but it will be a national mis¬
fortune if the poor are to be deprived of
health-giving fruit that has passed into
a luxury for the rich alone.
Down in middle Arkansas we find the
little station of Judsonia marking a
strawberry center that yearly sends
many carloads of berries to northern
markets. The country is still only half
developed; there is much forest land,
and farms can be bought cheaply. The
soil varies greatly with much red sand¬
stone cropping up or littered about in
loose bowlders. There are fields of black
rich loam contiguous to others of al¬
most pure sand, but sand is in some evi¬
dence almost everywhere and has proved
itself an asset of much value. It hastens
the maturity of the extra earlies and
puts them into market while prices are
still high, and greatly aids the work of
the plant shippers, of whom two do
quite a large business. With them dig¬
ging begins in the middle of our Winter
to fill orders for southern planters, and
in March they begin supplying custom¬
ers to the north. With them digging is
play compared to what it is on clay soil.
With one stroke of a prong-toothed po¬
tato digger a man will throw out a dozen
or so plants, and with one shake of the
fingers their roots are clean enough for
packing. Thus the expense is reduced
to a minimum.
Figs. 117 and 118, page 347, show
Spring scenes one one of these Arkansas
plant farms. In Fig. 118 the method of
digging is shown, three pickers to each
digger ; the woman on the right will be
observed tying the plants as fast as she
collects 25. This would be possible only
in such a soil. The blossoms are plainly
to be seen as well as a scant growth of
grass between the rows. No mulching
is done beyond permitting a growth of
Fall grass which dies down and affords
some protection to the berries against
the dirt. In Fig. 117 the full family
force with some extra are busily setting
plants. Low ridges are thrown up for
the plants and hole’s made with dibbles
or the fingers ; at the right is seen a
man with a tin tube applying a fer¬
tilizer beneath the plant. This fertilizer
is usually bone meal, which has been
found efficacious for this soil. Children
are employed as plant droppers. An¬
other present of generous nature is moss
for packing, which can be had for the
gathering, as well as .cheap lumber for
box material. All in all it is a favored
region for the plant shipper, but the
plant grower cannot boast of equal
blessings. Hailstorms and frosts are as
common visitors here as they are far¬
ther north. Strange to say, this unde¬
veloped district is famous as the origin
of more varieties of the strawberry than
any other in the United States. From
here came both our standard extra
earlies, Michel’s and Excelsior ; the for¬
mer an accidental and the latter a cul¬
tivated seedling. Also the Texas or
Hathaway, Fremont Williams, Bismarck,
Almo and St. Louis, besides a number
of others less widely known. The popu¬
lar market berries for shipping north
are the Excelsior, Annie ( local seed¬
ling), Klondike, Aroma and Gandy.
Over a large area, with western Missouri
as a center, the Aroma has won its
way to the head as the main crop ship¬
ping berry, but still it is a berry that
has never shown the adaptability of a
true standard. From Missouri east it
begins to decline, until it fails to find
a footing in the Atlantic States. Even
here in east Missouri it is not a suc¬
cess. A. T. Goldsborough, of Wash¬
ington, D. C., wrtes me that “Around
here Aroma is worthless. The fruit
wilts and turns flabby in hot weather.
It is good only in favorable spots.
Gandy is Aroma’s equal in every way
and superior in firmness, shape and
flavor. When Oliver H. Gandy, of New¬
port, N. J., gave us the berry bearing
his name (1885) we had a fruit in a
class all to itself and in uniqueness it
still stands alone. The Gandy must
have been the result of a strong outcross
for it lacks prepotency. During the
last 25 years I have fruited hundreds of
its seedlings but they harked back to in¬
ferior types.” The Gandy is indeed
unique. For many years it has held the
throne as the queen of all late varieties
and even now its rule is not seriously
threatened though we constantly read
of claimants who arrogate superior
qualities. Invariably these claimants
prove to be not quite so late or not quite
so good and soon retire from the con¬
test. L. R. JOHNSON.
Cape Girardeau Co., Mo.
New Head On Old Trees.
I have some apple trees that are dead on
the trunk and up, but they send out new
sprouts. The sprouts are above the graft.
They are Baldwins. Will the apples be
Baldwins from the sprouts, or do you think
it will be best to pull the tree out and set
in new ones? n. B.
Ilicksville, N. Y.
Y'ou do not sav how old these trees are.
If not too old, and if the stumps are noi
split or decayed, we should saw off the
trunks, paint or wax the stump, and let
the sprouts grow, since they start above
the graft.
Nitrate of Soda for Strawberries.
Of what benefit is nitrate of soda to
strawberries? How much, when and how
applied? Will it not have a tendency to
make the berries soft? Can it be applied
without working it into the soil, as to do
so would cause the berries to be gritty?
s.
Nitrate of soda contains nitrogen which
is the element most likely to promote rapid
growth. It is seldom wise to use over 150
pounds to the acre. The best way to use It
on strawberries is to scatter in the rows
about a foot from the plants and work into
the soil with cultivator or hoe. This is
for hilled plants. For matted rows you
can mix the nitrate with dry soil and bioad-
east over the rows before the plants start.
It seldom pays to use nitrate on straw¬
berries. The crop should he fertilized, dur¬
ing the Summer and Fall before fruiting.
S tiring fertilizing will not increase the
number of fruits, but may increase the size
of both vines and berries. Nitrate used
in excess will make the berries soft.
ETWEEN you and your
profit are the insects
destroying your crop.
Do you get the price for your
fruits and vegetables that you
could if they were free from
worms or blemishes ? The
appearance of your produce
determines its price. Per¬
fect fruit brings the largest
returns.
Sherwin - Williams
Insecticides
will enable you to keep your crops
clean so that you can obtain a larger
crop and a better price. S- W Lime-
Sulfur, New Process Arsenate of
Lead, Bordeaux Paste and Paris
Green are chemically right to give
you the best results at a very slight
cost compared with your greatly in¬
creased profit. Send for our spray
book.
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
635 Canal Road
Cleveland,
Ohio toai
Sent free, “ Spraying , a
Profitable Investment.”
Spray 30 Acres a Day
Potatoes, Small Fruits, Vines
Spraying that counts. 6 rows at a time with force to do
work right. Foliage sprayed aU over, under as well as
on rop. The Perfection hprayer is also great at orchard
work. Spray trees by hand. Ensy to maintain 160
pounds pressure with two nozzles going. Strong 60
gallon tank, perfect agitation, absolutely best spray
lump made. Spray pipes fold up— you can
drive close to trees and in narrow places.
Over 23 years a sprayer builder. I know re-
.quirements, and 1 know the Perfection is
right. Over lOOO In use,
all giving satisfaction.
Write for Free Catalog.
Don’t buy any sprayer
till it comes.
THOMAS
PEPPLER
Box 45,Hightstown,H.J.
The Best Spray Pump
Sprays the tallest fruit trees from the ground.
Special nozzle for grape vines, shrubs, etc.
Sprays quickest and best. Does the work in
half the time and does it thoroughly. Always
ready. Used with bucket, barrel or Lank.
Basts a lifetime. No leathers to dry up, wear
out, or make trouble.
Standard Spray Pump
Warranted for 5 Years. Price $4.00.
It will not cost you a cent to try it. Our
special offer gives complete details. Write
for it today and we will also send our illus¬
trated circular showing how this pump pays
for itself many times over the first season.
The Standard Stamping Co.
94 Main Street Marysville. O.
CDDA V Adopted by the N.Y. State Fruit Growers’ Ass’n
OrnAI IT WILL PAY YOU TO USE EITIIKK.
TJ
L PASTE OR POWDERED'
FOR ALL LEAF EATIN6 INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS ahd AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
^ FUNGICIDE ANO INSECTICIDE
— . USE
I
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL. CO.
14 BAYVIEW AVE..JERSEY CITY. N.J.
WRITE FOR PRICES. CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
“ONE FOR ALL,” No. 1
O OtATM TO I N •tCT& A FUNOI
Barrels, 425 lb. . .. »05e. per lb
>5 Bb!«..20Glbj— __ f -p
10O Ibi _ _ i — ' )6 1 '
50 lbs.....,,. — in "‘T "
25 lbs _ — . | - , — , rift
F O. B. NEW YORK
Wool Create, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur
Combined. A Contact and Poiton Spray.
Ah Insecticide & Fungicide.
Only Thing Needed for all Petta or Fun gut.
WRITE FOR BOOKLET.
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
K.wbliihod 1883.
(51 Front Street. New York
GET RID OF TREE PESTS
San Jose Scale, fungi and other pests will ruin your crops.
Get rid of them quickly and surely by spraying with
Good’s Potasif Whale Oil Soap No. 3
Kills all enemies to trees and plants and quickens
healthy growth. Contains nothing injurious. Used and
endorsed by State Experimental Stations and
IT. 8. Department of Agriculture
60 lbs., $2.50; 100 lbs., $4.60; larger quantities proportion¬
ately less. Write for free “Manual of Plant Diseases .”
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 945 N. Front St., Philadelphia
Empire King.
l- _ _ ia _ _ _ * . ... _ 2 . — mitVi ayiI a C Inr. vnF 1 Q 1 1 fulfil*
Ho who attempts to grow fruits without a Sprayer is handi
m ^ capped. Blight and bugs, rot and rust, mold and mildew, all
w — conspire to damage the crop, and in all cases succeed if the farmer does
^ not spray. This is the only hand pomp having automatic agitator and brush for clean¬
ing strainer. Valuable book of instruction free. FIELD FORCE PUMP C0.t<2 llTH ST., ELMIRA, N. Y
Sprayed with
Bowker’s PVPOX
brings more money
because it is free from injury by worms-,
scab, etc. Over 300 testimonials in our
new catalogue show the great value of this preparation on all kinds of fruits
and vegetables. Pyrox serves two purposes ; it kills insects and prevents dis¬
ease and blemish. It adheres to the foliage even through heavy rains, saving-
labor and cost of re-spraying. Perfectly safe. It is all ready to use by mixing
with cold water. Every grower who seeks fruit and vegetables free from
blemish needs “Pyrox,” the “one best spray.” It
tt
Fills the barrel with the kind they used to put on Top”
Send for new catalogue with photograph of sprayed and unsprayed fruit in
original colors. Will convince the most skeptical. Say how many and what
kinds of fruit trees, or how many acres of potatoes you have to spray, and ask
for special prices. We ship from Boston, Baltimore, and Cincinnati.
T) AW TV U T» INSECTICIDE COMPANY,
D U TT XV Ih XV 43 CHATHAM STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
364
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
The Rural New-Y orker
THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
Pabllahed weekly by the Rnral Pnblishlng Company, 409 Pearl Street, Few York.
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Roylk, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or 8 Hi marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Glass Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timi
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
ns; and cash must accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in our columns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex-
Posm. We protect subcribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
We understand that there are patents pending on a
light motor tool to take the place of hand pushed
garden cultivators. It is light and runs with a four
horse-power used on a motor cycle. Others with a
stronger power will run tools like a horse cultivator
in narrow rows. Of course a patent does not prove
that a tool is practical, but we hope some inventor
will succeed with this idea.
*
Some agents of “horse companies” have appeared
in New England trying to organize farmers and sell
shares in a horse. At every point they seem to strike
subscribers to The R. N.-Y. who cheerfully point
them to the recent articles. Well, gentlemen, if we
can have our way we shall print the truth about horse
companies, creamery sharks, land frauds and fake
schemes generally so that the country will be plastered
by the record. Our friends will do the plastering
and we will do the printing.
*
There was a hearing at Albany on March 8 on
what is known as the Collin bill — which aims to
record and regulate sales by commission men. We
printed the original bill on page 329. It has since been
made stronger by amendment. Nearly 100 farmers
attended this hearing, and their case was well pre¬
sented. The fight for the bill will come in the Senate.
It is time to get into the battle at once. Do not delay
a moment, but write your Senator and Representative
at Albany and urge them to work for Assembly bill
590.
*
We have some articles on “back to the land” com¬
ing which will cause much thought and discussion.
These articles give the facts just as the authors see
them. Some are the record of plain failure — told
freely and without complaint. Others are hopeful and
record a success or at least a hope. Such success
will be won if at all only by a hard struggle — too
hard and fierce for many people to enter into. We do
not join the cry of “back to the land” for all city
workers. That is about as foolish and harmful gen¬
eral advice as could be given, because it conveys the
idea that anyone, deformed or foolish, or strong or
wise, can run a farm, so as to make a living. The
fact is that farm management requires skill and study
three times as exacting as the average clerk or sales-
riian was ever called upon to exercise. We intend to
tell the truth about “back to the land” — the plain truth
without prejudice or poetry.
*
I think I can tell of a more unreasonable charge than
did Mr. T. H. King on page 168, with his half bushel of
apples. I own an ice cream factory in Hillsboro, Ill., and
five miles from the town on an electric line is a Chautauqua
grounds. During the assembly there last Summer I sent
ice cream there and the express company charged me 90
cents expressage for a 10-gallon packer weighing about 200
pounds. The railroad company would haul a man of about
the same weight and furnish him an upholstered seat for
7% cents, so if the parcels post would take away some of
the express companies’ business I do not think anyone
would feel sorry for these greedy corporations. Give us
parcels post which will be of great good to the greatest
number. jesse w. osborn.
Illinois.
You might figure on this proposition: The express
company charges 90 cents for carrying 200 pounds of
ice cream. The railroad carries a young man and his
girl weighing 300 pounds for 15 cents, and this couple
eat ice cream. Who gets the consumer’s dollar in this
case? These practical illustrations help more than
anything else to show some of the outrageous charges
made by the express companies. The trouble is that
most of these arguments have been given in a general
way — not so as to interest the people who are being
held up. When the fact is brought right home to
them through an overcharge to themselves or in some
incident which is a part of their everyday life, they
see the point, and each one becomes an active parcels
poster.
*
The absurdity of the division of the city by the “ex¬
press trust” was never better illustrated than in the case
of a man in Dorchester who bad two trunks to send to
a house in Roxbury, only eight blocks away, perhaps 15
minutes’ drive at the outside. The express concerns in¬
sisted on hauling them into Boston, then out to Roxbury.
And the charge was $1.70. — Boston Evening Record.
Next time, perhaps, the Dorchester man will borrow a
wheelbarrow and do his own expressing.
This advice from the Boston Globe is worth think¬
ing about. The wheelbarrow we want is parcels post.
Farmers will take that, put the special privilege of the
express companies into it and wheel them off to the
dumping ground, or political ash heap. Take it from
us — this job will not be done until we first wheel off
the “careful consideration” Congressmen and bury
them like the “babes in the wood.” We must use
ballots instead of leaves.
*
It is reported that a leading 'politician was asked
last Fall if there was any way of preventing the peo¬
ple from forcing Congress to give them the reforms
they had demanded. His answer was: “Only by
creating a war scare and waving the starry banner!”
Just before the new Congress is to meet there is a
great concentration of the American army on the
Mexican frontier. The possibilities of this “waving
the starry banner” are very great. Even Senator
Lorimer might deliver a “patriotic” speech and ex¬
pect by doing so to make the public believe that his
coat of lime-sulphur wash is pure gold surmounted
by a halo. It is too late. The people know that
parcels post and fair tariff revision must not be ob¬
scured by a war bluff with Mexico. This “war talk”
method of dodging responsibility is as old as the
country. When John Adams was President the Fed-
erals talked war with France and England until it
seemed as if they were secure in power for years.
Then they went too far with arbitrary laws and out¬
rageous disregard of rights, and even the war talk
could not save them.
*
Reference has been made to a visitation of locusts
to be looked for this year. The insect is known as the
periodical cicada, which every 17 or 13 years sud¬
denly appears in certain sections, performs its work
and then disappears. The adult insect cuts little slits
in the small twigs or branches and lays its eggs in
them. These eggs hatch in a few weeks and the
young insects fall to the ground. They burrow into the
soil and remain there for 13 years in the South and 17
years at the North. Their food is probably obtained
from the humus in the soil. There will be two “crops”
of these locusts this year. One brood will be found
in Connecticut, the Hudson Valley, Long Island, New
Jersey and down through eastern Pennsylvania, Dela¬
ware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina. The
worst of it will come in New Jersey. The other brood
will be found in parts of Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Ten¬
nessee. The insect does not eat plants. The damage
is caused by cutting and slitting. Heretofore no
efforts seem to have been made to fight them. We
shall try a weak solution of lime-sulphur with extra
hme added to make a thick wash on the fruit trees.
In the localities named this is one of the things to
provide for this year. If the locusts are very thick
they may cause considerable damage to young trees.
We advise as little trimming as possible when the
trees are set out, and Summer pruning after the
locusts disappear.
*
CANADIAN “RECIPROCITY.”
No. 5.
Congress adjourned without settling the “reci¬
procity” question. A new session has been called,
and the prospects are for a long-drawn-out tariff
fight. We have tried to present the farmer’s side.
We believe that the proposed scheme of admitting all
farm products free, while retaining a tariff on manu¬
factured goods, is unfair and against the true interests
of the country. Historically the argument is broad
and clear.
I heartily wish American farming could assume some of
the solidity of the English type ; that farms could descend
from father to son in some way so that the improvements
would accumulate. This would result in better culture,
better buildings and the better standing of the farmer.
We would not be jumping from place to place. J. D.
New Hampshire.
That is what we all wish, but American History for
the past century shows one long succession of opening
up for gift or sale at a low price cheap and rich
new land. Under this policy, which drew away the
March 18,
strong and ambitious, there has been little incentive
for farmers in the Eastern States to handle their
land and develop it as is done in Europe. Within the
past 10 years we have come closer to it than ever be¬
fore because the new land is largely taken up. A few
years more and systematic plans for permanent im¬
provement of Eastern farm lands would have been
common. The opening of the rich and cheap lands of
Canada will, unless all history is disproved, bring back
the old menace which for a century has hung over our
older farms. We have insisted and still insist that
the farmers of the Northern States are chiefly respon¬
sible for the high tariff and its outcome:
I want to point out that you are overlooking the mighti¬
est factor in the depression of values following the Civil
War. That was the work of Wall Street in inducing Con¬
gress to call in millions on millions of non-interest bearing
notes, circulating as money. These were destroyed and
interest-bearing bonds put in their stead. You cannot
afford to overlook that part of the history of the war
period, and the years immediately following. e. l. s.
Massachusetts.
We do not overlook it, nor do we forget how it
was done and how these same Northern farmers voted
for it and permitted it As boy and young man we
were raised among farmers, and like other young
men were interested in politics. The political thought
of this country was dominated by two things which
time has proved to be scarecrows, “war issues” and
“tariff.” Politicians who never went near a battlefield
fought the war over and over whenever they wanted
to work through some public steal or special privilege.
When this began to wear out the tariff was taken up.
A man could not be elected to the school board in
some New England towns unless he made high tariff
his leading issue. The money monopoly, the railroad
grants, public franchises and the whole long list were
tacked to a high tariff “platform”— and they went
through. The workmen in towns might go from one
side to the other, but the northern farmers stood like
a rock through all the years and believed what was
told them about the benefits of protection. They were
like men who robbed their own pockets, tied them¬
selves hand and foot and delivered themselves over to
servants on the promise that the “American market”
would be preserved for them. The time has come for
blunt if not brutal truth telling. Let any man of 50
who is capable of original thought tell us if this is
not true !
Canadian “reciprocity” breaks the charm at last.
The farmer finds that he has fostered high tariff
until he has made his “infant industries” rich and
strong beyond competition. These “infants” jump out
of the cradle and kick the old man out of the house!
The last patch and shred of direct benefit from pro¬
tection is to be taken from the farmer. What should
he do? Here is the conclusion which thousands of
them have come to:
Perhaps I may reason all wrong, but I believe that this
reciprocity agreement will eventually help us all. Why?
Well, we all know that in some cases the physician will
give a medicine to clear out the system before the real
remedies are given. So here the farmer has been hood¬
winked and given so often fake protection to keep him in
line so the manufacturers cun count on his help in their
getting real protection. This is cleaning out our system,
and will show just how much the “powers that be” care
for the farmer. Now it is up to the farmer to join with
the consumer and compel real reciprocity with our next-
door neighbor in every manufactured article. Can we
do it? f. q. w.
There is no doubt that the people of this country
. want a fair reduction of the tariff. Farmers, as a
class, will gain by such fair reduction, and they would
support it. The proposed “reciprocity” is so unfair
that it will rank as class legislation. Farmers should
stand for fair protection the same as is given manu¬
facturers, or insist that we have absolute free trade
with Canada — everything to pass freely from one
country to the other!
BREVITIES.
Like a dog on a chain — the man who tries to spray
with a 10-foot hose. Bug and blight may fool him.
That is a good, practical article by Mr. Rogers on
page 370. This is a new scheme for handling oats and
peas.
The latest is an insurance agent who threatens one
of our readers with arrest if he does not renew an ex¬
pired insurance policy ! A great bluff that !
No — the Florida land companies are not trying to sell
the Hope Farm man any land. Their “prospects” read
like the claims of the “three-gallon cow” man — and are
about as near the fact.
At Concord, Mass., a bed of asparagus was set in the
Spring of 1909 and cut profitably last year ! That meant
ideal soil preparation and “pedigreed seed.” No one can
do it with scrub stock and scrub care.
A number of people write to ask why there is a picture
of a rooster on “The Business Hen” cover. We consider
the husband of the hen a useful member of the hen yard.
In fact “the old man” often receives less than half the
credit due him.
“The farmer may receive only 35 cents of the con¬
sumer’s dollar, but he receives tenfold for his money when
he takes The R. N.-Y. if he reads it, and thinks. I con¬
sider any copy worth the price of one year’s subscrip¬
tion,” says H. W. T., of Massachusetts.
1911.
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
A Review of Old Matters.
The following brazen misrepresenta¬
tion is taken from the Woman’s Na¬
tional Daily, published by E. G. Lewis.
It refers to the forced liquidation of the
People’s United States Bank after
fraud orders had been issued against it
and Lewis:
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
in the world to return them dollar for
dollar of the original investment. The
bank after three months business could
pay only 87 per cent. He would pay in
full— in promises. Unbelievable as it
may seem, lie actually got the assign¬
ments to the amount of $1,500,000. Who
is going to prosecute any rogue if the
victim of the robbery comes to the res-
366
Ruef will he put at work in the jute mill
of the prison. Attorneys for the prisoner
will continue their fight for his liberation
by making application to the Supreme Court
for a rehearing.
Investigation, of alleged Alaskan mining
frauds, following the investigation iust
completeed at Detroit, March 6. will bo be¬
gun by a federal grand jury at Chicago. The
alleged frauds are said to involve a total
of $1)0,000,000. The grand jury at Detroit
,i , - . , . . ' — ; „ March 0 returned indictments against seven
cue of the man who picks his pockets? persons, including John M Bushnell of
, . the credit of Mr. Lewis be it said
that every depositor of fhe bank received
every cent that he had in it, and the
stockholders received 87 per cent, of what
they had put in the bank — for the bal¬
ance, 13 per cent., Mr. Lewis has assumed
personal responsibility. The vast amount
of money that he returned he could have
Lewis printed up $2,300,000 of preferred Chicaf°- The name of Albert G. Frost,
stock of his printing company, guaran- ^“itaiiwfy^now^i^tht hands" o? a'rt
ceiver has been brought into the investiga-
tion through a recun t court order directing
the grand jury to investigate books of the
hrost companies. They are said to contain
records of the promotion of the Alaska
teeing seven per cent. ; and promised to
have it listed on the stock exchange so
that it could be readily sold, and prom¬
ised that it would bring a premium. For , ^ _ .....
the six years since, these neoole who Le?E'al , Kaihvay running from Seward to
t- r-- . . « . . . “stood by Mm in the dark hour” have rec“lr VS
"eP.t bimaalf* since there is no law on the had many promises and many assurances Rlaiat of J- p- Morgan & Co., the Sovereign
United States statute book that could and many opportunities to chancre rme 5ank of Eanada and the Central Trust
this money, but his piece of £pe? for ^another andSenD ^mpan,U«f JR-ois. It was charged that
ally to put in some more cash, but the
promise to return dollar for dollar has
never been kept. On the contrary, the
victims are impudently told that Lewis
has suffered all. the loss. When Lewis
reached his limit last Summer, he tried
to turn the same trick of borrowing
from his old victims through debenture
bank accepted 87 per cent from the re- n,°.tes i but the People have learned some- in Seating0 the
to Lewis
indifference to them
to make impressions on new victims".
partment. expressed the intention to re¬
turn forthwith to Seattle, and after a rest
resume the practice of law. He said that
IF- defence had cost him not less than
$2o,000, and he is now a poor man. Mr
lusher s. appointment gives two places in
the Cabinet to Chicago men, Secretary Mac-
Veagh, of the Treasury Department, being
also a resident of that city. Mr. Fisher
has been notably active in the movement
for the conservation of natural resources,
and is a vice-president of the National Con¬
servation Association. Officers of that as¬
sociation, whose headquarters are in Wash¬
ington, expressed themselves as more than
pleased with the appointment of Mr. Fisher.
LIFE IN WESTERN NEBRASKA.
The high cost of living comes very forci¬
bly to us who live in the comparatively
unproductive part of Nebraska, commonly
known as the Sand Hills. Although there
are thousands and thousands of cattle all
around us, we pay our local butcher
la to 20 cents per pound for round steak.
At this time of year I think he gets his
supply from the Omaha packing houses.
One can usually buy from a ranchman in
the early Winter for about five and seven
cents per pound by the quarter. Of course
this is not grain fed. I bought half of
a dressed hog from the butcher a few days
ago for 10 cents per pound. This I con-
uorneii 5,ldH’ a. faE„ bargain. Flour runs about
,. ,na(i„ $l.o0 to $1.60 per 50-pound sack for first
ernrio Buying in 500-pound lots one can
save 10 cents per sack. Corn
new buildings it has been fcgS -"-P^whe^^corn^s
car shipped
tt- • _ , . "“i ‘wiin me souuiern side. At the west- w •“*' i paid $1.25 per
tie is now trying ern end will be placed the new auditorium pounds ; oats, $1.35 per 100 pounds —
On the northern side of the new quadrangle a11 Pese tb5nSs could be raised here if
\fpn p-irn i i w„lR 1)0 space for three or four buildings people were so inclined. Some men raised
en earn for themselves such appel- of which the Home Economics Building busbels of corn per acre last year, and
. . --- - iations as coward, bandit, robber, pirate, w! } be tbo westerly one. This quadrangle H was certainly a dry year. Potatoes
claims against him for collection, we pickpocket, thief, but the most dangerous oill b® competed by buildings which the yitlded last year from 100 to 200 bushels
have not been able to find that he has as well as the most despicable of aH &V22rtSS{S& ” •— <**• 8? 4S? g* A* 'ofZ
, • , , , 1LIOU V J , 11 U L IlilJ
native honesty would not permit him to
let one single person suffer through his
business failure.
Isn’t it astonishing that any man would
put such barefaced lies in cold type, to
be read by thousands of people who
know that there is not a word of truth
in it as to the stockholders? About one-
third of the stockholders in the defunct
the company was overcapitalized. John
Ballaine was appointed receiver and trus¬
tee. Mr. Frost was president of the com¬
pany. l'he railroad serves the Manantusha
district, in which are valuable coal claims.
FARM AND GARDEN.— By the erection
of three new buildings for the New York
State College of Agriculture a new quad¬
rangle will be formed on the Cornell
campus. The Legislature last year
provision for three buildings” by aDpropri- £I'ad<,‘;
ating $250,000. More are to be built latex-.
The other stockholders yielded , in£ °* financial tricks m six years, and decided to establish a new quadrangle of perhaps 150 miles, wh
ms’s entreaties to assign their stock ,‘arn- »«!« W. brazen SKorSLh? souttem'Sfie “m the “we”? to ’°ta aVZV'V'pa*
i. It amounted tn ahnnf non indifference to them. TTe is now trvmcr mm ... ^ ^ ion nmimio • nok- or ,,
to him. It amounted to about $1,500,000.
That was six years ago. With the excep¬
tion of a few payments that we forced
him to make when we first received
paid a single one of these obligations.
We have now about 75 of these claims,
aggregating nearly $30,000 and interest
for six years. Two-thirds of the stock¬
holders never received a cent; and the
other third, who wisely took what they
could get from the receiver, never got
liar. _ The others may be truthful, but the
liar is all the others in one.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — The Department of Justice
.. „„ - . - - o-- March 3 began action under the Sherman
the 13 per cent promised by Lewis, and an.ti-trust law to dissolve the so-called elec-
Members of the State Fair Commission,
headed by Lieutenant Governor Conway
and State Commissioner of Agriculture
Pearson, conferred with Governor Dix
March 2 and explained to the Governor
the plans for the development of the fair
and the improvements of the grounds at
Syracuse. The Commissioners told the
Governor the next move in the wav of im¬
proved buildings should be to provide
seed quoted now at $1. All kinds of
garden stuff does exceedingly well, especial-
ly cabbage, onions and potatoes. Onions
IasEi'"a11 were s°ld by the producer at $1
to $1.50 per bushel ; cabbages weighing
from 20 to 40 pounds each at two cents
per pound. This is that part of Nebraska
where you get 640 acres by giving Uncle
Sam $lo and agree to live on the land five
years. I spent five years on one of these
never will. Note the cvniral h„mnr- ,tr«st A Petition was filed in tbe cattle building and a fruit buifding. It claims. I made a specialty of the Kolb’s
rnv cynical humor. United States Circuit Court at Cleveland, ^as estimated that these buildings could gem watermelon, also tlie Peerless for late ;
any tmei may assume personal responsi- Ohio, by William L. Day, United States b? constructed according to tentative plans Ejnerald Gem and Hackensack muskmelons
bihty for your money when he nicks P1.8trict Attorney, against the General Elec- alteady prepared for $200,000 each. The ’" r’ — - - - -
your pocket and if this assnnno rplip^ec gric Company, the Westinghouse Electric Commissioners also ui-ged the moving of
yuui pucKti, ana ii tins assurance relieves Company, the National Electric Lamp Com- tbe racetrack and improvement to tbe
your anxiety tor your money you will Pai?y and thirty-two other defendants, al- grandstand at a cost of $40,000. The com-
not suffer through the theft. Now read th.ey • had .entered into a ’con-
this : »pira<;y
in. restraint of trade and praying
i°r the dissolution of this alleged combi-
“PeoDle^s^nfto^Stnt tb<T,f'aRiEal. stock of partment tlds^acfion0 i^one^of^the'most
gooedOP^iSthLnS SS^oS?; ! ^ad“2S2 ^POrtant br0USht by the
fidence in Lewis and have waited with com-
mendahlp nntionpo frn* him
mendable patience for him to make good his
many promises. I have written him repeat¬
edly in protest at his extravagant use of
our money in his schemes, but get no an¬
swer, except once when I informed him un¬
less I heard why the promised dividend had
not been paid I should employ a lawyer to
secure an answer. I received an answer
.. - . . ught by the government since
the suits against the American Tobacco
Company and the Standard Oil Company
were instituted two years ago. The elec¬
trical _ trust, so-called, is declared to have
a capital stock close to $1,000,000,000 and
is said to control practically all of the
business in electrical supplies in the
mission for the present year is seeking an
increased appropriation from the State for
premiums. Governor Dix told the com¬
mission that in his opinion it might plan
for a like appropriation for premiums to
that given last year, which was $42,000.
If it is possible to give an increase the
matter will receive consideration during the
legislative session.
A number of vegetable growers, repre¬
sentative of widely separated sections of
the State, gathered at the New York State
College of Agriculture at Cornell Univer¬
sity, Ithaca, during farmers’ week, for the
purpose of forming an association. A cora-
TJnited States and the world. The suit be-
glJa in. Cleveland is against only one pool,
expected to
<Tw.inoi '■unuuio, i (. is auee«i. tne _
tuck. The executive committee consists of
the president and secretary and the follow¬
ing additional members : Ezra A. Tuttle
Eastport, L. I., chairman ; G. M. Keller,
Brighton (Rochester) ; W. L. Bonney, Ba¬
tavia. Those who are ini ' '
ErLn<i\pali f!aj,LIK l-uos« wno naa saie or more than 97 per cent of the in-
,nanUf-tU^ the
The Kolb’s Gem averaged about 30 pounds
many weighing 40 pounds, planted on sod
using no fertilizer, melons bringing 50 to
cents each. A little over a year ago
I entered the employ of the railroad com¬
pany ; since that time have had to buv
everything but milk and eggs. Butter Is
hard to get during the Winter months- I
mean country butter; creamery butter ’re-
tailed at 35 cents per pound, country butter
at 30 cents. Creamery now 30 cents
country, 20. In the long run I believe the
creamery is the cheaper of the two as
some of the country butter was ranker
than the proverbial Limburger cheese Fees
brought 40 cents per dozen at the 'stores
and none to be had at that. The mer-
chants handle the cold storage product dur¬
ing the Winter. In Denver, the hen fruit
brought 60 cents at the stores or commis-
fJanwb0“ses- m.Tbese Prices were during
the Winter. The greatest problem here is
the fruit question. Being raised in an
apple tree and under a grape vine in Cen¬
tral Iowa, where strawberries grew wild
and raspberries and blackberries in abun-
ise, but like all his others it failed to ma¬
terialize. Now, I would like to know if I
ouTofTL'P11 h°pe 0f g,)tting tbat $1,000
Massachusetts.
Imagine if you can the sentiment of
March 5 fire in the business section of
Minneapolis, Minn., caused a loss of
$1,;>00,000. It swept through the Syndi¬
cate Block on Nicollet avenue, destroying
one-third of the block.
dance as the children of Israel longed
^r't?e,.fleshi)0ta of EgYPt. so we long for
the fruits of the tree and vine. Grapes
.^tailed last year for 45 cents per 8-pound
basket. The local merchant rceiv<><! nine
•i\r0xinterLstrd are urged cents per basket as his commission ex-
to get in touch with the officers and help press about seven cents per bfsket
co^,‘i1«ce. .« pave no idea what _ the" jobb^ and&th!
j-iiiciKinc ii von nn thp .Two Persons lost their lives in a fire alread;v appointed and at work. Others are
this m-j,, y i n the sentiment of which destroyed the Loch Crystal Hotel at to itaKe up Questions of transportation,
this man and thousands like him, who Lake View, N. C., March 6 The Loch marketing, cultural problems, and the for-
cm «sehoodeif‘ren1ing and outrage; sss t\*« wts &te„i, s5jyoooec^a s,u,ssa«^i!fnnsy^„^iati<,M
insurance ol $20,000. ‘ ^ ^ _.%.«« ,^»ge
though credited to an employee.
Lewis got this money by promising
an independence to anyone who invest* , — - -
ed $500. He was to out uo dollar for thfi Pr°duce Exchange Safe Deposit
^ put up aonar for Company, when it was discoverer!
dollar with the people. Experienced
bankers were to be on the board. The
funds were to be invested in Govern¬
ment bonds, neither Lewis nor any of*-
ficer was to borrow from the bank. Lewis
never invested a dollar. The board was
his employees. The funds were not in¬
vested in U. S. bonds. In three months
after the bank opened Lewis and his
enterprises had borrowed nearly a mil-
Bonds amounting to $85,000 were stolen
from Aaron Bancroft, an aged New York
broker, March 2. The fact was not learned
until March 6, when an envelope supposed
to contain them was taken from the vaults
of the Produce Exchange Safe Deposit
Company, when it was discovered that the
envelope contained only copies of an eve
mng newspaper. The thieves had appar
months the time during which food prod¬
ucts may be held in cold storage ware¬
houses, passed the New York State Assem-'
bly March 8. An attempt will be made
to hold it up in the Senate.
NO PARCELS POST.^ — The provision in
the post office , appropriation bill authoriz¬
ing the establishment of an evnerimonf-ni
that the theft was committed in a corri¬
dor leading to the safe deposit vaults. Mr.
Bancroft says that he remembers meeting
two men in the corridor, one of whom
bumped into him, causing him to drop the
package and his hat. The two men pre¬
tended to assist him, he says, and one of
lion dollars of the funds. The State of- SoSJlV Se?£ KSSay
ficers^ closed the bank; and the Post Of- substituted. y p ge was
* vanguard of an exodus of farmer
folk from Holland arrived in New Y’ork
March 1 by the Holland-Amerlea steamship
Noordam. There were 400 on it, men,
women and children. One of the farmers.
fice Department issued fraud orders. If
Lewis had been permitted to continue
to run the bank and to increase its cap¬
ital stock by money collected from the „ ^ u . -
people, and then to use the money for E ““head faStif ha'i' n/ ““ooo
his own purposes, no one can estimate and all are bound for Iowa, Wisconsin’ and
the suffering and loss that he would Tbe conditions for tenant uuu uivmion or tne Atlantic fleet con - -
co^h ^b°^tr ustetf him ^ ^
with their money, and brought the bank ^downers of Holland we’re driving the f<>1 ,nr,"A*a f -
* - - . - - iaF^ers away. He believes that more than
ized the postmaster-general to accept for
delivery on rural routes packages not ex¬
ceeding 11 pounds in weight containing no
first-class matter and to report to Congress at
its next session the result of the experi¬
ment. This provision had the approval of
the postmaster-general.
ADMINISTRATION.— March 7, the army
and navy of the United States united in a
formidable military demonstration for the
protection of American and other foreign
properties in Mexico. It includes 20,000
troops (or two- thirds of the regular army
now in the United States). In addition to
these troops 2,000 marines, practically all
on ^ ae, Atlantic coast, are under orders to
proceed immediately to Guantanamo, which
I?, w‘tbln *tr)king distance of Mexico, and
the fifth division of the Atlantic fleet, con-
cio + inn* (Dm . . : _ _ ,
.. — jobber and the first
buyer each received. The producer surely
doesn t make an over-burdensome profit
from his vineyard. 1
We bought nine barrels of apples during
the early Fall and Winter, which cost us
(about 300 miles distant) from $2.25 to
$-..,;) per barrel, loO pounds ; freight $1.35
per barrel and we thought them fine; they
ran from 1% inch in diameter to 3 inches
But m November the better half took a trip
out into Utah, not far from Salt Lake, and
the apples she brought back put the others
to shame. She said that far better apples
were rotting on the ground in Utah than
we were buying at $3.60 per barrel, and
° ““ some flavor to them
were certainly fine.
, - have here Is tbe sand
cherry, which grows abundantly every¬
where and is about like the Black Morcllo-
bushes from one to two feet high fruit
not sour, usually injured by late freezes
Nurserymen list these as Rocky Mountain
cherries at 20 cents each. ^ouutuin
H: makes me smile when I look through
the flower catalogues and see Yucca liU-
memtosa described as such a lovely plant
do to «0 cents each). Out here we call
them soapweeds and there are millions of
frnie’fi tbat’s the way we flower and
fruit fiends get taken in. f. h bkooks
Grant Co., Nebraska. bkooks.
Seed Drill : Vetch. — On page 195 there
is an inquiry in regard to a new seeding
A double disk drill with a
attachment, and an attach-
machine.
to ruin The million dollars had to be 8?000 of his countrymen” will” hind” here
accounted for. The bank was closed *bis year. The immigrants left all their
by the State of Missouri for the benefit implements behind them, converting
of its depositors and stockholders, hut ttw ea°n gS'fcttS- T/ sm7 ife'eX
they were not told the real state of af~ bere for less money.
fairs. The State did not publish a paper;
Lewis did. Like the guilty cur at the
first swish of the lash, he set up a terrible
The bank had been assassinated
through a conspiracy, he told the people.
He alone could and would save it. He
must have a free hand. Piteously he ap¬
pealed to them to stand by him in the
dark hour, intimating he had a private
tortune, and pledging everything he had
call for troops includes detachments from
|vo^ important military post in the United
The President March 7 accepted the
thrice proffered resignation of Richard A.
Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior, and
announced that Walter L. Fisher of Chi¬
cago, had been appointed Mr. Ballinger’s
successor. Mr. Ballinger based his resig-
S3S S3*
tty : n ssb, ’a % sMss®?*
year term for the bribery of supervisors
during the regime of Mayor Eugene F.
Schmitz. As a final concession, Ruef was
removed from the jail to the ferryboat in
a taxicab, instead of in the regular van.
Ruef anticipated the usual prison rcgula-
t ions by having his mustache removed and
his hair cropped before his departure.
V arden Hoyle, of San Quentin says that
much interested in your “Hairy vetch' arts
cles. . We planted 27 acres last fall; came
so fnr'^hi/w- +as beCrn covere<1 with snow
so far this Winter. I am in hopes it will
prove out to our satisfaction. if it does
will probably plant three or four time!
that amount the coming Autumn. n f
Hale, Mich.
Syphoning Water to Barn. — I wish to
get running water to my barn. I have
or 1S200 anever-fai1iagspriiig, about 1,000
oi 1,200 feet away. There is a hill be-
fmm" fhoe JllUL the bar“; the raise
takes occasion to declare with emnlmsis from Y .k 1 : earn; the ra
*»p“e ss &
ZBhZr ffi. ^ UWS SJSS
tc cause trouble? I should like to heir
from any of your readers that had any
experience along this line. s y
Grantsville, Md. '
at the methods of those who assailed him
declaring that he lias been “the subject of
one or the most unscrupulous conspiracies
for defamation of character that history
can show. The Secretary March 7 in
a statement given out at the Interior De-
March 18,
360
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
“IT IS NOT YOURS, O MOTHER.”
It is not yours, O mother, to complain,
Not, mother, yours to weep,
Though nevermore your son again
Shall to your bosom creep,
Though nevermore again you watch your
baby sleep.
Though in the greener paths of earth,
Mother and child, no more
We wander; and no more the birth
Of me whom once you bore,
Seems still the brave reward that once it
seemed of yore ;
Though as all passes, day and night,
The seasons and the years,
From you, O mother, this delight,
This also disappears —
Some profit yet survives of all your pangs
and tears.
The child, the seed, the grain of corn,
The acorn on the hill,
Each for some separate end is born
In season fit, and still
Each must in strength arise to work the
almighty will.
So from the hearth the children flee,
By that almighty hand
Austerely led; so one by sea
Goes forth, and one by land;
Nor aught of all man’s sons escape from
that command.
So from the sally each obeys
The unseen almighty nod,
So till the ending all their ways
Blindfolded loth have trod;
Nor knew their task at all, but were the
tools of God.
And as the fervent smith of yore
Beat out the glowing blade,
Nor wielded in the front of war
The weapons that he made,
But in the tower at home still plied hi*
ringing trade ;
So like a sword the son shall roam
On nobler missions sent;
And as the smith remained at home
In peaceful turret pent,
So sits the while at home the mother well
content.
— Robert Louis Stevenson.
♦
Japanese bamboo baskets are among
the fashionable flower holders. They
are stained dark brown, shading ,to
ivory white where the bamboo has been
polished, and woven in all sorts of
quaint and irregular shapes. They are
lined with metal, so that they will hold
water, and cost from $1 up to about $25.
*
Deep collars and simple little fichus
are among the Spring dress trimmings.
The collars are often of the fichu shape,
opening in a V at the neck. Very fine
mull or batiste, edged with lace, is liked
for both, and there should be turn-back
cuffs to match. The fine muslin fichu
will make a pretty trimming on wash
dresses.
*
Among materials shown for wedding
gowns the most fashionable is white
crepe meteor, which is soft, lustrous, and
yet with sufficient body to flow into
graceful lines. It is 40 to 42 inches wide,
and costs $2 to $4 a yard. Satin char-
meuse has a crepe weave, and this 44
inches wide, costs $3.50 a yard. Plain
white satins, 36 inches wide, cost $1.25
to $2 a yard.
A novel idea in apple pie is thus re¬
ported by the New York Sun : ;
“I had a piece of apple pie at an up-
State country hotel last week,” said a
down-town lawyer, “that was good
enough to justify me in asking for
more and then getting the recipe, and
this is it: At the point where in ordi¬
nary pie making the lid would be glued
on spread over the apples thin slices of
bacon fried very crisp and brown, then
put on the cover and bake. Good? Well,
tfy it.” *
The Melbourne Australasian recently
figured pictures of a colony of wild cats
near Broken Hill, New South Wales.
They appear to be descendants of house
cats which had been thrown on their
own resources and which had taken up
their abode in rabbit holes. These cats
are increasing fast, and it is said that
THE rural NEW-YORKER
they are already diminishing the rabbits
in places. As the rabbit is the greatest
plague of Australian agriculture, these
cats are really helpful, though one can
realize that they, too, may become a
nuisance in turn, like the mongoose in
the West Indies.
*
We often use peroxide of hydrogen
diluted -as a tooth wash, and also un¬
portions. The waist is cut in one \\ ith
the sleeves that are of three-quarter
length. The skirt is cut in four gores
and the two are joined by means of a
belt. The right front of the gown laps
well over the left and the closing is
made invisibly. For the 16 year size will
be required 554 yards of material 24 or
27 inches wide, 4j4 yards 36 or 3J4 yards
44 inches wide with 54 yard of satin for
trimming. The pattern No. 6882 is cut
in sizes for misses and small woman of
14, 16 and 18 years of age; price 10
cents.
The smaller pictures show 6934, blouse
or shirt waist, 34 to 42 bust. 3T/s yards
of material 27 inches wide, 2J4 yards
36, V/& yard 44, J4 yard of all-over em¬
broidery, 1 yard of ruffling for medium
size. 6937, girl’s dress, with body and
sleeves in one, and straight plaited
skirt, 8, 10 and 12 years. 4J4 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 3 yards 36, 2y$
yards 44, V/z yard of banding for 10
year size. 6900, waist with yoke and
sleeves in one for misses and ^ small
women, 14, 16 and 18 years. 1/4 yard
of material 21 inches wide, ?4 yard 27,
54 yard 44, for full portion of blouse,
1 J4 yard 20, 1J4 yard 27, 54 yard 44, for
yoke with sleeves, J4 yard 18 inches
wide, 254 yards of banding for 16 year
size. 6871, five-gored skirt for misses
and small women, 14, 16 and 18 years.
554 yards of material 27 inches wide,
314 yards 36, or 44, when material has
figure or nap, 454 yards 27 inches wide,
254 yards 36 or 44 when material has
neither figure nor nap, for 16 year size.
6936.three or two-piece skirt with simu¬
lated tunic, 22 to 32 waist. 5-)4 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 254 yards 44 or
52 for two-piece skirt, 4J4 yards 27, 4
yards 44 or 52 for three-piece width of
skirt at lower edge 2 yards, for me¬
dium size. 6920, coat with sailor or
round collar, with or without revers, 34
to 44 bust. 5 yards of material 27 inches
wide, 2 Yz yards 44 or 52, 354 yards of
banding, for medium size; price of each
30 cents.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and vou’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
Every housewife must have an AUTOMATIC
Vacuum Cleaner. It saves taking up the
carpets and it keeps the carpets, rugs, uphols-
tered furniture, mattresses, pillows, etc.,
clean and sanitary every day in the year. It
brings out the colors bright and fresh, raises
the nap, making the carpets wear longer and
soft to walk upon.
Three
Quarts
of
Solid Dirt
Pumped
From One
“Clean”
Rug’
6882 House Gown for Misses and
Small Women, 14, 16 and 18 years,
diluted around the base of the nails to
loosen and remove hangnails. A friend
tells us that another use for it is to
remove scorch from clothes. W et a
cloth in peroxide, wring tight, lay over
the scorched place and iron with a hot
iron; the discoloration will entirely dis¬
appear. No doubt this is due to the
bleaching effect of peroxide, which is
one of the materials used to produce
artificially blond hair. It is a poweiful
disinfectant, being used to cleanse ab¬
scesses and indolent sores. V e have
found it comforting and healing to
broken chilblains.
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns ahvays give
number of pattern and ineasui ement de¬
sired.
The pretty bouse dress shown is an
excellent model for misses or small
women. It is finished with the big col¬
lar that marks the season and it is closed
at the left side. It can be utilized for
wool materials and for washable ones
with equal propriety. The skirt _ is
slightly high waisted, and that line is a
smart and very generally becoming one.
The gown is made with waist and skirt
Send for Our Free Book and Learn
of the Many Ways You Can Save
Money About the Home by Using
- Made in 18 Color,
and Natural- (Clear) Renew,
Everything from Cellar to Garret.
1aD-a-lac is a stain, varnish and enamel combined. It
comes already for use. You need no skill whatever to apply
it All you do is simply to spread it on with a brush. It has
a thousand and one uses. For example, there is nothing
like it for putting a sanitary, permanent covering on you
kitchen table. It costs less than oilcloth, wears 1 forevei
Oilcloth isn’t lasting and only sanitary until it begins to
crack, and you know that within a few weeks of use it is
bound to peel and within a few months it must be replaced.
Every time you wash it it grows a little hit more smelly. By
ordering a can of white Jap-a-lac today and applying it o
the wood you can have a pertectly clean, waterproof table
which can be washed in an instant and be kept always
sweet and wholesome. , . . .
You can take your old chairs and with a few minutes
wotk have them looking brand new. You can paint your
ice box or reftigerator. You can take the paper o your
pantry shelves arid give them a waterproof cover of Jap a lac
which instantly puts them into a sanitary condition.
Jap-a-lac saves money and makes money for those who
use it. It is unsurpassed for renewing floors, for restoring lino-
lerim and oilcloth, for wainscoting rooms, for recoating worn
out tin and zinc bath tubs, for brightening woodwork of all
sorts, for coating pantry shelves
and kitchen tables, for varnish¬
ing pictures (when thinned
with turpentine) for gilding
picture frames; for restoring
go-carts and wagons, for re¬
painting trunks and enameling
sinks, for restoring chairs,
tables, iron beds, book cases
and many other things— all of
which are explained in a little
book w'hich you can have for a
little request on a post card.
Jap-a-lac is for sale in. at
least, one store in every town.
If your dealer happens to be
out of the color you want he
can get it. Insist on Jap-a lac.
There is no substitute. You
can’t get the results you wish
with anything else. There is
only one Jap-a-lac and that is
made by The Glidden Varnish
Co. Be sure and send today
for the free book— it gives all
the facts. A post card will do.
Write it now. Address
This picture shows three quarts of dirt
pumped out of a 10x12 rug which the house¬
wife had just swept. The AUTOMATIC
pumps dirt out of the texture of the carpet
inst as you would pump water from a well.
Ind it sets every atom of dirt dust, moths
aud every form of microbe, and without re-
niT h e * A UTO M A T I C is sold with a guarantee
to be the Best Hand Vacuum Cleaner on ti e
M arket, to have the strongest suction, to clean
the carpets cleaner, to outlast any three other
cleaners on the market. We guarantee it for
20yeai'S’ WE WANT
LIVE FARMERS
We want a live man in each town, village
and post-office to sell AUTOMATIC Vacuum
Cleaners. Experience is not necessary. In
fact many of our best agents are farmers and
farmers’ sons wbo never bad seen a vacuum
cleaner before they received ours. ..
The AUTOMATIC practically sells itself.
Simply show it to the customer and let her
clean a few square yards of her own carpet
and she is convinced then and there.
THIS AGENT
SOLD OVER 300
W O Orwig, a farmer, of Prairie Gity, Ill.,
sold' more than 300 and made a fine profit.
J. A. Hamitt, a farmer, of Atlanta, 111., sola
125 machines. „ _ T11
P, A. Swadley. of Downs, Ill., sold 2a 0
U1 These men are all landowners and are sell¬
ing cleaners on the side to people in their own
neighborhoods, and ate but a few of the
scores who are doingthe same at an excellent
profit.
Send $25.00 today for an AUTOMATIC, try
it for ten days, give it the most thorough tests
you can, and if you do not find it satisfactory
in every respect, and better than any cleaner
you ever saw, we’ll refund your money,
HANDSOME BOOKLET
FREE
Write for our free illustrated booklet and
liberal offer to agents.
AUTOMATIC VACUUM
CLEANER COMPANY
76th Street, Bloomington, Ill.
IS
The
Trade Bark j
Not
In a
Trust.
’Century
BOOT!
M (Beacon Falls Brand)
_^If you had rubber I
'boots made to order, I
IF you couldn’t have
/them made better than!
I the CENTURY BOOT.
■ It is made of the best I
rubber produced. The I
l. vamp 18 made extra I
. strong. To prevent 1
.cracking at anklet
an extra pure
„ , , .. gum, no-crack I
Made from the ankle rein-L
best Rubber pro- forcemeat is |
duced in the World used.
IT IS THE CHEAPEST
because best-best In material, best in workmanship,
and best for wear. Those facts are also true of the en I
tire1 Beacon Falls line. When you wiu't a hiKh gradel
satisfactory rubber boot or shoe, insist that you *>6i
shown goods bearing the Cro«8. It ^ ^ooisfrom I
and service. If you can’t secure Century Boots ir-om ■
your dealer, write us. Send his name. Wewtl see that
you are supplied. Send for Ulus crated booklet.
BEACON FALLS RUBBER SHOE Co.j
New York Chicago Boston
1911.
Beginning to Know Birds.
To get the deepest enjoyment out of
country living we must come in touch
with out-of-door life at as many points,
or else as thoroughly in some certain
lines, as we can. One Gilbert White, who
lived in Hampshire, England (1720-1793)
so delighted in the simple sights and
sounds of his country home anl so mag¬
nified his privilege of observing and re¬
counting all he saw that many of us
love him, though kings and statesmen,
bishops and jurists of his day are for¬
gotten. Not only do the sciences of
woodlands and fields never grow out of
date, but we ourselves must live to be
like the old man of “As You Like It,
“Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans
everything,” before we need lose our
pleasure in our field studies.
People from cities and villages form
classes and tramp miles, book in hand,
trying to learn to know the birds. They
finally succeed in recognizing most of
them by sight, and possibly by sound, and
great is the satisfaction they get from
the excursions and in knowing some¬
thing about one of the natural sciences.
Books for the bird student’s use are no
longer expensive. Circulating libraries
hold, in nearly every town, a shelf ful
of pleasant reading about birds. Some
good manual for instant reference is
necessary for those who care to increase
their acquaintance with feathered neigh¬
bors, but it need not be an expensive
volume. Even the little “Bird Guide”
by Chester A. Reed, a book scarcely
larger than your hand, and easy to slip
in the pocket or reticule, will do very
well if there is a library to which puz¬
zling questions can be taken for more
extended reading up. The pictures of
this little “Guide” are somewhat colored
and sufficiently accurate for identifica¬
tion and the book is inexpensive.
A good field glass is, of course, the pet
possession of every bird gazer, but we
need not wait to own one before begin¬
ning to know the birds. We who live
where the birds are can manage to get
good, enough looks at their markings to
identify all the larger sorts and there is
work for more than one Summer in
studying the varieties we can see with-
out the help of lenses. But a notebook
should be counted a necessity; keep it
near at hand during April, May and
June, and write down all you see, all
you think you know, with memoranda
of things you want to know. None of
us will produce a “Natural History of
Selborne” masterpiece, but we shall re¬
member more accurately if we mean to
write out what we see, anl to be able
to turn back to former encounters with
a puzzling stranger is a great help as
well as satisfaction* Leave an inch
space at the top of each page and write
there the names of the birds mentioned
below. Underlining the name of the
bird your note is about will further aid
in looking up former impressions. Al¬
ways date each entry, and number the
book s pages, and write the year at each
left hand top corner if you like to have
things perfectly available. You can then
refer back to notes of the years before
or make an index of the warblers identi¬
fied, or of any line of special work you
grow interested in. This is a better plan
than trying to keep all Springtime entries
together, Autumn notes by themselves,
and so on. Nor is it possible to say
our say about any particular bird except
in detached paragraphs as knowledge is
gleaned. When you see an unfamiliar
bird stare at it with all your eyes, mean¬
while. repeating over to yourself a definite
description of what you see; as, for in¬
stance, “not quite so large as a catbird
but a little that build, a good deal of
black above, but belly white, white
patches on wings and some on tail, some
color (red or brown) along sides.”
Watch the bird for as long as you can,
for its behavior is also a guide to its’
identity, but keep the words of your de¬
scription echoing in mind till you can
flee to your notebook and there set them
down. This done, you are ready for
work with your manual, or “Bird
Guide,’ or whatever authorities you have
to consult. Your note written, y®u may
blur memory all over with mental pic-
tures of other birds you read about, but
still there stands, in black and white,
the record of your visual impressions so
necessary to your search.
,,,S.u<ih, a book as Mrs. Mabel Osgood
Wright s “Citizen Bird” gives one ideas
as to the families to which birds belong.
You learn after watching birds a while
to say to yourself, when you have seen
a bird sitting on a dead limb and dart¬
ing off after insects captured on the
wing, "Probably one of the flycatchers.”
If your bird hammers the bark of a tree
you soon know where to place him. If
he is a tiny midget and is always on the
move, dashing about in the treetops and
perhaps lisping a wheezy little note, you
feel perfectly safe in searching for his
name among the warblers.
In the back of your notebook, or per¬
haps in a separate arrangement with
pages long from left to right, begin
setting down the dates of the Spring
arrivals of your feathered friends. Once
undertaken, such a record becomes of
lively interest to a country dweller. If
you have time for roaming afield you
learn where to look for the first robins
and redwings. If you must wait for
them to appear in your dooryard to the
joy of welcoming them is still added the
zest of knowing upon what date they
first gladdened the place the season be¬
fore. One way of keeping such a record
is to write the names of all the birds
down the left hand margin of the page.
Have the paper ruled and then draw
vertical lines perhaps three-fourths of
an inch apart. At the top of these up-
and-down spaces place the year’s figures.
I hen you need write but the month and
day m the space against the bird’s
name. As the years pass you will come
to have, on one . line across the page,
the story of the bird’s earliest appearing.
There will be blanks where you forgot
to record date, years when there was
sickness, or a visit from home or other
interruption. But the longer your
memoranda grows the more you will
value it. For reasons of accuracy as
well as proprietorship it is best to ac¬
cept nobody’s dates, but to stick to your
own harvests of ear and eye.
But, after all, is it worth while to
learn to know the birds? Ask anyone
who has given the pastime a fair grip
upon the affections and do not fear but
you . will have contracted a like en¬
thusiasm after even a season’s trial.
_ _ A. M. T.
How to Preserve Goose Grease
\V hen I have any goose grease, after
it is rendered I put it in bottles, and to
every pint I put in 10 cents worth of
camphor gum, set it into a can of hot
water and set it on the back of the
stove until melted. Then use it just as
you would camphor oil, to rub all sore
joints or painful feet; it never gets bad,
the older the better. - e. k.
Buckwheat Griddle Cakes.
He had never said anything like it be¬
fore, but the first time she tried the
recipe in her precious “Boston Cook
-Book for buckwheat griddle cakes the
young husband remarked, “These cakes
are very good, Mary, but I think the
ones my mother used to make were a
little better.” Thereupon Mary, like a
sensible young woman, sat down, not to
9ry> , u(j write to her mother-in-law
m Rhode Island for directions for mak-
mg' those superior cakes. She has used
the recipe for 20 years, and if the bat¬
ter is baked on a hissing hot griddle
well greased with butter or lard, the
cakes are a rich brown, tender and de
licious : One and one-half cups buck
wheat, one-half cup flour, one table¬
spoonful cornmeal, pinch of salt, one-
fourth of a yeast cake or two-thirds of
a cup of yeast. Mix witli warm water
and put in a warm place over night. In
the morning add one level teaspoonful
soda dissolved in a little warm water
and one tablespoonful of molasses. If
there is any of the batter left, save it to
mix with next time instead of yeast.
LOUISE PRINCE FREEMAN.
l HE KUKAU NEW-YORKEK
SPEAR Will Trust You
Wherever You Live— Write
For His Free Catalog
A Personal
Word
/ »
The rich and
prosperous class
can always com¬
mand the lux¬
uries of life, but
the average
home lover needs
the Spear System
of Credit to the
Nation. I want
1,000,000 families
to say of me:—
He helped us
to furnish and
beautify our
homes.” I ask
for no higher tri¬
bute to my life’s
work. Write for
my Free Catalog.
NS “*i!t6rvwher9 TOU li v0> you cm buy everything needed
tor the homo from us on credit and on easy payments
„„ „to Bult your convenience. All you noed to do is to mail
na your name and address and we will at once send you.
»ro«, our Mammoth Home Furnishing Catalog, con¬
taining illustrations from photographs and full des¬
criptions of thousands of articles in Furniture, Rugs,
Carpets and Home Furnishings sold by US on long time,
open account, easy credit terms. 6
Credit Buying Made Easy
,tho ajA of the Bie SPenr Bargain Catalogue you
can select anything you want from hundrods of articles In
Refrigerators, Washing Machines,
Carpels, Clocks, Baby Carriages,
J*u0», Sowing Machines, Go-Carts,
Stoves, Phonographs, Silverware,
Ranges, Dishes, Ac., Ac.. Ac.
th o a,vnstly larger and better stock than even
rl^ht>a?^M>me^wl,h*'yeur’faui^lly0at<yourIolbow.OUr se*ec*;'ona
Pay When Convenient
Your credit Is good with us. Why not use ltt
Under our liberal, open account, easy payment plan
you can have overy possible advantage In buying for
your home possessed by the moBt favored and well-
to-do-shopper in the city stores. Our credit sys-
ext0nded t0 honestpoople, everywhere, ro-
gardloss of their income. You need not deny yonr-
eelf any article of household comfort or luxury on
account of a lack of ready cash. Solect what you
want from our Catalog, pay a little cash down and
a little each month
This Beautiful
Brussels Rug
Is only one of
v many great
l^rug bargains
shown In
, the Spear
Catalog.
Send
for It
now!
Brussols Rug, 9x12—
SI. 50 down — 76o
per month
Only S2.2B Down and
SI. OO Per Month
Our Prices Are The Lowest
Whilo our credit terms are the most liberal in the
■“ eofintry, yet> onr prices are the lowest.
Ihis is bocauseofour immonso purchas¬
ing power and enormous volume of sales.
YVo buy goods in such vast quantities
thatwe securo better prices than would
bo possible to smaller concerns, and
by extending our business to tens of
thousands of customers all over the
country, we can afford to accept just
one small addod profit from each sale.
We allow no store or factory on earth
to undersell ns. Got our prices and
be your own judge of whether or not we
save you from 20 to 50 por .cent on your
homo furnishings.
Take A Month To Decide
Anything yon select from
. our Bargain Catalog will
1 be shipped on approval.
Keep the goods 30 days,
then decide to buy or re¬
turn at our expense. Ifyou
ore not fully satisfied, the
goods jnay be shipped back
to ns at onr expense and wo
will rofund your monoy.
Big Rocker Bargain
A largo, comfortable, solid oak
Rocker with high, widebaek, fully
tufted and buttonod with heavy
Ml ill n/l n .1 C . .. J. J _ V *'•1
Collapsible
Go-Carts,
—76c down
60c ■ month
Order No. \sk*v j
r 531 MRra ramed edge. Boat is large and 1
_ _ *V. OOM. roomy, upholstered with high-grado ’
Ppipa (til ftl? black Sylvan leather over full steel
Flll/t? $‘l*ri/') spring construction, and has a boautifully ruf-
n 1 edg0 ,to ^match back. Construction is solid
Terms 75c Casb I01/*?0 °.alc throughout, with high gloss golden
With Ordpp finish. Arms are wide, front posts of handsome
wwis“ design. Satisfaction guaranteed or money back.
Balance Payable 50c Monthly Write For Free Catalog Today
SPEAR & COMPANY, Department 19MM Pittsburg, Pa.
Makes drudgery in a hot kitchen a thing
of the pa-st. Start your meals — put into
cooker- go calling-return to find hot
meal ready to serve. Can't over-cook.
Makes food more savory,— Saves half fuel.
much food. Satisfaction guaranteed _ _
write for free catalog,— information
about free trial offer,— easy payment
plan,— and we will send you a
Coffee Percolator Free
that gives you as finely brewed
coffee as can bo had in the most
expensive restaurants. Saves cof¬
fee. Write now.
W.R.RoYCEM^“5BY?g*
THE GREATEST
results in cases of weak di¬
gestion are obtained from
SCOTT'S EMULSION
because when ordinary foods
do not digest, it provides the
needed nourishment in
highly concentrated form.
Scott’s Emulsion
is so easily digested that its
strength is rapidly absorbed
by the youngest babe or
most delicate adult.
SCOTT'S EMULSION
is the food that strengthens
the race, all druggists
Electric Lights make the brightest, safest,
cleanest and most reliable lighting system
known for farms and country homes, r The
Dayton Electric Lighting Outfits are low in
cost, easy to install, cost almost nothing to
operate. Give you better lights than most city
people enjoy. Write today lor complete illus¬
trated catalog showing outfits, fixtures, etc.
DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO.
231 St. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
BROWN’S
Bronchial Troches
can be depended upon to relieve Sore Throat,
Hoarseness, Coughing Spells and all lung affec¬
tions. They have done thissfor half a century.
Absolutely harmless— contain no opiates.
Price, 25c, 50c and $1.00. Sample free
John I. Brown & Son Boston, Maas.
WE SHIPHIPPROVAl
mthout a cent deposit, prepay the frelgh
and allow to DAYS FREE TRIAL.
■J ® COSTS one cent to learn ou
UnH*?r* °f prices and marvelous offer.
on highest grade 1911 model bicycles*
FACTORY PRICES SSlA
a RJJr of ttr?s *roni anyone at any pric,
until you write for our large Art Catalog
; and learn iour "wonder ful proposition on fin
sample bicycle going to your town.
RIDER AGENTS
money exhibiting and selling our bicycles
Wo Soli cheaper than any other factory.
— TIRES, Coastar-Brakerearwheelo,
J, repairs and all sundries at half usual prices.
Do Not Walt; write today for our special efftr.
MEAD CYCLE CO.f Dept. A80, CHICAGO
I^.Carpets.Curlains.Blaitos
From the
Mill
We Ptiy
Freight
Manufacturers’ prices save yon
dealers’ profits. We give a binding
guarantee of satisfaction and save
you 88 1-8 per cent. You can
buy the well-known Regal Rug,
greatest valueknown, $1.86. Splendid grade Itrua-
aels Rug, 9x12 ft., $ 1 1.
Famous In vlnclblcVcl.
vets, 9x12 ft .,$16. Stan¬
dard Axmlnnterg, 9X12
ft., $18.60, Fine quali¬
ty Lace Curtains 45c per
pair and up. Tapestry
Curtains, Wilton Rugs,
XdnoleumsatMill prices.
Write to-day for our NKW
ILLUSTRATKD CATALOG,
No. 14. Sent free. Shows lat¬
est designs in actual colors.
UNITED MILLS MFS. CO.
2451-246? JSSPEg *T.. PWU.
MARKET GARDENERS’ PAPER
Weekly Market Growers* Journal— only paper^rinted
especially for vegetable growers. $1.00 a yeai? 62 is¬
sues. £01* 10 cents and names of three market eraxdeners
we will send it ten weeks with our popular booklet
-$25,000 a Year From Twelve Acres. ^Send f oc tree
sample copies — it is the best way to judge.
Market Growers’ Journal. 541 Walker Bldg., Louisville, Ky.
WANATEE-FLORIDA
Where fortunes are made on small farms
Rowing Oranges. Grape Fruit and Veg-
_ stables. Cheap lands now available. Quick
transportation low freight rates to Eastern
and Northern markets via S. A. L. Ry. Two
.and three crops a year, net $500 to $1500
A Pff acre. Ideal climate year round — no
I freezes no extreme heat. Write for illus¬
trated booklet — it’s free — address.
J- W. WHITE, Geo’1 Industrial Aft.
?/■ i SI»BO*RO AIN LINE NY.
DCPT. A
NORFOLK, VA.
HOUSEWORK HALVED
By Syracuse “EASY” Utilities
SOLD ON TRIAL
Syracuse “ EASY ” Vacuum Washer cleans completely a tubful of clothes coarse
or delicate, in 10 minutes of easy effort. Heat water right in rust proof steel tub No
> swinging of clothes or water. Works lii-e a cistern pump. Sold on 30 days' trial.
on "marifet '* net'll! YacVum Cleaner, hand or electric, most satisfactory
SLvhi *'| (ri- tS ‘ ‘j16 dlrt Wltt’°ut railing dust, liasv to operate. Very
durable and efficient. Send for free booklet and Trial Order Form. J
DODGE & ZUILL, 224 J Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
308
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Mar< h 18,
Live Stock and Dairy
MORE ABOUT THAT HORSE COMPANY.
Referring to Mr. W. B. Otto s reply
to my story of “Our Farmers’ Horse
Company,” see page 89, I will say that
in all probability he has found it more
or less embarrassing to himself, but I
must deny that the hampering of these
horse peddling companies is injurious to
the horse industry. In fact I thoroughly
believe that these very companies have
done more to retard the introducing of
good draft horses into the Eastern States
than any one thing. While it would be
perfectly right and probably good busi¬
ness policy for a number of farmers to
get together and form a company, and
then send one of their own number to
some reliable breeder or importer and
buy a stallion, I claim that it is not
good policy to go into a company formed
by one of these “peddlers first because
the company is formed by the peddlei
with the sole idea of selling a horse and
not for the good of the purchasers.
Where the company is formed by the
seller he usually gives a bonus first to
some smooth-tongued chap to introduce
him to the farmers. Then he promises
some other chap the management of the
horse to get his influence also. This
fact in itself generally works the ruin
of the whole concern.
I have had reports from all over the
country, and they almost invariably say
that the horse got into the hands of an
incompetent man who did not properly
care for him. In fact he did not try to
give the horse the proper care, but col¬
lected good pay for little work and got
his “rake-off” in that manner. Of course
the horse is in the hands of a board of
directors nominally, but in reality the
handler of the horse is allowed to rum
him while each director hesitates about
making a row and putting the horse into
proper hands.
Mr. Otto utterly ignores another very
important thing about this company
forming. He cannot deny that just as
soon as I signed the contract I was
bound to take a share in the horse; yet
after I had signed they proceeded to add
other signers as “fillers” who might pay
or who might refuse to do so. What
protection, Mr. Otto, does a responsible
man have who signs one of yom con¬
tracts for a share of stock be foie the,
whole company has been formed? How
does he know that you will not allow
irresponsible men to sign afterwards and
that he will not be called upon to settle
for them?
Of course Mr. Otto’s talk about the
profits to be made from raising colts does
not enter at all into the question. A
stockholder must pay for his service fee
just the same as an outsider. This ser¬
vice fee is considered to be a fair re¬
compense for the horse, and when it is
paid the matter ends so far as the
horse is concerned. If the raising of the
colt proves to be a good investment that
should be credited to the general ability
of the man who raises the colt, and Mr.
Otto has no right to claim all future
profits as belonging to the horse.
j. grant horse.
and one must be well prepared in ex¬
perience and housing to be successful
with them. After trials of various
breeds, the Dorset grade has proved to
answer his purpose most satisfactorily,
and he is selecting his young stock ac¬
cordingly. The strong points of the Dor¬
set grade are that lambs come early,
and the ewes stand up well under heavy
feeding. He laid particular emphasis
on keeping the ewes always in good con¬
dition — indeed, rather too fat than too
lean. In fact, he counts on a 10 per cent
loss annually due in part to heavy feed¬
ing. As he expressed it, “I would rather
have some die fat than have the flock all
alive and lean.” He considers clover
hay essential for roughage, although
during recent years he has fed more
grain and less hay, owing to high prices.
He has not had much success in raising
Alfalfa, but believes where it can be easily
grown it would probably be an improve¬
ment over clover in the saving of grain.
He finds oats his most valuable grain
feed for milking ewes, and before they
lamb as well. Corn or bran alone does
not produce good results. His present
mixture is by measure one-third oats,
one-third crushed corn and one-third
bran, one quart per ewe at a feed, and
finds the same mixture answering well
for the young lambs. The lambs have
a special pen they can run into to feed
in and generally begin eating at three
weeks. The result of such feeding is
that the ewes and their lambs are always
in good condition and find a ready sale
in Washington market, the latter bring¬
ing $5 to $G apiece on the average, and
in the case of the earliest as high as $8.
The wool crop is also much increased
and improved by this care. The earliest
lambs sell at 35 to 40 pounds weight,
and continue to fall in price per pound
until it takes a 80 pound Spring lamb to
equal a Winter lamb in value. We must
consider, however, on the other hand,
the heavy expense of feeding and hous¬
ing in cold weather, and that Winter
lambs can only be profitably cared for by
an experienced grower, one who has the
sheep constantly in heart and mind, and
who is not afraid of being confined to
the place during the season or, of fre¬
quently losing sleep. The pay is good,
but the grower of Winter lambs earns
his money. reuben brigham.
Maryland.
CARE OF WINTER LAMBS.
At a recent meeting of our local
Orange, one of our most successful fai-
mers, who has made them a specialty,
gave a short, practical talk on Winter
lambs. He is a practical man, who after
years of hard work and sensible manage¬
ment is able to say without fear ol criti¬
cism, “Do as I do”— a reputation which
any young farmer may well spend a life¬
time of study and faithful application In
acquiring. He began with a preliminary
observation, that the writer believes well
founded in fact, that on a large farm
with plenty of pasturage and lack of in¬
telligent labor, Spring lambs are more
profitable to handle. The Winter lamb
requires heavy feeding and constant care,
THE OLD
You Only Open
Your Door •
A SHARPLES
Tubular Cream
Separator
will be delivered right at your home and set up
ready for use. You pay nothing i n advance— pay
no freight— do not haul it— do not even unbox it.
You simply open your door when the Tubular
comes. You are shown how to use it. It is
left with you for thorough. Free Trial.
90 out of 100 farmers who try Tubulars buy
Tubulars. That is because Dairy Tubulars are
1 ater than and different from all others— produce
twice the skimming force — contain
neither disks nor other contraptions —
wear alifetime— are guaranteed forever
by America’s oldest and world’s big¬
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You can prove for yourself, without
trouble o r ex¬
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can own and use
The World’s Best
for less than any
other. How can
you afford to risk
anything on any
“mailorder” ~
or other (so
called) cheap
machine that
lasts, on an
average, only
one year?
Write for
catalogue
No. 153,
and free
trial.
30
yrs
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.,
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can. W lnnlpcg. Can.
Which Way
is Best?
THE NEW
S
ol
The hard, irksome sweaty labor with a hand shear;
the tired, aching swollen wrist of the shearer;
the maimed and mangled sheep from it; the
_ . — uneven shearing, cutting the animal in some
I (Si places and leaving an inch of wool in others;
the fleece in shreds and tatters and spoiled with second cuts, OR the easy turning, fast, even shearing o. a
Stewart No. 9 Ball Bearing Machine
that anyone can do; the fleece taken off smoothly and quickly in one unbroken blanket, With every fiber at «s longest,
with not a scratch of any kind to the sheep and with all the wool secured, enough more, «
to bring you from 15c to 40c more from each sbeepi That’s wbat you can do with this Stewart No. 9 Machine.
It requires no expert labor to use a Stewart Shearing Machine. Any of the help can do it.
The machine, all complete, with ball bearings in every joint and having a ball bearing shear¬
ing head, and including four combs and four cutters, costs only .........
This machine turns easier and shears faster than any other shearing machine we have ever pro-
duced. It is a big advance over anything else on the market. Get one from your dealer or send S2 je ^1 ship
C O D. for the balance. Write today for new 1911 catalogue and our free copyrighted book, Instructions on
Shearing Sheep” by the leading American expert. _
* - 143 LaSalle Av. CHICAGO
:ewart No. 9 Machine.
*H.50
CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT COMPANY,
II O XL SES _
TITT3 PERCHERON SOCIETT
OF AMERICA
Has iust taken over all records and business
of I’brcheron llegistery Company of Colum¬
bus, Ohio. 215 breeders took membership In
P. S. of A. during Dec. and January alone.
137 more new members added thru recent ac¬
quirement named above. There is now but one
recognized Society in the United St ates record¬
ing Percherons. For information address:
WAYNE 0INSM0RE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, III.
PAXTLY CATTIiE
Manlp Hnrvt Stark Farms 6uilford, Conn., offer the fol-
Mapie Hursi mock ranns, ]owing'Gilt ^dge Stock for
1 Y \ _ VnnvlNirs Ullll ( VO (T-
ERCHERON
STALLIONS AND MARES
Imported and home-bred. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 30 years an importer and breeder of prize winners.
KLffOOl) S . AKIN
170 South Street, Auburn, N. Y.
' __ __ _ __ lUYY14Kx«UI» av*
sale. One magnificent Yearling Guernsey Bull (reg-
istorod) ; one full blooded Jersey Bull (registered).
Dams of both extra heavy producers. Jersey
Sire, Hood Farm Pogis; Guernsey sire, Fantira s
Zac Taylor (imported). One registered Berkshire
Boar 5 mos. old, perfect form and breeding cannot
be beat. One Chester White Boar 9 mos. oid, pure
bred, quick and sure, an exceptional animal, price
right 12 Single and Double Comb R. I. Red Cock¬
erels $3.00 each (Tuttle Strain). Bred for utility as
well as beauty. Full blooded Imperial Pekin Duck
Eggs for hatching $1.00 per 13— $0.00 per hundred.
Full blooded S. and D. C. R. I. Red Eggs tor hatch¬
ing. Guaranteed 100# fertility from our L tility Pens.
$1.00 per 1G— $4.00 per hundred. The above stock is
guaranteed to be pure bred and the price is right.
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Pereheron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from $300 up, mares
from tm TO. A*i5?S .^aS^EmS5&, Pm
Cfl Pereheron and Belflian Stallions and Mares for sale
DU at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O..
Oil Ponna R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE,
Hackney and Standard Bred Brood Mares, Stal¬
lions and Fillies, Aberdeen Angus cattle. Could
use Pereheron mares, mules, !}"^m"G'1e-new.
Send for Catalog of Stock. DELAWARE STOCK
FARM, Myer & Son, Prop., Bndgeville, Del.
JS -W DC 3ST E
01bs-9Tfonihs
Jersey Reds fatten easily & quickly. *
{Small-boned, loug-bodled, vigorous
&prolitlc. Meat unsurpassed. 1I»V«
some choice offerings now. Write
for catalog and prices. Arthur J*
t Collins, Box K, MoorestowruNj J-
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires, C. Whites.
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
Pups, Beagles and Poultry. Wntefor
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Middletown Pa.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. ";',
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April linersaUsokl.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to sci-
vice of Watson’s Masterpiece. 51411 book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for n< ew
Booklet. J. E. WATSON. Pioprietor, Marhledale, Conn.
LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS
Am now booking orders for fi week old Pigs, Regis¬
tered, at $15.00 per pair. If you are looking for the
genuine Bacon Hog, try a pair this spring. Address
HILLHURST FARM, Orchard Park, N. Y.
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-Special Offering
L of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $o0 and
up They should develop into 800-pound Lours at
maturity, H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
nsinftnc the rig, deep fellows
(JwiliPUd that grow and mature quickly.
Pigs and Gilts for sale at all times.
SHENANGO R1VKK FARMS, Transfer, Pa.
CHELD0N FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
O Bred Sows. Service Boars Best of breeding.
C. E. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y. _ _
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders hooked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application ...
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg:, I a.
To Avoid Inbreeding, We Will Sell Our
HERD HULL
AMERICA DE KOI BURKE,
A great son of the great De Kol Burke. It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree.
Several young calves out of A.K.O. dams for sale.
CLOY Kit It ALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Lunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
IKrftHOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somekviiae, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI AN ASS’N OF AMERICA
K. L. HOUGHTON. SEC’Y, BOX t OS, BRATTLEBORO.VT.
Robinson’s HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. . V. D. ROBINSON, Kdmkston, N. Y.
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern s Jubi¬
lee still heads the herd. What do you want ? .
Will also sell full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MOUSE, Hamilton, N. Y.
Breed Up-Not Dowrfo’r.ritS'lo
.buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. U.F.
i SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa,
Eureka Stock Farm- and Heifers, t> months to 2
years old. Chester White, Poland China and
Berkshire Pigs. Scotch Collie Pups and a variety
of poultry. Send two-cent stamp for circular.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester. Pa.
AYS11IRK BULL CALF FOR SALE— Born Nov
1 1910, also yearling bull. These are good ones
backed by advanced register stock and at reason
able prices. O. W. BRUSIE, Millerton, N. Y
FOR SALE— Three Jersey heifers, a year old In May.
$20 and $25 each. Out of a Register of Merit
b„ll. GEO. L. B'EllRIS, Atwater, N. Y.
A BERKSHIRE OR DUROC PIG given for a
A few hours of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PENNA BERKSHIRE CO., Faiinettsburg, Pa,
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . AT REASONABLE PRICES , . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENNY AN, N. Y
REGISTERED AYRSHIRES
A few choice young cows, also young stock of either sex,
from first-class milkers, at reasonable prices. Correspond¬
ence solicited. F. H. Cookingliam, Cherry Creek, A. i .
Milk Producers information howkto
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisvillo. 2s. j .
33 O G S
nm I 1C DU DC— From imported stock. Females
uULLIl I U Io cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
R E GIST E R E D BE R K S H I R
SPRING OFFERING OF PIGS
E S
8 to 12 weeks ola in
_ _ _ pairs or trios no akin
From such tcrou£ gSm-t iwt.d^!lrw!l!haTOt1«MriS[l»t
» ■“« *»' reals***. Satisfaction guaranteed
or no sale. Address Col. HENRY HOLLYD AY, Jr. Saint Aubin Farm, Easton, Md.
‘How to Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully Without Milk"
Contains full information and complete feeding direction, lor using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal— The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed
No mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal factory
Established at Leicester. England, in 1 803,
Blatchford’s Cali Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911.
HOW “PROCESS BUTTER” IS MADE.
I have a quantity of rancid butter. I am
told there is a way of working such stuff
over so as to make it salable. How is it
done? j. l. s.
We have had a good many questions
like the above lately — more than ever
before. The worked-over stuff is known
as "process” or “renovated” butter. Most
State laws and the Federal law require
it to be specially marked when offered
for sale. There are several ways of
handling the fearful stuff which some¬
times accumulates in country stores or
homes. With a small amount the old
plan was to bury it in the ground for a
time. Probably if the butter were
wrapped in parchment and cloth and
then covered for a time with powdered
charcoal the bad odors would be taken
out of it. Charcoal is one of the best
purifiers. Melting will usually drive off
the strong smell, but when cooled the
melted butter would look like salve. The
usual plan followed by the manufactur¬
ers is about as follows :
“The butter to be made over is put
into a tank having outer compartment
for steam — a jacketed kettle. The but¬
ter is melted and allowed to stand
quietly so that solid sediment matter
may settle and light frothy matter rise.
The latter is skimmed off. The clear
oil is then drawn into another vessel
and air is pumped into it, the rising
bubbles of air serving to remove odors
due to the poor quality of material
originally used. Sometimes a stream of
air is continued for more than an hour.
The oil is then allowed to run through
a flat nozzle directly into a tank of
ice water, where it quickly congeals
and forms small masses not unlike the
appearance of butter in the churn when
it is in a granular form. It is then
put into a churn and agitated more or
less with well-ripened skimmed milk.
The milk is allowed to drain off and
sometimes the butter is washed a little.
It is then salted, worked and finished
the same as butter.”
'THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
CHECKERS START A FARMERS’ IN¬
STITUTE.
Cavalier has the record for having the
largest farmers’ institute in North Da¬
kota, and checkers is the thing that
seems to be responsible for the start.
During the Winter evenings checkers
was the game that was played, and being
a quite common game it led to a checker
tournament in the Winter of 1908. In
making the arrangements for this the
citizens of Cavalier took a great deal of
interest in making preparations for en¬
tertaining the visitors. Everyone seemed
bent on doing something, so that it
proved a very pleasant time for all con¬
cerned. When farmers’ institute was to
be held in 1909 they took hold of that
in the same way, appointing committees
on publicity, reception, decoration and
banquet. The publicity committee send
out personal invitations to farmers all
over the county, as well as to see that
the papers make the proper announce¬
ments. The committee on reception, in
addition to other duties, such as meeting
the trains, makes a canvass of the city
finding out who has rooms that can be
spared for the visitors. The hotels can¬
not begin to take care of the large
numbers that come. These rooms are
then listed at the telephone office and
whoever wants a room has only to go
there and register for it. No charge is
made for the room. The committee on
banquet provides for the banquet, which
is given just before the evening session
the first day. This committee also pro¬
vides dinner for all the visitors both
days. Each year the attendance has
grown, till now there is no hall large
enough to accommodate it, so at least
two meetings are held at the same time,
the speakers going back and forth.
One of the features this year was
the ladies’ meeting, which was held in
the Methodist Church. This was con¬
ducted by Miss Anna Barrows, of Co¬
lumbia University, and Mrs. L. Campbell,
of the Agricultural College. The mem¬
bers of the Commercial Club figure that
they can do no better than to encourage
good farming, and they are doing all
they can to bring better methods into
practice. They consider this the wisest
expenditure that they can make of any
money that they raise for furthering
their interests. The expense is not great
either. This year it was about $300.
W. C. PALMER.
Stiffness in Mare.
I wish to know what to do for a mare
which on getting up in the morning is stiff
in all four legs, and very weak and trem¬
bling, has a watery discharge from the nos¬
trils Horse has a good appetite. After
using awhile the stiffness leaves. J. u. li.
West Virginia.
Clip the mare and blanket her if stable
is cold. Have ventilation perfect and allow
her a roomy box stall. Work or exercise
her every day. Feed plenty of whole oats,
bran and mixed hay. A damp, hot, badly
ventilated stable might cause the trouble.
a. s. A.
Scours.
I have a herd of cows and young stock
that are having stomach trouble, bowels
being very loose I have been feeding grain,
hay, cornstalks, millet and green oats and
have had no trouble before. The cows have
lessened their milk almost half and ene
cow seems to be a little sick. Can you sug¬
gest the cause and what could be done for
thom? o. A. L.
Connecticut.
One or other of the foods is disagreeing
with the cows. Millet or green oats would
be most likely to cause trouble, but moldy
food of any kind is apt to induce diarrhoea.
Reject any moldy food and omit millet and
green oats. Add grain and bran to the ra-
tion. By removal of the cause recovery
will ensue quickly without use of medicine.
a. s. A.
Colt with Cataract.
I just bought a two-year-old colt, coming
three years ; thought her all right. Her
eyes ran a little when I got her. I called
a veterinary. He said she had cataracts in
both eyes, and there was no help for her.
She has two wolf teeth. Her eyes look
well, but a little water runs from them at
times. If there is no help for her, can I
get my money back? She is a valuable
colt and I paid cash for her three weeks
a&°; a. i. n.
New York.
Wolf teeth never in any way affect a
horse s eyes. If cataract is present, it is
incurable, and will have caused blindness.
It follows repeated attacks of periodic
ophthalmia (moon blindness), which is in¬
curable. If you have a written guaranty
that the colt was sold as sound, the pres¬
ence of cataract would nullify the sale, as
such conditions do not come on sudden y.
a. s. a.
Cow with Itching Skin; Branding.
1. My cow rubs herself until hair is off in
spots, particularly on sides of face and
neck. She seems constipated ; otherwise
all right. 2. Does anyone make branding
irons with numbers for marking cattle? I
have tried every kind of tag that I have
seen advertised, also the tattoo with ink;
could never see any nuinDer with that, and
the tags get torn out where cows are pas¬
tured in woods. I would like to brand the
number on the neck or shoulders so they
would always be sure to fit the papers
Virginia. a. j. c.
1. Give the cow a handful of glauber salts
in soft feed or drinking water twice daily
until her bowels are normal. Wash af-
feeted parts of skin with a 1-50 solution of
coal tar dip, and when dry rub in sulphur
ointment and repeat as required. 2. You
would have to order such brands from a
dealer in instruments. Why not try metal
tags strung on at strong leather strap
around each cow’s neck? a s a
tie©
DONT
•A -
BLAME
THE
SCRUB COW
/
. tv
A well known authority on profit¬
able dairying has said: “Don’t blame the.
scrub cow, it may be the fault of the scrub feeder.'
A scrub cow can’t “make good” on “scrub” feed. Give it
a little “thoroughbred” feeding and ybu’ll be getting more like
thoroughbred returns.
The true value of any feed is measured by the amount o!
actual nourishment and insult-producing properties contained in
a given quantity.
If a feed at $25 per ton will bring you better results per
dollar invested than a feed at $22 per ton you are going to get
the $25 feed, aren’t you? Yes, because it’s cheaper for you and
better for your cattle.
If you buy feed on the strength of the results you can get
from it, then you’ll buy ELMCO.
Samples and prices are yours for the asking. Get them
today. It’s worth your while
LISTMAN MILL COMPANY,
LA CROSSE. WISCONSIN.
Sole Millers of
SAVE 60% ON “BRECO”
ROOFING
Freight Prepaid — Book FREE _ _ _ _ _
DON’T spend adollar for roofing until you get our low dlreet factory prices and test
our old reliable * BRECO"— guaranteed waterproof, fire-resisting! durable Rub-
ber Roofing. Made by our own special process, of long-fibre wool fel t, sa tu rated
coated^o'n both sides!! Longest Guarantee
or money back. We pay freight to all points east of the western “
of Minnesota. Iowa. Missouri, and north of south line of Tennessee. Don’t delay
writing: such special prices may not be offered to you again. Write now tortav—
THE BREESE BROS. CO., Roofing Department 1 it CINCINNATI, OHIO
Ll
mm
57
BUSHELS MORE
POTATOES
PER ACRE
Where Planted With
Average results obtained in a careful, thorough test
against a “-picker” planter by Maine State Rx penmen-
rll ytntion in lfilfi A ..I- _ _ , ■ x _ .1. —
(Improved Robbins)
Potato Planter tal Station, in 19X0. Ask us ’quick for tbe proof— we
Rnllntin No i«s . will seud you now bona fide copy o : their report in .
Bulletin No. 188, which will be ready about MaTCb 16th. Shows exact results Alio com- V
parison of crel culture, high and moderate ridging. 100 per cent, perfect plauthie is what -U
no doubles, no misses no in.iury to seed. Address, Mas on'mr seat makes
BATEMAN M’F’O CO. Box 102 M Grenloeh. N. J. eorreetlon.
JOHNSTON
farm machines
HRST'-QOAUTV
A good name is more to be prized
than money and riches.
The name JOHNSTON is recog¬
nized by farmers of two continents as
indicative of QUALITY.
Every JOHNSTON user knows
that he has a better machine than his
neighbor— and even his neighbor has to
admit the superiority of JOHNSTON
machines when he observes how they
surpass ordinary machines in actual
performance, overcoming all obstacles
of soil and grain conditions, doing
better work, and doing it easier.
JOHNSTON machines eost less to
maintain than less carefully constructed
tools and give many more years of per¬
fect service. They represent the most
advanced development along truly
practical lines. There is nothing ex¬
perimental, impractical or “freakish”
IJOHN3TON1
ity, strength and
durability are
given especial at¬
tention. They are
made by the origi¬
nal independent
company to give
perfect satisfac¬
tion.
JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO.,
We suggest you write to-day for
the JOHNSTON 1911 catalog -it is lull
of valuable information concerning
JOHNSTON Grain Binders, Reapers.
Manure Spreaders. Rakes, Spring
and Spike Tooth Harrows, Side-De¬
livery Rakes, Corn Binders, Mowers,
Tedders, Hay Loaders, Disc and
Orchard Harrows, and Land Rollers
—all with a recognized reputation
lor being the most perfectly con¬
structed machines made, yet they
cost the farmer no more than
cheaply-built tools.
Send postal for catalog
to-day, or state what tool
you are interested in and
we will also send booklet.
BATAVIA, N Y.
March 18,
370
SUMMER SILAGE WITHOUT A SILO.
Cured in the Stack.
Part II.
The expense of building a silo is the
first objection that arises with many,
when the subject of silage is mentioned,
but it is not a matter that enters very
largely into the expense of making silage
from peas and oats and similar crops,
for Summer feeding. A few rough
boards or slabs, stood upright, and some
stout planks for ribs or hoops to hold
them in place, are all that are needed,
simply a cage or rough crib, into which
to pack the peas and oats whole, the
sides being for no other purpose than
to hold the stack in shape and allow
of solid tramping about the edges. A
stack 10 or 12 feet square, and that much
or more in height, after settling, will
hold a good many peas. The pile or
stack can be placed outside or in the
building, to suit the convenience of the
parties interested, and where appearance
is a consideration, material can be se¬
lected accordingly, but anything expen¬
sive is unnecessary. The cage should
be built ahead of time, as during hot,
dry weather peas mature more rapidly,
and it is best to get them in while a
considerable portion of the vines are
still green, and before many of the peas
get hard, as after that many of them
pass through the cows whole, even after
they have been subjected to the heat of
the silage. In cutting the peas for si¬
lage, we made it a practice to start
mower early in the morning while the
vines were wet with dew. When peas
are heavy and a large part of the
vines still green, this is not necessary,
but they dry out very quickly, and dur¬
ing dry, hot weather, working with a
small force, it seemed more satisfactory
to get them in fresh.
Where one desires to get through with
but little expense, few tools or machinery
are really necessary ; but the pea vines
hang together, are heavy to handle, and
where all the handling is to be done by
hand, if the crop is pretty good, it will
be found much easier, in the long run,
to follow the mower, placing in
moderate-sized bunches with a fork, in¬
stead of tangling up with a rake. The
rake is quicker in a way, but handling
afterward by hand is very much heav¬
ier work. On strong land, it is often
* necessary, or, at least, much better and
cleaner work in cutting the next swath
can be done, if one follows the mower
and cleans the track for the next trip
as the vines hang together and fall
over in the way. In handling peas in
large quantities for silage, much hand
labor can be saved by the use of side
delivery rake, hay loader, slings and ca¬
ble car. In fact, in building a stack to
considerable height (the higher the bet¬
ter, rather than broad and shallow)
some arrangement should be made to
elevate the peas in large bunches, even
though the rest of the handling is done
by hand. Where loading is all done by
hand, if the peas are built up in tiers
on the hay rack, beginning at the back
end to load and unloading front front
to back, making as many tiers as de¬
sired to make loads in unloading, a
common hay fork does good work, as
the vines hatjg together so well, a large
section of a load can be cleaned up at
one hoist."' '
On the stack, the bunches need not be
all torn apart, but with care on the part
of the man holding the trip-rope, the
greater part can be dropped where want¬
ed, but enough should be spread to keep
the stack fairly level, or slightly higher
in the center, with edges tramped close
to cage. The peas soon begin to heat
and the stack grows in height much
more slowly after the first day or two,
as they settle rapidly, but after the last
load is up, there should be a prompt set
tlement of the whole matter. Rough
boards or planks extending clear to the
edge should be laid over the top, and on
these a few loads of stones spread
evenly, as if piled too much on one side
they settle there more, which would
have a tendency to open the opposite
side, if carried too far. If stack is too
high, the stones can be elevated m sling
or box arranged for dumping with trip.
As soon as the stack is well settled it
is ready to open and begin feeding, and
there is where the fun comes in. ,Clear
off the stones and boards from a narrow
strip of the top of the stack, at one
edge, and cut down a slice with a hay
knife, sufficient for one feeding. It will
not take as much for the first feed as it
will a few days later. More than once
THE RURAL
we have seen cows almost refuse to eat
pea silage at first, but they soon learn
to like it and the only difficulty is to
get enough of it. Where stack is of
good height it can be taken down in
sections of a few feet at a time instead
of slicing down the full height, or the
entire face can be worked back, as it
were, in terraces or steps, upon which
to stand in slicing down. The silage
comes out hot, a rich, dark brown, looks
good, and is about as fine a feed of the
kind as a man ever offered a cow. As
it rolls up in layers it reminds one more
of the advertisement of the mattresses
than any other comparison I can make.
Our pea silage has always been of much
interest to visitors. One man, who was
much taken with the idea, said it looked
like plug tobacco, and tasted like it.
He was not able to prove that by me,
however.
The matter of _ waste in putting up
peas in this way is one that many will
think of, but the fact is, that while at
first, we cut off and threw away a por¬
tion about the edges, we found out
afterward that it was not necessary.
“Everything goes” has been almost true
in our experience in feeding pea silage,
the waste being hardly worth consider¬
ing, as after they once get to liking it,
they clean up almost everything. Dur¬
ing a wet season, however, when the
outside would become slimy and nasty,
it might be different, ■out the proportion
of waste would be slight. I do not
think we lose any more about the edges,
stacked in this way, than do the Way-
land canneries, with their fancy silos,
costing $250 or more each, and even
from these the greater part about the
edges thrown out as waste, or spoiled,
makes good feed, and most of it would
be cleaned up with the rest. We
would no longer sow oats with peas, ex¬
cepting to cut for hay. We like buck¬
wheat better than oats, and rape better
than either on good ground. We have
fed rape alone in considerable quanti¬
ties, and for a long time, to know that
the claims made, on theory only, that
it would spoil milk or butter, are but
imaginary. We fed it before milking,
after milking, through the day, any
time and in any way it was handy, and
never a suspicion of taste or smell, or
complaint from particular customers.
ISAAC C. ROGERS.
Livingston Co., N. Y.
NEW-YORKER
LICE ON CALVES.
On page 143, M. H. B. asks for a method
of killing lice on calves. The following
was an experiment of my own : Take a
pail nearly full of warm water, and put
about one pint of ordinary kerosene in
the water. Now take small wire tooth card
(not a currycomb), and dip the same in
the pail of water and kerosene, and begin
at the head of calf, carding her entirely
over. As soon as the head and neck are
saturated, throw a blanket over the neck
and head, and keep drawing it back as
fast as the calf . is dampened with the ap¬
plication. This. is to keep the fumes of the
kerosene confined and also to prevent calf
from taking cold. The kerosene remains on
the top of water and you will need to re¬
plenish it by another one-half pint or so
of kerosene, until you have finished your
job. Keep your calves covered until they
are thoroughly dry. If your work is prop¬
erly done you will not find a live louse
next day. I think it would be advisable
to make an examination in about five days
after to see if any nits have survived, but
I never found any. c. l. g. b.
Slingerlands, N. Y.
The amount of care and labor involved
are unnecessary Ordinary kerosene emul¬
sion simply sprayed on and rubbed in with
a stiff brush proves effectual ; but, like
other treatments, has to be repeated in 10
days to two weeks to kill new broods of
lice. A better destroyer of lice is a de¬
coction of stavesacre seeds. Pour a quart
of boiling water on one ounce of the seeds
and allow to stand for 12 hours; then use
the solution to saturate parts infested with
lice. It is absolutely necessary to clean
up, disinfect and whitewash the houses if
cattle are to be kept permanently free from
lice. a. s. a.
Rickets.
We have eight pigs, 21 weeks old, they
are thriving extra well, except one, which
has been getting stiff for the last three
weeks. It walks from the nest to the
trough, but is very stiff, its appetite is
good ; not constipated. I have given it
castor oil and molasses. Their food has
consisted of soft corn, oatmeal and fine
middlings, with plenty of drink. I have
also had apples, wood ashes and charcoal.
Please advise what to do. m.
Ontario Co., N. Y .
Lack of exercise and overfeeding com¬
monly cause such conditions. Keep the pig
out of that nest. Feed on slop of milk
and middlings to which add lime water at
rate of one ounce per quart. Continue to
keep bowels active. The pig should get
over the trouble if you can make it take
abundant exercise to develop muscle. Pam¬
pering is deadly to hogs ; mixed rations and
ample exercise induce health and obviate
rickets. A. s. a.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick replv and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page
Cures Thrush.
Sloan’s Liniment hascuredmany cases
of thrush both in horses and catde.
HERE’S PROOF.
Mb. R. W. Parish, of Bristol, Ind., R. No. 2,
writes: — “ I cured one of my horses of thrush.
Her feet were rotten; the frogs came out; she
laid down most of the time. I thought she would
die, but 1 used the Liniment, and she never
lies down in the daytime now.”
SLOANS
LINIMENT
is the best remedy for any kind of horse
lameness. You don’t have to rub — it
penetrates. Price, 50c. and $1.00.
Send for free book on stock.
Dr. Earl S. Sloan, Boston, Mass.
Price $ 1 0 and Up
Earn $10 a day and more, easily,
sawing firewood, lumber, lath, posts,
etc., for yourself and neighbors with a
Hertzler & Zook
Portable Wood Saw
Fully Guaranteed for One Year
The Hertzler & Zook is the cheapest and best
saw you can buy. Direct factory prices— finest
tested materials. Easier than
other saws to operate because
the stick sits low and the
saw draws it on as soon
as you start work. It is
the only saw made, sell-
ingat $10, to which a ripping
table can be added. \V rite f or
circular and save money.
Hertzler a Zook Co.. Box 3
Belleville, fa.
Try The
Bull Dog Feed Grinder
IO Day's Free
You can grind 5000 bu. of cob and corn to
table meal with one set of Rollers and Con¬
caves. Damp grain can't clogit — nails
won't break it. Has only 2 inch working
leverage which accounts for light running.
Get our FREE Catalogue and Samples,
CROWN POINT MFG. CO.,
204 E. Road. Crown Point, Ind.
Trade in Your Old Separator
for a New DE LAVAL
More than 15,000 users of inferior and
worn out cream separators of various makes
traded them in last year on account of new
DE L AVALS, and doubtless there
are many more owners of such
machines who will be glad to know
that the I)E LAARAL Company still
continues to make liberal “ trade”
allowances for them.
While these old machines have
little actual value to the DE LAA" AL
Company, as the machines thus
taken in trade are broken up and
“scrapped” for old metal, such exchanges
afford a practical example of the difference
between good and inferior separators, and
add to the prestige of the DE LAArAL in
the neighborhood.
Now that you will soon be
milking more cows, why not take
advantage of this liberal offer 1
See the nearest DE LAVAL agent,
and he will tell you how much he can
allow on your old machine toward
the purchase of a new DE LAArAL.
If you don’t know a DE LAARAL
agent, write to the n e ares t
DE LAVAL office giving make,
• - f •
number and size of your present machine,
and full information will be sent you.
Important to Users of Old DE LAVAL Separators
While DE LAArAL machines of ten or fifteen years ago are much superior even to present
day machines of other makes, during the past four or live years many improvements have been
incorporated in the present DE LAARAL machines that make them simpler in construction,
easier of operation and more effective in skimming. ^
Liberal trade allowance will be made by any DE LAArAL agent on your old DE LAA AL
toward the purchase of an up-to-date style. It will pay you to investigate. Any DE LA\ AL
agent will be glad to explain the new DE LAVAL improvements, or a DE LAAr AL catalog
illustrating and describing the construction of latest styles and sizes will be sent upon request
to nearest DE LAVAL office.
T— DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
165-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
29 E. Madison Street
CHICAGO
Drumm & Sacramento Sts.
SAN FRANCISCO
173-177 William Street
MONTREAL
14 & 16 Princess Street
WINNIPEG
1016 Western Avenue
SEATTLE
1911.
RAPE AS A PASTURE FOR SHEEP AND
HOGS.
I am asked the following questions
regarding the growing of rape for pas¬
ture for sheep and hogs, and as these
questions came from all sections of the
country it was deemed best to corre¬
spond with the different experiment sta¬
tions and others so that more light might
be given on the subject. With rape as
with everything elso so much depends
on conditions of weather, soil, moisture
and other conditions that everyone must
try a piece and then for another year he
will know what best suits his conditions.
First, time to sow. Rape is quite
hardy and will stand lots of freezing,
and there is no danger of sowing too
early on this account, but as the plant
requires heat to make it grow it seems
that a good plan would be to set the time
of sowing at corn-planting time, then it
will make a quick, thrifty growth. If I
were going to sow a large quantity it
might be well to sow part at this time
and part later, but before the Spring
rains are gone. Rape sown in this sec¬
tion as late as August, as some advise,
would be a total failure unless we were
favored with an abundance of rain or
it were sown on rich bottom land.
How is it sown? When fertilizer is
sown on the land with rape the seed can
be sown the same as anyone would sow
clover seed. Rape seed is about twice
the size of clover seed, and one would
want to set the seeder accordingly;
weigh a part of the seed and measure
the land it would sow. As it requires
only six to eight pounds to the acre
care should be taken to get it evenly
sown. There are a number of broadcast
seeders, like the Cahoon, Climax and
the wheelbarrow seeders that can all be
set to sow rape without any trouble.
Where will it grow? As rape belongs
to the cabbage family, or rather they
both belong to the same family, it seems
safe to say that where one will grow
the other should. Reports from every
section of the country seem favorable.
Wisconsin, Ohio, Maryland, Maine,
Michigan and even the States farther
west report good success.
Is it better to sow anything with it?
In this section no; it is worth enough
to give it the full benefit of the whole
ground. In some sections of the West
they sow the seed in the corn at the
last cultivation, and it makes fine feed
in the Fall for sheep and hogs. It is
also sown with oats and barley, but in
good growing seasons it interferes with
harvesting the crops.
Will one sowing last all Summer? It
will unless it is pastured so close that
it is all eaten off.
Does it sprout out again after being
eaten off? It does unless it is eaten
clear down to the stump. Rape, like
everything else, must have a few leaves
left.
Does it live over Winter? Not in the
northern part of the country. Rape is
a biennial, requiring two years to ma¬
ture seed. This applies to the Dwarf
Essex and Victoria, claimed by some to
be the same thing. There are kinds that
mature their seed during the first year,
being annuals; these are of no use for
forage crops.
If planting for several hundred hogs,
would you sow all at one time or not?
In the first place I should not sow
enough for several hundred hogs unless
I had had some experience raising cab¬
bage, turnips or some knowledge of the
suitability of my land and the section
for the proper growing of rape. It is
too much of a risk to get so many hogs
on hand as a trial trip. I should start
on a smaller scale and work up. If I
were going to sow that amount it would
be better to make several sowings.
Would you sow all at the same time
and divide the field and alternate the
sides? That plan is always advocated
as to dividing a pasture, but for the life
°* I cannot see the reason.
Will it grow year after year, or must
we sow every year? It must be sown
every year.
Where buy seed? Any reliable seed
grower can supply the seed. Care
*aken to secure the right kind,
the Dwarf Essex seems to be the best
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
for fodder purposes. The best seed
comes from Essex, England, and one
seed firm writes me that in five years
their sales have increased from 100
pounds to over 178,000 pounds.
Cost of seed. Seed costs, in small
quantities, from eight to 10 cents per
pound.
When can the hogs be turned on to
the rape? The only thing to look out
for in this direction is to see that the
rape gets large enough to keep ahead of
the hogs. If you have lots of rape and
only a few hogs you could turn sooner
than you could if you had lots of hogs
and only a little rape.
Were the hogs you reported on fed
any milk after being turned on to the
rape? No; we feed our milk to calves.
The hogs _ had dish-water and clear
water to drink. If the pasture had run¬
ning water it would be sufficient.
How soon can it be turned on to?
With plenty of moisture and good fer¬
tile soil it will take about five or six
weeks to get large enough.
How old were the pigs when weaned?
About five weeks.
How much seed to the acre? If sown
broadcast about six pounds. Some
recommend sowing in drills 30 inches
apart and then cultivating. This takes
about three pounds to the acre.
How many hogs will an acre pasture?
As stated in the article in the issue of
December 31, one man reported that he
could pasture 40 hogs on his one acre.
At the^ Wisconsin Agricultural Experi¬
ment Station a test was made as to the
value of rape for hogs. In this experi¬
ment 30 hogs had the run of one-third
of an acre for 76 days. These hogs were
eight months old when turned into the
rape. They consumed 3,962 pounds less
grain than the same number that were
kept in pens, and made four pounds
more gain. Others estimate the value
of an acre of good rape equal to nearly
1>2 tons of cornmeal and middlings. The
only way to settle this question is for
every man to see for himself what it
will do under his conditions for rais¬
ing it. .
What kind of fertilizer does it re¬
quire? There is nothing as good as
well-rotted manure worked into the
land; if this is not available an applica¬
tion of 400 pounds of a fertilizer an¬
alyzing 4-8-10 should produce a good
crop.
. Do you cultivate it? Not in this sec¬
tion, but I am told that in the West
they sow in drills about 30 inches apart
and cultivate it.
Will it make pasture for sheep after
the hogs are taken off in the Fall?
\Y hile sheep will eat it any time they
can get at it, it is liable to cause
trouble with the digestive organs after
it has been frosted. Our sheep have
run on our patch all Winter and have
left the best clover hay to get at the
stubs of rape that were left.
Will rape cause hogs to bloat?
There is no danger to hogs from bloat,
but there seems to be with sheep and
cattle. The same care should be taken
as anyone would take in turning into
clover.
Is rape as good as Alfalfa? Both
are needed; Alfalfa starts the first thing
in the Spring and can be pastured long
before rape is ready. Alfalfa will last
for two years and rape must be sown
every year.
Should the hogs have rings in their
nose? Yes, for Alfalfa as well as rape.
Were the pigs fed any grain while on
the rape? They were fed no grain un¬
til about three weeks before, we wanted
to sell them. They had some middlings
in the Spring while waiting for the rape.
Would home-grown corn do in place
of barley and middlings? Hogs will
not grow as well if fed corn alone. An
ideal plan would be to feed some mid¬
dlings with the rape until the hogs are
nearly grown, or until you want to dis¬
pose of them, and for a few weeks give
them all the corn they will eat.
How large a piece for 12 hogs? That
is hard to say. Two years ago I visited
a jnan who had six hogs on about one-
third of an acre and had lots of rape
left, so he figured that an acre would
keep at least 30 ; and last year he tried it
that way and failed because he had the
rape on land that was not suited to it.
How long after Alfalfa is sown can it
be turned on to? It should not be
pastured the first season. One man
writes me that he can see visions and
dream dreams, and well he may, for
when he gets the run of rape and Alfalfa
he will produce pork and mutton much
cheaper than we have ever dreamed of.
There seems to be no limit to the yield
of rape. The Wisconsin Experiment
Station used a piece for soiling and cut
it four times in the season, securing
over 36 tons to the acre. c. i. hunt.
Livingston Co., N. Y.
3 71
I’ifcA- '
MW'
V
it
A
mm-
Amatite Roofing
on houses of D. M. Cook,
Chicopee Fails, Mass.
ROOFING
When the Shingles Fail
Here are two houses which were origi.
nally covered with shingle roofs. Modern
shingles are not made like old style shingles,
but-are of inferior wood on account of the
increasing scarcity of lumber. Accordingly^
shingle roofs gave trouble, and the owner
investigated the whole subject of the roofing
with the result that he found it cheaper to
cover the whole roof'with Amatite Roofing
than to try to keep the old shingles in repair.
Amatite Roofing is so low in price, so
easy to lay and so durable that it is by far the
cheapest and most satisfactory answer to the
problem of the leaky roof. With other
roofings of the kind that require painting,
this is not the case. To lay ordinary roof¬
ing over shingles and keep it painted would
be just as expensive and troublesome as to
keep on repairing the shingles. But Ama¬
tite Roofing requires no painting.
mineral surface to take the wear and tear of
the weather.
Amatite Roofing costs nothing to main¬
tain; that is why the owner of these houses
used Amatite. On these houses, the Ama¬
tite is laid right over the old shingles so
there was no expense or trouble in ripping
off the old roof.
Amatite, despite its mineral surface,
comes in handy rolls like any other roofing
and can be laid by any workman without
previous experience.
Large headed nails and cement for the
laps are supplied free of charge. Remember
that Amatite costs less than ordinary roofing
of equal wear and costs nothing whatever to
maintain. It is rapidly displacing shingle
roofs and painted roofings.
Booklet and sample free on request.
Address our nearest office.
It has a
BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY ^
New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland
Pittsburg Cincinnati Kansas City Minneapolis
New Orleans Seattle London, England
W
.GREEN MOUNTAIN
siuos
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative if you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO..
JJ8 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
1UARANTEED MONEY-SAVINCS
jiiyg INTERNATIONAL
ill1*!*
lll'i'*1!*
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Hll'"SK!
Ill' »■'
11*!*
SILOS
XI A
HARDER MFG. CO.
BOX 31 C0BLESK1LL, N.Y.
BTLU
OCT Reasons
iwO WTiy
Uuaditla Silos are far better than others will
be mailed you promptly on receipt of voor
name and address. UNADILLA MLOs hSve
unobstructed, continuous Door Fronts
which allow yon to shove ensilage out in¬
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ensilage out of the UNADII.I.A SILO than it
does to pitch it out of an ordinary silo. Ad¬
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end of steel hoops % stronger than on ordinary
discount for oarl v orders. Agents wanted.
TJN ADII.LA XI 1.0 < »., Box It, tnndilln.
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™R0SS SILO
Tho only thoroughly manufactured
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AIR TIGHT
llaku<!„.7inter feed equal to June
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lor itself in one season. Write to-
d®y for catalog which gives facts that
will savo you money. Agent* wanted.
The E. W. Boss Co.(Est.l850)
Bo* IS SPKIHGKXELD. OHIO
Philadelphia 5JLQC
luivc a 10 year reputation for strength and efficiency.
I osntively the only Silos made that .have an Opening
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E. F. SCHLICHTER CO.. 129 Fuller Blil0., Pliila., Pa.
FREE TO FARMERS
160-page book entitled
“SILO PROFITS'
Written by 200 of the most successful
iww3' *armers and Hairy men In
the World. (IrfO Every farmer In
America should read this book, and
as long as our supply of these books
last we will mall one copy free to
each person ask 1 ng f or 1 1. It g i ves
theactual experience of these farm-
©2*8 and In their own words.
Our Factories are located at An¬
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Kansas City, —-j— Write NOW 110*1 rj r.~. -
Missouri. W^Ufor this book Olio Profits
INDiiANA. SILO COMPANY
318 Liiioii Building, Anderson, Indiana
ECONOMY SILO
Our simple yet perfect-fitting doors,
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Quick, easy adjustment without
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Kvery silo easy to erect. Seasoned
wh i te p i ne or cypress staves. Refined
iron hoops form easy ladder.
Write for free catalogue with proof
of our claims from delighted users
ECONOMY SILO & MFC. CO.,
Box 38-J Fredorlck, Md.
AGENTS $3 a Day
NEW PATENTED LOCKSTITCH
AWL
Sews Shoes,
Harness, Buggy Tops, Canvas, Grain _ .
Anything. Soils at sight. Astonishing low price to
Big profits. To show it means a sale. We want a few
good, live lmstlers in each county. Splendid opportunity to
make big money. No experience needed. Write quick—
terms. A postal will do. Send no money.
A. MATHEWS, 6065 Wayne Street, DAYTON, OHIO
XL | C ApRE and UP! easy payments. Productive soil, mild chm^b
P I 3 v ant w°Gr°fadK clo8ef markets, unsurpassed school and social ad-
liivelit.r St B a Write for beautiful illustrated Quarterly, other attrac-
I phoHa^Lta.B'‘vTe' AC'' Ast-
YEARLY RAIKFALL 45 INCHES!.'
HawaoY-waM jahuh 3* h f
HI
;T8
3TLJ
M I
In offoct March 1 the New ^ ork Ex¬
change price was reduced one-half cent to
SI. 61 per 40-quart can, netting 3 V* cents
to shippers in 26-cent zone who have no
additional station charges.
Owing to circumstances over which I
had no control, that is, the going into
bankruptcy of a fine milk condenser, our
farmers and dairy folks are in the. same
condition of those people about Nelson,
N. Y„ told of on page 182. The last
checks paid were in November, since then
we’ve gone with empty pockets, till since
we sold to another concern. About $8,000
was taken away from this vicinity.
Tonganoxie, Kans. c. o.
A demand for American condensed milk
is reported from the Island of Malta. Con¬
sul .lames Oliver says: “Fresh cow’s milk
is scarce in Malta, and most Maltese use
goat's milk. There are about 10.000 milch
goats in the islands. They are driven from
house to house and milked in the presence
of the buyer. Goats are tied at the doors
of Maltese cafes and when milk is wanted
for coffee the animal is milked by the
owner. As a large proportion of the goats
have Mediterranean fever germs, the for¬
eign residents refrain from using their milk
and the British garrison is forbidden to
consume it. Mediterranean fever is inter¬
mittent land one of the most feared dis¬
eases in the islands because, if not fatal,
its long duration and the debility which
ensues often lead to other maladies.
The Assembly Ways and Means Commit¬
tee March 1 gave a hearing on the Foley
bill to establish a milk commission to super¬
vise the milk business in cities of the first
class. It was opposed by a number of dairy¬
men from Delaware and Oswego counties,
who said it would only saddle further ex¬
pense on the milk producers and dealers,
thereby tending to increase the price. Dr.
Abraham Korn, of New York, expressed the
belief that such a measure was not in line
with the campaign of economy of the pres¬
ent administration, and John F. Dugan, an
attorney of this city, questioned its consti¬
tutionality. Ex-Assemblyman Beverley
Itobinson, of New York, also spoke against
the measure. Because of the absence of
Chairman A. E. Smith, who is ill, it was
decided to put the hearing over for a
week.
What is Milk?- — In the New York Legis¬
lature Assembly Bill No. 135.645 provides
the following definition for adulterated
“milk.” 1. Milk containing more than 88
per centum of water or fluids. 2. Milk
containing less than 11% per centum
of milk solids. 8. Milk containing less
than ' three per centum of fats. 4. Milk
drawn from cows within 15 days before
and five days after parturition. 5. Milk
drawn from animals fed on distillery waste
or any substance in a state of fermentation
or putrefaction or on any unhealthy food.
G. Milk drawn from cows kept in a crowded
or unhealthy condition. 7. Milk from which
any part of the cream has been removed.
8. 'Milk which has been diluted with water
or any other fluid, or to which has been
added' or into which has been introduced
any foreign substance whatever.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
When you write advertisers mention The j
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and j
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
March 18,
it costs
us
10 cents
The Boston contractors have already
bought milk in Canada this past Winter
for $1.40 per hundred, paid the duty and
shipped it to Boston. I am told on re¬
liable authority that ice houses have been
filled at Waterloo and West Shefford, P. Q.,
although thev have no creameries at those
places. In case New England farmers strike
for fair prices this company can run cars
from these points into Boston over the Cen¬
tral Vermont from Waterloo and over the
C P. It. and B. & M. from West Shefford.
A milk strike with the duty removed from
milk will be useless I am told that farm¬
ers received about $1 per hundred for milk
which made the cheese shipped to England.
Our local condensery bought milk in Can¬
ada last Fall for $1.30 _per hundred when
the price here was $1.85. B.
Experts on milk from several New Eng¬
land States discussed the production, trans¬
portation and distribution of the fluid at
considerable length March 3 at Boston,
before the New England conference on rural
progress, and few of the speakers agreed
as to the cause of the conditions, which
they all admitted were unsatisfactory. Wil¬
liam A. Hunter, secretary of the Boston
Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union, claimed
that politics and red tape legislation were
to blame for the low price received by the
producer. Charles Whiting, of Boston, for
the contractors, defended that part of the
business and claimed that it ivas impossible
to pay the farmers more a can. The con¬
tractors, he asid, were trying to give pure
milk in quick, sanitary deliveries.
DAIRYING IN NORTH DAKOTA.
To understand the conditions in our
State, you should bear in mind that it is a
prairie' State, that the land, to a great ex¬
tent, allows the fullest possible use of
farm machinery, and that under such con¬
ditions it is quite natural that the farmer
clings to grain producing as long as the
lands prove to be able to produce a profit¬
able crop. In some of the longest farmed
sections, which includes the famous Red
River Valiev, weeds are encroaching upon
the land to' the extent that farmers find it
necessary, or desirable, to turn their atten¬
tion to diversified farming. The result is
that the acreage in clover and corn has
increased very rapidly during the past two
years, and every indication points to a
still greater increase. Corn has now been
successfully matured in every county in
the State,' and North Dakota claims the
farthest north located silo anywhere in the
United States. This is at Walhalla, five
miles from the Canadian boundary in north¬
western Pembina county. .
The number of cows used for dairy pur¬
poses, as shown by the report of the Com¬
missioner of Agriculture and Labor, was
in 1910 157,202. There are 125 cream¬
eries, some of which are not operated ex¬
cepting a few months during the Summer
season. Last year there were also approx¬
imately 200 stations where cream was
brought direct from the farms and shipped
to centralizing plants, either AA'ithin or
without the State. The increase along dairy
lines has been very marked during the
past year or two, and the prejudice against
the work is being broken down in the
bonanza wheat sections, so that everything
points to a steady and rapid increase. The
western section of the State, Avhile not
so long farmed, has considerable rolling
land, and farmers take up the Avork much
earlier in the time of settlement than in
the eastern quarter, so that at the present
time the western, or more particularly, the
south and Avestern portion of the State, are
the farthest advanced in dairying. There is
no reason .why the State of North Dakota
should not become a great dairy State in
time. Our climate is excellent, cheap feeds
can be grown in abundance, and that the
State Avas primarily a live stock State is
evidenced by the fact that buffalo, elk and
other animals were found in abundance by
the early people, and any section nature
endowed so richly ought surely to be able
to respond to -advanced agriculture.
In regard, to the kind of cows; we find
that owners of different breeds of dairy cat¬
tle are invariably enthusiastic over the par¬
ticular breed they have selected, and all
breeds are represented. This would natural¬
ly lead us to the conclusion that our con¬
ditions are favorable to all. The crops we
raise for feed have been largely those in
connection with small grain raising, though
Alfalfa and clover are being grown suc¬
cessfully in a small Ava.v, the clover in
the eastern portion and the Alfalfa in the
Avest and southern portions. We have no
hesitanev in saying that North Dakota will
be wideiv known for its leguminous crops,
so that the feeding proposition will readily
solve itself when conditions demand.
u. f. flint. Dairy Commissioner.
North Dakota.
Some Good Cows. — Last Spring I started
a small dairy farm at Ilooksett, N. II.
This farm has been in my family about
180 years, ever since it Avas settled in fact.
The 'last part of April 1 had two cows and
before the first of May only sold 30 cans
of milk (8i/2 quarts) for $9. I increased
my herd from time to time, till now I
have 20. 1 didn’t get my twentieth cow
till long in November. Beginning with May
1 to the middle of January, 8y2 months,
I had sold $2,003 Avorth of milk. I aver¬
aged the number of cows I had had during
that time and the average was 14.41, thus
dividing the gross sales by 14.41 makes the
quotient $139. I should like to know if
that would be a correct method of arriv¬
ing at the product of the average cow >
December 15 my herd Avas tuberculin tested,
and since that time I have been getting
41 and 40 cents for an 8% quart can.
Manchester, N. II. J- <*•
Copperas for Congested Udder.
If Mrs. S. A., New Jersey, Avill get five
cents worth of copperas and give one tea¬
spoonful to her coav in bran night and
morning for three days, she will have no
more trouble. It is fine for giving to
coavs for caked udder when freshening.
This is my cure when anything goes wrong
with milk. M-
Copperas (sulphate of iron) is a good
tonic and astringent, and especially^ useful
when blood passes with the milk. We have
often prescribed it for that condition in
answers published in this paper. It may
also be useful in the first congestion of the
udder, but it is not a suitable drug in ad¬
vanced manmitis. Our readers should also
know that copperas cannot safely be given
to a cow in calf, as it is apt to cause abor¬
tion. A- s* A*
PAYS
MORE MONEY
GIVES
MORE SATISFACTION.!
NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED
WITH LICEJICKS, MITES, FLEAS,
SCAB.M ANGE, AND OTHER SKIN ,
DISEASES.
TO CLEAN OUT THESE
PARASITES, GUARD AGAINST
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES,
CLEANSE, PURIFY, AND
DEODORIZE. USE
&
ati.
Kreso
Dip N?1
BETTER THAN OTHERS, BECAUSE, IT IS
STANDARDIZED,
UNIFORM, DEPENDABLE, EFFICIENT. ONE
GALLON OF KRESO DIP NO.I MAKES 60
TO 100 GALLONS OF S0LUTI0N(DEPENDING
UPON WHAT USE IS TO BE MADE OF IT.)
A REAL NECESSITY ABOUT
H0RSES,CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE,
DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK FOR LEAFLET
DESCRIBING ANEW CEMENT HOG WALLOW, IF YOU
ARE INTERESTED.
PARKE.DAVIS&COj
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL
INDUSTRY.
^DETROIT.MICHy
U.S.A.
When we receive your
cream separator or¬
der it costs us 1 0 cents
to handle it. You pay
the 10 cents in addi¬
tion to factory cost and
factory profit. If an
agent takes your or¬
der it costs $25.00 to
$35.00 on top of all
the other costs, profits
and expenses. Take
your choice — buy
where you please, but
first send for the Econ¬
omy Chief Dairy Guide
for 1 9 1 1 . It costs you
nothing.
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Chicago, Illinois
This Safety Lift
Saves Your Strength
You can do more heavy lifting alone than three men by
the use of this handy device. Has a score of uses on the
tat 111 every day. Saves time and labor.
.lust the thing for changing wagon boxes and auto
bodies, stretching vires, moving heavy atones, storing
machinery, hoisting grain, doing any kind of lifting
about the" farm.
Morgan Safety Lift
Locks At Any Angle
Hollis or releasee a load at a given point
without use of confusing check cord. Cam
grips rope without gouging. Heavier the load,
1 the tighter it grips. No extra parts to get out
of order. So simple it can be operated by
one hand.
Made Entirely of Steel
Tulle vs and blocks of beRt possible construc¬
tion. Will last a lifetime. Drop forjeed
swivel hook makes it easy to move load
about without unfastening lift.
Sold Direct From Factory
Made in two sizes. 2,500 lbs. capacity
$1.75. 6,000 lbs. capacity $5.00 These prices
good for a limited time only. Order di¬
rect from the manufacturer and save
dealer’s and Jobber’s profits. Handiest thing
you ever had on the farm. Send for one to-day
I— at once — while you think of it — and take ad¬
vantage of these special introductory prices.
MORGAN BLOCK CO.
Dept. 18, Cleveland, O.
IT
Wanted at Once— A Man
To Mako $100 Per Month Above Expenses
1500 MEN THROUGHOUT THE U. S
ARE MAKING BIG MONEY
with otir large lino o£ over 80 different household neces¬
sities consistingof homo remedies, extracts, spices, soaps,
perfumes, toilet articles, stock and poultry preparations,
polishes, etc. all guaranteed under tho National Food
and Drugs Act and conforming to the Pure Food require¬
ments of every state. Sold chiefly to country penplo.
Wo import, manufacture and sell in enormous quantities
Capital and surplus over one million dollars. Factory
floor space nearly 5 acres.
We want one man in each unoccupied locality to take
full charge of everything pertaining to our business in
his district. Must bo of good health and habits, honest
and industrious, not under 21 nor over 50 years of ago.
able to furnish outfit similar to that illustrated above,
also several responsible men to vouch for his integrity.
Such under our instructions can mako not loss titan
$100 Per Month Clear Profit
above expenses first year, $1S00 second year and $2400
third year. Colored people or women not considered.
Previous experience or moro than ordinary education
not needed as with our thorough free course of i nstruc-
tion in salesmanship tho work is easily learned and a
big, pleasant, healthful, honorablo and permanent busi¬
ness quickly established.
If you can’t meet requirements don’t write: if you
think you can you aro tho man wo aro looking for and a
postal will bring you full particulars by return mail.
Lots of new men starting and territory filling rapidly,
so if interested write at once else territory vacant in your
locality will bo taken.
W. T. RAWLEIGH CO. 30-40 Lib. St. Freeport, III.
Use Indestructible Hameless Horse Collars
To Prevent and Cure Called Shoulders
Cheapest and best for owner— humane and comfortable for animal. Endorsed by
r„. Veterinarics, used by City Fire Depts.,U. S. Govt., and more than 100,000 farmers aadlcm-
sters. The Indestructible metal, zinc coated collar not only prevents sore necks and should-
crs but cure, while working, the galls and sores made by other collars. No horse owner can afford to be withoot our
Indestructible Collars
L they save tho cost of hatnos. pads and straps: save In Umo and
^ convenience In harnessing; are lighter, stronger and better. Always
keep their shape: can be made larger or smaller to fit animal spring fat or
fall poor. No spongy surface to absorb heat, sweat and dirt. Guaranteed not
to rust in any climate. Cheaper because everlasting. Quickly changed from
one harness to another. Tho ideal collar for all climates and conditions.
Let me send you my portfolio giving valuable pointere on how to get 100% horse
power all year around from your team. Its free and you will find it decidedly
nur reading. Indestructible collars arc sold direct where I have no dealers, and I II pay
the freight. Write me to-day and begin right away to save money time and horso,
collar troubles. No part of a harness was ever sold on such a broad and liberal guar¬
antee. because none other was ever so good, and you will say so too when you read my
folder. Good pay to live agents; exclusive territory. Write today. Address
FRED SLOCUM. General Manager, JOHNSTON-SLOCUM CO., 708 Stale Si., Caro, Mich.
AND UPWARD
SENT ON TRIAL.
FULLY
GUARANTEED.
AMERICAN=
SEPARATOR
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily
cleaned, perfect skimming separator for $15.95.
Skims warm or cold milk. Makes thick or thin
cream. Thousands in Use giving splendid satis¬
faction. Different from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity machines. The bowl
is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest
improvements. Our richly illustrated catalog
tells all about it. Our wonderfully low prices on
all sizes and generous terms of trial will astonish
you. We sell direct to user. No agents. Our
guarantee protects you on every American Sepa¬
rator. Western orders filled from Western points.
Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great
offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS,
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.,
BOX 1075
BAINBRIDGE, N. Y.
1911.
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending March 10, 1911.
BUTTER
An advance of one cent over last week's
prices is noted. Market on tho higher
grades of creamery is firm.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 25 @ .27
Good to Choice . 20 @ 24
Lower Grades . ...! 36 @ .19
Storage . 15 @ 21
State Dairy, best . 22 @ '23
Common to Good . 16 @ .20
Factory . w ^ p-
Packing Stock . \n © !l5
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 26 cents.
CHEESE
There is a fair business in fancy Fall
made colored cheese ; uncolored dull.
THE R U KA Iv NEW-YORKER
Full Cream, best .
16
Common to Good ....
.13
Skims .
KGGS
Receipts are lighter than tho preceding
week and the market correspondingly im¬
proved, though prices of the general run
of stock are not materially higher. The
old cold storage eggs are now practically
out of the market.
White, good to choice .
Mixed Colors, best ..
.26
22
Common to Good .
Storage .
W estern, best. . . .
Under grades .
.15
BEANS
i are rather large and the market
decidedly easy.
Marrow, 100 lbs . 3.25 @3.75
Medium . 3.00 & 3 46
E®?,* . . . 3.00 @ 3.50
Lima. California . 6.30 © 6.40
HOPS
Trade is very dull, though prices remain
firm.
Prime to Choice . * o8 20
Common to Good... . . . 25 @ 97
Pacific Coast . ’ '*>o Z,
Berman Crop, 1910 . .go @ .53
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 ©
QtnnHnw/l n 0 ^
lots.
.24
.15
very
13*
.12
.07*
.06
■06*
.30
.18
Standard Grade
DRIED FRUITS
Stock is scarce and the market
firm on choice evaporated apples.
Apples, evap. fancy . 13 ^
Kvap., com. to good . o<; ©
Chops . . f.
Cores and Skins . 05 rd)
. ::::::::::::: :» @
FRESH FRUITS
Receipts of apples continue large, with
trade of only a moderate volume. Straw¬
berries, plenty and market weaker.
1 «:SS
. 4$ S £4
Western— . 4'°° « «■»
b0X . 1-75 @2.35
Home, box . 1.75 ® 2*30
box . 2 00 @ 2.50
Cranberr'ie^- . ' . 160 ® 200
2B5 8
pSSiXv.'hiv.::::::::::::::: •••• If? f’K
:1 11
°Po b0X . 2 0? ® 3.00
California. . 250 @ 376
Grape Fruit. Fla. box . lio @ 800
Pineapples, Havana, 18s . l 00 @ ■>'«>>.
Porto Rico, 30s to 24s . 2.25 @ 275
HONEY
Market very quiet with moderate sales
of clover comb.
White Clover, lb . 12 u
Bnckwbeat.lb . ' 'na a, 'in
Extracted, lb . ::::::::::: Z @ ;!o
VEGETABLES
Potatoes are still lower, the market being
crowded with large quantities of poor stock
New southern cabbage is higher and selling
well. Cucumbers land lettuce poor and
lower. String beans and tomatoes plenty
and low.
Potatoes-N. Y. State. 180 lbs . 1.20 © 1.50
Maine . 1 *>5 w i ftn
Sweet, Jersey, bbl . ..*.!!!!•* !! 2.00 (ft 8 26
Sweet Virginia, bbl . ...I. T 50 @ 200
Asparagus, So. Car. f’ey doz . 10.00 @12 00
Good to prime. s rvt a,- <i
Brussels Sprouts, qt . . ng ' ?o
Southern, new, bbl . " 125 2 3'nn
Ctb^HDa"ish ^eed.ton... ...!”.* 9*00 @11.00
a ® a
iscca“,beh^Pla- bu . 2:00 © i:io
Kale, obi . . 2-'.M) ® wo
Kohlrabi Southern. 100 bushels....’.!! 2.50 © 4*00
Lettuce. *-bbi. bkt . . 2 .I'm
Peppers, Southern, bu . 2 00 @ 3 50
Fennel. Southern, bbl . . 2 25 @2 75
Horseradish, 100 lbs . 500 © 7'no
te bkt . 3^ a 600
viKra. ifla. Carrier . 2 00 rft a rvi
Onions, Orange Co., bag . “ 1 .50 @ 2*50
WhRea,dniZeShern’ 140 lb' bag . 2 00 ® 2-80
Peas Fla h, ®’ bU . 125 ®
Rad mhos. S'n * bbl.- bkt . ” ” lZ % 4 75
Sa“ifv‘<l(ln hUtbeen' H bbl . !•?> « 2.00
oaisiry ion bunches . 6 00 © 7 no
SpinachTm' bU . UB I 2.60
IqSSS’bM1:::.:*. . {* ®§*>
TwnX', ^rbaKa' bbl-- % i.oo
Parsnips, bbl . . fS ®
Tomatoes, Fla. orate**'*.”'.".*.*.*.'.*.*.".'. '.75
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
nlenf'v aiarket very weak. Cucumbers
LdXs ie£e wcfl ” n,M'"'ooras hl8""'
'S s IS
Mushrooms, lb . 15 @ .35
Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3.50
Rhubarb, doz bunches . 15 @ .50
Tomatoes, lb . 10 @ .20
BERMUDA PRODUCTS
Potatoes selling slowly. Parsley In heavy
supply and lower.
Potatoes, No. I, bbl . 5.50 @ 6.00
No. 2 “ . 4.50 © 6.00
Beets, bu. crate . 75 @ 1.00
Carrots, crate . 75 @ 1.00
Lima Beans, * bu . 2.50 @ 3 00
Peas. * bu . 1.50 @3.00
Parsley, bu. crate . &5 @1.00
Romalne, crate . 75 @ 1 .25
LIVE POULTRY
Arrivals are very heavy and the market
weak and unsettled.
Chickens, lb . 14 @ .15
Fowls. . . 15 @ .16
Roosters . 10 @ .11
Ducks . 16 @ .18
Geese . 10 @ .11
Turkeys . 15 @ .18
DRESSED POULTRY-Fresh Killed
The market on fresh-killed is in rather
better shape than last week, as the heat-
damaged supplies have been worked off.
Holders of cold storage stock are making
great efforts to get rid of their supplies
at cut prices.
Turkeys, Fancy . 20 @ 22
Common to Hood . 16 @ .29
Chickens, roasting, prime . 18 @ .20
Common to Good . 14 @ ■ .17
Fancy broilers, lb . 30 @ .35
P°wls . 14 @ .16
Capons, best, lb . 24 @ .25
Medium grades . 22 @ .23
Small and Slips . 14 ® .16
Squabs, doz . 2.00 @ 4.50
DRESSED POULTRY-FROZEN
Turkeys, best . 22 @ .23
Chickens, milk-fed broilers . .22 @ .26
Corn-fed broilers . 15 @ .20
Mi lk- fed roasters . 17 @ .19
Corn-fed roasters . 15 @ .16
Fowls . . . .16 @ .16
Ducks, best . is @ .20
Common to good . 14 @ .17
Geese . . @ .14
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Hothouse lambs of medium and low
grades very plenty and selling slowly.
Trade in calves is active.
Calves, good to prime . 13 @ .14
r Gommon . . 08 @ .12
Lambs, hothouse, head . 3.00 @ 7.60
Pork, light . .10 @ .11
Medium to heavy . 09 ra .09*
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 @ .17
HAY AND STRAW
Prime Timothy is rather scarce and firm,
t lover mixed of medium and above quality
selling well. Lower grades very dull.
?°- '■ ton . 20.00 @ 21.00
S°- i! . . © 19.50
. . . V ' . . . 14.60 @ 16.00
(-lover . 10.00 @ 14.00
Straw, Kye . 9.00 @ 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 @ 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers, 100 lbs . 6.10 @6 60
Oxen and Stags . 5.00 @ 5^5
c°ws . 2.40 @ 4 75
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 7.50 @11.00
sheep. mill.. . iZ % 1:88
J-a m 0s . g oo & 6 76
Ho«s . 7.50 @ 7.80
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.08 @
No. 2, Red . . ra
No. 1 Macaroni . 97 <a
Corn, as to quality, bush . 49 © *62
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ '37
Kfe . . @ .80
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 24 00 ® 25 00
Standard Middlings . 26.00 @ 27.50
Red Dog. . . 27.50 @ 28.00
Hominy Chop . 92.50 @ 23.70
Linseed Meal . 35.00 @ 3C.oo
Corn Meal . 23.00 @24.00
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.46
„ Middling Gulf . ' 1470
New Orleans, Low Middling . isas
Good Middling . 14.45
WOOL
Fleeces, Delaine, unwashed.
Ohio Fine, unwashed ..
Kentucky, three-eighths blood .
. .26
@
@
©
.26*
.23
.30
97 UL
Michigan, half blood .
TOBACCO.
Conn, broadleaf-iiller .
.08
in
Fine wrppers .
N. \ . State Fillers .
.06
.12
.19
.07
in
Gh
•w
Fine and Selections .
Ohio, Zimmer s Spanish _
Virginia Dark Lugs..
@
©
.16
.20
mix
Dark Leaf .
Bight Cutters .
.12
@
.30
Speaker (warming up to his subject) :
What we want is men with convictions,
and where shall we find them? Voice:
In jail, guv’nor!” — Penny Illustrated
Paper.
“Waiter!” called a diner at a local
club, “come here at once ! Here’s a
hook-and-eye in this salad !” Yessah,
yessah,” sa*d the waiter, grinning
broadly. “Dat’s a paht of de dressing,
seh !” — Cleveland Plain Dealer.
I was visiting a California turkey
farm last month when a boy applied
for a job. “Your references are good.
I’ll try you,” said the farmer. “Is there
any chance to rise, sir?” the boy asked.
“Yes,” said the farmer. “A grand
chance. \ ou 11 rise at four o’clock every
morning.”— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
The new cook, who had come into the
household during the holidays, asked her
mistress: “Where ban your son? I not
seeing him round no more.” “My son !”
replied the mistress pridefully. “Oh, lie
has gone back to Yale. He could only
get away long enough to stay until New
Year’s Day, you see. I miss him dread-
hilly, though.” “Yas. I knowing yoost
how you feel. My broder, he ban in
yail sax times since T’ankgiving ” _
Judge.
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One-Third the Cost of a New
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*• »• YT M, 4 x Cal1 on y°ur dealer, ask him to show you the “Perfec¬
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KING SPREADER
Distributes Lime, Ashes, Fertilizers,
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SAMPLE AT NO MONEY COST PLAN.
I Do You Intend To
FAbandon Your Farm?
In New England there are hundreds of abandoned farms— abandoned
because the soil has been drained of its fertility. Had these farms been
properly fertilized they would still be producing bounteous harvests.
New England farms are not the only ones that are being depleted of
fertility. There are thousands of other farms which are rapidly approaching
the point where further cultivation will be unprofitable unless some means is
adopted to renew the fertility of the soil.
If you do not intend to abandon your farm, it will be necessary to sup
ply fertilizer to the soil. It is not only necessary to apply manure, but it is
absolutely essential that it be applied evenly and in proper quantities.
Manure cannot be spread evenly by hand. Experience has demon¬
strated that the spreader is the only method by which manure can be
applied uniformly.
It is just as necessary to exercise judgment in
selecting a spreader as it is on any other subject.
There are many spreaders on the market. The I H C
spreader has proved its superiority by giving the users
years of efficient service. With an I H C spreader you
can regulate the distrioution of manure so as to make
every ounce count. Adjustments can be made to
spread a light top-dressing or a Heavy covering. This
is possible because I H C spreaders have a wide range
of feed, and the long, square, chisel-pointed beater
teeth thoroughly pulverize the manure that is applied.
Wide tires and roller bearings insure light draft,
I H C spreaders are made in three styles —
Cloverleaf— Corn King
Kemp 20th Century
Cloverleaf spreaders have endless aprons. Corn
King and Kemp 20th Century machines have return
aprons. These machines are made
with capacity suitable for farms of
any size.
Call on the I H C local dealer
and let him show you the style and
size best suited to your purpose.
If you prefer, write direct for cata¬
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of America Chicago USA
(Incorporated)
~5f
I H C Service Bureau
The Bureau Is a
center where the best
ways of doing things
on the farm, and data
relating to its devel¬
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and distributed free
to every one interest¬
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Every available
source of informa¬
tion will be used in
answering questions
on all farm subjects.
If the questions are
sent to the I H C
Service Bureau, they
receive prompt at¬
tention. -
374
THE KURAb NEW-YORKEH
March 18,
THE COW vs. THE HEN.
Among other letters from the cow¬
men are the following:
One of the members of our Subordinate
Grange, John Arfman, authorizes me to
say to you that he will pit a cow against
Mr. Dougan's 10 hens for 12 months if
fair details can be arranged. lie is willing
to put $50 or $25 in your hands, Mr.
Dougan to do the same, and the winner to
have all at the close of the year. Value
of milk to be computed at Borden whole¬
sale prices, and value of eggs and chickens
also to be reckoned at highest wholesale
quotations. o. w. mates.
New York.
Mr. Dougan speaks of comparing the
manufactured hen product against the raw
product of the cow. Will he consider it
a fair go if the receipts from ice cream,
charlotte russe, etc., were figured against
his chicks and eggs? If he gets 40 cents
per chick (which is cheap for good ones, as
I have paid myself $10 for 13 eggs), why
should not say a Hood Farm cow figure her
calf at $200? It would then simply be a
case of “who is the biggest?” If Mr. Dou-
gan wants a contest so badly, and he is
willing to stick to value of food produced,
why I think he ought not to find it so
hard to be accommodated. I am almost
ashamed to take his chickens. My actual
receipts from .32 ordinary cows for the past
three months are one dollar per day per
cow. If there is anything left of Mr.
Dougan but memory, let's hear what the
doctor says. ALBERT SCHIMMEL.
Long Island.
If you can formulate a plan that will be
fair I am ready with a cow any time. But
I shall insist that the hens be put under
inspection as well as the cow. Mr. Dougan
savs that he can get nine dozen eggs for
market and raise 36 broilers from each hen.
So I will take him at his word, and he
must sell nine dozen eggs or 90 dozen in
all, and all other eggs that the hens lay
may be incubated and the product sold as
broilers, but nothing as breeding stock. I
have a cow that is due to calve February
II that 1 would like to put up against the
hens. I will put her on authenticated
test under the supervision of the State
Agricultural College, and her butter shall
be figured from that test. I will actually
churn the butter and sell it for whatever
1 can get for it, and -will weigh her milk
and either raise a pig. on it or a calf, or
have its value estimated at so much per
hundred, as you think best. Of course, the
cow is worth several times what the hens
would be worth to me, but 1 have so much
confidence in her that I am willing to risk
her. I am not much of a hen man. but my
next door neighbor is quite an expert, and
knowing my cowt, he says that it will take
50 hens very well cared for to equal her
in profit. The test must begin by March
1, if I put this cow in.
New York. J. grant morse.
R. N.-Y. — We put these letters before
Mr. Dougan. As to the plan suggested
by Mr. Mapes the conditions are, in our
judgment, not quite fair. These 10 hens
may be worth $15, while the cow is
probably worth $150. To hold both
sides down to wholesale prices would
not be fair unless we let Mr. Dougan
take $150 worth of hens — or an equiv¬
alent of the cow’s value. One thing we
would like to bring out in this contest
is the ability of a man to sell his goods
to advantage. If Mr. Dougan can get
* a good share of the consumer's dollar
he should have the privilege. He does
not sell any birds or eggs as breeding
stock. We would advise him not to
enter a contest and be held down to
wholesale prices.
Mr. Albert Schimmel is one dairyman
in 10,000. He has a dairy right in New
York City, buys common cows and milks
them out and sells inspected milk at
high prices. Some of it is sold by the
glass. Thus one of his cows will, as he
says, earn one dollar a day. We do not
think this would make a fair contest, at
least not one which would prove what
we are after.
Mr. Morse makes
cept that he proposes
gan’s sale of eggs to
make any limit at all;
We make the condition that no eggs or
stock be sold for breeding purposes. It
must be a plain deal in food products.
Later the following letter was re¬
ceived from M r. Cloud :
If interested farmers will analyze W. J.
Dougan's figures they will find that his 104
hens had help part of the year from 17;>
pullets. Now my cow that returned me
$143 for milk in one year, produced a heifer
calf, but unfortunately for me the heifer
did not mature in a year so as to help her
mother out with the milk production. When
I first answered Mr. Dougan's challenge 1
had no idea of boasting of my cow. 1 sim¬
ply hoped 1 might awaken some dairymen
to" the need of keeping records, and know¬
ing which cows make money and which are
boarders. In regard to Mr. Dougan's chal¬
lenge to put his hens against my cow, win¬
ner to take both, I enjoy all sorts of games,
even to a horse race, but I never yet
plaved for a stake. We also keep Leghorn
hens, and could tell some tall stories about
them, for we know more than we do about
the cows. We know what it costs to raise
and keep them, and something of the losses
from roup, foxes, hawks, etc.
Chester Co., I’a. r. allen cloud.
As it seems difficult to organize a
satisfactory lien and cow contest we
have arranged with Mr. Dougan to make
a year's test of 10 Wyandotte and 10
Leghorn liens. Reports will be printed
regularly, and if others want to start
similar "tests for comparison we shall be
glad to hear from them.
A LARGE MINK STORY.
I find some interesting skunk and weasel
stories in The R. N.-Y., so will give my
experience with a mink. More than 40
years ago I went on to a homestead in
Kansas; I built a small henhouse of poles,
chinked the cracks with hay, and covered
and banked with hay. One cold night, with
snow on the ground, I heard a squalling
out there and ‘hiked” out only half dressed,
with a candle and matches ; got into the
henhouse, lit my light and there lay six
biddies dead and a big mink trying to get
more. I struck at .him a dozen or more
times with a club ; but couldn't hit him,
lie was so quick. Every time I gave him
a close call he would run out through the
hole he had made in the chinking; but
would come right in again. As 1 was feel¬
ing the cold I concluded I would “catch him
alive,” so holding my hand just above
the hole when he stuck his head through
and smelt of my hand (he was not a bit
afraid), I made a grab for his neck, but he
slipped back and I missed him ; he came
right through again ; and when through all
but his hind quarters. I made another grab
and got him around the neck. Now if you
never had hold of a big live mink you
can have no idea of their prodigious
strength ; but I held him, though he
scratched my wrist fearfully and took him
into the house and pounded his head with
a hammer. His hide brought me $1.50,
which just squared the account for the
biddies he had killed. J. p. little.
New Mexico.
a good offer, ex-
to limit Air. Dou-
nine dozen. Why
If there is more
irofit in broilers or chicks, why should
lot Mr. Dougan be permitted to handle
lis eggs as he sees fit — provided both
;ggs and chicks are sold as food and
tot as breeding stock ? Again, we doubt
f it is what the public wants, or a fair
leal, to put up a purebred, superior cow
igainst 10 ordinary hens. If these hens
were kept to sell high-class breeding
stock, it would be another thing, but all
that is claimed for them is that they
ire just ordinary hens, such as any
;areful farmer can produce. Mr. Dou¬
gan figures that his hens averaged 164
eggs each last year — not a large yield
compared with some of the claimed
“records.” Our own desire is to have
this contest between the hens and an
“ordinary” cow — that is, one such as
would be found in a good dairy herd.
In other words, a cow that would com¬
pare well as a farm animal with Mr.
Dougan’s hens. On examining his offer
on page 113 you will see that he named
such cows as Mr. Cloud named. 1 he
R. N.-Y. and not Mr. Dougan is respon¬
sible for broadening out the cow limit.
We advise him to stick to his challenge
to ordinary cows, to submit to reason¬
able inspection, and to claim the right to
sell his eggs and chickens wherever he
can get the best price for them as food.
City Manure and Fertilizer.
How does Now York City manure at
$2.30 per ton compare with a high grade
commercial fertilizer at $30 per ton, both
the first crop and lasting value to the land.
w. E. T.
What is the analysis of the “commercial
fertilizer at $30 ?:’ We cannot make any
comparison until we know how much nitro¬
gen, phosphoric acid and potash the fer¬
tilizer contains. The ton of manure con¬
tains about 10 pounds nitrogen, six pounds
of phosphoric acid and 12 of potash, and
is a fair bargain at $2.30. Now let us
know what is guaranteed for the fertilizer
and we can compare them.
The Farmer’s Son’s
Great Opportunity
- Why wait for the old farm to become your in¬
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l’ree Homesteads of 160 acres and
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For pamphlet "Last Best West,” particulars
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Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
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869 Calloway Sta. Waterloo, la
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Some day you will want to mix your own
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m
Clip Your Horses and
Cows with this Machine
Horses should be clipped in the spring. Clipped horses thrive on
less feed, are healthier, look better and do better work. They dry
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ne uara. i ucy ait
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1911.
THE HI 1RAL N E W -VORKKK
AILING ANIMALS.
Hygroma.
I have a two-year-old registered heifer
that has a bunch or bruise on front knee.
Is there any hope of taking it off per¬
manently? She is a valuable animal, and
it spoils her beauty. f. m. s.
New York.
Bruising on manger is the cause and
fluid no doubt is present in a cyst. It can
be successfully operated upon by an expert.
External applications will do no good.
A. s. A.
Thrush.
I purchased a brood mare a short time
ago, and she has thrush in the fore feet.
What can I do for it? I notice some ad¬
vise not to cure if in the fore feet, as it
is liable to cause the horse to go lame. Is
this true? F. w. c.
Pennsylvania.
Keep stall floors clean and dry. Clean
out cleft of frog and pack with calomel
once daily, retaining it in place with
pledgets of oakum or cotton. Thrush should
be cured as soon as possible in either fore
or hind feet. It very rarely causes lame¬
ness. a. s. A.
Bone Spavin ; Catarrh in Sheep.
1. Will you give treatment for bone
spavin on a horse? 2. I have a flock of
sheep, most of them run at the nose. I
notice some of the lambs are running at
the nose same as the old ones. What can
I do for them? T. m. w.
1. When lameness is present the best
treatment is to have the spavin and hock
Joints fired and blistered by a qualified vet¬
erinarian, and then tie the horse up short
in stall for six weeks absolute rest. 2. Keep
the sheep out of doors as much as pos¬
sible, but protect from wet and from
driving winds. Dirty, badly ventilated
stables often cause catarrh in sheep.
a. s. A.
Periodic Ophthalmia,
I have a horse that has sore eyes ; some¬
times one eye will be sore and sometimes
both ; the eyes water, and are real red
inside of eye. In Summer time they are
all right; Fall and Winter they will get
sore. Some say it is moon blindness.
Could you tell me what is wrong and what
to do for it? J- H- B-
Pennsylvania.
The disease is periodic ophthalmia (moon
blindness), and incurable. It causes blind¬
ness after successive attacks. Bathe the
eyes twice daily with a 10 per cent, solu¬
tion of boric acid when inflamed. Darken
the stable. This will afford some degree
of relief. Giving a dram of iodide of potash
in the drinking water night and morning for
five consecutive days a week will tend to
retard blindness. a. s. a.
Ringworm.
How can we destroy a parasite which
is giving both man and beast great trouble
here? Our local veterinarian has been
treating this for two months; he gave re¬
lief but no cure as yet. He told me to
apply the wash with my hand, and I did
once too many times for my own good. I
got 12 of the parasites lodged in one hand
and wrist. They were the most interesting
little colony that I ever had anything to
do with. I applied blue vitriol and iodine
to stop their spreading, but could not. The
veterinarian calls this disease mange or
Mexican itch. A. T.
The disease is no doubt ringworm, due
to the vegetable parasite Tricophyton ton¬
surans. Scrub each spot clean, and when
dry rub in castor oil freely. Repeat ap¬
plication of iodine every other day, and
use the oil once or twice daily.
a. s. A.
Ailing Cow.
I have a young cow that came in last
Summer with her second calf. About four
weeks or so after calving she acted very
strangely one milking time, staggering up
to be milked and apparently blind, as she
would walk into trees and over rocks. I
called in two veterinarians, one of whom
thought she had a stroke. We doctored her
quite a while. She improved and regained
her sight, keeping to her milk all the time
but she is growing poorer and losing in
flesh, although apparently feeling well. She
frolics and acts lively and looks well every
other way, only growing poor. What feed 1
would you recommend? Do you think it ;
possible that she might have shingle nails
or anything of that sort in her internal
organs? We shingled barns this Summer.
What would you advise? farmer.
New York.
In the first place we would suspect that
the staggering and temporary blindness was
associated with some severe derangement of
the digestive organs. In some instances it
Is due to impaction of the third stomach
(leaves or manyplies) ; in others' to some
other form of indigestion or to poisonous
or irritating matters in the feed. As other
cattle do not seem to have been similiarly
affected we can scarcely take this to be a
case of weed poisoniug.or forage poisoning
from molds. It is possible that foreign bod¬
ies, such as shingle nails, have been taken
in ; but where such foreign bodies cause
derangement of the digestive organs it is
almost certain that the animal will suffer
from chronic bloating of the rumen (pauneb,
on left side). We do not think it likely that
she is in calf. Taking the history and cir¬
cumstances into consideration we are unable
to advise as to treatment which would
probably restore health and on general prin¬
ciples, would consider it highly advisable
to have her tested with tuberculin, lest
tuberculosis should happen to be present.
That disease is always to be suspected
when a cow gradually fails and becomes
emaciated from unknown cause. a. s. a.
Hoofs Sloughing.
I desire a little information in regard
to a sick mare. She is a little aged, but
otherwise she lias always been very hearty.
Recently I drove her a few miles and when
I came home with her she was apparently
as well as ever ; she ate her dinner and
supper as usual, but the next morning
■when I went to the stable, I found her
with her left hind leg very much swollen
and refused to eat. I applied hot water
and hot vinegar and salt, and the next
morning when I went to the stable both
hind legs were considerably swollen. I
again applied hot vinegar and water again ;
seeing no satisfactory results I called a
veterinary. He said she had a little kidney
trouble, but would be all right in a few days.
On the following Monday she had a yellow
ring around the top of hoofs, with a nasty
discharge and the hoofs were loose all
around and looked as though they were
coming off. I called in the veterinary again v
he said she was, going to lose her hoofs
and the best thing to do was kill her.
I have not done so yet, and at present
time she eats heartily and gets up herself
and walks real well, but her hoofs are still
loose behind. I don’t think they are
quite as bad in front as they were. I have
had old men who have had quite an ex¬
perience with horses and they all say they
have never seen such a case before. I
would like to know what this is and what
is the cause, and I would also like to
know if there is such a thing as a horse
losing its hoofs. j. m. p.
Reisterstown, Md.
It is not uncommon for sloughing of the
hoofs to take place when horses have been
poisoned by ergot in their hay or in ripe
grain, or in pasture grass. Late cut June
grass is particularly liable to cause “er¬
gotism.” Sloughing may also happen in
acute eoronitis, suppurating corn, nail
prick and founder. We cannot say what
has caused the condition in the case of
your mare or promise much hope of re¬
covery. Home treatment will not avail.
Call in a graduate veterinarian in place of
the man you have previously employed.
a. s. A.
Troubles with Swine.
Will you tell me what to do to eradicate
a sort of “scurf” which comes on my pigs?
Is it contagious and must pens be disin¬
fected to kill it? It appears mostly on
the backs of the pigs, a sort of scabby sur¬
face and at times scales off. I have washed
them with disinfectant soap, also greased
them with sulphur and lard ; as yet have
been unable to kill it. Pens are kept clean
and mostly dry and have washed pen out
and sprinkled slaked lime on the floors.
I have a young pig about five months old,
which has some trouble with its legs.
While standing at trough feeding it fell
to the floor and seemed to be helpless.
Hind legs act like being weak or rheumatic,
standing slanting toward head and at times
shivers as though cold, although in warm
pen in bank barn. This pig has been kept
in dry pen and bed, allowed to run around
stables, feeding it wheat middlings, with
bran mixed and wet, also corn on cob, be¬
side slop from house. It might be that It is
overfed or that has been kicked by a cow
while rooting around the excrement at the
cow’s stall. I am interested in hog rais¬
ing and am having some discouraging ex¬
periences. Can you recommend some au¬
thority on hog raising in book form that
would cover diseases and remedies, as well
as rearing same? t. j. l.
Pennsylvania.
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ing plan.
Dirty skin in hogs simply means lack
of health and thrift, and particularly in¬
activity of the excretory organs and blood
circulation. Penning the pigs and feeding
heavily explains the trouble and local ' rem¬
edies will not avail. One must remove
the cause ; then the skin will become
healthy in unison with health of all of the
other organs of the body. Turn the pigs
out, but provide a dry, clean pen, bedded
with shredded corn fodder for them to run
to at night. Feed roots and Alfalfa hay or
mlage may take place of roots. Stop feed¬
ing <oin. Skim-milk and middlings may be
f ven once daily. Apply to skin a mix¬
ture of one part kerosene and two parts
0li' lE"b 11 *'«■ a bnish P A,
•Ticket™ S/™d T”"' m,,<T hr"U of
V That is the trouble, and It
omes from the causes mentioned. Prof
Dietrick s book on swine will give you
ing Tn f info™ation> a^o “Swine Breed-
SfJ“ A™nCa' by F- D' Cobu,n’ Pri<*
office U may bC °rdered through this
A. B. A.
Heaves.
V<?- a mai’° eight years old 1 bought
last Spring. Last Summer she began to
cough and has a rattling in her head or
throat, but think it is in the head. This
Winter she is much worse; sometimes
coughs up a mattery substance, breathes
hard at times, and sides work like a horse
that has the heaves. She is in good work¬
ing order. After working her a while she
sei ms to be better, and if she sweats any
w iile working she coughs worse next morn¬
ing. I bred her last May. I feed her six
ears of corn three times a day, and bran
ith corn ; give fodder at evening and hay
In the morning dampened with lime water.
Can there be anything done for her?
°hio- N. g.
There can be no question that this is
a bad case of heaves, and incurable. Dis¬
tress may, however, be lessened by feeding
wet oat straw in Winter and grass in place
of hay in Summer. Feed whole oats and
bran in place of corn. Do not feed any
bulky food at noon. Do not work her soon
after a meal, it is not wise to breed from
a mare afflicted with heaves, as tendency
to the disease is hereditary. a. s. a.
Lameness.
I have a mare about 12 years old. When
taken out of the stable she walks stiffly,
when in a slow trot goes lame on the off
fore leg, and nigh hind leg, not very badly,
but so that it is noticeable ; after driving
three or four miles it passes off, and she
travels free. Then if allowed to stand
for a short time even she will act the same
way ; stiff and lame for a time and then
get over it. Is it likely to be caused by
rheumatism? She is in good condition, but
rather a light feeder. I have only owned
her about 10 days and know nothing of her
previous to that time. She did not show
any lameness at the time I bought her, but
started to go lame on the way home and
the next night there was a slight swelling
of the cords between the knee and fetlock of
the “off” fore leg, which I easily reduced
by bathing with hot water. A. w. b.
Massachusetts.
Rheumatism may be present, but it Is
much more likely that you have had a
chronic case palmed off upon you by a
sharp dealer. Without an examination we
are unable to say what causes the lame¬
ness, so it will be necessary to employ a
qualified veterinarian. A. s. A.
Farmers’ House Companies.— -J. Grant
Morse’s article on the “Farmers’ Horse Com¬
pany,” certainly will be of great value to
farmers, as it has brought out the fact
that this “graft” has been worked in
many places over the country. We had the
game worked here, and strange to say, there
were 24 suckers found who would put up
IH’A00 for„ a horse that was worth perhaps
$600 or $800. As usual the agent came
here and got two well-known men to head
the list of stockholders (and it is a well
settled fact that these two “leaders” got
their stock free) and then had little trouble
in getting the rest of the signers. It is a
shame that there can bo men found in a
community who will lend their influence to
help swindle their neighbors, when there is
a graft in it for themselves.
Montgomery Co., Ill. jesse w. OSROtlM
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
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«1TC5
'THE) reUR-A-L* NEW-YORKER
March 18,
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘"protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
— a “wide” ration moans one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
Ration for Holsteins.
Will you give a balanced ration for grade
Holsteins giving 10 to 12 quarts of milk,
using the following feeding stuffs : Mixed
hay, largely clover; corn stover; mangels;
corn and cob meal? We can buy here bran,
gluten, cotton-seed meal, linseed meal and
wheat middlings. a. c. s.
New Hampshire.
If your cows are good fresh Holsteins
they should be able to give more than
10 or 12 quarts of milk per day. I would
suggest that you mix your feed in the
following proportions and see if they will
not eat enough feed so that they will
greatly increase their production of
milk without over-feeding them :
Digestible
Dry Pro- Carbs.
Feeding Stuff. Matter, tein. and Fat.
12 lbs. mixed hay and
clover . 10.44 .744 5.52
8 lbs. corn stover.... 4.80 .136 2.72
20 lbs. mangels . 1.80 .22 1.12
4 lbs. corn and cob
meal . 3.4 .176 2.66
2 lbs. cotton - seed
meai . 1.84 .744 .888
1 lb. linseed meal (O.
P.) . 91 .293 .485
4 lbs. wheat bran.... 3.52 .488 1.812
26.71 2.801 15.205
Nutritive ration 1 :5.4.
C. S. G.
Ration for Milch Cows.
How much of each of the following
should be used fed twice a day (morning
and evening) to 800-pound cows in full flow
of milk? Fodder cut short, wheat bran,
Buffalo gluten, cottou-seed meal, and corn
and cob chop ; the other ingredients to be
sprinkled on the fodder and all to be
moistened with hot water and left stand 12
hours before feeding. At dinner cows are
to be fed clover hay. Have I omitted any
necessary thing for a balanced ration?
Pennsylvania. I. m. w.
I would suggest that you mix youT
ration in the following proportions, _ feed¬
ing half in the morning and half in the
evening, except the clover hay, which
may be fed at noon, continuing your
present custom.
Digestible
Dry Pro- Carbs.
Feeding Stuff. Matter, tein. and Fat.
12 lbs. cut corn fodder. 6.96 .30 4.476
7 lbs. clover hay.... 5.95 .476 2.772
3 lbs. bran . 2.64 .366 1.359
2 lbs. Buffalo gluten. 1.80 .464 1.398
2 lbs. cotton - seed
meai . 1.84 .744 .888
4 lbs. corn and cob
chop . 3.40 .176 2.66
22.59 2.526 13.553
Nutritive ration 1 :5.4.
This combination makes a well-bal¬
anced ration, but it contains no succulent
material. Better results could be ob¬
tained by substituting silage, roots or
dried beet pulp for a part of the ration
suggested. If none of these is available
you could add a little oil meal, if re¬
quired, to prevent constipation.
c. s. G.
Lice on Cattle; Insufficient Ration.
My cow has been standing in the stable
with little exercise save occasionally a day
out in the sun. I have fed her about two
quarts of oats in the morning and a bundle
of cornstalks and one-half bushel carrots ;
at noon I give her stalks and at night
stalks again and one-half bushel of car¬
rots. I have fed my calf, horn in April,
the same, with one quart oats at night
extra. This feed I was advised to give by
a neighboring farmer. I am a city man just
starting in on a farm. My cow and calf
now have hair falling out ; a slight pull qn
the hair anywhere will bring a hunch of it,
leaving the skin bare ; big patches of skin
are bare around her neck and abdomen.
The hair on the legs does not pull out so
easy. The calf is afflicted somewhat in the
eame manner, but not so badly. They both
rub and lick themselves when loose as
though the skin itched a good deal. What
do vou suppose is the matter. Don’t I feed
right, or have they some skin disease? The
cow is very old and has had the garget.
I have cornstalks with grain in it, oats and
carrots and potatoes, hay and straw. How
can I make a ration out of these for cow
and horse three times a day? w. I. o.
You should examine your cow and
calf for lice, and if any are found you
should kill them without delay. I have
found unguentum or blue ointment to be
a good remedy when applied to the
stanchions and on the head of the ani¬
mals back of the horns where they cannot
get at it to lick it off, as it is very poi¬
sonous. If you prefer to use some of
the coal tar preparations mixed with
sulphur this will also kill the lice, but
it must be applied all over the animal at
least twice, a few days apart, to be ef¬
fective.
The feed you are using constitutes
practically a maintenance ration for the
cow. The calf will grow some on the
feed given, but you could improve the
calf ration by adding some oil meal and
wheat middlings, and feeding a good
quality of meadow hay instead of the
stalks. Hay and oats make a fairly good
ration for a horse, but other feeds are
necessary for the production of milk.
You should feed your horse according
to the amount of work he is doing. If
he is growing poor increase the grain ra¬
tion and add a little corn or cornmeal.
If you are trying to get milk from your
cow I would suggest that you try some
of the milk-producing rations given in
The R. N.-Y. from week to week.
C. S. G.
Ration for Guernseys.
Will you compound me a balanced ration
for Guernseys? My object is milk and
butter. I have several hundred bushels of
corn and oats, equal parts, and I would
like to use as much as possible of this. I
can buy dried beer grains at 320 ; distillers’
grains, $32 ; Winter bran, $27 ; Spring
bran, $24 ; cotton-seed meal, $34 ; oil meal
(old process), $38; gluten feed, $32. My
roughage consists of cornstalks and mixed
Timothy hay and clover (two-thirds
Timothy and one-third clover). It is not
possible to have corn and cob ground to¬
gether. k. o. H.
New York.
If you can buy good quality of dry
brewers’ grains containing 15 to 20 per
cent digestible protein and 60 to 65 per
cent total digestible nutrients for $20
per ton, I think it would pay you to feed
it. Following is the analysis of a bal¬
anced ration which I would suggest for
you to try:
Digestible
Dry Pro- Carbs.
Feeding Stuff. Matter, tein. and Fat.
8 lbs. corn stover.... 4.8 .136 2.72
10 lbs. Timothy hay.. 8.7 .28 4.65
5 lbs. clover hpv.... 4.25 .34 1.98
2 lbs. dried brev/ers’
grains . 1.84 .314 .956
3 lbs. cottonseed meal 2.76 1.116 1.332
5 lbs. corn and oats _
(ground) . 4.45 .435 2.645
26^8 2.621 14.283
Nutritive ration 1 :5.4.
This ration is intended for 1,000
pound cows giving 25 to 30 pounds of
milk per day. To prepare for feeding
you should soak the beer grains about
12 hours before feeding, and then mix
the other grain in at feeding time. Be
very careful to have the grain well mixed
so that each cow gets her proper por¬
tions. The mangers should always be
cleaned out thoroughly before feeding, as
they are liable to get sour and present
a bad odor if allowed to remain dirty.
C. S. G.
Distillers’ or Brewers’ Grain.
I requested quotations on dried distill¬
ers’ grains, but received same on brewers’
dried grains. If not the same, which is
the better, and is a slop so made good for
milch cows? Is this feed desirable with
dried beet pulp, and how long should this
be put to soak before feeding? a. m. r.
Bowling Green, Ky.
Dried brewers’ grains have a nutritive
ratio of 1:3, while a good quality of
dried corn distillery grains, like Ajax
flakes or Biles XXXX, has a nutritive
ratio of about 1:2.2 so you see the dis¬
tillery grains contain considerably more
protein in proportion to the carbohy¬
drates and fat than is found in the dried
brewery grains, therefore the distillery
grains are worth more and usually cost
more. Dealers often try to sell brewers’
grains in place of distillers’ grains so
they can make a larger profit. In select¬
ing the best feed to use of course the
cost must he taken into consideration as
well as the chemical analysis. In buying
any feed of this kind it is very important
to ask for a copy of the chemical analysis
of it, showing the percentage of digestible
protein, carbohydrates and fat which it
contains, and if this request is not com¬
plied with it is good cause for suspicion
that the feed is not sold on its merits.
Be sure to have that word digestible in
your request, as it is more important to
know what percentage of the nutriments
of a certain feed your cows can digest
and convert into milk and flesh than it
is to to know the total amount of nutri¬
ment which may be more or less diges¬
tible. I can see no reason why you can¬
not feed a mixture of dried brewers or
distillers’ grains and dried beet pulp to
good advantage, but the ration could be
improved by the addition of one or two
pounds of cotton-seed meal unless your
roughage is composed partly of protein
feeds like clover or Alfalfa, in which
case the cotton-seed would not be re¬
quired. The beet pulp should always be
soaked several hours before feeding.
Dried brewers’ grains should also be
soaked in the same way, but neither
should be fed in a sloppy condition. It
is not necessary to soak the distillery
grains, since as good results can be se¬
cured by simply mixing them with the
feed that has been previously soaked just
before feeding. c. s. G.
Old Grouchy: “And you say there
is no hope for me doctor?” Dr. Blunt:
“None whatever. You’ll be dead in two
weeks.” Old Grouchly: “Can’t you
make it one week instead of two, doc¬
tor?” Dr. Blunt: “Why?” Old
• Grouchly : “Because the premium on
my life insurance will he due in 10
days.” — Credit Lost.
For all crops
and all time
BOWKER’S FERTILIZERS
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It Shows on the Scales
The old methods of feeding- stock are wasteful — expensive —
unscientific. Corn and oats lack essential qualities. Cannot fatten as
a complete balanced ration does. Try it. You’ll see the actual differ¬
ence on the scales. Feed your stock
A
STOCK FEED
Watch your animals thrive on it. See their weight of solid fat and
flesh mount up to money-making figures. Made of Corn, Oats, Barley and
their by-products, ground and kiln dried — furnishes the needed fat, protein,
carbohydrates and fibre. All stock — horses, mules, steers, cows, sheep, etc. —
relish it, eat it eagerly; grow fat at less expense than the old way — keep in
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The GREAT WESTERN CEREAL CO. £& Chicago
MAKERS OF QUALITY FEEDS
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BRANCHES
Boston, New York, Pittsburg, Pliiladclpliia, St. Louis, Indianapolis, Memphis
I
1911.
RESTORATION OF LAND.
IF. B. R., Lincoln , N. J. — My farm has
been used the last seven years for corn and
rye, and as far as I am able to learn no
fertilizer. Soil is somewhat sandy,
red shale bottom and does not leach
out. I propose to seed 10 acres to rye in
May, plow it down for wheat, top-dress
with nitrate of soda, 100 pounds to acre
this Fall early; next Spring 100 pounds
more nitrate of soda to acre ; wheat this
Spring 100 pounds nitrate of soda, also
practically the same on all crops. I figure
I could bring up the ground this way
cheaper than buying manure. Grass is very
poor, no clover has been sown, but see
some growing around. What would you
do for hay? What do you think of this
plan? This farm has no pasture, although
it contains 100 acres, so I have to raise
feed for Summer also. I propose putting in
four or five acres of millet for Winter hay
for cattle, but I am told it is not good for
horses.
Ans. — There are two faults with your
plan as outlined. One is sowing rye for
a Spring crop to be plowed under. The
other is using nitrate of soda alone as a
fertilizer. It would be better to sow
Canada field peas alone or with oats in
place of the rye. This would give you
hay if you cared to cut and cure the
crop or, if you plowed it under, it
would be more useful than rye. The
peas will give you greater bulk to plow
uncfer and are superior to the rye, as
they will take nitrogen from the air.
For a soiling crop the oats and peas
and fodder corn will do well. Nitrate
of soda is excellent to supply nitrogen,
but it contains no potash or phosphoric
acid, both of which will be needed on
such a soil and farm. If you use the
nitrate alone you will get a rank, spind¬
ling growth at first, which will not
mature. Mix one part nitrate, one part
muriate of potash and two parts acid
phosphate, and you will have a good
combination for all your crops. These
chemicals are all “immediately avail¬
able.” Millet makes good green feed
and the hay is good for cattle — but not
for horses.
Fumigating for Mosquitoes.
O. A. C., Madison, N. J. — About two
years ago I saw in your paper directions
for fumigating a cellar in Winter to rid
It of mosquitoes. We had many of them
In the Fall, especially in the cellar. I wish
to act upon your suggestion. Will you send
me instructions? Will the chemical used
do any harm to the carpets on the floors
above if any of the smoke should go through
the ceiling of the cellar?
Ans. — The adult mosquitoes live
through the Winter in holes, barns, cel¬
lars, or small places where they are
sheltered. In the Spring they come out
hunting for stagnant water and lay their
eggs. Fumigation during the Winter
will generally get them. Jimson weed
(Datura stramonium) is used. Eight
ounces of the powdered weed burned in
a close, warm room will fumigate 1,000
cubic feet. Another material is made by
using equal parts by weight of carbolic
acid crystal and gum camphor. Take
one pound of carbolic acid crystals in
a bottle and liquefy by placing the bottle
in hot water. Take a pound of gum
camphor, break into small pieces and
put in a one quart jar. As the acid
liquefies pour it over the gum camphor,
when it has all dissolved there will be
one quart of a slightly reddish heavy
liquid. This will keep indefinitely if
covered. Three ounces of this evap¬
orated by burning in a metal pan over
an alcohol stove will kill all flies and
mosquitoes and other insects in 1,000
cubic feet of space. It will not hurt the
carpet, or fixtures.
Alfalfa with Peas and Oats. — I have
noticed several inquiries in regard to sow¬
ing Alfalfa following oats and peas for
hay ; I have tried this plan with success.
It is a wise method to sow about one
pound of inoculated Alfalfa seed per acre
with the oats in the Spring. After taking
the oats and peas off for hay disk the
ground thoroughly or plow very shallow,
(plow deep in Spring), and sow Alfalfa
seed latter part of July or early in August.
If upon examination the Alfalfa sown in
the Spring is found well supplied with
nodules, you know that your soil is inocu¬
lated and the development of the nodules
is usually evidence that Alfalfa will suc¬
ceed on that soil. If the nodules do not
develop apply more lime before seeding to
Alfalfa in July or August. b. f.
Hale, Mich.
--Ti-if; rural
LEGAL MATTERS.
Title for Tax Sales.
A buys a tract of land at Suffolk County.
N. Y., tax sale in 1902, and the certificate
reads that A shall be entitled to a con¬
veyance of the said land from the county
treasurer of Suffolk County in two years
if not sooner redeemed. It is nine, years
now. Can B’s heirs have the certificate can¬
celled now and can B sue A for cutting
wood on said land after three years after
he bought it at tax sale? u. r.
A tax title gives only such rights as
the State possessed. If in any of the
preliminary steps the State, by its offi¬
cers, failed to comply with the law, the
deed can be set aside. If the tax title
is good it will convey the same rights
that any good deed would convey. You
do not give sufficient data whereby this
can be determined. It would be best to
consult your local attorney on the mat¬
ter.
Damage from Runaway.
In a village a team of horses were left
in front of a house while the owner went
to the door. They started and ran for
quite a distance. Would the owner be re¬
sponsible for damages to anything they ran
into? a. r. t.
Connecticut.
A person who by his own negligence
causes a loss to another who has been
free from negligence, ' must pay for the
damage. The question in this case
would be: Was the owner negligent in
leaving the team unhitched? Here the
character of the horses, the condition of
the street, the time he left them and
other matters would mitigate damages.
Then, too, the character of the thing
into which the team ran would affect
the matter. Was there contributory
negligence on the part of the owner of
this thing run into? You have opened
up a question which cannot be answered
by yes or no but must be carefully and
fairly considered in the light of all the
facts.
Violation of Agreement.
I have an equal share with a second
party in 20 acres of farm land In Wash¬
ington, U. S. A., and during last November
the second party arranged to buy my share,
everything was satisfactorily agreed for the
second party to make out a cheque for the
amount required. Yet after a lapse of six
or seven weeks the second party called off
the agreement. During the period of the
above negotiations I turned down another
offer elsewhere on the strength of the sec¬
ond party’s agreement. I also bought an¬
other piece of land on the strength of the
above agreement, expecting to pay for it
out of the sale of my share in the 20-acre
patch. The agreement referred to was
made to me in writing by the second party.
Can I hold the second party up to his
agreement? If not, can I sue for breach
of contract? Can I sell to a third party
without the second party’s consent, pro¬
vided the third party is reliable? H. w.
Vancouver, B. C.
A verbal contract for the sale of
land is void. If your contract was in
writing, duly signed, you could com¬
mence suit for enforcement of the same.
Your best remedy would be to secure a
release and sell the land to some other
person.
1M LLW - YORKER
CAROLINA
COAST
AN IDEAL FARM
AND HOME IN
THE SOUTH
Thousands of Acres— Rich,
Black Soil; Virgin Farm Lands
fronting on the ocean.
PA II IITDV In the world’s finest dim-
lUUn I ni
Write us for Free Illustrated Booklet, Maps, etc.
Address W. W. CROXTON, G.P.A., Norfolk
Southern R. R., Dept. D, Norfolk, Va.
KNOW Your Weights — Don’t Guess
Tlie successful fanner of to-day KNOWS the exact
weight of the supplies he purchases; he KNOWStoa
certainty how much the products weigh that lie sells.
Accurate weights are a big. vital feature in prolit-
able farming. Public scales areexpensive, unreliable
and often situated at a distance.but every farmer can
be sure of perfect accuracy if he owns an
OSGOOD
PITLESS SCALE
These Scales are absolutely reliable — warranted so.
Every farmer can now afford one.
Send for catalogue.
STEEL
FRAME
OSGOOD SCALE CO.,
Box 157 , Binghamton, IT.Y.
M
e ■ isw® f K;l
*®im tefe® JT§npm,9/
“IBUYING A HORSE AND -
SMITH NEEDED A HORSE. HE KNEW LITTLE
ABOUT HORSES. SO BOUGHT ONE OF A "GYP”
FOR $75.00. HIS "CHEAP” HORSE WENT
TO THE BAD, COST HIM BIG DOCTOR
BILLS AND GAVE NO SERVICE. OF
COURSE SMITH WAS SORE. HE
SOLD HIS "BARGAIN” HOUSE -
AT A LOSS, WENT TO A
REPUTABLE DEALER.
PAID $200.00 FOR A
GOOD HORSE AND
GOT SATIS.
FACTION.
5*33?
m
"V
BUYING
AN ENGINE:
You need an engine,
and the probabilities are
that you know very little more
about an engine than Smith knew
about a horse. If you are wise, you
will not make the same mistake that Smith
did, but will go to the reputable manufacturer
r^‘ Pay a fair price for your engine, and get one
... ,that ",11 w°rk. We have been making engines for
h«™tnV'flVe years- We have engines in use to-day that
J"c hpen in tunning continuously for thirty years. We can
satisfy you and save you money in the end. Our catalogue
tells you the rest of the story. Do not buy a oh eap horse.
THE OTTO GAS ENGINE WORKS
3304 Walnut Street,
Phila. Pa.
f ""!7\
wtratck
/turn
M'
Have you read
John £--e
Jane
In the San Joaquin
Valley, California?
A new story by Eleanor Gates. It
is an interesting account of how a
young couple made their way to a
competency and the ownership of an
irrigated farm in the San Joaquin
Valley.
The author of “Cupid the Cow-
punch” and the owner of “Los
Ranchos de la Rosas” knows Cal¬
ifornia. Her story pictures actual
conditions as they exist in this won¬
derful valley.
The“land hungry, ’’whether strug¬
gling in town or trying to pay rent,
should read of the success of John and
Jane in the San Joaquin.
For a copy, free, drop a postal to
C. L. Seagraves,
General Colonization Agent, Santa Fc»
1921 Railway Exchange, Chicago
My 1911 Proposition
On Gates is a Hummer
A
It’s the biggest offer on tho
freatest gate ever made and
_ want you to investigate it.
I 'm going to save farmers through-
out the country Hundreds of TUou-
mr sands of Dollars in Gate Money this
year— I can save you from (50 to
$250 — according to the number of
Gates you have.
Before you buy any sate at
I any price or repair your old ones,
1 want you to get my surprising
[ proposition on
IOWA GATES
Study the figures I’ll send you and see how
you can save 30% in buying Iowa GateB. They
are built of better grade material throughout
—they outlive from 6 to 12 Board Gates and are
superior, in design and construction, to any
other metal gates on the market. Let me
show you how to save $10.00 on every gate.
After we figure the cost I’ll send your gates
on 60 Days' Free Trial and if you are not ab¬
solutely satisfied you can return them without
any expense to you.
I’ve gotten up some “No Hunting” signs
and will send you, free, enough to post your
farm. Better write at once, as my supply of
signs is limited.
Let mehearfrom you right away regarding
my big gate offer— address letter or postal to
IOS. B. CLAY, Mgr.,
Iowa Gala Co., 45th St Cadar Falls, la.
in
The Weather Breaks
Down More Wagons Than Weight Does
Rain soaks in around the spokes: it freezes
and expands with a force iron can’t bold. Water-
soaked joints rot: cracks widen and deepen.
Good paint, made of
“Dutch Boy Painter”
White Lead
andpure linseed oil, makes wagonsweather-proof.
It gets into every pore and seam, it sticks
and wears as no other paint does.
Keep your wagons painted with pure white
lead and cut out repair bills and cost of new
wagons.
You will find all painting questions answered
in our ’ Helps No. QOS’ which we will gladly
send upon request.
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
New York Cleveland Chicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
John T. Lewis «t Bros. Co.
Philadelphia
National Lead and Oil Co.
Pittsburgh
Who Told You,
P Who said you can’t in.
• crease your milk and
butter profits ? Do you want to try the
Champion Milk Cooler free for 30 days
and prove by actual test that you can ?
Thousands have tried— thousands have
proved — get in line. Keep
your milk sweet for a long
time — improve your butter
flavor— get bigger profits. The
Champion is simplicity itself —
cleaned in a jiffy — lasts for
years. Get all the facts in free
booklet— write now. Insist on
the genuine Champion. Hurry ^
up — send a postal.
CHAMPION MILK COOLER CO.
Him STREET. CORTLAND. N. Y.
Horse Owners s Ten Cents
will prove that you can save dollars in]
time, trouble, labor auil expense by i
using the Automatic " Clean ” Curryf.
Comb,. Durable, effective, easy on the-
horse, and always clean. Send 10c to payN
actual postage, state number of horses! _ _ _
you own, and we’ll send Comb postpaid. Wt. 10 ox. Price 35c.
After 3 days’ trial, send 25c or return Combat our expense.
Clean Comb Co. 76 5th Street, Racine, Wisconsin
LOW PRICES h°undSomo FENCE
100 other styles. Many cheaper than wood— all better. For Lawn*.
Write for PaUera and special offer!
THE WARD FENCE CO.. Bex 845 Decatur, hid.
TN MEMORY OF THE DEAD
imp
[Remember the sacred duty you owe the dead |
REPUBLIC CEMETERY FENCES AND GATES
Will protect and beautify the resting place oi your departed loved
ones. They are inexpensive and almost everlasting. Mado of largo
heavily galvanised rustproof wires. Exclusive, attractive designs.
Special prices to churches and cemeteries.
A Postal Will Bring OurCatalog.
Republic Fence 4 Gate Co., 211 Republic Si., N. Chicago, III.
378
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 11,
HANDY POULTRY HOUSE.
PAItT II.
Fig. 123 shows the wall for east end.
The bottom plate is at right angles with
the boards. The top plate slopes one
inch in five, or one foot in five feet,
since the roof slopes one foot from front
to rear. Three boards (in case 1x5J4-
inch boards are used) may be kept out
for a door in the east end. West end
is made in similar way, reversed with¬
out door. When the five sections have
all been made, level up the floor, set the
front section on, house to face the south,
letting the bottom plate rest on the floor,
and the extended boards (forming the
flange) extend down at end of floor
boards, as shown in Fig. 123. Plumb
and brace the wall. Now set on the
rear wall, plumb and brace. Then set
in the end sections, which should just
fit, and nail lightly to front and rear
walls, so as to hold firmly. Now, the
walls are all up, put on the roof. Take
a lx3x9-foot and nail (don’t drive nails
clear up) it on rear wall, flush with top
of wall boards and plate; then same in
front and across ends. Use No. 10 nails,
1x3 all around top of walls flush with
the top. Now take the matched 1x5^4
and cut into lengths (use boards clear of
knots and cracks), 5 feet by 6^ inches
long. Begin at east end, let edge of
board extend over one inch and nail
securely to the 1x3 inch front and rear
at east end, then nail the others, after
driving up close, to the 1x3 inch front
and rear, using No. 6 nails just like
laying a floor. After all have been nailed
on, the nails holding the 1x3 can be
drawn and the whole roof can be lifted
off like the lid of a bandbox.
Now go inside and make the section
for the nest boxes. Take two 1 x
(same as used for rest of house) and
cut long enough to extend across the
number of doors you have cut out in
the rear wall. Lay them down length¬
wise and separate 6 inches, nail 1x3
cleats 17 inches long across them at dis¬
tances apart equal to width of nests.
Now cut some (as many as needed)
THE HOUSE COMPLETED. Fig. 124.
1 x 5l/2 into lengths 20 inches (being
depth of nest boxes) and nail the ends
on to the cleats. These make partitions
between the nests.. None need to be used
at ends, as the east and west walls of
the house serve the purpose at ends,
inis section should slip right into posi¬
tion and fit the doors cut out in rear
wall. Now for the droppings board.
This sets down on top of the nest
boxes. I advise that only four nest
boxes be made in this house. Thus
built, it leaves the west end of the house
for a scratch pen about 4x5 feet, large
enough for 15 hens. If built so, put a
partition half way across the house,
forming west wall to the nest boxes and
the droppings board and roosting place.
Section for the nest boxes and the drop¬
pings board must fit in between this
partition and the east end of house or
wall. Cut 1 x 5l/2 into 28-inch lengths
and nail on to two lx2’s of a length to
cover the four nest boxes, driving up
close, same as laying floor. This little
floor fits right down on top of nest boxes
and covers them. At first I let droppings
board slope, but now I make it level, as
it is just as good and easier to make it
so. Put on two perches, 2x2, about
nine inches apart, nail some wire mesh
over the front window. Make and hinge
the door and your house is complete.
W. H. TOMLINSON.
EARLY HATCHED LEGHORN PULLETS.
A Year’s Work.
Some time since Mr. Cosgrove in
answering, through The R. N.-Y., some
questions in regard to early pullets, gave
the impression that the Leghorns, if
hatched early, were quite sure to lay a
few small eggs in early Fall, then molt,
and lay no more eggs until toward
Spring. Such a statement, coming from
a poultryman of large experience, is
rather discouraging for the novice who
contemplates raising a flock of early
Leghorns to help in keeping the domes¬
tic wheels oiled during Fall and Winter,
when eggs are high. For the comfort of
such I submit the following report of my
flock of 87 White Leghorn pullets,
hatched April 14, 1909. I wish I could
say that their excellent work was owing
to my careful system of trap-nesting
and breeding; to some doubled-and-
twisted secrets in selection or handling
in “units,” or to the feeding of some
wonderful newly discovered feed costing
only 10 cents a bushel, any one of which
millionaire-making secrets might be had
for 75 cents. But no ; these pullets were
just plain, unselected pullets of the
Wyckoff strain, fed on lines indicated by
the New York Experiment Station.
They never saw sprouted oats or green
bone. The report covers period from
October 1, 1909, to October 1, 1910.
Month
Eggs laid
Daily aver
October ....
883
28+
November ..
, . . . 987
33 —
December . .
973
31 +
January . . .
... 1,103
February . .
... 1,347
48+
March .
... 1 .897
61+
April .
... 1 .984
66+
May .
... 1 ,880
60+
.Tune .
. . . 1.584
53—
July .
48+
August .
... 1,435
46+
September ..
. . . 1,094
36+
1(5,672
The pullets were fed grain only from
eight weeks old until time of placing in
Winter quarters. They were divided
into four flocks as nearly equal as pos¬
sible, and placed in warm pens with cur¬
tain fronts about October 1. From that
time until June 1 they were confined.
Then they had free range or nearly so.
They were not troubled with lice or
disease, the only trouble being eversion
of the oviduct, of which there were five
or six cases. Any other losses were ac¬
cidental. I ended the year with 80 hens,
which, considering the time losses oc¬
curred, gives an average of 83 hens for
the year. This gives an average of
nearly 201 eggs per hen in the year.
This year 1 have about 100 April pul¬
lets doing as well. Still I do not ex¬
pect to duplicate this record. I would
not care to submit this except in defense
of the early Leghorns. I believe it is
not an uncommon record. The men
who really produce good records are too
busy to blow their horns. A study of
this record is of interest as showing the
influence of good Fall and Winter pro¬
duction on subsequent Spring and Sum¬
mer laying. The behavior of these hens
after October 1, 1910, may not be unin¬
teresting also. During September and
October they were losing feathers
rapidly. During October the egg pro¬
duction tapered to zero. They were then
a disreputable looking lot of hags. De¬
cember 29 the first egg of a new term
was laid. They now are all in clean
dress and laying about 24 per day (Feb¬
ruary 14). They are now in colony
pens on free range as weather permits,
getting ready to supply me with another
flock of early Leghorn pullets. My early-
hatched pullets do show considerable
moulting in Winter, but not to stop
profitable egg production.
Crawford Co., Pa. don e. smith.
DOES NEW ENGLAND FARMING PAY?
It certainly does, and pays well. By using proper thought and care,
and the right kind of fertilizer, profitable crops are practically assured.
This is a typical letter, out of many, regarding
NEW ENGLAND ANIMAL FERTILIZERS
“ I raised sweet corn on 13 acres during this last season, and received $1,200
from this acreage. This was raised on your fertilizers, which in my exper¬
ience I have always found reliable and profitable.
“ While others may talk of receiving a prize at some fair for the best ear or
several ears of corn, I believe that the best prize that any farmer can obtain
is an excellent crop, which can be turned into money as in my case. Such
results are not confined to the favored few, but any man who uses fertilizers
like the New England and will put thought and care into his work will be
well paid for his efforts.-
“ I most strongly recommend the use of New England Animal Fertilizers.”
Yours truly, II. A. QUINT, Conway, N. H.
New England Animal Fertilizers are especially made for New England
soils, from Packing and Rendering House materials. If you are in doubt
just what your soil needs, write us fully. We have probably solved
your particular problems many times. We will do our best to set you
right. Our free Crop Booklet will assist you also. Write for it today.
NEW ENGLAND FERTILIZER CO., Boston, Mass.
A TREATISE
on the
Horse—
MINERA
fc-mCAVSE.
isRM
We offer you free
this book that tells you
all about horse dis¬
eases and how to cure
them. Call for it at
( your local druggist or write us.
KENDALL'S
SPAVIN CURE'
1b Invaluable. It cures Spavin, Curb, Splint,'
Ringbone or any other lameness, quickly and I
safely at small expense. Read vhat W. T.
Sadler, Atlanta, Ga., care of Allen’s pharmacy,
writes:
"Your Treatise on the horee rocelved and contains many
good formulae for treating stock. I hare sold many
, bottles of your Spavin Cure and hare never had
complaint from a customer. ”
And Mr. Wm. Booth, of Gravette,
Ark., writes;
"Your book is worth $5.00 If only used i
as an aid in looating lameness- Shoulder
lameness 1b the most difficult for an
Inexperienced man to locate. It |
is easy, however, with the help
of your book."
Kendall’s Spavin I
Cure Is sold at the I
uniform price of I
,• 81.00 a bottle, or I
I C bottles for 65.00. 1
KRvn*TT»H — If you cannot get I
HSH ^^Pit or our free book
IsSOlSScB write us.l0Cal drUggl8t’ I
, DR. B. I. KENDALL COMPANY
1 Enosburg Falls, Vermont, U. S. A,
THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS
that make a horse Wheeze,
Roar, have Thick Wind, or
Choke-down, can be re¬
moved with
J\ps ORBrNE
or any Bunch or Swelling,.
No blister, no liairl
gone, and horse kept atj
Work. $2.00 per bottle, de-^
livorod. Book 3 D free.
ABSOBBINE, Jit., for
mankind, $1.00, delivered. Reduces Goitre, Tumors,
Wens, Varicose Veins, Ulcers, Hydrocele, Varico¬
cele. Book free. Made only by
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS
(Trocars, Hopples, Impregnators)
for Horses, Cattle, Swine, Poultry,
Etc. Received only award World’s
Fairs Chicago, St. Louis. Write for
Illustrated Catalogue HAUSMANN &
DUNN CO.. 392 So. Clark St.. CHICAGO, ILL.
The Ireland Straight-Line Drag
Sawing Machine
•"THIS sawing rig fills a long felt
1 want for sawing large timber.
It is simple, durable and the most
practical straight-line sawing rig on the market.
We also make circular saw rigs, saw and shingle mills.
Get our prices on canvas belting, they will surprise you.
Write for full information and prices.
IRELAND MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY.
14 State Street, NORWICH, NEW YORK.
,,
HEAVE
REMEDY
NEGLECT
Will Ruin
YourHorse'
Send today for
only
PERMANENT
' SAFE
CERTAIN'
S3 PACKAGE ^
will cure any case or
money refunded.
$1 PACKAGE
cures ordinary cases.
Postpaid on receipt of
price. Agents Wanted.
Write for descriptive booklet.
Mineral Heave Remedy Co.,
Fourth Avenue. Pittsburg, ft
F arm Help If Pays Big
The only help you can rely on
today is mechanical help. Tho
Farmers’ Favorite Feed Cooker
and Boiler is the best help ever
put on a farm. Cooks stock and
jioultry feed, sterilizes milk cans,
boils sap, cooks scrapple, renders
lard and boils spray mixtures. Send
for special sale list.
LEWIS SI KG, CO., liox C, Cortland, Ji.Y
A $100 HORSE
y quickly become worthless by developing a I
-b, spavin, splint or going lame. Don’t sacri¬
fice him. Cure him with
ma;
curl
Quinn’s Ointment
I It cures permanently and absolutely all common I
horse ailments. The unfailing remedy of years
1 which has the confidence of horse owners. 9 1 . ■ I
bottle. All druggists or by mail. Testimonials free.
W. B. Eddy & Co. Whitehall. N. Y.
For Lame Horses
J Remov^AlTpositivel^cure^prainsJ
’Ringbone, Curb, Shoe Bolls, Capped
Hocks, abnormal growths and lameness.
REMOV-ALL
Sold on money-back guarantee.
Leaves horses sound and un-
scared. Lump Jaw is cured in
less than three weeks with
Adams Rapid Lump-Jaw Core
Easy to use. Guaranteed. Writa
for FREE TREATISE on cur¬
ing these diseases.
H. C. ADAMS MFC. CO.
Dept. 50* Algona, Iowa
CIDER PRESSES
The Original Mt. Gilead Hydraulic Press
produces more cider from loss
apples than any other and is a
BIG MONEY MAKER. Sizes
10 to 400 barrels daily. Also
cider evaporators, apple-
butter cookers, vinegar
generators, etc.
CATALOGUE FREE.
THE HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG, CO.
137 Lincoln A ve„ Mt. Gilead, Ohio, _ _
Or Room 119 L 39 Cortlandt Street, New York, N. Y.
CIDJER and WINE
No complicated mechanism —
big capacities. Requires only
2 to 4 h. p. to operate any press.
Also, HAND PRESSES,
GRINDERS, MILLS.
Write to-day for free catalogue.
THE G. J. EMENY CO., FULTON, N.
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
free. Grand Rapids Veterinary
College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
1911.
370
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE
Conservative. — For over 20 years on
every business day a human sign has stood
on the curb edge of the sidewalk in front
of a New York umbrella, hat and cane
shop. The store is on the second floor,
and this man's business is to direct possible
customers to the doorway leading to it.
Before anchoring to this job he was in
the navy and made a trip around the world.
Some might think it irksome to stand in
one place so long and do practically noth¬
ing but talk to any passer-by who cares
to stop for a moment, but he does not
mind the monotony. He gets $10 per week
and has the benefit of all the fresh air,
driving rains, blizzards and broiling sun¬
shine that are going.
Strawberries. — New York has large
supplies from Florida, and the arrival of
about 350 crates from Tennessee is noted.
The latter sold at 22 to 25 cents per
quart. In the early history of Florida
strawberry culture for Northern markets,
little attention was paid to quality, the
main thing being to have berries firm
enough to stand the long trip. Quicker
transportation and improved methods of
handling have made the growing of better
varieties possible, and the last two or three
years have brought a decided improvement
in this line. One of the fancy varieties
now grown for this trade is Nick Ohmer,
fine specimens of which have been seen
this year, bringing 10 to 15 cents per
quart above such sorts as Lady Thompson
and Excelsior.
Potatoes Too Large. — A reader who has
a hundred bushels, running above 1 %
pound, which he has sorted out from the
remainder of his crop, asks where he can
dispose of them to advantage. We know
of no outlet for this overgrown stock other
than the regular channels of trade. It was
a mistake to sort out these large potatoes,
as they would have gone in with the gen¬
eral crop with but little discount. Hotel
men can use a fair proportion of large pota¬
toes for frying and mashing, but do not
want overgrown ones for boiling or baking,
and the same is true of grocery trade. The
potato market in New York is in a rather
discouraging condition. Large quantities
have sold under 50 cents per bushel whole¬
sale. After every cold snap there are dam¬
aged potatoes on the market. They may
be but slightly chilled, but even where not
damaged enough to turn black or soften,
many do not like the slightly sweetish taste
caused by chilling, so grocers and hotel
men who ordinarily buy enough to last sev¬
eral days are afi-aid to stock up with any¬
thing doubtful. This scanty buying gives
but slight relief to a glutted market.
Quoted Prices. — “I would like to ask
about the quotations you give on eggs,
cheese, butter, etc. Are these prices whole¬
sale or retail? In the March 4 issue, page
287, eggs are quoted 23 to 25. Eggs are
selling here for 28 to 30 cents at this
writing or at any rate for the past week;
that has been the price for strictly fresh
ones.” L. s.
Schenectady, N. Y.
The prices quoted are wholesale, unless
otherwise stated. Retail prices are given
from time to time, but they are always
labeled. There are two classes of quota¬
tions that may properly be called whole¬
sale, viz. : those of the jabber and those of
the first hand dealer. Of course, the latter
are more desirable when they may be had,
but there are cases where the supply is
so irregular that there is no first hand
business noted at the time the quota¬
tions are made, so the best that can be
done is to take a jobbing figure. This is
higher than the first hand price, just how
much higher depends on the conditions of
trade and how anxious the jobber is to
do business. Some will work on a much
smaller profit margin than others. I knew
one jobber who would handle eggs at a
profit of only 10 cents per 30-dozen crate
rather than not do business at all, a more
commendable practice than letting cobwebs
gather on the stock because 25 per cent,
profit is not in sight. It often happens
that eggs sell higher in towns near the
point of production than in New York. A
city like Schenectady, with large factory
interests is an especially good market for
food stuffs.
In a future issue full details regarding
market quotations will be given, showing
just how the figures are obtained and
what they mean. w. w. ir.
TPI ED RURAb NEW-YORKKK
eighties of the last century. During the
new development of the great West, a
very flood of low-priced food stuff was
loaded upon the Eastern markets, thereby
bringing ruin to many and distress to all
Eastern farmers, causing the abandonment
of many farms. These farms have now a
growth of bushes and briars, which have
taken the place of green pastures and
fruitful fields. Now President Taft and
his supporters in this measure, propose to
repeat this same state of affairs. They
should go out into the back towns of the
Eastern States and learn a lesson of states¬
manship. It is not altogether the finan¬
cial loss which stares us in the face, but
the indignity which is placed upon us. It
is humiliating to realize how weak we are,
politically, that these people should pre¬
sume to enact such unfair legislation. I
think we may feel assured that if this
measure becomes a law it will be the
forerunner of a very sharp reduction in
protective duties. We have been strong
supporters of a high tariff, which has
helped the trades and great corporations
more than ourselves. We may not in jus¬
tice to ourselves give high tariff or those
who wish it our support in the future.
What we need is a getting together ; we
shall then have weight in political affairs.
Connecticut. j. s. forbes.
No Law on Raccoon.
My boy has caught a young raccoon,
and he wants to tame it for a pet. Will
it be against the law for him to keep it
confined with a collar and chain until tame
enough to run alone? g. b.
Troy, N. Y.
There is no New York law on raccoons.
You can safely keep this one as you sug¬
gest.
Louse Killer for Poultry.
Would you give me a recipe for making
a good louse-killer in powder. w. a. b.
Lancaster, Pa.
You will find it in ‘‘The Business Hen,”
page 113. Mix three-quarters pint gaso¬
line with one-quarter pint crude carbolic
acid and stir it thoroughly into 2 1-2 pounds
plaster of paris. Sift it through a fine sieve
and when dry keep tightly bottled.
Vertigo in Fowls.
I was able, to-day, to cure a hen of ver¬
tigo from the advice given in “The Busi¬
ness Hen.” This is enough for me to show
the value of the book. g. w. w.
Bayfield, Wis.
It. N.-Y. — The remedy is given on page
80 of “The Business Hen.” Briefly stated
it is to cool the fowl’s head with ice until
it is quite chilled, and then give one dose
of either 30 grains of epsom salts or 1 Mi
grains of calomel. As a rule it hardly pays
to doctor a single hen unless it is very
valuable.
Preparing Rough Land.
I have a piece of land well grown up
with weeds and briers. Would it be best
to use disk harrow to cut up and plow
under, or burn off? This is a plot I have
just purchased, and I wish to break it up
to make ready for garden purposes the fol¬
lowing year. d. f. s.
Smithton, Pa.
We should turn this piece over in day¬
time — then chop up thoroughly with a disk
and plow. After plowing use a spring-tooth
harrow, if possible. This will tear out and
rake up most of the roots, and the field
can be fitted fairly well.
Prices at Canning Factory.
On page 97 request is made for canning
factory data. A canning factory here,
private owner, has for miles west black
loam sand ; north and east, rolling berry
sand. Berlin Heights district, south, roll¬
ing clays mixed. Quotations, not official
but accurate, are as follows. Of course
scarce crops meant higher prices : Best
red raspberries, $3 to $3.25 ; black rasp¬
berries, $1.75 to $2 a bushel ; blackberries,
the same; strawberries, $1.75 to $1.90
per bushel ; cherries, six and seven cents
per pound, $2.50 to $2.75 a bushel ; peas,
1 % to two cents a pound, seed donated
(allowances for dirt, hulls, etc.) ; corn,
$8 to $9 per ton ; tomatoes, 25 cents per
60-pound bushel ; navy beans, $1.90 to $2
per bushel ; red kidney, $1.90 to $2; white
kidney, $2.65 ; pumpkins, $5 ; pumpkin
culls, $2.50 ; cabbage, $5 per ton. Farm¬
ers spw early peas and after cutting
bring to factory to be thrashed in the
vines ; they plow for late potatoes.
Norwalk, Ohio. j. c.
Perfect Equipment is THE Secret of Our Success!
With the experience gained in operating the largest Poultry Plant in the World, our
knowledge of the several makes of incubators is greater than the manu¬
facturers’. For the sake of economy WE
built an incubator giving results never secured
by any other make, and we now oiler it to the
mm w si public. The
INTERNATIONAL
Sell-Humidifying
INCUBATOR
Is responsible for our great success, and will give to the struggling beginner
all of the profits and none of the losses. Absolutely automatic in every
function, unvariable temperature, certain moisture from the mo¬
ment of starting the hatchjmtil nature requires a cessation in order
to properly dry the newly-hatched unit of future profit— so thor¬
oughly safeguarding its entrance into poultrydom as to guarantee
its livability when raised under the very acme of “Foster
Mothers,” the'
INTERNATIONAL HOVERS^
This Hover makes possible the rearing of the maximnm of chicks and the minimum
of deaths90<( to 95< live and thrive anil grow. It is the only device that co ntains
the active principle of the hen, and the ingenuity of man can go no further.
Our best efforts are centered in the production of Day-Old-Chicks and Hatching
Eggs from matured stock. No pullets’ eggs are used except for table
purposes.
We have just completed our 1911 catalog on incubators and hovel's,
also our stock catalogue on Runt-ocas Strain BABY CHICKS and
HATCHING EGGS. You are welcome to either or both of these
catalogs. Send to-day.
INTERNATIONAL POULTRY SALES COMPANY
Home Office, Box 285, Brown’s Mills-in-the- Pines, N. J.
Branch, 12 Barclay Street, New York City
C ft. OS E-TO- NATURE
BROODERS
OPEN AIR HOVERS
But four years before the public yet used in 42 states and
Canada. Used and endorsed by such successful and scientific
poultrymen as Pease, Warner, Russell, Baines, Dr. Mijf-
hell. Dr. Kilbourne. The three Life Principles of Warmth by Conduction Ventilation hv
Induction, and Non-Piling Invention. Big roomy brooders for orchard and field. y
OPEN AIR HOVERS, nature’s perfect chick life savers. The only sure and healthvwavto
raise chicks. They have the true close to nature principles. y aeaitny way to
. Incubators have the steady warmth of warm water and a ventilation that
bathes the eggs in pure air without the air currents that dry them out. 3 ventuauon tnat
. Get close to nature in poultry rais¬
ing by getting Close-to-Nature ma¬
chinery.
Close-to-Nature Co.
63 Front Street, Colfa
Iowa
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons— Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Kggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
FG ISC-barred Plymouth ROCKS-Mam-
moth Bronze Turkeys, Pearl Guineas and
Indian Runner Ducks. Write for free price list.
, .. .. ... ........ . . j y.
C, ABELL KAYNEII,"
W cst Falls,
A Farmer on “Reciprocity.”
I wish to endorse what you have pub¬
lished in your recent issues relative to the
proposed reciprocity treaty with Canada.
If I understand the position taken by tbe
farmers, they only ask for a square deal
in this or any other measure of like char-
fteter. If we are to have free trade in
m^terial: let It be free trade in manu-
ar.tlclas also- This ^ what we
for ln, New England. The trades
are elamormg for low-priced food,
yet many of them left the farm because it
was too hard work to get a living. There
P+Lnt 1 fai.i to see y°u bring out:
tbi” ’ the reP.etrtion to some extent of
me times prevailing in the seventies and
EGGS FOR SALF~Cho,ee Buff Wyandotte
tuua run ohlc 6ggs, 75 eents 15 and
$4.00 per hundred. CHAS. I. MILLER, R. F. D.
No. 1. Hudson, N. Y.
EGGS FOR HATCHING™
stock guaranteed. H. A. THATCHER, Perulack. Pa.
f> C. B. MINORCAS; great layers; eggs, SI. 00
^ for 15. GEO. BOW DISH, EsperaiiceTN. Y.
BUFF WYANDOTTES-liSnUof
16. LAWRENCE ESSELSTYN, Claverack, N. Y.
S. C. WHITE LEGHORN BABY CHICKS
Blanchard strain hatching eggs; prices reasonable.
JAMES GOODMAN, New Ringgold, Pa.
S. C. BLACK MINORCA COCKERELS
range reared- Eggs for hatching; prices reason¬
able. JAMES GOODMAN, New Ringgold, Pa.
Farmers and Poultrymen.
You must not blame us if occasionally our en¬
thusiasm bubbles over when speaking of our cus¬
tom hatching department as carried on by our
experts in our mammoth hot water incubator
Results are showing people all over the country
that we know our business by saving them time,
worry and money, and giving them stronger chicks
than the old hen or kerosene oil fume incubators
ever did. Y ou send us the eggs- we’ll do the rest-
do it right and send you the chicks. Write for in¬
formation and prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM, Millerton, N. Y.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHER.
Single and Hose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Itocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from J? up.
Chicks, $15 per lt)<). Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CAKLW. LLOYD, Mgr.,
Hillside, Westchester County, N. Y.
American Poultry Plant
White Orpingtons (Kellerstrass) , White Leghorns
(Wyckoit), Mammoth Bronze and White Holland
.turkeys. Indian Runner Ducks. Quality and
superior egg production. Stock and eggs in
large quantities. COLLINS, OHIO.
SD IA/ LEGHORN EGGS for hatching. Good laying
■u, * n • strain $1 per 15, $5 per 100. Also Baby
Chicks. GEO. LLNDGREEN, Wyoming, Del.
EGGS— $1 per 15, $2 per 10 of Thor. Brahma». Rocks, Wyan-
duiies, Reds, Minorcas, Hnudaus, Leghorns, HanvlnirgBlIS var
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Coopcrsburg, Pa
FOR SALE~q*' Whit? Leghorns (Young’s
KrTo?o L
U/RIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4 50
OR t01 100: *7.00 for 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
MINISINK POULTRY FARM CO.
Single Comb Leghorn Hatching Eggs— 95# fertility
guaranteed or ™oney refnnded-$10 per hundred
f- o. b. NORTH WATER GAP, PA.
T? C *Vom high record W. P. Rock
Tl/V Tv Hens, $2 for 15, $5 for 45.
A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
FROM WINNERS— Anconas, $1.50 per 15; Wyc-
LUUO koff’s White Leghorns. $1.00 per 15. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed. OAKDALE FARM, R-2, Chester, N. J.
SIX W.H.TOMS FOR SALE
Mrs. li. F. WRIGHT, Ransom ville, N. Y.
BURR’S WHITE WYANDOTTES
By 12 years’ breeding and careful selection have developed
winning quality and great egg production. Karin raised,
free range. Eggs, $5.00 per hundred; $1 per setting. 8 ok
fertility. WILLIAM O. BURR, Fairfield, Conn.
EGGS FOR HATCHING
from good vigorous S. C. W. Leghorns that have
given me not less than 33ki per cent, egg yield
since Dec. 1. $1 per 15, $3 per 50, $5 per 100.
B. B. CHASE, Wyoming, Del.
Eleveaa. First Prizes
At leading Poultry Shows, Indian Runner Ducks and
Rouen Ducks. Madison Square Garden Winners our Rose-
comb Black Minorcas won Silver Cup at Paterson, and
Barred Plymouth Rocks. All eggs $2.00 per 15, $2.50 per 30,
$8 per too. Also pure bred Angora Goats and Collie Dogs,
$10 and up. CLARK FARM, BOONTON, N. J.
SNOW WHITE WYANDOnE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
$5 per 100. A lew good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOIjDENROD FARM, Dept. R, Stewartstown, l’a.
R. C. RHODE ISLAND REDS
Eggs from heavy laying utility birds, $1.00 per 15
BRUSH & SONS . Milton, Vt.
Mammoth drome Turkey ■ raised amongst the Berksliires;
standard weight; strung, vigorous, handsome; Toms’ $8
$9, $10; Hens, $5, $6. N. B. PERKINS, Ashley Palls, Mass.
India Runner Ducks, S. C. White Leghorns
Eggs for Hatching. Send for Circular.
F. J. FULLER, Waterport, Orleans County, New York
UTILITY RRFFfl^-?Ioun tain air- open-front
UIILII I OnCLUo house stock eggs for hatch¬
ing. Black Orpington or R. I. Beds, $2.00 per 15.
White Wyandottes or B.P, Rocks, $1.50 per 15. R. 1.
-Angora- Goats and Kids for sale.
SH0H0LA FRUIT AND POULTRY FARM , . Shohola. Pa.
R. C. R. I. RFDS-BEST WINTER LAYERS.
J* ‘ ” * ** " * * Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15.
K.(F. DEMAREST, Mt. View, Passaic Go., N. j.
DaItIn nilAlfC UTILITY STRAIN. 5kj
reRIII IlUvKtf to 6 lbs., at ten weeks old.
Eggs for Hatching, $1.50 per 13; $8 per 100,
CHARLES S. PULIS, WYCKOFF, N. J.
CINE QUALITY ORPINGTONS, black and white. Owens’
■ and Cook’s strains. $2 and $8 per sitting, $10
per 100. REV. J. D. GRAHAM, Lyonsville, Mass.
INDIAN RUNNER ducks and drakes, from 200 egg strain.
■ Light Brahmas. C. GORDON, Sprakers, N .Y.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. E. VAN ALSTYNE, Kinderhook, N.Y.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS !
dottes, Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.60, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas, $2.00, 15. Cat¬
alog gratis. F. M. PRESCOTT, Riverdale, N. J.
White Wyandottes
satisfaction. Selected <
L. A. PAGE
-Utility strain, for
quality, profit and
Selectod^eggSj one dollar per fifteen
Bridge, New Jersey.
TURKEY EGGS. »«(! white
‘ o , , •) HoHanil, $3.00 for 12. B.
P. Rox, S> C. Black Minorcas, S. C. R. I. Reds,
Silver, Golden and White Wyandottes, S C.
White Leghorns. 8A11 Eggs $1.00 for 17. Pekin
Duck Eggs, $1,00 for 13. Toul. Goose Eggs, $3 00
for 12. W . R . C A R L E ,
R. F. D- No. 1, Jacobsburg, Ohio.
IniianRumer Drakes whiS^SSlte"id5?Srt'
ERANK F. TERRY, Assonet, Mass.
BUFF ORPINGTON DUCKS, twice won the Australian
laying contests. Three years unbeaten show record.
List furnished. Dunrobin Farm, Chatham. New Jersey1.
C~Bnze - Winning Breeding
Stock— Black Orpingtons
and Minorcas. QUOQUETAUG FARMS, Old Mystic, Conn.
iKosTBAiN S. G. W. LEGHORN
Breeding Hens at low price to make room. Also
promising Cockerels cheap in qua nt ities. Also R 1
Reds. Eggs for hatching. St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.j‘
WHITE WYANDOTTES and Indian “Genuine Fawn” Runner
Ducks. Qrand Win and Lay Strains. Stock and
Eggs at honest prices. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Write OWNLAND FARM. Box 497. South Hammond, N. Y.
YOUNG’S STRAIN S. C, W. LEGHORNS
Prize-winning White Wyandottes.
STOCK UNO EGGS FOR SALE
T. A. CLARK, Rif ton, N. Y.
380
March 18,
THE RUR.A.E NEW-YORKER
The Henyard.
SOIL SPROUTED OATS FOR HENS.
Having always until three years ago
lived on a ranch where my hens had a
free run of the fields, when moving into
town I was at a loss to know how best
to provide them with green forage.
After trying several methods I have
adopted the following plan, which has
proved a success : My yard for 60 hens
is only 24x32 feet outside the poultry
house. This is laid out in four plots.
On plot one I sowed a peck of oats,
and with a manure fork spaded the
ground to the depth of live or six inches,
mixing the oats all through the soil.
The next morning I sowed on plot No.
2 the same, and so continued until all
four had been worked over, then began
with No. 1 and so continued through
the season. The hens would work busily
all day, scratching for the oats, and only
getting thqse nearest to the surface.
After going over the yard a few times
there would be an abundance of tender
rootlets thrown up from the bottom,
which the hens ate with a great relish,
and found profitable employment all
through the day. Towards night they
had about the same quantity of wheat
thrown onto six or more inches of
clean dry straw in their scratch pen,
under cover. The frequent turning of
the soil and the germinating of the grain
has kept the ground, which is a sandy
loam, in fine condition and free from
odors. When too cold for the grain in
germinate quickly I fill one of the
cylinders of the bone cutter with vege¬
tables and the other with green bone
and cut them up together. They have
green cut bone nearly every day, and a
mash of bran, barley and oats ground
mixed with ground Alfalfa occasionally,
and access to ground bone all the time.
Whenever there is a day too cold for
them to scratch in the dirt, which is
not often, I throw their grain into a
good bed of straw and make them
scratch for a living all the year around.
Washington. c. F. w.
free from any grain. Lawn clippings were
fed nearly every day. In October the flock,
105 in number, was sorted, selling the sur¬
plus to market. This left 30 pullets and
six cockerels. In November a few of the
pullets began laying, then the cockerels were
taken away, and by December nearly every
pullet was laying, as we gathered 27, 27
and 29 eggs three different days. The
average was a fraction over 20 eggs per day
for December, also for January. The
ground has been covered with snow since
Thanksgiving, and a great many mornings
have been below zero. The house is 12x24
feet, divided into three pens, each having
a 3x6 foot sash, window hung on hinges.
Every day this Winter these windows have
been wide open. We have a board floor in
the house, and the fowls have had no colds
whatever. The above dry mash has been
before the pullets in hoppers all the time.
Every morning a small amount of cracked
corn, wheat, barley and oats is scattered
in about eight inches of litter, and again
at noon. At night the same grain is fed
in troughs, and all that they do not eat is
taken away from them. These pullets have
never had any setbacks from the day they
left the shell, as some of them now weigh
over seven pounds. I am away from home
all day ; if I had the time to grow sprouted
oats or gave them cabbage I am confident
that thev would have greatly increased the
egg yield. J. e. white.
Saratoga Co., N. Y.
Caring for Little Chicks.
Upon reading answer to I’., page 133, I
feel like saying a word about the over¬
crowding of chickens. We have had a good
deal of trouble, and lost quite a few by
overcrowding; that is, naving two or three
lots crowd into one coop, or brooder. One
year we lost 11, two-thirds grown pullets.
The night was cool and they were shut in
a too close coop. Now we have a way and
have had from 1,000 to 1,200 chicks on free
range, and no crowding of two lots together.
Our coops are made with plenty of chance
for ventilation, and we add or diminish ac¬
cording to the season. We use a small coop
3x2 with a slide door 10 by 12 inch, cov¬
ered with inch mesh wire, and a three-inch
hole at each end, which we cover with bur¬
lap in cold Spring weather, or when the
chicks are small. We also tack a piece of
burlap over slide door. When the weather
is suitable and the chicks are from four to
five weeks old, we put them out in these
little coops in lots of 30 or 40, and put
a covered-in wire yard 3x12 feet, 18 inches
or two feet high. The chicks are fed in
there, and closed into the coop at night.
These coops are set 30 or 40 feet apart,
which is important. In a week or 10 days
after the chicks are put out. we put a brick
on edge under one corner of the wire yard
and let the chicks lino their way in and
out at pleasure. We keep on feeding in
this yard, and if there are larger ones rang¬
ing we don’t move it away or raise it so the
large ones can eat up all the feed. When
10 or 12 weeks old the cockerels are taken
away, sold for broHers or yarded by -them--
selves. Now the pullets are about large
enough to go to roost, so we take away the
little coop and put a 3x6 size coop with
two roosts, in it, upon the same spot- If
this is done in early morning the chickens
get used to it.and will usually go in them¬
selves ; any way, with very little bother.
Chickens and fowls are regular home bodies,
and when . settled, or established in a home,
it is work to drive them to new quarters,
and then they will have to be shut in, or
they will stray back to the old home. Not¬
withstanding all this, a real poultry mail
has no business to be absent-minded, or for¬
getful of his flock. lie may have the „est
of houses and ' best of range, Wlul every¬
thing favorable to keeping healthy, vigorous
stock, but a temporary aberration of his
mind, or forgetfulness, will upset everything
and failure comes. w. T. Wallis.
Massachusetts.
Minorcas or Leghorns ?
Do you consider the Black Minorcas as
good for laying and as hardy as the Leg¬
horns? e.
With us the Black Minorcas lay a larger
egg than the Leghorns, but are not as
hardy. They do not stand a wet or damp
climate.
I have just completed a hen house (open
front! 9x10 feet, in one corner of my en¬
closure. I placed 11 hens and a rooster in
the coop on January 16, 1911, and by the
end of the month I had received 37 eggs.
The previous place occupied by the hens
was damp, and my flock was threatened
with roup. I doctored them more or less
all Winter. In three or four days all this
disease has disappeared, and they com¬
menced to lay with the above results. Of
course, my neighbors thought I was crazy,
but I am satisfied to have them think so.
Uxbridge, Mass. J. s.
Figuiung ox IIexs. — In reading the
note, ‘'Ileus or llogs,” written by our
Hillcrest Fruit Farm man, page 197, I
note that he says, after spending for the
keep of a sow $5, he sold her pigs for $20
and still had the sow left, but after spend¬
ing so much for the keep of his chickens,
$25 for building, $10 for fencing, other
fixtures $5, and only valuing his 38 pullets
at 3914 cents each and roosters at 50 cents
each, he does not say he has his four hens
and roosters and his chicken house and his
fence and other fixtures left. I wonder if
my friend would sell those pullets for 39 V4
cents (}acli, or those White WyandfOtte
cockerels that weigh six to eight pounds, for
50 cents each. The way we at Hillside
Farm would figure bis poultry would be :
DIt.
Four hens and roosters . $6.00
Feed . 10.00
Chick feed . 2.00
$18.00
10 per cent, for use of chicken
coop set . $4.00
$22.00
CR.
38 pullets at $1 . $38.00
One rooster at $1, sold . 1.00
Six roosters at $1, sold . 6.00
$45.00
. $22.00
Total expense
.$23.00
Total profit .
And he still has those four hens and
rooster, and nothing was said about the
eggs those four hens laid from Spring till
January 1. Was it only enough to hatch
38 pullets and seven roosters, and didn’t
that sow require any $25 house or $10
fence to keep her in th’e pasture? What
do you supnose we would have had the
profit of our Hillcrest friend’s poultry if
he had tried the 12 hens against the sow?
Well, we don't all figure the same.
Long Island. T. i>. M.
When vou write advertisers mention The
U. N.-Y. ‘and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal." See guarantee page 20.
SCAB— Cured
CHOLERA— Prevented
BY THE USE OF
MINOR’S FLUID
SHEEP AND HOG
DIP
Kills ticks, lice, etc.
Cui-es mange, scurvy
The W. E. Minor Disinfectant Co,
1518 Columbus Rd. Cleveland, O.
Eggs in December. — I have been asked
to tell how I cared for the 30 White Wyan¬
dotte pullets that laid 51% dozen of eggs
in the month of December. The pullets
were hatched by hens between May 1 and
June 8. The chicks were raised in a little
yard about 30 feet square. They were fed
the first few weeks on chick grain and table
scraps ; after this a crumbly mash composed
of two parts bran, one white middlings, one
cracked corn, one gluten, one good meat
scrap. This was fed in the morning in
troughs and what was not eaten was taken
away. The same mixture dry was kept be¬
fore the chicks in hoppers all the time.
Cracked corn and wheat was fed liberally
and at night a pen of hens from another
yard was let in to clear up all that was
left, so that every morning the yard was
FREE— Poultry Guide
- “Profitable Poultry Raising.” 212 large pages, *-
illustrated. Practical guide to the most profits.
It also tells why you’ll succeed the best with
Incubators
_ ’ Tr Brooders
The non-moisture, dependable, continuous hatchers
—guaranteed. Write for the free book NOW.
Cyphers Incubator Co. Dept. 33 Buffalo, N.Y.
Now York City Chloaeo, III. Krnaaa City, Mo.
Boston, Muse- SOOO Belling Agents Onklnnd, C»l.
MODERN GARDENING
Send for
75th
Anniversary
Catalog
FREE
Our No. 1 Wheel Hoe provides a way to
plow, furrow, cultivate and weed your garden!
without taking valuable time from other work. •
With t his tool a boy cun take care of a big '
garden, providing fresh vegetables all sum-,
mor. A wonderful time and labor saver *
for only 87.90. Other tools $2.50 up
r Farm and
Garden Tools
■.w« ja xl awn
| "Why try to got along the old way when
lyou can buy these light, durable
lbnndy tools? Write for Anniversary
icatnlog showing entire line, in J
751 , eluding potato machinery, etc.
vrAntfk BATEMAN M’F’G- CO. ,
j)ox 1021 A No. l
,W Grenloch,N. J. Double
BUSINESS^ A VAp or Single
ttWtfSS&s Wheol Hoe
IRON ACE I
You Can
And Now Buy The
World’s Champion
140-Egg Incubator
55
Complete for Only |
W
J. V. ROHAN, Pres.
HY buy any other
incubator at any
price? Why not
own a World’s Cham¬
pion Belle City? Yet.
my price is only $7.55
and remember, I furnish
you a big, full size 140-
egg machine at that
figure.
o£ Quinlan, Oklahoma,
Freight Paid
E. ol
Rockies
Mrs. M.J. Clifton
settled the world’s championship by winning
the Successful Farming Hatching Contest
against all other machines, March 29, 1910, by
hatching 140 chickens— the full capacity of her
machine— a 140-egg Belle City Incubator.
Many other machines were in the contest —
Other machines had high scores — but no
other machine hatched
its full capacity — 140-
egg size— 140 eggs set
— 110 chicks hatched.
Why pay much more
than my price for as
large a capacity as
the Belle City, or the
same price for a much smaller machine, and
yet get an unknown hatcher? I take great pride
in the fact that I have started thousands and
thousands of people in the money-making,
poultry raising business, at small expense,
for their complete outfit. What you want is
a hatching outfit that is right in every detail
—that’s known to be perfect, yet simple in its
operation — that will make a success from the
very start, out of your very first hatch.
Complete HatcMsng Outfit— My $7.55 Belle City
Incubator and $4.85 Brooder, Ordered Together
Only $11.50 — Freight Prepaid East of Routes
Let me ship you one of these complete
outfits, all freight charges prepaid, to your
station, on 90 days’ free trial. The Belle City
Incubator is an old, tried, tested, proven
machine. I have been in the incubator
business and my machines have been
on the market for 28 years. I print thou¬
sands of testimonials and photographs
of people who are using my machines in
my printed matter. My plan is quick sales
and a lot of them at a low price.
A brief description of the Championship
Belle City Incubator is as follows:
Double walls — dead air space all over —
copper tank and boiler— hot-water heater-
best regulator— deep, roomy nursery— strong
egg tray— high legs— double door— and every¬
thing that’s any good on an incubator— all in
the Belle City. “Tycos” thermometer— egg
tester— burner and safety lamp Included.
The Belle City 140-chick Brooder is the
only one having double walls and dead air
spaces. I guarantee it to raise more healthy
chicks than any other brooder made. Hot-
water top heat— large, roomy, wire runway
yard, with platform — metal safety lamp and
burner.
I will be glad to send my literature of this
complete hatching outfit free, giving you all
the information you may want. I advise
you to get your outfit early. Have it on
hand all ready to run when your eggs are
ready.
I have sold thousands of machines direct
from my advertisement. Everyone that
reads farm papers knows that I am respon¬
sible. If you want to, you take no risk in
ordering direct from this advertisement.
Thousands Order Direct From This Advertisement
and Save Money. Why Not You ?
By ordering my Championship Belle
City Incubator and Brooder together, you
get the complete outfit for $11.50 — freight
charges prepaid — (E. of Rockies.) This
saves you 90 cents on the regular price of
the incubator and brooder and gets the out¬
fit delivered to you at your station, all freight
charges prepaid — be ready to run when your
eggs are ready to set.
By ordering from this advertisement, you
save time, save money, do away with pos¬
sible delay in getting your machine r nd take
no risk, because I guarantee to refund your
money at the end of 90 days’ free test if
everything about my complete hatching
outfit is not exactly as represented in this
advertisement.
You can hold me to every claim made
here. The editors of this paper protect
your interests and stand back of me and
my factory in guaranteeing to do as repre¬
sented. Why not cut out this advertise¬
ment, keep it for reference, send me
140-Chick
Brooder '
$4.85
your order, get your outfit at once, and
be ready tor the season.
I Guarantee the Belle City Incubator
to outhatch any machine made —
when operated under like condb
tions— no matter what kind or what
the price. Your money back it this
test proves untrue.
>140-
EflS
Incu¬
bator
$7.55
1 ship quick from Buffalo, Kansas
City, St. Paul or Racine —
And I Guarantee to ship all orders
sent from this ad on day received.
The Largest Manufacturer in the World of 140-Egg Incubators
—the Best Size Under All Conditions.
^ - - - |. V. ROHAN, President
Belle City Incubator Co., Box 48 Racine, Wis.
PATENTS START FACTORIES
kPATENT SECURED OR
_ _ * FEE RETURNED
Startright. Free Book— Iiow to obtain, finance
| and promote patents. Send sketch, free search.
FARNHAM & SUES, Pat. Atty*., Ad. 36, Washington, D.C.
WRITE YOUR NAME
ON A POSTAL
{or Poultry Houses. — how
to make a first-class brood¬
er out of a piano box. De¬
scribes the 1911 Sand Tray
PrairieState Incubators.
Prairie State Incubator Co.
406 Main St.. Homer City, Pa.
and get this big book on Poultry
Raising, free, post-paid. It tells
how successful poultrynion feed,
breed, rear, hatch and house.
Full of valuable hints and helps
you’ll be pleased to know.
112 PAGES
B ■ Practical Poultry Raising Experiences
p Secrets of
others’ sue-’
‘cess. Plans
Poultry the Best Paging
Branch of Farming
The 1911 catalog by Robert H. Essex,
poultry and incubator expert,
will start you right. Improved incu¬
bators and brooders. Read “ Why
Some Succeed Where others Fail.”
ROBERT ESSEX INCUBATOR CO.
84 Henry St„ Buffalo. N. Y.
C8SEX-M0DEI
IUCUSATO*
** a reuAvn
1/
BUCKEYE $
50 EGG
INCUBATOR
6
Simple, self-regulating, complete.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchabla
egg. Sold on 40 days trial with money
back in case of failure. 150,000 in use.
If your dealer doesn ’t keep them write to us. We ’ll send
you our catalogue and two books, “Making Money the
Buckeye Way” and “51 Chicksfrom 50 Eggs,” Free.
THE BUCKEYE INCUBATOR CO., 508 W, Euclid Avenue, Springfield, Ohio,
Builders ol Buckeye Portablo Poultry Houses
Sold Cheaper Than You Can Build Them.
125 Egg Incubator and Boeder
Why pay more than our price! If ordered together we 6end
both machines for $10.00, and pay all the 'freight charges
Hot wate^Gdouble walls, dead -air space between, double glass doors, copoer
tanks and boilers, self-regulating. Nursery underneath the egg-tray, both
Incubator and Brooder shipped complete, with thermometers, lamps, egg-
testers— all ready to use when you receive them. All machines guaranteed.
t- raia m Incubators are finished in natural colors showing the high grade lumber
used— no paint to cover inferior material. If you will com pare our machines with others offered at anywhere
near our price, wo will feel sure of your order. Don’t buy until you do this — you 11 save money. It pays to in¬
vestigate the •‘Wisconsin’’ before you buy. Send for the free catalog today, or send in your order and save tim&,
WISCONSIN INCUBATOR COM BOX I 18, Racine, Wis.
1911.
'THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
381
Henyard — Continued.
Those $12 Hens.
On page 220 Gori & Son told us
about the R. I. Red hens which aver¬
aged $12 each in net earning power for
one year. As usual, our people want the
details, and Gori & Sons give them as
below. It seems that one pullet was
lost in May, 1910, thus the actual aver¬
age of birds in the pen was \iy2 for the
year. The figures show that these birds
cost $140.75, and are credited with
$282.42. You will notice that this large
income is due to the fact that many of
the eggs were used for hatching, and
that the chickens are credited with what
they are actually worth. On this basis
of figuring these hens certainly earned
$12.31 net during the year, which ended
February 1, 1911. Now we want any¬
one — be he hen man, cow man or hog
man, to come forward and criticize the
statement and show wherein the figuring
is not fair.
DR.
Expense account for 1 yr. — 2-l-’10 — 2-l-’ll.
Feed, etc., 11.5 breeders, 1 cock¬
erel . 12.5 at $1.50 $17.75
Feed, etc., 210 raised at 55c. cost. 115.50
Value of eggs incubated . 5.00
Interest 6% value of breeders, $15 .90
Interest 6% share of plant, $10 .60
Total Dr . $140.75
CR.
Income, Sales and Inventories.
Eggs from breeders . $35.74
Eggs from pullets . 30.34
Males, poultry sold . 54.94
Home account, dressed, etc . 5.00
Feb. 1, ’ll, inventory, pullets, 115
at $1 . 115.00
Feb. 1, ’ll, inventory, breeders,
cockerels, etc . 35.00
Drop boards manure, since in
Winter quarters Oct. 1, ’10, 64
bushels at 10 cents . 6.40
Per hen unit $24.55 . Total $282.42
Per hen unit $12.24, expense ac¬
count . Dr. 140.75
Per hen unit, $12.31 . Net Cr.
Result for labor .
141.67
$12.31
It pays to test the eggs of setting liens
by transmitted light, about the end of the
first week, and later on, also, if necessary.
An egg-tester that can be used over an
ordinary lamp chimney costs but little,
while the knowledge that may be obtained
from its use is often worth a great deal.
It is worth while to know how many eggs
are fertile. When several hens have been
set at the same time, we can often test
out enough infertile eggs from their nests
to enable us to keep the full number of
fertile eggs under some of the hens, while
others will be free to take fresh settings.
This saves time. The testin' is useful, also,
in showing the eggs in which development
has taken place, but has become arrested.
Such eggs readily undergo decomposition,
and are very easily broken by the hen.
When a rotten egg is broken, and its putrid
contents are spread over the other eggs in
the nest, it is apt to put an end to life in
a good many of them. We save chicks when
we can recognize arrested development early,
and take the egg away. w. r. f.
I enclose statement of my chickens for
the last two years.
1909 — Number of chickens, 97.
Number of eggs sold, 874 dozen .... $187.69
Chickens sold, 60 . 16.00
Paid out for feed . 136.67
Net
$203.69
$67.02
1910 — Number of chickens, 110.
Number of eggs sold, 1,124 dozen .. $229.1 4
Chickens sold, 98 . 25.35
Paid out for feed . 154.66
$254.49
Net . $99.83
Our feed is too high in price here to
make any profit on chickens. Price to-day
for feed, whole corn, 80 pound sack,
$1.40 ; wheat screenings, 90 pound sack,
$2; cracked corn, 80 pound sack, $1.20;
whole wheat, 120 pounds sack, $2.75 ;
scratching feed, mixed feed, 100 pound
sack, $2.25. This is a timber country, and
there are only a few settlers here. No grain
is being raised as yet, only grass, and it
is good, averaging two to 3% tons per
acre. Price for hay to-day is $20 per ton,
usual price from $12 to $15 per ton. Land
sells for $8 to $15 per acre, not cleared.
Improved farms from $25 to $60 per acre.
Ingraham, Wls. d. h. h.
Introducing Mrs. Houdan Hen.
On page 186 I notice your statement that
the Connecticut Agricultural College is
working to develop a heavy-coated hen that
will lay a white egg. It seems that the
learned “perfessers” of Connecticut have
overlooked the Houdan hen, that has all
the qualities they are after, which qualities
they probably will not be able to improve
upon by making a mongrel breed. The
Houdan has been bred in France for more
than two hundred years and has always
been known as an egg producer, especially
as a producer of nice-sized white Winter
eggs. Today it is the great egg and meat
fowl of France. Introduced some 40 or
o0 years ago into America it has been
forging ahead slowly but surely as its merits
are becoming appreciated. I think its
Jias been retarded somewhat by
hn™ n for a to° larse crest, but this can
eaai‘y . c°rrected, as I have corrected it,
coLSelcc! n,g and mating from a mediurn-
it bIrds- There is a theory (and
♦ho i/ 'j0 ^ a theory! that these crests on
fli lUdan destroy their utility as a farm
iacc«t of their not being able to
wot „^rs’ and also because the crests get
after CaUSe .coIds- I have found this
having a J;iarS t0 be a11 bumbug, my birds
t* to +L free orchard run in the country
sa“a chance as other chickens and
hlvp To , °f tbomselves just as well. They
ave had a three Winters’ test in open
front houses without any curtains what¬
ever, and I would not go back to the old
type of closed house. It seems to me we
have enough varieties now for every pur¬
pose, and I can assure your readers they
do not need to look to other than the
Houdan for a good, hardy, heavy-feathered
breed that will lay a large white egg Sum¬
mer and Winter in well paying quantities.
Pittsburg, Pa. w. c. d.
That Open-front House.
John Beet, page 250, will be a sorry
man if he makes house to face southwest.
Handling one facing south I find quite a
number of days on which I have to leave
curtains down, and can imagine what a
southwest exposure would be. If his land
is such that southwest is necessary I
would advise two muslin partitions for the
Winter months. I use one such in a south
exposure, and find it a great benefit. I am
afraid Mr. Beet has miscalculated the bene¬
fit of so much sunshine, as the winds
would offset part of the benefit. He will
find that the longer he keeps hens in an
open front house the more they will shun
the wind. w. j. dougan.
Replying to Mr. John Beet's inquiry re¬
garding an open front henhouse, page 250,
southwesterly exposure, I am glad to inform
him my house has faced that way for 10
years. It has a hotbed sash in the east end
to catch the early sun, and I have had the
best of results. My house is three feet up
from the ground, and it is an ideal way to
build. All Winter long the hens have a
sheltered run underneath, always dusty,
where they wallow to their hearts’ content.
I never see them picking at themselves.
The house is 16 feet deep, rear four feet
and front five feet high, pitch roof six feet
in center, no glass, all open in front. I
never had roup, a sick hen or frosted comb,
though I have S. C. Leghorns. The interior
is always dry and odorless. They began
laying in October and have laid heavily all
Winter. Fresh air, a dry floor and two* feet
of leaves to scratch in have produced eggs
when my neighbors with damp houses had
none, in January I got 13 eggs per hen.
Englewood, N. J. g. g. h.
Sprouted Oats Sou. — The simplest
method of sprouting oats for 50 hens is to
take three boxes measuring two feet by four
feet inside and three inches in depth. If
there are one-half inch spaces between the
boards in the bottom so much the better.
Put these boxes across carpenter’s horses
or other support, lay a sheet of wrapping
paper over the bottom to prevent the oats
from going through. Soak oats from 12 to
24 hours ; a pailful to each box. One-lialf
the quantity does not start as well or make
as good a sod ; double the quantity is apt
to heat. Water night and morning with
hot water, using a sprinkling pot. When
the first box is ready cut with a sharp
kitchen knife a sod the size desired, and
lift out with a spading fork. Use heavy
oats. When the first box is empty put new
paper on the bottom and fill again ; rake
level but do not use rake thereafter as is
often recommended. I nave never found
it necessary to spray boxes ; the cleaning
out and repapering bottoms may in a meas¬
ure prevent mold. I would not advise news¬
paper or any other paper that might when
eaten be injurious, for it often adheres to
the sod. f. h. p.
The Milk Pail that
Keeps
Milk
Clean
Will you try
one 10 Days
Free ?
We take all chances, for we know you
will like it. Sent on trial prepaid. If not
satisfactory, return at our expense. All
dairymen approve it. The
Sterilac Milk Pail
is the only oue Unit is a real success at keeping milk clean.
There is no chance for contamination. Milk, pure and
sweet, just as it is drawn from the cow, goes straight into
the pall and it is all t*»«.t dots go there. 44 Dirt Shelf’4
catches all hair, dust or filth that falls from the cow or
udders. Milk 44 keeps 44 longer because it is really pure.
The pail is right shaped, strong, made to last. Easy to
wash. You can’t know how good it is till you see it and
trv it. Price $2.50. Ask vour dealer. If he hasn’t it we
will send trial pail prepaid. Return if you don’t like it.
STERILAC COMPANY, S Merchmts Row. Boston, Mus.
imund Dairymen, Takea Look at the
STRITE GOVERNOR PULLEY
Its the original and •* ou\y
thing for driving cream sep¬
arators with gasoline en¬
gines. Once tiled, always
used. TRY ONE. Ask your
dealer for a 44 STRITE M or
write us direct. Don’t take
an imitation.
Strite Governor Pulley Co.
357 South Third Street
Minneapolis, Minn.
FOR MENDING HARNESS
It takes
a wax
thread,
feeds
from spool
does the work of
any harness maker ,
machine. It is indis¬
pensable for farmers.
Agonts wanted. Sent prepaid
for $1.25. Send at once for
catalog. STEWART-SKINNER CO.
35 Hermon Street, Worcester, Mass.
shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, car¬
pets, saddles, suit cases, buggy tops,
dash boards, or any heavy material.
Stewart’s Automatic
Awl istheonly per-
Sewing
Awl.
NATURAL Ground PHOSPHATE
Add 50 to 100%
to the productive
capacity of your
manure byapply-
ing only 20c
worth. to each ton
of manure.
Write for free Booklet
telling all about it.
Increase your
crop yields 50 to
75% by applying
$1.25 worth per
acre to the soil
direct. Leading
Agricultural Experi¬
ment Stations confirm
this, as our free Book¬
let shows. Address.
THE FARMERS GROUND ROCK PHOSPHATB CO.
MTPIE -
TENNESSEE
ASANT
SSEE I
Wonderful Bargains
In Vehicles and Harness
Before you buy any kind of vehicle or harness, send for
the 1911 Free Murray Style Book and compare Murray Price •
with others. This Big 178 Page Book costs you nothing and
is exactly what you need. Every Farmer in America should
have it in the home handy for use. 251 illustrations, many in
colors; 138 styles of Carriages, 74 styles of Harness. See our
Wagon Leader of special construction, page 101, and Big Special
Harness Bargain, page 143.
» "Highest Award’4 Buggies Direct From
His Factory — Four Weeks’ Road Trial — Insures
Sale Delivery— Two Years’ Guarantee
Why should you even think of buying Buggies, Harness or Saddlery from
any Dealer, Agent or Mail Order House, when you can save 30 to 50 per cent
by dealing direct with the old, reliable Wilber H. Murray M’f’g Co.,
Factory in Cincinnati? Isn’t it just good “horse sense’’ to keep all these
middlemen’s profits in your own pocket? Even if you are prosperous, there
is no real reason why you should throw away your hard earned money.
Its
FRE
tt
if
30 Day Free Road Test
We don’t ask yon to bny a “pig in a poke”. We want you to act with your ,
eyes open— everything in plain sight— know exactly what you are doing. That’s /
why wo say to yon, “Tost any Murray Pleasure Vehicle 30 Days Free before]
yon buy”. Just, hitch up and use it every day for a whole month, if you like,!
then make up your mind. And, remember, when you do decide to buy wo stand
squarely behind you with the famous Murray Guarantee of Quality.
The Wilber H. Murray MTfl Co., 308 E. Filth SL, Cincinnati, Ohio ^ ^
Mail Coupon Now!
We Want our 1911 Catalog + __ To |
in the Home of Every Far- + MurrayMTfl *
mer in America. Mail . Company.
Free Coupon Right ^ ^ 308 E. 5th St. Cincinnati, 0.
Now! Please send me my copy of the
- Big FRKB Murray Stylo Book,
without obligation on my part.
Name.
Address.
I
I
I
I
I
I
Steel Wheels
will make yonr old farm wagon w. _
as good asnew. Save money be- kAAi/
cause they never need repairs. DUUn
Write for big free book telling *-i
, all about them and how they pay . r rPP
Empire Ufg.Co.Ilox 0IS-Z Quincy, III. * *
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the
PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Dumping Caldron. Empties
its kettlein one minute. Thesimplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food for stock. Also make Dairy and
Laundry Stoves, Water and
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog
Scalders, Caldrons. etc. I2?”Sond
f or particulars and ask forcir ;ulai, J
luivmoxo OUU u.uv xui oil lUUtJI J
SPEltliV & 00„ Bat .via, 1U.
The Only Implement Necessary
to Follow the Plow in Any Kind of Ground
Is the “ ACM E. ” It cuts, crushes, levels, turns and smoothes in one operation, and thoroughly works all tho soil.
Ora Plowpd rnrn Ctllhhlp the “ACME” leaves trash burled after
■VII I EUWCtl CUl II SlllUUie the sha.p sloping coulters have thor¬
oughly sliced and cut it, where its valuable fertilizing qua lilies are available. The coulters cut
through to tho under soil leaving no lumps or air spaces between the furrow slices. The under
Boll is thoroughly compacted and the top soil left loose attracting and conserving all the moisture.
IV1
Pulverizing Harrow Gives You
Greatest Value lor Your Money
r because it does more work in the same time than any other Harrow and with the least strain
"on horses. The construction is steel and iron. Every part warranted. Sizes are
from 3 to 1 7% ft* wide — a size for your requirements. Get our combined cata~
log and booklet from your dealer, our General Agents of the home office.
DUANE H. NASH, Incorporated
137 Division Ave., Millington, N. J.
General Agents,
JOHN HhKKK PLOW CO. ,
Syracuse, N. Y.
Free Book
WALTE
Here are two machines that will help
harvest your hay crop in less time
and with less work than ever before.
The Admiral Mower
is the easiest-running, cleanest and most powerful cutting mower because no
other has genuine under-draft, floating frame and uniform tilt of the cutter-bar,
giving the greatest possible cutting-power and without neck-weight.
No. 10 Steel Rake
is unequalled for long and satisfactory service. It is made entirely of
steel. Every tooth is individually held and has a coil-spring that relieves
strains and prevents breakage. The teeth are always under control. Wheel
hubs are renewable. The No. 10 always rakes clean.
Send for our big Diamond Jubilee Catalog
which explains why the Admiral Mower and No. 10 Rake are the best money can
buy There are 95 illustrations of these and other Wood Machines you should see.
Just send name and address on a postal and send now.
686
aaJi«o-*wsn hh'j?
rtfit
382
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March IS,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
Those readers who have not received
the annual index for 1910 and desire a
copy will be supplied on application to
The Rural New-Yorker.
We have several inquiries addressed
to this department, the writers signing
only initials of their names. We wish
to notify readers again that we shall
not be able to give attention to com¬
munications that do not contain full
name and address of the writer.
Our people long since recognized the
moral principle in the Lewis case. When
the present Governmental inquiry is
completed, we propose to get the money
for our people, if there is anything left
to get. We could and we would do
that without talking about it from week
to week ; but the traditions we hand
down to our children are more import¬
ant than the money we leave them. If
one man, without truth or scruple or
honesty may rob country people with
impunity, others will be found to follow
his example. If such men be allowed to
aggrandize themselves at the expense of
those who trust to their seductive prom¬
ises, it will be idle to tell the children
of their victims that truth and honesty
pay better than deceit and trickery. We
must not give our children reason to
think that we would compromise with
fraud, nor that we would tolerate the
rogue. The farm home is the fountain
head of truth and integrity, and we want
him who would invade its sacred pre¬
cincts with sinister intent to understand
that his success earns for himself the
scorn and contempt of decent people
everywhere.
I enclose an advertisement of N. Collins
Smith, Amenia Union, N. V., cut from a
local paper. I would like the opinion of
The It. N.-Y. on it. Is it trustworthy ?
Connecticut. D- E- B-
This is an advertisement of a local
land proposition at West Brownsville,
N. Y., where it is claimed the Pennsyl¬
vania Railroad is making some improve¬
ments. We don’t know much about
West Brownsville, and we do not know
what the railroad company is doing
there, but we know the advertisement
has all the allurements of the ordinary
land promotion schemes, with some new
and original ones of its own. They would
like to make you think that you can put
$790 into a lot, and if you dream strong
enough about profits, you will wake up
some morning and find yourself rich.
From our experience of land proposi¬
tions in the past, we would advise our
Connecticut friend to keep his money
and center his dreams on something
nearer home.
Would you try to recover the money I
sent Dr. J. T. ‘McClanahan of Roonville,
Mo.? I enclose paid hank check to the
amount of $25 which I sent him. It was
for a supposed reorganization of a mining
company. I am enclosing you circular and
would like to know what you think about
it. The doctor is supposed to be quite
wealthy. a. f. k.
Minnesota.
It is utterly impossible to get anything
out of claims like this, and we refer to
them only to emphasize that fact to peo¬
ple who may be tempted with new
propositions. It does not make any dif¬
ference whether the promoter is rich or
poor — an honorable member of society
or an acknowledged crook. As far as
you are concerned the results are al¬
ways the same. You part with your
money and don’t get anything of value
in return, except the promises of profit
which you always digest before you part
with the money. If you want to save
yourself trouble leave get-rich-quick
propositions alone.
We have accepted $1,000 in settlement
of our claim against the Syracuse Breed¬
ers’ Association. II. E. lvinne, Jr. We are
losing 27 per cent, of our original check
and the expense we went to, yet I am
positive of the fact that had it not been
for you it would have all been lost. Each
of the parties here more than thanks you
for the assistance you have given us and
if you will kindly inform us as to your
charge it will be paid. d. d. h.
Virginia.
We- don’t know how much, if any,
credit is due The R. N.-Y. for the set¬
tlement of this claim, which grew out of
a purchase of live stock amounting to
$1,170 in November, 1909. The cows
were purchased on a definite specifica¬
tion, including veterinary certificate.
They were, however, held up in transit
at Washington, D. C., and some of them
condemned and slaughtered. The animals
that passed the test were not considered
up to the -specification, and were refused
and ultimately sold by the transportation
company for charges. Demand was made
by the purchaser for redress, but no set¬
tlement was effected. It was sent to us
in November last, just a year after the
transaction. The correspondence showed
that representations were made at the
time of the sale that prominent and re¬
sponsible dealers were members of the
association, and the information by a
commercial agency verified this state¬
ment. The breeders, however, deny any
responsibility for the association. We
thought the situation justified vigorous
demand for settlement. Some corre¬
spondence resulted, but the settlement
was adjusted through attorneys, as in¬
timated above, direct with the complain¬
ant. It was reported in local papers in
January that a New York farmer had
sent the association $520 for cattle, and
that he did not receive either the cattle
or the return in money until a warrant
was issued for Kinne’s arrest. It is al¬
leged that a settlement of the case was
then made. At the time of the or¬
ganization of the association we had an
order for advertising it. We, however,
demanded the guarantee of some re¬
sponsible breeder or party for the proper
conduct of the business. As this was de¬
clined we refused to accept the advertis¬
ing which, however, seems to have
found a ready acceptance in farm papers
generally.
Your very prompt letters replying to our
eager questions were received, and we feel
exceedingly thankful to you for each re¬
spective guidance to the safe side. As
alreadv written you, our problem was to
rescue a neighbor farmer from going into
that Chicago’s shark’s mouth, even after
our neighbor had sold off all his herd of
cows and a barn of hay preparing to go to
destruction and lose, eventually, his $10,000
farm and home. Hurrah ! We win, and
he and his wife arc off for a week's vaca¬
tion to give their minds time to reach an
equilibrium after such a narrow escape ;
guess they are pretty well shattered for a
few days and may he a little longer. They
were snatched from next to death. Whew !
You don't know. Our interference was the
“fault’’ of our reading Publisher’s Desk
column in The It. N.-Y. If we had not
been reading that regularly, a $10,000
home aud farm would have passed out of
town, I guess. We are certainly thank¬
ful to you. B. B.
Connecticut.
It seems impossible that a man with
a $10,000 farm and home would be al¬
lured by the proposition referred to,
but so it is. Let no one criticise se¬
verely. These propositions are alluring
and proposed with an apparent fair¬
ness that disarms suspicion. The scheme
is usually to invest money in a busi¬
ness and become a partner or State rep¬
resentative. The dupe has a snap job
for a few weeks, but soon finds himself
without an income. It is a satisfaction
to shut off a game of the kind occa¬
sionally, and such frank and grateful
acknowledgment of the service makes
one feel that the work has not been in
vain.
Could you collect $6 aud the interest
due me from the Inter-State Employment
Exchange of Geneva, N. Y. The amount
was paid them March 12, 1910, to procure
me help for the season. I did not get the
help nor the money back. E. C. C.
New York.
The order was acknowledged on
March 14, and promise made that the
help would be on hand during the week.
On April 1 a reply signed by F. J.
Keeton stated that the business had re¬
cently changed hands, but promised to
return the money if satisfactory help
was not secured. Again on April 5 a
letter signed by Roy Satterly made
apologies for the delay and promised to
make the deal perfectly satisfactory.
Again on April 23 he was advised in a
letter signed by F. J. Keeton to hire his
own help if he could and the money
would be returned. Then on June 1
explanation is made by George G. Good¬
elle about previous managements and ex¬
plaining that Mr. Roy Satterly previously
owned the business and had suddenly
disappeared and that he alone being re¬
sponsible the correspondent would have
to look to Mr. Satterly for it. In a
letter to us of November 20 Mr. Keeton
states that George G. Goodelle was the
owner of the Inter-State Employment
Exchange at the time the money was
paid, and that he, Keeton, did not buy
the business until March 10 fellowing.
He states that the books in the office
show that the remittance was received
by Mr. Goodelle. Mr. Keeton thinks we
violated the law in writing him about
his promise, and states that he is going
to keep the correspondence for further
use. Mr. Goodelle, on the other hand,
writes us November 23 that the owner
of the Inter-State Employment Exchange
on March 12, 1910, was Le Roy Sat¬
terly, who purchased the business from
him about a year previous, and says that
the county clerk’s office will prove his
statement. He concludes his letter with
the following paragraph :
T wish to warn you that if you publish
or cause to be published anything detri¬
mental to me I will take action against
you. and I will go the limit.
The records simply show the helpless¬
ness of a farmer in a transaction of the
kind. The business seemed to have been
bought and sold by these parties on their
own statements. It is not clear that
either Mr. Keeton or Mr. Goodelle . are
responsible for this remittance, hut it is
very clear that the farmer is out his $6
in the transaction. j. j. d.
THE SU
Farmer's Bulletin No. 236 on Incubation and
Incubators, issued by the U. S. Dept, of Agriculture describes a
perfect incubator. In so doing it describes the SURE HATCH as
faithfully as though the writer had a SURE HATCH INCUBATOR stand¬
ing before him as he wrote. Read what he says:
‘‘The body should be mounted on strong legs.”
"The top should be smooth and unincumbered.”
‘‘No machine is complete without nursery and chicK tray.”
‘‘Best regulator is double disc.”
"Body should be of unshrinkable material.”
“Walls must be airtight and have dead air space between.”
“Must have double doors perfectly fitted.”
The SURE HATCH is the only incubator having every feature required in a perfect incubator.
Double redwood walls with dead air space between; dependable hot water heating system,
sensitive, positive heat regulator and safe, steady lamp, are Sure Hatch features that are
not equalled in any other incubator. The
SURE, HATCH
against disappointment by getting a SURE HATCH, the inc
of Tiatching more healthy chicks than any other
cannot fail to
hatch all fertile
eggs. Insure
_ a SURE HATCH, the incubator that has
earned its reputation of Tiatching more healthy chicks than any oth
incubator made. TRY A SURE HATCH 60 DAYS FREE. We
guarantee satisfaction and pay the freight. Send today for our
Free Sure Hatch Book containing valuable information.
Sure Hatch Incubator Co.,
Box 44 Fremont, Neb.
POULTRY SUPPLIES |
Everything for the poultryman at low prices: Auto¬
matic Feeders, Hall Mammoth and Model Incuba¬
tors, Feed, Remedies, Hcn-e-ta, Rat Corn, Liverine,
LegBands,etc. Prompt shipments. W rite forcatalog.
HARRIES & BENEDICT CO. 67lMc^sr-
Bonnie Brae White Leg-
horns and Pekin Ducks Si
ready: also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS GO., Peekskill, N. Y.
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
Our Prices Hatching Eggs— S. C. White Leghorns— One
setting, 15 eggs, $2; two settings, 30 eggs, $3.50;
three settings, 45 eggs, $4.75; one hundred eggs, $8;
one thousand eggs, $70. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C.
Black Orpingtons— Ono setting, 15 eggs, $2.50 and $5;
one hundred eggs, $14 and $28. Fertility Guaranteed.
Our Prices Baby Chicks— S. C. White Leghorns— Fifty or
less, each, 20 cents; one hundred, $15; ono thousand,
$125. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C. Black Orpinqtons—
Fifty or loss, each, 30 cents; one bundled, $25, Wo
guarantee safe arrival of CHICKS in first-class
condition.
RICHLAND FARMS', Frederick, Md
TUP PPI PRRATPn HUNGARIAN ANO ENGLISH
IflC OCLUDnAICU PARTRIDGES AND PHEASANTS
Wiki turkeys, quails, rabbits, deer, etc., for stock¬
ing purposes. Fancy pheasants, peafowl, cranes,
swans, storks, ornamental geese and ducks, foxes,
squirrels, ferrets, and all kinds of birds and ani¬
mals. WENZ & MACKENSEN, Dept. 10, Plieas-
antry and Game Park, Yardley, Pa.
RIAWT RRHN7P turkey eggs, $3.00 per
Ulrtl'l 1 DnUlILL 10; Rose Comb R. I. Red
Eggs, $1.00 per 15: Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1.00
per 10. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
H. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
WHO AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS-Chicken E00s. Hand-
if - — - some Catalog 2 ct.
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville, Pa.
WIT, PLEASANT FARM
A b reeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
S. C. W. IiEGHORKTS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y, HAVRE DE GRACE, Maryland.
CINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS— Hatching eggs from
U vigorous birds a specialty. Quality kind at
right prices. Famous Lakewood strain.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N. J.
IA/HITE HOLLAND TURKEYS from prize
11 winners at bargain prices. White Wyandotte
eggs for hatching. H. W. Anderson, Stewartstown, Pa.
Indian Runner Ducks“£," u,“«555:
Eggs, $1.50 per 13; $8.00 per 100. F. J. FULLER,
Waterport, Orleans County, New York.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Black Langshan Eggs for
1 sale. J. GORDON DRAKE, Port Huron, Mich.
UIHITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS— Tlior-
II oughbred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
of large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 12; Buff
Orpingtons, $1 .50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu-
batoreggs. On Kitin' Hill Farms, Pittstown, N. J.
FARM BRED POULTRY-FREE RANGE
Partridge Cochins, White Itocks, Barred
Rocks, Partridge Wyandottes. Prize win¬
ning strains. Stock and eggs.
MINCH BROS., R-a, Bridgeton, N. J.
Pure White PLYMOUTH ROCK EGGS
For hatching, bred directly from the Graves strain:
acknowledged- everywhere as the leading strain of
this popular variety. No pains or expense has
geen spared in obtaining and mating up some
brand birds.
Exhibition Mating.... $4.00 per 15
Utility Mating . 2.00 per 15
A few choice Cockerels for sale cheap.
MRS. C. S. GREENE,
New Rrigliton, Staten Island, New York
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, 8. C. It. I. Red.
Eggs. 90c. per 16, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per 60, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
THE FARMER'S FOWL— Rose Comb Reds, best winter
1 layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER. Route], Uicliland, N. Y.
□ mil TDYMCM- 8end 10 cents for our flneGO-
rU U L 1 M 1 IY! Lll pnge Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
'THOROUGH BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties.
A Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1; 40. $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS £Nl®k
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm JJJfees.™ rAddress
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
1) n HO $1.00 — Leading varieties, 62 breeds. Prize Poul-
ZU try, P-igeops,. Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
Davis S, C, Reds 8ST COCKERELS
$3 and $5 each. EGGS FOR HATCHING.
BABY CHICKS— $15 and $20 per 100 after March 1.
BOOK ORDERS NOW. Davis Poultry Farm, Berlin, Mass.
Pn||| TRY — 35 ®est Breeds. Bred for Laying.
rUULI il I Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
QIKGLfcCOM 1) White Orpingtons, Kellcrstiftss strain. Eggs for
O hutching $3 per 15; from prize winning stock, three cockerels
$5 each. W. A. KAISEK, 2703 Jamaica A vc., Kh hmond Hiil,L I.
Aiiot jn’q S. C. R. 1. REDS— 200-egg strain. Eggs,
$1.50 per setting. Prices on quantities.
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor, N. H.
CnpQ FOR HATCHING, from big, vigorous, farm-raised
LUGO Barred Rocks. $5 ner 10(1; Pullets, $2 each.
G. T. HUGHES, Watclnmg, New Jersey.
Eggs For Hatching-}!,',,!;;,
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock —
utility, show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Q C. WHITE LEGHORNS— Exclusively. Eggs from prov-
ui en best payers. WYCKOFF’S STRAIN— “Bred to
Lav and Thoroughbred.” On 360 A. free range.
LAKEVIEW FARM. Eggs and Stock, R. F. 0. 2, Peekskill. N. Y.
To Move Quickly Cost-Weand B Le;
horns, S. L. and W. Wyandottes, R. and S. 0.
Reds, W. and Barred Rocks. Write for just what
von want in vour first letter and we will lie sure to
please you. MAPLE COVE POULTRY YARDS, Athens, Pa,
S. C. White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
yearlings and 2-year-olds. Circular. VANC’REST
POULTRY FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
flAY-OLI) CHICKS— S. C. W. Leghorns, _$12
U per 100; s. C. R. I. Reds, $15 per 100. Hatching
eggs, exhibition and utility. THE WINONA
FARMS, Drawer 272, Lansdale, Pa.
Greidcr’s Fine Catalogue *
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen-
darfor each month, illustrations, descrip-
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where V
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
batching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greider, Box 58 , Rheems. Pa. £5r
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios,
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, Weedsport, N. Y.
1911.
THE RURAI> NEW-YORKER
383
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, March 18, 1911.
FARM TOFICS.
Use of Plaster; Seeding Rape . 346
The Tale of a Seed Agent . 346
More Michigan Potato Diggers . 346
Asparagus Culture for Profit . 347
Onions from Sets . 348
Draining Barn Basement . 348
Onions and Celery on Sod . 348
Treatment of a Wheatfield . 348
Soaking Potato Seed . 348
Value of Fertilizer . 350
Vetch for Heavy Soils . 350
Western Tomato Yields . 351
Second-growth Timothy . 351
Exterminating Thistles . 351
Rent for Land . 352
The Use of Tankage . 352
IIow He Kills Quack Grass . 352
Manure, Ashes and Bone. . . 354
Rye or Oats . 301
Facts About Virginia . 361
More About Manure Spreaders . 361
Nightsoil . 361
Hope Farm Notes . . 362
Seed Drill; Vetch . 365
Checkers Start a Farmers’ Institute... 369
City Manure and Fertilizer . 374
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
More About that Horse company . 368
Care of Winter Lambs . 368
How Process Butter is Made . 369
Stiffness in Mare . 369
Scours . 36!)
Colt with Cataract . 369
Cow with Itching Skin; Branding . 369
Summer Silage without a Silo. Part II. 370
Lice on Calves . 370
Rickets . 370
Rape as a Pasture for Sheep and Hogs 371
Milk . 372
Dairying in North Dakota . 372
What Is Milk . 372
Copperas for Congested Udder . 372
4 The Cow vs. the Hen . 374
A Large Mink Story . 374
Ailing Cow . 375
Sick Mare . 375
Bone Spavin . 375
Scurf on Hogs . 375
Ringworm . 375
Thrush . 375
Ration for Holsteins . 376
Ration for Milch Cows . 376
Idee on Cattle; Insufficient Ration.... 376
Ration for Guernseys . 376
Distillers’ or Brewers’ Grains . 376
Handy Poultry House. Part II . 378
Early Hatched Leghorn Pullets . 378
Vertigo in Fowls . 379
Ivouse Killer for Poultry . 379
Soil-sprouted Oats for Hens . 380
Caring for Little Chicks . 380
Minorcas or Leghorns . 380
Figuring on Hens . 380
Eggs in December . 380
Those .$12 Hens . 381
Introducing Mrs. Houdan lien . 381
That Open Front House . 381
Sprouted Oats Sod . 381
HORTICULTURE.
The Best Stock for Cherries . 345, 346
Iieasing Orchard Land . 349
A Tomato Grower Talks . 349
Sediment in Lime-sulphur . 350
American Pomological Meeting . 351
The Himalaya Berry . 351
Origin of the Apple . 352
Transplanting Privet Hedge . 352
The Prune in Western Washington and
Oregon . 353
Experience with Cherry Tree . 353
Keeping Turnip- rooted Parsley . 353
An Apple Orchard in South Indiana... 353
Orchard Heating in California . 355
Orchard and Farm Fertility . 355
A Jerseyman and His Garden . 356
Nut Growing in the North. Part II... 357
Fruits for Wisconsin . 360
General Questions About Lime-sulphur. 360
Strawberries in Arkansas . 363
New Head on Old Trees . 363
Nitrate of Soda for Strawberries . 363
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day .
The Rural Patterns .
Beginning to Know Birds .
How to Preserve Goose Grease .
Buckwheat Griddle Cakes .
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Struggle with an Express Com¬
pany .
A Master of “Guff” .
Natural Brace for Gate Post .
Pumping Questions .
Editorials . .
Other People’s Money .
Events of the Week .
Life in Western Nebraska . . .
Syphoning Water .
Products, Prices and Trade .
Farmer on Reciprocity .
Publisher’s Desk .
366
366
367
367
367
347
349
360
361
364
365
365
365
365
379
379
382
Peach Yellows and Lime-sulphur.
naye there been any experiments madi
with the lime-sulphur spray to determini
whether it will prevent or cure the neacl
yellows if used in time? H b s
Cuyahoga Co., O.
We think such experiments have beei
used, but it will not cure a case of genu
ine “yellows.” Even the scientific men an
not yet sure just what the disease is.
Core Rot in Winter Banana Apples.
My Winter Banana apples are troublec
with a rot which appears to start at th<
core and spread through the fruit. Is li
characteristic of the variety? What cai
b01LPC’ne?. READER.
Massachusetts.
,U1 have had no personal experience witt
this trouble in apples. I have, however
seen much of a similar trouble in Clapp’i
favorite pear. This develops core ro
immediately after maturing and while stil
hanging to the tree, as you probably
t.m?hi This^ ls Pure]y a physiologies
trouble in the case of the pear, due t<
tne fact that the tissues ripen and breal
down at the heart before they do at th<
surface of the fruit. There are no para
sitlc organisms directly responsible for it
in +», therefore to be regarded as a defecl
variety> for which there is n<
remedy As 1 said, I have no persona
knowledge of the Winter Banana apple
but I suspect the trouble may be of thi
same nature. If so, it is enough to mak!
varlety unsuited for commercial cul
Wisconsin. Plant Pathologist.
Lime On Alfalfa.
Is it necessary to put lime on Alfalfa
after it is growing? The land had plenty
put in when sown with .Alfalfa. The plants
are not quite two years old. G. h. l.
New York.
Yes, if the land is sour, though usually
Alfalfa would not start and live two years
on soil that needed lime. The way to lime
Alfalfa is to use it heavily before seeding
and work the lime into the soil ; using it on
the sod rarely pays.
Oats and Peas for Hay and Grain.
I heard a man say that he planted oats
and Soy peas together, and when ripe har¬
vested same as hay, and then thrashed out
oats and peas and used balance as hay. Is
such a thing possible, or is combination cut
when green and cured and used same as
hay? j. v. T.
You probably mean Canada field peas
and oats. Soy beans would not do to sow
early. The peas and oats may be ripened,
cut like grass or like other grain and then
thrashed. We think it more profitable to
cut and cure them like hay before the peas
or oats become hard.
Applying Soluble Oil.
I have applied the soluble oil spray to
some fruit trees for the San Jose scale.
The spray froze upon the trees ; will this
destroy its efficiency? Would it be better
to apply on a warm day in order to do the
business? s. o.
It is not safe to spray In freezing weath¬
er. The liqu'd freezing on the buds is
liable to kill them and the oil will not be
fully effective. The best time to spray the
oil is on a warm, bright day when the
water will evaporate.
Newspaper Fertilizer.
Can you tell me if anything can be done
with accumulated newspapers, in the way
of making garden manure from it, perhaps
with the aid of garbage of small quantities?
The latter I collect and expect to use after
decomposed. I get plenty of newspapers
daily and generally burn burn it up, but
would like it to make fertilizer for my
small vegetable garden. a. f. w.
It is doubtful if the newspapers would
be worth the cost of handling for fertilizer.
There is not much plant food in them.
You can slowly decay them by mixing with
garbage or manure, but old sods or ordinary
rubbish will give you more plant food.
Best Slope for Orchard.
Would quite a steep side hill lying to
the south be a desirable place for an
orchard where there are a number of
seedling apple trees? Some one has told
me a northern or western exposure was
better and not as apt to be damaged by
frost in the Spring. v. H.
Schoharie, N. Y.
The west and north slopes are better
than the south. The chief reason is that
on the south slopes the buds are likely
to open and bloom earlier and are thus
more likely to be caught by a late frost.
On the north and west the buds are slower
to start.
Crop to Replace Onions
Some of the onion growers west of
here who have been knocked out by the
maggot, smut and scullions, are debating
as to what is best to put on this rich
ground. It has been heavily fertilized
with manure and commercial fertilizers
and lime. A few are going to try Al¬
falfa — a number of patches hereabouts are
doing well after careful nursing. Would
deep subsoil plowing, with lime, help; and
would the drains have to come up?
Erie, I’a. j. l. p.
Subsoiling and lime will help any Al¬
falfa field. Let the drains stay. The
roots will not work into them unless they
run water all the time— as from a spring
or pond.
Manured Crop After Wheat.
On page 165 I notice you invite dis¬
cussion on changing a Pennsylvania rota¬
tion. I will give my experience. E. G.
says he proposes to plow sod down and
sow to wheat, then after wheat is har¬
vested sow something to plow down for
corn. If he wants to get a good growth
to plow down, let him plow the sod as
soon as possible after haying and sow
buckwheat, one-half bushel to the acre ;
cover buckwheat well, then sow one pound
Cow-horn turnip seed and two pounds of
Dwarf Essex rape per acre, and cover
lightly. He will then get a mass of vege¬
tation to plow under the following Spring
for corn that ls surprising, even on poor
soil. The advantage of this plan is that
the rotation need not be changed at all,
the ground is fully protected, besides
weeds havd no chance at all, as thp
buckwheat will cover the ground in a
very short time. This will give plenty
of time after haying to get these crops in.
The buckwheat will freeze with the first
heavy frost, then the turnips and rape
will grow until the ground freezes.
Lititz, Pa. l. b. h.
Success with Speltz.
On page 192 you asked any of your read¬
ers to give their experience if they had
grown speltz in the East. We sowed two
bushels speltz last April on clay loam. It
grew finely to a height of 2^ to three or
more feet. Straw was bright as could be
and the horses ate it as well as Timothy
hay ; did not leave an inch of straw. We
fed_ the grain whole to horses, not one
grain passed them whole. Same horses when
fed oats seemed to leave half of them or
more whole or not chewed at all. I
have been told that Russians farming in
North Dakota raise large quantities of
spelts and say it is the only grain fit to
feed a horse. The single grain ls larger
than barley and usually two together, which
perhaps causes the horse to chew it bet¬
ter. It will stand cold, wet weather bet¬
ter than any Spring-sown grain I ever saw.
It remained a dark green all the time when
the oats alongside became yellow, with
some red leaves, which died later ; we
thought because of excessive wet and cold ;
the oats straw rusted, speltz was entirely
free from rust and bright as a new silver
dollar. I saw by the report from a State
experiment station that speltz straw was
equal to or -better than Timothy hay
Germantown, N. Y. H c H
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See gu*arautee page 20.
EASY MONEY
We want a responsible agent in your com¬
munity to handle local sales for us, direct
from factory to home. T1 his is an opportunity
for you to save yourself or friends the dealer’s
large profits on a High Grade Piano.
Straight from the maker to the home on
thirty days’ free trial. Send stamp at once
for Beautiful Illustrated Catalogue and
special agents’ proposition.
F. J. HAGGERTY CO.
Manufacturers — Distributers
High-Grade Pianos
WARREN, PENNSYLVANIA
THE BEST U. GHT
Absolutely safe. Makes and burns its own
gas. Brilliant 600 candle power light.
Casts no shadow. Costs 2 cents per
week. No smoke, grease, nor odor. Over
200 styles. Every lamp warranted. Agent*
wanted. Write for catalog.
THE BEST LIGHT CO.
401 E. 5th St., Canton, O,
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on Its ilsts men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them are without
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of tbem speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with i:s,
stating what you will pay, whether the woik is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. 8 I. A. S.. 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
Vacuum Gleaner Without Cost
offer telling how to secure a high grade
Vacuum Gleaner without cost.
HOME SI 1'1‘M CO., Dept . M, Seottsburg, N. Y.
JOHN C. QUICK CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 34 JAY STREET, NEW YORK
POULTRY FARM EGGSoUR SPECIALTY
QUICK Returns Our Motto. Established 1855
l^LLL BARREL LOTS of slightly damaged Stoneware
f" shipped to any address direct from pottery at New
Brighton, Pa., for $1.00. Lots are well assorted, contain-
tng crocks, jars, pans, bowls, pitchers, tea and beanpots
—a little of each. Send cash with order. Write us.
.E. SWASEY & CO., Portland, Me.
UWR FENCE
Many designs. Cheap as
wood. 82 pace Catalogue
free. Special Prices to
Churches and Cemeteries.
Soiled Spring Fence Co.
Ibox 314 Winchester. Ind.
Jersey Bulls For Spring Service
From Son of “The Imported Jap.”
£ lying Fox, Financial King, Stoke Pogis, and
Combination Blood. Also Fertile Eggs from
Young’s S. C. W. Leghorns, Wrights \V Wyan-
dottes, and Tuttle’s R. and S. U R. 1. Rods, $1.00
per 15, $5.00 per 100. Satisfaction guaranteed.
_ , ^ SHELDONCROFT Silver Lake, Pa.
Chas. B. Dayton, Supt.
Corn Planter: also Two-Horse Iron Age CnTti-
yutor: irsod one season; cheap for cash. D. 0.
GILBERT, 35 North Street, Danbury, (Joun.
pOR SALE— 574 acres good Grain and Stock Farm;
partly improved; $$ per acre. Owner,
D. S. WALTER, Terry. Mont.
FOR SALE- FIXE VIRGINIA FARMS, river
frontage 300 acres and 600 acres. For particu¬
lars write W. W. WILLS, Palmyra, Va.
p'OR 8AT.K — Chicken Ranch, with buildings, yards, etc
X 700 Leghorns, incubators, brooders, co-iv. horse,
wagons, implements. 12 acres, 6-room house, bam, fruit,
running spring water. Price, S4.500. Mile from station.
Address LOY, Huguenot, Orange County. N. Y.
FOR SALE _ Farm °f 132 acres, $1,000
■ w it vnkt. „f timber, twelve-room
two barns, granary, hoghouse, henhouse,
cherries and grapes, Sold $425 worth hay.
ings are insured for $2,500. Taxes only $25
fourth mile from school, l1.; mile from i
town. To settle estate promptly. Price
HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Owego,
County, New York.
worth
house,
apples.
Build-
One*
ailroad
$2,000.
Tioga
W ANTFFi Industi O'is single man for
tmniLi/ farm snd dairy work in
Orange County. Must be good milker. Reply
stating wages expected to “X. A. F," care Rural
New-Yorker.
EDUCATED YOUNG MAN wishes a position witl
an up-to-date farmer. P. H.E. care R. N.-Y.
WANTED TO KENT with pi iviloge of buying,
tt Farm about 100 acres, with buildings. Address
B. G, C., care The Rural New-Yorker.
YUUNb MAN ing at Cornell wishes position c
farm oversoer. P.E.J..11 Greystone Terrace.Yonkers.N.l
rnMbiibML cxrcnicnuc ami train
IRH Farm? FOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile
IQU 1 U I III 0 Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
A 60 ACRE FARM FOR SALE-fnrs,»»,^
no buddings, no stock. Apply to owner.
MINISINK FARM, North Water Gap, Pa.
YORK STATE FARMS, all sizes and i
nearly ail parts of the State. Illustrate
catalog tree to parties intending to buy.
N OKT HERN REALTY CO,, Syracuse, N. Y
Delaware Farms Gen. du Pont, Preside n^'of
the du I ’out Powder Co., presented Delaware with a
Macadam Road through entire state. When completed
farms will lie worth twice the money asked now Senti
for our catalogue, free. FORD A REIS, Inc." Dent.
II., Wilmington, Del. * ’ P
CONNECTICUT FRUIT FARMS
94 acres, good 9-room house, large barn#, several
hundred apple trees, many grafted fruit, some seed¬
ling*. Soil gravel loam with clay subsoil. lh> miles
from railroad station; 13 miles from Hartford
Price $4,000.
Also a tract of nearly 400 acres of fine fruit land;
three-quarters of it can easily be plowed this spring.
About 400 young fruit trees, Baldwins and Green¬
ings. Only six miles from Hartford. A fine farm
to develop. Price. $20,000.
G. H. CARRIER, 66 STATE STREET, HARTFORD, CONN.
SHIP YOUR CONSIGNMENTS
- TO -
GEO. OLIVER & COMPANY
Established 1850
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
WEST WASHINGTON MARKET. -:- HEW YORK. N. Y.
PROMPT RETURNS
Hothouse Lambs, Poultry, Calves, Fancy Eggs
Ship to W. H. COHEN 8 CO., 229 Washington St., New York.
pi.EASK send a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
1 mission House in New York. Kst. 1838. Butter
Kegs, Poultry, Pork, Calves. Hay, Grain. Beans
Apples, etc. k. «. woodwakp, *<ic Uieanwich si., .n.v.
Boston Produce Co.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St., - Boston.
Eggs, Poultry, Meats, Produce.
Shipments solicited. JELLIFFE. WRIGHT 8 CO., Com¬
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New Y’ork.
Hothouse Lambs.
Calves, Poultry, Fancy Eggs, Hothouse Products,
r rmts, Vegetables. Top prices secured for choice
goods. Correspondence solicited.
Archdeacon& Co., 100 Murray St., N.Y.
GEO. P. HAMMOND. KST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN
GEO. P. HAMMOND & GO
and Hothouse Products a Specialty. Consignments
solicited. 34 & 36 Little lgtli St.. New York-
Two Great Auction Sale s.
From the SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM, Newark, Ohio
WILL BE SOI.D AT THE
GATES SALES STABLES. ELMIRA. NEW YORK. FRIDAY.
MARCH 24. 1911,
STOCK YARD STABLES. ALBANY, NEW.YORK. THURSDAY.
MARCH 30, 1911.
This is a rare opportunity furnished the breed¬
ers and horsemen of eastern states to secure
some stallions and mares from one of the most
reliable importing firms in America brought to
your locality without the expense of long ship¬
ping bills. The quality, finish and reasonable
prices of the horses at the famous Sharon Valley
Stock Farm will suit the most exacting pur¬
chaser. Do not allow trivial affairs to keep you
from these sales. A better class of horses means
more prosperous farmers and communities. Do
not fail to secure a stallion or pair of mares and
make money faster than you ever did before.
You cannot afford to miss these sales.
Col. G. W. CRAWFORD. SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM, *
Newark, Ohio.
LIVE AGENTS
Wanted, w'::.;:
MukeHGJO toi$50 weekly
Exclusive territory if you
write now for agent’s
proposition on the quick¬
est selling household
article made. Agent’s out¬
fit $3.50. Write for terri-
tory and get busy now.
Economy Vacuum Washer
washes clothes automatically in 10 to 30
minutes. No wear or tear of clothes.
Saves soap, fuel and all rubbing. No
machine to run. No labor. All copper —
lasts a life-time. Guaranteed for 7 yrs.
Money back after 30 days’ trial if dis¬
satisfied. Price $3.50, express prepaid.
Send for circular right now.
ECONOMY SALES CO., Dept. 6, Metro, Tower, N.Y
9 884
March 18, 1911.
<THB HURAh NKW-YORKER
Ss Eg
Starts
TODAY!
85,000 Rolls of Roofing
Ready to Ship by Fast Freight!
We are throwing overboard, at 50 cents on the dollar, our entire surplus
stock of high-grade Flint-Coated and Rubber Roofing. Over 85,000 rolls of this world-famous Roofing
placed on sale, beginning today, at the lowest prices ever quoted on this quality of roofing! Every roll guaranteed from
five to ten years, according to weight ! It is absolutely imperative that our warehouses be cleared of this surplus stock ' ""
inside of 30 days! This great Warehouse Clearance Sale is being widely advertised in papers all over this country, ana
already the orders are coming in by telegraph and special delivery letters from all over the United States.
Vast Stock of NEW MILLW0RK Forces Quick Clearance of ROOFING!
y-v _ _ _ a _ _ ~ ~ ~ tit _ i. _ a 4-t, ond orrovpl rnntincrs. when for less
Our sash and door factories and planing
mills are turning out an immense stock of
new Millwork for which we must make room
at once in our big fireproof Warehouse.
This forces us to unload the Roofing, re¬
gardless of price. Such values in high-qual¬
ity, GUARANTEED ROOFING will cer¬
tainly never again be offered.
It’s a fact, which investigation will prove,
that you must pay your Dealer two and one-
half to three times these prices for Roofing
of equal quality. And no dealer in the
country can or dares to sell you Roofing at
anywhere near our prices.
Here Are Our
Quick-Sale Prices
Per roll of 1 08 square
feet, including Nails,
Can of Cement and
Complete Instruc¬
tions for laying, FREE
in Every Roll!
One -Ply Roofing —
will wear 5 years . .
2- Ply Roofing, $
will wear
8 years ...
3- Ply Roofing, $
will wear
10 years . . •
We cannot guarantee to hold these
prices open longer than thirty days.
At the prices we are making for QU1C K
CLEARANCE, our entire surplus will
be closed out in a rush. You can’t
make money easier than by ordering
a lot of this Guaranteed Roofing.
If you order more than you need,
you can clean up a nice profit on the
deal by re-selling to your neighbors.
Send us a RUSH ORDER and we will
ship by fast freight within 48 hours
after your order is received.
RESERVATION ORDERS will be
accepted for shipment at any time with¬
in SIXTY DAYS. You may telegraph
your order at our expense if you wish
to be absolutely sure of some of this
surplus stock of Roofing.
Twice as Durable as
Any Other Roofing
Gordon-Van Tine Roofing is made
from Long-Fibre Wool Felt, Water¬
proofed with Natural Asphalt and
surfaced with Flint and Mica. The
color is slate gray.
Why buy “shoddy” roofing, made of
cheap building paper, with tar binder
and gravel coatings, when for less
money you can get this genuine guar¬
anteed product ?
Makes a Leak-Proof
Water-Tight Roof
Our Roofing is Water-proof, Fire-
resisting, Storm-proof, Acid-proof,
Vermin-proof, Elastic, Tough, and
has double the durability of any other
roofing on the market. It is unques¬
tionably the
Cheapest and Best
Protection for
All Farm Buildings
You will find our Guaranteed Roof¬
ing on the great Sheep Barns of
Western Ranches — on the mammoth
Barns and Sheds of the Great Cattle
Ranches — on the Houses, Barns,
Hog Houses, Implement Sheds,
Poultry Houses and other Outbuild¬
ings of the Dairyman and General
Farmer.
%ENPORT,10^
USE NO HOO10
RUSH
ORDER BLANK
GORDON-VAN TINE COMPANY,
2239 Case St., Davenport, Iowa
Gentlemen:— Please book my order for
* TL!. mm. V*tIH OIiamaa to secure a supply of this Splendid Roof
llllS IS YOUl Uiiance ing at Bargain Prices, if you act quickly
.Rolls of 1-Ply Roofing at 93c each, $ . J
.Rolls of 2-Ply Roofing: at S1.22 each, 8 . J
.Rolls of 3-Ply Roofing: at 81.50 each, $ .
For your convenience in oidering, we have provided a RUSH ORDER
BLANK which you can fill out, tear off and mail, with your check, draft or
money order attached, for all the roofing you want. You are absolutely safe
in sending money direct to us. Any banker in America will tell you we are
thoroughly responsible. We have a paid-in capital of $250,000. See our rating
in Dun or Bradstreet’S Commercial Reports. Ask the editor of this paper.
We ship Roofing and Building Material into every community in the
country and have over half a million customers.
sSend Either Coupon Today *
RUSH
INQUIRY BLANK
GORDON-VAN TINE COMPANY, (111) {
2239 Case St., Davenport, Iowa
Gentlemen : — Please send at once full particulars J
of your Great Warehouse Sale of Surplus Roofing ,
direct to *
Rolls of... . ...atj . each, -
( Write Building Papor, Straw Board or Tar Folt in apace above.)
1—1 Immediate -
1 I Shipment. -
(Put X in proper square.)
Also please send the items checked below:
^ W $ UUCVl g
! S
Better get your order in today. Use the Rush Order Blank. If you are not . . J
quite ready to order, by all means send the Inquiry Blank and get further par- i J
ticulars of this most unusual Money Saving Opportunity. Ask for tree , . *
Roofing Book. Ask for Free Roofing Samples. Ask for Grand h ree Millwork
Catalog. Ask for Free Lumber Price List. It will pay you to get_ better *?'
quainted with the Biggest Millwork and Roofing Plant in the
its entire output direct to the Actual User and saves you all
Tear off one or both of the Coupons and get acquainted
I enclose (draft or money order) for 8 . * ful bargains. p I ji i buiuuu » — — - >
! js ■ Uf Ml 4% 2239 Case Street* | Quality, Safe Delivery and Satisfaction Guaranteed! !
ZZ: | Gordon -Van Tine Co. Davenport, ioWa
**—***“*******'
□ Hold for
Instructions.
A BARN OF TERRA COTTA.
What a Massachusetts Dairyman Did.
The great objection that is made to many model
stables is that they are built by institutions or by men
who have become well-to-do in business other than
farming, and so, quite naturally, ordinary farmers,
who depend on their farms for their living, look upon
such stables as unpractical. The purpose of this
with cement plastered on metal lath. It has not been
entirely satisfactory, because the walls dampen
through in a heavy rain.
The milk house was hardly begun before we found
that we would need more stable room. Our old stable
is in the hay barn, with pit underneath, and there is
no suitable place for young stock, so we decided to
build a stable for the cows and. use the old one for the
young stock. This building also, if built of wood and
three feet six inches wide and four feet 10 inches
long from stanchion to gutter. The gutter is 18 inches
wide and six deep; a passageway four feet wide is
back of the gutter. There is an open space of 14 feet,
including mangers, between the stanchions, enough
so that loads of green feed can be brought in . The
mangers are two feet six inches wide and live inches
deep, and are to be used for both feeding and water¬
ing. There is a passage two feet eight inches wide
PART OF A ROW OF COW STALLS. Fig. 125.
THE'FRONT OF ALL THE BUILDINGS. Fig. 127.
article is to show that it is possible for farmers to
have as good buildings as anyone.
The Elm Shade Dairy Farm contains about 125
acres, 50 of which are cultivated, the rest being pas¬
ture and woodland, and is located in the fertile Con¬
necticut Valley, four miles from Springfield, Mass.
It has been in the same family nearly 200 years, ever
since the locality was first settled. For several years
we had been making high grade milk, selling at the
farm to a peddler. About a year ago we began sup¬
plying the Wesson Maternity and Memorial Hospitals
conveniently located, would be very dangerous in case
of fire, lying between the hay barn and the horse barn.
We had visited the Massachusetts Agricultural Col¬
lege farm at Amherst, where there is a reinforced
concrete stable, and they advised us to use terra-cotta
tile, which they had used for a large hay barn ; mean¬
while the builder had become interested in the terra¬
cotta, and wanted to use it, so we decided to build
with it, and have . found it entirely satisfactory, so
far as we can tell at present. The man who put up
the building i§ one of the pioneer cement users in
at the south end of the stable, and one six feet wide
at the north end for bringing in hay, grain and silage
from the barn. The manure is to be carried out in a
litter carrier, dumped into a wagon and carted off
every day.
The floors are all three inches thick; the stalls and
passages back of them are one inch above the founda¬
tion, while the milk house, main passage and feeding
floor are seven inches higher and the passage to the
barn rises about two feet to the level of the barn
floor. The foundation is 10 inches thick and three
SOUTHWEST CORNER WITH WALLS NEARLY UP. Fig. 126.
THE COMPLETED BUILDING. Fig. 128.
in Springfield and the Baby Feeding Association,
which furnishes milk, natural or modified, for baby
use. lo care for the business properly we needed a
milk house with more tank room than our old one,
and also facilities for bottling, separating and washing.
Our buildings are so located that it was impossible to
build of wood in a convenient location without too
greatly increasing the fire risk, so decided to use
cement blocks, as that was the only fireproof material
with which we were familiar. This building is roofed
this vicinity, but neither he nor his men had ever
handled terra-cotta, yet they had very little difficulty
except that caused by the cold wet weather of the
late Fall.
The plan of the buildings can best be understood
by the drawing, Fig. 131. The outside dimensions of
the stable are 36x45, giving plenty of room for 20
stalls, and the arrangement is modeled after the one at
Amherst. The stalls, of 1^-inch pipe, and the
stanchions were bought all ready to set up; they are
feet deep, of cobblestones grouted with cement. The
walls of the stables are eight inches thick ; the sides
are nine feet high and the ends 11 feet. The tiles are
laid up much the same as cement blocks, and are
plastered on both sides. The outside is left slightly
rough, and the inside is finished with a skim coat
troweled smooth. There is a strip of reinforced con¬
crete eight inches square over the doors and windows,
which binds the whole building together. Cement
blocks are used for the window sills and cornice. The
380
' THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
March 25,
window frames are three feet square except those in
front, which are 3x4, and there are seven windows in
each side and two in each end, which will give
ample light, over five square feet of glass per cow.
The windows are to be hinged at the bottom and will
have galvanized shields on the sides to prevent drafts.
The air for ventilating will enter through the win¬
dows, using the muslin system if we find it necessary,
and the outlet is through two 12-inch ventilators in
the center of the roof. The main doors are seven
feet six inches by 10 feet, the stable doors are 4x8 feet,
being made extra high on account of the carrier
track. As will be seen by the plan, the stable extends
to the south beyond the other buildings, so that it
gets the full benefit of the sunlight, and is protected
from the northeast and northwest winds.
The roof is the most interesting part of the building.
While the roof was being built it was supported by
centering studding being set up about every four
feet, planks laid lengthwise on them, and then cross¬
wise 16 inches apart on centers. Two I beams, into
the sides of which the rafters and tiles are laid, were
put up lengthwise of the building, each one supported
by six 2j4-inch pipes filled with cement set just in
front of the stalls. Then the four-inch tiles are laid
on the planks with a four-inch space between the
rows, which is filled with cement reinforced with
three-fourths-inch rods, part of which are bent over
the I beams to give added strength and bind the sec¬
tions of the roof together. The hooks for the carrier
tracks are laid into these cement rafters. The center
14-foot span is made level, the side spans are 12 feet
long and slope about two feet. A coat of cement vary¬
ing from one to three inches is plastered on the out¬
side, the center span being crowned to shed water. A
ridge of cement is built up on the edge of the cornice,
making a fine gutter. The roof is to be covered with
a heavy coat of asphalt to make it entirely proof
against rain and frost. After standing about two
weeks the centering was removed and the inside plas¬
tered. The whole roof is estimated to weigh 40 tons
and to be strong enough to support 40 tons more. The
two small rooms have four-inch walls, and are roofed
with cement plastered on metal lath. The passage
to the barn is 6x12, and the one from the stable to the
milk house is 6x8 and will be used for a straining
room. The milk house is 12x16 outside measure; the
tank room is six feet six inches by 10 feet eight
inches inside, and the other room for washing, sepa¬
rating, etc., is eight feet by 10 feet eight inches inside.
There are three tanks for cans and bottles; the outlet
pipes are so arranged that when the caps arc removed
the surplus water runs off, the pipes in two of the
tanks being cut to the right height for cans, the other
for bottles. When we change the water the pipes un¬
screw out of ties set flush with the bottom of the
tank. The partition and table are of cement plastered
cn lath like the roof. The can rack is of half-inch
galvanized pipe, and will hold 40 cans; it extends
through the partition with a rack for pails on the
ether side.
Most people think, because the buildings are fire¬
proof, that they must be very expensive, but that is a
mistake. As near as we can estimate, counting our
own time, they will cost about $2,000 all equipped
ready for use, and they are paid for wholly by the
money received for milk. Wooden buildings, built
in first-class shape, sheathed inside and with slate or
shingle roofs, would not cost, much, if any, less. It
is easily seen that the first cost of a cement floor is
less than a wooden one. The builder said he could
put up the terra cotta roof cheaper than one of slate
or shingle, partly because it would be nearly flat, mak¬
ing less roof space and making the end walls of the
building much smaller. The walls probably cost some
more than wood, but not much, if any, more than
enough to balance the saving on the rest of the build¬
ing. Of course cheaply constructed wooden buildings
can be put up for much less money, but that is hardly
a fair comparison. We have the great advantage of
having a set of buildings that cannot burn and will
last indefinitely with no outlay for insurance and
little for repairs, besides being as sanitary as they can
possibly be made. eemer f. bodurtha.
Hampden Co., Mass.
A BUMPER CORN CROP IN KENTUCKY.
I have 18 acres of slightly rolling, rather thin yellow
clay land containing just enough sand to make it wash
badly when left exposed to heavy rains. In June, 1910,
it was drilled to Whippoorwill peas; the best spots were
mown for hay and seed, and remainder was gleaned by
the pigs. In October it was double disked, fined with an
Acme harrow and drilled with 1 1-2 bushel of rye per
acre, no fertilizer having been used at any time. The rye
seeding was followed by several weeks of dry weather,
and it had made but very little growth until January 10,
since which time we have had some pretty warm weather,
and the field has “greened up” nicely. I wish to raise a
bumper crop of corn on this land, and on account of bad
roads large quantities of manure are out of the question,
although the thin spots will be manured slightly and the
rye turned under. The growth of rye will not be great.
Will it sour the soil enough to damage the corn crop?
Please advise me how to proceed, how much and what
kind of fertilizer to use, whether to sow the fertilizer
broadcast or in the corn row, etc. T. m. d.
yinitbland, Ky.
It would have been better to have plowed and sub¬
soiled that land thoroughly last Fall, for there is noth¬
ing that tends more to prevent washing than a deep
bed of broken soil into which the rain can sink. Most
of the washing all over the 'South has been caused by
shallow plowing, so that when the Summer torrents
come the shallow surface gets into a creamy state and
runs down hill because it cannot si.'k into the soil.
But I would never attempt subsoiling in Soring, since
the subsoil will be wet when the surface .s in good
order for plowing. Then it would have been far bet¬
ter for the corn crop if you had sown Crimson
clover seed last Fall, either alone or along with the
rye. There is nothing better for a corn crop than a
growth of Crimson clover plowed under in the Spring.
We find here that where com is on a clover sod there
is never any firing, but the leaves keep green to the
ground. Of course with a liberal application of com¬
mercial fertilizer you can greatly increase the corn
crop, but a clover sod manured during the Winter
makes corn more economically than fertilizers. Mr.
Clarendon Davis of Alabama makes corn at a cost of
8J4 cents a bushel. I have been on Mr. Davis’s farm,
who went from Kentucky to Alabama and has brought
up a farm that made five bushels of wheat to a yield
of 35 to 40 bushels But as you have the rye it will
help getting organic matter into the soil. You should
plow it under before it gets tough, for it decays slowly
after the stems are strawy. Then harrow in a mixture
made of 1,000 pounds of acid phosphate, 600 pounds
of cotton-seed meal and 400 pounds of muriate of
potash to make a ton. Of this use 500 pounds broad¬
cast, and harrow in well, for the feeding roots of
corn run far and wide and soon get away from a little
in the hill. Then leave a small portion without this
fertilizer, and note the difference, and you can ascer¬
tain what it has cost you to make the extra corn. The
man who farms in a regular rotation, grows plenty
of forage from the legume crops, and feeds it and
makes manure need never buy ammonia in a fertilizer
and can usually make his soil more fertile and pro¬
ductive by the use of acid phosphate and potash alone
on his wheat. Good, systematic farming is better than
lavish fertilizer using. w. F. massey.
CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING.
No. 1.
In taking up the question of cooperative marketing
it seems but proper to diagnose the case as it stands,
and see whether there is need of prescribing, and if
so see what we are to do to correct each difficulty, or
as the doctor would say, treat the symptoms. As to
the need of improvement in market methods, the proof
seems to be ample, but poorly comprehended by the
grower. There is ample proof of the 33 per cent the
farmer gets out of his product, but the reason is not
always so evident, because the causes are variable.
In order to arrive at some of the reasons let us fol¬
low a number of shipments of products. We will take
as the shipping point any loading station in western
New York. The cases will be specific and actual,
but no names will be given, but designation will be
made by letter. The first is a car of very fancy
Spitzenburg apples shipped to a well-known com¬
mission house, A. A sold the apples at the car to
B for $4, B sold them back to A for $6. A took
them to his store and jobbed them out at $7.50. A
makes returns to the shipper of $4, less freight and
10 per cent commission, or $3.36; 45 per cent of the
jobbing price. In this case the fruit must have re¬
tailed for a high price, and it is fair to assume the
grower got very much less than 35 per cent of the
consumer’s dollar. The practice cited here is a very
common one.
Take a car of potatoes; the fanner is paid 35 cents
at the car or storage. The dealer gets from three to
five cents per bushel for loading, the railroad nine
cents for freight to New York, Philadelphia or Balti¬
more, bringing them up to possibly 50 cents delivered
in New York wholesale market. Investigation shows
that the consumer pays, when bought by the peck, 40
to 60 cents, or $1.60 to $2.40 per bushel, and the poor
people who buy by the quart at from eight to 10
cents, or from $2.56 to $3.20 per bushel, if the quarts
hold out.
Next we will follow several cars at once. A ships
a car of cucumbers, B a car of celery, C a car of
onions, D a car of potatoes, E a car of apples, to a
commission man whom we will call Smith, at Phila¬
delphia. Jones, of Wilkesbarre; Roe, of Hazleton,
and Doe, of Reading, all jobbers of fruit and vege¬
tables, go to Smith, of Philadelphia, to get supplies.
Each buys some of A’s cucumbers, B’s celery, C’s
onions, D’s potatoes, and E’s apples, making up a
mixed car, and it is shipped right back by the railroads
over which they had just come, sometimes nearly
half of the way to point of shipment. The produce
was grown by neighbors, but it had to go to Phila¬
delphia to be put up in mixed cars to be sold to the
dealer who lived midway. There was the extra cost
of freight, commission, and handling in Philadelphia.
Query, were the products improved by the delay and
handling? Could the growers have sold direct?
I will next take up some peach shipments, Fall of
1908. Tom, Dick and James shipped independently,
and as in this case representing dozens of shippers
who were scattered over western New York peach
belt. Utica, N. Y., was short of peaches, and prices
quoted there were high. Neither knew the others
were going to ship, so he shipped to Utica, expecting
to get the high prices. Result, 36 cars reached Utica
in a single day. The bottom dropped out of the
market, and peaches hardly brought freight. During
the entire Fall Columbia, S. C., a town of about the
same size, did not have any New York peaches, and
many other towns were just the same. Why were
all the peaches dumped on Utica and other places went
without any?
Some people know that good apples are grown
about Rochester, N. Y. Some consumers in Rochester
know it, yet W. C. Barry, president of the Western
New York Horticultural Society, says friends of his
could not find any. Mr. Woodruff, of the Rochester
Chamber of Commerce, could not find any good Spies,
and a friend of the writer, after searching in vain,
sent to a friend in Canada and got two barrels at a
cost of $7 per barrel delivered. The writer knows
there were hundreds of barrels of good Spies grown
about Rochester. Who is at fault? If the products
of the manufacturers in any line were not sold regu¬
larly in such a market, would they or would they not
see that they were sold? Is it the grower’s duty? If
not, whose?
Cases could be cited almost without limit to show
the weakness of our individual system of marketing.
A careful study of the causes leading up to the or¬
ganization of somg of the most prominent of our
successful cooperative marketing institutions reveals
the fact that most of them were organized, not be¬
cause of much better and cheaper facilities for market¬
ing or the better prices which might be procured, but
because conditions had grown so bad that the mem¬
bers were forced into organization as an absolute
necessity. If they could only exist they would re¬
fuse to organize, but as a last resort, absolute failure
staring them in the face, they finally organize to co¬
operate in selling their products. Secretary Wilson
says “Producer and consumer should get closer to¬
gether.” But with the present understanding or rather
misunderstanding of each other or their needs, just
how are such conditions to be brought about? Near
to our large markets, market gardeners and fruit
growers are familiar with the desires and require¬
ments of the consumer, and know what to expect,
but when you go further from the consuming centers
the growers are generally ignorant of the require¬
ments, and in a large per cent of the individuals it will
be found that they believe what would suit them or
would pass with them ought to be accepted by the
consumer without complaint. At this point it would
be well to compare the attitude of the manufacturer
and farmer toward the consumer. The manufacturer
labors constantly to meet the demands of the con¬
sumer, studying carefully to have every desire satis¬
fied, and if he discovers something new of which the
consumer is ignorant, spares no pains or expense to
bring it to his attention. He tries in every way to
make his goods attractive, both as to the article it¬
self, and the package in which it is placed. Manu¬
facturers of superior articles enlighten the consumer
as to the superiority of the article. The farmers’
mails are full of circulars from fertilizer companies,
sprayers, plows, harvesting machinery, etc., setting
forth the superior merits of the goods. They do not
wait for the farmers to find them out, or for the
middlemen to take them, but in numberless ways
bring to the notice of the consumer their wares, and
in many ways the smaller manufacturers cooperate
in this work. It would seem that such example
should be understood and accepted as a guide by the
farmer. The only reason to which I can attribute
this condition is that the farmers, being more isolated,
have become more individualistic, and depend on their
own judgment, and have formed so strong a habit
of working independently that it is hard to overcome
it. In my next article I shall endeavor to show how
these conditions are overcome by cooperation, and
how it can be extended to be of benefit to both pro¬
ducer and consumer. chas. r. white.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
1911.
INHERITANCE IN CORN EARS.
An Experiment in Mixed Seed.
A year ago I described the results of an ear-to-rovv
test with 25 selected ears of yellow dent corn, and
pointed out the variations in yield from these ears.
At that time I chose six of the parent ears, which
were only half shelled for the test, intending to
grow a mixed strain from them, because their rows
seemed to have some characters in common, viz.,
early maturity, relatively high yield, and rather
less foliage than other rows. I also chose eight
of the original ears for another strain because
of tendencies toward leafiness and later
maturity, with slightly lower yield of
grain. I planted the seed from each
group of ears mixed, in quite uniform
soil, and they made a nice appearance
until drought interfered. I watched
these strains carefully until harvest, and
looked in vain for any evidence of dif¬
ferences in maturity or growth of fol¬
iage. At harvest the differences in yield
were negligible where the chances were
equal for the corn rows. The fact is
that all of the selected ears were good
ears, of mixed ancestry, and the differ¬
ences observed in the rows of my first
test from them were not pronounced
enough to be worth much in a practical
way. I did get splendid corn for that
variety from both groups. That was
due to inheritance backed up by good
soil conditions.
In the same field I planted another
ear-to-row test of the same variety of
corn. Twenty of these rows were
planted on uniform soil, a stony,
gravelly knoll which dried out badly
and reduced the yields. Such conditions
are much better for showing differences
due to inheritance than are more favor¬
able ones. At harvest time I found
three rows which showed pronounced
differences in yield and character of the
ears. Differences in the growth of fod¬
der were not noticed. Fig. 132 shows
the piles from these three rows just
after husking and weighing. No. 3 made
the best yield and was certainly the
best in type of ear as one can easily
see. No. 7 made a good yield, but was
decidedly inferior in type. No. 11 was
very low in yield, although some of the
“nubbins” were fairly good in type. The
laborer who harvested No. 11 predicted
at once that it would get the “booby
prize.” I have tabulated the yields and
per cent of moisture contained in these
three lots, each the progeny of one
selected ear :
No. 3, moisture 27.1-3 per cent; yield dry
shelled corn -per acre, 46.9 bushels.
No. 7, moisture 31 per cent; yield dry shelled
corn per acre, 43.6 bushels.
No. 11, moisture 3414 per cent: yield dry
shelled corn per acre, 20.3 bushels.
I have saved the progeny of No. 3
with the intention of perpetuating it this
year, but knowing that it was allowed
to cross-fertilize with other rows infer¬
ior to it, I did not save enough of the
seed of the original ear to make a good
start. The results obtained from No. 7
have set me to thinking that it might be
well to study the results of planting in
separate rows the corn from ears which
we ordinarily discriminate against when
making selections because of shape of
kernel and diameter of the ear. How
much has type to do with yield? I am
now planning to make an ear-to-row test
of extreme variations in type, all found
in one variety, but all having some pos¬
sibilities in yield.
Fig. 130 shows a very handy way of
weighing the yields from separate rows
in the field. The tripod is a stout one
belonging to a drainage level. The
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
GRASS ON FERTILIZER ALONE.
Good Results Without Barnyard Manure.
As the season approaches for the commencement
of farming operations I feel constrained to give
the experience of a one-horse farmer in breaking
up old worn-out meadow, and by cropping without
any barnyard manure, getting it into grass again and
securing large crops of same. No attempt was made
at following the “Clark” method; indeed to most of
us that plan is impossible, because of our mixed
farming, which calls for our attention in so many
ways at the same time, making it impossible to give
WEIGHING AND SORTING CORN IN EAR TEST. Fig. 130
40
387
of the last year a mixture of Timothy, Red-top and
Alsike clover was sown in the corn, and cultivated in,
this being the last of four or five cultivations both
ways, as the corn was in checks.
With the potatoes was used for two years about
one ton per acre of another home mixture of very
high grade. The last year the potatoes were dug in
September and the land then well harrowed and
sown to Timothy alone. At time of seeding 500
pounds per acre of bone dust was used. Then in the
Spring following on all the land was sown 400 pounds
per acre of a mixture analyzing 8-8-S, composed of ni¬
trate of soda, bone dust and muriate of potash. A con¬
servative estimate of the crop was three
tons per acre. That seeded with the
corn has been harvested two seasons
and received the top-dressing above men¬
tioned every Spring, the second year
cutting a heavier crop than the first, and
the stubble now promises another splen¬
did crop. The land seeded after potatoes
was covered for weeks last Winter with
ice, and as the seeding was so late fears
were entertained as to the recovery of
the small grass plants, and indeed when
all of the snow and ice left for good last
March not a green leaf showed, but the
tiny roots had something to nourish
them, as was shown later, when upon
July 1 the Timothy stood almost five
feet high and so thick that it required a
man to follow the mower each swath to
keep the grass back, and in September
the second crop was well headed out,
but was allowed to stay on the land to
keep up the humus as far as possible.
The measure of success to which I have
attained I credit to the following prin¬
ciples: First, lots of cultivation; second,
a good seed bed with available food
right at hand for the young plants ;
third, plenty of feeding each year after
seeding, and keeping the live stock off
the land in the Fall. These results
were obtained on ordinary land, in an
ordinary manner, by a very ordinary
farmer, and prove what could be done
by a wideawake man by still more per¬
fect methods. There are thousands of
acres of natural grass lands in Con¬
necticut and other Eastern States which
do not at present “pay their keep,” and
the only object of this article is that
others may be encouraged to take hold
and reclaim some of this land, for it
can be made to pay a handsome profit
on investment by the use of commercial
fertilizer alone. The land I experimented
upon had been robbed for years, the
hay taken away, and not a particle of
manure or fertilizer put back, and was
yielding about a half ton to the acre.
The fertilizer mixtures used last year
were as follows: For corn, nitrate of
soda, 200 pounds; muriate of potash,
350 pounds; acid phosphate, 650 pounds;
blood, bone and meat, 800 pounds to the
ton. For potatoes, nitrate of soda, 250
pounds; sulphate of potash, 450 pounds;
acid phosphate, 700 pounds; blood, bone
and meat, 600 pounds to the ton. For
grass, nitrate of soda, 1,000 pounds;
muriate of potash, 350 pounds ; acid
phosphate, 300 pounds; blood, bone and
meat, 350 pounds to the ton.
Litchfield Co., Conn. l. h. Reynolds.
GOOD AND POOR RESULTS WITH CORN. Fig. 132
We receive more questions about
the use of lime than on any other single
line of agriculture. There are several
things which may be repeated over and
over. Ground limestone is better on
light soils which have little humus in
them. We would use burned lime on
heavy or very sour soils. Never buy
lime without a guaranteed analysis, and
figure from it which pound of lime is
cheapest. For quick results you should
use two pounds of ground limestone to
one of burned lime. Do not use lime on pota¬
toes or strawberries. Its best results are on clover.
spring balance is sufficiently accurate for comparative land the many harfowings, etc., called for in the
weighings. The laborer is sorting sound from soft intense “Clark” method. Our turf was plowed in the
corn to determine what I call the percentage of ma- Fall and the next Spring fitted with disk and spike- Alfalfa, Timothy, wheat and garden crops. Usually h
edward r. minns. tooth hairows, used alternately until soil was very is better to use lime when seeding to grass, grain or
mellow, then corn planted on a part and the rest clover. Do not plow lime under, but spread on the
put into potatoes. With the corn was used about 600
turity
N. Y. State College
‘Wnnn . .. , . . - -------- . . v,v,v, rough furrows and harrow' in. You will seldom obtain
Sawdust is fermented and* treated^ehemioaTl'v! ^hen^lt P)0Unds. per acre of a home mature fertilizer costing good results by spreading on top of a sod. Do not mix
is mixed two to one with rye flour and baked like ordinary a JOUt $30 per ton, and analyzing fully as high as the burned lime with hen manure or any other organic
bread, it is fed to horses ! No — those animals do not ^est fertilizer on the market, all used in or about the plant food. The ground limestone may be safely used
an.o to sawhorses. hill. Two crops of corn were secured, and in July for this purpose.
388
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 25,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must he accompanied by the name
and aduress of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
teperate piece of paper.)
Cherries for Northern New York.
F. c. M., Lewiston, N. Y. — Will you give
me the comparative merits as to size,
growth, bearing and general utility of the
Schmidt Bigarreau, Lambert, and Bing as
compared to the Windsor cherry for North¬
western New York.
Ans. — The four cherries named are all
very nearly of the same season of ripen¬
ing. Bing and Schmidt are a very little
earlier than Windsor, and Lambert is
the latest of all. I saw all of them
ripening in an orchard in northern
Michigan last year, and this was the or¬
der in which they. came. Another year
they might not repeat the succession in
exactly the same order, but the chances
are that there would be very little or no
change. All of them are late.
H. E. VAN DEMAN.
Young Orchard on Rocky Ground.
C. If. W., New York, N. F. — What is the
objection to putting manure (horse)
around young apple and peach trees, if
any? I have about 100 trees two and
three years old, made a good growth first
year; second year grew plenty of wood, but
not much foliage. They cannot be culti¬
vated with a plow, as it is too rocky ; but
1 cultivate them by digging around with
pick. Can you suggest any other way?
Ans. — When such manure is piled
close around the trunk of the tree it
harbors mice and vermin which gnaw
the tree. This can be overcome by put¬
ting the manure a few inches away and
making a little mound of dirt or coal
ashes around the tree. The manure is a
one-sided fertilizer, that is, contains a
large proportion of nitrogen. This will
force the tree into growth, but extra
potash and phosphoric acid are needed
to harden or develop this growth. You
can use either wood ashes or a mixture
of" bone and potash worked into the soil
when you dig it with spade or pickax.
If you will do this and use the manure
so as not to touch the trunk you can
make a good orchard.
Barren Quince.
,/. O. U., Buffalo, N. Y. — I have a Golden
quince tree that is six years old ; it has
been planted in my yard four years, and
It has never had any fruit on it yet. Every
Spring it is full of blossoms, the fruit
forms and in about two or three weeks they
all fall off. It is at present in a chicken
yard; the chickens have been there for
three years. Can you tell me what to do
with it or how to make it bear?
Ans. — Why a quince tree in healthy
condition, blooming every Spring and
setting its fruit, does not carry it to
maturity, I do not understand. It may
be that blighting of the branches occurs
soon after the fruit sets, but this would
not be likely to cause all the fruit to
drop. I do not know any variety of
quince by the name ‘‘Golden,” and it is
just possible that it is some new variety
that may have the fault of dropping its
fruit after setting. As the tree is in a
chicken yard it may get too much nitro¬
gen from the droppings of the poultry.
If it is convenient to change the yard
fence so the tree will be on the outside
it might be a benefit. Spraying with
Bordeaux Mixture or lime-sulphur wash
might do good and will surely do no
harm. h. e. van deman.
Sediment in Lime-Sulphur.
F. II., Bay side , N. Y. — Upon making lime-
sulphur solution according to directions on
page ICO, I found some difficulties with us¬
ing it. A sediment formed which clogged
the nozzle of the sprayer. I would like to
know whether the sediment should be cast
off after boiling solution, or whether the
sediment can be prevented.
Ans.— It is almost impossible to make
the mixture without sediment. The
amount will vary greatly under what
would seem to be the same conditions.
Occasionally you will get a batch that
is practically free from sediment, and
the next cooking may contain a very
large percentage of sediment. This
shows clearly that while we are wise in
the making and use of lime-sulphur as
compared with two years ago, there is
still much to learn. One of the things
that tends to give a large percentage of
sediment is poor lime. The calcium
oxide is the only part of the lime that
combines with the sulphur in making
soluble sulphides. The magnesia never
goes into solution, so always adds to
the sediment. It is also increased if
lime is poorly burned, or if a portion of
it is air-slaked. Buy if possible fresh
burned stone lime testing not less than
95 per cent calcium oxide. Next is
coarse sulphur; one kind of sulphur will
give as good results as another, but it
must be fine. Too long boiling, also too
little boiling and slow boiling, all go to
affect amount of sediment. Boil briskly
45 minutes to one hour actual boiling.
If there is enough sediment to clog
nozzle then it should be removed by
straining. Made of good material strain¬
ing should not be necessary except on
rare occasions. If I had but one guess
in this matter I would say the trouble
was poor lime. The Geneva Experiment
Station has a list of lime dealers they
will recommend and will furnish same
upon application. And then when you
buy always ask for spray lime. w. H.
Methods of Setting Strawberries.
F. L. C., Jefferson, Me. — In setting straw¬
berry plants grown by oneself is it not
a good method to take them up carefully
and set them out without disturbing roots
and adhering soil, as much as possible?
That has been my practice, and they never
wilt, nor appear to suffer any interruption
in growth. A grower whom I know takes
up his plants, washes and prunes the roots
before setting. That involves considerable
extra work, and seems to me to be an un¬
necessary shock and setback to the plant.
Would like opinions of strawberry growers.
Ans. — We think your method a good
one. Our plan is to take a large ball
of earth with the plant and set it out
in the new place. We use a transplanter
like a tin can of heavy steel. The lower
edge is ground to a cutting edge and
there is a long handle. This can be
put around the plant and driven down
with the foot. When it is lifted up
the plant and a round bunch of soil
comes with it. This is put into the
ground where the new bed is to be made
and the plant never wilts. In buy¬
ing plants brought from a distance we
would prune them top and root, but we
call it useless labor to wash off the ball
of earth and prune for home trans¬
planting.
Lime for Sweet Peas and Asters.
Last Fall I had a small piece of good
sod land plowed, manured and harrowed.
Next Spring 1 am going to plant it to sweet
peas and Asters. Would you advise me to
apply lime as soon as convenient?
Massachusetts. B- M-
We would use lime on this piece in
Spring and harrow it in as quickly as pos¬
sible.
Sawdust Mulch for Raspberries.
Would green hardwood sawdust be con¬
sidered a good mulch for raspberry plants,
and would you advise mixing same with
lime to prevent souring of the mulch?
Oakfield, Wis. E. g. t.
No. green sawdust is not a good mulch.
It will sour the ground. Well-rotted saw¬
dust is good. Lime mixed with the saw¬
dust will help, but we would rather let it
decay or use in the stable first.
Exterminating Wild Carrot.
A tenant has left me a legacy — an un¬
desirable legacy — an abundant crop of wild
carrot in my pastures, and I want the aid
of the readers of of The R. N.-Y. in ex¬
terminating this pest. The pasture has
never been plowed, and the wild carrot
pest has entire possession it. I am con¬
sidering the advisability of plowing it and
sowing some Bromus inermis — a grass that
is strongly recommended to me both for
hay and as an exterminator of wild carrot
and similar pests. The query with me is,
will the proposed remedy (sowing Bromus
inermis) accomplish the desired result?
Rochester, N. Y. T. L.
R. N.-Y. —We should not consider seed¬
ing with Bromus inermis or brome grass,
a sure remedy for wild carrots. A much
surer way would be to plow and plant some
hill crop, like corn and give it thorough
culture.
If your plans for Spring, include the planting of a home or com¬
mercial orchard, or the beautifying of your home grounds, send for
The Stark Year Book
for 1911 Volume II
Hi
today (postage 10 cents)— you
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a book to be kept and referred
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for 86 years have been the
standard by which all other trees
are measured. Stark Trees have
stood the supreme test of planting
for more than 3-4 of a century—
on their merits alone they have
made us friends and customers
by thousands in every tree-plant¬
ing community in the country.
Stark Trees are the kind of
trees that will please you — that
will make you the best and most
profitable orchard. They are
grown right, sold at fair prices
and do what they are expected
to do — live and bear good fruit.
Our Stock
for spring is complete, the assortment
unbroken, the varieties the best of the
best, including Stark Delicious, Black
Ben, & Stayman Winesap apples, etc.,
Alton, Krummel Oct., and the Elbcrta
family of peaches; the world’s best
grapes. Eclipse, King Philip, Delicious
and others. The best of the sweet and
sour cherries, small fruits, roses, orna¬
mentals, shade trees., etc. Any variety
in any class of stock that is worthy of
growing and planting you will find in
our stock. Wc have everything in the
fruit tree line and the best of the hardy
ornamentals.
Whether or not you are ready to
place your order, send for The Stark
Year Book for 1911 (postage 10 cents)
and “The Wonderful Apple Stark De¬
licious” (sent free). You will find much
in these two books to interest you; they
will help you to a better understanding
of what trees should be and why Stark
Trees are everything trees can be.
io
r
CHERRY ^
TREES
for$1.95
This very special collection of 10 Hardy Cherry
trees will be sent you for $1.95. The selections
were made by Mr. Green personally, as the result
of his 30 years’ experience as a successful fruit
grower. Here is the list— there rinone better-
all gilt-edged, first-class, largest size, 2-year-old
trees— and all for $1.95.
One Dyehouse, three Early Richmond, five
Montmorency, one English Morello. The true
value of these is $2.25 according to Green’s
‘‘Direct to you” Prices, but others would charge
you much more.
Here is another — a Plum— bargain: Six first-
class Plum trees, medium size, worth $1.50;
Green’s “ Direct to you ” price, $1.00. The vari¬
eties are as follows— 1 Burbank, 1 Abundance. 1
Niagara, 1 Bradshaw, 1 Lombard, 1 York State
Prune— six in all.
AGENTS PRICES CUT W TWO*
Greens
\J M VA-- - — DIRECT TO rOU.
There are many other Bargain Collections of
trees to be found in our 1911 Catalogue — larger,
finer and better than ever before. Every tree we
send you is first-class, thrifty, north grown, triple
inspected and guaranteed true to name.
We sell direct— have no agents— and our priees
are only one-half what agents charge. Read this :
“My trees arrived in good shape. They are fine,
better than some of my neighbor's trees which
cost twice the price I paid.”
Send today for our 1911 Catalogue to convince
yourself. We will also send you free our souvenir
book, ”30 years with Fruits and Flowers.”
GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 22, Rochester, N. Y.
FRUIT TREES and PLANTS
At priees that will astonish yon. Send for Whole-
sttle Priee List and Lithographs. Several good
collections cheap. We have a complete assortment
in all varieties of fruit trees and plants. Special
Strawberry Catalog. Headquarters for the Old-
Fashioned Sweet Cherry. No crooked or inferior
stock sold at any price. Satisfaction guaranteed.
L’AMOREAUX NURSERY CO.. Schoharie. N. Y.
Black's Peach Trees-! 911
Trees are one of our specialtie
grow for quality and not quantity alone, urn
1% trees, however, cost little, if any, more than th<
i CAri _ »id amnlA,, n/-v a .rantc I <1 it vl
]
i
ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but sell,
.;5direct, saving middleman’s profits. w ■ ■ i
New booklet, "Springtime andY3lU3Dl0
Harvest for the Fruit-grower,” free. L 1 I*
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co. DOOKiGI
Box V, Hightstown, New Jersey
Sent Free
CHERRY TREES
100 Early Richmond Cherry
TwoYear, 5 to 6 Feet, $16,00
Freight paid to your station. All other nursery
stock sold direct to planter at lowest possible prices
for high-grade stock. Send for descriptive price list.
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES
NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
CD HIT TDCCC Pear*. Bartlett, Seckel and others.
rKUI 1 IHlLj Cherrle* and Plum*. all standard
varieties. Peaches grown from buds from bearing
eiock. tret wholesale prices direct from u8;also$lLot
OlferB. Free Catalog. Prize Hampshire sheep. Write
W. P. RUPERT Ac SON, Box 20, Seneca, N. Y.
THE APPLE BUSINESS
Is a sure thing — if you have the right kind of
a tree. People may plant too many oranges
but the good old apple is a sure thing. The
time to get in with that hillside is right now
— this Spring.
There is some discussion about the best
aged tree to plant. Some want big trees and
some little whips. We have them all!
The size is a matter of opinion but every¬
body agrees that the health and life of the
tree is more important. We put life and
health in our trees — or they do it themselves.
They grow in strong ground with no
check from start to finish and with a long
fall season to harden and ripen their woods.
They are sound, free from disease and
ready to grow. Every variety you want
and every tree right.
The Catalog tells all about it.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 15, BERLIN, MQ.
FRUIT TREES
Eldorado Blackberries, Strawberry and
Raspberry Plants. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn.
FRUIT TREES
Our Proof to date after years of service i£ that
we can save you not only money, but disap¬
pointment when your trees begin to fruit.
This Proof will be submitted with our new
catalog— ask for it today *****
H. S. WILEY Ct SON, Box 122, Cayu£a, N. Y.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
380
A WAY TO BEAT THE CUTWORM.
Last Spring I had a fine lot of cab¬
bage plants I raised in my greenhouse.
When the weather was favorable I trans¬
planted about 500 of them in the row
out in the garden. Next morning more
than half of them were cut off by cut¬
worms. I replanted again and again,
till I must have planted between 2500
and 3,000, and I got about 150 plants to
grow; the rest were cut off by the cut¬
worms. I had 1,000 tomato plants yet
in the greenhouse, which I did not wish
to feed to cutworms. How could I beat
them? To tie paper around each one
would be quite a job, and I did not
like to put down bran and Paris green,
as I don’t like to have poison lying
around. I also wanted pots to trans¬
plant into from the benches, and I re¬
solved on the following plan : I had a
roll of scrap roofing and a round block
of iron or piece of three-inch shaft four
inches long. I cut up the roll into
strips 10 inches wide and the width of
the roll, 36 Miches long. Then I cut
each strip (10x36 inches) into strips
4x10 inches ; rolled them around my
block and drove in three small tacks at
the seam, the points of the tacks bent
METHOD OF PROIECTING
small canning factories to put up their
surplus fruits when the market price
goes down so that it will not pay to
ship them. The small factory comes in
the nature of an insurance policy upon
the orchard. There is always a demand
for good canned goods. They can be
kept indefinitely. There are a number
of small canning factories upon the
market now. Most of them will do the
work recommended. Full instructions
how to can are usually sent with each
factory. I do not recommend these
small factories for canning such things
as corn, peas or beans, though some
manufacturers claim their small outfits
will do such work. These products are
much more difficult to can than to¬
matoes, peaches, apples and berries.
Special machinery can be purchased for
canning the more difficult products
when more experience is acquired.
Virginia. R. h. price.
Apple Culture in New York.
<8. IF., Gowanda. X. 1'. — I have a piece of
gravelly loam that lias been hard worked
for several years without much being put
on to it. I am going to set out 100 apple
trees this Spring 40 feet apart, with peach
trees for fillers, manuring around trees.
1 have contracted for peas for canning
factory and will put in with some com¬
mercial fertilizer with them. I wish to
growagreen manure crop after the peasare
off, and wish to know which would be the
better to sow; clover with the peas (also
if this is practical) or sow buckwheat
after the peas are cut. Will hand cultiva-
AGAINST CUTWORMS. Fig. 133.
over on the iron and made a perfectly
strong tube 3x4 inches. I transplanted
into these pots and removed to cold
frame to be hardened. In a week or 10
days the plants had grown till the roots
showed at the bottom of the pot, and
the pots were full of roots. The pots
can be handled at this stage without
the soil falling out of the bottom if
kept damp and bandied gently. Then I
scooped a hole where they were to grow
in the garden, placed in the pot and
filled up the hole with soil. Then by
jarring or shaking the pot a little it
could be drawn half way out, leaving
the soil, roots and plant undisturbed
and the pot forming a protecting collar
around the plant. I leave them this
way till the cutworm season is over,
when the pot can be drawn off over
the top of the plant and used again. In
this way the plant has no setback and
gains a week or more over plants set
out the usual way. I did not lose one
plant treated this , way, and I used the
pots several times for eggplants, cucum¬
bers and later tomato plants, and still
have them to use again this year; 100
square feet of roofing will make about
360 pots, and they can be made in less
than two hours. A piece of three-inch
pipe four inches long or more will make
a good former or block, of course a
larger pipe for a larger pot. Pot and
method of use are shown in the picture.
New Jersey. r. thomas. !-
Home Canning Outfit.
T. P. E.. Peabody, Mass. — I saw in The
R. N.-Y. lately something about canning
vegetables commercially. I would like to
inquire if it is feasible for a man to start
a small canning business, say by raising
his own stock at first, and then branching
out.
Ans. — Yes. This is the method I
have advocated for beginners to start
with for about 15 years. I suppose
something near a hundred small fac¬
tories have started along this line in
different States, following this advice,
and I have not yet heard of a single
failure. As an illustration I might
state that when I first undertook some
experimental work along this line at
Texas Experiment Station, there were
several large company canning fac¬
tories idle and rusting down in different
parts of the State — perishable monu¬
ments of failure. The main cause of
failure was due to lack of experience.
Men who had been connected with
these enterprises advised me that it was
no use to try to make the canning busi¬
ness a success. Now, the business has
grown so much from these small be¬
ginnings that many orchardists have
tion for three or four feet around the trees
for two or three years do, so that crops
that need no cultivating can be grown
between the rows?
Ans. — I should if possible plow up
and cultivate a short time after peas
were off, and then seed heavily to
clover, one-third of seed Alsike and two-
thirds Medium or Mammoth. I would like
this better than to seed with the peas,
and if early peas were sown there would
be plenty of time to get the corn crop
in. I would not in future grow any
crop except a cover crop between trees.
With us apple growing is not given very
great attention, nothing as much as it
deserves, because grape growing is so
easy and profitable. Clover as above
noted and vetch is used in orchards
here ; both are very satisfactory. I
would hardly be able to choose between
the two. But do not try to grow crops
between trees. It never pays after the
first year. You may get something out
of it, but the trees have to pay for it.
Erie Co., Pa. a. i. loop.
Saves
Breakfast
Worry—
A package of
Post
T oasties
on the pantry shelf.
Served in a minute.
With cream or stewed fruit.
DELICIOUS!
SATISFYING!
“The Memory Lingers”
Postum Cereal Co., Ltd.,
Battle Creek, Mich.
- -
*'I Would Buy a NATIONAL’
Dress— If I Were You!”
"I have worn ’NATIONAL’ Dresses
for many years, ” writes one reader
of Rural New Yorker, “ and I find
them delightful. I never miss an
opportunity to say to all my friends,
' I would buy a ‘NATIONAL’ Dress,
if I were you. ’ ”
“If I were you, I would buy a
‘National’ Dress.” And, Madam, so
you would — if you knew the ideal we
keep before us — to put all possible pretti-
ness into each creation, to have each gown
a model of fashion, and to attain the utmost
in becomingness and beauty for YOU.
We never select a design without com
parison with dozens of other
designs — without placing side Copyright, 1911, by National Cloak and Suit Co.
by side the best models of New York and Paris to make
sure that each “National” Dress is finer, more beautiful,
more satisfactory, as well as incomparably more becoming
and stylish.
And what of “National” Waists, and Skirts, and Hats,
and all “National” Apparel for Women, Misses and
Children? Of every kind your “National” Style Book
shows you the most desirable and most stylish —
always the absolute best. It shows you
Waists . . 98 cents to $8.98
ladies’ Skirts, $3.98 to $14.98
lingerie Dresses$4.98 to $22.50
Silk Dresses, $11.98 to $29.98
Girls’ Dresses, $1.49 to S5.98
Misses’ Tailored Suits,
$9.98 to $17.98
Hats . . . $1.93 to $14.98
Muslin Underwear,
20 cents to $5.98
Petticoats, 59 cents to $7.98
Misses’ Wash Dresses
and Misses’ Tub Suits,
$2.98 to $9.98
And the wonderful new Made-to-Measure
Tailored Suits, prices $15 to $40. A liberal assort¬
ment of samples of the materials used for these
suits will be sent you free, if you state the colors
you prefer. Samples will be sent gladly, but only
wlu n asked for.
Your Style Book, the copy wo are now reserving
here for you toils you on page 90 “How and
Where the New Styles Originate.” pictures for you
four “ National” Dresses in their Paris Home,
shows you on page 69 the Paris Originals of
“ National” Dresses; page 75 is a page of won
derful dress values— four beautiful Lingerie Dresses
at $6.98 and $7.98.
It is the most wonderful, interesting and valu¬
able Style Book ever published— and one copy
is yours— is waiting for you to write for it now.
The “NATIONAL” Policy
The " NATIONAL” prepays expressage and
postage to all parts of the world.
You may return, at our expense, any
NATIONAL” Garment not satisfactory to
you, and we will refund your money.
National Cloak & Suit Co.
273 West 24th Street, New York City
Mail Orders Only. No Agents or Branches
CAHOON SEED
Saves buying expensive drills. Most
perfect broadcast sower for ail grain
and grass seed. Accurate, simple,
durable. Made of steel, iron and brass. Lasts a life time.
Saves time, saves seed and gives bigger crops •
Highest priced sower made, but pays for itself many times yearly. IT
your dealer cannot supply you, we will deliver the Cahoon to any
express office east of the Mississippi River on receipt of $4. Send for .
“Seed Sowers’ Manual;” tells howto produce bigger crops witfi
less seed. It’s Free.
GOODELL CO.. 14 Main St.. Antrim. New Hampshire.
Supreme
Quality
There are many kinds of quality. JOHNSTON 19 a
name recognized by farmers the world over as standing
for supreme quality in farm machinery. There arc no
“weak spots,” no second-grade materials, no careless work¬
manship in JOHNSTON machines. They represent the
most advanced development along modern lines, with
simplicity, strength and durability their accomplished
aim. They are famed for their ease of operation, low
cost of maintenance, and adaptability to all soil and
grain conditions. While they cost more to manufacture
than less carefully constructed machines, they cost the
farmer no more, and will give many more years of satisfactory service. Any JOHNSTON
user will tell you these machines are the best made and the most profitable to own.
CORN BINDER
Enables the farmer to harvest his crop easier, quicker and cheaper than with other
machines. It cuts and ties corn where other binders are even unable to start. Simply
constructed, light of draft, all levers convenient to operator. Will bind corn either
above or below the ears. Has more good exclusive features, is more reliable and
will give longer satisfactory service than any other binder.
THE JOHNSTON LINE includes Grain Binders, Reapers, Manure
Spreaders, Rakes, Spring and Spike Tooth Harrows, Side=Delivery
Rakes, Corn Binders, Mowers, Tedders, Hay Loaders, Disc and Orchard
Harrows, Land Rollers, etc.
If you are interested in buying farm machines of supreme quality,
send postal to-day for our new ion catalog. It will interest you. Or
state what tool you are interested in, and we will send booklet.
THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO. Box 100 C BATAVIA, N. Y.
380
THE RURAL NEW»YORKER
March 25.
STRAWBERRIES IN THE COLD COUNTRY.
8. S. C., Hardwick, Vt. — I have been
greatly interested in your articles on straw¬
berry growing, and have worked the thing
out for myself so I think I have fair pros¬
pect of success, if it were not for the late
Spring frosts. They tell me that on this
account strawberries are not so safe a crop
here as in sections farther south, but owing
to the fact that deep freezing of the ground
and deep snows retard the growth in Spring,
it seems to me that the time from begin¬
ning of growth until danger from frost is
past, may be no longer here than it is
farther south, so that the blooming season
here would he at as safe a time as it is
anywhere, but 1 have always lived here
and do not know anything about other
parts of the country.
Ans. — There is practically no danger
of killing strawberry plants by frost in
Vermont if one is willing to practice
the most approved methods of mulch¬
ing. E. H. Hallett, of Caledonia County,
has had remarkable success for a series
of years in growing strawberries. His
method of mulching is as follows: When
about six inches of snow has fallen and
Winter has begun to come on, he then
puts on quite a heavy mulch of straw or
coarse manure and allows this to stay
on all Winter and until late in the
Spring. This of course means that the
'strawberries will be frozen into the
ground and will be kept frozen all Win¬
ter long, and by allowing the mulch to
remain on until quite late in the Spring
the plants are not allowed to start until
all danger of late Spring frosts is past.
M. B. CUMMINGS,
Vt. Experiment Station.
FACTS ABOUT JAPAN PLUMS.
When the first Japan plums began to
produce fruit here there was a feeling that
many plums would be grown, and that they
could be sold very cheap at a profit. Now,
after 20 years or so of experience, the
price of plums is very low, but the mar¬
ket for them is very limited, and there is
no fruit of which a small surplus will so
thoroughly demoralize the market as this,
especially if poorly grown. As a well-
known Boston commission house puts it,
it was the only fruit they could not sell
at some price on a glutted market. Yet
some seasons a limited amount can be sold
at fair profits in our local markets, but
when peaenes are plenty and cheap the
market for these plums is quite limited , as
the fruit stands s-11 prartnaliy nothing ex¬
cept California fruit. The list of com¬
mercial varieties has changed little from
earlier years, but} some worthless ones
have been weeded out, and a few of some
value have been introduced.
First (Burbank). — Very early clingstone,
lightest pink, very juicy, not very good
quality, has ripened practically all at once
with me. A tree for home use or a very
f-w for a local market might pay, but
think it too soft for a shipping plum.
Rod .Tune. — By all odds the best early
plum we have raised, firm flesh and good
shipper and keeper.
Abundance. — This has proved one of our
standbys, one of the best in quality when
well grown and then sells well as an eating
plum.
Burbank. — This plum has done more to
demoralize the plum trade here than all
others; in unfavorable weather rots and
cracks and is often rushed upon the mar¬
ket when it gives little satisfaction to
buyers. I have not grown it for a num¬
ber of years.
Sliiro. — The only greenish white, or yel¬
low plum of the Japan class or hybrid I
have found of any value. Fairly good
quality, but the color prevents its selling
well in our markets, which prefer a darker
plum.
Chabot. — This has proved a commercial
plum of value, when well grown; a fine
canning plum, but lacks color when over¬
loaded with fruit.
Satsuma. — A fine selling plum, blood red
fleshed, but tree is short-lived and tender
here. Of some of the Burbank seedlings I
will mention Climax, early and one of the
largest in size; rots and cracks in wet
weather ; tree weak and short-lived.
Combination. — Tree tender and no value
here.
Sultan. — Satsuma type, a heavy bearer,
but tree weak and has proved unsatisfactory
here.
Hale. — Shy bearer and no value to us.
Wickson. — Upright grower, but tender on
tree; no good. One crop is generally the
limit, and sometimes not that ; fruit large
end handsome.
October Purple. — The best of the Bur¬
bank seedlings I have grown ; clingstone,
but a large juicy plum coming late in the
season, fairly good quality. I will not
mention some others which have proved
of little or no value, but must say as far
as my experience goes, the really valuable
commercial plums here would be Red June;
Abundance, Burbank, where it will not rot;
Chabot and October Purple, in a limited
way. H. O. MEAD.
Worcester Co., Mass.
SOME APPLES FOR OHIO.
I would like to know what the objec¬
tions are to the following varieties of ap¬
ples. I do not see them discussed. I am
thinking of setting a few of each for for
Cleveland market — Tetofsky, Colvert, Red
Beitlgheimer and Pewaukeo. I have set
out Duchess, Y'ellow Transparent and
Winesap. It seems as if this country
had plenty of Baldwins and nurserymen
seem to be short of them. Would (Tano,
Mammoth Black Twig and Arkansas Black
be as reliable growers and good bearers?
Norwalk, O. m. a. s.
Tetofsky, while possessing several points
of merit for an early apple, in inferior
to Yellow Transparent, which is nearly as
early and both larger and better in flavor.
Colvert is not very generally known in
Ohio, due, no doubt, to the fact that there
are other varieties of its season, which
are superior. It is not very good in
quality, drops badly and is not a good
keeper after picking. As the correspond¬
ent already has Yellow Transparent and
Duchess I should recommend that the season
be extended still further with Wealthy,
which is a splendid late Summer and early
Fall variety, bearing young. Wealthy is
prolific, of good quality for dessert or cook¬
ing and the fruit keeps well in cold stor¬
age until midwinter, if carefully picked and
stored. Red Beitigbeimer is very large
and is attractive because of its size and
peculiar light red color ; but is coarse in
flesh and poor in quality. Its great size
renders it salable to those who are attracted
by the unusual. The trees, on the writer’s
ground, are shy in bearing, and the great
apples drop badly. The Wolf River is
preferable to the Beitigbeimer because of
greater prolificacy, while its size is fully
as large and its color more attractive.
I should not plant many trees of either
variety. Pcwaukee is prolific, but dull in
color, drops badly before the crop is ready
to gather and is not generally a good
keeper. The inquirer would do well to
plant Baldwin, Jonathan and Grimes in
i orthern Ohio. Red Canada is rather suc-
i cssful in this latUude, ard is of good ap¬
pearance and flavor as is also the Balti¬
more. The fact that Baldwin tiees are
scarce in the nurseries is hardly sufficient
evidence that the planters are fully sup¬
plied. Really, on the contrary, it evi¬
dences that the demand is greater than
the supply. Mammoth Black Twig and
Arkansas Black are tardy and shy bear¬
ers in northern Ohio, and would prove un¬
profitable and disappointing. Gano is pre¬
ferable to Ben Davis — in name, if not in
other characteristics. It is practically a
smooth red instead of a striped Ben Davis.
Ben Davis is becoming harder and harder
to sell to those who are learning the dif¬
ference between high and low quality in
apples. At our recent National Corn Show
at Columbus, there was a booth at which
Washington State apples were sold for
eating. Black Ben Davis, Stayman Wine-
sap and Rome Beauty, were offered, each
variety being labeled with large card labels
bearing the name. For the first two or
three days the monstrous, attractive Black
Bens bore their proper label ; but evidently
they went slowly, for the label was soon
changed to “Washington Red Pippins.”
They doubtless sold better following this
questionable juggling of names, for the
proper label did not again appear during
the show. F. H. BALLOU.
CHANGE THE BEARING HABIT.
What can be done to apples like Bald¬
win to make them bear a crop every year?
Conditions vary so much in different
localities that it is pretty hard to give
any specific advice. I have an orchard
of mixed Baldwins and Greenings that
bear annually exceedingly good crops. For¬
merly they were very irregular in this
respect. I attribute this result to keeping
the trees in good vigorous growing con¬
dition and an ample supply of plant food
always at hand, particularly potash and
phosphoric acid. In my opinion, trees to
bear regularly here in the East should
have a certain application each year rather
than wait for crops before applying this
material. *1 consider potash in the form
of sulphate superior to that of muriate,
and phosphoric acid as supplied by basic
slag superior to acid phosphate, particu¬
larly as regards fruit trees. G. a. drew.
Connecticut.
That nature may be helped in some
ways goes without saying, but I cannot
believe that any set rule or practice could
be followed that would work out the re¬
sults sought. 1 fancy this question arises
largely among men who may universally
have light yields when they have any, be¬
cause of lax methods. I rarely hear any
complaint among practical orchard men
who have big yields of Baldwin and Green¬
ing every other year. They simply make
the best of what they get and coax the
trees up by proper methods to do the same
thing another year when they are ready.
1 once heard of a man who offered a re¬
cipe for a consideration that would work
out the results you refer to ; of course,
he simply had a gold brick for sale. We
have some trees that bear only every other
year, and have no thought of making any
experiment to change their habits.
New York. H. s. wilet.
In order to change habit of biennial
bearing of Baldwins and Greenings, would
plow after growth commenced, whether in
sod or otherwise ; prune rather severely,
give frequent cultivation until July 1, and
sow cover crop, fertilizing for only normal
tree growth. Practice severe hand thin¬
ning of first heavy crop, before August 1 ;
July 15 would be better in order to in¬
crease fruit buds following (light crop)
year. . E. w.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
Olympic Nature Nursery,
THE FOREST CONSERVATORY.
Oregon Grape, Rhododendron, Madrona, Huckle¬
berry, Ferns, Blackberry, Salal, Twin Flower,
Spirea, Trillium, Wild idly-of-the-Valley, Ever¬
greens and other Puget Sound Plants and Flowers.
Special Mail Collections — Ten plants for 50 cents;
24 for $1, postpaid in the United States. Money
back if not satisfied. Make money orders payable
to JOEL SllOMAKER, Neliita, Washington.
rREES W,SH FOR 98c
1 Roosevelt, 1 Bradshaw Plum, 1
Niagara Peach, 1 Bing, 1 Napo¬
leon, I Montmorency Cherry, 1
Baldwin, 1 McIntosh, 1 King
Apple, 1 Orange Quince, 1 Bartlett,
1 Seckel Pear. All first class trees,
2 yr., 4 ft. high for 98c. Everybody
write for free illustrated catalogue.
Wells, Box 13 Dansvilh, N„ Y.
PLANT HARDY TREES
Healthy, acclimated, high grade, true to label fruit trees
and plants forh’orthern States at wholesale prices, direct
from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.
^EURl^lUMjURSERIES^ES^JQuMszn^rc^
12 FRUIT
Maloney Bros. &
House Drainage.
On page 207 G. W. D. asks about house
drainage, and speaks about a system some
one describrd previously. At that time I
was just finishing a new house, and I
followed up his plan, making a settling
pool three by four feet, four feet deep, and
cementing and then a cesspool 15 or 20
feet from the settling pool ; the cesspool
eight feet deep with dry wall, then arch
over ; then four-inch pipe running from
both rooms to settling pool with elbow let¬
ting the water in below the surface of the
water. An elbow takes the water out be¬
low the top of the water, then running in
to cesspool and it works all right.
REASONS WHY
BLANCHARD’S
BRAND”
Spraying\fSFylVlateriais
ARE THE BEST
REP A IKE Blanchard is the OLDEST manufacturer of
DlUAUOL agricultural sprays in the world.
REPAIKE Blanchard is the LARGEST manufacturer of
DlUAUOL agricultural sprays in the world.
REPAIKE li*nnrl,ar,i the only firm whose exclusive bus-
DLuMUoL mess is manufacturing sprays and insecticides.
H T p A ||Q C Blanchard is the only manufacturer of a COM-
DlUAUOL PLETE LINE ol agricultural sprays.
REP A IICE Blanchard’s are the most PERFECTLY
DLUAUOL EQUIPPED factories in the world.
REP A IKE Blanchard usee his own improved processes
DlUAUOL and makes nothing hut insecticides and sprays,
SOME BLANCHARD PRODUCTS
LION BRANO Lime-Sulphur LION BRAND Kerosene
Solution Emulsion
LION BRAND Bordeaux Mixture LION BRAND Whale Oil Soap
LION BRAND Pure Paris Green LION BRAND Insect Powder
LION BRAND Arsenate of Lead LION BRAND Powdered Tobacco
Even' successful grower knows he must spray to have
an orchard constantly increasing in value and earning
capacity.
ft’s simply a question whose spraying materials to use.
Tliose who know will have done hut HI. A NCH ARD’S
I. ION VRANI). because of their scientific, formulas,
perfection in manufacture, and dependable uniformity
in quality and effectiveness. Huy from your local dealer
or write to us and refuse to allow any one to substitute
any other brand.
LION BRANO PRODUCTS ARE GUARANTEED UNDER THE
INSECTICIDE ACT OF 1910 BY
THE JAMES A. BLANCHARD CO.,
524 Hudson Terminal, 111 Broad St.,
New York St. Joseph, Mich.
FRFF RfHlKI FT “When, How and Why to Spray,” >«
i m-1 pool'll. I filled with interesting and valuable spraying
information. Semi your addtesR tor a Fuse Copy.
WOOD’S HIGH-GRADE
Farm Seeds.
We are headquarters for
the best in all Farm seeds.
Grass and Clover Seeds
Seed Corn, Cotton Seed,
Cow Peas, Soja Beans,
gSorgTiums, Kaffir Corn, ^
Millet Seed, Peanuts, etc. q
''Wood’s Crop issued
Special” monthly
gives timely information as to
seeds to plant each month in
the year, also prices of Season¬
able Seeds. Write for copy,
mailed free on request.
Fresh Dug’ Nursery Stock.
A complete assortment of the finest Genesee Valley
Grown Fruit Trees, etc. Stock guaranteed, prices
rightca&fe°r free L w- HALL & CO., Rochester, N.Y.
SALESMEN WANTED
TO SELL TREES AND PLANTS
Free outfit. Commis¬
sion paid weekly. Write
for terms. PERRY NURS¬
ERIES, Rochester, N. Y,
— 150 ACKKS. Genesee Valley
grown. “Not the cheapest, but
the best.’’ Never have had San
Jose Seale. Established 1869.
TATAinr VRVX7 GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
CATALOG FREE 20 Maple St.. Dansville, N. Y.
CATALPA spte»ce'e"ss*
Mine are true to name. Write for Free booklet which tells
all about the iso acres I am growing for telephone poles.
H. C. ROGERS, Box 11, Mechanicsburg, Ohio.
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS JSs
Apples ... $15.00 per IOC)
Peaches ... $8.00 per lOO
Cherries ... $10.00 per lOO
Strictly First-Class Stock, Government In¬
spected. Write today for our free cat alogue
on Fruits and Orni'nientals, and buy riireet
from tin- growers. Our trees are grown in that
great nurserv belt of Ontario County.
ONTARIO NURSERY CO., Inc.
GENEVA, N. Y. Box No. 21
PLANT $1.00 soc"!^
and get one of these collections:
10 Cherry Trees _ or 10 Pear Trees
10 Pluto Trees - or III Peach Trees
12 (Snipe Vines or 50 Berry Bushes
5 liose Bushes . or 5 Shrubs
McKay's Catalogue Free
W. L. McKAY, Geneva, N. Y. Box R
Pomeroy Hardy English WALNUT TREES
Free Illustrated Booklet
ENGLISH WALNUT FARM
I), N. POMEltY, LOCKPOliT. N. Y.
EVERGREENS.
Largest stock in
America, Including
Colorado Blue Spruce
and Douglas Spruce
of Colorado.
Also Ornamental
Shade and Forest
Trees.
R. DOUGLAS’ SONS
Waukegan, III.
BOO Varieties. Also Grapes, Small Fruits, etv. Best
rooted stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sa-mpte currants mailed for 10c.
Catalog free. LEWIS KOKSCHA SON, Box h ,Fredonla, N. F,
RAPEVINE
Large stock. Best varieties. Best Grade.
Guaranteed true.
SPECIAL OFFER.
We will send, postpaid, 10 strong, hardy, two-
year-old Git APK VINES— best varieties, red,
wliite and black — for $1 .00. Just the kind
for planting around the house, along fences, or
in the garden. W e also offer Five Three-Year-
Old vines For SI.OO. Will bear year after
L planting. Our valuable book, how to plant
and prune, free with every order. Mention
tills paper and we'll add free one new,
large, red currant.
T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY
Grapevina Spacialista
^350 Central Ave.,Krcdonla,N.Y.
Established 11 years.
CABBAGE SEED
New Enkhuizen Glory (the world’s best cab¬
bage) : extra selected seed, my own importa¬
tion. direct from Introducers in Holland, of
this truly wonderful Cabbage, Lb. $2.60, Oz.,
36 cts., I'kt., 10 Cts. K. J. Wakefield, All
Head Kurly. Early Summer, Succession,
Winnigstadt, Surehead. Late Flat Hutch,
Drumhead, Lb. $1.50, Oz. 20 cts., Pkt. 5 cts.
Postpaid. Write for free Catalog.
J. AUG. DRAKE, Seedsman. 1(0 Main St. Chester, N. J.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
3£»1
$1,000 FOR
LETTERS
on “HOW FARMERS CAN MAKE MONEY
WITH GASOLINE ENGINES”
Write to Fuller & Johnson Mfg . Co. for Full Details — NOW l
Farmers all over this country are just beginning to wake up to the tremendous
money-making possibilities of high-grade gasoline engines, yet not one farmer in a hundred fully realizes the importance
and money •'value of these aids to successful and more profitable farming, when applied to his own work on his own farm.
Good gasoline engines are mechanical marvels which mean immensely increased farm production, multiplied farm profits, a higher standard of living
and vast savings in labor and wages.
We are offering $1,000 in cash prizes in order to get together the best ideas of practical farmers and farmers’ sons on “How Farmers Can Make
Money With Gasoline Engines.” Our object is threefold:
First: To stimulate widespread interest in the subject of the profitable use of gasoline engines.
Second: To widen the field for gasoline engines by learning of every possible use to which they are and can be applied.
Third : To familiarize farmers everywhere with the merits of Fuller & Johnson Double Efficiency
Engines, the most successful agricultural engines ever designed or built. We are willing to pay big
money for new and useful ideas.
The Most Intensely, Vitally Interesting
Subject Ref ore the Modern Farmer
Your letter may be the one to win the Grand Prize. Don’t you think $300 in cash is pretty good pay for merely
writing a letter ?
- And there are sixty-one cash prizes in all, making a grand total of ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS which we
are. going to distribute to those who write the sixty-one best letters on this fascinating and important subject. The
eminent men who have consented to act as judges insure absolute fairness to every contestant.
Whether or not your letter wins a prize, it will be worth a great deal of money to you to thoroughly investigate
this great question. You will be astonished to find how the gasoline engine opens up a new world of possibilities.
You will find all about your opportunities for more profit which had been entirely overlooked.
Costs Nothing to Enter the Contest !
There are absolutely no restrictions as to who may take part in this contest except that contestants must be farmers
or the sons of farmers working on the farm. What we want is IDEAS, expressed in your own way — without regard to
literary style. You need not be an engine owner. The facts you give may be based on observation or experience.
We want ideas that arc practical and valuable. It makes no difference what engine you have studied or worked
with in gaining the information. It costs you nothing to try— and we urge you to “get in the game.”
A Nation-Wide Educational Campaign on the Money-Making Possibilities of Gasoline Engines
GRAND TOTAL - $1,000
Any farmer or farmer’s son working on the
farm can compete for these splendid prizes. No
expense or obligation incurred. Not necessary
to be an engine owner to enter the contest. Ideas
arc what count, not literary style or grammatical
correctness. Write just as you would talk, in
everyday language. Letters must contain at
least soo words, and not to exceed 1,000 words.
JUDGES
We are pleased to announce that the editors of
leading agricultural papers have accepted appoint¬
ment as judges of all letters sent us. This guaran¬
tees every contestant that the letters submitted
will be judged Strictly on their practical value
and without any favor being shown any person.
The contest closes May ist, the time having
been extended at the urgent request of many busy
farmers. Write at once for Special Circular giving
full details of the great $1,000 Cashl’rize Offers.
$1,000
Cash Prizes
for Letters on
“How Farmers Can
Make Money With
Gasoline Engines”
Grand Prize - - - - $300
Second Prize - - - - 200
Third Prize . 100
Fourth Prize - - - - 75
Fifth Prize . 50
Sixth Prize . 25
Ten Prizes, $i0 each - - 100
Twenty Prizes, $5 each - loo gj Every Farmer Ought to Own a “FULLER & JOHNSON”
Twent»-five Prizes, $2 each, 50 m Let Us Tell You How to Get One at Lowest Price Possible
We have started this far reaching educational campaign for the
benefit of the farmers and the entire gasoline engine industry.
It will focus the attention of the agricultural world on the value
of engines as labor-savers and wealth producers. Tt will uncover
countless unusual uses to which engines may be applied and prove
of tremendous benefit to the farmers of this country.
FULLER & JOHNSON
Double - Efficiency
FARM ENGINES
Fuller & Johnson Farm Engines arc famous for Double-Effi¬
ciency. The value per dollar being the greatest offered by any
engine concern, makes our prices extremely low, and the value of
our product correspondingly high. Our business was established
in 1840. The great engine works of Fuller & Johnson have the
most up-to-date and complete engine building equipment in the
United States.
They are manned by experts whose training and skill are un¬
equalled in the engine industry. Our engines have won the foremost
place in^the favor of power users. The man who owns a “Fuller &
Johnson ’ has the best that money can buy.
Write us and we will tell you how to get a “Fuller & Johnson”
from our nearest dealer at surprisingly low cost, quality considered,
carrying with it the broad and liberal guarantee of the maker.
Fuller & Johnson Engines Absolutely Unexcelled
Fuller
We
cannot
& Johnson” the O.Nl.Y engine for farm use,
its high efficiency and matchless simplicity; its “frost-proof,”
engines.
“dust-proof,” “trouble-proof” features have made it supreme among farm
Send Coupon for Free Engine Books and $1,000 Prize Offer I
The coupon or a letter or postal card brings full particulars of the big $1,000 letter-writing contest
Get in line for a big cash prize 1
and our valuable Engine Books.
You can’t spend a little time to better advantage than in looking into this subject, ‘‘How Farmers Can Make Money With Gasoline
Engines.”
whether you are ready to buy an engine or not, get posted on Fuller&JohnsonDouble- Efficiency Engines
NOW. If you haven’t y it sent for the catalog of our wonderful little Farm Pump Engine, askfor a free
copy today. Somebody is going to pick up every ono of the cash prizes — irhy not be one of the winners 7
*
♦
*
392
THE RCJR.A.I* NEW-YORKER
March 25,
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
200 Bushels of Strawberries
From a Single Acre*
One of our patrons made this record -with
plants bought of us. Just a«k a commission
man what this quantity of fruit would have .
brought the grower any year lately, and
you’ll see that there's money in berries.
Knight’s Free Book
on Small Fruit
Tells the best Strawberries, Rasp¬
berries, Blackberries, Dewberries,
Gooseberries, Currants, etc., and just
how to grow them. Knight's plants
have a national reputation for superior
quality and high vigor. Send today^
for free copy of our catalogue.
David Knight
& Son
Box 56 Sawyer, Mich.
AUT.TFATIIER
STANDARD QT. BASKET and CRATES
ARE WHAT YOU WANT
Special prices for March orders.
Catalogue Free. Address
H. H. AULTFATHER, Minerva. Ohio.
Strawberry Plants Descriptive Catalogue
Free. BA81I. PERRY. D. 18, Cool Spring, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— Guaranteed true to name. Illust.
Catalog free. G. E. BUNTING, Selbyville, Del.
rnn oil r -50.000 Strawberry, 20,000 Lucretia
rUn OnLX Dewberry, 20,000 Grapevines. Send
for pricelist. JOHN CASAZZA. Vineland, N, J.
Cuthbert Raspberry, Eldorado Blackberry,
Wineberry, Barrs Mammoth, and Giant
Argenteuil Asparagus, Privet, etc.
Prices and plants will satisfy.
H. II. CORSON <fe SON, Avondale, Pa.
MILLIONS OF FLOWERING
and Decorating Plants of all kinds, including Early
and Late Vegetable Plants in abundance, for Flor¬
ists. Landscape Gardeners, Parks, Institutions,
etc., at wholesale prices. Send for lists.
ALONZO J, BRYAN, Wholesale Florist, Washington, N. J.
OLYMPIC NATURE NURSERY
Rhododendrons, Madronas, Oregon Grapes, Huckle¬
berries and other wild shrubs, plants and flowers.
By mail, 10 for 50 cents, 24 for SI. 00, postpaid.
Money back if not satisfied.
JOEL SHOMAKFR, Nellita, Washington.
0 II |fl Li CCCn — Home grown YellowGlobe, $1.25 lb.
UNIUN GLLU postpaid; 5 lbs. by express, $5.50.
J. B. QUIRK, North Madison, Ohio.
CM! Q A I C— Cow Peas, $2.50 to $3.00 bushel;
itJH OALL Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel:
Black-Eyed Peas, $3.00 bushel.
JOSEPH K. HOLLAND . . Milford. Del.
Qu/oot Pntatn Plante only $2.00 per 1000, special
OnCCi lUldlU r I Q II lb prices 011 5000 lots, Price
Jinc
5 SON, Hartly, Del.
CHD C A I C— CHOICE SEED POTATOES free from
■ Un OALX blight or rot; have been planted
beside of many kinds for the past two years; have
out yielded them all. Price 60c per bu.; in lots of
ten bu., 55c; bags free. J. 0. GRAVES, Prattsburg, N. Y.
FOR SALE-BALED HAY'3"Kms“1',1,,-i
alfalfa and timothy;
alsike. Fine quality.
30 tons mixed timothy and
A. C. PHILLIPS. Onondaga, N.Y.
50,000 ASPARAGUS PLANTS
Grown from seed saved from most profitable field
in Middle Delaware. Owing to press of other work
cannot use them. Offer for sale at $2.00 per M.
S. H. DERBY & CO. . . Woodside, Del.
INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL
75 cents per hundred, $10.00 per ton. F. O. B. Ash-
ville, Pa. Send for FREE booklet “ How to Grow
Alfalfa.” Dr. H. SOMERVILLE. Chest Springs,
Cambria County, Pa.
ALFALFA
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which we invite you to get Government tests.
This seed should produce hay at $60 per acre
annually. Free instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of strongest vitality. We
handle export grade only and can furnish grass mix¬
ture suitable for any soils.
best Boll restorer
known, an excellent
preparation for Al¬
falfa. We have purchased large stocks of choice
seed at so reasonable a price that we can retail at
ordinary wholesalers’ prices. Write for free catalog.
THE WING SEED COMPANY
BOX 723 MECHANICSBURG, OHIO.
KT STRONGEST
r ELiwLtrgL MADE. Buii-
strong chick¬
en-tight Sold to the user at Wholesale
Prleea. We Pay Freight. Catalogue free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,'
Box 2 63 Winchester, Indiana.
AGENTS 100% PROFIT
IN ONE
Most perfect and valuable Com¬
bination of tools ever invented. Sells
at sight to Fanners, Plumbers,
Machinists, Automobile Owners, in stores and the homo.
Made of Drop Forged high grade carlion steel. One agent in
Essex County, N. V., after a 6 days’ canvass ordered 100 tools.
His profit $100.00. Big snap for agents. Sample free to workers.
T. THOMAS MFG. CO., 2865 Wayne St, Daytca, Ohio
THOSE BIG WALNUT TREES.
Several readers have sent us the fol¬
lowing extract from Boston papers :
If Luther Burbank, sometimes called
“the California Wizard,” can produce a
Black walnut tree in 16 years that will
stand 100 feet high, with a spread of more
than 50 feet, and a breast-high diameter of
three feet, there is thought to be little fear
that there will be a famine in' that class of
timber. There is thought to be no doubt
that Mr. Burbank has actually accom¬
plished this marvelous feat, for in his il¬
lustrated lecture before the Appalachian
Mountain Club, in Huntington Ilall, last
night, Herbert W. Gleason not only assured
his audience that this was a fact, but
showed them pictures of these trees and
specimens of the lumber sawed from their
trunks.
There is some basis to this story of
big Burbank walnut trees, but the rate
of exaggeration is probably not less than
60 per cent. There are many hybrid
walnut trees in California, most of them
the result of natural agencies, and with
scarcely an exception they are very rapid
growers if standing in good soil. It is
quite possible that hybrids between the
Eastern and California Black walnuts,
such as Burbank’s are said to be, have
grown 50 or more feet in 16 years, but
100 feet is beyond all reason. Mr. Bur¬
bank is an excellent cultivator, and gets
all that is possible out of his plants, but
the published stories are usually made
larger than the realities. Most of the
fast-growing hybrid walnuts are in¬
fertile, and can only be propagated by
grafting, which greatly lessens their
value as shade and prospective timber
trees. Walnuts are wind-pollinated, and
as seedlings are extensively grown for
stocks and ornamental plantings, It is
not at all unusual to run across hybrids
either between the two black species,
Juglans nigra and J. Californica, or be¬
tween the latter and the Persian edible
walnut, J. regia. They are always prized
for their strong growth and handsome
foliage, but rarely have value as nut
bearers. It will be a long day before
the approaching timber scarcity is re¬
lieved by growing hybrid walnuts.
Manure Substitute for Hotbeds. .
M. E. L., Centre Belpre, O. — Is there any
substitute for horse manure that can be
used in making hotbeds? If there is, what
is it, and is it just as good as the horse
manure?
Ans. — We do not know of anything
equal to manure. Horse manure is best,
but sheep or poultry manure mixed with
cut straw will do. We have heard of
silage hot from a silo and badly de¬
cayed being used. It is sometimes pos¬
sible to get considerable heat out of
wet straw mixed with lime, but nothing
quite equals horse manure.
A $30,000 Apple.
J. A. M., Colorado. — On page 58 of the
“Youth’s Companion” of February 2, is an
item of a new apple in Washington for
which the nursery company has refused
$30,000. What are its great merits mak¬
ing it so valuable?
Ans. — I have also read this item about
“An Apple Tree Worth $30,000,” and
while it may be true that a nursery in
Washington “has recently refused that
sum” for one, so the statement goes, I
do not think any new variety is worth
that much and I seriously doubt if the
above is true. There is likely some mis¬
take about it. I do not know what va¬
riety is referred to, but I do know a
variety that is called Chelan that was
said to be an accidental seedling by a
certain Indian named Charley Wapato,
and that a few persons have made quite
a stir about. If this is the variety (for
the item referred to goes on to say that
the original tree was grown by an In¬
dian), it is not worth $30, in my opin¬
ion, much less $30,000. The Chelan is a
fairly good apple of something the
same character as Ortley, but is not
equal to it in color or flavor; for the
latter is a clearer yellow, much more
handsome and decidedly better in qual¬
ity. Their seasons of ripening are about
the same, which is early to midwinter,
although the Chelan is a little later. I
am glad that no nursery is getting a
boom for this writing on a variety that
may not be very valuable. We should
be glad to help along any really superior
new fruit, but the greatest caution should
be used in putting forward any and all
varieties. h. e. van deman.
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers ; they enrich the earth and
.hose who till it.” — Adv.
if foe has a
KR/VU5p,vosclxk^CILT1VAT0RJ
He simplysteers it — the machine does ALL the work. A slight
pressure of the foot moves the wheels and shovels simultaneously
to the right or left at the will of the driver, while the width between
gangs and depth of shovels are instantly and easily
adjusted while machine is in motion
Hillsides, Uneven Land and Crooked Rows
as Easily Cultivated as Level Ground.
Simple in construction — nothing to get out of order. Made
entirely of steel and malleable iron — every part interchangeable.
Builtfor wearand work. Ligbtdraft. High or low wheels or Pivot-
gang. Also Clipper Hammock Seat. C]f There is just one Kraus —
if you dealer does not have it accept no other — but write us. Send
to-day for free catalog.
V AKRON CULTIVATOR CO., Dept. 313, Akron, Ohio
“The DAMNING OF JONES.”
The Implement Trust says-” Damn JONES and out of business
with him” because he Is the only man who dares to sell you a
warranted-take-it-home-and-try-it-before-buyingrBcale of any size
or kind at the dealers price. Money talks and vour money Is as
good as any dealers’ and your credit better. Send for my oner and
their reason for “damning Jones.”
“JONES He Pays the Freight.”
30 Nay St., BINGHAMTON, N. ¥.
FARMOGERM
High-Bred Nitrogen Gathering Bacteria
Increases Crops and Makes Poor Soil Good Soil
You will surely plant some of the crops known as legumes, such a s g Arden and field
peas and beans, alfalfa, all the clovers, alsike, vetch, etc. With all these crops >ou may
use Farmogerm. And that will mean not only a bumper crop this year, but soil so ricn
in nitrates that it will produce several big yields of any crop without "ltiogen
tilizer being needed. Because Farmogerm inoculates the soii with nitrogen-gathertng
bacteria of strong vitality, specially bred up to a high state of nitrogen -fixing power.
They increase rapidly in the soil and plant roots, by the millions .and draw u nitrogen
from the air. feeding it to the growing crop and storing it in the soil for future crops.
Farmogerm will cut your fertilizer bills in
half. A trial will prove our claims. It is no
experiment. Let us send you letters from those
who have used it and know. High authorities
recommend it. It is guaranteed to be right.
It is Ready For Use. Just mix with water and
moisten seed or spray over soil or young plants.
It insures larger yield, greater food value, earl¬
ier maturity. When ordering, state what crop
you want to test.
Acre Size, $2.00 — Garden Size, 50c.
Why spend money for expensive nitrate fer¬
tilizers and for spreading when you can put
more nitrates in your soil than crops can use
in several seasons at the low cost of $2.00 an
acre and practically no extra work.
WRITE TODAY FOR BOOK. T You have
nothing to lose and perhaps hundreds of dollars
to gain through a better and more economical
method of fertilizing. This is the most wonder¬
ful development of modern scientific farming.
Investigate — that’s all we ask
EARP-THOMAS FARMOGERM CO. I
Bloomfield , N. J. I
Better Than
Nitrate of
Soda
at fraction of cost
and labor. Accord¬
ing to Government
figures, a crop well
inoculated with
nitrogen- gathering
bacteria will leave
in the soil, for
future crops, an
amount of availa¬
ble nitrogen equal
to from 800 to 1,000
lbs. of nitrate of
soda. Yet the soda
would cost you
$20.00. The Bac¬
teria will cost you
$2.00. Which for
you ?
Ricker Ha y Carrier-
SAVES LABOR AND LASTS A LIFETIME
One season’s labor saved, pavs Its cost. Adapted for barn or stack, with fork or
sling. Easy draft,* no binding on track, and holds the load at any point, ihe
result of 40 years’ experience — therefore it can’t be excelled. Many dilTerent
styles for every requirement.
SENT ON EXAMINATION AND APPROVAL
Wc are specialists in labor-saving devices for the barn. Send for our booklet, show¬
ing hay and litter carriers, hay forks and slings, stanchions, etc. Agents wanted for
barn specialties.
THE RICKER MFG. CO., 250 No. Water Street, Rochester,
STRAWBERRY PLANTS.
Seven of the very best varieties out of a hundred:
they have stood the test, we have them pure and
our prices are right.
Also, have a few more of our selected New Stone
Tomato Seed at $1.00 per lb., as long as they last.
Don’t forget to get our 1011 Catalogue of all kinds
of vegetable plants in their season. We have a
fine lot of Asparagus Roots to offer this spring—
the finest we have ever had.
ROMANCE SEED, PLANT AND TRUCK FARM,
Caleb Boggs & Son, Cheswotd, Delaware.
HIGH GRADE STRAWBERRY PLANTS
V5 rite for list and prices.
J. BI5T8CHEU . . . Canal Dover, Ohio.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS- New and old varieties. Send
for new Illus. Catalogue for 19ii. Priees from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Del.
Our free book quotes
lowest priees, honestly
describes 00 varieties,
explains C. O. D. plan,
tells how to plant and grow strawberries, rasp¬
berries, blackberries, grapes, etc.
A. G. BLOUNT, Dept. A, Hastings, N. Y.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
PLANTS
Express prepaid.
H1LLCREST FRUIT FARM
Send for catalogue.
. . Washington, Indiana
WHOLESALE PRICES
On Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry, Goos
Currant, Asparagus and Grape Plants, Heavy
High Grade Stock. 19th Annual Catalogue
A, R. WESTON & CO, R. 8
ooseberry.
Rooted.
Catalogue Free.
BrMgouut Mich,
5,000 QUARTS OF
STRAWBERRIES
in September and October
from one acre by planting
Kevitt’s New Fall-Bearing
Plants. This I guarantee or
I will return your money
paid for plants. Send for my
catalogue. Over five new
fall-bearing varieties.
T. C. KEVin, ATHENIA, N. J.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That’s what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. D. M. TEETER, Belleville, Ohio.
KTUAWItEK It Y Plants. Semi for free catalog. Large
stock Miller, best red raspberry, only $5 per 1000. Also,
eggs for hatching. Pure W. IV v. and B. P. It., 26 eggs
for $1.25. Slayjiakkr & Son, AVyoming, Del.
STRAWBERRY AND Leading varieties.
RASPBERRY PLANTS -
_ ig varieties. Catalog free.
BERTBAKER, Hoosick Palls, N. Y.
S
TRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1.50 & $1.75 per 1000. IUus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIRDIN, Hanly, Del.
ISPARAGUS
I00TS.
Six varieties of healthy, thrifty one and two-year-old roots.
Also, full line Fruit Trees, Ornamental, Strawberry Plants, Vines,
California Privet, Garden Tools, Spraying Outfits, etc.
Write for catalog and valuable Spraying Chart. It’s FREE.
ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box K, Moorestown, N. J.
1911
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
393
“RENOVATING LAND.”
On page 232 A. W. G. asks about
using rye as green manure in renovat¬
ing a very poor piece of land, and says
he put on $2 worth of fertilizer per acre
to start with. I have renovated a piece
of very good land something along his
lines, only as my land was a little sour
I used about a ton of wood ashes to the
acre on the crop that was turned under,
and let the second crop ripen and cut it
with a reaper. I plowed as soon as the
rye was off and then put 15 loads of
horse manure on to the acre, harrowed
six to eight times with a tongueless disk,
and then sowed 500 pounds to the acre
of a bone and potash mixture that runs
about 3-18-13, and then harrowed about
six times over with a common square
harrow. Then I bushed it over once and
sowed 20 quarts of Timothy seed to the
acre, bushed it over twice more, once
each way, and called it renovated. Of
course it took some time, and the ashes
and other fertilizer cost me more than
$2 per acre, but the grass got a big
growth before Winter came, and it will
cut good crops of good hay for years.-
I would like to mention also that we
blasted out about 30 rocks and put a
ditch through it. I hope A. W. G. will
not have to do all I did, but he will
make a mistake if he depends on green
rye alone, or with $2 worth of fertilizer
per acre, for that will give him very
little plant food, but. if he uses the rye
to make humus and adds stable manure
or other fertilizer liberally with an eye
to the future the future will reward
him. will w. CLARKE.
Connecticut.
A Guarantee for Trees.
It is now a well-known fact that most
of the Catalpa trees that have been and
are now being sold for Catalpa speciosa
are some of the worthless varieties. I
receive letters every week from men who
have bought Catalpa trees from tree
peddlers, and who of course have signed
the ordinary nurseryman’s order blank
agreeing to take the trees. This blank
generally has a guarantee to replace all
trees that prove not true to name, but
sometimes lias no guarantee at all. After
the farmer signs for the trees he learns
of the great danger he is in of getting
the worthless kinds of Catalpa. The
matter of planting and caring for worth¬
less trees three or four years is serious,
and the guarantee is not adequate at all
to cover the loss incurred in case the
trees are of the worthless kinds. Can
a man who has signed an order after¬
ward demand a guarantee of say, five
times the purchase price, or enough to
somewhere nearly recompense him for
loss of land and labor, and if the nursery
selling the trees refuses to give such
guarantee, can the farmer legally refuse
to accept the trees or pay for them?
H. C. ROGERS.
R. N.-Y. — We do not see how a buyer
after having signed a contract can legal¬
ly demand an additional guarantee un¬
less he could show that fraud had been
had the Alfalfa started than the weeds
began to come. There was red-root, pig¬
weed, ragweed and nearly every other
kind of weed that, will grow on a clay soil.
In August, there was Alfalfa on the rich¬
est side of the field that measured 22 inches,
and weeds nearly twice as high. . Of course,
this had to be clipped, so it was mowed
the early _part of September with machine
tilted as high as possible. It did not start
much after this, but looked good when
snow came. To be sure it is too early to
tell whether this piece will be a success
or not. but we wish to avoid the weeds
next time. They have always been our
stumbling block. We have another field
that was in clover in 1909. It was mown
twice. There was some Alfalfa seed mixed
with the clover when sown, and it showed
quite plainly at the second cutting. This
clover sod was plowed under in March,
1910. A light dressing of manure was ap¬
plied, and about 300 pounds of 14 per cent,
acid phosphate to the acre. This was well
harrowed in and it was planted to flint
corn in hills three feet each way. The
field contains about three acres, and we
husked out over 350 bushels of ears. This
field will be sown to oats and peas this
Spring, with another application of acid
phosphate, the oats and peas to be cut
green. Here is my proposition. Leave a
portion of this field unseeded and immedi¬
ately after the oats and peas are off plow,
put on a dressing of manure, harrow thor¬
oughly and seed to Alfalfa. I don't think
the weeds would bother any then. Would
you advise putting on the manure? Also,
would you use any fertilizer at this time? I
shall apply the litmus test and use lime
if necessary. Would you advise using the
lime before the oats and peas are sown,
or when seeding to Alfalfa? We can use
soil from the other field, or get it from the
experiment station if that proves to be a
failure.
Ans. — We should have clipped that
first field several times through the
Summer — starting before the weeds
grew 10 inches high. With this re¬
peated clipping the Alfalfa would have
had a better chance. Your plan for this
year is a good one. We should spread
the manure on the oats and pea stubble
and plow it under. In order to be sure
we should use about 300 pounds of a
mixture of acid phosphate and potash,
for Alfalfa will repay the best care and
fair expense. If the lime is needed on
that soil we should use it at the time
of seeding to oats and peas.
An Experiment with Land.
I was much interested in J. B. W.’s re¬
ply to Mr. Hunt, on page 154. Now J.
B. W. would have us suppose that every
pound of plant food taken from the soil
must be put back In order to hold the
vitality of the soil. If this is true, then
it would seem that the office of Nature is
to manufacture and not to produce. I
am only a “back to the farm” man, with
limited experience, and not much knowledge
of agriculture, and while I do not think
that nature will produce juicy fruit out
of stone, I believe she will do her share
If met half way. For my own satisfac¬
tion I am going to disprove J. B. W.’s the¬
ory. I have one-half acre of sod (fair),
which I am going to plow up and plant
with potatoes, using 200 pounds of a fair
grade of potato manure (400 pounds per
acre) ; as soon as I get the crop off will
sow to rye, to be turned under the fol¬
lowing Spring, when the ground will again
be planted with potatoes, using 200 pounds
of fertilizer. Next year ditto, and so on.
I expect every year to see a larger crop
of potatoes and a smaller crop of weeds,
and to see the soil increase in fertility. (?)
Schoharie, N. Y. a. j. h.
We Do More Than Guarantee
This Great Farmers Motor Car To You
SO wonderful is the great value in the Abbott-Detroit, so firmly are we
convinced of its ability to outlive the toughest conditions, so complete is
our belief that no other car in the world is so well suited to the farmer
because of type, strength and price, that we are willing to outdo all others in
protecting our owners, in spending thousands of dollars, that others keep as profits, for giving
regular instruction and maintenance service to all who purchase the Abbott-Detroit.
When you get your Abbott-Detroit you will not only have the best motor car in the
world at the price but you will have behind you a great organization of experts whose idea
is permanence and not immediate profit and who will see to it that your Abbott-Detroit is in
first-class condition all the time.
This Remarkable “Pedigreed’*
Abbot- Detroit
Really Does Not Need A Guarantee It’s So Strong
Every Abbott-Detroit turned out of our fac¬
tory is so perfect, so absolutely a unit in con¬
struction and so powerful right down to the last
nut and screw that you can drive it over the
worst roads and it will never give a sign of any¬
thing but magnificent balance and standardiza¬
tion. That’s why you have hardly any repair
charges and the cost of running this car is way
down to bed rock. It is easy to operate, easy to
keep in good running condition, easy to keep
looking like a brand new car. It requires little
money and little attention for anything.
There are many other cars listed at $1500 but
by the time you have paid for all the extras you
have expended up to $2000. The Abbott-Detroit
at $1500 includes everything but top and wind¬
shield. It includes a complete electric light
equipment of two electric headlights and com¬
bination electric and oil side and rear lamps
and Bosch High Tension or Splitdorf dual igni¬
tion system.
Continually bear in mind that the Abbott-
Detroit has many features heretofore found only
in motor cars selling up to $-1000.
Write for the Book of the Abbott-Detroit in
which we tell you everything about the car and
what we do for you after you buy it. Let us give
you a letter of iutroductiou to your local dealer
so that you can see the car itself. Drop us a
postal now before our supply of books runs out.
Abbott Motor Co*,
126 Waterloo St., Detroit, Mich.
DISTRIBUTORS :|George L^Reiss, 1776 Broatlw^-, N. Y. City; .1. II. Wright, 28 Market
St.. Auburn, N.
T. J. " ‘
N.Y
Vulmrn, N. Y. ; Burdick & Hartwell, Troy,
Northway, 92 Exchange St., Rochester, N.Y. ;
; IT. II.. Roberts & Son, Elmira, N.Y. ; W. E. Plq
N. Y. ; Bison Motor Co., Buffalo, N.Y.,
E. J. Montlgny, 33 Grant Sq., Brooklyn,
iquette, 106 S. Augusta Av., Baltimore, Md.
Get double the r - - - * _ j. _ _ , _
den implements, and secure bigger and better crops with less work.
Planet Jrs do the work of three to six men. They do it more
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tical farmer’s 35 years’ experience. Fully guaranteed.
.’ 1 I No. 6.1 The newest Planet Jr Combination Hill and Drill Seeder,
j ’ Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow, opens the furrow, sows any kind of
i I garden seed accurately in drills or hills, covers, rolls down, and marks out the
/ ' next row — all at one operation. Perfect Wheel-Hoe, Cultivator and Plow.
' , Planet Jr 12-tooth Harrow, Cultivator and Pulverizer is a won-
t. derful tool for berry-growers and market-gardeners Works deep or shallow
' » without throwing earth 1 on the plants, and pulverizes the soil thoroughly.
I ' j 1 1 Invaluable wherever fine close work is needed.
1 1 You can’t afford to miss the 1911 illustrated
Planet Jr 56-page catalogue. Free
‘£0^5 and postpaid. Write today.
Manufacturers of all
kinds of fruit baskets
and crates. Write for
Catalogue and Price
List.
WEBSTER BASKET COMPANY,
Box 431. Webster. Monroe Co.. N. Y.
HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS
Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a spring
| wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.,
[bring more money. Ask ior special proposition.
Harvey Spring Co., JJLO-lithSt, Kaelne, Wi*.
GUARANTEED
used in securing the order, or that he
knew that he was to secure the worth¬
less trees. After a man signs a con¬
tract he will be held to it unless he
can prove that he was defrauded or de¬
ceived. A nurseryman sure of his trees
might find it profitable to give such a
guarantee.
Some Alfalfa Questions.
.4. IE. S., Oilboa, N. Y. — -We have a field
of one-half to three-quarters of an acre1,
w hich was planted to potatoes in 1909 and
■well cultivated, plowed in the Fall of 1909.
In the Spring of 1910 it was kept well
harrowed, with Clark’s double-action Cut¬
away harrow. One ton of fresh burned
lime was applied and well harrowed in.
Cn June 23, 140 pounds of soil secured
from the experiment station was spread
broadcast and harrowed in, seeded to Al¬
falfa the same day. We thought that we
had the weeds well subdued, but no sooner
Get this Genuine Alectride Tool N
Barman Supply Co., 160 Harrison SL, Dept.3583 Chicago
Please send me free and prepaid book’ets explaining
your tree trial offer ol your Alectrklc Tool ormdc«I
Address .
Grinder on Free Trial X.
-
Sharpen your tools at my expense.’ I want to show you that the ancient grindstone
is a back number and that the emery wheel is a menace. I want you to try positively
free this genuine Alectride Farm Tool Grinder. Alectride is the only true abrasive. It will merely
not draw the temper from steel; It will sharpen the dullest tool in from 3 to 5 minutes, when coupon.
the grindstone would take half an hour. Alectride never wears out. It does not glaze over. V
I want to send a few of these machines out on Free Trial in every part of the United States. I want
to put one in every locality. I want you to clip off and send the coupon at the upper right hand corner
- - - JT - Ml - -M-J. - = - . - - - *--» - •-» ■ , V*
of this announcement and I will mail at once circulars explaining every detail of the olier I am making here.
I Don’t Want Yon to Send Me a Cent of Your Money. I Don’t Want Any Promise
r
10
Machines
Ini
I merely want to place this Genuine Alectride Grinder on your farm for a few days. Sharpen your dull axe, your dull scythe, your dull corn
knives, your dull cold chisels, or hatchet, or ary dull tool you have. See how quickly
and how easily it is done. See how Alecfride (made of 'die substance of precious stones)
Sharpens your tools in Irom one-iourth to, one-twenty-f.ith ot the time required by a
grindstone and does not heat nor draw the temper. Do ali this— give this machine the
most severe tests— then unless you think that you positively cannot get along without
y * iectride Tool Grinder, send it back at our expense. We’ll ask no questions.
•v h take it back without a word, and we’ll pay the transportation charges. Kow send
the coupon. Let us tell you ail about this wonderful abrasive and our free trial oEer.
Remember — Alectride is really manufactured precious stones. It is even harder
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to scratch _ Hannan Supply Ccl, 160 Harrison St, Dept- 3583
the DiantHdBPHMHMaMHiMHM
Chicago, HL
10 MACHINES IN 1
1 One Sickle Grinder Wheel
2 One Fine Grinding Wheel
3 One Coarse Grinding Wheel
4 One Harman Special Oil Stone
5 One Saw Cummer
6 One Sickle Holding Attachment
7 One Scythe Stone
8 One Harmon Special Razor Hone
9 One Disc Grinding Attachment
10 One Tool Rest
304
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 25,
FARMING A SMALL FARM.
I have a case for your Hope Farm
man to diagnose. My farm consists of
eight acres. Heretofore I have not de¬
pended upon it much as a means to live
by except to escape rent and the pro¬
duction of such things as fruit, vege¬
tables, eggs, butter. and milk, as best
suited our convenience and taste. But
for a number of years I have been
smarting more or less under the re¬
straints of a "boss,” and I have been
longing for the day, if possible, when I
could make my living from the farm
and get square with the world. My soil
is a clay loam with hard clay subsoil ;
had been cropped until rather poor, but
I have been tiling and manuring until
I have got it up to where I can raise
corn and clover galore. It is a good
place for peaches ; I have not had a
complete failure in peaches in 25 years.
My soil is a little stiff for vegetables,
and slow warming up in the Spring, but
on the other hand is quite easy to keep
clear of weeds. And what manure I
put on stays put.
My resources for 1911 would line up
about as follows : One horse, good
roadster ; one cow ; 30 pullets that were
already shelling out January 1 40-cent
eggs in respectable numbers; young
orchard, three-fourths acre, seeded to
clover ; one acre rye stubble, seeded to
clover ; one acre clover sod, mowed last
year, good showing for another crop
or pasture; 1%. acre Timothy sod,
mowed two years and pastured last year;
one acre corn stubble, seeded to rye;
I acre oats stubble, not seeded last
Fall; one-half acre sorghum stubble;
one-fourth acre strawberries. Remainder
is used for garden, orchard, buildings,
chickens, etc. Sorghum stubble, one-
half acre, was Timothy sod heavily ma¬
nured last Spring; will be well coated
again by Spring to plow under. Timothy
sod, 1% acre, was well manured each
Winter for the third time. Corn stubble
seeded to rye, one acre, was in clover
the year before and was well manured
the Winter previous. Clover in rye
stubble looks good. The only dark spot
in the outlook is the oat stubble, 1%
acre; has not had any manure for 20
years, except commercial fertilizer ; has
been cropped until quite unresponsive.
With the foregoing as an outline I want
your Hope Farm man or any others
who will to help plan for the coming
year. s. K.
Ashland, O.
R. N.-Y. — This should have been dis¬
cussed before, but was unavoidably de¬
layed. There is little use trying to make
a plan for a stranger, because the crops
must be decided by the markets and the
inclinations of the grower. If we had
this place in New Jersey, near our mar¬
kets, and with oujr experience with
crops, we should try to grow this year
potatoes, cabbage, corn and a small
patch of celery. We should make a
large garden covering all the vegetables.
If the market will absorb them we should
also try about 1,200 plants of sweet pep¬
pers. Some markets hardly know this
crop, but where there are Italians or
other workmen from southern Europe,
peppers do well.
We should let' the rye stubble seeded
to clover alone. Cut the acre of clover
sod early, then plow and fit well and
plant late cabbage. We should plant po¬
tatoes in the corn stubble, the oats stub¬
ble and the sorghum stubble, using fer¬
tilizer heavily, especially after oats. We
should plant a fair proportion of early
potatoes, dig them when ready and seed
to rye at once. Sow rye also after the
late potatoes. We take it the Timothy
sod is not the best. In such case we
should plow it and plant corn and sow
a mixture of rye and Hairy vetch seed
at the last cultivation. On a farm of this
size it rarely pays to sow Timothy for
hay. Better depend on clover and fodder
corn for feeding the cow and horse. We
could not tell where to put the celery
without examining the soil. There are,
of course, many other crops which could
be suggested, but these are within the
powers of a man and boy and are all
reasonably salable. Onions often pay,
but they require constant hand work,
and we think potatoes, coni and cabbage
with celery and garden on the side will
do as well as anything.
WHO “PRODUCED” ABUNDANCE PLUM?
B. TT. C. (ATo Address). — I am sending
you a page from Lutlier Burbank’s new
catalogue in which he claims to be the
producer of Abundance, Burbank and Sat-
suma plum. I was under the impression i
that these plums were imported from Ja- ;
pan. Is this correct?
«
Ans. — The following photograph of
part of a page from this catalogue shows
the claim made by Mr. Burbank:
How to Judge Novelties
Some interesting facts which have not perhaps attracted the attention
of fruit growers: Within the past twenty years one hundred and twenty
new plums have been introduced by various growers, dealers, and nursery¬
men, in the United Statev Among these one hundred and twenty are twenty-
four of my own production, as follows: •
Abundance Doris October Splendor Sbiro
Burbank Saisuma Wiekson Giant Formosa
Gold First America Sugar Sanra Rosa
Delaware Apple Chaleo Sultan Gaviota
•Jlale Combination Climax Bartlett
The last three quite foicfy
Our understanding is that Satsuma
and Burbank were imported from Japan
by Mr. Burbank on December 20, 1885.
We do not know who produced them. As
for Abundance, it was imported from
Japan by Mr. Burbank about 1884, and
distributed from New Jersey several
years later. We do not understand that
Mr. Burbank had anything more to do
with producing these varieties than a
nurseryman who puts a new fruit in the
market. Suppose the nurserymen who
first offered the Concord grape for sale
had claimed it as one of their “produc¬
tions” !
When first brought over Abundance
was known as Botan. Many Eastern
fruit growers have characterized Abund¬
ance as “the worst curse ever brought
over,” because the first trees which came
East were well plastered with the San
Jose scale. It was from these trees,
we are informed, that this hated pest
was first spread.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick renly and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
The BIG MONEY CROP
se m
ONLY!
CENTS
POUND
lANPUP
START RIGHT WITH GOOD SEED
We know that our seed is EXTRA
GOOD, and supply yearly many of
the largest growers. _
$150.00 TO $300.00 PER ACRE
IS WITHIN YOUR REACH
We have an enormous crop of best
commercial varieties and make
Special Low Prices on quantity.
Tell us how many acres you will
plant in Onions and what varie¬
ties and we will send samples and
rock bottom prices. Better write
now— it’s worth your while. Also
any other seeds you need.
Henry Field Seed Co.
No. 26 Field Blgd.
SHENANDOAH. IA.
FARM SEEDS
Headquarters for Alfalfa,
Clover, Hay and Pasture
Mixtures, Beans, Cab¬
bage, Corn, Oats, Onions, Potatoes and all farm seeds in
large or small quantities at lowest market prices for
absolutely highest quality. Ask today for quotations,
t ft S/ 1 C Garden and Floral
V1LI\ O Guide for 1911
Ready now. As always, the authority on what, how,
when and where to plant. Your copy of the Guide is
waiting for you. Write for it today. Sent free.
JAMES VICK’S SONS, 430 Main St, Rochester, N. Y.
CHOICE CiOW PEAS
Hand threshed; auv variety, any quantity. Cor
respondence solicited. SUDLER BROS,, Bridoeviile, Del.
SWEET POTATO SEED, DEWBERRY AND
Strawberry Plants, Asparagus Roots, Grape
Vines. Catalog free. MICHAEL N. B0RC0, Vineland. N. J.
NEW SEED OATS. Bigmoney
in right, kind of oats. Here’s
your chance. Imported Canadian
seed oats, raised on Galloway
Brothers' big farm in Canada.
New, clean land. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought this seed from us last year raised as high as 7S to 100
bushels in this country, and found out their old seed was inbred
pndrunout. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed.
Send for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. Willalsoseud
our iree booklet, entitled “Big Money in Oats and How to Grow
Them.” Galloway Bros. -Bowman Company
662 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa
In planting your garden this book will give you the most
reliable and helpful information. Hundreds of cultural
articles telling how to grow flowers, plants, vegetables. These
arranged conveniently with descriptions, prices and pictures.
73d annual edition increased to 288 pgs. 1000 illustrations,
8 color and duotone plates. Describes over 1200 varieties
of Flower Seeds, 600 of Vegetables, 2000 of Plants, besides
many kinds of Hardy Shrubs, Vines, Small Fruits, etc.
Sent free to anyone mentioning this publication.
HENRY A. DREER
Ilreer’* Stock- Flowered Larkspurs
This beautiful old-fashioned favorite flower should he in every garden. Fasy to
grow, flowering all sum met- in many exquisite shades offline, rose, red, lilac, white, etc.
Mixed colors, 10c. per packet. “Garden Hook” free with each order.
Dreers Garden Book
FOTTLER, FISKE, RAWSON Co.
OUR SPECIALTY
OF THE HIGHEST GRADE
k3Ej Hi LI i3 for the MARKET GARDENER
We cannot say more for the SEEDS only “ The Highest Grade.”
Our Garden Manual is made up for the buyer who wants “The Highest
Grade Seeds.” Let us mail you one and you be the judge.
It is useful as a reference even if you do not buy. Just mail us a postal,
we’ll do the rest, _ _
Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Co. Also 26 S. Market 1" Boston
DIBBLE’S FARM SEEDS
are all northern grown from carefully selected stock seed and are the
best obtainable, regardless of cost. We sell but just one grade, believing
the best is none too good for the American Farmer, and ship direct
from our 1,600 acre Seed Farms to yours at live-and-let-live prices.
Seed Potatoes — Thirty-one varieties, all the new and standard kinds of value.
Splendid stock, full of health and vigor.
Seed Corn— Four varieties, best by test either for the crop or silo. Pedigree
stock showing germination 95%-98%.
Seed Oats — Two kinds, adapted to the Middle and Eastern States, that are
early, have stiff straw and are enormously prolific. Thoroughly recleaned.
Alfalfa, Clover and Grass Seed — D. B. Brand, 99.60% to 99.98% pure.
Farm Seed Catalog FREE. Address:
EDWARD F. DIBBLE IHOneoye falls, n.y.
SEEDGROWER J Box B
Cow Peas
• _ \
Choice Recleaned Stocks of Whip¬
poorwill, New Era, Black Clay
and Mixed, at lowest prices.
Our Descriptive Catalog'of Seeds Mailed
Free. It gives comprehensive informa¬
tion on farming and gardening.
We carry best stocks of Clovers, Grass
Seeds, Alfalfa, Seed Corn, Millet, Seed Pota¬
toes, besides a complete line of Vegetable
and Flower Seeds and Lawn Grass.
WOOD, STUBBS & CO.
Louisville, - Kentucky
PIONEER
SIS
FOR ALL KINDS OF
CLOVER and FIELD
SEEDS also GARDEN,
FLOWER SEEDS
and Implements
Write to this Old Reliable
House— Catalogue Free
and Field Seed Price List
mailed you on application.
THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CB. . Toledo, 0.
Open flATC Sensation yielded 96 ’e bus. per
UH I o acre on 25 acres. Best oats in cul¬
tivation. Largest grain, stiffest straw, and almost
as heavy as wheat. Try them this season and double
your yield. It will be the best investment yon ever
made. Sample and catalogue free.
THEO. HURT & SONS . . Melrose, Ohio
Arrn OATS, CORN, POTATOES, ETC.
^ P1 ► 1 1 Best kinds. Low Prices. Write us.
VkhftJ McADAMS SEED CO.. Columbus Grove. 0.
OTV/OTV SEED
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg. Plat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. 1 stock. Get prices.
- THEILMANN SEED CO., ERIE, PA.-
Qirirn Potatoes, Disease-Proof Read’s
^ *-*•“-*■*-' Goldenflake, Golden Gem, and Peach-
blow. New varieties, wonders. Sold direct. Write
for facts., G. A. READ Read’s Exp. Farms, Charlotte. Vt.
CLOVER *% TIMOTHY TiSES
Cheapest ami Best Seeding; Known
Alsike, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully % Al-
sike, a great bargain. Most wonderful hay and pas¬
ture combination that grows. Write for Free Sam¬
ple and our large 76-page, catalog describing this
wonderful grass mixture Far ahead of anything
you can sow and ridiculously cheap. Be convinced.
A. A. Berry Seed Go., lJoxeco Clarinda, Iowa-
N. WERTHEIMER & SON NS?.' IS,*;
Choice seeds boughtdirect from the farmer and sold
direct to the farmer. We offer you the choicest
seeds, doubly recleaned, Medium and Mammoth
Clover Seed, Alsike, Alfalfa. Timothy, Crimson
Clover, White Clover, Red Top, Orchard Grass,
Blue Grass, Lawn Grass, all kinds of Coi n, Spring
and Winter Wheat, Buckwheat, all kinds of Peas.
Samples and prices sent on application. « * »
N. WERTHEIMER & SON -:- LIGONIER, INDIANA
SEED COHN— Reid’s Yellow Dent, Imp. Learning,
Golden Surprise, American P«4e, White Cap and
seed oats. Catalog free. THEO.BURf 8 SONS, Melrnse, Dlnn
Arrn niTC Read’s Green Mountain Won-
OCLU Ufl I W derful new variety. Yields
130 bus. to acre. Absolutely rustproof. Outyielded
Swedish Select in five-year test. Circular free.
G. A. READ. Read's Experiment Farms, Charlotte, Vt.
Three rousing big crops of
SALZER’S
Alfalfa
We have sold enough of
lis seed to sow half-a-
lillion acres and
very purchaser
as been enthu-
astic about it.
x - G o v. W. D.
loard of Wiscon-
n writes “I like
le quality of your'T'?it.
lfalfa Clover very
mch. On 30 acres
raised over
1500 worth of
lfalfa Iiay.
here is no
etter money
rop that I
now of.”
You sow Salzer’s Northern Grown Alfalfa and
et three rousing big crops, in May, July and
ugust, besides having the best of pastures. It
fill do this on any farm in America where
imothy will grow. Get full particulars. Write
)r our 1911 catalog. It’s free.
0
10 PACKETS OF
FARM SEEDS
i«0
lere’s our great trial collection at one cent
package, composed of Speltz, the cereal and
y wonder, Silver King Barley, a world beater with
bu. per acre, Bonanza Oat — swon four farms in
0— biggest sworn to yield 259 Bushels peracre.
ion Dollar Grass, the ten ton grass wonder,
zer’s luxuriant Alfalfa, and five other packets,
ten for 10c in stamps. Write for this collection
lay and we’ll also send you a free copy of our
sat 1911 catalogue.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO.
I South 8th SI., La Crosse, Wig.
»11.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
3 03
THE KING DRAG.
C. L. M., Pittsburg, Pa. — Can you give me
any information regarding the King drag,
how to make and use it?
Ans. — Probably the best information
will be a picture of the drag, which is
shown at Fig. 134.'
There is no doubt about the value of
this implement if used persistently on
the country road.
Questions About Spraying.
S. O., San Diego, Cal. — Can I spray Bor¬
deaux mixture or Paris green on straw¬
berries where they are blooming and fruit¬
ing without injury to the crop?
Ans. — It is not' safe to use Bordeaux
Mixture on strawberries when they are
blossoming or fruiting. It will mark
the fruit very badly, and will sometimes
hurt the blossom. As to Paris green
that surely cannot be used after buds
open ; it would be both unsafe and un¬
wise. w. H.
Power of a Water Wheel.
C. R. Bethel, N. Y. — Can any reader tell
me how many horse-power a six-foot over¬
shot water wheel has that is six feet in
diameter, four feet wide, the buckets six
inches?
Ans. — It is not possible to give a
specific answer to this question. An
overshot water wheel is not likely to
utilize more than three-fourths of the
theoretical power the water would gen¬
erate if it could all be used. If the
wheel could utilize 200 cubic feet per
minute at the usual advantage, the
horse-power would be less than two,
possibly 1.8. f. H. king.
Fool Talk About Sulphur and Potash.
A reader in Pennsylvania sends us a
report of a lecture said to have been
delivered by C. W. Tabler of West Vir¬
ginia, in which this remarkable state¬
ment is made:
The speaker announced that he had
proved by careful experiment that in deal¬
ing with scale, the most destructive of all
fruit tree enemies, the use of sulphur lime
wash in spraying is absolutely useless in
every ease where the ground lias first been
treated with potash. The reason of this,
he explained, was because the potash con¬
tains chloride of lime, which combines with
the sulphur lime wash in such a manner
as to render the spraying useless.
It would hardly be possible to get
more nonsense in a few tons of type.
Mr. Tabler never said any such thing.
The lime-sulphur wash is sprayed on
the tree and not on the ground, and
could not corribine with anything in the
soil until it had completed its work on
the tree and been washed off. What
Mr. Tabler actually said was this:
One point should be carefully observed
in the use of organic nitrogen, which when
applied or used for a succession of years is
liable to produce humic acid or a sour
condition of the soil, which can easily be
determined by the use of the blue litmus
paper ; an acid soil will change blue litmus
red. When this condition exists light ap¬
plication of lime should be used, as an al¬
kali will correct acidity of the soil. It
can also be determined by a blighting or
dying of the large limbs of the trees. When
lime is applied to an orchard the sulphate
of potash should be used, as muriate of
potash contains chlorine, which unites with
the lime, making a soluble compound, which
is easily washed or will leach out of the
soil, thus robbing the soil of the lime.
Now that is as sound as a dollar, but
you will see that the reporter got it all
mixed up. He could not see any dif¬
ference between lime put on the soil to
sweeten it and lime-sulphur put on the
trees to kill the scale.
Water Company and Wells.
A few issues back 1 noticed where
you answered a query to the effect that
where one man had property and had
a well on that property, and a water
company bought adjoining or nearby
property and dug so many wells that his
well went dry, there was no remedy for
him; in that it was percolating waters
and he could not prove any particular
stream. In the New Jersey courts a
case of this kind (very recent) was
tried and the courts held that the water
company must use its property in a rea¬
sonable way, and if they dug so many
wells that the adjoining or nearby prop¬
erty owner’s well went dry, then the
owner could recover damages against the
company. The court based its decision
on the fact that the water company had
not made a reasonable use of its land. I
understand there is another case about
to be brought or pending of the same
kind. The law as stated by you has
been the law for a great many years, but
as conditions are changing I think you
will find that many courts will follow
this New Jersey decision. h. g. w.
Verona, N. J.
Cook the Pork ! Cook it Well !
Every little while it seems necessary
to repeat the Government’s warning
about trichinosis in pork:
Cases of illness sometimes occur from eat¬
ing uncooked, or insufficiently cooked pork
which is infested with a microscopic para¬
site commonly known as trichina or flesh-
worm, the scientific name being Trichinella
spiralis. An average of one or two per cent,
of the hogs slaughtered in the United States
are Infested with this parasite. When trans¬
mitted to human beings, trichinae may cause
serious illness, sometimes resulting in death.
Out of about 15,000 cases of trichinosis re¬
corded in medical literature, most of which
occurred in Europe, 830 cases resulted
fatally.
No Government inspection can surely
detect the pork containing these para¬
sites. Dry salted, pickled or smoked pork
is practically safe. The sure remedy is
thorough cooking — up to 160° at least.
Cook fresh pork until the red color en¬
tirely changes to white.
Destroying Willow.
I would like Information as to what
days in August should willows or timber
be cut, so that it will not sprout again?
Paonia, Col. M. p. G.
There is no particular day or state of
the moon best for cutting sprouts. The
principle is that in late Summer when such
shrubs or stumps finish their growths they
are exhausted. If left alone they will
recruit by storing up fresh material in their
roots. If the sprouts arc cut right then
nature forces the roots to send up new
sprouts. These weaken the roots that they
are likely to die before Spring. That is
why farmers are advised to cut such sprouts
when the Summer growth has ended. This
is usually in August.
When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See gifarautee page 20.
Steel Wheels
Steel Gears
You know the advant¬
ages steel construction
thas over wooden con¬
struction. You wouldn’t
^ even think of buying a
lUc Modern Wagon. wooden frame cultiya_
tor. Why then a wagon of wood? Everyone realizes that the
steel wagon will soon be the only wagon used.
The Davenport Roller. Bearing
Steel Farm Wagon
Is Built Like a Bridge
Constructed of I-beams, chan¬
nels and angles, solidly riveted
together with large steel rivets,
put in hot. The gear parts and
the wheels are trussed and
braced like the modern steel
railway bridge, built for the
heaviest lifetime service. In
the Davenport you have a
wagon of 5000 pounds capac¬
ity, stronger and more durable
and of lighter draft than any
other wagon of equal capacity.
The Modern Bridge.
The WHEELS of steel, with strong round spokes, forged solidly into the
hubs and hot riveted into the tires, do away with the resetting of tires, loose
spokes and cracked felloes.
Roller-Bearings Reduce the Draft 30% to 50%
Last a
Lifetime
No Repair
Bills to
Pay
The Roller-Bearing.
You know the difference between dragging a thing and rolling it. Well, the
Roller-Bearings have this advantage on the Davenport.
Write us now for more information and why you should buy a Davenport
when you need a wagon again. The Davenport costs about the same as a
high grade wooden wagon, and is far better. Be sure and ask for our
Package No.36. for full information. -
Davenport Wagon Company, Davenport, Iowa
<L
TREAT YOUR SEED POTATOES
WITH FORMALDEHYDE m 0
Banish “scab,” “black-leg” and kindred crop destroyers by the
modern, inexpensive method — disinfect with Formaldehyde. No
skill or experience necessary in applying — the expense is but slight.
Endorsed by U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Send to-day for free
booklet which gives full instructions concerning the many uses to
which Formaldehyde — this best of all disinfectants — can be put
about the house and farm.
PERTH AMBOY CHEMICAL COMPANY
100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK
Baskets, Ladders and Growers’
Supplies.
A card brings our catalogue.
BACON & CO., Appleton, N. Y.
A/fPi sfi Pifo like hungry wolvea
• ■* and keep you busy
if you use Y. C. Bait. Best bait known
for enticing all kinds of fish. 25c. a box.
Write for Free Booklets and our Special
Offer of one box to help introduce it.
Walton Supply Co., Dept. y St. Louis, Mo
A FOOD STORY.
Makes a Woman of 70 “One in 10,000.”
Pull Your Stumps FREE
The widow of one of Ohio’s most dis¬
tinguished newspapers editors and a fa¬
mous leader in politics in his day, says
she is 70 years old and a “stronger
woman than you will find in ten thou¬
sand,” and she credits her fine physical
condition to the use of Grape-Nuts:
“Many years ago I had a terrible fall
which permanently injured my stomach.
For years I lived on a preparation of
corn starch and milk, but it grew so
repugnant to me that I bad to give it
up. Then I tried, one after another, a
dozen different kinds of cereals, but the
process of digestion gave me great pain.
“It was not until I began to use Grape-
Nuts food three years ago that I found
relief. It has proved, with the dear
Lord’s blessing, a great boon to me. It
brought me health and vigor such as I
never expected to again enjoy, and in
gratitude I never fail to sound its
praises.” Name given by Postum Co.,
Battle Creek, Mich.
“There’s a Reason.”
Look for it in the little book, “The
Road to Wellville,” to be found in pkgs.
Ever read the above letter ? A new
one appears from time to time. They
are genuine, true, and full of human
interest.
SEE here how the Hercules pulls
out big stumps, roots and all.
Don’t have stumpy fields—
loafer land doesn’t pay. This Hercu¬
les Genuine All-Steel Stump Puller is
.
For 30 Days with this
Hercules A"-Steel Puller
against breakage— flaw or no flaw. Test
it on your place for 30 days at our risk.
Try it on stumps or green trees.
Triple Power
"Triple power” attachment means a
third greater pulling capacity and saves
Strain on team and on cables. Three ma¬
chines in one— single, double and triple
power. Can be changed in a minute right
in the field from one power to the other by
one man. Nothing like it in the world.
The Hercules is the only stump puller
guaranteed for three years. Only one with
Double Safety Ratchets. Hitch on to any
stump and it is bound to come. Also pulls
largest hedge rows and green trees
Don’t risk cbstly and dangerous dyna¬
mite. Don’t risk a cast iron puller.
Write us at once on a postal for our
Special Price Offer
We have a special price proposition to
the first man we sell to in new sections.
We are glad to make you a special price
on the first Hercules sold in your commun¬
ity because that will sell many more and
save advertising. Write us and we will also
send you our special price— 30 Days’ Free
Trial and FREE BOOKS about the only All-Steel,
Triple Power Stump Puller— the Famous Hercules.
1 HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO., 130 nth Street, Centerville, Iowa
396
THE RURAL N R W -YORKER
March 25,
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE
About 1,880,000,000 pounds of tobacco
are consumed annually in the entire world.
The Netherlands use the largest amount
per capita, 7.5 pounds. Belgium comes next,
0.2. The United States uses nearly six
pounds per head. Other countries running
jver four are Switzerland, Denmark, Ar¬
gentina and Cuba ; Germany, 3.5, and Great
Britain only two pounds.
During 1910 France exported to the
United States peanut products valued at
$1,378,837. The largest item was 42,881
barrels of peanut oil, worth $1,007,269.
Part of this oil is used in cookery and part
for soap making. It is estimated that
France will have to import at least 75,-
000.000 bushels of wheat this year. The
per acre yield of wheat in France runs
about five bushels ahead of the average in
the United States, but the population is
nearly one-half that of the United States,
with less than one-seventeenth the area. %
Autos for Heavy Work. — Automobiles
have now been used for heavy trucking and
delivery work in the city long enough to
make some interesting cost comparisons. In
one case where an effort was made to get
conservative figures it was found that 10
auto trucks took the place of 30 horses and
did the work something over $1,000 per
month cheaper than the horses, besides giv¬
ing more satisfactory service.
Sale for Carrots. — “I have about 30
bushels of table carrots. How can I best
dispose of them?” w
Chenango Co., N. Y.
There is not much inducement in ship¬
ping them to New York. They might pos¬
sibly bring 50 cents per bushel, from which
commission and freight would have to be
deducted. New York and Philadelphia now
have an ample supply of new carrots from
Bermuda and the South, which many peo¬
ple prefer to the old carrots. Our judg¬
ment is that these carrots can be disposed
of to better advantage in markets nearer
the place of production, Binghamton,
Scranton or Wilkesbarre.
City or Country Horse. — “Which, as a
rule, has an easier time — a country or a
city horse?” G- H* L-
Tennessee.
Assuming that work horses are the kind
meant, the country horse is the more fa¬
vorably situated, as he does not have to
contend with hard, and often slippery,
pavements, and usually eats his noon
meal in the stable, instead of from
a nose bag while hitched to a wagon
on the street. During Summer he
often gets a bite of grass, even where not
regularly turned to pasture, a luxuiy that
bis city brother knows nothing of. Of
course a brutal master can make life hard
for a horse anywhere, but taking average
conditions the country work horse has the
better end of the bargain.
Cold Storage Matters.— The legislatures
of New York and New Jersey are dis¬
cussing bills aimed to remedy cold storage
abuses. Some good may come from State
regulation, if the laws arc not made to
carry back-breaking loads of red tape, ••bu¬
reau's,” “boards,” and “commissions,” which
the real enemies of reform, under the guise
of friendship, manage to have worked into
such bills before passage, making enforce¬
ment difficult, if not ridiculous. But the
root of the trouble can be got at only
through Federal regulation, and the only
regulation necessary is to do away with the
secret storage of food products. Compel all
warehouses carrying butter, eggs, poultry,
etc-., to date the goods when stored and
make frequent public reports of the actual
amounts oh hand, and the laws of supply
and demand and choice will act automatical¬
ly to keep prices on a just level and crowd
unwholesome food out of the channels of
trade. So long as foods may be taken
off the market and stored secretly in un¬
limited quantities, trade is on an artificial
rather than natural basis, and speculators
wax fat at the expense of the helpless pub¬
lic. Grain storage might well be included
in a Federal law of the type suggested.
Barley Grades. — “I notice malting bar¬
ley is quoted around $1 in the market.
Our local maltster claims this refers to
barley that has been malted. The top
price he offers to local farmers is 75 cents.
Does the term “malting” in the quotations
really mean malted?” b.
New York.
Malting barley is grain suitable for malt¬
ing, as distinguished from low-grade bar¬
ley, used only for feeding live, stock. Com¬
mercially New York State barley is classi¬
fied as two and four-rowed, Nos. 1-2-3 of
each variety. No. 1, four-rowed must be
bright, plump, sound, clean, weighing not
less than 48 pounds. No. 2 may be slightly
stained, but must not weigh less than 46%
pounds. No. 3 must be reasonably clean
and weigh at least 44 pounds. Two-rowed
is graded the same, except that No. 1
must weigh 49 and No. 2 48 pounds. Any¬
thing poorer than these grades would be
classed as feeding, though, of course, large
quantities of high-grade barley are used
for feeding. w. w. h.
Apples for Western New England.
What varieties of apples shall I plant in
northwest Massachusetts? J. R.
I would plant the McIntosh, Baldwin,
Gravcnstein and It. I. Greening and Spy, if
the latter is found to do well, i.e„ to grow
6mooth and of good color. Any one of a
dozen standard varieties might do espe¬
cially well in a given locality, and if that
is the case would plant that variety as a
specialty ; i. e., Astrachan, Fall Pippin,
Ilubbardston. Twenty Ounce, Wealthy,
Bdlefleur, Itoxbury Russet, Palmer Green¬
ing, Gilli flower, etc. For the best success
one must grow enough of one kind to create
a market, or rather a demand for them
from some large center. s. t. maynard.
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
Will' you tell us why apples and some
other fruits do better on the south shore
of Lake Ontario than those south of Lake
Erie? Is there any definite reason for it?
Cherries, peaches and plums do quite as
well on the southern shore of Lake Erie
as to the south of Lake Ontario. Apples
and pears do not do nearly as well for
the reason that the soils south of Lake
Erie are not as well adapted to these
fruits. This statement holds only in a
very general way, for there are some locali¬
ties in which apples and pears can be
grown near Lake Erie in New York as
well as near Lake Ontario. Another factor,
though a minor one, is that the winds
coming from Lake Erie are much stronger
and more constant as they strike the shores
of New York than are the winds coming
from Lake Ontario. This means that fruits
in the former locality are blown from the
trees to the great "discouragement of fruit
growers, especially of apple and pear grow¬
ers. Vineyards, as you know, do much
better on the southern shore of Lake Erie
than on the same shore of Lake Ontario.
Soil and climatic conditions are such that
one is a region of vineyards and the other
of orchards. In the Ontario region the
soils as a whole are not nearly as well
adapted to grape growing and the winds
are not sufficiently constant to protect the
vineyards from injurious fungi as they do
south of Lake Erie. u. p. hedrick.
Geneva Exp. Station.
ROOFING
GUARANTEED
UNTIL 1921
We know Congo will last more than
10 years.
One thing the guarantee forces
upon us ; it makes us extremely
careful in manufacturing.
We make doubly sure that every
roll is perfect.
We use the best material that
money can buy.
We provide free of charge, gal¬
vanized iron caps which are rust
proof and will last as long as the
roofing.
Send for free copy of our Guar¬
antee Bond, and a sample of Congo
Roofing.
P nndnlpum ^ e should like to send every reader of this paper a
LUllgUluUlU sample of Congolemn, the new floor covering and
wainscoting. A perfect imitation of light and golden oak. Unusually
durable. The price is very low. Write for samples and further detail ..
HpHE owner of a building covered
with Congo has the satisfac¬
tion of knowing that his roof is
gvaranteed for 10 years.
In each roll of Congo 2 ply and
3 ply is a genuine legally binding
Surety Bond issued by the National
Surety Company of New York.
This year we will guarantee
thousands of roofs to last till 1921.
Of course we are not going to
lose — we are offering a sure thing.
UNITED ROOFING & MANUFACTURING COMPANY
PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO KANSAS CITY SAN FRANCISCO
The money-saving paint
brush inside the house ”
-Says the Little
Paint Man
The money-saving paint brush inside the house does two things:
It keeps the house from wearing out.
It also makes the place where you live look better.
Isn’t a bright, clean, well-kept kitchen easier to work in as well as easier
to live in?
Wouldn’t you rather have floors nicely painted than worn full of paths?
Aren’t cupboards easier to keep clean when they are painted?
Isn’t there a lot of wear in the sitting-room which not only shows that
the house is wearing out, but makes it look badly?
Do you realize how very little paint and how very little work will make
these things right?
Business men are keen to realize that upkeep is just as important an
addition to their income as producing things. Farmers nowadays are business
men. They know that money put in a house is money invested and must be
protected. They know that work is easier if you live in a bright house.
Sherwin-Williams Brighten Up Finishes will enable you to keep your
house up, looking well and appropriate for a well-kept, up-to-date farm.
Sit right down now and write for that booklet, “Paints and Varnishes for the Farm.” It will be
a good investment for you and is just as necessary as a catalogue of seeds or farm implements.
x.
Address THE LITTLE PAINT MAN, care of
$ her win -Williams
Paints & Varnishes
635 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. In Canada, 897 Centre Street, Montreal
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask for color cards
. L-
THE; RURAL, NEW-YORKER
307
1911.
ORCHARD FRUITS FOR PENNSYLVANIA.
T. IV. S., North East , Pa. — In planting
an orchard of sweet cherries, say 100 trees,
what varieties are best, considering the pro¬
ductiveness and resistance to rot? In plant¬
ing the same number of dwarf apples what
six or seven varieties would insure a suc¬
cession beginning with the earliest, also
which stock is the better, Paradise or Dou-
cln? The Delicious is boomed lately as a
standard ; how is it as a dwarf, also King
David and McIntosh? Is a steep, grav¬
elly hillside, sloping north toward the lake,
likely to be too cold for peaches or too
difficult to work? In an orchard of 300 or
400 trees what kinds should predominate?
How is the Gold Drop commercially, also
Hill's Chili? Many growers here are set¬
ting out lots of prunes, Italian and York
State ; are they apt to overdo it as to the
market end?
Ans. — In planting 100 sweet cherry
trees in northern Pennsylvania I would
select Bing, Lambert, Schmidt and Na¬
poleon, using 25 trees of each. As to
dwarf apple trees, any varieties can be
used that are offered for sale, but the
list of apple trees on the dwarf roots is
not usually large. Red Astrachan,
Fanny, Maiden Blush, Jonathan, Hub-
bardston and Tompkins King would be
a good selection, and might be in the
list of dwarfs. The Doucin is a better
stock than Paradise, being stronger in
growth. Delicious is an excellent va¬
riety and would be good on dwarf stock,
but it is doubtful if the propagators of
dwarf trees have used it as yet. The
same is true of King David, but Mc¬
Intosh, being an older variety, may be
used in this way.
I would not want to plant a peach
orchard on a steep north slope next to
the lake, although I have seen some
very good peach orchards on land next
to both lakes, Ontario and F,rie, on
the northern borders of New York,
Pennsylvania and Ohio. But they were
on good land and not directly next to
the lake, where the wind had full sweep.
The cool air there keeps back the buds
in Spring, and prevents their injury by
frosts. Gold Drop is a very good late
peach, but it lacks the red cheek that
the market seems to demand. Hill’s
Chili is better in this respect. The El-
berta is the best of all varieties to grow
for market in that section, and I would
advise planting very largely of it. The
York State and Fellenberg (Italian)
are very good prunes and I do not
think too many of them are likely to be
grown too abundantly. The market will
take large quantities of such good va¬
rieties. H. E. VAN DEMAN.
POTATO GROWING IN MICHIGAN.
Last October I had an opportunity to
visit the farm of Jason Woodman in
Van Buren County, Michigan. Mr.
Woodman has been making a study of
the potato crop, growing Rural New-
Yorker, planted about June 25 for a late
crop. He says the three reasons why
Michigan farmers do not get a satis¬
factory yield are, first, they do not make
the soil of their potato fields rich
enough ; second, they do not plant a
sufficient quantity of the right kind of
seed; third, they do not by thorough
spraying eliminate the blight. In 1909
the average yield was only 105 bushels
per acre in Michigan. In Mr. Wood¬
man’s township there were four fields
that averaged 377 bushels per acre. The
largest yield was 425 bushels per acre,
on a field of nine acres and 79 square
rods. These fields were measured and
the yield is the number of weighed
bushels when marketed. Practically the
same methods were followed in raising
all of these crops. These plans are the
result of experiments carried on during
a series of years. In all cases the basis
of each of these crops has been a field
seeded to clover before it got poor. This
clover sod was reinforced with a heavy
coat of manure, about 20 loads per acre,
applied one year before the crop is
planted. Mr. Woodman’s soil is a sandy
loam, and lie prefers pasturing it after
it has been manured, the manure making
a mulch, preventing the cattle from eat¬
ing too close, and by their tramping on
it makes it much more compact, which
helps to hold the moisture.
The Seed to Use. — All things consid¬
ered the best seed to plant is a whole
potato from the size of an egg up to
twice the egg size. If the seed potato is
cut up at all it should only be cut once,
split lengthwise through the seed end.
The seed end eyes are the strong eyes.
If seed potatoes have been properly kept,
a seed end backed by the whole potato
in every hill means every hill a good
hill. With the Rural potato, if the whole
tuber is planted, the eyes at or around
the seed end will send out from one to
four stalks, while the weaker eyes will
remain dormant. Thus the whole of the
plant food in the potato goes to nourish
the growth from the strongest eyes. If
seed potatoes are cut the weaker eyes
will grow weaker hills, which means a
smaller yield per acre. For six years
Mr. Woodman has planted a portion of
his fields with uncut seed, and invariably
the area planted with whole potatoes
has outyieldcd that part of the field
where cut seed was used. Perhaps some
of the readers of The R. N.-Y. will ask,
if egg size potatoes are planted whole
year after year, will not the size of the
stock deteriorate and the potatoes run
out? On the contrary, his yield has
been increasing, as well as the quality.
In 1909 he raised 3,410 bushels of pota¬
toes on eight acres and 113 square rods.
Out of this crop he was only able to
grade out 140 crates that were as small
as the bulk of two eggs.
Planting. — Late potatoes should be
planted in drills, the rows from 35 to 40
inches apart, and the seed should be
planted from 12 to 15 inches apart in
the row ; at this distance it will require
from 18 to 25 bushels per acre. As to
spraying, it is estimated that the crop is
diminished at least 25 per cent by the
blight, and the quality is injured. A
potato to be at its best must mature,
and mature in cool weather. Thorough
and effective spraying is necessary to
the production of a' large crop and a
good quality. A spraying machine, to
do good work, must spray up against
the lower side of the leaves and the
stems of the plants, for there is where
the blight spores during warm and
muggy weather germinate and grow.
The machines that only spray down on
the top of the vines will not properly
control the blight, and cannot be de¬
pended upon. Bordeaux Mixture con¬
taining 10 pounds of vitriol and 14
pounds of stone lime to 100 gallons of
water is used. Spraying is begun when
the tops are eight or 10 inches high,
and sprayed once in about every eight
or 10 days. If spraying is properly
done the tops will not die from blight,
nor will the potatoes rot and the tubers
will continue to grow during the latter
part of September and until killed by
the frosts of October. The quality of
the stock will be improved and the quan¬
tity increased.
Scab. — All the seed potatoes are
treated with formalin, 40 per cent so¬
lution, a tablespoonful to six or seven
quarts of water, and soaked for 40 min¬
utes. But remember that this treatment
will not completely eradicate scab; if
scabby potatoes are fed to stock and
the manure spread on the fields where
potatoes are planted, or if cattle that are
fed scabby potatoes are allowed to pas¬
ture on these fields, or if scabby potatoes
have been grown on these fields, as the
scab spores will live in the soil for four
or five years. e. v. a.
When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
CLOTHCRAFT
ALL-WOOL
CLOTHES
OU can be
distinctly
well-dress¬
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from $5 to $10
asuit — if you wear Cloth-
craft All-Wool Clothes
at $10 to $25.
The saying of $5 to $10 is meas¬
ured against the price of other
ready-to-wear clothes; but in many
instances Clothcraft Clothes are re¬
placing custom-made without suffer¬
ing by comparison. To illustrate:
Not long ago a man who had been
accustomed to pay $45 to $60 a suit
for his clothes bought a $16.50
Clothcraft suit.
He’s one of the hard-to-fit kind —
but he was so well pleased with his
Clothcraft Clothes that he promptly
returned a custom coat his tailor had
just made him, to see if it could be
altered to fit as well as Clothcraft.
Even the tailor acknowledged the
Clothcraft fit was better than his.
Clothcraft Clothes are the only guaranteed
all-wool line at medium prices — ?io to §25. The
definite guaranty, backed by dealer and maker, is
a protection that assures absolutely pure wool,
first-class trimmings and workmanship, lasting
shape, service and satisfaction.
If you wish to have that confidence in your
clothes, go to the nearest Clothcraft Store, or write
us direct. We'll gladly send you the spring style-
folder and name of the nearest Clothcraft dealer.
THE JOSEPH & FEISS CO.
Founded 1850 — Oldest American
Manufacturers of Men’s Clothes
635 St. Clair Avenue Cleveland
A Square Deal
Shoe for
Farmers
Here is the
most durable
work shoe that has ever been put to¬
gether, sold at the most reasonable
price and under the strongest guar¬
antee that can be given a shoe.
We make this positive assertion
because we know there is not another
shoe of its kind made today that com¬
bines such stout leather and honest
making.
For vamps and uppers we use such
leathers as old-fashioned French Kip,
oil-tanned moose hide and saddle
pieces of calf. They are soft and pli¬
able to the touch and wear like iron.
The soles, outside and insole, are
of firstquality hemlock-tanned steer’s
hide firmly fastened with brass stand¬
ard screws or maple pegs. This is the
old-fashioned shoe bottom that has
never been equalled for wear.
The
Haskin-Granger
Shoe
Is strictly a work shoe. We do not
attempt style. We have cornered
comfort and durability. We own and
operate our own factory. We have
spared no expense or effort to make
the most serviceable, wear -proof,
water-proof shoe that can be made by
skilled hands from perfect materials.
We are selling the Haskin-Granger
shoe direct to the farmer, dividing
with him the middleman’s profit.
We sell on the guarantee of complete
satisfaction. All we specify
is ordinary care.
Write Dept. A for illus¬
trations of leading styles
and complete descriptions.
For our reliability we
refer to the Citizen’s Trust
Co., Utica, N. Y., or any
bank in Utica.
The Haskin Shoe
Mfg. Company
Stittville
New York
BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY
Potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, cantaloupe,
email fruits, orchards, can be sprayed; at
slight; comparative cost for protection against i
blight, bugs, scale, etc. .with nu “IKON AGE” 1
SPRAYEK. Also, actually increases the
yield. The machine is adjustable to various
width rows — solution thoroughly mixed —
delivered in a fine spray that covers the plant _
—single or double acting pumps — three, four-, six or sevea
rows — one or two horses — 55 or 100 gallon steel or wood
tanks. Has orchard attachment and many others.
IRON MB Farm and Garden Tools
wo practical, •ffeettve, economical
Th«y give permanent satisfac¬
tion. We have been making
the dependable kind for 75 /'£
years. Formulas for
■olutions furnished on y vL-'-'if’
application. Write for 2s5m
our'frco Anniversary
Catalog showing pota- B _
to machinery, horse hoea, cultivators nnd complete line 1
of garden drills, wheel hoes, orchard tools, etc. ■"
BATEMAN M’F’G CO. Box 1029 Crenloch, N. J.l
PETER COOPER’S PURE BONE DUST
THE OLD RELIABLE SINCE 1827
STERLING BRANDS OF
COMPLETE FERTILIZERS
SPECIAL BLENDS FOR SPECIAL CROPS
'• : Send for Booklet : :
PETER COOPER’S FERTILIZER.
BRANDS
Hale, the Peach King , writes : 1 he Double Action 'Cutaway’ is
a splendid tool. I use it m polishing off my peach orchards several times a
year. A good pair of horses handle it all right.”
. genuine “Cutaway” tools are used and endorsed by successful orchard-
lsts from coast to coast and bay to gulf.
In orchard work the d river can cultivate under the trees and below the low
limbs, the horses not interfering with the branches. The double levers give
the driver lull control of tool at all tunes. For regular farm work the gangs
can be drawn together.
UTAWAY
DOUBLE ACTION
ORCHARD HARROW
Every orchardist and fruit grower should have one or more of these labor savers
and fruit makers. They will positively pay for themselves in one season. ffo investi-
gate is to be convinced.
Thorough cultivation makes large crops. Stirring the soil lets in the air, sunshine
and new life, and kills foul vegetation. The “Cutaway” disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists
and aerates the soil. Clahk’s “Cutaway” Tools run lighter and do better work than
any other machine. I-asts a lifetime.
Send today for new catalog, “ Intensive Cultivation.'’ Of course, it’s free.
839
CUTAWAY
MAIN STREET
HARROW
COMPANY
HICCANUM, CONNECTICUT
/The Thompson-Breese
\ 1 1 Ol aa t Handled by One Man-
rm B B ll|"l 1 1 AfWt mmm Docs Work of 6 Men
* ^ W W and 12 Horses— Easily
One w1311 plows 10 to 12 acres a daj-, any depth from 1 to 10 inches. Plows
absolutely uniform, no matter how uneven the ground. Right driving
\\heel 17 inches ahead of left wheel makes outfit ride over gullies or
furrows without jolts. Three 14-inch plows hung under the frame
forward of operator's seat— work always in sight. Right wheels
track in furrow, practically no steering needed after first furrow,
touching foot lever operates power lifting device for raising and
lowering plows while machine is in motion. Double opposed engine,
i inch hot e, 10-inch stroke — more than 30 horse power. Weight
only 8900 pounds with plows and water tanks and gasoline tank filled.
Plow hitch from front of machine, giving same pull as horse hitch. H
grade transmission and differential, three speeds forward and one reverse
—just like best automobiles. Not an experiment, but a real, proved, prac¬
tical Auto-Plow, guaranteed unconditionally to do satisfactory work. An
all around power outfit, not only for plowing, but for harrowing, seeding,
cutting grain, threshing it and hauling it to market. Also best belt
power for all farm machinery. An all round complete power outfit.
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
giving full description, with prices and terms
THOMPSON-BREESE COMPANY.
Department 109 Wapakoneta. Ohio
398
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 25,
SEEDLING APPLE AND PEAR.
J. 11. M7., Lambertville, N. J. — Where can
1 get apple seed and pear seed of the best
kind, as I wish to plant a small nursery
this Spring? What kind should I ask for?
1 wish to bud all Winter apples with Rome
Reauty, Stay man, Mammoth Black Twig,
York Imperial and Willow Twig, if good
kinds for this part of the country; if not
strike out the poor kinds. I have a small
orchard I wish to sow with buckwheat for
chickens. Will it do to turn hogs in to
help themselves if there should be more
than chickens need?
Ans.— J. H. W. spaks of apple and
pear seeds, but I presume that he means
seedlings. He should purchase stocks
with branched roots to bud on, and
they should be one year old, and caliper
3-16-inch and up at the collar. Either
French or American grown stocks are
good, the main point being not to get
old and stunted stocks. If only a small
quantity is wanted, they can generally
be had of nurserymen who grow fruit
stock, as they order in large quantities
for themselves, and may have a small
surplus that they would dispose of. An
inquiry sent to any nurseryman adver¬
tising in The R. N.-Y. will no doubt get
the stocks desired. The Rome Beauty is
one of the very best apples we have in
New Jersey, a large yellow apple beau¬
tifully shaded with red, is a good re¬
liable bearer in the orchard, and seems
to be a favorite wherever planted. Stay-
man’s Winesap seems to have suddenly
sprung into prominence in a very short
time, after being kept in the background
for many years. Thousands of trees of
this variety have been planted in the
past few years in New Jersey and else¬
where. There will be thousands more
planted this coming Spring, but some of
our best New Jersey growers are not so
enthusiastic about it now as they were
before they fruited it. Stayman is a fair
sized dark dull red apple of excellent
quality, tree a good grower and an early
bearer. York Imperial is a good apple
where it succeeds, and like every other
variety, has its strong friends and also
enemies. Mammoth Black Twig is a
large dark red apple, a good keeper
and good quality, bpt from every grower
I hear the same report about this va¬
riety; that it is a very shy bearer, and
unprofitable on that account. The Wil¬
low Twig is not a desirable or profitable
apple for New Jersey. J. H. W. should
find out what varieties are doing well
with apple growers in his section and
decide for himself which are the best
varieties for him to grow. Strictly Win¬
ter varieties or late keeping apples are
scarce; many of our very best varieties
have to be kept in cold storage, if they
are to be kept through February and
March.
The orchard that J. H. W. talks of
seeding to buckwheat for chicken and
bog pasture would not appeal to me, as
I would not like to sow any grain
crop in an orchard with the intention
of allowing the grain to ripen. If it is
intended for a green crop alone, to fur¬
nish green food for the chickens, then I
would advise sowing Crimson clover or
rye. These would make Winter protec¬
tion for the soil, and could be turned
under early in the Spring, and the or¬
chard kept cultivated until July, when it
can be seeded again. Hogs are apt to
girdle the trees and tear up the roots
unless the bodies of the trees are pro¬
tected from their teeth, and the ground
be protected from their nose by strong
wire rings. The plan that most of our
large orchardists follow, is to plow early
in Spring, and then with a Cutaway,
spring-tooth and smoothing -harrows
keep the ground thoroughly cultivated
and pulverized, forming a dust mulch
that retains the moisture and insures
a healthy growth and the bringing to
perfection the crop of fruit. After July
1 to 15 cultivation is stopped and clover,
rye or some cover crop is planted, while
others allow the weeds to grow and pro¬
tect the soil without any cost for seed.
E. S. BLACK.
WOOD ASHES AND THE POTATO SCAB.
I undertook some experiments, commenc¬
ing in the Spring of 1908 and continuing
three seasons, namely, 1908, 1909 and 1910,
for the purpose of determining to what ex¬
tent, if any, the application of wood ashes
would cause potato scab. The ground that
was selected for the experiment is a sandy
loam and the place where the trimmings
from the orchard and vineyard had been
burned for a great many years, and the
ashes had accumulated until they were
several inches higher than the surround¬
ing land. Here was a spot that had been
sterilized by fire, so to speak, and also had
a large quantity of ashes in the soil, so
much so that the land showed distinctly a
great amount after having been plowed-
The potatoes that were used for the ex¬
periment were Cobbler, and apparently
were free from scab ; but were not treated
for the disease. They were planted in
hills, 2x3 feet, and kept well cultivated
during the growing season. One of the
most noticeable things during the growing
season was the great vigor of the vines, as
compared with the same variety planted
in another place and similar soil, that did
not have the “fire treatment” and ashes.
After the vines were dead about the middle
of October, the potatoes were dug, and a
finer lot of tubers one could not ask for ;
extra large, numerous, smooth and free
from scab. The potatoes were stored and
kept separate from others of the same va¬
riety, on account of their fine appearance,
to be used for seed the next year, and thus
ended the experiment for 1908. The ex¬
periments of 1909 and 1910 were conducted
on the same ground, using seed of the
previous year’s growth, with no treatment
for the prevention of the scab, and with
similar results ; namely, fine large, smooth
potatoes free from scab.
Other experiments were made in a field
that had potatoes planted on it the year
previous, and had shown that the disease
was present on the potatoes. In this ex¬
periment the seed potatoes were treated
before cutting, with formaldehyde 40 per
cent., half pint to 15 gallons water, for
two hours, being put into a sack and im¬
mersed in a cask for that length of time,
and then taken out and dried before cut¬
ting. After the ground had been fitted fur¬
rows were made with a shovel plow about
three feet apart and the seed pieces put in
the bottom of the furrow 15 inches apart;
and before covering, half a pint of hard¬
wood unleached ashes was put on to each
piece, and then covered with earth, leaving
every other row without the ashes, so as
to note the result during the growing sea¬
son, and at digging time. It was a mis¬
take to put the caustic ashes in direct
contact with the seed potatoes, as it pre¬
vented them from sprouting, and some hills
were missing, but so far as the potatoes
were concerned at digging time, no differ¬
ence could be observed in the rows that
had been treated with ashes or left with¬
out. The potatoes were large, smooth, and
apparently free from scab in all the rows.
From experiments made thus far the con¬
clusion would be, that the potato scab is
perpetuated by being planted in ground
that had previously been affected, with seed
that is affected ; by boxes and barrels or
sacks that have been inoculated in hand¬
ling or storing ; and that the mere presence
of wood ashes, even in large quantities,
would not be sufficient to cause the scab ;
that it never comes from nothing, or orig¬
inates spontaneously, but must have a liv¬
ing germ or seed and proper environment
to perpetuate itself. Therein lies the hope
of the potato grower, that by selecting seed
that is free from the disease and using the
proper remedies at planting time, he can
control, and possibly eradicate the potato
scab from his land. henry b. spencer.
Cuyahoga Co., Ohio.
R. N.-Y. — It is not claimed that wood
ashes “cause scab.” The claim is that this
scab is a germ disease spreading and de¬
veloping not unlike a skin disease in hu¬
man or brute. Experiment has shown that
those germs, like many others, thrive and
spread much faster m an alkaline soil
than where the soil is sour. In this respect
they are like the Alfalfa or clover germs.
Wood ashes contain lime, and this sweet¬
ens the soil, and thus the scab germs are
more likely to be troublesome where ashes
are used. That is what both scientific men
and practical farmers claim and there are
manv experiments which prove it. We
might just as well claim that lime causes
or produces the germs which make Alfalfa
so valuable. It does not do anything of
the sort, but gives those germs a better
chance to grow and spread. Many cases
have been reported to us where lime was
used heavily, yet the Alfalfa was close to
a failure. That was because there were
no germs in the soil.
We would give that same explanation for
the case where the soil was turned over.
The action of the fire destroyed all scab
germs. The seed was clean and there could
be no scab. We had a case like this some
years ago. A farmer in Michigan reported
the heavy use of ashes on burned-over land,
yet there was no scab. We had samples
of this soil sent to an experiment station,
and it was impossible to find any scab
germs in it. Under such conditions, of
course, there could be no scab, no matter
how much ashes were used. It would not
be safe to take such exceptional cases for
the rule. In most old land scab germs may
be found, and it will be found safer to
use other forms of potash on potatoes and
the wood ashes on clover or grass.
THE OTTO GASOLENE ENGINE
was made fox* service and economy.
We liave been making engines fox* 35 yeai*s and tliere are
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THE OTTO GAS ENGINE WORKS,
3304 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
gasoline, distillate, any fuel oil, perfectly — without change
Cheapest, Safest, Simplest
POWER
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Astonishing success. More power gallon for gallon. Hun¬
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Double duty tank revolutionizes cooling
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WE SELL FARMS in Oceana, best County in U. S.
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NEW YORK STATE FARMS, all sizes and in
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it l, A I TV Svracnse.N.Y.
Anyway,
Try this
DIGGER.
Saves you at least 15
cents a bushel on the cost of .
digging. Gets the potatoes out
of the ground clean and -whole.
All sizes. Elevator diggers for large
fields. Success Jr. for small patches. <
Write for new catalogue of Diggers
. and Farm Machinery and let us tell
you how you can try a Farquhar. . ni(
A. It. KARQCIIAR CO., Ltd. -a™’
Box 200 York. l’a.
1
61ateJ)ollcir^
*
Put slate on your root and you'll keep dollars in your
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equals
SHELDON’S lcb
GREEN AND PURPLE
for durability, strength and economy.
The first cost no greater than high-priced prepared
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will not melt— not affected liv climate. Our free book I
"The Roof Question” tells why. Write us today about |
your wants. Special prices on car lots.
F.'C. Sheldon Slate Co. Granville, N.Y.
is like a lot of people you and I know. It improves on acquain¬
tance. You must know it to appreciate it. i
It’s just a fine, substantial, solid looking engine and when thi
hard work comes it quietly wades in and does it.
The Waterloo Boy 22 ZIZZLZZ
than you ever expected. You can always depend on it. You
know what it will do. It is so simple your 10 year old boy
can be engineer with perfect success.
The old reliable fly-ball governor keeps the speed steady. It has a patented
mixer and new positive igniter. Automatic fuel regulation makes it economical.
The speed lever will vary the speed trom 50 to 75 revolutions while running.
Starts easy in winter, always ready without fuss or bucking, open jacket, frost
proof. Nearly all parts interchangeable.
Farmers are “boosting” Waterloo Boys more than any other engine. Docs
that prove anything?
| Buttercup Cream Separator
leads the world in efficiency — it skims out 99 — 99-100% of the
cream. It is a standard tested machine and one of the first to com¬
bine the wing and disc principles of skimming. It is low
down, with heavy base, convenient, light running — has large bow', easy to
clean. Construction simple Jew working parts, very durable.
You will buy these machines when you know them and will like them better
every day you use them. They will prove your most dependable friends on
the farm. Test them at our risk. We send them on 30 DAYS FREE
Trial because we want you to know them before you buy
them. They are GUARANTEED FOR 6 YEARS.
Our record protects you — 18 years of making
good, of dealing square, of keeping our promises,
right down to the slightest detail.
Let us tel! you more. Our catalogs are free.
Write today.
Waterloo Gasoline
Engine Company,
184 W. 3rd Ave.,
Waterloo, Iowa.
1911.
399
THAT WEST VIRGINIA POULTRY PLANT.
I would like to know more about con¬
struction of the poultry houses referred to
on page 153. a. d.
Our building is 345 feet long divided
into 23 compartments by two-inch mesh
poultry wire. The rooms are 15x15 feet
square, six feet six inches to bottom
of upper joist which are 2x8 inches. On
account of the unevenness of the ground
the building is three feet off the surface
at places while at others it is not more
than 10 inches. As soon as the sills
were laid and the joists put on we be¬
gan to fortify against rats by nailing
boards against sills between joists to
leave no room for rats to stand. We
laid both floors with rough oak boards,
lower floor was then covered with two-
ply tar paper, with seven-eightlis-inch
tongucd and grooved dressed lumber.
Upper floor was covered with building-
paper with three-eighths-inch hoards on
top of it. Upper floor for two feet from
front edge was laid with matched floor¬
ing where grain bin was made. This
bin is 345 feet long and cut up with
plank partitions, four bins to the room.
Of course the 2x4 inch studding were
put up as soon as the lower joists were
placed. In the diagram below F shows
the weather-boarding, one-half by six-
inch stuff. The space four inches wide
and about two feet from studding to
studding is used as a chute to carry
grain down from bin H onto floor of
chute C between studding. This floor
is run out and forms a hopper at B
(dotted line is grain running down),
which has a lid on hinges. This little
bin is eight inches wide from studding,
eight inches deep at front and six
inches deep at back. Plank F are let
run down lower than front or in put¬
ting corn or wheat in above it will raise
lid and run out. D is plank to carry
grain over between studding. F is plank
and holds it in there. In every room
we let the ground feed (or mash) run
down through hole at C to floor at G,
which is set in between studding and let
project out to A, about 3 inches, and
a hopper made so as to hold ground
dry mash and let the hens help them¬
selves. On second floor at H the bin
is 18 inches high and ceiled up on in¬
side of studding so as to hold a heavy
load off weather boardings. Down the
chute there is building paper under
the weather hoarding with )4x6 to pro¬
tect paper from grain. The sides of this
building have building paper under
weatherboarding and under plank that
are against studding on inside, or in
other words, building paper on both
sides of studding and filled in between
papers with sawdust and tamped down
fairly tight. There are two bins be¬
tween each window on the front and
two windows, whole sash 10x12 glass on
hinges, to each room, with two-inch
mesh wire over glass on inside and one-
inch mesh wire over one window frame
outside. Doors between rooms all swing
both ways except every third room,
which has a solid hoard partition to
THE RURAb
check drafts. Droppings boards are
close to back wall, suspended on wire,
as are roosts, 10 inches above droppings
board. A pipe line runs over front
edge of droppings board just under
joists with a down pipe for spigot in
each room where we get all the fresh
water we want and good for man or
hen.
Our house upstairs is seven feet front
and four feet back. Were I building
again I would make it eight feet front
and five feet hack. Our bins have a car
running over them on a track 18 inches
wide made of 2x2-inch oak, one rail on
edge of bin. The car is 16 inches long,
divided into six compartments, each
holding two bushels, with sliding bot¬
tom which makes unloading easy. On
the back side of upper floor we have a
continuous bin where we keep dry earth
to go down through chutes to drop¬
pings board by pulling a slide. With a
small hand scoop we spread it a little
and the hens do the rest. Our mill ad¬
joins at one end of poultry building by
a small porch which is 6x6 feet. The
mill is 20x30 feet with two stories. Bins
on first floor are set off from wall about
12 inches. On second floor they go to
the studding, hut no flooring between
studding to let a mouse or rat sit or
stand on, so they have to be in sight
in this mill. Adjoining mill is our corn
crib between which we stand our 15
horsepower engine. Machinery is on
first floor of mill, with elevators to
carry ground mash up to car on second
floor. a. r. m’neill.
West Virginia.
NEW-VORKER
“Madam, may I ask you to remove
your hatpin?” “Sir, you are rude.”
“Doubtless, madam, doubtless, but the
discomfort of standing in a swaying car
with your hatpin through the rim of my
ear must be my excuse. Perhaps my
ear is too large anyhow.” — Philadelphia
Ledger.
“Say, boss, I worked off some of that
cold-storage butter to-day,” said the new
clerk, with the air of one who expected
a compliment. “Indeed ! Well, that’s
good ! Who drew the prize ?” said the
pleased grocer, for it was getting to be
a difficult thing to do. “Why, I sent it
to Mrs. Plash around on Broad street.”
“Oh, thundering guns !” exclaimed the
grocer, his tone changed and his face
drawn in a pucker. “Why, you blamed
idiot, I board at that woman’s house !” — ‘
Lippincott’s.
DAILY
OUTPUT
18,000
BBLS.
YEARLY
OUTPUT
OVER
6,500,000
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
Big Bargains in
QUAKER CITY
FEED MULLS _
Send your name for money saving prices on 41-year
standard grinders. Book shows complete line. We
pay the freight.
No Money Down
Liberal Free Trial
Prove to yourself how superior
Quaker City Mills are. Grind
everything from corn with
husks to graham Hour, lfnotas
you expect, return at our ex- \y-
pense. Get Freo Book at once
and pick your style. Address
A. G. STRAUB COMPANY
3737 Filbert St., Phila.. Pa.
or The Machinery Warehouao
3707 S. Ashland Are., Chicago I1L
Have You Ever
Bought a Buggy by Mail?
Perhaps you are afraid there's a chance of being dissatis- a §
fied? Maybe you think there may be some mistake— -that
you wouldn't get the buggy you want— or that it's a compli-
cated transaction? Perhaps the dealer in your town has \® ** 0
lead you to believe you will be cheated, or that you can’t save * **
money? Let us tell \ 0 • **
you something ! Buy- ** a a
ing from a factory by
mail through this ad¬
vertisement of Phelps,
maker of
Amm
Haff
I Guarantee
ning gear to be made of triple
, A grade Straight Grained
Split Hickory— the same grado
exactly as this spoke which
I send unpainted as a
sample of the mate
rial used with
every Buggy
I ship.
Split Hickory Vehicles
-■■■■; -V*
1 v
is the safest, most economical, easiest and most
satisfactory way. You get just the Buggy you want,
made to your order— just as you want it. You can’t
run the slightest risk. First, because Phelps and his
big factory are behind every claim he makes. Second,
because every paper, in which he advertises, knows him
to be responsible, knows he fulfills every statement he
makes and that he protects their subscribers, or they
wouldn’t run his advertisements. Don’t you want
Phelps Free Buggy Book for 1911 ?
It’s his only salesman. No dealer or middleman
of any kind has ever had a cent’s profit on a single
one of the 140,000 vehicles Phelps has sold on this
plan. He has taken off of the price all of these
. — profits and given them to his customers. This
buggy book is a big display room showing 125 styles of vehicles of every kind. More than
you could find in ten big towns or 25 dealers’ stores. In this book Phelps tells you all about
how a good buggy should be made and what it should be
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pieces and shows with big photographs every point
about it. Why not get acquainted with this method of
doing business? Why not get acquainted with Phelps?
The book doesn’t cost you anything— he sends it free. You
are under no obligations to buy. All of his vehicles are sold
subject to 30 days’ free road test — with a two years’ guarantee.
PI is whole proposition is too long to make in this ad. Why not
write a postal today for the book?
H. C. PHELPS, President
The Ohio Carriage Mrg. Co.
station 290, COLUMBUS, OHIO
Largest Factory in the World Helling Vehicles
Direct to Consumer.
trusted
-y _
“Pittsburgh Perfect”
Wire Fencing is best all through.
The wire is drawn from a special quality of open
* ^ hearth material — tough, pliable, strong, long lived
WIRE like old-time iron wire. It is the finest fencing
wire possible to manufacture.
Galvanizing heavily galvanized by our own new and perfect
Perfect process, the wire is positively moisture-proof.
The fact that
All Stay Wires and Line Wires are Electrically Welded
not only eliminates the weakening and THE WELD
moisture - gathering wraps, clamps
and ties, but practically transforms
the fence into one piece of perfor¬
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Sectional view — Amalgamation perfect. No team
No Waste Wire There is no waste wire to make useless weight;
instead, heavier wire is used and all the weight
NoWaste Weight is fence. Stay wires being of the same size as
line wires, the
“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence is the Strongest in the World
EVERY ROD GUARANTEED PERFECT
Catalogue showing 73 different styles and sizes, adapted to every purpose— FIELD,
FARM, RANCH, LAWN, POULTRY — Sent free on request. Sold by dealers everywhere
PITTSBURGH STEEL CO.
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Makers of
Pittsburgh PERFECT” brands of Barbed Wire, bright, annealed
and galvanized Wire, Fence Staples, standard Wire Nails and
* ‘Pittsburgh PERFECT” Fencing.
•400
THE RURAL* NEW-YORKER
March 25,
HANDLING SEEDLING POTATOES.
E. W. L., Lisle, N. Y. — I have on hand
several kinds of seedling potatoes which I
have grown for the past three years. Home
of these are, I believe, valuable commercial
varieties. As this is the first time I have
developed seedlings I should like your ad¬
vice as to the proper method of placing
them on the market. I should prefer com¬
plete sale of my interest in them to the in¬
troducer.
Ans. — Seedling potatoes, like straw¬
berries and peaches, are readily grown,
and often show considerable local merit
under the careful manipulation of the
raiser, but unless the new varieties
really possess distinctive and lasting
merit, as shown by extended trials in
different localities and under varying
cultural conditions, they are scarcely
suited for commercial introduction. If
prematurely forced on the public they
soon drop from notice. Reputable seeds¬
men are slow to undertake the ex¬
ploitation of such novelties until con¬
vinced of their positive merits. It is
the originator’s privilege so to demon¬
strate, by evidence of successful trials,
the superiority of his product that there
can remain little doubt as to the pro¬
priety of commercially offering it to the
public. Under such circumstances it
should not be difficult to interest a com¬
petent introducer by either correspond¬
ence or personal appeal. Be sure you
have “the goods” before opening nego¬
tiations, as far too many untested novel¬
ties are offered every year, and the po¬
tato appears especially prone to rapid
deterioration when its seedling varie¬
ties are intensively propagated by tuber
division. As to the mode of compensa¬
tion, an outright sale is generally pro-
ferable to a share or royalty on the
proceeds. The price to be paid for such
novelties is entirely a matter of per¬
sonal arrangement between originator
and introducer. As a matter of fact
few plant novelties ever directly com¬
pensate either the raiser or distributer
for their efforts, but there are a few
brilliant exceptions to this rule. Very
few potatoes in recent years have proved
more valuable than R. N.-Y. No. 2. Mr.
Carman received $200 for the entire
stock of this remarkable potato.
w. v. F.
A Well in Sandy Soil.
C. W. K., Massachusetts. — On page 126
Charles L. Cook, Long Island, says he has
a well of eight-inch tiling, 51 feet deep. I
would like to know how that eight-inch hole
was made, and how the tile was put in.
Ans. — Probably this well is in sandy
soil where there are few if any stones
or rocks. In such locations a sand pump
is used; as the sand and water are
pumped out pipe of terra cotta is put in
the hole around the pump tube, and
pushed down by attaching new joints at
the top. The sand pump lifts out the
soil around the bottom of the casing
pipe and it is pushed on down into the
opening. Of course this plan is used only
in light soils free from stone.
A Cheap Brown Paint.
R. (No Address). — Can we safely use a
mixture of crude petroleum and Venetian
1 as paint for old, weatherbeaten build¬
ings?
Ans. — For a cheap paint crude pe¬
troleum and Venetian red applied to old
weatherbeaten buildings is very satisfac¬
tory. Mix the two a few days before
using, stirring same every day, as it
takes some time for the oil to penetrate
or become affiliated with the dry color.
Before applying to building add about
one quart of naphtha to one gallon of
mixture. I would advise using linseed
oil mixed with the red, to which add one
pint of Japan dryer to one gallon of
paint, for doors and casings, as the crude
oil and red are slow in drying. H. H.
Killing Sumach. — For many years I have
tried to kill sumach, but it would start
up again. Finally I started a fire through
it ; all went down before the fire, trees,
alders, chokecherries and sumach, not a
sprout of it ever came up. There is good
grass there now. I burn all my land after
it is cleared of wood, for I find where there
is wood-dust or decaying wood, grass will
not grow well. J. H.
Litchfield, Conn.
THE CONCENTRATED LIME - SULPHUR
MIXTURE.
My attention has been called to an arti¬
cle appearing on pages 100-161. The article
is signed “IV. II.." and is in reply to an
inquiry by .1. \V. K. in regard to the manu¬
facture of lime-sulphur. W. II. recommends
the formula, SO pounds sulphur, 40 pounds
lime and 50 gallons water, based upon ex-
pe.riments conducted by the New V ork Agri¬
cultural Experiment Station, claiming “that
the amounts set forth are the greatest ones
that will enter into solution with 50 gal¬
lons of water; consequently any greater
amounts of lime and sulphur do not add
to the strength of the mixture, but do add
to the sediment.” He further claims that
the solution so made will test “ a little
over 28 degrees Baume.” As some of the
prominent orchardists of Michigan are de¬
manding why, in the light of these state¬
ments, we are recommending a formula call¬
ing for more lime and sulphur to 50 gal¬
lons of water I desire to call attention
to some inaccuracies in the above state¬
ments.
In the first place, the claims as set forth
are not the claims of the New York Sta¬
tion authorities. Iu Bulletin 239 of the
New York Agricultural Station the formula
36 pounds lime, 80 pounds sulphur and 50
gallons of water are recommended, and the
claim is made that with this formula a
greater percentage of the lime and sulphur
used goes into solution than when larger
proportions of lime and sulphur are taken.
Furthermore, a lime-sulphur solution testing
28 degrees B. should contain approximately
21 per cent sulphur in solution. Now 50
gallons of water will weigh about 415
pounds, and with 40 pounds of lime and 80
pounds of sulphur added to this we would
have as a final product, a solution, pro¬
vided all the lime and sulphur were dis¬
solved, weighing about 535 pounds. It
may easily be figured then, that the very
highest percentage of sulphur possible
would be slightly less than 15, but as every¬
one knows, who has had experience In mak¬
ing this solution, it is a practical impos¬
sibility to bring about a perfect solution
of all the ingredients, consequently, in prac¬
tice the strength of the solution would be
even less than theory.
The writer made a lime-sulphur solution
on a small scale in the laboratory, using
the above proportions, and the resulting
solution had a Baume reading of 23.6 de¬
grees, and contained 14.56 per cent, sulphur.
This is slightly less than the theoretical
amount. Most commercial preparations of
lime-sulphur sold in Michigan have a Baume
reading of 32 to 33 degrees, and contain
from 25 to 26 per cent soluble sulphur. This
means that more than 130 pounds of sul¬
phur are contained in 50 gallons of solu¬
tion. A sample of the solution has been
prepared in our laboratory testing 36.8
degrees B., and containing 27.83 per cent,
soluble sulphur. It is plainly evident, there¬
fore, that very much larger amounts of lime
and sulphur may be brought into solution
with 50 gallons of water than are called
for in the formula recommended by W. If.
From the standpoint of economy the writer
believes it wiser to prepare solutions of
greater concentration than is possible by
the formula 40-80-50, for by so doing a
saving is effected ill labor and fuel and
cost of receptacles for storing the solution.
By using the formula 60-120-50 the same
amount of sulphur may be brought into
solution in two boilings as would be dis¬
solved In three boilings with the 40-80-50
formula. The expense of boiling one batch
of solution is saved, besides the cost of one
barrel. This saving would amount nearly
to the cost of 50 gallons of the weaker
solution. ANDREW J. PATTEN.
Chemist, Mich. Exp. Station.
Dissolving Corrosive Sublimate. —
Those who employ the method that .7. 1’.
Stewart gives on page 308 for the treat¬
ment of rot in apple trees, following the
infection of fire blight, should take care
not to use a metal vessel when dissolving
the tablets of corrosive sublimate in water.
Glass, crockery or agate ware may be used
for this purpose, but corrosive sublimate
quickly eats iuto tin or iron, and in so
doing is itself decomposed, so that it loses
its disinfecting properties. w. r. f.
When You Buy
Implements
You have to be convinced that they are
the best you can get.
How About Clothes?
Do you take the first suit that looks well
and seems to be of good serviceable
material ? You’re liable to be disap¬
pointed if you do.
Woodhull, Goodale & Bull Clothes are
made of good materials by skilled work¬
men according to the latest styles.
We’ll give you a new garment for any
one bearing our label, if it proves unsat¬
isfactory.
Our beautiful new book shows all the
newest styles for Spring and Summer.
It’s FREE.
Send for it be¬
fore you buy
that new suit.
Woodhull,
Goodale
& Bull
200 West Willow
Street
SYRACUSE,
N. Y.
PEAR
PSYLLA
The worst enemy of the Pear growers can
not be controlled with lime sulphur, but
t *
9 9
used in the Spring just before leafing will not only
control the Psylla but San Jose Scale and all
fungus troubles controllable in the dormant season.
PRICES: In barrels and half barrels, 60c per gallon; 10
: gallon cans, $6.00; 6 gallon cans, $3 .20 ; 1 gallon cans, 8100.
Conclusive proofs in Booklets, "Orchard Dividends ” and
l "Modern Methods of Harvesting. Grading and Packing
| Apples.” Both free.
If you want cheap oils, our “CARBOLEIN'E” at 30c
per gallon is the equal of anything else.
li. G. PK ATT CO., Mfg. Chemists,
50 Church St., New York City.
barrel sprayer
■ READY TO USE
Can be drawn on sled or wagon, by one horse,
through orchard or garden. ,
Pump is entirely outside of barrel and solutions,
and is similar to the one on our Combination. Field
Orchard Sprayer-100 to 12f»pounds pres¬
sure-one or two leads of hose-conven-
iontcheck valves— no leather packing.
50 gallon, horizontal barrel— no dan¬
ger of upsetting whether empty or
filled— nothing inside but the dasher.
Ask us quick for
information on this
latest addition to the
IRON ME
lin. of Farm and
Garden Implements.
BATEMAN;
M’F'G CO.
Box 102-S
Crenloch,
New Jarsoy
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
Don’t Put Off Painting —
It Will Prove Costly
The longer you put off painting
the more oil and lead the job
will take.
While you wait your buildings
rot, exposed to the weather.
The cost of paint made of
<<
Dutch Boy Painter
»»
white lead and pure linseed oil is Dot
so high as you may think.
For an average house, the cost now
of this genuine old-fashioned, mixed-
to-order pure white lead paint is not
more than &4 or $5 greater than it
used to be. Much cheaper than
repair bills.
Write for our free
“ Painting Helps No. 1008 ”
NATIONAL LEAD
COMPANY
New York Cleveland CJiicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
(John T. Lewis A Bros. Co-,
Philadelphia)
(National Rad and Oil Co.,
Pittsburgh)
Safeguard your homo. The DODD SYSTEM of
protection Is the standard. Only system endorsed
by 2000 insurance companies. Lowers in-urance
rates. A gents wanted. Fine, large Lightning Book
with vivid lightning scenes, free. Address
DODD & STRUTHERS, 437 6th Ave., Des Moines, la*
SPRAY
FRUITS AND
FIELD CROPS
and do whitewashing in most effectual, economical,
rapid waj. Satisfaction guarautoed. BROWN’S
POWER R Auto-Sprays
No. 1 , shown here. Is fitted with Auto-Pop Noxxle—
doos work of 3 ordinary sprayers. Endorsed i»y Bx-
I periment Stations and 800,000 others. 4<> styles and
/ sixes of hand and power sprayers— -also prices
- and valuable Spraying guido Iu our Froo Book.
Write postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
2 8 Jay St , Rochester, N. Y.
AN IDEAL FARM
AND HOME IN
THE SOUTH
Thousands of Acres— Rich,
Black Sandy Loam Soil; Virgin
Lands, fronting on the ocean.
A new country opened
up by the completion of
_ _ _ a large railroad system.
Finest climate in the world; Summer all Winter
and Winter all Summer. Low priced lands.
Low freight rates, and quick transportation to the
great Eastern cities. Only twelve hours from New
York. It only costs twenty-five cents to take
a ban-el of potatoes to twenty million people.
Write us for Free Illustrated Booklet, Maps, etc.
Address WT. W. CROXTON, G.P.A., Norfolk
Southern R. R., Dept. D, Norfolk, Va.
CAROLINA
COAST
COUNTRY
CIRCULAR 45
PROLONGING the LIFE of FENCE POSTS
Now ready for free distribution.
Full and complete data on brush and tank treat¬
ment of fence or vineyard posts to prevent their
decay by use of Avenarius Carbolineum, the wood
preserver in constant use since 1875. Write
CARBOLINEUM WOOD PRESERVING CO.
181 Franklin Street. New York. N. Y.
-m KING SPREADER
TRY IT
FOR
US.
TAKE
AGENCY
AND
GET A
v_
Distributes Lime, Ashes, Fertilizers,
Bone Meal and fine Compost evenly !
from joo lbs- to 2 tons to acre. I n Three
sizes, cleans itself. Simple, best made. ,
I We prove our confidence by terms. !
KING WEEDER CO., Richmond, Va
SAMPLE AT NO MONEY COST PLAN
ONLY
$15.00
25.00
35.00
Freight
Paid.
I NEW ENGLAND CORN GROWERS l
The Coe-Mortimer Grand Prize of $500
FOR THE MOST PROFITABLE ACRE OF
FIELD CORN IS OPEN TO ALL OF YOU
It makes no difference whose fertilizer you use, or how much per acre.
The Plan of Competition is given in The Rural New-Yorker for March 4th.
Read it and get ready to compete.
Copy of plan and our handsome Memorandum Booklet sent free on request.
(Competition will close on or before November 1st, 1911.)
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers of the Celebrated
E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS
& PER UVIAN BRANDS
24-26 Stone Street
New York City
THE RU RAL NEW-YORKER
401
1911.
A NEARLY YEAR -AROUND VEGETABLE
GARDEN.
I shall endeavor to give you a brief
history of how I used vegetables from
my garden every month from April to
March. In September, 1909, I sowed
some spinach in between the strawberry
rows. After the ground was frozen I
mulched the berries with long stable
manure. This furnished some little pro¬
tection for the spinach. On February 22
I planted some lettuce seed in a cold
frame. Lettuce plants I set in the
open ground on April 2. Some lettuce
was left in the frame, and this was
ready for use in April, not waiting for
it to head but using the leaves. April 7
I began to use spinach ; on the 16th used
first lettuce, and on the 28th we used
the first rhubarb. These three consti¬
tuted the variety for April. On May 4
we ate our first radishes and picked the
first ripe strawberries on the 18th ; five
varieties of truck in May. June 4 pulled
our first beets; on June 8 used our first
peas; dug potatoes on June 25, and' ate
beans on June 28; these four additional
gave us a list of nine in June.
On July 8 used our first sugar corn,
Peep o' Day variety; tomatoes on the
12th, squash on the 20th, pumpkin on the
25th, so that in July we had green and
wax beans, peas, lettuce, beets, potatoes,
rhubarb, onions, corn, tomatoes, squash
and pumpkin ; 12 varieties of truck that
month. August 1 we added cucumbers
and Lima beans to our bill of fare, also
radishes during the month. The only
new dishes added in September were
eggplant and celery. Peppers and cab¬
bage came in October. Potatoes were
dug on July 3 and furnished our supply
until February 1. We had radishes un¬
til the ground froze. On November 2
we picked all the green tomatoes off
the vines and spread out newspapers on
cement bottom of cellar, and laid the
tomatoes on these papers, always hand¬
ling very carefully. As the tomatoes
ripened we continued to use them into
early January, when they were ex¬
hausted. On Thanksgiving Day I dug
trench beside Winter Queen celery, and
setting other celery beside it two roots
wide I pulled soil to the roots of the
dug celery, and then placing pieces of
thin boards to keep the dirt from the
stalks, I banked up soil outside these
boards to their tops. Then I put 12-inch
boards on top ‘of this bank, and farther
apart than the inside boards, and filled
between the top boards with leaves, j
placing boards on top to keep the water
off. When the weather got colder 1
bound my stalks in bundles and laid the
bundles so as to protect the celery all
I could. When I want to get some celery
to use I remove the top board and un- '
cover the leaves, dig the celery wanted,
replace the leaves and boards. I have
been using celery every week since Sep¬
tember 17. We have also had parsnips
right along as we needed them since
the ground was first frozen, as we
think a parsnip is lacking in sweetness
of flavor until frozen. I dig a few at a
time as wanted for use.
I am writing this on March 8 and I
yet have celery and parsnips enough ;
to last until I need to clear the ground
for 1911 crops. Some may say that my '
list is very limited, which is true, but it
could very readily be increased if you
care for some other varieties. 1 am
situated in New Jersey in the latitude
of Philadelphia. You see that it is now
more than 11 months since I began,
which makes it nearly a year-around
garden. stanton kirkbride.
New Jersey.
An Arkansas Lawn.
C. H. A., Ozark, Ark.- — Just two years
ago I came to Arkansas to build up a farm
home, and chose the Ozarks in the north¬
west part of the State. I have a level,
fertile plot of ground that I wish to de¬
vote to shrubs, trees, vines and flowers,
and convert into a lawn. Can a man of
moderate means keep up a lawn of one
acre and do a reasonable amount of farm¬
ing, considering that above yard is full of
shrubs, etc.? How often does Bermuda
grass have to be mowed to maintain a
smooth, rich, velvety surface?
Ans. — When once started there is no
reason why a man of moderate means
cannot keep an acre of lawn in good
order while doing his farm work. Ber¬
muda grass should be mown as other
grasses as fast as the machine will catch
it. But it is only a sun-loving and hot
weather grass. Bermuda will make a
good Summer lawn if not too much
shaded, but it will not grow in the shade
of trees or shrubbery, and it is brown
all Winter. You would far better make
the lawn of a mixture of Red-top, Rhode
Island Bent grass and Blue grass in
equal parts, and use seed enough to
make the soil gray all over. I use
about five bushels of grass seed an acre
for a lawn, and rake it in nicely and roll
if the soil is dry. Then start the lawn
mower as soon as the grass is tall
enough to catch, and in all favorable
weather mow once a week, and leave
all the cut grass to settle down and
help the sod. Tf the grass is cut fre¬
quently you will not have to rake it,
and it is far better to leave the cut
grass as a mulch. An annual top-dress¬
ing of bone meal will keep the grass
in good shape. Do not be afraid that
Blue grass will not do there. I had a
lawn at the North Carolina Station in
a warmer climate than the Ozarks and
fully exposed to the sun, and I had there
a sod of Kentucky Blue grass as
springy as a mattress, no grass ever be¬
ing raked off. A light dressing of lime
once in five years will greatly help the
grass. The Red-top and the Rhode Is¬
land grass will come in faster than the
Blue grass, but the Blue grass will
finally make the sod, and it will grow
in shade where the Bermuda will not.
W. F. MASSEY.
“A penny mouse trap, please. And
let me have it quickly, as I want to catch
a train !” — London Opinion.
Bub: “Father, who was Shylock?”
Father: “Shame on you, Bub! Go study
your Bible !” — Purple Cow.
ORCHARD CULTIVATOR
THE FORKNER LIGHT DRAFT HARROW
is the only perfect Halit tunning wheel cultivator
ever ottered for orchard work. Each section is
so easily manipulated with levers that a small
hoy can operate it and cultivate perfectly 20 acres
per day with one team of medium weight. With
this harrow one team can easily do the work of
two teams with ordinary harrows. Works well
in stumpy or stony land and does not clog with
loose grass, roots, etc. Its extension of 11 ft.,
•* ‘2 tt. each side of the team, enables perfect dust
mulching near the tree trunks without disturb-
ing the branches or fruit, and eliminates tho use
of the hoe. One machine will work 101) acres of
orchard and keep it in garden tilth. These ma¬
chines are labor savers and will reduce your
cultivating expenses one-half, even if you have
but live or ten acres of orchard. Full particu¬
lars on request. Address
LIGHT DRAFT HARROW COMPANY, Marshalltown, Iowa
T
dark.
AKE a look at the picture above.
Notice the prosperous farmer who
has just returned from town after
He is in the act of lighting up his
barn and the space in front with same
light his family is using in the house.
This he does without a match of any
kind.
He simply walks up and pulls a little
short chain, and presto, he has it — a flood
of beautiful, white Acetylene Light.
If you have ever lived on a farm you
will appreciate the advantages, the com¬
fort and the satisfaction of a barn light
that can be turned on without a match.
You can probably recall many a cold
winter night when you came home numb
with the cold, and with fingers all thumbs
tried to unbutton two coats to find a
match, which you tried to scratch on a
damp board. After which you probably
fought a few rounds with a smoky light¬
ning-bug lantern, and put in an hour
doing chores, that you could have done in
half the time with such a light as the one
shown in the picture.
* * *
In many cases farmers have a light put
on the back porch where it can be in¬
stantly turned on to illuminate the yard,
and a light in the cow barn to make milk¬
ing easy, as well as one inside and one in
front of the horse barn.
All these lights come in mighty handy,
too, when there is trouble among the
stock, or a sick animal to take care of
through the night.
These barn and out-building lights are
of course enclosed in solid globes, and
can be fastened anywhere they are
wanted — in front of the stalls, in the har¬
ness room, to the barn ceiling, to a post,
or the top of any door, inside or outside.
It may surprise you
to know that just \ \\ 1 f / /
such lighting plants
as the one we have
illustrated have been
installed in over 185,- '//T'
900 farm and eoun- ' > ‘
try homes in the
United States.
In every case an
automatic tank-like machine, called
a generator, is set up in one cor¬
ner of the basement, or in an out¬
building, and from this machine the
Acetylene which makes the light is car¬
ried through common gas pipes to hand
some chandeliers in every room in the
house and to other lights located all
over the place.
That’s all there is to an Acetylene
Light Plant. Just the generator, the
pipes, and the fixtures.
Such a plant can be set up in from
two to four days by any man who
can cut and fit pipe, and without incon¬
veniencing the family, or injuring walls
or carets.
* * *
As a matter of fact, enclosed Acetylene
Burners, permanently fixed to walls, ceil¬
ing and posts and equipped to light by
the pull of a chain without matches, are
the safest lights ever installed on a farm.
Most fires on farms are caused by the
careless handling of lanterns and matches
by hired help.
Consequently, any scheme of lighting
that can be operated without matches,
lanterns or lamps reduces the risk of fire
to the minimum.
And that is why the engineers of the
National Board of Fire Underwriters
have declared Acetylene Light to be much
safer than the tip-over lights it is so
rapidly displacing.
Add to these features of safety the
fact that the light, volume considered,
costs less than Kerosene.
And the fact that it is made from
UNION CARBIDE, a form of crushed
stone that will not burn and is as easily
stored as brick.
And the fact that you, yourself, can in
20 minutes make all the Acetylene you
need to light your place one month.
# * #
Sum all these facts up and you will
see that this light is a convenience YOU
WANT and that you should write to us
today for estimate as to the cost of this
wonderful rural gas
light for your own
farm.
We will gladly send
figures and very inter¬
esting illustrated
booklets, free. Just
tell us where your
place is located, give
us an idea of its size
and address your letter or postal to
Union Carbide Sales Co., 157
Michigan Avenue, Chicago, II l*
Department I, — 38.
A HARNESS
THAT OUTLIVES THE
HORSE
Our catalogue accurately illustrates over
75 Styles of harness for all purposes. Prices
are wholesale — saves $10 to SI 5 on every harness.
Only best oalc-tat»ned leather is used. Every harness
guaranteed for five years Catalogue F free.
King Harness Co., 6 Lako St., Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y
Stump Puller
Warranted tho most practical machine made. One man can lilt
20 tuns. 3 Styles. 10 sizes. *25 and lip. Screw. Cable or llan.1
Power. We make cheapest TILE DITCHER and Hie best
Pasii Slai uactap ever sold. One horse cuts 2 rows.
UUI II llul VCdtCi One man. No twine. On trial.
Agents wanted. Our new Ol page Catalog FREE. Write todnv.
R. L. BENNETT & COMPANY, WESTERVILLE, OHIO.
FUMA
fiiR^HIlA A kins Prairie Dogs,
Woodchucks, Gophers,
and G r a i n I nsects .
"The wheels of tho gods
grind slow but exceed¬
ingly small.” So the weevil, but yon can stop their
with “Fuma Carbon Bisulphide are doing.
EDWARD K. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.
LiTThE Walter was always carefully
guarded against germs. The telephone
was _ sprayed, the drinking utensils
sterilized, and public conveyances and
places were forbidden him. “Father,”
he said one night, in a tone of despera¬
tion, do you know what I am going
to do when I grow up?” “What?”
asked his father, preparing himself for
the worst. “I’m going to eat a germ.” —
Success.
MA KEJSA RDENSNG EASY
It’a a pleasure to make gam
den the IKON AUK WAV
no back breaking nnd grubbing with
an old-fashioned hoo if you have our -c
No. l’JC Wheel Cultivator and Plow. In,
five minutes you can do work that would ,
require an hour the old way— that isn't nil.
you do better work and insuro bigger crops
Cost $3.25. Has four attachments.
IRON ACE
Gardenl
Tools
include a complete line of Wheel Hoes, j
Hand Drills, Fertilizer Distributors. etc.J
Prices, 82.50 to $12.00. A boy or girl <
operate them. Write to-day for our TothJ
Anniversary Catalogue showing also
potato machinery, orchard and
other tools.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
Box 1024
IT BREAKS YOUR BACK
to pump water, grind feed, shell corn, cut wood, etc.,
after working hard all day.
llmHE COOLED
QUICKER --EASIER — BETTER --CHEAPER
Let us Tell you how. Ask for our Catalog 5.
140 ho
SHERIDAN ST. LAMSIKQ, KfCMlGAK. If.S.A. SHERIDAN ST.
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U.S. PATENT OFFICE.
A
ONI
FEC"
^KTILtZEfl^
. . . SODKI.Y MANUFACTURED BY . . .
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Middletown, Conn.,
Send for Free Almanac telling all about
the Hubbard “Hone Base” Fertilizers.
>ON
HUBBARD’S
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ALMANAC
I 9 If
Now ready for distribution.
Mailed free to any address.
402
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Hope Farm Notes
The middle of March finds Hope
Farm with a muddy but expectant face.
The frost is still below in the ground,
but the upper three inches freezes and
thaws every 24 hours. This is what
plays havoc with the uncovered straw¬
berries. They are lifted a little during
the cold night. The day’s thaw settles
the soil away from them and night gives
them another tug at the roots. If this is
kept up long enough the root is finally
exposed to the wind and damage is
done. Where the plants are fully cov¬
ered with manure or straw the ground
does not freeze and thaw in this way,
and thus the plants are protected. Our
large hill plants are not likely to suffer,
since they are firmly rooted. Where
plants are full of weeds and grass they
do not lift so much, but this is a poor
argument against clean culture. Our
berries all look well except the potted
plan t s which were set out late. We did
not dare put them out during the
drought. They made but little growth,
and some of them will fail to show up
•in Spring. Yet the strawberry plant has
a strong vitality. We potted some
plants last August, but the ground was
so dry they made but a feeble growth,
and did not seem worth keeping. Some
of them were left right ,in the pots. 1
find that these pots were lifted and
thrown out of the soil. They now lie
on the surface of the ground; but the
little plants are still alive— with a mass
of bright roots inside the pot.
Prizetaker Onions.— We have 12
sashes planted to Prizetaker seed. A
shallow pit was . dug and a fair coat of
manure put in. Then we took rich soil
or black muck from a low spot, and
mixed it with lime. This was put on
top of the manure, and the onion seed
sown in drill about four inches apart.
The seedlings will be kept clean and
when the bulb is about the size of a
lead pencil they will be transplanted to
the open ground. We have a piece of
strong ground just below the spring.
For many years this land was wet and
soggy, giving only a poor bit of pasture.
Last year we ditched it and put in tile
and stone drains. Late in the season
we grew a good crop of cabbage on this
land. It will be plowed early and limed.
Then the stones will be picked up and
put in the open ditches into which the
ales drain. The soil will be smoothed
: nd graded, and probably about May 1,
when the onion seedlings are ready,
i.icy will be transplanted, about four
inches in the drill, which will be 18
inches apart. This will mean over 80,000
seedlings to the acre. We put them
close so as to work with hand cultiva¬
tors. It is no place for a horse among
such a crop. This field slopes a little,
and in order to prevent damage from
washing we shall build a low dyke or
terrace at the upper end to carry off
the water, and probably one or two more
through the field. Now if I had some¬
thing to sell 1 might offer a “system”
We could say that out of 80,000 plants
75,000 are sure to grow. We have pro¬
duced onions weighing two pounds or
over — therefore we are sure of 150,000
' pounds, or 75 tons of onions. As such
onions are cheap at five cents a pound,
we have $7500 coming from the acre!
, Now that is just as sensible as some of
this poultry “system” figuring. We
make no claims whatever. We shall do
out best to attend to the details, but
sad experience stands at every corner
with a sharp barb to remind us that
life is the most fleeting kind of a show.
We need the money from a prize record
for the “red heads” and “tow heads”
and all the rest, but I would not make
any bet on the outcome.
Leading Cows. — When I told about
escorting that Florida cow home you re¬
member I said that no doubt the expert
cow men would have made an easy job
of it. Sure enough, they come forward
with various “sure cures.” Here are
three of them:
Why did you not put a horse halter on
her head and to it tie securely a folded
phosphate sack over her face, and a six-
year Seminole could have driven her anj
where, and been home with her at 5.30
p m A well blindfolded cow is your meat
to order. When you had her hitched to
the hind axle-tree of your wagon, had you
taken a second rope and tied firmly about
her body behind the shoulder, and then
passed between the forward legs and run
the long end through the hitch rope and
then on to the axle tree, tying it so to be
six inches shorter than the halter rope, that
cow would have kept up with the wagon
and never planted a foot the whole distance,
and probably pushed the wagon forward
some and saved the horses, and a vast
amount of unthinkable thoughts and switch¬
ing and she would have given a gallon
of milk, possibly more. Tie a 1 5-foot rope
snugly with a non-slip knot about her horns,
then slip the long end up under the rope in
front of the horns and take up all the
slack, having one ear come in the loop.
A cow will do anything rather than have
her ear cut off with a rope, and you could
have led her home with one hand.
Well, gentlemen, it is not my place to
dispute your statements, but it would
do me lots of good to see you tackle a
Florida cow with any such contrivances.
My backing would go on the cow! You
are figuring on cows that have been tied
in barns as their ancestors were before
them. Those Florida cows are too close
to the jungle. I am willing to let these
men remain firm in the conviction that
they can lead a wild Florida cow in any
such way, but when they get ready to
practice their theories I will gladly pay
$10 for a front seat at the exhibition,
with the privilege of making comments.
New Garden. — Our folks in Florida
have had fresh vegetables for some time.
When they come back they will be ready
for anything. We believe in feeding
children on vegetables and fruit rather
than on meat, and so we are doubling
up the area in garden. The newest
place is an old chicken yard where the
liens • have run for several years. It is
naturally good soil — sod when the hens
went in to clean it up. There is a little
depression through the center. This will
be the place for a .wide ditch into which
the stones will be raked. /.Phis will make
the place level. Then it will be plowed
deep and limed and raked and harrowed
smooth. Our plan is to crowd this piece
hard with double cropping, both to see
how much one can get out of such a
garden, and also to show the children
what can be done with thorough cul¬
ture. The articles which Mr. Stanton
Kirkbride is writing for The R. N.-Y.
are good for farmers to read.. In most
country families there is some one who
takes -to gardening and who has a little
spare time. It may be an elderly man
or woman, or some one not able to do
heavy work. If such people could take
a piece of strong land and carry it
through as a garden they would be sur¬
prised to see how much they help the
family. They would help the farm also,
because their garden would be a stand¬
ing argument in favor of better culture
of the soil. Our seeds are all coming
on ready for transplanting and we plan
to get at least 50 per cent of our Sum¬
mer’s food out of the garden. Another
way in which we think we are ahead is
ill the wood pile. It is a great nuis¬
ance to be obliged to stop through the
Summer to cut wood. We hauled down
some 20 cords of wood and had it cut
up with a power saw. It will be under
cover through the Summer, and all ready
for fuel. When the boys get back from
the South they will rejoice at this wood
pile — until they find that the time for¬
merly spent at cutting wood will now be
spent in the onion patch.
The Fruit. — At this writing prospects
could hardly be better. The trees are
crowded with plump fruit buds, and
there is practically no scale to lie found.
Our dangers lie in late frost, locusts
and Codling worms. As we are situ¬
ated the frost cannot be fought very
successfully, since there is such free air
drainage that we could hardly hold the
heat around the trees. As for the
locusts, it is hard to get exact facts
about the injury they will do. No one
here seems to be sure what they did
when they were here before. I shall
try some experiments in spraying a
weak lime-sulphur wash with extra lime
added. This ought to be a good turkey
year with us, as these birds are very
fond of the locusts. We shall probably
increase our flock of White Hollands.
The Codling worm is the worst pest we
have. It is harder to fight than the
scale, especially on our high trees. We
expect to use dilute lime-sulphur with
arsenate o'f lead added— giving two
sprayings at least. This is our apple
year, and the older trees are alive with
buds. The younger trees are also com¬
ing on, and we know full well that if
the poison is not properly used there
will be at least 80 per cent of wormy
fruit- I plan to get all the help I can
and put on the spray at once, when the
time is ripe for it. Our young orchards
of apple on the hill look thrifty and
well. Most of them are now seeded to
rye. I expect to put clover all over this
rye and then plow a strip about six feet
wide on each side of the tree rows.
These strips will be fertilized and kept
well cultivated. The middles will be
kept in rye and clover and cut either
for hay or for piling around the trees as
needed. The time is now about here
when we drop out all cultivated crops
between the trees on the hill, and give
them all the ground. It has been my
plan from the first to- do this and then
crowd a few acres of the lower farm
hard with such crops as onions, straw¬
berries, celery, etc., as we learn how to
grow them. On the whole, it looks like
a good season ahead of us. H. w. c.
CHAMOIS
SKIN
kha51
E
The Strongest 50c. Work Shirt Made
Government test proved that khaki was the best ma
terial for U. S. Army wear, and personal test will prove
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khaki with the soft “chamois skin’’ finish is the best work
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At your dealer's; if he can't supply you, send us his
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THE PRESIDENT SHIRT CO.
121 Wyoming St., Baltimore, Md.
57
BUSHELS MORE
POTATOES
PER ACRE
Where Planted Witl*
IRON ME
^ d-lu; l Averago results obtained in a careful, thorough test
(Improved Robbins) egainst a Ticker” planter by Maine State Experimen-
PfllSilft r*i31’T§4>l® tat Station, in 1910. Ask ns quick (or the proof— wo
* v will send you now bona fide copy o their report in
Bulletin No. 188, which wil I be ready about March 15 th. Shows exact results Also, corn- 4=5 _
'parison of level culture, high and moderate ridging. 10 ' per cent, perfect plantingis what
you want — no doubles, no misses, no injury to seed. Address, Man on rear sent makes
BATEMAS MT'6 CO. Box 102M Orenloch. N.J. correction, only.
Refill with Well-Bred Seed
Raise it yourself or buy it on the cob
Then remember that the best-bred corn
can produce only nubbins if it does not
have food. Supplement the clover sod and
barnyard manure with 50 to 100 pounds of
muriate of
and 200 to 300 pounds acid phosphate
per acre, broadcasted before harrowing.
It will pay to also drill in with the
seed 75 to 100 pounds per acre of Kainit
to keep away cut-worms and root-lice.
In this way Potash Pays.
Write us for prices.
GERMAN KALI WORKS, Incorporated
Continental Bldg., Baltimore Monadnock Block, Chicago
Whitney Central Bank Bldg., New Orleans
The David Bradley Manure Spreader
([Judge for yourself the value of the exclusive and special features of
the Bradley Manure Spreader. The spreader not having them cannot
give perfect satisfaction.
<JA full page picture could not reveal the superior points of the Brad¬
ley, but a trip through the factory would afford you no more complete
information than does our Book of David Bradley Farm Implements.
Eccentric Feed; simple, silent, accurate,
no wear or lost motio.i, self lubricating,
spreads thin dressing or heavy coat.
Double Chain Drive; each chain engages
seven sprocket teeth and is Held securely on
sprocket by positive leeks on idler arm;
chains cannot jump.
Endless Steel Apron; self cleaning; runs
In two angle steel protecting tracks fastened
inside heavy body sills.
Feed Ratchet works apron by double pawl,
one to pull and the other to hold.
Watertight Box, bottom made of matched
first quality yellow pine, mounted on heavy
sills with four girts mortised through. Low
down, easv to load. Wider at rear; no
friction- load automatically released; no
bothersome force feed. Box easily removed
and truck used for other hauling.
Light Draft: two horses do the work of
three and do it better. A boy can run it.
Levers strong and heavy with malleable
iron racks. Stanch connecting rods.
Scat of comfortable design, mounted on
spring standard, swings forward for loading.
hat Two Bradley Users Say.
Home Route No. 3. Box 28, St. Charles, Mo.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, HI.
Gentlemen:— My 13-year old boy runs my
David Bradley Spreader. I would not do
without it. Have spread straw, dry and
wet ; some stalk fodder, long and short,
wet, heavy and dry; it handles all the same.
Two horses handle the spreader easily, and it
works as good as any other spreader 1 have ever
seen. It has not gl en me a minute’s trouble and
is so simple In construction that I cannot see
much to wear out about It. I use it for a
spreader and farm wagon, and now have it on an
< Id truck that Is not til to go on the roads with
and it works all r'ght. 1 saved at least $15. Jo
on the spreader, and also a big wagon bill.
Yours truly, BEN P. FETSCH.
Gentlemen We have tried the Bradley Ma¬
nure Spreader purchased from you and are
much pleased with it. Quite an improvement
over the spreader I purchased from you some
three years ago. although that gave good satis¬
faction. The Bradley is stronger and better
made. The eccentric feed regulator beats any¬
thing I have ever seen on any spreader, making
the spreader run smooth and almost noiseless.
The angle steel track under body which supports
conveyor chain Is just the tiling. The automatic
lock which holds the drive chain down on
sprockets is to my way of thinking the slickest
device for its purpose yet Invented. Two horses
handle the Bradley with ease.
Yours very sincerely.
D. CKONK.
([Refer to our big General Catalog for pictures, complete descriptions
and prices of David Bradley spreaders, plows, harrows, planters, culti¬
vators, etc., the farm tools backed by eighty years of knowing how; or
send today for our Book of David Bradley Farm Implements.
We can always sup->!y promptly any repair part for any Bradley
implement, no matter when or where bought.
ANDCQ
CHICAGO
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
403
Ruralisms
LAYING OUT HOME GROUNDS.
T. F. Y., Huntsville, 2f. J. — The diagram
below gives a rough plan of my house and
grounds, in part, for advice or suggestion.
I have an old place, and have been brush¬
ing it up a little. As you will see, the
plan changed the old garden, or put the
garden elsewhere, leaving a plot 50x100
feet in a very conspicuous place unoccu¬
pied. I would like advice as to the most
desirable way to use it. I would like to
make it the beauty spot of the place, but
don't know how to go about it. I have
little knowledge of flowers, or flowering
vines, etc.
Ans. — The plan shows a newly
sodded plot, southeast of dwelling and
conspicuously placed by the roadside.
It appears to be practically surrounded,
though not greatly shaded, by elms,
maples and spruces of 40 or more years’
growth, which should afford a good
background for ornamental plantings.
As this plot was formerly used as a
household garden, it is assumed the soil
is in good condition and that the grade
is satisfactory. As to the character of
the plantings, this becomes largely a
matter of the owner’s individuality and
taste in selection, arrangement and cul¬
tivation. A great variety of ornamental
shrubs for front rows and massing:
Berberis Thunbergii ; Deutzia gracilis,
Clethra alnifolia ; Spiraeas, Callosa
Alba and Anthony YVaterer; Rugosa
roses, Blanc Double de Coubert, Mme.
Georges Bruant and Souvenir de Pierre
Leperdrieux. Other reliable, hardy
roses would be : Hybrid sweetbrier, Meg
Merrilies, crimson ; Mme. Plantier,
white; Magna Charta, deep rose and
Harrison’s Yellow, bright ye.'low.
The most desirable hardy perennials
giving a long succession of bloom would
be: Aquilegia in variety; Campanulas;
Delphiniums; Dielytra spectabilis
(bleeding heart) ; Digitalis or fox¬
glove; the various hardy pinks or Dian-
thus; the Funkia or plantain lily;
Coreopsis lanceolata grandiflora; Eryn-
gium or sea holly; Hemerocallis or yel¬
low day lily; hollyhocks; lilies; Lychnis
Chalcedonica ; Myosotis or forget-me-
nots ; paeonies and hardy Phloxes in
variety; Veronica amethystina and
Yucca filamentosa. A few bright flow¬
ering annuals, such as Asters, Calliopsis,
Chinese pinks, marigolds, nasturtiums.
Petunias, Phlox Drummondii, poppies,
Salvias and Verbenas, as well as Cannas,
Dahlias and Gladioli, may properly find
place in such a garden, and a variety of
Spring flowering hardy bulbs : Crocus,
tulips, hyacinths and daffodils, will
surely be needed, but the ordinary
Summer bedding and short-lived foliage
plants should be avoided. A garden
newly soooeo old c a ftp eh
so x! oo feet.
6
13
1
£
t
HQU
ss
PLAN FOR A PRIVATE LAWN. Fir.. 135.
I
I
plants may be well grown in central
New Jersey, but the number that can
be accommodated with good effect on a
plot 50x100 feet is not large. The owner
or gardener should make a study of
local conditions and make his selections
from the shrubs and plants that thrive
best in his locality, arranging them to
show well from the roadway, but not
. too greatly to interfere with the out¬
look from the dwelling, and also to
avoid overcrowding of too stiff and
formal groupings. With these points
in mind it is possible to develop a
“beauty spot” that may favorably com¬
pare with any in the neighborhood. The
owner should procure catalogues from
the nurseryman and plant dealers ad¬
vertising in The R. N.-Y. He will find
in them a wealth of reliable information
concerning ornamental shrubs and
plants — their height, habit, form, color
and season of bloom, hardiness, dura¬
tion, proper distances for planting, soil
requirements, etc., that can scarcely be
had from other sources. I offered a
list of desirable plants, but repeat the
final selection and arrangement should
be made entirely from the local stand¬
point. No one at a distance can intel¬
ligently advise in these matters.
Shrubs growing from five to eight
feet high for planting near eastern
boundary: Althaea or Rose of Sharon;
Deutzia Crenata ; Forsythia Fortunei ;
honeysuckle, white Tartarian; Hydran¬
gea paniculata grandiflora ; Kerria
Japonica; lilacs, white and purple; pur¬
ple fringe tree (Cotinus Cotinus) ;
scarlet quince; Spiraea prunifolia and
S. Billardii; Viburnum plicatum and
Weigelas rosea and Candida. Dwarf
worth having is worth all the thought,
labor and energy needed to create and
develop it, and should prove a “joy for¬
ever” to the fortunate owner, whose life
interests will surely expand with the
growth of his cherished plants. Such
work can never be successfully dele¬
gated to another. w. v. f.
A Mulched Peach Orchard.
M. W. D., IK. Northfleld Muss. — Will the
correspondent who si'gned G. W. I\, Wilton,
A'. II., give the particulars of that Carman
peach orchard of his, such as location,
method of planting and pruning, how ferti¬
lized and sprayed V Also if he has had ex¬
perience with other varieties in our latitude
(southern N'ew Hampshire).
Ans. — Regarding my Carman orchard
of 100 trees, the field on which they
were set produced but little hay, not
having been plowed for 12 years. Being
on a hillside that was liable to wash
badly when plowed, I thought it an ideal
spot to try the sod grass mulch system.
The trees were set 12 feet apart, a small
amount of ground bone, potash and ni¬
trate of soda was given each tree. What
grass grew was mowed and placed
around the trees. Every tree lived and
made a good growth. The second year
the grass crop being light, I bought
baled hay to mulch the orchard. The
third year from setting they bore a few
baskets; 1909 we picked 300 baskets;
1910 picked 400 baskets. The peaches
were very large and well colored. Trees
have been cut back and fruit thinned
each year ; sprayed when buds were dor¬
mant. I Have applied chemicals each
year; last season used basic slag, leaving
out bone. While these trees have not
borne as much fruit or made as much
growth as my orchards of the same age
that have had clean culture, the labor
and expense of caring' for them has been
less. The Carman is the most hardy
in bud of any variety I have grown ; Old-
mixon next, Crawford and Elberta less
hardy. My orchards have had a crop
for the past five years, which is perhaps
as well as other New England orchards.
G. W. P.
Get 98% or Better
Perfect Fruit
_ There will be no “off year” for your trees if you cultivate them
right and protect them against all insect enemies with
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead
(in Powdered Form)
It is certain death to all leaf-eating insects. You can depend absolutely on dry
Electro Arsenate of Lead because it is the only one in amorphous (non-crystalline) form.
Mixes instantly with water and stays long in suspension — or can be used as a dust. Rain
cannot wash it off. We guarantee it to contain 32)4-33% arsenic oxide — twice the
strength of other brands — yet it will not harm the tenderest foliage because it contains
less than of i% water-soluble arsenic. Prove it from tests at Conn, and N. J. Agri.
Exper. Stations. Write us for them.
Send for folder on Electro, interesting to all fruit growers. Folder on Electro Lime
Sulphur tells how to use this solution which is certain death to San Jose
Scale and sucking insects and the best fungicide for summer treatment.
Buy Electro brands from your dealer , but if he cannot supply , send to
us for prices and proofs and name of nearest distributor.
THE VREELANO CHEMICAL CO.
32 Church Street, New York
POTATO
SPRAYERS
233 Bushels
more per acre by
Spraying
That is what the
New York Kxper-^.
iment Station ....
reports as a to
year average
Gain by Spray. '
ing potatoes.
Don’t let
blight, scab,
rot, and
bugs cut
yonr crop
' all t
ff.T
5U. V\3<
in half — but get a HURST Sprayer and
make all the Money yon are really entitled to for
yonr work out of your Potatoes or fruit. Spray
first, then if you bny. Pay Us out of the “Extra Pro¬
fit.” These sprayers Spray Anything, potatoes,
orchards, vineyards, truck (4 to o rows at a time).
“Man-power and horse-power.” Powerful pres¬
sure. Easy on man and horse. Strong and
durable. Brass valves, plunger, strainer, etc.
Guaranteed for 5 Years.
Shipped on Free Trial
without a cent in advance. No bank deposit,
‘no strings” to our trial offer. Wholesale prices.
We pay Freight.
W ri to ns a letter or card
and tell us which mach¬
ine you are interested
in, and you’ll get free onr
valuable Spraying Guide
— .Catalog— and ottrspec-
lal Free Offer to first in
each locality this season.
Be first to write us.
H. L. HURST MFG. CO..
288 NORTH ST.. CANTON, OHIO
fpfW
SPRAYING is effect.
ive only when well
done. Goulds Sprayers
are famous all over the
world — even at slightly
higher price — because
they are best designed
and built for effective
spraying, and made
proof against the corro¬
sion of spray solutions.
Write for Our Book
“How to Spray — When to Spray —
What Sprayer to Use”
hull of valuable spray formulas and inter¬
esting information.
THE GOULDS MFG. CO.
RH West Fall Street, Seneca Falls, N.Y.
We make Pumps for Every Purpose
1911 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS
IO Years of Success
FRIEND FRUIT GROWER : Uncle Sam says
you must spray. Users of the Deyo are relieved
from experimenting. After ton years of service the
Deyo is still giving perfect satisfaction. Our cus¬
tomers are our reference, ask the user. We sell
direct to you. Deyo pays all freights to Missis¬
sippi River shipping points. Write for catalogue 19.
DEY0-MACKY ENGINE CO., Binghamton, N. Y.
QET THE BEST
A Good Spray Pump earns
big profits and lasts for years.
THE ECLIPSE
is a good pump. As
practical fruit grow-
| ers we were using common
j sprayers in our own orchards
j — found their defects and
j invented the Eclipse. Its
I success forced us to manu¬
facturing on a largj scaie.
You take no chances. We
have done all the experi¬
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog
and Treatise on spraying FREE.
MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor. Mich.
“ONE FOR ALL,” No. I
OlATH TO IM.CCTS \ FUN Ol
Barrels, 425 per Ilk
H Bbls. .200 lbs.. 05 a +
O. O NEW YORK
Wool Greene, Areenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur*
Combined. A Contact and Poison Spray.
Ah Insecticide & Fungicide.
Only Thing Needed for all Pests or Fungus.
WRITE FOR BOOKLET.
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
Establieiiod 1863
(SI Front Street. New York
QDGA V Adopted by the N.Y. State Fruit Growers' Ass'n
wrllHI it wifi. p\\ you to use either.
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS »»o AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
t » - — USE
——JILL
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
14 BAYVIEW AVE..JERSEY CITY. N.J
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
CULTIVATE OFTEN
and you hold the moisture
in the ground. Cultivate
•hallow or deep as the crop
needs it and you release tho
forgotten or unknown soil
properties which are needed
to make t tie crop grow prop¬
erly. We have been niakin,
farm tools for 75 years tun
think we have ns good a lino
of Itiding Cultivators os you
need to chooso from.
1S0HAHE
RIDING GUms
lire long-lived machines — adjustable for rows 28 to 50
inches, while in motion— teeth adjustable for depth and
angle— pivot or fixed wheel, one row or two— high or low
wheels— work well on hillsides— farm closo
audtrue. A complete line. Our Anuivcr-
sary Catalog will 6how you— also, potato
machinery, garden wheel hoes and drills
etc. Address
PATEMAN M'F’G GO.
Bent 1027 _ QRENLOCH.N. J.
Steel Wheels-
That’s So 1 Hired hands are
getting scarcer every day:
but LOW DOWN STEEL
WHEELS will help to taka
their place. Then, too, the
sun don't affect a steel wheel
'like it does the best of hired
Jhelp. More brain and less
nanscle nowadays. Cata¬
logue free to you.
HAVANA METAL WHEEL GO.
Box 17, Havana, 111.
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them are without
experience, but they arc able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of them speak German. If yon can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
stating what you will pay, whether the work is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. & I. A. S.. 171 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
404
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 25,
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
Published weekly by the Rnral Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, New York,
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or 8*2 marks, or 10 'e francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates fiO cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timi
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cr.sk must accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in ourcolumns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will wo be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us v, itliin one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
Some of the Congressmen seem to have picked up a
new one. Instead of “careful consideration” they now
promise to give careful study. It is progress from
consideration to study, and an entire lifetime can be
spent in studying without learning a thing !
*
We hope every farmer in New York will help
push the Collin bill through the Legislature. This
is the bill printed on page 329. It has been amended
so as to prevent a commission man from selling goods
to his relatives or partners, and thus playing a shell
game on the shipper. The bill will help us in two
ways. It will give us a chance to know just what
becomes of our goods, and also give the figures to
show who gets the 65 cents which drop out of the
consumer’s dollar before it gets to a farmer. Do
your best to help pass this bill. Get after your Sen¬
ator in particular.
*
The tobacco growers in Connecticut have long
believed that for their crop vegetable forms of nitro¬
gen must be used. This has led to the use of cotton¬
seed meal in large quantities. Dr. E. H. Jenkins of
the Connecticut Experiment Station says that nearly
$120,000 worth of this meal was used in the State
last year. Out of 157 samples 63 were found below
the guarantee in nitrogen. The average price is $5
per ton more than the previous year, while the per
cent of nitrogen was less. The meal is largely adulter¬
ated, and the price has gone up until nitrogen in this
form costs nearly 25 cents a pound. This is the
limit, and growers should try other forms of nitrogen,
like ground fish, dried blood or fine sheep manure.
No use living on a tradition after it becomes a bank¬
rupt Do not burn money on the altar of prejudice!
*
What became of parcels post in the last Congress?
It is hard to get at all the facts, but the following
is what we understand happened: The postal bill
contained an appropriation for $50,000 to make an
experiment with parcels post on rural routes. This
bill was held up until the last moment, when it could
only be passed by “unanimous consent.” When, a
few hours before Congress ended, the postal bill came
up, Senator Bailey of Texas objected to this $50,000
appropriation. There was no time for any debate —
Senator Bailey had them in his power — and the
parcels post scheme was thrown out. Of course no
one except the gentleman from Texas knows just
what influences worked this smart trick. Half a
dozen things are mentioned — one guess is as good as
another. The one sure thing is that Congress will
never give us this privilege until we make them do it.
Let us not be discouraged, but “Up and at ’em!”
*
It seemed impossible to arrange the hen vs. cow
contest on satisfactory terms. We have, therefore,
started two hen contests. Mr. W. J. Dougan of New
Jersey has taken one pen of 10 Wyandotte hens and
another of White Leghorns. They will be kept for
one year, and careful records will be made showing
what they produce and what is done with the eggs.
This will compare the two breeds and show us just
what the 10 hens will do. Mr. Dougan may feed and
handle the hens to suit himself, and sell or hatch
the eggs as he thinks best. He is under agreement
not to sell any eggs or birds for breeding stock while
the test is on. The hens are to be credited with the
production of food value only— either as eggs or meat.
In addition to this Mr. Geo. E. Walter, Jr., of Vir¬
ginia, will test a pen of Leghorns for one year. This
pen includes “Queen Lily” whose picture and record
we have printed, some of her daughters and one of
her sons. These hens will be trap-nested and the
suitable eggs used for hatching breeding stock. Of
course this is “rank inbreeding,” but we shall all learn
something from it aside from the earning power of 10
hens kept for breeding purposes. We expect to print
regular reports, which will be open for discussion.
Now, if any of the cow men want to come in and
keep a year’s record in a friendly way, they are
welcome.
*
We are on record as saying that within 15 years
the exports of nuts and fruits from this country will
equal or surpass those of wheat. In 1901 nut and
fruit exports reached $8,279,213. Last year this had
risen to $23,023,586. Apples led with $5,456,000 worth
of green and $1,847,000 worth of dried. We have
hardly begun to ship apples abroad. On page 405
are some figures of the German trade. The Germans
like our apples and want more of them, but we must
learn to handle and pack so as to suit our customers.
Imports of fruit have also grown. In 1901 we im¬
ported about $20,000,000 worth. Last year the figures
were $25,800,000 for fruits and $13,600,000 for nuts.
You will see that the men who are urging nut culture
know what they are about, for the demand for nuts
is spreading every day. The heaviest imports are
of bananas, of which $12,433,000 were imported last
year. Some apple growers are beginning to get fright¬
ened over the great planting of orchards. With the
possibilities of foreign trade and the poor supply for
American consumers, we believe it is merely a ques¬
tion of distribution, for the demand is far ahead of
supply.
*
What with champion hens and cows and gardens
and potato diggers all at work turning out large
records and big stories, there is likely to be a riot.
Here is the exact language from one of our Massa¬
chusetts readers :
The men over in Michigan are trying to see which can
tell the biggest lie; it is no joke, they are liars, and the
R. N.-Y. should not print such “guff.” w. u. Howard.
Now, right in the same mail, and as it happened,
from exactly the same town, came the following
report :
I have seen accounts at different times in different pub¬
lications about champion potato diggers, and about Stanley
Garthe digging 105 bushels in one day of eight hours.
I know of a man, Louis Colburn, who lived at that time
in Mofflttsville, N. Y., who had to walk three miles to
the farm where he was digging potatoes for Dennis Far¬
rell on Burnt Hill, and surely he could not easily walk
that distance and work eight hours, especially in Octo¬
ber. In that time he dug 135 bushels. Another man
wanted to duplicate that amount of bushels on the same
farm, and I was the one who carried the potatoes in the
cellar; he dug 125 bushels in one day. louis arnnott.
In addition to this Mr. W. L. Hannah of Maine
says he dug 127J4 bushels in 8J-2 hours when he was
50 years old — and “can do it again.” Mr. Hannah
had three men to witness the job. As for these
Michigan champions, the reports are made by
reputable men who offer proof. Let it be plainly
understood that The R. N.-Y. has no $12 hens or
$1,000 cows or acres and we will not back one of our
associates to dig over 40 bushels of potatoes per day.
We recognize the fact that this is no evidence that
such things are impossible. Some of these champions
might come this Fall and dig the Hope Farm man’s
crop by way of exercise !
*
The controversy over potash prices seems to have
been called off for a time. The State Department is
still negotiating with the German government, but
will give out no statement of its plans. The potash
wholesale buyers or fertilizer dealers wanted the
United States Government to bring pressure upon
Germany by enforcing the highest tariff rate upon
German imported goods. They reasoned that Ger¬
many would give up her position- on the export tax
on potash rather than go into a tariff war. It does
not seem likely that President Taft would go to
such an extreme with the controversy over Canadian
ieciprocity on hand. The popular demand is for a
iower tariff, not a tariff war, and we have seen little
evidence that this Administration is particularly
anxious to help farmers. We think our people should
look for cheaper potash in the development of Ameri¬
can supplies. The United States Geological Survey
shows that some of our American rocks contain from
nine to over 16 per cent of potash. A patent has already
been taken out for making this potash available by
grinding and using a strong electric current. The
green sand marls in New Jersey contain in some
cases six per cent of potash and nearly three of phos¬
phoric acid. They were once used and might be used
again. There are deposits of potash in Western
lakes and deserts. Owens Lake in California is so
strong in minerals that it is estimated its waters
contain 8,000,000 tons of sulphate of potash. Mona
Lake, covering S5p2 square miles, has in its waters
over 10,000,000 tons of muriate of potash. These
supplies indicate that very likely potash deposits not
unlike those known in Germany exist in parts of the
country, such as Michigan, West Virginia and the
Far West. The government should waste no time
in searching for these deposits, and in testing the
process for treating rock. Farmers need potash in
their fertilizers, and it is a sin to compel them to pay
high tribute for this necessary plant food if our own
country can supply it.
*
On page 418 Mr. Axtell discusses the test of
those Guernsey cows. He thinks they should not be
expected to “come back” because :
Y'our suggestion of retesting such cows is in my opinion
quite impracticable. These cows have given the best part
of their lives to the making of these records, and have
been stimulated beyond further endurance.
We think Mr. Axtell should hunt up a stronger
argument. A search of the Guernsey records shows
that more than 70 cows have been reteste?? and in
the majority of cases they “came back” and exceeded
their first trial. On page 418 you will see what
Jersey cows have done. Now the nut of all this
discussion is, How did that nine per cent of butter
fat get into that milk ? If the cow put it there, let
her do it again. Granting that she could not repeat
her record for weight of milk, let her give some more
of this “liquid butter” in an open test where no
possible question could be raised.
*
One of the most sensible statements regarding the
proposed Canadian reciprocity is made by Henry
Wallace of Iowa. After referring to the unfair
proposition of making farm products free while manu¬
factured goods still retain the tariff, and stating what
we all believe, that the country would be better off
with a fair reduction of duties, Mr. Wallace says:
The second objection is that it is evidently but the
beginning of a series of reciprocity treaties in natural
farm products. In fact, that is the assumption at Wash¬
ington. The next thing will be a treaty with Mexico,
which will give us free cattle, free silver ore and free lead
ore as well. The ultimate object is evidently to secure
a similar treaty with Argentina. This would be deadly
to the Western farmer for the reason that Argentina
would be able to supply the entire Gulf and Atlantic
Coast States with wheat, corn and frozen meat cheaper
than they could be furnished by the farmer in the Mis¬
sissippi Valley. It is because this is the inevitable end
that we oppose the reciprocity treaty.
That is what we fear. The scheme appears to be
to “reduce the cost of living” by cheapening food if
possible. Then the argument to town and city work¬
men will be that if the tariff is kept on manufactured
goods, wages can still be kept up, while the cost of
food will be lowered. In all this scheming we can
see nothing for the farmer except what he can cut
out with his own scythe.
BREVITIES.
Remember that the germs of white diarrhoea are born
in the egg.
The way to “talk back” to the land is to give it the
argument of care and manure.
Now then, you who want that “fur-coated hen,” tell us
what objection you have to the Iloudan.
Concentrated lime-sulphur can. be used after standing
a year or more, provided it stands the hydrometer test.
“Your paper always receives my careful consideration.”
That is a new way they have of using the Congressman’s
cry.
That prize spraying contest for Illinois — see page 405, is
a good idea. The plan of a “contest” always interests
people.
Make a good bonfire of the old rubbish which accumu¬
lates around the buildings. It’s of no value — only an eye¬
sore. Burn it up.
Now we are asked liow to break a cat of the bird-
eating habit. Can it be done without breaking her neck?
In 1908 a severe frost killed the apples in Western
Nevada, and this practically cleaned out the Codling
moth.
She : “They say that an apple a day will keep the
doctor away.” He: “Why stop there? An onion a day
will keep everybody away.” — Tit-Bits.
Under a new postal rate a package weighing 11 pounds
can be sent by mail from any part of England to Abys¬
sinia for $1.09. To mail it 10 miles in this country would
cost, $1.76.
How many years can you safely plant corn in the
same ground? If you use a cover crop and fertilize well
you can keep it up until cutworms and corn smut become
too bad.
It pays to potter with vetch seed. In Massachusetts
some growers brush the plants grown for seed as they
would peas. This gives more seed — easier to save. The
value of acclimated seed is such that it will pay to do
almost anything to nurse* the first seed crop along.
There seems to be no doubt that many dairymen in
New York are. looking for a new basket to hold some of
their eggs. They will not try to depend on cows alone,
but will try an orchard, hens or fruit and vegetables on
the side. These are milk dairymen who see the consum¬
er’s dollar going to the dealers.
1911
406
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — March 8 an unknown man
touched a lighted match to a load of hay
that was passing near the long row of
icehouses of the Judkins Ice Company at
Lynn, Mass. The horses becoming fright¬
ened, ran down the road and turned in
between two of the houses, where a work¬
man managed to unhitch the horses, but
not before the ice houses were afire on
either side. Four of the ice houses were
burned. They were filled with ice, and
the loss is estimated at $10,000. At first
it was claimed the fire was incendiary, but
several persons saw the stranger set fire
to the hay as it was being driven slowly
along the road.
Lehigh County. Pa., established a
“drunkards’ blacklist” March 8, when each
saloonkeeper and hotel proprietor received
a printed list of men who have been put
in the habitually intemperate class. They
were warned not to sell liquor to any of
these men under penalty of revocation of
their licenses.
Shelton C. Burr, of the firm of Burr
Brothers, dealers in stocks and other se¬
curities, whose offices in the Flatiron
Building were raided by post office inspec¬
tors last Fall, was arraigned March 8 be¬
fore Judge llough in the Criminal Branch
of the United States Circuit Court in New
York to plead to an indictment returned
by the Federal Grand Jury charging the
use of the mails to defraud. The indict¬
ment makes the same charges against
Eugene H. Burr, secretary ; Charles H.
Tobey, vice-president, and Edwin Wesley
Preston, the Western representative of
Burr Brothers. A plea of not guilty was
entered by Shelton C. Burr personally, and
a formal plea of not guilty was made by
counsel for Eugene H. Burr, who is absent
from the city with permission of Henry
A. Wise, United States attorney.
The Ohio House of Representatives March
8 passed the Crosser bill, providing for
the initiative and referendum principle in
municipal legislation. Vigorous efforts to
amend it failed. Under tne measure eight
per cent, of the voters can initiate legisla¬
tion. The Senate, by a vote of 19 to 15,
killed the Oregon plan of electing United
States Senators.
The new power house of the Hydro-
Electric Company at Jordan, Mono County,
Cal., was destroyed March 8 by a snow-
slide which wrecked the building, killed
eight men and injured several others. The
slide, which was caused by heavy rain on
deep snow, also swept away the flumes
and ditches that brought water to the
plant. The plant, which was not fully
completed, was to furnish power to Raw-
hide, Aurora and other central Nevada
mining camps.
The hamlet of Pleasant Prairie, Wis., 50
miles north of Chicago, was wiped off tlie
map March 9 by the most terrific explo¬
sion in the history of the powder industry
in America. The site of the great woras
of the Laflin-Rand Powder Company is
marked only by a great hole in the ground.
Early estimates of the dead place the
loss of life at forty. That is the number
of men actually employed in and about
the works at the time of the blast. All
along the lake shore, down into Chicago
and on to remote points in Indiana the
earth trembled, buildings were thrown out
of plumb and men and women were ter¬
rorized by the two distinct shocks. Twice
the earth heaved upward and twice it re¬
ceded under the concussion. As far west
as Elgin the force was such as to frighten
men and women. One woman fell dead
from the shock in Elgin, others were made
hysterical and slight injuries were reported
everywhere within a radius of 100 miles
of the disaster.
Fire did nearly $75,000 damage in
Englewood, N. .1., March 10, and cut off
the telephone service. The flames gutted
the Bergen Building, occupied in part by
the Public Service Corporation, the New
York Telephone Company and as living
apartments and stores. The lire started
in the cellar.
March 11 fire in the canning and pack¬
ing departments of the Pratt Oil Company,
Williamsburg, New York, set fire to a pier
and tugboat, causing the death of the tug¬
boat engineer. For a time it looked as
though the big oil tanks would go too.
Their contents were drawn off through the
pipes leading to the refineries in Green-
point and Long Island City, but the fire¬
men kept the fire from reaching them. The
pier and the canning plant were destroyed
at a loss, so the police figured, of upward
of $100,000. The fire continued to burn
for over 24 hours.
The corporation tax provisions of the
Payne-Aldrich tariff act were sustained
March 13, as constitutional by the Su¬
preme Court of the United States. The
decision was unanimous. The opinion of
the court, which .was read by Justice Day,
regarded the tax as measured by income
rather than being a tax on income. The
decision assures the government of a
source of income amounting now to ap¬
proximately $25,000,000 annually. Of all
the objections to the tax raised by suits in
all parts of the country, none was found
sufficient to nullify the law. The court
did hold that the tax was not applicable
to the real estate “Trusts” of Boston^ which
are organized, not under any statute, but
under the common law. The law was held
not applicable to the Minneapolis syndi¬
cate, a real estate concern, on the ground
that it was not “doing business,” within
the meaning of the law.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has
turned its attention to the express com¬
panies. Within the next two or three
weeks it will announce a decision with
respect to the express business which, it
is believed, will be of as far-reacning im¬
portance <!s the recent decision denying the
railroads the privilege of increasing freight
rates. The cases soon to be decided in¬
volve the justness of express rates out of
Minneapolis and St. Paul, and certain
transcontinental rates. The transcontinen¬
tal rates under consideration were ques¬
tioned by commercial bodies on the Pacific
Coast. The forthcoming decision will be
of great importance, because it will be the
first reflection of the views of the Inter¬
state Commerce Commission with respect
to the business done by express companies,
and particularly as to the rates charged
by these companies. The expectation is
that this decision will be the forerunner
of a general investigation by the Inter¬
state Commerce Commission of the ex¬
press company business in this country.
8ueh an inquiry would cover the relations
that exist between the express companies
and the public. The legislation of tin; last
' ongress amending the interstate commerce
law brought the express companies within
the jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce
Commission. While the great railroad (uses
were pending, the commission was able to
give the express company situation only
cursory attention. Now that these ratis
cases are out of the way, the commission
is giving much of its time to the express
company.
Nearly two acres of stock sheds were
burned at Fort Worth, Texas, March 14,
killing between 500 and 1,000 head of
horses, sheep, and hogs, and seriously burn¬
ing four men. The value of the dead ani¬
mals is estimated at about $250,000 and
the property loss $50,000. The buildiugs
burned are : C. B. Team-Horse and Auto¬
mobile Company; Austin Brothers' barn;
Oatinan Brothers, horse importers, barn ;
G. A. Crouch & Son, horse importers, barn;
A. B. Ilolbert & Sons, horse importers,
barn ; W. O. RemingeV & Co., horse and
mule dealers, barn ; Fort Worth Horse and
Mule Company, barns ; hog and sheep sheds
of the Stock Yards Company, and hog shed
in the Swift yards.
After returning 37 indictments, 14 of
which were for political offences, the Ver¬
milion County (Ill.) Grand Jury was dis¬
missed March 14 by Judge Kimbrough un¬
til April 17, the day preceding the city elec¬
tion. William C. Brown, a member of the
City Election Commission, was indicted for
receiving money from a candidate to influ¬
ence his vote. The grand jury adopted
resolutions asking that a law be enacted
making the first offence for purchasing votes
disfranchisement for five years, and the
second disfranchisement for life. The reso¬
lutions assert that a most astounding state
of political corruption prevails in Ver¬
milion County, and especially in Danville
Township ; that the election laws have been
openly and frequently violated, and that
vast sums of money have frequently been
used in corrupting the electorate. It is
asserted that, owing to the suppression of
evidence and a well planned conspiracy to
conceal crime by the wholesale commission
of perjury, the corrupt politicians have
rendered it extremely difficult for the grand
jury to obtain proof of violations of the
election laws. Frequently attempts have
been made by men prominent in political
and business circles in Danville to induce
the grand jury to abandon the investiga¬
tion of the election bribery, according to
the resolutions, the apparent purpose be¬
ing to shield men high in the public serv¬
ice from exposure through indictment of
their criminal supporters.
FARM AND GARDEN. — Horse and mule
men are watching the military movements
in Texas with the closest interest, for com¬
mercial reasons. Brices are “war high”
now. and have been for three years. "It
would puzzle the country to get mules and
horses to carry on a war,” said one of the
biggest mule-traders at Kansas City. "The
stock is not to be had at any price. There
never has been a time when good stuff was
as scarce as it is to-day. We could not
begin to outfit the army with remounts
the way the British had to outfit for serv¬
ice in South Africa.”
On warrants sworn out by Special Agent
H. P. Cassidy, Swift & Co., the big meat
packers, and E. E. Hurlburt, manager of
the butter and egg department, were ar¬
rested at Philadelphia March 13 on four
charges of selling rotten eggs to George
Watkins, a butcher. Swift & Co. pleaded
guilty before Magistrate Beaton and paid
fines and costs amounting to $418. A.
Rascer, a wholesale dealer, was also ar¬
rested and paid a fine of $200 for selling
rotten eggs to Julius Stein, a butcher. A
similar charge was brought against Stoffer
Brothers, and they were held under $1,000
each pending a hearing before Magistrate
Beaton.
The United States Supreme Court, in an
opinion by Associate Justice McKenna
March 13 affirmed the judgment of the
United States Circuit Court for the North¬
ern District of Illinois in what has come
to be known as the Hipolite egg case. The
decision is a victory for the government
and will strengthen the hand of the gov¬
ernment in enforcing the food and drugs
acts. The title of the case is the Hipolite
Egg Company, claimant of 50 cases, more
or 'ess, ot preserved eggs, plaintiff in error,
against the United States. The Hipolite
firm, which has its place of business in
St. Louis, had sold the eggs to a bakery
firm in Peoria, Ill., but held them in stor¬
age subject to shipping orders from the
vendee. After the eggs had been shipped
to Peoria and were still stored in the orig¬
inal package the government seized them
as adulterated, contrary to law, having been
preserved by the addition of borax. The
Hipolite firm intervened. No contention
was made that the product was not adul¬
terated, contrary to law, but the firm con¬
tended that the Federal Court had no jur¬
isdiction under the pure food law, over
goods carried in interstate commerce, not
intended for sale, the eggs having been sold
in St. Louis and the title passed before
they entered interstate commerce, and that
there was no authority to seize the articles
after they had passed out of interstate
commerce. The eggs were to be used as
raw material in manufacturing and not for
sale. Justice McKenna held that the court
below had jurisdiction, that the food and
drugs act was in the interest of pure
health aud made contraband any products
carried in interstate commerce that had
been adulterated in violation of the law
and that the government could lawfully
pursue and destroy such goods wherever
found. _ .
Hudson Valley Apple Growers.
It would be difficult to establish a gen¬
eral apple growers’ association for the
Hudson River Valley. The apple growing
district is pretty extended, and the grow¬
ers who are enthusiastic enough to grow
the right kind of fruit are yet too few.
We do not now grow much fancy box
fruit, and I would make haste slowly in
the matter of packing in boxes under the
association idea. We must first learn how
to improve our barrel pack, and secure
for it a better reputation. There are too
many individual ideas as to what apples
should go into the barrel. Not many peo¬
ple have learned how to grade apples cor¬
rectly and with uniformity of size and
color. The association principle would re¬
quire rigid enforcement of a standard and
uniform pack for the district. I do not
see how that can be accomplished for such
a" scattered membership as we must neces¬
sarily have. I do think it perfectly feas¬
ible to organize , local associations with a
chosen membership, appointing competent
inspectors and officers to supervise all its
growing and packing operations, and feel
that an output from such a society would
soon make name and fame for itself to the
great financial gain of its members.
Dutchess Co., N. Y. w. s. teator.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
APPLE TRADE WITH GERMANY.
Consul Thackara, of Berlin. Germany,
has sent suggestions regarding the German
trade in apples and dried fruit. It ap¬
pears that while apples are largely grown
in Germany the climatic conditions are
not generally favorable for high grade
fruit, thus Germany is a large importer of
apples, the demand vaiying of course
with buying powers of the German peo¬
ple. In 1907 the Germans imported 187,-
159 long tons of apples, that is, tons
weighing 2,202% pounds. Of this 9,229
tons came from the United States. In
1910 this import fell to 122,049 tons, with
5,121 tons from this country. The heaviest
imports were from Austria and Switzerland,
although Italy sent a good many. It is
said that in December, 1910, poorer grades
of apples were peddled in the streets of
Berlin at from five to seven cents a pound.
At this time medium crops of Baldwins
and Pippins sold at eight to 11 cents a
German pound, with is 10 per cent, heavier
than our own pound. After Christmas
such varieties as Ben Davis came upon
the market. The wholesale prices for high-
grade American Baldwins ran from $7.85
to $8.35 per barrel last December. Our
American shippers can figure from this
how much of the consumer's dollar they
got. It is said that the German peo¬
ple are fond of American apples, and
they would be glad to take more of them.
Much of the fruit that goes there is said
to be poorly packed and stove-piped with
poor apples in the center of the barrel.
It appears to be the opinion of the German
buyers that the box package is the package
of the future, but that this fruit must be
sold for less than the Pacific coast fruit
brings. This report indicates that if the
barrel fruit now sent abroad could be
honestly packed in boxes and sold for
enough more above the barrel price to pay
for the packing that a very large trade in
fruit could be developed. Germany is also
a heavy buyer of dried apples, taking in
one year 1,300 or 1,400 tons. There is
no doubt but that a large trade in both
fresh and dried apples can be secured, in
Germany, provided our people study the
market and suit the customers. About
six years ago we had a call from an Aus¬
trian fruit grower who came to this coun¬
try to investigate apple culture. He spent
six months looking through American or¬
chards, and on his way back told us that
in spite of the heavy plantings here he
should go back and advise his countrymen
to plant apples heavily. His advice would
seem to be justified, since last year the
German people bought over 42,000 tons of
fresh apples from Austria. This man told
us that he did not fear American im¬
ports, as we were not careful enough to
study the needs of the German people,
either in varieties or in methods of hand¬
ling. The Austrians live close to the Ger¬
man people, knew what they wanted and
could supply it. That seems to state the
whole story in regard to the apple trade.
It is not so much a question of production
as of knowing just what Europe wants and
then supplying their wants.
The Canadian Wheat Crop.
Can you give the statistics showing how
much wheat is grown in Canada and how
much consumed by the Canadian people?
J. L. B.
The amount of wheat produced in Can¬
ada in 1910 was 149,989,600 bushels. In
1909 the production of wheat was 166,744,-
000 bushels. The quantity of wheat and
wheat flour imported into and exported
from Canada in the fiscal year ended March
31, 1910, was as follows :
Bushels.
Imports of wheat (home consump¬
tion) . 55,270
Imports of wheat flour (home
consumption) . 144,182
Total . 199,452
Exports of wheat (domestic) .... 49,741,350
Exports of wheat flour (domestic) 14,061.795
Total . 63,803,145
The flour has been computed at four
bushels and 35 pounds of grain to the bar¬
rel. I am unable to give you the con¬
sumption of wheat in Canada, but you
may make a rough estimate yourself for
the year 1909, from the figures I have
given you. No estimate of consumption
can be made for 1910, as the fiscal year
1911 does not end until the 31st of this
month, and the figures of export and im¬
port are therefore not yet complete. Infor¬
mation gathered two years ago from a
large number of correspondents in Mani-
itoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta shows that
the average consumption of wheat flour
in those provinces was 5.80 bushels per
head of the population in a year, and of
oatmeal 1.80 bushels.
Canadian Census Office. a. blue.
_ __ Chief Officer.
Vermont or Maryland.
On page 233 we find inquiry as to mer¬
its of Vermont or Maryland, with state¬
ment that there are farms on the eastern
shore of Maryland that can be bought for
$8 an acre. Well, the writer has been
here 19 years ; he could not find that cheap
farming land less than four or six times
$8 ; now you can add an 0 behind this
$8, and would not get the writer’s farm,
for all that he is nine miles from the city.
Other places situated close to city and
other farms close to water fronts, would
come to two and three times $80. The
writer says the buildings are not much. He
must have been here 25 or 80 years ago,
and then looked on the negro shanties. The
tide has changed considerably the last 10
years ; since the people come in here from
the North and West. Most have plenty of
money ; so buildings are replaced ; ‘city
people come here aud buy the water front
farms for Summer resorts. The Vermont
friend should come here now ; he would
open his eyes if he could see the change.
The answer is about right ; some came
here and soou got dissatisfied while they
could not see the chimney smoke from the
old home. > They admit that they could
do better here. Mostly it is the wife’s
fault ; but if you have friends and neigh¬
bors where you are you will have them
here also. Some of the people think this
is the garden spot of the world. A good
many things can be raised here that can¬
not be raised at other places. m. w. k.
Cordova, Md.
APPLES FOR SOUTHWEST IOWA.
I note inquiry of II. It. M., Belle I’laine,
Iowa. As not a few of us have gone
through the partial life history of an or¬
chard here in Iowa and been using the
ideas inquired about, I volunteer some re-
TYi O Y"l.- C? O C* (-A Art Art .a /, /.L. 1 1 « w r . . .. 6 1 1
luaiKUUUg JU'cU LUG* llUjUircr,
I would advise him not to use Duchess,
but Wealthy exclusively as a filler. Wealthy
is not so perishable, and as regular and
sure a cropper, and is an apple that we
have been able to hold in cold storage until
January 12. After picking Duchess there
must be quick work even to get to stor¬
age, and then three to five weeks is the
limit ; the loss is heavy while shipping,
unless everything is very favorable. The
Eastman is practically an unknown apple
in Iowa horticulture, and you would have
to work up a market aud reputation. Fa-
meuse is practically a Fall apple, and there
is yearly immense waste of Fall fruit, as
it is unsalable, and not really as good
as some of the Winter list. Next to Wealthy
Gano has been the best paying apple ; it
is nearly as bright as Jonathan, and not
so dark as Black Ben Davis, so color
gets muddy, blurred black while in storage
and confinement awaiting marketing. Next
two sorts we find are Jonathan and Rawl's
Janet. Janet is nearly as hardy in
this section (and think it is so in
Belle Plaine soil) as Wealthy. Its
value is in that it blooms two weeks
later than general list of apples ; it
is a late Winter sort. But when freeze-
outs occur that knock bloom of all standard
apples, its being so late a bloomer it is
nearly sure to crop an “off year.” 1 hit
such a crop three years ago, and the Ar¬
mour Company came here and paid me
$2.70 per barrel for all crop, culls, sec¬
onds and firsts, took everything but wet
rots. One-third of my planting made 17
years ago is this kind, and I am well
satisfied with them. It is said the ap¬
ple is too small ; this can bo overcome by
stimulation, fertilizing and thinning by
pruning small branches from limbs.
As to Gano and Jonathan, these I know
would not be strictly hardy in this loca¬
tion, but here I overcome this by setting
three-year trees of the variety called Haas
or Gros Pomier, and second year after plann¬
ing the Haas we top-grafted the limbs with
Jonathan and Gano, and find that this
arrangement makes trees good here for 60
years, as this lias been tested over 40
years in an adjoining county ; we found it
safe and profitable. The Jonathan has
the highest selling value of any apple in
western markets in fancy list, Gano in
standard cooking list. Grimes Golden has
next highest selling value in fancy list.
This can be safely planted in his orchard
if he plants Fluke’s Virginia crab or Hi¬
bernal apple as a stock and then tops them
with Grimes Golden. This is no experi¬
ment. and sure combination, and in fact
on these two stocks, you can graft most
of the list of standard Winter apples, and
they are a _ success so top-worked. But
on your soil the entire Winesap family
of apples and all seedlings of it, as Stay-
man, Senator, Arkansas Black, Mammoth
Black Twig, want to be avoided, unless it
might be possibly Stayman.
As to planting in sod I would not do
it; it will never pay. Plow your ground,
disk it half a dozen times, plant trees and
sow corn five or six years ; then clover
until bearing, and when bearing begins in
earnest to draw on vitality of trees put a
good span of draft brood mares on to a
spreader and town manure in the orchard
in Winter and in Summer raise good colts ;
spray and disk that orchard and keep it
up. If you see growth is too stroug on
trees and it is at expense of fruit bud
formation check culture by seeding to clover
and make a hog run on the orchard, not
over three pigs to acre, keeping them sleep¬
ing and eating outside to tramp the ground
temporarily and eat dropping imperfect
fruits, take up pests and vermin, and never
over-pasture or stock it with pigs nor any
stock, but make it a grazing ground for
them in early Summer and Spring ■ shut
them out as they get near market size’. One
of the best orchards as a model and study
is that of C. II. Deur, Missouri Valley, Iowa,
of 70 acres, and I advise the inquirer at
Belle Plaine to look this over carefully, as
it is in its prime, and this year wili pos¬
sibly bear ono of the best crops in its
history WM. bomberoer.
Shelby Co., Iowa.
Phizes for Orchards. — The Illinois State
Horticultural Society offers $175 in prizes
for the best work in spraying an orchard.
1 he orchard must contain not less than
2() acres all in one block. We assume that
the owner may handle the trees as he
pleases. The following “score card” will
be used in judging:
Scab .
Other fungus diseases of foliage
and fruit . 0
Ourculio . ....15 «
Codling moth . ..!!!!!! .20 “
Other insect injury to foliage and
fruit .
Freedom from spray injury . 15
Size and color of foliage. ..... .10
Size and color of fruit . 10
^The secretary is W. B. Lloyd, Kinmundy,
We are having mild weather, snow all
£o,ne> A some thunder showers already.
\\ heat and grass fields damaged on low
grounds. Lots of public sales. Horses, cat¬
tle and hogs high in price. Wheat 80
ter t ”l> C01 D’ 45 ’ °ats’ ’ eggs’ 1 c 5 but-
Snyder Co., Central Penna.
Weather too warm for the time of year,
Vouna dry : unless heavy rains come we
shall enter the growing season with a short¬
age ot moisture. Wheat not in good condi¬
tion ; some breaking done; many farms
changing hands, and many becoming tenant
farms because of this ; 898 deeds recorded
last year — stock sales very numerous ; at
one held March 8 over $3,000 was real¬
ized from the sale of dairy stock cows
ranging from $75 to $102 per head. We do
not see where the buyers can realize on such
prices Cannery business engaging attention
now; land rents run from $7 to $10 per
acre. cash. They rent about 800 acres for
their own growing. Shortage last year of
all canning products will cause big demand
this year. Stock, all kinds, high ; hogs at a
premium, especially brood sows. Sheep
more numerous than any other animals •
poultry business is assuming big proportions’
Carroll Co., Ind. j. n. H.
,20
points
5
44
15
(4
20
tl
44
15
44
10
44
10
44
406
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 25,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
TRIFLES.
The griefs that fall to every share,
The heavier sorrows that life brings,
The heart can nerve itself to bear —
Great sorrows are half holy things.
But for the ills each hour must make,
The cares with every day renewed —
It seems scarce worth the while to take
Such little things with fortitude.
And he, before whose weakened might
The strongest enemies must fall,
Is overcome by foes so slight,
He scorns to hold them foes at all.
— Author Unknown.
*
Embroidery on chiffon and other
transparent materials is much used now
and is not as difficult as it appears to a
novice. The pattern is transferred to
manila paper, and the material basted
flat and smooth over this. The em¬
broidery is then worked through both
material and foundation, the paper being
torn off afterwards. The same process
is used for braiding on net.
*
Celery sandwiches at an afternoon tea
were made by rolling a thin slice of
buttered sandwich bread around a' stick
of celery about three inches long, the
celery being seasoned with mayonnaise.
The little rolls are held in place when
first made by wrapping in paraffin paper ;
tiffin when served half a dozen or more
are tied in a little bundle with baby
ribbon, thus preventing unrolling, but
the sandwich bread usually keeps in
place if rolled while quite new.
*
Still another Alfalfa story is that an
Alfalfa diet is as fattening to humans
as to cattle, a' South Dakota man finding
that Alfalfa ex.,', act brewed from se¬
lected leaves, added to his ordinary diet,
caused a gain of IOJ/2 pounds in two
weeks. He thinks this should solve the
high cost of living unless the price of
hay should be inflated through increased
demand. Unfortunately for this theory,
gain in weight is not regarded kindly
by women at least, as all our prevailing-
fashions are planned for slim and youth¬
ful figures ; a great many women of
leisure spend much of their time in try¬
ing to keep their weight down, and a
diet which would increase flesh at the
rate of 10J4 pounds in two weeks would
be viewed with horror. There are plenty
of uses for Alfalfa which seem more
practical than fattening humans.
*
The New York police recently ar¬
rested a particularly mean swindler. His
method is to watch the papers for death
notices, and then express C. O. D. a
package addressed to some person re¬
cently deceased. Relatives or friends as¬
sume that the package is something or¬
dered by the departed and pay the
charges, to find that they have paid sev¬
eral dollars for a cheap piece of imita¬
tion jewelry, or something equally worth¬
less. The man arrested, who said he was
from York, Pa., made the mistake of
sending such a package to the address of
a Brooklyn woman, who had died at
the age of 90, after being bedridden for
several years. Her family realized that
this C. O. D. package was a fraud, and
set the police on the track. It would be
hard to find a more callous and brutal
swindler than the one who thus finds his
opportunity in grief and bereavement.
In any case it is wise to look coldly on
a C. O. D. package of unknown origin.
*
After a year’s investigation of the
industrial conditions in and about New
York City, Mrs. Oliver H. P. Belmont
has reached the conclusion that there is
an oversupply of women factory workers
and that the best relief is to persuade
girls to take up farming as an occupa¬
tion. With this end in view she has set
aside about 200 acres of her land at
Brookholt, : Hempstead, L. I., for a
school of agriculture for women. An
experienced woman farmer has been en¬
gaged to instruct the pupils in practical
farming, and there will not be a man
about the place except a boy or two to
do the chores for the first few weeks.
Young women 16 years of age and over
desiring seriously to avail themselves of
the opportunity to become experienced
gardeners and farmers may apply in
writing to the Political Equality Asso¬
ciation, 505 Fifth avenue, for admission
to the school. This brings to mind the
work of the women’s horticultural col¬
lege in England, which was originated
by the Countess of Warwick, though this
was intended especially for women of
education with small means, who would
have sufficient capital to start some form
of intensive culture as a means of liveli¬
hood. Women receive training as gar¬
deners at the Kew Royal Botanic
Garden, and advertisements of “lady
gardeners” are not uncommon in English
horticultural papers.
A Group of Young Gardeners.
The boys and girls shown in Fig. 136
appear, at first sight, like any other
happy young people engaged in making
things grow. As you look closer, how¬
ever, you notice the crutches and see
that these young gardeners are handi¬
capped in some manner as compared
with the average child. They are all
patients at the New York Hospital
the wards have their slight ailments, the
ordinary ailments incident to childhood,
the occupants of the shacks almost without
exception, escape. The improvement in the
city child, especially, who comes to us pale,
anaemic, and languishing, under the burden
of its tuberculous spine or hip or knee, is
wonderful. Our proposed new hospital is
planned to give the patients, all of them,
outdoor treatment and life, whether they
are confined to bed with tuberculosis of the
joints or whether they come to us for the
operative and mechanical treatment of such
non-inflammatory conditions, as club foot,
bow legs, knock knees, etc.
Lacking the proper quarters and means
to carry out any formal effort at manual
training, we have made the present school
system as thorough as the medical care and
treatment of the patients permit. Classified
instruction for the whole group is impossi¬
ble. Some patients enter the hospital
scarcely able to read ; others are imperfect
in many fundamental particulars. After
these patients have been with us for a
period of six months or so, they are, if
physically able, classified and brought under
systematic training. There is much mis¬
sionary effort in this class of work. Our
shack patients cannot attend school. They
can only be taught very moderately and
under prescribed conditions as to hours and
effort. But those who are convalescent
and who have been able to attend school
regularly have made rapid progress.
More About Popovers.
I would advise A. E. F., who on page
.170 asked for a remedy for moist pop¬
overs, to let them stand in the oven with
the oven door half open for 20 minutes;
then bake quickly by closing the door
YOUNG GARDENERS WITH A HANDICAP. Fig. 136,
for the Care of Crippled and Deformed
Children, in Rockland County, N. Y.
This institution is for patients in this
State only who are unable to pay for
proper medical treatment. It has been
in existence 10 years, beginning with 25
beds; last year it treated 80 patients and
many other applicants were unable to
secure treatment, because the hospital
could not care for them. We think
there is no other State institution more
and giving them all the heat they can
get. I am sure this will remedy the
trouble. Why hot gem pans? f. a. f.
The young man who went West did
well, but the young man who had the
Western spirit and stayed at home did
equally well. To evoke ,a spark of fire
out of a flint with a bit of steel is the '
same thing as evoking beautiful thoughts |
from homely facts. How hard it is for '
us to see the heroic in an act of our
neighbor !— John Burroughs.
When you write advertisers meucion Thb
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
ASK FOP.
your
is “worth
I 7
Be sure
I material
[making up
Simpson-Eddystone
Fast Hazel Brown Prints
are the brown cotton dress-
goods with cloth of supe¬
rior quality.
The experience of 65
years enables us to make
this calico in the most beau-
Utiful shade of brown abso¬
lutely unmoved by soap,
light, or perspiration. New
designs in artistic effects.
Show this advertisement to
your dealer when you order, and
don’t accept substitutes. If not
in your dealer’s stock write us
his name and address. We’ll
help him supply you.
The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Phils.
FoundedJ84^^^t^imgsonSr
Write for
FREE
Style Book
B "•=
Save $8
Suit or
Overcoat
Direct
from Mill
$10 to
$18
(Made-to-Order)
Worth
$18 to $30
You can wear clothes as stylish as can be
bought on Fifth Avenue, New York, and pay
for them at living prices, because we save you
the middleman’s profit. Our suits and coats
are of fine material, and are handsomely
tailored.
We pay express charges East of Mississippi
and make allowances West of it.
Our book offers a wide variety of patterns
from which to choose. A post-card request
brings it to you.
GLEN ROCK WOOLEN CO.
203 Main Street Somerville, N. J.
Direct fromFactory, Freight Prepaid
and Guaranteed by the Manufacturer
You can buy a Gold Coin Stove from us #5 to
#20 less than dealer’s
prices. We pay freight;
safe delivery insured,
polished and all ready
to set up.
“Satisfaction or your
money back any time
within 1 year”
is our written
guaranty.
Free Catalog
— I llustrates
all our Stoves.
Gives Price
List and tells our
Plan and Offer.
Send for it.
Gold Coin Stove Co.
3 Oak St. Troy, N. Y.
deserving of generous provision than
this. Not only does suffering childhood
itself make the strongest appeal to our
sympathies, but this care given to the
child will make a self-respecting citizen
of one who might otherwise grow into a
crippled dependent of the State in later
years.
Many of the children received here
have tubercular disease ; others some de¬
formity such as club feet, bow legs,
knock knees, etc. Surgical treatment is
given for the deformities, and fresh air
is the great feature in the care of the
tuberculosis patients, and indeed all of
them. Says the annual report for 1910 :
The outdoor shacks are a permanent fea¬
ture of the hospital. All those who see
these little ones in their happy outdoor
environment are struck by the appearance
of health which they present. It is diffi¬
cult to imagine that the occupants of these
outdoor pavilions have tuberculous disease.
During the months they stay there the tu¬
berculous disease is essentially modified or
eliminated. No night is too cold, and no
day is too stormy, to bring these children
into the wards, and while the occupants of
You Can Work Outdoors in the
Wettest Weather
Wear “Ball-Band” Rubber Boots and you can work outdoors all
day in snow and slush without wetting your feet or injuring your health.
For many years we have been using every effort to produce under
the RED “Ball-Band” trade-mark the very best boot that we could. We
have sacrificed profit right and left in order to put into each pair tho
highest quality of material and workmanship.
That is why 8,000,000 people insist on the RED “Ball-Band” trade-mark.
Your neighbor will tell you that they last longer, are more comfortable
and give better satisfaction than any other rubber footwear made.
“Ball-Band” boots are giving good service when ordinary boots are
worn out. Ask one of our 45,000 dealers to show you a pair. But be
sure the RED “Ball-Band” trade-mark is on it.
If he can’t supply you, write us, mentioning his name.
MISHAWAKA WOOLEN MFG. CO.
MISHAWAKA, INDIANA
"The House that Pays Millions for Quality *
1911.
407-
Keeping Goose Grease.
I think if your correspondent who
wishes to keep goose fat from getting
rancid will be careful to see that all
water and moisture is tried out of the
fat, it will keep a long time in a cool
place. I lost quite a lot of lard one
year; it all became moldy. An old
housekeeper told me always to try out
the fat until the cracklings were a deep
brown (not burnt) and settled to the
bottom of the kettle and my lard would
not mold. When my children were
young I always kept goose grease to
ward off colds. When night came I
greased their throats, chests, noses and
bottom of feet, rubbing in until the skin
absorbs much of the oil and usually the
cold will be gone in the morning.
MRS.' J. C. P.
Those Shoe Numbers.
I am interested in the letter of Mrs.
J. C. regarding the mystifying numbers
in shoes, page 245. A retailer tells me
that that is the exact purpose of them,
to conceal the real number, and this is
done to help the retailer. For example a
lady comes in and wants a No. 2 shoe.
The dealer sees at a glance that she
wears a No. 4, but if he should tell her
so she would at once go elsewhere to
trade. If he fits her and *she, after
getting home, finds out that he has sold a
larger pair than the number she called
for, the result would be the same. With
the present mystifying assortment of
digits in a shoe the dealer knows the
number, the customer buys the shoes and
gets some that fit and goes home satis¬
fied with the fiction that she (rarely he)
is wearing a shoe several sizes smaller
than the real thing. The customer is
saved innumerable corns and incidentally
a hurting of the pride, and the dealer is
saved a customer. If Mrs. J. C. orders
by number she may be assured that the
dealer will know what she wants, and
she ought to know whether the shoes fit
or not even if she is not sure of the
number. If she has trouble in getting
fitted, the exact size of the feet, length,
width, height of instep, etc., would prob¬
ably insure well-fitting shoes, w. h. h.
To Keep Ham for Summer Use.
Slice rather thick, one-half or three-
quarters -of an inch, and fry as for the
table. We save the ham fat as we fry
in the Winter until we pack, which we
usually do the last of February or
March. Use clean crocks which have
been well scalded and wiped dry. Do
not use pickle crocks or ones that have
had poor butter in. Heat the left-over
ham fat and cover well the bottom of
the crock. When the ham is fried as
for the table, place a layer in the crock
and cover with a plate and place a flat¬
iron or weight on the plate to press the
meat down into the fat. As the meat is
cooked place alternate layers of meat
and fat with the plate and weight on
top until the jar is almost full. Cover
well with a half-inch or more of fat,
using Jard if there is no* ham fat
enough. Allow to cool with weight on
top. When cold remove weight and
cover with paraffin paper. Cover crock
with heavy brown paper, well tied down.
Keep in a cool, dry place. The water
must be all cooked out of the meat and
fat or it will not keep well. When
wanted for use, take out and heat through.
Long heating will make it dry and hard.
Keep the meat always well covered with
the fat in the crock and do not let the
crock remain long in a hot kitchen. The
fat left when all the ham is gone can be
used to warm potatoes or if cleansed
for frying purposes. I use two or three
spiders for the frying, keeping the fat
in one, and cook the fat until no small
air bubbles can be seen rising to the top.
These show the presence of water in
fat. We put down sausage in the same
way, making the sausage into cakes an
inch or more thick and three or four
inches in circumference. Ours kept until
used up, about September 1. A neigh¬
bor keeps hers the year round in this
way- MRS. j. c. p.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Lawn Furniture and City Boarders.
Cousin Ellen writes, “I want you to
have some rustic furniture, such as I
saw in the White Mountains last Sum¬
mer. Lyman can make it with what
tools you have about the place, and it
would be so artistic on your porch, or,
if you didn’t think it fine enough for
that, out under your big maple, or what¬
ever your great dooryard tree is. I tried
to get some one to photograph things for
for me, but not a snapshot could I cap¬
ture, so I sat down and tried to make
some sort of scrawl that would show
how the sticks were arranged. My draw¬
ing will make you smile, but I know
Lyman can make out what I tried to
show.
“The chairs and stand had seats or
top of two-inch plank stained dull green.
Holes were bored through and the legs
driven in. The rest of the material was
white birch with the bark on. Gray
birch is nearly as pretty and more dura¬
ble, they tell me. There was no mor¬
tising, the pieces being just nailed to¬
gether. You would be surprised to see
how easy the chairs were. Their seats
were lower than those of dining room
chairs, and the backs came up well above
the head of the person seated in them.
The upper crosspiece of the back was
above shoulder height and the lower one
came a trifle above the belt, or at about
wa _ line -when I sat down in one. Of
course, holes for the back legs had to
be bored on a slant, and I think there
was a little mortising done where the
tallest pieces crossed in the center of the
back to let them fit into each other
somewhat, and so allow the cross pieces
to go flatly across. My drawing, poor as
it is (Fig. 137) will show how the legs
were braced by cross-bars. But you
won’t guess how pretty and how com¬
fortable these birch chairs are till you
see one and sit in it.
“Anyone could make a stand with a
few directions. There was one in the
dining room at the camp which had a
big copper jardiniere on it, holding a
plant, or a sheaf of goldenrod, or what¬
ever the Lady of the Hilltop chose. The
top of this stand was only about 4 inches
square. It was stained green, but had
half sticks of birch, mitered at the cor¬
ners and nailed to its edge as a border.
Crossed braces below were nailed to the
under side of the top and two pairs go¬
ing inside the legs and two pairs out¬
side at their lower ends.
“And I can tell you how to make a
table large enough for books and a
work basket, or even to set a tea tray
upon. Get a square box about six inches
deep and as near to three feet square as
you can find. Take four stout pieces of
birch with the bark on for legs, but do
not have the table quite as high as those
in the house. Nail the four legs one
into each corner of the box and because
of the angle you can get them so firmly
placed as to need no cross braces. Now
add a second top to your table big
enough to extend four inches beyond
the box on all sides. Stain this and the
sides of the box dull green. The whole
will be staunch and strong and have a
pretty rustic look.
‘There is something very neat and
decorative about the chalky tone of the
White birch, but your Red cedar with
its shaggy brown bark is effective, too,
and I fancy more durable than the birch.
Any of these articles could be made of
the cedar, though the chair might need
to season for a while lest its resinous
gum soil the clothing. They told me that
the White birch was used when fresh cut
without being kept to dry and season.
I hope they housed the furniture as soon
as Summer was over, for a farmer told
me that while birch firewood would
keep well under cover it would turn to
punk in one year if left outside.”
If we should decide to fall in with the
plan Bess keeps writing about and take
city boarders during July and August
I shall surely do my best to get some
of this rustic furniture made. Nothing
makes grounds look more attractive than
plenty of seats in shady places, and what
lightens the work of sweeping and “pick¬
ing up” indoors as much as the habit of
living out of doors?
For the rest I shall adopt the policy
recommended in a recent R. N.-Y. and
set prices high enough to afford to give
our guests all the luxuries we can pro¬
vide. They come to the country to get
the best of cream, eggs, poultry, fruit
and vegetables. They may groan and
writhe over the expense, just as we do
when we’ve been traveling or shopping,
but having paid the price they will take
solid comfort every day in getting their
money’s worth. We’ve a little horse they
mighty enjoy driving, but I know the
utter inhumanity ignorance begets in city
people as to horseflesh. Their only idea
of driving is usually to put the horse
through regardless of hills and the load
it has to draw. I shall therefore beg
that Dolcie’s hire be set high enough to
give her needed rest between drives, or
else limit her use to so many hours or
miles a day. r. ithamar.
Whex you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
There are any
number of wrong
chimneys for every
lamp.
But there is
always a right one.
Macbeth lamp-
chimneys arc made
of Macbeth “Pearl
Glass.” They make
a lamp do its best —
give the most light and the
steadiest light.
“Pearl Glass” is tough. Only
misuse makes it break.
To find tlxe exact chimney you need for any
style or size of lamp or burner get my Index.
It is free — but full of valuable information.
Macbeth
Macbeth-Evans Glass Co. Pittsburgh
Chicago: Phii.adki.phia:
178 East Lake Street -12 South Eighth Street
New York: 19 West 30th Street
Keg. U. S. Pat, Off,
TAPESTRY RUG,
WOOL, 9x12 ft.,
Art Squares— 9 x 12
ft., *3.25 up. Fine
Smyrna Rugs— 9 x,
12 ft., *6.98. Mat¬
ting — from 13c a yard
up. Oil Cloth — 24c a
yard up. Linoleum— 41c
a sq. yard and up. Brus¬
sels Carpets — 40c a yard
up.
$7.48
Just think! Floor
coverings as fine
as can be made —
beautiful, long last-
g, guaranteed' with
bright, fadeless colors—
at regular manufactur¬
er's prices , one-third, to
one-naif less than retail!
We buy in big lots. You
Know that saves money.
Roxboroilh Rugs
Tlict O o hi hnaffninn tn fln4 a n..ni»l _ : _ . . .
Just as big bargains in
Body Brussels, Axmin-
sters, Velvets, Ingrains,
Wiltons, Rag Carpets,
Carpet Linings, Cocoa
Mats and Lace Curtains.
Talk about handsome
patterns! We have
them for parlor,
bedroom, dining
room and kitchen.
ROXBOROUGH RUG CO., Dept. 377 , Philadelphia, Pa.
Get a postal right now,
and write for our hand¬
some illustrated cata¬
logue. It tells all about
each article and gives
■•ou the exact low price,
aon’t put off writing!
You won’t have to buy
unless you want to, but
by all means send for
the catalogue, and see
the low prices.
A Ziuays^lll^pgiMjT
Ready ^
Wise foresight should
lead you to keep in the
cupboard a half dozen or ^
more handy packages of
Uneeda Biscuit
They won't get broken, musty,
soiled or soggy like ordinary
soda crackers because their |
crisp, clean freshness is Ilf
protected by the
moisture-proof
and dust- tight ^ ®
package.
Never Sold
in Bulk
■lM;0te j moistu/e-proaf
j f l : package
NATIONAL BISCUITS- COMPAH Y
408
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
March 25,
Some Annuals for Cut Flowers.
Everyone enjoys cut flowers, and
many must depend entirely upon an¬
nuals. Sweet peas will always head the
list, because of their grace, their coloring,
their adaptability, but above all else, be¬
cause of their perfume. They have only
one fault, and that detracts from every
other good quality; they are not lasting.
If you are studying the catalogues,
perhaps the experience of others will
help you to decide. Some wish for a
few sorts that will fill a great many
points of excellence ; that will find a
congenial home in the vegetable garden,
rough and ready plants waiting for the
inexorable knife. L. H. Bailey tells us
the plants he likes best are those easiest
to grow, and gives a long list to choose
from. Probably there is nothing easier
to grow than, the various pinks (Dian-
thus). They come up so promptly and
forge ahead as if in haste to please.
There are so many varieties; one can
try a different kind for a great many
seasons and not exhaust the list. For
myself, I like the single ones best, but
all have great merit, and always some
of the stronger plants survive the Winter
and bear flowers in advance of seed-
sown plants.
If in quest of grace, combined with
lasting qualities, you will find them in
a superlative degree in Scabiosa, the
“mourning bride” of our grandmothers;
long, clean, wiry stems, topped by a fully
double blossom, in rainbow tints, all
overspread by threadlike filaments of
pure white. The picture in your cata¬
logue poorly portrays these lovely blos¬
soms. Growing over two feet in height
you will often find stems IS and 20
inches long. Do not crowd the plants,
fully a foot apart, and, if you can afford
the space, in separate colors. At least
be sure of one package of the pure
white. These are of unusual beauty and
we so often find ourselves short of white
in building our floral creations. You
will find them prodigal in shades of red,
also blue, passing to a purple-black one
of the darkest flowers that bloom. Per¬
haps this last may prove more curious
than beautiful. There is no yellow and
'*1- m •
they lack perfume, but their long period
of bloom and lasting qualities after cut¬
ting will more than offset these defects.
Centaurea imperialis is another an¬
nual that is beautiful as a cut flower,
and seldom seen. In this we have not
the range of colors of Scabiosa, but a
more refined flower, like silk gauze bound
to a calyx, and swinging on a long stem.
In the old “Sweet Sultan,” Centaurea
suaveolens, we have a good yellow, also
perfume, which we always seek in our
perfect blossoms. Centaureas are desir¬
able for corsage wear as they do not
wilt quickly. Cut all blossoms intended
for this purpose in the early morning,
keep in a cool room, in cold water, till
needed, thereby prolonging their useful¬
ness.
Close by the walk or veranda where
you are sure to be in the late afternoon
and evening, when you have most leisure
to enjoy them, plant “four o’clocks.”
They will cover themselves with glory
and smile a cheerful greeting to you and
your friends. Indeed, they are what
may be termed “companionable” ; their
very perfume breathes of home. The
children revel in their lavish bloom, and
you will often find them useful for even¬
ing decoration. The self-colors are very
rich, and many are so strangely varie¬
gated as to plainly show why they re¬
ceived the name “Marvel of Peru.” The
seeds are large and seem to insure suc¬
cess. The plants are bushy, requiring
plenty of room. Scabiosa and Centaurea
plantlets are large and vigorous from the
seed-leaf, requiring no special care or
soil. If started indoors they are easily
transplanted, and bloom from June till
frosts are severe. With the exception
of Centaurea imperialis, all are distinct¬
ly old-fashioned, but as our florists are
always improving the improved, you will
find surprises, even among old acquain¬
tances. LILLY ELY LITTLE.
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
Guimpe frocks are the prettiest pos¬
sible for little girls and No. 6887 is novel
and attractive. The yoke, or body por¬
tion, is cut in one with short sleeves,
consequently it is exceedingly simple
and means little labor for the making.
This is finished with scalloped edges,
but it can be left plain and trimmed in
any way to suit the fancy. All the ma-
6887 Child’s Dress to be worn over
any Guimpe, 4, 6 and 8 years.
terials that are used for little girls’
dresses will be found appropriate. The
dress is made with body portion and
skirt. The body portion is seamed over
the shoulders and overlapped at front
and back. The skirt is straight and
plaited. The closing is made invisibly
at the back beneath the box plait. For
a girl six years of age will be required
3/2 yards of material 27 inches wide, 2/2
yards 36 or two yards 44 inches wide.
The pattern No. 6887 is cut in sizes for
girls of four, six and eight years of age;
price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures show 6913, sur¬
plice waist, with or without guimpe lin¬
ing, 34 to 44 bust. 2 /2 yards of material
18 or 27 inches wide, V/2 yard 36 or
44, three yards of banding over waist;
two yards 21, V/> yards 36, with one
yard all-over lace, V/2 yards of ruffling
for guimpe lining, for medium size.
6932, bolero coat. 34 to 42 bust. 2/
yards of material 27 inches wide, 1/
yards 44 to 52, with V/2 yards of con¬
trasting material 21, for medium size.
6931, girl's sailor costume. Eight to 12
years, 5/ yards of material 27 inches
wide, 4/ yards 36, or three yards 44,
with / yard 27 for collar, 4/2 yards of
braid, for 10-year size. 6917, circular
skirt lengthened by circular flounce, 22
to 32 waist. 5/ yards of material 27
inches wide, five yards 36, 3/ yards
44 inches wide, for medium size. 6908,
child’s French dress, with body and
sleeves in one and straight gathered
skirt, two, four and six years. Two
yards of material 27 inches wide, V>/
yards 36 or 44, / yard 18 inches wide
for yoke, 5J4 yards of banding for four-
year size. Price of each pattern, 10
cents.
Removing Stains.
If Mrs. D. A. P. will dip her clothes
first in the Javelle water, as described,
and then into a solution made by dis¬
solving five cents worth of oxalic acid
in three pints of soft water, let lie a few
minutes and thoroughly rinse, the stains
will be removed. She may have to go
through the process twice, or even three
times. I have removed just such stains,
and also pink stains from red trimmings
and the like. mrs. m. c. p.
Homemade “Wheatlet.”
To those who like a cereal for break¬
fast, and who are willing to spend some
time in its preparation, homemade
wheatlet may prove a valuable discovery.
One of the hard, amber varieties of
wheat should be used, as the softer ones,
when cooked, arc too pasty. The first
step is the washing, and in doing this
plenty of water should be used, so that,
if other seeds are mixed with the wheat,
as cheat and cockle, they will rise to the
surface and may be poured off. After
the wheat is washed it should be dried
in a warm oven and looked over, so that
whatever adulterating seeds have been
left may be picked out. Then comes the
grinding, which may be done in a small
hand gristmill, grinding about as . fine
as “steel cut” oatmeal. Any amount may
be prepared at a time as far as this
point, but only what one wishes to cook
immediately should be treated to the re¬
mainder of the process — a pint, for in¬
stance, if one wishes to serve six or
seven persons. It should now be covered
well with water, stirred around and
around, and the water poured off, this
process being repeated several times so
that as much as possible of the flour
may be taken out. The resulting wheat-
let, when cooked, will be granular rather
than pasty. It is now ready for cooking.
A pint of it should be stirred into a
quart or more of boiling water. The
cooking should be done in a double
boiler and for several hours. h. b. t.
renews and sustains the
strength of weak, failing
babies; pale, delicate chil¬
dren ; tired, nervous women
and feeble, aged people. It
contains no alcohol, no
drug, no harmful ingredient
whatever; it builds up and
strengthens the young as
well as the old.
ALL DRUGGISTS
SAVE HALF Your
Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT — proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.”
Made in all colors, — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE.
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Price*.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
Tells all about Paint and Painting for Durability.
How to avoid trouble and expense caused bv paints
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuubie information
free to you. with Sa*nple Color Cards, Write me. DO
.XI NOW. I can eave you money.
0. W. Ingersoll, 24b Plymouth St., Brooklyn, H.Y.
Pints of Dirt in Your Parlor
Awful, but true. Prove it at our risk.
Send for “EASY” Vacuum Clea¬
ner on Ten Day’s FREE Trial.
Sweep any used room. Then use the
cleaner. You will get from one to
four pints of dirt out of that room.
Write today for FREE Trial
Order Form.
I>OI)GE <fc ZUILL « 224 K
Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N.Y.
or Easy Washer Co., Bruce
and Dundas Sts., Toronto.
SPLENDID CROPS
in Saskatchewan (Western Canada)
800 Bushels From 20 Acres
of wheat was the thresher's re¬
turn from a Lloydminster farm
in the season of 1910. Many
fiolds in that as well as other
districts yielded from 25 to 35
bushels of wheat to the acre.
Other grains in proportion.
Large Profits
are thus derived from the
FREE HOME STEAD
LANDS of Western Canada.
This excellent showing causes prices
to advance. Land values should double
in two years’ time.
Grain growing, mixed farming,
cattle raising and dairying are ail
profitable. Free Homesteads of 1 60
acres are to be had in the very best
districts; 160-acre pre-emptions at
$3.00 per acre within certain areas.
Schools awl churches in every set¬
tlement, climate unexcelled, soil
the richest; wood, wutor and build¬
ing material plentiful.
For low eettlera' railway rates and illustra¬
ted pamphlet, "Last Best Wost, " and other in¬
formation, write to Sup't of linniig., Ottawa.
Can., or Can. Oor’t Act. (62)
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. ¥.
Be An * Independent Buyer Spend One Cent Foi*
This Big FREE Book
Our Big Free Stove and Range Book gives you our H
factory wholesale prices and explains all — saving you
£5 to £40 on any famous Kalamazoo stove or range,
including gas stoves. Sold only direct to homes.
Over 140,000 satisfied cus¬
tomers in 21,000 towns. Over 400 styles and sizes to select from.
£100.000 bank bond guarantee. We prepay all freight and give you
—30 Days’ Free Trial
—360 Days’ Approval Test
-CASH OR CREDIT
Write a postal for our book today — any responsible person can
have same credit as your home stores would give you— and you save
$5 to $40 cash. No better stoves or ranges than the Kalamazoo could
Oven Thermom* be made — at any price- Prove it, before we keep your money. Be
eter Makes an independent buyer. Send name for Free Catalogue No. 1 14,
Baking Easy Kalamazoo Stove Company, Mfrs., Kalamazoo, Michigan
10 DAYS FREE TRIAL
We will ship you •
"RANGER" BICYCLE
on approval, freight
prepaid to anyplace in the United States without a cent deposit in advance, And
‘ allow ten days free trial from the day you receive it. If it does not suit you in
every way and is not all or more than we claim for it and a better bicycle than you can get
anywhere else regardless of price, or if for any reason whatever you do not wish to keep it
ship it back to us at our expense for freight and you will not be out one cent.
I flW FflftTftRY DRIPFQ We sell the highest grade bicycles direct from factory
**u ** mw I Ull I UlltfW to rider at lower prices than any other house. W«
save you £iq to *25 middlemen’s profit on every bicycle. Highest grade models with
Puncture-Proof tires, Imported Roller chains, pedals, etc., at prices no higher than cheap
mail order bicycles; also reliable medium grade models at unheard of low prices.
DinCQ HGCtlTC UfAIITCn in each town and district to ride and exhibit a sample
illUCrl AUER Id VTARIEU 1911 “Ranger” Bicycle furnished by us. You wlIITbe
astonished at the -wonderfully low prices and the liberal propositions and special offer we will
give on the first 1911 sample going to your town. Write at once for our special offer.
DO NOT BUY a bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any price until you receive our catalogue
and learn our low prices and liberal terms. BICYCLE DEALERS, you can sell our bicycles under
your own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received.
SECOND HAND BICYCLES— a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores will
be closed out at once, at S3 to £8 each. Descriptive bargain list mailed free.
TIRE'C PH ACTED RDAM’E rear wheels, Innertubes, lamps, cyclometers, parts, repairs
i Il»CO| UUnw I Cll DilHIVC and everything in the bicycle line at hnlf usual prices.
HO NOT WAIT but write today for our Large Catalogue beautifully illustrated and containing a great fund of
Interesting matter and useful information. It only costs a postal to-get everything. Write it now.
MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept A80, CHICAGO, ILL-
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
409
Achimenes and Primulas.
The last day of September, 1909, some
one brought me a small potful of
Achimenes, recommending them to my
care and saying they had not been doing
their best that season. There were a
half dozen or more plants in the four-
inch pot, some of them too small to
blossom. There were three or four
flowers and a few buds, so that we
learned to know their cheerful blue-
lavender faces and to hope for a longer
succession of them the next year.
The pot was set away in a closet
where it would not freeze and kept with¬
out watering till Spring. Emptying out
the soil there came to light, as we had
been warned, only a few small bulbs,
“about as big as baby teeth," and shaped
not unlike them. Carefully searching the
soil for every one I repotted them in a
six-inch pot and gave them a quiet cor¬
ner with plenty of light. Occasionally
as they grew a little weak stimulant was
given, for 1 have found that all bulbs
grown in pots are much benefited by
liquid fertilizers applied frequently when
they are in active growth, but always the
“tea" must be used well diluted. They
were in bloom by the middle of July.
That we might enjoy their prettiness, I
carried the pot to the veranda, but soon
found that some of those enterprising
young pullets who would always go
where they were not wanted had devel¬
oped a taste for Achimene flowers. They
evidently found them as good salad as
the Tradescantia of the veranda box.
So my blue-lavender pet must be either
surrounded by netting or placed out of
reach. I found a small round basket into
which the pot fitted and suspended the
improvised hanging basket where there
was plenty of light, but direct sunshine
only in late afternoon. As it was nearly
opposite the kitchen door, there was the
less chance of forgetting to give plenty
of water, for all sorts of hanging baskets
dry out so promptly. The Achimenes
seemed to approve of the situation and
from the six or seven blossoms which
had been about the daily allowance they
increased, as the smaller bulbs began
adding their flowers, to 18 or 20 at one
time. It was never a truly gorgeous
plant, but odd and sure to be noticed
because uncommon in this locality. As
the flowers, which are stemless in the
axils of the leaves, have tubular throats
an inch and a half long and a flat disk
as large as a silver dollar each one adds
noticeably to the display.
My Achimenes were still in full bloom
when frosty weather came in the Fall,
so I took the pot down from its basket
and placed it in a jardiniere in an east
window. Though I had considered the
plant a veranda bulb and only for Sum¬
mer display, I found that in the sheltered
air of the sitting room and with faithful
watering and a little stimulant now and
then, its satin-textured flowers grew
larger and more plentiful. Almost up to
the holidays it continued so full of blos¬
soms that it was a pleasure to count
them over each morning. After a bulb
began blooming it would put out three
or four flowers with each new whorl of
leaves, and as I had quite a potful of
bulbs the effect was very pretty.
Achimenes may be well known in other
localities, but if any window gardener
has never tried them they will prove
well worth becoming acquaincd with.
Keep always in the pots and encourage
active growth till well into Winter that
next season’s bulbs may be full of vigor
and you may be sure of an endless suc¬
cession of blossoms from July to De¬
cember.
No one who reads plant notes needs
be told that Primula obconica is a desir¬
able window plant. I am always promis¬
ing myself to buy a paper of seed and
see if I cannot grow some as mid¬
winter gifts to my friends. But what
country woman ever does half she plans!
In the Fall I made a trip to the green¬
house in the village to buy a Mahernia
odorata, a window plant we used greatly
to enjoy, but now lost to our collection
these many seasons. Its tiny-leaved,
compact little bushes used to be thickly
hung with yellow bells, which gave out
a delicate but charming fragrance.
Never heard of it” was the young
florist’s, reply to my inquiry. Walking
about in his neatly kept houses I was
struck by the change from greenhouses
in that same village 50 years ago. Then
one S3w Calceolarias, Camellias and all
sorts of things not to be grown except
under glass, and a supply of such of
window plants as were popular at the
time. Now almost no one keeps blos¬
soming house plants, and there were long
houses filled with plants which would
furnish cut flowers. Chrysanthemum
houses, carnation benches many feet
long, roses for cutting, Stevia to furnish
the fine white that “sets off" handsome
blossoms so effectively, ferns and aspara¬
gus for green and, in a corner, some
much-clipped plants of the fragrant¬
leaved myrtle from which the Swedish
brides like their wedding wreaths made.
The place had a thriving air, and I know
that every village funeral, party or dance
sent customers to its doors, while many
people bought flowers as freely as they
did oranges and grapes. But I must
return without my Mahernia. So I paid
20 cents for a primrose and said absent
mindedly as it was being wrapped up :
“So you will warrant this to blossom
all Winter?”
“Oh, no," was the quick response,
“We warrant nothing. But if it stayed
here it would be in flower till Spring.”
It has done as well in my sitting room
a§ plant could. Every little while a new
flowering stalk pushes up and still the
earlier ones keep blossoming. In Janu¬
ary the original bunch of bloom was
still keeping up its succession of flowers
and eight others were outdoing it in size
and in number of blossoms.
OLD-FASH IONF-D PLANT LOVER.
R. N.-Y. — Primula obconica is one of
the prettiest and most satisfactory pot
plants one can grow, admirably suited
to the ordinary living room. But handle
its cut blooms with caution. Those tiny
fuzzy bristles on the flower stem prove
poisonous to many people, and many a
florist has suffered misery from “prim¬
rose rash.’ It varies in intensity from a
slight rash like prickly heat to an erup¬
tion as severe as a bad case of poison
ivy, according to the susceptibility of
the subject, some being entirely immune.
Puddings in Variety
Vermont Pudding— Melt one-half cup
of butter, add three-quarters cup of mo¬
lasses and beat, add two well-beaten
eggs, one cup of sour milk, one salt-
spoon each of cinnamon and nutmeg, and
a level teaspoon of soda dissolved in
two tablespoons of boiling water. Beat,
add three cups of sifted pastry flour and
turn into a buttered mold, cover tightly
and. steam three hours. Serve with a hot
liquid sauce. Lemon sauce is excellent,
made as follows r Cream one-quarter cup
of butter, add slowly three-quarters cup
of sugar, one egg slightly beaten and
one-third cup of boiling water. Cook
until it thickens, add three tablespoons
of lemon juice or one of lemon juice
and two of orange juice.
Rich Sago Pudding. — Soak six heap¬
ing tablespoon fuls of sago in a quart of
sweet milk for five hours. Then add a
quart of boiling milk. Cook till soft.
Beat the yolks of six eggs in a pudding
dish with a teacup of sugar and a little
nutmeg. Then when the sago is soft
stir it into the eggs and sugar. Bake
20 minutes. After the pudding has been
set away to cool, beat up the whites of
the six eggs until they are a stiff froth
and -fold into them three tablespoonfuls
of sugar. Spread this meringue over
the top of the pudding and brown it in
the oven. A little jelly is sometimes
spread over the pudding before adding
the meringue.
Cocoanut Pudding. — Mix a cupful of
fresh bread crumbs, two cupfuls of
shredded cocoanut and half a cupful of
sugar. Beat the yolks of two eggs
with a cupful of milk, pour over the first
mixture and mix thoroughly. Turn into
a buttered pudding dish and bake in a
moderate oven until the custard is set.
Cover with a meringue made of the
whites of two eggs and a fourth of a
cupful of sugar. Flavor with vanilla
and sprinkle with cocoanut. Bake until
firm in a slow oven.
Lemon Rice Pudding. — Boil a half
pint of rice in a quart of milk till very
soft. Add to it while hot the yolks of
three eggs, three large tablespoonfuls of
sugar, the grated rind of two lemons
and a little salt. If too thick add a little
cold milk. It should be a little less
thick than boiled custard. Turn it into
a pudding dish. Beat the whites of the
eggs very stiff with eight tablespoonfuls
of sugar and the juice of two lemons,
arid brown the top delicately in the oven.
Thoroughly chill and serve.
Baked Raisin Pudding. — Put eight
ounces of sweet drippings or suet into a
basin, warm it and work in one pound
of flour mixed with one teaspoonful of
baking powder and one scant teaspoon¬
ful of salt. Add one teaspoon” 1 of
ground mixed spic:, one ounce o: can¬
died lemon peel cut up small, four ounces
of moist sugar and six ounces of seeded
raisins. _ Mix them well and make the
whole into a paste by adding two eggs
beaten up in a teacup ful of milk. Turn
the mixture into a well-greased tin ol¬
dish, put in a moderate oven and bake
for an hour. When done turn the pud¬
ding out into a serving dish, sprinkle
with sugar and serve with hard sauce.
English Jam Pudding. — Line a but¬
tered bake dish with a good rich pie
crust. For a batter allow two eggs and
their weight in butter and in dried and
sifted flour. Cream the butter and sugar,
whip in the yolks, beaten smooth, and
then the frothed whites alternately with
the flour, which has been sifted twice
with a teaspoonful of baking powder.
Now spread the paste in the bake dish
with peach jam, or with preserved
peaches, mixed with a tablespoonful of
preserved ginger, cut fine. Pour the
batter upon this prepared bed and bake
in a steady oven. Cover with paper as
you would cake, removing to brown
after the pudding has puffed up well.
OLD
PEAMJTS
DIRECT FROM
VIRGINIA
PLANTATION PEANUT CO.
RICHMOND, VA
SEED PEANUTS
WE HAVE A LIMITED SUPPLY OF
VIRGINIA PEANUTS
especially raised and carefully
harvested for seed.
If yon have never raised pea¬
nuts, our booklet, “How to Raise
Peanuts,” will tel) you. We send
a free copy with each order.
T It takes about four bushels
to plant an acre.
We will ship a bag containing 214
bushels for $5.00 or 5 bushels for $9.50~.
All shipments made by freight or express
F. O. B. Send- check, P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. Write for special prices on
largo quantities.
PLANTATION PEANUT OO.,
Mutual Building, Richmond, Va.
Vacuum Gleaner Without Cost
Write today for SPECIAL introductory
offer telling; how to secure a high grade
$14.00 Vacuum Cleaner without cost.
HOME SUPPLY CO., Dept . M, Scotteburg, N. Y.
BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME
GROUNDS WITH A PRIVET HEDGE
1 will sell you enough good, strong, heavily rooted
California Privet hedge plants to go around your
home grounds, planted six inches apart, for 9c per
yard, packed to carry anywhere, delivered to It. it
station at Salisbury, Md. Measure distance around
your grounds, see how little it costs and send your
order to W. F. ALLEN, Salisbury, Maryland.
D|p C — NEW CROP-PRODUCER to CONSUMER-100 lbs
nlOL beautiful, clean, white, whole grain South
Carolina extra fancy table rice, ready for cook¬
ing, delivered freight prepaid to your station, $4.85.
AVe guarantee safe arrival of rice.
I J. ED CABANISS, Rice Farmer, Katy, Texas.
YOUR HOME SHOULD
attract attention
If you want to add not only
to the appearance of your
property but to its value , put
up an attractive and durable
RE.PUBLIC
ORNAMENTAL FENCE
thus combining artistic appear¬
ance, permanence and economy.
Republic are built not only for beauty,
F F N r r C !>ut for Utility. The fabric
r L ^ b Lb i9 made of best quality
heavily galvanized cables and heavy upright
pickets, corrugated only where they engage
the cabled line wires. These features com¬
bine to make a rustp-oof fabric.
Made in attractive designs, for
either wood or iron posts. Self ad¬
justing to uneven ground and easily
Put up. Q
Write for catalog of Republic Oma*
mental Fence and Farm Gates.
It’s FREE.
Republic Fence 4 Gate Co.,
211 Republic Si., Norlh Chicago, III.
m
50 WORTH OF
95c
gauge.
$1.85
We Can Save You $50.00
on the Average Size Roof
A Few Quotations From the Bargains
in Our Latest Roofing Catalog:
Tarred Felt Roofing. Best quality.
108squarefeet. 85-cent value.
Per roll . DUC
Rubber Asphalt Roofing. The ordinary
kind. 108 square feet. $1-25
value. Wt.,34 1bs. Per roll. I«7C
Flint Coated Rubber Roofing. 108
square feet. $1.65 value.
Weight, 50 lbs. Per roll. . .
Corrugated Steel Roofing. 28-gauge.
Heavy, painted red. 100
square feet. $2.50 value.
Best-of-all Roofing. 3J^-ply. 108
square feet. $3.50 value. d»1j QA
Weight, 60 lbs. Per roll..
Every Price in This Catalog is 25 to 50
Per Cent Below Regular Retail Prices.
If you want
any Kind of
roofing, it is
to your in¬
terests to
write for a
copy of this
free Roof¬
ing Catalog
and our
complete
layout of
samples be¬
fore placing
vour order.
W e quote
1911 reduced prices which in many lines are
even lower than our prices for 1910. Simply
write and sa.v: “Send me your free Hoofing
Catalog No.60K51 and complete set of sam¬
ples” and they will be mailed at once free
and postpaid.
AND CQ
CHICAGO
SEARS.R0EBUCK
^2* ;
AWEEK'
Makes and burns Its own gas and
produces a pure white, steady,
k sale, 100 candle power light. .No
\ wick, smoke, dirt, grease or odor.
kY a
L A
\ i-3
v A
- / loo
f CANDLE,
-* POWER/
t /
THE! BEST' LIGHT
Lighted instantly. Over 200 styles.
Agents wanted. Write for catalog
Tin: UK ST LIGHT CO. •
401 L 5th St.. Canton, *!
.4b ck-''Oc?>0'v-o
AUAI A IIC Fenees and Gates for Farm, Home,
la | (al 1111 P* Park's or Cemeteries. Increase prop-
w ^ erty values. Strong, Lasting, Hand¬
some. Easily erected— all heights up to 10 feet. Our
catalog and prices will interest you. We pay freight.
The Cyclone woven Wire fence Co.
1237 E SETH STREET C LE VELA N D, OH I O
ETC* jy f v E* For Lawns, Churches, Cemeter’es, Pub-
■ GHWIt iic Grounds. 100 Patterns. Wiite for
special offer and our free han some Pattern Book.
THE WARD FENCE CO.. Box 046 Decatur, Ind.
Can’t-Sag Gates Save You Big Moneyl
of
Neat in appearance — strong enough to stop all stock— light— durable— and best
„ all they CAN’T SAG. COST ONLY ONE-THIRD AS MUCH as ordinary Iron, Wire, or
UaSD>!Pwr.G5;t?»-„^Post less than a 8r°0(b all-wood swing gate and last five times as long.
t KUWh CANT-SAG GATES are furnished complete, or only the Gate Steels, which
.include everything except the five boards. Our New Double Truss K:nge Braces with
r®, Angle Uprights make a gate which we guarantee never to sag. No weak parts to
’give out— the Gate Steels will last a life time.
|<p Elevating Attachment permits gate to be raised to allow small stock to pass under and
.to avoid deep snow. All kinds and sizes of Farm Gates at prices you can’t afford to miss.
30 DAYS’ FREE TR9AL
5 YEAR GUARANTEE
Let us tell you about our Free Trial
and Guarantee. Write a postal for
our Free Booklet today. Don’t
miss this chance.
ROWE MANUFACTURING CO.
5S0 Fourth St., Galesburg, III,
410
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
March 25,
Live Stock and Dairy
HOW CREAMERY PROMOTERS WORK.
There is in our section a promoter look¬
ing to the establishment of a co-operative
creamery to cost about $5,000, which he
is insisting will be a profitable investment
to the farmer stockholders of this section.
The firm claims to have been the builders of
many most successful plants. Can you
give me some definite information as to
the firm and their plans, with the pros¬
pects in a fruit and truck producing sec¬
tion with sandy soil? J. F.
Sussex Co., Del.
We do not know the firm. It prob¬
ably has a good financial rating, and
would very likely put up a creamery if
your people gave them $5,000. After
you paid for the outfit you would be
likely to find that you had a big white
elephant on your hands in a district
where there was no pasture for him.
This locating creameries is a fine art and
in many cases ranks with “horse com¬
pany” deals for profit — to the promoters.
These men are shrewd, and they figure
that a company of farmers would not
trust each other, but that they will trust
some oily-tongued stranger. Here is an
extract from a letter to one of our read¬
ers — this being the usual way of starting ;
Active and progressive citizens are con¬
stantly on the lookout for staple enter¬
prises that are a benefit to the community.
They can't be like Wilkins Micawber —
“always waiting for something to turn up.”
They must help to turn up things them¬
selves. The object of this letter is to turn
up something that is a profitable thing,
and a benefit to the whole community —
that is a co-operative creamery. The ben¬
efits are numerous ; the farmer gets paid
monthly, has money ahead, is out of debt,
lives better and easier, buys more goods,
pays as he goes, and his farm constantly
increases in value.
That usually hits some farmer who is
having a hard struggle, and as a result
the representatives comes on. He knows
his business, and being a good judge of
human nature picks out one or more
farmers to play the part of Judas and in¬
duce their friends to come in. As we
have been solicited to.- 'V- this work we
know how it operates. The local Judas
puts his name down for several shares,
with the understanding that they cost
him nothing. He may also get a cash
bonus for his work. He goes around
with the agent and argues with his
neighbors for a creamery — and usually
gets it. When enough stock is signed
for the company goes ahead and puts
up the creamery, either getting cash for
the shares or good paper that can be
discounted. The outfit costs usually 40
per cent or more above what most
reliable manufacturers would sell it for.
In the case of a “$5,000 creamery” we
have no doubt the farmers could dupli¬
cate it for $3,500. In most cases such
a creamery is like a business largely
over-capitalized. It cannot pay fair
dividends ©n the surplus capital or
“water,” and it fails. Also those fel¬
lows would locate a creamery on a
desert island where there were no cows
at all, if they could get people to listen
to them. If you take their word for it,
the cows, the dairy habit, the feed and
all the rest will appear as soon as their
creamery is built. We should consider
it folly to put up a $5,000 creamery in
a sandy fruit-growing section of Dela¬
ware. It is not a dairy section, and
while it is possible to grow forage crops
and breed dairy cattle, the people have
not yet been educated to it, and know
little or nothing about making milk.
Under the circumstances such an en¬
terprise would be doomed to failure be¬
fore it was started— but this would be
all the more reason why the creamery
sharks would stay by their game.
Cement for a Barn Wall.
T. A. It., Fisher’s Ferry , Pa. — How much
cement and sand will it require to build
a wall 24 feet square GV2 feet high and one
foot thick? Also one 40 feet long and two
end walls each 23y2 feet, 6% feet high, the
40 foot wall battered down 18 inches at the
bottom to one foot at the top, the end walls
running one foot clear down? In what
proportions should it be mixed to make a
good substantial wall, using stone from the
fields for a filler?
Ans. — The amount of cement and
sand required to build this wall cannot
be estimated perfectly on account of
using the field stone for a filler, as they
will simply be laid in the cement re¬
gardless of weight or measure, and the
more of the stone used the less cement
and sand will be required. If the field
stone is put in sparingly the more sand
and cement would be required. The rule
for ordinary walls such as you propose
building is as follows : One part cement,
three parts clean sharp sand, seven
parts broken stone, which will build 27
cubic feet of wall, by using one barrel
cement and sand and stone in propor¬
tionate quantities. If I have figured
correctly on your walls it will take
about 10 tons cement, 30 tons sand and
nearly twice that amount of stone, and
I think you will have a very satisfactory
job with the field stone if they are clean
and free from dried earth or any sub¬
stance to prevent the cement from hold¬
ing them firmly in place. I would like
to make a few suggestions regarding
the construction. First, be very thor¬
ough in regard to the foundation, keep¬
ing well below the frost line, proper
drainage, etc., hammering the stone
down perfectly solid. A wall of this
kind cannot adjust its weight to suit
the settling of the foundation; it must
simply break. The construction of the
wall should begin three to four inches
below surface of ground unless it is to
be filled around with earth after com¬
pletion. The outside of the form which
will make face of wall should be built
of lumber of "a uniform thickness to in¬
sure a nice smooth finish. The stone
should not be laid closer than three-
fourths to one inch of the face side of
form ; then they will never be seen, and
you will be saved the time and expense
of plastering the outside. w. A. b.
— 11 ■■ miiiMMiii i in m ■»— ■ win i ii m
You Simply Say
"BRING ME
A SHARPLES
Tubular
Cream Separator
FOR FREE TRIAL”
The Tubular will be delivered at your
home, will be set up and started, and
you will be shown how to use it. It
will be left for free trial. You pay no
freight— pay nothing in advance — take
no risk or responsibility.
No disks or other contraptions in the
Dairy Tubular. So simple it wears a
lifetime. Guaranteed forever by
America's oldest and world’s biggest
separator concern. Twice the skimming
force of others— skims faster and
twice as clean. The
World’s Best. 99 out
of every 100 farmers
who see and try Tubu¬
lars buy Tubulars.
You can own and use
a T ubular for less than
any other make. Then
how can you afford to
waste time o r
risk money on
any "mail order”
or other (so
called) cheap
machine, the av¬
erage life of
which is one
year? Vr~:'"
at once
catalogue
No. 153
and a free
trial.
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.,
WEST CHESTER, I* A.
Chicago, III., San Francisco. Cal., Pertlnnd, Ore.
Toronto, Can, _ VVlnnlpejr. Cun.
ALLAMUCHY FARM HOLSTEINS
We offer well brod bull calves out of A. R. O.
dams at reasonable prices. Send for list before
placing your order. ALLAMUCHY, N. ,J.
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Pern’s Jubi-
loo still beads the herd. What do you want ?
Will also sell full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. Y.
Prn/firrprv ,or ^evr York City market
r 1 UUUOCi a desiring information bow to
form brandies of the Dairymen’s Dengue, write to
the Secretary, Albert Masking, Otisville, N. Y.
AJAX
MOST ECONOMICAL
A dollar’s worth of AJAX FLAKES furnishes more food
value (net energy) and protein, than any article for sale to-day.
It costs about one-quarter more than bran and has almost
double the value.
It has three times as much protein and two and three quar¬
ters times as much net energy as alfalfa. It is the ideal protein
feed (because safe, coarse and palatable) to mix with home
groVvn starchy grains. It greatly reduces the cost of feeding.
It is used by the best breeders everywhere and by the Wis¬
consin, New York and Pennsylvania Experiment Stations. You
can well afford to sell some of your corn, oats or barley and
purchase AJAX FLAKES, the most economical feed
on the market to-day. Ask your dealer or write us.
CHAPIN «& CO., Dept A, Buffalo, N. Y.
SWINE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
... AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES.™^
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON. Piuprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders booked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-Special Offering
L of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
up. They should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity. H. C. 8 H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
A BERKSHIRE OR DTJROC PIG given for a
-A few hours of your time. Stamp for particulars.
PENNA. BERKSHIRE UO., Fannettsburg, Pa,
nilDflOC THE BIG. DEEP FELLOWS
UUllUvw that grow and mature quickly.
Pigs and Gilts for sale at all times.
SHENANGO RIVER FARMS. Transfer, Pa.
LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS
Am now booking orders for 6 week old Pigs, Regis¬
tered, at $15.00 per pair. If you are looking for the
genuine Bacon Hog, try a pair this spring. Address
HILLHURST FARM, Orchard Park, N. Y.
CIIELD0N FARM registered Dqrocs. Pigs of both sex.
0 Bred Sows. Service Boars Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y.
DOGS
pm | 1C D| 1 DC-From imported stock. Females
llULLIL rUrucheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
CCOTCH CO LUES, Spayed Females, two to
^ eight mos. Circ. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa
HORSES
Pfj Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
OU at farmers' prices. A W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Penna. R.IO, 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Percheron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from $300 up, mares
from $400 up. Address all correspondence to
O. N, WILSON, Kittanning, Pa.
THE PERCHERON SOCIETY
OF AMERICA
Has just taken over all records and business
of Percheron ltegistery Company of Colum¬
bus, Ohio. 215 breeders took membership in
P. S. of A. during Dec. and January alone.
137 more new members added thru recent ac-
quirementnamed above. There isnow butone
lecognized Society in the United States record¬
ing Percherons. For information address:
WAYNE 0INSM0RE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards, Chicaoo, III.
DAIRY CATTLE
REGISTERED AYRSHIRES
A few choice young cows, also young stock of either sox,
from first-class milkers, at reasonable prices. Correspond¬
ence solicited. F. JI. Cookingham, Cherry Creek, N. Y.
Breed Up-Not
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. H. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
IDAIRY CATTXjE
The Most Economical Production of the
Highest Class of I)an*y Products, excell¬
ing in Natural Color and Good Flavor.
fThe Pan American Dairy Breed Test,
J The ion- a Dairy Cow Contest,
*VUN ^ Iupartial Experiment Station Trials.
Tlio Guernsey was the First Breed to establish
an Advanced Register on basis of Years
Records with Public Supervision.
An average of over 1200 official yeara records show :
8070 lbs. Milk 410 lbs. Butter Fat
(Equivalent to IGOlbs. butter)
AVERAGE PER CENT. BUTTER FAT 5.03
Pull information regarding the breed by writing
The American Guernsey Cattle Club
Box R. PETERBORO, N. II.
Maple Hurst Stock Farms, BmlfonJ, Conn ., offer the fol-
— - — - — — ■ 1 _■ ~ lowing Gilt Edge Stock for
sale. One magnificent Yearling Guernsey Bull (reg¬
istered); one full blooded Jersey Bull (registered).
Dams of both extra heavy producers. Jersey
Sire, Hood Farm Pogis; Guernsey sire. Fantim’s
Zac Taylor (imported). One registered Berkshire
Boar 5 mos. old, perfect form and breeding cannot
be boat. One Chester White Boar 9 mos. old, pure
bred, Quick and sure, an exceptional animal, price
right. 12 Single and Double Comb R. I. Red Cock¬
erels $3.00 each (Tuttle Strain). Bred for utility as
well as beauty. Full blooded Imperial Pekin Duck
Eggs for hatching $1.00 per 13— $0.00 per hundred.
Full blooded S. and D. C. R. I. Red Eggs for batch¬
ing. Guaranteed 100(4 fertility from our Utility Pens.
$1.00 per 16 — $4.00 per hundred. The above stock is
guaranteed to be pure bred and the price is right.
Robinson's HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON, Kdmeston, N. Y.
To Avoid Inbreeding;, We Will Sell Our
HERD BULL
AMERICA DE KOL BURKE,
A great son of the great De Koi Burke. It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree.
Several young calves out of A. R.O. dams for sale.
CLOY KltllALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. bunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
S‘W5r HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTEDYOU, Somerville, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI A N ASSN OF AMERICA
K.L.HOUGHTON.SEC’Y.BOX 1 05, BRATTLE BO RO.VT.
Jersey Bulls For Spring Service
From Son of “The Imported Jap.” Dams are
Flying Fox, Financial King, Stoke Pogis, and
Combination Blood. Also Fertile Eggs from
Young's S. C. W. Leghorns, Wrights w. W.van-
dottes, and Tuttle’s ID and S. 0. R. 1. Reds, $1.00
per 15, $5.00 per 100 Satisfaction guaranteed.
SH ELDON CROFT, Silver Lake, Pa.
Clias. B. Dayton, Supt.
Contains full informatron and complete feeding directions for using
BlatchforcTs Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
Mo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1800,
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill,
1911
THE RXJRA.L, NEW-YORKER
411
FIGURING CEMENT AND SAND.
M. V., Perryman, Md. — Will you advise
me the number of barrels of cement and
the quantity of sand and gravel it will
take to build a wall 170 feet long and
seven feet high? This wall is for a barn
with a cow stable underneath, and I shall
leave it to your judgment as to width. I
also wish to put a cement floor in an old
barn cellar. Will you give me the amount
of material necessary to do that job also?
Its dimensions are 60x30.
Ans. — The amount of material to
build a wall of this size will be about
as follows, if used in tbe following pro¬
portions : One part cement, three sand,
seven parts gravel, cement 50 barrels,
l~l/2 tons ; sand, 150 barrels, gravel 350
barrels. The wall should be started 18
inches wide and battered back to 10
inches at top unless the building is ex¬
pected to carry an unusually heavy load;
then it should be made 12 inches at top.
The batter should all be on outside or
face of wall, keeping the inside perpen¬
dicular, but unless building material is
unusually high in your locality I would
make the wall half that high, then use
an under frame. With matched lumber
the height of basement, you could save
a little money perhaps and still have a
first-class job and be plenty warm
enough for cows in your locality.
For the barn cellar I would put down
a mixture of the same proportion 1-3-7,
five inches thick, which would take 32
barrels cement, 96 sand and 224 gravel,
then put a hard surface one inch thick
on top of one part cement and three
parts sand, which will take 17J4 barrels
cement and 52 sand. I would prefer
the ashes from an electric light or some
large plant where they use soft coal ex¬
clusively for fuel instead of the gravel
for your floor; it gets very hard and I
think will stand better than gravel where
there is much jar or tramping, such as a
cement floor of that kind is subject to.
W. A. B.
STILL ANOTHER “HORSE COMPANY.”
I had a very broad smile when I finished
reading the article by J. Grant Morse in a
recent R. N.-Y. with regard to his stallion
investment, but if his outcome proves the
same as mine he will not be sorry for it.
1 was approached in the same way by the
same smooth story, and bit, and paid
$147.60 for one-twentieth interest in a
$2,000 stallion, that being on accumulated
interest and four poor endorsers on joint
note, leaving 16 endorsers to pay the total.
The stallion was kept and traveled by one
of the stockholders for $200 per annum, he
to take his pay from service money. After
seven years of association ownership the
horse was sold at auction for $275, that
being about enough to pay the last debt on
the original purchase, his service fees just
balanced his keeping, he being about a 20
per rent foal-getter. At the time we bought
the horse I had two fine young high-grade
Percheron mares, and there being no choice
of stallions in my vicinity was the main rea¬
son for my investing. My first colt was a
stallion which has proved an excellent foal-
getter ; will prove near 75 per cent for last
season. lie weighs 1500 pounds in work¬
ing order, and he works every day that I
have use for a horse or team, both
on the road and farm, and is as quiet as
any gelding. lie will stand hitched to a
tool in the field for an hour at a time with
no one near, and will do his own part in
a two, three or four-horse team. Last
year he was hitched on the mower and
worked on every job I had, even to the
horse fork, where he would unload a whole
load of hay without a driver, only by word.
Last Spring I sold four colts from the
old stallion, three years, four years and five
years old, for $1,000. Later I sold a wean¬
ling, grandson of the old stallion, for $150,
he being from a Brilliant-bred stallion.
I now have a stallion and two mares left
out of the deal.
I will now tell of my bad luck in breed¬
ing, as it will always come to a breeder.
My first big loss was one of the original
mares, which aborted when I was on the
road, losing a pair of twin colts, she dying
a week later. The same Winter 1 lost a
brood mare and a two-year-old ; then for
three years the other mare lost her colts
from one cause or other, all being different,
so it can be easily figured that without the
loss I could have nearly $1,500 worth of
horses at the present time. I was visiting
the late Henry Waldron some time ago, he
being a breeder and seller of stallions, and
asked if the business of selling stallions on
the association plan was generally satis¬
factory. His answer was that it was more
satisfactory to the buyer than to the seller.
He said the greatest trouble was with the
agent, who did not care who he got on the
notes as long as he got his commission.
Then he went on to say that it was the
greatest good to the horse industry of any¬
thing he knew in putting good stallions be¬
fore the public, as it would be next to im¬
possible to sell for cash and do any amount
of business. There are two faults in buy¬
ing these stallions ; one is the high price,
of which a great share is the expense of
selling, which amounts to about 40 or 50
per cent of the selling price. The other is
the condition the horse is grown in ; the
horse docs not do anything but grow and
put on fat. It is not unusual to see a ton
stallion on a 1500 pound frame. Where
the stallion is in that condition he is no
more fit to breed than a fat bull or boar
that has been shut up and fed all he can
eat without any exercise.
My advice to Mr. Morse and all the rest
who have “signed up” is to pay their little
dividend and forget it, and use the best
mare they have, and unless they are good
ones don’t breed them at all, but buy a
good one or two of the same breed as the
stallion, but don't cross, and when you
have a two-year-old filly breed her to the
same breed if you have to go 50 miles to
find a suitable stallion. The greatest trou¬
ble with the horses in our locality is that
they are promiscuously bred ; nearly all
have some standard or Thoroughbred
blood. Some one will come along with a
good-looking Clyde. A man will say “there
is old Molly that can’t do much, so I will
breed her, get a colt, the old mare can’t
earn her keep anyway,” so he gets his colt,
such as it is. Perhaps when the colt gets
old it will be a Percheron that takes his
eye, so he crosses again and he will have
nothing but a mongrel in the end. Up in
the “thumb” of Michigan are raised some
of the best horses in the State, and the
buyers know it and go regularly every year
to pick up those that are for sale. There
they can find very uniform type, as the
breeders have their favorite breed and
breed along those lines. Pick your breed,
stick to it, keep your best, sell your poor¬
est, work your mares, breed young and
you will not be sorry you bit.
Oakland Co., Mich. karl tibbitts.
STATE MILK COMMISSION.— The Ways
and Means Committee at Albany will
amend the Foley bill, providing for a State
Milk Commission to regulate the price of
milk, so that it will apply only to New
York City, instead of to all cities of the
first class. In speaking for the measure
at a hearing before the committee March
8 John B. Coleman, who, as a Special
Deputy Attorney General under Mr. O’Mal¬
ley, conducted an investigation into the
milk situation in New York, declared that
a monopoly for the purpose of fixing the
prices of milk existed in New York City.
He said the relation between supply and
demand and prices there was a dead letter.
“Proof cannot be obtained under the pres¬
ent anti-conspiracy law,” he said, “because
the dealers do not enter into an agreement
to raise the prices. They merely meet to
discuss the business situation, and the
price of milk then goes up. The dealers
have the public by the throat, as milk is
a necessity.” Mr. Coleman quoted from
several decisions to show that it was within
the power of the State to regulate prices.
“Do you think that the time has arrived
when the State should regulate the price of
all monopolies?” asked Assemblyman Mer¬
ritt.
“I do,” was the reply.
“What do you consider a fair price for
milk in New York City?”
“When sold in bottles, seven cents in the
Summer and nine cents in the Winter. At
present the price is nine cents all the year
around, and the producer receives only two
and a half cents. The margin is unfair to
both the producer and the public.”
In speaking for the bill Assemblyman
Foley, the introducer of the bill, said that
the measure had been misrepresented to the
farmers. They had been led to believe, he
said, by the big milk dealers, that the price
would have the effect of reducing the price
paid to them, but he denied that it would
in any way affect them. The representa¬
tives of dealers and farmers’ associations
spoke against, the measure, arguing that it
was not feasible to regulate prices by law,
and that the present authorities can do all
that should be done in the supervision of
the milk business. Those who spoke
against the bill included ex-Assembl.vman
Beverly R. Robinson, representing the Bor¬
den Condensed Milk Company, of New York
City ; .T. R. Stephens, C. N. Kellogg, of
Cortland; D. C. Culver, of Dutchess Co.;
Alfred Ely and B. E. Brumley, representing
the New York Sanitary Milk Dealers’ As¬
sociation.
Skim milk is being served to Harvard stu¬
dents in the dining hall, according to Will¬
iam A. Graustein, a milk contractor, who
was a witness at a legislative hearing on
the milk question at Boston March 8. Mr.
Graustein supplied one of the dining halls
until March 1 last. lie said that he knew
that his statement was correct, for the rea¬
son that the steward had told him so and
also from his own bills. One of the lawyers
present at the hearing, who is counsel for
the Massachusetts Milk Consumers’ Associa¬
tion, announced that he would bring the
matter to the attention of the Harvard au¬
thorities. •
Special Offer to Dairymen!
$10.00 Blue Prints
of the Model Dairy
Barn — $ 1 .OO.
This complete set of six blue printsof
the Model Barn designed for the Wis¬
consin State Board of Agriculture, is
for a barn accommodating 24 cows, 7
calves, 4 horses, 2 box staffs, bull pen,
hospital stall, feed room, silos, etc.
While this may not be the exact size
barn you intend building these blue
prints embody the correct principles
of lighting, ventilation, drainage, ar¬
rangement and construction, adaptable
to any barn, and offer many valuable
suggestions to any one planning to
build.
To readers of this paper we will send
the complete set of blue prints for $1.00;
or the specifications for this barn for
$1.00; or the complete lumber bill for $1.
If you order all three at one time we
will send them for $2.50.
Will Save You Money When Building.
secure bids from contractors, all
figuring on identically the same
By having the lumber bill you
can secure competitive figures
from several dealers, all on the
same items; thus enabling you to
learn where you can buy your
lumber the cheapest
. By having th e blue prints, speci¬
fications and lumber bill you can
barn, thus securing you the rock-
bottom price on the barn erected
complete.
We will also send free our port¬
folio of interior and exterior Views
of dairy barns.
James Sanitary Bam Equipment
. Is built with the single purpose of keep¬
ing cows clean and comfortable, and
making barn cleaning easy. It consists
of » completo line of stanchions and
stalls, costing from 9oc to $12.00
each, bull pens, calf pens, box-stalls, lit¬
ter, feed and milk can carriers, feed truck,
e c.
. We guarantee even our cheapest stanch¬
ions equal in every respect, and superior
in come points to any other stanchion on
the market not manufactured by us, re¬
gardless of price.
Pays For Itself.
Dairymen, however, should purchase
the James Equipment having the special
patented James features, because these
exc’usive features make possible clean
stalls and clean cows, at the same time
saving labor and feed and makingmoney
sufficient to pay for the equipment wuh-
m a year’s time.
The Five Patented Features.
The Alignment Device adjusts length
of stall to the cow, lining cows evenly on
the gutter; keeps the cows clean.
The Sure-Stop Swinging Post prevents
the cow putting her head in the wrong
place.
The Chain Lock Open Device, together
wi h the Sure - Stop Swinging Post,
makes the stall cow-proo ’, and forces the
cow to put her head in the stanchion.
Saves time and bother.
The Double Chain Hanger makes pos¬
sible a high level curb, saving labor and
material when building, and preventing
waste of feed.
The Self-Cleaning Individual Manger
saves time and labor, saves feed and pre¬
vents certain injuries to cows; manger
raises, trough easily swept out, and used
for watering.
Fu.l information given in catalog No.&
Free Barn Plan Service.
Purchasers of James Barn Equipment
get free a service for which architects
charge a large fee. Our experience in
design ng dairy barns makes it possible
for us to save you money in planning
your bam. If you intend building, be
sure to ask for information regarding
our bam plan service.
If interested in Stalls, Stanchions, Bull
Pens, Calf Pens, or Box Stalls, we will
send you book No. 8.
Ii interested in Litter, Feed, or Milk
Two Big Valuable Books Free.
KENT MANUFACTURING CO. 2130 Cane St,
jVpr&
Can Carriers, or Feed Trucks, we will
send “Bam Work Made Easy.” Fill
out the coupon now and mail it to¬
day; state number of cows owned.
Ft. Atkinson, Wis.
Kent
Mfg.Co.
2130 Cane St
Ft. Atkinson.
Wis.
How many cows
have you? .
Are you interested in
Stalls and Stanchions?
Are you interested in Car¬
riers?. . .
Shal 1 we send Blue Prints? .....
Specifications?. . . Lumber Bill?. .
I enclose $ .
Name .
Town ,
R. F. D.
State
412
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 25,
CULL POTATOES FOR STOCK FEEDING.
1. What do you consider cull potatoes
worth per bushel to feed to milch cow?
What do you consider them worth to feed
to horses or to fatten steer and hogs?
Take into consideration that this is the
only succulent feed I have. 2. Give me
a good ration for milch cows, also for
fattening steer. I have clover hay, small
potatoes, corn on cob, rye and oats.
Pennsylvania. E. e. h.
1. We consider potatoes to be worth
from 15 to 20 cents per bushel for cattle,
horses and pigs, the value varying some¬
what under local conditions and the
comparative prices of other feeding
stuffs. For cows or steers, where no
other succulent food is available, prob¬
ably 20 cents per bushel would be a fair
price for potatoes. They should be
cooked and mixed with grain to give
best results for pigs. This is unneces¬
sary for cattle or horses.
2. The following ration for milch cows
ought to give good satisfaction : 15
pounds clover hay; 20 pounds potatoes;
two pounds corn and cob meal ; two
pounds ground oats ; four pounds bran ;
one pound linseed meal — figured for a
1,000-pound animal. It is not possible to
compound a first-class ration for milch
cows from the feeds which you have
without buying some concentrated foods
rich in protein. We would, therefore,
sell the rye and purchase bran and
linseed meal. If oats are at a premium
for horses in your section, some of
them may be sold to advantage. It must
be borne in mind, however, that oats
are worth 10 per cent more than bran,
pound for pound, for cows. If you have
an abundance of potatoes to dispose of
you may feed more than 20 pounds per
day to advantage. If your supply is
limited it will be better to feed a com¬
paratively small amount so as not to run
out of succulent food entirely before pas¬
tures are ready. Possibly bran and lin¬
seed meal may not be the cheapest
sources of protein in your market; in
that case a substitution may be made.
c. s. M.
LAME PIGS.
For a number of years I have wintered
from 10 to 20 pigs and about half of this
number get stiff and lame generally in
their hind-quarters. Sometimes they get so
bad they are unable to come to the trough
to eat, and consequently do not grow, and
even if they do feed they do not grow
nearly as well as they should, although
they seldom die from the trouble. This
Winter they seem to be worse than ever.
These pigs are kept three in a place so
they are not cramped at all. I never let
them get wet or dirty, as I gave them clean
straw every other day ; also they are on a
plank floor. They are feed three times a
day on middlings mixed up in warm slop
and are fed no corn or hard feed at all.
They are fed all the soft coal they will eat
up clean three times a week, for grit. The
pens are fairly warm, but lack much sun¬
light, as there are only two small windows
in the whole large pen, and it is quite
dark. I had another lot that were kept
in a separate pen under exactly the same
conditions as the ones that got lame, except
they had plenty of light and none of this
lot ever got lame and did exceedingly well.
I might say I never have such trouble with
pigs in Summer, or with heavy hogs or
brood sows in the Winter. These lame
pigs actually seem to shrink in weight and
seem to shrivel up to a shadow, and mean
a great loss to the feeder. Could you give
the cause and cure of this trouble, or better,
still a preventive of it? Would you con¬
sider this lack of sunlight would have any¬
thing to do with it? R. H. R.
Probably your pigs are suffering from
rheumatism. See that the pens, especially
where they make their beds, are kept dry.
The straw should be changed often ; a
little dry litter is better than a lot of
damp material. If the cold air can cir¬
culate beneath the plank floor this may be
a cause for the trouble. Try a little change
of feed, one part of corn or barley meal
to four parts of the middlings will help
to keep them warm. We find that a thick
slop, even when warm, is better for pigs
in cold weather than too much drink. I
have seen pigs forced to nearly drown
themselves in order to take in enough
solid food to keep alive. A mixture of
salt and wood ashes helps to keep the di¬
gestive organs active, and a few roots once
a day are very beneficial. Your pen un¬
doubtedly needs more light. Let in the sun
if possible, and see that there is chance
for ventilation. Dark pens are very apt
to be damp and poorly ventilated.
C. s. M.
The Dairymen’s League.
The “Dairymen's League” is being agi¬
tated in all dairy sections and seems to
offer the only solution to the question of
profitable dairying. This League has the
same plan of action practically as the Cal¬
ifornia Orange Growers’ Association, and
we all know what that association does
for the orange grower. The Dairymen’s
League will do Just as much for the
dairymen if they will only organize and
get interested, and here in our section of
Sullivan County we are very anxious to
do our bit of the shouting if our old
standby. The R. N.-Y., will help out occa¬
sionally. Henry Vail organized a local
branch of the League at a public meeting
in Liberty, N. Y., on February 21. He
has since organized branches at Blooming-
burg, Luzon, and Livingston Manor, so that
Sullivan County is fairly well represented.
We belong to the Liberty Branch, which,
however, is yet in its infancy on account
of the small attendance at the public
meeting, where about 160 cows were en¬
rolled on the spot. Then I took the sub¬
scription blank and in one afternoon se¬
cured 160 more cows. Now several more
men will go around with the blanks and
as we are planning for another meeting
with some good speakers, in the near fu¬
ture, I trust that this section will soon be
as well organized as Orange County is at
the present time. Now, a word on milk
prices. You quote 3% cents as New York
Exchange price. IIow is it that we don’t
realize anything like that up here? We
are in the 29-cent zone, I think. Before
March 1, we received at the Empire State
Dairy Co.’s creamery at Liberty, $1.37
per can of 40 quarts. This is a shipping
station on the Ontario & Western R. R.
and is supposed to be paying New York
prices. Since the first of the month the
price is $1.17 per can, and $1.12 at their
Stevensville creamery, four miles from Lib¬
erty. Just think of it, 2% cents for Win¬
ter milk that probably averages four per
cent butter fat, nine cents a quart to the
consumer ! Not much of a square deal, Is
it? IIow is it that we are not getting
the New York quotation price, less one-
quarter cent for cartage to railroad?
Ferndale, N. Y. e. o. m.
Chorea.
I have a good Scotch collie dog ; he has
what I would call a stroke of paralysis in
his hind quarters ; cannot control his hind
feet and part of his back. Can you find
out what I must do for him, as I don’t
want to lose him? MRS. J. P. R.
We suspect that the dog has chorea (St.
Vitus’ dance) which often follows distem¬
per and proves practically Incurable. Give
Fowler’s solution of arsenic in increasing
doses commencing with three drops at a
dose twice daily and increasing a drop
daily. Go back to first dose and repeat
when any adverse symptom is seen. Also
give emulsion of cod liver oil twice dally
and feed well on nutritious foods. Let
dog live out of doors as much as possible.
a. s. A.
Dr. HESS DIP
and Disinfectant
— one part dip to 70 of water — meets
the United States Government require¬
ment as an official dip for sheep scab.
It has proved invaluable to American
sheep raisers as a preventive and cure
for this costly disease.
You can use it with little trouble
and absolute certainty of good results.
Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant de¬
stroys the germs of hog cholera, infec¬
tious pneumonia, foot rot in sheep,
and all forms of parasitic diseases on
cattle, poultry, sheep and swine.
One gallon makes 50 to 100 gal¬
lons of solution ready for use.
Write for Dip Boob.
DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.
of the World’s
Creameries Use
CREAM SEPARATORS
Ten years ago there were a dozen different makes of creamery
or factory separators in use. Today over 98 per cent, of the
world’s creameries use DE LAVAL separators exclusively.
It means a difference of several thousand dollars a year
whether a DE LAVAL or some
other make of separator is used
in a creamery.
Exactly the same differences
exist, on a smaller scale, in the
use of farm separators. Owing
to the fact, however, that most
farm users do not keep as ac¬
curate records as the creamery-
man, they do not appreciate
just what the difference between
a good and a poor separator
means to them in dollars and
cents. Nine times out of ten
the farmer can’t tell whether or
not he is wasting $50 to $100 a
year in quantity and quality of
product through the use of an
inferior cream separator.
If you were in need of
legal advice, you would go to a
lawyer. If you were sick you
would consult a doctor. If you
had the toothache you would
see a dentist. Why? Because these men are all specialists in
their line, and you rely upon their judgment and skill. When it
comes to buying a separator why not profit by the experience of
the creameryman? His experience qualifies him to advise you
correctly. He knows which separator will give you the best
service and be the most economical for you to buy. That’s why 98
per. cent, of the world’s creameries use the DE LAVAL exclusively.
There can be no better recommendation for the DE LAVAL
cream separator than the fact that the men who make the
separation of milk a business use the DE LAVAL to the practical
exclusion of all other makes.
THE DE
I66-Ifl7 Broadway
NEW YORK
LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
£9 E. Madiaon Straal
CHICAGO
Drumm & Sacramento Sta.
SAN FRANCISCO
173-177 William Stroat
MONTREAL
14 & 18 Princeaa Straal
WINNIPEG
1018 Western Avenue
SEATTLE
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A John Deere
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Mention the package number sure, then
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DEERE & COMPANY, MOLINE, ILL
Removes
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Sloan’s Liniment is the best remedy for
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IIEKE’S PROOF.
Mr. Anthony O. Hiyer, of Oakdale, Pa.. R. F. D. 1,
writes: — “ Sloan’s Liniment is the best made. I have
taken shoe boils of f a horse with It as big as a water
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about it and they have used it.”
SLOANS
LINIMENT
At all dealers. Price, 50c. and $1.00. Send for free book
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1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
413
LATE SEEDED RYE; TIMOTHY IN SPRING
C. A. G., Morristown , N. J. — I moved on
the farm in September, 1910, and as the
place was very much run down, and three-
fourths of the fields in bush and weeds,
I wanted to make some show on what was
open, so after getting in about two acres of
very doubtful corn, I made a verbal con¬
tract with a neighbor, that he should plow
and seed in rye and Timothy this land,
two acres, for $16, and put in clover in
the Spring. He plowed once, harrowed
once with Acme harrow, then tells me he
put in the rye. I did not see it, but took
his word for it, but so far no sign of any
rye has come up. The clover I have on
hand for seeding in the Spring, as well as
the Timothy that he was supposed to put in
with the rye, but put off till so late that
the ground jvas frozen, then he offered to
do the work. Will you tell me what will
the results be, if in the Spring I harrow
over the field with a light spike-tooth har¬
row, then sow in the clover and Timothy
seed with drill, harrow lightly again?
Would it do any good to top-dress the field
with some good fertilizer? I have a large
field, about eight acres, that looks as if it
had been in grass, or perhaps better say
weeds, for several years. In September
this field was covered with “white-root”
weeds, just in bloom, and I had an under¬
standing with this same above-mentioned
neighbor to go in and cut down these weeds
with machine before they went to seed. This
was never done, so there they are still
standing. What is the best way to get rid
of them, and at the same time keep the
field in grass for this year? Would it do
any good if I harrowed the field lightly,
then top-dressed with good commercial fer¬
tilizer, and then sowed in Timothy, harrow¬
ing again lightly?
A ns. — The rye may come in Spring
and make a fair stand. We have two
make a good start with the plan you
mention, but the Timothy may not be
satisfactory. That would better have
been seeded in Fall. By all means use
fertilizer. Select a brand high in nitro¬
gen, as this is needed to force the rye
and grass. You will not get rid of these
weeds until you kill them out by culti¬
vation. Plow and plant some crop that
can be cultivated both ways and hoed.
Using fertilizer to get rid of weeds by
forcing grass is a good theory, but does
not practice so well. We have not been
to pay.
Horse Feeding Advice,
What grain should I feed to horses,
weighing about 1,000 pounds each, that are
working moderately? I have Timothy
hay for roughage, grain at the following
prices : Oats 45 cents a bushel ; cracked
corn $1.15 per hundred ; bran $1.35 per
hundred. Ajax flakes $1.00; cotton-seed
meal $1.60; oil meal (old process) $2.10
per hundred. c. B. H.
Pennsylvania.
A good grain ration for horses work¬
ing moderately can be made by mixing
65 pounds oats, 15 pounds cracked corn,
15 pounds Ajax flakes and five pounds
oil meal. A great deal of the success
in feeding this mixture lies in the way
it is used and the care that is given
the horses. A horse should be fed the
greater part of the hay at night, with
but very little in the morning and at
noon. The grain ration should be di¬
vided into three feeds a day, and should
be given regularly at the same time
morning, noon and night, but the quan¬
tity should be varied according to the
condition a horse is in and the amount
of work he is doing each day. Ten
plenty if horse is in good condition.
C. S. G.
Expensive Ration.
I have seven cows, three of them fresh¬
ened In the Spring about May, and four in
September last. I expect two to freshen
in Spring about May. Two of the fall cows
are to freshen in September again ; the
rest are not in calf yet. I am only getting
50 quarts of milk daily, and as feed is
very high this is not enough to pay. Should
such cows make up the loss in the Summer
season? I feed wheat bran and middlings
entirely, bran six quarts, middlings two
quarts twice daily, mixed into a slop with
hot water. I add a tablespoonful of salt at
each feed. I feed all the hay they will
cows are the average size, mixed breeds.
I lease advise if you think the cows are
poor, or if the feed is wrong.
You cannot expect average cows,
which have been milked from six to 10
months, to give milk enough to pay a
very great profit over the cost of feed
at this time. Your ration also is not
well suited to the production of a large
flow of milk, and it is doubtful if it would
pay you to change it materially before
your cows freshen again. If you can¬
not find a ration suited to your require¬
ments among those published in The
R. N.-Y. from week to week we will
compound a ration for you if you will
furnish a list of your available feeding
stuffs, stating what kind of hay or other
roughage you have and the market prices
of same. This information is necessary
before a proper formula can be made.
C. S. G.
AILING ANIMALS.
Black Teeth in Pigs.
We have at our place young pigs which
are failing very fast, and some are dead.
We saw that they have black teeth. Please
give us future advice. e. v.
Connecticut.
Black teeth do no harm and are not the
cause of the failure to thrive or of the
deaths. Worms are more likely the cause.
See treatment for same in back numbers of
the paper. We are unable to prescribe,
as you do not describe symptoms, post¬
mortem lesions, or say how the pigs are
fed and managed. a. s. a.
Horse with Tender Feet.
I have a heavy horse which I bought in
the city about three weeks ago. He was
6old to me because he had tender feet,
but I found out that the tendons in his
legs seemed to be strained. His front legs
bother him more than his hind ones, and
sometimes he trembles with his front legs,
lie is only a young horse. Do you think
limiment would fix him up all right? Which
is the better of these two liniments? No.
1. One pint of alcohol, one-half pint vine¬
gar, five cent lump of camphor dissolved.
No. 2. Whites of two eggs, % pint of tur¬
pentine, % pint vinegar, five cent lump of
camphor dissolved. h. r.
Pennsylvania.
The second liniment is the better of the
two, but blistering would be the best treat¬
ment. Clip off the hair and rub in cerate
of cantharides, a little at a time, for 15
minutes, then tie the horse up short so he
cannot lie down or bite blistered parts.
Wash the blister off in 48 hours, and then
apply a little lard daily. Repeat the blister
in a month if found necessary. a. s. a.
Scours.
I have a two-year-old Short-horn bull
that has something like scours, and have
born feeding on corn stover, clover and Red-
top hay with one-half gallon ground wheat
at night. Will you tell me what to do
for him ? g. j. s.
North Carolina.
Stop feeding ground wheat, and substi¬
tute whole oat, bran and a little cornmeal.
Scouring is merely a symptom of irritation,
not a disease. It will be necessary to re¬
move the cause. It also may indicate either
far advanced tuberculosis or Johne’s disease
(chronic bacterial dysentery).. Both are in¬
curable and contagious. a. s. a.
Tetanus.
TIow can I treat a case of tetanus or
lockjaw in a mule? I am having lots of
trouble with that tetanus germ, and I
would like to know how to manage the
case. m. s.
West Virginia.
You cannot “manage” it. Treatment is
practically useless, and fussing and dosing
merely hastens death. ' Prevention is all
important in your district. Never cover a
wound with a salve which excludes air.
The tetanus bacillus cannot live in the
presence of air. Keep wounds open and
dress often with a 1-500 solution of cor¬
rosive sublimate. This tends to prevent
the disease. When a horse gets a nail prick
or other wound lockjaw may be success¬
fully prevented by giving a hypodermic in¬
jection of tetanus antitoxin. Any gradu¬
ate veterinarian can do this for you.
a. s. a.
Consider These Feeds in the Cow’s Stomach
fields, seeded late, which did not come
up last Fall. We expect to see the fields
well covered by May. The clover will
quarts of the above mixture is enough
for an average 1000-pound horse, and
when not working six quarts should be
able to thicken a stand of Timothy by
seeding on the old sod. It is not likely clean up twice daily, and water just after
noon with cold but not ice water. The
I lb. Dry
I lb. Moistened
I lb. Dry
I lb. Moistened
1 lb. Dry
1 lb. Moistened
Corn Meal
This and the illustration following show a
pound of Corn Meal and Cottonseed Meal first
dry and then moistened. Notice that the water
does not materially increase the bulk; the feed
remaining in a tightly packed mass.
Cottonseed Meal
Corn Meal and Cottonseed Meal tightly
packed in the cow’s stomach interfere with
the digestion. Much of the food is wasted,
less milk is obtained, and the cow is liable to
lose health.
Dried Beet Pulp
Notice how Dried Beet Pulp swells when
moistened. Uoosely held together, the gastric
juices circulate freely; it is digested to the
utmost. This is why Dried Beet Pulp means
healthier cows, more milk and more profits.
No More Need For Silage
Use Dried Beet Pulp for Succulence
Dried Beet Pulp, being a light, bulky, loosely-held-together feed, is digested
to its utmost availability. When used with rich, nutritious but solid feeds it
loosens up the entire ration, and the cow digests all that is digestible; all the Beet
Pulp, all the Cottonseed Meal, all the Corn — there is no waste.
Ibis is the big reason for Dried Beet Pulp, and why it is in a class by itself.
Its greatest value is obtained when fed with other good feeds which frequently
pack in the stomach and are not fully digested. Perfect digestion means perfect
health. Perfect health means the greatest milk production and the greatest
profits. Feed Dried Beet Pulp and you get the most that your cows can give you.
The cow likes her beet pulp ration ; she keeps healthy, and she gives milk to the
limit of her capacity.
Diied Beet Pulp is a better food than corn silage, and a cheaper food than
roots. A Dried Beet Pulp ration will produce 10% more milk than a silage
ration. It contains all the milk making materials of original sugar beets — only
t ie sugar being extracted. It is as palatable and succulent as a vegetable food.
Any number of dairymen who are feeding Dried Beet Pulp write us they would
not go back to tbeir old silage feed even if they could get it for nothing.
Dried Beet Pulp loosens up the ration so that it is easily digested. It all
comes back to you in the milk pail. It is not a medicine— not a patent food or
cure-all, not a mixed feed, but a straight, natural vegetable so necessary to keep
cows in first-class condition.
To Dairymen Everywhere
East of Mississippi River, Except in States of Wisconsin and Michigan.
Go to your dealer, show him this advertisement, tell him you want to try a
sack of Dried Beet Pulp at our risk. Don’t take “no” for an answer; this matter
means too much for you in increased profits. Plere is our proposition — it involves
no risk for you or the dealer.
We will ship your dealer (if he or some other nearby dealer does not already
carry it in stock) 500 lbs. Dried Beet Pulp so that you can try one sack. If after
you have fed it,, the cow you have selected has not increased her milk production,
we authorize the dealer to return to you in full your purchase price, and we will
in turn refund to the dealer. The decision in the matter will rest entirely with
you , your dealings will be with the man you know and with whom you trade.
If you are not near a dealer, or your local dealer will not send for this trial
order, write us quick for direct shipment on our guaranteed trial.
To Dealers Everywhere
East of Mississippi River, Except in States of Wisconsin and Michigan.
Please note above guarantee and govern yourselves accordingly.
‘The Larrowe Milling Company DehXSffi
4X4
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 25,
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘‘protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat’* is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight Of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A ‘‘narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
—a "wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
A Ration for Calves.
Will you give a ration for young calves
(less than six months) which will be better
balanced than the one we are now using?
This is 100 pounds wheat bran, 100 pounds
wheat middlings, 100 pounds oil meal, 100
pounds cornmeal. We have been feeding
one quart per day with what hay they
will clean up, but I think now they are
old enough to need more. J. H. d.
I do not know that I could improve
upon the ration you are feeding unless
it would be to add 100 pounds of either
whole or part ground oats. By feeding
this ration properly, that is giving just
enough to keep your calves in a healthy,
thriving condition, they should make a
very satisfactory growth. Of course they
must have good care, or much good feed
will be wasted. It pays to take good
care of the young stock as well as the
milking herd, keeping them in a warm,
light, well ventilated stable with a good
dry bed of straw or shavings to lie on.
c. s. G.
Improving the Ration.
Please select from the following feeds the
best and cheapest balanced ration to feed
for the production of milk. Cotton-seed
meal, price per ton, .$3(5 ; Hector grains,
$34 • Buffalo gluten, $28 ; rye grains, $23 ;
middlings. $32 : wheat bran, $29 ; sucrene
dairy feed, $2(5; corn and cob meal. $22;
wet brewers’ grains, 16 cents per bushel ;
mixed hay, $10 per ton ; corn fodder, 00
cents per stack. I can buy Biles Beady
Ration for $33 per ton. Will the Ready
Ration be better and cheaper than a ration
I can get from the above feeds? a. n.
New Jersey.
From the feeding stuffs named and
prices given you can do no better than
to feed the Ready Ration mixed with
cotton-seed meal in the proportion of
about 4 pounds of the Ready Ration to
one pound of cotton-seed meal. This
will give you an excellent ration for
the production of milk. I cannot judge
the value of your corn fodder at “60c
per stack,” as I do not know how
large the stack is or if it is good qual¬
ity, but unless the price is very low
you will probably do better without it
and just feed the mixed hay. You
will notice, however, that this ration
lacks one important factor, and that
is succulence. If you had some silage
to feed, instead of hay entirely you
would have a much better ration. In
the absence of silage or other laxative
feed it should pay you to feed some
dried beet pulp soaked and mixed
with your grain ration. c. s. G.
Feeding for Yellow Milk.
Would you give me a balanced ration for
my cows? I have three, weighing from 900
to 1,050 pounds, and all giving between 12
and 14 quarts daily. I have to buy all my
feed, and these are the prices of the food
stuffs in this market: Alfalfa hay, $22.50
a ton ; Timothy hay, $23 ; clover hay,
$18.50 ; shucks, $15 ; oat straw, $14 ; bran,
$28 ; middlings, $28 ; shorts, $28 ; cotton¬
seed meal, $35 ; linseed meal, $50 ; corn-
meal, 75 cents a bushel ; oats, 50 cents ;
molasses, 20 cents gallon ; beet pulp, $27
a ton. I can sell all my milk at eight cents
a quart, and my customers want rich yel¬
low milk. My cows are all Jersey crosses
and last Winter gave rich-looking milk.
This Winter I am feeding Alfalfa and beet
pulp, and the milk is white and watery
looking. Can you suggest a way to im¬
prove its appearance? c. p. D.
Virginia.
I would suggest the following ration
compounded from the feeding stuffs
mentioned as being well adapted for
your purpose:
Digestible
Dry
Feeding Stuff. Matter. Protein.
Carbon
and Fat.
5 lbs. Alfalfa -
4.00
.55
2.115
15 lbs. clover hay
12.75
1.02
5.94
1 lbs. cottonseed
meal .
.92
.372
.444
2 lbs. bran .
1.70
.244
.906
2 lbs. cornmeal. . .
1.78
.158
1.528
4 lbs. dried beet
pulp .
3.704
.272
2.610
25.514
2.016
13.549
Nutritive ratio, 1.5.2.
There should be a good profit in sell¬
ing milk at eight cents per quart when
feeding the above ration. The quality
of the milk, or more properly its but¬
ter fat content, is governed almost en¬
tirely by the individual animal from
which it is produced and the length of
time she has been in lactation. It is
a well established fact, contrary to the
belief of some people, that the feed
given a cow exerts very little influence
over the butter fat content of the milk
provided she is always fed a mod¬
erately full ration. Of course, milk
can be made poor by starving the cow,
but that is another matter. The feed,
however, exerts more or less influence
over the color of the milk, and to get
yellow milk I would recommend feed¬
ing yellow feed, like cotton-seed meal
or yellow cornmeal. Your customers
should learn that it is not always the
yellow milk which contains the most
butter fat. Good well-fed Jersey cows
ought to give milk that would satisfy
the most critical consumer without try¬
ing to color it with yellow feed.
C. S. G.
Peavine Silage with Grain.
Will you give me a balanced ration for
my cows? They were fresh in November
last. I sell the milk. I have cotton-seed
meal, cost $35 per ton ; oil meal, $38 per
ton ; bran, $20; cornmeal, $23. 1 have oats
I can have ground, but they are worth 40
cents per bushel. I can get Biles XXXX,
$32 per ton. What can I leave out and
have as good results? 1 am feeding pea-
vine silage from a canning factory, which
I feed after each milking. I have sweet
cornstalks that I feed at noon. The corn
was picked and canned. 1 have nice clover
hay that 1 give them about 4 o'clock p. m.
New York. R. a. n.
Here is the analysis of a balanced ra¬
tion compounded from some of the feed¬
ing stuffs mentioned that ought to pro¬
duce milk very economically when fed to
good cows :
Digestible
Dry Pro- Carbs.
Feeding Stuff. Matter.
tein.
and Fat.
30
lbs. peavine silage.
8.10
.75
4.23
10
lbs. corn stover. . . .
0.00
.17
3.4
7
lbs. clover hay .
5.95
.470
2.772
1
lb. cotton-seed meal
.92
.372
.444
1
lb. wheat bran....
.88
.122
.453
2
lbs. cornmeal .
1.78
.158
1.528
2
lbs. Biles XXXX. . .
1.84
.490
1.104
25.47
2.544
13.931
Nutritive ration 1 :5.4.
If you prefer you can substitute
ground oats in place of the cornmeal, or
you could mix them equal parts. For
this ration you have to buy but six
pounds of grain per day at a cost of 8.55
cents, which is very low for a ration
which contains practically everything for
the production of milk. Many grain ra¬
tions cost from 10 to 15 cents each, sim¬
ply because the roughage supplied does
not contain the proper nutrients or is
of poor quality. Persons situated where
they can make a good quality of corn
or peavine silage certainly have a great
advantage over those who try to produce
milk on an exclusive ration of dry feed.
The production of clover and Alfalfa
is also of great assistance to dairymen
in making cheap rations. c. s. G.
Hog Ration ; Fattening a Cow.
1. Will you give me hog ration from fol¬
lowing : A1 grade of flour sweepings at $14
per ton ; wheat bran, $23 per ton ; oil
meal, $2.10 per 100; beet pulp, $30 per
ton ; cornmeal, $27 per ton. Can I use
any other feeds to advantage? 1 can get
almost anything here. 2. 1 have a large
cow, not in calf, is dry. I can sell her
now for $20, would bring $40 or more if
fat. Would it pay me to fatten her? If
so give me fattening ration ; I have clover
hay in addition to above feeds. G. s. M.
New Jersey.
1. Y’our question is not very definite,
as a ration for a hog at one stage of its
growth may be entirely unsuited for one
at another stage, while breeders require
still different feed and care. After
weaning young pigs require feed for
growth, and a slop made of wheat mid¬
dlings, soaked ground oats and wheat
bran answers the purpose as well as
anything for Winter feed. When they
have started to eat and grow nicely it
is a good plan to feed a little tankage
cr oil meal mixed with the other grain.
Begin with a very small amount and
increase up to five or 10 per cent of
their grain ration. About twice as much
oil meal can be given as tankage. As
the pigs grow older a little cornmeal
should be added to the ration, gradually
increasing the proportion of cornmeal
until, during about two months before
marketing, it can form the greater part
of the ration. No oil meal or tankage
is required during the fattening period.
A good quality of flour sweepings at $14
per ton ought to prove to be profitable
as a feed for growth, but my experience
with such feed is that it contains so
much dirt, hulls, shucks and trash of
all sorts that it is not only expensive
but positively dangerous as a feed for
swine. During warm weather of course
there is nothing that can take the place
of good pasture as a feed for either
growing pigs or breeders. I do not
think it would pay to feed beet pulp
at $30 per ton to pigs that are being
prepared for market, but breeding sows
require some kind of green feed like cut
clover or Alfalfa or a few roots of
some kind during the Winter months, so
it would be a good plan to feed them
some beet pulp in the absence of any¬
thing cheaper.
2. If your cow had been fed properly
she would have been in good condition
for beef now, but under ordinary condi¬
tions it would not pay you to try to fat¬
ten her up now. c. s. G.
Trade In Your Old Separator
This year we shall continue to make an allowance in trade for old
separators in exchange for the
United States Cream Separator
Thousands upon thousands of dairymen have taken advantage of our
offer during the past year, and this year will probably see a great
increase in the number of “ exchanges.”
The old separators are of no use to us. They are sold for old
metal to junkmen. But every United States which supplants
an inferior, worn-out machine is another “silent” advertiser of the
merits of the United States. That is why we shall be glad to make
you a liberal allowance , so that you may know what the best
separator is like— and tell your neighbors.
To owners of old models of the United States Cream Separator we
make the same liberal offer. The old models, perfect skimmers,
durable and still desirable in most respects, have been greatly im¬
proved upon in later models, especially in respect to easy running.
It will be money in your pocket to consult a U. S. agent immediately.
If there is none near you, write to our home office, asking for
Catalogue No. 159, and we shall attend to your wants.
The United States holds the World’s Record for skimming, made in
50 consecutive tests, extending through 30 days, with the milk
of 10 different breeds of cows. Also won the only Grand Prize
at Seattle, 1909.
Vermont Farm Machine Co. Vermont, U. S. A.
DAIRY SUPPLIES
Equipping dairies, large and small, with the
latest improved labor-saving and money-making
utensils is our specialty. Send dimensions of
room and results desired and our experts will
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1911.
THE KURAL NEW-YORKER
41G
The Henyard.
HOMEMADE BROODER.
I made a homemade brooder like the
one on page 48 of "The Business lien.” It
heats ail right, hut it accumulates gas in
the lamp box and causes the lamp to take
Are. How would you get rid of gas in
lamp box except by some sort of chimney,
as the plan of homemade brooder does not
tell? w. s.
New Cumberland, Pa.
It is not the “accumulated gas in the
lamp box” that made the lamp take fire ;
it is filling the lamp too full of oil, and
in returning it to the box care must
be taken to carry the lamp level, or
the oil will overflow on top of the
lamp, and with the wick turned up high
on a cold night the oil on top of lamp
will sometimes catch fire. But I am
very careful to see that there is no oil
on top of the lamp after it is placed
in the brooder; if there is, I carefully
wipe it off. As to gas in the lamp box
(by which, I presume, he means the
fumes from the burning oil), I either
bore three or four one-inch holes in
the back of the lamp box, just below
the sheet iron or leave the sliding cover
of the entrance hole for the lamp partly
open. In the gable ends of my brood¬
er house are large holes covered with
wooden shutters hinged at top ; these
are held open by a stick, and a draft of
air across the top of the house takes
out whatever fumes there may be.
There is a great difference in oil;
only the best should be used. It would
be a good thing to have a tin pipe
from each lamp box connected to a long
pipe that would carry the fumes out¬
doors. GEO. A. COSGROVE.
ALL SIDES OF THE CHICKEN BUSINESS.
‘‘When the doctors disagree, who shall
decide?” S. II. Burton, of Indiana, tells
the beginner to keep away from the chicken
business as you would from a loaded gun.
W. J. Dougan says he makes more money
from his hens than the dairyman makes
from his cows. Gori & Son say they made
$120 from 12 hens in one year. James E.
Walter, Jr., and wife evidently have hens
that give them good returns, as they are
inclined to back Mr. Dougan in his claims.
All this in one number of The It. N.-Y.
Should we look over old files we would
find hundreds of statements from appar¬
ently reliable people — not expert poultry
keepers like Mr. Cosgrove and others, who
write so sensibly on the subject of hens —
who tell of their success in getting a real
and satisfactory prolit from their poultry.
Then wlmt is the amateur going to do
about it? Mr. Burton warns the “begin¬
ner” to keep away from poultry. As every¬
thing terrestrial has a beginning, we fear
If Mr. Burton’s advice were generally
adopted the race of poultrymen would soon
become extinct.
But has Mr. Burton been entirely fair to
the hens? Should he expect four hens to
pay for their feed and that of a cockerel
and also a forty-dollar equipment? Did
his fruit pay for the ground and buildings,
the Implements, horses, and every tiling
necessary to carry on the business, the first
year? Did it do it the second year, or
the third year? It has yielded $600 in
cash returns in the three years. I infer
these are gross returns. If expenses — not
including his own labor — are deducted,
what per cent, of profit will the remainder
show on the total investment? I am not
trying to minimize the profits of fruit
growing, or making any attempt to show
that poultry is more profitable. I merely
wish to point out a seeming discrepancy in
Mr. Burton’s method of figuring the re¬
turns from his poultry. Growing fruit is
his principal business. Other enterprises
are incidental, and most fruit growers
usually find it convenient and profitable to
carry on some kind of work in connection
with their fruit growing. Poultry and bees
are frequently recommended as two excel¬
lent side lines. If one or both fails to
return a reasonable profit, it is not busi¬
ness-like to waste time with them. But
as some people evidently do meet with
success in both poultry and bee-keeping,
we should know the factors that contrib¬
ute to or insure that success. I like the
appearance of Mr. Burton's peach trees, and
his rows of strawberries give me the im¬
pression that he knows how to grow that
“best of all fruits.” You see, I am doing
a little In that line myself ; have about
18 acres of strawberries to bear this year,
besides a few acres of other small fruits,
and I know when a strawberry row “looks
good.” Mr. Burton will succeed in this
work — no doubt about it. While the grow¬
ing of small fruits is my principal busi¬
ness, I also make a tidy sum from my
poultry each year. Certainly, I should
want a flock to furnish eggs and meat for
my own table, if nothing more ; and I
would expect both to cost me less than
if I bought them as needed.
I figure that the $19 worth of young
stock Mr. Burton raised gives him a profit
of over 15 per cent, on the capital invested
in buildings, fences and appliances, after
deducting cost of feed. Did he not get
any more eggs than were necessary to hatch
45 head of young stock? If not, his four
hens have certainly broken no records for
heavy laying. Then what about the other
cockerels that were hatched? Were the
losses confined principally to the male
side of the chick family, or has Mr. Bur¬
ton actually and truly discovered a method
by which he can each and every time hatch
over 80 per cent of pullets? If so, let
him leave the lucrative business of fruit
growing and the seductive but fatal allure¬
ments of poultry-keeping to those who have
to be satisfied with small things, and seek
the help of the printer in getting out a
2x4 pamphlet to launch another “system”
on the heads and purses of a defenceless
public that is now so busy discussing reci¬
procity that they may not take the trouble
to dodge.
But I take it that Mr. Burton is sincere
in his belief that poultry-keeping is not
apt to be a profitable side line for him,
and perhaps it would not. If. Mr. Bur¬
ton or anyone else is not adapted to this
work, or if for any reason he cannot give
it the same attention to details, apply econ¬
omy in management, and use the same
careful business methods that are neces¬
sary to success in any line of work, bet¬
ter accept the advice that he gives and
keep away from it as from a loaded gun.
My experience in fruit growing prompts
me to suggest to Mr. Burton that there
are rocks and shoals ahead in this busi¬
ness that he may strike sometimes — late
frosts, grubs, blight, and other insect pests
and fungus diseases, that will keep him on
the alert, and call forth the qualities that
are necessary to win success in any line of
human endeavor. J. c. nicholls.
Macon Co., Ill.
Fried Oats. — In a recent R. N.-Y'. G. W.
McL. tells of feeding oats fried in fat. How
does he fry them? J. L.
I use any good clean grease, such as
pork (fresh i fat, the grease that can be
obtained when cooking corn beef or sausage
fat, etc. I take one peck of oats and
cover with scalding water and let them
stand till the water is soaked up. Then
to every two quarts allow one cup of hot
fat. I’ut fat in spider and when hot pour
in the oats and stir thoroughly. Feed
while hot. Even if there arc more oats
than needed at one time they will be good
any time as long as they are used in hot
fat. G. w. MCL.
Referring to an article on page 148, en¬
titled “Business Hens and the Census,” by
R. N. G., will say the same conditions exist
here in western New Y’ork. Will note one
case : Mrs. A. owned a small place less than
three acres, kept a horse, cow and hens,
raised berries, fruits and vegetables, from
which was sold for cash, nearly $300. The
enumerator said his instructions were to
take no notice whatever of places of less
than three acres. Surely Uncle Sam is a
corker ! On same page A. C. W. asks for
remedy for egg eating by hens. I think it
a bad plan to give them egg shells. Some
roast the shells as a preventive ; of course,
that is all bosh. W. E. W.
New York.
After reading the account on page 148 of
J. E. W.’s three White Wyandotte pullets, I
concluded to send in account of my own.
I am breeding White Wyandottes, and
this is a record of 36 one-year-old hens, and
commences with December 1, 1909 ; up to
this time I had kept no account, but was
prompted by the heavy laying to do so.
From December 1, 1909, to July 1, 1910,
these 36 hens laid 6,572 eggs, or an average
of 31 eggs per day for a period of seven
months. During July and August I only
got 87 eggs ; September, 94 eggs ; October,
347 eggs, and November, 817 eggs, making
a total of 7,917 eggs, or an average of
219 11-12 eggs per hen for the year (De¬
cember 1, 1909, to December 1, 1910).
Maine. G.
Nest Making. — It is a popular belief
that the hen that steals her nest is more
likely to bring off a good hatch than the
hen that has been regularly “set” by the
poultry keeper. That may or may not be
true ; but, at any rate, the nest-stealing
hen often has a great advantage over the
other sort in being able to build her own
nest to suit herself. She picks out a quiet,
sheltered place to lay her eggs and hatch
her chicks, where she thinks she will be
free from intrusion and she makes a
flattened, shallow nest that she can enter
or leave easily at will ; very different from
the deep, cup-like nests that poultry keepers
so often make, where the eggs are crowded
together to be easily broken ; where the
hen is unable to turn her eggs properly ;
where, when hatching Degins, the chicks are
apt to slip down to the bottom, to bo
stepped on and killed by the hen. There
is a great deal of poor nest making among
poultry keepers. w. r. f.
As our readers know, we argue that as
population increases the meat supply from
larger animals will not keep up. Then our
people will bo obliged to depend more and
more upon poultry products. This very
thing has happened in Germany. Consul
Frank D. Hill reports :
“Owing to the short supply of meat In
Germany and resulting high prices, imports
of poultry have greatly increased. During
the first 10 months of 1910 Germany im¬
ported 6,761,027 geese, 10,445 tons of chick¬
ens, 1,870 tons of ducks, and 281 tons of
pigeons. During the first 10 months of
1909 the following quantities of poultry
were Imported : 6,029,253 geese, 8,964 tons
of chickens, 1,851 tons of ducks, and 253
tons of pigeons.”
Russia is the chief source of supply. That
country sent Germany 5,820,000 geese, 3,544
tons of chickens and 1,100 tons of ducks in
one year.
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THE UHADILLA SILO
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25 Distributing Points in ine U. S.
416
March 25,
A “ FROST-PROOF ” HEN.
1 note that on page 186 you speak of
efforts that are being made to develop
what may be called a “fur-coated’’ hen,
or a frost-proof hen, that lays a white
egg, and you say “It will be a mixture
of several breeds.” Now, why a mix¬
ture of several breeds when there is a
breed ready at hand that meets all the
requirements? That breed is the Hou-
dan, an old well-established breed. The
Houdan has a small comb, V-shaped,
and lying close to the head. They are
covered with a coat of close, heavy
feathers that effectively keeps out the
cold, and they have fur caps on their
heads, for so we may term the close
compact crest that is found on the head
of a well-bred Houdan. This crest, and
the heavy beard and muffling of the
Houdan, gives a good deal of protection
to the comb and wattles of the birds,
so that they are practically frost-proof.
This same crest has been in many cases
considered a drawback, as it was said
to hold the dampness after the birds had
been out in the rain, and so cause colds,
roup, etc. It is found, however, that the
crest of a bird dries out as fast, and in
fact faster than do the other feathers,
and that dampness of the crest, is not
any more liable to cause colds than is
the dampness of other feathers on a
bird. It has also been said that the
crest is a disadvantage to the birds, as
on account of the crest they are more
liable to being killed by hawks, and other
marauders. But our experience is that
even when birds have full range, and in
a country where hawks arc plenty, we
lose no more Houdans than we do other
breeds. The young Houdan can get out
of the way of a hawk as fast as the
chicks of any other breed. But, if a
man is breeding the Houdan for utility
purposes, and thinks that a large crest
is a disadvantage, it is easy enough to
breed for a smaller crest, or if he has a
bird with a rather large crest, that he
thinks may interfere with the bird’s
sight, take a pair of shears and trim
it off.
The writer can speak of the Houdan
as a fowl for a cold climate, for in this
section of Maine we have had as cold
weather this Winter as has been experi¬
enced anywhere in the Eastern States.
Several mornings it has been 20 below
zero, and has kept well below zero all
day. Our henhouse has had the win¬
dows partly open all the time, both day
and night, and we have never had a
Houdan with comb or wattles touched
with the frost, and this has been bur
experience for the several years that
we have bred the Houdan. During these
years we have kept for sitters both
Plymouth Rocks, and Wyandottes, for
the Houdan is a strictly non-sitter. Both
the Rocks and the Wyandottes are con¬
sidered as being nearly frost-proof, but
we have had combs and wattles frozen
time after time in the case of the Rocks,
and wattles touched with frost and
wattles frozen in the Wyandottes. This
is especially true in the case of the
Wyandotte males. Nearly every male of
that breed we have kept has had his
wattles frozen at some time during the
Winter. The Houdans, however, have
kept right on, singing, working and
laying, no matter how low the ther¬
mometer was. So we must admit that
the Houdan is “fur-coated” and further
more, that it is “fur-capped.” There¬
fore it is doubly “frost-proof.” The
Houdan is also a layer of white eggs,
large chalk-white eggs at that, an egg
that catches the eye wherever seen. The
Houdan, too, if bred with that end in
view, is a splendid layer, and as she at¬
tends strictly to business when once she
starts, and as she never wants to lay off
for a while, and hatch out a brood of
chickens, she lays a goodly number of
eggs in the course of the year.
The question is asked, “If the Houdan
is such a good fowl, so suitable for egg
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
farming in cold climates, and such a
good layer, why are they not kept to a
much greater extent?” To this I would
answer that there are two reasons why
they are not more popular. First, be¬
cause they are different from most other
fowls. People see that they have a
fifth toe, and a prominent crest, and
jump to the conclusion that as they are
“different” they must have altogether
different treatment. Secondly, because
of the methods of one or two breeders
of the Houdans, and the unscrupulous
way in which they have exploited the
breed. Absurd claims have been made
as to the number of eggs they will lay
in a year, claims that a whole flock has
averaged 250 to 275 eggs each per year;
that individual hens have laid over 300
eggs in year, and so forth. Then when
people have bit at this bait, and have
sent a long price for a trio or pen of
these wonderful fowls, they have in
many cases received nothing whatever
for their money, and in some cases
when at last, after much threatening or
legal proceedings, they have received
fowls that are entirely worthless, worse
than scrubs. Or they have sent big
prices for eggs, from “Hen No. So-and-
so, record 299/ eggs in her pullet year;”
when they received the eggs they care¬
fully set them, waited the due time, and
at last- found that they had a few Leg¬
horns, or some mongrels of no particu¬
lar breed. In connection with this I
am glad to say that The R. N.-Y. ex¬
posed the person who was, and is per¬
haps the worst offender in this respect,
more than two years ago, and that at a
time when most of the regular poultry
papers were accepting his advertising,
and giving him free reading notices.
Crooked methods of this kind have given
the breed a big setback, a setback which,,
if the breed had not actual merit back
of it, would have buried it completely.
But instead of being buried it is daily
becoming more popular, more and more
people are taking up the Houdan, for a
utility fowl, for eggs and meat, as well
as for a bird for exhibition purposes.
The American Houdan Club, which
stands for “the square deal” in the
Houdan fancy, and in the case of its
members, “sees that the papers fit the
bird,” has now 146 members; 40 of these
have been added during the past three
months. I claim that in the Houdan
we have a “frost-proof,” “fur-coated,”
"fur-capped” breed that lays large white
eggs, and lots of them, and hold that
there is no use of going to work to
add one more to the already long list
of varieties, when there is already a
standard breed that in every way fills the
bill. JAMES ABERNETHY,
Secy. American Houdan Club.
CLOVER SILAGE.
I noticed that some one inquired about
clover for silage. In the Summer of
1S8C my father had a field of Red pea-
vine clover. The weather was not favor¬
able for curing it for hay. He told the
men to put it in a silo. It was put
through the cutting machine, packed in
the silo and weighted down. In the
Fall I went to the silo, took off the
weights and took up two sections of
the cover. The silage had not been well
packed in the corners, so that a little
air had got in and it was rotted about
IS inches each way. I forked this out
and found the silage perfect two feet
from the top. I picked up several
clover blossoms from the center that
were a bright pink and as fresh as the
day they were put in the silo. The rot¬
ten silage with a little good was thrown
out in the yard and in five minutes it
was all cleaned up by the cattle. A. d.
New York.
“Lend a hand, Hiram, and help ketch
the selectman’s pig.” “Let the select¬
man ketch his own pig. I’m out of poli¬
tics for good.” — Washington Herald.
Largest Poultry Farm In U. S., Angola, N. Y., covered with J-M ASBESTOS ROOFING
HOW ANY FARM ER CAN SAVE
HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS
As you know, from experience, it doesn’t take long for a leaky roof
to spoil a good many bushels of corn, mildew a lot of hay, or damage
expensive machinery by rust.
Stock is harder to keep — more feed required — in damp quarters under
a leaky roof than when always snug and dry.
Sparks and embers from a nearby fire are very liable to set fire to
buildings covered with an inflammable roofing.
And nearly all roofings have to be painted every two or three years.
Thus, a roofing made of perishable, inflammable materials is apt to
cause you to lose hundreds, perhaps thousands, of dollars — is sure to cause
you much unnecessary trouble and expense you could save by covering
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J-M Asbestos Roofing
Won’t Burn — Won’t Rot nor Rust — Needs no Painting
There are hundreds of buildings today on which J-M Asbestos Roof¬
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made of stone. Its base consists of several layers of pure Asbestos Felt. And Asbestos,
you know, is a fire-proof, rust-proof, rot-proof rock or stone.
We cement these layers of stone felt together with Trinidad Lake Asphalt— the
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J-M Asbestos Roofing is sold by most dealers. If not at your dealer’s, our nearest
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Give us your address and we’ll send you a book which clearly explains the big differ¬
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the curious Asbestos Rock from which this roofing is made.
Write now for sample of crude Asbestos and our Book No. K 48
BALTIMORE
BOSTON
BUFFALO
CHICAGO
H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.
•ASBESTOS
Toronto, Ont.
SEE"” ASBESTOS K ££“*
DETROIT LONDON MILWAUKEE PHILADELPHIA
KANSAS CITY LOS ANGELES MINNEAPOLIS PITTSBURG
For Canada— THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO., LTD.
^Innlraal G .. a Ilf! at "IT.
SAN FRANCISCO
SEATTLE
ST. LOUIS
1360
Montreal, Que.
Winnipeg, Man.
Vancouver, B, C.
Cattle Barn, State Imbecile Asylum, Morgans, O.. covered with J-M ROOFING in 1898
CHARTER
IF YOU ARE
SATISFIED THE
IS 0. K. we expect to servo
you; if not, let us satisfy
you by Proof.
Stationeries, Portables, Etc.
Want our Catalog?
State your power needs.
CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO..
Box 28, Sterling, III., U. S. A.
WANTFIl- Agents to selPFarmers’ AceountBook.
YtHII I L U Indorsed by Farmers. Big Inducements.
Act quick. Address, L. L. SYPHERS, Fort Wayne, Ind.
INSURE YOUR ROOF
Make your roof last until the wood or the
slate crumbles with age,
By using “MIFCo” nails which are in¬
sured against rust by a heavy zinc coating.
To coat each hundred pounds of “ M 1 FCo ”
twelve pounds of pure zinc are used.
This heavy zinc coating makes “ MIFCo ”
nails practically indestructible.
Moisture, exposure, even salt air cannot
affect them.
Work done with these nails lasts twice as
long as work done with thinly coated nails.
“ MIFCo ” nails cost a little more at the
start but it’s economy to use them for all
exposed work.
it is the only way you can insure the far
more costly work of roofing, fercing, etc.
Owners’ stories and the nails themselves
prove these nails have been in use on roofs for
twenty-nine years.
Yet these shingle nails today are as free
from rust as on the day driven.
Think what this long record means to you.
Then specify these nails for all exposed work.
Hardware dealers have them in all sizes,
both iron cut and wire, but if yours is not sup¬
plied write us for the name of your nearest
dealer, and for booklet.
MALLEABLE IRON FITTINGS CO., Branford, Ct.
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
free. Grand Rapids Veterinary
College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
I Promise
To Save You
$37 to $300
On a Gasoline Engine
GET my new 1911 Engine Book — and
convince yourself. I’ll positively
prove just how I save you $37 on
al^H.P. and$105.50ona5 II. P. Engine.
No matter what power you need — or
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send me your name. A Postal will do.
SH.P. Gasoline Engine
11950
Only
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The greatest work-saver and money-earner
ever installed on any farm. The only other
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is sold for £225. Here I save you just $105.50 and
give you a better engine. Equally large savings
in proportion on all other sizes. Just send for
My Engine Book and astonishing proposition
It gives you the real reasons why Galloway, with
his enormous factory, and the steady trade of
thousands of his farmer friends can offer the best
Gasoline Engines and save you from $37.00 to
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your name on a postal. Address me
personally, Wm. Galloway, Pres.
Wm. Galloway Company
665 Galloway Station
Waterloo, Iowa
Get This
Free Book
/
1911.
THK RURAL NEW-VORKER
41 7
HENYARD — Continued.
Dipping Eggs to Prevent White Diarrhoea.
I understand that poultryincn are dip¬
ping their hatching eggs in a solution of
creoiin before putting into the incubator or
under the hen, the object being to kill
the germs of white diarrhoea. Is this treat¬
ment to be recommended? J. a.
We have, I am sure, demonstrated to
the satisfaction of New England poul-
trymen that the type of this disease
among young chicks caused by Bacter¬
ium pullorum is the type commonly
known as white diarrhoea. We have
further demonstrated that the original
source of infection is the ovary of the
mother hen, a certain proportion of the
eggs produced from such liens being in¬
fected with the organism in question,
and chicks hatched from such infected
eggs are almost certain to have the
disease. We have not been able to find
Bacterium pullorum on the shell of the
eggs or in the white, but invariably find
it in the yolk. Now if the foregoing
statements are true it naturally follows
that any method of disinfection which
deals merely with the surface of the egg
will utterly fail to destroy the organism.
I fully believe in a thorough disinfec¬
tion of the incubator by the use of
creoiin, or any of the similar substances
sold under various trade names ; I see
no reason why any harm should come
from washing the shells of the eggs
with similar solutions or with alcohol;
but so far as we know at the present
time this does not have any effect on
Bacterium pullorum located in the yolk,
the only place we have found it in fresh
eggs up to the present time. Dr. Rettger
and myself are busy working on manu¬
script for a second bulletin dealing with
white diarrhoea of chicks, and this pub¬
lication we hope to have in print very
shortly. I feel confident that it will
mark another step _ in advance in the
fight against this chicken scourge. Our
1911 experiments are well under way,
and we are already getting some most
interesting material, f. h. stoneburn.
Conn. Agricultural College.
That Village Flock. — “The Village
1 amily,” page 294, should surely buy the
yearlings (and a male), and raise some
ihieks. Don't monkey with baby chicks
and disappointments. We’ve seen it tried
and saw results. front yard hex max.
When I started I bought one F. Rod
hen of unknown age, set her twice oi
Brown Leghorn eggs, at a total cost o
less than .152. In the Fall I had a hoi
for soup, several young cockerels for food
and more than a dozen hens that lay nice
ly during the Winter. My coop was 8x8
and yard 12x12. In the Spring the soi
was dug out of the coop and vard fo
the garden, and replaced by about si:
Inches of fresh soil from the garden,
had no sick chickens. c. f h
Vistula, Ind.
The Village Flock.— My advice is to
start with the hens and a rooster, if you
can buy at the right price. I started with
eight hens and a rooster ; had plenty of
eggs for a family of five, sold chickens to
the value of $31.10 and have a flock of
.58 hens to go on this Summer. I would
not advise to buy eggs for hatching un¬
less you know from whom you are buying,
and what success other people have had
from the same dealer, as I bought two sit¬
ings and placed them in an incubator with
18 of my own eggs, marked them February
nay own I marked 8 for the same time,
and got 17 chicks ; all marked February 8
were still there, not hatched, while one egg
marked 8 was the only one not hatched.
I also hatched out 30 geese. As to hatch¬
ing in May, it depends when your chickens
want to hatch ; if March or April so much
the better. If you have no experience
with chicks, you would do best with hens
hatching them, but one thing be particu¬
lar about ; give them plenty of fresh water,
and several times a day, and thoroughly
scald your drinking fountain out every day.
Result from chickens: December. 1910 117
eggs; January, 232. February, 230. while I
have nine late-hatched pullets that have
not laid an egg those three months.
Elkwood, Pa. w. s.
I am much interested in W. .T. Dougan’s
hens as compared with cows, and have no
doubt of their making good. Why is it
that the hen men are always compelled to
prove their statements, sometimes twice
over, while the cow men become indignant
if they are asked to prove theirs once? Is
it because they are afraid? I have kept
cows for a number of years, and that is
.the only reason I can think of. F. m. h.
Reynoldsvillc, N. Y.
The IIex Womax. — I want to figure a
little for the woman who has started a hen
farm on page 10. An able-bodied woman
should be able and expect to do her own
housework and take care of 154 birds with¬
out any help. If she cannot do more than
that she should stay out. If she is board¬
ing two men for what they can do for
1:>4 hens, her wage cost is way up, at
least $9 per week ; besides that she is run¬
ning her boarding house at a big loss.
Board for three people at $4.50 is $13.50.
Loss on boarding house $0.50, plus her owrn
work. She must learn to live much cheaper
than that, or she could never make a liv¬
ing on any farm in New England.
J. L. deax.
Profits ix Eggs. — Last November I pur¬
chased 11 hens, five Black Orpingtons and
remainder mixed. My niece and myself
built a small house for them 5xG feet;
roost on one end elevated two feet so hens
could have all the floor space. They have
a very small yard adjoining. In about a
week they began laying, and have laid
abundantly and continuously all the cold
winter so far. I kept no account of num¬
ber of eggs till February, and the two
weeks beginning February 1 shows the fol¬
lowing eggs each day : 8, 8, 0, G, 8, 9, 8,
5, 8, 8, 8, 7, 10, 7 ; a total of 106 eggs for
the 14 days. People tell me this is a good
record. They have had just good care and
no fussing. People about here with large
flocks report few eggs. I attribute success
to the having a small flock only together.
Right here I want to ask if anyone has
thoroughly tested number of hens that do
best together? By all I have observed and
read, small lots in confinement do far the
best, but how small? Will six, 10, 15, 20,
25, 30, 40, 50, or more afford best profit?
Which number is most desirable to keep in
a yard? If anyone has tested it let them
speak up. If no one. has it seems to me
it would be a most important thing to do.
I have no doubt millions of dollars are lost
by overcrowding the yards. Let us find
out for a certainty the number most profit¬
able and then proclaim it abroad.
New York. a. t. cook.
Every pound of hen manure should bo
saved for the garden. Consul Masterson
of Ilarput tells how watermelons as large
as flour barrels are grown in the country
which he represents: “This land is plowed,
and in each hill where the seeds are planted
a quantity of pigeon manure is mixed in
with the earth. There are people in Di-
arbekir engaged in breeding pigeons for no
other purpose than to sell the manure to
the melon growers.” It seems to be true
that some people keep live stock in such a
way that the figures would show loss, but
for a high valuation on the manure. But
they cannot grow flour-barrel melons !
You need not bother to send a “Business
Hen,” as I have read the hen for the last
12 or 15 years, and I think I am pretty
well acquainted with her, but if you have
an industrious man or woman to send, as
you offer to send the hen, send along such
person. J. J. w.
North Carolina.
Some “Business Hens” will go into a
man’s garden and scratch up his best
plants even when she must know she is
not wanted. Our “Hen” makes it a part
of her business to keep her feet out of
other people’s business — and gardens. Sorry,
but we do not know of any industrious
humans who are willing to be “sent along.”
Bigger Eggs. — That “big egg” described
on page 250 of The R. N.-Y. has met its
Waterloo, as the enclosed clipping from the
Watertown Times will show you :
“Black River, Feb. 23. — Frank Gray
again comes forward with a monster egg
from one of his choice Rhode Island Reds.
The egg weighs four and one-half ounces
and measures eight and three-fourths inches
by six and one-sixth inches in circum¬
ference.”
Frank E. nungerford also had an egg
of almost exactly the same weight and
shape laid by one of his Black Orpington
pullets. This egg upon being broken dis¬
closed another fully developed egg with
shell, and this one also contained still
another small egg with shell, making three
eggs in all. Next ! f. iiowlaxd.
^eka Planters
INCREASE POTATO PROFITS
The Eureka opens the furrow,
drops seed accurately auy dis¬
tance or depth desired, puts
on fertilizer if wanted, covers
perfectly, and marks for next
row. Requires only one man.
Always plants uniform depth.
Driver sees each seed drop
Three sizes, for one or two rows.
In use throughout the world
for many years. Prompt
ment from branch house near yon. W rite for FREE catalog.
V eureka cultivator and
\ SEEDER
\ 1 / / Made In 3 size*,
V 8, 10 and 12 ft.
Weeds and
cu 1 ti vates.
Sows and cov¬
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alfalfa, oats, etc. Renews old meadows.
Price is low and will pay yon largo profits.
EUREKA MOWER CO., BOX 810, UTICA, N.
Wiiex you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’il got a quick rculy and
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 211.
AGENTS— $33.30 A WEEK
Jack Wood did it 1
He writes—" Hurry up
100 more — sold
first lot in 2 days
— best seller I
ever saw.” Hun.
drods of agents
coining money—
S5.60 worth of
tools for tho
rice of one.
rop forgedf rom
finest steel. Nickel Plated all over. Astonishing low
price to agents— 1 ,200 ordered by one man. Write at once.
Don't delay. Experience unnecessary. Sample free.
THOMAS MFG. CO., 2265 Wayne St., DAYTON, OHIO
STOUT— STRONG-DURABLE— CHEAP
Brown Fences will outlast any other because of
— heavier wires and thicker galvanizing. Investigate
before you buy. 160 styles for all purposes.
Bargain Prices-14c Per Rod Up
delivered at your railway station. Send today for
catalog and free sample for test.
THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO-
Dept. 69 CLEVELAND. OHIO
1 3i Cents a Rod
Forl8-ln. 14 3-4* for 22-In. Hog
Fence; 15c for 26-inch; 18 3-4*
for 32-Inch; 25* for a 47-inch
Farm Fence. 48-Inch Poultry
fence 28 1-2*. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal liarb
Wire SI .45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
ELMCO FEEDS
Produce Results
You can’t develop thorobred stock on
“scrub” Feeds. To get the best results
from your stock, whether it is a herd of
“scrubs” or “thorobreds, ” you have got to
use result-producing Feeds. Common Feeds
hinder a cow from doing its best. Farmers,
dairymen and stock raisers find ELMCO
Feeds the biggest result-producers per dol¬
lar of cost — therefore, the best and cheap¬
est. The price you pay for a feed don’t
count, if it produces sufficient results.
Listman Mill Company,
LaCrosse, Wis.
Elmco Feeds
are pure, strong and rich, milled from
choice wheat, thoroughly cleaned; always
reliable. ELMCO on the sack protects you
and binds us. Sold direct from the Mill in
carload. Cars assorted to suit your require¬
ments. Write for samples, analysis and
prices now. You may forget to-morrow.
EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION
Warranted The Best. 30 Days’ Trial
Unlike all others. Stationary wheu open
Noiseless Simple Sanitary Durable
The Wasson Stanchion Co.,
Box 60, Cuba, N. Y.
As they Rome- As " 8 A VE-TUE-IIOR?*: »
times are. can make them.
Time and Hardest Work Can’t Hr! ng It Rack!
Lisbon. Ohio, Oct. 4, 1010. — I want to say thoro is no use of
anyono^driving a lame horso if they will just try “ Save-Thc-
Horsc.” I had one so lame I could not uso him. After using
one bottle of * Save-Tho-lIorse ” he lias never taken a lame step,
and 1 drive him every day in my business, which is serving pa¬
pers over the hilliest county in the state. You can use this with
pleasure, as this is absolutely a voluntary testimonial.
W. C. Davidsow, Sheriff of Col. Co,
E. C. MESSIER,
Civil Engineer, Real Estate and Insurance*
1008 Elm Street, Manchester, N. 11., Oct. 22, K/10.
I sent. $5 for **Save-The- Horse” to cure a Bono Spavin. At the
time he was not worth $1 ; before he had the Spavin I was of¬
fered $f>00. Four veterinarians told me ho was incurable, so 1
felt bine, as you misht believe. Since ono month after treating
him with “Save-The- Horso” he has not taken a lame step and I
have driven him every day, and even thirty miles the same day.
**Save-The-Horse,’ has done moro than four doctors in a year.
Now it seems exaggerated, hut anyone in doubt can call at tho
neighbors to prove wh at I say, and furthermore, the horse can
give them a ride, and probably ono of the best in their lifetime.
I cannot say enough to praise your remedy. E. C. Messieb.
$5,00 a BoMe with s»ped guarantee
A binding CONTRACT to protect purchaser absolutely in
treating and curing any caso of Bone rnd Bog Spavin, Thorough-
pin. Ring-bone (except low). Curb, Splint, Capped Hock, Windpuff.
Shoeboil, Injured Tendons and all Ltmcness. No scar or loss of
hair. Horse works as usual. Send for copy of contract, book¬
let on all lameness and letters on every kind of case. y
At all druggists and dealers, op express paid. *
Troy Chemical Co. ** Com’lave.Binghamton.N.Y.
You Can’t Cut Out
A BOG SPAVIN, PUFF or
THOROUGHPIN, but
£0SORB1NE
Will clean them off permanently, i
you work the horso same time. I>oe9
not blister or remove the hair. Will
toll you more if you write. $'J.OO per
bottle at d’lers ordeliy’d.Book 4Dfree.
ABSORBINE, J[?., for mankind.
$1 bottle. Reduces Varicose Veins, Vnr-
icocele. Hydrocele, Ruptured Muscles or Liga¬
ments, Enlarged Glands. Allays pain quickly.
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
A Heavy Fence made of Hard wire,
built with one purpose in view,
that of lasting and satisfactory
service. No repairs. Five cictalog
upon request. Ask your dealer.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dept. H CLEVELAND, 0.
COW COMFORT
Means additional profit. Simple
durable, eusily locked. Foster
Steel 8 t u it e )i Ions cannot be
opened by the cuttle. Top and bot¬
tom chains permit free head move¬
ment, standing or lying down, yot
keep cattle lined up and clean.
Write for new booklet showing;
model stables.
Foster Steel Stanchion Co.,
906 Ins. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y
JIORF.RTSON’8 (III AIN
HANGING STANCHIONS
“I hnr« used them for moro
than TWENTY YEARS, and they
have given the very best of satis¬
faction in every way,” writes
Jpstus H. Cooley, M.D., Plainfield
Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J. •
Thirty days’ trial on application
O. II. ROBERTSON
Wash. St., Forestville, Conn.
roilMPCC improved
LKUibDO warriner
STANCHION
“ My bam that was
BURNED
was fitted with Crumb’s
Warriner Stanchions, If it
had not been for the ease with
which these fasteners were
opened 1 should have lost my
cows.” writes M r. Everett
Gains, Remardstown. Mass.
Booklet Free.
TTALLACE B. CRUMB, Box Mo, Fore* tv ill*, Coon.
Shear Your Sheep
with this Machine
It makes the job infinitely easier than with the old hand shears. It takes the wool off
evenly allovcr the body. It never injures or maims sheep like hand shears and the even¬
ness ol work done by this machine nets you from 16c to 40c worth more wool per head.
This Stewart Ball Bearing Machine No. 9
Is the only sheep shearing machine ever made with ball bearings throughout and with
a ball bearing shearing head. It has all gears cut from tile solid steel and made file
hard. They are all enclosed in a dust and dirt
proof gear case where they run constantly in oiL
It turns easiest of all shearing machines and
anyone can operate it and do good work. Any
of your help can operate it
well from the very start. *
The price, all complete, f
with four combs and four
cutters is only • ,
Get one from your dealer or send $2 and we will
ship C. O. D. for balance. Write today for copy
of our free copyrighted book, “Instructions
on Shearing Sheep,” by the leading
American expert. IX) IT NOW.
i uu jguvAi wuijg, * vii y
!$11.50
CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT CO.
143 La Salle Avenue, Chicago
418
THE RURAL NKW-YORKEH"
March 25,
THE “COMING BACK” OF MISSY.
I have noticed your comment regard¬
ing Mr. Taylor and his cows, whose
advanced registry record is in dispute.
Your suggestion of retesting such cows
is in my opinion quite impracticable.
These cows have given the best part
of their lives to the making of these
records, and have been stimulated be¬
yond further endurance. To do twice
the work of the average requires effort.
Missy of the Glen has been stimulated
to do not only the work of two, but
taken according to the statistics for New
York State, our greatest dairy State, the
work of over six average cows. All
champions are sometime overcome.
Some of the pugilistic prize ring cham¬
pions are able to show their supremacy
in many battles, over a period of years,
but consider their effort and accomplish¬
ment by comparison. The longest en¬
durance test has lasted but a few hours;
then time to recuperate and prepare
again. But the dumb cow has been
held to the contest, not for 10 rounds
or a day or a week, but for a year.
I am a breeder of fine cattle, Guernsey
cattle and show Guernseys. I have
never attempted to make extraordinary
records of butter fat, but rather to pro¬
duce animals that, to the eye, show
capacity for great things. To the ex¬
perienced eye, mind you. I have left it
to others (my purchasers) to take from
these cows their stored-up energy. I
get my price, and when an- animal has
made for a purchaser a record that I
did not call upon her to make, I do not
regret that he has obtained from me at
a fraction of its real value a gold mine,
but glory in the fact that he has de¬
veloped and made use of the deposit;
that I had only discovered and chosen
as a prospector to sell to him at a
fair face value and go hunting for bet¬
ter things.
I admire Mr. Taylor’s attitude. He
evidently believes that if it is possible
for Mr. A or Mr. Z to own a cow that
could make a record of 999 pounds of
butter a year, he might own one that
would make 1,000 pounds. When I was
a boy “Dexter” made a record of 2.40,
and it was so wonderful that it doubled
the price, in his eye, of a boy’s coaster
to have Dexter’s head on it. Men have
been known to spend $100,000 for a
horse that they admired and believed in.
Who will say that a cow, a much better
friend of the whole human family, shall
not be equally admired and as zealously
defended? Mr. Taylor is right. If the
Guernsey Cattle Club once accepted his
records of his cows, which it did, it
should have been final. The jealousy
of other members who had been out¬
stripped in this race should not have
been considered. If mistakes were made,
the greatest mistake was that that
Guernsey Cattle Club through its execu¬
tive committee, by the influence of tale¬
bearing, interested and troublesome
neighbors, should be persuaded to deny
the birthright of the child which it had
christened. L. v. axtell.
Ohio.
R. N.-Y. — Our desire is to permit Mr.
Axtell or anyone else to say anything
about this case which they are prepared
to stand for. Personal opinion is worth
little in such a matter. It has come
down to about this: “Did these cows
give milk running up to nearly nine per
cent in fat?" The great majority of
Guernsey breeders doubt it. We do not
see that Mr. Axtell adds to the dis¬
cussion of this point. Pie says the cows
could not “come back.” Other cows
have done so. Here is a letter from
the secretary of the American Jersey
Cattle Club :
A number of Jersey cows have made large
tests repeatedly, so that the first test did
not practically kill the cow. There are no
doubt cases in which a cow has been dam¬
aged by forcing, but I believe that most of
the year’s tests carried out under our Reg¬
ister of Merit rules have not injured the
cows in the least. As instances, I would
like to quote Jacoba Irene, who has been
tested for four consecutive years, and dur¬
ing her last test she has produced over
12,000 pounds of milk and fat equivalent
to 789 pounds of butter. At the beginning
of this test she was 11 years and seven
months old. This does not look as if her
great test, in which she produced 17,253
pounds of milk and fat equivalent to 1126
pounds of butter, greatly injured her. An¬
other cow which may be quoted is Sophie
19th of Hood Farm, tested for three con¬
secutive years, each year increasing her
yield, until in the last test she has pro¬
duced 14,373 pounds milk and fat equiva¬
lent to 1,011 pounds of butter. Warder’s
Lady might also be mentioned, a cow tested
for two consecutive years, producing 11,432
pounds milk and fat equivalent to 717
pounds of butter the first year, and in the
following year producing 14,820 pounds of
milk and fat equivalent to 969 pounds of
butter. R. M. gow.
If we grant that these Guernsey cows
could not repeat their large flow of
milk — let them give some more of that
nine per cent milk on which they made
their record. We doubt if Mr. Axtell’s
comparison of a pugilistic champion will
hold. People who were at the ringside
say that the old champion, Jeffries, fully
“came back” and probably was never in
better condition — but he met a man bet¬
ter than any he had ever faced before.
Mr. Axtell might better join us in call¬
ing for an exhibition of some of that
nine per cent milk ! As for Guernsey
cows over 75 have been selected and in
the majority of cases “came back” and
gave a larger yield than when tested for
the first time.
Rickets.
What can I do with a four months old
pig? lie seems crippled in his hind legs,
doesn’t exercise at all ; when compelled to
keeps lifting his feet; eats very little.
New Hampshire. o. m. h.
As often stated here, this condition is
brought on by overfeeding and lack of exer¬
cise. Feed on slop of milk and middlings,
adding lime water at rate of one ounce to
the quart. Feed well pigs in this way, and
make them take lots of outdoor exercise ev¬
ery day. They should root under litter for
any corn they are allowed. a. s. a.
Molasses for Horse.
I would like to know the best and most
economical method of feeding molasses to a
horse that does ordinary farm work. I
can buy molasses by the barrel in Rich¬
mond at 16 cents per gallon. G. B.
Meadow, Va.
We have fed the molasses in two ways.
One is to pour it over the grain twice a
day and let the horse lick it up. The other
is to cut the hay or fodder, mix the mo¬
lasses with water and sprinkle it over the
cut fodder. The last-named plan is best
where the hay is not high class, or where
the horse eats too fast.
Heaves.
Will you tell me what to do for a horse
that breathes hard on the road (you would
call it wind-broken). It does not bother
him much when working. Bran mash with
a little soda and tar helps him some.
Horse is 11 years old. I think sometimes
the horse has been overdriven. J. c. L.
There is no cure for “heaves” (broken
wind), but it may be relieved by giving
half an ounce of Fowler’s solution of ar¬
senic, wetting all food ; not giving bulky
food of any sort at noon ; not working the
horse soon after a meal ; feeding wet oat
straw in Winter and grass in Summer in
preference to hay. a. s. a.
Lameness.
Some time since I saw a recipe in The
R. N.-Y. for continued lameness and swell¬
ing for barb-wire cuts and treatment for
same. I have a valuable mare which got
cut in this manner some months ago, and
is still lame, and the swelling and lameness
does not seem to respond to the use of
ordinary liniments. Would you publish
again the formula given for the liniment
and treatment so that I can try it?
Texas. J. s. T.
We do not know to which prescription
you refer. Perhaps it was not supplied by
the veterinarian. A good barb-wire cut
lotion is made by dissolving two ounces of
sulphate of zinc and half an ounce of
chloride of zinc in a pint of water acidu¬
lated with one dram of hydrochloric acid.
This is especially good for wounds in which
exuberant granulations (proud flesh) are
giving trouble. It is not intended for lame¬
ness and swelling. We would have to
know the exact conditions in the case of
your horse before we could prescribe intel¬
ligently. A. s. A.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
PAYS
MORE MONEY
GIVES
MORE SATISFACTION.!
NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED
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„ TO CLEAN OUT THESE
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A REAL NECESSITY ABOUT
H0RSES.CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE,
DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK FOR LEAFLET
DESCRIBING A NEW CEMENT HOG WALLOWJ
ARE INTERESTED.
PARKE, DAVIS & CO.
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL
INDUSTRY.
DETROIT, MICH
U.S.A.
AND UP.
WARD
AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
SENT ON TRIAL, FULLY
GUARANTEED. A new, well
made, easy running separator for
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heavy or light cream. Different
from this picture which illus¬
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dairy is large or small, obtain our
handsome free catalog. Address
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.
DGE.N.Y.
Free
Write Today
We have issued an attractive book on
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We will send a copy of it free to every
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It is full of Hay Loader information
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It shows why the “Ciearless” is the
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LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET. CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL
i'll Save You $50
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more? 40,000 farmer, have
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AWIII You Pay a Penny For
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WM. CALLOWAY CO.
669 Calloway Sts. Waterloo, la,
Try the DELI N
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“ DELIN ” offers more liberal terms and
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Our FREE 1911 Catalog stives full information. Shows
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exclusive ‘ DELIN’’ terms. Writ© for
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The Delin Carriage Co.
17 SB, Central Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio
For all crops
and all time
BOWKER’S FERTILIZERS
are the best. They enrich the earth and those who
till it. It pays the farmer to buy and it pays the
agent to sell Bowker’s ; the former because they give
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Increase the production and profits of your farm.
Let us help you with our forty years of experience,
prompt service, the best materials, the best facilities, and a
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We want agents wherever we are not now represented.
Write today for prices and terms; this may mean a good
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Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue. We want
yon to know Bowker’s before you place your next order for
fertilizer.
r> IZTD fertilizer company,
Jj U V V t\. t_J -tV 77 Lyman St., Buffalo, N. Y.
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
410
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending March 17, 1911.
HOTTER
Trade in both creamery and dairy grades
has been active and prices have held steady
during the week. Creamery is retailing
at 28 to 32 cents, and good dairy 25 to
28 cents.
Creamery, rancy. lb . 25 © .27
Good to Choice . 20 @ .24
Lower Grades . 16 @ .19
Storage . 15 @ .21
State Dairy, best . 22 © ,23
Common to Gjod . 16 @ .20
Factory . 15 @ .16
Packing Slock . 12 @ .15
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 26 cents.
CHEESE
Market is unsettled and holders anxious
to sell, even at cut prices. Good cream cheese
retails at 18 to 20 cents.
Fall Cream, best . 15 @ .16
Common to Good . 12 @ .13
Skims . 05 @ .12
EGGS
Prices are two to three cents lower than
last week, and trade active. At retail
good to choice eggs bring 24 to 30 cents.
White, good to choice . 21 @ .22
Mixed Colors, best . 19 @ .20
Common to Good . 15 @ .17
Western, best . 19 @ .20
Under grades . 12 @ .15
BEANS
Jobbing demand is fairly good, but trade
otherwise dull and buyers critical as to
quality.
Marrow, 100 lbs . 3.00 @ 3.70
Medium . 3.00 @ 3.45
Pea . 3.00 @ 3.50
Yellow Eye . 3.65 © 3.75
lied Kidney . 5.25 @ 5.60
WhiteKidney . 4.75 @ 5.00
Lima, California . 6.30 @ 6.40
HOPS
Demand is light. Considerable contracting
on the Pacific coast 1911 crop is reported.
Prime to Choice . 28 ®
common to Good . 25
Pacific Coast . 20
German Crop, 1910 . 50 ®
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single ban
Extra Choice Old, gal .
Standard Grade .
DRIED FRUITS
Market almost bare of prime evaporated
apples. Trade in sun-dried moderate.
Apples, evap. fancy . 13 @
Evap., com. to good .
Sun Dried .
Chops . 06 © .06*6
Cores and Skins . 06 © .06*6
Raspberries . 28 ® “
.28
@
.29
.25
@
.27
.20
@
.21
.50
@
.53
rel lots.
.22
@
.24
.13
@
.15
13«
.06 ® .12
.06 @ .07*6
_ .30
Cherries . 15 © .18
FRESH FRUITS
Apples in large supply, but trade fairly
active. Receipts of strawberries^ rather
light and sellingly slowly. At retail choice
strawberries bring 30 to 45 cents.
Apples, Russet, bbl . 3.00 ® 4.00
Winesap . 4.00 © 6.00
Greening . 4.00 © 6.50
York Imperial . 4.00 © 5.75
Baldwin . 4.00 © 5.25
Ben Davis . 3.50 ® 4.75
Spy . 4.00 © 5.50
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.45 © 2.35
Spitz, box . 1.20 @ 2.50
Rome, box . 1 .75 ® 2 30
Black Ben, box- . 1 75 ® 2.30
Gano. box . 1.60 © 2.00
Cranberri es —
Cape Cod. bbl . 10.00 @12.00
Long Island, bbl . 12.00 ©13.00
Jersey, bbl . 8. 50 @1U.00
Strawberries, Fla., qt. . . 20 © 25
Oranges, Fla. box . 2.00 © 3.75
Porto Rico . 1.75 © 2.50
California . 2.50 © 3.75
Grape Fruit. Fla. box . 2.50 ® 3.00
Pineapples, Havana. 18s . 1.00 @ 2.25
Porto Rico, 30s to 24s . 2.25 @ 2.75
HONEY
Market on comb quiet. Extracted clover
very scarce. Trade in buckwheat dull.
White Clover, lb . 12 © .14
Buckwheat, lb . 08 © .10
Extracted, lb . 07 © .10
VEGETABLES
Potatoes continue in large supply and
low, with business dull. Old cabbage low,
new selling well. Southern salads lower.
Trade in celery active. Tomatoes largely
green and unsalable at top prices. Retail
buyers in New York are paying 75 cents
to $1 per barrel for potatoes ; 20 cents per
quart for string beans ; five to 10 cents
per head for lettuce ; onions, 10 cents per
quart, and tomatoes, 15 to 20 cents per
pound.
Potatoes — X. Y. State, 180 lbs . 1.12 ® 1.37
Maine . 1.25 © 1.50
Sweet, Jersey, bbl . 2.00 @ 3.75
Sweet Virginia, bbl . 1.50 © 2.00
Asparagus. So. Car. f’ey doz . 9.00 ©12 00
Good to prime . 3.00 © 8.00
Brussels Sprouts, qt . 08 © .18
Beets, new, bbl . 2.00 ® 3.00
Carrots, bbl . 1.50 © 2.00
Southern, new, bbl . 2.00 © 3.00
Cabbage — Danish seed, ton . 8.00 @10.00
New, Southern, bbl . 76 © 2.25
Celery, doz . 50 @1.00
Chicory, bbl . 2.00 ® 3.50
Cucumbers. Fla. bu . 2.00 @ 3.00
Escarol. bbl . . 3.00 @ 4.00
Kale, bbl . 1 00 © 1.25
Kohlrabi, Southern. 100 bunches . 2.50 @ 4.00
Lettuce. *6-bbl. bkt . 50 @2 00
Peppers. Southern, bn . 2.00 © 3.50
Fennel. Southern, bbl . 2.00 @ 2.50
Horseradish, 100 lbs . 5.00 © 7.00
Lima Beans, Fla. bkt . 2.00 @ 4.50
Okra. Fla. Carrier . 2.00 @ 3.00
Onions, Orange Co., bag . 1.50 @ 2.60
State and Western, 1431b. bag . 2.00 © 2.75
White pickle, bu . 1.25 @2.00
Peas. Fla., bu . 2.50 © 5.00
Radishes, S'n ** bbl.- bkt . 1.50 @1.75
Romaine. Southern, *6 bbl . 75 @ 1 50
Salsify, 10(1 bunches . 5.00 @ 7.00
String Beans, bu . 2.00 @ 3.50
8pinach, bbl . 1.50 © 2.00
squash, bbl . 1.75 © 2.25
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75 ® 1.00
White, bbl . 1.00 @ 1.50
Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches . 2.00 © 4.00
Kgg Plants, Fla., box . 2.50 © 3.00
Parsnips, bbl . 1.25 ® 1.75
Parsley bbl . 1.00 © 2.25
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 75 © 1.75
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Mushrooms and cucumbers selling well.
Lettuce, tomatoes and radishes dull.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 1.00 © 1.25
Common to good . 50 ® .75
Mushrooms, lb . 15 © .35
Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 ® 2 50
Rhubarb, doz bunebes . 15 @ .50
Tomatoes, lb . 10 © .20
BERMUDA PRODUCTS
Potatoes selling slowly. Parsley in heavy
supply and lower.
Potatoes, No. 1, bbl . 6.00 @ 6.25
No. 2 “ . 5.60 @ 5.25
Beets, bu. crate . 76 @1.00
Carrots, crate . 75 © 1.00
Peas. *6 bu . 2.50 @ 4.00
Parsley, bu. crate . 75 @1.00
Romaine, crate . 60 @1.00
LIVE POULTRY
Receipts are moderate, but trade very dull
except on prime fowls.
Chickens, lb . 14 @ .15
Fowls . if, © .16
Roosters . 09 @ .10
Pucks . . @ .18
Geese . 09 © .10
Turkeys . 12 © 13
DRESSED POULTRY— Fresh Killeb
Market very dull because of damaged
stock caused by mild weather in transit.
Turkeys. Fancy . 19 © 20
Common to Good . 16 @ .18
Chickens, roasting, prime . 18 @ .20
Common to Good . 14 @ .17
Fancy broilers, lb . 30 © .35
Fowls . 14 @ .16
Capons, best, lb . 24 © .26
Medium grades . 22 © .23
Small and Slips . 14 @ .16
Squabs, doz . 1.75 @ 4.59
DRESSED POULTRY-FROZEN
Turkeys, best . 22 © .23
ChickeDs. milk-fed broilers . 22 @ .25
Corn-fed broilers . 15 © .22
Milk- ted roasters . 17 @ .19
Corn-fed roasters . 15 © .16
Fowls . 12 © .14*6
Ducks, best . 16 @ .18
Common to good . 13 @ .15
Geese . 08 @ .14
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Calves plenty and selling slowly. Mar¬
ket on hothouse lambs lower and irregular.
Calves, good to prime . 12 @ .12*6
Common . OS @ .10
Lambs, hothouse, head . 3.00 © 6.00
Pork. light . 09 @ .10
Medium to heavy . 08 © .08*6
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 © .17
HAY AND STRAW
Choice Timothy and clover mixed selling
well, lower grades very well.
Bay. No. 1, ton . 20.00 @ 21.00
No. 2 . 18.00 @ 19.50
No. 3 . 14.50 © 16.00
Clover Mixed . 12.00 © 18 00
Clover . ...11.00 © 14.00
Straw, Rye . 9.00 © 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 © 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers. 100 lbs . 6.25 @6 40
Oxen and Stags . 6.00 @ 6.25
. 2.40 @ 4.75
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 6.00 @10.00
Gulls . 4.00 © 6.60
Sheep, 100 lbs . 4.00 @4.50
Lambs . 6.00 © 7.00
Ho«s . 7.60 @ 7.75
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.09 © ...
No. 2, Red . 95 © ...
No. I Macaroni . 97 <§> ...
Corn, as to quality, bush . 49 © ,52
Oats, as to weight, bush . 36 @ 38
1{ye . . @ '.85
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 24.00 © 25.00
Standard Middlings . 26.00 @ 27.50
Rod Dog . 27.50 @ 28.00
Hominy Chop . 22.60 © 23.70
Linseed Meal . 35.00 @ 36.00
Corn Meal . 23.00 @ 24.00
» COTTON
New York, Middling Upland.. .
Middling Gulf .
New Orleans, Low Middling .
Good Middling . . ,
14.65
14.90
14.10
15.00
WOOL
NewYork Fleeces, Delaine, unwashed.
Ohio Fine, unwashed . . .
Kentucky, three-eighths blood .
Michigan, half blood .
TOBACCO.
Conn, broadleaf-filler .
Fine wrppe's .
N. Y. State Fillers .
Fine and Selections .
Ohio. Zimmer s Spanish .
Virginia Dark Lugs .
Dark Leaf .
Bright Cutters .
.26
© .26*6
.22
©
.23
.27
@ 27. *6
. .27
@
.28
.08
©
.10
.60
®
.60
.05
@
.06
.12
©
.16
.19
@
.20
.07
@
.09*6
.10
©
.20
.12
©
.30
The Examiner: “But if, as you say,
all the rivers run into the sea, why
doesn’t it overflow?” Johnnie (taken
aback: “Why — er — ’cos it’s so full of
sponges.”— The Sketch.
“Do you want a narrow man’s comb?”
asked the clerk. “No,” said the cus¬
tomer, gravely. “I want a comb for a
stout man with rubber teeth.” — Balti¬
more American.
The through train from the West had
stopped at the little station where the
overland flyer from the East was to pass
it. “What is the population of your
village.''” asked one of the passengers.
“I don’t know, sir,” said the station
agent; “but if your train doesn’t leave
within the next five minutes you’ll have
time to count ’em for yourself. They’re
all here at the deepo.”— Chicago Tri¬
bune.
As a train was approaching a station,
it parted in the middle, and the com¬
munication cord snapped, the end of it
striking an old lady on her bonnet.
What is the matter?” she exclaimed.
“The train is broken in two,” replied a
gentleman opposite. “And no wonder!”
responded the old lady, looking at the
broken cord. “Did they think a bit of
pudding-string like that would hold a
train together?” — Credit Lost.
Unclipped
Clipped
'M
Which is Yours?
Every progressive owner of horses recognizes the fact that horses clipped
in the spring dry off quick after sweating, rest well and get more good ont
of their feed. They not only look better, bnt they feel better and do better
work. No way of clipping has ever been devised that takes off the hair so
easily, so quickly and so smoothly as with the
Price, all complete
a* shown
Stewart Ball Bearing
Clipping Machine g7 -M9
This machine weighs only 36 pounds, boxed. You can carry it about anywhere. It has 6 feet
of new style, easy-running flexible shaft, so all parts of the horse are readied easily. It lias the
famous Stewart One-Nut Tension Knife— highest grade. The gears are all cut from the solid
Steel bar and made file hard. Then all are enclosed and protected from dust and dirt, where
they run in constant oil bath. /T /S GUARANTEED FOR 25 YEARS and
«> no116 cian ru“i,lt ?nd.5.io clipping with it. Get one now at your dealer's, or send
12.00 and we will ship C. O. D for balance. Write for new 1911 Catalogue. DO IT TODAY
Chicago Flexible Shaft Co. 143 LaSalle Av., Chicago
BUY A NEW YORK STATE WAGON
DIRECT FROM FACTORY
If you want the best made at the lowest
possible price. We build wagons for
service — not merely to sell, We are the
only N. Y. State factory selling direct
to user, saving one-third of the cost for you.
Send for One on Approval.
Safe delivery guaranteed— no deposit or _ _
references required. Our wagon can sell A No. 1 Runabout- soimi .■ spat
itselt or there will bo no sale. Write today easy riding will last, for uuuiv
— -- x?1' CJJt?'lo£ 200 styles and Wholesale years. It * defies competition
than $80. Price List. Harness Catalog shows equally and retails for ^65 1
big values. v
Rochester Vehicle Company , 360 Main St., Rochester, N. V.
Handy Wagon: Removable seats,
drop end gate, strong and dur¬
able. Can’t be duplicated any.
where at retail for less *’ —
AN IHC MANURE SPREADER MEANS
NEW LAND ON THE OLD FARM
[HOUSANDS of people during the past year paid fabulous
prices for new land — gave up their savings and their homes
and moved into unknown country just for the sake of securing
more productive property.
Hundreds of farmers found a better plan. They stayed at
home and invested a small part of what it would have cost them
to move to the new country in an I H C Manure Spreader.
.Now in leisure time during the winter they are returning to
the soil the rich fertility that has been drained from it— making
new land out of old putting it into condition to yield bumper crops.
With an I H C Spreader the manure can be distributed in the
proper amount required by the condition of the soil. A light
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IHC Manure Spreaders have many exclusive features which
you ought to know about. Years of successful service has shown
their superiority. In buying an I H C machine
you are assured satisfaction for they are backed
by a company that cannot afford to risk its repu¬
tation by offering you anything but the best.
IHC Spreaders are made in three styles
Corn King — Kemp 20th Century—
Cloverleaf
in sizes ranging from 30 to 70 bushels capacity.
Corn King and Kemp 20th Century Spread¬
ers are of the return apron type — Cloverleaf
Spreaders have endless aprons. Lime hoods
for spreading lime and drilling attachments
for distributing manure in rows are furnished
on special order.
Let the IHC local dealer tell you all about
IHC Spreaders and how you, too, can turn your
manure pile into money with one of
these simple, efficient machines.
Catalogues can be secured from
him, or, by writing for them.
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
OF AMERICA
Chicago (Incorporated) USA
IHC Service Bureau
The Bureau is a
center where the
best ways of doing
things on the farm,
and data relating
to its development,
are collected and
distributed free to
every one interest¬
ed in agriculture.
Every available
source of informa¬
tion will be used in
answering ques¬
tions on all farm
subjects. If the
questions are sent
to the IHC Service
Bureau, they will
receive prompt at¬
tention.
4£iO
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
March 25,
In effect March 1 the New York Ex¬
change price was reduced one-half cent to
$1.01 per 40-quart can, netting 3% cents
to shippers in 26-cent zone who have no
additional station charges.
At a meeting of the Dairymen's League
at Middletown, N. Y., March 7, it was an¬
nounced that the league had gained con¬
trol of 80,000 cows, and that it would soon
be ready to dictate terms to the Milk Ex¬
change and dealers in New York. Dairy¬
men representing 3,000 cows signed the
league agreements at this meeting. The
Dairymen’s League was formed in October,
1907, with 5,000 cows. It was then stated
that the league would be able to dictate
what prices should be paid the farmers for
•their milk when it controlled 50.000 cows.
However, the league now claims to control
the output of 80,000 cows, The league is
organized throughout New York, New Jer-
sey, Pennsylvania and Connecticut, and was
incorporated last August in New Jersey.
A good many farmers are in the milk
business ; most of them ship their milk
to Columbus, O., by electric railroad. The
price received for the Winter months is
15 cents per gallon and in Summer 13
cents per gallon. Some of the farmers are
buying separators and ship cream. There
is no retailing of milk here, but in I’atas-
kala, three miles north of here, milk is re¬
tailed at five cents per quart. In Colum¬
bus, O., milk retails at from seven to 10
cents per quart. Chickens are raised in
considerable quantities and are sold largely
to dealers. The price for old fowls at
present is 11 cents per pound. Broilers are
from 15 to 20 cents per pound, according
to weight ; live turkeys from 18 to 20 cents
per pound. Ducks bring about the same as
chickens. s-
Licking County, O.
American dairymen will be interested in
knowing what English farmers obtain for
their milk. In England the dairymen ap¬
pear to be well organized, different associa¬
tions taking care of the milk supply for
the different markets. The Midland Farm¬
ers’ Association for example decided that
seven months in the year they would charge
18 cents a . gallon for milk and for five
months 14 cents. These prices are for
milk delivered by rail. For special dairies
and high-testing milk extra prices will be
demanded. The Central Association of
dairy farmers which supplies London with
milk met in that city recently and fixed
the prices at which they w.U sell milk at
20 cents a gallon for six months and 15
cents for the remaining six. Some of our
American farmers will think they are in
Fairyland when they read of a body of
dairymen actually deciding what they
shall sell their milk for.
Those Dairy Figures.— On page 129
the statement of income from “Ilillcrest
Is a very interesting showing of the re¬
sult of efforts of three persons of the ages
named. Certain no other occupation could
be so arranged to produce a living for
three persons without considering the item .
of improvement, value not stated. The item
of three horses seems excessive for a place
of this size, and the bull is a star boarder
with a herd of 10. The butter average of
300 pounds per cow does not indicate either
special good cows or more than average
care. That the sales management is good
is evidenced by the price obtained for but¬
ter, but the fact remains that the profit
at this farm is in the quality of butter the
lady makes, and that the “old man" is only
making half a hand. The results obtained
are capable of great improvement with less
labor, if that spare horse, bull, and the
poor cows were replaced with better butter
cows. Figure it for yourself.
Pennsylvania. R. c.
In England they have a Board of Agricul¬
ture that tries to be useful practically to
dairymen. This board learned of a case in
(France where a milkman was convicted for
selling adulterated milk. The evidence
against him was based on the assumption
that it is possible to make the cow water
the milk either by feeding her on watery
food or making her drink a large amount
of water just before being milked. On this )
theory the Frenchman was convicted. In j
order to test the matter this Board of Agri- !
culture made a test of seven cows. They >
handled them in various ways, part of the j
time on dry fodder with as little water as
they could get along with, and at other
times feeding roots and all the salt they
could possibly give in order to induce the
cows to drink more water. The records of
milk were carefully kept, and the milk
was tested frequently. They fed some of
these cows up to six ounces of salt with
each meal so that it caused purging of
the cattle. The result was that they found
that the amount of water taken by the
cows had no effect on the quality of their
milk yield. In other words, the conviction
in the French courts was based on the
false presumption that water and watery !
foods would weaken the quality of the
milk.
The Foley Milk Bill.
We have mentioned the Foley milk bill,
which would create a State milk commis¬
sion to regulate the price of milk. As
first introduced this bill covered New
Y’ork, Buffalo and Rochester ; it has since
been amended so as to apply to New York
City alone. The last hearing was held at
Albany on March 8. Mr. J. B. Coleman,
who is pushing the bill, said that he con¬
sidered seven cents in Summer and nine
cents in Winter as a fair»price to the con¬
sumer. lie said that the producer now
obtained only 2% cents out of nine which
is paid by the consumer. Efforts have
apparently been made to make farmers be¬
lieve that in case this bill passed they
would receive even less than the price now
paid. Mr. Foley, who introduced the bill,
said that it would not affect them in this
way. The dealers and manufacturers are
as a rule opposed to the bill and they
made apparently a strong showing before
this hearing. There is no particular sen¬
timent back of it from the farmers and
dairymen as they are unable to see wherein
such a bill will be of any benefit to them.
FEEDING APPLE POMACE TO COWS
I have a cider mill, and would like to
know if there is any way I can keep the
pomace to feed stock in Winter. WTould
it do to put it in silo with corn? I would
like to know what use can be made of
pomace. c. h. y.
Richford, N. Y.
I have fed over 200 tons of apple pomace
in the past few years, at the same time
supplying particular customers with butter
and cream. I have never had a word of
complaint from this cause. No silo is
needed to keep it for Winter feeding, and
pomace made last Fall, if simply in a pile
out of doors, is all right to feed yet ; in
fact I have fed pomace three or four years
old from a large pile out of doors. If
handy I would prefer having it under
cover, where it would be handy to feed
from, and if the pile is good size, it will
heat before cold weather sets in, and hold
the warmth a long time, making it nicer
feed for the cattle, it does not even spoil
on the outside of the pile until the fol¬
lowing Spring or Summer, if left standing
that long, and after that the inside is as
good as ever, apparently. I would not
bother to put it in silo with the corn. It
would be just that much labor wasted, so
far as being necessary to keep the pomace.
Start in feeding .lightly at first, and in¬
crease until cows have all they will clean
up. If a cow gets so much as to sicken
her of it, which we have often had happen,
just cut down the quantity, or leave it
out of the next meal, and she is soon ready
to handle it heavily again. Pomace is far
safer to feed than apples or potatoes. Ap¬
ple peelings from canning factory have
given us trouble, as the cider is not taken
out of them and they get very sour, so as
to spoil the milk, cream and butter, when
fed heavily, after lying in pile for a time.
The juice that comes out of the apple is
the dangerous part of it. The man who
is wintering his cows on hay or dry fodder
and can get a load of apple pomace for
them, will soon see the value of it in the
increased flow of milk, provided, of course,
they are not all “dry.” i. c. R.
Miner Bungalow, Fran.lin, Mass.
npHE cost of shingles has gone
way up — the quality way
down.
Bird NEP ONSET Roofings are the answer
to the demand for better, permanent and
more economical roofings. In this section
of the country you can see NEP°nseT
Roofings whose long years of service
prove their superior wearing qualities
and economy.
IMEPONSET
Roofings
For Different Types of Buildings
afford protection against fire, save repair bills,
and are a continual source of satisfaction.
Let us give you a copy of the NEPONSET Book,
describing these roofings in full, and also the standard
NEPONSET Waterproof Building Papers, specified by
leading architects for a quarter of a century. You can
have, at the same time, samples of every product that
interests you.
F. W. Bird & Son, East Walpole, Mass.
Established 1795
Originators of Complete Ready Roofings
and IV ater proof Building Papers
Xew York, Chicago, Washington, Portland, Ore., San Francisco.
Canadian Mills and Offices:
* Hamilton. Out; Winnipeg; Montreal; St. John.
r Get — put your cows in better condition. I am
More doing ft — 550 are hundreds of others, and I want
to proclaim the good news to every dairyman
who has not yet tried the new
SCHUMA CHER
FEEDING PLAN
ft ere it is : Mix Schumacher Feed to the amount of % to % your I
- * ration with any high protein concentrates you are now H
feeding, such as Gluten, Oil meal, Cottonseed meal, Malt sprouts, Distil-
lers grains, Blue Ribbon Dairy Feed or other high protein feed and you /jH
will be surprised at the increase in flow, the improvement in condition /fl
of your cows and the saving in cost of your feed. The high quality /B
V of .Schumacher and the favorable prices of grains making it pos-
sible to buy Schumacher at about the cost of bran saves you $5 IBS/
|\ to $8 a ton. Ask your dealer for it, or write to us. f^^B
1^. The Quaker Oats Company /MS
Chicago, U. S. A. MnBBSs&rm
day, 13 of these cows havo been milked
sinco last March and April.
The most important point in this test
is the fact that, while Schumacher’s cost
mo S6.00 per ton less than the Distillers
Grains, m.v cows actually gained in milk
by feeding it. and at a timo when every
dairyman knows, cows that have been
milked so long usually shrink in flow.
J. E. MURRAY, Freedom, N. Y.
The Quaker Oats Co.,
Gentlemen : — During the past few
months, I have been feeding my dairy
a ration composed of equal parts of
Gluten Feed and Distil'ers Grains.
About two weeks ago I left out the Dis¬
tillers Grains and began using Schu¬
macher Feed in its place and feeding
just the same amount. In 2 days my
dairy has gained 30 pounds of milk per
Gained
30 Bbs •
from
#4 Cows
AMERICAN
Here Is The Harrow
To Use On Your Farm
ACME
Because the “ACME" Harrow
gives results. It is used for
preparing the soil for all grains
and alfalfa. It is particularly suc¬
cessful because the sharp, sloping
knives cut through to the undersoil,
cutting and slicing trash that has been
turned under by the plow and leaving it
buried to fertilize the gf*owing crops. It
can be used on all kinds of land, whether the
soil be heavy or light, preparing a perfect
seed bed.
Pulverizing Har¬
row, Clod Crusher
and Leveler
cuts, crushes, turns, levels and smoothes in
one operation.and is the only implement neces¬
sary to be used after the plow in completely fit¬
ting your soil for the seed. There are no lumps
or air spaces between the furrows. The under
soil is left compacted and the topsoil loose. Tills
conserves the moisture for the growing crops
and will insure you larger yields per acre. The
“ACME” Harrow is made'of steel and iron, is
light of draft and easily handled. Sizes from 3
to 17J$ feet wide— a size to suit your needs.
Price, theelieapest riding Harrow made. On
a twenty acre Held the -ACME” will pay for
itself in one season through increased yield.
Let us send you our booklet and catalog,
“Preparation of the Soil”— FREE. It will
mean money for you. Ask your dealer for
prices, or write to DUANE H. NASH, Inc.,
137 Division Ave. ,
Millington, X. J.
General Agents,
JOHN I1KKRK PLOW CO.,
Syracuse, X. Y.
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
with metal fence posts have
developed this post. It is
now thoroughly practical, fill¬
ing every requirement on the
farm, in the town, for rail¬
roads and wherever fence posts
are used.
Made of tough steel, heavily
zinc coated. Durability
proven by us — ten years’ ac¬
tual use showing good as new.
Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
for it.
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 6 Wire Co.
Chicago :
115 Adams Street
Denver :
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
New York:
30 Church Street
San Francisco :
16th and Folsom Sts.
Death
Worms
to
the
Stomach
Guaranteed
"SVc will Bein’ yon 100 ll>9. of 1)11.
HOLLAND’S MEDICATED STOCK
SALT on 60 days’ trial freight,
prepaid. If you derive no benefit,
it costs you nothing; If you do, It
costs you $5.00. Give us your or¬
der at once.
The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost— with the
PROFIT FARM BOILER
With Dumping Caldron. Empties
its kettle in one minute. The simplest
and best arrangement for cooking
food forstock. Also make Dairy ana
Laundry Stoves, Water and
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog
Scalders, Caldrons. ete. lT^"Send
for particulars and ask for cir :ulan J
D. R. SPERRY & 00., Bat ,via, lu,
We have a size to suit your power and requir 'ments. Get one
of these guaranteed outfits
now. Lumber is high. The
mill will soon pay for it¬
self. No experience needed.
No Belts, Springs or compli¬
cated parts to get out of
order or cause trouble.
The sawer has complete
control of Variable Fric¬
tion Feedwith one hand; slight motion of lever changes
speed. Other time and labor saving devices enable
this mill to saw more lumber with less power and
less help than any other. Free Mill Book explains
and lists our complete line of wood working machin¬
ery. Write for it today.
AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO.
129 Hope St.. HacketUtown. N. J. 1582 Terminal Bldgs.. New York
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
421
Nitrate ; Millet ; Cow Peas.
G. 8. R., EarlviUe, A'. Y. — Is it good
practice to sow nitrate of soda two years
in succession on Timothy sod, where it
was not very well sodded? Is German mil¬
let a good crop to seed down with a per¬
manent meadow? Would cow peas sown
with oats about June 1 make good hay
here in Central New York, or would Can¬
ada peas be best?
Ans. — We would not sow nitrate of
soda alone on such a meadow two years
in succession. The njtrate alone is a
stimulant. Use potash and acid phos¬
phate with it. You can seed down with
millet, but we have not had as good
results from this as when seeding with
grain. Cow peas will not answer for
sowing with oats. It is the Canada field
pea you want. The cow pea is as
tender as a bean.
Sandy Roots and Cows’ Teeth.
Does it injure a cow’s teeth or the cow
in any way to feed her dirty roots? I
always thought it did make their teeth
sore, but some say it does no harm.
Saranac Lake, N. Y. w. m.
If a large amount of sand clings to
roots it might make a cow’s teeth sore
in time. Shake off the loose soil, as
the roots are taken from the cellar or
pit, by picking up one in each hand and
striking them together. If they are dry,
as they should be, this method will re¬
move most of the earth and they will be
relished better by the cows. Pigs do not
object if the soil is not removed, in fact
the “dirtier” the roots the better for the
pigs. We believe that roots keep better
when stored for the Winter, and come
out more crisp and juicy in the Spring,
if quite a lot of soil — which must be dry
of course — is allowed to go into the cel¬
lar or pit with them. c. S. M.
Clover in Silo.
M. G., Pennsylvania. — I would like to
ask II. D. Williams, Ohio, who writes on
page 219 on clover silage, what diameter
silo) he filled with clover and whether
dover (without cutting) would, in his
opinion, keep well in an octagonal silo 8V6
feet in diameter. I have such a silo and
partly fllled it with cut clover last year.
I found it difficult and expensive to elevate
(ut clover with a blower. The filling came
at a time when I should have been cul¬
tivating corn. I have not used much of
this silage, as I put corn silage on top of
it in Fall, but I feel confident that I will
not get results sufficient to pay me for the
loss in neglected corn crop. However, if
it will keep without cutting, it could be
put in much cheaper. I will soon get down
to the clover silage and can then talk re¬
sults better than now.
Ans. — I can see no reason why uncut
clover would not keep in 8j4-foot octag¬
onal silo. Ours, 12 feet diameter, 25 feet
high, is of sufficient height to give pres¬
sure. I would advise thorough tramp¬
ing in small silo, and would use more
water to add weight to press all air out,
thus avoiding mould. We grow the
Mammoth or big English clover, and ex¬
pected trouble in getting clover out of
silo, but were very greatly surprised.
Results were very satisfactory.
Ohio. H. D. WILLIAMS.
Manuring Stubble or Sod.
E. E. II., Germansville, Pa. — I have two
fields, one clover sod and the other rye
stubble. Nothing was done to cither field
after hay and harvest were off. On which
ought I to haul my manure, and why?
I 'ye stubble will go to corn and clover sod
to potatoes.
We would apply the manure to the rye
stubble for the following reasons : The
rye stubble will (other conditions being
equal) be more in need of plant food,
especially nitrogen, than the clover sod,
for clover always enriches the soil. The
clover sod will also have the added ad¬
vantage of a greater amount of humus,
or vegetable matter. For the second
place, it is much better practice to apply
manure, especially green or coarse ma¬
nure, to corn than to potatoes. Corn
is adapted to utilize large quantities of
manure, for it is a gross feeder, and :
especially needs the abundance of nitro- [
gen which this most valuable of fertiliz- ■
ers possesses. On the other hand, the i
potatoes will find a very congenial home !
in the clover sod, which will be mellow
and rich in humus, and which will, in
fact, generally produce a good crop of
potatoes without other fertilizers. How¬
ever, it will usually pay, even upon a
clover sod, to use a small amount, say
400 pounds per acre, of some reliable
potato manure. Rot, rust and scab are
much more likely to attack potatoes
grown upon soil where barnyard ma¬
nure is applied than upon soil enriched
with clover and commercial fertilizers.
C. S. M.
Ruptured Pig.
I have a shote with a swelling at the
navel. What is the trouble? J. h. b.
There is an umbilical hernia and the
pig should be slaughtered for meat as soon
as in fit condition. It does not pay as a
general rule, to treat such ruptures In
swine. a. s. a.
Lameness.
A mare about nine years old, used for
fjrm work and driving, had a wind-
gall on her left front leg on inside when
1 got her three years ago. It caused no
trouble for two years ; then she occasion¬
ally went temporarily lame on the road,
sometimes coming all right after part of
journey completed. About six weeks ago
she went very badly lame and I was un¬
able to use her. Veterinary gave me lini¬
ment and used for three weeks, keeping
her in stable, but no improvement. He
then blistered leg and kept her for a week
standing up. That made slight improve¬
ment, but soon relapsed as badly as ever.
Then he stated there was a rupture in
that windgall and he will have to put
something on to remove windgall alto¬
gether. Is there a cure for the trouble?
Delaware. w. w.
The windgall apparently is not the
cause of the lameness and a more careful
examination should bo made. If the mare
places the foot well forward when stand¬
ing at rest the foot is the seat of the
lameness and repeated blistering of the
coronet may do some good. a. s. a.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 20.
“FOR DAIRY COWS”
An Easy Way to Compound
a Properly Balanced
Ration.
A good, substantial foundation for a
properly balanced ration can be ob¬
tained from a combination of 4 lbs.
Dried Beet Pulp (preferably moistened
for several hours before using) with 2
lbs. 41% Cotton-seed meal, or in place
of the Cotton-seed meal use 3 lbs. gluten
feed, 3)4 to 4 lbs. Distillers’ Dried
Grains or 3*4 to 4 lbs. Dried Brewers’
Grains. Add to this combination any
grain that is available to you — corn,
oats, buckwheat, barley, middlings or
bran — and you will have a ration which
will closely approximate the Standard.
If wheat bran or wheat middlings are
used, 3*4 lbs. of Dried Distillers’ Grains
or Dried Brewers’ Grains should be
ample, but with corn, oats, buckwheat
or barley, use 4lbs. This recommenda¬
tion assumes that your roughage iis
equivalent in feeding value to 18 lbs. of
mixed hay. If the roughage is poor, it
may be necessary to slightly increase
the protein feed by using a little more
Cotton-seed meal, gluten feed, Distillers’
Dried Grains or Brewers’ Dried Grains.
Dried Beet pulp can be obtained from
local feed dealers generally or from
THE LARROWE MILLING CO.,
1507 Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
PLANT AND FERTILIZE
AT ONE TRIP
Eclipse Gsrn Planter
and Fertilizer Distributer
Improved row marker. Wide range for hill
spacing 8 to 45 inches. Handles any kind of fer¬
tilizer, In any condition, 50 to 4 .0 lbs. per acre.
We ma.ke a special gear which sows 600 lbs. per
acre. Plants all seeds accurately. Light draft
easily handled quick and positive adjustments.’
We also make the
Eclipse Two-Horse Two-Row Planter
Write us.
Belcher & Taylor A. T. Co.
Box 75, Chicopee Falls, Mass.
An I H C Gasoline
Engine Has
Been Built
Especially
For You/
No matter what kind of work you want your engine to do. Whether you
need 1-H. P. or 45-H. P .—whether you want a vertical or horizontal engine,
one that is portable, or of the stationary type— there is an I H C that will
just meet your requirements. Also a line of Traction Engines in 12, 15, 20,
25, and 45-H. P. sizes — varied types.
The I II C line of Gasoline Engines has been developed to cover every
farm power need. The men who are responsible for their design and con¬
struction know conditions on the farm, and they know what is required
to do all farm work efficiently and economically.
The next time you are in town call on the I H C local dealer— explain the
work you want your engine to do, whether operating cream separator, feed
grinder, fanning mill, thresher, spreader, turning grind-stone, sawing wood,
etc., and he’ll show you the engine to do it— do it quickly— efficiently— and
economically just as others like it are doing for thousands of other farmers.
He’ll show you, too, the many advantages of IHC con¬
struction-points you ought to know about if you want the
most satisfactory farm power you can buy.
If you prefer, write for the IHC Gasoline Engine
catalogue. It gives all the facts. Address
International Harvester Company of America
(Incorporated)
Chicago - - USA
IHC Service Bureau
The purpose of this Bureau is to furnish farmers
■with information on better farming. If you have
any worthy questions concerning soils, crops, pests
fertilizer, etc., write to the IHC Service Bureau!
and learn what our experts and others have
found out concerning those subjects.
“NEW MODERN”
FEED and
LITTER
CARRIERS
Do twice the work in half the time.
THEY PAY FOR THEMSELVES.
Easy to use and nothing to get out of order.
"NEW MODERN”
Swing Cattle Stanchion
with individual manger
and watering basin is
the best yet.
"NEW MODERN”
Sanitary Steel Stalls
There is nothing bet¬
ter nor easier to keep
clean.
Write for Catalog.
GL0R BROS. & WILLIS MFC. CO., 81 Main St., Attica, N. Y.
“ Everything for the Varn. ’ ’
Heavy Fence
For Economy
W OVEN-WIRE FENCES must be heavy as
they have to turn animals by sheer strength
of the wire. A fence with barbs is protected
from excessive pressure because the animal fears the
barbs. Remove the barbs and the greatest strength
of the animal is thrown tipon the fence. Its wires
must be larger and stronger. To have a long-life
woven-wire fence the fence must be heavy.
AMERICAN
FENCE
is a thoroughly galvanized square mesh fence of
weight, strength and durability. Large wires are
used and the whole fabric is woven together with
the American hinged joint (patented)— the most
substantial and flexible union possible. Both wires
are positively locked and firmly held against side slip
and yet are free to act like a hinge in yielding to
pressure, returning quickly to place without bending
or injuring the metal.
r .Stocks of American Fence
i/cdicrb Lverywnere are carrie(1 jn every place
where farm supplies are sold. The Fence is shipped to these
points In carload lots, thereby securing the cheapest transpor¬
tation, and the saving in freight thus made enables it to be sold
at the lowest prices. Look for the American Fence dealer and
get the substantial advantages he is enabled to offer. He is
there to serve the purchaser in person, offer the variety of
selection and save the buyer money in many ways.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver San Francisco
Send for copy of "American Fence News," profusely illustrated, devoted to the interests
o' .armers and showing how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm
I'tt’rttished free upon application .
-422
March 25,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
I have just received notice from the
Adams Express Company that they are
ready to pay for the eggs I shipped by
them to F. S. Graham of Buffalo, N. Y.,
in .July last, and which wore never deliv¬
ered. I thank you for the help. F. M. T.
New York.
This shipment was made in July, and
the complaint did not come to us until
January 11, 1911, and the above ad¬
justment was made on January 28,
which was very satisfactory to us, but
the six months’ effort of the shipper
illustrates the difficulty that an indi¬
vidual has in getting a settlement
through these express companies.
I have an account against the Donley
Dumber Company, C. M. Donley, of Win¬
field, Kansas, for the amount of $20, which
I wish you would undertake to collect for
me, the account being now nearly two years
old. C. A.
Magnolia, Texas.
We have been following the claim for
some time, but find that C. M. Donley
went into bankruptcy some time in the
early part of 1910 and, of course, legally
wiped out all of his previous debts. The
information is that he is now in the
vicinity of Hoisington, Mo. Our at¬
torneys returned the claim with the in¬
formation that they are unable to locate
him, and it seems to be one of the hope¬
less cases.
I was much interested in your Publisher's
Desk” about the canceled stamp fake. 1
also received one of these letters, and sent
a registered letter to Miss Mills, asking for
particulars. My letter was returned by
the Philadelphia post office, which advised
me that they have received more than 200,-
000 letters for “Miss Mills” which they
could not deliver, as “she” could not be
found. Con you give me any idea as to
what possible advantage can be gained by
the person who starts one of these chains?
Thank you for your good fight against swin¬
dles and swindlers. F. c. b. w.
The object of the letters is probably
to get lists of names and addresses in
order to work some bigger fake later on.
Or it may have been started with the
hope of renovating the stamps so that
they could be used over again. The
chances are that the scheme has been
abandoned because of some investigation
that has scared off the promoter.
A certain acquaintance of mine has been
trying to induce me to buy stock in the
“Sterling Magazine,” published by the West¬
ern Publishing Company of St. Louis. Can
you give me any information and do you
think it worthy of any consideration?
Ohio. E. F. E.
This seems to be a new publication.
The standard authorities on publications
list it, but leave blank the column for
circulation figures. Other authorities
state the company is not incorporated,
so that if it is selling stock it must be
recently incorporated. Our advice to
you would be to let these venturesome
publishers finance their own enter¬
prises. There are 10 failures in the
publishing business to one conspicuous
success. Any venture in a new propo¬
sition of the kind is the wildest form of
speculation. We wish these new ven¬
tures success; but the promoters ought
to risk their own money and not ask
outsiders to help finance such venture¬
some propositions.
I have just returned from a trip along
the entire east coast of Florida, and I
want to repeat and emphasize what has
so often been said in this column about
buying land in that State of agents and
land promoters without examination and
investigation. The climate is all right,
but you cannot live on climate, and as
a speculation there is nothing in it ex¬
cept for the promoters. I met one man
who had bought a farm and paid for it,
only to find that his title was no good,
and the prospects now are that he will
spend more in the courts than he paid
for the land, and probably lose it all.
The State has no general survey, and
it is said that many deeds lap over on
the same land and some of them cover
the same ground. The drained lands
are now worked with special vigor and
many a hard-earned dollar is finding its
way to the land shark’s pocket. The
best people of Florida regret that these
conditions exist. The trade is no good
to anyone but the promoters. In any
section the natives will tell you the
truth, if you take pains to go among
them. One man said : “Florida is all
right if you have made your pile; but
it is no place for a poor man from the
North.” Individuals will prosper there
as* elsewhere. I would discourage no
one who becomes familiar with the
situation and decides on a Florida home ;
but don’t go there looking for bargains
or snaps.
Wliat Is the actual reputation of the
following real estate dealers : Ilubard &
Noble. Buckingham, Va. ; Pyle & Co. Inc.,
Petersburg, Ya. ? t. c.
Neither of the real estate deallers
have any financial rating in the sources
of information open to us. We would
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
never advise a purchase of real estate
by mail. Real estate agents, even when
perfectly honest and reliable, are looking
for commissions, and their descriptions
of property are likely to be colored by
their desire for business. Besides, what
may seem good to him may not suit
you. Before you buy real estate, go
out and see it. If you cannot do that,
leave it alone. While without rating,
the agent may be in a position to serve
you, and, of course, there are honest
men in the real estate agency business ;
but they have no responsibility to you in
any event except to negotiate the sale
and take their commission. There arc
many tricks resorted to in these trans¬
actions. First see the land and be sure
it has transportation facilities. Then
be sure you get the land you inspect.
This is not as easy as it seems. Al¬
ways get a reliable attorney to fix the
papers and locate the property. In your
own neighborhood this is all easy. The
advice applies to sections where you are
a stranger.
I received check for $12.28 from Adams
Express Company for claim which you col¬
lected for me. 1 am very much obliged for
your assistance. u. g.
New York.
POULTRY SUPPLIES
Everything for the poultryman at low prices: Auto¬
matic Feeders, Hall Mammoth and Model Incuba¬
tors. Feed, Remedies, Hen-e-ta, Knt Corn, Liverine,
LegBands,etc. Prompt shipments. Write forcatalog.
HARRIES & BENEDICT CO.
Keystone foods
are demanded and used by successful
poult rymen everywhere because our
goods are reliable. Every ounce of grain is
clean and nourishing. Lowest prices. Full
weight. Prompt shipments. Satisfaction
fuaranteed. Send to'day for Booklet and
REE Souvenir. Don’t delay.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y.
American Poultry Plant
White Orpingtons (Kellerstrass), White Leghorns
(Wyekoff), Mammoth Bronze and White Holland
Turkeys. Indian Runner Ducks. Quality and
superior egg production. Stock and eggs in
large quantities. COLLINS, OHIO.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS ! wTu,
dottes, Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.60, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas, $2.00, 15. Cat¬
alog gratis. F. M. PRESCOTT, Riverdalo, N. J.
This claim was for a shipment of
eggs to a New York commission house.
Adams Express Co. failed to make de¬
livery and offered the shipper $5.98,
which was less than half the value of
the eggs. We notified them we would
take the matter up with the Public Ser¬
vice Commission unless settlement was
made promptly for the full value. The
above letter shows the result.
I have ordered $3 worth of books in re¬
sponse to a circular from “New York Nov¬
elty Publishing Company,” 1182 Broad¬
way, New York, and have written twice
since and got no reply to the three
letters. Are they all right? Who should I
inform to prevent a further wrong use of
mails by those who swindle through the
mails? H. b. L.
Iowa.
White Wyandottes
satisfaction. Selected eggs, one dollar per fifteen.
L. A. PAGE, Old Bridge, New Jersey.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHKR.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks, $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CARL W. LLOYD, Mgr.,
Hillside, Westchester County. N. Y.
Indian Runner Drakes sSa, S !»w£!£:
FRANK F. TERRY, Assonet, 31ass.
S. C. BI.ACK MINORCA COCKERELS
range reared. Eggs for hatching; prices reason¬
able. JAMES GOODMAN, New Ringgold, Pa.
We are unable to locate anyone re¬
sponsible for this concern. Letters ad¬
dressed to them are returned by the
post office with the information that it
is a fictitious name. Some one probably
rented a mail box at the address and
assumed a name to draw remittances.
Nothing can be done in the matter now.
WHITE WYANDOTTES and Indian “Genuine Fawn” Runner
Ducks. Grand TPtn and Lay Strains. Stock and
Eggs at honest prices. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Write 0WNLAND FARM. Box 497, South Hammond, N. Y.
SNOW WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
$5 per 100. A few good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOLDENROD FARM, Dept. R, Stewartstown, Pa.
SINGI.E-COMB White Orpingtons, Kellerstrass strain. Eggs for
hatching $3 per in; lrom prize winning stock, three cockerels
$3 each. W. A. KAISER, 2703 Jamaica Are., Richmond l!iil,L.I
Mv wife answered a puzzle in an adver¬
tisement of a western paper. The prize for
a correct answer was to be $10. She got
a letter saying her answer was correct, but
she has not been able to get the $10. She
was obliged to send 50 cents for a paper
in order to compete for the prize, e. c. s.
Maine.
Puzzles of this kind are always fakes.
The puzzles are made easy so that any¬
one can answer them correctly, and you
will then send your remittance under
the impression that you are to get a
prize. In most cases the prizes are never
sent at all, but when the prize is sent
some one thousands of others are sure to
be disappointed. Besides the original
disappointment, your name usually goes
on a sucker list, and is sold to one fake
concern after another, and you are con¬
tinually annoyed with alluring and
fraudulent schemes, some of which are
so clever that you run a chance of
being duped again by them. Don’t
answer any puzzles expecting to get
anything out of them. The object is to
get your money for an article that you
would not buy without an allurement
of the kind.
I am enclosing papers in regard to a
claim for 53 crates of tomatoes which I
shipped by Southern Express Company,
care Atlantic Coast Dispatch, and which
were never delivered to my customer. These
53 crates were shipped as follows: March 8,
eight crates; March 15, nine crates; March
24, three crates; March 25, five crates;
March 26, seven crates ; April 5, 12 crates ;
April 6, nine crates. I sent William
Schaefer, Philadelphia, Pa., about 50 crates
over other lines which he received all
right, hut I was notified in this case they
could not locate him. Please see what you
can do with the claim. I did not mark
the street address on these crates, but
neither did I on the other crates he re¬
ceived. J- M. BADER.
Florida.
A letter from Mr. Schaefer, the con¬
signee in this case, says :
I wish to say these goods were lost in
shipment. Our address is in both the city
and telephone directories. All goods shipped
bv Mr. Bauer are properly tagged, and
there could be no reason why the goods
could not be received except that they
were lost in transit. That street address
was omitted is not important. We always
call for our goods.
On the other hand, the express com¬
pany make the claim that they were un¬
able to make the delivery because of
the failure of Mr. Bauer to give the
street number, but have furnished no
satisfactory evidence that the goods
were offered for delivery. To our mind
this is clearly a case of responsibility
of the carrier, and we recommend that
the shipper bring suit for the recovery
of his loss. j. j. D.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons— Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. P. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
EGGS FOR SALE-2gy,.?uc*,My'S<1;,»d
$4.00 per hundred. CHAS. 1. MILLER, R. P. L>.
No. 1. Hudson, N. Y.
f^sTuY.'i S. C, W. LEGHORN
Breeding Hens at low price to make room. Also
promising Cockerels cheap in quantities. Also K I.
Reds. Eggs for hatching. St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.J.
YOUNG'S STRAIN S. C. W. LEGHORNS
Prize-winning White Wyandottes.
STOCK AND EGGS FOR SALE
T. A. CLARK, Rifton, N. Y.
EGGS FOR HATCHING
stock guaranteed. H.
30 for $1.00. $3.00
■ ■him p0r ]00. Good
A. THATCHER, Perulack, Pa.
THE FARMER’S FOWL— Rose Comb Reds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
WHITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Thor-
oughbred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
of large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 12; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu¬
bator eggs. Cherry Hili. Farms, Pittstown, N. J.
Fine quality orp’.ngtons, black and white. Owens’
and Cook’s strains. $2 and $3 per sitting. $10
per 100. Rev. J. I). GRAHAM, Lyonsville. Mass.
DPI II I TRYMPM~Send 10 cents for our fine 60-
rUULI II I ITILIl page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
Buff, Wh. Leoliorns, Mottled Anconas, S. C. R.I.Red.
Eggs. 90c. per 16, $1.50 per 30, $2.75 per 60, $1 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties,
Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1 ; 40, $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
On EGOS Sl.oo — Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poiri-
L U try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
AllStill'S C- R- !• REDS— 200-egg strain. Eggs,
nUollll o $].5() per setting. Prices on quantities.
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor, N. H.
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, -:- Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa
Baby Chicks,
EGGS for Hatch¬
ing. Write for
prices. Address
To Hove Quicklr^£w JSS’lS
horns, S. L. and W. Wyandottes, R. and S. C.
Reds, W. and Barred Rocks. Write for just what
you want in your first letter and we will bo sure to
please you. MAPLE COVE POULTRY YARDS, Athens, Pa.
THE BEST S. C. REDS
• • » ARE • « •
DAVIS’ 200 EGG STRAIN
PAAA Utility . $1 per 13; $6 per 100
LUUv Special Matings ... $2 per 13; $10 per 100
- Prize Matings .... $5 per 13; Mammoth
Hot Water Incubator Baby Chicks .... $15 per 100
Book Orders Note Circular Free
DAVIS POULTRY 1GAKM, Berlin, Mass.
this ad.
“Hatching Facts” Free
Your address on a postal brings la¬
test edition of “Hatching Facts ” It
tells how to start right at least ex¬
pense; how Belle City won World’s
Championship last season. Write to¬
day, but if in a hurry order direct from
J. V. Rohan. Pres. Belle City Incubator Co.
•5S Buys Best
140-Egg Incubator
Double cases all over ;best copper
tank; nursery, self-regulating.
Best 140-chick hot-water brooder,
$4.85. Both ordered together,
$1 1.50. Freight prepaid (£. or
Rockies).
No machines
at afly price
are better. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for book today
or send price now and save time.
Celle City Incubator Company, Box 48 Raonef WucossD
125 Egg Incubator ^ j
and Brooder BVor©!
Ilf ordered together we send
’both for SIO. Freight
1 paid east of Rockies. Hot
water, copper tanks, double walls,
double glass doors. Free catalog
describes them. Send for it today.
Wisconsin Incubator Co.,
Box 1 13,
Racine, Wts. <r“
LIFE PRODUCERS
SUCCESSFUL INCUBATORS
LIFE PRESERVERS
SUCCESSFUL BROODERS
The only machines that rival the mothez
hen. Sold on a Direct-to-You Fac¬
tory Price. Get our Big FREE Incubator Book and save
40%. Send postal now. Booklet, “Proper Care and Feeding
oi small Chicks, Ducks and Turkeys" sent for 10c.
OES MOINES INCUBATOR CO., 90 Second Si.. Des Moines, la.
end Free Book
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen¬
dar for each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greider, Boh 58 . Rheems. P«
RICHLAND FARMS
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. YVHITK LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
Our Prices Hatchinn Eons— S. C. White Leghorns— One
setting, 15 eggs, $2; two settings, 30 eggs, $3.50;
three settings, 45 eggs, $4.75; one hundred eggs, $8;
one thousand eggs, $70. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C.
Black Orpingtons— One setting, 15 eggs, $2.50 and $5;
one hundred eggs, $14 and $28. Fertility Guaranteed.
Our Prices Baby Chicks— S. C. White Leghorns— Fifty or
less, each, 20 cents; one hundred, $15; one thousand,
$125. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C. Black Orpingtons—
Fifty or less, each, '30 cents; one hundred, $25, We
guarantee safe arrival of CHICKS in first-class
condition.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
Bonnie Brae White Leg¬
horns and Pekin Ducks
ARE BETTER
than ever.
Eggs from our
heavy laying
strains now-
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
Pure White PLYMOUTH ROCK EGGS
For hatching, bred directly from the Graves strain ;
acknowledged everywhere as the leading strain of
this popular; variety. No pains or expense has
been spared in obtaining and mating up some
grand birds.
Exhibition Mating;. .. .$4.00 per 15
Utility Mating . «.OG per 15
A few choice Cockerels for sale cheap. ■
MRS. C. S. GREENE,
New Brighton, Staten Island, New York
EMPIRE STATE S, C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios.
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 10U. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, Weedsport, N. V.
FARM BRED POULTRY-FREE RANGE
Partriflge Cochins, White Itocks, Barred
Rocks. Partridge Wyandottes. Prize win¬
ning strains. Stock and eggs.
MINCII BROS., It- a, Bridgeton, JT. .J.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS-Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds a specialty. Quality kind at
right prices. Famous Lakewood strain.
SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N J.
S. C, White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
yearlings and 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCREST
POULTRY FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
Eggs For Hatching-?;, „m. 5X2!
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock —
utility, show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A b reeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
S. O. W. LEGHORNS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y, HAVRE DE GRACE, Maryland.
CHICKS Baby CHICKS
S. C. WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS of Standard Quality.
We guarantee chicks to be hatched fiom eggs laid
by our own breeders and shipped only when day-old.
We Can Please You. We Will Please You.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator having a capa¬
city of 10,200 eggs.
Have Your Orders Booked. Circular Free.
SPRING WATER POULTRY FARM, Stockton, New Jersey.
Rp D I RCnC— BEST WINTER LAYERS.
■ Ui il« li nCUvJ Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15.
K. F. DEMAREST, Mt. View, Passaic Co., N. J.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 1 00 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. F. VAN ALSTYNE, Kiuderliook, N.Y.
191]
THE RURAL
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, March 25, 1911.
FARM TOPICS.
A Barn of Terra Cotta . 385, 386
A Dumper Corn Crop in Kentucky... 386
Co-operative Marketing, No. 1 . 386
Inheritance in Corn Ears . 387
Crass on Commercial Fertilizer Alone 387
Exterminating Wild Carrot . 388
Tomato Peelings for Fertilizer . 392
“Renovating Land” . 393
Some Alfalfa Questions . 393
An Experiment with Land . 393
Farming a Small Farm . 394
Potato Crowing in Michigan . 397
Wood Ashes and the Potato Scab.... 39S
Handling Seed Potatoes . 400
Hope Farm Notes . 402
The Canadian Wheat Crop...-. . 405
Vermont or Maryland . 405
Late Seeded Rye; Timothy in Spring. 413
Manuring Stubble. . . 421
Nitrate; Millet; Cow Peas . 421
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
That West Virginia Poultry Plant. . . . 399
How Creamery Promoters Work . 410
Still Another Horse Company . 411
State Milk Commission . 411
Cull Potatoes for Stock Feeding . 412
Hi me Pigs . 412
The Dairymen's League . 412
Chorea . 412
Horse Feeding Advice . 413
Expensive Ration . . . 413
Black Teeth in Pigs . 413
Horse With Tender Feet . 413
Scours . 413
Tetanus . 413
A Ration for Calves . 414
Improving the Ration . 414
Feeding for Yellow Milk..' . 414
Peavine Silage with Grain . 414
Hog Ration ; Fattening a Cow . 414
Homemade Brooder . 415
All Sides of the Chicken Business.... 415
Fried Oats . . 415
Nest Making . 415
A “Frost-Proof” Hen . 416
Clover Silage . 416
Dipping Eggs to Prevent White Diar¬
rhoea . 417
The Ilcnyard . 417
The “Coming Back" of Missy . 418
Rickets . 418
Molasses for Horse . 418
Heaves . . . 418
Lameness . 418
Milk . 420
The Foley Milk Bill . 420
Feeding Apple Pomace to Cow . 420
Clover Silage . 421
Sandy Roots and Cow's Teeth . 421
Lameness . 421
Storing Wet Grains . 421
HORTICULTURE.
Cherries for Northern New York . 388
Young Orchard on Rocky Ground.... 388
Barren Quince . 388
Sediment in Lime-Sulphur . 388
Methods of Setting Strawberries . 388
Lime for Sweet Peas and AsteKS . 388
Sawdust Mulch for Raspberries . 388
A Way to Beat the Cutworm . 389
Apple Culture in New York . 389
Strawberries in the Cold Country.... 390
Facts About Japan Plums . 390
Some Apples for Ohio . 390
Change the Bearing Habit . 390
Those Big Walnut Trees . 392
Ants in Mushroom Bed . 392
Substitute for Manure in Hotbeds. . . . 392
A Guarantee for Trees . 393
Who “Produced" Abundance Plum? 394
Fool Talk About Sulphur and Potash.. 395
Questions About Spraying . 395
Apples for Western New England.... 396
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario . 396
Orchard Fruits for Pennsylvania.... 397
Seedling Apple and Pear . 398
The Concentrated Lime-Sulphur Mix¬
ture . 400
A Nearly Year- A round Vegetable Gar¬
den . 401
An Arkansas Lawn . 401
Laying Out Home Grounds . 403
A Mulched Peach Orchard . 403
Hudson Valley Apple Growers . 405
Apple Trade With Germany . 405
Apples for Southwest Iowa . 405
Prizes for Orchards . 405
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 406
A Group of Young Gardeners . 406
More About Popovers . 406
Keeping Goose Grease . 407
Those Shoe Numbers . 407
To Keep Ham for Summer Use . 407
Liwn Furniture and City Boarders.. 407
Some Annuals for Cut Flowers . 408
The Rural Patterns . 408
Removing Stsiins . 408
Homemade Wneatlet . ; . 408
Achimenes and Primulas . 409
Puddings in Variety . 409
MISCELLANEOUS.
Home Canning Outfit . 389
House Drainage . 390
Non- Twisting Fence Post . 392
The King Drag . 395
Power of a Water Wheel . 395
Water Company and Wells . 395
Cook the Pork! Cook It Well! . 395
Destroying Willow . 395
Products, Prices and Trade . 390
A Well in Sandy Soil . 400
A Cheap Brown Paint . 400
Editorials . 404
Events of the Week . 405
Cement for a Barn Wall . 410
Figuring Cement and Sand . 411
Publisher’s Desk . 422
Lymphangitis.
I have a mare that got hurt in her
hind leg last Fall. It swelled up right up
under her body, but I got the soreness and
lameness out by applications of hot water.
It has left her with a large leg. What can
I do to reduce this? It does not affect her
trotting, but it spoils a sale. j. j. b.
Delaware.
The swelling cannot be wholly removed,
but improvement will follow if you allow
a large box stall in stable and band-
the leg from foot to hock each time
comes in from work or exercise. Do
allow her to stand for a single day
in the barn. a. s. a.
her
age
she
not
idle
Trembles,
along iu
well till
begin to
terribly,
what shall
F. E.
I have a horse that is getting
year,s and has always been very
within a short time. When I
use her she shakes and trembles
What is the cause of it and
I do for it?
Rhode Island.
We cannot give a confident opinion in
this case. If the symptoms came on sud¬
denly tetanus (lockjaw) would be a pos¬
sible cause. One might also suspect St.
Vitus’ dance ( chorea ), or forage poisoning.
Better have an examination made by an
expert. a. S. a.
Rickets.
I have a Fall pig that is weak in his
hind quarters ; seems to bo perfectly
healthy in other ways, eats well and seems
to take plenty of exercise, but does not
seem to have strength enough in his hind
quarters to hold himself up. I have given
him one teaspoonful castor oil, 10 grains
phosphate of lime, and four drops nux
vomica in feed twice a day for some time
but can see no material change for the
better. Now I am giving him a small
quantity of turpentine in feed. c. a. p.
Michigan.
teed the pig on milk, middlings and lime
water, and make it live an outdoor life so
tar as possible. Phosphate of lime in tea-
spoonful doses twice daily might do good,
soon as pig improves add cornmeal,
ran and ground, screened oats to the
As
ration.
A. S. A.
Alfalfa and Apples. — In our New Mex¬
ico irrigation district Alfalfa and apples
are leading crops. The Alfalfa goes largely
into Texas in bales of about 65 pounds
each. Small bales sell best, as it retails
largely to, draymen. It brings about .$10
per ton. We also harvest Alfalfa seed.
We have harvested as high as 800 pounds
of seed to the acre, but 250 pounds is a
fair , acreage. The straw is worth $7 to
$8 per ton baled. We have no rain at
harvest time, so that Alfalfa is perfectly
and easily cured. The long tap roots go
down into the soil and keep the plant
alive ; but to produce growth, you must
depend on the fertility and roots at surface.
We irrigate about three inches deep for
best results.
Here the Ben Davis is a good apple.
It goes under the name of Victoria. The
Arkansas Black is another good apple,
and black as mahogany. Other popular
apples with us are Grimes Golden, Mam¬
moth Black Twig, and Jonathan. The
best seller this year was Stark’s Delicious.
It is a Fall apple . with us, but so is
Jonathan and many of the Eastern and
Northern Winter varieties.. d
1 1S/L E
FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Mixtures of Potash, Phosphate Rock and Lime of
different proportions
LAND PLASTER,
PHOSPHATE ROCK,
AGRICULTURAL SALT, Etc.
ALL GUARANTEED
AGENTS WANTEL
Caledonia Chemical Co., Caledonia, N. Y.
R A R R A I M-NEW SPRAYING OUTFIT-A Niagara Gas
unilUnl II .Sprayer, 150 gallons, with new spe¬
cially built truck. For particulars write
W. J. SCHOONMAN, Danielson, Conn.
WE -SAVE YOU $5
On Your Incubator and Brooder
Before you pay any price to any¬
body, write us quick for our start¬
ling offer on highest quality ma¬
chines made. A real hatcher and
brooder at a price that makes this
the rbiggest genuine bargain of
the year. UKST RESULTS »nd BIOUEST
PROFITS for owner*. Wait till jou get oat
book and price before you buy. 'Addreia
Vhe^Jnite^actone^C^^lyjWXJDjCleveland^.
12
CYPHERS MODEL OUTDOOR COLONY BROODERS ii
good condition $9.00 each; cost $15.00.
F. B. DILTS, Flemington, N. J.
FDR SAI.E-6RADE GUERNSEYS P-g; T?:
EGGS
from high record W. P. Rock
Hens, $2 for 15, $5 for 45.
A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
PULLETS
;S. C. W. LEGHORNS — Booking orders
future delivery. Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds for prompt shipment. Limited
number choice breeders. Lakewood and Youngs
strains. J. L. ELLIOTT, Flemington, N. J
Orpingtons, it. ('. Huffs, S. C. White's Kgics for hatching 13
$1.50. Fertility guar't’il. Allen F. Smith. Griswoldville, Ms
for
Maaa.
"Bred to Lay, Sure to Pay”
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
WYCKOFFS STRAIN
TURKEY EGGS,
Eggs from vigorons ma¬
ture birds, result of seven
years breeding on the
uirtu r.nu c . _ ,360„ A. free range. LAKE-
VIEW FARM, Ebbs and Stock, R. F. 0. 2, Peekskill, N. Y.
M. B. Narra, and White
id o „ t>. r - Holland, $3.00 for 12. B.
P Rox, 8. C. Black Minorcas, S. C. R. I. Reds,
8ilver, Goluen and White Wyandottes, 8. C.
White Leghorns. All Eggs $1.00 for 17. Pekin
Duck Eggs, $1,00 for 13. Tool. Goose Eggs, $3.00
for 12. W . K . CARLE,
R. F. D. No. 1, Jaeobsburg, Ohio.
[HITE HOLLAND TURKEYS from prize
winners at bargain prices. White Wyandotte
eggs for hatching. H. W. Anderson, Stewartstown, Pa.
RIANT RRHN7F turkey eggs, $3.00 Per
UIHIll DnUliLL 10; Rose Comb R. I. Red
Eggs, $1.00 per 15: Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1.00
per 10. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
H. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
W'
EGGS
i Price List
-MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS,
Pearl Guineas, Indian Runner Ducks and
Barred Plymouth Ifocks. Write forFroe
_ C. ADELL KAYNER, West Falls, N. V.
BRONZE GOBBI FRS~No ,,ens for sale. if you
, t . n a choice breedingtom.
address L. B. Ouioley, Box 26G, Goshen, Branoe Co., N. Y,
DUFF . ORPINGTON,. DUCKH. twice won the Australian
if laying contests. Three years unbeaten show record.
List furnished. Dunrobin Farm. Chatham. New Jersey.
C — Prize -Winning Breeding
^ Stock-Black Orpingtons
and Minorcas. QUOQUETAUG FARMS, Old Mystic, Cotm.
NEW-YORKER
EASY MONEY
We want a responsible agent in t our com¬
munity to handle local sales for us, direct
from factory to home. This is an opportunity
for you to save yourself or friends the dealer’s
large profits on a High Grade Piano.
Straight from the maker to the home on
thirty days’ free trial. Send stamp at once
for Beautiful Illustrated Catalogue and
special agents’ proposition.
F. J. HAGGERTY CO.
Manufacturers — Distributers
High-Grade Pianos
WARREN, PENNSYLVANIA
423
■»
pi-KASE send a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
1 mission Mouse in New York. Est. 1838. Butter,
Eggs, Poultry, Pork, Calves, Hay, Grain. Beans,
Appies.etc. K. It. WOODWARD, 80U Oreennieli 81., N.Y.
JELUFFE, WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St„ New York,
Poultry, Eggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
Boston Produce Go.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St., - Boston.
JOHN C. QUICK CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 34 JAY STREET, NEW YORK
POULTRY FARM EGGSoUR SPECIALTY.
QUICK Returns Our Motto. Established 1855
HICKORY DALE FARM
Berkshires and Wyandottes. Berkshires are from
prize-winning stock; in pairs not related. Stock of
all ages. Columbian Silver Laced and Huston’s
White Wyandotte Eggs from selected stock, $2.00
for 15: $3.50 for 30. My stock pleases the buyers.
J. ALONZO HULSE, Wading Itiver, N. Y.
Rplawarp Fannc _ Now is the timeto-buy them.
UCiandlB rdllllS Gen. du Pont, President of
the du Pont Powder Co., presented Delaware with a
Macadam Road through entire state When completed
farms will be worth twice the money asked now. Send
for our catalogue, free. FOH I> A KKIS, Ine., Dept.
II., Wllmfncrl on, J>cl.
FOR SALF-^™,1 in, Freetown, New York, near
IU II UH LL. Cortland; 132 acres, well watered;
bne dairy farm with good buildings; adjoins the
, r:,V,V,a.rf.1,^ar,m’ Price’ *3,000 net. Address HARRY
D. IRAI-P, R. D. No. 17, Feekvillk, N. Y,
A 60 ACRE FARM FOR
no buildings, no stork. Apply to owner ’
MINT&ENK FARM, North Water Gap, Pa.
R. C. RHODE ISLAND REDS
Eggs from heavy laying utility birds, $1.00 per 15
BRUSH & SONS . Milton, Vt.
IRfl SALE CHEAP, ill fertile
IUU 1 Ul 1110 Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
HONE'S “BRED TO LAY” R. C. REDS and MAMMOTH
II BRONZE TURKEYS win at Schenectady, 1911, 1st and
3rd hen; 2nd and 3rd pnl lot ; 2nd and 3rd cock¬
erel; 1st Bronze Tom, and 3rd pullet. A prize for
every bird exhibited. Eggs from choice matings
at reasonable prices. Satisfaction guaranteed. I). U.
HONE, Crescent llill Farm, Sharon Springs, N. Y.
WANTFO 9n Poultry Fanil, single man who un¬
it nn i i_u derstands general farm work: no rnm.
State wages expected by year and inclose references
m first letter. G. W. HULL, Guilford, Conn.
EGGS FOR HATCHING
from good vigorons S. C. W. Leghorns that have
given me not less than 33ln per cent, egg yield
since Dec. 1. $1 per 15, $3 per 50, $5 per 100.
B. B. CHASE, Wyoming, Del.
FARMQ F9r SME— Have large list of good dairy
.properties, Write for list.
OGDEN S AGENCY, Walton, Delaware Co., N. Y.
FOR SALEaTO SETTLE AN ESTATE
300 acre farm in town of Springfield, Vt., l'-j miles
v station, at Bartonsville, two story
stone house, 5 hams, sugar and apple on-hards,
plenty wood and lnm her. Price $.1,800. Address
F. C. ADAMS, Chester Depot, Vt.
Eloveaa. First Frizes
At leading Poultry Shows, Indian Runner Ducks and
ltoueu Ducks. Madison Square Garden Winners our Rose-
comb Black Minorcas won Silver Cup at Paterson, and
Barred Plymouth Rocks. All eggs *2.00 per 15, $::.50 pei-30.
Pci' 100. Also pure bred Angora Goats and Collie Dogs,
$10 and up. CLARK FARIVI, BOONTON, N. J.
VIRGINIA FARIVI FOR SALE
\ ory fertile farm of 150 acres. New seven room
house. Barns and out buildings in good repair.
Orchard of 100 full bearing apple trees. Only one
mile trom ehnrches and school. Many other farms
m beautiful Fauquier County for sale. Write for
prices and descriptions. Address
HARRY M. HP FiBELL, Warrentown, Virginia.
PfifJQ Guaranteed fertile; from range - grown
u.D, r nour’i.o.'M Plofits at the egg basket
MAPLE COVE POULTRY FARM . . R, D. 24, Athens, Pa.
UTILITY RRFFn^-^Ioun tain air> open-front
• t>i , , L U 0 honse stock eggs for hatch-
«?,?• Black Orpington or R. I. Reds, *2 DO per 15
White Wyandottes or B.P, Rocks, Si. 00 per 15 R I
P.Qj ! _ Cock ere Is , Angora Goats and Kids for sale.
SH0H0LA FRUIT AND POULTRY FARM . . Sliohola, Pa.
GENTLEMAN’S FARM, STOCK AND TOOLS
1' OR SALE — Eighty-tliree acres, fourteen room
honse, basement barn, 30x42, twenty cow stalls
wagon house, 30x42, com house, hen house, fifteen
cows and heifer, two horses, hinder, mower, sulky
plow, cultivator, rake, two seated carriage, sleighs,
sleds, gasolene engine, saw, ensilage cutter, twenty
tons of hay, 400 bushels of oats, ten tons of straw.
Everything ready. Milk bringing nearly $100 a
mouth Allfor $6,300, part cash. HALL'S FARM
\A/RIGHT'S WHITE WYANDOnE WINNERS— Eggs, $4.00
" for 100. Baby Chix, $12.50 for 100; $7 00 for 50
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
EGGS— $1 pci- 15, $2 per -lo of Tlior. Brahmas. Rocks, Wyan-
iloties, Red", Minorcas, Hnndana, Leghorns, Hamburg"; lfl v»r
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Cooperating, Pa.
AGEiSLY, Owego, Tioga County, New York.
BURR’S WHITE WYANDOTTES
By 12 years’ breeding and careful selection have developed
winning quality and great egg production. Farm raised,
free range. Eggs, $5.00 per hundred ; $1 per setting 85*
fertility. WILLIAM O. BURR. Fairfield. Conn.
FflR ^Al F-|MPR0VED ENGLISH YORKSHIRE SWINE.
1 Ull OnLL Young bred sous and young boars
ready for service, also young pigs. Address
C. H. FARNHAM, Drocton, New York.
Pfllli TRY-35 Breeds. Bred for Laying.
1 UULI 11 1 Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. FlEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
C 0 IA I LEGHORN EGGS for hatching. Good laying
Oi UiVfi strain, *1 per 15, $5 per 100. Also Baby
•Chicks. GEO. LUNDGREEN, Wyoming, Del.
India Runner Ducks, S. C. White Leghorns
Eggs for Hatching. Send for Circular.
F. J. FULLER, Waterport, Orleans County, New York
R. C. Black Minorca Cockerels and Eggs.
Prices right. ALBERT PUTNAM, Sprakers, N. Y.
T) C. B. MINORCAS; great layers; eggs, $1.00
1V‘ for 15. GEO. BOWDI8H, Esperauce, N. Y.
BUFF WYANDOTTES_®Ltting of
15. LAWRENCE ES8ELSTYN, Claverack, N. Y.
FfiCQ FROM WINNERS— Anconas, $1.50 per 15; Wyc-
LUUO koff’s White Leghorns. $1.00 per 15. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed. OAKDALE FARM, R-2, Chester, N. J.
Thirty Years Breeder
and Dealer Purebred Poultry.
R. T. PAXTKItSON, Newtown, Conn.
WILD AND BRONZE TDRKEY EGGS-Chicken E0«s. Hand-
** — ■ - some Catalog 2 ct.
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville, Pa.
For BIGGER crops and BETTER use
Shipped in 100-lb. bags, handy to handle, in powder form ready for use. No
waste in slaking and screening — every bit available for distribution by hand or
spreader. Delivered in carloads of 20 tons to New Enghuid points for $8.00 to $9.00
per ton, price varying witli freight rates, or write to us for name of nearest dealer from
whom you can buy any amount.
Lime feeds run-down land. Lime sweetens land soured by fertilizers. Lime
shakes up clogged soil and holds together soil that is too loose. The cost is only a
fraction of the extra profit you will get by using it.
Our free booklet, “Liming the Land,” tells about the when, where and liow of liming.
ROCKLAND-ROCKPORT LIME CO.
Boston, 34 Milk St. Rockland, Me. New York, Fifth Ave. Bldg.
The harder you work the Louden nay Carrier and the
heavier you load it, the better it shows up. You can’t
break it down— years of hard service won’t send the
LOUDEN HAY CARRIER
to the repair shop. It lasts a lifetime. Itslockhas a
square catch and cannot possibly wedge or fail to work.
The powerful wheel arms will never spread. All twist
and kink are let out of tho rope by oar simple patented
ropcBwivel, the only successful swivel on the market. Won’t bind
on the track, has adjustable stops.
The Louden Balance Grapple Fork is the best fork ever built. Will
handle dry clover, alfalfa or thrashed straw where all others fail.
The Louden Hay Carrier and Louden Grapple Fork will work
in any barn and handle all kinds of bay with more satisfaction
than any others. See them at your dealer’s— If he does not have
them, write us.
Send for catalog of complete barn and cow stable fixtures-
Hay Carriers, Door Hangers, Lifter and Feed Carriers. Cot
Stalls, Cow Stanchions etc.— also our FREE BOOK on the
value of manure and how to care for it.
LOUDEN MACHINERY CO.,
601 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa.
424
THE RURAI. NEW -YORKER
March 25, 1910.
Use This Gasoline Engine
FOR TEN DAYS
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Let us send you a genuine Schmidt’s Chilled Cylinder Gasoline Engine
on an absolutely free ten day’s trial. Let this power helper come to your
farm and help you with your hard work for ten days, positively and ab¬
solutely free, just as we say. What a chance to finish up the hardest kind of work
you can find — the farm drudgery you’ve been putting off so long — clean it all up in ten
days; and every hour’s work done at our expense on this absolutely FREE trial offer!
Yes, we will send this Schmidt Chilled Put the engine to the hardest work you
Cylinder Gasoline Engine for you to use can find for ten days, on this absolutely free
on your own farm absolutely free for ten trial offer. Then at the end of ten days
days. Use it just as though it were your very -f can find the slighest objection to it,
own. Use it for any kind ot work you want J . , ” . , .
done— let it saw up your winter's wood, let it or if you decide you can get along without
pump your water, let it grind your feed* it, send it back at our expense •
Keep Your Money in Your Pocket
You don’t need to send us a cent! When we say FREE we mean FREE! This is a fair, square
and stupendous liberal FREE offer in every sense. We want to prove it to you at our expense.
We know that many so-called free offers have
‘ - We
been made that are not what they seem,
know that some dealers ask for
deposits or agreements and all
kinds of promises before you ever
see the engine. What then ? If
you want to send the engine back
to those dealers there is so much
red tape necessary to get back
that deposit or to be released from
the agreement, that the whole
affair is an aggravating waste of (
time and money — more trouble 1
than it is worth.
But here is our offer: We send Vi!! - - %*uyi
you the engine itself for your v
immediate use. You have the "
engine. We don’t ask a cent
from you. We don’t ask you for
a deposit. There is no C. O. D. tous and no agreements to sign, and no security. We simply want you to try
the engine on its merits and if it doesn't make good on every claim for it, send it back to us at our expense.
Nothing could be fairer or plainer than this. We bike all the risk. You have possession of the engine and the absolutely free use of
it for ten days without a cent of deposit, no C. O. I), of any kind to us or even a statement whether you intend to keep it or not. You
are entirely free to decide as you like. This is indeed a wonderful offer, but we know that the Schmidt Chilled Cylinder Gasoline
Engine is a wonderful machine, and we want you to prove it by au actual free trial on your own work.
Schmidt’s Chilled Cylinder Engine
iniv
Talks For Itself
That is the reason we can
make this stupendous offer!
We know that the engine
itself will show you what it can do better than volumes of what we could say about it. The engine
itself tells the story. Every turn of its perfect running mechanism means work done — done easily
and quickly and done better and cheaper, too, than by any other help you ever had.
This engine is the lighest three-horsepower engine on the market. It is stripped of all dead weight and all
useless metal. The chilled cylinder with process deep-cut flanges is the most powerful and at the same time the
lightest cylinder ever put in a gasoline engine. It can be moved about and set to work wherever you want, and
you know that it will do the work every time. With one of these engines you can run pump, separator, churn,
washing machine, mang'le'and corn sheller, or any farm machinery; and run them all at the same time, this
will show you what a wonderful time saver this engine is. Can’t “kick back.” This is the only farm engine
with a spark retarder. A woman or child can start it; because our spark retarder makes it start easy and true
every time. It simply can’t “kick back.’’ Remember this important point. Send to the engine works your¬
self. Send direct. Save all dealers’ and agents’ profits by sending for the engine yourself. Fill out the free
coupon today and mail it to us or send a letter or a postal card— just your name and address. Write today.
• I
E
Easy Payments
If this absolutely free ten day’s trial proves to you, as it already has
.roved to thousands of others, that the Schmidt Chilled Cylinder Gaso-
_ine Engine does the work of two good men on your farm, we can arrange the terms
so that the engine actually makes its own payments as you save the cost of labor
by its use. Just figure it out for yourself. Every month’s work done by the
Schmidt Chilled Cylinder Gasoline Engine will more than pay the wages of two good
men on your farm, to say nothing of their keep! The engine itself takes care of
the easy payments. Send the free trial coupon and solve your labor problem now.
FREE COUPON— SEND TODAY
Schmidt Bros. Co. Engine Works, Dept. 3583, Davenport, Iowa
Gentlemen:— Without any obligation on me you may send me free and
prepaid, catalog and all particulars of your new free offer on Schmidt’s
Chilled Cylinder Gasoline Engine, also particulars about power plant equip¬
ment for farm, shop or dairy.
Name .
Address..
G R
Five Years Guarantee
We give you a five years’ absolute guarantee on Schmidt’s Chilled
Cylinder Gasoline Engine. This guarantee is on the whole engine and
it also guarantees every part of the engine for five full years. If at any time
within five years from date of sale, any part of the engine should prove defective
in design, material, construction or workmanship, it will be replaced without cost
direct from the engine works to you. This is the kind of guarantee that absolutely
protects — you don’t have to bother with a dealer or an agent. Just write to the
engine works yourself and get what you want.
Free Coupon- Mail It
Don’t wait another day. Fill out this coupon and mail it now. Learn how you
can cut down your expense for labor to the lowest figure — how all the heavy, hard
drudgery of the farm can be done for you by this wonderful power helper.
Remember, this coupon is merely a request for full particulars of this great free
offer, an offer giving you an absolutely free trial of this splendid machine for ten
full days. Fill it out and send now.
Schmidt Bros. Co. Engine Works
Dept. 3583 . DAVENPORT, IOWA.
V-
Vol. LXX. No. 4092.
NEW YORK, APRIL 1, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
STEAM STERILIZING TOBACCO SEED BEDS
Suitable for Other Plant Growing.
HISTORY OF WRITER’S EXPERIMENTS.— In
1906 the writer’s attention was called to a series of
tobacco seed beds, where the plants were affected by
some serious trouble, by the owner, James Harvey, of
Hockanum, Conn. The writer found on investigation
that the trouble was due to a root disease, which was
identified by Mrs. Flora Patterson of the Bureau of
Plant Industry of the United States Department of
Agriculture as Thielovia bosicolo, or tobacco root-rot.
The young plants attacked by this disease turned yel¬
low, and the larger plants, in addition to having yel¬
low or mottled appearing leaves, wilted when the beds
became slightly dry, and where not supported by
neighboring plants, fell over on the soil. When the
plants were pulled up for examination, it was found
that most if not all the roots were rotted off, and when
the roots were examined, were found to be black in
appearance, in many cases the small roots being en¬
tirely rotted away, leav¬
ing only blackened
stumps at the base of the
plants. In the diseased
beds, the living roots
were found to be rotted
at the ends, black in ap¬
pearance, and the affect¬
ed plants had a stunted
or dwarfed appearance.
Plants from the dis¬
eased beds, set in the
regular fields, grew
slowly, and if conditions
were favorable developed
into imperfect poor
plants. The leaves cured
from these diseased
plants produced a poor
inferior grade of cigar
wrappers or binders,
without necessary elas¬
ticity or strength.
In 1906 and the fol¬
lowing season, the
writer began an extensive
set of experiments with
different methods of ster¬
ilizing the seed beds in
order to prevent the dam¬
age from the root-rot.
Formalin, tobacco bed
burners, steam and other methods were tried in several
places, but mainly at the Indian Head Plantation at
Granby, Conn. In these experiments the writer
found that it was possible to kill the fungus with
formalin, but its use was not satisfactory from sev¬
eral standpoints. The tobacco bed burners, in which
the soil was heaped in a large pan, and heated by a
fire underneath, were dangerous, as where the soil
was overheated the productive capacity of the soil
was injured seriously from several apparent causes.
Where the soils were burned by piling wood or other
material on the surface and maintaining a slow fire,
the physical condition of the soil was injured, and
this method was abandoned as unsatisfactory.
The writer in the course of some asparagus breed¬
ing work at Concord, Mass., learned of a steam ster¬
ilizer used by some of the growers of vegetables and
flowers under glass, and through the Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment Station at New Haven, se¬
cured two of them. Their use in tobacco beds was
unsatisfactory in the trials made, because it was found
impossible to bring the soil up to the desired tem¬
perature with the steam generators at hand. In work¬
ing with the sterilizers, however, the writer found
that by covering the apparatus in the soil with
heavy cloths more effective steaming could be done.
This plan gave birth to the idea of using a solid pan
for confining the steam, preparing the soil of the bed
ready for steaming, then setting the pan over this
loosened soil and forcing the steam into the soil under
pressure. I made an experimental pan of this sort,
and prepared a section of a seed bed for its trial. A
small upright engine was used to supply steam, and
the soil temperatures determined at different depths
with standardized thermometers.
Even with the small engine available for the trial
it was found possible to heat the loosened soil under
the pan rapidly and up to 185° F. and higher, holding
the soil temperature at this point as long as desired.
Several sections of seed beds were treated at different
temperatures and at different periods of time.
It was found that when the pan was removed from
the soil the soil was left in perfect condition for seed¬
ing, and the warm moist soil was in ideal shape for
sowing seed. The soil was not wet, but just moist
enough for sowing. The seed was sown and lightly
raked in. It was found that the steaming had not
only killed the fungus, but had also killed all weed
seeds, other fungus diseases such as the “damping off”
fungus, and left the soil so that it was much easier
to water and keep in condition than unsteamed soils.
Extensive practical trials of this apparatus, which
has been called the Shamel steam sterilizer, were
made by the writer at Suffield, Hockanum, Conn.,
and other points, with perfect success in every trial.
Later these results were confirmed by others in other
sections in experimental trials and practical use.
There is no doubt of the value and importance of the
use of this method for sterilizing diseased or healthy
tobacco bed soils, or other soils where seedlings are
raised as in the case of tobacco.
DESCRIPTION OF PAN.— The Shamel steam
sterilizer pan is made of galvanized steel or galvanized
iron, of such size as to fit the seed beds to be steril¬
ized. The original sterilizers were made six feet wide
by 10 feet long, and six inches deep. The edges of
the pan were supported by angle iron so as to pro¬
tect them, and in the middle of the bottom of the pan
r. one-inch iron tube was soldered to the pan so as to
attach onto the steam hose at one end and admit the
steam into the pan at the other end when it was set
in place ready for work. A steam hose 50 feet long
was used to convey the steam from the engine or
generator to the pan, and to admit of moving the pan
the length of a 100-foot bed, without moving the en¬
gine or steam generator. This pan and steam hose
were bought at a price of less than $50 per outfit, and
two sets have been in yearly use for four years with¬
out apparent serious depreciation in value. With pro¬
per cafe they ought to last many years more.
SOLRCE OF STEAM. — The first trials of this
method were conducted with a small upright steam
engine of about three horse-power as steam generator.
In later trials similar engines, to be found in every
neighborhood, have been
used with success. It is
necessary when steriliz¬
ing soils to have enough
fuel on hand, and desir¬
able to have one man de¬
vote most of his time to
keeping up a hot con¬
tinuous fire. Wood is a
very satisfactory fuel,
although oil and coal
have both been used.
PROPER TIME FOR
STERILIZING. — The
time to sterilize the seed
beds depends on several
conditions, but on the
whole the ideal time is
just before the seed is
ready to be sown. When
a' neighborhood uses an
apparatus in common
(a method to be recom¬
mended), it may some¬
times be necessary to
sterilize some time be¬
fore the beds are ready
for sowing. The seed
can be sown as soon as
the beds are sterilised
with beneficial results.
STERILIZING THE
SOIL. — The beds should be fertilized and prepared
ready for sowing. The better the tilth of the soil the
more efficient the sterilizing. Set the pan in the pre¬
pared bed, turn in the steam, and if any escapes about
the pan heap up a little loose soil about the edges of
the pan so as to confine all of the steam in the pan.
The best results in the writer’s experiments were se¬
cured by supplying a full head of steam, or as nearly
a full head as possible, maintaining a' pressure in the
boiler of from 50 to 75 pounds of steam, and con¬
tinuing this process for one hour. The length of time
necessary to apply the steam will vary with the con¬
dition of the soil, outside temperature and other
causes. One-half hour in many cases gave good re¬
sults, but as a rule one hour was preferable. When
the steaming of one section is finished the fireman
and one other man can move the pan to the next sec¬
tion, and so on until the bed is finished, when it
should be sown with the seed. If desirable it would
be interesting for the grower to use different lengths
of time in different sections of the beds, and note the
THE SHAMEL STEAM STERILIZER AS USED IN . PLANT BEDS. Fig. 140.
4^6
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 1,
results, thus establishing the proper time for his own
soil and conditions. A standardized thermometer will
also add to the interest of the work. The thermometer
can be introduced into the soil under the pan, at the
end of the pan, by digging a temporary small pit.
SOWING THE SEED.— The writer found that by
separating the tobacco seed, using only the heavy seed,
it was necessary to use less than ordinarily used, and
to sow it more accurately in order to prevent too
thick a stand of plants. The advantage of the use of
heavy seed has been set forth so many times by the
writer since his invention of a practical tobacco or
other small seed separator, and its practical value
proved so many times, that it is not necessary to re-
pcate the matter here.
ADVANTAGES OF STEAM STERILIZATION.—
1. The weed seeds are killed, thus tfoing away en¬
tirely and absolutely with the laborious, painful and
expensive weeding of beds. It would pay to steam
sf'ed bed soils for this purpose alone in the opinion of
the writer.
2. It destroys the root rot and other fungus diseases,
a matter of increasing importance in all of the older
t bacco growing regions.
3. It improves the tilth and condition of the soil,
requiring less water for watering the soil,, and
obviates largely the danger from over watering.
4. The steam sterilized soils produce better plants
than soils not steam sterilized. This result was noted
from the first by the writer, but the cause has just re¬
cently been explained by the director of the Rotham-
sted Experiment Station, England. In an article on
the subject of steam sterilization the director recently
recites an extensive set of experiments at his stations,
where it was found that the steaming process de¬
stroyed certain organisms in soils that prevent the de¬
velopment of plant food in soils, and provides more
favorable conditions for the development of the plant
food, to the end that plants on steam sterilized soils
grow more vigorously than on soils not steamed.
5. The better plants in the seed beds grown in
steamed soils produce better plants in the field, as
shown by several practical field demonstrations ob¬
served by the writer. The healthy seedlings are more
able to resist disease in the field, utilize the plant food
in the soil, and develop into normal, healthy plants.
The writer feels that no community of tobacco grow¬
ers can afford to neglect trying this method of treating
seed beds. It can doubtless be used for other soils
used for growing young seedlings, e. g., cabbage, toma¬
toes, or greenhouse soils for growing flowers, vege¬
tables, etc., with equally beneficial results.
A. D. SHAMEL.
PEDIGREE TREES OR BUD SELECTION.
I was much interested in the article by W. J. Wright,
of Pennsylvania State College, page 165, on this sub¬
ject. Although I agree in the main with the writer, I
think he failed to give due credit to the fact that
cither through environment or originally through bud
variation, and I have little faith except in the last, a
strain of Baldwin or other variety may be developed
by a careful grower really superior to the variety as
generally put on the market. I grow a fine type of
Williams Red, and all my trees trace back to one
original tree, which always bears very red fruit. In
the Boston market a few years since I saw some fine
Somerset apples, and wrote the shipper in Maine for
scions. He was not the grower, but I received later
scions through his aid. They bore last season, but
proved to be Williams, and although under conditions
of similar growth of quite a different type from mine,
being more striped and somewhat later in ripening.
Of course one swallow does not make a Summer; I
shall watch that tree for a few seasons with interest.
I have had on my own trees a number of instances of
bud variations, in some cases producing practically a
different variety of apple, and I have a number of
ihose sports grafted or budded and now bearing fruit.
I see no reason why a sport might not as easillv im¬
prove a variety, and if used for propagating purposes
improve the strain of that variety as far as used. That
some superior trees have been produced that way I
have no doubt, yet in the general orchard, location,
care and feeding are the chief factors in variations in
fruits. Although I got bitten with the top-budding
fad, which had a run a few years since, I feel I have
really learned something from my experience, al¬
though I now have a couple of hundred or so to
graft which I failed to find time to bud. One thing I
have never seen mentioned is that from my experi¬
ence I feel that more really first-class fruit can be
produced on fillers by growing both an early and
late variety on the same tree. Of course I do not
recommend this for the commercial orchard or large
trees, but only for those who thin and wish to grow
high-priced fruit in a limited way, and I am not ready
to say that more fruit can be grown, but I have grown
some fine fruit that way in a limited amount.
Worcester Co., Mass. h. o. mead.
HAIRY VETCH IN A PEACH ORCHARD.
I have had experience with Hairy vetch for a mulch
and fertilizer in a peach orchard. Five years ago last
Fall I sowed my peach orchard to vetch, intending to
plow it under the following Summer, but for some
reason did not plow it under. The whole orchard was
one solid mass of purple bloom, the stalks were three
and four feet long, and the whole crop went to seed.
The following Spring I plowed it under, and I kept
the orchard well worked until the limbs were bending
to the ground with fruit. After 1 quit cultivating
and harrowed it down smooth the vetch came in
thick and got a good start for the Winter, and the
following May the vetch was up a foot or more high,
which I plowed under again, and I followed that up
for four different Summers. Although it did not come
in last Fall quite as thick as before, there will be a lot
to turn under again. I intend to sow it over next
Fall and let the first crop go to seed, and that will
self-seed for four years more. I think there is nothing
to equal vetch for a mulch, and also it makes a good
fertilizer. D. L. reed.
Mason Co., Mich.
A HORSE DEAL IN CONNECTICUT.
Mr. Morse’s article on page 89 brings to mind the
locally famous “Knowl Reward” case • which for the
last 10 years has attracted much attention from horse¬
men and lawyers. Ten or 12 years ago a very smooth
and optimistic talking gentleman arrived in Norwich,
Conn., as the agent of a man in New York State
who made a business of selling horses to joint stock
companies. This genial promoter set at work with
wining and dining and arts designing to form the
Knowl Reward Stock Company, which was to consist
of 27 shares of $100 each, to be paid either in cash
or in three joint and several notes, maturing in one,
A WHITE FACED BEEF-MAKEK. Fit;. HI.
two and three years respectively. Good profits could
be figured, and the scheme met with favor among the
horsemen of Norwich and vicinity, and it looked like
an easy trick to turn, but, as luck would have it, the
gay promoter did not build his woodpile quite big
enough to conceal all the clever darkies that he
wished to hide in it. One off-color proposition that
made trouble arose from the fact that he secured
several signatures to his notes and contracts by agree¬
ment with the different parties that each should have
the opportunity of boarding and caring for the horse
at a profitable figure. The date was fixed for form¬
ing the joint stock company, and the affair was to
take place in the “swellest” hotel in the city, with
banquet, champagne, etc., galore. Unfortunately for
best-laid plans, the several parties who had been
promised* the opportunity of keeping the horse were
allowed a chance for conference and found that mak¬
ing a joint stock horse was a different proposition
from forming a joint stock horse company. The cry
of treachery went up, and a lively quarrel was in
progress. The champagne was not spilled. The com¬
pany was not formed. The genial promoter had got
in his work, however. He had sold some shares for
cash, and had secured good signatures to his notes.
He had taken some padders and fillers, but several of
the men whose names appeared were financially re¬
sponsible. The local banks refused to negotiate the
notes, however, and they were disposed of to a busi¬
ness man in a neighboring city. Knowl Reward in
the meantime was in the care of a local liveryman
and was disposed of as far as the promoter was con¬
cerned, but was not yet the property of the Knowl
Reward Stock Company because the company was
never organized. A horse without an owner has as
few friends as a man without a country, and while no
one knew but what Knowl Reward was one of the best
stock horses in the country he was sold at auction
in the public square to pay his board bill. Although
big fish are desirable to catch they are harder to hold,
and when the holder of the notes attempted to collect
his money he was met by a stubborn defense at law.
For year legal battle has waged, and the end is not
yet. j. g.
Norwich, Conn.
DISHORNING OLD APPLE TREES.
Not long since I saw a question in The R. N.-Y.
as to the practicability of cutting off large limbs' from
old trees for the purpose of getting them down within
“spraying reach.” Some 15 to 18 years ago we had a
Baldwin orchard which had reached from 40 to 50
feet in height. I once showed Prof. Roberts this or¬
chard and asked him what to do with these mammoth
trees. His advice was to cut them down and plant a
new orchard. It was almost impossible to spray them
thoroughly, and the apples cost for picking almost as
much as they were worth. I decided to cut the tops
back, but I was told that to cut off these large limbs,
many from six to 10 inches in diameter, would cause
them to sun-scald and kill the trees. However, I de¬
cided to take the risk and make a thorough job. I
cut them down to about 20 feet ; as said before, many
limbs cut off were as large as good-sized trees. We
did this in early Spring and painted all cuts with a
thick paint of “iron ore paint” and raw linseed oil,
making it as stiff as it could be put on. The trees
threw out a new growth all along the limbs. These I
had properly thinned the following Spring, leaving
only such as were wanted to form a new top. These
trees acted just like grafted trees, and the third
year put on a fine crop of apples, and it has produced
well ever since. I was talking with the man now on
the farm only a short time since and asked him how
those old' trees were now doing. He said that they
had a fine crop of splendid apples the past Summer.
When these trees were first cut back they were the
laughing stock of all our neighbors, and I must admit
a sorry sight, and I have always been sorry I did not
have them phofographed. Since then I have never
hesitated to cut back apple orchards so as to keep
them down within easy reach with spraying machinery.
j. s. WOODWARD.
AN EXPERIENCE WITH LIME.
On page 163 I read with much interest the articles
on lime, closing with a request for personal experi¬
ence of farmers who have been using the different
forms of lime. 1 have been using lime for several
years, burned lime exclusively, but in three different
forms, viz., chunk lime spread with shovel after
being slaked with water, hydrated and ground lime
burned but not slaked. The latter kinds were drilled
on wheat or rye land a few days before sowing the
grain, and although the lime spread with shovel
brought good returns for the investment (40 to 50
bushels per acre unslaked were used), I have had
quicker and just as good results from as little as
500 pounds per acre hydrated lime put on with grain
drill. The greatest object lesson 1 have ever nad
was this last season, and came about as one o7 my
experiments. In the Spring of 1908 I started to
plow an old clay and gravel field for buckwheat. A
back furrow was started in middle of field, plowed
V/t acre, and finding the ground so hard and dry
that it was impossible to do good work, we decided
to wait for rain, but the rain did not come, so the
ll/2 acre was put in condition and sowed to buck¬
wheat, which was almost an entire failure on ac¬
count of drought. After the crop was removed I
found the ground nice and mellow for that kind of
land. The land was spring-toothed each way, then
300 pounds hydrated lime was drilled the opposite
way from which the rye was to be sown ; 250
pounds 1-9-3 fertilizer per acre, but when I only
had about two more rounds with the drill to finish I
ran out of fertilizer. 1 had more at the barn, but
as there were several more sacks of the lime in the
wagon I concluded to experiment, as usual. I set
the drill for 300 pounds lime and finished the little
field, 250 pounds fertilizer, 300 pounds lime per acre,
except two rounds of drill, which had 600 pounds
lime and no fertilizer. Timothy was sown in Fall
with grain, clover in Spring. Rye was harvested in
1909; could see little if any difference in rye, but
when the clover came on last Summer I had the
benefit of my experiment, for just where the fertilizer
ran out the clover ceased to grow, the clover fol¬
lowing out the individual tubes of the drill that
contained the most fertilizer. The clover was fine,
lodged in places, would have cut two large loads
of fine clover hay, but having enough elsewhere the
Guernseys made the hay for us, but as they did not
have access to it until July they trampled nearly as
much down as they ate, and left a fine mulch on the
ground favorable for the second crop, which went
in Winter quarters looking fine. As this field had
been frequently fertilized and seeded to clover with¬
out results it proved to my entire satisfaction that
lime without fertility or fertility without lime is not
a balanced ration for clover. w. a. b.
Columbia Co., Pa.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
42 7
CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING.
No. 2.
Co-operation will overcome the difficulties with
which the grower has to contend, just in proportion
to the willingness of the members to stand by their
association and the strength which it attains. The
greatest difficulty which is found in effective co-opera¬
tion is the education of its members to realization of
the magnitude of the difficulties which are to be re¬
moved, and to get their loyal and strong support.
What is needed in order to clean up the crooked com¬
mission business is a strong central organization.
Dealers are already co-operating for the purpose of
aiding their members in getting proper treatment from
receivers and railroads. In the first place it must be
admitted, that before demanding a square deal from
others, we must first give the square deal
ourselves, and that means the growing
of such products as the consumer desires,
honestly packing them, and never in any
way using deception as to quantity, qual¬
ity or condition. Here is where the local
co-operative association will render great
service. It is not possible for a single
individual, unless doing business on a
very large scale, to establish a reputation
on large markets, but it is readily accom¬
plished by a number of producers work¬
ing together. The common packing¬
house to which the products are deliv¬
ered direct from the field is indispen¬
sable if a standard of excellence is to be
attained; for here crops out one of the
worst of human weaknesses. Few are
so impartial that they are capable, no
matter how honest, of properly assorting,
and giving the benefit of all doubts to
the higher quality. In the packing-house
grades are established to which all must
conform, and everyone gets that to
which his product is entitled. Here is
developed the spirit of friendly rivalry ;
if a producer finds others have products
which pack up better, giving a higher
percentage of fancy grade, he immediate¬
ly tries to bring up the standard of his
own productions.
When the goods are packed uniform¬
ly and stamped with the guarantee of the
association that they are alike through¬
out the package, a reputation is soon
established, which is a great asset, and
will constantly grow more valuable if
the high standard is maintained. At the
packing-house several kinds of produce
may be put in a car and shipped direct
to the jobber, in the smaller towns, there¬
by realizing better prices and delivering
the goods in a better and fresher con¬
dition than when reshipped from larger
centers. Again, many producers, if
working independently, do not have
enough to make full cars, and therefore
have to pay higher freight and get poorer
service. While the individual members
may not learn what the consumer de¬
sires, the officers of the association, if
they are alert, will spare no effort to
learn what will best suit the consumer,
and endeavor to get such products
grown and delivered to them satisfac¬
torily.
As shown by the instances where peo¬
ple could not get good New York State
apples, at Rochester, right in the heart
of the apple district, the home or nearby
demands were overlooked in the eager¬
ness of the grower and shipper to get
their product to the larger markets.
Very often shipments are sent through
towns which could use the goods much
better than the large markets to which they are con¬
signed and would gladly pay much better prices. A
co-operative association can examine the market con¬
ditions closely and take advantage of them. A friend
of the writer who had several cars of potatoes to
market, went to a small town in Pennsylvania a year
ago, and found he could sell his potatoes at 60 cents
per bushel. He had them shipped on and disposed of
his crop, so he netted about 50 cents after paying
freight; he tried to get others to let him sell theirs, but
they would not, and afterwards took 20 cents. At the
time he sold his own crop he could have got 35
cents at home. Co-operation here might have disposed
of many cars to good advantage. It hardly seems
necessary to go more at length into the benefits that
may be derived from co-operative marketing, but con¬
sider the question of what will be required in organiz¬
ing, and the difficulties which must be overcome, and
here again we come to the human aspect involved in
our undertaking.
It is said that it takes all kinds to make a world, but
it does not require all kinds to make a successful co¬
operative association. If a few kinds could only be
removed to a good distance such institutions would
thrive much better. The first thing required is good
leadership, and if several who will work unselfishly,
will work together, it will be much easier. Those who
solicit for membership will be asked all sorts of ques¬
tions, and meet with many difficulties, but the easiest
way to overcome them is to incorporate as soon as
enough, who are competent to fill the offices, and act
as directors, have subscribed, as it will be found much
easier to get subscriptions to a living, working, insti¬
tution than to a prospective institution. A corporation
couraging, but they should not be, for it only shows
they are doing something; they should go right ahead,
ever preaching the truth of co-operation and aiming
always for the highest ideals and success will surely
follow. When the organization is completed a careful
study should be made of the methods which have been
adopted by the successful institutions, and not allow
the whims and caprices of the inexperienced to enter
in. Adopt the best business methods; insist that all
members shall be used exactly alike, whether rich or
poor, black or white; allow absolutely no special priv¬
ileges. c. R. WHITE.
ALL HANDS IN THE POTATO PATCH. ' Fig. 142.
A VERY IMPORTANT LITTLE DAIRY WOMAN. Fig. 143.
WHERE TO PUT THE FARM MANURE.
I wish to speak a work through The R. N.-Y.
against what seems to me a' poor practice in the appli¬
cation of the farm manure. We fail
often enough in the proper saving of
this valuable fertilizer, yet it seems to
me we make a serious mistake when
we spread the stable manure on too
small area. In strict justice to our
fields the manure resulting from the
feeding of a' crop should be returned to
the field producing it before it is asked
to produce another. In practice we
cannot always do this, so it seems that
on farms where a rotation of crops is
practiced, bringing in one or more of
the legumes, an economical disposition
of the manure is made when spread
upon the clover sod preceding the corn
crop, and here is the gist of the matter.
The manure should be spread on all
the field with the possible exception of
the very richest spots. This will result
in all the tilled land receiving an appli¬
cation of manure every third or fourth
year, depending on the length of the ro¬
tation. I have observed a practice among
neighbor farmers of putting all, or almost
all, the stable manure on one or two
small truck patches, thus robbing 10 or
20 acres for the benefit of one or two.
In noting the rapid improvement of the
favored plots, we seem to overlook the
just as rapid depletion that is bound to
occur in the productive power of the
larger fields when this is made the rule
for a series of years.
Ohio. A. S. PHELPS.
R- N.-Y. — That is very sensible. It is
the plan advocated in “Chemicals and
Clover” — putting all the manure on each
year’s corn crop and practically all the
. fertilizer on the potatoes. It often hap¬
pens that a few acres in fruit or truck
pay very well, and of course such land
needs extra supplies of plant food. They
should be supplied as an extra outside
the regular farm supply.
FALL BEARING STRAWBERRIES AND PLANTS. Fig. 144
can be formed with a capital stock of $500 or over;
$500 at least must be paid in in cash or property be¬
fore the corporation may assume any liability, and
one-half of the capital stock must be paid in within
one year from date of incorporation, according to the
laws of New York State. Those who are posted and
full of public spirit will enter into the work with a
will, being content to derive their benefits as they
will naturally accrue to all alike, and will be found
ready to do what they can to promote the interest
of the institution and to defend it against the attacks
which will surely be made by those who will or who
imagine they will, be injured by the association, and
by that useless class who habitually hang around pub¬
lic places looking for chances to pick flaws and peddle
gossip which will be, nearly always, of a defamatory
nature. To the beginner these things will be very dis-
SOME PROMISING YOUNG STOCK
Our pictures this week show some of
the best stock that a farmer can possibly
raise or bring up. Fig. 143 shows us a
view on the lawn of Sunset View Farm
in Michigan. Here is stock that is hard
to beat. The little one is not only hold¬
ing the white heifer, but can help take
care of the baby.
At Fig. 144 a picture of the children
of L. J. Farmer, Oswego Co., N. Y.,
picking or packing Fall-bearing straw¬
berries. This picture- was taken last
September and shows the berries and the
plants as they grow in that locality.
Fig. 142 is a Pennsylvania scene. This
farmer is growing a big crop of potatoes,
and it has become pretty much a family
affair, with all hands having a chance to work. We
should consider it an unfortunate farm on which
there were no children, or at least pleasant memories
of them. It is a beautiful thing to have the little
ones take an interest in the work.
Many questions reach us about a famous “chain
letter” which is being sent to our readers. This let¬
ter calls for 500,000 canceled stamps to be sent to a
school in Australia. The Post Office Department at
Washington tells us that no legitimate use can be made
of such stamps. This “chain letter” was started years
ago and apparently died out. Now it has started up
once more, and should be broken off. Do not under
any circumstance keep this “chain” going. Break it
by refusing to write the letters. You do far more
harm than good by keeping it up.
428
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 1,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must be accompanied by the name
and aduress of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
tepcrate piece of paper. 1
PFAS BEFORE POTATOES.
A. B. B., Xcic Jersey. — What would you
advise hie to do in this case? I wish to
-sow cow peas this Spring on fresh plowed
ground and plow under in August. Next
Spring spread stable manure on and plow
again. Would it be well to plow the
ground in the Spring, as this would bring
the decayed peas on top, but then the ma¬
nure would he under? Or would it be hot¬
ter to plow both tinder in Fall? I want
to get ground in good condition for po¬
tatoes in Spring of 1012. The soil is
day loam, not wet, in northern Ulster Co.,
N. Y.
Ans. — Do you mean cow peas or
Canada field peas? Some farmers seem
to lie confused over this crop. You
cannot sow the cow peas safely until
about corn planting time. Canada peas
may be seeded in April and we assume
this is the crop you mean. We should
plow the crop under in late July or
August and sow rye. In the early Spring
put the manure on the young rye and
plow it all under. The peas will be well
decayed and with careful work you can
prepare the soil for the potatoes. We
should not let this land lie idle through
the late Summer and Fall.
SOUND SENSE ON “BACK TO THE LAND.”
Success in farming depends almost en¬
tirely on the man. There is hardly any
condition that cannot be handled success¬
fully, as in any other business, by “the
right man.” The man who would he suc¬
cessful in farming must be able to adapt
himself to circumstances, his methods to
conditions, able to derive profit from his
failures, and above all he must be able to
think. For he will fiud situations and
conditions every day that can be met. and
difficulties that, can be overcome only by
intelligent- thought and reason. The fore¬
going may sound like the advice given to a
young lawyer or doctor just leaving college.
Perhaps it does. It sounds to me like a para¬
graph taken from a 25-cent “Guide to Suc¬
cessful Business.” But no matter how
threadbare it is it is true nevertheless.
The point I want to make is this : These
qualities essential to the success of a law¬
yer or to the success of a doctor must be
possessed by the man who would be a
successful farmer. The first thing for a
man to do who would change his occupa¬
tion for that of a farmer, is to analyze
himself; find out what material he is made
of. If you were to seek employment in
any office, factory or store, the first ques¬
tion fired at you would ho, “what have you
done?” Now fire this same question at
yourself. Don’t allow any ‘hedging.”
What have you done? Have you ever ac¬
complished anything? Were you ever suc¬
cessful in business, at any trade, in any
line of work? (If you were why didn't you
stick to it?> If you were not, don’t expect
to make a success of farming. There may
have been a time when the map who was
unfit for anything else could “make a liv¬
ing" on a farm, but that time is no more.
The successful farmer of to-day is a man
of ability, a thinker and a fighter.
Don't be influenced too much by the arti¬
cles and letters in our agricultural papers,
telling of the struggles of young men on the
farm, who after a few years of failure and
mistakes “made good." burned the mortgage
and lived happy ever after. You don’t
know the heartaches of the years of uphill
work before these men did make good.
Ask some of these men if they, were they
back at the beginning of their career as
farmers, would have courage to fight the
battle over again. And then what about
the man who after yearsof failure does not
“make good?” You don't hear about him.
1 am thinking of a man in my town who
started business life with a few dollars 60
years ago. He embarked in several business
enterprises and was considered quite a
shrewd business man. At any rate in 20
years he had accumulated $10,000. Forty
years ago he bought and paid for a farm
with this $10,000. Since that time he has
worked harder, and had less pleasures and
comforts than he did during the 20 years
in which he saved the price of his farm,
lie said to a friend of his a few days ago,
"If my stock, farm, utensils, and in fact,
everyt'hing I possess were to be sold under
the hammer I would not realize $4,000.”
To the man who is thinking of going back
to the farm and wants advice, I would say,
“Go to the man who knows you, although
he may be an insurance agent, and not
know a squash from a spring-tooth harrow.
If he knows you he is better qualified to
give advice than the man who knows much
about the conditions of farm life and
doesn't know you.” A. J. H.
FREAKS AND FAKES.
Isn't it about time you were printing
some more warnings about the Wonder-
berry, Sunberry and garden huckleberries?
A neighbor paid 20 cents for a packet of
Wonderberry seed last Spring, and she
passed a few plants around. They are
wonderfully prolific, a wonder to behold, and
we are still wondering what they are good
for. The entire crop remains ungatliered
in the garden, and the fruit doesn't grow on
sunflowers here either. .Take a fool's ad¬
vice and don't plant any of the above-
named berries. I'm getting shy of these
windy seedsmen who make so much noise
about useless things. Now please tell us
about the wonderful Himalaya berry that
seems to be the leading freak this year.
A-shby, Neb. p. h. b.
I notice in your issue of February 11 an
editorial regarding spineless cactus. If you
want any of it wc can send you tons of it
from Mexico, where it is indigenous near
the central part of the plateau in the
States of San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato and
Queretero, aud the Mexican government is
sending it all over the country to propa¬
gate its use amongst the farmers and ranch
owners as a forage for arid places devoid
of pasture, as it makes a fine pasture for
cattle, and when cut up in small pieces the
barnyard fowls eat it with avidity. It re¬
sists the frosts we have here in this alti¬
tude of 6,000 feet above the sea, and will
uo doubt he a great thing in the future for
tbe arid districts, as it does not require
water other than the occasional rains that
we get in the rainy season from .Tunc to
September. The fruit is also very sweet and
palatable, and the natives live on it when
the "tunas” are ripe, and I also am very
fond of it, but it has uo banana flavor, such
as you mention. I got stuck on the Won¬
derberry proposition and afterwards found
out that we had locally a wild Solauum
nigrum that beat it all hollow as to size
and fruit. F' Innately I was only out the
20 cents that t..c package of seeds cost me.
Keep after them, and when they do get
anything really original and worthy give
them credit for it. but in the meantime
warn all prospective purchasers to look out
or they will be "bit.” Also recommend the
Manila mango as the best that grows, as
the one you represent in your cut is what
we call the Corriente or most common sort,
and the other is 100 per cent better both
as to flavor, size and the amount of meat,
as the seed is very small and thin, and de¬
void of fibre in the fruit. The fruit is
from four to eight inches long and from
three to three and a half inches thick.
Mexico. E. MATHEWS.
R. N.-Y. — It was no use wasting ammuni¬
tion on dead ducks — or Wonderberry— after
the public had tried them. The “giant Him¬
alaya" is well worth trying in California.
We understand that Mr. Burlwink claims
that spurious plants are being offered. Our
reports indicate that the plant is too ten¬
der for sections north of Alabama.
NEW FORMS OF ARSENIC FOR SPRAYING
In Colorado considerable damage is re¬
ported from tbe heavy use of arsenic in
spraying. The arsenic has accumulated in
the soil and caused trouble. Some form of
poison must be used in order to fight tbe
Codling moth successfully, and new materials
are being used. Prof. C. P. Gillette of tbe
Colorado College tells of some experiments
with sulphide of arsenic.
“We started out to find a more soluble
arsenical poisoning to be used in place of
arsenate of lead or Paris green for the de¬
struction of insects. At the suggestion of
our chemist. Dr. Headdcn, I have been
using sulphide of arsenic for the Codling
moth for the past two Summers. In 1909
the poison was used in soluble form, the
sulphide being precipitated almost instantly
on being thrown into the air. We were
troubled somewhat by injury to foliage,
however, and so during the past Summer
we used the sulphide in precipitated form,
making as many as four applications upon
some of the trees treated. All went "well
until after the last treatment, when con¬
siderable burning of foliage resulted, ap¬
parently because the sulphide was. kept in
suspension in water for two or three weeks
between sprayings, which undoubtedly re¬
sulted in some of the arsenic going into
solution and burning the leaves after this
fourth application. This poison, which is
considered to be almost entirely insoluble
in water, or even in the digestive fluids of
the human stomach, was fairly effectual
both last year and this in destroying the
worms, but in neither ease did quite as well
as arsenate of lead. My idea iu using this
poison was to prevent the injury to fruit
trees or other plants, due to the accumu¬
lation of arsenic in the soil. 1 am some¬
what disappointed in our results, and do
not feel that it is safe yet to recommend
this poison for general use. We hope, of
course, that we may still learn to use the
sulphide in such a way as to avoid the
injury to foliage, and still have it effectual
in the destruction of insects, which have
remarkable digestive powers.”
THE APPLE BUSINESS
Is a sure thing — if you have the right kind of
a tree. People may plant too many oranges
but the good old apple is a sure thing. T he
time to get in with that hillside is right now
—this Spring.
There is some discussion about the best
aged tree to plant. Some want big trees and
some little whips. We have them all!
The size is a matter of opinion hut every¬
body agrees that the health and life of the
tree is more important. We put life and
health in our trees — or they doit themselves.
They grow in strong ground with no
check from start to finish and with a long
fall season to harden and ripen their woods.
They are sound, free from disease and
ready to grow. Every variety you want
and every tree right.
The Catalog tells all about it.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 15, BERLIN, MO.
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS SL
Apples ... $15.00 per lOO
Peaches ... $8.00 per lOO
Cherries ... $10.00 per lOO
Strictly First-Class Stock, Government In¬
spected. Write today for our free catalogue
on Fruits and Ornamentals, and l>uy direet
from the growers. Our trees are grown in that
great nursery belt of Ontario County.
ONTARIO NURSERY CO., Inc.
GENEVA. N. Y. Box No. 21
DONT FAIL TO PLANT
SOME OF THE
Meadowvale Gladioli
THIS SEASON.
Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue at once.
ARTHUR COWEE
Meadowvale Farm. Box 54, BERLIN, N. Y.
FRUIT TREES and PLANTS
At prices that will astonish you. Send for Whole¬
sale Price List and Lithographs. Several good
collections cheap. We have a complete assortment
in all varieties of fruit trees and plants. Special
Strawberry Catalog. Headquarters for the Old-
Fashioned Sweet Cherry. No crooked or inferior
stock sold at any nrice Satisfaction guaranteed.
L’AMORKAUX NURSERY CO., Schoharie. N. Y.
Black's Peach Trees-1911
>. j Peach Trees are one of our specialties — we*
£Trow for quality and not quantity alone. Our 1
trees- however, cost little, if any, more than thel
ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but seljl
direct, saving middleman’s profits. i ■ ■
^New booklet, “Springtime and ^||IJ3|)I0
Harvest for the Fruit-grower,” free. r\ ■ ■ ■
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co. DOOKlCl
Box V^Hightstown^JcwJtereev ppgg
CHERRY TREES
100 Early Richmond Cherry
TwoYear, 5 to 6 Feet, $16,00
Freight paid to yonr station. All other nursery
stock sold direct to planter at lowest possible prices
for high-grade stock. Send for descriptive price list.
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES
NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
FRUIT TREES
Pears, Bartlett, Seekel and others. Fine,
trees. Cherries, very low in price. Plums,
best varieties. Poaches, grown from buds
from bearing trees. Guaranteed true-to-
labeL Also extra fine
C urrants and Crapes,
any quantity. Spe¬
cial 40c, $1 and $2 A0
Lot Offers, for gar¬
den planting for home
use : Our prices liave not
advanced to meet the recent
general raise. Ggt wholesale
prices direct from us and save J
to }. Free catalog. Write.
W. P. RUPERT & SON, Box 20. Seneca, N. Y.
Also Breeder s of Prize. Hampshire JSheep.
I
are large, bright, glossy green and the foli¬
age remains bright a..d attractive through¬
out the entire growing season. The illus¬
tration shows a small part of a photograph
of one Climbing American Beautyin bloom.
Hose-lovers will certainly take great delight
in this wonderful new rose. We will be
pleased to send you, by mail, postpaid, one
or as many more as you like of these beau¬
tiful roses. One-year-old plants $2.00 each.
Write for complete descriptive literature.
HOOPES. BR0. 8 THOMAS COMPANY, West Chester, P*.
Grow this Beautiful Rose
In Your Garden
It is the American Beauty Rose, but very
much improved. Instead of being a plant
that will only flower in the
hothouse, it will thrive and
bloom wherever a climb¬
ing or pillar rose will.
It has the sam'
exquisitely fra¬
grant, rosy -crim¬
son flowers 3 to 4
inches iu diameter
— but instead of a
few flowers it is
one mass of bloom
in June, and contin¬
ues to bloom occa¬
sionally through¬
out the season.
The leaves of our
Climbing
American
Beauty
1:7c 000 apple and
PEACH TREES
Our prices are 50 per cent less than you
pay agents and dealers, because* in
buying direct from the growers you
SAVE TWO PROFITS
and run no risk. Every tree as repre¬
sented. True to name. Fresh dug.
Personal attention given each order.
2 Apple Trees i
postpaid for 25 cents.
Everybody send for Free catalogue.
Maloney Bros. & Weils,
Box 13 , Dansville, N. Y.
BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME
GROUNDS WITH A PRIVET HEDGE
X will sell you enough good, strong, heavily rooted
California Privet hedge plants to go around your
home grounds, planted six inches apart, for 9c per
yard, packed to carry anywhere, delivered to It. It
station at Salisbury, Mel. Measure distance around
your grounds, see how little it costs and sen.d your
Older tow. F. ALLEN. Salisbury, Maryland.
McKAY’S Peach Trees -
McKAY’S Dwarf Apple Trees— -
Me MAY’S Acre Cherry Orchard, SI 5- -
McKAY’S Rose Bushes on their own roots -
McKAY’S Fertilizer Chemicals -
McKAY’S Agricultural Lime, $3 per ton
McKAY’S Catalogue tells about them— and more
'W. L. McKay, Geneva, N. Y. BoxR.
EVERGREENS
Nursery grown, suitable for all pur¬
poses. 94.50 and up per thousand. We
have 50 millions. Our low prices will
astonish you. Also Hardy Forest trees,
Shade, Ornamental and Fruit trees,
Shrubs, Vines, etc. Our beautiful Cat¬
alog is crowded with valuable informa¬
tion. This and 50 Great Bargain Sbeet are Free.
Send for them today.
D. HILL NURSERY CO., Box 212, Dundee, III.
Evergreen Specialists
OLYMPIC NATURE NURSERY
Rhododendrons, Madronas, Oregon Grapes, Huckle¬
berries and other wild shruhs, plants and flowers.
By mail, 10 for 50 cents, 24 for SI. 00 postpaid.
Money hack if not satisfied.
JOEL BHOMAKFlt, Nellila, Washington.
PEACH TREES
KLItUltTA, C A OMAN, HIE LEY, and all the
leading varieties at prices that will save you money.
We have APPLE, PEAR, PLUM, and other varieties of
fruit trees also. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO. EL£S,To«»
FRUIT TREES
Our Proof to date after years of service is that
we can save you not only money, but disap¬
pointment when your trees begin to fruit.
This Proof will be submitted witb our new
catalog— ask for it today. * * * * *
H. S. WILEY & SON, Box 122, Cayuga, N. Y.
CATALPA
SPECIOSA TREES
Mine are true to name.
Free booklet tells all
about the 150 acres I am growing for telephone
noles. H. C. ROGERS, Box 111, Mechanicsburg, 0.
THTNEWEHCMW / ;
KVRSimiKOTPV
• , jnrax y /r
THIS BOOK
sent free for the asking,
is full of reliable infor¬
mation concerning Trees and Plants hardy in New
England. It is well worth sending for.
Our stock includes a most complete line of Fruit
and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Vines, as well as a
great variety of Roses and Perennials, whose quality
suits the most discriminating buyer. We solicit cor¬
respondence relative to any planting problem.
<Ihe NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES, Inc.
BEDFORD MASS.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-VORKER
42©
CEMENT FOR BRACING POSTS.
On page 186 is an article on non¬
twisting fence post. I tried a way that
I think is much better than the method
described by Mr. Kinsley. In my case
I use for end or gate posts good locust
posts nine feet long, not less than six or
seven inches through at top ; they should
be seasoned and the bark removed. I
dig hole i]/2 feet deep, 18 to 24 inches
square, set post in center of hole and
stay it with lath so that it cannot get out
of plumb; fill up the hole with concrete
well tamped, and then let stand three or
four weeks before stretching fence. If
done in this way you will need no brace.
The concrete will hold the post securely
and straight. This method is especially
to be recommended for fencing a garden
or lawn, as it makes a much neater job
than when braces are used. It also looks
to me as if a post should last longer
when set in cement.
Ohio. JOHN c. HOFFMAN.
MOTORS AND FRUITS.
Tig. 145 shows how motors are made
useful in handling small fruits. This
is E. C. Gillette, secretary of the New
York State Fruit Growers’ Association,
on his own fruit farm in Yates Co.
The car here shown has traveled several
thousand miles over the State. It will
take a party off to a convention or to
visit some farm, eating up the miles as
moth is bad add two pounds arsenate
of lead to 50 gallons of mixture. Thq
mixture will have enough better fungi¬
cidal value to pay cost of arsenate of
lead. Spray again when blossoms are
about all off, and be sure to get over
them before the calyx closes for best
results. Use for this application one
gallon of concentrate lime-sulphur to 40
gallons of water, and three pounds of
arsenate of. lead to each 50 gallons of
mixture. Keep all mixture well agi¬
tated. Make first application most thor¬
oughly from below, and second applica¬
tion mostly from above. Examine
blossoms often to see that you are get¬
ting the mixture on a good percentage
of the blossom lobes. If so these spray¬
ings should be enough for good fruit.
As to the cherry tree, there is no
doubt spraying would help it, and yet
one should know what ails the tree be¬
fore saying what to use. However, the
first spraying recommended for the
apples will do it good, no matter what
the trouble is. Then if R. H. T. will
say what the trouble is I will be glad to
advise him. w. H.
Shall We Harrow in Lime ?
8. S . C., Hardwick , Vt. — You have said
so much about the use of lime that I have
decided to try it for myself. I have bought
a quantity of hydrated’ lime to be used
this Spring at the rate of one ton to the
acre. I intended to spread it on the fur¬
rows (land was plowed last Fall) just as
A MOTOR CAR IN THE FRUIT BUSINESS. Fig. 145.
if it enjoyed the diet. It can carry a
bunch of trays or boxes of fruit as
shown in the picture faster than a horse
could travel — leaving the horse for farm
work. This is but one of hundred of
such cars now working as horse and
hired man for fruit growers. They are
put to all sorts of uses, and have become
a regular part of the farm equipment in
many fruit sections of New York.
Spray the Apple Trees.
R. II. T., Conneaut, O. — I have a small
orchard of about 15 to 20 year-old apple
trees, Baldwins and R. I. Greenings. They
bear pretty well but last Fall every apple
I picked had a worm hole in it, and out
of 15 bushels put in cellar I think I have
left one peck, having carried out all the
rest on account of rot. Would you tell me
when I ought to spray, how many times
and whether lime-sulphur or something
else? I am trimming them up this Winter
and hope to have at least enough for my
own use. I have an old giant of a black
cherry tree; would spraying benefit it? It
Is the only one on the farm, and they are
very hard to start in this country.
Ans.«— In regard to the apple trees, it
may be possible there is some scab or
rot or fungus on the trees that causes
the fruit to rot so badly. In any event
a good spraying with a fungicide will
add to the health of the trees, and any¬
thing that adds to the health of the
trees makes the fruit hang better and
keep very much better. So for best re¬
sults I would give these trees a good
application of lime-sulphur, used at the
rate of one gallon of concentrate, test¬
ing 33° B., to 8t/2 gallons of water, when
buds begin to show quite green. If bud-
soon as the snow goes, but I ami told that
it should not be spread until it can be har¬
rowed in at once. Will it really make any
particular difference if I go ahead and
spread it as I have planned? My reason
for this plan is that it will save time dur¬
ing the busy season, and also to avoid the
high winds that prevail later in the season.
Also, I thought that by the earlier spread¬
ing the crop next Summer might get more
benefit from it than if it was not spread
until planting time.
Ans. — We believe it does make a dif¬
ference whether the lime is plowed un¬
der or thoroughly worked in. The ob¬
ject is to incorporate the lime evenly
through the soil. An acre of soil one
foot deep weighs about 1800 tons. If
you use a ton of lime you will see
that there must be a' very thorough
mixture in order to reach all parts of
the soil. We believe that where lime is
put on the unplowed surface or plowed
under that much of it remains in one
place forming a sort of mortar in the
soil. Some months ago mention was
made of this and we repeat what was
said :
Prof. F. V. Coville has been conducting
some remarkable experiments in blueberry
culture which show up this point. The
blueberry thrives in an acid soil, and is
built especially for growing where the soil
is sour. Whenever lime is used so as to
sweeten the soil the blueberry fails. In one
case blueberry plants were started in pots
and watered for seven months with nothing
but lime water. It was figured that the
equivalent of nearly 25 tons of lime to the
acre was put into this soil, and yet these
acid plants kept on growing. An examina¬
tion showed that practically all this great
amount of lime had been left in the upper
few inches of soil. It had not penetrated
Into the lower part of the pot. but had
formed a sort of shell at the top. under
which the soil was still sour, so that the
blueberries grew in it.
DO YOU NEED PAINT?
LET ME SEND YOU MY PAINT BOOK. It will tell you all you want
to know about paint and painting. The best paint is the cheapest paint.
I make the best paint. INGERSOLL’S PAINT has been made for 69 years.
It is made with scientific accuracy from the BEST MATERIALS, thor¬
oughly combined by machinery — you cannot make GOOD PAINT with a
stick by hand-mixing. Other paints are sold by dealers or supply houses.
This method requires salary and expenses of traveling salesmen and profits
for jobbers and retailers. These extra expenses and numerous profits YOU
MUST PAY when you buy the paint. If the price is low the measure is
short or the quality poor — usually both.
I Can Save You One-Half Your
Paint Bills
One-half the price you pay the retailer represents the factory cost of
the paint. The other half is required for middlemen’s profits and expenses.
Our paint is shipped fresh from the factory direct to you. You pay simply
the factory price. You pay no salesman; no hotel bills; and no middlemen
of any kind. The dealer or supply house may offer you a paint at our price;
but THEY CANNOT GIVE YOU OUR QUALITY OF PAINT AT OUR
PRICE. They must add the cost of their expensive method of selling and
middlemen’s profits; IF they give you the Ingersoll QUALITY of paint the
cost will be DOUBLE OUR PRICE.
Don’t Use Cheap Paint
offered by dealers and supply houses. They may save you a little on first
cost, but no more labor is required to paint your buildings with INGER¬
SOLL PAINT than with inferior store paint. Poor paint always makes a
building look shabby in six months or a year, and is sure to make you
regret the little saving in the first cost of the material. INGERSOLL
PAINTS will give you long years of satisfactory service and LOOK WELL
ALL THE TIME.
Ingersoll Mixed Paints
have held the official endorsement of the
Grange for 37 years
We can refer you to pleased customers in your own neighborhood.
We make it easy for you to buy paint direct from the mill. The book
will tell you the quantity needed. The order will reach us over night, and
the paint will be on the way to you in twenty-four hours. Let me send
you my FREE DELIVERY PLAN. Send your address for a beautiful set
of Sample Color Cards and our Paint Book. We mail them FREE.
IF YOU WANT PAINT, WRITE ME. DO IT NOW. I CAN SAVE YOU
MONEY.
O. W. Ingersoll, Prop.
NO. 248 PLYMOUTH STREET, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.
ORCHARD CULTIVATOR
THE FORKDIER LIGHT DRAFT HARROW
is the only perfect light running wheel cultivator
ever offered for orchard work. Each section is
so easily manipulated with levers that a small
boy can operate it and cultivate perfectly 30 acres
per day with one team of medium weight. With
this harrow one team can easily do the work of
two teams with ordinary harrows. Works well
in stumpy or stony land and does not clog with
loose grass, roots, etc. Its extension of II ft.,
3*2 ft. each side of the team, enables perfect dust
mulching near the tree trunks without disturb¬
ing the branches or fruit, and eliminates the use
of the hoe. One machine will work 100 acres of
orchard and keep it in garden tilth. These ma¬
chines are labor savers and will reduce your
cultivating expenses one-half, even if you have
but live or ten acres of orchard. Full particu¬
lars on request. Address
LIGHT DRAFT HARROW COMPANY, Marshalltown, Iowa
MODERN GARDENING
Send for
76th
Anniversary
Catalog
FREB
'Our No. 1 Wheel Hoe provides a way to
plow, furrow, cultivate and weed your garden^
without taking valuable time from other work. <
With this tool a boy can take care of a big '
garden, providing fresh vegetables all sum¬
mer. A wonderful time and labor saver '
for only #7.00. Other tools 82.50 up.
mm
Farm and
Garden Tools I
75
YEAR:
BUSIN
"Why try to got along the old way when J
1 ou can buy these light, durable,,
landy tools ? W rito for Anniversary^
Catalog showing entire line, in¬
cluding potato machinery, etc. '
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
Box 1021 No- 1
Qrniloob, X. 1. ^ w & Double I
or 8inglo J
Wheel Hoe 1
FUMA
itpiiii a ”v kills Prairie Dogs,
“ m m Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of the gods
grind slow but exceed¬
ingly s:nall.” So the weevil, but you can stop their
£with “ Fuma Carbon Bisulphide are doiDg.
EUWAKU R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.
Use a HERCULES
All-Steel Triple-Power
Stump Puller on
30 Days’ Free Trial
Clear up your stumpy fields at our risk now
with a famous Hercules on30 days’ Free Trial.
Test it on your place at our risk. Pulls stumps
out, roots and all. 400£ stronger than any
other puller made. Triple power attachment
means one-third greater pull. The only stump
puller guaranteed for 3 years. Only one with
Double Safety Ratchets. Only one with all
bearings and working parts turned, finished
and machined, reducing friction, increasing
power, making . it extremely light-running.
I Hitch on to any stump
400 % And the
More
Power
Stump is Bound
to Come
Also pulls largest-
sized green trees,
hedgerows,
etc. Don’t risk
dangerous
and costly
dynamite. It
only shatters
stump and leaves
roots In ground.
Save big money
by gett lng our
1701717 DnAPC and free trial offer. Also
a nr.r. DUvJrkij special proposition to
first buyers where we have no agents. Write us a
postal card today. Address
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO.
130 17th Street, Centerville, Iowa
TRA0E MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT- OFTICE.
. . . MANUFACTURED ONLY BY . . .
Rogers & Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.
Send for free Almanac telling all about
Hubbard’s “ Bone Base” Fertilizers.
430
THE FtURAIs NEW-YORKER
April 1,
OCTOBER SALES FROM A BACK YARD.
October, 1910, was my banner sales
month from my New Jersey garden of
.08 of an acre, size 45x77 feet. In look¬
ing over my records for a few years
back, I find November was the banner
month in 1908 ; sales were $17.84. In
1909 June was the banner month, sales
were $22.89, so that while the sales of
any month must depend upon prepara¬
tions that are made many months be¬
fore, the banner months of the year will
vary in different years. The second
best month of 1910 was June, with
sales of $19.05. So in telling how I
made October the banner month it will
be necessary to go back to February,
and on the 22nd thereof I planted a
few celery seeds in the cold frame, and
on March 22 I planted celery seed in the
outside seed bed. On May 21 I trans¬
planted some of the largest of the celery
plants in the cold frame ; they were
clipped to make them stocky, and
watered occasionally in the dry spells.
My earliest planting of peas was made
on March 28, and on June 8 I picked
the first peas. When this row of peas
was done picking I pulled the brush, and
cut the vines off at the surface of the
ground. I then put the plow on the
Planet Jr., and starting as near the ad¬
joining corn row as I could, I threw a
furrow from the pea row, returning the
same distance on the other side. I re¬
peat the process so that the clean-up fur¬
row is as deep as I can make it when
finished. Into this I put two good bar-
rows of cow manure and threw a dou¬
ble furrow back on it ; then took a 16-
inch garden rake and fined and smoothed
the row for the plants. On June 29 I
set about one-half of the row with the
largest plants, all that were ready at
the time. The remainder of that row
and four others were set with celery
plants later on, as fast as I could get the
plants large enough, setting the last cel¬
ery on August 20, preparing the rows as
described above. About the first of Sep¬
tember I cleared away the cornstalks,
cutting them off with a shovel a little
below the surface, so that the stubs
would not interfere with my wheel hoe.
Stacking the stalks out of the way, I put
the cultivator teeth on and thoroughly
worked the soil. I then put the hoes
on and loosened it as deeply as I could
run them, then with the plow I ridged it
up and put in best possible condition
with the rake. I then planted three
drills of Crimson Giant radish seed
about eight inches apart in each bed.
The first two of these beds were fol¬
lowed by a third when the stalks were
ready to remove, with the same treat¬
ment.
Late in the season, after I had set
my late tomatoes between the potatoes
and in the row of beets, 1 had sofne to¬
mato plants left, which I set in the rows
of early beets, putting them in alternate
rows of beets. I might say here that I
stake and tie all my tomato plants.
While I possibly may not get as much
fruit from a plant, I can get more plants
on the same ground, and I do not lose
any fruit from rotting, caused by con¬
tact with the earth. Perhaps you may
ask what has all this to do with Octo¬
ber sales. Well, these things whose
planting I have been describing fur¬
nished the bulk of products to make the
sales. I cultivated the celery with the
wheel hoe, endeavoring to keep the sur¬
face broken at all times to prevent evap¬
oration. I used some nitrate of soda on
the celery, sprinkling it beside the rows,
but was careful to use only when the
foliage was free from moisture. I also
used some raw bone' meal, a very finely
ground grade, sprinkling it on the row,
and gave a dose of about 20 pounds table
salt about two weeks before the celery
was large enough to handle. I put a
barrow of cow manure in old paint
kegs each one-half full, filling up with
water. After letting it stand at least 24
hours I would dip it into a 12-quart
watering can, remove the sprinkler and
apply as near the roots as I could by
walking beside the row, about 1J4 can to
a row. These applications of liquid ma¬
nure I continued to apply until about two
weeks before I dug the celery. I also
gave the radishes a few doses of it.
As soon as the celery was large enough
I handled it, and then I used what
boards I had to stand up beside the rows
to bleach it. It is not safe to bleach it
with dirt so early in the season lest it
rust and decay. In late September I
bought 150 feet of 10-inch roofers and
used them for bleaching purposes also,
On September 17 I sold the first celery.
I got the prices at the stores and then
gave my customers good value, putting
tw’O to four stalks in a bunch, according
to size and price at the stores, and charg¬
ing 10 cents a bunch. As I had only
one-half row of the earliest celery I se¬
cured only a few customers at first, and
supplied them weekly. As soon as the
celery was grown and I could keep a
supply bleached, I increased the number
of customers. About 20 bunches were
all I could get ready in the two or three
hours in the afternoon, which was what
time I had to give to it ; and I was even
more hurried if I had other truck to
prepare. . ,
•I marketed most of my truck on Fri¬
day and Saturday evening, getting it
ready in the afternoon. After supper I
would go out and huckster it, also taking
orders for the next day, which I would
deliver on Saturday evening. As the
month came in on Saturday I had five
Saturdays, which was to my advantage.
My sales during the month were as fol¬
lows: Celery, $5.75; radishes, $9.90;
peppers, 20 cents ; tomatoes, $3.15 ; Lima
beans, $3.82 ; beets, 45 cents ; total, $23.27,
compared with October of 1909 at $15.53,
or with June, 1909, which was the best
previous month, at $22.89. My only rules
are to keep the soil at work, grow the
best quality of truck that you can. Get it
to the consumer direct and perfectly
fresh. Handle it carefully and in as
attractive appearance as possible.
STANTON KIRKBRIDE.
Camden Co., N. J.
THE IMPORTED ONION MAGGOT.
The Adult. — The adult insect is a fly,
somewhat smaller than the common house
fly, but resembling it very much. The
male is gray, with black bristles and hairs ;
it has a- white face with black bristles,
and there are three dark lines on the body
between the wings and a row of black spots
on the abdomen. The female is a little the
larger, and inclined to dark yellowish, with
a pale yellowish face.
Distribution and Injury. — The onion
maggot is found in this country wherever
the onion is grown. It is an imported
insect, whose injury to the onion crop is
more serious than that of any other in¬
sect. The onion is the only economic plant
attacked by this species, but its near rela¬
tives, the seed-corn maggot and the cabbage
maggot, feed on a greater variety of plants.
The injury is entirely in the bulb, which
is bored by the larvse. The young plants
are often attacked by from one to 10 or
more maggots, which almost invariably kill
it, causing the tops to wilt and finally dry
up. The injury to large bulbs takes the
form of small borings, which often lead to
decay.
Life History. — Hibernation is in the
adult form. The flies pass the Winter in
barns, storage houses, or among rubbish
piles, principally in places where onions
have been grown or stored. They emerge
early in Spring and lay eggs on' or near
the young plants, .usually at the surface,
but sometimes underground. The female
tries to find a wound in which to lay her
eggs, but has no power to make wounds.
The eggs, which are white, elongate, and
almost spindle-shaped, are deposited in small
masses. In a few days the larvae hatch
and bore into the bulb, usually from be¬
low. The larvae are footless, tapering
toward the head, and truncate behind. After
killing one onion they may travel to an¬
other. The first brood of larvae matures
in .lune in the Northern States. At matur¬
ity they contract, become brown, and form
pupae, from which the adults emerge within
a few days. There are said to be three
generations during the season, of these tin?
first does the most damage. So far as ob¬
served there are no natural enemies, and
it is doubtful if the birds help much in
keeping the maggot in check.
Control. — I. The surest means of preven¬
tion is the destruction of all rubbish in
the onion fields as soon as the crop has
been harvested. During the Winter all
sheds and out-buildings in which onions
have been stored should - be thoroughly
cleaned and when possible whitewashed.
Fumigation with sulphur is a very good
measure. These operations will destroy a
large number of the hibernating flies. 2.
The New Jersey Experiment Station found
(as have also the growers around Erie, Pa.)
that onions planted late in April suffered
less than those sown earlier, because by
that time the females had deposited their
eggs on other plants. 3. The Purdue (In¬
diana) Experiment Station and the Michigan
Station recommend the generous use of
commercial fertilizer, both in the prepara¬
tion of the soil and after the plants are
growing. The entomologist at the latter
station reports that one grower, by push¬
ing the plants rapidly until they were two-
thirds grown, raised a large crop with little
loss in a badly infested locality. During
the growing season the fertilizer is applied
by removing the surface soil on both sides
of the rows, dropping the fertilizer, and
replacing the soil. The Purdue Station re¬
ports success from the use of 400 to 600
pounds of kainit and 200 pounds of nitrate
of soda. The New Jersey Station recom¬
mends the use of 500 pounds per acre of
a mixture consisting of 700 pounds nitrate
300 pounds muriate of potash. 4. The
removal of infested plants is an excellent
preventive of widespread injury. It is a
common practice to pull them up, but they
should be dug up with plenty of earth
and drenched with kerosene or burned. It
is of little value to pull the plants if
they are not removed from the field, as
the maggots will simply attack plants which
might otherwise have escaped. 5. Car¬
bolic acid emulsion has been used success¬
fully. It is made by emulsifying one gal¬
lon of boiling water, in which has been dis¬
solved one pound of soap, with a pint of
carbolic acid. This solution should be di¬
luted with thirty parts of water and used
as early in the Spring as possible by pour¬
ing ^ it around the plants. As a whole,
cleaning, by fumigation or otherwise, of
storage houses, late planting, careful de¬
struction of infested plants, thorough cul¬
tivation, and heavy fertilization appear to
lie the most practicable means at present
known of controlling the onion maggot.
Pennsylvania. w. c. pelton.
Dibble’s Seed Potatoes
Northern Grown. : Carefully Selected
Cobblers, Ohios, Bovees, Rose,
Hebrons, Green Mountains, Maines,
Carmans, Raleighs and Gold Coins
in any quantity, from barrels to carloads,
direct from our 1,600 acre Seed Farms to
yours. Prices on Bed Rock.
Dibble’s Farm Seed Catalogue and
Special Surplus Price List, just issued,
Free. Address :
EDWARD F. DIBBLE
SEEBGROWER
Box B HONEOYE FALLS, N. Y.
ONION SEED
of the Highest
Germination
Yellow Danvers. Yellow Globe Dan vers. Australian
Brown, Southport Yellow Globe, SL00 lb. Large Ked
Wethersfield. 1 *rizr taker. $1.10 lb. Postpaid.
ONION SETS.— Fancy Yellow Danvers, Eastern Grown.
§2.00 bushel.
Write for Catalog and Fro. trial pkt. of New Knk-
huizen Glory Cabbage.
.J. AUG, DRAKE, Seedsman
100 Main Street, - ■ Chester, N. J.
ONIOM SEED
We are headquarters for a full line of Stras-
burg, Flat Danvers and Yellow Globe Onion
Seed. Try them for No. I stock'. Ctet prices.
- THEII. MANN SEED CO.. ERIE, PA. -
D M in N QCCn- Home grown YellowGlobe, $1 .25 lb.
UillUli OULU postpaid; 5 lbs. by express, $5.50.
J. B. QUIRK, North Madison, Ohio.
ALFALFA
All Northorn grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which we invite yon to get Government tests.
ThiB seed should produce hay at $60 per acre] an¬
nually. Free instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. Wo
handle export grade only and cun furnish grass
mixture suitable for any Boils.
SOY BEANS
IK S
and Mongol are the
heaviest known yleld-
ers. Are all our own
new varieties obtainable from ns only. Mikado
has record of 37 bu. per acre. Will grow on poor
soil and greatly improve it. Write today for catalog.
WING SEED CO., Box 323 Mechanfcsburg. O.
FOR QA| p— 300 Bushels Irish Cobbler Seed Pota-
I Uil OHLl toes at 53c. a bu. Grown especially
for seed purposes; no blight or disease whatever.
F. D. LOOK, Campbell, N. Y.
I JO
1—2*
Salzer’s French
Bean Coffee
(soja hispida)
A wholesome drink ! The healthiest
ever; you can grow it ih your own gar¬
den on a small patch 10 feet by 10, pro¬
ducing 60 lbs. or more. Ripens in Wis¬
consin in 90 days. • Used in great, quan¬
tities in France, Germany and all over
Europe.
Send 15 cents in stamps and we will
mail you a package giving full culture
directions, as also our Mammoth seed
catalog free; or send 81 cents and get,
in addition to above, 10,000 kernels un¬
surpassable vegetable and flower seeds-
enough for bushels of luscious. different
vegetables and brilliant flowers.
JOHN A. 5ALZER SEED COMPANY
144 South 8ih St. LaCrosse Wis
□
Pomeroy Hardy English WALNUT TREES
Free Illustrated Booklet
ENGLISH WALNUT FARM
D, N. POMEIiY, LOCKPOKT, N, Y.
SWEET POTATO PLANTS
Wahrheim Farm Strain; Bright, Gol¬
den, Chunky; Very Productive. 200.
postpaid, 50c. Write for prices, etc.,
on larger lots.
GKO. H. LIKPK, Cologne, N. J.
Ff1R QAI C— 50.000 Strawberry, 20,000 Lucretia
run OnLL Dewberry, 20,000 Grapevines. Send
for price list. JOHN CASAZZA, Vineland, N, J.
50,000 ASPARAGUS PLANTS
Grown from seed saved from most profitable field
in Middle Delaware. Owing to press of other work
cannot use them. Offer for sale at $2.00 per M.
S. H. DERBY & CO. . . Woodside, Del.
MILLIONS OF FLOWERING
and Decorating Plants of all kinds, including Early
and Late Vegetable Plants in abundance, for Flor¬
ists. Landscape Gardeners, Parks, Institutions,
etc., at wholesale prices. Send for lists.
ALONZO J, BRYAN, Wholesale Florist, Washington, N. J.
■* w r * M'TP a few good customersfor
WANTEDara'fia
We want your custom and you want our goods.
Send for our FREE catalog.
The Rochester Nurseries, Rochester, N.Y.
l>otatoes» Disease-Proof Read’s
*-•* *~* *-* Goldenflake, Golden Gem, and Peach-
blow. Newvarieties, wonders. Solddirect. Write
for facts., G. A. READ Read's Exp. Farms, Charlotte, Vt.
INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL
75 cents per hundred, $10.00 per ton. F. O. B. Ash-
ville. Pa. Send for FREE booklet “ How to Grow
Alfalfa.” Dr. H. SOMERVILLE, Chest Springs,
Cambria Comity, Pa.
gM Ml B91A NEW SEED OATS. Bigmone*
EN B IM (■ in right kind oi oats. Here’*
B K5 ffi XjL your chance. Imported Canadian
■ H U ■ seed oats, raised on Galloway
BH flaD M kn Brothers’ big farm in Canada.
H RG H New, clean land. Regenerated
Swedish Select went 116 bushels
to acre; Early New Market 110 bushels to acre. Farmers who
bought this seed from us last year raised as high as 75 to 100
bushels In this country, and found out their old seed was inbred
and run out. Change your seed. Try some of this new seed,
pend for free sample, or 10 cents for large packet. Will also send
our free booklet, entitled “Big Money in Oats and Itow to Grow
Them.’’ Galloway Bros.-Bowman Company
662 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa
Sensation yielded 96 *2 bus. per
acre on 25 acres. Best oats in cul¬
tivation. Largest grain, stiffest straw, and almost
as heavy as wheat. Try them this season and double
your yield. It will be the best investment you ever
made. Sample and catalogue free.
THUO. HUKT & SONS . . Melrose, Ohio
SEED CORN — Reid’s Yellow Dent, Imp. Learning,
Golden Surprise, American Pride, Wiiito (lap and
seed oats. Catalog free. THE0.8URI & SONS, Melrose, Ohio
CHOICE COW PEAS
Hand threshed; anv variety, any quantity. Cor
respondence solicited. SUDLER BROS,, Bridgeville, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That’s what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. I). M. TEETER, Belleville, Ohio.
HIGH GRADE STRAWBERRY PLANTS
w rite for list and prices.
J. BETSCHER ... Canal Dover, Ohio.
WHOLESALE PRICES
SEED OATS
On Strawberry, Raspberry
Currant. Asparagus and Gi
High Grade Stock.
A- R. WESTON & CO-
Blackberry, Gooseberry,
rape Plants, Heavy Rooted,
19th Annual Catalogue Free.
R. 8 Bridgman, Mich.
s
TRAWBERRY PLANTS only *1 .50 & $1 .75 per J000. Illus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. YIRDIN, Har, ly, Del.
Qtrau/hom/ Plante th0 Best varieties.
OlldnUcliy lICHIIo Descriptive Catalogue
Free. BASIL PERRY, D. 18, Cool Spring. Del.
s
TKAWHLKRY PLANTS — Guaranteed true to name. Jllust.
Catalog free. G. E. BUNTING, Selbyville, Del.
_ . gva ■
RASPBERRY PLANTS BERT BAKER, Hoosick Foils, N. Y
STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW
All Standard Varieties. Also RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY,
CURRANT and GRAPE Flams and ASPARAGUS Roota in
ASSORTMENT. WARRANTED TRUE-TO-NAME, and of
GRADE represented. Catalog with Cultural Instructions FREE.
C E. WHITTEN. BOX 11, BRIDGMAN, MICHIGAN.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for new Illus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID KODWAY, Hartly, Dei.
PLANTS
Our free book quotes
lowest prices, honestly
describes 60 varieties,
explains C. O. D. plan,
o plant and grow strawberries, rasp¬
berries, blackberries, grapes, etc.
A. G. BLOUNT, Dept. A, Hastings, N. Y.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS.
Seven of the very best varieties out of a hundred;
they have stood the test, we have them pure and
our prices are right.
Also, have a few more of our selected New Stone
Tomato Seed at $1.00 per lb., as long as they last.
Don’t forget to get our 1911 Catalogue of all kinds
of vegetable plants in their season. We have a
fine lot of Asparagus Hoots to offer this spring —
the finest wo have ever had.
ROMANCE SEED, PLANT AND TRUCK FARM,
Caleb Boggs & Son, Cheswold «0elaware.
5,000 QUARTS OF
STRAWBERRIES
in September and October
from one acre by planting
Kevitt’s New Fall-Bearing
Plants. This I guarantee or
I will return your money
paid for plants. Send for my
catalogue. Over five new
fall-bearing varieties.
T. C. KEVITT, ATHENIA, N. J.
0,000
Strawberry Plants
Large stock thrifty young plants from famous
“Heritage” strain. Prolific hearer. Also Trees,
Vines.California Privet, Asparagus Roots, Spraying
Outfits, Garden Tools, etc. write today for free catalog.
Arthur J. Collins, Box R, Moorestown, N. J.
1911.
THE RURAt NEW-YORKER
4ol
Sprouting Potatoes; Starting Melons.
J. F. F., Bedminster, Pa. — 1. On page
800 are illustrations of “sun-sprouted" pota¬
to seed. Would there be any gain and
would it be practicable to cut tubers two
eyes to a piece and allow to sprout simi¬
larly the same way? 2. Would you con¬
sider It advisable to plant an early variety
of cantaloupe in paper pots, then set out
In plot where desired to grow when dan¬
ger of frost is past? My desire is to cap¬
ture local market for early cantaloupes.
Please give nature of soil, method of fer¬
tility and kind of cantaloupe best adapted
for this purpose.
Ans. — 1. No — do not cut the seed be¬
fore “sun sprouting.” It will dry out
too much and if the season turns dry it
will not do well. “Sun sprout” the en¬
tire seed. 2. If you handle them right
the melons started in pots or on sods in
the hotbed will give you an earlier crop.
Do not let them get “pot bound” or
stay in the pots so long that the roots
are cramped.
Baldwin Apples Every Year.
Since we have been spraying our or¬
chards I am pretty fully convinced that
if they are sprayed as much as they
should be and properly manured, and
not allowed to overbear, they will be
quite sure to bear every year, unless
they are injured by frost. There is a
Baldwin orchard on the farm we last
sold that produced its fifth annual crop
last season without a skip. But it is
on a deep chestnut loam soil, one with
no hardpan subsoil, and has been thor¬
oughly sprayed every year, and used as
a sheep pasture, the sheep being fed
plenty of supplemental food. The fact
is trees must have lots of healthy foliage
in order to keep up the growth of tree
and grow a crop of fruit, and then if
allowed to overbear the whole energy-
goes to the production of fruit, and it
takes the next year for the tree to re¬
cuperate. This orchard has large rugose
leaves, dark and healthy, and is care¬
fully pruned so as not to overbear.
Being so well sprayed it holds its leaves
away along weeks after other orchards
all around are as bare as Winter.
j. s. WOODWARD.
Grafting in the Fall.
C. C. M., Lunenburg, Mass. — What about
Fall grafting? There was quite a lot of
top-grafting done on apple trees here last
Fall. Will they keep moist and start all
right in the Spring, or will the wind dry
the scions out until they will die? I have
some large apple trees that I should like
to top-graft. Will it do to graft a very
early variety, such as Gravensteiu or Red
Astrachan and a very late variety, such as
Baldwin or Wagener, on the same tree,
grafting half to early and half to late?
Ans. — I have never done any grafting
in the Fall, and cannot tell from ex¬
perience what would be the result, but
I have been told by those who have
done it on stocks near the ground that
it has succeeded. The plan is to cover
the graft to the top with soil and trash
and thus protect it from the weather.
It is my belief that if the grafts are left
exposed to the weather over Winter in
any northern climate that they would
die or be very seriously injured. In a
very mild climate there would be no
such danger. Grafting early and late
varieties will not affect them, is what I
believe after many years of experience
and observation. h. e. van deman.
Transplanting Large Grapevines.
On page 816 G. O. A. asks about moving
old grapevines. I have moved at differ¬
ent times old grapevines, with good suc¬
cess. I dig a trench 18 inches deep by
about 12 inches wide, according to the
size of the vine. I dig a place about at
the center of the trench, a place large
enough for the -roots, press the branches
down to the bottom of the trench. If some
branches are not lying down well I give
them a twist ; they will take root there
quicker, then from place to place I leave
some young shoots sticking out above
ground four or five inches. The branches
must lie about eight or 10 inches below
the surface of the ground. The first year
there will be no showing, but the second
year will make surprising growth because
all these old branches will have made
roots the whole length. The third and
fourth years will be far ahead of a vine
two years old, planted at the same time.
T. G. M.
Use of Wood Ashes.
Would it be a good plan to spread fresh
hard-wood ashes on land that was plowed
last Fall, and is to be seeded to Alfalfa
this Spring? Will the lime in the ashes
be as good as air-slaked lime? How much
should there be used? I can get all the
ashes I have use for, and I intend to put
a liberal amount on, so it would not be
necessary to spread more for some years.
•For what crops will ashes be good?
Iron Mountain, Mich. j. j. e.
Yes, the lime in the ashes will be as
good as air-slaked lime. On an average a
ton of the ashes will carry about 600
pounds of lime. A fair dressing of lime is
2.000 pounds, therefore about three tons of
ashes would be needed. The ashes contain
also about 100 pounds of potash to the
ton. They are most useful in grain, grass,
garden crops and all fruits except straw¬
berries.
Mulching to Retard Buds.
Would a heavy mulch of straw, etc.,
around bearing trees retard the blossoming
period, enough to make the mulching worth
while? Would the buds start even if the
roots were kept dormant? If so, would not
that injure the tree by drying out? Do you
advise painting the trunks of peach trees,
when planting, with common tar, to keep
out borers? w. p. k.
Illinois.
Such mulching has not made any great
difference with us. The buds will start re¬
gardless of root conditions if the sun and
rain are warm enough. In case of such
early starting we think a mulch heavy
enough to hold frost too long in the soil
would hurt rather than help. No, we do
not advise painting with tar. So far as
we are concerned those who do it take their
own risk.
Self-sown Oats ; Fertilizer for Truck.
If a field is sown to oats and let get over¬
ripe so that they thrash out in cutting, so
bad that when they come up again it looks
like a new stand, will they come on the
next year and put off a crop, or is it better
to plow for another crop of some kind?
Having my place worked on shares, the
above is my case (12 acres). Do you ap¬
prove of commercial fertilizers for truck
farming, and what kind would you advise
for rolling sandy soil? F. c. a.
Jackson, Mich.
It is not likely that these oats will make
a fair stand next Spring. We would plow
the land for another crop. The right kind
of chemicals will give results on truck
crops. The greatest needs for a sandy
6oil are available nitrogen and potash. Un¬
less you have had some experience with
chemicals you will do well to get some re¬
liable brand containing at least three per
cent nitrogen, seven of phosphoric acid and
eight of potash.
Cotton Boi.i.-wokm “Conspiracy." — Dur¬
ing the Winter report was printed of a
“conspiracy" concocted by two bad men
from Texas to scatter the deadly cotton
boll-weevil through the cotton-growing coun¬
tries of Georgia. The stated object of this
was to ruin the crop of Georgia and South
Carolina, and thus torce up the price. We
wrote the director of the Georgia Experi¬
ment Station about this and received the
following reply :
“It is my opinion that the veriest pervert
could not have concocted so perfect a fake
as the boll-weevil distribution story to
which you refer. The boll-weevil will
meander this way by and by, but the people
now know that to plant the earlier varieties
of cotton and to adopt and religiously prac¬
tice high fertilization, rapid, light, level cul¬
tivation will be to outwit the pesky pest.”
MARTIN V. CALVIN.
Don’t use an immense tank, either
elevated or buried, for storing
water. Stored watoris unhealthful
for your family and yonr stock.
Pump the water direct, with com-
„ , , . , „ , pressed air, as you use it. Supply
Equipment may be placed at any distance the home with water fresh from
from the weH. Outfits supplied for any lift. the well by using the
PERRY PNEUMATIC WATER SYSTEM-
The only water system which stores no water
WITTI the Perry System, the water stays in the well until it is needed. Continuous
pressure in the pipes at all times, same as city supply. The Perry System forces
water from the source of supply to the faucets by direct air pressure. It stores com¬
pressed air, which is the power that forces the water from the cylinders of the pneu¬
matic pump. This stored air is reserve power, making it necessary to operate
the compressor only occasionally ; therefore the motor, engine, or whatever power
employed may, in the meantime, be used for other purposes.
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Easy to install and operate.
The Perry System is adapted for open or driven wells, lakes, rivers or springs.
Economical in operation. Endorsed by architects and engineers. Fully guaranteed.
Write for descriptive catalog.
UNITED PUriP AND POWER CO.
473 ODD CODON Y BUIDDING, CHICAGO.
What Can Be Done With Swamplands
Swamplands can be reclaimed and made profitable by intelligent fertilization.
They will produce good corn, onions, potatoes and hay. Their productiveness is
not only increased, but maintained
By Using POTASH on Them
Use ioo to 200 pounds of Muriate per acre for corn, and the same amount of
Sulphate for onions, potatoes or celery. Drill in 75 pounds of Kainit with seed
to drive away root-lice or cut-worms.
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GERMAN KALI WORKS. Inc.
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FRUIT GROWERS SAW COMPANY. Scottsville. New York.
THE HAMILTON RESERVOIR
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Positively
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t means death and destruction when it comes. Why take chances ? You owe it
as a sacred duty to your family to guard them and their home from the fateful
and terrible lightning. Don’t delay. There is certain, absolute protection in
Be DODD SYSTEM
of Lightning
Control
causes three out of four fires in the country .
statistics of fire insurance companies.
Insurance companies urge you to protect your home
with the Dodd System of lightning protection. It is a
matter of business with them. It saves them three-
fourths of all their fire losses.
Tens of thousands of buildings are protected by
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It should be a matter of love and duty, as well as
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2000 insurance companies (Mutual and Old
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Delay May Be Fatal! Act Now!!
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what you have at stake. The rods are erected once for all. It is a permanent investment, adds but slightly
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genuine D.-S. rods. See that it is on the system you buy.
It will pay you to read our great Lightning Book, a book you can understand. Makes everything
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DODD & STRUTHERS,
437 CtU Ave., Des Moines, Iowa
Standard
Copper
Cable
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at
the
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West Dodd Originator
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Benjamin Franklin, Originator
of Lightning Control
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 1,
THE CHESTNUT IN THE SOUTH.
I was very much interested in the ar¬
ticle appearing on page 226, wherein
Prof. Van Deman offers some excellent
advice to some one writing from Run,
Texas, as to the advisability of planting
the Sober Paragon chestnut. Having
considerable practical experience in the
cultivation of the chestnut in the South,
I will add my views. About 15 years
ago I procured from a nurseryman in
San Francisco half a dozen Japanese
chestnuts, imported stock. They grew
very thriftily, and today are upwards of
40 feet in height and measure 42 inches
in circumference. They bear prolifically
every year, and when the Summer is dry
they mature their fruit, which is very
large, one nut easily covering a silver
dollar, and coming often three in a burr.
But right here is where the uncertainty
arises. If July is a wet month, the
moisture collects in the partially open¬
ing burr, and the nut sours, and the
crop is a failure. So I can only say that
Prof. Van Deman has given sage advice.
Now, one word more: I know from ex¬
perience that your paper has an enor¬
mous circulation among a very intelli¬
gent and inquiring class of people, and I
would advise them that I am only an
enthusiastic amateur horticultural
“crank,” and have neither trees nor nuts
for sale, and very little time to answer
questions. c- J* EDWARDS.
Louisiana. _ ____
The Tin Can System.
The interesting account of the Hope
Farm man as to the “tin can” system of
feeding the people in Florida encouraged
me to tell what has been done in other
lauds to introduce the vegetables of tem¬
perate climates into the home of the orange
and the pineapple. A son went out to loi-
mosa five years, ago and found that vege¬
tables were scarce except in tin cans, and
potatoes that were taken over from Amoy.
Being a determined youth, not easily daunt¬
ed he set about making a garden, and be¬
ing a farmer’s son, with a natural love for
such things, he has put in seed of all the
vegetables that grow in the northern home
garden, sending here for the seed. He
has been writing all Winter, while we are
snowbound, of eating green peas fresh from
the garden in January, of corn and toma¬
toes. spinach and beets, cauliflower and all
the soup vegetables and salads so plentiful
as to be given away. For the land is rich,
and everything grows luxuriantly, in a
country where rice and pineapples and tea
are the staples. After a visit to the south¬
ern part of the island he wrote that they
had no vegetables there but potatoes and
cabbage, and I should not be surprised if
his example spreads so as to do away with
tiie tin can system to a large extent among
the foreigners settled there, the natives
living largely on rice. There are many
drawbacks to success, for the large white
ants, and other formidable insects, are
ready to devour, and the hot, scorching
sun soon dries up the plants if water is
withheld for even a short time. Yet he
has planted fruit trees and many orna¬
mentals, and sent home for cuttings of
hothouse as well as outdoor grapes and
currant bushes. The grapevines stood the
10,000 miles of travel well, and are grow¬
ing luxuriantly, but he finds it hard to
keep the currant bushes alive, as they like
coolness and moisture. The canning of
vegetables is a useful industry, of which
we are all glad enough to avail ourselves,
but the excessive use and dependence upon
them in a farming community indicates a
lack somewhere, for there is nothing better
for health than a free use of vegetables,
home-grown and fresh from the soil.
ANNIE L. JACK.
Terms of Contract.
Will you please tell us if this contract
signed by both parties before witness can
be enforced, the custom of this part of the
country being to change farms on April 1.
The contract reads as follows :
“The said owner hereby leases to said
tenant his farm situated on -
for the term of one year from and after the
first day of March, 1910, under -
- - conditions.”
In spite of continual urging on the part
of the owner, the said tenant did not move
in until about April 1 and now claims his
year does not expire until April 1, 1911,
although he signed contract to vacate one
year from March 1, 1910. H. H.
In this contract the data would gov¬
ern rather than local usage.
Where can Fruit be Sold ?
I have a 20-acre Elberta peach orchard
in southern part of Arkansas. It will
bear in a year. When I first set it out,
orchards were popular, but the last two
years no one can find market for their
fruit (all the fruit is canned). Some of
the farmers sold bad fruit and small meas¬
ure in the cans. I judge they have got
the reputation of the country down. How
can I secure a sure market for my canned
peaches? Of course I intend canning fine
fruit, but I would like to have an under¬
standing with a company before canning
fruit. One farmer went out on the road
with sample case, and failed to sell. Would
it pay to ship fruit farther north than
Kansas City? How could I find the name
of companies who handle fruit in different
cities? It does not seem reasonable to
destroy an orchard for want of a market,
but a good many people are digging them
up around here. w. m.
Talihina, Okla.
R. N.-Y. — Can any reader help in this?
Where can a market for this fruit be
found ?
Moke About Manure Spreaders. — As to
the merits of a manure spreader, I could
not get along without one. In 1896 I
bought one, not quite new, used it for 12
years and spread about 5,000 loads of ma¬
nure and three carloads of lime with it.
In 1908 I sold this one for the same price
it had cost me originally, and bought a
new one the same year. Both hold 50
bushels. The new spreader receives the
same care and usage as the old one, that
is, I oil all parts well, keep it clean and
house it. The cost of repairs on the old
spreader has been less than $5 during my
ownership ; there have been no repairs so
far on the new one, though it has handled
400 loads of manure every year and one
load of lime in 1910. Mine is rolling land.
I top-dress meadows, using a team of horses
weighing 1100 pounds each, and by making
use of the grades and descents of the land,
find the work not at all hard for the team.
1 have spread as much as 30 loads per day,
two men loading. I recommended the spread¬
er to a friend, a large farmer ; he bought
two of the same make as mine, and pro¬
nounces them an absolute failure. Ignor¬
ance was trumps in this case. H. H. L.
Rockland County, N. Y.
. 14 -
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THRESHERS
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Whether you thresh your own gram
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Send for catalogs of Threshing Machinery,
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A. B. FARQUHAR CO.. Ltd., Box 614, Yorls.Pa.
Agents Wanted
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MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept. WBO CHICAGO
NO TIME TO LOSE
There are Flowers and
Many Kinds of Plants
That You Must Attend to
IN THE SPRING
NOW IS THE SEASON
To learn all about the Special Value of
We are very enthusiastic about having
you know how our seeds have been care¬
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seed 15 cents packet.) WRITE TODAY.
J.M.THORBURN & CO.
Dept. Y
33 Barclay Street, New York.
1 £ DHCrC Guaranteed tf 1
lOnUijLj to Bloom $1
We want to prove to you that here are
“the Best Roses in America,” sold on
their own roots, direct from America’s
foremost propagators. Different spe¬
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very riot of gorgeous loveliness. Sent
postpaid 011 receipt of price. 1911 Floral
Guide FREE.
TIIE CON Alt 19 A- JONES CO.
Rose Specialists — 50 years’ experience
Box 4-D, . West drove, l*a.
RAPEVINE
Large stock. Best varieties. Best Grade.
Guaranteed true.
SPECIAL OFFER.
We will send, postpaid, 10 strong, hardy, two-
year-old GRAPEVINES — best varieties, red,
wliite and black — for $1.00. Just tiie kind
for planting around the house, along fences, or
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Old Vines For SI.OO. Will bear year after
^ planting. Our valuable hook, how to plant
. and prune, free with every order. Mention
,tliis paper and we’ll add free one new,
large, red currant.
_T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY
Grapevine Specialists
JI50 Central Are., FreduoU,H.T.
““ Established 41 year*.
_ GRAPEVINES
69 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, ete. Best Root¬
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price-list free. I.klt IS KOESCH A SON. lior K. KrrdonU, S. V.
1,000,000
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Excelsior and Tennessee, only $1,50 per 1,000;
Warfield and Cardinal, only $1.75 per 1,000;
Sample, Stevens and Gandy, only $1.98 per 1,000.
Glen Mary and ‘40 other varieties also cheap. 20-
page Illustrated Catalogue sent free to anyone.
Address:
S. A. Y1RDIX . . . Hartly, Del.
- - - - UnillBOU vnuvt
Black-Eyed Peas, $3.00 bushel.
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND . . Milford, Del.
STRAWBERRY PUNTS-Sef”,Sr mlffi
Red Raspberry, only $5.00 per 1,000. Asparagus of
a very fine strain. SLAYMAKER & SON, Wyoming, Del
When you write" advertisers 'mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
‘‘a square deal.” See guarantee page
Judge the merits of Sea Green or
Purple Roofing Slate by any test of service
you please — it’s the host roofing obtainable.
Compare its imperishable qualities,
strength, handsome appearance or all ’round
satisfaction with any other material you
can think of — and you’ll agree that it would
still be the cheapest roofing you could buy
even if the first cost was many times
greater than what it Is.
For, while a well laid roof of
Sea Green or Purple
Roofing Slate
will cost a trifle more in the beginning than
shingles, iron or felt. It will save you more in
money, repairs and anxiety from the day it is laid.
Besides this— a Sea Green or Purple Slate Roof
enhances the value of any building. It cannot
crack, warp, blister or leak; is spark proof, water
tight; cannot decay, rust, retain snow, ice or im¬
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as solid rock.
If you want the best roof that any amount of
money can buy— tell your roofer to use Sea Green
or Purple Slate.
“Roofs” the Booklet, Mailed Free
Tell us the name of your nearest Roofer and our 16-pacre
Booklet "ROOFS.” giving many valuable and helpful hints
on the selection of roofing materials, will be roaiicd FREE.
The American Sea Green Slate Co •
( Roof a That Never Wear Out)
fjjREKA Planters
Plant corn, beans,
peas, beets, etc.,
and drop in hills
or drills any
quantity, dis¬
tance apart or
depth desired
Three styles for
one or two rows.
Plant; Uniform
depth, cover properly and mark for next row. Absolutely
no skips. Distribute fertilizer up to 80Qlbs. per acre. Solti
In large quantities for 18 years. Prompt shipment from
branch bouse near you. Ask for FREE catalog.
U EUREKA CULTIVATOR AND
\ SEEDER
\ /vVl M.do In 3 sizes,
\ 8,10 sad 12 H.
Weeds and
cultivates.
Sows and cov¬
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alfalfa, oats, etc. Renews old meadows.
Price is low and will pay you large profits.
EUREKA MOWER CO., BOX 864, UTICA, N.Y.
Noll’s Tested Seeds
EACH YEAR OUR BUSINESS GROWS— SO DO OUR SEEDS.
A TRIAL MAKES YOU A PERMANENT CUSTOMER.
SPECIAL OFFER-PRIZE COLLECTION
NOIL'S Early Short Top Forcing CARROT, NOLL S
Early Prolific White Spine CUCUMBER. Champion of
all LETTUCE. Bribetaker ONION, Scarlet Turnip White
Tipped RADISH. SEND six two-cent stamps to cover
postage and packing and receive SEEDS POSTPAID,
together with beautiful 112-page GARDEN to id FLOWER
BOOK (250 illustrations) Fr e
J F. NOLL, 186 MULBERRY STREET, NEWARK, N. J.
Potatoes — liovce, Carman, Cobbler, King, Longfellow, Queen,
Murphy,Ktwo?6-W’ka’ Wonder. 85 kinds C.W. Ford, Fishers^’. Y.
Sweet Potato Plants
list free.
prices on 5000 lots,
W, S. FORD & SON, Hartly. Del.
SALESMEN WANTED ^/WJIS8
Free outfit. Commission paid weekly. Write for
terms. PERRY NURSERIES, Rochester, New York
Surplus Berry Plants 50,000 Cuthliert, 25,000
Snyder; 2,000,000 Strawberry Plants; 500 bushels
Hastings Potatoes; ■Currants, Gooseberries, Grapes,
Asparagus, Rhubarb, Roses, Vegetable Plants, etc.
Send for free catalogue and Surplus List.
L. J. FARMER, Box 20, Pvi.aski, N. Y.
NEW ENGLAND CORN GROWERS l
The Coe-Mortimer Grand Prize of $500
FOR THE MOST PROFITABLE ACRE OF
FIELD CORN IS OPEN TO ALL OF YOU
It makes no difference whose fertilizer you use, or how much per acre.
The Plan of Competition is given in The Rural New-Yorker for March 4th. Read it and get
ready to compete. The Details of the Competition will be managed by The Massachusetts Corn Show
of which Prof. Wm. D. Hurd, Amherst, Mass., is secretary.
Copy of plan and onr handsome Memorandum Booklet sent free on request. (Competition will
close on or before November 1st, 1911.)
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers of the Celebrated
E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS
& PERUVIAN BRANDS
24-26 Stone Street
New York City
1911.
<THED RURAL, NEW-YORKER
483
SLAKING A CARLOAD OF LIME.
IF. H. P., Mumford , N. 1'. — What is the
most practical way to .slake a carload of
quicklime? I wish to put it on at the rate
of 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per acre. How
can it be distributed evenly? If put on
with a drill it will have to be screened.
It is not an easy matter success¬
fully to slake quicklime for use on the
land, and be sure of having it applied
in. just the condition one wants it. We
have tried depositing a carload of quick¬
lime in a temporary shed, and adding to
it enough water to hydrate or water-
slake it. Most of the lime crumbled sat¬
isfactorily, swelling up, of course, and
this bulged the side walls of the shed.
But the worst difficulty was in spread¬
ing it. It would be a big undertaking
to screen a carload of water-slaked
lime, so that it could be successfully
handled in a lime spreader, or even a
fertilizer drill. Our men tried to spread
it from wagons, but the fine • powdered
lime which they inhaled, and which clung
to their necks, faces a»’ * hands, made
the job almost unbearable. Hydrated
lime is quite caustic in contact with the
human skin, and the successful way to
handle it on the land must be without
getting the man who handles it into thfl
dust that it makes.
We have not tried spreading lime with
a manure spreader, although I would
expect that it could be successfully
handled in that way under some circum¬
stances. The manure spreader would
have to have a layer of straw or other
litter in the bottom on which to place a
few inches of the lime for spreading. By
weighing the amount of lime put into
the spreader and adjusting the spreader
to a certain number of loads per acre,
one could apply the amount of lime re¬
quired.
It should be remembered that in hy¬
drating lime takes up 18 pounds of water
for every 56 pounds of quicklime. This
is approximately one-third of the weight
of quicklime added to it in water. The
most practical way we have found to
handle quicklime and get it distributed
in finely divided form on the land de¬
pends somewhat upon weather conditions.
One should attempt to put the lime on
the land when there seems to be a pros¬
pect of at least three days of weather
without rain. To put on 1,000 pounds
per acre, the quicklime may be placed in
the field in piles averaging 25 pounds
each, and two rods apart each way. .This
will make 40 piles to the acre. It will
take good judgment in driving and in
shoveling out the lime to do this. The
moisture of the air will gain access to
the lime placed in small piles quite
readily, and as a result it will slake and
crumble in a very few days, depending,
of course, upon the dryness of the air.
I have seen it slake quite thoroughly in
five days of very dry weather. One
should watch the sky and plan to have
the piles spread, even though not com¬
pletely slaked, before a shower comes
on. Usually there is at least a light
breeze blowing. The man who spreads
the lime should use a long-handled
shovel, and keep on the windward side
of the lime he is spreading. With the
piles two rods apart it is a comparatively
easy matter to spread each pile over an
area one rod in each direction from the
pile. Should the lime be soaked by rain
before it is spread it is likely to become
pasty and difficult to spread. A light
shower on the lime piles is not likely
to spoil them for good, spreading. To
spread 1,500 pounds per acre one should
increase the size of the piles a little, so
that there will be from 35 to 40 pounds
in a pile. I know of no more practical
way to apply fresh burned lime to the
land than this. There are a few lime
manufacturers who grind up their quick¬
lime so that it may be spread with a
distributer. The grinding of the lime,
of course, increases the price per ton
one must pay for it. edw. r. minns.
One of the best ways to slake lump
quicklime, wanted for immediate use on
the land, is to.. place it in a large pile
handy to a water supply, and to water-
slake it. The pile should be built up
four to five feet high, and a hole left in
the middle of the top. Pour water into
this hole so that it will settle well down
into the pile. This will develop a heavy
steam that will penetrate the pile. Care
should be taken not to add too much
water, or it will make a paste. It is
better to add water a second time when
necessary. If the steam does not reach
the edges of the pile the lumps there can
be slaked by sprinkling with water by
means of a water can. If the lime can
be placed on the soil several weeks be¬
fore it is needed it may be slaked in
small piles where it is to be spread. The
lumps should be placed in piles of a
bushel or two, so distributed over the
field as to give the quantities per acre
that are wanted, and then the piles be
covered with soil to shed off rain. By
opening into a pile every few days it will
be possible to tell when the lumps have
crumbled. If the piles are left uncov¬
ered, and heavy rain occurs, it is likely
to make a pasty mass that will not
spread. • chas. s. phei.ps.
Connecticut.
The teacher was giving the juvenile
class a lesson in punctuation. “What is
that?’’ she asked of a small pupil, point¬
ing to a period. “That,” answered the
little one, “is the lid off an ‘i.’ ’’—Credit
Lost.
Little Ben’s father caught a bat in the
barn and brought it in to show to his
small son, asking him what he thought
it was. “Oh, papa ! said little Ben ; “it’s
an angel mouse !” — Melbourne Leader.
Blobbs : “The widow always gets her
third, doesn’t she?” Slobbs : “I believe
she has to get her second first.” — Phila¬
delphia Record.
“They call the big liners ocean grey¬
hounds. I wonder what they’ll name the
aeroplanes?” “Skye terriers, probably.”
—Judge.
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WELL DRESSED
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Woodhull,
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200 West Willow
Street
SYRACUSE,
N. Y.
CLOTHCRAFT
Clothes that Assure Women’s Approval
EVERY man, whether he knows it or
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A man whose wife was critical of his clothes an¬
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Founded 1850 — Oldest American
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635 St. Clair Ave., N. W. Cleveland
CIDER PRESSES
THE ORIGINAL MX. GILEAD IIY.„
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434
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 1,
SUMMER PRUNING APPLES IN OHIO.
J. H. II., Mingo Junction, 0. — Would it
be wise here in Ohio to practice the same
methods in pruning on apples that I saw in
the West and Northwest? Last Fall, while
on a tour of most of the western fruit belts,
1 noticed they nearly all Summer-pruned
their apple trees as we do our peach trees
in the Spring, by clipping off about one-
third of new growth. It was done in July
in Colorado and farther north, as in the
Kootenay country around Nelson and Cres-
ton, B. C., it had been done a little later.
The largest and finest-looking apples I saw
anywhere were in the Kootenay region, but
as the Yellow Transparent was the only
one ripe I could not judge the quality.
They certainly had the fruit, and on trees
only three and four years set. Fruit of
the same varieties ripens later all over the
West than in Ohio, but invariably began
bearing younger. I have Baldwin and Spy
here 17 years planted, 25 feet high, 30 foot
spread, that have practically borne nothing.
I get too much wood and not enough fruit,
and wish to reverse it. I now have my
orchard in sod mulch.
Ans. — Summer pruning or “pinching”
of apple trees is not considered prac¬
tical, among our leading Ohio orchard-
ists, therefore very seldom practiced.
Where an orchard owner can devote his
entire time to a comparatively small area
and especially desires early fruitage of
his trees, it is possible that the time of
fruit bearing may be hastened somewhat,
though the results are not always just
as satisfactory as could be desired. I
understand that this is, in a measure,
true of some of the sections in which
the practice of Summer pinching is fol¬
lowed, though I shall not attempt to
discuss that question. There are proba¬
bilities that Summer pruning, under con¬
ditions existing in Ohio, will introduce
certain troubles which might overbal¬
ance all anticipated advantages. Where
the bacterial disease of twig blight or
“fire-blight” exists — and it is very prev¬
alent in various sections of Ohio — I
should certainly hesitate to do any
clipping of growing shoots, as the small
wounds left by so doing afford most
inviting points for infection. The time
at which this disease appears and the
length of the period during which it is
active depend largely on the weather
conditions. Past experience has caused
me to hesitate even to follow the usual¬
ly advised plan of clipping off the dis¬
eased twigs as fast as the blight ap¬
pears; for, with movement of insect
life, new inoculation is so often effected
at the point at which the branch is
cut, even though one take the precaution
of sterilizing the tool with which the
pruning is done, that the remedy applied
often only aggravates the trouble. Twig
blight often extends for several weeks of
the growing season, if the weather be
rainy or the atmosphere humid, and
Summer pruning certainly is an alluring
invitation to twig blight. Again, if the
new shoots be cut back too soon in the
season and a rainy period of weather
follow later on, the chances are that the
new buds, instead of developing into
fruit buds, will push out a second
growth of wood which cannot properly
mature before the Winter season and
will be injured or killed by the cold.
In this case the desired effects of the
Summer pruning are not only lost, but
the result is the wood growth is
left in a much less desirable condition
than had no cutting or pinching been
done. Therefore the character of the
season in which Summer pruning would
be done has much to do with the re¬
sults, and no one has the means of
knowing, far in advance, what an Ohio
season will bring forth in the way of
weather conditions. The subject of
pruning is an extensive one, and it would
be useless to attempt to fully discuss
any single phase of it within the scope
of a short article.
The correspondent states that he has
Baldwin and Northern Spy trees only
17 years old, measuring 25 feet in height
and with 30 feet spread of branches.
This is ample proof that the trees are
growing on land rich in nitrogenous
matter. Such soil will almost invariably
force a rank growth of wood with little
tendency to form fruit buds. Moreover,
the varieties, Baldwin and Northern
Spy, are quite tardy in coming into
hearing under the conditions named.
However, when trees do begin to bear
under such conditions they are usually
abundantly fruitful. These varieties
planted on soil containing plenty of
phosphorus and potassium with only
enough nitrogenous matter to insure a
moderate rate of growth will come into
bearing much sooner than on rich soil.
Such varieties as Yellow Transparent,
Wealthy, Jonathan, Rome Beauty and
Wagener, on land of moderate fertility,
will come into bearing much sooner than
Baldwin and Spy; indeed as soon as the
trees are large enough to be allowed to
bear fruit. On the thin, steep slopes of
our southern Ohio hills, apple trees be¬
gin to bear very early — in some cases
before they should — and the trees, as a
rule, on this character of soil, will not
be long lived. They will have passed
their prime under the age of 25 years,
and will have to be replaced. This is
only true of trees on the light, thin
soil to which I especially allude. Such
trees need very little pruning except to
keep those branches cut out which tend
to close up the center of the tree — there
is little wood to spare either for Winter
or Summer heading in.
J. H. H. might well experiment in a
small way with root pruning, either by
plowing very deeply to cut some of the
roots, or by encircling a tree or two
with a trench, cutting the roots with the
space as they are found. This trench
should be cut about as far as the ends
of the branches extend. I know of an
orchard in southern Ohio, on rich soil
along the Ohio River, which made so
rank a growth for several years that no
fruit buds formed. The owner deeply
plowed the orchard, cutting many roots
of considerable size. The result was
that his trees, checked temporarily in
their wood growth, formed a heavy crop
of fruit buds and bore prolifically
thereafter. After a tree once begins to
produce fruit freely the drain on the
tree incident to fruit bearing at once
restricts wood growth and the tree is
likely to remain productive thereafter.
If the orchardist had the matter of
moisture under his control and were
reasonably certain of weather conditions,
as are the residents of the districts
where irrigation is necessary, he could
with more safety avail himself of Sum¬
mer pruning ; but, with conditions as
they are in Ohio, he runs a risk and has
little encouragement in practicing Sum¬
mer restriction of his growing trees.
This is not saying that Ohio is at a
disadvantage in comparison with some
of the Western States. We have ad¬
vantages in other respects not enjoyed
by the far Western States.
F. H. BALLOU.
Lime After Potatoes.
I have a piece of land that I wish to
seed to Alfalfa. 1 put 20 bushels of stone
lime to the acre last Spring, slaked with
water, put it on floury. We are now
husking the corn off it. I. intend to plant
it in potatoes in the Spring, then to Al¬
falfa in the Fall. 1 intend to give it 20
bushels of lime again. Should I lime it
before I plant potatoes or lime before I sow
Alfalfa? f. T.
Pennsgrove, N. J.
Your plan is good except for using lime
Just ahead of potatoes. Never do that. The
lime will increase the scab and about spoil
the crop. Dig the potatoes and then use
the lime and sow Alfalfa.
Trap Nests for the Flea Beetles.
.1 would like to ask L. A. F., page 330,
if he has made any trap nests for the flea-
beetle. A few years ago the garden
huckleberry was distributed and we found
the flea-beetles ravenously fond of it.
Planted near tomatoes and potatoes the
damage was much less than usual, while the
“huckleberries” were so covered the fruit
could not mature. It seemed as if every
beetle in the neighborhood had located
them. If this idea of using the otherwise
useless “huckleberry” as a trap is prac¬
tical, could they not be destroyed while
feeding by cutting down the plants and
placing in water and kerosene?
Maine. F. c. curtis.
R. N.-Y. — The Wonderbcrry would be a
wonder for such a trap-nest. Tt is a spe¬
cial pasture for the beetles. Who can tell
us about such trap-nesting?
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Is our Registered and com¬
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cannot be rightfully applied
except to goods of our
manufacture.
If a dealer tries to sell
you a camera or films, or
other goods not of our
manufacture, under the
Kodak name, you can be
sure that he has an inferior
article that he is trying
to market on the Kodak
reputation.
If it isn ’t an Eastman,
it isn ’t a Kodak.
EASTMAN KODAK CO.,
Write for Kodak 387 State Street,
catalog— or ask a
Kodak dealer .
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In every roll of Con¬
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This year we will
guarantee thousands of
roofs all over the coun¬
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this basis. Fac-simile of
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One thing the guarantee forces
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We make doubly sure that every
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Another detail is the nailing. To
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We should like to send every reader of this
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MARKET GARDENERS’ PAPER
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Market Growers’ Journal, 541 Walker Bldg., Louisville, Ky.
Bees on the F arm
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THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Box 65. MEDINA, OHIO
A BEAUTIFUL FARM FOR SALE in the finest fruit
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Wicomico County, Maryland.
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Tj'OR SALE — Farm of 135 acres, well watered; ten*
A room house; two barns, 52x24 and 24x28; granary,
hen-house and hog-house: all nearly new. On*< find
one-half miles from railroad town. Price, $2,500,
one-half cash. HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Owego,
Tioga County, New York.
VIRGINIA FARM FOR SALE
Very fertile farm of 150 acres. Netv seven room
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Orchard of 100 full hearing apple trees. Only one
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HARRY M. HLTBBELL, Warrentown, Virginia.
WANATEE-florida
I Where fortune* are made on small farms
. foSpvgrowing Oranges, Grape Fruit and Veg-
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HU NORFOLK. VA. DEPT. A
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKEiJ
435
farm $45.70. It was proposed to use
four tons of carbonate of lime per acre.
This is the ground limestone. This
lime costs at the quarry $1.75 per ton.
The freight on each ton from the quarry
to Long Island is $2.89 for each ton, so
that a ton costs delivered at the station
$4.64, or $18.56 per acre for the lime and
$185.60 for the field. It was proposed
to use on the 10 acres eight, tons of
basic slag. This costs $16 a ton in New
York, and the freight $2.20 more, or
$18.20 a ton each, and eight tons on the
10 acres costs $145.60. We have, there¬
fore, the following table to show the cost
AN OHIO FARM BOY AND HIS FRIENDS. Fig. 146.
falfa so as to sell it at a profit of $9
or $10 a ton will wonder why these Long
Island farmers do not move out West,
where most of these expenses might be
avoided. The answer will be the same
as most usually given in such cases ;
“There is no place like home.”
Ball Game for the Peach Crop.
The peach situation in Texas is pretty
much like a game of baseball, with the crop
on one side and “favorable conditions” on
the opposing side. The bloom has reached
first base safely, but the crop has three
more bases to run before it gets homo, if
the shouts of the rooters are to ring out
INTERESTING THE BOY.
In every issue of The R. N.-Y. we try
to say something about Alfalfa and par¬
cels post. These are to have a mighty
influence upon the future of , this coun¬
try. We must remember, too, that the
future which we refer to rests in the
hands of the children. Whatever we
can leave behind us will be made worth
while, if at all, by the little ones —
now gaining their first views and im¬
pressions of life. We do not therefore
like to have an issue of The R. N.-Y.
appear which does not contain some ref¬
erence to the children. The Ohio boy in
the picture is being started right. As
long as he lives he will remember the
farm and the wholesome work he
did to make it worth living on. No
finer thing can be done in the country
than to give a lot of children a happy
childhood and a clean, industrious and
hopeful view of life. Where can you
do it to better advantage than among
growing things — plants and animals?
COST OF TEN ACRES IN ALFALFA.
Much has been said now about grow¬
ing Alfalfa in the East. Farmers must
realize that this is an expensive crop to
get going on many of our farms. Of
course there are soils where Alfalfa
easily fits in and where it is compara¬
tively easy to start the crop. Often,
however, these locations are not the
places where Alfalfa is most needed,
and it seems to be true that where one
starts in to fit Alfalfa into a farm where
it would do the most good he must ex¬
pect to pay the full price. For example,
we have the figures showing the cost of
starting 10 acres of Alfalfa at the west
end of Long Island, where this crop
ought to be most useful for feeding
cattle. Here are the figures as worked
out by a farmer:
On this land corn was grown last
year and it has been well manured this
Spring. To seed the 10 acres there will
be required 20 pounds of Alfalfa seed
per acre at 15 cents a pound. This
means $30 for the field. One bushel per
acre of the beardless barley is recom¬
mended by the Alfalfa experts, which
will cost $1.25 per acre, or $12.50 for
the field. The freight on the above
amounts to $3.20, which makes the cost
of seed delivered at the Long Island
of seed, lime and phosphate for a 10-acre
field :
Seed . .$45.70
Lime . 185.60
Phosphate . 145.60
Total . .....$376.90
Out of this total of $376.90 must come
$140.40 for freight, and yet this Long
Island field is located only 20 miles from
New York City. Some of our Alfalfa
farmers in. the West will smile at these
figures, and think them all out of pro¬
portion, yet the figures are exact and
show to a cent the cost of preparing this
land in order to follow out the advice of
the Alfalfa experts. Some of the West¬
ern farmers who are able to grow Al¬
at harvest. In our little simile the ball will
represent our spirits, soaring with a fly-ball,
firm with a liner and drooping with a
grounder, and which when batted about
will mean some severe jolts, but it is made
to last through the game, and as it lands
safely in a pla.ver‘s hands the impact is
mild, when patience is exercised. There
will be no unfair decisions in this game
that can be ascribed to “bad luck,” for our
good umpire’s word is final. If the coachor,
whom we will call Old Boreas — the heating
pot— can rattle and baffle the pitcher, who
is .Tack Frost of old-time fame, the crop can
steal second base shortly, and the shouts
of the rooters in the form of little
peaches will burst forth ; then, • if the
batter can succeed in getting to first on
balls, a good deal of time will be gained
for the crop to steal into third base safely,
provided the runner has been properly
trained — pruned and fertilized — and the
short-stop doesn’t trim him up on the run
and see-saw him for a few anxious moment?
between an April cold snap and favorabh
April showers. The run to home will b>
the hard final battle. Drought or hail, o:
unseasonable weather in the shape of a
“strike-out,” or insects or disease, or care¬
less cultivation and spraying in the shape
of reckless base-running, or an alert catch¬
er on to his job may mean a “put-out,”
while the improper marketing may mean
“side-out” before our runner reaches home
I do not expect that the batters will make
any “home runs,” for it’s too early in the
game ; the sides are evenly matched now,
and it is likely with a cold, late and wet
Spring the game will be unduly prolonged
and the spectators, who are peach-eaters,
kept at the point of anxiety until about the
seventh inning, which the almanac says will
occur in June. In the interim, if the play¬
ers are careful, we will have just “ordinary
ball.” After then the chances are the op¬
posing side will lose interest in the game
and the encouragement of the grand-stand,
who eat peaches, will do much towards add¬
ing to our final victory. But it will be an
interesting game. victor labadie.
Texas.
Lime and Potatoes.
On page 186, under heading of “A Dis¬
cussion of Lime,” you say : “Much will de¬
pend on the crops you grow. If it be
potatoes the annual use of lime will cause
too much scab.” Ought lime to be used
at all on new land where potatoes are to
be raised? We bought a farm last Novem¬
ber and plowed at that time 10 acres of
new land (worthless mowing land) which
we propose to plant to potatoes. It is
hard clay land which has probably not
been plowed in 20 years, and gives evi¬
dence of being very sour. We proposed
putting on stable manure and 1,000 pounds
of air-slaked or burned lime to the acre,
and then use a good grade of commercial
fertilizer in the hill. f. s. s.
Rhode Island.
Wo would not use lime anywhere when
potatoes are to be planted. Some few re¬
ports indicate no trouble from scab, but
our general advice is keep lime away from
potatoes.
Flax Diseases. — The failure of the flax
crop in the Northwest is a serious thing to
many industries, as the oil is used for
making many articles. The flax crop failed
because attacked by root diseases. The
North Dakota Experiment Station has found
that the spraying of the seed with formalde¬
hyde will largely destroy the germs of this
disease, and they are going at it in the most
practical way to induce farmers to use the
remedy. Among other things a circular has
been issued entitled “Who Could Help Save
the Flax Crop of the Northwest?” It is
said that 30,000,000 bushels of seed can be
used to advantage next year, and that every¬
one in North Dakota should help save the
crop, from the seedsmen to the newspapers.
All should tell the story of spraying the
seed with formaldehyde, and how to do it
to the best advantage. Linseed oil is used
in making paint, oil-clotli, printer’s ink and
dozens of other necessary things, and this
wholesale plan of education is commendable,
and only one of many practical things which
the North Dakota people are doing.
Corn Grown at
Spartanburg,
South Carolina,
on Ground Blasted
with
IMS
RED CROSS
DYNAMITE
Yield Increased 33%
Reference — Col. E. J. Watson
U. S. Commissioner of Agriculture
Columbia, S. C.
Write for “ Farmer’s Handbook ” — Free
E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS
POWDER CO.
Established 1802 WILMINGTON, DEL., U. S. A.
430
TH EC RURAL NEW-YORKER
A pril 1 .
When you write advertisers mention The
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“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
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Heaviest Galvanizing
We make 160 styles. Horse
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Bargain Prices r
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■ — - Forl8-ln. 14 8-4* for 22-in. Hog “■ ' "
Fence ; 1 5e for 26-1 nch ; 1 8 8- 4 e
for S2-lnch; 25e for a 47-inch
Farm Fence. 48-inch Poultry |fc=
fence 28 l-2c. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
48IH.FJ?oaE 25c
Best high carbon coiled steel
wire. Easy to stretch over
hills and hollows. FREE
Catalog — fences, tools. Buy
from factory at wholesale
prices. Write today to Box 67
MASON FENCE CO* LEESBURG, O
FROST
WIRE FENCES I
Extra Heavy Weight Farm Fences. Built
for service and satisfaction. Quality '
first consideration. Beat material *nd
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Wire or Field Erected Fences. I
Ask vour dealer. FRKF catalog. ,
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
to.pt. H Cleveland, O.
Free
Write Today
We have issued an attractive book on
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We will send a copy of it fi-ee to every
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It is full of Hay Loader information
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It shows wliy the “(tearless” is the
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LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL.
TREATMENT. OF OLD ORCHARD.
M. H. T., Oswego, N. Y. — I have two or¬
chards, in all about 250 trees, probably 40
years old. They are in fine shape, but
have never been sprayed at all. I do
not know whether I have any San Jose
scale, as I have only owned this farm for
two years, and never had any experience
in orchard work before. The treeg are most¬
ly Baldwins and Greenings and the land has
always been pastured to cattle ; never been
plowed that I know of. The land is rather
stony and hard to plow, the soil is gravel,
well drained. This Spring I wish to spray,
and don't know what to use. From what
I have read the lime-sulphur is very hard
to make, and as I am situated I don’t be¬
lieve it would be possible for me. The last
two years there has been no crop to
speak of hereabouts ; in 1909 I got about
800 bushels of good, bad and indifferent
apples that netted me $275. In 1910 I
did not get any. In 1908 there were 370
barrels and 700 bushels of other apples
selling at 35 cents per 100. The fruit in
1909 (the first year I was here) was knotty
and wormy, and inclined to be small. What
few I got in 1910 were large, but wormy
and were rotten in spots when picked. The
trees are healthy and vigorous. Can you
advise me what to use as spray and whether
it would pay me best to buy some prepared
mixture or make my own? I suppose hogs
or sheep would be better for trees than
cows, but as my other pasture is poor I
require the orchards for them, unless I
feed in Summer, and I am in such circum¬
stances that I must keep cattle to live on.
Then, too, I have no place to house sheep in
Winter, though I can buy the ewes at $5
a head from a fine flock just now. I have
no hogs at present, but intend to buy a
few pigs in Spring. Pears do very well
here and seem to be surer of crop than ap¬
ples. I have been thinking of setting a
piece of about one-half acre to trees in
Spring, but neighbors say set pears, as
apples take so long to mature. How would
it go to set some late maturing apples, like
Northern Spys, 40 feet apart and pears
as fillers between them? Wouldn’t they
be over their usefulness before apples were
large enough to interfere with them? W’hat
varieties do you think would be best for
my soil in apples and setting as I spoke
of? Bartlett, Clapp’s Favorite and Seekel
in pears are favorites here, and Baldwin,
Greening, McIntosh Red and Spy in ap¬
ples. How many gallons of unadulterated
fluid will it take to spray my orchard three
times ?
Ans. — The proper thing to do with
these orchards is first to prune out the
dead wood and enough of the live wood
to give the remainder a chance to de¬
velop good, strong fruit buds. Follow
this with thorough spraying, using both
lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead, and
follow the directions as given in the bul¬
letin published at Cornell University.
Spray whether there is any fruit in sight
or not, the idea being to keep the foliage
healthy so that the trees will accumulate
a force that will produce fruit. As to
the soil treatment, you need to increase
the per cent of humus in your soil. There
are two ways that you may do this, cover
the ground with stable manure, plow
and cultivate, and sow cover crops, which
is an expensive method ; or use the mulch
method, which when properly used I am
firmly convinced is the better way, viz.,
to cover the ground lightly with stable
manure, allow what grass there is to
grow, mow it rather high, and let the
aftermath cover the ground. Each year
with this treatment your per cent of
humus will increase at a minimum cost,
also the constant shading of the mulch
will improve the mechanical condition
of the soil. Do not pasture the orchard ;
the stock eats up the aftermath and com¬
pacts the soil by constant walking, espe¬
cially when wet, both practices being very
detrimental to the proper mechanical
condition of the soil. If this man’s hobby
is live stock it will be hard for him to
make a success of apple growing. The
successful apple grower of to-day sees
a big apple in front of him in his mind
almost constantly. Fair a guess 200
pounds arsenate of lead and 100 gallons
of commercial lime-sulphur would an¬
swer for spraying orchard of 250 trees.
Do not mix pears in with apple plant¬
ing. Spy, Greening, McIntosh and
Fameuse are four good varieties for your
section. grant g. hitchings.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.
Building an Icebox. — I wish to make an
Icebox, and would like to be advised which
is the better, a packed "box with charcoal
or sawdust, or one with air space. Would
two air spaces about 1% inch be better
than one air space three inches?
Taunton, Mass. ■ w. b. e.
A COMBINATION everybody is talking
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The David Bradley patent FORCE DROP alone is a feature which places
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We can always supply promptly any repair part for any Bradley
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- SEARS. ROEBUCKchicmo -
Ay . I—
One Animal and Three Hogs
to an Acre
THIS is a fair estimate of the average feeding ability of
the soil. On a farm of 80 acres the highest limit of
efficiency is 20-acre fields. Large fields diminish the
earning power because two small fields alternated will furnish
much more support for stock than the same average in one big
field. The fence is the important factor; and with the liberal
use of gates, unlimited extension and alternation is simple.
The steel in EHwood fence is specially
made from carefully selected stock.
It is hard, elastic, tough and springy.
The line wires, composed of two or
more wires twisted into cables, give
each individual wire the shape of an
elongated, coiled spring. The fence is
therefore sufficiently elastic to take
care of expansion and contraction, and
yet so rigid when properly stretched
as to prevent sagging. The small and
permanent mesh is made by weaving
one continuous wire throughout the
fabric. Tiie mesh or stay wires are so
interwoven that slipping is impossible.
The triangular truss is the strongest
form of construction known. For this
reason. Ellwood fence will stand the
hardest usage and still retain its
shape.
Ellwood Fence is sold in your town. Euwkoofd deaf¬
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prices. Get his expert advice on your special needs. He is on the spot,
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for your money.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Co.
Chicago New York Denver Sarr.. Francisco
Sendfor copy of “Ellwood Fence News," profusely illustrated, devoted to theinieresls of farmers and show¬
ing how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm. Furnished free upon application.
1811
THE R.UR.A.L> NEW-YORKER
437-
ORIENTAL PEAR STOCKS.
E. S. Black’s advice to “go slow” in
using Oriental pear stocks for grafting
our varieties on is well given. In 1888
I received through the H. H. Berger
seed house at San Francisco one pound
of Chinese Sand pear seed, and one
pound of seed from Japan. Both were
planted and quite a number of young
trees resulted. The Chinese Sand were
the more thrifty; when three years old
several hundred of these were top-
grafted about four feet from the ground.
For two or three years they grew nicely,
but as stated by Mr. Black, the graft
grew much larger than the stock. About
the fifth year the tops began to show
something wrong, and by the eighth
year all were gone. Some of the Sand
pears not grafted are living yet, and
sunflower seed, which is very oily and
rich, is relished by poultry and stock,
and we are told that in eastern Europe
and Asia the seeds are roasted or
parched, and eaten just as we eat pea¬
nuts. We have no knowledge of sun¬
flower seed flour; we judge it would be
extremely oily. The sunflower commonly-
used for human food is the Jerusalem
artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus, which
has escaped from gardens to become a
weed in many parts of this country.
The roots, either boiled or pickled, are
liked by many, but the plant multiplies
so rapidly that it soon becomes a nui¬
sance in the garden.
GROWING RASPBERRIES.
Fig. 147 shows a family affair in
Michigan where raspberries are grown
as a market crop. These hushes are
about as they should be at picking time
after good pruning and clean culture.
Where one can get good pickers, rasp-
bear every year. One of them is
very fair pear for preserving purposes.
I tried grafting on a few Kieffer trees,
but with no good results. On the other
hand I set some hundreds of grafts on
our- -native __-stocks (top-grafted) and
have nice bearing trees. I grafted some
Sand pear scions on the Garber (a
hybrid) and these grew well and bear
every year. Just why the natives will
not do on the Orientals we cannot tell,
but our experience wras on a scale to
tell. The work was carefully done and
90 per cent grew right along for several
years. I used scions of quite a number
of our better pears, but all were served
alike. * j. H. haynes.
Indiana.
MILKWEED, DAHLIA AND SUNFLOWER
FOR FOOD.
E. D. R., Pouyhkecpsie, N. Y.— I am send¬
ing you a clipping from a local paper about
milkweed, sunflower, and Dahlia bulbs be¬
ing delicious food. Will you tell me where
to get the kinds mentioned if possible?
The common milkweed, Asclepias Cor-
nuti, plentiful in fields and low grounds,
is freely eaten as “greens,” the rule be¬
ing to break off as much of the stalk as
will snap, both leaves and stalk being
cooked. People who like milkweed
greens continue to eat them through the
season, gathering the tender growth as
it is renewed. The inquirer should be
able to find plenty of this milkweed wild
in his locality. The Dahlia referred to
in the newspaper clipping is described
as “the single red variety.” Practically
all our garden Dahlias come from one
original species, D. variabilis, though
the cactus Dahlias are descended from
a sub-species, D. Juarezii, but it does
not seem likely that the quality of the
root will vary greatly in different gar¬
den varieties. However, single Dahlias
grow very readily from seed, which may
be procured from any seedsman, and
would thus be cheaper for a food sup¬
ply than the fine named sorts usually
grown from tubers. We have tasted
boiled Dahlia roots, and frankly own
that their sweetish aromatic flavor was
not agreeable to us, but palates differ.
We have been told that chemists extract
a Dahlia sugar from these roots, which
has some special medical quality, but
have no exaot knowledge concerning it.
The newspaper clipping referred to
speaks of a flour made from sunflower
seeds, one of the native sunflowers of
the Western prairies being used. Of
these we have no knowledge, the sun¬
flower ordinarily used in stock feeding
being the large Russian variety. This
Fig. 147.
berries will pay fairly well. In our own
section we find it hard to get the crop
picked. People will handle strawber¬
ries, but do not like to work among
"briers.” We should be careful to make
sure of the pickers before setting heavily
to raspberries.
“That man is a fanatic about temper¬
ance, isn’t he?” “Yes. I knew him
once to leave a farm where he was to
spend the Summer because he met the
farmer’s son driving the horses to
drink.” — Baltimore American.
Are Y ou Awake
To Opportunity •
"C'VERY man, sometime or other, has
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but the great difficulty is knowing when
it comes and being convinced to act.
The Buckeye
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The Buckeye Traction Ditcher Co.,
Findlay, Ohio.
A RASPBERRY FIELD IN MICHIGAN.
Invincible Pumping Out!
42
ONLY
I
rpoN’t
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HARD THIS
SUMMER.
4-Cycle
Air-Cooled—
A Combination of Hired Man and Hired Girl
THERE
BETTER LITTLE OUTFIT MADE
THE
and in order to obtain a pumping motion without adding" to the num-
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of 1- to 1. # Ihus it requires only two gears to accomplish the same result that
r . others obtain by the use of four or more gears. This gives a slow speed shaft
r from which all ordinary hand power machines may be driven. A washing mu-
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gear by one of the pump rods and driven direct, obtaining the same motion that
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Using a slow speed pulloy, it is especially adapted for running a Cream Sep- ^
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,'8 sufficiently light to be readily moved about and its simple construction enables
Ithe women folkstp understand its operation in a very short time,
i ..THE SLOW SPEED FEATURE is of special value and not found in
other enginea It relieves the necessity and expense of pulley jacks to reduce
speed, ns is necessary in nearly all other enginea The readiness to operate it
on high speed machines by simply moving the belt from one pulley to another
can b© appreciated only by those who have had experience with single speed engines.
The Handiest, Most Convenient Lillie
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FOR LIGHT WORK ON
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i fc
pect, as above mentioned,
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l having two speeds that adapts it for nearly all light i EF 03I82-INYINCIBLE PUMPER,. com-
* work on the farm without additional expense ofiP ? pumP 3uck, and otherwise as described,
1 pulleys, jacks, reducing gears, or other extras. ,fc W15h°utpump, at factory in Penn- JiO Qr
Changing from one speed to the other simply 8ylvania‘ ^rice .
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Nineteenth and
Campbell Streets,
Kansas City
lont^omeiy Ward
CHICAGO AND KANSAS CITY
149
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ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
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2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
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Champion Potato Machinery Co.
151 Chicago Ave., Hammond, ind.
CAROLINA
AN IDEAL FARM
AND HOME IN
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O A O T Thousands of Acres— Rich,
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Address W. W. CROXTON, G.P. A.. Norfolk
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SPRAYERS
Tesi
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SIKAYER for big growers. Most powerful
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spray that prevents blight and kills bugs.
Trial Casts You Nothing
MANPOWER SPRAYER shown below sprays
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The H. L. Hurst Mfg. Co.
2315 NORTH ST., CANTON, OHIO
HORSE-POWER
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This ad will not appear again
in this paper.
E. H. HEARD
1327 Erie Street. Buffalo, N. Y.
438
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 1,
Hope Farm Notes
1 have no doubt that certain classes
of men will promptly agree that The
R. N.-Y. does its share in naming the
fakes and frauds who lick their chops
at the sight of a farmer's dollar. It may
be thought that while we lash out at the
fakes or rascals we do not praise the
good men. There might be some justice
in such a criticism for, in spite of all
you may say, there are more good men
than rascals in the world. Some cold¬
blooded expert may say that it is no
merit for a man to live a clean and
helpful life, since it is his plain duty to
do so. I have no time to discuss that,
but there is one man who deserves a
word, from me particularly, while he is
with us. That man is Jabez S. Wood¬
ward of Niagara County, New York.
1 saw Mr. Woodward the other day'
just before lie left for a trip to Ber¬
muda. Here is a man long past TO
years, born and raised on a farm, and
always a plain farmer. One of the last
of the “old guard’' — a mere handful of
men who, through long years, kept alive
the little spark of interest in farm edu¬
cation. I have read of the Mexican and
Indian temples wherein picked men
watched constantly to keep alive the
sacred fires. Through day and night,
joy and sorrow, year by year as the
seasons changed, these devoted watchers
fed the fire and never let it die. When¬
ever I see such men as Mr. Woodward,
Professor Roberts or S. D. Willard I
think of those who kept the sacred flame
alive and left it for a younger genera¬
tion. For this “old guard” laid the brick
and stone broad and deep, and they did
their work so well that the great edifice
which we now see going up need not
fear for its foundation. Perhaps you
never stopped to think of it, but the
real test of the work which we and
younger men are trying to do will be
tested by its strength as a foundation.
Unless we can do something so well laid
and strong that others can come and
build upon it with confidence and hope,
our work will not amount to much.
While the farming public owes a debt
of gratitude to men like Mr. Woodward,
I feel that I owe a personal debt as well.
Some 25 years or more ago 1 came to a
crisis in my life. A crisis means oppor¬
tunity. A chance came almost within
reach of my hands. I think the man
who held it hesitated a little. Now Mr.
Woodward was in a position where by
going a little out of his way he could
bring influence to bear by saying:
“Try this young man — give him a
chance!”
That is just what he did — and the op¬
portunity was mine. I have always
claimed that all any young man needs
or should have is fair opportunity.
That means test of body and brain and
character. So I owe my chance to Mr.
Woodward, and 1 want to say so while
he is with us to know it. As he goes
across the ocean to sunny Bermuda may
happiness and cheerful spirit and pleas¬
ant memories go with him !
Tarring Corn. — Every year there is
a discussion over the question of tarring
the seed corn to keep the crows from
pulling it. Here comes the first one :
I have seen in farm papers directions for
putting coal tar on corn to prevent the
crows pulling the young plants. Put the
corn in a fertilizer sack, put the coal tar
on the corn, tic the sack, let the boys
tumble the sack about. The job is well
done. Add ashes or land plaster, tie the
sack again, tumble it ; the corn is ready
for the planting. o. b. k.
Canaan, N. Y.
That will do it. Our plan formerly
was to warm the corn in a bucket, pour
in the tar and then take a big iron
spoon and stir. When one arm gets tired
you take the other, and then come back
to the first one and try again. The bag
method probably means less work. The
tar on the corn has disgusted the crows
at Hope Farm except one year, when
they pulled the corn — tar and all. I
never could imagine what took the taste
cut of their mouth that year, but the
fact is the tar did not work. In other
years the crows pulled a few hills, spit
out the tarred seed and went to the
woods and called me every name they
could think of!
I have a lot of natural fruit apple trees
all the way from one foot up to four and
live feet high to set out in the Spring.
When is the best time to graft them, when
they are set out or a year from that time?
Which is better, saddle graft or split
graft? How far apart should they be?
Maine. e. l. h.
Our plan is to graft the seedlings
where they grow and not try to trans¬
plant them until the graft is well estab¬
lished. We think this will pay better
than transplanting and then grafting. We
use a split graft. There are over 50 to
be transplanted this Spring. The grafts
were put in a year ago and have made
good growth. We dig up with a fair¬
sized root and transplant as quickly as
possible. Our apple trees are set 32
feet each way. In a few cases we use
fillers between these row's.
The Hope Farm Man is to be congratu¬
lated upon arriving home safely with the
“Jersey,” and now we feel that he is badly
needed at Washington in rounding up a
certain bunch of wild animals, l. L. H.
Our friend goes on to say that this
“bunch of wild animals” means the vari¬
ous gentlemen who oppose a parcels
post and similar things which farmers
need. The Hope Farm man resigns the
job before he is elected or appointed.
Some years ago 1 ran for Congress in my
district, and 1 failed to detect any over¬
powering desire to have me go to
Washington. 1 was defeated so badly
that the leaders were out of sight. You
will have to get some one who can run
better than 1 can. At the same time
I think our struggle with the Florida
cow indicates the way we must get
parcels post. We shall have to drag
our Congressmen right up to the rack.
My cow did not want to go, but I
wanted her to. She pushed back every
step, but she got there finally with her
gallon of milk. I am in favor of rop¬
ing these Washington gentlemen right
around the horns and pulling them up to
their duty. We must use a rope of
twisted votes. What I mean by “twisted”
is wound and strung together by a cast-
iron resolve that w'e will never vote for
another man who will not absolutely
guarantee to work for a parcels post.
That’s my position — under no circum¬
stances whatever will I ever again vote
for a dodger or an enemy of parcels
post. I am one strand in the rope. Can
-l get 100,000 more? Will you be one?
If we can get such a rope around their
horns they will have to come.
I would consider it a safe bet to go in
debt for a good farm if I could find some
one who would buy one and then lease back
to me for six per cent on their money
plus the taxes and insurance. 1 would set
out an orchard, improve the land, treat it
as my own and have the privilege of
buying it at the cost price several years
hence. They would not get any more from
a railroad bond when it came due, and
have no margin of increased value as af¬
forded by the orchard to offset my failure
to take up the option. Hut where to lind
that party? The woods might be full of
people who have, say §5,000 to invest, but
who would more likely fall into the hands
of our “Knight of the Printed Circular.”
J. u.
Acting the part of financial expert or
money lender is very “foreign to my *
nature,” but 1 suppose an investor would
reason about this way: “If 1 put my
money into a standard bond I can feel
secure. 1 get my interest regularly and
know the investment is safe. I can get
the cash at almost any time by selling
the security. On the other hand, if I
lend money on the proposed apple*
orchard 1 am not sure of anything. If
the borrower die or become discouraged
the property is thrown back on my
hands. A half-developed orchard will_
not sell readily, and 1 must either take
hold of it myself and work it out or
expect to have dead capital on- my
hands.” .
That would not apply in some sections
where fruit growing is an established in¬
dustry, but in many places it would. As
for the wildcat and fool propositions into
which people put their money, the
orchard would pay better and be safer.
Very likely some investors would be
better off if they had to work it out.
1 have heard all sorts of methods for
raising farm capital suggested, but here
is a new one to me:
I would like to got in touch with an
elderly respectable woman or man who
has the money and willing to help a young
couple to buy farm stock. We will give
to said person a permanent home at very
reasonable rate of board, and good care
and all to make an old person happy and
comfortable. Can give best of references.
Lehigh Co., Pa. A subscriber.
I never heard of that before. But
speaking of raising capital for farming
it is a legitimate offer. I should not
care to try either side of the arrange¬
ment, but it might be possible to make
a fit. h. w. c.
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Nitrogen
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fertilizing.
Nitrate of Soda
is the cheapest and most available
form of Nitrogen for all crops.
The Cost of Available Nitrate,” Sent Free
«« ^
It is worth dollars to you. In this book Prof. Voorhees
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$17,000,000 on the cost of nitrogen in 1909. Address
Dr. William S. Myers , Director of Propaganda 71 Nassau Street
No Branch Offices NEW YORK
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and be compelled to pay to your landlord moat of
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Supt. of Immigration. Ottawa. Canada, or
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Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
_
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Unito Gas Engine
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Farm Fence
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— mck bottom prices.
Perfect poul try. gar¬
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extra close woven at
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The United Factories Company consists of a number of factories co-operating under one selling
head, to deliver direct to consumer— The Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Write today for our
Big Book explaining the plan that will save you. money, mentioning articles interested In.
The United Factories Company, Station A-3U Cleveland, Ohio
1911.
THE RURA.E NEW-YORKER
439
Ruralisms
Early-bearing Quinces.
I. (No Address). — What quince be&rs the
youngest and which the best?
Ans. — The Orange quince is one of the
earliest to bear, and the Meech and Van
Deman are also early bearers. All these
three are practically equal in their bear¬
ing qualities, which are good and regular,
but the latter is later than the others.
H. E. VAN DEMAN.
Clematis from Seed.
C. H. B., Connecticut. — Can you give me
a few points on growing the large-flowering
Clematis from .seed?
Ans. — The seed heads should be gath¬
ered as soon as ripe, and stratified in
sand until the following Spring. The
seeds are then sown in light sandy soil,
and placed in gentle heat until they ger¬
minate. This is usually done in the
greenhouse, but we have heard of a mild
hotbed being used for this.
Ants in Mushroom Beds.
31. (No Address). — I have started some
mushroom beds, and they are badly in¬
fested with the common ants. What can I
do to get rid of the little pests, also other
small white louse-like quick little creatures?
Ans. — Ants are sometimes very trou¬
blesome in mushroom beds. The sim¬
plest method we have ever found for
getting rid of them is to lay fresh bones
around the infested places. They will
leave everything to feed on these, and
when thus accumulated may be easily
destroyed. T. m. white.
Left-over Lime-Sulphur Mixture.
What shall we do with concentrated
lime-sulphur that has been held over for
a year?
Ans. — This preparation usually keeps
very well, and can be used after stand¬
ing a year or more. If exposed to very
low temperatures, however, some of the
sulphur may be precipitated, but the
clear solution left would still be per¬
fectly good, only weakened. The usual
directions for diluting concentrated
lime-sulphur, that is, one gallon to 10
gallons of water for San Jose scale, and
one gallon to 35 gallons of water for
Summer spraying, apply to preparations
that test 32° or more on the Ban me
hydrometer. If, therefore, material that
is carried over from one season to the
next has crystallized or precipitated, the
clear solution should be tested with the
hydrometer, and if it runs below 32°
it should be used with less water. For
dormant spraying, the water should be
reduced by one-half gallon for each de¬
gree below 32, and for Summer spray¬
ing, one gallon for each degree below 32.
WM. M. SCOTT.
Department of Agriculture.
Pruning Wistaria.
A. 8., Qasport, N. Y. — Will you tell me
how to prune a Wistaria? It was trans¬
planted to its present situation nine years
ago this Spring. It has grown to the top
of the house and the ends droop from the
roof where the stems are fastened. There
are no leaves within 12 feet of the ground
and it has never blossomed. I have a
young vine started; how shall I treat that?
Ans. — The Wistaria should be pruned
as soon as flowering is over. The Spring
flowers are produced on spurs, the scat¬
tering second bloom in August or Sep¬
tember on the current year’s terminal
shoots. We have had a Wistaria refuse
to bloom until it was set 15 years or
more, so the inquirer’s nine-year-old
vine does not seem so very dilatory;
still it is discouraging to the planter.
Some individual plants seem more pre¬
cocious than others. Pruning back to
spurs every season induces freedom of
bloom, and is, we believe, usually done
in Japan, where they excel the world in
the beauty of their Wistarias. But per¬
sonally we would not try to prune a
Wistaria ; when let alone it assumes
such a gnarled and picturesque beauty
that it makes up for tardiness in bloom¬
ing. A young vine will not start off
with a strong growth unless the ground
contains plenty of fertility, for though
the Wistaria will grow in light soil it
enjoys that which is deep and rich. It is
a deep-rooting plant, and is often half
starved by being set in a sterile place,
as for example near a porch or the wall
of a house where an excavation has been
filled in with poor subsoil. It will pay
to dig out a large hole and fill in with
rich soil before planting.
Larkspur and Medicinal Herbs.
L. F., Leonid, N. J. — Will you give me
some information regarding larkspur seed?
I would like to know how to plant it, how
to prepare the soil, when to plant, how to
cultivate, how to reap and when, also what
kind of seeds to use, as we would like to
use it for medical purposes. Also let me
know what other kind of medicinal herbs I
could plant that would give a large crop on
a small piece of ground.
Ans. — Our experience is limited to the
ornamental Delphiniums, annual, biennial
and perennial, which thrive in any good
garden soil, but prefer a sunny location
in rich, deep sandy loam. Seeds may
be started in the house or hotbed in
February or March, transplanted as
they need room, and planted out when
danger of frost is over. Such plants
will give a few flowers in the Fall, but
we find it better to sow new-crop seed
in August or September, which gives
good plants to carry over Winter, if
watered during dry weather, and there
is plenty of bloom the next season.
Perennial larkspurs are also propagated
by cuttings. Most of the larkspurs are
actively poisonous, the variety mostly
used medically being D. Staphisagria, or
stavesacre. Its chief use is in destroying
insect parasites. It is a handsome an¬
nual or biennial plant, native to the
south of Europe; we would treat it just
like the ornamental larkspurs referred
to above, giving it an open sunny spot
and clean culture. The seed heads should
be cut when dry, but before they shat¬
ter and dried, thrashed out and cleaned
like mustard. We doubt whether there
would be any demand for other varie¬
ties than the stavesacre; we believe most
of this seed is imported.
The growing of herbs is very interest¬
ing, but we do not think it very re¬
munerative where the only outlet is
through the botanic druggists. If a
man has facilities, through his other
lines of trade, for selling green culinary
herbs he may do better. Common gar¬
den herbs of both medicinal and culin¬
ary value are sage, thyme, savory, mint
and peppermint, all of which grow lux¬
uriantly with little care in our own gar¬
den ; tarragon and marjoram seem to
need more care. Purely medicinal (and
very ornamental) are foxgloves (Digi¬
talis) and monk’s-hood (Aconitum),
both deadly poisons; wormwood (Arte¬
misia); hyssop; Lobelia inflata ; tansy;
camomile, valerian ; dill ; horsemint
(Monarda); origanum; boneset ; laven¬
der (though we have hard work to get
much growth on lavender in a garden in
this inquirer’s locality). This list could
be much extended, and a very interest¬
ing “physic garden” secured, but * we
doubt whether large returns could be
expected through the ordinary channels
of trade. Perhaps some one engaged in
the work can give us definite informa¬
tion.
BATTELLE RENWICK
163 FRONT STREET, NEW YORK
POWDERED SULPHUR
“BROOKLYN BRAND”
LARGELY USED BY ORCHARD! STS AND FOR
SPRAYING PURPOSES
"ONE, FOR All* No. 1
VJ- OWTH TO IN»CCT* 4 ruNOI
Barrels. 425 lba_ _ - at. |g,
>^Bbli..20Glbs_^.
SO IK- i | i I, «yf “
' 25 Iba^
r O. O NEW YORK;
Wool Greaxe, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur
Combined. A Contact and Poison Spray.
Aft Insecticide & Fungicide./
OnlyThing Needed For all Pests or FungtaC
WRITE FOR BOOKLET.;
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY
EarabjiVB.d 1983
$llFront Street New YorN
PEAR
PSYLLA
it
Tlie worst enemy of the Pear growers can
not be controlled with lime sulphur, but
99
used in the Spring just before leafing will not only
control the Psylla hut San Jose Scale and all
fungus troubles controllable in the dormant season.
PRICES: In barrels and half barrels, 60c per gallon; 10
gallon cans, 86.00; B gallon cans, $3.26; 1 gallon cans, $1.00.
Conclusive proofs in Booklets, "Orchard Dividends ” and
“Modem Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing
Apples.” Both free.
If you want cheap oils, our “CARBOLEINE” at 30c
per gallon is the equal of anything else.
B. G. PRATT CO., Mfg. Chemists,
BO Chnrch St., Netv York City.
SPRAY
fruits and field crops
with best effect — least ex¬
pense— less time, for big¬
gest profits. No other
sprayers as good as
Brown’s Hand and Power |
AUTO¬
SPRAYS
_ _ _ 40 styles, sizes and prices |
. , -- spraying guide In our
book, sent free for name on postal.
Choose any auto-spray — it is guar-
anteed to satisfy youcompletely.
Used by the U. S. Government and
State Experiment Stations .
•na 300,000 othere. AutoSpray No. 1 — ideal outfit I
for 5 acres of potatoes or 1 aero of trees. Auto*
Spray No. 11 for larger operations. We hare Qas-
olino and Traction Power Auto-Sprays for largest 1
orchards and fields. W rite now for valuable book.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
28 Jay St., Rochester, N. Y.
Q DP A V Adopted by the N.Y. State Fruit Growers’ Asa’n
OrnAI IT WILL PAY YOU TO USE EITHER.
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS andAGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
BIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE AN » INSECTICIDE
— , USE
r
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
14 BAYVIEW AVE..JERSEY CITY. N.J.
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED-
Spray Now
for the Codling Moth. By the time
the majority of the petals have fallen
the eggs of this moth have hatched
and the worms are crawling toward
the calyx end of the tiny fruit, where
they will enter if not prevented. A
thorough spraying fills the calyx cup
and protects the fruit by poisoning
the insects. The best results are ob¬
tained by spraying with
Sherwin-Williams
New Process
Arsenate of Lead
because it is rightly made. It is not
an acid arsenic preparation, but a
thoroughly neutralized paste formed
of Arsenic and Lead. This prod¬
uct contains practically no free ar¬
senic and therefore will not burn the
most delicate foliage. It is flocculent,
stays wellin suspension and throws an
even and poisonous spray which ad¬
heres to the foliage for months, mak¬
ing it very economical for the fruit
grower. Send for our spray book.
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
G35 Canal Road
Cleveland,
Ohio toia
Sent free, “Spraying , a
Profitable investment.''
Spray 30 Acres a Day
Potatoes, Small Fruits, Vines
Spraying that counts. 6 rows at a time with force to do
work right. Foliage sprayed all over, under as well as
on top. The Perfection Sprayer is also great at orchard
work. Spray trees by hand. Eusy to maintain 15»
pounds pressure with two nozzle, going. Strong 60
gaUon tank, perfect agitation, absolutely best spray
pump made. Spray pipes fold up— you can
drive close to trees and in narrow places.
Over 23 years a sprayer builder. I know re¬
quirements, and I know the Perfection is
right. Over lOOO In use,
all giving satisfaction.
Write for Free Catalog.
Don’t bny any sprayer
'"'it comes.
THOMAS
PEPPLER
Box 45,HigMstown,H.J.
SPRAT
’Watson OSPRAYMO 4- ROW
High Pressure Potato Sprayer
Never damages foliage, but always reaches bugs, worms, and
other foliage-eating insects. Has all improvements,— adjustable
wheel width, spray and pressure instantly regulated. Capacity 80 to 40
acres a day. free formula book. Send for instruction book showing the
famous Garfield, Leader, Empire King and other sprayers.
FIELD FOKCK PUMP CO., 2 Kleventh St., Klmlra, N. Y.
Fruit Sprayed with
Bowker’s** Pyrox”
UlOrG HlOnGV ^>ecatlse ^ ^ree fr°m injury by worms,
® " scab, etc. Over 300 testimonials in our
new catalogue show the great value of this preparation on all kinds of fruits
and vegetables. Pyrox serves two purposes ; it kills insects and prevents dis¬
ease and blemish. It adheres to the foliage even through heavy rains, saving
labor and cost of re-spraying. Perfectly safe. It is all ready to use by mixing
with cold water. Every grower who seeks fruit and vegetables free from
blemish needs “Pyrox,” the “one best spray.” It
“Fills the barrel with the kind they used to put on Top”
Send for new catalogue with photograph of sprayed and unsprayed fruit in
original colors. Will convince the most skeptical. Say how many and what
kinds of fruit trees, or how many acres of potatoes you have to spray, and ask
for special prices. We ship from Boston, Baltimore, and Cincinnati.
ROWlfPP INSECTICIDE COMPANY,
D\/ TT XY X!j XV 43 CHATHAM STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
440
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established, 1850.
Pnblliked weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, Hew York,
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or 8^ marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timr
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash must accompany transient orders.
“A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in our columns, and any such swmdlerwill be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorkee when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
Let’s see, President Taft and Secretary of Agricul¬
ture Wilson were to begin a campaign to educate the
farmers on “reciprocity.” The President made a
speech. and the Secretary gave out an interview. Since
then a great silence has fallen upon them. Can it be
that they have learned at last that the farmers of this
country mean to think and act for themselves?
*
Before the end of April the Interstate Commerce
Commission will probably decide a question of ex¬
press rates which will have a great bearing on the fu¬
ture. There will probably be a great overhauling of
express rates and we hope the Commission will go to
the bottom of the matter. The law passed last Winter
gave the Commission power to act. The way the rail¬
road rate question was settled makes us hopeful that
the express companies will get just what they de¬
serve — no more, no less.
*
No doubt about it, some of the apple growers begin
to shake their heads over the outlook. Trees are
being planted by the million — many of them in the
most business-like way. What can be done with the
fruit when all these trees come in bearing? If we
assumed that everyone now had fruit enough there
could be but one answer to the question. As it is, not
one person in 10 living in our cities has all the apples
he wants. Go into any town and ask the people you
meet at random about this. They all want more
apples — at a fair price. This would mean a living
price to growers if they could in some way deal more
directly with consumers. There would be a good de¬
mand for twice the apples anywhere in sight if dis¬
tribution could be arranged so as to let the people
have them at fair prices. All these people who are
planting apples are more than interested in analyzing
the consumer’s dollar. That will .be even more im¬
portant than the orchard.
*
A littee thing, very simple in itself, may often
make a great difference in a large business. Such a
thing is the steamer for plant bed soils shown on the
first page. Gardeners will tell you how much they
have lost by trying to start their young plants in
soil which is full of weed seeds and disease germs.
The Southern tobacco grower who turns over a piece
cf ground in which to start the plants and the North¬
ern farmer who sows late cabbage seed after spad¬
ing the soil under a bonfire knows the value of
clean soil. This idea of a heavy iron pan bottom
side up to hold the steam over the loose soil is sim¬
ple enough and is just as effective. The steam, un¬
der pressure, kills weeds and germs and leaves the
soil just right for seeding. Mr. Shamel says he got
his idea of this from using a wagon box with cloth
spread over it. This steaming pan is a perfect suc¬
cess, and should be brought to the attention of all
who raise seedlings.
A few years ago most people regarded the mos¬
quito pest as they did a cold wind or a hot sun.
About all you could do was to endure it and pro¬
tect yourself. Now we know more about .the pest.
It cannot breed except in stagnant water. If there
are no dead ponds nearby most of us get our
supply out of old tin cans or tubs left where they
will be partly filled with water. Half a dozen
such cans will populate a farmhouse for the season.
The adult mosquito which will be responsible for
this year’s crop has probably wintered in your house
cellar. When the days grow warm she will come
out, hunt for stagnant water, and lay her eggs. A
thorough fumigation with Jimson weed right now
THE RUR_A.I> NEW-YORKER
will kill many of these adults. Eight ounces of
powdered Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) will
fumigate 100 cubic feet. With this cellar fumigation
and emptying all vessels and puddles which might
hold water, the mosquito pest will be cut down by
75 per cent. A few will blow in from other lo¬
calities, but the home crop is the worst.
*
Plant corn! Plant corn! Plant corn!
That advice does not cost you anything extra, but
it may mean a lot of money. No matter what reci¬
procity does to potatoes, hay or milk, it cannot mean
greater imports of corn. Canada is not a corn produc¬
ing country. The Canadians want our corn. There
are still thousands of old pasture or meadow lands
at the East which as they are, barely pay taxes. The
meadows are kept alive by using fertilizers, but the
grass is old and cannot yield much. The pastures
give little, and are getting more and more foul with
brush and weeds. It will pay to plow as much of this
old sod land as you can handle well and plant corn,
using some fertilizer to start and harden the crop.
In this way you can get a good crop of grain and
stalk and get the ground in shape for grain or re¬
seeding. We have taken these old grass fields, worked
them into corn in this way and seeded to rye in the
corn — working lime in at the last cultivation. This is
the quickest and easiest way we know of to help out
the grain supply on many an Eastern farm. These
old fields have been accumulating plant food for years.
Corn is just the crop to take it out for you.
*
Those articles by Chas. R. White on cooperation
are valuable because they give the experience .of a real
farmers’ association. It must be evident to everyone
by this time that the surplus middlemen will never
voluntarily give up their share of the consumer’s dol¬
lar. It is just as true that the Government cannot;
even if it were willing to try, put more of the white
meat of that dollar on the farmer’s plate. The his¬
tory of business development shows that organization
is the foundation of success. In the nature of the
case it is harder for farmers to get together than for
merchants, railroad men or manufacturers, yet we
must learn to do so if we expect to get our share.
Farm organizations seem to be more successful in the
West, largely because the people in a new country do
not have such deep prejudices or suspicions as in
older sections. It seems evident that there can be no
successful organization unless a few strong men are
willing to practice self-denial and patience. No man
who is easily discouraged should undertake the job.
*
The conviction is growing among farmers who
have really studied the question that there should
be in this country a political party much like that
in Germany known as the Agrarian. That repre¬
sents a group of legislators or public men who
labor first of all to obtain justice for agriculture.
These men may take sides with one great political
party or the other on many public questions, but*
when it comes to the farm and farming they act
together solidly for what they believe will best help
their business. Acting in this way the Agrarians
have been of great service to German agriculture.
It needs but a moment’s ‘thought to see how such a
pa,rty .would help American agriculture. In this
country our public men are either Democrats or Re¬
publicans. There may be a few “insurgents.” but,
generally speaking, the things which vitally affect
agriculture are mixed up with other “demands” or
“issues” and decided on party lines. What real chance
has the farmer under such an arrangement? His
business is wide and diversified and his friends are
unorganized. The other interests are compact and
organized, and under the present division of party
lines they can always get first choice of legislation.
Tf we had a party or group like the German Agrarians
our farmers would have a far better chance. In
this country, for more than a century, our people
have been trained to divide on certain party lines
so that it has been impossible to settle some of the
great agricultural questions on their true merits. As a
result the farmers of Germany, France, England and
Canada have secured far more favorable legislation
than American farmers enjoy. Politically the
farmers at ,the North have been chiefly concerned
in keeping up the Republican party, while Southern
farmers have in like manner carried the Democratic
party. When men spend their lives toiling for others
their own job is neglected. That is just what has
happened to the farmers of America. We need
a party or a ‘group of men in public life who will,
first of all, act like the German Agrarians to give
agriculture a fair showing with other industries. Our
farmers do not want special privileges, but they do
want fair treatment. We might as well conclude
that under the present division of political thought
we shall not get it.
April 1,
“Tariff reduction” as illustrated by the Canadian
reciprocity agreement seems to mean free trade in
farm products and just as little reduction on manu¬
factured goods as is' possible. If this plan is carried
out to the end our farmers will face serious com¬
petition from Argentina. That country is developing
rapidly, and is producing wheat, corn and meat in
large quantities. It is the only country at present
which promises to compete with our farmers in the
production of corn. Several shipments have already
been made and more will follow. While Argentina
has a fertile soil and good climate, her two chief ad¬
vantages are Alfalfa and liberal land laws. During
the past 20 years it has become almost a national
policy to encourage the cultivation of Alfalfa. It is
often a part of the terms of contract or sale of land
to immigrants that Alfalfa must be grown. The re¬
sult of this has been cheaper meat production and
more fertile soil. The time will surely come when
the nation which encourages the growth of clover and
Alfalfa will have a clear advantage over rival nations
which do not foster these crops. The land laws of
Argentina are framed so as to attract the best class
of European immigrants and give them a fair chance.
The country has been developed on the theory that
agriculture represented the foundation industry and
was therefore entitled to first choice and first place
in legislation. Thus it appears that our main com¬
petition in .farm products is to come from Canada
and Argentina — two countries in which farmers have
more practical help than our own government affords,
and actual financial help as well.
*
We doubt if there has ever been a time in the his¬
tory of this country when greater efforts were made
to sell land in “colonies.” The mails are full of the
most plausible statements which lead a man to think
that for a few cents a day he can buy a farm of
strong land in an ideal situation. The most glowing
offers are from the South. Usually the promoters se¬
cure a tract of land on tax sales for a few cents per
acre and offer it at $25 or more. We may take as a
typical case an offer recently made to advertise a
tract of land in The R. N.-Y. The cash for the ad¬
vertising came with the order, and it was mild and
reasonable in statement. After an investigation we
refused the advertisement and returned the cash. We
learned that the land in question was really strong
and fertile. Compare it as soil with the land on most
northern farms and it. would show to great advantage.
“Shipping facilities” were also good, as the land lies
close to two large railroads. There can be no doubt
that early vegetables and fruit can be grown on this
soil by those who know how to handle it. Thus far
the claims of the promoters were fair, but they
did not go on and tell the more important things
which an immigrant should consider.
Go to church or Sunday school in this section and
you would find people yellow as an orange, children
that did not jump and play, and great sad eyes that
looked out of fever-stricken souls. For this good soil
and good shipping location was in a low, fever-
stricken district where a northern man would lose his
energy within a year. He would go there high in
hopes, based on the business possibilities, only to face
a sure struggle with fever and disease. Some men do
fairly well in this district. They are strong enough to
become immune after years of sickness or they are
able to live in the mountains during the hot and moist
Summer months. The average northern immigrant
cannot do this. He must stay on his land and work
out his home. We could not conscientiously put such
a proposition before our people, though the men back
of the land sale are well known and the claims are
not extravagant. This is but one case of dozens
which have made it necessary for us to take the stand
we do regarding colony land sales. There are no
doubt cases where a change of location would help a
farmer but we have yet to find a “land boom”
scheme which we can recommend. Before you buy
land in these colonies read “Martin Chuzzlewit,” by
Charles Dickens — even if you have read it before.
BREVITIES.
For best results harrow in the lime.
It looks bad for the Georgia peach crop.
The Winter vacation is about over — spring in !
Do not trust to “average” figures. Get the limits before
you decide.
Remember the bill ! It is Assembly bill 590 intro¬
duced at Albany, N. Y., by Mr. Collin Its object is to
make the commission men show their record of sales
and be subject to supervision. The bill is a just one and
is needed. New York State readers should at once get at
the men who represent them at Albany and urge them to
support this bill.
A few facts about hen manure. Keep it perfectly dry
and there will be little loss of ammonia. Crush or grind
it up fine for best’ use. As a fertilizer it is comparatively
rich in nitrogen and weak in potash and phosphoric acid —
therefore ground bone or acid phosphate and potash are
the chemicals to use with it. Of course lime or wood
ashes should never be mixed with it.
1911.
441
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
The Savings of a Lifetime Lost in
a Day.
Though I do not see your paper I under¬
stand you have been exposing the transac¬
tions of E. G. Lewis and his business as¬
sociates of University City, Mo. I feel
it a duty I owe to the public to relate my
experience with these men, in the hope
that it may save others from being victim¬
ized as I have been. “I will a plain un¬
varnished tale deliver,” contenting myself
with stating facts and leaving my readers
to draw their own inferences. Let me pre¬
mise by saying that I am a minister, old,
in broken health, and no longer able y
earn a living. In casting about for a sa
and profitable investment for the little v >
had been able to save, we (my wife and
noticed, in the National Woman’s Daily, eu-
ited by E. G. Lewis, an advertisement by
the Realty and Development Co. They
wanted to borrow money to improve their
real estate, and offered their note at six
per cent., with ample real estate security.
We sent them $200, and after waiting about
two months finally got tbe note. This was
in .Tune, 1909. We have that note still, but
have never received any interest except for
the first six months, which was payable in
advance, though one payment was due last
June and another in December. We have
written several times about this, both to
the Realty and Development Company and
the Savings Trust Co., trustees, but no at¬
tention to our demand has been given by
either. Last Summer at the request of
the Realty and Development Co., we sent
them our pass book to have the interest
credited, and it has never come back, though
we have written about it several times. This
pass book contained the only evidence we
had of another claim against them, and so
we are not now able to prove that claim,
otherwise than by our own affidavits. In
May, 1910, before our suspicions were
aroused we sent the Realty and Develop¬
ment Co. $600 more. We had to wait
about five months, wrote several letters and
threatened exposure before we could get the
notes for this. We wrote two letters to
E. G. Lewis, the president, personally,
but never received any answer to either.
We wrote four to the company, two of
which were not answered, and the other
two merely said that they had been de¬
layed in sending out those notes, but hoped
to send them soon, but have never given
any reason for the delay.
Soon after receiving the notes we received
a circular describing certain debenture
bonds which they were issuing to refund
and consolidate all the debts of all their
half dozen companies. They asked us to
exchange our notes for these bonds, which
were to bear two per cent, the first year
and increase at the late of one per cent,
per annum till it reached six per cent. By
this time we had lost all confidence in
them, but they had our mouey, and the
only question for us was bow we could best
get it back. With much hesitation we finally
decided to exchange the $600 and sent the
notes to the Trust Co. as requested. Again
we had to wait nearly three months and
threaten exposure, but finally the bonds
came, one for $500 and one for $100. But
the conditions were so changed as to make it
practically a new contract. The circular
described them as five-year bonds, with all
the net earnings of ail the companies to
be divided during the five years, then large¬
ly increasing the income. The bonds proved
to be 10-year bonds, and the earnings were
not to be divided till the end of the 10
years. We immediately sent them back and
demanded our notes. In about a week the
$100 bond came back with no explanation
whatever of the change. We promptly wrote
positively refusing to receive the bonds
and peremptorily demanding our notes. To
this we have received no answer, though
there has been ample time. The notes and
the $500 bond the Trust Co. still have,
and all we have to show for our $800 and’
nearly two years’ correspondence and worry
is a bond for $100 and a note for $200 on
which we can get no interest. To a young
man the experience might be worth what
' t has cost us, but to an old man, poor
and unable to work, it comes too high. You
are at liberty to publish this over my name.
Eagle Grove, la. p. E. voiik.
We can add little to that simple and
pitiable tale of the loss of a lifetime of
savings in the hope of providing against
the wants of old age. It is in the
face of such records that Mr. Lewis at¬
tempts to bluff the National Govern¬
ment out of an investigation of his
methods of getting money from country
people through the agency of the post
office facilities. If his paper has any
other function than the exploitation of
the Lewis schemes to collect money in
this way, we have not discovered what
those other functions are. Lewis is now
making a desperate effort to induce the
Postmaster General to admit his paper
as a weekly to second-clas'S mail privi¬
leges, and equally strenuous efforts are
being made to head off the inquiry of
such transactions as the above by the
Federal Grand Jury. Decent people
whose blood boils against such outrages
as described above by Rev. Mr. York,
should write Frank H. Hitchcock, Post¬
master General, Washington, D. C., and
protest against the use of the U. S. mails
for such purposes; and at the same time
write Hon. Geo. W. Wickersham, At¬
torney-General, Washington, D. C., and
insist on the investigation of the Lewis
schemes by the Federal Grand Jury,
ihis is a duty you owe to decency and
honesty, whether you have lost money
by Lewis or not. Strengthen the hands
of the Government officials by the as¬
surance that you do not want the agen¬
cies of your Government used to swindle
old people out of their savings.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — Thirty or more men were
caught March 15 at Nashville, Tenn., in
the collapse of the J. II. Fall building that
was gutted by fire on March 5. Eleven
were rescued alive. All but a few of the
men caught under the pile of brick, stone
and mortar were negro laborers.
Charles College, four miles above Ellieott
City, Md., burned March 16. When the
fire began the students and faculty joined
in the fight against the flames, but though
they organized a bucket brigade they made
little impression upon the fire. St. Charles
College was a classical boarding col¬
lege of the Catholic Church. The site, em¬
bracing 700 acres, was given by Charles
Carroll of Carrollton, who laid the corner¬
stone. The loss is estimated at $300,000.
Insurance, $175,000.
Indictments were returned at Chicago,
March 16, against nine men in connection
with the Alaska coal land frauds by the
'Federal Grand Jury. The men indicted
are A. C. Frost, a Chicago capitalist ; George
*1. Seward, receiver of the Frost estate;
Pierre Beach, secretary of the Alaska Cen¬
tral Railroad and a Chicago lawyer ; Frank
Watson of Seattle, Wash. ; George A. Ball
of Muncie, Ind. ; Duncan M. Stewart of
Seward, Alaska ; Henry G. Osborne, Toronto,
Ont. ; Gwynn L. Francis, Toronto, Out. ;
Francis II. Stewart, Toronto, Ont. The
land involved is said to be valued at
$10,000,006.
The Pennsylvania State Supreme Court
March 16 refused a change of venue to
Frank N. Iloffstot, president of the Pressed
Steel Car Company and of the German
National Bank of Allegheny, who is un¬
der bribery and conspiracy indictments in
connection with the Pittsburg graft cases.
Iloffstot in his petition set forth that
he is a resident and citizen of New York,
and president of several large industrial
plants and that he feared because of his
connection with labor troubles at his plants
in Allegheny county and because of pub¬
lications concerning the graft exposure he
would be unable to get a fair and impartial
trial in the courts of Allegheny county. The
petitioner also made an unsuccessful at¬
tempt to have the indictments against him
quashed.
More than one hundred citizens of New
Orleans have been summoned before the
grand jury to give testimony as to al¬
leged frauds in the election held recently
for a justice of the Louisiana State Su¬
preme Court. A curious feature is that
Judge W. B. Somerville, who was elected,
had no oppositon. The fight is being made
by the Good Government League against
alleged “ring politics.” It is alleged that,
notwithstanding the lack of opposition to
Judge Somerville, ballot boxes were
“stuffed” and other irregularities practised
in order to maintain a fraudulent voting
strength.
The Interstate Commerce Commission
March 17 made known its interpretation of
the long and short haul section of the
amended railroad regulation act. The com¬
mission holds that rates and fares of the
same kind should be compared with one
another, trans-shipment rates should be com¬
pared with trans-shipment rates, proportion¬
al rates with proportional rates, excursion
fares with excursion fares and commuta¬
tion fares with commutation fares. The
commission defines a proportionate rate as
one which applies to part of a through
transportation which is entirely within the
jurisdiction of the act to regulate com¬
merce ; that is the balance of the transpor¬
tation to which the proportional rate ap¬
plies must be under a rate filed with the
‘commission. The principal application of
the interpretation of the long and short
haul section relates to trans-shipment
freight matter. This character of freight
moves from one point to a water point and
is then carried by water to its destination.
In substance the commission holds that
the rate on transshipped freight thus
shipped may be lower between the two land
points than freight similarly shipped but
intended for consumption at the terminal
point.
One man was killed and 300 head of cat¬
tle were burned to death March 18 in a
fire which destroyed a square block of pens
in the Union Stock Yards at Chicago. The
body of the man was found in the wreck¬
age' of a viaduct that fell. Various com¬
mission firms owned the cattle destroyed.
The loss was $25,000.
The Judiciary Committee of the California
Senate has recommended the passage of a
bill designed to prevent Asiatics from ac¬
quiring land in California.
The plant of the Monarch Cold Storage
Company at Cass and Michigan streets,
Chicago, was destroyed by fire March 19,
entailing a loss estimated at over $1,000,-
000. About 30 firemen were overcome by
smoke and escaping gases. Large quanti¬
ties of eggs and fish were stored in the
building.
George H. Munroe was sentenced by Judge
Hough in the United States Circuit Court,
New York, March 16, to three years in
Atlanta penitentiary after a jury had de¬
clared lmn guilty of using the mails to
defraud in selling his Marconi stock and
stock in the United Shoe Shining Com¬
pany. The jurymen found Munroe guilty on
fifteen of the counts in the indictment upon
which he was tried. These counts had to
do with the sale of the Marconi stock and
that of the Shoe Shining Company. On
the count involving the sale of stock in his
Sovereign Realty Company the verdict was
not guilty. He could have received a max¬
imum sentence of five years on each of the
fifteen counts. Munroe’s case was the
first of the big get rich quick cases in¬
volved in the Post Office Department’s re¬
cent activities to be called for trial, and
there was great satisfaction felt at his
conviction. It was brought out in the
course of Munroe’s trial that in three years
from 1903 to 1907 more than 150,000 shares
of stock in the English Marconi company
were sold by Munroe and more than $1,250,-
000 turned in for it in checks, drafts, money
orders and cash by the people of this coun¬
try. Munroe, it appeared, split these re¬
ceipts, giving his agents, of whom the chief
was Horace G. Robinson, 50 per cent, com¬
missions. His own profits were more than
$700,000, and in addition thousands of
shares in Canadian, Argentine and Australi¬
an. companies were sold, but these transac¬
tions did not figure in the trial. What
Munroe has done with the profits of his
scheme the Post Office authorities have
never discovered. In court he was rather
shabbily dressed, and had the appearance
of a man without means. At one time
he had a country house at Southampton, a
house in Fifty-seventh street and a private
suite at the Waldorf, but, according to the
testimony- of -his -lawyer, he was so hard
up in 1908, after the harvest had been
reaped, that in an effort to get some real
Marconi stock to deliver to the importun¬
ate sol<* a11 llis furniture and borrowed
$(.000 from his brother. Dr. John A. Mun¬
roe of Saranac Lake. There was absolutely
no explantion of where the money had gone,
however. The Marconi shares were sold
at from $10 to $15 a share. They could
have been bought in England for $2.50 a
share, but not even this was done in many
cases, upward of 13,000 shares being unde¬
livered. Munroe possibly would have es¬
caped after this blew up had he not re¬
turned here from Canada last Summer and
launched a new one under the title of the
Shoe Shining Company. Then the
lost Office pounced upon him.
at Benton, Pa.. March 26. Sixteen thou-’
barrels of whiskey were consumed.
sand
oemu uciiiuio til WIUS KG’
The total loss will reach'
Had the government tax
whiskey the loss would
double. The bondhouse,
stories high, was one of
in the country.
nearly $1,000,000.
been paid on this
have been almost
which was eight
the most modern
• ^evv 'ork Grand Jury returned three
indictments March 21 against William J
i ummins for stealing a total of $335,000
from the t arnegie Trust Company. Mr.
Cummins pleaded not guilty and was re¬
leased after he had put up 'a $50,000 bail
bond. The Grand Jury finds that Cummins
was guilty of grand larceny in using for
his personal benefit the proceeds of a loan
obtained from the Nineteenth Ward Bank
and the \ an .Norden Trust Company on
the understanding that the money was "to go
the Carnegie for a specific purpose. Al-
tnougn the money was secured by Cummins
ana others on their apparently unsecured
personal demand notes, there was an agree¬
ment that _ the Carnegie Trust Company
should receive the proceeds. The allegations
on which Cummins is indicted can be put
simply this way: In April, 1910, Cum¬
mins and his associates learned that cer¬
tain loans which had been made by various
banks on tho security of stock of the Nine¬
teenth Ward Bank and the Twelfth Ward
Bank were in such a condition that if they
were not immediately paid off the collateral
held as security would be sold. It was
desired by Cummins and his associates that
such stock should not be sold on the
open market for fear it would affect ad¬
versely the institutions whose stock was
being sold and other institutions known
to be interested in those two. They there¬
fore made arrangements to obtain money
from the Nineteenth W’ard Bank and the
Van Norden Trust Company for the pur¬
pose of paying off these loans and releasing
the collateral. To raise the money needed
to finance the transaction certain notes
were given to the Van Norden Trust Com¬
pany and the Nineteenth Ward Bank ag¬
gregating $335,000. While these notes were
apparently unsecured demand notes of the
individuals whose names appeared upon
them the agreement as a result of which
the loans were made was that the Carnegie
Trust Company in each instance should re¬
ceive tho amount advanced on the various
notes, aggregating $335,000. It is alleged
that Cummins transferred this money to his
own personal account.
The New Jersey House of Assembly
March 21 passed the Geran election bill
by a vote of 34 to 25. Six hours argument
and discussion interspersed with personal¬
ities and occasional disorder preceded tbe
final passage of the measure. The passage
of the Geran bill is a victory for Gov.
Wilson scarcely less notable than his bring¬
ing about the election of James E. Martine
to the United States Senate. The bill is so
radical a departure from any legislation
heretofore attempted in this State that it
aroused the oppositon of organization Re¬
publicans and Democrats. The bill provides
that all election officers, of whom there
are nearly 5,000 in the State, shall pass
civil service examinations. Candidates for
election officers may be nominated by any
five voters of the respective parties. The
Democratic and Republican parties are to
have two officers on each district board,
to be chosen by lot from those passing the
civil service examination. The bill extends
the direct primary to include the nomina¬
tion of candidates for Governor and Con¬
gressman, and all delegates, including those
to the national conventions.
FARM AND GARDEN.— Gov. Wilson of
New Jersey has approved the Myer milk
standard bill, which at a hearing March 17
before the Governor was opposed by repre¬
sentatives of several north Jersey boards
of health. The bill reduces the quantity
of solids required in milk from 12 per cent,
to 11% per cent. Farmers generally were
in favor of tbe bill, their chief argument
being that Holstein cows will not give milk
containing 12 per cent, of solids, although
Holstein milk is regarded as of rich quality.
The advocates of the bill insisted that the
new law would not result in any lowering
of the quality of milk sold.
M. W. Savage filed suit March 18 in the
Federal Court at St. Paul, Minn., for $40,-
000 against the American Express Com¬
pany for an alleged injury to a tendon in
the leg of Rena Patch, daughter of the
famous Dan Patch, said to have been re¬
ceived while the animal was en route from
Chicago to Grand Rapids, Mich., on July
17, 1910. Chicago officers of the express
company refused to allow an attendant to
accompany Rena Patch in the express car
between the two cities. “The high temper"
of the horse made an attendant necessary,”
alleges the petition for judgment. When
the racer arrived at Grand Rapids she was
useless for racing, and she has been useless
since, declares Mr. Savage. The suit will
be tried in the April term of court.
Farmers’ institutes have been held at 300
places throughout New York State during
the Winter season, beginning on December
1, 1910. State Agricultural Commissioner
Pearson says that they have been exceed¬
ingly well attended, and promise to be
productive of beneficial results. The Agri¬
cultural Department recommended the adop¬
tion of a plan for holding a few institute
schools, which was agreeably received, with
the result that about 10 of these schools
were held this year at accessible points, and
as near big centers of population as pos¬
sible. These lasted three and four days,
and they were conducted by the strongest
corps of teachers that could be secured.
Though the farmer’s institutes closed March
18 two more of the schools are to be held at
Schenectady and at Glens Falls.
A meeting of all the farmers’ institute
conductors, with State Agricultural fom-
missioner Pearson, was held at the State
Agricultural College, Ithaca, March 17, to
discuss tbe work for the next season’s work,
and the devising of improved methods to
be employed. One of the methods it is
proposed to put into effect next season will
be the adoption of a “follow-up” plan by
which the representatives of the Agricultur¬
al Department will keep in touch with the
few selected farms where the most ap¬
proved scientific methods are being intro¬
duced, so as to facilitate the adoption of
these new methods in their best forms and
to create examples which will be of value
to the community.
Annual meeting of Connecticut Boo-Keep¬
ers’ Association will be held at Hartford,.
April 14, Y. M. C. A., 10.30 a. m. Every¬
body welcome.
A special meeting of the Illinois Cattle
Feeders’ Association was held in Morrow
Hall, Agricultural College, University of Il¬
linois, Urbana, March 31. This meeting
was called in response to an invitation ex¬
tended by the Animal Husbandry Depart¬
ment of the university to cattle feeders to
visit the Experiment Station feed lots and
inspect the steers used in the cattle feed¬
ing experiment just closing. This experi¬
ment is of particular interest to cattle feed¬
ers because it throws much light upon the
question of feeding corn silage to fattening
steers. Corn silage is being fed in various
combinations with and without other rough-
ages. The other roughages used were clover
and Alfalfa hay and corn stover. Another
feature of the programme was a general
discussion on the feeding of corn silage to
beef cattle and on silo construction. .Mr.
J. T. Alexander of Chicago valued the cat¬
tle on the basis of the Chicago market and
gave the Association a talk oh the market
situation.
SH0RTSVILLE FARMERS’ DAY AND
INSTITUTE.
When we had our farmers’ institute at
Manchester last December, several of the
business men of Shortsville came over,
Shortsville and Manchester being less than
a mile apart. A short time after one
of these men asked me why we do not
have an institute here. I told him it, was
because the people of Shortsville had never
asked for one, shortly after I received a
letter from the business men’s association of
Shortsville asking me to see if I could not
get an institute for Shortsville. I made
the request to Commissioner Pearson and
he told me that owing to the lateness of
the request and lack of available men, the
department could do nothing for us, so I
proceeded independently. From Geneva I got
the services of Profs. Parrott, Stewart, Hed¬
rick and Hall ; and from Cornell Profs. Tuck
and Rice, and Miss Clara Browning ; aso T.
E. Martin of Syracuse, A. P». Katkamier, Jo¬
seph Green and L. T. Allen of Macedon ;
Mr. and Mrs. Levi Redfield of Farmington;
and Russell R. McLouth of Shortsviire, the
last six being nearby people, who are
really doing things. With this array of
talent coming, we had to have two auditor¬
iums and so engaged the M. E. Church and
the largest hall in town. Then the idea
came of getting out a small folder, describ¬
ing Shortsville, its advantages and indus¬
tries and containing the programme. This
idea grew until it finally reached a book of
52 pages. In the meantime arrangements
were made for another hall for exhibits,
and prizes to the amount of nearly $100
were offered for farm and culinary prod¬
ucts. The advertisement of every business
man and woman in Shortsville appeared in
the book, but not one from outside. The
evening before was nearly a blizzard, but
the farmers and their families came in
large numbers, bringing fine displays of
canned fruits, vegetables, greenhouse prod¬
ucts, apples and other fruits. Nearly every
part of the program was carried out as -
scheduled, even to the making of a batch of
concentrated lime and sulphur at noon, which
tested 33 Baume. The combined attendance
was between 700 and 800, and tbe first
farmers’ meeting ever held in Shortsville was
voted a great success. The 52-page book had
been sent to 1.400 people and a great many
people came from out of town. There is a
movement to make this meeting a permanent
annual affair and should such be the case
something larger will be in order next year,
probably a two-day meeting.
JOHN Q. WELLS.
Farm Values in Massachusetts and Idaho.
The farm figures of the last census will
show some queer comparisons. Recently
there came to us in the same mail the
statistics of Idaho, the Rocky Mountain
State, and Massachusetts, the New England
State. We take up these figures side by
side in order that our people may see how
they look.
Massachusetts.
Value of farm land . . . $104,273,000.00
Value of buildings . 87,250,000.00
Value of implements . 11,512,000.00
Number of farms . 36,512
Idaho.
Value of farm land . $219,346,000.00
Value of buildings . 24.074.000.00
Value of implements . 10,459.000.00
Number of farms . 30,741
The average size of a farm in Idaho is
171 acres, in Massachusetts 79 acres. The
average value per acre of farm land in
buildings in Idaho was. $41.63, while in
Massachusetts this value was $66.65, the
increased • value being largely due to the
greater value of the farm buildings. In
Massachusetts 18,785 farmers own their
farms free, while 12.973 were mortgaged.
In Idaho 18,113 farms were free, while
there was a mortgage upon 8,909. It may
surprise some of our readers to know that
there were 93 farms in Massachusetts with
over 1,000 acres each, and 318 with over
500 acres. The bulk of the farms, how¬
ever, were small. 20,640 being under 20
acres. In Idaho there were 252 farms with
1,000 acres or over, and only 1,908 farms
under 20 acres. During the past 10 years
the number of farms in Idaho has increased
76 per cent and the total value of farm
land and buildings has increased 518 per
cent. In the older State of Massachusetts
there has also- been a gain, although very
much smaller. The number of farms, for
example, in the last 10 years increased only
three per cent, while farm value including
buildings increased 21 per cent. Another
striking contrast is shown in tho expendi¬
ture for labor and for fertilizer. In 1910
the Massachusetts fanners paid out $11,-
747,000 for labor and $1,931,000 for
fertilizers. In Idaho during the same year
the labor bill was $6,677,000, while the
bill for fertilizer was only $21,000.
44k!
April 1,
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
THE GOOD GREAT MAN.
“How seldom, friend, a good great man
inherits
Honor or wealth, with all his worth
and pains !
It sounds like stories from the land of
spirits
If any man obtain that which lie merits,
Or any merit that which he obtains."
*******
For shame, dear friend, renounce this cant¬
ing strain !
What would thou have a good great man
obtain ?
Place, title, salary, a gilded chain?
Or throne of corses which his sword had
slain ?
Greatness and goodness are not means, but
ends !
Hath he not always treasures, always
friends,
The good great man? three treasures, Love
and Light,
And Calm Thoughts, regular as infant's
breath ;
And three firm friends, more sure than day
and night — •
Himself, His Maker and the Angel Death !
■ — Coleridge.
*
A new model sewing machine lias
the needle in the center, instead of at
one side. Women have been crooking
their spines to reach their sewing ever
since sewing machines were invented ;
now at last they may sit straight in
a natural position.
*
Many of the new model lingerie
hats are bordered with a deep band of
black velvet, the brim often turning
up sharply at one side. The black
velvet edge is more becoming to most
wearers than a brim of dead white,
and it undoubtedly keeps the hat
fresher, as the edge of the brim is
always first to show soiling.
*•
Here is a recipe for “mock birds”
given by “Suburban Life i Select the
largest cut of veal cutlets, and have
them cut less than half an inch thick.
Cut each one in two pieces, removing
the bone. On each piece put one table¬
spoonful of dressing; roll up and either
tie or fasten with toothpicks, like
skewers. Fry till brown on all sides
in bacon fat, place them in a casserole
or basin; season, using a teaspoonful
of salt, one-fourth teaspoonful of pep¬
per, and a little cayenne, for four
“birds.” Add the fat in the frying pan
and one cupful of boiling water, and
bake, covered closely, for one hour.
Serve with baked sweet potatoes.
*
We have been seeing some extraord¬
inary pictures of the French jupe cu-
lotte — the trousers skirt which is excit¬
ing the newspapers. However, after
hearing terrifying accounts a year or
two ago of the “sheath skirt” slashed
at one side, which was to drive every¬
thing else out of style, and which quickly
faded away like an evil dream, we re¬
fuse to lose any rest through fear of
Turkish trousers. Most of these pic¬
tures show a long tight robe, like an
old-fashioned redingote coming nearly
or quite to the ankles, with full Turkish
trousers beneath. It cannot be called
immodest, but it is certainly ludicrous.
Then there are regular “trousers" skirts
for walking suits, which are very like
the divided skirts worn on horseback
or bicycling. They are not as a rule
trim-looking or graceful, and give no
more ease or freedom than a well-cut
short skirt worn with knickerbockers
underneath in place of hampering petti¬
coats. A time many come, at some fu¬
ture period of the world’s history, when
our women may seriously consider the
example of Mrs. Amelia Bloomer and
Dr. Mary Walker, as applied to costume,
but we do not think that the vision of a
fat lady in Turkish trousers, sprinting
madly to catch a subway express, is
likely to be seen in New York during
the present season at least.
More than- once we have felt obliged
to warn our friends against irresponsible
opticians or wandering peddlers who
offer to fit spectacles or eyeglasses, but
unfortunately there are unscrupulous
men in regular lines of trade who may
also be avoided. They are competent,
and will doubtless fit the eyes properly,
but their rule is to charge all the cus¬
tomer will stand, “sizing up their vic¬
tim’s appearance, and, if he looks pros¬
perous, increasing the charge at an
amazing ratio. A friend tells us of a
case where a man giving evidence of
wealth was fitted for glasses in one of
these places. As he seemed very easy¬
going, the salesman named a price many
times the regular charge, but soothed
his conscience by deciding to give solid
gold rims. When describing the trans¬
action to his employer, whose conscience
was thoroughly indurated, that per¬
sonage remarked : “Give him filled
rims — they’re plenty good enough." This
was too much even for the clerk, who
gave up his job rather than carry the
extortion quite so far. In fitting the
eyes scientifically everything depends on
the honor and business probity of the
person who possesses knowledge of the
purchaser’s needs; for this reason we
must consider personal character as
well as scientific knowledge. Defects of
sight which might be entirely corrected
cause so much misery that there is
every reason to give this matter thought
and judgment— nor does such correction
always mean great expense, if we can
keep clear of the unscrupulous men who
profit by the misfortunes of others.
The Fireless Cooker.
Will you give directions for making a
fircless cooker? I. w.
The whole principle of the fireless
cooker- is based upon insulation for the
purpose of retaining heat. In its simplest
form a tight box is lined with many
thicknesses of paper and then filled with
tightly packed hay, a hole being left in
the middle to contain a closed cooking
vessel. After the vessel is put in more
hay is packed over it, and a tight-fitting
paper-lined lid put on the box. This
made the original “hay-box cooker.” It
has been rendered more convenient by
the use of cushions filled with hay, saw¬
dust, buckwheat hulls or other non-con¬
ducting material, in place of the loose
hay. The box is first lined with several
thicknesses of paper — bottom, sides and
lid. Cushions are then put in, in bottom
and sides, packed closely around the
cooking vessel, and finally a cushion
fitted over the top, and the lid closed
tight. A hinged lid fastened by a hasp
is convenient, because it stays shut tight.
The food to be cooked in the box must
be heated through on the stove, and
boiling hard when put into the box, for
the cooker does not give heat ; it retains
and utilizes the heat already there.
Home Candy Making.
I noted recently a question asked by
“A Vermont Woman" about homemade
candies. For recipes- and other informa¬
tion in regard to candy making at home
1 would advise her to write to a firm
at Canton, Ohio, whose address will
be sent upon application. They furnish
a complete candy-making outfit, consist¬
ing of instruction book, thermometer,
dipping fork and bonbon moulds, for
$3. 1 am not an advertising agent for
these people, but I used their outfit
successfully, and I know it to be re¬
liable. The prices paid for this kind of
candy range from 30 to 60 or 80 cents a
pound, according to the variety. My
experience in selling was to the custom¬
ers direct, instead of through the stores.
I made a house-to-house canvass with
a sample box, and seldom failed to get
an order, and once I had made a sale,
it wjts easy to get continued orders from
the same place. If the “Vermont
Woman” desires I shall be glad to give
her more information on this subject.
MRS. JAMES TAGGART.
Ill the first place, I think, get your
orders. Of course it depends whether
you live in the city or country how to
get those orders ; if in a rity, advertise,
but it does not pay to makv. up any kind
of candy, that is of the more expensive
kinds, or from fondants, without know¬
ing where it is going, fo>* if not sold
soon, it will be stale, and you cannot ask
full price ; thus lose your profits. Such
kinds as cocoanut, plain fudge and
candies made with peanuts will not
bring the same price as those of walnut
meats, chocolates, almond, etc., and the
price would be determined by the class
of buyers. J. h. k.
Why 400,000 Women
Have Hoosier Cabinets
in Their Kitchens
The Hoosier Kitchen
Cabinet gives you
more for your money
than any other cabi¬
net. Notice how
much MORE goes
with the Hoosier
with NO EXTRA
CHARGE:
Metal flour bin with
sliding glass panel and.
removable sifter. Bin
holds 65 pounds. Self¬
feeding metal sugar
bin. When a scoopful
Is taken out the same
quantity drops down.
Six crystal glass spice
cans with aluminum
lids. Crystal glass tea
and coffee jars with
aluminum lids. Hoo¬
sier patent "clock-
face” want list. Great
big aluminum sliding
work table, larger and
higher than a kitchen
table. White wood
cutting board for
bread and meat. Metal
bread and cake box.
Plate racks, sliding
shelf, big cupboard,
large compartment for
pots and pans, cutlery
drawer, linen drawer,
handy hooks, copper
door fasteners and
drawer pulls.
The cabinet Is 705f
Inches high and 40
Incheswide. Thedepth
of the lower section is
28 inches. The cabi¬
net is on pressed steel
ball-bearing casters.
“Saves Miles of Steps for Tired Feet”
Four hundred thousand women have the Hoosier Kitchen Cabinet because it is the greatest
step-saver work-saver and time-saver ever invented for the home. In tens of thousands of h arm
Kitchens the Hoosier Cabinet enables the .housewife to doherwork.nhalf thet.me-and takes a
big load of drudgery off her shoulders besides. Women tell us the Hoosier actually solves th®
kitchen help problem, by cutting down the kitchen work as much as one hired helper would.
Hoosier
Kitchen
Cabinet
One Dollar a Week Puts This Cabinet in Your Kitchen
The Hoosier brings Into one spot 40 inches wide nearly everything you use in the kitchen. It
saves you trips back and forth from the pantry. It saves you from reaching up to hfgh shelves.
It saves you from the back-breaking strain of bending over bins and flour barrels. The Hoo.ier
is the lowest priced Kitchen Cabinet made-measured by the years of service it gives. It is solid
oak, three thicknesses, built to last a lifetime. The Hoosier is the only kitchen cabinet with a
pure aluminum work table.
Write us for Free Kitchen Cabinet Book beautifully
illustrated, showing you the Hoosier part by part.
We will also tell you where you can see the Hoosier
near your home. In nearly every community there
is a licensed Hoosier agent who sells the Hoosier
at the low price established by the factory. The
Hoosier Sales System Is made up of the leading
furniture merchants of the United States. The man
who has the Ploosier license sign (show below; in
his window Is a good man to know.
Address
Home Office nnd Factory, 14 Rich St., New Castle, Ind.
Hoosier Manufacturing Co. gan rranci8eo Branch: ass Pacific Building. (25)
Largest Makers of Kitchen Cabinets in the World
Mr. Husband:
You have riding plows and many farm
implements to make your work easy. Havo
vou ever thought thnt your wife should
have a step-saver for HER work? The old-
time kitchen table is as far outof date as
the walking plow. The Hoosier Kitchen
Cabinet saves as much labor in the kitchen
as the riding plow saves intho field. Write
us now for our Kitchen Cabinet Book, and
learn how happy you can make your wifo
with the Hoosier.
Look for This Sign of the Licensed Hoosier Agent-a Good Man to Know
Electric Lights make the brightest, safeff,
cleanest and most reliable lighting system
known for farms and country homes, • The
Dayton Electric Lighting Outfits are low in
cost, easy to install, cost almost nothing to
operate. Give you better lights than most city
people enjoy. Write today for complete illus¬
trated catalog showing outfits, fixtures, etc.
DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO.
231 St. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
From the
Mill
We Pay
Freight
Manufacturers’ prices save y
dealers’ profits. Wegiveabindi _
guarantee of satisfaction and save
you 158 1-8 per cent. You can
buy the well-known Uegal Rug,
6x9 ft., reversible, al 1 wool finish, at
418.75. Our ltriisscloRuic,6x9 ft.,
greatest value known, #1.85. Splendid grade Brus¬
sels Rug, 9x12 ft., #11.
Famous I n v InclbleV el-
vets, 9x12 ft., #16. Stan¬
dard Axminsterg, 9x12
ft., #18.60, Fme quali¬
ty Lace Curtains 45c per
pair and up. Tapestry
Curtains, Wilton Rugs,
Llnole u m s atM il 1 prices.
Write to-dav for our NEW
ILLUSTRATED CATALOG,
No. 14. Sent free. Shows lat¬
est designs in actual colors.
UNITED MILLS MFG. CO.
2451-2462 JASPER ST.. PHILA.
oil
> 1 1 K
I
BROWN’S
Bronchial Troches
are safe, effective and convenient. The best
remedy for coughs, hoarseness and sore throat.
Prompt and safe. Free from opiates— The oldest
and best remedy.
Price, 25c, 50c and $1.00, Sample free
John I. Brown»& Son _ Boston, Mass.
Made from the
best Rubber pro-
duced in the World
Th©
■
you had rubber
made to order,
you couldn’t have
them made better than
the CENTURY ROOT,
It is made of the best
rubber produced. The
vamp is made extra
strong. To prevent
cracking at ankle
extra pure
gum, no-crack
ankle rein¬
forcement is
used.
IT IS THE CHEAPEST
because best— best in material, best In workmanship,
and best for wear. Those facts are also t rue of the en¬
tire Beacon Falls line. When you want a high grade
satisfactory rubber boot or shoe, insist that you be
shown goods bearing the Cross. It insures you quality
and service. If you can’t secure Century Boots from
your dealer, write us. Send his name. We will see that
you are supplied. Send for illustrated booklet. •
BEACON FALLS RUBBER SHOE Co.
New York Chicago Boston
The Improved MONITOR
MAKES IRONING EASY AND A PLEASURE1
Pronounced"The World’s Best” by over 275,000
satisfied customers. No hot stovi — easy to operate.
Heat regulated instantly. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
Highest in quality -lowest in price.
Highly polished and nickel plated.
AGENTS WANTED.
Write for catalogue and terms.
The Monitor Sad Iron Co. !
28 Wayne si., Big Prairie, 0.
150 Farms
and map free.
FOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile
Delaware Valley. New catalogue
Horace G. Reedek, Newtown, Pa.
HOUSEWORK HALVED
By Syracuse “EASY” Utilities
SOLD ON TRIAL
Syracuse “ EASY ” Vacuum Washer cleans completely a tubful of clothes, coarse
or delicate, in 10 minutes of easy elfort. Heat water right in rust proof steel tub. No
swinging of clothes or water. Works like a cistern pump. Sold on 30 days trial.
Syracuse “EASY” Vacuum Cleaner, hand or electric, most satisfactory
on market. Gets all the dirt without raising dust. Easy to operate. Very
durable and efficient. Send for free booklet and Trial Order Eorin.
DODGE & ZUILL, 224 L Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
44.3
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
The first group includes 6905, coat
with round collar, with pointed or plain
back, 34 to 42 bust, 5 yards of material
27 in. wide, or 254 yards 44 or 52, for
medium size. 6930, tucked blouse or
shirt waist, with body and sleeves in
one, 34 to 42 bust, 3 ]/2 yards of material
27 or 36 inches wide, or 254 yards 44,
with Y% yard of all-over lace, 1% yards
of wide, 1 yard of narrow banding, for
medium size. 6929, house gown for
misses and small women, 14, 16 and 18,
yards of material 27 inches wide,
4 *4 yards 36 or 3*4 yards 44, with 1
yard of contrasting material 27 inches
inches wide, for 16-year size. 6924,
child’s dress, with high or square neck,
long or short sleeve, 2, 4 and 6 years,
3 yards of material 27 inches wide, 2%.
yards 36, 2 yards 44, 7 yards of inser¬
tion, 3*4 yards of edging, for 4-year
size. 6903, child’s wrapper, 6 months,
1, 2 and 4 years, 3]/2 yards of material
27 inches wide, 254 yards 36 or 44, for
2-year size; price of each pattern, 10
cents.
In the second group are 6842, tucked
blouse with or without fitted lining, 34
to 44 bust, 354 yards of material 24 or
27 inches wide, 2J4 yards 36, 2 yards 44,
with 54 yard 27 for trimming portion
for medium size. 6833, fancy waist for
misses and small women, 14, 16 and 18
years, 2*4 yards of material 21 or 24
inches wide, 154 yards 36, 1)4 yards 44,
1/4 yards 36 wide with 154 yards of all-
over lace, for guimpe lining for 16-year
size. 6832, shirred blouse with straight
tunic, 34 to 42 bust, 654 yards 24 or 27,
554 yards 36, or 4J4 yards 44 inches
wide, with 254 yards of banding 6
inches wide for the band on the tunic,
the girdle and V-shaped portions of the
blouse, 3J4 yards of fringe, one yard
of all-over lace when yoke and under
sleeves are used. 6835, two-piece skirt,
for misses and small women, 14, 16 and
18 years, 3 yards of material 24 or 27
inches wide, 2 yards 44, 3 yards of braid
for 16-year size. 6604, misses’ tucked
over-blouse, 14 and 16 years, 3 yards of
material 21 inches wide, 2 yards 24 or
32, 1J4 yards 44, *4 yard 27 for trim-
mmg, for 16-year size ; price of each,
10 cents.
A Homemade Bookcase.
Here is a way to make a bookcase
from bamboo broom handles. I laid
away my worn-out brooms until I had
four. Then I sawed the . handles from
the brushes, cutting them off evenly and
of equal lengths. Among the 'pieces of
boxes of which my husband makes kind¬
lings, I found some white wood nearly
one-half inch thick. This I sawed into
four pieces 18 inches long and six inches
wide, for shelves. I sawed a small three-
sided piece from each corner, and then
curved in each straight edge that was
thus left with a knife, so that the broom
handle could fit into it a little. Next I
'sandpapered the shelves all over, and
smoothed off sharp edges. Finding that
a gimlet would split the bamboo, I got
a small iron rod, a little larger than the
screws to be used, and heating it red
hot, I burned corresponding holes
through each of the four handles. This
was particular work as the holes must
correspond exactly or the shelves would
not be level. This done, I made shallow
gimlet holes in the curved-in corners of
the shelves. Then with nickled, round-
headed screws, 154 inch long, I fastened
the bamboo handles to the four corners
of the shelves. The lowest shelf is 1*4
inch from the bottom of the uprights,
and the spaces between the shelves are
planned so that tall books can rest on
the lowest shelf and smaller ones on the
others. Then I took two four-sided
rods that I had saved after some car¬
penter’s work at the house, and placed
them diagonally at the back of the case,
fastening them to each shelf as braces.
The bookcase stands on the floor in our
sitting room, and is neat and service¬
able. The only expense was nine cents
for the screws. _ e. f. m.
Quick raised biscuits are made as fol¬
lows : Have ready four cupfuls of sifted
flour, four level teaspoonfuls of sugar,
half a teaspoonful of salt, two level table¬
spoonfuls of butter," half a cupful of
boiling water, half a cupful of cold milk
and two yeast cakes dissolved in half a
cupful of warm milk and water — half
and half. Warm the flour slightly if it
is cold to the touch and then sift it with
the sugar and salt twice, so that they
will be thoroughly mixed and free from
large grains. After sifting form a cavity
in the center with a spoon. Put the
butter into it, and over it pour the
boiling- water. Then as the butter melts
gradually add the milk and mix the
whole slowly to a smooth paste. While
yet mixing add the yeast. When the
mass has been formed into a smooth
dough roll it out on a floured board and
cut it into biscuits. Place the biscuits
in a buttered pan side by side. Set the
pan on the shelf over the range, where
they will rise rapidly until , double their
size. Do not let them stand more than
50 minutes. They are often light and
feathery enough for baking in much less
time, even in half an hour or 20 minutes
if the fire is hot. This expedition is
due, of course to the quantity of yeast
used, and yet the biscuits are not at all
yeasty. Bread has also been made by
this method, but it is not generally as
good as that prepared in the regulation
way. _
I never complained of the vicissitudes
of fate since the day I walked along
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shoes, and when I entered the gate of
the city I saw a poor creature seated
there who had no feet. — Saadi.
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444
THE KU KAb NBW-YORKEB
April 1.
Live Stock and Dairy
BETTER STOCK.
“ Best Cow in Iowa.”
The Cow Culture Club of Iowa has just
ended a contest started to determine the
“best cow in Iowa.” There were 108 cows
entered for a year’s butter test. The
first four prize winners were the following
named :
“Dairy Maid of Pinehurst, a Guernsey
cow, owned by W. W. Marsh, of Waterloo,
with a production of 852.89 pounds of
butter-fat for the year and a credit with
her allowance for age acording to the rules
of the contest of 1,060.118 pounds, wins
first place and the accompanying prize of
8250. This cow will also receive a silver
cup from the American Guernsey Cattle
Club. The second prize of $150 is won by
Jedetta of Pinehurst, a Guernsey cow also
owned by W. W. Marsh, of Waterloo. Iler
total production of butter-fat for the year
was 774.28 pounds. The third prize of
$100 is won by Mollie W., a grade Jersey,
owned by Charles B. Kirby, of Griswold,
Iowa. She produced 466.21 pounds of but¬
ter-fat with a total credit on account of
her age of 638.71 pounds. Glencoe’s llo-
peep, a Guernsey, owned by W. W. Marsh,
of Waterloo, had fourth place with a pro¬
duction of 622.56 pounds, but the rules
of the contest provide that no single
breeder can receive more than two of the
cash prizes of the Marsh fund. Therefore,
no money is awarded this cow.”
An Iowa Dairy Train.
A dairy special train was recently run
through Southern Iowa. In the announce¬
ment we are told : “Last year only bulls of
the dairy breeds were carried to demonstrate
how the common herd could be used as a
basis and by the use of good sires be bred
up to be most productive and profitable.
On the train soon to start there will be
great producing cows, in aditiou to the
noted bull, Sans Aloi, a $5,000 son of
Financial Countess, witli a record of 935
pounds, 10 ounces of butter in a year.
More care must be used in carrying cows
and because of this, in place of the cus¬
tomary stock car, a 60-foot baggage car
fitted up like an up-to-date model dairy
barn with Louden’s stalls and stanchions
will be used to carry the stock.”
This scheme of carrying bulls and cows
out where people can see them is a new
one. No doubt about Iowa’s future as a
dairy section. I’ut the State’s corn crop
into silver and grow Alfalfa, and Iowa
could pretty nearly butter the country's
bread !
The “White Faces.”
Purebred Herefords are second in num¬
bers only to the Short-horns, but they exist
in the range country of the West in the
greatest numbers, and • arc comparatively
scarce eastward. In weight Ilerefords al¬
most equal Short-horns ; however, they are
shorter of leg and have great width. Broad,
bloeky and deep, well rounded, with great
chest capacity and having a vigorous con¬
stitution, Herefords are deservedly popular
with western beef producers. On the other
hand, their early maturity, uniformity of
type and beef making ability make Here¬
fords popular with cattle feeders in the
corn belt and eastward. The picture, Fig.
141, page 426, shows a young Hereford bull
fitted for the sale ring. Note the straight
back, short legs and neck and broad short
head so characteristic of good beef cattle.
Hereford color is characteristic, being a
rich red with white on face and head,
brisket, belly, feet and brush of tail. In
some animals more white may be present,
and in some strains or families the color
Is a very deep dark red, almost black.
Occasionally we see a Hereford that is
rather coarse and with light hindquarters,
but usually they are highly typical beef
animals.
Pre-eminent on the range, white faces
come to market largely as feeders to be
finished in feed lots in the corn belt, and
with a few home-bred ones Hereford cat¬
tle are a quite usual sight in cattle feeding
sections where dependence is placed on se¬
curing the supply of feeders from western
stock yards or from beef herds or nearby
farms. Ilerefords have rather large horns,
which have a downward tendency, espe¬
cially in well-bred bulls, curve outward
considerably and in many cases are almost
straight. A polled strain of Herefords
is being developed, and in time it is quite
probable that Polled Herefords will become
very prominent. w. e. duckwall.
Ohio. ________
Alfalfa for Steers. — A new value for
Alfalfa hay is learned from an experiment
in feeding steers in Nebraska. The report
states : “Steers wintered on a ration of
Alfalfa or one-half Alfalfa make a greater
gain during the Winter and the Summer
following combined than steers wintered on
prairie hay or cane alone.” The explana¬
tion no doubt is that the Alfalfa makes
a better growth of bone and muscle which
the steers “fill up” later.
The Mule or the Cow. — Will it pay
me to buy a Kentucky jack and raise
mules? Do you think it will pay better
than cows? Milk now $1.50 per 100
pounds. I have a farm of 200 acres,
keep 20 milch cows and seven horses.
Why couldn’t I instead of keeping seven
horses keep about 10 mares to do the
farm work and raise mules too? Mule
colts from six to eight months old bring
$70 each. A team or pair of mules 12 to
35 years old, weight about 2,000 pounds,
bring from $300 to $400. F. M.
Pennsylvania.
Here is a question for discussion. There
are many sides to it. Can you present one
of them?
Cost of Meat or Milk. — Our Eastern
dairymen and stock feeders try to figure
the cost of producing a pound of meat
or milk. The price of grain and fodder
is the basis for this figuring. They will
be interested in comparing the price of
such food in Western States. The Ne¬
braska Experiment Station fed some steers
as an experiment and gave the following
prices for food :
Alfalfa, per ton . $6.00
Prairie hay, per ton . 5.00
Cane, per ton . 4.00
Corn, per bushel . 50
Oats, per bushel . 35
Cattle per 100 pounds, in Spring. . . . 4.25
Cattle per 100 pounds in Fall . 3.75
We have assumed that the cost of the
pasture during the Summer was equal to 6
per cent interest on 8 acres of land valued
at $8 per acre, plus a slight charge of 25
cents per head for water. This amounts
to $4.09 per head for the Summer. If the
pasturing season were G mouths in duration,
the charge would be at the rate of 68 cents
per month.”
Horse Breeding. — The Nevada Experi¬
ment Station has this about horses :
“The Station is not in the horse-breeding
business. Yet the farm team of Perclieron
mares has been made to do double duty, in
that they have 'done the farm work and
added to the working force by rearing colts.
One of the original team, purchased some
five years ago, died from blood poisoning
at foaling this Spring. She had been a
regular breeder and leaves four colts, any
of which would probably bring on the
market double the amount paid for the
team. One of these, a two-year-old stal¬
lion, weighing over 1,900 pounds, we value
at $3,000, and consider him superior to
most of the “company” horses- that have
been sold in the State at from $2,500 to
$3,500. Besides this promising colt, we
have on hand a pair of growing mares,
now three and four years old, ready to
take the place of the old team, and two
younger-born colts. There should be a les¬
son in this for the farmer. When the farm
work is not too heavy, brood mares may
be used, and, if big and sound, and par¬
ticularly if purebred, may be made to yield
a very considerable income.”
SEE THAT
this trade-mark is on
every bottle of Cod
Liver Oil you buy;
it s t a n d s for the
original standard
and only genuine
preparation of Cod
Liver Oil in the
world —
Scott’s Emulsion
Cod Liver Oil preparations with¬
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imitations, many of them containing
harmful drugs or alcohol. Be SURE
to get SCOTT’S, all druggists
SCAB — Cured
CHOLERA— Prevented
BY THE USE OF
MINOR’S FLUID
SHEEP AND HOG
DIP
Kills ticks, lice, etc.
Cures mange, scurvy
The W. E. Minor Disinfectant Co.
1518 Columbus Rd. Cleveland, O.
UICK
Highest Grade— Sanitary
Not a particle of wood about them
Quick to open — Quick to close —
Quick to please— Quick shipments.
Ask for 1910 Catalogue.
BOWEN & QUICK, Mfrr. Auburn, N.Y.
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Started Free
Left With You For
FREE TRIAL
You pay no freight— pay nothing
in advance— risk nothing— go to no
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That is the sort of free trial you
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SHARPLES
Tubular Cream
Separator
30
Ask us for it. The Dairy
Tubular is later than and
different from all others.
Twice the skimming
force of common sepa¬
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faster and twice as clean.
Repeatedly pays for it¬
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'cream no common
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Free from disks and other
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by America’s oldest and
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one Tubular for life than
risk anything on any
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You can own and use a
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other make.
Write for
catalogue
No. 153 and
free trial.
THE SHARP1LES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHE8TKR, I‘A.
Chicago. III., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Pan.
IX ORSES
THE PEECIIERON SOCIETY
OF AMERICA
Has just taken over all records and business
of Perclieron Kegistery Company of Colum¬
bus, Ohio. 215 breeders took membership in
P. 8. of A. during Dec. and January alone.
137 more new members added thru recent ac-
quirementnamed above. There isnow butone
recognized Society in the United States record¬
ing Percherons. For information address:
WAYNE DINSMORE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, III.
ERCHERON
STALLIONS and MARES
Imported and home-bred. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 30 years an importer and breeder of prize winners.
E L W O O D S . AKIN
170 South Street, Auburn, N. Y.
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Perclieron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from $300 up, mares
from $400 up. Address all correspondence to
O. N. WILSON, Kittanning, Pa.
CH Perclieron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
0U at farmers' prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
Oil Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
Si W X 3XT 33
rnp 0 A I C-IMPR0VED ENGLISH YORKSHIRE SWINE.
rUfl unLL Young bred sows and young boars
ready for service, also young pigs. Address
O. H. FARNHAM, Brocton, New York.
CHESHIRES
ig. P. Chinas, Berkshire, C. Whites.
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
tm. - - Pups, Beagles and Poultry. Writefor
ces & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Middletown Pa.
The mother that is prolific,
kind, a good milker, and care¬
ful of her pigs. Morning-
side Farm, Sylvania, Fa.
(ELDON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y.
illDfinC THK BIG, DEEP FEI-LOWS
lUnUUO that grow and mature quickly,
gs and Gilts for sale at all times.
SHENANGO RIVER FARMS, Transfer, Pa.
OMETHING NICE-Duroe Jersey Swine, Partridge
and Golden Rock Chickens, Bourbon Red
urkeys, Embden Geese, Crested White Ducks.
LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS
Am now booking orders for C week old Pigs, Regis¬
tered, at $15.00 per pair. If you aro looking for the
genuine Bacon Hog, try a pair this spring. Address
HILLHUKST FARM, Orchard Park, N. Y.
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-Special Offering
L of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fanev Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
un They should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity. H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
DAIRY CATTXjE
Maple Hurst Stock Farms, Guilford, Conn ..offer the fol-
• — — - , - - — - - lowjng Gilt Edge Stock for
sale. One magnificent Yearling Guernsey Bull (reg¬
istered) ; one full blooded Jersey Bull (registered).
Dams of both extra heavy producers. Jersey
Sire, Hood Farm Pogis; Guernsey sire, Fantim's
Zac Taylor (imported). One registered Berkshire
Boar 5 mos. old, perfect form and breeding cannot
be beat. One Chester White Boar 9 mos. old, pure
bred, quick and sure, an exceptional animal, price
right. 12 Single and Double Comb R. I. Red Cock¬
erels $3.00 each (Tuttle Strain). Bred for utility as
well as beauty. Full blooded Imperial Pekin Duck
Eggs for hatching $1.00 per 13 — $6.00 per hundred.
Full blooded S. and D. C. R. I. Red Eggs for hatch¬
ing. Guaranteed 100# fertility from.our Utility Pens.
$1.00 per 16— $4.00 per hundred. The above stock is
guaranteed to be pure bred and the price is right.
HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The host
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
ALLAMUCHY FARM HOLSTEINS
We offer well bred hull calves out of A. R. O.
dams at reasonable prices. Send for list before
placing your order. ALLAMUCHY, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI A N ASS’N OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON, SEC’ Y. BOX 1 05. BRATTLEBO RO. VT.
Robinson’s HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON. Edmeston, N. Y.
To Avoid Inbreeding:, We Will Sell Our
HERD BULL
AMERICA HE KOL BURKE,
A great son of the great De Kol Burke. It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree.
Several young calves out of A. It.O. dams for sale.
CLOVEIllhALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Bunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern’s Jubi¬
lee still beads the herd. What do you want ?
Will also sell full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. Y.
Breed Up-Not DowRT.’rJf'i.SS™
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. It. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Jersey Bulls For Spring Service
From Son of “The Imported Jap.” Dams are
Flying Fox, Financial King, Stoke Pogis, and
Combination Blood. Also Fertile Eggs from
Young's S. C. W. Leghorns, Wrights W. Wyan-
dottes, and Tuttle’s R. and S. (J. R. I. Reds, $1.00
per 15, $5.00 per 100 Satisfaction guaranteed.
SHELDONCROFT, Silver Lake, Pa.
Clias. B. Dayton, Supt.
REGISTERED AYRSHIRES
A few choice young cows, also young stock of either sex,
from first-class milkers, at reasonable prices. Correspond¬
ence solicited. F. H. Cookingham, Cherry Creek, N. Y.
Piiral/o Qlnoli Farm- Registered Jersey Bulls
LUlCnd OlUOK I dllll and Heifers, 0 months to 2
years old. Chester White, Poland China and
Berkshire Pigs. Scotch Collie Pups and a variety
of poultry. Send two-cent stamp for circular.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Pa.
PrnHirrPTW for New Tfork City market
r i UUUvti o desirjj)g information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otsiville. N. Y.
DOGS
PHI I 1C Dll DC— From imported stock. Females
UULLIC lUTO cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa
SWINE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old. of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES , . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES.-
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Pioorietor, Marfaledale, Conn.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders booked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
Milk Fever Outfits.
DE HORNERS, Teat Syphons, Slitters.
Dilators, etc. Received only award
World’s Fairs Chicago and St. Louis.
Write for Illustrated Catalogue.
HAUSSMANN & DUNN CO.
B93 South Clark Street. Chicago, III.
Contains full information and complete feeding direction* (or using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
Wo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1800.
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911.
THE RURAL- N E W-Y ORKER
445
CEMENT FLOOR FOR STABLE.
On page 1083 1 see an article on con¬
crete floors and as to the proper way of
laying a tight concrete floor. In regard
to putting cement on a two-inch plank
floor, I can give H. A. J. a plan which
will last him for centuries. Lay upon
his plank a layer of tar paper and drive
the plank full of six-penny or eight-
penny nails, say 4x4 inches each way,
leaving the heads out about one or l'/2
inch. Upon this lay a good layer of
woven wire, keeping it one inch from
the plank. Upon this put a covering of
concrete mixed one part cement, two
parts gravel and three parts sand, gravel
to be one-half inch or not larger than
three-fourths. After spreading this on
2]/2 or three inches thick, well moistened,
tramp it to make it fill all voids. Trowel
this off and then float it with a wooden
float, and you will have a floor that
will last a lifetime, j. p. mansfield.
Wisconsin.
A HORSE SALESMAN TALKS.
I have had an experience of three years
as a salesman and four years as manager of
the original firm who first developed the
scheme of horse companies, and I never
knew a company to be a financial success.
I know all the arguments used, the influence
of 20 men being better than one, how they
will all work for the success of the horse,
etc., but when you come to results it is all
on the wrong side of the lodger. The costs,
the risks, the danger of dissatisfaction in
the company outweighs the profits a hun¬
dredfold. If 10 farmers want a horse
don’t buy on the company plan from a
salesman, for if they do the result spells
failure sure as fate, but let them send
two good men to look over the best studs
and they will find a better horse for two-
thirds to three-quarters the cost. And
don’t let them look for profit on their in¬
vestment, for they won’t get any ; but their
ptofit will come from improving their stock,
if any. There is the only profit. I have
seen 500 companies formed, and I don’t
believe one of them ever paid a cent in any
other way.
I note what Mr. Okie on page 187 says,
and I think he is mistaken on several
points. First, the salesman is on a salary,
and does not sell on commission. Second,
notes are not sold on any 20 per cent
discount, at least I never sold one that
netted the buyer over 13 per cent, and that
was in the days when money was worth
more than it is now. Third, the company
would have to net more than $1,200 from
a $2,400 sale, or they would be in bank¬
ruptcy inside of three years, unless the
horse was a poorer one than usual. If yon
go back to the early days of the importation
of horses and ending with 1896 you will
find not five per cent able to retire on a
fortune, but the big majority went broke.
If the profits had been so big this would
not have been true. I find very few
names of advertisers that were there 20
years ago. I am not kicking on the horse
business, for I believe in good stock, in
fact, it is the only road to success to-day
for the farmer, but I am saying that the
average farmers’ horse company is doomed
to sorrow and loss if the experience of the
past means anything. The importers of
purebred stock have done more for the up¬
lift of the farmers of the United States
than any other single agency, but that does
not change the results of company buying
of stallions If dollar and cent profit is the
main or only object. If improving stock
is the main object, then I say go ahead, and
get the best horse you can, but don’t get
him through an agent who comes to your
town with a stallion, but go to the im¬
porter with long years of honorable suc¬
cess back of him, and get a good horse, and
you will do your community good, although
you may not directly make a dollar.
SALESMAN.
MORE SHORT-HORN DAIRY COWS.
I read with interest Mr. Prince’s able
defence of the dairy Short-horn cow in
your issue of February 18. The following
figures will further support his contentions :
The year record champions of the breed
in each class at present are : Mature form,
Hose of Glonside, 1&,075 pounds of milk,
735 pounds of butter ; four-year-old, Ma¬
mie Clay 2d, 13,233 pounds of milk ; three-
year-old, Doris Clay, 10,617 pounds of
milk; two-year-old, Juliet, 10,395 pounds
of milk. These will compare favorably with
any breed ; in fact, in some cases surpass
the records in the same classes in some of
the breeds, and it is only within a few
years that such records have been accom¬
plished. Rose of Glenside, the champion,
has at a little over nine years of age a
record of seven calves and an average of
9,417 pounds of milk per year for seven
years in succession. She has two daughters,
Bessie Buttercup, ll,53G pounds milk in
one year, and Rose Buttercup, 9,158 pounds
in one year from three teats. The cham¬
pion fonr-year-old, Mamie Clay 2d, 13,232
pounds milk in one year, has, beginning as
a two-year-old, a record of five calves and
averaged 10,040 pounds of milk per year
for five successive years. She is granddam
of the champion three-year-old and two-
year-old, Doris Clay and Juliet. Juliet won
second in the butter-fat contest open to
all breeds at the 1909 New York State Fair,
and her record of 10,395 pounds milk in
one year as a two-year-old was a fine
achievement, as she was with calf during
the last six months of her test.
The claim that dairy Short-horn cows do
not breed on is easily disposed of. The
descendants of Kitty Clay 2d and Joe
Johnson have made in one herd records
as follows : Twenty records over 10,000
pounds milk in one year, average 11,263
pounds each ; 55 records averaging 10,011
pounds milk each in one year, and 103
records averaging 9,357 pounds milk each
in one year. Mamie Clay calved in 1891,
and, still living, has at present descendants
that have made 11 records over 10,000
pounds, average 10,767 pounds milk each
in one year; 21 records averaging 10,052
pounds milk each in one year ; 28 records
averaging 9,623 pounds milk in one year.
One herd in 1910 had 13 cows and heifers
that made an average of 10,054 pounds
milk each. The entire herd of 38 cows and
heifers, one-half of them two and three-
year-old heifers, and including several old
and farrow cows, averaged in 1910 7,812
pounds of milk each. There are numerous
illustrations of the merit of the dairy
Short-horns as dairy cows. We have bulls
of the breed whose dam and sire’s dam
have averaged 15.623 pounds milk each in
one year, something I believe no breed
except the Holstein can show. The dairy
Short-horn is an existing fact, has won
many friends, and is worthy and moreover
destined to occupy a prominent place in
our agriculture.
W. ARTHUR SIMPSON,
Secretary, American Dairy Short-horn
Association.
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Decatur, Illinois
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_
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4-4Q
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 1,
DAIRY SHORTHORNS ONCE MORE.
On page 214, under heading, “Good
Words for the Short-horn,” you print a
criticism of my article of December 17 last,
page 1170, headed, “Dairy and Beef Com¬
bination Impossible.” I said in that arti¬
cle, referring to the two types of cow, "It
is not possible to combine the excellence
which they each represent in the same in¬
dividual or breed.” Mr. Prince, if I under¬
stand him, says this is a “mistaken idea.”
I said of the Short-horns in the dairy test
at the Columbian Exposition, “They failed
to make good.” He says “There is where
he falls down.” In the 90-day butter test
at this exposition 25 cows each of three
different breeds competed. No one will dis¬
pute that the Jerseys and Guernseys were
dairy cows and nothing else. The Short¬
horns were of the so-called milking strain,
Here is the result of the test in tabulated
form. It shows that it cost 24 per cent,
more to produce butter from milking Short¬
horns than from an average of the Jer¬
seys and Guernseys :
Chicago ~
Test g
u
2
4S
0
«
Gain
Live
Weight
Cost of
Feed
Cost of
Butter
per lb.
Net.
Gain
Jersey . 73,448
4,274
776 $587.50
$ .138 $1,283.21
Guernsey .. (11,781
3,360
365
484.14
.144
9H 7. 64
Shorthorn. 66,263
2,890
2,803
50,179
.176
910.12
An allowance of 4% cents per pound
was fixed on gain in live weight In this
test, which Is' figured in the net gain.
This was a dairy contest. Note the cost
of producing butter, and of the beef ten¬
dency in these milking Short-horns to put
flesh on their backs, instead of milk in the
pail.
In one of the Wisconsin cow censuses taken
some years since by Hoard’s Dairyman, the
following result was obtained as published
in that paper :
£S
Wisconsin
” o
mO
Cow Test
n o
go<
&
Jerseys . . .
.4,798
Holsteios .
.6,081
Guernseys .
.6,141
Mixed Dairy .
.4.455
Natives .
.4,541
Dairy Shorthorn....
.6,436
Gen'l purpose “ .....
.4,219
Brown Swiss on Jer
sey Foundation...
.5,236
u
©
a „
u
©
eturns fro
Creamery
from $1 .00
tVorth Feet
+3
CO
5-i
s£
o
et Prof!
Cow
CL
K
Zi
244.7
$1.62
$17.58
255.
1.64
16.99
252.5
1.60
17.92
208.5
1.44
12,14
203.6
1.31
8.77
240.8
1.48
14.77
194.4
1.22
7.08
267.8
1.35
12.43
The average annual returns from the
creamery for the three dairy breeds head¬
ing the list show a profit of 58.6 per cent,
on the investment for feed. The dairy
Short-horns show 49 per cent., and the
general purpose Short-horns 22 per cent.
Following is shown the result of an ex¬
periment made at the Minnesota Station :
Minnesota
Experiments
to
*3
I
3
Beef Type . 3
Less Beet Type . 4
Lacking Depth of Body. 3
Dairy Type . 12
©
►
as
to
UZl &
5 «
r-« ^
— c
© be
«W ©
bCT?
>
<
w _ O
sg-
►>« i-
i- 03 Qj
AHCh
©o
s*
1,240
16.16
17.5
945
21.02
15.1
875
23.
14.6
951
23.58
12.1
The third column shows amount of dry
matter eaten daily per 1,000 pounds of live
weight. The table shows that it cost over
22 per cent, more to produce fat from the
seven beef type cows than from the 15
spare and dairy type cows. So much
for the merit of beef type or dual-purpose
animals compared with the dairy cow for
milk. As regards tbe merits of the two
classes for beef. Prof. Henry, author of
“Feeds and Feeding,” says, "We are thus
unable from tbe data at hand to show a
pound of feed goes further in making gain
with beef bred animals than with those
not especially designed for that purpose.
It apears that tbe beef representatives
when fattening place a larger portion of
the fat between the muscular fibers of the
tissues. Steers of the dairy breeds on
the other hand deposit much fat about the
Intestines and kidneys. While fat stored,
as in the dairy breeds, may be best placed
for animals designed for milk production,
such disposition is certainly against their
usefulness in beef production. In this
distinction we have a remarkable example
of the effort toward specialization in the
beef and dairy breeds, and the lesson is
Important and far-reaching.” Below is
the record »of 18 steers, representing nine
breeds, ranging from purebred beef, through
dual purposes, to pure dairy animals fat¬
tened by the Iowa Experiment Station,
shipped to Chicago and passed upon by <a
committee of three stock buyers :
Average Expert
Breed Live Weight, Valuation
pounds. Per 100 lbs.
Hereford . 1,525 $6.62^
Short-horn . 1,660 6.37^
Galloway . 1,635 6.37
Aberdeen Angus . 1,725 6.37^
Red Polled . . . 1,520 6.25
Swiss . 1,570 6.00
Devon . 1,290 5.75
Holstein . 1,410 5.00
Jersey . 1,430 4.50
Here is a difference between highest and
lowest of 32 per cent. The data above pre¬
sented with the exception of the Wisconsin
census is accessible to all, and can be found
in Henry’s “Feed and Feeding.” The les¬
son seems plain. The splendid qualities of
the dairy cow on the one hand and of the
beef cow on the other, each the result of
generations of selection for opposite pur¬
poses are not to be found combined in
any animal or breed. In this beef ex¬
periment the Short-horn is near tbe head.
In the dairy census her half-sister, the gen¬
eral purpose Short-horn is at the foot. In
any thoroughbred test where all breeds and
types are represented, the dual purpose ani¬
mal will be found in the middle, designed
for two things, and unable to do either
well. H. H. HERRING.
Garget.
I have a cow that gave thick milk out
of two teats before she was dried up ; now
she has been fresh about three weeks, and
she still gives thick milk. Can you tell
me what caused it, and what to do for
it? G. E. K.
New York.
Infective matters have invaded the ud¬
der. Milk out three times a day. Twice
daily foment affected quarters with hot
water and after drying rub well with a
mixture of one part fluid extract of poke
root and three parts of melted lard, used
warm. Protect udder against chill and
bruising. a. s. a.
Lameness.
I have a horse that is lame, the cause
of which is supposed to be an injured
tendonous sheath of the ankle joint (left
hind ankle). There is a bunch at this
joint on outside, which is like a wind puff,
and is hard when standing on that foot ;
when not .it is soft. On inside of leg it
is enlarged some. This injury was caused
by horse trying to back when foot was
caught in pronged root. Can you prescribe
a treatment that will cure this horse?
New York. N. e. w.
Have the affected parts line-fired and
blistered by a qualified veterinarian and
then allow the horse six weeks rest.
A. S. A.
Grease.
I have a horse with right hind foot
swollen to some extent ; hard scabby sub¬
stance on the back of the foot between
the fetlock and the hoof. I washed it with
water and castile soap and applied hoof
grower to keep it soft, also used liniment
to help heal it up. It seemed to heal up
all right, but has now broken out again,
and seems to be worse than before, as it
has worked farther around on one side
towards the front of the foot. I keep the
horse in a box stall all the time and feed
him on mi^cd hay and about eight or nine
quarts of ground oats a day, with an
occasional warm bran mash, also some car¬
rots. He is quite a hard keeper; had his
teeth filed last Fall. His appetite is very
strong. I do not have much work to do
with him now. As far as I can see he is
not lame at all, but it is a trifle tender
when pressed. He is' about 15 years of
age. Can you tell me , what is the mat¬
ter ? A. H.
Pennsylvania.
Over-feeding and idleness cause such
chronic troubles and the cause must be
removed else the ailment will persist. Put
the horse to steady daily work or turn
him out of doors and make him live on
grass alone during the Summer. Do not
feed grain of any sort and never feed
ground oats to a horse ; make a horse chew
whole grain. Keep the affected parts satu¬
rated with a thick creamy mixture of flow¬
ers of sulphur and raw linseed oil, to each
pint of which . add half an ounce of coal
tar disinfectant. Do not wash the legs.
A. s. A.
Dip N21
MORE MONEY
GIVES
MORE SATISFACTION.
NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED
WITH LICE, TICKS, MITES, FLEAS,
SCAB, MANGE, AND OTHER SKIN;
DISEASES.
TO CLEAN OUT ThESE
PARASITES, GUARD AGAtNST
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES,
CLEANSE, PURIFY, AND
DEODORIZE. USE
BETTER THAN OTHERS, BECAUSE, IT IS
STANDARDIZED,
UNIFORM, DEPENDABLE. EFFICIENT. ONE
GALLON OF KRESO DIP NO.I MAKES 60
TO 100 GALLONS OF SOLUTION(DEPENDING
« UPON WHAT USE IS TO BE HADE OF IT.)
REAL NECESSITY ABOUT
HORSES,CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE,
DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK FOR LEAFLET
DESCRIBING A NEW CEMENT HOG WALLOW,
-s ARE INTERESTED.
PARKE, DAVIS & CO.
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL
INDUSTRY.
DETROIT, MICH
U.S.
YOU
“MEN
DE
WHO KNOW”
USE THE
LAVAL
CREAM SEPARATOR
Does it not mean a great deal to YOU, the prospective
buyer of a Cream Separator, that such men as
Andrew Carnegie, the great steel magnate
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J. C. Hoagland, Pres’t Royal Baking Powder Co.
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C. W. Seamans, Pres’t Remington Typewriter Co.
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and many othei’S like them, good dairy farmers as well as great
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1911.
THE RURAL* NEW-YORKER
447
MAKING AN OX YOKE.
H. W. S. is correct as to oxen being a
solution as a team for a poor man, but
should not lose sight of the fact that they
are the most profitable team for the large
farmer. I do not mean one yoke of oxen
with one man and one plow, but two teams
abreast and let one man turn three fur¬
rows. The time is coming when the gaso¬
line motor is practical for the moderately
large farm, but for the present oxen are
the best except on the large western tracts.
The economical sized farm is one that will
keep two yoke of oxen and a 1,200-pound
team of horses, with another horse to drive
and fill in as the third horse where needed.
The oxen will do all of the heavy work,
including the hauling of hay and grain.
Horses cultivate the corn and do the mow¬
ing and reaping. It will need three horses
on the binder, although the oxen will do
2.* HOLES EOHBOm
fenugreek, red pepper, charcoal and sul¬
phur as a tonic, and how much would you
advise using? W. E. C.
Yashon, Wash.
To get eggs in paying quantities dur¬
ing the Fall and Winter months, up to
and including January, it is necessary
to rely almost entirely upon pullets
which were hatched the preceding
Spring, unless you have an extra good
strain of layers which have been selected
and bred for their laying qualities in¬
stead of their standard qualifications.
The American Standard of Perfection
does not take the laying qualities of a
bird into consideration at all at the pres¬
ent time. You are certainly taking good
care of your flock, and I am unable to
suggest much improvement unless it
would be slightly to increase the green
cut bone. If you would select a few of
your best, layers to breed from and con-
STAPLE
* — 9" — H i^- 8" ?j*r- s"
DIAGRAM OF OX YOKE. Fir,. 149.
the binding if a right-band cutting ma- tinue this practice for a few years, selling
.bine is used. One good yoke of oxen off all old stock every Fall, except the
will handle about the same load as three best layers which are required for breed¬
ers, I think you will find that your dis¬
couraging experience this Winter will
horses, although not quite so fast.
H. W. S. is wrong in his idea of fast
oxen, or of working in harness. Work them
at an ox gait and load heavily. An ox
is as much out of place in a collar, so
far as easy work is concerned, as would
be a horse In a yoke. The yoke is just the
reason the ox can haul the larger load,
lie lifts and pushes, and the horse can
only push. Do not make the mistake of
using a straight yoke. The stick from
which yoke is made should be of light
wood (basswood is good) and Gxl2 inches.
If any of the readers happened to see that
yoke that was in the California exhibit at
the World’s Fair in Chicago he saw not
only a work of art, but a yoke in which a
pair of oxen could haul a three-horse load
easily. Not only use a good yoke to work
them in, but use a good one when training.
See that it fits.
I send you a rough sketch (Fig. 149)
diagramming a yoke the right size for the ave¬
rage size ox. Take a stick 6x12 inches and
draw a line one inch from and parallel with
one edge. Lay off eight inches and square.
Open compass eight inches and describe a
Half circle around the point where the two
lines intersect, which will leave three inches
at the top of circle. Turn the compass
along base line, which will lay off eight
inches and square. This will be the exact
center of yoke. The other half is drawn
the same way. Now lay off two inches on
each side of center line, from which points
draw lines that will intersect with the half
circle. Lay off four inches on each side
of the line that passes through the center
of the half circle, making eight inches at
the top of yoke and nine inches at the bot¬
tom. This is the line for boring the holes
f »r the bows. In other words, the centers
of the bows should be eight inches at top
and nine inches at bottom. Bore from the
top with two-inch auger far enough to pass
the half circle. Now you are ready to block
out the yoke. Block square and round
over the neck and down to the staple. This
rounding is important, and should be done
right. The ball of the thumb is the shape
of the rounding portion where it rests on
the necks. Have staple made with parallel
portion just far enough apart to let ring
pass, and large enough at bottom so chain
will easily pass through. Pass six 3-8-inch
bolts at points indicated by dots. Staple
-hould be 15-16 inch iron and ring 3-4
inch. One can buy a nice-looking straight
yoke cheaper than he can make one, but
1 have never found one in stock in which
an ox can work easily. People who make
these stock yokes would not know how
to use them and know nothing about what
is required for a good yoke.
NAT L. ROWE.
A Washington Laying Flock.
* have recently purchased a poultry
anch, stocked with S. C. White Leghorns,
hen« P a nfits il IayiaS age, 300 one-year-old
uens and 100 two-year-olds, which have
.iT?, !n aa °P'-n front (curtained)
. 24x1 12. divided into four rooms,
iney have been in the house since October
t cnoL1118?1’ after they are on the perch,
mpreuL er lne l,t1Ler three gallons of com-
mercial scratch feed ; at 10 a. m. I give
mnohSamG ’ 2* 2 P- m. nine gallons of
comprised of 200 pounds bran, 200
orUhfSi eornineaI, 200 pounds rolled oats
nnt? ey. an,d 100 pounds of shorts. The
ut.n are steamed before being
hnr,<I’ addm& three pounds of green ground
vHt° c°h neef cracklings for each 100 hens ;
forornnJ! and, charcoal in hoppers always;
also Alfalfa leaves in hopper;
' ° yarned and added to mash at 4
eorn Us ^ns .o£ efiual parts cracked
before n<tnWheat n n ^tter ; fresh soft water
thorofiehnremi a .i of the -time. Houses
gettimr°h3n clTaned weekly. As I am only
dozen eggs a week and my
vondweTi0r goLfoiIr tiroes that, what think
jou is the matter? What do you think of
prove to be a “blessing in disguise.” One
of the most serious handicaps to the
poultry business at t 'e present time is
that the birds have jeen bred promis¬
cuously from anything and everything,
more often for fancy points than any¬
thing else, until we have, so far as my
observation has reached, no better stock
than we had several years ago, consider¬
ing the utility qualities only. I cannot
advise the use of tonics except as a
medicine. c. S. G.
You Insure
Your Buildings
against wind and light¬
ning. Do you protect
them against weathering ?
Rain and frost get into
every little grain and crack
of the boards of an unpainted
building and cause early rot
and ruin.
Paint made of
“Dutch Boy Painter”
White Lead
and genuine linseed oil gives buildings a
coating weather can’t get through. It
saves repair bills and early rebuilding.
Get "Dutch Boy Fainter” White Lead for
your painter — you can tell it by the Dutch Boy
painter on every keg.
We want you to write for our “ Helps
No. 1108 which answer all Questions
about painting.
National Lead Company
New York Cleveland Chicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
John T. Lewis A Bros. Co., Philadelphia
National Lead & Oil Co., Pittsburgh
The Best Way To ConserveThe
Natural Resources 0 f \our Farm
YOUR land is your biggest asset. On its power to grow good
crops depends your very livelihood. What are you doing to
insure its continued fertility— your future prosperity?
There is a great national movement on foot now for “The
Conservation of Our Natural Resources.” Don’t think this ap¬
plies only to our forests and coal mines. The soil, too, has been
drained of its natural wealth by season after season of bumper
crops. For your own good, join the soil conservation
movement now. Begin on your own farm. There is a
practical, economical, profitable way. Invest in an
I H C Manure Spreader
as hundreds of other farmers have done. By distribu¬
ting your manure with one of these efficient machines
you can keep your land always in top-notch condition.
Barnyard manure is rich in the elements that enrich the
soil, and an I H C Manure Spreader enables you to
distribute it in the way to use all of it to the best
advantage. I H C Spreaders are so designed that
the manure can be spread in just the right amount
^required by the condition of the soil — a heavy coat
where it is most needed — a light
top dressing where that is best.
They are simple and strong in
every part. Their dependability has
been proved by years of service.
I H C Spreaders are made in three styles :
Kemp 20th Century
Corn King Cloverleaf
in sizes suitable for any size farm.
Call on the I H C local dealer and see the one
best adapted to your needs. Ask him about the
bigger profits I H C Spreaders are bringing to
users. If you prefer, write direct fori H C Spreader
catalogue and full information.
Internationa! Harvester Company of America
(Incorporated)
I H C
Service Bureau
The purpose of
this Bureau is to
furnish farmers with
information on bet¬
ter farming. If you
have any worthy
question concerning
soils, crops, pests,
fertilizer, etc,, write
to the IHC Service
Bureau, and learn
what our experts
and others have
found out concern¬
ing those subjects.
Chicago
USA
NATURAL Ground PHOSPHATE
lit Rotating Your
Crops don’t fail J
to apply Natural
t i n e-Ci round
Phosphate when
breaking your clover,
grass or grain stubble
sods. •, This is the best
time to apply it to the
soil direct Address
THE RELIABLE
LAND
BUILD
ER
The right amount
applied just then,
at not over $1.00
per acre cost per
crop, will increase
each crop grown dur¬
ing the rotation from 50
to 75X Write for free
Booklet, telling all
about it.
THE FARMERS GROUND ROCK PHOSPHATE CO.EsIel
Bickmore’s
Harness and Saddle Gails
all
ure
Quinn's Ointment
iloes for tho horse what no other remedy can do.
There’s not a curb, splint, spavin, wind puff or hunch
that it will not remove. Sure and speedy. Thous¬
ands of horse owners use it — Quinn’s alone. They
regard it as the unfailing remedy.
PRICE 91.00 PER BOTTLE.
At all druggists or sent by mail. Testimonials free.
W. B. Eddy & Co., Whitehall, New York.
Great hot weather remedy for galls, sore
shoulders, wire cuts, sores. A healing, cur¬
ing salve in use 18 years; standard remedy
with horsemen. Cures while horse work s. Sold
by dealers ; money back if it falls. Send 5c
(for postage and packing) and get sample
and 84-page valuable horse book.
Bickmore Call Cure Company
Box 232 Old Town, Maine
WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID, $8.75
for 4 Buggy Wheel*, Steel Tires. With Rubber Tires,
$15.20. I maoufacture wh^ela % to 4 in. tread. Buggy
Tops $5.50, Shafts $2.00, Top Buggies $2;{, Harness $5*
L/*arn how to buy direct. Catalog free. R-^air Wheels,
$5.50. Wagoa Umbrella Fuxs, >V.K. BOOB, Ciu’ti, 0*
Low Factory Price Sells This Cultivator Quick
30 Days’ Trial— No Money Down p “
Freight Paid No Matter Where You Live
We manufacture the Cultivator you want in the Spring Tooth, Pivot Axle, or
Walking Style, or Lever Drag— each the most perfect tool of its class— guaranteed
for all time— and each offered at a delivered price that shames all competitors.
Pick the one best suited to your needs and try it tree, 30 days or more. We
demand no money in advance, no deposit.
We show here the original spring-tooth cultivator brought down to 1911 perfec¬
tion. Does everything any spring tooth does, in all soils— does it better. Does
work no other cultivator can do. Has widest range of adjustments. With center
section of 5 teeth bolted in, makes a first-class, easy-riding, spring-tooth harrow.
Also a perfect Broadcast Seeder and Bean Harvester with simple attachments.
Take Your Choice
- of Cash or Credit
No other cultivators made, regardless of prices asked, compare with Detroit-
Amencans. Thousands in use in all States. Satisfaction guaranteed on quality
and prices and terms are right. Cash. 30 days or long time payments. No dealer,
no agent, no mail-order house can give you this quality— a Detroit-American.
We deal only direct from factory.
Write for free book. See the cultivator you want at the right price. Also shows
the Detroit- American Manure Spreader and Tongueless Disc Harrows. Don’t
watt till it’s too late to learn how much we save you. Send postal by next mail,
American Harrow Co., 1632 Hastings St., Detroit, IWSch
Detroit - American
4-9=8
THE RURAL) NEW-YORKEB
April 1,
WINTER WORK IN WISCONSIN.
We want to get the truth about locali¬
ties. The country seems to be full of
people who are trying to sell land in
one section or another. Most of them
tell only the good things which may
possibly be said of their locality, and
carefully cover up anything that might
throw a shadow on their bright pic¬
ture. That is why it is hard to tell a
man just what he may expect in a new
locality. The following report is sent us
from Rusk County, Wis. It may make
some of our Texas or Florida friends
shiver, but Mr. Hazen puts it well when
he says that a hustling poor man can
box stall next the cows. The platform
on which the cows stand will need to
be from four feet to four feet 10 inches,
to accommodate the different length of
cows. This may be graduated, with the
short ones in one end, the long ones
in the other, or with a fastening device
that will set them back or forward. Then
four feet six inches will accommodate
everything, except very long ones. The
gutter should be 16 inches, with eight
inches drop behind the cows, and six
inches with the walk behind. Whether
the cows shall stand face to face or
“tail to” is largely a matter of individual
preference. Personally I like the former
way, as more convenient to feed. If one
can drive through with a team it is
better to have them face out; then the
manure can be loaded from either side.
A WISCONSIN FARMER’S WINTER WORK. Fig. 150.
earn a home while a lazy man will
starve. The curse of some warm coun¬
tries is the fact that a lazy man need
not starve :
The sawmills around Ingram have shut
down for the last two years, and the only
thing the farmers can do in the Winter now
is to make railroad ties and pulp wood.
The load I have on the sleigh is worth
$2.50 at the paper mill, or $2 at railroad
track. There are three big paper mills at
Ladysmith, 14 miles from here, where they
take hemlock, balsam, poplar and willow at
$2.50 per cord and spruce is worth $6.50
per cord. Railroad ties are worth at the
track 20 cents, 24 cents and 10 cents re¬
spectively. A poor man who is a hustler
can make a living here and pay for a piece
of land, but a lazy man will starve in
three months. d. h. hazen.
This is desirable in the event of using
a milking machine. The platform and
gutters for both sides will occupy. 12
feet and four inches; 10 feet and eight
inches will make a good driveway. This
will make 23 feet, from four to five feet
wide. Leave a good space for feeding
mangers and alleys on either- side. If
one wished he could make some calf
pens in the eight or nine feet left.
There is no floor so economical for a
stable as cement. The objection to its
being cold is overcome by putting a
heavy tar paper between the upper and
lower layers of cement, tarred on both
sides to make it stick. This will cut
off the dampness from below. Such a'
floor will absorb the heat from the
cow’s body, and is really warmer than a
board one. edward van aestyne.
PLANNING A BARN.
We are going to build a new barn tbis
Spring 120x40 feet. Would it be better for
us to build a basement stable or not? That
is, could we ventilate the basement as well,
and would it be as warm aud stock as
free from disease as if the stable was in the
frame? We have some very cold weather
here, sometimes 20 below zero. We wish to
stable about 50 head of cattle and four or
six horses. Please give us some floor plan.
What would be the best way to ventilate?
We could place this barn so we could drive
in the gable end aud thereby do away with
a hay fork. Would this be advisable?
Chateaugay, N. Y. e. h. p.
I would advise having the stable in
the frame, rather than in the basement.
With the latter there is always more
danger from dampness, and there is
usually no economy of construction.
With a well-lined and ceiled wall there
is no trouble about having the stable
warm enough. I consider 40 degrees
about right. If the sides are lathed and
plastered, or covered with plaster board,
as many use, this will add to the
warmth, appearance and cleanliness.
With a new barn and stable I would
recommend the “King system” of ven¬
tilation, with an intake for the air to
come in near the ceiling, and the out-
take near the floor, with the flues ex¬
tending above the peak of the roof. It
certainly is an advantage to be able to
drive in the gable end, so long as you
do not have to rise too heavy a grade
to accomplish it.
A cow will need about three feet six
inches of space ; 25 with this distance
between them, with an alley to pass
through, would mean 90 feet in length.
Two rows would accommodate 50 cows.
This will leave 30 feet in the. end for
the horse stalls, closets and granaries,
and perhaps a place for a bull pen and a
CLIP YOUR HORSES
IN THE SPRING
Clipped horses have the best of it in every
way. They not only look better, but they
are fresh and full of life and vigor. Their
feed does them more good, they rest better
and do better work. They are not subject
to coughs, colds, pneumonia, etc., which
ruin many good horses. Clip before you
put the horses at the spring work. You
can clip a horse in 30 minutes with this
Stewart
Ball
Bearing
Clipping
Machine
It turns easiest, clips fastest
and lasts longest of all clip¬
ping machines.
Anyone can operate it
and do good work.
It has the famous Stewart
one-nut tension knife — high
est grade.
Price of
machine,
all complete,
shown, is only
Get one from your dealer or
send $2.00 and we will ship
C. O. D. for balance. Send
today or write for our new
1911 catalogue.
Chicago Flexible Shaft Co.
143 La Salle Ave
CHICAGO
These three machines are the biggest time and labor
savers that ever traveled a hay field :
The Admiral Mower
has won a reputation as the easiest running, most powerful cutting and
durable mower. This is because it is the only one with a floating frame,
genuine under-draft, and uniform tilt to the cutter-bar. Thick grass can
never force an Admiral to “hang up.” Your team can draw it all day easily.
The No. 10 Hay Rake
is all steel construction that stands up
under the wear and tear of all fields.
Each tooth is protected against
breakage by coil relief springs and
each is individually held. It is the
strongest, most serviceable, hence,
the most economical hay rake made.
The Tedder
like our'rake, is built of steel and the
frame is made exceptionally strong to
stand the constant vibration of the
forks. Each fork has a relief spring
to prevent breakage. It is one of
the most profitable machines in hay¬
ing time.
Get Our Bid Diamond Jubilee Catalog
and read all about these wonderful ma¬
chines. We ’lave made it especially inter¬
esting. became it marks our 60th year in
farm machin ry making. Every page holds
something oi value to every progressive
fanner. Send for it today— just a postal
with your name and address.
Walter A. Wood Me & R. M. Go.
Box 231
Hoosick Falls, N. Y.
In
44 Eating
Their
Heads
OH"
-reasons (glffleal
Feeding1 milk to a calf robs
\\\jjW you of 50 to 7 5 cents per day.
>'W Gregson’s Calf Meal is a perfect
substitute for milk. Enables you to
rkeep your best calves, raise them
*away from the cow, make strong, profit-
"giving milkers and cost you but 5 cents
per head a day.
The Substitute for Milk
is a palatable, perfectly balanced feed with just the right amount of pro*
tein, fat and carbohydrate to take the place of milk. Calves relish it at
once. Start into healthy, vigorous growth from the first day. _
Don’t raise your calves at “side of cow.” It’s too expensive. Why
spend 50 to 75 cents a day when 5 cents worth of Gregson’s Calf Meal
will do the same work easier and with less trouble. Read what this de¬
lighted user says: Fox Chase, Pa., October 26, 1910
The Great Western Cereal Co., Chicago. Ill. , _ , , , *... ,,,Arn ,,P;ir,f>d
Gentlemen: -We raised two fine heifers on yourGregson’s CalfMeal Botivereieanett
about the third day, and made remarkable growth, and in a short * 1 me. hu v-
neighbors by their size. It is certainly a satisfaction to raise on®
ing cows of doubtful value and breed. We fully believe thatmorpfarmerswoulddpso it tney
knew our experience with Gregsou’s, as it is easy to prepare, and the tost of feeding slight.
Very truly yours, F. J. COAKLEY.
Ask your dealer for Gregson’s Calf Meal. If he can’t supply you, write
us. Send for interesting booklet with valuable information about calves.
The GREAT WESTERN CEREAL CO. KS. Chicago
MAKERS OF QUALITY FEEDS
Boss Feed. Gregson’s Calf Meal, Daisy Dairy Feed, Sterling Scratch Feed, Sterling Chick Feed
BRANCHES „ . .
Boston, New York, Pittsburg, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Indianapolis, Memplii^
1911.
THE RURAIs NEW-YORKER
4-4Q
I X-* IS. HAULING MILK,
The California Experiment Station has
been testing methods of handling milk
and cream. Among other things they
looked up the care of cream which is
“gathered” or brought from the farms
into the creamery Much of this cream is
brought in unprotected cans, and some¬
times in open wagons, so that the sun
beats directly upon the can at a high
temperature. There is no. doubt but such
high temperature will often affect the
milk or cream, and the cans ought to be
protected. Cut below from this bulletin
shows on one side an unprotected
In effect March 1 the New York Ex¬
change price was reduced one-half cent to
$1.61 per 40-quart can, netting 3% cents
to shippers in 26-cent zone who have no
additional station charges.
No milk sold in this vicinity at present ;
creamery six miles distant to which some
milk and cream is delivered in Spring and
Summer. Poultry is 8 to 10 cents a pound ;
eggs, 14 cents a dozen ; butter, 18 cents,
gathered each week by hucksters and taken
to Cincinnati. Heavy rain first of last
PROTECTING MILK CANS.
week and mud roads bad; a few warm
days, but now cold again. J. A. m.
St. Martin, 0.
I have been reading your articles on the
consumer’s dollar and am much interested.
We peddled milk in a city of 40,000 popula¬
tion and there were many other farmers and
three companies that bought and peddled
milk. They paid an average of three cents
per quart and retailed for from five to eight
cents and then only made a fair profit. The
trouble is they are all independent and want
the other fellow’s customers, and they drive
10 miles to unload or peddle 200 quarts
of milk, where if they were properly or¬
ganized they could each deliver 400 quarts
In driving one-half mile and have no bad
debts. What we need is organized farmers'
companies to market our produce direct to
the consumers. We could then supply the
city people at 10 per cent less than they
are now paying and get 50 per cent more
for our produce. A grocer told me if he
couldn’t make 40 per cent, on potatoes and
apples he wouldn’t handle them. That is
how the city people think the farmers are
getting rich. B. A.
Hallstead, Pa.
Grains for Milch Cows.
I saw a question asked by J. S. D. con¬
cerning the storing of wet brewers’ grains.
I know a farmer, a neighbor of mine, who
has been using a section of his regular silo
for this purpose for the last three years,
buying by carload lots. This silo is a 10-
foot section of his regular silo, which was
blown over four or five years ago. Finding
that considerable of the lumber was broken
and that he did not require one so high for
his use, he cut the original height down
about 10 foot. After a year or so, being
dissatisfied with the cement pits for grain
storage, the remaining lumber of the silo
was erected into a wet grain tank outside
of the barn, even with the ground surface on
a cement foundation. This tank or silo has
given great satisfaction, the grains keeping
well, and much better than in a square tank.
Of course they must be tramped well when
storing, and a carload of 20 tons can be put
away nicely. Of course $7 per ton would
require a good place to store them and
save as much as possible. However, the
grains here do not cost on an average of
over $4 per ton. E. l. s.
New Jersey.
On page 333, J. S. D. asks if it would
be practical to store wet brewers’ grains in
silo. I would advise him not to attempt
it ; to keep them in that way during the
remainder of the season he will surely
lose them. The only way to keep grains
in the Summer time is to dig a pit 10 feet
deep, six feet wide and 12 feet long, or
Us equivalent in cubic feet, and then lay up
a waterproof concrete wall all around and
protect it with a tight roof. When you
put your grains in pack them down with
ail the force you have, and don’t put over
a ton in at a time without packing them
down hard, using a little salt, say about
one-half bushel to a carload. Packed in
this manner they will keep at any season
of the year, and in the Winter fed with
sood clean cornstalks will produce more
milk for less money than any feed on the
market, but you must have your feeding
tubs clean and don’t let any grains lie
around to decay. c e s
Bloom ingdale, N. J.
can. In the center is a can wrapped
in ordinary burlap and kept wet. At the
other side is a' can with a dry felt jacket.
Experiments were made in taking the
temperature of the cream in these differ¬
ent cans. In a covered wagon, where
the cans were protected from the sun,
after five hours the temperature in the
unprotected cans rose from 60 to 82 de¬
grees. Where protected by the dry felt
cover the temperature was 66 degrees,
and inside the wet burlap 67. Where
the milk was kept in the sun without
protection, starting with 60, the unpro¬
tected milk rose to 96 ; that inside the
wet burlap to 70 and that inside the dry
cover 73.
When you write advertisers mentiou The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and
"a square deal.” See guarantee page lfi.
“FOR DAIRY COWS”
An Easy Way to Compound
a Properly Balanced
Ration.
A good, substantial foundation for a
properly balanced ration can be ob¬
tained from a combination of 4 lbs.
Dried Beet Pulp (preferably moistened
for several hours before using) with 2
lbs. 41% Cotton-seed meal, or in place
of the Cotton-seed meal use 3 lbs. gluten
feed, 3)4 to 4 lbs. Distillers’ Dried
Grains or 3)4 to 4 lbs. Dried Brewers’
Grains. Add to this combination any
grain that is available to you — corn,
oats, buckwheat, barley, middlings or
bran — and you will have a ration which
will closely approximate the Standard.
If wheat bran or wheat middlings are
used, 3)4 lbs. of'Dried Distillers’ Grains
or Dried Brewers’ Grains should be
ample, but with corn, oats, buckwheat
or barley, use 4lbs. This recommenda¬
tion assumes that your roughage (is
equivalent in feeding value to 18 lbs. of
mixed hay. If the roughage is poor, it
may be necessary to slightly increase
the protein feed by using a little more
Cotton-seed meal, gluten feed. Distillers’
Dried Grains or Brewers’ Dried Grains.
Dried Beet pulp can be obtained from
local feed dealers generally or from
THE LARROWE MILLING CO.,
1507 Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
Who Told You
? Who said you can’t i
• crease your milk ar
butter profits ? Do you want to try tl
Champion Milk Cooler free for 30 da1
and prove by actual test that you can
Thousands have tried — thousands have
proved — get in line. Keep
your milk sweet for a long
time— improve your butter
flavor— get bigger profits. The
Champion is simplicity itself —
cleaned in a jiffy— lasts for
years. Get all the facts in free
booklet— write now. Insist on
the genuine Champion. Hurry j
up— send a postal.
champion milk COOLER CO.
11th STREET. CORTLAND, N. Y.
$1,000.00
A manufacturer of Cream Separators, our
“would-be competitor,” bas advertised extensively
the f ollowiug false statement :
“AN HONEST CAPACITY CREAM
SEPARATOR”
“We make the claim that under any and all
conditions a DeLaval machine rated at 450
pounds capacity will skim as much whole-milk
in an hour as any “would-be” competitive
machine rated at 600 pounds per hour, and
we have proved this statement so often in
actual contests, that it has come to be an ac¬
cepted fact by all well-informed dairymen.”
So far as the United States Cream Separator is concerned
this statement is absolutely untrue. We offer $1,000.00 to
any State Dairymen’s Association before whom the DeLaval
can prove their claim.
The following facts are known world wide, viz :
That the United States Separators run their full rated
capacities, and more.
That we Guarantee every UNITED STATES
SEPARATOR to separate its full rated capacity.
That the DeLaval and other “would-be competitors”
have been beaten by the United States in capacity as well
as in efficiency in every National and International contest;
at the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, in 50 consecutive
runs, extending over 30 days with the milk of 10 different
breeds of cows ; at the Alaska- Yukon-Pacilic Exposition at
Seattle in 1909, where the United States wa,s awarded the
only Grand Prize.
In their efforts to overcome the superiority of the United
States Separator, as demonstrated by the recognized truths,
the DeLaval resort to extravagant and untruthful statements
like the one quoted above.
The United States Separator excels in efficiency and all
other points that go to make a perfect cream separator.
Send for Catalog No. 159 now and learn the full truth.
Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.
Distributing Warehouses in all Dairy Sections of the Country.
FOR MENDING HARNESS
shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, car¬
pets, saddles, suit cases, buggy tops.
It takes
a wax -
thread,
feeds
from spool ..
does tho work of
any harness maker
machine. It is indis¬
pensable for farmers.
Agents wanted. Sent prepaid
for $1.25. Send at once for
catalog. ' STEW ART-SKINNER CO.
35Hermon Street. Worcester. Mass.
dash boards, or any heavy material.
Stewart’ s Automatic
Awl is the only per¬
fect Sewing
Awl.
CIRCULAR 44
THE PRESERVATION OF TIMBER
Ready for free distribution.
Contains considerable information on the simplest
and best means of preventing the decay of shingles,
porches, etc., as also details about the cheapest
wood preserving paint for farm buildings. Send
us a postal now.
CARBOLINEUM WOOD PRESERVING CO.
181 Franklin Street. New York, N. Y.
Write
to-day.
Motsinger Auto Sparker
Starts Gas Engines Cheaper
& Runs Than Batteries
Saves lUicost overami overagatn.
Fits and will double tho efficiency
of any gas or gasoline Btaiionary,
marine, portable or gas trac¬
tor engines. Produces cur¬
rent for ignition, electric
lights and charging storage
batteries. Sold on trial and
guaranteed.
MOTSINGER DEVICE MFG. CO.
115 Harold St., La Fayette. Ind.
The Most Economical
Engine Ever Built
‘DlJOPIvE everywhere are rejoicing that at last
V they can have an engine that runs on coal oil
faultlessly. ®A11 this is the result of gasoline
going up because of the big automobile demand.
Kerosene costs 6 to 16c less per gallon than gasoline —
and gasoline keeps on going; up higher and higher.
This engine runs on less than half the cost of a gaso¬
line engine right now. Also runs on any engine fuel.
Perfection Kerosene Engine
15 Days’ Free Trial
You can have this remarkable
money-saving engine for *15 days'
free trial. Go to your local dealer,
ask him to show you the "Perfec¬
tion" and have it sent to your farm.
Try it thoroughly for 15 days. If
at the end of that time you are not
entirely satisfied, return the
engine to your dealer
every dollar you have paid
for it will be refunded
cheerfully.
AND DON’T MISS our
free Engine Book. Get
a copy from your deal¬
er. In the event that
your dealer does not
carry the* 'Perfection, "
write to us. q
Caille Perfection
Motor Company, 211 Second Av.,
AMERICAN
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
with metal fence posts have
developed this post. It is
now thoroughly practical, fill¬
ing every requirement on the
farm, in the town, for rail¬
roads and wherever fence posts
are used.
Made of tough steel, heavily
zinc coated. Durability
proven by us— ^ -ten years’ ac¬
tual use showing good as new.
Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
for it.
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 8 Wire Co.
Chicago :
115 Adams Street
Denver :
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
New York;
50 Church Street
San Francisco :
16th and Folsom Sts.
SAVE HALF THE LABOR
in sawing wood. You can do
this and at the same Unie,
cut more wood in a given
time than in any other way
by using
Table is mounted on grooved rolls, moves
easily — cut of saw is down instead of
against the operator as in old style ma¬
chines. Must be seen to be appreciated. We also
manufacture Drag Saws. Saw and Shingle Mills,
detour price, on 1‘anvai Belting; they will surprise jou.
Send for prices and full information. * “Ask about Hoists,”
Ireland Machine 8 Foundry Co. .14 Slate St.. Norwich. N.Y.
460
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
April 1,
The Henyard.
CEMENT FLOOR FOR HENHOUSE.
I am on the point of building one of Mr.
Mapes’s henhouses, but think I will make
the roof gambrel, thus giving more head
room. I am in doubt about a cement floor.
I know the general thought is that for
humans to stand on cement all day will
cause rheumatism. Don’t you think it might
cause trouble with hens, cement being such
cold stuff? There must be plenty of peo¬
ple who have used it in henhouses and
would know. f. m. c.
Rheumatism is a blood disease and is
generally thought to be brought about
by dampness. But it is location and not
material that causes dampness and
rheumatism. A cement floor, if properly
made, is not damp. We first pave the
floor like a Telford roadbed and spread
cracked stone or coarse gravel over the
top to fill chinks and prevent cement
running down; then we spread a layer
of cement over it and we have a floor
perfectly drained, easy to clean, rat
proof, and the driest floor we know of.
Of course, no one should ever allow a
hen to stand on any kind of a' bare floor,
and with four or five inches of good
litter only the rats can tell whether the
floor is cement or something else.
F. Q. WHITE.
BRONZE TURKEYS.
There will be a fresh demand for
eggs and stock of turkeys this year. In
the section where the 17-year locusts
are expected turkeys will have a feast,
as they are particularly fond of this in¬
sect. On many farms turkey raising has
become almost a lost art, but in spite
of “blackhead” and other diseases,
farmers are disposed to try this fowl
A BRONZE TURKEY. Fig. 151.
once more. The Bronze is the favorite
breed with most farmers, though we
like the White Hollands. The Bronze
birds are large and beautiful, and great
foragers. The picture of a good Bronze
is shown at Fig. 151. Let no one try
turkey raising expecting that the little
ones are easy to raise. It is a job to
get them through the dangerous period.
But it is great satisfaction to have a
good flock on the farm.
Clipping Hens’ Wings
Will it harm in any way the parent or
the offspring if we should cut out wing off
the Leghorn fowls to prevent them from
flying over the fence? Maybe some of your
readers have had any experience with this.
Plainfield, N. J. s> A-
This refers to the flight feathers and
is done frequently to prevent the hens
from flying out when they are kept m
small runs. Where the roosts are low,
or have an incline, so the liens can get
to their nests and perches easily, there is
no harm done by clipping the flight
feathers of one wing. 1 his must not be
done to the male, however, nor is it
necessary, as the male will stay quietl}
with the hens. floyd q. white.
Lice and Sitting Hens.
Chicks hatched in an incubator are free
from lice— one of the great advantages of
artificial hatching over the natural method
with the hen. Chicks that are lousy do
not thrive; when they become badly infested
with these pests they are very likely to
die. Lice are probably responsible lor more
deaths among newly-hatched chicks than
any other cause for mortality. It is neeei
wise to use a hen for hatching without
subjecting her to a thorough treatment to
get rid of any lice that she may have upon
her body, no matter how careful we may be
with our fowls or how firmly we may believe
them to be entirely free from vermin. A
clean nest to begin with, well sprayed with
a good lice killer; before the hen is set
upon the eggs she should be well dusted
with a good insect powder. If she has lice
upon her the powder will kill them, but
it will not affect the eggs of lice — the nits —
and these may be expected to hatch out a
new crop of lice in the course of live or six
days, so it is necessary to repeat the dusting
about this time. Now, if a third dusting
is used three or four days before the hatch¬
ing time, to catch possible stragglers that
might have escaped the previous applica¬
tions we may look forward with confidence
to a hatch that will be as free from vermin
as if the chicks had been hatched in an
incubator. But few sitting hens ever get
that amount of attention. w. r. f.
Bordeaux Mixture and Hens.
I have rye under our fruit trees which
the hens eat freely. If I spray with Bor¬
deaux mixture, will it poison the liens?
E. w. R.
Bordeaux alone will not be likely to hurt
the hens, with arsenic added it might do so.
Complete Henyard Fertilizer.
I would like to use a mixture of floats,
gypsum and fine sifted coal ashes on my
droppings boards, in quantity and propor¬
tions to come as close as possible to a
complete fertilizer, for general farm and
garden crops, requiring only the addition
of some potash. l. c. w.
We see no reason for adding the gypsum
or land plaster. The “floats’’ and sifted
coal ashes will dry out the manure so it
will keep. Acid phosphate will be better
than the gypsum for holding the ammonia,
and also furnish some available phosphoric
acid, which you will need in the garden.
Try one-third acid phosphate and two-
thirds floats with the coal ashes. Kaimt
is used by some poultrymen in storing the
droppings. It keeps the manure and fur¬
nishes potash.
The Nest Egg Fallacy.
After many years’ experience with hens,
I have come to the conclusion that the
nest egg must go, along with some other
mvths. There is no such thing as coaxing
a hen to lay ; she does it like she breathes,
because she cannot do otherwise, provided
the conditions for egg producing are right.
There is no chance about it. If you keep
your hens in comfortable quarters, so that
their vitality is not all spent in keeping
warm, in Winter, and give them the proper
egg-producing food, they simply can't help
laying. A warm feed of table scraps in
the morning and corn or other grain food
before roosting time, plenty of fresh, clean
water to drink, and gravel to scratch in,
along with all green scraps from the table,
cabbage leaves, celery tops and whatever
is commonly thrown in the garbage, will
encourage the egg yield wonderfully.
Indiana. m. r. b.
Hex Lice. — To rid a building of hen
lice, mites, etc., (page 294), don t tear it
to pieces, nor undertake a nasty spraying
job. Simply get some carbolineum avena-
rius. It is inexpensive, and a gallon will
last the average poultry keeper for years.
Paint well the roosts with it and wherever
these come in contact with supports or
sides of buildings ; apply to every crack,
and also to joints in nest boxes. It marks
a dead line for vermin. Red mites will
disappear as if by magic. Its effects are
lasting. gori & son.
Corn Fodder for Litter. — Noting article
on page 340 on shavings for litter, would
like to give my experience. We have used
corn fodder cut fine with a “Tornado cutter
for several years as litter in the scratching
pens with good results. The fowls appreci¬
ate it as much as they do their grain ra¬
tion, and consume much of it; it absorbs
all moisture, and when removed from pens
can be used as mulch. We find that by
giving a bushel in each pen frequently it
supplies a roughage that the fowls cannot
get from any other litter. Fowls eat greed-
ilv all particles of leaves and small pieces
of pith, yet eggs are not “pithy.” e. r. f.
Pennsylvania.
Wet Grains in Storage. — On page 333
.T S. D. asked if you could store wet brew¬
ery grains by car lots. I have stored car
lots in pits with a good cover, well packed,
and over every layer of grain sprinkled
some salt. Be sure to have it well packed
and covered up ; it will keep for months.
You don’t have to go to the expense to
built a silo for that purpose. I wish I
could get hold of car lots of grains in
mv section where I live. H. k.
'Whitney’s Point, N. Y.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 16.
JACOBSON
SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING
WATER TANK.
>’o Freezing No Overheating
Jio Large Water Tank
The Agency is available in Rome sections and
valuable in all.
JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO.
Ill Irvine Street Warren.Pa.
gasoline, distillate, any fuel oil, perfectly— withoutchange.
Cheapest, Safest, Simplest
POWER
for barn work, house work, mill work, dairy work, well
work, spraying, sawing, irrigation.electriclights, pumping.
Astonishing success. More power gallon for gallon. Hun¬
dred less parts. Patentthrottlo gives three engines for the
price of one. Catalog free — tells how.
Doubleduty tank revolutionizes cooling
systems. Force feed lubricator — per¬
fect oiling. Automobile mufflor.
Bail bearing governor. Starts in¬
stantly. No pro-heating. No
crank Experience unnec¬
essary Women canopor-
tate. Vibration elimina-
ed. Quality high— price
low. Comes complete.
Always hungry for
work — and thrives on it.
FREE TRIAL.
No obligation till satis¬
fied. 10-year guarantee.
*• Engine Facts" free
write for it NOW.
Ellis Engine Co.,
51 Mullett St.. DETROIT, MICH
! Davenport Barn at Lenoir, N. C., Roofed with NEPONSETParofi
Weather Insurance
Rain or snow, if they find even a small crack in
your roof, can do almost as much damage as a fire.
Nepon
Roofings
For Different Types of Buildings
give absolute protection against storm. They cannot leak and
they have proved it in every climate under every condition for a
great many years.
Write for Book of Plans for Farm and Poultry Buildings
F. W. BIRD & SON, 129 Neponset Street, East Walpole, Mass.
Established 1795. Originators of Complete Ready Roofings and Waterproof Building Papers.
NewYork, Washington, Chicago, Portland, Ore., San Francisco, Hamilton, Ont., Winnipeg, Montreal, St. John
Mills: East Walpole, Mass. ; Norwood, Mass.; Phillipsdalc. R. I.; Hamilton. Ont.; Pont Rouge. Quebec
IME
FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Mixtures of Potash, Phosphate Rock and Lime of
different proportions
LAND PLASTER,
PHOSPHATE ROCK,
AGRICULTURAL SALT, Etc.
ALL GUARANTEED
AGENTS WANTED
Caledonia Chemical Co,, Caledonia, N. V,
’.SyW.
”We Wan!
Our 1911
rCataIog In the Home
rof Every Farmer In America’
178 pages filled from cover to cover with gen-
ruino Buggy, Harness and Saddle bargains; 251 illus-
Ftrations, many in colors; 138 styles of Vehicles, 74 de-
f signs in harness; the biggest and best book ever printed
fin this line. Don't miss sending for it!
Murray Highest Award Buggies Direct from
His Factory — Four Weeks Road Trial —
Insures Safe Delivery — Two Years' Guarantee
Before buying any kind ol vehicle, Just get the 1911
Murray Style Book and
compare Murray Price, with
| all others. Costs you noth- "
^ing. You might as well have
L this book in your home.
The Wilber H. \|/ Save
‘*WZ£sE<'#,'*» S30-<,#
Cincinnati,
_ Ohio
Send
For Thls^ ,
Free Book
Right Now.
From Factor/To Horse
Try the DELIN
Wt/f Your Money inYoi/rPocAef
Try it for 30 days on your own roads; then,
if you find it entirely satisfactory ,you pa>
us. Buggies— all styles-and harness at lowest
wholesale prices, direct to you, on approval.
No Cash With Order— No Deposit
“DELIN” offers more liberal terms ami
better values than you can get elsewhere.
Our FREE 1911 Catalog gives full information . bhowa
metal auto seat buggies and hundreds
of other dandy styles. Get acquainted
with tho values wo offer also with our
exclusive “DELIN'* terms. Write for
FREE CATALOG Today.
The Delin Carriage Co.
17 3«, Central Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio
The WITTEN
Auiojpalic Damp Cart
it What You Have Been
Looking For
A necessity for Farm-
, Fruit Growers,
Livery
Stables,
Cemeteries, Golf
Clubs, Dairies,
Stockmen, Con-
, tractors and all man¬
ufacturing plants.
^ __ Send today for free
Illustrated booklet telling all about this
iabor-saving cart.
Baker Mfg. Co„ 507Hunter Bldg., Chicago, III.
This Safety Lift
Saves Your Strength
You can do lribro heavy lifting alone than three men by
tho use of this handy device, lias a score of lines on the
faint every day. Saves lime and labor.
Just the thing for changing wagon boxes and auto
bodies, stretching wires, moving heavy stc.nes, storing
machinery, hoisting grain, doing an.V kind of lifting
about the farm.
Morgan Safety Lift
Locks At Any Angle
Holds or releases a load at a given point
without , nso of confusing chock cord. Cam
g’ri|>£ Wipe without gouging. Heavier the load,
the tighter it grips. No extra parts to get out
of order; So simple it can be operated by
ouo hand.
Made Entirely of Steel
Pulleys and blocks of best possible construc¬
tion. Will last a lifetime. Drop forged
swivel hook makes it easy to move load
about without unfastening lift.
Sold Direct From Factory
Made in two sizes. 2,500 lhs. capacity
*1 .75. G,000 lbs. capacity $3,00 These prices
good for a limited time only. Order di¬
rect from the manufacturer and save
dealer’s and jobber’s profits. Handiest thing
you ever had on the farm. Send for one to-day
— at once — while you think of it— and take ad¬
vantage of these special introductory prices.
MORGAN BLOCK CO.
Dept. 18, Cleveland, O.
Standard Among Drilling Machines
Tho oldest established manufacturers, the largest
line of drilling machines and tools, and 41 years
of successful operation in nearly eveiycountiy
in tho world, make
American Drilling Machines
Standard the world over.
For every possible condit ion of earth
and rock drilling and mineral pros¬
pecting we make a drill espe¬
cially designed for the re¬
quirement.
Catalog No, 105, the most
complete “drill hole” catalog
ever issued. Free.
The American Well Works
General Office and Works,
Aurora, Ill.
Chicago Office: First Na¬
tional Bank Bldg.
_ — PER ACRE and up; easy payments. Productive soil, mild climate,
I fine water, good roads, close markets, unsurpassed school and social ad-
I t-P vantages. Write for beautiful illustrated Quarterly, other attrac-
l tive literature and cheap excursion rates. F. H* LaBaume, Ag” Agt.,
I Norfolk & Western Railway, Box 2047, Roanoke, Va.
jmo irrigation vfapiy RAINFALL 45 INCHES!!
1911.
THE RURA.L NEW-YORKER
461
CHR. HANSEN’S
DANISH BUTTER COLOR
MAXES PRIZE-WINNING BUTTER
Purely Vegetable and Guaranteed under all
Pure Food Laws, State and National.
RENNET TABLETS and CHEESE
COLOR TABLETS for Cheese
Making; on the Farm
JUNKET TABLETS for dainty milk
desserts and Ice cream
JUNKET BRAND BUTTERMILK
TABLETS
Manufactured and put up only by
CHR. HANSEN’S LABORATORY
Box 1106, Little Fails, N . Y.
SPECIAL GRINDER
I want to send you
this wonderful grind¬
er, freight prepaid.
Luther Grinder Co..
for free trial to prove
its value as a great
labor savin g machine
for sharpening all
kinds of tools.
10 DAYS
TRIAL
Has genuine Carbo
rundum wheels— will
notdrawtem per from
steel— 25 times faster
than grindstone. Half
million in use.
Guaranteed 1 Oyears.
12 IACHIHES IK ONE
Write today for 10
days Free Trial Ot
fer and sharpen your
farm tools free.
C. J. Luther, Pres.
830 Newton St., Milwaukee, Wis.
Brigham's Latest Improved Shoe
tor working horses on swamp
land. This one shoe is ad
justable to suit the size and
shape of any horse’s foot.
Patented and manufactured
by L. Brigham, Decatur,
Mich. Send for circular.
OUR GUARANTY
r We guarantee that the
PAPEC. will cut anti elevate
more si I at) e than any other
cutter, same power being
used, and that it will elevate
9 silage 50 feet with less power
, . jthan any other cutter.
PAPFf pneumatic
a, * ensilage cutter
Always ready for business; easy to set
PD and operate; never clogs. Durably
built— no wood to twist and warp. Writo
H°w PreP*re Ensilage”
wiim/ RK V ^enta wanted in several
localities, attractive proposition.
2j Distributing Points in U S
PAPEC MACHINE CO.
Boa 10 Shortsvilte, N. Y.
Steel
Frame
GOOD
Indispensable on every farm;
save* the time and money you
would spend on a public scale, and
“ mures perfect accuracy al-
ways. Good for a life¬
time. Send for catalogue.
Osgood Scale ۩.,
Box 157, Binghamton, N. T
1
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
Li INTERNATIONAL
??g SILOS
HI
HI
'll arid
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic takemphoop —
continuous open-door front— air-tight door and per¬
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. The
International Silo Cn.. 113 gain tit,, Linear!!]*. Fa*
Running Water on the Farm
Pump without expense with an automatic
RIFE RAM
Cheapest and most efficient
water supply for co ntry
place, irrigation, farms, etc.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Booklet, plans, estimates free.
Rife Engine Co. 2429 Trinity Bldg., N.Y.
Price $10 and Up
f
Earn $10 a day and more, easily,
■ sawing firewood, lumber, lath, posts,
I etc., for yourself and neighbors with a
I
■* JVMAOCAA ttlXKA JICItiiiUUITS will
Hertz ler & Zook
Portable Wood Saw
Fully Guaranteed for One Year
-JJJ© Hertzler & Zook is the cheapest and best
Saw you can buy. Direct factory prices— finest
tested materials. Easier than
other saws to operate because
the stick sits low and the
saw draws it on as soon
as you start work. It is
the only saw made, sell-
lngat $10, towhlch a ripping
table can.be added. Write for
circular and save money.
toUH * loot Co.. Box 3
Belleville, r».
HEN Y ARD — Continued.
HOW TO HANDLE LITTLE CHICKS.
Last year I bought an incubator, tried
my ha nil at chicken raising, and was quite
successful in hatching, but lost hundreds
of the chickens after they were from two
to five Weeks old. When they were about
two weeks old they would take a bowel
complaint and die in a few days. The
droppings were usually of a dark color and
would stick to the feathers and form ^
very hard lump over the vent, teometimef
as large as my thumb ; then they would
mope around for a day or two and diev
Sometimes I would lose as many as 25 of
30 in a day. I followed other poultry^
men’s directions for feeding and tried
many different feeds, but always with the
same result. \ > w. e. w.
Bluefield, W. Va.
Few poultrymen realize the importance
of starting right. In fact, only a small per
cent of us know exactly What should be
done, or when to take the first steps toward
rearing strong healthy chicks. Conse¬
quently most of the causes of disease are
overlooked, and the greatest efforts are
made when it is too late. The time when
the greatest progress can be made in pro¬
ducing a healthy flock of fowls is a lonjj
time before they are hatched ; in other
words, begin with the parent stock. Use
only strong, healthy birds for breeding pur¬
poses and keep them under proper condi¬
tions. Weak birds are the ones that cause
the trouble. Never use eggs for hatching
from a flock that is infected with disease, es¬
pecially if it is “white diarrhoea.” Eggs
purchased from other poultrymen should
never be set with eggs from your own flock;
The production of strong hatchable eggs
from birds entirely free from disease or
any weakness that would encourage the deJ
velopnient of disease is one problem. It is
still another problem to hatch chickens
with enough constitutional vigor to with¬
stand 3 2 weeks of the average brooding.
Avoid all danger of weakening the devel¬
oping embryo. Eggs that have be.en chilled
should not be incubated. Overheating at
any time during incubation, or a too low
average temperature would lower the per
cent hatch and also injure the chicks.
Excessive ventilation or lack of the proper
air humidity makes successful incubation im¬
possible. The chicks that do hatch are
small and weak. When hatching is done
by hens, there is. as a rule, less danger of
injuring the eggs. When the chicks are
just hatched is a dangerous period. The
greater the number of chicks together at
this time, the greater the danger of infec¬
tion from bacillary white diarrhoea. The;
wet chicks rubbing together in such close
quarters are liable to take the disease from'
one another. Recent experiments prove
that when incubators in which infected
chicks have been hatched are again used,
the following hatches may become infected.
For this reason it is very important that
the incubators be well cleaned and thor¬
oughly disinfected after each hatch. Ex¬
periments also show that chicks are very
easily affected with bacillary white diar¬
rhoea up to five days old. After that time
only a small per cent of Inoculated chieks
showed symptoms of the disease. How¬
ever, the chicks used in these experiments
were the best of a season’s hatching, and
consequently had greater power of resistance
than the average chick. Therefore, it is
possible that olde.r chicks, if weak, would
still be susceptible to the disease with the
natural means of infection.
To prevent chieks from being infected
with disease it is essential to avoid any
treatment that would endanger their physi¬
cal condition. The first obstacle which
confronts and endangers normal develop¬
ment of brooder chieks is radical changes
in hover temperature. A temperature of
100 degrees should be kept for at least two
weeks at some point under the hover. How¬
ever, chieks will stand a temperature as
high as 3 30 degrees near the source of heat,
or as low as 90 degrees much better than
a changeable temperature. For this rea¬
son chicks should never be placed in a
brooder that is easily affected by outside
change's. When the temperature drops very
low during the night the chieks crowd and
many are weakened. Such conditions cause
bowel trouble in a very short time. To
prevent a low night temperature the heat
may be increased a few degrees above 300
degrees when the eliieks go under the hover
for the night. The chicks will lie near the,
hover curtain when it is too warm under¬
neath. and will go back under the hover
when the temperature begins to lower. The
best possible care should be given the
chicks the first two weeks. Never permit
them to go far from the hover until they
are several days old. I’ut them into a well
disinfected brooder, give them clean litter
to work in, fresh water to drink and feed
cautiously.
Never put purchased chicks with those of
your own flock until you are positive that
they are not infected with contagious dis¬
eases. The brooder house, feed pans, and
water receptacles should be frequently dis¬
infected. Do not attempt to force the
eliieks at first. Beef scraps should not be
fed except in the mash and even then only
a little should be given the first week,
i hiekens intended for breeders or for broil¬
ers will stand heavy feeding much better
and show better gain In weight if first
fed less forcing rations. The amount of
wet or dry mash may be increased gradu¬
ally, changing the composition of the ra¬
tion as the chicks will stand it. Feed all
the green food the chicks will eat. They
should be allowed plenty of fresh pasture,
and if the chieks are confined, rotation of
grounds should be practiced. It is well to
lime the ground, plow it deep, and grow a
quick crop each year. Chickens that show
symptoms of disease should always be Iso¬
lated at once. Dead chickens should never
be left where other chieks can get at
them. The best way to guard against
further contamination is to burn all dead
chickens and also the litter.
F. T. FINCH.
Dusting Setting Hens. — Our plan for
treating the sitting hen for lice is to visit
her once a week and with the fingers work
the powder well into the feathers over all
parts of her body. She sits quietly on the
nest and assists by raising her feathers, al¬
lowing the powder to reach the skin. This
answers the purpose as well as any other
method we ever tried, and is very quickly
and easily done. Mus. j. c. Clovis.
Greene Co., Pa.
Lei life Rid Them of Worms
Don’t let them infect your pastures and doubly re-infect your sheep this
spring . Now is the time to stamp out these profit-eating, sheep killing pests.
No Handling
No Trouble
No Drenching CA I f/Sfe'VF 1
No Dosing
The Great Worm Destroyer and Conditioner
SAL- VET will do it and I’ll prove it at my risk. I positively guarantee it will
rid your sheep entirely of all stomach and free intestinal worms and Besides will
tone them up and put them in the finest condition, possible. It will make your
lambs robust, vigorous and positively prevent your usual lamb losses.
Send No Money— 60 Day Test Befbqe You Pay /
Isimplyaskanopportunity to prove all the claims I make for “Sal- Vet’’ absolutely
atmynsk. Ifyou will just mail me the coupon, I’ll ship you enough “Sal-Vat” f4* ^ ^
to last your stock for 60 days, without asking you for a penny in advance. ^
You are not under obligation to pay for it, if “ Sal-Vet ” fails to do what I say .4* <&£r
it will do. I just want you to put this wonderful medicated salt within .4* ^
reach of your sheep, cattle, horses and hogs at my risk— then watch them
round out, increase in strength and vitality, grow more robust and V .* av* .*
gain weight — with no more feed than you are now using. j*
“Wo have used SAL- VET with excellent satisfaction. It discourages A / /
the development of worms, and keeps sheep in good condition. I be- .* a* / /
lieve that SAL-VET will repay the user in the results which come .4 / s .
from its action in his flock. C. S. Plumb, B. Sc. . 4 J? / sP' /
BtnisteredV^. l s. ?E OFF.
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS *
Protein 30- 33% ^
Fat , 11% *
Carbohydrates 30-40%
Fibre 12-14% 4
TRADE
MARK
Flakes
A One Pound Ajax
Ration makes Four
Pounds of average milk at
a price which will make
every cow pay a profit.
Ajax Flakes is the highest
grade of distillers’ grains
and contains about30%pro-
tein, 12% to 14% fat.
“In particular it was found that the distillers’ grains had a marked effect upon
the richness of the milk, increasing its fat content very noticeably. This effect
is probably due to the somewhat high percentage of fat contained in the grains.”
Buy Ajax Flakes — save money
WRITE FOR’ FREE SAMPLES AND FEEDERS’ HAND BOOK
CHAPIN & CO., Inc., Dept. 1, Buffalo, N. Y.
PROF. ARMSBY says:
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“HEW MODERN” SWING STANCHIONS
Swivel or Chain, Wood or Steel
When open is held firmly in position by automatic latch, yet
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Plans and Estimates Furnished Free. All
Material and Workmanship Guaranteed.
Write today for full details and our new catalog covering
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Saiei Agents for Foster’* “ CHAMPION ” Steel Stanchion
GLOR BROS. & WILLIS MFG. CO , 85 Main St., Attica, New York
462
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No deiinite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘’protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
—a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
Purchased Dairy Feed.
Will you give me a balanced ration for
10 cows that aro all anout to freshen? I
shall sell cream, and all the roughage I
have is Timothy and clover hay. My corn
fodder is all gone. I shall have to buy most
of the feed. N. k.
New York.
With your clover and Timothy hay I
would advise feeding the following grain
ration if available: Five pounds dried
beet pulp, two pounds cotton-seed meal,
two pounds wheat bran, one pound corn-
meal. Feed all the hay your cows will
eat and grain in proportion to the
amount of milk they give after fresh¬
ening. Before that time feed liberally
enough to keep them in good thriving
condition ; but do not feed any cornmeal
or cotton-seed meal until cows have
been fresh at least two weeks. Wheat
bran and the dried pulp can be fed right
along during the freshening period if
required. In feeding the dried pulp
always wet it with all the water it will
absorb a few hours before feeding and
then mix the other grain with it just at
feeding time. You will find this ration
will produce a good flow of -milk when
fed to good fresh average-sized cows.
If your cows are extra large heavy
milkers of course the amount of feed
must be increased accordingly, c. s. g.
Improving a Ration.
I am feeding one pound oil meal, one
pound cotton seed meal, two pounds bran,
three pounds com and cob meal, three
pounds beet pulp, 22 pounds clover hay
daily. Please improve this ration. Per¬
haps the beet pulp is not necessary with
so much bran. I wish a ration that con¬
tains clover and corn and cob meal.
■ Massachusetts. c. H. s.
• Here is the analysis of the ration
which you are feeding at the present
time :
Digestible
Dry Carbon
Feeding Stuff.
Matter.
Protein.
and Fat.
22 lbs. clover hav
18.70
1.496
8.712
1
lb. oil meal....
.91
.293
.485
1
lb. cottonseed
meal .
.92
.372
.444
2
lbs. bran .
1.70
.244
.906
3
lbs. corn and
cob meal .
2.55
.132
1.995
3
lbs dried beet
pulp .
2.808
.204
1.962
27.648
2.741
14.504
Nutritive ratio, 1.5.3.
If you have good, heavy' milkers,
which by the way are the only cows
that respond satisfactorily to good feed¬
ing I would not attempt to change this
ration except in special cases as it is
already well balanced and contains all
the ingredients in proper quantities
for the production of a large flow of
milk economically, and it will keep your
cows in first-class condition at the
same time. c. s. G.
Ration Needs Improvement.
Following Is feed at hand ; please give
me formula ‘for balanced ration. I make
chop of 20 bushels ear corn ; 10 bushels
oats ; 10 bushels buckwheat. Of this mix¬
ture I feed about 10 pounds a day; with It
three pounds cotton-seed meal, and three
pounds dairy feed, a molasses grain ana¬
lyzing three per cent fat and 17 per
cent protein. As roughage I feed oats,
rye, and buckwheat straw cut tine with
same amount of corn stover. This is put
in mixing trough, moistened and ground
feed put on it and mixed. I use enough
cut straw and stover to satisfy appetite
of cow. I can buy No. 2 white middlings
at $1.60 per 100, bran $1.50 per 100, corn
chop $1.30, dried beet pulp $1.45 per 100,
dairy feed $1.30 per 100 : cotton-seed meal
$1.75 per 100. The object is to use as
much as possible of the chop made from
my own grain, corn, oats and buckwheat.
My cows 'are common scrub, with here and
there a trace of Jersey blood. F. o. H.
Pennsylvania.
From the feeding stuffs mentioned I
do not know that I could improve on
the ration you are feeding except by
the addition of about three pounds dried
beet pulp. If you can get dried dis¬
tillers’ grains at a reasonable price I
think it would also pay to use them in
place of the dairy feed. It is prac¬
tically impossible to compound a satis¬
factory ration from the feeding stuffs
mentioned. You will not gain much by
feeding corn stover, rye, buckwheat
and oat straw to scrub dairy cows. Prac¬
tically all of the ration you feed must
be made up of grain, which is neces¬
sarily expensive whether raised at home
or purchased outside, as the straw and
stover does not contain much nourish¬
ment, and are a decided hindrance to the
production of milk at a low cost, because
they contain so much indigestible fiber
which overworks the cow’s digestive
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER]
April J,
organs without correspondingly increas¬
ing the production of milk in return. I
can only suggest that you should build
a silo and fill it with cornstalks, ears
and all, just as it is beginning to glaze.
Then try to raise some clover or Al¬
falfa hay, and if successful you can
cut your grain bills down about one-
half. There is certainly money to be
made by feeding good feed to good
cows, but it does not pay to keep scrub
cows on poor feed. c. S. G.
Ration too Fattening.
What ration can you advise for my cows?
Thev are Jerseys. I mix 300 pounds bran,
200'pounds cornmeal and 200 pounds gluten
together, and give each cow five pounds
each feed. That is, 10 pounds per
dav. 1 also give each cow two pounds
dried beet pulp each feeding. I wet the
beet pulp about eight or 10 hours before
1 feed ; then 1 mix pulp and grain all to¬
gether. For roughage I have hay, Tim¬
othy and wild grass mixed. My cows are
keeping too fat, and are not milking very
well. Should I feed any oil meal to them?
What is the best way to feed the beet pulp?
Long Island. a. w. e.
You are feeding your cows too much
grain of a fattening nature. If you will
change the mixture to 400 pounds wheat
bran, 200 pounds cotton-seed meal and
200 pounds gluten feed, I am sure you
will get more milk with less feed than
you are now feeding. Six or seven
pounds of this mixture with four pounds
of beet pulp should be sufficient for
one day for a Jersey cow in full flow of
milk. You are feeding the beet pulp
properly by soaking it several hours
and then adding the grain mixture. Be
careful to use just enough water, so it
will all be absorbed by the pulp. There
is no occasion for you to feed oil meal
with this ration, unless you can buy it
very cheaply. c. s. g.
A weary guest at a small country inn
was repeatedly called, the morning after
his arrival, by the colored maid-of-all-
work. “See here !” he finally burst forth,
“how many times have I told you I
don't want to be called? I want to
sleep.” “I know, sub, but dey’ve got to
hab de sheets, anyhow. It’s almos’ eight
o’clock, an’ dey’s waitin’ fo’ de table-
clof.” — Continent.
CULTIVATE i OFTEN
and you hold tho moisture
In the ground. Cultivate
shallow or deep as the crop
needs it and you release the
forgotten or unknown soil
properties which are needed
to make the crop grow prop¬
erly. We have been inakin,
farm tools for 75 years an
think we have ns good a "
of KidingCultivntors os
need to choose from.
IRONACE BIDING CULTIVATORS
are long lived machines— adjustable for rows 28 to 50
inches, while in motion— teeth adjustable for depth and
angle — pivot or fixed wheel, one row or two— high or low
wheels— work well on hillsides— farm close
and true. A complete line. Our Anniver¬
sary Catalog will show you — also, potato
machinery, garden wheel hoes and drills
etc. Address
P AXEMAN M’F’G CO.
1027 GRENLOCH.N.J.
“Bestov” Milk Cooler
The most economical cooler made. Cools
and aerates milk quickly, and to within two
degrees of the water temperature. All parts
touched by the milk
are copper or brass,
tin coated, and easily
taken apart for
cleaning. Thor¬
oughly well-made
and durable. It is
very reasonable in
price. Send for
catalogue H, de¬
scribing, with
prices, everything
for the dairy.
DAIRYMENS
SUPPLY CO.
Philadelphia and
Lansdowno, Pa.
You can’t
“ strain” it
out— keep
it out.
One milk pail and only one will do it. Milk goes
through the strainer cloth into the pail, untainted,
while the dirt shelf catches all the dirt from the
udders and handling in the
Sterilac Milk Pail
(Try It 10 Days Free).
You will never give it up if you try it. The only
sanitary milking pail that ever got the approval of
all dairymen. Heavy, well made, the proper
height, just the right “set,” easy to pour milk out
of. easy to clean, and, above all, it keeps milk
pure. Best way to keep milk from sovirinK, sLirest
way to keep out of trouble with Boards of Health
and Milk Commissions. prjce $2 50. Ask your
dealer. If he hasn’t it we will send trial pail pre¬
paid. Return at our expense if not satisfactory.
TERILAC COMPANY, 6 Mehchuhts Row, Bostoii. Mass.
DIRT
out of the
Milk
AND UPWARD
SENT ON TRIAL.
FULLY
GUARANTEED.
==AMERIC AN =
SEPARATOR
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily
cleaned, perfect skimming separator for $15.95.
Skims warm or cold milk. Makes thick or thin
cream. Thousands in use giving splendid satis¬
faction. Different from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity machines. The bowl
is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest
improvements. Our richly illustrated catalog
tells all about it. Our wonderfully low prices on
all sizes and generous terms of trial will astonish
you. We sell direct to user. No agents. Our
guarantee protects you on every American Sepa¬
rator. Western orders filled from Western points.
Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great
offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS,
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO
BOX 1075 <
BAINBRIDGE, N. Y.
this man
was
sore
CuredSpavin
He bought a high
priced separator with¬
out investigating any
other makes. When he
failed to get the prom¬
ised yield of cream he
was disappointed, but
when he found that
his neighbor’s
Economy got all the
cream and cost only
about half he was sore.
Take no chances.
Start right by writing
today for a free copy
of our Economy Chief
Dairy Guide for 1911.
“I removed a spavin on a mule with Sloan’s
Liniment. This spavin was as large as a
guinea egg. In my estimation your Lnniment
is the best remedy for lameness and soreness.
I have used it on a horse for sweeny and it
effected a thorough cure.” — G. T. Roberts,
of Resaca, Ga., R.F.D. No. i, Box 43.
CURED ABSCESS.
Mr. H. M. Gibbs, of Lawrence, Kas.,
R.F.D. No. 3, writes : — “Your Liniment is
the best that I have ever used. I had a mare
with an abscess on her neck and one 50c. bottle
of Sloan’s Liniment entirely cured her. I keep
it around all the time for galls and small
swellings andforeverythingabout the stock.”
SLOANS
LINIMENT
reduces wind puffs
and swollen joints,
and is a sure and
speedy remedy for
fistula, thrush, and
all lameness. Excel¬
lent in the family for
rheumatism, colds
and sprains.
Price, 50 cents & 81.00.
Sloan’s book on horses,
cattle, sheep and poultry sent
free. Address
Dr. EARL S. SLOAN,
Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Chicago, Illinois
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
free. Grand Rapids Veterinary
College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
P
CIDER and WINE
No complicated mechanism —
big capacities. Requires only
2 to 4 h. p. to operate any press.
Also, HAND PRESSES,
GRINDERS, MILLS. .
Write to-day for free catalogue.
THE G. J. EMENY CO., FULTON, N. Y.
he Only Implement Necessary
t Follow the Plow in Any Kind of Ground
,e “ACME. ” It cuts, crushes, levels, turns and smoothes in one operation, and thoroughly works all the soil.
SX n, — w „ . ClnhhlA the “ACME” leaves trash buried after
On PlOWCQ Corn StilDDIC the slia.p sloping coulters have thor-
^^oughly sliced and cut it, where its valuable fertilizing qualities are available. The coulters cut
^through to the under soil leaving no lumps or air spaces between the fin-row slices. Th® ““^er
soil is thoroughly compacted and the top soil left loose attracting and conserving all tho moisture.
— — - - Pulverizing Harrow Gives You
Greatest Value lor Your Money
lie cause it does more work in the same time than any other Harrow and with the least strain
on horses. The construction is steel and iron. Every part warranted. Sizes are
from 3 to 1 7% ft. wide — a size for your requirements. Get our combined cata- >
IIDIII -j ID * • / 1 *1’ " 1UV. u jn-v j — • - '-'I - — „
log and booklet from your dealer, our General Agents of the home omce.
DUANE H. NASH, Incorporated
137 Division A ve., Millington, N. J.
General Agents,
JOHN DKSBB BLOW CO. ,
Syracuse, N. Y.
Free Book
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
453
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending March 24, 1911.
butter
Receipts are rather large, and prices one
to two cents under last week’s quotations.
Factory and packing stock are selling slow¬
ly-
Creamery, fancy, lb . 24 .25
Good to Choice . 20 @ .23
Lower Grades . 16 ® .19
Storage . 15 @ .21
State Dairy, best . 22 ffl .23
Common to Good . 16 @ .20
Factory . .V . 15 @ .16
Hacking Stock . . . 12 @ .15
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 25 cents.
Boston, western creamery, 2444 cents.
Philadelphia, western creamery, 26 cents.
CHEESE
A fair sized export business is noted.
Local trade is dull and on the basis of
small transactions. About 2,000 boxes were
shipped to Liverpool March 22.
Full Cream, best . 15 @ .16
Common to Good . 12 ® .13
Skims . 05 @ .11
EGGS
Receipts continue very large, 2.338,740
dozens arriving in two days recently. Mar¬
ket is weak and unsettled. Even at the
present ‘low figures there is but little buy¬
ing for storage. Speculators are doubtful
as to how much lower prices will go.
White, good to choice . i9 @ .21
Mixed Colors, best . 18 @ .19
Common to Good . 15 ® .17
Western, best . 17 @ .19
Under grades . 12 @ .15
Duck eggs, dozen . . .28 ffl .32
Goose eggs, dozen . 75 @ .80
BEANS
Trade is dull, especially on Red Kidney.
California Lime doing a little better.
Marrow, 100 lbs . 3.00
Medium . 3.00
Pea . 3.00
Vellow Eye . 3.65
Red Kidney . 6.20
WhitcKidney . 4.75
Lima, California . 6.40
®
ffl
®
3.70
3.45
3.50
ffl 3.70
(a) 5.55
ffl 5.00
® 6.50
HOPS
On the Tacific coast a strong demand for
the new crop is noted, advance sales of
16 cents net to the grower being re¬
ported.
Prime to Choice . ■. . 28 ® .29
Common to Good . 25 ® .27
Pacific Coast . 20 @ .21
German Crop, 1910 . 50 ® .53
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old. gal . 22 ffl .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
There are practically no evaporated ap¬
ples on hand. Chops and waste are un¬
usually high.
Apples, evap. prime . 12 ffl
Kvap.. com. to good . 06 ®
Sun Dried . U6 ®
Chops . 06 ffl
Cores and Skins . OTJ^ffl
Raspberries . 28 <«>
Cherries . 15 la)
FRESH FRUITS
Apples above medium grade are selling
well ; lower grades dull. Strawberries in
moderate supply and market firm.
13
.11
•07t£
M44
.07*3
.30
.18
Apples, Itusset, bbl . .
<3 4.00
Winesap .
@ 6.00
Greening .
@ 6.50
York Imperial .
@ 6.00
Baldwin .
Ben Davis . .
@ 5.00
Spy .
@ 5.50
Western —
Newtown, box .
.... 1.45
IS) 2.35
Spitz, box .
® 2.50
Rome, box .
@ 2 25
Black Ben. box .
<3 2.25
Gano. box .
IS 2.00
Cranberries —
Cape Cod. bbl .
@12.00
Long Island, bbl .
@13.00
Jersey, bbl .
@10.00
Strawberries. Fla., qt. ......
. 30
IS .40
Oranges, Fla. box .
IS 3.00
Porto Rico .
@ 2.75
California .
@ 3.75
Grape Fruit. Fla. box .
@ 3.50
Pineapples, Havana, 18s....
, .. 1.50
IS 2.25
Porto Rico, 30 s to 24s .
@ 3.00
®
'a
®
HONEY
Market weak on all but extracted clover,
which is very scare and firm.
White Clover, lb . 12 ffl .14
Buckwheat, lb . . 08 ® .10
Extracted, lb . 07 ® .10
VEGETA BLES
No improvement is noted in the potato
market. New cabbage in very heavy supply
and of poor quality. Prime old cabbage
selling wel. Old onions higher for fancy
grades. Supply of lettuce is large and
quality irregular. Spinach lower. String
beans selling well. Tomatoes very dull,
green and of inferior quality.
Potatoes— N. Y. State. 180 lbs . 1.12
Maine . . 1.25
8weet, Jersey, bkt . 1.00
Sweet Virginia, bbl . I 50
Asparagus, So. Car. f’cy doz . 7.00
Good to primq . 2.60
Calif., green, fancy . 7.00
Calif., green, common to good . 3.00
Brussels Sprouts, qt . .08
Beets, new, bbl . 2.00
Carrots, bbl . 1.50
Southern, new. bbl . 2.00
Cabbage— Danish seed, ton . 8.00
New, Southern, bbl . 75
Celery, doz . 50
Chicory, bbl . 2.00
Cucumbers. Fla. bu . 2.00
Kscarol. bbl . 3.50
Kale, bbl . 1 00
Kohlrabi, Southern, 100 bunches . 2.50
Lettuce, Cj-bbl. bkt . 50
Peppers. Southern, bu . 2.00
Kennel. Southern, bbl . 2 00
Horseradish, 100 lbs . 5.00
Lima Keans, Fla. bkt . 2.00
Okra. Fla. Carrier . 2.00
Onions, Orange Co., bag . 1.50
State and Western, 14J lb. bag . 2.00
White pickle, bu . 1.25
Peas. Fla., bu . 3.00
Radishes. S’n 44 bbl - bkt . 1.50
Romaine, Southern, 44 bbl . 75
Salsify, loo bunches . 5.00
String Beans, bu . 2.00
Spinach, bbl . 75
Squash, bbl . . 1.75
TurniDS, Rutabaga, bbl . 7->
White, bbl . 1.00
Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches . 2.00
Egg Plants. Fla., box . 2.50
arsnips, bbl . . 1.26
Parsley bbl . 2.00
Pomatoes, Fla. crate . 75
1.37
1.50
1.75
®. 2.00
ffl 8 00
® 6.00
@10.50
® 6.00
@ .18
@ 3.00
@ 2.00
la) 2.50
@11.00
@ 1.75
<9 1.00
® 3.00
<3 3.00
@ 3.50
(d 1.25
® 4.00
® 2 00
@ 3.25
@ 3.00
@ 7.00
@ 5.00
® 3.00
@ 3.00
« 3.00
@ 2.00
@ 10.00
@ 1.75
® 1.25
® 7.00
® 3.50
@ 1.50
@ 2 25
® 1.00
@ 1.50
@ 4.00
@ 3.00
@ 1.75
@ 3.00
@1.50
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Cucumbers plenty. Lettuce lower. Mush¬
rooms scare and firm. Tomatoes very low.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 1.00 @ 1.25
Common to good . 50 @ .75
Rusarooms. lb . 15 @ .40
Mo.dishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3 00
Rhubarb, doz bunches . . .15 @ .50
Tomatoes, Jb . 10 @ .20
BERMUDA PRODUCTS
Potatoes selling well. Romaine and peas
higher.
Potatoes, No. I. bbl . 6.00 @ 6.25
No. 2 “ . 5.00 ® 5.25
Beets, bu. crate . 76 @ 1.00
Carrots, crate . 75 @ 1.00
Peas. 44 bu . 3.00 @ 4.00
Parsley, bu. crate . 1.00 @ 1.12
Romaine, crate . 75 @ 1.26
LIVE POULTRY
Receipts are moderate, but trade very dull
except on prime fowls.
Cbickens, lb . 14 @ .15
Fowls . 15 @ .16
Roosters . .09 ® .10
Ducks . 16 ® .18
Geese . 0!* @ .10
Turkeys . 12 @ .13
DRESSED POULTRY— Fkesh Killed
Business very dull, heavy fowls espe¬
cially hard to sell. P.roilers and squabs
rather scarce.
Turkeys, Fancy . 19
Common to Good . 16
Chickens, roasting, prime . 18
Common to Good . 14
Fancy broilers, lb . 30
Fowls . 14
Squabs, doz . 1.75 @ 4.50
DRESSED POULTRY-Frozex
All kinds of frozen stock in heavy supply.
Market very dull and prices irregular.
Turkeys, best . 22
Chickens, milk-fed broilers . 22
Corn-fed broilers . 15
Milk-fed roasters . 17
Corn-fed roasters . 15
Fowls . 12
Ducks, best . 16
Common to good . 13
Geese . 08
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Most of the calves offered are medium
quality or below. Lambs very irregular in
quality, and selling low.
Calves, good to prime . 11 @ .12
Common . 08 @ .10
Lambs, hothouse, head . 4.00 @ 7.50
Pork, light . . 09 @ .10
Medium to heavy . 118 @ .08^
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 ffl .17
HAY AND STRAW
Market firm on high grades of Timothy
and clover. The surplus of lower grades
is getting cleared up slowly, though no
price improvement is noted.
Hay, No. 1, ton . 21.00 @ 21.50
No. 2 . 18.00(3 20.00
No. 3 . 13.00 ® 14.00
Clover Mixed . 12.00 @ 18 00
Clover . 11.00 @ 14.00
Straw, Rye . 9.00 @ 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 ffl 9.00
'A
NEGLECT
Will Ruin
YourHorse
Send today for
only
PERMANENT
SAFE
CERTAIN'
MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEDY
S3 PACKAGE ^
Will cure any case or
money refunded.
$1 PACKAGE
cures ordinary cases.
Postpaid on receipt of
price. Agents Wanted.
Writ© for descriptive booklet.
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 Fourth Avenue. Pittsburg, Rt
@
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is
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.20
.18
.20
.17
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ABS
Will reduce inflamed, strained,
swollen Tendons, Ligaments,
Muscles or Bruises, Cure the
Lameness and Stop pnin from a
Splint, Side Bone or Bone Spavin
No blister, no hair gone. Horse can be
used. Horse Book 2 D free. *2.00 a
bottle at dealers or delivered.
ABSORBINE,JR,,for mankind,$l,
Reouces Strained Torn Ligaments, En¬
larged gland*, veins or muscles— heall
ulcero— allays pain. Book Free.
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass-
Kendalls Spavin Cure
The one remedy you can always de¬
pend on to cure Spavin. Curb, Splint,
Ringbone or any lameness. Thou¬
sands have proved it invaluable.
Get a bottle from your druggist.
Price per bottle $1. 6 for $5. ‘ ‘Treat- I
ise on the Horse" Free at drug¬
gist or from I)r. It. 4. KEN DALL CO.,
Knosliurg Fails, Vt., U. 8. A.
IUMP-JAW
positively cured in less than
three weeks with one
applicaion of —
ADAMS
Rapid LUMP-JAW Cure
Easy method, little expense, no pain or
scars. Written guarantee with each bottle.
REMOV-ALL — “ Beats' Km AlK’f or Sprains,
Curb, Bog Spavin, all lameness. Sold on
money-back guaranty. Free— Treatise on
curing animal diseases. Write for copy
today. H. C. ADAMS MFG. CO. |
Dept. SO . Algona, Iowa,
Buy This Money-Saving
“REO” Steel Roof
Saves its cost five times over. Fireproof. Lasts
longer than building. Never needs repairs. Out¬
wears four wood shingle roofs. Wears sis times
as long as 3-ply composition roofing. Reduces fire
insurance rutes 10% to 20%.
Edwards “REO” Steel Shingles
are easy to lay. Just hammer and nails. No sol¬
dering. No tarring. Comes in stamped sheets of
finest Bessemer Steel, 6 to 12 feet long, width 24
inches, either painted or galvanized.
Buy at factory-to-user prices. We pay the
freight. We are largest makers of iron and steel
roofing. Ask about our $10,000 Guarantee Bond
Against Lightning. Write today for our new Free
Money Saving Catalog 473. Send us the dimen¬
sions of your bnilding.
THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING CO.
423.473 Lock S«., CINCINNATI, OHIO (44)
Simple, self-regulating, complete.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchablo
egg. Sold on 40 days trial with money
, , back in case of failure. 150,000 in use
If your dealer doesn t keep them write to us. We’ll semi
you our catalogue and two books, “Making Money tho
Buckeye Way” and "51 Chicksfrom 50 Eggs," Free
TBE BUCKEYE INCUBAIOR CO., 508 W, Euaild Aveniio, Spiingilald.’oiilo.
®* Buokeyo Portable Poultry Hour.o,
Sold Cheaper Than You Can BuHd Them.
125 Egg Incubator &ff|
and Brooder Bo£r dill
I If ordered together we send
‘both for $10. Freight
paid east of Rockies. Hot
water, copper tanks, double walls,
double glass doors. Free catalog
describes them. Send for it today.
I Wisconsin Incubator Co.,
Box 118, Racine, WIs.
Big News For
The famous Belle City Incubator wins the “Tycos” Cup Contest over machines
costing 2 to 5 times as much— making it the Double World’s Champion. And the
winner raised over 97 % of the chicks. ORDER NOW-Cet in the champion class of
chicken raisers.
Order Direct From This Advertisement
to get early start. W. S. Reynolds, Avon, Mass, says: “My first Belle City hatch
was 76% BETTER THAN the highest priced machine made which stood alongside.
Host nothing by ordering direct from your ad. Count on me for 4 to 8 machines. If
Others did business as you do there would not be much trouble in the business world. ’*
That ’s my policy. You take no risk. Read remarkable offer below. Then order or send
for "HA TCHINGFA CTS’ ’ FREE. J. v. ROHAN. P,.,ident B.lle City I„c„ba,„r Com„„y.
INCUBATOR
BUYERS
C C Buys the
*J\J R.
Best 140-Egg
Incubato 1* Made
$4.85 Buys the Best Brooder
Both Incubator and Brooder, Ordered Together
Cost You Only $1 1.50 — Freight Prepaid
We Ship Qtdcfc From
Buffalo, Kansas City,
St. Paul or Racine
WHY PAY MORE? Investigate — send your name and address
today, the easiest way, by postal or letter. I tell you the
prices right here— and how my machines are made. You can
have ninety days’ trial on both incubator and
brooder — and I’ll send all money back if they
do not do all I represent.
Be sure to send for my illustrated, free book¬
let, Hatching Facts.’’ But, if in a hurry, you
are perfectly safe in ordering right now from
this ad. Thousands do this way every year.
I guarantee to ship all orders sent from this ad
on day received— (from warehouse nearest you,
£r II ai£-?e‘L. A® disappointments. Order a Complete 140-Chick
*y Hatchmg Outfit Send only gll.50 for both Incubator and
Brooder freight prepaid (East of Rockies). You’ll surely need the
140-Chick Belle
City Brooder ^
ONLY
$4.85
brooder, too. So make
the savings. Satisfaction
Guaranteed or money back.
BELLE CITY
WORLD’S CHAMPIONSHIP
Incubators and Brooders
1 40-Egg
Belle City
Incubator Only $7.S5|
Freight Prepaid
East of Rockies
No risk, however you order.
The editor of this paper knows me to be
responsible— I’ve advertised in this paper Jor
many years and treat my customers liberally.
I’ve always given my customers more for their
money than any other incubator manufacturer
in the world; that’s why we do so much business.
Belle City Incubators will hatch more chick¬
ens— under the same conditions— than any other
incubator made, or your money will be refunded.
1 his I guarantee. Double walls— dead air space all over— copper tank
and boiler— hot water heater— best regulator— deep, roomy nursery-
strong egg tray — high legs — double door — and everything that’s any
good on an incubator— all in the Belle City. “Tycos” thermometer—
egg tester— burner and safety lamp included. The Belle City Brooder
is the only one having double walls and dead air spaces. I guarantee
it to raise more healthy chicks than any other Brooder made.
Hot-water top heat— large, roomy, wire runway yard, with plat¬
form-metal safety lamp and burner.
Complete Hatching Outfit Only $11.50
Over 75,000 machines in use— all doing perfect work. The
Belle City should be your choice. Send your order now or
send a postal card for “Hatching Facts” booklet and full par-
ticulars. Don’t pay more than my price. No machines, at
any price, are better hatchers or brooders.
Mrs. M. J. Clifton, of Quinlan, Oklahoma, won the World’s
.... , Championship with her Belle City Incubator by hatching the
highest perfect score in Successful Farming's 1910 prize contest of 188 entries—
140-egg. size— 140 eggs set— 140 chicks hatched. This was 100% perfect on the full
~CfUM ohn C«ty. Many other incubators selling at from 2 to 5 times the low
price ot ttie Delie City did not equal or even approach this performance. Thousands
of testimonials show you Belle City can do best for you also.
J- V. Rohan. President
Belle City Incubator Company Box 48 , Racine, Wisconsin
454
the RURAL NKW-YOKKKR
April 1,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
During the month of February we re¬
ceived 92 claims in this department,
amounting to $2,427.84, and collected 40
accounts amounting to $2,291.14. There
were 215 requests for ratings on houses
with which our people proposed to do
business. This habit of looking up rat¬
ings in advance is a most important
practice, and the more it is done the
less annoyance and loss will result.
Fraud orders were recently issued by
the Post Office Department against the
R. Armstrong Manufacturing Company,
Cincinnati, O. The business was selling
vacuum cleaners. The company is a
branch of the World Mfg. Co., of which
W. P. Harrison is the promoter. The
R. N.-'Y. has been refusing the adver¬
tising of these concerns for years, be¬
cause of the complaints entered against
their methods of doing business.
About two years ago I bought two acres
of grape land located In or near Cicero,
Cal., from the Sacramento Valley Improve¬
ment Co. of St. Louis, Mo. I was to pay
for it by the month ; I am getting nervous
about it. Can you find out for me if they
are reliable, and if the land is all right?
New York. L. M. w.
The reports on this company are a
little indefinite, and it is hard to verify
the statements made. From a financial
point, however, they seem to be satis¬
factory. Some time back we received
some criticisms of the grape lands, but
just what the progress is now we are
not informed. Perhaps some subscribers
in that section can inform us for the
benefit of this inquirer. At present we
can only say that we have not yet known
of a land scheme operated on this basis
that turned out satisfactory to the in¬
vestor.
I have a claim against A. Richardson,
65 Gansevoort Street, New York, for 14
barrels of cauliflower which we shipped
him in the Fall of 1909. I have been un¬
able to collect it, and hope you will be
able to get it for me. The amount is $5.25.
Long Island. E. F. B.
Can you tell me the financial standing
of A. Richardson, a commission merchant
at 65 Gansevoort Street, New York? In
November, 1909, we sent him 10 barrels of
apples. The net price was to be $23. We
received about one-third and never any¬
thing but promises for the balance and
hope you can collect it for me. G. J. b.
New York.
A. Richardson, commission merchant, owes
me a balance of $7.86 for produce shipped
him. lie promised to pay with interest,
but I would be glad to have the amount
without interest, and will be glad if you
will collect it for me. J. B. C.
New York.
These complaints indicate that Mr.
Richardson’s arguments to the producers
are very much the same as to us. He
has been very prompt and courteous
in making replies to inquiries, but cour¬
tesy and promptness, no matter how
commendable, do not pay bills, and the
best we have been able to get out of him
is that in hot weather he will be able
to pay it when cold, and when it gets
cold he will be able to pay when it is
warm. The process is getting to be
monotonous. At all events so far we
have succeeded in getting promises only.
The following proposition has been made
me from Canada. Is it a fraud ?
“Would you undertake to organize
agencies throughout Florida, that is, to ap¬
point agents in every county, this agent
again to appoint agents in every town
where the farmers sell their products, these
agents to contract with the farmers to buy
all their products beginning with the high¬
est prevailing price and increase the price
every year. As, for instance, take wheat;
sav that we pay the farmers $1 per bushel
the first year, $1.02 the second year, $1.0;>
the third year and so on ; this we can do
b~v contracting with 90 per cent, of the farm¬
ers, and this we can easily do as we all
want as much as possible for our labor. \\ e
are offering 2,500 shares of preferred stock
at $1 par with seven per cent guaranteed
dividend to general State agents for pro¬
motion work with an additional 2.500 shares
to all State agents if the organization is
completed in time to begin business this
Fall, and $5,000 a year and expenses after.
If you do not desire to take this up perhaps
you know some one who will ; kindly let me
know by return mail. w. c. s.
Florida.
It is at least an opportunity for you
to lose some money.
The filing of judgments against the
enterprises of E. G. Lewis is reported
from St. Louis to the amount of nearly
$10,000. These judgments have been re¬
cently filed; and it is our information
that they are against the Lewis Pub¬
lishing Company, and all are in favor
of business houses of New York City.
A suit has also been filed for $8,000
against one of his real estate com¬
panies which has defaulted in the pay¬
ment of bonds and interest. His
Woman’s National Daily has missed
issues on several occasions, for which
plausible excuses have been made, none
of which credits the cause to the need
of cash to pay in advance for the neces¬
sary paper and postage ; but what was
promised to be the greatest daily paper
in the world is now to be published
weekly, and the profits that it was to
earn to pay for the debentures are no
longer stated in definite figures. Mr.
Lewis admits now that the chapter
houses are not paid for, and he is invent¬
ing new Schemes to borrow money to
meet these obligations. There is prob¬
ably no help for the dupes who are will¬
ing to continue to put their money into
such a bottomless sink hole, but we want
the innocent people who are approached
by his paid agents and advertisements to
understand the nature of the proposition
presented to them. It is almost un¬
believable that any man could continue
the operations promoted by Lewis for
the past several years. It has been
one gigantic bluff from start to finish,
and when finally called it will reveal one
of the greatest scandals of our time.
Can you tell ine about the present condi¬
tion of the Banking & Loan Company,
Macon, Ga.? v. w. c.
Ohio.
This concern failed about two years
ago with liabilities estimated at $85,000,
and assets of $25,000 to $30,000. The
assets are in mortgages to run from five
to. eight years. About $14,000 of the
liabilities are in seven per cent mort¬
gages which will probably be paid in
full. From this it will be seen that the
depositors will get very little, and that
after a wait of eight years. Again let
us caution ; Don’t send your money for
investments to people and institutions
you know nothing about.
The express company lias refunded $3.20
mentioned, and $15 besides, which they
claimed was a mistake, and should not been
charged in the bill ; nevertheless they did
nothing towards righting the matter until
The R. N.-Y. brought it before them. Please
accept thanks of the old veterans and
friends of Mrs. Smith ; we pledge ourselves
to do all we can for the cause of truth and
justice. G. K. P.
New York.
This is a story of sorrow and extor¬
tion combined. George W. Smith was
an old soldier and member of the 126th
Regiment of New York State Infantry.
He was 72 years old. He was taken to
the Soldiers’ Home at Bath, N. Y., a
year ago in the hope that treatment
there would better his physical condi¬
tion, as he had suffered from a paralytic
shock. He died January 22, and the re¬
mains were shipped by express to his
home at Holcomb, N. Y. The regular
passenger fare direct is $2 ; but ship¬
ment was made by way of Batavia,
N. Y., some 50 miles or more out of
.the way, through two express compan¬
ies, and express charges of $10 collected
in addition to $15.40 for undertaker’s
charges at Bath. Even at the regular
rates for the roundabout route, an excess
of $3.20 was charged for express alone.
The matter has now been corrected;
but if kindly neighbors had not taken it
up in indignant protest the bereaved
widow would probably have been obliged
to suffer the injustice in silence. We
seldom effect an adjustment of a wrong
that appeals to us as strongly as this
complaint.
Wm. H. Birge, Franklin, Pa., wants
the address of any person whose sur¬
name is or was Birge and who was born
in Onondaga County, New York, be¬
tween 1847 and 1853. The object is to
find some lost relatives. J. J. d.
Caller : “I didn’t know your son was
at college. Is this his freshman year?”
Mrs. Bunderby : ‘‘Oh, no, indeed! He’s
a sycamore.” — Boston Transcript.
Visitor: “I’ve just come from the doc¬
tor's funeral, but I didn’t see any of you
there.” Hostess: “No — my husband
didn’t care to go.; a funeral always up¬
sets him.” Visitor: “Ob, well, if you
never go to other people’s funerals I
don’t see how you can expect them to
come to yours.” — Punch.
»rS POULTRY SUPPLIES
Every tiling for the ponltryman at low prices; Auto,
matic Feeders, Hall Mammoth and Model Ineuba
tors. Feed, Remedies, Hen-e-ta, Rat Corn, Liverine,
LegBands,etc. Prompt shipments. Write forcatalog’.
HARRIES &, BENEDICT CO. 67BNAeqcvLoV,ST-
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
Our Prices Hatching Eggs— S. C. White Leghorns— One
setting, 15 eggs, $2: two settings, 30 eggs, $3.50;
three settings, 45 eggs, $4.75; one hundred eggs, $8;
one thousand eggs, $70. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C.
Black Orpingtons— One setting, 15 eggs, $2.50 and $5;
one hundred eggs, $14 and $28. Fertility Guaranteed.
Our Prices Baby Chicks— S. C. White Leghorns— Fifty or
less, each, 20 cents: one hundred, $15; one thousand,
$125. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C. Black Orpingtons—
Fifty or less, each, 30 cents: one hundred, $25, We
guarantee safe arrival of CHICKS in first-class
condition.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
for 100. Baby Chix, $12.50 for 100; $7.00 for 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
EGGS FOR HATCHING ^^0$0100Go$3o°d
stock guaranteed. H. A. THATCHER, Perulack, Pa.
Chance With Your
Eggs or Chicks?
Don’t blame your poor hatches to the parent
stock, or the eggs, because lack of moisture,
irregular heat, and cheap incubators are respon¬
sible for the death of millions of chicks in the
shell every year.
The International Self-
Humidifying: Incubator
is absolutely automatic in every function, unvariable
temperature, {positive moisture from the moment of
starting the hatch until necessary to properly dry
the newly hatched unit of future profit, so thoroughly
safe-guarding its entrance into poultrydom as to
guarantee its livability.
Your brooder losses are not always the fault of the chicks.
Ultimate success depends on the proper mothering- of chicks.
The International Sanitary Hover
is the only one positively supplying the highest temperature at the outer «-
edge. Therefore, no loss by crowding to the center and every chick has a *
chance under this hover. Entire metal construction. Portable and adjust¬
able to all conditions. Eliminates expensive brooder house equipment.
Our best efforts are centered in the production of Day-Old-Chicks
and Hatching Eggs from matured stock. No pullet eggs are used
except for table purposes. All orders for Incubators, Hovers,
Day-Old-Chicks or Hatching Eggs will positively be filled
within 24 hours after receipt.
Send today for 1911 catalog on incubators and hovers, also^ our
stock catalog on Rancocas Strain Baby Chick - J 1-' -
INTERNATIONAL POULTRY
Home Office, Box 285, Brown
Branch, No. 21 Barclay St., f
Bonnie Brae White Leg- '
horns and Pekin Ducks
ready; also some choiee matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now hooked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
THE BEST S. C. REDS
ARB
DAVIS’*200 EGG’ STRAIN
FftAC Utility . $1 per 13; $0 per 100
bllUO Special Matings ... $2 per 13; $10 per 100
- Prize Matings .... $5 per 13; Mammoth
Hot Water Incubator Baby Chicks .... $15 per 100
Book Orders Now Circular Free
DAVIS POULTRY FARM, Berlin. Mass.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. E. VAN ALSTVNE, Kinderhook, N.Y.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS GO., Peekskill, N. Y.
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, S. C. H. I. Red.
Erks, 90c. per 15, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per 60, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A b reeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoied to developing the best
S- c. W. LEGHORNS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y, HAVRE DE GRACE, Maryland.
THE FARMER'S FOWL— Rose Comb Reds, best winter
1 layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
Flifi^ FOR CAI F— Choice Buff Wyandotte
tuug run eggs, 75 cents 15 and
$4.00 per hundred. CHAS. I. MILLER, R. F. D.
No. I, Hudson, N. Y.
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios.
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, Weedsport, N. Y.
BUFF WYANDOTTES-*’ $ >eof
15. LAWRENCE KS8ELSTYN, Claverack, N. Y.
Pfllll TRYMFN“Send 1° cents for our fine 60-
lUULI ll 1 If 1 L 1 1 page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
Eggs For Hatching-!1;,.";,
Indian liunner Ducks. High-class stock-
utility. show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
LAKEHILL FARM
AV. H. THACHKK.
Single and Hose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks, $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of batching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CAULW. LLOYD, Mgr,,
Hillside, Westchester County, N. Y.
R- *• NEDS— 200-egg strain. Eggs,
nllAllll o $1.50 per setting. Prices on quantities.
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor, N. H.
D P D 1 DCnc — BEST WINTER LAYERS.
Ill U ■ n. !■ ntuo Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15.
K. F. DEMAREST, Mt. View, Passaic Co., N. J.
Fmstkain s. c, w. Leghorn
Breeding Hens at lowpiice to make room. Also
promising Cockerels cheap in quantities. Also K 1.
Reds. Eggs for hatching. St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.J.
BUFF ORPINGTON’ DUCKS, twice won the Australian
D laying contests. Three years unbeaten show record.
List furnished. Dunrobin Farm, Chatham. New Jersey.
FARM BRED POULTRY-FREE RANGE
Partridge Cochins, White Rocks, Barred
Rocks. Partridge Wyandottes. Prize win¬
ning strains. Send for egg list.
MINCH HllOS., 11-Si, Bridgeton, N. J.
India Runner Ducks. S. C. White Leghorns
Eggs for Hatching. Send for Circular.
F. J. FULLER, Waterport, Orleans County, New York
Greider’s Fine Catalogue ^
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures ot fowls, calen- Mjw
darfor each month, illustrations, descrip-
tionS, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where W
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for T
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost. Jjf
Send 15c. B. H. Greioer, Box 58 , Rheemx, P».
CCCC — Guaranteed fertile; from range -grown
LUOO stock that pay large piofits at the egg basket
MAPLE COVE POULTRY FARM . . R, D. 24, Athens, Pa.
T~A O from high record W. P. Rock
1 -B-I Hens, $2 for 15, $5 for 45.
i->vJ VJ A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons — Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
CINGLK-COMB White Orpingtons, Kellerstrass strain. Eggs for
0 hatching $3 per la; from prize winning stock, three cockerels
$5 each. W. A. KAI8KR, 2703 Jamaica A ve., Richmond Hiil,L. I
CINE QUALITY ORPINGTONS, black and white. Owens’
■ and Cook’s strains. $2 and $3 per sitting. $10
per 100. KEV. J. D. GRAHAM, Lyonsville, Mass.
TIIRIfFY M. B. Narra, and White
lUnUCI CUUO, Holland, $3.00 for 12. B.
P. Rox, S. C. Black Minorcas, S. C. R. I. Reds,
Silver, Golden and White Wyandottes, S. C.
White Leghorns. 'Ail Eggs $1.00 for 17. Pekin
Duck Eggs, $1,00 for 13. Tool. Goose Eggs, $3.00
for 12. W . It . CAKLH,
R. F. D. No. 1, Jacobsburg, Ohio.
IAIHITE HOLLAND TURKIC VS from prize
ft winners at bargain prices. White Wyandotte
eggs-for hatching. H. W. Anderson, Stewartstown, Pa.
GIANT BRONZE
Eggs, $1.00 per 15; Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1.00
per 10. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
H. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
C NOW WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
u $5 per 100. A few good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOLDEN ROD FARM, Dept. R, Stewartstown, Pa.
Eleven First Friases
At leading Poultry Shows, Indian Runner Ducks and
Rouen Ducks. Madison Square Garden Winners our Rose-
comb Black Minorcas won Silver Cup at Paterson, and
Barred Plymouth Rocks. All eggs $2.00 per 15, $3.50 per 30,
$8 per 100'. Also pure bred Angora Goats and Collie Dogs,
$10 and up. CLARK FARM, BOONTON, N. J.
BURR’S WHITE WYANDOTTES
By 12 years’ breeding and careful selection have developed
winning quality and great egg production. Farm raised,
free range. Eggs, $5.00 per hundred ; SI per setting. 85#
fertility. WILLIAM O. BURR, Fairfield, Conn.
f) O EGGS $1.00— Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
L U try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. I-arge illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
THOROUGHBRED POULTRY-Best twenty varieties,
Good stock. Eggs, 15, SI; 40, $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS ! &TS.
dottes. Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.50, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas, $2.00, 15. Cat¬
alog gratis. F. M. PRESCOTT, Riverdale, N. J.
U/ILD AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS-Chicken Eggs. Hand-
if some Catalog 2 ct.
Stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville. Pa.
EGGS — $1 per 15, $2 per 40 of Thor. Brahma**. Rocks, Wy»n-
dottes, Ked«, Minorcas, Houdans, Leghorns, Hamburgs; 19 v»r.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. 8. K. Mohr, Coopersburg, Fa.
IITII ITV DQCCnQ— Moun tain air, open-front
UIILI1 I DliLLUo house stock eggs for hatch¬
ing. Black Orpington or R. 1. Reds, $2.00 per 15.
White Wyandottes or B.P, Rocks, $1.50 per 15. It. I.
Red Cockerels, Angora Goats and Kids for sale.
SHOHOLA FRUIT AND POULTRY FARM . . Shohola. Pa.
Farmers and Poultrymen.
You must not blame us if occasionally our en¬
thusiasm bubbles over when speaking of our cus¬
tom hatching department as carried on by our
experts in our mammoth hot water incubator.
Results are showing people all over the country
that we know our business by saving them time,
worry and money, and giving them stronger chicks
than the old hen or kerosene oil fume incubators
ever did. You send us the eggs— we’ll do the rest
do it right and send you the chicks. Write for in¬
formation and prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM, Millerton, N. Y
Why Take a
1911.
THE KUKAb NEW-YORKER
466
CONTENTS
The Rural -New-Yorker, April 1, 1911.
FARM TOPICS.
Steam Sterilizing Tobacco Seed Beds,
425, 42(1
An Experience With Lime . 42(1
Co-operative Marketing No. 2 . 427
Where to Put the Farm Manure . 427
Some Promising Young Stock . 427
Peas Before Potatoes . 428
Sound Sense on “Back to the Land”.. 428
Shall We Harrow in Lime? . 429
The Imported Onion Maggot . 430
Sprouting Potatoes; Starting Melons.. 481
Use of Wood Ashes . 431
Self-sown Oats; Fertilizer for Truck.. 431
Cotton Boll-worm “Conspiracy” . 481
More About Manure Spreaders . 482
Was Soil or Fertilizer at Fault? . 432
Slaking a Carload of Lime . 433
Lime After Potatoes . 434
Trap-Nests for the Flea Beetles . 434
Interesting the Boy . 435
Cost of Ten Acres in Alfalfa . 435
Lime and Potatoes . 435
Flax Diseases . 435
Hope Farm Notes . 438
S'jortsvifle Farmers' Day and Institute 441
Farm Values in Massachusetts and
Idaho . . 441
Winter Work in Wisconsin . 448
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
A Horse Deal in Connecticut . . . 42(1
“Best Cow in Iowa” . 444
An Iowa Dairy Train . 444
The "White Faces” . 444
Alfalfa for Steers . 444
The Mule or the Cow . 444
Cost of Meat or Milk . 444
Horse Breeding . 444
Cement Floor for. Stable . 445
A Horse Salesman. Talks . 445
More Short-born Dairy Cows . 445
Dairy Short-borns Once More . 44(1
L argot . 440
Lameness . 440
Crease . . 440
Making an Ox Yoke . 447
A Washington Laying Flock . 447
Planning a Barn . 448
Milk . 449
Grains for Milch Cows . _449
Cement Floor for Henhouse . 450
Bronze Turkeys . 450
Clipping Hens' Wings . 450
Lice and Sitting liens . 450
Complete Henyard Fertilizer . 450
Bordeaux Mixture and liens . 450
The Nest Egg Fallacy . 450
Hen Lice . . 450
Corn Fodder for Litter . 450
Wet Grains in Storage....'. . 450
How to Handle Little Chicks . 451
Purchased Dairy Feed . 452
Improving a Ration . 452
Ration Needs Improvement . 452
Ration for Fattening . 452
HORTICULTURE.
Pedigree Trees or Bud Selection . 420
Hairy Vetch in a Peach Orchard.... 420
Dishorning Old Apple Trees . 420
Freaks and Fakes..... . 428
New Forms of Arsenic for Spraying.. 428
Spray the Apple Trees . ". . 429
October Sales From a Back Yard.... 430
Baldwin Apples Every Year . 481
(.rafting in the Fall . 431
Transplanting Large Grapevines . 431
Mulching to Retard Buds . 431
( hestuut in the South . . 432
Where Can Fruit Be Sold? . 432
Summer Pruning Apples in Ohio . 434
Ball Game for the Peach Crop . 435
Treatment of Old Orchard . 430
Oriental Pear Stocks . 437
Milkweed, Dahlia and Sunflower for
Seed . 437
Growing Raspberries . 437
Early-bearing Quinces . 439
Clematis from Seed . 489
Ants in Mushroom Beds . 489
Left-over Lime-Sulphur Mixture . 439
Pruning Wistaria . 489
Larkspur and Medicinal Herbs . 439
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 442
The Fireless Cooker . 442
Home Candy Making . 442
The Rural Patterns . *443
A Homemade Bookcase . 444
Quick Raised Biscuits . 444
MISCELLANEOUS.
Cement for Bracing Posts . 429
Motors and Fruits. . ; . 429
Terms of Contract . 432
Building an Icebox . 436
Editorials . 440
Other People's Money . 441
Events of the Week . 441
Publisher’s Desk . 454
MARKETS.
%
( Continued from page 453.)
LIVE STOCK
HUMOROUS
< 'xou and Stags .
... 4.5U
at
<§
6 55
5.00
calves, Pi ime Veal, 100 lbs .
... a .5 J
cs*
<k. (•)
9.00
Culls .
( a )
5. CO
Sheep, 100 Jbs .
... 4.00
<-/.
4.50
Lambs .
(a)
7.25
Hogs .
(&
7.75
GKAJLN
Wheat, No. 1. Northern Spring ...
. .. 1.08
<>
No. 2, Bed .
(d
No. 1 Macaroni .
. . .97
I'orn, ns to quality, bush .
.53
Oats, as to weight, bush . .
. . . .35
@
.38
llye .
@
.86
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . . 2:5.00 <8 20.00
Standard Middlings . 26.00 i& '-’8.00
Rod Dog . 27 .50 (<d 28.00
Hominy Chop . 22.50 IS) 20.70
Lin seed Meal . 85 00 (<e 80 00
corn Meal . 28.U0 <0 21.00
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.55
XT Middling Gulf . H «0
New Orleans, Low Middling . u.i;K
Good Middling . . 15.00
WOOL
New York Fleeces, Delaine, unwashed.
Ohio half blood combing .
Kentucky, three eighths blood . !
Michigan, half blood .
TOBACCO.
Conn, broadleaf-tiller .
Fine wrppp's .
N Y. State Fillers . "!”!!!!“”
Fine and Selections .
Ohio, Zimmer s Spanish .
Vi-vinia Dark Lugs .
Dirk Leaf . .
Bright Cutters . .
d . . 21
.25
... .21
'a)
.50
... .27
fa)
27 M
... .20
(3>
■26^
ra)
.10
. .50
(A
.60
. .15
.06
. .12
.16
. .19
@
.20
(•t
•<W
<a)
.20
. .12
(a)
.30
“Your own baby, if you have one,”
advertised the enterprising photographer,
“can be enlarged, tinted and framed
for $9.75 a dozen.”— Blue Bull.
“He always was a bad egg, but no¬
nobody seemed to notice it while he was
rich.” “Yes, he was all right until he
he was broke.” — Blue Bull.
Drug Clerk: “Yes, sir, we have
many applications for corns.” Custo¬
mer: “That’s odd! Most people want
to get rid of them.” — Purple Cow.
Mr. Struckoil : “That there sculptor
feller says he’s a goin’ to make a bust
of me.” Mrs. Struckoil : “Henery, it’s
just turrible the way you do talk; say
‘hurst,’ not ‘bust.’ ” — Philadelphia Rec¬
ord.
Stranger: “I hear you have a sick
hyena here, dying of hydrophobia?”
Keeper of Zoo: “Yes, sir.” Stranger:
“I’d like to get his final ravings on this
phonograph. I'm a manufacturer of
automobile horns.” — Judge.
Country Vicar (visiting a family
where a child has scarlet fever) : “I
suppose you keep him well isolated?”
“Lor, bless you, sir, yes. He keeps be¬
hind that clothes-horse, and don’t come
among us but for meals.” — Punch.
Farmer (watching motor car) :
“What’s that thing stuck on up the
side?” Chauffeur: “That’s spare tire
in case one of the wheels goes wrong.”
Farmer: “Well, I’ve drove horses for
almost twenty years, an’ I never carried
a spare leg for one of them yet.” — Puck.
"Ah ! So that is the oldest inhabi¬
tant?” said the city man. “A venerable
figure, truly ! How do you account for
his having lived all these- years?”
“Well,” a trifle acidly replied the land¬
lord of the Skeedee tavern, “I guess it’s
b’cuz he’s never done anything else.” —
Puck.
On a recent examination paper in
civics was this question: “If the Presi¬
dent, Vice-President, and all the mem¬
bers of the Cabinet should die, who
would officiate?” Robert, a boy of
twelve, thought for some time, trying in
vain to recall who came next in succes¬
sion. At last a happy inspiration came
to him and he answered, “The under¬
taker.” — Housekeeper.
CnPC~P,;ABL GUINEAS, Indian Runner
LUUU 1)u<‘ks- Barred Plymouth Rocks and
Mammoth Bronze Turkoys. Write for
Free Price list. POPLAR LAWN FARMS, West Falls, N. Y
tgge— 30 for $1.00; $8.00 per 100 8. <’. Brown
Leghorns. Good stock guaranteed.
H. A. THATCHER : : : Peruljick, Pa.
FOR SALFt.S P- White Leghorns (Young’s
■ vii Strain) eggs tor hatching, $5 per 100
$40 per 1000. L. MOORE, Route 1, Ellenville, N. Y.
“Bred to Lay, Sure to Pay” Eggs from vigorous ma-
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS turo birds, result of seven
WYGROPPR str a IN y«ars breeding 011 the
YVYLKUMS STRAIN 860 A. free range. LAKE-
VIEW FARM, Eofls and Stock, R. F. D. 2, Peekskill, N. Y.
S. C. WHITE LEGHORN BABY CHICKS
Blanchard strain hatching eggs; prices reasonable
JAMES GOODMAN, New Ringgold, Pa.
□ mil TDV-35 Eest Breeds. Bred for Laying.
I UUU II I Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
"IXTYCKOFF-BLANCH ARD strains Single-Oomb
77 White Leghorns, $1.25 setting. Heavy laying
Rose-Comb Black Jlinorcas, $1.50 setting. Circular
HIGH RIDGE POULTRY FARM, Laurel. Md'
PUL L ET^~S C- W- LEGHORNS-Booking orders
I . ' ** future delivery. Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds for prompt shipment. Limited
number choice breeders. Lakewood and Youngs
strains. SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N. j.
ORPINGTON S — S. C. Black and White Cockerels;
7^ Black Bullets. Standard bred stock at reason-
able prices. Eggs, $2 per 15. R. M. Morrison, Lyme, N. H.
EGGS_BARRED ROOKS; S. C. REDS; large,
vigorous layers; $1.00 for 15, $5.00 per 100,
J. It. ELLIS : : ; : Pulaski, N. Y.
R C,B. MINORCAS; great layers; eggs, SI. 00
AV* for 15. GEO. BOWDISH, Esperance, N. Y.
SC. BLACK MINORCA COCKERELS, (Northup Strain)
• range reared. Eggs for hatching; prices reason¬
able. JAMES GOODMAN, New Ringgold, Pa.
PURE BRED WHITE HOLLAND TURKEY
A EGGS. Mbs. E. J. RIDER, Rodman, N. Y.
\A/HITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS— Thor-
VI oughbred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
of large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 15; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu-
batoreggs. Ciikrry Hill Farms, Pittstown. N. J.
...... RUNNER ducksand drakes. from 280 egg strain.
.Light Brahmas. C. GORDON, Sp rakers, N.Y.
INDIAN
■ Li-
Ti^AMMOT 11 PEKINS and Indian Runners from
1 nip. stock. Strong, vigorous ducklings, 15c.
Lggs, $.) hundred. W. Irish, R.D., Po’keepsie.N.Y.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS — Black Langshan Kggs for
I sale. J. GORDON DRAKE, Port Huron, Mich
WYOMING SHOVELS
Just one look tells you that WYOMING
SHOVELS will give that long, satisfactory
service you have been looking for.
They are made to stand the gaff. Their blades
are made of crucible steel — they seldom need grind¬
ing. Their strong ash handles defy the most severe
strain you are apt to put upon them.
If you want to accomplish twice the work in a
given time, and save the money usually lost in
buying inferior grades, use WYOMING SHOVELS.
Your money invested in them will be
well spent. Get a WYOMING SHOVEL
to-day and prove its worth for yourself.
All varieties of shapes. Every one fully
guaranteed. Write for our Free Booklet
“ Calling a Spade a Spade.” At your
dealers, or conveniently supplied.
WYOMING SHOVEL WORKS
Wyoming, Pa.
^ </-& noo* g
well seasoned
ash handle/
ThePETTEBONE
Patent Protected
BackStrap
Blades made oj
Standard^ rode
CRUCIBLE STEEL.
t*ie n?an the Plow wants a Good Fertilizer. For the
1 CI S Hid Oj Land’s sake give him the real Farm Chemical, such as:
Nitrate of Soda
Sulphate of Potash
Muriate of Potash
Kainit
Our 40 years of experience, prompt service, best facilities, are back of every bag of these Genuine Materials.
We advise to buy now, prompt service. Write us for Prices TO-DAY. Any amount from 200-lb. bag up.
FARMERS UNITED CHEMICAL CO., Box 317, Reading, Pa.
AGENTS Here It Is
POCKET SEWING MACHINE
uiiMiJL
That’s what ^ .. . ^
Cd Hopper calls It. Sold 97 In few days
ridicMoualy^Iow^price? “* 100% PROFIT
If you want a quick seller, one that gets the money easy,
send now for confidential terms and FRKE BOOKLET,
‘‘Inside Information on the agency business. ” A few hours
a day means many a dollar lu your pocket. Send a postal.
A. MATHEWS 6265 Wayne Street, DAYTON, OHIO
WANTED
An all-around man to look after a small country
place near White Plains, New York, including
vegetable gaiden, care of horse and cow and a
few chickens. Also to take care of pump anil
furnace and keep the lawns in shape.
If married, can give wife employment as
laundress, if desired. No children wanted on
the place.
Position includes thoroughly comfortable five-
room cottage, and all the vegetables needed for
family use. Steady all-the year-around job for
the right party.
First-class references absolutely nocessary.
otherwise don’t waste time in making ap¬
plication.
Apply ROBERT FROTHINCHAM,
Buttnrlc-k Building, Spring and Macdougal Sts.
New York City.
YA^ANTED — Experienced farmer; references; to
7 7 care for and farm (ifl acres; ceuterof bungalow
colony. Pomona, 155 West 65th St., New York City.
M
Ef’IIANIC with thorough electrical experience, not afraid of
work, wauls position on big farm. H. C., care K. N.-Y.
YXf ANTED— A Scientific Fanner, able to meethis
” own expenses, can operate my home farm and
manage other real estate interests in the far South.
Address C. M. W., care Rural New-Yorker.
WANT!® — For General Housework, an intelligent woman
with good knowledge of plain rooking; family four adults;
one who would like a good home iu a beautiful locality near
New York. Address l*. F. II., care of Rural New-Yorker.
W
ANTED — At once, Good Farm Help; state
wages. PINE WOLD, Burlington, Vt.
HICKORY DALE FARM
Berkshires and Wyandottes. Berk shires are from
prize-winning stock; in pairs not related. Stock of
all ages. Columbian Silver Laced and Boston's
White Wyandotte Eggs from selected stock, $2.06
for 15; $8.50 for 80. My stock pleases the buyers.
J. ALONZO HLJLS15, Wading ltiver, N. Y.
White Wyandottes-P^^-^te
range. Eggs: $5.00 per 100, $1.00 for 15.
0. H. FOGG, R. F. I). No. 3, Bridgeton, N. J.
Golden & Silver Laced Wyandottes ]5r!:of’
Best egg strain. Swart Mercantile Co., Maroaretviiie, N.Y,
B vl
FT WYANDOTTES, heavy laying strain,
.... vl.2o and $2.00 per set of 15; also Single Comb
White Leghorns at $1,00 per set of 15. SUNNY
HILL FARM, Nursery Ave., Woonsocket, R. I.
1! a b y Chicks,
EGGS for Hatch¬
ing. Write for
prices. Address
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm
D f it U N . At 11(1 t*H V V
WM- R. BURKHOLDER, Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster. Pa.
REDS EXCLUSIVELY
Eggs from Handsome Dark Matings, $2.00 for 13;
$8.00 per 100. From Utility Heavy Layers, $1.00 for
13; $4.50 per 100.
O V K K L O O K PODt T It Y FARM
Tel. 59-4 Foxboro, Mass:
S, C. White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any Quantity. Breeders are vigorous
YeHJ'lHjjfsand 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCREST
I Ol LI R\ FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
SO \A/ LEGHORN EGGS for hatching. Good laying
lUilVi strain. $1 per 15, $5 per 1(10. Also Baby
Chicks. GEO. LUNDGREIIn, Wyoming, Del.
GEO. P. HAMMOND. KST. 1875. FRANK W GODWIN
GEO. P. HAMMOND & GO.,
Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kindsof
COUNTRY PRODUCE. Apples, Peaches! Ber
rl®s Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms
and Hot house Products a Specialty. Consignments
solicited. 34 «Sc 36 Little 1 2th St.. New York-
Hothouse Lambs.
Calves, Poultry, Fancy Eggs, Hothouse Products,
Fruits, Vegetables. Top prices secured for choice
goods. Correspondence solicited.
Archdeacon & Co. , 100 Murray St., N.Y.
JOHN C. QUICK CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 34 JAY STREET, NEW YORK
POULTRY FARM EGGSoUR SPECIALTY.
QUICK Returns Our Motto. Established 1855
SHIP YOUR CONSIGNMENTS
- TO -
GEO. OLIVER & COMPANY
Established J 850
COMMISSION MERCHANT8
WEST WASHINGTON MARKET, NEW YORK. N. Y.
PROMPT RETURNS
Boston Produce Go.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St,, - Boston.
Eggs, Poultry, Meats, Produce.
Shipments solicited. JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & CO., Com¬
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York.
pi. 10 ASK semi a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
1 mission House in New York. Est. 1838 Butter
Eggs. Poultry, Pork. Calves. Hay, Grain Beans’
Apples, etc. K. II. miOIMV.Utli, 302 Ure.unlch st„ N.v'.
PARTNER WANTED-S^?”S,.„S;™”
to wot k f*um and wife to help with housework.
Must have $3,000 cash, advertiser will also advance
$3,000: the $0,000 to buy and run 35 acre fa rut near
N£w Jersey. I^and value assured,
CORNELL, 27 Rutgers Place, Nutley, New Jersey.
i WANTFflu:Aee,lts to sel' Farmers’ Account Book,
unit ill) Indorsed by Farmers. Big Inducements.
Act quick. Address, L. L. SYPHERS, Fort Wayne, Ind.
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society lias cn its itsts men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them arc without
experience, but they arc able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or noEnglish, although
many of them speak Gorman. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
stating what you will pay. whether the work is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. S L A. S., 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
FOR SALE==T0 SETTLE AN ESTATE
300 acre farm in town of Springfield, Vt., l'-j miles
from R. R. station, at Bartonsville, two story
stone house, 5 barns, sugar and apple orchards,
plenty wood and lumber. Price $*.{,800. Address
F. C. ADAMS, Chester Depot, Vt.
p*OR SALE — A rare chance to secure a most de¬
sirable Stock and (up-to-date) Poultry Farm
completely equipped, for less than cost of buildings
and recent improvements. Location : Chester
county, Penna.; convenient to Philadelphia. Situa¬
tion ideal. No further expenditure needed. For
full particulars address: JOHN P. SAUTTER
Manager, Chester Springs, Penna.
$7*1 SUYSHolsteiiiYearlingBull; sire 754 blood of
V 7 World Champion Cow and brother to The King
of the. Pontiacs ; a bargain. IRA S, JARVIS, Hart-
wick Seminary, N.Y., Riverside Fruit & Stock Farm
CYPHERS MODEL OUTDOOR COLONY BROODERS in
good condition $8.00 each: cost $15.00.
F. B. DIETS, Flemington, N. J.
12
A6f5
THE RURAI- NE'W -YORKER
April 1, 1011.
Most Wonderful Offer Ever Published
Great 1911 Price Wrecking Sale of Brand New Staple Merchandise
Our Reliability is Unquestioned
Our capital stock and surplus in excess of
$1 ,000,000.00 is proof of our responsibility . Any
publisher of any paper in America will tell
you that we ‘make good” on every state¬
ment. Write to the greatest bank of the west
— The Commercial Continental National
Bank of Chicago— or to the Drovers Deposit
National Bank of Chicago, or any of the com¬
mercial agencies.
fl Positive, Binding Guarantee
^yEvery article bought of us is guaranteed a
decided bargain. If any article does not
please you or fails to come up to your expec¬
tations, then you may return same at our
freight expense both ways, and we will re¬
fund your money in full.
CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING COMPANY
Guarantees a Saving of 30 to 50 Per Cent
Of all our wonderful offers of the past, none are greater than those published
in this advertisement. This Company is known far and wide as “The .World’s
Bargain Center.” Our success proves the truth of the public’s decision.
During the past six months we have inaugurated a buying campaign that has
placed us in possession of the largest stock of merchandise ever gathered together
by any one institution. We have searched the markets of the world for the best
bargains obtainable. The proof of this fact is seen in this 1911 announcement.
Our Stock Includes Everything Linder the Sun
It means, in fact, everything from a needle to a locomotive. It makes no dif¬
ference what your requirements, we can supply them at bargain prices. Briefly
outlined, we sell everything to eat, wear, furnish, equip or manufacture.
GEM STEEL RANGE
1-PW521. Empire Gem Steel
Range, guaranteed in every way.
Neat appearing and first-class
baker. Price No. 810 as illus¬
trated, with reservoir, high
closot. $1 Q 1 C
Price .......... _ ....tp 1 */• 1 O
Price without reservoir and
high closet $12.50
* SUPERIOR GASOLINE
PUMPING ENGINE
1 The finost over for pumping
water, runningcroamsoparator,
etc. Complete with trimmings.
Full instructions for installing
and operating. Sold on thirty
days free trial, (foe f\f\
2 H P. Price _ «p«50.UU
4 H.P. Price $64.00
LADIES' ALL-WOOL SKIRT
All-wool Panama Skirt, made the very
latest stylo. Beautifully trimmed with
silk soutache braid and satin covered
buttons. Nobby and dressy. Made to sell
at S7.50. Your money back if you don’t
like it. Colors, black or blue. Sizes,
22 to 30 inch waist, 37 to 44 inch front.
Lot No. 27-W-110. 49 CC
_ Price (postage 16 cents) _
MODERN HEATING PUNTS
All kindsof heating apparatus. We
can furnish you with a modern, up-to-
date steam or hot water system
choapor than any other concern. Com¬
plete plans and instructions go with
every plant. We loan you tools free.
Writofor Heating Catalog and free esti¬
mate. Each plant backed by our Guar¬
antee Bond. Wo save you 60 per cent.
MEN'S PAT. BLUCHER SHOES
While they last, 6000 pairs of men’s Pat¬
ent Colt Blucher $3.00 Shoes, at a sav¬
ing to you of $1.65. We took the entire
output of the factory. '1'his is a per¬
fect fitting shoe. Sizes 6 toll. Width
0,D,E, andEE. Price 1 AC
per pair _
Price per dozen pair _ $21.00
Writo for Catalog today.
MAGNIFICENT SUIT qr
LESS THAN COST 2l£?‘
secured the entire stock at al
ridiculously low price. You get tho'
benefit. Handsome black cheviot Buit,
newest model, tailored by experts. Coat |
round sack stylo; vest popular single
breasted. Notice — wo send with this
suit an extra pair of pants. Cut latest
mode. Color is pray: guaranteed. Or¬
der by T.ot No. &5-W-52. QC;
Suit with, extra trousers—
Writ© for our FREE catalog:*
LADIES’ PATENT
COLT BLUCHERS
This is a rare opportunity to secure
high-grade patent leather shoes at a
give-away price. They are made the
latest city style. Dull mat top, per¬
forated toe caps. Cuban heels and
extension sole. Sizes 2% to 8 ;
Width O.D.E and EE d» -I ft/Y
Price per pair . «p i.vv
Per doz $10.80
DURABLE ARMY
KHAKI SUIT
This fabric is very firmly woven nar¬
row Wale diagonal Khaki cloth, the
same as used so successfully by the
United States Army; plain army tan;
recognized everywhere astlio mostdur-
able shade known. Comfortable, full,
roomy. Two outside pockets; semi-peg
trousers with adjustable bolt; two side
and two hip pockets. Wo save one-half,
the regular price. A strong, durable,
washable, inexpensive suit that will
stand extremely hard usage and last al¬
most forever. Sizes 34 to 46 chest; 30
to 42 waist measure; 30 to 35 inseam.
Order by Eot No. d* 1 O C
25-W-304. Price _ «p l.i?0
PRINT LINOLEUMS
W-59. A splendid grndo of
Print Einoleum inexact imi¬
tation of quarter-sawed oak;
6 foet wide. *■, AO.
Por square yard . .1
W-61. Patterns of extra
heavy grade Print Linoleum.
All colors, 2 to 2X yds. wide.
State colors wanted. Price
per square yard . —42c
FINE TOP BUGGY
This fino leather quarter top Buggy,
black, with Brewster green gear,
% tires, narrow or 40A QC
wide track. Price-ipO^x.I/O
Send for free booklet.
FINE SINGLE STRAP
HARNESS
fl Qft At this low
«pivX.70 prjco we wiH
furnish light now harness.
USBrot /
$1.00 LACE ^ cqr
CURTAINS
3300 pairs as shown. OOincheswide
and 9 feet long. • Wiiite or
Arabian Shade. Beautiful Bonne
Femme pattern with ruffled lower
edge and a throw at the top. A
curtain of rich appoarance and
long wearing quality. Regular
retail price $1.00. Our co
wrecking price, jT _ OOC
Order by Lot No. 20-K-532 •*
Sill
- HIGH QUALITY SMYRNA RUG $6.95
W-45. A heavy, • reversible
Smyrna llug. Handsome Ori¬
ental pattern. Red or green,
ground; border colors tan, blue
or red. Can bo used either side
up. Offered to you at exactly
one-half its value. Stato colors
wanted when order- 4/; flC
ing. Price . ip'O.iJ'D
30 x 60 in. 78c 3x6 ft., $1.50
6x9 ft., $3.25 9 x 12 ft., $0.95
SPECIAL SINGLE BARREL SHOT GUN
6 Thlsgunisstrongand reliable. Taper choke bored,
automatio ejector, 12 or 16 gauge; reinforced breech,
case hardened frame; good ~
quality fore end and fullpis-
tol grip stock; rubber butt
plate. Weight about 65f lbs.
16-W-510. 12 gauge, 30 or r- „
32-inch single barrel, with ejector, S3. <0. d»0 r7f\
16 gauge singlo barrel, with ejector, 30-in , barrel yO* i vP
$20 AND WE PAY THE FREIGHT
N This high-grade Harris
A Sowing Machine, guar¬
anteed for 20years for only
$20 and we pay the freight
[to all points east of Den¬
ver, Col. Besides you aro
allowed 60 days in which to
try it in your own home.
Notice the beauty of the de¬
sign; golden quarter-sawed
oak, hand polished ball
bearings, drop front, auto¬
matio lift. A lull set of at¬
tachments with each ma¬
chine. The finest material
and the host workmanship represented. The great¬
est bargain ever offered. Send for our Sowing Ma¬
chine Catalog. Free for the asking.
101 PIECE DINNER SET $7.00
15,000 sets to bo sold at this astonishingly low price.
Doeorntion beautiful floral sprays of dainty pink
roses and green leaves. Gold borders. Each piece
warranted. We also have 42-plece sets selling just
now at $3.00. v
PLUMBING MATERIAL
Everything needed in plumb¬
ing material. Our prices moan
a saving to you or 30 to 50 per
cent. Hero is an illustration
of a bathroom <tO'7 C/Y
outfit selling at «pO • ,JU
Your plumber would ask you
about $60.00 for this same
outfit. Our catalog describes
them in detail. Write us
today for the catalog.
Our Great “Price Wrecker”
~ ' — ✓
Under this heading we publish a mammoth
1100-page Catalog of bargains. It describes
300,000 new articles secured by us from Sher¬
iffs ’, Receivers’ and Manufacturers’ Sales.
Gives interesting facts as to our past history
and makes you acquainted with the greatest
Commercial Institution in Chicago.
1100 Pages of Bargains
We send this catalog to you without obliga¬
tion of any kind. It contains illustrations true
to life of everything the manufacturing world
produces; it gives plain, straight from the
shoulder descriptions — shows in colors hand¬
some floor coverings, clothing, etc. All you
need to do is to fill out the coupon below, or
merely drop us acard and the book will be for¬
warded to you at once, all charges prepaid.
$20 ALL-WOOL v $10
SERGE SUIT —
v' Lined w ith Skinner’ sG uaranteod
Satin. The king of suit values. An
all-wool, silk lined, stylish Blue
Serge Suit, backed by our guaran-
too to either satisfy or we will ro-
tura your money. Three button,
round cut sack dress stylo well
tailored; padded shoulders; long,
shapely lapels; single breasted.
The trousers aro full semi-peg, per¬
fect hanging, belt loops and adjustable
side buckles and straps. All sizes from
34 to 44 chest me&suro, 30 to 42 waist and 80
to 35 inscam. This is an excollent example
of how we save you money. - _ _
$7.20 FOR THIS OAK DRESSER
hr An opportunity such as this to
secure a high-grade, handsomo
dresser at our bargain price has
never been equaled. This is a
splendidly constructed piece of
furniture. Colonial, stylo; wood
carvings; brass trimmings. Throo
roomy drawers; good locks and
castors. French bovol plate mir¬
ror 20 inches high, 16 inches wide.
Top is double thickness. The up¬
per drawer has waved front.
The throe panel ends have groat
strength. Finish is a rich, golden
gloss. Ordor by Lot i 0 T Of!
No. 88GW. Price— .
Write for Furniture Catalog.
A $12.00 DINING ROOM
TABLE FOR $7.45
Colonial Pedestal Table.'
The illustration shows th*
harmonious lines but the
tablo must be seen to ap¬
preciate the rich golden
finish. Tt is excellently
made with heavy, solid ped¬
estal and scroll legs. Ex¬
tra leaves aro furnished
froo. Extension six foot.
Has 42 inch top. An actual
$12.00yaluo. Or- $7.45
dor by Eot No. l-K-6643. Price only
AUTOMATIC BED
DAVENPORT $10.90
Thisneat, substantial full size AutomatioBod Dav¬
enport at a saving of at
least half the regular price.
It hastho best guaranteed
indestructible steel spring
construction. Tufted as
shown and covored with
fabricord leather over
soft filling. Tho frame
is very strong solid oak
finished a gold
This is one of our greatest values. Or¬
der by Lot No. l-K-985. Price -
HOI 111 OdK,
Iden gloss.
$(0.90
Write for catalog today.
Any of These Price Wrecking Catalogs SENT FREE
We publish many special booklets giving specific information on certain lines of merchandise of which a brief description is shown below. If any of these sub¬
jects are of interest, we will send you the books noted without any obligation to you. If you do not want to fill in the coupon shown on the left, just drop us a line
and say what catalogs you want and state where you have seen this advertisement, then they will be sent to you at once, all charges prepaid. Write to us today.
Fill Out This Coupon
Chicago House Wrecking Co. 57
35th and Iron Sts.
I saw your ad in Rural N'rw-'N orker.
I am interested in _ _ —
5end me free of all charges your 1100-
page catalog.
Send the following additional books -
Name _ _ _
Town _ County -
Slate _ R.F.D _ P.O.Box _
LadieslApparel
This book illus-
tratosand’descr ibes
TTJior Ladies’ and Cliil-
■ — dron’sWearingAp-
B~ parol, and isan ed-
. ftppsKlts'ffwl ucation in itself of
‘VaSoi the very latest and
correct styles. As
to qualitythisisan
essential that takes
Srs’fc place In all our dealings. Quality
and low prices. We send you this book
absolutely free, and you can dress in the
-most up-to-date manner at a saving of
from 30 to 50 por cent. Send today.
Floor Covering
Shows actual colors of Rugs, Carpets,
Linoleum. Beautiful assortment of lat¬
est designs and rich colorings. Will
save you money every time you make a
selection. Sent you absolutely free.
Wall Paper Catalog
Be sure to send for our sample book.
It shows the paper itself so you will
know just what you are getting. Beau¬
tiful designs and colorings for every
room. 30 to 50 per cent saving.
Our^Clothing Book
A correct guide to the
groper styles for men and
oys. Tho illustrations
are true to life. Samples
of tho goods are shown so
you will know just what
you aro getting, and a per¬
fect fit is guaranteed. Be¬
sides we save you so much
money on every deal that
you certainly should take
advantage of tho money¬
saving bargains this book contains.
Sent you absolutely free for the asking.
Write for it today.
Grocery Price List
Shows how you can economize in your
every day wants. Published every 60
days. Shall wo put your name on our
mailing list? Fresh groceriesof excel¬
lent qual ity is the keynote of our success.
Sewing Machines
Gives complete and valuable inform¬
ation regarding Sewing Machines, and
shows you how you can obtain this
household necessity at a splendid sav¬
ing. Be sure to got this catalog.
Boots and Shoes
Ladies’, Men’s,
O li i 1 d r e n’s Shoes,
Boots, Rubbers,SIip-
pors, etc. A perfect
lit, excellent quality
and a low price is
guaranteed. Our
stock always repre¬
sents tho latest fash¬
ions. We givo you
the privilege of ex¬
amining the shoes,
trying themon, and then if they don’t
suit, send them back. Nothing could
bo fairer. Send for catalog to-day.
Gasoline Engines
Catalog describes fully our Superior
Gasoline Engines— Stationary, Port-
- .ngines
able and Marine. The
;rado
- _ _ - highest g:
engines at lowest prices. A full line
of belting, shafting, hangers, etc.
Jewelry Catalog
By taking advantage of the wonder¬
ful bargains this hook contains you
will find yourself able to afford beau¬
tiful pieces of jewelry —watches,
rings, etc. Wo send this book free.
Harness and Vehicles
Wo save you so
much money on this
class of goods that
you Bliould at once
get our catalog. It
makes no difference
what you need in the
way of harness, wag¬
ons, carriages, run¬
abouts. trucks, etc.,
you will find them
listed at a very low
price. We guarantee satisfaction or
money refunded in every caso. This
book sent you absolutely freo.
\I
Dry Goods Catalog
This book contains most remark¬
able bargains on your every day
needs. It is of incalculable value
to every home in the land. Will
save you from 30 to 50 per cent.
Sporting Goods
This book shows Cameras, Guns,
Football Supplies, in fact everything
in tho Sporting Goods line, and al¬
ways ut a saving in price. Send for
this catalog at once. It is free.
CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO. 35th and Iron Sts * CHICAGO
1
PHOTO £nKC0.
Vol. LXX. No. 4093.
NEW YORK, APRIL 8, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING. When the articles were put on the table another slip where a grower had very large orchards or acreage
3 was punched, giving the number of the grower, the of vegetables an association ' superintendent could be
date packed, and the number of packages of each put in charge of his packing house if he preferred to
After studying the results, obtained in shipping grade. From these entries were made in a special have one on his own ground. For the greatest suc-
through our central association, the “Growers’ and book in which one line gave a full accounting from cess of the associations, all members should be re-
Shippers’ Exchange,” by individual members and other the time the load was taken in until the credit was quired to sign a contract, stating what was to be de¬
associations besides our own, 1 am convinced that given for the net returns. All goods lost their
nothing could be shipped
hvered, so that the
as association goods or
receive the association
guarantee except those
which have been packed
in the association pack¬
ing house, or under the
supervision of an associ¬
ation inspector. Nothing
will take the place of the
central packing house to
which each member de¬
livers his product as it
is harvested, there to be
assorted, and graded to
standards which will
meet with the approval
of the trade ; then
stamping the' ' packages
with the guarantee of the
association that the con¬
tents are alike through¬
out and of the • grade
marked. ' • • Hold to the
highest ideal as to grade,
use nothing but the best
clean packages of the
. standard kind, which is,
in general use in the
market to . .which the
product is to be shipped,
then try to get the prod¬
uct to the' consumer as
quickly as possible. Un¬
less such a system is ad¬
hered to and the pack¬
ing done . alike at all
times the association will
be unable to establish a
reputation, for their
marks will mean noth¬
ing to the public who
buy their goods. A great
deal can be accom¬
plished in a comparative¬
ly small packing house;
At the Ionia Grow¬
ers’ Association packing
house which is shown in
the picture, Fig. 152, 114
carloads of cucumbers
were received from the
growers, sorted into four
grades, packed, marked,
and loaded into cars at
an expense of three
cents per basket of one
bushel. As the loads
came in receipts were
given, which consisted of duplex slips, one copy going
to the office and one to the party delivering the load.
Each grower had a number, and the numbers of all
the growers were printed on the duplex. Then the
slip was punched showing the number of the grower,
the name of the article delivered, date, and number
of packages delivered; nothing was written, and both
being punched at once there could be no dispute.
IONIA GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION PACKING HOUSE. Fig. 152.
INTERIOR OF A FARMERS’ CO-OPERATIVE PACKING HOUSE. Fig. 153.
identity as soon as packed. When the returns were
all in for each, week’s shipment each member of the
association was credited with the average price of
each grade on all sales, so it mattered not which car
the grower’s goods were in, or to what market they
were sent.
I see no reason why such a system cannot be used
in handling all kinds of fruit and vegetables, for
association officers could know
what to provide for in
the way of packages,
labor, etc., as well as to
advise the parties to
whom they were ship¬
ping what they could ex¬
pect, for unless this is
done some of the weak-
kneed brethren will be
induced by some of the
smooth - tongued pirates
who are lurking around
seeking whom they may
devour to ship their
goods through other
channels, regardless of
the fact that the asso¬
ciation has spent money
in procuring markets for
the same goods.
As to the need of a
central organization,
there will be no doubt
in the mind of anyone
who has watched the
shipments, as they are
made promiscuously from
the several shipping dis¬
tricts, all endeavoring to
get their goods on the
highest-priced market. As
an illustration, one day
about the middle of
August, 1910, cucumbers
were worth $3.50 per
basket on the Chicago
market. In less than one
week, owing to the rush
to obtain the high prices,
goods which were ship¬
ped from eastern points
had so demoralized the
market that many were
sold as low as 50 cents
per basket. This could
have been avoided had
there been central asso¬
ciations, who could have
known the general trend
of shipments. The mar¬
ket conditions could be
obtained much easier
through the central or¬
ganization by wire each
day, and the directions
given for shipping, so as
to give a much wider
distribution and better
results obtained.
In conclusion I wish to urge the absolute necessity
of loyalty of every member to their association. Don’t
be weak. Don’t kick and find fault. Nothing will do
more to promote the interests of the members and
the association alike than the determination of all to
stand by their association, and the realization that
they are a part of the association. The members will
do well to study and work to carry out the quotation
_
-468
THE: RURAL NEW -YORKER
from Phillips Brooks, in handling their organization:
“0, do not pray for easier lives, pray to be stronger
men. Do not pray for tasks equal to your powers,
piay for powers equal to your tasks. Then the doing
of your work will be no miracle.” c. R. white.
A CIDER TRAP FOR CODLING MOTH.
What Science Has to Say.
Take your left-over apples (if they are partly rotten
they will do) and press the cider out of them. Put the
cider in gallon crocks or milkpans. about two quarts in
each vessel, and put them around through the orchard
with two narrow strips on the edge of the vessel, and
then a square board on top of the strips wide enough to
cover the top of the vessel. Put them in the orchard
about sundown, when the trees are in full bloom. That is
the time the Codling moth begins work in the trees. Visit
the vessels every morning and skim the moths out of the
cider, and put the boards down tight on the vessels through
the day or you will have as many honey bees at night as
you had moths in the morning. Keep this up as long as
you can catch the moths ; it is best to take stakes about
three feet long and drive them in the ground where you
want your vessels and nail a board on top of them about
six inches square to sit the vessels on to keep the dogs
or rabbits from knocking the covers off. The Codling
moths simply crawl down in the cider and drown them¬
selves. PERRY NIXON.
Kansas.
In regard to the cider trap for the Codling moth, I
would say that many kinds of traps have been recom¬
mended for this moth. Chief among these are lights
or so-called trap-lanterns. The results of these lan¬
tern experiments seem to show that the Codling
moth is either an adept in avoiding traps and snares,
or else it does not visit them at all. In 1889 six trap-
lanterns were run at Cornell University from May 1
until October 15, or five and one-half months. Nearly
13,000 insects were taken in these lanterns, but not
one Codling moth was recognized among them. In
Canada two so-called moth-catchers were run in a
garden containing apple trees and other fruit trees
for three months and no Codling moths were caught.
The results obtained by several other experiments
with moth-catchers tally with the foregoing.
Regarding the use of cider as a trap, it is natural
for most of us, in the light of the foregoing experi¬
ments, to be rather sceptical. Probably the writer of
the letter thought that since the Codling moth lays its
egg on the apple fruit and leaves that it would take
to cider. Unfortunately for this theory, the moth it¬
self eats almost nothing, probably nothing in most
cases; and when it does take food it prefers sweet¬
ened material, such as syrup and nectar of flowers.
It must he remembered that there are hundreds of
small moths flying at night that resemble Codling
moths and are apt to be mistaken for them. We are
inclined to think that such has been the case with
the writer of the letter. Some of the moths caught
should be sent to an entomologist for examination. If
the moths can be caught in so simple a way and in
such numbers, fruit growers ought to know of it.
GI.ENN W. HERRICK.
AN UNPROFITABLE COW.
Two months and more ago I bought a little runt of a
cow, said to be about half or more Jersey, which 1 was
informed had dropped a calf four or five weeks previ¬
ously. The cow was poor as a crow, but it was claimed
that she was giving 12 quarts of milk a day. As a mat¬
ter of fact she has given me not over six quarts a day,
and more often not over four, and the milk is of mighty
poor quality at that. Personally, I know no more about
feeding a cow than I do about Sanskrit, but I have a
man on the place wlio comes from Yoik State and who, if
he was not born in a stable, has spent the biggest part
of bis life in one, and claims to be capable of getting
milk out of any cow that makes it. He told me what to
buy in the way of feed and I sailed in, getting anything
and everything he suggested, believing that after awhile
he would hit on a combination that would produce milk,
but it is all wasted money. If I keep my health and work
hard enough I can probably pay for the cow’s feed awhile
longer, but I really would like a little good, rich milk for
the expenditure. Can you suggest anything to help? She
is four years old, and has had two calves. She is putting
on flesh and looks like an entirely different animal from
the one 1 bought, but what does she do with her milk?
I have fed her Timothy hay, which she wouldn’t touch
(she used to get cow-pea hay at her old home), clover
hay, Alfalfa, mixed hay, bovita, middlings, wheat bran,
cotton-seed meal, beet pulp and one meal a day of apple
and potato parings from the kitchen. Yesterday I weighed
her feed, which is just what she has been getting for the
last three weeks. Here is the schedule for the evening
meal : Clover hay and Alfalfa, mixed and run through
the cutting box, 3% pounds; beet pulp, two pounds; wheat
bran, 1% pounds; cotton-seed meal, % pound. She gets
the same for a morning meal and has her parings at noon.
She has no pasturage, but between meals she is offered
a little hay which she rarely eats. She weighs perhaps
600 pounds, hut I wouldn't want to bet on her weighing
much over 500. She gets fine water to drink and plenty
of it. AYhat would you do with her? Cut her throat?
It doesn’t seem to me that I am feeding her enough, but
this farm sharp of mine says she is getting all she needs.
l’ine Bluff, N. C. F. N. B.
Your success in the dairy business on a small scale
corresponds very favorably with my chances for suc¬
cess if I should start a boarding house or some other
business which I know nothing about. Contrary to
the ideas of many people who have not had practical
farming experience, the dairy business, the poultry
business and other lines of agricultural endeavor have
been reduced to a science which is just as broad and
intricate in its teachings as any other trade or pro¬
fession. Anyone who doubts this statement and
proceeds to invest good money in live stock of any
kind without mature deliberation and a thorough
study of the subject, will pay dearly for his experience
practically every time.
Like everything else, a mistake in the beginning
can seldom be overcome. Your first mistake was in
purchasing a poor, undersized cow. Any cow that is
worth keeping at all is worth feeding properly. The
fact that she ^ was “poor as a crow” when you pur¬
chased her should have given jrou the impression that
she was not considered a very valuable animal by her
former owner,- or he would have supplied her with
the necessities of life at least. A cow that has been
kept so poor that her vital energy has been impaired
will never fully recover. The best advice I can give
you is to sell or beef the cow, as she will never be
any better than she is now. The feed you have been
giving her ought to produce a satisfactory flow of
milk when the proper quantity is fed to a good cow.
While the amount fed is only enough for a good-
sized woodchuck it compares favorably with the size
of the cow and the amount of milk she is giving. The
BAMBOO AT CULEBRA, CANAL ZONE. Fig. 154.
fact that she has gained in flesh since coming into
your possession shows that she has not been under¬
fed. If you could get a good fresh cow to start with
your chances for the successful production of a sup¬
ply of milk would be greatly improved. c. S. g.
THE CULL IN THE PACKAGE.
Every year our people come complaining about the
quality of the apple they find in the package. This
year there have been even more than usual, and this
has come to a climax in the following letter:
In reading the account of the New York Fruit Growers’
meeting at Rochester, I noticed that a woman took up the
cudgels for Wayne County fruit, denying the cull in the
package as it were. Being in want of a good barrel of
Baldwins, this prompted me to buy a barrel from that
county accordingly. I searched through the commission
district until I found some from there. The commission
man assured me they were packed honestly, saying he had
sold hundreds of barrels for the man, without complaint.
As they looked good on top I bought a barrel. Between
the two ends were about half a bushel of such apples as I
am sending you, of which they are a fair sample, lots of
them being smaller, greener and more bruised. If they are
not culls, to what grade do they belong? c. e. w.
On looking the matter up we find that Mrs. Flor¬
ence Cornwall made one of the best speeches at the
New York State Fruit Growers’ meeting at Roches¬
ter. She took up this subject of the cull in the pack¬
age, and in describing the way business is done, made
the following statement:
In Wayne County 95 per cent of the apples are bought
by dealers, operators, speculators. He buys them orchard
run. He does much of the packing and oversees the rest
himself. Ho labels the fruit. It is just like this : Last
year a dealer offered us 80 cents a bushel orchard run.
April 8,
When we said .$3 a baarel he laughed and went away.
But he bought our neighbors’ apples, took them to stor¬
age. During the Winter he repacked them with the co¬
operation of a New York commission man, packed them
so loosely that he made about 20 extra barrels out of his
8,000 barrels, put in two bushels of fairly good ‘apples,
one bushel on the bottom, one bushel on top, filled in the
middle with cider apples. Some of these which we brought
home as a curiosity were the size of cherries. He said :
“In New York City they only pay for two bushels of good
apples. What is the use of putting in three?’’
He shipped his first carload to his friend in New York
City, got $3.75 a barrel, while we and others who packed
their own fruit and packed it fair and honest got $5.50.
His second car dropped 50 cents a barrel, the third 25 cents
more, in spite of the efforts of his friend to keep up the
price. In the end he lost a great deal of money. He also
lost incidentally or did his best to lose the reputation of
the western New York State apple. It went into the middle
of the barrel with the culls.
The probability is that our correspondents got hold
of just that kind of a barrel, and it needs no argu¬
ment to show the damage that is done by such a per¬
formance. Every honest packer in Wayne County is
hurt when such stuff comes out of the barrel. We
took fair samples of the apples that were sent us by
this correspondent and had them photographed, show¬
ing the exact size and appearance. The pictures are
at big. 157, where all may see them. This inn i says
he paid $4.50 for the barrel of apples, and it must
have been a great satisfaction to him when he picked
out these specimens in the center of the package.
There is no joke whatever about this matter. It is
one of the most serious problems which confronts the
Eastern fruit grower to-day. With the millions of
apple trees that are being planted in other sections
where the growers will learn to pick and pack care¬
fully and honestly, such apples on the inside of a
package bearing the name of New York State are a
worse enemy to the fruit industry than the San Jose
scale. They are more dangerous, because we can put
lime and sulphur on the scale, while unhappily we
are forbidden by law to duck the “stove-pipers” and
ihe cull men in a strong solution of this mixture.
DO APPLE ORCHARDS PAY?
Having had 65 years’ experience in the business,
and having observed the experience of others, I will
make figures which others can consider, taking 10
acres as the basis.
10 acres land, $75 per acre . $750.00
Trees, 500, 50 cents each . 250.00
Flowing . 50.00
Harrowing . 25.00
Phosphate . 50.00
Setting trees . 50.00
First year . $1,175.00
Brought over first year . $1,175.00
Second year, 50 trees. 50 cents each . 25.00
Flowing and harrowing . 45.00
Phosphate . 40.00
Setting trees . 5.00
Interest . 77.40
End of second year . $1,367.40
Third year, 10 trees set out . $6.00
Harrowing . 20.00
Trimming . 5.00
Phosphate . 40.00
Interest . 86.38
$1,524.78
Fourth year, plowing and harrowing . $40.00
Trimming . 5.00
Phosphate . 40.00
Interest . 96.58
$1,706.36
Fourth year brought forward . $1,706.36
Fifth year, expenses . 80.00
Interest . 107.78
$1,894.14
Sixth year, expenses and interest . $198.44
$2,092.58
Seventh year, expense and interest . $2,302.93
Eighth year, expense and interest . 2,544.00
Ninth year, expense and interest . 2,802.64
Tenth year, expense and interest . 3,080.59
This orchard is 10 years old and has cost $3,080.
Two or three years more are to be added to the ex¬
pense before anything can be received from the or¬
chard. I have known orchards of this age that would
not sell for $1,540. My advice is not to invest in
apple orchards unless you want to set up a monument
to your memory, to be appreciated by the next gen¬
eration. If held by your children no doubt they would
profit by your labor; if sold, the buyer would get the
benefit. Seeing by The R. N.-Y. that many people
have lax ideas of apple growing, I would like to have
^me facts by men of experience. The public wants
actual figures. c. e. b.
Lowell, Mass.
R. N.-Y. — Let us have facts by all means. Why
does C. E. B. pay 50 cents each for apple trees? He
can buy at 20 cents or less. Why does he use one dol¬
lar’s worth of fertilizer on each tree the year it is
set out? Why does he not grow some crop be¬
tween the trees while they are coming on ? This
might not be practical in a large orchard, but on
10 acres it could easily be done. The idea of spend¬
ing $45 for plowing and harrowing without growing
any crop among the trees does not fit in with the
practice of modern growers. We met a successful
peach grower last week who told how he developed
a new orchard. The old trees were dug out and the
field seeded to clover. The first crop of clover was
cut for hay. Then six foot wide strips were plowed
and the new trees planted in these strips and well
cultivated. The middles were left in clover, well
cultivated and cut for hay. As the trees grew the
plowed strips were made wider and wider. As a
lesult of this the trees made a fine growth and the
clover nearly paid all cost of working.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
■469
MAKING BALDWIN TREES BEAR YEARLY,
Training Up a Young Orchard.
1. I have a youug orchard, about 60 trees, which only
bear every other year. Can anything be done to make it
bear every year? It is in sod. I pasture it with calves
and pigs. Would it be better to plow and cultivate it?
It has not been trimmed lately. Would you trim it in
Winter or wait till Spring? 2. I have 12 trees in a row
along the highway. They blossom every Spring, but do
not bear any fruit. They are Greenings, one Hen Davis.
What would you do to make them bear? u. a. c.
Bomus Point, N. Y.
1. Some varieties of apples are known as annual
croppers, and others, like the Baldwin especially, are
known as having the habit of bearing every other
year. There have been many explanations of the
reason for this difference in varieties, and I have al¬
ways been much interested in tales of orchards that
produced paying crops annually, and have also studied
those varieties that are known as annual producers. I
have come to the conclusion that this is largely a
question of the assimilation and elaboration of plant
food by the tree. The soil solution of plant food
taken up by the roots is transferred in the sap through
roots, trunk, branches and twigs to the leaves, where
under the influence of the sunlight and of the green
chlorophyll cells of the leaves it combines with certain
elements taken from the air, and a refined plant food
is formed from which the different parts of the tree,
such as wood growth, buds and fruit are formed and
enough surplus stored up for the beginning of growth
the following Spring. Now take the Baldwin apple,
for instance, to illustrate this point. It has a reputa¬
tion as semi-annual cropper, producing usually every
other year, and that year produces heavy crops, often
taxing the vitality of the tree severely to carry the
large crop through to maturity. Tlie Baldwin ranks
among the weakest as to foliage, and one of several
things happens with a heavy crop of fruit ; for ex¬
ample, insufficient moisture in soil to carry enough
plant food to the leaves to be elaborated in the leaves
and mature the crop, and at the same time store up
enough in excess to change prospective leaf buds on
fruit spurs to flower buds, or if so
changed not sufficient supply to vitalize
them as it were, and make them strong
enough to set a crop of fruit under
unfavorable conditions and produce a
crop of fruit. We have all seen the
small undersized fruit bud and the ob¬
servant grower knows that as a rule it
blossoms and seldom sets fruit except
under most favorable conditions.
Again, there might be plenty of soil
moisture and a surplus of plant food in
the soil, but because of severe insect or
fungous injury the foliage might be so
weakened that plant food could not be
elaborated in sufficient quantity to sup¬
ply the growing crop of fruit, and also develop fruit¬
ing buds for next year. I have seen Baldwin or¬
chards that have been yielding paying crops each
year for past several years, and And these growers
either till thoroughly to conserve moisture, or there
is an unusual supply of water in the soil, but not
Under above treatment I should expect a slight in¬
creased wood growth over similar bearing years — a
larger and more vigorous leaf of remarkable vitality,
hanging upon trees until early Winter, and a moder¬
ate production of vigorous fruit buds which if care¬
fully looked after the following year will produce a
food crop of fruit. A severe frost at blossom time,
completely killing all blossom buds or setting fruit,
has often changed the bearing year of Baldwin or-
spraying with dilute lime-sulpluir or Bordeaux just
before blossoms opened, followed by another spraying
with the same directly after blossoming. b. d. v. b.
A HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COW.
See page 431.
Fig. 155.
chards. A case recently cited to me was where the
owner of a large Baldwin orchard found it badly in¬
fested with canker worms. He sprayed all but two
rows with an insecticide not strong enough to kill
the caterpillars, and they defoliated the trees. The
two rows he sprayed with much stronger material,
completely destroying the canker worms and saving
the foliage. The following year was the bearing year
of this orchard, but only the two rows upon which
A STEAM ENGINE AT ROAD WORK. . Fig. 156,
the insects were exterminated produced a crop of
apples. The bearing year of the rest of the orchard
was apparently permanently changed, as this happened
10 years ago, and the two rows above mentioned are
yet bearing the year the rest of the orchard has no
crop. Thorough thinning of excessively large crops
enough to be injurious. They all uniformly spray, will also often develop fruit buds, where if the entire
using most up-to-date methods, and the trees hold a crop had been left on the tree it would have so
large luxuriant foliage free from fungous and insect taxed the trees’ vitality that no fruit would be pro¬
injury until late
in Fall. The
KieiTer un¬
doubtedly owes
its vigor and
annual cropping
habit in a large
measure to its
large, vigorous,
leathery leaf,
almost immune
to fungous at¬
tack. What
t r e a t m ent to
recommend for
this orchard
that is only
bearing bi¬
ennially i s a
difficult question
and only some
suggestions can
be made. The year the orchard is to bear, prune at
least moderately, plow as soon as possible in Spring
very shallow, not over four inches, so as to avoid
root injury. Cultivate thoroughly up to latter part of
July to conserve moisture. I would then sow some
cover crop to protect soil and roots — preferably one
that would make quite a top growth before Winter
set in unless certain of enough snow to protect roots.
Give thorough spraying to control scale insects, leaf¬
eating insects and fungous troubles that injure leaves.
THE CULL IN THE PACKAGE. Fig. 157.
dticed the following year. Early apples a.re more
likely to be annual bearers, other things being equal,
because they mature early enough so that the tree lias
a chance to store up surplus food after the crop has
been removed.
2. Possibly the reason these 12 trees have not set
fruit is because the blossom buds have been attacked
by apple scab just before blossoms opened, or the
voting apples attacked just after blossom petals
dropped. I would recommend a trial of thorough
BAMBOO AT CULEBRA,
Fig. 154 reproduces the photograph of a common
Bengalese bamboo from Sibpur, Calcutta, taken at
Culebra, Canal Zone, December, 1910. Plants planted
May, 1908 ; one of the most useful plants of Bengal,
the fiber of which is largely used for mats, baskets,
fans and window-blinds. In America the best split
bamboos are made from the wood of this species.
The young shoots when tender are used as food, and
the wood is used for roofing, scaffolding and baskets.
Some forms because of their numerous thorns forn\
excellent hedges. As the walls of the Culms are very
thick this species has been suggested as a source of
supply for bamboo woven lathing, basket material,
etc. Grows very rapidly, the specimen in the photo¬
graph having attained a height of about 45 feet in
three seasons of growth. The species is supposed to
stand some frost, is quite drought-resistant, and
recommends itself as an ornamental. The picture
and information is supplied by the Plant Introduction
Bureau of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. A
correspondent of the Bureau, Mr. F. R. Ramsdell, of
the Isle of Pines, Cuba, writes that he is using bam¬
boos as wind-breaks. The growth of the bamboo fig¬
ured, 45 feet in three growing seasons, is not at all
excessive. Baron Von Mueller records the growth of
this same variety at the rate of 20 to 70 feet in a
month, and Robert Fortune, the great collector of
Chinese and Japanese plants, noticed the growth of
several Chinese bamboos to be two to 2 feet in a day.
WORK OF A STEAM TRACTION ENGINE.
I enclose picture, Fig. 156, of traction engine and
train used for hauling road material at Apulia, N. Y.
It may interest some of your readers to know some
of the details of this kind of outfit. The engine shown
in picture was selected after careful study of the diff¬
erent styles, as the most suitable for a general purpose
engine, and is, it is safe to say, equal to
any of the same size and rating. While
rated at 15 horse-power, it will develop
45 brake horse-power, and weighs seven
tons. The load of stone and weight of
wagons amounted to between 23 and 25
tons. The trip averaged eight miles and
return daily over macadam road. This
work lasted 65 days, and the road was
apparently improved by the train passing
over it. This engine is also used for
thrashing, running silage cutter, corn
shredder, saws and stone crusher, and is
far superior to horses for hauling road
machines. It would seem the time is
near at hand when a large amount of
freight and produce will be moved by road tractors.
The kerosene and gasoline tractors are being used to
great advantage in the West for all hauling purposes.
Auto trucks for hauling and power purposes are being
put on the market now, and indications are for a rapid
development along this line. The large gas tractors
used so successfully in the West are as a rule too
large and heavy for the narrow stony roads and the
weak bridges of our Empire State. Where there are
small gasoline
tractions on the
m a r k e t, they
seem as yet to
be in the experi¬
mental stage.
The sooner we
get good roads
and move our
freight, produce
and everything
else by motor
vehicles, the
better it will be
for everyone.
R. C. H.
New York.
R. N. - Y.—
The gradual
change in city
trucking caused
by the use of
motor vehicles is very instructive, and we hope to
see their use extended in the country. We can see
great possibilities in their use by cooperative asso¬
ciations. Tf the growers in an association within 50
miles of a city could ship fruit, truck, eggs and other
perishable products direct by their own motor trucks,
the consumer would be in closer touch with the pro¬
ducer, and express delays would be at on end. A
personally conducted express has some advantages, as
florists near New York have discovered.
400
FARMERS’ CLUB
[ If very query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
lepr.rato piece of paper.]
THE GAMBLE OF UNCLAIMED PACKAGES.
In considering the exorbitant charges
made by the express companies, attention
might well he called to the fact that they
incur practically no losses in their busi¬
ness. The expense account is, doubtless,
enormous, but the actual loss sustained
by them in the transportation of goods
is almost nil. They have a very effective
way of recouping themselves for any lia¬
bilities in that direction, which, so far as
I know, is not permitted to any other
business company on earth. Passing
along a business street in Boston a few
years ago, 1 noticed a stream of people
pouring into the basement of a building
which displayed the auctioneer’s red flag-
The place was filled in no time, and, get¬
ting into the throng, I found everybody
eager and excited over the sale of a lot
of unclaimed goods left over with the
Adams Express Company. Talk about
auctions ; that was the liveliest one I
ever witnessed. There was no need of
wit or persuasion on the part of the auc¬
tioneer, for the people just tumbled over
each other to shove up their money in
the vain expectation of getting some¬
thing for nothing. The gambling in¬
stinct, always rife, was being seductively
appealed to, and the bundles, packages,
boxes and trunks went off with a rush.
And in nearly every case good money
was freely exchanged for utter rubbish.
1 watched the game for an hour and in
all that time I did not see a single article
sold that was worth one-half the price
paid for it. In nine cases out of 10 the
object obtained was entirely worthless,
and was dropped in disgust upon the
floor, and very likely the purchaser bid
on the next article up. I noticed one
woman who must have spent $20 at
least, and not one thing did she get that
she considered worth taking home with
her. The floor was littered all over with
all sorts of things, so useless that one
wondered that they should ever have
been sent by express, much less that one
would pay to receive them. But here
was a great express company, selling this
worthless trash, at a large price, in order
to cover cost of carriage and storage,
and using the gambling device of “un¬
sight and unseen” in order to get “other
people’s money.” The State of Massa¬
chusetts gives the express companies the
right to sell unclaimed goods and is sup¬
posed to receive the proceeds after the
costs of carriage and storage are deduct¬
ed, and so in a legal sense it is not gam¬
bling. But it takes advantage of the
gambling instinct in human nature, and
depends upon it for saving the company
from loss. If it sold these goods openly
and uncovered, it would, instead of be¬
ing richly paid for transportation and
storage (and it undoubtedly makes its
own price) lose nearly the whole amount.
The fact that these goods were un¬
claimed would naturally lead to the be¬
lief that they had no value, but the glit¬
tering hope that some one has died and
left some rare treasure unsought for, or
that memory has slipped a cog, serves to
inflame the chance spirit, and that is good
enough for the express companies.
After witnessing this spectacle I drew
up a bill and had it introduced into the
Mouse, the substance of which was, that
no company should be allowed to sell
such goods except when exposed so as
to be clearly seen. In due time the bill
was given a hearing, and, although the
usual notice had been /iven, no one ap¬
peared but myself in its behalf. T showed
the committee some samples of the things
sold at that auction ; a roll of old hand¬
bills, one lone, unmated shoe; unlabeled
bottles of medicine, unsigned photo¬
THK KUKAl, NEW-YORKER
April 8,
graphs, a wooden model of a part of
some machine, some dried-up bottles of
ink, a stove shaker and a Shaker bonnet
frame, and an assortment of other equal¬
ly as valueless rubbish. 1 told the com¬
mittee of the sale of an old trunk for
five dollars which contained a dirty and
ragged theatrical suit, and of another
that held merely some antiquated wire
hat frames. 1 said that many
packages had been broken by handling,
and that the company had the oppor¬
tunity to learn their worthlessness, as
these packages had been carefully re¬
wrapped by its employees. I said that
no other business was permitted, by such
means, to make up its losses, and that if
legally right it was morally wrong. The
committee was evidently in favor of the
bill, but on account of the lack of public
interest in it, gave me leave to with¬
draw. But the defeat did not convince
me that it was not a shameless thing for
a great corporation to take such advan¬
tage of the weakness and foil}' of men
to save itself from business losses, or
that a great State should permit it to
employ such a contemptible device for
the furtherance of its own ends was not
a stigma upon its good name.
EDGAR W. PREBLE.
_
Grafting Persimmons.
N. J. P., Woodbridge, Conn. — I have a
number of seedling persimmon trees. Some
of them arc 12 feet high; they never bear,
and 1 want to graft them to some variety
that is hardy enough to stand our Winters
and hear me good fruit. Will you tell me
where to get the grafts I want, and the
best way and time to set them?
Ans. — Although persimmon trees are
exceedingly difficult to graft success¬
fully, it can be done. The climate of
Connccticult is not too severe for the
trees, but the season of growth is quite
short for the development and ripening
of the fruit. Only the very earliest
varieties can be expected to mature
there. The one called Early Golden,
which I have grown and often eaten,
is the best one that I know. It is grown
by E. A. Riehl, of North Alton, Ill.
The scions should be 'secured before
there is any action of the sap whatever
and stored in a very cool place, in damp
but not wet moss. They must be kept
in this condition until the trees have
started into growth and then the graft¬
ing should be done at once and with
extreme care. H. e. van deman.
Knotty Fruit on Pears.
hj. ]). H., Pinion, Mich. — I have 250 pear
trees six years old in orchard. They bear
every year, but the fruit is mostly knotty
and gnarly. Is there anything 1 can do
for the trees to prevent this? The trees are
thrifty, no blight; varieties Bartlett, stand¬
ard, and Louise Bonne, dwarf.
Ans. — It is probable that fungus dis¬
eases and insects are the cause of the
knotty and otherwise undesirable pears.
They will no doubt be greatly benefited
by spraying with lime-sulphur and ar- ,
senate of lead. There are ample in¬
structions for doing this in the publica¬
tions issued by the Government Depart¬
ment of Agriculture and the various
State experiment stations, and they may
be had for the asking. There are also
the same directions appearing in the
rural press very often. Anyone and
everyone who grows fruit should be well
informed on this subject and it is his
own fault if he is not. Send at once for
the booklets giving the directions needed.
The director of the Experiment Station
at College Point is the proper person
for a citizen of Maryland to ask for
them. H. E. VAN DEMAN.
Policeman (to clubman returning
home late) : “Here, you can’t open the
door with that; it’s your cigar.” Club¬
man : “Great Scott ! Then I have
smoked my latchkey !” — Le Rire.
%
f V? ~»f of Slate Never
Lightning
.... . „ Hie Arc loss c
endangerments of life, stock and property
that a roof of slate on your home, barn or
out-buildings will forever eliminate.
Think of having a roof that lightning, sun,
fire, water,, snow, ice, or the action of air cannot
affect— that cannot warp, crack, rust or decay.
Think of having a roof of natural rock, that
is solid, enduring, ornamental; that lowers fire
insurance premiums; increases property valua¬
tions; betters the appearance of any building it
covers and never wears out, and you must
think of —
Sea Green and Purple
Roofing Slate
The one roofing by which all patent or artifi¬
cial roofing preparations are compared— by which
the test of service and satisfaction of any roof¬
ing material is Judged— is Sea Green and
Purple Slate.
Don’t allow the misleading low first cost of
these cheap roofings to prevent you from having a
roof that lasts forever— that will never need
repairing. Specify Slate and settle your roofing
problem for the balance of your life.
Send Today for Proo Booklet “Roofs”
Investigate the Roofing question. Get the
unbiased opinions and experiences of practical
men of building experts now. Send for our book¬
let “Roofs.” Simply tell us the name of your
nearest roofer and your copy of this booklet will
be mailed absolutely Free.
The American Sea Green Slate Co.
( Roofs That Never Wear Out)
|f Q dark Street, Granville, N. Y.
FUMA
| 4 BH I ■ H ■ 99 kills Prairie Dogs,
“ ® ® Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of tho gods
grind slow but exceed¬
ingly small.” So the weevil, but you can stop thoir
^vith “Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ’’are *£?£
EDWARD It. TAVLOR, Penn Tan, N. V.
MAnufactuhkbs of TUDCCUITDO
am. k i n i is of i nr. u o n el ft o
Ad’3,S. K. CAMPBELL. Central Bridge. N-lf.
We Want a Man
IN YOUR VICINITY
To show every telephone user our
“NO RISK” Lightning arrester
One agent writes: *T sold over 750 ‘No
Risk’ Arresters and made a friend at each
home.” Easy to sell, easy to install and
operate. Several persons killed recently
and so much damage caused by
lightning coming in over the 'phone
wire, people want and demand the
best protection they can get. We
allow our representatives a large
commission and they make good money. Write today
for our free book and splendid proposition. Do it now.
W. E. ASHBY TELEPHONE CUT OUT CO., 41 H LOCUS I ST., DES MOINES, IOWA
DONT FAIL TO PLANT
SOME OF THE
Meadowvale Gladioli
THIS SEASON.
Write -for Free Illustrated Catalogue at once.
ART HUR COWEE
Meadowvale Farm, Box 54, BERLIN, N. Y.
— ISO ACRES. Genesee Valley
grown. "Not tho cheapest, but
the best.” Never have bad San
Jose Scale. Established 1869.
rATAior pritc GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO.,
LAIALUu r Knr. 20 Maple St., Daitsville, N. Y.
FRUIT TREES and PLANTS
At prices that will astonish you. Send for Whole¬
sale l’riee List and Lithographs. Several good
collections cheap. We have a complete assortment
in all varieties of fruit trees and plants. Special
Strawberry Catalog. Headquarter?, for the Old-
Fashioned Sweet Cherry. No crooked or inferior
stock sold at any price. Satisfaction guaranteed.
L’AMORKAUX NURSERY CO., Schoharie. N. Y.
Agents' Prtcos Cut In Two
Direct to You
If you want a small but choice cherry orchard, get
our Collection No. 3 — 6 grand, sweet cherries for
• 1 .20— one-fiffh less than catalogue prices— ail two
year old trees, 6 to 7 ft. high.
2 Croon’s Tartarian, 1 Cov. Wood, t Napoleon,
1 Windsor c Schmidt's Bigarroau. These will give
you cheines from early June till fall.
12 Best Plums only $2.35
This is one-third off our regular catalogue price — and the
varieties I note them: Abundance , Burbank, Gttcii, Brad¬
shaw, owe each; Shropshire Damson, Lombard, York State,
Niagara, 2 each. Twelve trees all largest best stock, and at
this special price of $2.25.
There are many other Bargain collections of all kinds in
our 1911 Catalogue — larger, liner, better than ever before.
Send for it to-dav to convince yourself. We have no agents —
th Tefore save you their big commissions. If you write soon
and ask for it, we will send you free our souvenir book,
** 20 Years with Fruits and Flowers.”
GREEN'S NURSERY CO., Box 22, Rochester, N. Y.
When you write advertisers mention The
It. X.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
THE APPLE BUSINESS
Is a sure tiling — if you have the right kind of
a tree. People may plant too many oranges
but the good old apple is a sure thing. T he
time to get in with that hillside is right now
— this Spring.
There is some discussion about the best
aged tree to plant. Some want big trees and
some little whips. We have them all!
The size is a matter of opinion but every¬
body agrees that the health and life of the
tree is more important. We put life and
health in our trees — or they do it themselves.
They grow in strong ground with no
check from start to finish and with a long
fall season to harden and ripen their woods.
They are sound, free from disease and
ready to grow. Every variety you want
and every tree right.
The Catalog tells all about it.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 15, BERLIN, MD.
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS u,aJ :XZ.
Ppplcs ... $15.00 per .00
Peaches ... $8.00 per lOO
Cherries ... $10.00 per lOO
Strictly First-Class Stock, Government In¬
spected. Write today for our free eat nlogue
on Fruits and Ornamentals, ami buy direct
from the growers. Our trees are grown in that
great nursery belt of Ontario County.
ONTARIO NURSERY CO., Inc.
GENEVA, N. Y. Box No. 21
OLYMPIC NATURE NURSERY
Rhoilodondroiis. Madron as. Oregon Grapes. Huckle¬
berries and other wild shrubs, plants and flowers.
By mail. 10 for 50 cents, 24 for SI. 00 postpaid.
Money back if not satisfied.
JOEL SHOMAKKIi, Nellita, Washington.
MILLIONS OF FLOWERING
and Decorating Plants of all kinds, including Early
and Late Vegetable Plants in abundance, for Flor¬
ists. Landscape Gardeners, Parks, Institutions,
etc., at wholesale prices Send for lists.
ALONZO J. BRYAN. Wholesale Florist, Washington, N. J.
200 \ nrtetle*. Also Drupes, Small Fruits, etc. Best
rooted mock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for 10c,
Catalog free. LKW18 KOKSCH A SON, llo» k , Krcdonla, H. Y,
CHERRY TREES
100 Early Richmond Cherry
TwoYear, 5 to A Feet, $16,00
Freight paid to your station. All Other nursery
stock sold direct to planter at lowest possible prices
for high-grade stock. Send for descriptive price list.
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES
NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
EDI! I T TDL’L’C Pears, Bartlett, 8eckel and others.
iKUIl lRC.r3 Chcrrien and IMiiiuk. all standard
I varieties. Peaches grown from buds from tearing
Block. Get wholesale prices direct from us ; also £1 Lot
Offers. Free Catalog. Prize Hampshire sheep. Write
W. P. RUPERT J. SON, Box 20, Sen ecu, N. Y.
12 FRUIT TREES W»SH FOR 98c
1 Roosevelt, 1 Bradshaw Plum, 1
Niagara Peach, 1 Bing, 1 Napo¬
leon. 1 Montmorency Cherry, I
Baldwin, 1 McIntosh, i King
Apple, 1 Orange Quince, 1 Bartlett.
1 Seckel Pear. All first class trees,
2 yr., 4 ft, high for 98c. Everybody
write for free illustrated catalogue.
Maloney Bros. S Wells, Box 13 D&nsville, N„ Y.
Black's Peach Trees-! 91 1
, , Peach Trees are one of our specialties — we
***••*-- r~- alone. Our
than the]
«, -
direct .saving middleman's profits.
S 8*w • •• m
J
New bxjklet. “Springtime and Vc2 lllSfal©
Harvest for the Fruit- grower/’ free. ** ■ ■ ■
Booklet
Joseph II. Black, Son Sc Co.
Box V, HiRhtstown,New Jersey
Sent Free
McM/IV’S Peach Trees - —
MCKAY'S Dwarf Apple Trees - —
MCKAY'S Acre Cherry Orchard, S15 -
MCKAY'S Rose Bashes on their own roots - —
Me KAY'S Fertilizer Chemicals —
MCKAY'S Agricultural Lime, S3 per ton
Me KAY'S Catalopuc tells about them a in' more
. — W. L. McKay. G ENEVA, N. Y. Box R.
CATALPA
SPFCIQSA
mis
Mine are true to name. Write for Free booklet which tells
all about the 150 acres I am growing for telephone poles.
H. C. ROGERS, Box 11, Mechanicsbnro, Ohio.
Pomeroy Hardy English WALNUT TREES
Free Illustrated Pooklet
ENGLISH WALNUT FARM
D, N. POME BOY LOCKPOKT, N. \r.
PEACH TREES
KLUKKTA, CARMAN. HIELJEY, ami all the
leading varieties at prices that will save yon money.
Wo have APPLE, PEAR, PLUM, and other varieties of
fruit trees also. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers; they enrich the eartli and
those who till it.” — Adv.
FRUIT TREES
Our Proof to date after years of service is that
we can save you not only money, but disap¬
pointment. when your trees begin to fruit.
This Proof will be submitted with our new
catalog — ask for it today. * * * * *
H. S. WILEY & SON, Box 122, Cayirca, N. Y.
1911.
Il'IrltC KUKA.L, NEW-YORKER
401
BRACING END AND CORNER POSTS.
The stability and "usefulness of a woven
wire fence depends almost altogether on
the substantial setting and thorough
bracing of the end and corner posts. Many
set very large posts and think if well
braced in the ordinary way they will hold,
but it is not the case. Especially is this
true when a fence is 40 or more rods in
length. They only have to pull out of a
rpendicular position a little and the top
wires become a little slack. This caust ^
in a little while still greater looseness of
the upper portion. The result is that the
force of the wind blowing first in one di¬
rection and then in another", causes the
entire fence to vibrate so violently that all
the line posts become loosened and stand
much out of an upright position. Such a
fence is not only much weakened against
violent strains to which it is subject, but
has a very unsightly appearance. It’ must
be remembered that in properly stretching
from 40 to 80 rods of heavy field wire
fence, there is a powerful pull on the
end posts, or on a corner post where one
of equal length is also attached to it. Such
posts do not necessarily have to be extra
large, as many imagine. Eight to 10 inches
square is sufficient for the very largest.
It is the anchoring and bracing that give
them the proper stability. If made of
wood it ought to be of a very durable
kind.
In giving a description of a very superior
way of setting and bracing an end post, it
will be explained here that if a corner
post is desired to be set, all there is to
do extra is to brace it both ways the
fence runs and in the same manner. End
and corner posts when there is a heavy
pressure upon them ought to be nine feet
long. This allows five feet to project, which
is plenty high for all farm fences. They
must set in the ground full four feet for
the greatest permanency. Before setting
an end post there is a little work neces¬
sary to get it ready. Near the bottom cut
a notch about one and a half inch deep
by four in width. Securely spike' into this
cut a piece of timber two feet long and two
by four inches in size. This is to serve as
an anchor to prevent the possibility of a
post being pulled up. Four feet and three
Inches above the bottom end bore a three-
quarter-inch hole entirely through it, and
one foot below the top cut a notch for a
brace to fit in. The post is then ready
to be set, and the bracing can be attended
to afterward. For bracing the post there
is required a piece of timber six inches
square and eight feet long. There is also
a three-quarter-inch round rod of iron
having a three-inch thread cut on each end,
and provided with nuts and heavy washers
needed. To reach from the post to the
brace timber and go through both on a
level, and three inches above the ground,
this rod will have to be eight feet long.
The brace timber has to be beveled at each
end so it will fit neatly in the notch in
the post, and also on the flat stone placed
the right distance from the post on a line
with the fence to be put up.
When all the parts are ready, the post
being set solidly and perfectly upright, all
then to be done is to put the rod of iron
through the holes in both brace and post,
spike the brace fast at the top end, put
on the washers and nuts, and screw up
until all the parts are in the right position.
As has been mentioned, if a corner post is
desired to be set and braced, brace it
both ways in the same manner as an end
post. Some places flat stones are not to
be had. When this is the case, use con¬
crete. Make an excavation about a foot
square and six inches deep and fill it up
just level with the ground, by putting in the
concrete well tamped as in making walks.
There is a cheaper way of securing the foot
of the brace to the base of the post than
using the heavy iron rod described. Cut a
slight notch in both post and brace three
inches above the level of the ground, and
wind around botli four strands of No. 11
wire rather loosely. Then twist the strands
of wire Into a cable, but be careful not to
twist so hard that the post and brace will
be drawn out of the right position. We
have tried bracing end and corner posts
in many ways, but the one that has been
described is the very best of them all, and
if the twisted wire is used instead of the
iron rod the cost is no more than the ordi¬
nary methods in common use. The iron
rod with threads, washers, and nuts, gener¬
ally cost from forty to fifty cents, and some
hardware men keep them in stock at even a
less price. No post if well set and an¬
chored and the bracing done as described
can ever pull up any or pull from a per-
pendlculaj k ion. w. a. g.
Ifrownsburg, ind.
Training Up Vinks.- — Our melons and c
cumbers blasted regularly four or live year
1 drove stakes 12 or 18 inches Ion
nailed narrow strips across, about 24 or I
inches long, and tacked on wire hen ne
ting, making a frame five or six or 10 fe<
♦ e'n v*Iles were planted low, so ;
to fill up , keeping pace with the growl
c v tBl the leaves prevented higln
hilling. The earth was nearly level wil
the outlying earth. Then the vines woi
Induced to climb the wire frame and wei
pinched at the sides and ends of the frame
as seemed best. We have not had bligl
in five years experience. The fruits ai
exceptionally fine in size and flavor. T1
ground beneath frames can be kept fr<
weeds, and I sprinkled wood ash<
V , ty' whenever we had anv ar
planted clover for cover crop the last <
theoorfn seeinLas if k(‘ePing the vines o
the earth was the secret of no blight.
e. w. it.
The E-M-F
Company
Announ
a Flanders “20”
Fore-Door Model
$800
With 3-Speed
Selective
Transmission
EVER SINCE THE ADVENT of the famous Flanders “20” nearly two
years ago, we have been deluged with requests for a touring
body on this sterling light chassis. These requests came from
thousands of good folk who felt they could not afford or didn’t
care to put $1,000 or more into an automobile — of course at
$1,000 there’s only one choice — -E-M-F “30.”
TRUE, THERE WERE OTHERS —several makes of cars selling for
less than $1,000 and equipped with “touring” bodies. But in the
eyes of discriminating buyers these possessed disadvantages that
left them, out of consideration — for example: inadequate power
and chassis strength;, two-speed transmissions— and mostly of the
power-consuming, noisy “planetary” type. The planetary trans¬
mission may be “fool proof” as claimed — but it does not appeal
to the mechanically well informed.
FLANDERS “20” DIDN’T BELONG to that class of cars at all.
When Engineer HeaSlet undertook to design this model for the
E-M-F Company he set himself a high standard — that of creating
a chassis of medium size that should combine all those features
which heretofore had been considered obtainable only in cars
selling for four times as much as Mr. Flanders proposed to ask
for this car.
THAT HE SUCCEEDED IS HISTORY. True, Flanders “26” in its
first few months of existence had to pass through most of the
infantile troubles that every new model, no matter by whom de¬
signed, must pass through before it reaches that state of perfec¬
tion that is the designer’s ambition. Flanders ‘'26” had its
teething troubles, then the measles, mumps, and a. slight attack
of whooping cough — that last is automobile language for car¬
buretor crankiness.
PERHAPS THIS SURPRISES YOU- — this brutal frankness of ours. Tt
is the despair of our competitors. 'Ihey never can understand
why it does not injure us irreparably to tell the public what they
consider factory secrets. Confidentially, we believe this is the
secret of our success. We are dealing with intelligent people-
practical business men for the most part. Infallibility is not to
be hoped for in human beings. So it has always been our pol¬
icy to speak frankly to readers of our ads. It not only disarms
unfair competition, but has won for us a confidence on the part
of buyers that we consider our chief asset.
YES; FLANDERS . “20” HAD ITS TROUBLES in the early days""
But — and. here’s what you are mostly interested in — every Flan¬
ders “20” car sold carried with it a full year’s guarantee by a
company worth several millions of dollars. Not only that, but
the buyer knew that the men who signed that guarantee were not
in tile habit of splitting hairs — would make good not only the
letter but the spirit of that guarantee. And we did — to such an
extent that there are today 7,000 boosters of this car — satisfied
owners.
WHILE WE ARE ON THIS SUBJECT let’s go back three years.
h-M-I' “30” was then in its first year. It also had its infantile
aches and pains. This company was new then, but the men at
tlie head of it realized that permanent success depended abso¬
lutely on backing up our product in the most liberal manner.
\ve had expected small weaknesses to develop during the first
few weeks that the new model was on the roads in hands of
owners. Why? Past experience — whicii teaches us that, no
matter how severely a new model may be tested by factory ex¬
perts, defects will develop when 500 cars are in hands of owners
operating under 500 different sets of conditions — defects no one
could possibly have foreseen or provided against. That’s the
reason for a manufacturer’s guarantee — and before you buy any
new model — ours or the other fellow’s, let us warn you to look
well to the kind of guarantee that goes with it, and particularly
to the character of the men or the firm that signs it.
WHAT A MARVELOUS RECORD E-M-F “30” has made since that
— nothing like it has been known in automobile history. For
three years it has been first choice of discriminating buyers and
every car has been sold, not by a salesman, but by another owner.
And so well did we take care of those first 500 cars, any man
who now owns one of that famous first litter to which “Old
.Bullet” belonged, staunchly claims he has as good a car as we
have ever turned out since.
FLANDERS “20” REPEATED HISTORY-that’s all. And today we
are able to say of this great little car it is as good as its older
brother E-M-F “30” — and more could not be said of any auto¬
mobile.
BUT ABOUT THAT TOURING MODEL. Until recently we have
turned a deaf ear to the entreaties of dealers and individual ad-
mirers alike — those who wanted a Flanders “20” touring car. The
reasons have been set forth above. We had determined first to
give the car a full year in hands of owners with the lighter run¬
about and suburban bodies — watch the performance of every car
carefully and make improvements or refinements wherever oppor¬
tunity occurred.
SHE IS IN HER SECOND YEAR NOW — infantile diseases long since
passed and every defect however slight — whether in mechanical
construction or merely in exterior appearance — has been cor¬
rected and such improvements made as the progress of the
science of automobile making and steel treatment has made possi-
sible. Today we are able to say — and back it up with that same
guarantee— that in all the world there is nowhere else such value
to be had in a car of this type as in the Fore-Door Flanders “20.”
THE RULE WE HAVE WORKED TO in perfecting this light car
model has been “when in doubt make it like E-M-F ‘30’ ” — a
rule some of our esteemed competitors have emulated assiduously
of late, by the way. You’ll find, therefore, many points of
.similarity in the two cars — and that alone is guarantee of the
excellence of the new Flanders “20” model.
ONE FACTOR THAT HAS HELPED in this process of improvement
has been the drop in prices of materials — which we predicted in
a recent E-M-F ad. and were so roundly scored for by competi¬
tors who thought it was bad for the public to be advised of that
fact. For example aluminum is much cheaper today than two
years ago. Result, we are able to use that semi-precious metal
in the motor crank-case and transmission housing of Flanders
20 now, whereas it was absolutely out of the question then.
" e reduce the weight very considerably by using aluminum.
THE THREE-SPEED, SELECTIVE TRANSMISSION is another fea¬
ture that will appeal strongly to the experienced. For the run¬
about models the two-speeds are all right, but it’s a mistake and
a grievous one in any touring car. Not only does it interfere
with the pleasurable operation of the car — and every Flanders
“20” owner drives his own car — but it subjects motor and trans¬
mission mechanisms to undue strains when starting or climbing
hills or negotiating very bad stretches of roads. It won’t do.
WHEEL BASE IS 102 INCHES only 6 inches shorter than the larger
model. Ample room for five large adult passengers and longer
than any other car of similar class. Weight, only 1600 pounds,
and as this “20” horse-power motor actually develops about 25%
more power than its rating you have power to carry you any¬
where at as rapid a pace as you will ever care to go. And she’s
a wonderful hill climber.
LESSER IMPROVEMENTS ARE: -Detaching exhaust manifold. For¬
merly, cast integral with the cylinders this feature developed
defects similar to those from which other makes of higher
priced cars, which also adopted this foreign idea last year, are
still suffering. You don’t know which ones? Ask your dealer.
CARBURETOR HAS BEEN PERFECTED so as to give still wider
range of flexibility and with simpler adjustment — similar to E-M-
F “30.” Flanders “20” ' carburetor now gives uniform results
in mile-high Denver amt sea-level Florida.
WORM AND WORM-WHEEL STEERING has been adopted in place
of the former internal-gear device. Absolutely irevcrsiblc. Four
times longer lived — because four times as much wearing surface.
Also adjustable for wear. Equal in every way to that of
E-M-F “30.”
MAGNETO AND COIL are part of standard equipment of course —
Splitdorf, and attached same as on the larger car. Accessible.
So are several other parts that formerly were a trifle difficult"
to get at. Radiator is raised slightly so the starting crank no
longer goes through the radiator. ’ Looks better, that’s all.
Cooling properties of this car always were ideal. Rear axle has
been made heavier to support the heavier passenger load.
Double strut rods. Brakes twice as wide as before — will slide
the wheels on any surface yet won’t chatter nor jerk no matter
how severely applied. Lined with thermoid.
SEVERAL OTHER MINOR POINTS have been refined — improved is
hardly the word, for there was nothing to be desired in effi¬
ciency. Still, there was one point — valve action — where not only
refinement was possible, but about 20 per cent increase in power
was obtained.
THINK HOW MUCH WISER IT IS for a concern to adhere to stand¬
ard models and improve from year to year as we have done
with Flanders “20” and E-M-F “30” rather than to constantly
chase false gods and offer radically new models to the buying
public as fast as the seasons roll round.
IS IT ANY WONDER other concerns are trailing in the rear while
the E-M-F Company continues to set the pace and constantly in¬
creases the distance between? You know the A. L. A. M. re¬
port for the last quarter of 1910, just issued showed the E-M-F
Company to be the largest producer of automobiles in the
world. Those figures cannot be refuted. And the chief reason
is we do not run away from our troubles, but make good to
every buyer— ^and we get our share of the unreasonable ones —
and continue to improve and refine our product far in advance
of the times and the demands of buyers.
NOW ABOUT THAT FORE-DOOR MODEL -First, let us say this
jiody is not a makeshift one. designed to fit a runabout and be
interchangeable. Not at all. It is specially designed for this
chassis which, as wc have shown above, had been designed to
receive it. Ample seating capacity and just as well trimmed and
finished — just as many coats of varnish and same quality leather
and hair as that used in E-M-F “30.”
THE PRICE — $800 IS SENSATIONAL — leaves no real competition
for this car in the field. Meets exactly the needs of buyers who
just can’t quite reach E-M-F “30” — and gives them a car made
of exactly the same materials, by the same wonderful organiza¬
tion and backed by the same guarantee as E-M-F “30” — just a
size smaller, that’s all.
NOW. NOTE THIS CAREFULLY. Deliveries of this fore-door model
will not begin until on or about April 1st. And at first they will
not come very rapidly — naturally. Orders ahead for Flanders
“20” runabouts and roadsters must be taken care of. This re¬
quires a large part of the factory equipment and organization.
BESIDES, IT BECAME NOISED ABOUT— despite our efforts to keep
silent about this model until ready to deliver them in quantities
— that this Fore-Door Flanders “20” was coming out, and astute
dealers and buyers have already sent in tentative orders for
several, hundred cars — unsight and unseen and without knowing
just v/hat the price would be. Know it would be right, of
course, knowing the E-M-F Company.
SO YOU SEE YOU’LL HAVE TO TAKE YOUR TURN in the line
just as those thousands have had to do in the past who wanted
E-M-F “30” or Flanders. “20” cars. Order at once. Pay down
a deposit and have your dealer assign you a definite delivery
date. Then you will not be disappointed.
THE OBJECT OF THIS ADVERTISEMENT is not so much to sell
these cars— word of mouth information among present owners
would sell the entire output as fast as we could get them out.
But we wanted to give everybody a fair start — dealers and indi¬
vidual buyers alike. So this is the first official word about this
model and you can rest assured . there will he no favoritism —
first in line first served and with absolute impartiality as in
the past.
HERE’S ANOTHER SURPRISE We did intend to reserve it for another
ad., but it won’t be necessary. We will begin on April 1st to
deliver a new Fore-Door E-M-F “30.” Will be ready to take
care of the demand by that date we hope. Chassis unchanged
in any detail — same famous car in every particular save only the
body which we think is the neatest, nattiest, “classiest” thing of
the kind yet produced. Price will be $1,100 — watch ’em scramble 1
We have over 1800 dealers — one very near you — let us send you his name
Write us at Detroit for detailed specifications — Booklet No. 18
The E-M-F Company, Automobile Manufacturers, Detroit, Mich.
Ad •’
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 8,
VEGETABLES AND THE BOY.
It ma.v be of iuterest to the readers- of
The It. N.-Y. to know that an intimate ac¬
quaintance of mine, raised by her own work
and the help of her children, last Summer,
enough early vegetables in her garden to
pay the expenses at the normal school for
the oldest, a boy 13 years old, for the
Winter term, including lessons in music, lie
is coming home to-day to start in with the
Spring work and help to raise money for
next Winter’s schooling. His mother means
to keep him at studies as well as work, and
some play, during Spring, Summer and
Fall. His father, a city man. though per¬
suaded by his wife to buy a small farm
last Winter, keeps saying, “It don't pay,”
hut my friend means to show him it does.
She believes in getting early prices by
starting such things as will stand cold and
some frost, so she was busy digging March
14 so much of the garden as had been left
by Jack Frost, about one-eighth of an acre,
and expected to plant the next day, when
to her dismay it came a snow cloud so
dense that it left over six inches deep of
wet snow all over. My friend Maiy has
joined a few young girls who with a teacher
at the head study Latin on Tuesday even¬
ings, but she was so .worried over the
seeming failure of her plans that she could
not keep her mind on Latin, or anything
else. It was a moonlight night and when
she awoke at 2 a. in. in the night she con¬
ceived a bright idea. She dressed, found
the shove] and removed the snow the width
of the shovel, then planted one row of
beets and one of lettuce, side by side ; then
she left a foot of snow between and re¬
moved snow from the next two rows, throw¬
ing the snow on the planted rows. To-day,
the 16th, Jack Frost has taken possession
again, but Mary has her seed in and is
happy that they are ready to welcome the
warm rays of the sun, her only regret that
the piece is not larger. M. G. L.
Pennsylvania.
SOME CORN TESTING EXPERIENCE.
Last year my father raised a good crop
of corn. Pride of the North variety. It was
cut with the binder and put into the silo,
so that no accurate record of the yield
could be kept. However, one part of the
field lay just below the barn and received
the drainage from the manure pile, and
here the corn was unusually good. From
this part of the field we picked the largest,
ripest ears and tied two ears together by
the husks and hung them over a pole high
up under the eaves on the north side of the
granary, where they were sheltered from
the storm. The pole was hung by hay wire
so squirrels and mice did not disturb it.
Of course ears froze, but as they were ripe
and dry when hung up I did not think this
hurt it. We were complimented a number
of times during the Winter on our fine
string of seed corn, and 1 thought we had
pretty good seed corn. I had read con¬
siderable about testing seed corn for ger¬
mination, so I determined to test this. 1
took a tomato-plant box and filled it nearly
.full of earth. I put tacks along the edges
and stretched strings across the box to
divide it into squares 1% inches square. I
lettered it A, B, C across one end and
numbered it one, two, three down one side.
There were just 99 squares, and I planted
four kernels from one ear in each square,
beginning at one end of the pole. This was
March 10. Then I set it behind the coal
stove in the living room and watered it
well. I believe this method is original, al¬
though the principle is the same. Sawdust
would take the place of earth in the box if
it was easier to obtain. 1 expected most of
the corn to grow'. Imagine my surprise
when one week later, March 17, just three
oars out of the 99 showed four strong
sprouts. A dozen or more showed one
sprout and the rest- nothing. 1 found that
the three ears that grew were the smallest,
nearest to nubbins that there were on the
pole. They would have been discarded at
planting time had the corn not been tested.
Of course these are the only ones that will
be used for seed, and as they are not suf¬
ficient to plant six acres we shall be
obliged to buy seed corn from our neigh¬
bors, dr send to some seed house and run
the risk of getting seed corn no better than
our own. Yet we have grown good crops
of corn before from seed that was neither
tested nor hung up to dry, but put in a crib
where the snow blew on to it all Winter
long. c. C. CLEMENT.
Chautauqua Co., N. Y.
Likes the Manure Spreader.
I would like to state a few facts in
answer to Albert H. DeGraff concerning
both sides of the manure spreader. We
have 70-bushel size, and use it with from
400 to 500 loads per year. I am sorry
that Mr. DeGraff is so unfortunate with his
spreader. We have had our six years, and
have never spent one cent for repairs. Some
men never learn how to handle any kind of
a machine ; that is why they have so many
repair bills. Oiling is very important, and
should never be neglected ; it saves horse¬
flesh and the spreader does not pull so
heavily. One week’s use will pay for the
interest ; one man will do more with the
spreader than two can do by spreading with
the fork in the old-time way. Every farmer
here has a spreader, and all are giving good
results. Spreaders have their faults same
as men, none are perfect. We use three
horses, 1200 pounds ; if a field has a little
down grade always give the horses the ad¬
vantage. I am in favor of a spreader just
as much as I am of a binder, and use it
more than any other machine.
Maryland. a. e. steelt.
Planting Onion Sets.
On page 348 I). G. Ib, of Smithsburg, Md.,
inquires if it would be all right to sow
onion sets in small . furrows to avoid the
labor of sticking them, and the reply in¬
dicates that it would be all right. There
can be no question but that the bulbs will
grow all right, but to my mind the method
would defeat its object, which is to econo¬
mize labor. The onions would not come up
in close alignment and consequently could
not be worked nearly so close with the
wheel hoe, and would increase the labor of
hand weeding to such an extent as to far
outweigh the advantage gained. However,
much can be done to facilitate the work of
sticking the sets. My practice has beep to
make a rather heavy hand marker with say
five pegs to open furrows about 1% inch
deep. Then the workers are required to
carry three rows, kneeling astride of the
middle one. They are also required to hold
the immediate supply of sets in one hand,
right by the other hand with which the sets
are placed, instead of reaching to the vessel
for each individual set. The sets are sim¬
ply placed and no attempt made to cover ;
this work I have found most quickly and
satisfactorily done by running over the
rows a garden seed drill with seeding tube
removed. The covering blades followed by
the roller wheel make a fine job of it.
Probably nowhere in garden operations
does care in the beginning save work later
to such an extent as in the onion bed.
Florida. d. l. hartman.
[ CORN PLANTING IN NEW ENGLAND.
I think that the acreage of corn will be
slightly increased the coming season. Corn
will be planted mostly on regularly culti¬
vated fields. The quantity of fertilizer va¬
ries from 400 to 1,000 pounds per acre.
The variety of corn is about 75 per cent
yellow dent, the remainder flint. H. h. k.
Clinton, Conn.
The corn acreage in this part of Maine
will be largely increased this year. The
potato acreage will be cut in two, and
corn and oats will be planted instead. The
amount of a fertilizer used is about 100
pounds. The small flint variety of seed is
used, although some are using the larger
kind. W. H. O.
Lewiston, Me.
I think there is more corn being planted
in this section year after year than there
used to be years ago. This year 1 am ex¬
pecting to plant 10 acres, last year I
planted five, the year before about four. We
use some fertilizer of different kinds, also
all the stable manure, etc., we make. Last
year 1 did not use any corn fertilizer on
three acres of my corn ; got better results,
too, with barnyard manure. s. a. w.
Gales Ferry, Conn.
At the present time it is the calculations
of the farmers in this section of Vermont
to increase the acreage of corn and plant
less potatoes. The planting mostly will be
on old meadows. The regularly cultivated
fields will be sown to oats and seeded
down to clover and Timothy. They gen¬
erally use about 500 pounds of fertilizer to
the acre. The flint variety is planted
mostly, such as Longfellow. J. l. b.
Bennington Co., Vt.
Last year the acreage in corn was greatly
increased over former years, in many cases
more than 100 per cent, and I think that
increase will be maintained the coming
season, although weather conditions may
have some influence later on. Last year
results were so satisfactory that it does
not seem probable that there would be much
decrease this year. In my own case I in¬
creased my planting more than 100 per cent,
and if weather conditions are favorable
■shall maintain the increase and possibly
add to it. Planting is confined to old cul¬
tivated fields that have been in grass for
several years. These fields are broken in
the Fall and allowed to lie till Spring, then
thoroughly worked and planted with corn ;
in many cases the results are very satis¬
factory, but better results can be obtained
by planting with potatoes or sowing grain
the first season, following with corn the
next. The quantity of fertilizer varies from
400 pounds upwards according to the
amount of stable manure applied and the
general condition of the soil. As to variety
of corn, it is flint entirely, as the dent
will not mature in this section satisfactor¬
ily ; the seasons are too short. For silage
the standard varieties are used. In view of
the large increase in acreage hist season, it
does not seem as though there would be g
relative gain over last year the coming sea¬
son. but we hope to maintain it, not fall
backwards. L. b. h.
Ashburnham, Mass.,
The following note from “The Springfield
Republican” may give some of our western
readers an idea of what New England is
still doing. This report is for Franklin
Co., Mass. An acre of onions or tobacco
will represent the income from at least 25
acres of corn or wheat :
“Among those who will have a large
acreage of onions and tobacco are Fred C.
Kidder, 55 or 60 acres of onions and 28
acres of tobacco, and William L. Hubbard,
60 acres of onions and 12 of tobacco.
Charles F. Clark will have 50 acres of to¬
bacco and onions together, but has not de¬
cided what proportion of each he will put
in. Cyrus M. Hubbard will have 25 acres
of Cuban tobacco, which he will raise un¬
der cloth. He has had three acres under
cloth for several years, and this season will
put up a tent over his field on the plain
and also on leased land on the plain. While
the price has gone up on tobacco cloth,
wire is used considerably in the construc¬
tion of the frame-work in place of lumber,
which reduces the cost.”
Land In Maryland. — On page 233 was a
statement in regard to the merits of Ver¬
mont or Maryland land, saying that on the
eastern shore of Maryland land conld be
l>ought as low as $8 per acre. On page
405 I find a reply to said article, stating
that you would have to multiply the $S by
four to six. and that the writer must have
had the prices of 20 or 25 years ago. I
lived on the eastern shore of Maryland for
two years ; just came from there four years
ago, and I know what I am talking about.
I lived in Worcester County, close to the
Somerset County line. I bought 75 acres
for $650. The man I bought from had 200
more acres that he had just bought for
$1,000. As the first writer states, the
buildings are poor — and the land is too. In
Worcester, Somerset and Wicomico Coun¬
ties there are plenty of farms to be had
for from $5 to $10 per acre. The two
branches of the Pennsylvania Railroad run
through the best part of the peninsula, and
along them many villages have sprung up,
and the land is higher, but back eight or
10 miles from the railroad the land is still
cheap, unless it is covered with pine tim¬
ber; then it sells for about what the timber
is worth. Those who live near the rail¬
road do well trucking, raising strawberries,
sweet potatoes, tomatoes, etc. The great
drawback with the country is lack of grass,
but cow peas are a very good substitute,
but require more work. j. s. barnhart.
Pennsylvania.
HENDERSON’S
IMPORTED CLYDESDALE OATS
A Variety of White Oats of Extraordinary Weight, Earliness and Productiveness,
the Natural Weight of Which is 50 Pounds to the Bushel.
Since we introduced this Grand Oat it has steadily and deservedly gained
in popularity, until today it is the most popular High-Grade White Oat in
the United States.
The climate of America is unsuited to the production and maintenance
of the highest grade of oats, and unless a heavy imported (British) oat be
used for seed purposes at least every second or third year, they become light,
“chaffy,” inferior in quality and unprofitable. The ultimate financial benefit
accruing to the American farmers by the annual distribution of several thou¬
sand bushels of Henderson’s Clydesdale Oats cannot be overestimated. These
oats weigh naturally 50 lbs. per measured bushel, and they deteriorate in
weight only from three to four lbs. each year they are grown here, so that
the produce is worth for seed purposes at least double the market value of
ordinary oats.
No other oat can show such a record — 75 to 100 bushels per acre, and
double the usual quantity of straw. We offer these oats for sale at the weight
of 50 lbs. per bushel, exactly as grown for us in Britain, so that those pur¬
chasing will actually receive for every bushel over one and one-half bushels
according to the American standard, which reduces the price of “The Clydes¬
dale” to $1.47 per standard bushel of 32 lbs. Another most important advan¬
tage of Henderson’s Clydesdale Oats to the farmer is the fact that they have
been thoroughly cleaned by the latest and most improved machinery, and are
absolutely free from foreign and weed seeds. (See cut.) Price (imported),
75c. per peck; $2.50 per bushel (of 50 lbs.) Or we will supply 3 bushels (150
lbs.) the quantity to seed an acre, for $7.30; 10-bushel lots, $2.40 per bushel;
100-bushel lots, $2.30 per bushel (of 50 lbs.)
Genuine ONLY When Direct From Us
In the Ohio Farmer , Mr. J. T. Hickman of the Ohio Experiment Station,
tells how samples of Henderson’s Imported Clydesdale Oats, and Clydesdale
Oats procured from other sources, were grown together in a series of experi¬
ments and resulted greatly in favor of Henderson’s Clydesdale. The average
yield of Henderson’s Clydesdale was nine bushels per acre ahead of the others.
HENDERSON’S
AMERICAN GROWN CLYDESDALE OATS
In order to give Henderson’s. Clydesdale a still wider distribution and
make their value universally known, and to enable us to offer them at a price
within the reach of every farmer, we have had several thousand bushels
specially grown for 11s in Northern New York during the past year (from im¬
ported seed). These we have thoroughly recleaned, and are extra choice and
heavy, free from all foul seeds and light and imperfect grains. We are within
the mark when we say that these oats will yield under ordinary cultivation 70
to 80 bushels per acre, and under favorable circumstances 100 bushels pei acre
can reasonably be expected.
Price (American grown), $1.40 per bushel (32 lbs.); 10-bushels lots, $1.35
per bushel; 100-bushel lots, $1.30 per bushel.
OUR ANNUAL FARM MANUAL
A Complete Catalogue of Farm Seeds, Mailed Postpaid on Application
PETER HENDERSON & CO, 35-37 Cortlandt St, New York
'fHE RURAL NEW -YORKER
40 a
1911.
QUESTIONS ABOUT TILE DRAINAGE.
J. K., Elma Center, N. Y. — I intend to do
extensive tiling next Spring. My farm lies
on a slight elevation from north to south,
with a few depressions running from south¬
east to northwest. My soil is a black
gravelly loam, from eight to 12 inches
deep, with a very hard clay for subsoil. I
intend to use three-inch tile with four-inch
mains. How far would you advise to lay
the rows of tile? Would you advise run¬
ning them north and south or east and
west? Almost all the water has to empty
out on the northwest corner to prevent the
water from emptying on my neighbor's land.
Would the three-inch tile be sufficient for
the upper main? I intend to put two-inch
tile in a grape patch, one row of tile be¬
tween two rows of grapes. Will that be
advisable, using concrete tile?
Ans. — It is desirable to place the
mains in the depressions and run their
laterals parallel with the steepest slope
of the land. This economizes grade and
also places the drains where they will
draw an equal distance from each side.
Three-inch tile are all right for laterals
that have a grade of not less than .40
of a foot to the 100. There are a few
factors to be considered in determining
the size of the main drains for which
the inquirer gives no data, chief of
which in this case is the area of land
to be drained and the available fall.
The effect of the grade on the capacity
of a drain may be seen when we learn
that a five-inch main laid to a grade
of three inches in 100 feet will remove
the drainage water from only 25 acres of
land, whereas the same main if given a
grade of six inches to the 100 feet will
carry the drainage water from 32 acres.
These facts and figures may help the
inquirer to fit the tile to the area to
be drained. It is a matter of the great¬
est economy to make a survey of a
project before making estimates for tile
or digging any ditches; leveling is inex¬
pensive as compared with moving earth
and stone. If the soil below eight
inches or a foot is an impervious clay,
the drains should be about 35 feet apart.
In regard to the vineyard, unless the
rows of grapes are an unusual dis¬
tance apart it will be unnecessary to
have a drain between each two rows, as
two rods is considered about the mini¬
mum distance at which it is ever neces¬
sary to place drains for ordinary farm
crops, and we of the “Chautauqua belt-’
find the Concord grape doing well on
land that would require better drainage
for some of our other crops. I think
three inches small enough to be adopted
as the minimum size for tile drains.
j. f. v. s.
A “ LIVING ” ON A FARM.
The letter from “Veritas” ou page 307
shows very clearly the difficulties iu the
way of the city man who would farm. I
could tell a longer, sadder story than
his in some respects, for I was younger and
put into my farm more years of unintelli¬
gent effort and more capital. But I won't,
for It is too bad to discourage anyone
who desires the independence and happiness
we have found on the farm. If the city
man will take his .$2,000 only a little
way out of the town, just a few miles from
the railroad, he can make it go much
farther. Every cent the prospective farmer
thinks his accessibility gains for him on
produce is likely to be balanced by larger
prices for the things he must buy. We
can got so much more in our hill country
for $2,000 than he did — a hundred acres
and passable buildings thrown in, a cow
and horses, and still have enough to buy
some food for a few years — and the land
here grows clover, without liming, for hu¬
mus and nitrogen in the soil, the woods
furnish fuel and lumber, and the climate
will produce almost all that men and
animals need to eat. Any land at $10 an
acre will produce good fodder for cow and
horses the first season plowed. Even drier,
sandier soils near the big New England
towns ought to produce the feed for ani¬
mals in iess than five years.
But iu handling soil the city man is
inclined to make mistakes. Growing crops
from any soil requires knowledge that
cannot be gained from reading alone. The
problems of the small farmer have been
studied more in the years we have been
farming than ever before, and the city
man to-day has only to ask questions of
The It. N.-Y., the State experiment station
or the United States Department of Agri¬
culture to receive help that would have
saved us and “Veritas” much hard sled¬
ding. Only the other day I saw a helpful
letter from a United States expert to a
man who wants a farm in our neighborhood,
and I exclaimed, “Do you realize what it
means to be told those things? If we
had had such a letter as that in any of
our first five years, we might have been
spared a lot of trouble !” So we tell the
city folks who want to farm to ask ques¬
tions and follow the advice of exports — not
rule-of-thumb farmers — and any soil in New
York or New England will provide a living
in less than five years.
When I say “a living” I mean the where¬
withal to keep bodies and souls in good
condition. I do not mean money with
which to buy the hundred and one things
city folks think they must have. I be¬
lieve that a man beginning' to farm must
start on a small scale, trying at first to
grow only such things as the people and
animals on the place can eat. A small
garden and a little fodder for the cow
might be all the first year, or until the
land is brought up into a condition to grow
crops. But for a man unused to farming to
try to grow for market produce or stock
is to undertake a new business. To suc¬
ceed takes knowledge or capital or great
strength, or all of these. I found that by
wearing clothes until they were gone, no
hardship in a country community, and by
raising every kind of- food that Will grow
here, I can cut down expenditures to such
a small figure that I do not have to risk
revenue or energy to raise a big cash crop.
While learning to grow our own food, we
have learned to cultivate our land, and
by following the advice of those who know,
we are making that land much more pro¬
ductive than we thought possible in our
earlier years. When we are asked if others
can go on to a New England farm and live
as happy and free as we, my answer must
always be, "You can, but will you?” It all
depends upon the man and woman. If they
are young they can do anything, but if
they are older we would say, with “Veri¬
tas,” a small annuity is a safeguard if not
a necessity. Yet, if a man is older he has
learned enough of men and of books to
lie satisfied with a more isolated life on
better land. So I tell our would-be farmer
friends to put away a portion of their cap¬
ital to use for food bills until the farm
Is producing something, and take the re¬
mainder far enough from the high-priced
land to buy a home, and the small farm
will surely yield a “living” in a short time.
Orange County, Vt. back-to-tiie-land.
Trouble with Raspberries.
1. Why do strong new shoots of the
Gregg raspberry, after growing from one to
three feet, turn black at the tip, gradually
extending down to the ground when the
shoot withers and dies? 2. What will ex¬
terminate a pest of slugs, also small round
worms which eat into roots, carrots, tur¬
nips, etc.? A. A. A.
Greenfield, Mass.
1. The Gregg raspberry has long been a
popular and well-known variety, and was
long considered the best black raspberry to
plant for a market berry, but has been
dropped from the list of market varieties
by most growers because it was subject to
attacks of the anthracnose and blight of
the young canes. The complaint of A. A. A.
is a common one about the Gregg. When
growing in a s.rong rich soil or where too
much nitrogen has been used, then the
canes make a strong rapid growth which is
subject to blight, which acts much like
twig blight on the young growth of apples,
only the color is darker on the raspberry
canes, it being black, and gradually works
downward, sometimes killing the canes to
the ground. On thin or poor soil with less
nitrogen and more potash and phosphoric
acid, this blight is not so prevalent, but
the Gregg is not a profitable variety to
grow on poor soils. The Cumberland is
a large berry, and gives general satisfac¬
tion where the Gregg does not. Avoid
nitrogenous manures — use phosphoric acid
and potash, getting the phosphorus from
the acid rock, and cultivate just enough
to bring out the fruit crop the coming
year, if you want to keep your Gregg, and
with less growth the blight will decrease.
2. If by slugs is meant the soft slug-like
rose or pear slug, then very dry dust, air-
slaked lime or tobacco dust thrown on them
by hand or blown through a bellows — any
way to come directly in contact with them
—will kill such leaf-eating slugs. They are
as a rule on the under part of the leaves-
and care must be taken to get the dust
application to come in contact with and if
possible cover them. It may be possible
that wireworms eat the carrots and tur¬
nips. as A. A. A. describes them as being
a small round worm and if so there is no
cure for them, except plowing the ground
late in the Fall or early Winter, but I
have never found much benefit from such
treatment, or any other, for the wire-
worm. Insect pests that work under the
ground are hard to control, and nature
seems to have dealt with them as with
other things, by abating or destroying
them after they have run a certain course.
A clean cultivation is the best preventive.
E. S. BLACK.
When you write advertisers mention Tiie
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
A GOOD
FOUNDATION
Is as necessary in a coat as in a build¬
ing. No matter how well your coat
fits when new, it will soon wrinkle and *
sag unless the inner construction is
right.
_ The illustration shows the founda¬
tion on which Woodhull, Goodale &
Bull Coats are made. It is guaranteed
to give them PERFECT and PERMA¬
NENT FIT. There are a lot of other
reasons why our clothes fit and wear
well. Better investigate before you
buy your next suit or overcoat.
Send for our FREE Style Book.
Manufacturers of all
kinds of fruit baskets
and crates. Write for
Catalogue and Price
List.
WEBSTER BASKET COMPANY,
Box 431. Webster. Monroe Co.. N. Y.
Tires 10 % Oversize
25% More Mileage — No Extra Cost
If you buy tires for an automobile, let us explain how to cut the
cost half — as tens of thousands are doing.
The tires which we tell of — Good¬
year No-Rim-Cut tires — are now the
sensation of motordom.
Last year our tire sales trebled —
jumped to $8,500,000 — because we
controlled these tires.
This year 64 leading motor car
makers have contracted for them.
They outsell our clincher tires six
to one.
And these are the reasons:
No Overloading
About 25 per cent of the average
tire cost is due to overloading.
The tire size is adapted to the car
when stripped. But when you add
extras— -top, glass front, gas tank,
extra tire, etc.— the tires have too
much weight. And you overload
them otherwise frequently.
The result is a blowout.
Goodyear No -Rim -Cut tires, to
take care of these extras, are made
10 per cent oversize. The rim flanges
flare outward when you use this tire,
so this extra size is possible.
Wo supply this extra size at no
extra cost. That means 10 per cent
more air, and air carries the load. It
means 10 per cent greater
carrying capacity. It means,
with the average car, 25 per
cent additional mileage per
tire.
You get the same result as
though you paid for a 10 per
cent larger tire.
No Rim-Cutting
Then these patented tires
end the damage of rim-cutting.
Other tires are ruined when you run
them flat. Rim-cutting, on the average,
adds one-fourth to one's tire bills.
Note the picture below.
The No-Rim-Cut Tire
This tire is fitted on a Universal rim—
the standard rim now adopted by nearly
r.ll motor car makers. But tlio tire fits
any rim.
The removable rim flanges are simply
set to turn outward, instead of inward,
as with the old-type tires.
The tire, when deflated, comes against
a rounded edge. You can see why rim-
cutting never occurs.
Ordinary Clincher Tire
With ordinary tires these removable
rim flanges are set to curve inward, to
grasp hold of the hooks in the tire.
That’s how the tire is held on.
Note how those thin edges dig into
the tire. That is what ruins a tire-
in a moment — when puncture makes
it flat.
How We Avoid It
In the base of our tire we vulcanize
126 braided wires. That makes the
tire base unstretchable. It can’t be
stretched over the rim flange— can’t
be forced off— until you remove the
flange.
When this tire is inflated the
braided wires contract. The tire is
then held to the rim bya pressure of
134 pounds to the inch.
That’s why the hooks are unnecessary.
That’s why the rim flanges don't need to
dig into the tire.
This feature Is controlled by our pat¬
ents. And there is no other feature ever
invented which makes a practical tire of
this sort.
Tire Book Free
Goodyear
We have sold enough of these
tires to equip over 100,000 cars.
The demand has become over¬
whelming. You should know
the reasons if you own a car.
They are told and pictured in
our Tire book in a clear, convinc¬
ing way. Let us mail it to you.
Write us a postal for it. :i
You will insist on tires which
cut upkeep cost half when you
know the facts ahout them.
THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, 59th Street, Akron, Ohio
Branches and Agencies in All the Principal Cities We Make All Sorts of Rubber Tires
(300)
46-5:
THE RURAL* NEW-YORKER
April 8,
LIME-SULPHUR AND LEAD ARSENATE.
My experience in spraying peJich trees
with lime and sulphur, when in foliage,
is limited ; in fact, so much so, as to be
of little value. The past season is the
first I have used it as a substitute for
Bordeaux in general spraying. Sweet
and sour cherries sprayed with a
standard concentrate diluted one to 50
aivd three pounds of arsenate of lead
added showed no injury whatever. This
spraying was for curculio. At the same
time I experimentally sprayed a few
peach trees with the same strength, and
saw no injury. I would hesitate about
using concentrated lime and sulphur
solution largely on peaches in foliage un¬
less it was diluted pretty well. I think
I would make it one to 100 until I was
satisfied I could use it stronger. We
all realize that peach foliage is tender —
some varieties more than others. I
should not look for any injury from
arsenate of lead if applied in reasonable
amount, say three pounds to 50 gallons
of mixture. I have used arsenate of
lead for a number of years, and I have
yet to see any injury to tree or foliage
from its use. I have experimentally
used six pounds to 50 gallons of
Bordeaux on the pear without trace of
injury. j. r. Cornell.
Orange County, N. Y.
Spray Mixture On Hog Pasture.
E. A. B., Berrien Springs, Mich. — I have
an old apple orchard which has been used
for perhaps 30 years as a hog pasture, and
that has produced almost invariably very
fine apples. Now it is becoming infested
with scale, and I am dishorning it, and will
spray it with lime-sulphur and later, after
bloom falls, with same diluted and contain¬
ing arsenate of lead. Will the amount of
poison on weeds, grass, etc., be sufficient
to injure hogs?
Ans. — No. There will not be likely
to be any trouble with the hogs. To be
on the safe side keep the hogs out for a
few days after spraying, or until after a
rain.
THE POTATO MARKET AND “QUALITY.”
On page 373 in the market report we
read “Potatoes are still lower, the market
being crowded with large quantities of poor
stock." Again on page 379 is an article
under the heading, “Potatoes too Large.”
I firmly believe that herein lies the trouble,
to a great extent w'ith the potato market,
overgrown stock and poor quality. The de¬
mand for potatoes has been somewhat akin
to the demand for milk, something cheap
regardless of quality, and in order to meet
this demand potato growers have had to
resort to the heavy yielding varieties re¬
gardless of quality, and now the “ultimate
consumer” is like the boy who had eaten
a dozen pancakes, and when he was asked
to have more replied that he did not want
what he had already. It seems to be im¬
possible to get a potato that will yield
enough to make a profitable crop and at
the same time be of good quality. The
great majority of our potatoes as grown
to-day are not fit to eat. Years ago, when
we had the Burbank, Snowflake, Rose and
others of the same quality, people would
eat of them cooked in any manner, but
to-day with the overgrown, coarse, soggy
stuff a man has to have a pretty good
appetite to get them down, no matter how
cooked. The market demands a round po¬
tato ; it also demands a red apple, and no
question is asked regarding the quality. A
Baldwin or a Ben Davis will sell better
than others of far better quality, but
lighter in color. For the best interests of
the producer as well as the consumer a
campaign of education should be inaugu¬
rated, the same as is now being done with
the milk question. The “ultimate con¬
sumer,” the protege of President Taft, must
be taught that he cannot get something for
nothing, and with potatoes as with milk, if
they want better quality they must pay the
producer so that he can afford to produce
it. It is a good deal easier to grow potatoes
that mil not be too large than it is to grow
them always of the best quality. There
are three things that affect the size of the
potatoes, in the order of importance;
amount of seed planted, distance apart in
the row and fertility, the different varieties
of potatoes show a wide variation in this
respect; some will not produce any little
ones and some produce nothing else. The
worst kind in this respect with us is the
Irish Daisy. No amount of fertility or
care in planting that we could give would
induce this kind to grow even as large as
a good-sized hen’s egg. It will set from
20 up to 100 in a hill, and if they could
be made to grow to a decent size a record-
breaking crop could be grown. The Mag¬
num Bonum, a kind we grew years ago, I
believe goes to the other extreme, often
weighing from 2% to 3 pounds, and no
little ones. If your reader who is troubled
with large potatoes will plant them closer
or plant more seed to the acre, or both,
he will not be troubled with so many large
ones, but he should remember that the
closer he plants and the more seed he uses
the more fertilizer he must use.
c. I. HUNT.
R. N.-Y. — Some of our customers demand
a long, narrow potato. They claim the
round, thick ones are more likely to prove
hollow hearted. The big restaurants ac¬
tually ask for “soggy” potatoes, as part of
their trade, since these make the best
“French fried.” Where potatoes are sold
at wholesale, as most large crops are, how
does Mr. Hunt figure that the grower is
paid for high quality?
BEN DAVIS POINTS A MORAL.
The following is Walt Mason’s opinion of
the Ben Davis apple, which I thought pos¬
sibly some of your Ben Davis admirers
might find interesting :
“The Ben Davis apple is lovely in hue,
it seems to invite you to step up and chew.
It's pretty and shapely, its profile is fine —
but I do not long for Ben Davis in mine.
To eat a Ben Davis is wasting your time ;
it tastes like a mattress and drives you to
crime. I ate a Ben Davis when I was
quite young, and now I recall it whenever
I'm stung. It taught me a lesson, a lesson
I prize, it sharpened my wolf-teeth and
opened my eyes. And now when a faker
comes up to my door, to sell me some stock
in a mine full of ore, I think of Ben Davis,
and say to him ‘Nix,’ and tell him to van¬
ish and pelt him with bricks. And when I
encounter an oily-tongued jay, too sweet
and too gracious for man made of clay,
professing affection approaching to love, I
think of Ben Davis, and give him a shove.
1 read in the magazine pages of men who'd
make us all wealthy, again aud again ;
they're brokers or dealers in moonshine and
mist — just send them two bucks and they’ll
mail you a list! Their glittering spiels don't
appeal to my wits ; I think of Ben Davis,
and throw a few fits.”
Philadelphia, Fa. D. w. b.
Corn in Checks or Hills.
Does check corn make better yields than
unchecked, both worked the same number
of times? J. p. n.
Gordonsville, Va.
We get a large yield when the corn is
in checks or hills about three stalks to the
hill. This means about the same number
of stalks to the acre as when drilled and
the cross working helps.
Birds Eat Chestnut Bloom.
I have a few Paragon chestnut trees in
my yard bearing, but got no nuts the last
two years. Robin Redbreast and the oriole
eat the leaves and blossoms. The law is
against killing them. I like their music,
but like the nuts, too. b. w. s.
Campbellstown, Pa.
It is true that “music hath charms,” but
it does not take the place of nuts and
fruit. The only thing you can do in such
a case is to cover the trees with netting
such as is used by fishermen in salt water.
Cinders and Fence Wire.
Will coal cinders spread along or be¬
side galvanized wire fencing in making
paths and drives cause the fence to rust
and rot? Several different persons have
told me that galvanized fencing will rot in
four or five years when cinders are placed
near it. I have seen the fences in ques¬
tion and they are badly rusted. I should
like to have the opinion of some authority
on the subject. J. c. G.
West Lafayette, Ind.
We doubt if the cinders wall make any
difference, but we would like experience
from anyone who has seen them used.
DIBBLE’S SEED CORN
Hardy Northern Grown Pedigree Stock of High
Germination , Testing From 94% to 98%
Dibble's Mammoth Yellow Flint— Earliest
and best large Flint corn grown.
Dibble's Early Yellow Dent— Earliest large
growing yellow Dent for ensilage where seasons are
short.
Dibble's Improved Learning— Two weeks
earlier than standard Learning. The ideal ensilage
corn for the Middle and Eastern States.
Samples and Catalog Free. Plenty of
SEED POTATOES AND OATS
still on hand. Ask for the last Special Price List. Address :
C niDRIC SEEOGROWER
I i LEI DDlL Box B Honeoye Falls , N. Y,
ALFALFA
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
’pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which we invito you to get Government tests.
This seed should produce hay at *60 per acre
annually. Free instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of strongest vitality. We
handle export grade only and can iurnish grass mix¬
ture suitable for any soils.
MFI II ATIIO best soil restorer
I I BJ ^ known, an excellent
*'* • “ ■ *" ■ w preparation for Al¬
falfa. We havo purchased large stocks of choice
Beed at so reasonable a price that we can retail at
ordinary wholesalers’ prices. Write for free catalog,
THE WING SEED COMPANY
BOX 733 MECHANICSBURG, OHIO.
lO OOO kernels of
IUjVUU Selected
FERTILE SEEDS for IOC
1 OOO Celery
I OO Parsley
t BOO Rutabaga
1 OOO Carrot
t OO Melon
1200 Brilliant Flower Seeds, 50 sorts
Any one of these packages is worth
t -.e price we ask for the whole
10,000 kernels to start with. It is
i merely our way of letting you test
* our seed — proving to you how
mighty good they are.
Send 16 cents in stamps to-day and
we will send you this great collection of seeds by
return mail. We’ll also mail you absolutely free
our great catalog for 1911 — all postpaid.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO.,
I 1 44 South 8th Street, LaCrosso, WIs.
ONION SEED
Black-Eyed Peas, $11.00 bushel.
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND
50,000 ASPARAGUS PLANTS
Grown from seed saved from most profitable field
in Middle Delaware. Owing to press of other work
cannot use them. Offer for sale at $2.00 per M .
S. H. DliKIJY & CO. . . Woodside, Del.
STRAWBERRY AND Leading varieties. Catalog free.
RASPBERRY PLANTS BERT BAKER, Iloosiek Fulls, X. Y.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1.50 & $1.75 per 1000. IUus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIItDIN, Har.ly, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS for Business. Fancy
Berries. That’s what talks. Leading varieties.
Catalogue free. D. M. TEETER, Belleville, Ohio.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for new Ulus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID ROD WAY, Hartly, Del.
^tlflU/hOTrU Plante °* tlie Best Varieties.
OlldnUClIy ridlllo Descriptive Catalogue
Free. BASIL PERU Y, D. 18, Cool Spring, Del.
FflR Q A I F — 50.000 Strawberry, 20,000 Lneretia
I Uil OHLL Dew-berry, 20,000 Grapevines. Send
for price list. JOHN CASAZZA, Vineland, N, J.
of the Highest
G ermina tion
Yellow Danvers, Yellow Globe Danvers, Australian
Brown, Southport Yeliofr Glol>e, $1.00 lb. Large Bed
Wethersfield, l'rizetaker. $1.10 11). Postpaid.
ONION SETS. — Fancy Yellow Danvers, Eastern Grown,
$2.00 bushel. . , . „ _
Write for Catalog aud Free trial pkt. of New Enk-
buizen Glory Cabbagy.
J. AUG. DRAKE, Seedsman
100 Main Street, - - Chester, N. J.
reen nATC Sensation yielded 96 L bus. per
OttU OHIO acre on 25 acres. Best oats in cul¬
tivation. Largest grain, stiffest straw, and almost
as heavy as wheat. Try tiiem this season and double
your yield. It will be the best investment you ever
made. Sample and catalogue free.
THKO. BURT & SONS . . Melrose, Ohio
COD Cfll c— Cow Peas, $2.50 to $11.00 lmsliel;
lUn unLL Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel:
Milford, I>el.
CHOICE COW PEAS
Hand threshed; anv variety, any quantity. Cor
respondence solicited. SUDLER BROS,, Bridgeville, Del.
DMiflM QCCn — Home grown YellowGlobe, $1.25 lb.
Uliluli OClU postpaid; 5 lbs. by express, $5.50.
J. B. QUIRK, North Madison, Ohio.
Read Our Special Garden Offer.
300 Strawberry Plants— early, midseason, late— for . 90c
50 Plum Farmer Black Raspberry for . 35c
50 Snyder Blackberry Plants . 35c
50 Cuthbert Red Raspberry Bushes . . . 35c
5 Hardy Grapevines . 30c
5 Gooseberry Bushes . 50c
5 Currant Bushes . 50c
To all who send us this adv. and $3.00 wo will
send the entire above list.
We are extensive plant growers. Send listof your
wants and we will quote you lowest price on honest
goods. Catalog free,
A. G. BLOUNT . . Dept. A, Hastings, N. Y.
STRAWBERRIES
Plan to have plenty in your own garden. 100 plants
in three best varieties, $1.00, postpaid.
Geo. R. Schauber, Box R, Ballston Lake, N. Y.
lY/fELOXS, Lima Beans, Sweet Corn and Squashes
3 to 4 weeks earlier if started in Paper Rots.
Recommended by Hope Farm man and Cornell Uni¬
versity. Shipped flat: low rates; 3-in., $1 .25 per 1000.
4-in., $1.75 per 1000. P.B. CROSBY & SON, Catonsville.Md.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS.
Seven of the very best varieties out of a hundred;
they have stood the test, we have them pure and
our prices are right.
Also, have a few more of our selected New Stone
Tomato Seed at $1.00 per lb., as long as the.\ last.
Don’t forget to get our 1911 Catalogue of all kinds
of vegetable plants in tliqir season. Wo have a
fine lot of Asparagus Roots to offer this spring —
the finest we have ever had.
ROMANCE SEED, PLANT AND TRUCK FARM,
Caleb Bogus S Son, Cheswold, Delaware.
For
Cuthbert Raspberry, Eldorado Blackberry,
Wineberry, Barrs Mammoth, and Giant
Argenteuil Asparagus, Privet, etc.
Prices and plants will satisfy.
II. II. CORSON & SON, Avondale, Pa.
QuippE Pntatn Plant? only $2.00 per 1000, Special
owed ruiaiu rldlllb prices on 5000 lots. Price
list free. W. S. FORD & SON, Hartly, Del.
HIGH GRADE STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Write for list and prices.
J. T5KTSCHKK . . . Canal Dover, Oliio.
SEED CORN — Reid’s Yellow Dent, Imp. Learning,
Golden Surprise, American Pride, Wrote Cap and
seed oats. Catalog free. THEO-BURT & SONS, Melrose, Ohio
NEW ENGLAND CORN GROWERS l
The Coe-Mortimer Grand Prize of $500
FOR THE MOST PROFITABLE ACRE OF
FIELD CORN IS OPEN TO ALL OF YOU
It makes no difference whose fertilizer you use, or how much per acre.
The Plan of Competition is given in The Rural New-Yorker for March 4th. Read it and get
read)r to compete. The Details of the Competition will be managed by The Massachusetts Corn Show
of which Prof. Win. D. Hurd, Amherst, Mass., is secretary.
Copy of plan and our handsome Memorandum Booklet sent free on request. (Competition will
close on or before November 1st, 1911.)
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers of the Celebrated
E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS
& PERUVIAN BRANDS
24-26 Stone Street
New York City
1911
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
466
Rape for Summer Silage.
IT. IF., New York. — Will Mr. Rogers state
how much rape he sows with oats and peas
for Summer silage?
Ans.— We have varied the amount
with conditions. We raised mostly our
own seed, had lots of it and use it
freely on poor land, five or six pounds
is an abundance, but on very rich land
one pound is often enough. The thinner
it is sown the larger the plants to a
certain extent. Single plants weigh sev¬
eral pounds, in fact we have weighed
some that went over 12 pounds each. It
may not be generally known that rape
seed is easily grown, also that if plants
are prevented from going to seed the
second year they make a very rank
growth again that year. i. c. Rogers.
Trouble with Cement Cistern.
J. F. F., Norwalk, O. — I have been hav¬
ing a great deal of trouble with a cistern.
The water comes in on the sides and causes
the cement to fall off. Is there any w'ay
the cement can made to stick?
Ans. — If the cement comes off at the
same place each time the fault should lie
at those particular points, but jf the
breaks occur at different places each time
the indications are that the whole of
it is poor and will have to be rebuilt
with first-class material. Try cleaning
the surface of all locations where the
cement came off, then rough it up a
little with an old horse rasp or some
such instrument, and I think the cement
will stay all right. If you could get
some cement on the outside that would
be better yet. w. a. b.
“Trap Crops” for the Flea Beetle.
Reader (No Address). — On page 434 F.
A. S. speaks of killing the flea-beetle ou po¬
tato vines. lias he ever tried “trapping”
them by planting crops which these beetles
are specially fond of? They leave almost
everything to feed on the old garden huckle¬
berry, and I am told the AVonderberry is
about equally attractive to them. This
plan of trapping is often recommended.
Ans. — The use of trap crops for in¬
sects depends for its success on the se¬
lection of a plant that is more attractive
to the insect than the crop to be pro¬
tected. My observations thus far have
been that the flea-beetle will leave all
weeds and other plants for the potato
and tomato. Furthermore, that they
prefer the light cultivated soils, hence
the trap crop would have to be grown
on the sandy spots and cultivated. I
have never grown the Wondcrberry, nor
observed it at the season when the flea-,
beetles were feeding. Let us hope it
may be a blessing in disguise and that
some one will test it. I have never
tested any particular plant as a trap crop
for the flea-beetle ; but am willing to do
so, provided anyone can suggest a good
plant, but such suggestions should be
made from pretty accurate observations,
as tests cost time and money.
Long Island. F. a. s.
Homemade Lime and Sulphur.
It'. A. B., Interlaken , N. Y. — Will John
Q. Wells, page 260, inform your readers
bow he makes his concentrated lime-sulphur
test 31% to 35 11., while tin? best the ex¬
periment stations can make tests from 26 to
30 B.?
I refer to the Geneva Experiment
Station bulletin No. 330, in which are
the formulas used by 17 different home
makers of lime and sulphur concen¬
trate, and seven of the 17 exceeded 30
degrees B., which W. A. B. gives as the
limit. I put 10 gallons of water in the
kettle, and when it is warm I add the
55 pounds of lime of a guaranteed pur¬
ity of 98 per cent, and when this has
become quite hot, which will be very
soon, on account of slaking, I add the
120 pounds of sulphur and commence
to stir vigorously, adding more water to
keep the mass in a liquid condition, con¬
tinually stirring until the lime and sul¬
phur have become well mixed. T then
add water to about 40 gallons, and boil
until it has passed the foaming stage,
and then add the rest of the water (pre¬
ferably hot), and boil until the sulphur
disappears, which will take about 30 to
40 minutes more. A little more hot
water can be added from time to time
to keep the volume up to the 50-gallon
mark. John q. wells.
Ontario Co., N. Y.
Applying Fertilizer to Orchard.
M. II. W., Spring City, Pa. — I wish to
put 600 pounds of acid phosphate and 200
pounds of muriate of potash per acre ou
our orchard. Do you think that enough
for a five-year orchard of apple and peach?
What per cent of potash and phosphoric
acid would this be, and how would you
determine the percentage?
Ans. — The way we would figure this
is as follows :
Phos.
acid. Potash.
600 lbs. acid phosphate . 84
200 lbs. muriate . 100
800 84 .100
Thus in 800 pounds of the mixture
you will have 84 pounds phosphoric
acid and 100 pounds of potash. As 84
is something over one-tenth of the whole
and 100 is one-eighth, you have over
10 per cent of phosphoric acid and 12*4
per cent of potash. This will give
enough of these elements for the peach
orchard, but it will need nitrogen in
addition. This must be provided in some
form, or the orchard will not do well.
Short Rotation with Vetch.
A. B., GloversviUe, N. I'. — I have about
five acres on my farm in Albany Co., N. A'.,
that I plant each year, the remainder be¬
ing always in hay and oats. The five acres
I divide into two equal parts, viz., 2%
acres in corn and potatoes and the other
2% acres in Spring vetch sown as early in
the Spring as possible, 100 pounds of seed
and 1.730 pounds of a 3-8-6 fertilizer ou
the 2% acres. The vetch will be cut for
green fodder for the cows and poultry dur¬
ing August and September, and in latter
part of October will be plowed and the
next year planted to corn and potatoes,
with same amount of fertilizer, and the
other 2% acres sown with vetch, and so ou
from year to year alternating. Soil is clay.
I shall use 2% tons annually of ground
stone lime on the five acres, spread in
Spring on the furrows before harrowing.
I shall start this rotation this Spring.
What do you think of it?
Ans. — You will do better to use Win¬
ter vetch in the corn at least. The po¬
tatoes may not be out in time to sow
Winter vetch early enough, but we
should prefer this to the Spring variety
where it can be grown. If you are done
cutting the vetch in September why not
sow rye in the Fall ? This would give
you more organic matter to plow under,
and hold the soil during the Winter.
You do not need to use lime every time
the soil is plowed. We should think
this is a waste of lime, and would not
use it on the potato land anyway. Nei¬
ther corn nor potatoes are the best crops
for liming. It would be better to use
the lime, if at all, when seeding to the
vetch. The plan is a good one and
might well be imitated by farmers with
larger acreage. By keeping half their
cultivated ground in vetch or clover as
you intend doing they could grow larger
crops in the other half and with less
labor.
AVhen you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
COFFEE HEART
Very Plalu in Some People.
A great many people go on suffering
from annoying ailments for a long time
before they can get their own consent to
give up the indulgence from which their
trouble arises.
A gentleman in Brooklyn describes his
experience, as follows :
“I became satisfied some months ago
that I owed the palpitation of the heart
from which I suffered almost daily, to
the use of coffee, (I had been a coffee
drinker for 30 years) but I found it
very hard to give up the beverage.
“One day I ran across a very sensible
and straightforward presentation of the
claims of Postum, and was so impressed
thereby that I concluded to give it a trial.
“My experience with it was unsatisfac¬
tory till I learned how it ought to be
prepared — by thorough boiling for not
less than 15 or 20 minutes. After I
learned that lesson there was no trouble.
' “Postum proved to be a most pala¬
table and satisfactory hot beverage, and
I have used it ever since.
“The effect on my health has been
most salutary. The heart palpitation
from which I used to suffer so much, par¬
ticularly after breakfast, has disappeared
and I never have a return of it except
when I dine or lunch away from home
and drink the old kind of coffee because
Postum is not served. I find that Postum
cheers and invigorates while it produces
no harmful stimulation.” Name given
by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich.
Ten days’ trial proves an eye opener to
many.
Read the little book, “The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter ? A new one
appears from time to time. They are genu¬
ine, true, and full of human interest.
Reo
New York to San Francisco
10 days 15 hours 13 minutes
steady going every day and not a wrench touched to the Reo
engine.
That’s your anstver to every question you can ask about the Reo.
The Reo must have speed and poAver, to keep going like that
over the bad roads and hard climbs found in the Great American
Desert and Rocky Mountains.
The Reo must have strength, to stand the constant and
tough strain. v
The Reo must be reliable. A car that stands a test like that,
and then breaks the record from NeAV York to Los Angeles, and
then the hill-climbing record up Mt Hamilton, and then the
record from Topeka to Kansas City, and still is in
perfect condition — that is perfect proof of relia¬
bility.
Comfort ? Prove it yourself. Get the nearest
Reo dealer to take you for a ride.
Send for catalogue and “ Reo and the Farmer ”. Plain facts.
R M Owen & Co Lansing Mich G Agent ‘lorcs Reo Motor Car Co
ORCHARD CULTIVATOR
THE FORKNER LIGHT OR/XFT HARROW
is the only perfect light running wheel cultivator
ever offered for orchard work. Each section is
so easily manipulated with levers that a small
boy can operate it and cultivate perfectly 30 aci-es
per day with one team of medium weight. AVith
this harrow one team can easily do the work of
two teams with ordinary harrows. Works well
in stumpy or stony land and does not clog with
loose grass, roots, etc. Its extension of 11 ft.,
UL ft. each side of the team, onables perfect dust
mulching near the tree trunks without disturb¬
ing the branches or fruit, and eliminates the use
of the hoe. One machine will work 100 acres of
orchard and keep it in garden tilth. These ma¬
chines are labor savers and will reduce your
cultivating expenses one-half, even if yon liave
but five or ten acres of orchard. Full particu¬
lars on request. Address
LIGHT DRAFT HARROW COMPANY, Marshalltown, Iowa
AM KEJBA RDENtNG EASY
It's n pleasuro to mako ga^
den the IKON AUK WAY-^
no hack breaking and grubbing with ’
an old-fashioned hoe if yoa have oar
No. 19C WheelOultivator and Plow. InY
five minutes you can do work that would
require on hour the old way— that isn’t all.l
you do better work and insure bigger crops.
Cost $3.25. Has four attachments.
OONASE
Garden;
Tools
inclnds a complete lino ofWhcol Hoes. I
Hand Drills. Fertiliser Distributors, etc. I
Prices, *'2.50 to $12.00. A boy or girl can r
operate them. Write to day for our 75thJ
Anniversary Catalogue allowing also
potato machinery, orchard and
other tools.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
Box 1024
(vGrenlocbj N, ,
AGENTS
NEW PATENTED
Harness, Buggy Tops,
Bags, Anything. Sells at sight. Astonishing low
agents. Big profits. To show it means a sale. Wo want a few
good, live hustlors in each county. Splondid opportunity to
make big money. No experience needed. Write quick —
now — for terms. A postal will do. Send no money.
A. MATHEWS, 6065 Wayno Stroot, DAYTON, OHIO
Use a HERCULES
All-Steel Triple-Power
Stump Puller on
30 Days’ Free Trial
Clear up your stumpy fields at our risk now
with a famous Hercules on30 days’ Free Trial.
Test it on your place at our risk. Pulls stumps
out, roots and all. 400& stronger than any
other puller made. Triple power attachment
means one-third greater pull. The only stump
puller guaranteed for 3 years. Only one with
Double Safety Ratchets. Only one with all
bearings and working parts turned, finished
and machined, reducing friction, increasing
power, making » it extremely light-running.
A Hitch on to any stump
400% =L, and the
More
Power
Stump is Bound
to Come
Also pulls largest-
sized green trees,
hedgerows,
etc. Don’t risk
dangerous
and costly
dynamite. It
only shatters
stump and leaves
roots in ground.
Savo big money
by getting our
UrNf-v V’Q and free trial oiler. Also
special proposition to
first buyers whore wo have uo agents. Write us a
postal card today. Address
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO.
130 17th Street, Centerville, Ipwa
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U.S. PATENT OFFICE.
K
rtOSBA I? 0
V nONTV
Boiir* «’
AS Hr *
S/yNECT\Sr^
. . . SOLELY MANUFACTURED BY . . .
*rhe Rogers & Hubbard Co.
Middletown, Conn.,
Send for Free Almanac telling all about
the Hubbard “Bone Base” Fertilizers.
HUBBARD’S
B2SE FERTILIZER
ALMANAC
1911
Now ready for distribution.
Mailed free to any address.
•aeo
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 8.
A QUESTION ABOUT SPRAYING.
IF. A. B., Interlaken, N. Y. — 1. How
strong should we make the lime sulphur
spray to control the currant leaf-blight, and
when should it be applied? 2. About what
strength should plums be sprayed (lime
sulphur), to control leaf-spot and brown
rot? 3. The professor says the spores of
the peach leaf-curl winter on the buds,
while the spores from the apple-scab fungus
winter on the old leaves. Why is this ?
Ans. — L We have made no definite
experiments on this point. One of our
men, Mr. Stewart, who is investigating
the disease of nursery stock, sprayed
currants last year with lime-sulphur
(testing 30 degrees Beaume) at the rate
of 1-30. There was no injury. As to
whether this will control the leaf-blight
is another question. The experiments
have not progressed far enough to say
whether it will or not. 2. Mr. Stewart
has also used lime-sulphur on plums in
the nursery row at the rate of 1-30 with
no particular injury to the foliage. In
this case, as above, the experiments have
not progressed enough to come to any
conclusions as to the efficiency of lime-
sulphur for leaf-spot of the plum. We
have never tried it on older trees for the
rot. 3. The brief answer to this is:
That two entirely different fungi are
concerned in the production of these dis¬
eases. The difference as to where they
winter is the difference in the habits of
the two fungi. Potatoes are wintered in
the cellar. The tubers of the artichoke
winter in the soil. They are quite differ¬
ent plants. Just so with the peach leaf-
curl fungus and the apple-scab fungus.
An explanation of the exact why in each
case would involve a long technical dis¬
cussion of the life, habits and nature of
the two fungi which would be too
lengthy and out of place here. Briefly,
then, the peach leaf-curl winters on the
bud scales of the peach, and the apple-
scab fungus on the old leaves on the
ground, because of the difference in the
nature of the two fungi.
* H. H. WHETZEL.
Ailing Ducks.
Will you please tell us what we can
do for our ducks? They are the large
white ones. We had five, but have lost
two, one lately and one about a month
ago. They have black spots on their bills,
are slightly lame and lie around a day or
two before they die. They have quite a
good-sized shed, with a small yard in front.
We do not let them into the yard when it
is very cold or stormy. They have straw
and coal ashes in the shed all of the time.
We feed them soft feed nearly every morn¬
ing, corn or wheat at night, and sometimes
they have cabbage and clover leaves. We
take fresh water to them twice a day.
New York. a. w.
From the description given I am un¬
able to form a positive opinion as to the
cause and nature of the disease affecting !
your ducks, but your method of feed¬
ing is no doubt responsible for your
trouble. Ducks, as a rule, should be
fed on soft food with very little if any
whole feed. Sometimes breeding ducks
are fed about a pailful of whole corn
to 400 ducks, scattered in shallow water
or over a large part of the yard to in¬
duce exercise. With the soft feed, corn-
meal, bran, middlings, etc., should be
mixed boiled vegetables and clover or
Alfalfa cut and steamed. Grit and char¬
coal should be fed occasionally. Be very
particular to give the drinking water in
pans or tubs which are deep enough for
the ducks to submerge their heads, as
with shallow dishes the eyes and nose
become gummed up and eventually
cause death. c. S. G.
Was Soil or Fertilizer at Fault?
I read where A. M. D. drilled his wheat
both ways, and ask other experience. In
the Fall of 1909 I drilled wheat both ways,
one bushel each way, and had a fine look¬
ing field of wheat. When I cut it it yielded
30 bushels to the acre, and a great quan¬
tity of straw, I do not know how much, as
It was not haled. We also drilled the
wheat both ways this Fall of 1910. One
bushel each way is plenty. I am afraid
A. M. D. has too much wheat per acre.
Cochranville, Pa. p. e. c.
WILL A SILO PAY?
I rent a farm for six years, and the
place is pretty well run down. I am keep¬
ing eight cows and one horse on the soiling
system in the Summer, but I had to buy
almost 8200 worth of hay to keep them
this Winter, and by keeping good grade
cows and getting a good price for milk I
am able to make something besides a living.
Next Winter I would like to keep 12 cows.
Would it pay me to put up a silo for five
seasons more, or would it be better to plant
corn and husk it, and cut the stalks and
steam them? I grew some mangels last
Summer, but they did not grow as they
ought to. I think the land needs lining. I
shall try to raise some again this Spring.
The corn grows all right; I had a very
good crop last year. Some farmers claim
that their cows give as much milk on dry
fodder as they do on silage, but I don’t be¬
lieve them. P. J. C.
Connecticut.
Under those conditions we think it
would pay you to put up a stave silo and
fill it with corn. You ought to get your
money out of it in five years in increased
value over dry fodder.
Seeing on page 330 an article on tenant
system in Ohio, Texas custom may be of
interest- In this State the landlord fur¬
nishes house and garden spot, not to ex¬
ceed one acre. In some cases tenant fur¬
nishes his own teams, feed and tools, and
gives one-quarter of cotton and one-tliird
of the corn and small grain. A second
arrangement is same as above, only in
place of giving one-third of the corn and
small grain pays 85 an acre rent for
that part of the land. In a third plan
landlord furnishes team, feed, tools and
seed, and gets one-half of the crop. Here
in the black land part of the State land is
worth $60 to $100 an acre. D. L. p.
Itasca, Tex.
The Right Paint
For This Spring
You can’t afford to let your
house stand exposed till oil drops in
price. The way things look now,
the buildings would be paint-hungry
before that time comes.
Get the cost of 100 pounds "Dutch Boy
Painter” White Lead, 4 gallons pure linseed
oil. 1 gallon turpentine. 1 pint turpentine
drier— this makes 8 gallons of pure white lead
paint. Divide by 8 for the price per gallon and
compare this with the price of any other paint
you’d think of using.
You’ll find that the best is the cheapest ; also
that, after all. the increase in the cost of "Dutch
Boy Painter” White Lead made-to- order
paint is trifling.
Write for our free “Helps No. 1 208”
It answers all paint questions.
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
An office in each of the following cities:
New York Boston Buffalo Cincinnati Chicago
Cleveland St. Louis San Francisco
(John T. Lewis & Bros. Company, Philadelphia)
(National Lead & Oil Company, Pittsburgh)
BARREL SPRAYER
| READY TO USE
Can be drawn on sled or wagon, by one horse,
through orchard or garden.
Pump is entirely outside of barrel and solutions,
and is similar to the one on our Combination Field
OrchardSprayer-lOOto 125 pounds pres¬
sure-one or two leads of hose-conven¬
ient check valves — no leather packing.
50 gallon, horizontal barrel— no dan¬
ger of upsetting whether empty or
tilled — nothing inside but the dasher.
Ask us quick for
information on this
latest addition to the
mm
line of Farm and
Garden Implements.
BATEMAN
M’F’G CO.
Box 103-S
Crenloch,
NowJersey
Monarch
Hydraulic
Cider Press
Great strength and ca¬
pacity; all sizes; also
gasoline engines,
steam engines,
sawmills, thresh¬
ers. Catalog free.
MONARCH MACHINERY CO., 609 Hadson Terminal, New York
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of i hem are without
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of them speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
slating what you will pay, whether the work is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion,; whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. & I. A. S., 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
60,000 Feet of Amatite Roofing
The accompanying view shows
a series of buildings at the Saska¬
toon Exposition, all of them
covered with Amatite Roofing.
Amatite was selected because it
was inexpensive, easy to put on,
required no care or attention or
expense afterwards, and would
give excellent durability.
If ordinary smooth roofing had
been used, these roofs would re¬
quire painting every year or two at
considerable expense and trouble.
Amatite, however, has a mineral
surface which requires no painting.
Use Amatite for every roof
where you want to save expense.
It is the most economical solution
of the whole roofing problem.
Amatite Roofing requires no
skilled labor to apply ; it costs no
more. ( in fact much less ) than
other roofings ; and the fact that
it requires no painting makes the
total expense far below that of
any other type of roof covering.
You can use Amatite for every
kind" of steep roofed building. We
supply galvanized nails and liquid
cement for the laps free of charge.
Send for free sample and book¬
let. Address our nearest office.
Everjet Elastic Paint
Everjet saves money for the farmer
because it costs only half as much as
the next cheapest good paint. Only one
color — a deep, glossy black. Suitable
for roofs, out-door iron work, fences,
farm machinery, furnaces, carts, etc. „
Lice Destroyer
creonoid and Cow spray
Hens will be healthy if disease germs
are eliminated from the poultry house
by spraying regularly with Creonoid, a
powerful. cheap farm disinfectant.
Creonoid suppresses odors, kills germs.
BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY
New York
Pittsburg
Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland
Cincinnati Kansas City Minneapolis New Orleans
Seattle London, England
£
A LOUDEN LITTER CARRIER changes barn drudgery into child’s play.
With wonderful worm gear (an exclusive Louden feature) 1 pound
pull on chain lifts 40 pounds in box— boy can hoist half a ton.
Halses and lowers any distance up to 25 .eet, Stands where pat; can’t
fall. Fill the box, raise it and give it a shove. It carries the load out of
the barn to manure spfeader or litter heap, wherever you want it; dumps
load automatically and returns to yon. „
The Louden Way
Keeps barns clean and sanitary — Keeps cows healthy — they will give
more_ and richer milk. Saves time, labor and money. A Louden Litter
Carrier will save its cost many times in a year.
Loudens special electro-galvanizing process gives all Louden pro¬
ducts a beautiful, lasting finish. Looks clean — easy to keep clean —
never rusts — lasts much longer than ordinary hot process galvanizing.
Our 40years experience in fitting barns is at yonr service for the asking.
Hand your dealer a rough ground plan of your barn, and ask him to
mail it to us for price. This will entail no obligation citheron your part
or the dealers. Don’t accept any carriers but LOUDEX’S. There are
none “just as good.” Write us for comp’ete catalog of bam equipment
and valuable book on manure values.
LOUDEN MACHINERY CO., 601 Broadway. Fairfield, Iowa.
Strawberry Plants THat Grow
Largest stork of thrifty young plants in the New England State*. T have been selling plants true to name for 40
fears- All the new and standard varieties. Descriptive catalogue sent free. C. S. PRATT » READING, MASS.
SALESMEN WANTED TOAMf
Free outfit. < 'ominission paid weekly. Write for
terms. PERRY NURSERIES, Rochester, NewYork
rinlomorn Cormo _ Now is the time to-buy them.
UClundlC rdllNb Gen. du Pont. President of
the du Pont Powder Co., presented Delaware with a j
Macadam ltoad through entire state. When completed,
farms will lie worth twice the money asked now. Send
for our catalogue, free. FOI{l> A REIS, Inc., Dept.
II., Wilmington, Del.
FOR SALE==T0 SETTLE AN ESTATE
300 acre farm in town of Springfield. Vt., l*a miles
from K. R. station, at Bartonsville, two story
stone house, 5 barns, sugar and apple orchards,
plenty wood and lumber. Price $3,800. Address
F. C. ADAMS, Chester Depot, Vt.
MFarme FOR SALE at Low Prices in nearly
i a I III o all parts of New York State. Catalog
free to parties intending to buy.
KOUTHI JtN REALTY CO.. Syracuse. N, V.
FflT Qalo — Farm of 135 acres: six-room bouse: two
I Ul Oil 1C barns, 40x50 and 30x40, 20 cow stalls in
basement, concrete floors; silo; stone milk house.
Borden takes milk from door. R. F. D. and tele¬
phone. 12 cows, one bull, three calves, 16 sheep, one
set of scales, milk cans. All for $3,700, one-half cash.
HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Owego, Tioga Co.,N.Y.
WE SELL FARMS in Oceana, best County in U. S.
Fruit, Alfalfa. Grain, Vegetables, Stock, Poul¬
try. J. D. S. HANSON & SON, Hart, Mich.
CIBERIAN OATS, highest yielding strain from Ohio Ex-
^ periment Station; 65 hu. per acre here; Swedish
Selects, another high yielder: 75c.per bu., sacks free.
L. H. LeBARON, Mgr. Clen Oak Farm, Spencerville , Ohio.
Should be in
every gardener’s
equipment.
Hundreds of
Articles by ex¬
perts tell clearly
just how to grow
the best Flowers
— Roses, Sweet Peas, Asters, etc.; Plants
and all kinds of V egetablcs, from seed time
to harvest. 73d annual edition increased
to 288 pages, nearly 1,000 illustrations,
eight color and duotone plates.^ De¬
scribes over 1,200 varieties of Flower
Seeds, 600 kinds of Vegetables, 2,000
varieties of Plants.
Mailed free to anyone mentioning this pub¬
lication.
714 Chestnut St.
Philadelphia
HENRY A. DREER
“Dewdrop” Everbearing Strawberry
Largest in world; bears first season;
color, rich crimson ; no green tips ; lus¬
cious pineapple flavor. Circular free.
H. P. DEW, Albion, Michigan.
CUMBERLAND AND COLUMBIAN Raspberry
^ Plants, true, to name. St. inspected. Write for
prices. N. H. KNOPP, Washingtonville, Ohio.
Surplus Berry Plants -BS0cpu'aX“™S»)
Snyder; 2,000,000 Strawberry Plants; 500 bushels
Hastings Potatoes: Currants, Gooseberries.Grapes,
Asparagus, Rhubarb, Roses, Vegetable Plants, etc.
Send for free catalogue and Surplus List.
L. J. FARMER, Box 20, Pulaski, N. Y.
IHH Farme FOR SATjR CHEAP, in fertile
lJU Id! Illb Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa,
Potatoes — Bovee, Carman, Gobbler, King, GVfellow. Ohio, Queen,
Murphv,Kosc,C W’lis.W under: 85 kinds. C.W. Ford, Fishers, N.Y.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS-£’:»".fS “jfiuf;
Red Raspberry, only $5.00 per 1,000. Asparagns of
a very fine strain. SLAYMAKER & SON, Wyoming, Del.
POR SALE — A rare chance to secure a most de-
A sirable Stock and (up-to-date) Poultry Farm,
completely equipped, for less than cost of buildings
and recent improvements. Location : Chester
county, Penna.; convenient to Philadelphia. Situa¬
tion ideal. No further expenditure needed. For
full particulars address: JOHN P. SAUTTER.
Manager, Chester Springs, Penna.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
-aer
VALUE OF TOMATO WASTE.
G. J. S., Liberty Grove, Md. — Give me
the value per tou of tomato peelings as
they come from canning factory, and where
would be best to use them, on grass fields
or plow them under? What is their ac¬
tion on ground? I own and operate a can¬
ning factory and have been throwing the
refuse in branch, but if it would pay me
to haul it one-quarter mile would put them
on my land.
Ans. — The analysis of the tomato fruit
shows that it contains 0.16 per cent of
nitrogen, 0.05 per cent of phosphoric
acid and 0.27 per cent of potash. You
will see then that it has very little fer¬
tilizing value. The best way to use the
waste will be to put it in heaps with lime
scattered between each 10-inch layer.
Then in its decay it may furnish some¬
thing that will help the soil. But I
would assume that applied fresh to the
land it would cause too much acidity.
Putting it where hogs can eat and work
it over till rotten will be as good a way
as any probably, but really the waste is
hardly worth the handling and hauling
till completely rotten and sweetened with
a little lime. w. f. massey.
A CAMPAIGN AGAINST “STARTLING
DEVELOPMENTS.”
While The It. N.-Y. has bean waging re¬
lentless warfare against frauds and graft,
and its “Publisher’s Desk" has become a
terror to evil doers, it would seem that
there is yet another field it could do valiant
service in, and become a defender of the
farmer ; not only his interests, but his in¬
tegrity as a food producer for the masses.
Just now, these seems to be a campaign
of misrepresentation inaugurated under the
guise of illustrated lectures, lauded as a
movement for pure food, but seemingly in
reality, to advertise substitutes, or exploit
some health reform (?), possibly medical
cult. Recently at a much-advertised milk
convention, the chief topic seemed to be
centered in a lantern slide lecture, wherein
were views of barns and stable surroundings.
Care and keeping of milk were portrayed
in the most repulsive way, as to filth, and
unsanitary conditions, the plain “object”
being to convey the impression, that all
farmers’ surroundings, and dairy operations,
were of like descripi$S¥{. when the facts
are that it would be about impossible to
find anything of a like character, and to
the informed, the pictures were make-ups
as are so many of the “true-to-life” pic¬
tures of the moving picture shows.
Not long since the women of a city or¬
ganization were treated ( ?) free, to a
lantern show, to reveal to them the hor¬
rible conditions under which butter was
made, and what the cream contained out
of which it was made, and even showed
the presence in it of the originating causes
of typhoid fever, consumption, and other
infectious diseases ; last the filth removed
from a certain amount of butter, and then
put in a most -ingenious plea for clean,
pure, healthy oleo as a substitute. The
point of the talk was that all diseases
were of country origin and taken to the
city in butter and cream to be hawked
about and distributed, as if the city would
otherwise be free from disease. No men¬
tion was made of the fact that all dairies
that contributed to city, or creamery, are
State inspected three times a year, and the
creameries scored as well and more; the
city inspectors are on the job all of the
time, to see that sanitation is up to the
level, and few there be that get caught in
the inspectors’ drag-net.
In a current magazine is the picture of
a scene on a State fair ground where
there is a most repulsive sight of slaugh¬
tered animals spread out to the public
to gaze at of cattle infected with tubex--
culosis, and one may be sure no mild cases
are displayed, the object sought is to make
repulsive the live stock of a farmer, and
leave the impression with the public that
this is about the usual condition of the
beef and cow stock of the country from
which comes the meat and milk for the
cities, when the facts are that not over
one-half of one per cent of the stock is
diseased to the extent shown. A herd
killed not long ago near the writer, pro¬
nounced by the test to be in a dangei-ous
condition, failed to reveal anything more
than “slightly affected” (official report)
though in many cases it was difficult to
find even that much, and so good an au¬
thority as Dr. Sinead of New York said
that the lesions of the “slightly affected”
ones were being rapidly encysted, and there
was not a “dangerous” animal in the lot,
and there is not a known outbreak of the
disease, large or small, in Ohio, eagle-
eyed as are the official, to warrant any
such exhibition. These are not isolated ex¬
amples of the various forms of misrep¬
resentation that are going on. There
are some diseases inherent to live stock
but it is not a matter that needs advertise¬
ment with three-inch scare head lines. How
the farmer lives, his lack of comforts, the
horrible cooking he eats, the disgusting
disregard for sanitation and the appalling
death rate he invites upon himself and
family, low moral pi’eceptions, fill other
columns of reform literature, in face of
the fact the city flees to the country in
the Summer to escape the scourge of the
cities’ destroying angels, and comes to these
very country sources of disease, infection
and food supply, that has invited all these
attacks and warnings, and endaugei'ed the
dweller of the city. It is time for these
things to stop, and if essential in any de¬
gree, include the city as well as the town¬
ship and flay each as impartial duty com¬
mands. JOHN* GOULD.
Ohio.
Handling Chance Apple Seedlings.
C. C. J., Pom fret, Vt. — Would not apple
trees grown on a farm bo more desirable
for setting out on that farm than apple
trees grown in a nursery at a distance on
.different soil and under different conditions ?
I have over a hundred last year's seedlings
that made a growth of about a foot. Would
you advise me to bud these trees this yeax-,
or wait a year or two and graft them?
These seedlings ax'e some that came up
themselves in our apple orchard. I planted
some apple seeds in my garden, but only
one or two grew.
Ans. — It will make little difference
where the trees are grown provided they
make a good growth of hard, healthy
wood. A seedling growing by itself on
the farm ought to have a fine root de¬
velopment, but this will mostly be cut off
when the tree is planted. The nursery¬
men know how to grow a tree and can
produce a better one than a chance seed¬
ling. We have used many such seed¬
lings, but cannot say that they make any
better trees than root-grafted stock. In
the case mentioned we should let these
seedlings grow another year and then
graft them — transplanting a year after
the grafting.
Ground Bone or Acid Phosphate.
M. II. W., Spring City, Pa.— Which do
you think would be best for us to use on
an apple and poach orchard, raw ground
bone and muriate of potash, or acid phos¬
phate and muriate of potash ? The bone
costs us about $28 per ton, and has 16 to
18 per cent, phosphoric acid, and the acid
phosphate costs us $10 per ton, and has
14 to 16 per cent sulphuric acid.
Ans. — If the bone contains about three
per cent of nitrogen, as is usual, we
should use it in preference to the acid
phosphate, though the cost would be
greater. A mixture of three parts
ground bone and one of potash is a good
one for orchard fruit. If you used the
phosphate and potash you would be
obliged to buy some form of nitrogen to
go with them.
r - - \
It Does
The Heart
Good
To see how the little folks
enjoy
Post
Toasties
with cream.
Sweet, crisp bits of pearly
white corn, rolled and toasted
to an appetizing brown.
“The Memory Lingers”
Postum Cereal Company, Ltd.,
Battle Creek, Mich.
V - - — - — - - /
sraiimiiiiiijM
i ft Wfirms peerzA/m ee>mfee..
iKWFX //A/m&U.Ma, corereif utffA
^ *00 SfK.fr of *f- At ASBESTOS ftOOf
*2% zoom do Sfv/y ,
The need of paint or gravel on a roofing is posi¬
tive proof of its weakness — positive proof that the
materials in the roofing would dry out, rot, rust,
decay or otherwise deteriorate without such pro¬
tection — positive proof that the roofing itself can’t last long
unless protected with a mineral.
Instead of a perishable animal or vegetable material only
temporarily protected with a thin layer of mineral, such as paint,
slag or gravel, J-M Asbestos Roofing is one solid mass of miner¬
als. Not a particle of perishable material in it.
J-M Asbestos Roofing consists of layer-on-layer of pure Asbestos Felt
securely cemented together with genuine Trinidad Lake Asphalt. Asbes¬
tos is a rock, or stone, and of course stone needs no paint to make it last.
And the Asphalt Cement between these stone layers is the same mineral
that has withstood the severe duties of street paving for forty years.
So J-M Asbestos Roofing is an all-mineral roofing.
ROOFING
is the only ready roofing that never requires a single cent’s worth of
paint or other protection. Its first cost is its only cost.
Other ready roofings are a continual trouble and expense — for the paint
and gravel wash and blow off and have to be renewed every few years.
Because of its mineral or stone construction, J-M Asbestos Roofing
is also rust-proof, rot-proof and acid-proof. And fire that will melt iron
won’t burn this roofing.
If not at your dealer’s, our nearest Branch will supply you with J-M
Asbestos Roofing — also apply it, if desired.
Get This Curiosity FREE
We want you to see the curious Asbestos Rock which yields the long, soft, pliable,
yet practically indestructible fibres from which we make J-M Asbestos Roofing, Theatre
Curtains, Stove Mats, and hundreds of other Asbestos products. We know it will con¬
vince you better than anything we can say that a roofing made of this indestructible
stone must also be practically everlasting.
Simply send a postal to our nearest Branch and say “Send samples of Crude Asbestos
and your handsomely illustrated Book L 18.”
H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.
BALTIMORE
BOSTON
BUFFALO
CHICAGO
CLEVELAND
Toronto, Ont.
DALLAS
DETROIT
KANSAS CITY
LONDON
LOS ANGELES
For Canada -—THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO., LTD.
Montreal, Que. Winnipeg, Man. Vancouver. B. C.
MILWAUKEE
MINNEAPOLIS
NEW ORLEANS
NEW YORK
PHILADELPHIA
PITTSBURG
SAN FRANCISCO
SEATTLE
ST. LOUIS
1364
ST DISINFECT YOUR SEED OATS
WITH FORMALDEHYDE « a
The only successful, economical and easy way to rid oats,
barley, rye, wheat, etc., of destructive smuts and fungus growths
is to use Formaldehyde. Insures full, healthy crops. Not an ex¬
perimental method — heartily endorsed by the U. S. Dept, of Agri¬
culture. Write to-day for the new, free booklet — “Formaldehyde;
its uses upon the Farm and about the Home” — containing informa¬
tion every farmer or housewife should possess.
PERTH AMBOY CHEMICAL COMPANY
100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK
CULTIVATE OFTEN
and you hold the moisture
in the ground. Cultivate
shallow or deep as the crop
needs it and you release the
forgotten or unknown soil
properties which are needed
to make the crop grow prop¬
erly. We have been making
farm tools for 75
think we have as &
of Hiding Cultivators <
need to chooso f
IRON ACE RIDING CULTIVATORS
are long lived machines— adjustable for rows 23 to 50
inches, while in motion— teeth adjustable for depth and
angle — pivot or fixed wheel, one row or two — high or low
wheels— work well on hillsides — farm close
and true. A complete line. Our Anniver¬
sary Catalog will show you — also, potato
machinery, garden wheel hoes and drills,
etc. Address
BATEMAN M’F’G CO.
Ron _ 1027 _ GRENLOCH.N. J.
Baskets, Ladders and Growers’
Supplies.
A card brings our catalogue.
BACON Si CO., Appleton, N. Y.
Low-Down Steel Wheel Wagons
Are fast replacing tho high farm wagons for
general farm work. The reason Is plain. The
Low-Down wagon makes easier work for the
man and no harder for tho team. One man
can do most of fits farm work alone with the
Low-Down wagon. Get our free catalogue.
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO., BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.
Pratt -Elkhart “40”
is the quietest, simplest and most powerful car
in the “40” class. They are i-n use today in over
half the States in the Union.
BACKED BY THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS’
SUCCESSFUL MANUFACTURING EXPERIENCE
Made in four classy designs; 117-inch wheel base, Unit
power plant, three-point suspension, offset
crank shaft, Bosch Magneto, 34x4-inch tires.
List Price— $1800.00. Top and wind shield extra.
We Want a Sample Car in Every Locality— Write for Catalog and very
liberal proposition
ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MFC. CO., Elkhart. Indiana.
4<5»
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE
Freight on Corn. — What is the freight
on corn from Chicago to New York and
from New York to Hamburg or Bremen,
Germany, and other European ports per
100 pounds carload lots? reader.
North Dakota.
The present freight rate on corn from
Chicago to New York is 20 % cents per 100
pounds in carloads, minimum weight 20
tons. Ocean freight rates vary from week
to week according to the demands of trade.
At this writing the berth quotation for
grain, New York to Bremen, is 12% cents
per 100 pounds; to Hamburg, 1G 2-3 cents;
Liverpool, G 2-3 cents ; Glasgow, five cents ;
Bristol, 8% cents.
Sweet Peppers. — “How are the canned
Spanish peppers or pimentos prepared?
I note that they are entirely devoid of the
pungent flavor. Is this due to the method
of preserving or is it a different species of
pepper with which we are not familiar?”
Wisconsin. A. C. M.
The “sweet Spanish” pepper is one of
the “sweet’ varieties, having none of the
torrid qualities usually supposed to belong
to the pepper. It is easily grown, and the
seeds may be had from any first-class seeds¬
man. Occasionally a hot plant will develop
from these supposedly sweet seeds. This
is usually owing to mixed seeds, but in
some cases it is clearly a “harking back” to
the type of its fiery ancestors.
Red Kidney Beans.— “Is there a de¬
mand for the Red Kidney bean, and would
it be more profitable to raise them than
the white beau? I have been informed that
some farmers are receiving large profits in
raising these beans ; would like to know
bow and where they market them.” w. v.
Oneida Co., N. Y.
Red Kidney beans usually sell higher
than the Marrow and Pea varieties, though
not always. In 1908 Red Kidney sold lower
than cither Pea or Marrow. The Red
Kidney requires rather stronger soil for best
results, and under general farm conditions
the yield is less than Marrow and Pea,
so that even though they sell higher per
busboL, the net profit may not be greater.
They are sold on the regular market the
same as other varieties.
Weight of Broilers. — “I see broilers are
quoted 30 to 35 cents per pound. What
weight is required at present to bring these
prices ?” C. C.
New Jersey.
The prices given are for the quality
known as “Philadelphia,” weighing three
to four pounds per pair. Philadelphia has
long had a reputation for high-class dressed
poultry, so that the name has become a
trade mark for the best in this line, regard¬
less of where it is produced. Broilers of
the same weight per pair, but inferior in
quality, sell considerably lower, down to 25
cents in some cases. One point of special
importance for those preparing broilers or
other dressed poultry for market is to be
sure that the animal heat is all removed
before they are put into the packages.
Neglect of this is sure to result in a soured,
sticky and unsalable mess.
Regulating Commission Men. — Whether
or not the bills now being considered for
reforming the produce trade are enacted
into law, there is no doubt that effective
legislation of this sort will be had within a
few years. Conditions are getting intoler¬
able, and the people are learning better how
to get at the fountains of law making.
Many people have wondered why the better
element in the commission business did not
make an effort to “clean house” as is done
in other lines of trade, where credit associa-
• tions turn the light on crooks and those
unreasonably slow in paying their bills.
Something has been done in this direction,
but only in a half-hearted way, and the New
York trade has been especially inactive in
such work. Reforming a man or a business
by law is usually a painful process for the
man or the business. Most thoughtful peo¬
ple consider it better to refrain from steal¬
ing by a wholesome use of will power than
to be kept from committing crime by means
of prison bars and walls. The New York
produce trade has the power to do a house¬
cleaning that would make the troublesome
regulation from outside unnecessary. The
writer knows well the attitude in this mat¬
ter of many commission houses in New
York that have large capital and good busi¬
ness standing. They are not specially con¬
cerned about the rogues in their own trade,
but are very ready to revile the “dishonest
farmers,” who mix stale eggs with fresh
and stuff packages with culls. They ap¬
parently do not realize that these dishonest
farmers are being reformed or crowded out
of business by the 'fanners themselves
through their association plans of market¬
ing. The better class of eastern farmers,
especially fruit growers, are very much
alive to this matter, and as the associations
strengthen the men who mix culls with
good fruit will become increasingly scarce.
If the commission men do not take enough
practical interest in the good name of their
business to clear out the dishonest element
they need not be surprised to have a heavy
hand laid on them from outside.
w. w. H.
THE RURAL
HANOVER FARMERS’ CLUB.
The Hanover Farmers’ Club of Chau¬
tauqua County is the most influential and
up-to-date farmers organization in western
New York. The meetings of this club are
held monthly, and practical questions of
vital interest to the farmers are discussed,
as well as topics on the current events of
the day. The March meeting was held
March 11, and the question, “Fruits,
Kinds, Planting, Cultivating and Market¬
ing,” was discussed. In the cultivation of
apples the general opinion expressed was
that location was the first essential. A
high elevation is best, as the apples are
earlier, of a better quality, and remain on
the trees later in season. Clay loam was
the best soil for most varieties. After
plowing, the ground should be sown with
lime. Continuous spraying was advisable.
In marketing, the one point emphasized
was honesty in packing to get the best
prices. In the cultivation of peaches, it is
best to plant early and late varieties, that
you may have fruit throughout the season.
Plant the trees leaning to the southwest,
that you may secure a growth of straight
trees. You cannot raise a good quality of
peaches without spraying. Spray before
the buds start and continue as late as Sep¬
tember. Keep a mound of earth thrown
around the trees to destroy insects. These
mounds should be removed and replaced
with new ones, two or three times during
the year. It is not advisable to cultivate
plums and pears from a commercial stand¬
point. Tlie Lombard is the best variety
of plum to cultivate for home use. They
will produce fruit in six years from the
time of planting. They are purple, of
medium size, and good bearers. The Bart¬
lett pear was considered the best variety.
Pears require about the same time to pro¬
duce fruit as the plum. Spraying is also
essential in the cultivation of plums and
pears. Prnues were recommended as a
good fruit to plant for home use. In the
raising of strawberries there are four essen¬
tials, the right soil, the right variety, right
cultivation, and right market. Get your
plants from a specialist. The best soil is
well drained loam. Use bone fertilizer, 800
pounds to the acre. Strawberries are great
feeders. You must feed them well to get
a good crop. The best market is the can¬
ning factory. Plant the kind of fruit that
is best, financially, and keep in mind that
cultivation is the keynote of success.
J. e. c.
NEW-YORKER
April 8,
For Barn or Stack
With Fork or Sling
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and long service. All troubles are elimi¬
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Result of 40 Years’ Experience
Many different styles adapted for every
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Send for our booklet showing hay and
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slings. Agents wanted for Barn Specialties.
The Ricker Mfg. Co., BBE SN‘:
Street
Y.
Fastest Hay Press
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Write today for Free illustrated /n&k -f j? Capacity
catalog B. B. describing full line.
YEARLY
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OVER
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ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
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20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn, why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
Just get the cost of duplicating
any one of your farm buildings
99
uari
:ier
•• A
mjL
=m
§y/9\
VSS
S£ , 1
\
;
f
\
" Says the Little
Paint Man
Just get the cost of duplicating any one
of your farm buildings and compare that
cost with what the building cost you
originally. Then you will realize the importance of making
your buildings last as long as possible.
The only thing that prolongs the life of a farm building is
paint — not only prolongs its life, but improves its appearance
— and paint costs so little.
Find out what lumber costs today, find out what building
costs, and then send for that little book, ‘ ‘Paints and Varnishes
for the Farm,” which will tell you how to get the kind of paint
that offers the best and longest protection for everything about
your farm that needs paint.
If you should also ask for the Portfolio showing color
schemes for the exteriors of farm buildings, you will see how
well buildings can be made to look without any extra cost for
paint. The same paint that protects them will also beautify
them if it is Sherwin-Williams Paint and it is properly selected
as to colors.
Address THE LITTLE PAINT MAN, care of
Sherwin-Williams
PAINTS &■ VARNISHES
635 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. In Canada, 897 Centre Street, Montreal
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask for color cards
THE MOWER FOR SERVICE
Wherever there is grass to cut the JOHNSTON
No. 10 Mower is known and used — and acknowledged to
be the best mower made. Has more good features
than any other mower. Cuts all the hay, any kind
of grass, on level or uneven ground. Easy to operate;
no side draft ; gives a lifetime of dependable service.
We also make a one-horse mower (No. 11).
JOHNSTON is made along Quality lines to give perfect satisfaction
t __ . . year after year; represents all that is best in farm
l1 3Tm Macninery machine construction. Write for 1911 catalog, which
explains the superior construction of JOHNSTON Grain Binders, Reapers,
RaKes, Manure Spreaders, Corn Binders, Tedders, Hay Loaders, Ear-
rows, etc. It’s free. Send postal today. Box 100 f)
THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO., BATAVIA, N. Y.
STOUT— STRONG-DURABLE— CHEAP
Brown Fences will outlast any other because of
heavier wires and thicker ealvanizing. Investigate
before you buy. 160 styles for all purposes.
Bargain Prices-14c Per Rod Up
delivered at your railway station. Send today for
catalog and free sample for test.
THE BROWS FENCE & WIRE CO..
Dept 59 CLEVELAND, OHIO
CYCLONE
Fences and Gates for Farm. Home,
Parks or Cemeteries. Increase prop¬
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some. Easily erected— all heights up to 10 feet. Our
catalog and prices will interest you. We pay freight.
The cyclone woven Wire fence Co.
1 245 E 55th STREET C LE V ELA N O, OH IO
LOW PRICES
handsome FENCE
100 other styles. Many cheaper than wood — all tetter. For Lawns,
Churches, Parks, etc. Write for Pattern Book and special offer.
THE WARD FENCE CO., Box 945 Decatur, Ind,
lFENCE™m£S1
MADE. Hun
strong chick¬
en-tight Sold to the user at Wholesale
Prices. We Pay Freight. Catalogue free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO., te-tb-tM
Box 2 63 Winchester, Indiana. »TlPal»
moBt practical and helpful fruit paper published.
Articles by practical suooessful growers. One issue
tel 1b how a grower got $10,000 from 22 acres of
peaches; How a woman got $4,000 for apples off 7
acres. Bend 10c, today. THE FRUIT BELT,
23 Hawkins, Building, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Unclipped
Clipped
WHICH IS YOURS?
Clipped horses have more vigor and energy because they dry off quick, rest well
at night and get all the good from their feed. Every man who considers the un¬
natural conditions under which horses now live will help them to better health by
clipping them in the spring.
Yourself or any of the help can clip a horse easily and quickly with this
STEWART Bali Bearing Clipping Machine
This machine turns easiest and clips the fastest of all machines. It has all file-
hard cut steel gears, enclosed, protected and running in oil. There Is 6 feet of new
style, easy running flexible shaft, and the famous Stewart single-nut tension clipper
head — highest grade. All complete, machine weighs only 36 pounds, q ,
it can be carried about anywhere. Price, complete, as shown, only . $
Get one from your dealer, or send $2.00 and we will ship C. O.D. for the balance.
Write for new 1911 Catalogue. Send TODAY.
7 —
Chicago Flexible Shaft Co. 143 La Salle Ave., Chicago
1911.
<ql'he; rural new-yorkeb
■460
A LIGHT FRUIT LADDER.
At Fig. 159 1st a cut of a safety ladder
for the benefit of fruit growers. Take
1 14 x3-ineh white pine clear of flaws for
sides, and 1x3 for steps, as they are bettor
to stand on than rounds ; nail blocks for
them to rest on, and to keep it from spread¬
ing put a small rod under every third step,
or wire will do ; double and twist it. Take
LIGHT FRUIT LADDER. Fig. 159.
a solid piece four feet long for the “snout" ;
bolt tins with two %-inch bolts, with
wedges to make it solid. This makes a
much lighter and handier ladder than the
old straight one. You put the snout in
the fork of a limb and there is no slipping
or turning, nor knocking the fruit off. I
use different lengths to suit the tree. I
use step ladders for small trees. I use
lime and sulphur with a power sprayer;
that keeps the trees in good condition.
Palestine, O. H. H.
Investing in an Orchard.
Will you advise me what you consider
the chances are for a man to buy apple
orchards in the Northwest and if the in¬
vestment in your opinion is safe? I have
been much interested in a proposition made
by a land concern wherebj they contract to
plant 40 trees to the acre, care for same
and at the end of five years turn them
over to the buyer. The price of the planted
orchards is $525 per acre, which includes
the planting and care. At that price a 10-
acre orchard, counting interest, taxes, etc.,
at the time of bearing, would cost about
$8,000, without any buildings. The point
I wish to bring out is, would you advise
the buying of a good bearing orchard, say
in Virginia, buildings and all complete,
which, I am told, can be bought for about
the same money as the Idaho land costs?
I realize that there is a difference in or¬
chards, buildings, etc., but don’t you think
that for $8,000 or $10,000 a good bearing
orchard can be bought in the South, where
the profits would be just as large and the
risk much less? a. a.
The II. N.-Y. has steadily advised against
an investment in companies which offer to
plant orchards in any such way. For some
years we have publicly challenged any such
company to come forward and show where
the small investor has made anything out
of it. It might be possible to do such
work, but in our judgment the chances for
getting a bearing orchard in Virginia or in
New England or Pennsylvania, if the. trees
are of good variety and in fair condition,
would appeal to us„as an investment rather
than some unplanted orchard far away. But
no matter where the orchard is, do not
touch it until some expert who is disin¬
terested goes and looks it all over. You
would not buy land unless a good lawyer
looked up the records and proved the title
O. K. You would not put $8,000 into the
grocery business or into manufacturing un¬
less some accountant or expert pronounced
it right. Do not think of buying an or¬
chard until some practical farmer and fruit
grower I00L3 it over and guarantees it.
Pay him for his services as you would a
lawyer.
Powder Refuse.
What is the fertilizing value of “potash
salt” or refuse from powder making fac¬
tories?
The refuse from potash mills is quite
variable in composition. Samples which
our Station has analyzed contain, approxi¬
mately, one-quarter of a per cent, of pitro-
gen and about three-quarters of a per cent,
of potash. I should place a maximum
value on this material of $2 per ton ; I
should not care to pay more for it.
N. J Exp. ^Ration, jacob g. livman.
AN ALFALFA SERMON.
In 1904 I bought a piece of ground that
was in very poor condition, due to im¬
proper management and cultivation. A part
of this tract lies along a wood lot, but about
two-thirds is along cultivated land. That
part lying along the wood lot was in wheat,
while the remainder was a field which had
not been cultivated for a number of years.
That lyin'1' along the cultivated land I put
in po‘ following y. nr I
the fields and put both parts in corn. After
the corn was off I seeded to wheat. For
the potatoes I manured the land and used
a good grade of commercial fertilizer. The
following Spring I manured all the land
again for corn and applied a complete fer¬
tilizer. With the wheat I drilled in the
fertilizer again at the rate of 500 pounds
to the acre. This brought me a fair crop
of wheat, about 25 bushels per acre. On
July 4 and 5 I plowed the land, on the
6th I harrowed and dragged it four or
five times. After that date I failed only
one week to work on the ground, and that
week it was too wet until August 11. IIow
often I harrowed I cannot tell, but I am
sure not less than 20 times. During this
time I put on lime at the rate of about
30 bushels to the acre, and a light coat of
manure ; both of which were thoroughly
worked into the soil by the frequent bar-
rowings. During the night of August 10
we had a light shower; the next morning it
was too wet to work in the ground, but
in the afternoon I sowed the Alfalfa at the
rate of about 20 pounds per acre. Just as
I finished we had another nice shower.
This was about two o’clock on Saturday.
On Monday at four o’clock (50 hours) I
found a large per cent, of it up. It grew
nicely all Fall, and by the middle of Sep¬
tember it was from eight to 10 inches high
when I clipped it. It will be noticed that
we had ideal weather all Fall, which ac¬
counts for the remarkably quick germina¬
tion as well as the fine growth made that
season.
The following season. 1907, I had one
fine crop — the first cutting. , As I cut it
as a soiling crop each year up to 1910 I
can give ,no estimate of the amount cut.
After the first cutting we had a very dry
spell, which lasted during the whole grow¬
ing season, so that I did not get much of a
crop afterwards. Early in August I noticed
that that part which lies along the wood
lot was turning yellow. I was advised by
a professor from an agricultural college to
harrow it. This I did August 10. 1 was
assured that the harrowing would stop the
yellows. But it did no such thing. On
the contrary it kept on getting worse and
worse. After a while I noticed that the
other part was getting yellow also. Na¬
turally I thought it was due to want of
inoculation, but frequently examinations
convinced me that there were enough
nodules on the roots. Later, in the Fall,
one of the _professors of Pennsylvania State
Uollege visited me and he assured me that
there wore plenty of bacteria on the roots.
The following year (1908) there was a
repetition of the year before ; one good
crop, the rest partial failures, due to want
of moisture. But now harrowing showed
its good results. The part harrowed was
much better than the part not harrowed ;
not only this but where I had harrowed
there were no weeds nor other grasses to
be found. In July of that year, simply
ns aii experiment. I sowed a fertilizer con¬
taining two per cent of potash and 10 per
cent of phosphoric acid crosswise over the
patch at two different places, fl'he follow¬
ing Spring these places could be seen from
a distance. That Spring I manured the
whole piece, except one narrow strip, with
barnyard manure. I again cut a fine first
crop, but again we had a dry season, and
tin1 other cuttings were a failure, so much
so that some of It I did not cut at all
after the first time. The part cut only
once produced some seed, and contrary to
general belief, it did not seem to hurt it a
hit. I now sold all my cows, and had no
more use for a soiling crop, so last season
I cut it for hay. As the season was late I
did not cut until June 23. This crop was
a good one, except the strip not manured
the previous year, which was almost an en¬
tire failure. The latter part of July I cut
the second crop, which made about one ton
to the acre. This small crop was again
due to want of rain. After the first cut¬
ting was off we had no rain until Fall,
and of course I got no crop worth cutting
after the second one. The Fall rains, how¬
ever, revived it again so that there is a
good prospect for the future.
I have thus described my experience
rather minutely for the purpose of draw¬
ing certain conclusions. First, while all
conditions must be right, such as drain¬
age, proper preparation of the seed bed. a
sweet soil, good seed, etc., yet all these
will avail nothing if there is not enough
moisture in the soil. Later experiences
have convinced me that failure to get a
stand is due to want of moisture as often
as to any other cause. Second, inocula¬
tion may be necessary in many places.
With me it was not. The nearest to my
place Alfalfa had been grown was five
miles. I used no inoculation, nor is there
any Sweet clover growing in the commun¬
ity. Again later experience has shown that
other lands I own do not need inoculation.
Cultivation is as necessary as inoculation.
By thorough harrowing not only can the
weeds be kept down but the yield can be
largely increased ; an old-fashioned spike
harrow is as good as any other implement
provided it is well sharpened and well
weighted. Alfalfa turning yellow is not al¬
ways, if ever, a sign of disease, but is due
to want of moisture. The general opinion
that Alfalfa will do well on dry soils or in
dry seasons is not my experience. On the
other hand, it requires as much rain as
clover or any of the grasses. A fertile
soil, with proper attention in seeding and
proper care afterwards by good cultiva¬
tion and good feeding, makes it one of the
best paying crops a farmer can raise.
Pennsylvania. e. b. g.
TOWN
*vi
" Who
Gets There
First?
You or Your Neighbor with a Telephone?
The farmer with a telephone avoids unnecessary trips — he
spares his horses — he sells at a greater profit because he
knows his market. If you haven’t a telephone, by all means
get one.
But be sure your telephone is a
Westmi'Ekttm
Rural Telephone
— the most reliable of all telephones. Made by the largest
and oldest telephone manufacturers in the world. Specially
designed for rural service.
Sign the coupon foe booklet describing Wes¬
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you can get a Western Electric Telephone for
your home.
The Western Electric Company Furnishes Equipment for Every Electrical Need
CVtRY BELL TUiPTtONE 15
UTSllliMlHMUlimOtt
WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY
Manufacturers of the 5,000,000 "Bell” Telephones
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'SAVE TIME AND EREIGKT
TFlEPHOPiE OUR NEAREST HOUSE*
Natives digging and loading asphalt at Trinidad Lake
All “asphalt roofing” is not
Trinidad Lake Asphalt Roof¬
ing— there’s a great big dif¬
ference. Look out for that
when you buy your roofing.
Ordinary so-called asphalt roof¬
ing’s are made of artificial products
masquerading as real asphalt.
They are nothing more than the
residue from petroleum oil or na¬
tive bitumens made into a black
pitch, which is easily affected by
changes in weather.
Genasco
the Trinidad-Lake- Asphalt Roofing
is made of genuine natural asphalt —
perfectly stable and uniform in quality.
Trinidad Lake Asphalt is endowed by
Nature with natural oils; and they stay
in it. This gives Genasco its wonderful
resistance to rain, snow, sun, wind, heat,
and cold — and keeps it lastingly water¬
proof.
The artificial asphalts have oils mixed
with them, but they haven’t the quality
of the oils in the natural product; and
they soon evaporate and leave the roof¬
ing “dead” — and it cracks, breaks and
leaks, although at the first it may look
like Genasco, the real Trinidad-Lake-
Asphalt roofing.
To make sure of roofing that will per¬
manently protect, ask your dealer for
Genasco, the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt
Roofing, with either mineral or smooth
surface. Fully guaranteed.
The Kant-leak Kleet waterproofs the seams
of Genasco Roofing without cement, does away
with nail-leaks, and gives the roof an attractive
finish. Ask your dealer for Genasco with Kant-
leak Kleets packed in the roll.
Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide
Book.
The Barber Asphalt
Paving Company
Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready rooting In the world.
Philadelphia
New York San Francisco Chicago
Cross-section Genasco Model Roofing
s Crushed Quartz
_ Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
3 Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Burlap
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
arming
. r- — t T'v O
A John Deere
Book
— - Just Out
"'pT- *
J >A Farmer Can
Get it Free
THIS valuable book has eighteen articles on live
(arm topics, written by the highest authorities.
Get the book and a full description of John
Deere Plows and Cultivators. They are the imple¬
ments of quality , made for farmers who want the
best. We will send the book and catalogue of John
Deere goods if you write for
Package No. 33
Mention the package number sure, then
you will get exactly the right stuff.
DEERE & COMPANY, MOLINE, ILL
CAROLINA
COAST
COUNTRY
AN IDEAL FARM
AND HOME IN
THE SOUTH
Thousands op Acres— Rich.
Black Soil; Virgin Farm Lands
fronting on the ocean.
In the world’s finest clim¬
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priced lands.
Write us for Free Illustrated Booklet, Maps, etc.
Address W. W. CROXTON. G.P.A., Norfolk
Southern R. R., Dept. D, Norfolk. Va.
AMERICAN
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
with metal fence posts have
developed this post. It is
now thoroughly practical, fill¬
ing every requirement on the
farm, in the town, for rail¬
roads and wherever fence posts
are used.
Made of tough steel, heavily
zinc coated. Durability
proven by us — ten years’ ac¬
tual use showing good as new.
Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
for it.
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 6 Wire Co.
Chicago :
115 Adams Street
Denver :
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
New York:
30 Church Street
San Francisco :
16th and Folsom Sts.
470
THE RURAL NEW- VORKEB
April 8,
Hope Farm Notes
FLORIDA NOTES. No. 7.
1 did not expect to touch Florida a^gain
for some weeks, but there have been many
letters asking about the human side of life
in this country. 1 thought of this on the
morning of March 21 as we came out of
the house after breakfast into the sweet
Florida air. I was there for a flying visit,
helping make plans for shipping the big
family back North. I had a man tell me
last week that Florida was too dull for
him. Jle would rust out. There was “more
life and human nature ou Broadway, New
York, in 15 minutes than in a week of
Florida.” So I thought I would see how
much “real human nature” the sun could
observe as l’utnain Co. revolved beneath his
eye.
As I came outdoors the sun was bright,
with hardly a cloud in 'the sky. .The mer¬
cury stood at about Go degrees. Most of
the bloom had fallen from the orange trees,
and the young fruit had begun to form,
while the new leaves showed their light
green against the darker old leaves. On the
tree by the gate there were peaches as
large as walnuts. A drove of half-wild hogs
from the woods went slowly along the vil¬
lage street with one eye open for food and
the other watching for a possible hole in a
fence through which they might crawl into
a grove or garden. For while no one seems
to think it worth while to bolt or even
shut a house door at night, except for
warmth, there must be wire with a barb on
it around every growing thing that a hog
could fancy. Two red hens with their
broods of chickens ran about under the
orange trees. In front of the house I
found a group of “redheads and tow-
heads” gathered around a fisherman who
carried a fertilizer sack. lie nad caught
three young alligators, and the children
were buying them. They finally got the
three for a dollar, and they inte id taking
the hideous things back to New Jersey to
“raise” them. You may yet see an im¬
proved brand of Hope Farm alligator.
Finally the school bell rang, and the older
children scattered, while the little ones
played on. I have said that the child crop
is a vanishing product in this locality.
There are, I understand, but four white
children of school age — not enough to main¬
tain a school ! There is a broken and
abandoned sclioolhouse here, but it has not
been occupied for some years. There is a
school for colored children. In a short
time 1 hope to show pictures of the colored
school children and also the whites. Our
people opened a school here, but in this
locality the State actually does more for
educating colored children than for whites.
Think over what that means and see if
Broadway can match the “human nature”
which comes out of such a situation. Our
own children are rosy as flowers. They
ought to be, for they have played out in
the sun every day since December 1. They
would have gone barefooted nine days out
of 10, but for sand burrs and hookworms —
for that dread disease gets into the system
through the feet. Florida is surely a Win¬
ter paradise for children and elderly peo¬
ple. As the children pen up their alligators
and separate for school and play an old
man walks with linn and active step down
the shaded street to the store. lie is 89
years old and is still planting a garden —
very likely for the seventieth time ! On
the platform of the store he will meet a
group of men who will sit for hours dis¬
cussing the weather or looking off through
the pines toward the blue lake. On Broad¬
way people are rushing to and fro with set,
anxious faces, tearing their hearts out in
the fierce struggle for food, clothing, amuse¬
ment and shelter. There is quite as much
“human nature” about these slow and gen¬
tle dreamers, basking in the Florida sun.
In this little place where our folks have
wintered there are nine different men who
live alone. There are perhaps 30 voters in
this district, and strange as it may seem
to many of our readers, they are about
evenly divided between the two great
parties. That is because a number of old
soldiers have moved in here. They draw
their pensions, work their little gardens or
groves and live at peace in this care¬
free land. “Human nature?” Ask these
old soldiers with “warfare over” as the
sun goes down, and they look out over the
lake, why they ever came to Florida, and
if they are disappointed. If you started a
contest with a prize for the man who can
take the longest time to travel a mile I
could enter several citizens. Yet it was in
Florida that the world’s record for speed
with a motor car was made. While some
of our neighbors might consume two hours
in going a mile it was in Florida that Old¬
field drove a car one mile in 27 1-3 seconds !
This contrast in speed is a very good illus¬
tration of the contrary character of Florida
climate and conditions. Many people fail
here because they try to fit Broadway
“human nature” to this balmy, gentle land.
You cannot use the same brand !
The forenoon wore off lazily. Across the
load a man was working a mule on a cul¬
tivator: — tearing up the surface of an old
orange grove. The only auto in the town
went by over the pine-paved road, the very
cough of its exhaust pipe sounding like a
lung rapidly healing in the soft air.
Charlie went by followed by a big colored
man. They carry spades and axes, for
Charlie is sexton, and this is one of the
rare occasions when a grave is to be dug,
for some old resident is being brought home
to be buried.
Mother and I had planned to take the
train at noon .and go south a few miles
to do some “shopping” and look up a
“colony" or land boom scheme. So we got
ready and went to the station in ample
time. And there we waited, as everyone
else does in this land of to-morrow. An
hour crawled by, and still there was noth¬
ing in sight up the track except the dis¬
tant pines and the heat rising from the'
hot sand. No one quarrels with fate in
Florida — what is the use? L’nder similar
circumstances in New Jersey I should have
been held in some way responsible for the
delay, but here it did not matter- — if the
train did not come, another day would do.
We waited about 100 long minutes and
then the good lady announced that she
was going home, as there would not be time
to get around. And borne she went, good-
natured and smiling as the Florida sun.
Let me add that the next day we waited
nearly two hours again and then went
home once more — but who cares whether
you go to-day or on some future “to¬
morrow ?”
Having been cut out of our trip I got
interested in the funeral. A little group
of wagons was drawn up under the pines
waiting for the train. I have said that an
old resident was coming “home” — to be
buried by the side of husband and rela¬
tives — in the rough little cemetery behind
the pines. At last a puff of thick smoke
up the track showed where the dawdling
train was showing the true speed of a
hearse. Down the grade it came, halting
with many a wheeze and groan in front
of the little station where the fated box
was taken off. Our little funeral proces¬
sion was quickly made up. Uncle Ed.
drove old Frank ahead witli the minister
and the Hope Farm man as passengers.
Then came tne dead in a farm wagon with
a half-dozen one-horse teams straggling on
behind. Your funeral ou Broadway with
its gilded hearse, black horses and nodding
plumes might be far more imposing. Who
can say, however, that there was less of
“human nature” in this little weather¬
beaten string crawling over the Florida
sand? I was thinking as we went how
this dead woman had seen what seemed
like the death of hope in this land. For
right where we were passing on these dead
fields she had seen orange groves in full
fruitage — and had seen them all wiped out
in a day of frost !
You would have said that Charlie stood
leaning on his spado beside two great
heaps of snow. The soil was a pure white
sand, and as they threw it from the grave
it had drifted in over the sides until no
dark color showed. On “Broadway” there
would have been an imposing procession,
the organ pouring out topes that seem to
carry a message far beyond the comprehen¬
sion* of the living. Here in this lonely
little clearing my friend the minister led
the way, the little group of mourners fol¬
lowing,* and Charlie and Uncle Ed, with a
few neighbors carrying the dead. 1 wish
1 could have had you there with me you
who say that life and human nature crowd
into the “lively" places. I wish I could
paint the picture as I saw it.
The minister and the station agent's wife
began to sing. One of the men who helped
carry the coffin laid down his load and
joined the singers. They wanted me to
make a quartette, but 1 am no musician
and I could not have made a sound. It
was better for me to stand in the back¬
ground against a tree by the side of Hie
colored mail who leaned on his shining
spade and bowed his gray head. For does
not the color line fade out at the grav-o?
I wish you could have seen it ; tin* little
group of singers, the sad group under tne
pines, the earth piled up like snow drifts,
the pine tops waving and moaning, and
the Florida sun streaming over all. I felt
the pine tree against which I leaned
tremble as the wind blew through its top.
In a tree over us a grey squirrel turned
his ear as if to listen. For gathered around
those piles of glistening sand were men and
women who carried all that the world holds
of "human nature tragedy, despair, hope,
sorrow and peace. Not 100 feet from where
I stood was a row of six little white
stones where six old army comrades were
buried. I studied their names. Six men
of the army and navy from New York,
Maine, New Hampshire, South Carolina,
Vermont and Ohio. There they lie in the
sand, sleeping “the sleep that knows no
waking.” And this woman wanted to be
brought back to this lonely place that she
might rest with her people. "Human
nature?” I made a dull companion as old
Frank toiled back with us to the village.
Our folks had left the house, and I fol¬
lowed them along the shady path to the
lake. The younger people had been in
bathing. They were sitting on . the lake
shore— the children shouting and playing
as they ran about the beach. I am glad
they wore not at the funeral. As Mother
and I walked slowly home the little ones
came trailing on, waving branches of palm
and singing. And there, over the fence, was
our famous gallon and a half cow — easily
the most energetic citizen in the place.
Night comes quickly in Florida, and
brings a chill with it. The sun 'seems to
tumble directly into the west and to leave
little warmth behind. Before we ended our
slow walk home darkness had fallen and
Uncle Ed, had started a grateful fire of
logs. As if to demonstrate the Florida
axiom that there are only two absolutely
sure things — death and taxes — we found
the county assessor before the fire. He
had reached us in his rounds, and was
ready to tell us all how much we owe the
State. You will see therefore that the
human side of life in Florida is much the
same as anywhere else, only “more so,”
for here there is no artifice* or straining
after effect. Men and women are naturally
human— as they were meant to be.
J. w. c.
Health and peace join
hands to bring happiness
to all while prosperity shines brightly ’round
the farm fenced with
“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence
In quality of material, method of construction, durability
with real service, as well as in distinctive appearance,
“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence stands pre-eminently first.
Electrically Welded
at the joints, these are the fence’s strongest parts. “ One
solid piece of metal ” aptly phrases it. Through the hard¬
est usage, “ Pittsburgh Perfect ” Fence stands erect, even
and firm.
Open Hearth Wire, made from our own formula and perfecUy galvan¬
ized with pure zinc (the only galvanizing metal absolutely rust proof),
is the strongest, toughest and most lasting fence wire possible to manu¬
facture, and is used exclusively in “ PITTSBURGH PERFECT” Fence
For Field, Farm, Ranch, Lawn, Poultry Purposes
“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence perfectly meets the most exacting re¬
quirements. Write for catalogue, or look up the best dealer in your
town — he handles “Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence exclusively.
Pittsburgh Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Manufacturers of “Pittsburgh Perfect ” Brands of Barbed Wire;
Bright, Annealed and Galvanized Fence Staples, Standard Wire Nails
and “Pittsburgh Perfect” Electrically Welded Fence
tOOK FOR
THIS
TRADE MARK
FROST
WIRE FENCES
STRtNGTH, SERVICE and SATISFACTION
woven in every rod of our fence.
We combine best grade of material
with expert workmanship. Most last¬
ing fence made. Free catalog upon
request. Ask your dealer.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dept. H Cleveland, O.
£ Cents a Rod
For 18-in. 14 3-4efor 22-In. Hog
Fence; 15efor 26-Inch; 18 8-4 e
for 82-ineh; 2»e for a 47-inch
Farm Fence. 48-lnch Poultry
fence 28 l-2e. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
Heavy Fence
For Economy
W OVEN-WIRE FENCES must be heavy as
they have to turn animals by sheer strength
of the wire. A fence with barbs is protected
from excessive pressure because the animal fears the
barbs. Remove the barbs and the greatest strength
of the animal is thrown upon the fence. Its wires
must be larger and stronger. To have a long-life
woven-wire fence the fence must be heavy.
AMERICAN
FENCE
is a thoroughly galvanized square mesh fence of
weight, strength and durability. Large wires are
used and the whole fabric is woven together with
the American hinged joint (patented) — the most
substantial and flexible union possible. Both wires
are positively locked and firmly held against sideslip
and yet are free to act like a hinge in yielding to
pressure, returning quickly to place without bending
or injuring the metal.
f) (i n 1 c F* .,1.^, — Stocks of American Fence
LSCrticid nvciywiicre are carried in every place
where farm supplies are sold. The Fence is shipped to these
points in carload lots, thereby securing the cheapest transpor¬
tation, and the saving in freight thus made enables it to be sold
at the lowest prices. Look for the American Fence dealer and
get the substantial advantages he is enabled to offer. He is
there to serve the purchaser in person, offer the variety of
selection and save the buyer money in many ways.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver San Francisco
Send tor copy of “ American Fence News,” profusely illustrated , devoted to the interests
o' farmers and showing how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm.
Furnished free upon application.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
471
Ruralisms
FLOWER GARDEN ENEMIES.
A. J. B., Phishing, N. Y. — 1. Last season
my Dahlias were attacked by a worm which
entered the stalks several inches above the
ground and fed on the inside portion of the
stems, causing the blooms to blast and the
stems to flop over. On taking up roots in
the Fall I found the worms' had eaten down
into the tubers. What are they? Do they
lay their eggs in the roots or is the ground
infested? Would soaking roots in formalin
before planting, as seed potatoes are
treated, destroy them? If so, how should
it be used? Or should the beds or plants
be treated, and how? 2. I would also like
to know how to kill scale insects on holly¬
hocks. 3. Is there any effectual remedy for
the Hose chafer? I have tried arsenate of
lead with indifferent results, as they come
in such great numbers, just as roses are
bursting into bloom, that they devour them
bodily, and previous applications of the
arsenate of lead do not seem to stop them ;
it also discolors both flowers aud foliage.
Ans. — 1. This Dahlia trouble has never
come under our observation, and we
find no reference to it in accessible
Dahlia literature. But an old volume
of Harris's “Insects Injurious to Vege¬
tation,” issued in 1862, describes the
corn spindle-worm, a pest commonly at¬
tacking corn, as also boring into the
stems of Dahlias, and the same insect
is described by Mrs. Mary Treat in
“Injurious Insects of the Farm and
Garden” (1882), under the name of the
potato stalk-borer. Mrs. Treat says this
insect attacks potatoes, tomatoes, Dah¬
lias, Asters and Indian corn. It is the
larva of a small moth, and leaves the
stalk in which it has burrowed the
latter part of July, entering the ground
for its chrysalis state. The moth
emerges from the end of August to the
middle of September, probably hiber¬
nating in sheltered places. It will be
seen that any treatment must be given
to the garden, not to the Dahlia roots,
since they are not infested. As soon
as any wilt is noticed, remove the stalk
and look for the depredator. It is quite
probable that frequent surface cultiva¬
tion, which is excellent for Dahlias,
would disturb the pupating insect, as we
do not understand that it goes down
very deep. As the Dahlia especially
needs this cultivation during the dry
period of July and August, which hap¬
pens to be the time the insect is pupat¬
ing, we do not think it would he difficult
to keep it in check. Mrs. T reat says that
the common cockle-bur is a favorite host
plant for this insect, which reminds us
once more that weeds are not only un¬
sightly but also a refuge for garden
pests.
2. We have never yet seen scale in¬
sects on hollyhocks — not that such in¬
festation is impossible. But is it surely
scale, and not aphides or plant lice,
black or green? Some years, when
aphis infestation is prevalent, these
lice attack many strong-growing garden
plants, such as hollyhocks, Rudbeckia
Golden Glow, etc. If aphides and not
scale, where there is strong water pres¬
sure they are often dislodged by a strong
douche of cold water from the hose, but
a vigorous dose of tobacco water or
kerosene emulsion is always effectual, or
whale-oil soapsuds. If scale really does
affect hollyhocks, we doubt whether any
spray could be used, and would cut and
burn the infested stalks.
3. The disgusting Rose-chafer seems
to flourish upon cold poison applied as a
spray, and the only thing we can recom¬
mend is hand-picking into a pail con¬
taining kerosene and water ; the layer
of kerosene on top of the water dis¬
courages the insects, and we then burn
the mass. Arsenic dusted over the rose
plants is fatal to them, but is entirely too
dangerous to use about our roses. Some
years we have little trouble with Rose-
chafers, but when they come in force
there is little protection against them.
They always attack the light-colored
flowers first, owing, entomologists say,
to their excessive short-sightedness, so
we can only pick them as far as pos¬
sible, and comfort ourselves with Prince
Camille de Rohan, Alfred de Rouge-
mont, Ulrich Brunner, and the other
glowing crimsons that do not attract
them.
Apples for Maryland.
best of the Winter apples, and the old
Winesap is a standard there, too. York
Imperial is a good bearer and the tree is
suited to the climate of the coast coun¬
try, but the apples are not of very high
quality. Grimes is one of the very best
in flavor of all apples, and bears well in
that section, but it is not a late keeper.
However, the fruit sells well and there
is no danger of any serious loss in the
crops. There is fair profit in growing
early apples on the Chesapeake penin¬
sula, for they are close to the big mar¬
kets and ripen before there are many on
sale from other sections. The Randolph
is one of the best of this class. Yellow
Transparent is earlier, but it is very
delicate and must be handled with ex¬
treme care. Oldenburg comes later but
will bear early. The bulk of an apple
orchard in the region mentioned should
be of Stayman and Winesap. The last
three, Randolph, Yellow Transparent
and Oldenburg, will be very good to
plant as fillers among the later varieties.
H. E. VAN DEMAN.
Spraying in a Small Way.
IF. G., Yonkers, X. Y. — Would the sub¬
ject of spraying a few trees and shrubs
interest many of your readers? I should
think you would have many who, like my¬
self. cannot afford expensive apparatus, yet
would like to treat their trees as iu a com¬
mercial up-to-date orchard. I have used the
small hand sprayers, hut it is impossible, to
give the time and labor necessary with
them on fairly large trees to insure a good
job.
Ans— The small hand sprayers and
even the more powerful “bucket
pumps” offered by dealers in horticul¬
tural supplies are not only relatively in¬
effective when used for any but the
smallest trees and shrubs, but, in the
writer’s experience, quickly get out of
order with even moderate use. The
most practical implement is a well-made
force-pump with cylinder and valves of
brass, or other non-corrosive metal, fitted
with a good Vermorel nozzle and 10 to
15 feet of the strongest half inch rub¬
ber hose. Such an outfit costs about
$10, exclusive of barrel or container
of spray material, and will last many
years and be always ready for use if
thoroughly washed out with pure water
after using and stored in a dry, cool
place. Do not accept a pump with rub¬
ber or leather valves or packing at any
price, as it will rarely be found in proper
condition when urgently needed. A
pump of this kind may be had ready
mounted on barrel and truck for a few
dollars additional, or a similar effective
contrivance may be rigged up at home.
With such a pump fair spraying work
may be accomplished single-handed, but
two operators are needed for best re¬
sults. An effective pressure of 75 to
80 pounds can be maintained, and the
home-yard trees and shrubs given a
thorough spraying with little loss of
time. It does not “pay” to bother with
low-priced or ill-made pumps.
w. v. F.
Alfalfa in Corn.
Would you sow Alfalfa in corn after the
last working, using a small spike-tooth cul¬
tivator to cover, on good land that lias had
a liberal supply of lime drilled in with the
corn? J. f. c.
Marietta O.
While some good reports are made from
this practice, we prefer fitting the land
well and seeding the Alfalfa alone.
RAKES HAY RIGHT WAY
r Genuine New Vork Champion
Hay Hake, now an Iron A ge prod¬
uct, made from original patterns; light^
strong, compact, gets nil the hay; levers^
convenient and easily operated; no jar — easy1
on horse and rider; S, 9 and 10ft. widths; lasts a 1
life-time; known everywhere for 33 yearsas BEST
IRON ME
Kepair parts supplied for old rakes.
Farm and
Garden Tooia
Stock carried at Canastota and Elmira, N. Y., Spring-
field, Mass., Burnham, Me., and by our agents
generally. Write to day for Anniversary “Oood Old ;
Catalog, showing Potato Machin- Friend of J
ery, Hay Bakes, Garden, Or- jv- Former”
chard and other tools— free.
BATEMAN MTG CO
Box 102 R
ORENLOCH. **
pa
S. L. B., Cambridge, Aid. — -I am expecting
to plant about 20 acres in apples. What
would you advise planting of Winter apples?
While being familiar with fruit growing
(my orchards consist mainly of peaches and
pears) I recognize the importance of good
and suitable varieties, also the fact that
a commercial orchard would differ some¬
what from a “home orchard.”
Ans. — There are many good apple or¬
chards on the eastern shore of Mary¬
land and in Delaware, and there is no
question of their profit where properly
handled, Stayman is one of the very
GET THE BEST
A Good Spray Pump- earns
big profits and lasts for years.
THE ECLIPSE
is a good pump. As
.practical fruit grow¬
ers we were using common
sprayers in our own orchards
— found their defects and
invented the Eclipse. Its
success forced us to manu¬
facturing on a large scaie.
You take no chances. We
have done all the experi¬
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog
and Treatise on spraying FREE.
MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich.
Western Apples
Outsell Eastern
kHE large,' worm-free western apple
sells for $2 to $4 more per barrel than
the better flavored product of the east.
Wake up to the fact that effective spraying
will free your orchard of the insect pests that
cause your low yield of small, wormy fruit.
One spraying with Swift’s is often
equal to three or four with the old-
fashioned mixtures, because it sticks
through even heavy rains.
Swift's Arsenate of Lead mixes readily
with water, stays in suspension, and can
be used with any pump. Easy to use. Fatal
to leaf-eating worms and insects.
Write for our valuable free
book on Apple Culture
It is plain, easy to understand and com¬
plete. When writing, please give your
dealer’s name.
MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO.
31 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
Spraying as
Necessary as Plowing
Every orchardist must spray to protect his trees against insects
that eat up profits. His best defence is the surest, safest, strongest
insecticide made —
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead
(in Powdered Form)
Surest and strongest because it contains 50% more arsenic oxide than any other
brand — 32^ to 33% guaranteed. Our Electro process combines a greater percentage of
arsenic with the proper amount of lead than can be obtained in any other brand. This
means better adhesion; greater killing power, suspension and distribution.
Safest because there is less than yz of 1% of water-soluble arsenic — the tenderest
foliage is never injured.
For these reasons, Electro is most economical — less material need be used.
Tests by Conn, and N. J. Agri. Exper. Stations prove our claims. Send for these and for
valuable folders on Electro Arsenate of Lead and on Electro Lime-Sulphur
(certain death to San Jose Scale).
If your dealer cannot supply, write for prices, proofs, and name
of nearest distributor.
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL CO.
33 Church Street, New York
SPRAY1W, ly the N.Y .State Fruit Growers’ Ass’n-
, PAY YOU TO USE EITHER.
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS and A6ENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE AND MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
USE
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL. CO.
H BAYVIEW AVE..JERS EY CITY. N.J,
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED!
POTATO
233 Bushels
more per acre by
Spraying
That is what the
New York Kxper-^
iment Stati
reports as a
year averagei
Gain by Spray-'
in g potatoes.
Don’t let
blight, scab,
rot, and
bugs cut
your crop in half— but get a HURST Sprayer and
make all the Money you are really entitled to for
your work out of your Potatoes or fruit. Spray
first, then if you buy, Pay Us out of the "Extra Pro¬
fit.” These sprayers Spray Anything, potatoes,
orchards, vineyards, truck (4 to 6 rows at a time).
“.Man-power and liorse-power.” Powerful pres¬
sure. Easy on man and horse. Strong and
durable. Brass valves, plunger, strainer, etc.
Guaranteed for 5 Years.
Shipped on Free Trial
without a cent in advance,
“no strings" to our trial offer.
We pay Freight.
No bank deposit.
Wholesale prices.
Writensaletterorcard
and tell ns which mach¬
ine yon are interested
in, and you’ll get free our
valuable Spraying Guide
— Catalog— and ourspec-
lal Free Offer to first in
qj each locality this season,
'f Be first to write ns.
i H. L. HURST MFG. CO..
288 NORTH ST., CANTON, OHIO
S5B& I
SPRAY
FRUITS AND
„ FIELD CROPS
ana do whitewashing in most effectual, economical,
rapid way. Satisfaction guaranteed. BROWN’S
/ POWERR Auto- Sprays
No. 1, shown here, is fitted with Auto-Pop Nozzle—
J doe* work of 3 ordinary Bprayers. Endorsed by Ex-
J poriment Stations and 800,000 other*. 40 styles and
7 sizes of hand and power sprayers— also prices
i and valuable spraying guide in our Free Book.
Write postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
2d Jay &L , Rochester, N. Y.
“ONE FOR ALL,” No. I
DEATH TO IM9CCT3 A FUNGI
Barrels. 425 lbs. —.,05c. per l6:
Yx Bbls .
100 Lbs
50 lbs.
25 lbs_
r o
Wool Grease, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur
Combined. A Contact and Poison Spray.
Aft Insecticide & Fungicide. '
Only Thing Needed for all Pests or Fungus.1
WRITE FOR BOOKLET.
MANHATTAN ’’ OIL COMPANY
Established 1852.
$1 Front Street- New YorM
PEAR
PSYLLA
The worst enemy of the Pear growers can
not be controlled with lime sulphur, but
t A
9 9
used in the Spring just before leafing will not only
control the Psylla but San Jose Scale and all
fungus troubles controllable in the dormant season.
PRICES: In barrels and half barrels, 60c per gallon; 10
gallon cans, 80 00; f> gallon cans, $3.25; 1 gallon cans, 81.00.
Conclusive proofs in Booklets, “ Orchard Dividends ” and
“ Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing
Apples." Both free.
If you want cheap oils, our “CARBOI.EINE” at 30c
per gallon is the equal of anything else.
li. G. FKATT CO., Mfg. Chemists,
50 Church St., New York City.
1911 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS
IO Years of Success
FRIEND FRUIT GROWER : Uncle Sam says
you must spray. Users of the Deyo are relieved
from experimenting. After ten years of service the
Deyo is still giving perfect satisfaction. Our cus¬
tomers are our reference, ask the user. We sell
direct to yon. Deyo pays all freights to Missis¬
sippi River shipping points. Write for catalogue 19.
DEYO-MACEY ENGINE CO., Binghamton, N. Y.
472
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER
The Rural New-Y orker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
PobUihed weekly by the Itnral Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, New York.
Herbert W. Oollingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or 8*2 marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 00 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for tim<
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash must accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subseril>ers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in ourcolumns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect suberibers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce Tiie R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 30 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
You will see that the hen men are coming forward
to scratch those hen records apart. That is what we
want, for a statement which will not bear analysis
has no place in print. The hen is a good friend to
humanity, but when you put nothing but guesses and
speculation into a “system” she may play the part of
siren to lead men to the rocks! We want the truth
about hens. If we go outside the regular beaten path
to get at it, so much the better for the truth. So all
are invited to sail in with beak and claw to make those
$9 and $12 hens look like 30 cents, if that is their real
limit. The first report from Mr. Dougan is printed
on page 480. Nothing remarkable about it.
*
We met a man the other day, who said farmers
had received greater benefits from the Government
than any other class in the country. When asked
what these wonderful benefits were he said, “Educa¬
tion.” The fanner has colleges and experiment sta¬
tions and farmers’ institutes, and bulletins, while no
other class has been so instructed and “pampered.”
This man is a manufacturer of articles protected by
both a patent and a tariff. “All right,” we said, “sup¬
pose we change. Let the Government give you ‘in¬
struction’ — tell you how to run your business and take
away every item of special privilege you have enjoyed
and give farmers a chance to make the margin be¬
tween cost and sale which is made on your goods !”
His answer was a quartette of expressive words :
“Not on your life!”
These other interests do not want public instruc¬
tion — they want privilege.
*
When the Interstate Commerce Commission refused
to permit the railroads to advance rates it was claimed
that the railroads would appeal. They have not done
so, and are not likely to. They have no case. We
think it was likely that these railroads expected that
the Commission would reduce rates. Thus they de¬
manded an increase, figuring that the Commission
would deny it, yet would not reduce at the same time.
It was a shrewd move on their part. The Commission
recently reduced passenger fares between Washington
and certain points in Virginia. Those reductions were
made on the basis of over-capitalization and the re¬
sults of this may he far-reaching in effect. If the
same basis for fixing rates is used in other and larger
cases the public will receive great benefit. A classic
remark about the fate of the public was credited to an
older Vanderbilt some years ago. The Interstate Com¬
merce Commission seems to be like a big reservoir
behind which public opinion has been dammed until
it has power to start the wheels of justice.
*
The last North Carolina Legislature provided for
what is called county farm-life schools. There are
to be as many as 10 of these schools started each
year. A county may secure such a school by provid¬
ing not less than $25,000 for building and equipment,
and $2,500 for maintenance. The State in such event
will give $2,500 per year more. The school therefore
will have at least $5,000 annually. These schools are
to be located and managed by trustees, one member
from each township in the county, and appointed by
the county board of education. These schools are to
teach agriculture and “farm life,” which we under¬
stand to be country living in its best sense, indoors
and out. Very likely they will be conducted like a
first-class farm, where boys can learn modern methods
in a practical way, and also pick up something of the
true spirit of agriculture. We believe that this legisla¬
tion will work out great things for the people of North
Carolina. It is constructive in the best sense. These
schools will become genuine headquarters for just the
sort of work that the South needs.
*
We have had our say about Canadian reciprocity,
and so far as we can learn this position is endorsed
by the vast majority of our farmer readers. The
farmers of this country do not want special privileges.
They do want a fair deal and what other industries
have — no more, no less. If Canadian farmers are to
share our markets we should have an equal chance
with Canadian farmers. This is not given by “reci¬
procity.” As Senator Cummins, of Iowa, puts it:
If we put tlie farmer into free competition with Canada,
common justice and common decency require that we shall
buy in a market as free as that in which the Canadian
farmer buys. To me it is a shocking perversion of a sa¬
cred principle to assert that the farmer shall suffer free
competition in everything he sells and endure high pro¬
tection in everything he buys; and I now say that I in¬
tend to use all the power and influence I have to give
the farmer the benefit of free trade with Canada in the
chief things he must buy, at the same time and in the
same instrument that imposes upon him free trade in the
things lie produces for sale.
Under “reciprocity” Canadian fanners could sell
farm products freely in our cities and buy their sup¬
plies from England to better advantage than our
fanners can. There is no organized industry in the
country that would stand such injustice. Put the
American fanner on even terms with the Canadian
farmer and there would be little or no opposition to
“reciprocity.”
*
The Alabama Legislature suggests a new way of
getting after the tax dodgers. A bill containing the
following passed the Alabama Senate by one vote:
The tax assessor in order to make proper assessment,
shall require each person, firm, association or corporation
leaking a return to furnish or give under oath, the amou.n
of insurance on all property, except household goods and
kitchen furniture, so returned for taxation, for the previ¬
ous calendar year, or at any time during said year, and
he shall have a right to demand a copy of the last inven¬
tory made of any property subject to taxation, and shall
also by inquiry of persons believed to have knowledge of
the same, inform himself as to the value of such property.
It is not intended to assess the property at the face
of the insurance. That would be absurd, since stocks,
bonds, unimproved real estate and much personal
property is never insured. It is doubtful if half the
property in Alabama or most other States carries any
insurance. At the same time an insurance policy gives
cue good indication of what a man thinks his property
is worth, and it would help in forming a fair estimate,
supposing the assessment is to be fair to all. At the
present time farmers and small real estate holders
pay far more than their just proportion of taxes. The
‘tax dodgers” escape because they can hide the evi¬
dence of their personal property, or refuse to state
what their real estate is worth. It would be good
leading to see their assessments printed side by side
with their insurance policies !
*
The German parliament has passed a law based on
the principle of taxing the “unearned increment” of
land. Briefly stated this means the value of land
which is contributed by the community or state. Sup¬
pose a man buys a farm as men have done for $2f) an
acre. He works at it with good judgment, improves
the soil and makes it produce twice as much
as when he bought it. The population within 10
miles of that farm, let us say, does not increase, yet
the farm is worth twice as much, since it produces
twice the crop. In such case the increased value has
been earned as a result of the owner’s labor. Would
it not be a form of injustice to compel that man to
pay twice as much in taxes as he did before? On
the other hand, suppose this man buys the farm on
the chance that sooner or later a town or city will
grow out in his direction. He does nothing to the
land. It grows up into brush and weeds and produces
nothing. Population increases until there is a demand
for homes and the land which cost $20 sells at $200 !
Such cases are quite common near the large towns
where the increased value of the land is not due in
any way to the labor of the man. It is contributed
by others who come in and settle nearby. This is
called “unearned increment.” Some of the greatest
and most dangerous fortunes in this country were
started in just this way. The “head of the house”
obtained government land hv gift or cheap land by
purchase and simply held on to it. Population came
to it. and brought great value which was absolutely
unearned by the owner. In many cases the family is
still drawing immense rents from this land, while pay¬
ing taxes on less than a quarter of its value. Now
this German law is based on the theory that the great
value of this property was given by society. There¬
fore society has a right to demand a share for its ex¬
April 8.
penses. The plan started first in the German cities
and has worked so well that it is now to be enforced
throughout the Empire. The tax is graded, from
where the unearned increase of value does not exceed
10 per cent up to 30 per cent where the increase
reaches 40 per cent. The revenues are divided half
to the general government, 10 per cent to the state
and 40 per cent to the community. Under such a
scheme idle land would not pay, and speculation in
“land booms” would be taxed off the market. The
lax dodgers in the great cities would be forced to pay
their fair share of taxes. As it is now the average
farmer, with all his property in sight, is forced to pay
far more than his share because he must earn his in¬
crease of land values, while the value of urban land
is largelv unearned. What a commentary upon our
boasted liberty when the old monarchies give their
people parcels post and real land legislation while our
so-called public servants hold us up.
*
About 15 years ago Prof. H. J. Wheeler’s experi¬
ments in the use of lime began to attract attention.
Of course lime had been used for centuries with good
results, but Wheeler’s elaborate and painstaking work-
showed clearly why lime was needed and what soils
snd crops responded to it. At first this excellent
investigation did not meet with much favor from the
scientific men. It was a case where practical farmers
forced the scientists to take notice. Many farmers
tried lime as directed, and were convinced that when
properly used this element is practically as essential
as nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid. The experi¬
ment stations took up the discussion, worked out
experiments and issued many bulletins. The interest
has grown until to-day the problem of using lime
economically is one of the most important connected
with American farming. Most farmers now under¬
stand the difference between ground limestone and
the various forms of burned lime. Apparently the
thing least understood is the best manner of apply¬
ing lime and the reasons for it. We still have many
questions asking if it will pay best to plow the lime
under or spread it on top of the grass or grain. In
a general farm rotation the best place for lime is
with a seeding of grass or grain, unless it is used
directly to overcome the souring effect of plowing under
a green crop. We would never put burned lime on
the surface of the ground or plow it under. The way
to use it is to spread on the furrows and harrow
thoroughly into the soil. When this is not done the
burned lime is likely to form a sort of thin mortar
where it is put, and we lose the best effect of the
liming, which is to work all through the soil and
sweeten it. The theory that rains will wash the
burned lime down all through the soil will not work
out. On the other hand, ground limestone or marl
put on the surface of meadows or pastures without
plowing them will often give a slow but sure im¬
provement, for these raw limes will not act as the
burned lime often does. For quick work, that is,
rapid sweetening of very sour lands, any form of
lime should be worked into the soil. One reason
why seeding is the best place to use lime is the fact
tfat a soil bed for small seeds must be worked until
it is fine.
BREVITIES.
The skim-milk of human nature is mighty poor stuff.
A concrete) top over that well will save danger from
foul water.
The trouble is that too many of us fight for our wrongs
without realizing it.
Now if you had that cover crop to plow under, even if
it were nothing but rye !
North Carolina will divide convicts into two classes.
Those guilty of felony must wear stripes — others need not.
Cut them down — both root and stem. What? The
young trees. They will make a far better head to pay
for it.
IIaiuy vetch is not a Spring-sown crop. It is for the
Fall — like Crimson clover. The legume for early Spring
is Canada peas.
We should hesitate to plant a chestnut orchard in the
East. The fungus disease has ruined the woods around
the Hope Farm, and we believe it will spread still further.
Yes — we would certainly use about one- third the total
weight of clover seed in Alsike. It does better than Red
on damp or sour land, does not give such a large yield,
but makes better feed.
On stock farms where clover is largely grown the use
of raw phosphate rock seems to be increasing. Where the
soil is full of humus this rock gives results — but do not
trust it for garden or truck crops.
Test your corn ear by ear. or you may find too late,
that you have a lot of seed like that described by Mr.
Clement on page 402. The stalk and the ear show the size
to the eye, but they do not show life. That is what you
want.
The Oregon Legislature has passed a law placing a
heavy penalty on the shipment of ginseng stock or roots
into that State from gardens in which disease prevails.
It is claimed that the State will co-operate with the
Federal Government to prohibit the circulation of adver¬
tisements of plants or seeds from diseased gardens.
1911.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — Judg-o George A. Carpenter
banded down a decision in the United
States District Court at Chicago, March 22,
denying the motion of attorneys for the
beef packers to quash the three indictments
against them charging a combination in re¬
straint of interstate trade, engaging in a
conspiracy in restraint of interstate trade,
and monopolizing interstate trade. Judge
Carpenter's decision is what is known as an
interlocutory order, from which there is no
appeal. There are five counts in the con¬
spiracy indictment and one in each of the
other two indictments. If convicted the de¬
fendants can be fined $5,000, or imprison-*
ment for one year on each of the seven
counts. The move of the attorneys for the
packers was based upon a contention that
the Government could not use in evidence
against them anything that transpired be¬
fore Judge .T. Otis Humphrey gave them
the famous “immunity bath" ia 1906.
A parcels post conference will be held at
the Mew Willard Hotel, Washington, 1). C„
April 25, at 10 a. m., under the auspices
of the Postal Progress League. All inter¬
ested in parcels post are requested to at¬
tend.
Investigation of the Robin banking
schemes in New York continues. Joseph B.
Reichmann, an intimate associate of Wil¬
liam J. Cummins in the management of the
Carnegie Trust Company and for a time
its president, stepped up before Justice
Davis in the Criminal Branch of the Su¬
preme Court March 25 and pleaded not
guilty to au indictment which charged that
he knowingly concurred in making aud pub¬
lishing a statement of the affairs and pe¬
cuniary condition of the Carnegie Trust
Company .containing material statements
which were false, on September 8, 1910.
The principal false item charged was that
on August 31 at the close of business the
Carnegie Trust Company had no liability
for borrowed money, when in fact it was
liable on a demand note to the Northern
Bank for $130,000, secured by certain col¬
lateral.
Defective insulation in the Assembly Li¬
brary on the third floor of the State Capitol,
Albany, N. Y., started a fire March 29 that
destroyed the west wing of the $27,000,000
building. The State Library was completely
destroyed, and both the Senate and As¬
sembly chambers burned out. The loss is
variously estimated at between $5,000,000
and $8,000,000 ; but in some respects it is
incalculable, for many of the records and
documents in the State Library can never
he replaced. One watchman, Samuel Ab¬
bott, who was assigned to the State Li¬
brary, is missing, and is believed to have
lost his life. Several firemen were over¬
come with smoke or injured bv falling
stones from the walls. There was no fire¬
fighting apparatus at baud.
FARM AND GARDEN.- The wool grow¬
ers of 18 States west of the Mississippi
River have begun a movement for lower
freight rates on raw wool to eastern and
Atlantic seaboard points. Through the
National Wool Growers' Association they
filed a formal complaint March 23 with the
Intei-state Commerce Commission against
the Union Pacific, Northern Pacific, South¬
ern Pacific and other transcontinental lines
and their Eastern connections, including
the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Erie Rail¬
road. the New York Central and others.
The complaint sets forth that the carriers
have failed to establish a reasonable classi¬
fication for wool in the grease and are giv-
1HE RTJ RAh
ing unreasonable preferences and advan¬
tages to certain localities, including Pacific
Coast territory. The complaint also says
that the carriers are violating the long
and short haul provision of the railroad
rate act, in that tney are charging a greater
compensation in the aggregate in" the trans¬
portation of wool for a shorter than for a
longer distance over the same route iu the
same direction. Figures are given showing
the alleged disparity in rates and the com¬
plaint says that in most eases they are
more than the traffic ought to bear.' The
statement is also made that in the last five
years there lias been a constant increase in
the cost of the production of w-ool through
the curtailing of pasturage and the absorp¬
tion of the laud for irrigation purposes
and for the addition to forest reserves. Ac¬
tive opposition to revision of the tariff was
determined upon by the officers of the Na¬
tional Wool Growers Association at a con¬
ference at Salt Lake City March 23. on the
tariff situation as it affects wool. The
eonferrees volunteered to be in Washing¬
ton when the special session of Congress
begins and the members in the wool-growing
States are asked to send reinforcements,
consisting of one or two men from each
State.
The Dairy Day, March 15, of Farmers’
Week at the Massachusetts Agricultural
College, Amherst, Mass., was highly suc¬
cessful. In the afternoon about 300 men
interested in dairy work in Massachusetts
got together and appointed a committee
on permanent organization of a Massachu¬
setts Dairymen’s Association. Those ap¬
pointed on the committee represent the
Massachusetts Creamery Association, Con¬
necticut Valley Breeders’ Association, Mass¬
achusetts _ Cattle Owners’ Association, the
State Dairy Bureau, and the Agricultural
College. This committee will meet very
soon to push the work of permanent or¬
ganization. Another feature of the day
was a market milk and butter exhibit. The
butter exhibit was represented rather by the
quality of the product than number of ex¬
hibits. On the other hand, the market milk
exhibit, the first one held in Massachusetts,
was fine. There were 55 entries of milk,
53 of which were produced and distributed
in Massachusetts. Two were produced out¬
side the State hut distributed by Massa¬
chusetts milk concerns. The entrance
blanks and score cards were the same as
those used at the National Dairy Show.
Canadian Reciprocity. — I am glad to
note the stand you have taken with regard
to the Canadian reciprocity. As usual, our
lawmakers hit the farmers the first jolt,
and carefully, protected the manufacturers
as of old. This, of itself, is enough to
make us lose patience with them, and when
they further try to pull the wool over our
eyes by assuring us that this change in the
tariff will make no difference at all except¬
ing a beneficial one. It makes us madder
than. ever. The bumper crops produced in
the United States last year were not so
radically much greater than in one or two
preceding years, but they were large enough
to slump the prices radically. If we throw
Canada's surplus in at this time, we can
see no earthly reason why it will not de¬
press grain prices still more, affecting the
prosperity of the manufacturer as well as
of the business men. If we are going to
reduce the protective tariff, manufacturers
should be placed in exactly the same class
as tine farmers, iu fact, if we have free
trade with Canada on the stuff which the
farmers produce, it scorns to us that we
should have free trade with the world on
NEW-YORKER
everything, simply because Canada is the
American farmer’s most important com¬
petitor at present, and likely to continue so,
and reciprocity with that nation will affect
the farmers more radically than reciprocity
with any other nation we know of.
Ohio. CIIAS. B. WING.
THE POTATO OUTLOOK.
The farmers in Michigan are getting
about 30 to 35 cents per bushel. We be¬
lieve that there will be a gradual advance
in the market until prices reach about 50
cents at the loading stations.
Toledo, O. J_ T. SMITH & SON.
At the present time we arc buying the
very best potatoes out of Ohio points at
40_ cents per bushel. New York State has
quite a lot of potatoes yet and is offering
them at about the same prices. It is our
opinion that they will not advance, but
may decline should the weather turn warm
and favorable in the near future.
IRON CITY PRODUCE COMPANY.
Pittsburg, Pa.
It is our opinion that there will lie from
this time, until new potatoes come in, a big
demand for potatoes, and we expect the
price to remain around 50 to 60 cents per
bushel. There are no potatoes in the hands
of consumers here. Even the farmers are
buying, and we are having a big trade.
Seed stock also is in good demand and
prices are very high. This is not a potato
district.
A. E. GIUESSER FRUIT & PRODUCE CO.
Peoria, Ill.
The potato market here is quite a little
firmer ; while prices have not advanced very
much, there is a firmer feeling and many
look for potatoes to do better. Regarding
the amount held back in the country, we
believe that there are’ a good many hack,
hut not nearly as many as a year ago, and
it looks to us now as though it was a
weather proposition regarding the future
of potatoes. In fact vve look for higher
prices. d. o. WILEY & co.
Detroit, Mich.
There seem to be quite a good many po¬
tatoes still in the hands of farmers in this
State. In fact we believe as many as
they will he able to move to advantage.
As a rule we draw the bulk of our sup¬
plies from Michigan, hut on account of
the crop in this State the past season we
have been getting most of thorn from In¬
diana. The prevailing price of good In¬
diana stock on this market at the present
time is 43 to 45 cents per bushel.
Indianapolis, Ind. e. f. shidei.kr & co.
Our advices point to large stocks and
probable lower prices to growers. The
season is far advanced and the new crop
will be on soon, so that to our minds it
appears unwise for growers to hold longer.
There is a change for the better in the
YVestso that stocks from that section are
not likely to he sent East, where there is
enough and to spare, if our advices are cor¬
rect. It really looks to us that prices now
are better than they will be. And vet we
may be wrong. thos. bond & son.
Baltimore, Md.
The outlook for old potatoes at present
is for low prices for some time to come.
Market at present is very inactive at 40 to
45 cents. Stocks in the city, stored early
in the season, cannot be sold for less ex¬
cept at a sacrifice, and with the inactivity
of the demand, holders are not inclined to
push the sale. Supplies in this immediate
473
ritory, are equal to all demands tin- mar¬
ket may make. Local buyers are taking
them in sparingly at 28 to 30 cents at ship¬
ping points. The outlook is uot favorable
ior much higher values for some time to
come. k. p. wonneli. co.
Cleveland, O.
Relative to the potato situation, there
may be temporary advances, such as we
are experiencing at the present time, hut
these are due largely to local conditions,
such as bad roads mid farmers being too
busy with other stuff to bring in their po¬
tatoes. As near as we can learn, there
are a great many potatoes left in Michigan
and Now York State, to say nothing of the
Central West (which are usually not con¬
sidered commercial producing sections) to
cause any material advance in this terri¬
tory. We urge conservatism in tile making
of price at loading station — we believe that
farmers will best serve their own purposes
by not getting excited.
Cincinnati, O. the weil-brockman co.
~ — ~ Ui iv/CO 111 Lino
section to speak of. The fanners have sold
nearly all their stock, aud shipments now
are coming largely from Maine. Prices
there have advanced quite a little for the
past two weeks. I do not just know why
they have done so, as I understood that
there was a large quantity of potatoes left
back m Maine. The bad roads' may pos¬
sibly have something to do with it. ‘ How
tar this advance will continue I do uot
know, but cannot see why they should go
very much higher than they are at the
present time. It looks as though now
that they might go out in fairly good
shape, and if so southern new stock will of
course be in much better position than they
otherwise would had the markets continued
so low as they have been the past three
months. w. h. bloduet.
Worcester, Mass.
FRUIT NOTES,
The fruit outlook is good and the pros-
pect for a good crop up to the average.
Judging from the enthusiasm manifested
among tile farmers and fruit growers there
would be heavier plantings with no fears
of overproduction. While spraying may
he considered practical it is not practiced
extensively in this immediate vicinity, al¬
though on the increase, g. si g.
Ilolden, N. Y.
About all we can say at this early date,
on fruit outlook, is that there seems a good
prospect for an apple crop. The Fall was
a good one to ripen the wood, and the
buds seemed well developed. The Winter
has not been a severe one, and we shall
look for a crop from the trees which did
not bloom iu 1910. Only 40 per cent of
our trees were in fruit last season, and we
hope and expect to hear from them this
season. There will not be heavy planting
of new orchards in this section. The hired
help question is a serious one, and many
seem to retrench rather than to enlarge
their orchards. The apple show in Boston
a year ago was an object lesson to the
fruit growers here, it and the demand for
hotter apples has caused more work to l>e
done in the orchards. We think the pros¬
pect for the fruit business encouraging,
hut no one knows better than the fruit
grower the endless fight that is before any¬
one who wants good fruit; insects, fungi,
scale disease, etc., are increasing the ex¬
pense of a fruit crop each year.
Massachusetts. j. eames
MARK G. HIBBS, Pres’t Mfgrs. Distrib. Co.
* Pittsburgh’s Mail Order House ”
A WORD TO^OU who are trying to economize and reduce the high cost of living. You will be interested
in our Profit Sharing, 1' actory to Consumer” plan, of selling everything for the comfort and convenience of home
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Pittsburg’s Mail Order House” way.
THE KNOT THAT HOLDS
The secret of the strength
and wearing power of
Security Woven Wire
Fencing; lies in the fact
that it is not only manufac¬
tured from a special Basic
Open Hearth steel wire with
a heavy coating of commer¬
cial spelter (zinc) to keep it
from rusting, but iu the fur¬
ther fact that the cross wires
are fastened to t he mai n wi res
with the famous “Security’’ knot. The knot that holds every¬
thing solid because it can’t slip. It is the strongest and most
lasting fence made and the fence*5t pays to buy, as it will not
only resist the attacks of the most vicious animals but is just as
well adapted, without cutting or disfiguring, to uneven as level
ground. Put up in balesof 10, 20, 30 or 40 rods. Pricesrange
from 20^0 to 41,'n cents per rod. Catalogue free on request.
^ “““ ^ ^ tm — • -w.
BEST IN THE WORLD
SUN SHINE SPRAYING PUMP
This Pti mp No. 82 5 B with its solid brass
upper and lower cylinders, ail brass
plunger, brass valve seat and extra large
air chamber, capable of withstanding a
pressure as high as 200 lbs. per square
inch, meets every requirement of a
first class sprayer. Add to this the
fact that we furnish fixtures com¬
plete with 5 ft. of hose and spray nozzle
and you have a barrel spraying pump
that not only works easier but faster than
any other pump of its kind and has the
power to reach the tops of the highest
fruit trees. For efficiency and durability
it can not be excelled. ^7 Q O
Price . .
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE
Beat Corrugated Roofing made for Roofing.
Siding, Ceiling, Floors, Fire Shutters, Awnings
is our 28 gauge corrugated steel roofing with steel corru¬
gation 2'A inches from centre to centre and % inch deep,
weighing 68 pounds to the square painted and 85 pounds
galvanized. A roofing that is strong, durable and cheap
yet will wear a life-time. Requires only a hammer aud
a pair of trimmer shears to lay and is an absolute protec¬
tion against fire. Write for free catalogue with thou¬
sands of other good things.
Corrugated sheets 28 gauge 2% inch corru- 7C
gation painted both sides. Price per square, t* °* «*
Corrugated sheets 28 gauge 234inch corru- <tO Cfl
garion galvanized. Price per square . . . yO.D"
Buggies & Vehicles
We want every home to see
our line of vehicles. We sell
the highest grade of buggy
for the least money of any
dealer on earth, you Co be the
judge. After a careful ia-
3605 speetion if you are not fully
satisfied write us, as our broad guarantee of “Money back
if you want it” stands back of every vehicle in our big
Free Book. Big values in our No. 3605. Usually
sold at S70. We guarantee to save you (C*) CC
$16.15. Our price . ......
Strong Man” Gasoline Engine
The best and most
useful farm engine
ever offered. It is a
good, practical, easily
operated, up-to-date
engine that can be
used in aay and every
emergency where
power is needed. Every part is made of the best material
and easily accessible. The crank shaft being drop forged
and the connecting rod phosphor bronze bushing. It is
made on honor and for work and wear. Buy now.
1 H. P., $46.50 2 Y, H. P.. $82.00
_ 4 H. P„ $131.50 _
HARMONY PAINT
Harmony Paints come ready for the
brush and excel in beauty, durabi lity
and economy. They arc always
uniform, reliable and satisfactory.
They come put up in gallon cans.
5 gallon kits, A barrels and barrels.
Gloss white for outside. Flat white
for inside. Black and a full line of
beautiful colors. One gallon covers 300 sq. ft.. 2 coats.
Cards showing paints for all purposes sent on request.
Price per gallon. 95c. In barrel lots, 80 c per gallon.
LASTS LONGER THAN SHINGLES
Duk Bak rubber felt roofing is pliable,
strong and tough. Steam, gas or vapor does
“ot affect it and it can not rust, it will re¬
sist fire and outwear any other quality of
rubber felt roofing as it is provided with a
heavy coating of waterproofing material on
both sides. Will stand all climates and any
extreme of heat or cold. In rolls 32 inches
wide containing 108 square ft. Per roll,
1-ply $1.20, 2-ply $1.50, 3-ply $1.80.
Big Free Catalogue on request.
1233
HARNESS
Our claim for superiority
in the harness line is based
on twenty years of actual
experience, on keeping in
close touch with all the de¬
tails of the improved meth-
. ods of manufacture aid on
combining our own ideas with those of the man who uses the
harness. J his has enabled ns to reach the highest ideals in
perfect appointment and construction. We use the best oak
tanned leather that money can buy and the very highest stan¬
dard styles of mounting, nickel or composition, solid white
nickel, solid brass, Davis Rubber or genuine hard rubber,
even to the smallest buckle. Wc employ only the highest
grade of skilled mechanics, men used to all the modern appli¬
ances and accustomed to fast and systematic work. T his
means rapid production and enables us to give you a better
harness for less money than many so-called harness dealers
who have no working knowledge of the business. We
claim our No. 1233 for a medium weight 1
single strap low cut breast collar harness at V "
is a big bargain. If you don’t think It worth S18.00 you can
return it at our expense. Our Big Free Book is filled with
bargains. Write to-day.
THE SAMPSON STUMP PULLER
is the best hand-power machine made be¬
cause it requires no horses, is simple, dur¬
able, convenient and powerful. The wood
frame is made of selected white oak and the
lever bar, top hook and grips of cast steel.
Made to stand a strain of 65.000 lbs, to the
square inch and lift 80,000 lbs. It win
raise stumps, rocks or buildings and work
as well on hillsides as on level land, lx is
guaranteed to do the work safer, quicker
and better than any other stump puller of
equal size. One man can lift 20 tons, 2 can
work it to its full capacity. Satisfaction guaran- C A
teed or money and freight charges refunded. Price
Manufacturers Distributing Company Dept. H, Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
- _ “PIT TSBURGH’S MAIL ORDER HOUSE”
•474i,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
AN APRIL DAY.
All clay low-hung clouds have dropt
Their garnered fulness down ;
All day that soft gray mist hath wrapt
Hill, valley, grove and town.
There has not been a sound to-day
To break the calm of nature ;
Nor motion, I might almost say,
Of life or living creature ;
Of waving bough or warbling bird,
Or cattle faintly lowing;
I could have half believed I heard
The leaves and blossoms growing.
I stood to hear — I love it well —
The rain’s continuous sound.
Small drops, bat thick and fast they fell
Down straight into the ground.
For leafy thickness is not. yet.
Earth’s naked breast to screen,
Though every dripping branch is sot
With shoots, of early green.
Sure since I looked at early morn
Those honeysuckle buds
Have swelled to double growth ; that thorn
Hath put forth larger studs;
That lilac’s cleaving cones have burst,
The milk-white flowers revealing;
Even now upon my senses first
Mcthinks their sweets are stealing.
The very earth, the steamy air
Is all with fragrance rife,
And grace and beauty everywhere
Are flushing into life,
Down, down they come — those fruitful
stores !
Those earth-rejoicing drops !
A momentary deluge pours,
Then thins, decreases, stops ;
And ere the dimples on the stream
Have circled out of sight,
Lo ! from the west a parting gleam
Breaks forth of amber light.
But yet behold — abrupt and loud
Comes down the glittering rain ;
The farewell of a passing cloud,
The fringes of her train.
— Paraphrased from Geoffrey Chaucer.
*
One of our friends, who makes extra¬
good mutton broth, cuts into small
pieces the uncooked neck of mutton
used, covers with cold water, and puts
in the icebox overnight, putting it on
to cook slowly the next day. The im¬
mersion in cold water draws out a great
deal of nutriment before any of the
juices become coagulated by heat. After
its long slow cooking the broth is cooled
to remove the fat, then heated with
seasoning, shreds of vegetables, if de¬
sired, and some pearl barley. Such broth
will be liked by all, but is especially good
for aged or delicate persons. Beef for
Snaking beef tea is steeped in cold water
in the same way, to its great improve¬
ment.
*
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso,
Ind., served the students March 1 with
a special corn products dinner, which
is worthy of being copied. It included
sugar corn chowder, escalloped corn,
Illinois hominy, corn fritters with corn
syrup, corn pone, corn gems, corn loaf
bread, sweet corn on cob, cornstarch
pudding, salted popcorn. That menu is
certainly sufficiently varied and appe¬
tizing to make a confirmed meat-eater
.turn vegetarian. We think it offers a
good suggestion for local Granges.
Why not work up a rousing corn meet¬
ing, have some good speakers on corn
culture, and serve a corn supper? We
think it could be made very attractive,
and there is no doubt of its value, for
we cannot work up too much enthus¬
iasm regarding the great American
grain.
*
A correspondent who belongs to a
book and magazine club asks how the
covers of magazines can be re-enforced
so that they will not become torn and
defaced in passing from one member of
the club to another. Most publications
split loose at the back first of all, and
this can be prevented by pasting a strip
of firm muslin neatly down the back,
and lapping over on the covers ; it could
be done with library paste. A great deal
of wear is saved if each member of the
circle has a removable magazine cover
of linen or soft leather, to slip over the
periodical while in use. Many daily
commuters, who travel back and forth
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April S,
between New York and the suburbs,
have these slip covers for the books
and magazines they read on the train.
We should think, however, that in the
case of a circulating magazine club, it
would be well to attach a plain linen
cover before the periodical was circu¬
lated. We would like to hear from
some of our friends who belong to such
clubs, who can tell us how they protect
the circulated magazines from dilapida¬
tion.
*
“The difference between doughnuts
and crullers is that doughnuts are
raised with yeast and crullers with bak¬
ing powder or soda and sour milk,”
writes an anonymous correspondent, re¬
ferring to a recent note. We used to
have a similar impression, but refer¬
ence to various cook books show’s
“raised doughnuts,” which are raised
with yeast, and “doughnuts” without
that distinguishing adjective w’hich are
made with baking powder or sour milk
and soda. Even Mrs. Lincoln’s “Boston
Cook Book,” which surely should be an
authority, gives doughnuts with yeast,
and doughnuts with baking powder or
soda. So the mystery is still unsolved,
though we believe that oleykoeks, the
New Netherlands variant of the New
England doughnuts, w’ere always raised
with yeast.
*
The Nevada Experiment Station, ac¬
cording to its recent report, has been
called upon in the W'ar against the un¬
speakable bedbug, and gives the follow¬
ing advice :
In one instance already reported upon
fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas was
resorted to in order to cleanse the rooms in
question. Two fumigations at an interval
of ten days gave entirely satisfactory re¬
sults. Other rooms not so seriously in¬
fested w’ere treated with buhach and gaso¬
line. The latter substance proved especially
useful, and wms employed very freely. The
method of application was as follows : Two
gallons of gasoline were poured into the
brass supply tank of an automatic sprayer,
the air in the air chamber was compressed,
and the liquid was sprayed in a fine mist
along the edges of beds and mattresses,
behind curtains, on the backs of pictures,
and behind baseboards and picture mold¬
ings. All similar hiding places were treated
with buhach. The result was entirely sat¬
isfactory, but the proprietors of lodging
houses and similar institutions should ex¬
orcise eternal vigilance in regard to this in¬
sect. A number of these unsavory insects
were enclosed in glass tubes, and kept
under observation for weeks and months to
determine how’ long they could live without
food. As they lived from 21 to 180 days,
it is quite evident that in untenanted houses
they can live over considerable periods of
time.
Some Codfish Recipes.
Codfish and Potato Soup. — One cup
picked-up codfish, two cups mashed po¬
tato, one tablespoon ful butter, one pint
water, one pint milk. Thicken with one
tea poonful flour, which has been
blended smooth with a little milk.
Codfish and Tomato Soup. — One cup
picked-up codfish, two cups stewed to¬
matoes, one cup water. When it gets
hot add one-quarter teaspoon ful . sale-
ratus ; now add one pint of milk and a
tablespoon of butter.
Codfish on Toast. — One cup picked-up
codfish, l]/2 cup water, one large table¬
spoon butter ; thicken with two tea¬
spoonfuls flour. Pour over toasted
bread. Do not freshen the codfish in
any of these recipes, or add any salt.
MRS. K. B.
Creole Hamburg Steak.
Will you repeat iu the near future your
recipe for cooking Hamburg steak? It was
made into cakes with the addition of an
egg and some milk and crackers or bread
crumbs, fried and set back on range with
some stock and tomatoes added. I did not
add the tomatoes, for I do not care for
them much, but the meat was delicious.
We usually buy a round steak and grind it
ourselves. mus. m. b. m.
No doubt Creole Hamburg steak is
referred to. It requires V/2 pound of
lean beef, one onion, one egg, three
tablespoonfuls of milk, one cup of bread
crumbs, one teaspoon of salt, one-half
teaspoon of pepper, one cup of soup
stock and half a cup of tomatoes. Chop
the meat fine and add the onion, salt,
pepper, beaten egg and milk. Soak the
bread crumbs in hot water for five min¬
utes, then drain off the water, and add
the crumbs to the meat. Form into small
flat cakes and flour lightly. Heat some
drippings in -the frying pan, and when
hot put the meat cakes in the pan,
brown one side, then turn and brown
the other. Add the tomatoes and stock
or hot water, cover the pan, and draw
back to where it will cook more slowly
until the meat is well done, and the
liquid is reduced one-half. Serve on a
hot platter, pouring the gravy over the
meat.
Crullers and Doughnuts.
I notice that T. J. K., on page 326,
asks for recipe for crullers. The follow¬
ing is a good old New England one:
Two eggs thoroughly beaten, six table¬
spoonfuls of sugar, six tablespoonfuls of
thin cream, one level teaspoon ful bak¬
ing powder, a little salt, and flour
enough to roll thin. Cut in pieces with
pastry jagger or knife about two inches
by three and cut these pieces in fingers.
Fry in hot lard.
Our recipe for doughnuts was differ¬
ent from any I ever saw in print, and
some one might like it as well as we
do : One egg, one cup of sugar, one
cup of milk, one teaspoonful baking
powder, salt and flour to make as soft a
dough as you can handle. The milk
should be as good as new milk, but
use no shortening, as that makes the
cakes absorb fat, and they are not as
good. N. L. H.
The place for our light to shine tht
brightest is where it is needed the most.
— Ram’s Horn.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
Direct fromFactory, Freight Prepaid
and Guaranteed by the Manufacturer
You cau buy a Gold Ooiu Stove from us #5 to
#20 less than dealer’s
prices. W’e pay freight:
safe delivery insured,
polished and all ready
to set up.
“Satisfaction or your
money back any time
within 1 year”
is our written
guaranty.
Free Catalog
— / llustrates
all our Stores.
Gives Price
List and tells our
Plan and Offer.
Send for it.
Gold Coin Stove Co.
3 Oak St. Troy, N. Y.
HOLDS THE CLOTHES LINE TIGHT
No knots to tic or untie. You just pull and let go.
No props required. SAMSON GRIPS can’t slip or
injure the line. Make women independent ; no
coaxing men folk to put out the line. Every home
needs SAMSON GRIPS. Write for. our special
money making proposition for agents. Sample
set, 25c. Stamps taken.
OLIVER ELECTRIC CO., Inc.,
204 Hale Bldg., Philadelphia. Pa.
Pumps Air Through Clothes %
Syracuse “EASY** Washer uses
vacuum principle and forces air
and suds through the clothes.
Cleans perfectly without pulling,
hauling or tearing. Built to last a
lifetime. Write today for Free Laundry
Recipes and 30-Day Free Trial Offer.
DODGE & ZUILL, 224 M Dillaye
Building, Syracuse, N. Y., or Easy
Washer Co.# Bruce and Dundas
Streets, Toronto, Canada.
10 DAYS FREE TRIAL
We ship on approval without a cent
deposit, freight prepaid. DON’T
PAY A CENT if you ere not satisfied
after using the bicycle 10 days.
a bicycle or a pair
of tires from an yone
at any price until you receive our latest
art catalogs illustrating every kind of
bicycle, and have learned our unheard of
prices and marvelous new offers.
is all it will cost you to
write a postal and every¬
thing will be sent you free postpaid by
roturn mail. You will get much valuable in¬
formation. Do not wait, write it now
TIRES, Coaster - Brake rear
wheels, lamps, sundries at half usual prices.
Mead Cycle Co # Dept, wao Chicago
DO NOT BUY
ONE CENT
,ee
In
Select
Company
It’s the very nature of a soda
cracker to absorb moisture and
foreign odors.
That’s why the ordinary soda cracker
remained so long in obscurity.
The advent of Uneeda Biscuit and the moisture-
proof and odor-repelling package changed
all this — for Uneeda Biscuit, the perfect
soda cracker, keeps select company
— its own.
To-day the goodness, the
freshness and body-build¬
ing virtues of Uneeda
Biscuit are acclaimed
in tenement and
mansion.
Never Sold
in Bulk
Mf:
moisture-proof J
package jjj|j
’-io;:;.' ;V.:: •' ,'v
iiAriollB MscuiT COMPANY |
1911.
THE RURAIs NEW-YORKER
476
Bayberry Candles.
I have long wished to know the process
of making the old-fashioned sweet-scented,
and (in these days) highly valued candles
from the berries of the wax myrtle or
bayberry. I have quantities of it growing
on my place. Last Fall, several months
before Christmas, I wrote to a monthly
household paper which I take, hoping to
be able to make some for gifts and for
myself. They never took any notice what¬
ever of my request. If you can give me
the information I wish, or tell me where I
can tind it, I shall be very grateful.
MRS. j. e. c.
The berries are gathered as soon
as they mature, but they will keep in¬
definitely in a dry place, and the candles
may be made whenever convenient. To
prepare the wax the berries should be
placed in a preserving kettle, with an
equal quantity of cold water, and boiled
steadily for four hours, the kettle being
filled up with hot water as it boils down.
After the boiling should come an hour
of simmering, and then the kettle should
be set back, where the contents will keep
hot for a while before being set away for
the night The berries should not be re¬
moved from the kettle nor disturbed in
any way, as this causes the wax to sink
to the bottom. In the morning, if these
directions have been carefully followed,
the wax will have formed a firm hard
cake on the top of the water. It must
then be remelted and strained to free it
from impurities. Melt slowly and pass
through a wire strainer. Let it become
quite cold again, remelt and strain
through cheesecloth or lawn.
While this is going on the moulds
may also be in process of preparation.
These are made by rolling paper several
times around a wax candle of the de¬
sired size, taking care to keep the edges
perfectly even, glueing it securely and
closing the lower end with a disk of
paper slashed to a circle which just fits
the end of the mould. The mould is
placed upon the circle, and the laps of
the slashed border are turned up, folded
over one another in regular order and
carefully glued. The circle may be
traced by using another candle of the
same size as that around which the
paper is wrapped. The candle is now
taken from the mould, melted, poured
back again, and then emptied out at
once. This gives a coating of wax,
which prevents the paper from absorb¬
ing the precious bayberry wax. After
this the bottom of the mould may be
perforated exactly in the center to admit
the passage of the wick. The wick is
made by braiding the candle wick which
comes in balls for the purpose. One end
is waxed and threaded through the hole
in the bottom of the mould from the out¬
side. The outer end is separated, and
the three strands are spread out over
the bottom of the mould on the outside
and glued. Another disk, slightly larger
than the first, with a slashed border, is
placed over them, and the laps are turned
up and glued.
A frame to hold the moulds can be
made by cutting holes of suitable size in
the bottom of a box, and, after they
have been placed in it the wicks should
be drawn up taut and secured by means
of a hatpin passing through them and
resting in notches cut on either side of
each mould. The moulds are now ready
for the wax, which should be melted
slowly, and not allowed to get hot
enough to smoke. As it cools in the
moulds it will settle a little, leaving a
hollow, which should be filled up each
time it appears. The candles should be
left in the moulds until they are hard,
hut not quite cold. Then each layer of
the bottom should be removed with a
penknife and the rest of the paper peeled
off spirally. The bottom end of the
wick should be cut off close to the can¬
dle and the top to within an inch of it.
It takes a quart of bayberries for each
candle. Of course a regular metal mould
may be used if one has it; many New
England housekeepers possess this, but
the bayberry candles ordinarily seen are
the size called short sixes, meant for
iancy candlesticks, rather than the eights
used as bedroom candles.
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
The first group includes 68S5, house
jacket, 34 to 44 bust. 4% yards of
material 27 inches wide, 3 yards 36, 2 y2
yards 44, y2 yard of silk for trimming,
for medium size. 6963, over waist with
tunic for misses and small women. 14,
16 and 18 years. The material required
is 3^4 yards 27 inches wide or 2l/2 yards
36 or 44 inches wide, for the 16 year
size. 6945, child’s one-piece apron,
closed on shoulders, 4, 6 and 8 years.
1 yard of material 27 or 36 inches wide,
1/4 yard of banding, for 6 year size.
6966, girl’s coat, with or without sailor
collar. 4 yards of material 27 inches
wide, 3 yards 36 or 2 yards 44 inches
wide, with 4 l/2 yards of braid. Sizes 10,
12 and 14 years. 6835, two-piece skirt
for misses and small women, 14, 16 and
18 years. 3 yards of material 24 or 27
inches, wide, 2 yards 44 or 52, for 16
year size; price of each 10 cents.
The second group shows 6861, men’s
house coat, 34 to 44 breast 4% yards
of material 27 inches wide, 2% yards 44,
2 yards 52, with 7 yards of cord for
trimming for medium size. 6475, boy’s
Norfolk suit, 8 to 14 years. 5*4 yards
of material 27 inches wide, 4 yards 44
or 3 yards 52, for 12 year size. 6729,
fancy waist, 34 to 40 bust. 1% yard of
mater 21 or 24 inches wide, Y& yard 36
or 44 for yoke with sleeves, 1 yard 21
or 24, §4 yard 36 or 44 for full portions,
1J4 yard of lace for tucker and under¬
sleeves to make as illustrated, 1 yard of
all-over lace for yoke and long uiider-
sleeves for medium size. 6791, circular
triple skirt, 22 to 30 waist. 5J4 yards
of material 24 or 27 inches wide, 3J4
yards 44, 2% yards 52 for the circular
flounce, 3j4 yards 24 or 27, 1^4 yard 44
or 52 for foundation, width of skirt at
lower edge 2^4 yards, for medium size.
6827, three-piece skirt, with high or
natural waist line, 22 to 30. 4)/2 yards
of material 24 or 27 inches wide, 2^4
yards 44 or 52, for medium size. 6330,
tucked negligee, 34 to 44. The quantity
of material required for the medium
size is 3*4 yards 24 or 32, 2*4 yards 44
inches wide, 5?4 yards of banding, 2l/2
yards of ribbon; price of each pattern
10 cents.
More About Poison Ivy.
I have noticed that none of the senders
of the various remedies for ivy poison¬
ing that have appeared in The R. N.-Y.
during the last three years have advised
applying these remedies hot. There is a
great deal of the poison ivy in the vicin¬
ity of my home, and as I am very sus¬
ceptible to its effects I have frequent
opportunity to try various cures. Sev¬
eral remedies have proved equally effi¬
cacious, but, in my own case at least, the
cure is wonderfully hastened by making
the application as hot as can be borne,
and the heat is very soothing and grate¬
ful to the itching, burning surface. A
saturated solution of powdered sugar of
lead in 50 per cent alcohol, or one part
chloride of lime in about 15 parts water,
or a teaspoonful each of bicarbonate of
soda and household ammonia in a cup
of water, these are all good remedies,
applied very hot. I find the sugar of
lead in alcohol the speediest cure.
LOUISE PRINCE FREEMAN.
The Bookshelf.
The Outlook to Nature, by’ Prof. L.
H. Bailey. This book contains, in re¬
vised form, four lectures given as part
of the University Course, under the
auspices of the Education Committee of
the Twentieth Century Club. The lec¬
tures are grouped under the following
titles: “The Realm of the Common¬
place “City and Country ;” “The
School of the Future;” “Evolution in
Quest of Truth.” All are marked by
Professor Bailey’s freshness of outlook
and felicity of expression, and also
strike the genuine note in country life.
There is a vast difference between the
author who writes of the country be¬
cause it is fashionable to “get back to
the land,” and the man in whom love of
rural life is the spontaneous utterance of
the hearty Few could read “The Realm
of the Commonplace” without feeling
that it put a new and permanent gilding
upon the simple happenings of everyday
life, while “The School of the Future”
might well be studied by parents and
teachers alike. A sound and whole¬
some book that should hold a perman¬
ent place in the family reading. Pub¬
lished by the Alacmillan Company, New
York; 195 pages; price $1.25 net; post¬
age 12 cents additional.
MR FOR
PRINTS
You cannot afford to waste
the cost of dress-making by
spending it on inferior
fabrics.
Simpson -Eddystone
Silver Grey Prints
are the cotton dress-goods of
beautiful appearance, lasting
quality, and true economy.
These standard calicoes have
artistic designs printed deep
in fadeless color on well
woven fabrics. They are
v- backed by 68 years’ experi-
™ ence ana skill. “Worth
making up.”
Show this advertisement to yonr
dealer when you order, and don't
accept substitutes. If not in your
dealer’s stock write us his name
and address. We’ll help him
supply you.
The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philad’a
Founded 1842 byWrn.Simpson SR
TAPESTRY
WOOL, 9 x
Art Squares— 9 x 12
ft., $3.2S up. Fine
Smyrna Rugs— 9 j
12 ft., $6.98. Mat
ting — from 18c a yard
up. Oil Cloth — 24c a
yard up. Linoleum— 41c
a sq. yard and up. Brus¬
sels Carpets— 10c a yard
up.
Just think! Floor
coverings as fine
as can be made-
beautiful, long last-
Quar an teed, with
bright, fadeless colors—
at regular manufactur¬
er's prices , one-third to
one-half less than retail!
We buy in big lots. You
know that saves money.
Roxboroilh Rugs
Tlict O O Kifr 1 n . .
Just as big bargains in
Body Brussels, Axmin-
■ters. Velvets, Ingrains,
Wiltons, Rag Carpets,
Carpet Linings, Cocoa
Mats and Lace Curtains.
Talk about handsome
patterns! We have
them for parlor,
bedroom, dining
room and kitchen. _
ROXBOROLGH RUG CO., Dept. 377 , Philadelphia, Pa.
Get a postal right now,
and write for our hand¬
some illustrated cata¬
logue. It tells all about
each article and gives
you the exact low price.
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Wherever You Live— Write
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A Personal
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the average
home lover needs
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A high color
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with either
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Price, $11.95
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month
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A complete Bed OutfiJ
consisting of heavy,
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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 8,
Some Bird Literature.
Twenty years ago, if one wanted to
get any accurate idea of the bird world,
the first need was to buy a copy of Mr.
Elliott Coues’ “Key to North American
Birds,” a volume costing $7.50, and (as
I compare the memory of it with books
upon my shelves) having 600 to 800
pages, and weighing between three and
four pounds. This work is exhaustive
as to plumage, structure, classification
and all scientific details, but not more
interesting as reading matter than is a
dictionary. It is eminently useful for
identifying specimens in the hand and
indispensable to those seeking for thor¬
ough scientific knowledge of birds.
Wishing to learn about the habits,
songs and individuality of the feathered
friends in our woods and dooryards, I
bought instead “A Popular Handbook
of the Ornithology of the United States
and Canada,” a work edited by Monta¬
gue Chamberlain and based upon “Nut-
tail’s Manual.” As Thomas Nuttall died
in 1859, and as he was a born bird-lover
with a wonderful eye for distinguishing
traits and as remarkable an ear for bird
notes, his writings have the charm of
the classics. Mr. Chamberlain's work
was to introduce the scientific accuracy
to which the study had advanced in
1891, the date my books bear, for it is
a two-volume manual, costing in the
neighborhood of $7, a price I could ill
afford to spend, but my Nuttall has
proved a joy forever. Let me puzzle for
hours over some bird mystery and then
go to him for light, and there will 1
find the very notes or ways I have de¬
tected, all charmingly described. Then I
am sure of my bird's name and of what
my own eyes or ears thought they ob¬
served (bird study, like some other
things, often leading the too credulous
to jump into false conclusions).
The years that followed the republica¬
tion of Nuttall’s works saw such charm¬
ing writers as Dr. Charles Abbott of
New Jersey; Mrs. Olive Thorne Miller,
principally in New England, and Mr.
Frank Chapman, of New York City, all
putting forth, one after another, books
about birds. Those delightful essayists,
also, John Burroughs and Bradford
Torrey, were contributing most beguil¬
ing pages of bird observation to the
magazines and making us long to buy
all their collected papers when put forth
between book covers. We soon learned
to treasure up all of Dr. C. Hart Mer-
ri'am’s wisdom that came in our way,
and to think the books written by Miss
Florence Merriam all too few, and
among the most delightful we knew.
Some of these writers set their skill to
the task of making hand-books for
student’s use. Each will have its special
merits for those wdio use it. For myself
nothing in the way of a one-book guide
has ever seemed more practical than
Frank Chapman’s “Bird-life.”
But there are various handbooks less
expensive to buy and dealing with more
restricted areas, but well worth owning.
The Agricultural Experiment Station of
North Carolina gives in Bulletin No.
144 a list with notes covering the ornith¬
ology of that State, and equally useful in
the surrounding country. Colorado puts
forth, in Bulletin No. 37, an equally in¬
teresting resume concerning its bird-
wealth, with list of publications, and so
forth. No doubt other experiment sta¬
tions can furnish similar handbooks, and
those who have even a budding interest
in birds should inquire what their State’s
agricultural station has to meet their
needs. All such should also send at
once to Washington, D. C., for Bulletins
No. 3, No. 54, and No. 9, addressing the
Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture. With - merely the Bulletin
No. 54 in hand any farmer, or his wife,
or children, may get a bowing acquaint¬
ance with perhaps 20 of those birds most
common and most noticeable about the
farm, for the pictures, though uncol¬
ored, have painstaking accuracy. The
text has to do with food habits, but once
you know a bird by sight you may, if so
fortunate to dwell -where it is seen fre¬
quently, study out songs, dates of arrival
and choice of nesting sites for yourself.
It would be well, for teachers especially,
to correspond with the nearest Audu¬
bon Society, as pamphlets and other pub¬
lications might be learned about. The
Audubon Bird Charts (two series) each
show 26 of our best-loved birds in form,
coloring and pose so natural as to make
their recognition in the flesh almost un¬
avoidable. Every school room where
these are not owned should purchase
them from the Massachusetts Audubon
Society, 234 Berkeley Street. Boston,
Mass. And “every teacher finding these
charts hanging to fade and grow monot¬
onously tiresome all Winter should lay
them away until April, when for three
months they will be sources of interest
and help.
One of the best books ever issued in
the interest of bird study in a prescribed
locality is Mrs. L. W. Maynard’s “Birds
of Washington and Vicinity.” The de¬
scriptions are noticeably simple and ac¬
curate, and the text shows abundant
reading, as well as the best of first-hand
knowledge. Frank Chapman’s ingenious
“F'ield Key to Our Common Land
Birds” is included. Though a dollar
book, it is well worth its cost to a bird-
lover of Maryland or Virginia, and will
answer well as a manual for the student.
Some years ago the J. E. Williams Co.,
of Amherst, Mass., published an inex¬
pensive handbook in paper covers, giv¬
ing descriptions and brief mention of
arrival, eggs, nests, songs and food of
“The Birds of Amherst,” and nearly the
whole of Hampshire Co., Mass. There
are reasons why the smaller “Guide,”
dealing only with the species one is
likeliest to see is the least confusing of
all helpers in identifying a feathered
stranger. We are ambitious to own the
key in which every possible specimen is
listed, and then we fall into the way of
going first to our handy little local sum¬
mary where the thing we want to know
is not buried deep amid hundreds we
don’t want to know. a. m. t.
My Garden Mistakes.
The seed catalogues are coming in,
and I am forgetting the snow that blan¬
kets the garden spots and seeing instead
such thrifty rows of peas and beets,
corn and tomatoes as never grew ex¬
cept at this season of the year and seen
only in the mind’s eye.
"Now, what were those mistakes?” I
asked myself. “What were the garden
iollies I meant never to be guilty of
again? I remember thinking them over
last Fall, and 1 wish I had written them
down. Oh, now I recollect !”
One folly was the petting of a tomato
plant which came up beside something
in the window garden. I potted it off
after a while, and if became a vigorous
young thing, looking as if it boasted it¬
self as ’way ahead of the small seedlings
a friend gave me. She had sowed a
panful of early and late sorts, and baby
seedlings, set in flats, and then potted
off, gave me good plants for my garden
rows when danger of frost was over.
But from my one house-grown seedling
1 expected great things, because it had
such an early start and because I gave
ii a place in the flower bed south of the
house and a rustic support to climb upon.
It was too late to set a Clematis there
when the rose had been cleared away.
"But I will surprise the family with
early tomatoes,” said I, and was proud
of my great, thrifty plant. Busy days
came on, but I tied my tomato to its
frame and watched it grow. But some¬
how my garden plants gave me ripe to¬
matoes, while its few clusters of fruit
were still gaining shape and color. The
soil of the flower bed was too rich and
more vine than fruit was the result, there
was no gain in earliness and finally the
variety proved undersized, though fair
and smooth. So no more pet seedling
tomatoes.
Another thing I came to regret was
tl'.at I had planted early string beans
next to late sweet corn. The beans being
gene, I sowed late beets in the row, and
my tall sweet corn shaded the land
badly. In a large garden these things
would not matter, but I like to have
long rows, and so can have only one
or two of each sort of vegetable. The
•matter of keeping the ground occupied
up to the end of the season is one I
never quite succeeded in. Cabbage and
turnips I can get from field-grown lots.
The late beets did only fairly well but
might have grown faster if farther away
from the corn. Beets, we ’find, can
scarcely be too small for canning, and
the little just-grown ones are much
more sweet and tender than the big,
coarser-fibered ones that have been
growing since Spring. Kale makes a
very good space filler. Lettuce can be
used, but we seem to have lost relish for
it after tomatoes and other salad mate¬
rial is plenty.
One mistake I certainly shall not re¬
peat was the planting of one long row of
sweet corn at a time. I did not know,
until I read it somewhere, that the cross
fertilization that takes place where sev¬
eral rows of corn stand side by side is
quite essential if one would grow well-
filled ears.
And did I make the soil too rich for
my Dahlias where they gave me twisted
buds that developed upon only one side?
[“Blasting” of Dahlia buds often results
from an enfeebled root system combined
with too rapid soft growth of top. It is
usually the result of liberal watering
without stirring the surface of the soil.
Many growers think it better to give fre¬
quent surface cultivation rather than ar¬
tificial watering. The dust mulch is
helpful to the Dahlia, which will endure
many deficiencies of soil so long as it is
not baked hard. — Eds.] There was a
time, when the plants were about a foot
high, when they seemed to feel life a
failure, but after a while all recovered
and grew vigorously. I fancied that the
Dahlias demanded very rich soil, but
perhaps I did not have the well-rotted
and deeply plowed-in compost they like.
1 rather like having my Dahlias in the
vegetable garden. My plan was to pick
every bloom and to keep a great bowlful
on the sitting-room table. If I had been
selling vegetables I should have sent the
Dahlias to market along with other
things. But I would have been careful
to bunch the pink and crimson sorts to¬
gether and the scarlet and white ones by
themselves. Just yellow and white
blossoms make lovely bouquets, or white
Dahlias with some fine green foliage.
But to mingle crimson and scarlet is a
hideous color discord.
And now as I study my seed cata¬
logues I am wondering how many of my
1911 plans will need to be repented of
next Fall. Shall I make a failure in
trying to.grow a few dwarf Cupid sweet
peas beside my radishes and lettuce? I
should so love picking a fragrant hand¬
ful each morning for the breakfast table.
And is it safe to set tomatoes a third
season where I have such a convenient
place for resting the tops of old bean¬
poles against some tall poultry-netting
fence? It has been such a fine place for
tying them up, and easy to add a circle
of two-foot poultry netting and so pro¬
tect them from the hens. But the to¬
matoes there last season seemed a trifle
less vigorous than those on fresh soil.
I know that it is always advisable to
change the Lima beans from the place
they grew the year before, but how about
tomatoes? I find mustard recommended
•for boiling like spinach, and wonder if
the sort one can plant in “Summer or
Early Fall” would not be a good thing
to follow peas and lettuce. Shall I make
a mistake in planting mustard for
greens? [Mustard and cress, planted
together, is always the very first Spring
salad with many old-fashioned English
gardeners. It is also sown in shallow
boxes and and grown in the window. —
Eds.]
Last Summer as I would come up
from my garden in the dewy morning
with a basket filled with handsome vege¬
tables of various sorts, and topped by a
handful of Dahlia blossoms, I would
own to myself that whatever mistakes
I made there was none in having a gar¬
den in which to experiment and grow
wise. PRUDENCE PRIMROSE.
A Batch of Pancakes.
Buckwheat Cakes. — Two cups butter¬
milk, one cup buckwheat flour, one cup
flour, two teaspoonsful sugar, one tea¬
spoonful salt, one level teaspoon of sal-
eratus. These are more wholesome than
cakes made of all buckwheat. I make
graham cakes the same way, using one
cup of graham flour in place of the
buckwheat.
Cornmeal Cakes. — Two cups butter¬
milk, one-half cup cornmeal, cups
of flour, two teaspoonsfuls sugar, two
eggs, one tablespoon fill melted butter,
one teaspoon salt, one level teaspoon
saleratus.
Flannel cakes I make of all white flour,
using sweet milk and baking powder,
eggs, sugar, salt and butter.
MRS. K. B.
Where are the great, whom thou wouldst
wish to praise thee?
Where are the pure, whom thou wouldst
choose to love thee?
Where are the brave to stand supreme
above thee?
Whose high commands would cheer, whose
chidings raise thee?
Seek, seeker, in thyself, submit to find
In the stones bread, and life in the blank
mind.
— Arthur Hugh Clough.
This Work Shoe
Wears Like
the Hoofs of
a Horse
The Haskin-
Granger Shoe
is strictly a
work shoe for
farmers.
The uppers
are made of the stoutest leathers
known to shoemakers, genuine
French Kip. oil-tanned moose, calf,
etc. The outsoles are of specially
selected, hemlock-tanned steer’s
hide, pegged to equally solid leather
insoles. We purposely avoid sewing
on our soles. The best linen thread in
the world will not withstand the wet
rotting of stable refuse and manure.
We use brass standard screws and
old-fashioned maple pegs that shrink
and swell with the leather and
always keep a water-tight bottom.
The
Haskin-Granger
Shoe
is not to be confused with the ordi¬
nary mail order shoe. The Haskin-
Granger shoe is made in our own
factory under expert supervision.
We are making the most sensible
and serviceable farm shoe in the
world. We are selling direct to the
farmer and eliminating all middle
profits. We stand back of every shoe
we make and guarantee perfect sat¬
isfaction or money refunded.
Write Dept. A for illustrations of
leading styles with full descriptions
and prices.
For our responsibility refer to the
Citizen’s Trust Co.,
Utica, N. Y., or any
bank in Utica.
The Haskin Shoe
Mfg. Company
Sfiftville
Mc.w York
Write for
FREE
Style Book
Save $8
Suit or
Overcoat
Direct
from Mill
$10 to
$18
(Maile-to-Order )
Worth
$18 to $30
You can wear clothes as stylish as can be
bought on Fifth Avenue. New York, and pay
for them at living prices, because we save yo.u
the middleman’s profit. Our suits and coats
are of fine material, and are handsomely
tailored.
We pay express charges East of Mississippi
and make allowances West of it.
Our book offers a wide variety of patterns
from which to choose. A post-card request
brings it to you.
GLEN ROCK WOOLEN CO.
2ns Main Street Somerville, N. J.
AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
SENT ON TRIAL, FULLY
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made, easy running separator for
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handsome free catalog. Address
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. BA.
95
AND UP-
WARD
j [ Be An » Independent Buyer Spend One Cent For
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TRADE MARK REGISTERED
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Oven Thermom¬
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Baking Easy
Our Big Free Stove and Range Book gives you our
factory wholesale prices and explains all— saving you
£5 to £40 on any famous Kalamazoo stove or range,
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Over 140,000 satisfied cus¬
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<911.
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
477
Look for the Victor dog 1
on every ^ . . m, every ■
Victor ^ Victor- Victrola
^fvem'
Victor J
| $25 ' I
Other styles
$10 to $100
and on every
Victor Record
V icfcor- Victrola X* $75
Victor-Victrola XI, $100
The Victor tone stands today without an equal in the world
of music. Such sweetness and richness of tone were never known
before in any musical instrument, and can be secured now only
through the combined use of the Victor and Victor Records.
-L _J i That’s why the world’s greatest art-
r - • J-~~ ists make records only for the Victor. ^ v~
That’s why you should be sure to jL..
get the Victor and Victor Records — g jf" PTTI ^
why it is important to look for the #1 J |U I
famous Victor trademark. Jj i! ji f
Go today to any Victor dealer’s and he will g p jj|
gladly play any Yictor music you want to hear. I if | j
Make your own selections from the Victor catalog 1 ‘ r— — :
I the dealer will give you, or write us for a copy. » j
©3> I And be sure to hear |
[ the Victor- Victrola | ^
Victor Talking Machine Co. I
/ f 20th and Cooper Sts., Camden, N. J. 1
1 Berliner Gramophone Co.. Montreal, Canadian Distributors B
.M To gel best results, use only M j
Victor Needles on Victor Records m~ W ------ -
Victor - Victrola
Victor- Victrola X VJ, $200 \Janrf $2SQ
A His Masters Voice /
Charity Sweetheart’s Letter.
The Spring sunshine stirs one’s
blood, and I am not content to sit in
the house and sew. There is a new charm
in Nature, and new delights in her un¬
folding of the tender leaves. But what
is called sometimes “Spring fever”
comes too, a feeling of tiredness, a lack
of the vigor that keeps one going in the
cool, bracing weather, and a failure of
appetite. Everything tastes alike, and
one wearies of the same old pudding and
revolts at a “stew.” So when I came in
the other day from clearing up the yard
a bit, and found there was no fresh meat
in the house, I determined to make some
macaroni croquettes, which I had seen
recommended, and they were certainly
very appetizing. The first thing was to
melt two tablespoonfuls of butter and
stir in flour, about three or four spoon¬
fuls, then add a cup of hot milk and
cook till rather thick, adding salt and
pepper and two tablespoonfuls of
grated cheese. Take from the fire and
stir in the beaten yolks of four eggs
and a cupful of cold boiled macaroni
cut into very small pieces. I turned it
out to cool, then cut into croquettes and
dipped in beaten egg, fried them in hot
fat, and we add enjoyed the change,
though “Minty” said, “Why, Charity,
they took more time and work than fry¬
ing pork, but they’re very nice.” And
Brother laughed and said, “You women
are always wanting to get something
new.”
A neighbor came in to supper and we
had some stewed prunes that she said
did not taste like hers, and I told her
that we simmered them for 12 hours on
the back of the stove with a little granu¬
lated sugar added, to bring out the
flavor. We keep the lid on the saucepan,
but never let them boil, and sliced lemon
is an improvement. Aunt Agnes Draper
came over the other day; she is one of
those helpful old souls that everybody
calls “Auntie,” and we always enjoy one
of her visits. While we were washing
the dishes a small boy came in, asking
for a little milk, and when he was gone
she said :
“I was real glad you didn’t skim it.
Charity; so many people only give away
the blue skim-milk of human kindness.”
1 laughed and said I didn’t think about
it.
“No,” she said, “I know you didn’t.
You’re not built that way, neither was
your mother before you. She never
spoiled a favor by being ungracious
about it.”
I was pleased to have Mother’s good¬
ness remembered by her old friends; it
seemed to do me good, and I thought
one might take the lesson to heart, for in
our kindness toward each other, there is
often a good deal of “skimming” done,
a hint or manner that takes the cream
from a kindly deed.
The burdens of the housekeeper in¬
crease with the lengthening days, as
Spring work looms up in the near dis¬
tance, but I have determined not to be
overwhelmed, and to take one day at a
time, not to crowd two days into one.
If we only have health, we can vary
the tasks before us, and plan what is
best, instead of plodding along with our
heads down. “Minty” never cared about
gardening so I have made a bargain
with her to get the breakfast and dinner
and let me work outside, for I enjoy
clearing up, and sowing seeds. One
thing that I learned in The R. N.-Y. is
to have a fair trial this season, and that
is when sowing the first green peas to
put a hill of sweet corn every few feet
in the row. If no cold weather comes to
check its growth it will be very early
and can have the ground when the peas
are done, and if cold does come it can
be resown if nipped. There is quite a
demand for green peas shelled, at the
hotels, some people having a prejudice
against the canned goods, and it is my
'ntention to put in an eighth of an acre
of them, and if they do well, I can do
the shelling in the afternoons instead of .
embroidery. It is clean, tidy work, and
1 can sit out of doors under the trees,
and feel that I am not idle. But this is
<tll in the future; how thankful we
should be for the comfort we find in an¬
ticipation, though Brother says I am
often given to counting my chickens “be¬
fore they are hatched.”
And speaking of chickens reminds me
that I am quite envious of the success
with poultry that I read about in The
R. N.-Y. the past Winter, for our hens
have never done so badly. They are
the same breed, are not over-crowded,
kept in the same house, fed the same
food as other Winters, but we have had
very few eggs, while some of our neigh¬
bors who give them less care, have had
eggs for market. I do not like to give
up a problem and am always anxious to
know wherein I fail, but cannot think of
anything except that a strange ill-tem¬
pered boy fed them while Brother was
away in early Winter. But they laugh
at me when I suggest such a reason for
the falling off in eggs, yet I have read
that a change of attendant, if the later
one is rough and surly, will sometimes
stop the supply. Now they are laying
well, and using their freedom to investi¬
gate the garden, where I am sure they
do good at this season of the year,
when they enjoy a change of food and
insect life is astir in the soil. Oh, the
joy of the early Spring days! All nature
is being renewed, and as I hear in my
consciousness the call of the garden,
leading to fresh endeavor, all weariness
leaves me and I am ready to be
“Up and doing,
With a heart for any fate.”
CHARITY SWEETHEART.
A Word For the Rag Carpet.
A great many people think a rag
carpet not worth bothering with. It is
all a matter of skill in the making,
whether “a thing of beauty” or just a
shabby floor covering. I made my first
rag carpet 30 years ago. It was a stripe,
but I was too economical to use much
coloring, and it never could be called
handsome, though it was used on our
dining room for 10 years, and then
ripped and washed, doing duty in the
kitchen for three years more, washing
and turning until it was worn out. My
next carpet was a hit or miss, and it
was a miss. As before I used very little
coloring, and as most of the rags were
faded there was no contrast. I used it
for a few years and then gave it away
and bought an ingrain. I wanted no
more rag carpets. Last Summer the
dining room floor again needed covering
and there was very little money to spare
at that time to buy another carpet.
Looking over the accumulation of old
clothes I saw there was plenty of ma¬
terial for a carpet, and I decided to
make a rug for the center of the room,
that and a strip to put in front of the
bed in the little room off it would take
20 yards. I cut 10 pounds of black rags,
mostly men’s working shirts and my
black calico dresses. I would need 30
pounds of rags for that amount of car¬
pet. The other 20 pounds were white
and light faded pieces; these I colored
red, green and yellow, eight pounds of
red and six pounds each of green and a
lemon yellow. I used an old tin dishpan
to color in, and used two packages of
each color. I put in as many rags as I
could stir and cover, and when they
were done put some more rags in the
same dye and kept it boiling until it was
pretty well evaporated. The second
batch was a lighter shade but very
pretty. This carpet is a hit or miss. I
tore the pieces as large as possible, and
all small ones were caught together with
a few stitches. When they were all
dyed I weighed them out in four dif¬
ferent piles of each color, then mixed
each quarter well, and then began to
sew. I sewed them on the machine, had
the ends of all rags square, and lap
about a quarter of an inch.
Do not have any ends sticking up, or
your carpet will look rough. Don’t use
seams or any dirty rags, and don’t tear
them too coarse. A carpet is nicer made
of all cotton rags. I have kept my
woolen pieces for rugs. If you mix
them, the woolen ones wear out much
sooner and make a carpet look bad. I
like either yellow or white warp; it
makes a carpet look bright and clean.
A pound of warp to every three yards
is the rule. I painted the bedroom
floor yellow, two coats; it is onlv 10x12,
and just room for a bed and washstand
with a strip of carpet between, and so
easy to keep clean. The dining room
has a strip of three feet painted all
around the wall, and my new rug in the
middle, and is the admiration of all who
see it. When I got through my color¬
ing I found so many pieces of faded
ginghams and light calicoes that were
strong and had taken the dye so well
that it seemed a pity to use them for
carpet rags. I had an old quilt that I
wanted to cover. I tore these pieces up
into six-inch strips and joined them with
other pieces of new goods that I had,
and they made me a new comforter for
almost nothing. mrs. kate buchan.
Rog. U. S. Pat. Off.
Macbeth “ Pearl
Glass” lamp-chim¬
neys bring the right
balance of draft to
the llame, and let
die light shine with-,
out hindrance.
Common chim¬
neys give a dull
light. They hinder
the light because the proportions
are wrong and the glass is misty.
Get my Index and you will know just what
lamp-chimney to get. I make one for every
style and size of burner. Address,
Macbeth
Macbeth-Evans Glass Co. Pittsburgh
Chicago: Philadelphia:
178 East Lake Street 42 South Eighth StreeJ
\ New York: 19 West 30th Street
44 Bushels to the Acre
is a heavy yield, but that's what John Kennedy of
Edmonton, Alberto, Western Canada, got from
40 acres of Spring Wheat in 1910. Reports
from other districts in that
Iirovince showed other excel-
ent results— such as 4,000 bush¬
els of wheat from 120 acres, or
33)6 bushois per acre. 26. 80 and
40 bushel yields were numerous.
As high as 132 bushels of oats to
the aero were threshed from
Alberta fields.
THE SILVER CUP
at tho recent Spokano Fair was
awarded to tho Alberta Government
for its exhibit of grains, grasses and vege¬
tables, Reports of excellent yields for 1910
wine also from Saskatchewan and Manitoba
in Western Canada.
Free Homesteads of 1 00 acres,
and adjoining pre-emptions of 160
acres (at $3 per acre), are to he had
in the choicest districts.
Schools convenient, climate ex¬
cellent, soil of the very best, rail¬
ways close athnnd, building! timber
cheap, fuel easy to get anti reason¬
able In price, water easily procured,
mixed farming a success.
Write as to bost place for settlement, set¬
tlors' low railway rates, pamphlet "hast Best
West" and other information, to Sapt. of Im-
mig., Ottawa, Can., or to Can. Gov't Act. (04)
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent, SO Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse. N V.
478
Live Stock and Dairy
LINE-BREEDING IN POULTRY.
Will Mr. Geo. A. Cosgrove give us an
article on the method or practice used in
line-breeding poultry? c. w. H.
Jackson Center, Pa.
Line-breeding is “in-breeding” at the
start, that is, mating the cock to pullets
from himself, and the hen to a cockerel
from her eggs. Supposing C. W. H. has a
cock and hen that he greatly admires
and wishes to breed from them only. We
will call the male blood “C” and the
female “H.” The chicks the first year
will be half “C” and half “H” blood.
If the next season the male is mated to
the pullets, the third .year’s chicks are
three-fourths “C” blood, and if the hen
is mated with one of the half-blood cock¬
erels her chicks will be three-fourths
“H” blood. If it is desired, and the old
cock is still vigorous, the same thing can
be practised for another year, and the
progeny will then be seven-eighths re¬
spectively of the blood of the original
male and female. Now he has prac¬
tically two distinct strains of blood in
his yards, or only remotely related, and
C. W. H. can readily see how these can
be crossed, reserving some of the seven-
eighths blood to mate back on the prog¬
eny of the cross, both on the male and
the female side; breeding back toward
the original blood lines for three or four
years and then crossing again. Of
course chicks must be toe-marked and
records kept of each lot, so it can be
known just what the breeding of each
flock is. It is quite a little trouble, but
a good deal of satisfaction to know just
what your flock is bred from, and to
note the characteristics of some ances¬
tor cropping forth in his progeny. It
takes away part of the mere drudgery,
and makes poultry keeping more interest¬
ing, more of a scientific pursuit.
GEORGE A. COSGROVE.
‘ TUBERCULIN TEST.
Would you let me know the process of
testing cows for tuberculosis? k. g.
New Jersey.
The ‘process of testing cows with
tuberculin consists in taking their tem¬
peratures about thrftcrr 'rues during the
day, two hours apart, and recording the
temperatures. From one to three cubic
centimeters of diluted tuberculin, the
quantity depending upon its strength and
the size of the animal, is then injected
into the animal’s neck under the skin
near the shoulder with a graduated
hypodermic syringe, which must be
sterilized after each injection. At the
end of eight hours after injection the
temperatures are again taken and con¬
tinued at two-hour intervals for six to
12 hours. If the temperature rises gra¬
dually to 104 degrees or higher, which
must be at least ll/2 degree higher than
the normal temperature determined on
the previous day, and then drops to
normal, it is called a reaction. A re¬
action is caused by an active tubercle
in the animal. Tuberculin should al¬
ways be used by veterinary surgeons or
persons familiar with its use, as local
conditions and condition of animals
tested must be taken into consideration
when making tests. Animals which are
badly affected will not react. A physi¬
cal examination of such animals will
show that they are at least not healtlnq
and such cases are the only ones in
which a physical examination is of any
service. The only instrument required
is the hypodermic syringe, which may be
procured from any manufacturer of sur¬
gical instruments. c. S. G.
PAMPERING FARM ANIMALS.
Is it not possible to take too good
care of animals? Of course one can¬
not, in one way, take too good care, as
the best caretaker would naturally not
overdo things. What I mean Is, that it
may be possible to get too much of a
good thing. I do not wish to set up
any rules, out of two, perhaps excep¬
tional, experiences, but it may be well
to give the facts. I have, in previous
years, fed to my cows, in addition to a
fixed grain ration (one pound of bran
and cotton-seed, meal to three or four
of milk, according to whether the cows
are fresh or not) as much roughage as
they would eat. This roughage con¬
sisted of good silage twice a day, and
pea and oat straw or hay. In. addition,
some potatoes were fed. This year I
was a little short on roughage, and so
fed much less than ever before, but with
the same grain ration. The cows did,
if anything, better than usual, under
these conditions. As contributory causes
I may mention the fact that I put in
THE HURAE NEW-YORKER
muslin curtain ventilation this Winter,
and that having sorted out a large quan¬
tity of potatoes affected by rot I fed
four bushels a day to nine head.
The other experience wras with poul¬
try. We have an old hogpen, which is a
lean-to, on the north side of the barn.
There are only two windows, which are
in the upper corner, facing east and
west. It is single-boarded, and in a
sunny day is colder than it is out of
doors. When the ground heaves the
door jamb rises up and makes it impos¬
sible to shut the door tight. In this
building(?) we keep 43 hens. None of
these were pullets. They are strictly
mixed breeds. I feed them once a day,
about six quarts of oats and either two
quarts of corn on the ear or a kettle of
boiled potatoes. I never give them both
corn and potatoes. I water them once a
day. Unless there is a strong wind,
blowing from the side where the door is,
or the thermometer is below zero, I leave
the door wide open all day to let a
little , warmth in. If there are bare
spots around I feed them out of doors.
They have laid almost all Winter, with
the exception of about four weeks, and
one hen did not even stop then, she
laying off and on all Winter when it
was so cold that it was as long as I
wanted to stay out to get the egg she
had laid before it froze. This hen, by
the by, is a Rhode Island Red. More
and more started in, until March 1 they
laid as many as 22 in one day, average
about 15. One hen died, so we have
only 44. This is so much better than
anyone else around has done, there being
only one flock which equals the record,
and that flock kept, like ours, in a cold
place, that it furnishes food for thought.
Is not a properly balanced ration, and
lots of ventilation, perhaps of more im¬
portance than a warm house, less ven¬
tilation, and more care?
ALBERT H. DE GRAFF.
We Wilt Deliver ,
Set lip And Start
A SHARPLES
Dairy Tubular
Cream Separator
In Your Home
FREE
And Leave It With Yon For
A Thorough, Free Trial.
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We make this
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Sharpies Dairy Tubular is
The World’s Best— the only
separator that produces skim¬
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work without disks or
other contraptions.
Later than, different
from all others. Twice the
skimming force of others.
Skims faster and twice as
clean. Repeatedly pays for
itself by saving what others
lose. Wears a lifetime. Guaranteed forever by
America’s oldest and world’s biggest separator
Concern. You can own and use a Tubular for
less than any other make. How can you afford
to risk anything on any of the common or (so
Called) cheap machines that T ubulars are every¬
where rap¬
idly replac¬
ing. Ask
for catalog
No. 153 and
free trial.
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO-
WEST OJIESTEK, PA.
Chicago. 111., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore,
> Toronto, Can., Winnipeg, Can.
CATTLE
30
CRUM B’S warrmcer
Prof. P. G. Helyar of
Mt. Herman School, Mt.
Herman, Mass., writes:
“We could not get along
without Warriner Stanch¬
ions.”
Send address for book-
- let of information to
WALLACE B. CRUMB, Box Ml, Forestville, Conn.
COW COMFORT
Means additional profit. Simple
durable, easily locked. Foster
Steel Stanchions cannot be
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬
tom chains permit free head move¬
ment, standing or lying down, yet
keep cattle lined tip and clean.
Write for new booklet showing
model stables.
Foster Steel Stanchion Co.,
906 Ins. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.
Ml EXCELSIOR swing stanchion
Warranted The Best. 30 Days’ Trial
Unlike all others. Stationary when open
Noiseless Simple Sanitary Durable
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEIN-FR1ESIAN ASS’N OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON. SECY. BOX 1 05. BRATTLEBQRO.VT.
Maple Hurst Stock Farms, Guilford , Conn offer the fol-
. — r • lowing Gilt Edge Stock for
sale. One magnificent Yearling Guernsey Bull (reg¬
istered); one full blooded Jersey Bull (registered).
Dams of both extra heavy producers. Jersey
Sire, Hood Farm Pogis; Guernsey sire, Fantim’s
Zac Taylor (imported). One registered Berkshire
Boar 5 mos. old, perfect form and breeding cannot
be beat. One Chester White Boar 9 mos. old, pure
bred, quick and sure, an exceptional animal, price
right. 12 Single and Double Comb R. I. Red Cock¬
erels $3.00 each (Tuttle Strain). Bred for utility as
well as beauty. Full blooded Imperial Pekin Duck
Eggs for hatching $1.00 per 13— $G. 00 per hundred.
Full blooded S. and D. C. R. I. Red Eggs for hatch¬
ing. Guaranteed 100$ fertility from our Utility Pens.
$1.00 per 10 — $1.00 per hundred. The above stock is
guaranteed to be pure bred and the price is right.
BIST. HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
Robinson’s HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON, Kdmeston, N. Y.
To Avoid Inbreeding, We Will Sell Our
HERD BULL
AMERICA DE KOL BURKE,
A great son of the great De Kol Burke. It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree.
Several young calves out of A. K. O. dams for sale.
CLOVEKOALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Lunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
ALLAMUCHY FARM HOLSTEINS
We offer well bred bull calves out of A. R. O.
dams at reasonable prices. Send for list before
placing your order. ALLAMUCHY, N. J.
The Wasson
Box GO,
Stanchion Co.,
Cuba, N. Y.
<1* 7 R BUYSHolsteinYearlingBull: sire 75$ blood of
■ d World Champion Cow and brother to TheKing
of the Pontiacs ; a bargain. IRA S, JARVIS, Hart-
wick Seminary.N.Y., Riverside Fruit & Stock Farm
Jersey Bulls For Spring Service
From Son of “The Imported Jap.’’ Dams are
Flying Fox, Financial King, Stoke Pogis, and
Combination Blood. Also Fertile Eggs from
Y’oung’s S. C. W. Leghorns, Wrights W. Wyan-
dottes, and Tuttle’s R. and S. C. R. I. Reds, $1.00
per 15, $5.00 per 100 Satisfaction guaranteed.
SHELDONCROFT, Silver Lake, Pa.
Chas. B. Dayton, Supt.
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern’s Jubi-
loe still beads the herd. What do you want? _
Will also sell full blooded Morgan hlly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N, Y.
—Jersey Bull Calves
can afford to
buy. Superior dairv dams, xo better sires. K.F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Breed Up— Not Down
buy. Superior dairy dams. No beti
REGISTERED AYRSHIRES
FOR SALE-GRADE GUERNSEYS SUiTS:
Mtllr PrtwIiTrprc for New York City market
1HUIY nuuuicio desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
tlte Secretary, Albert Manning, Otsiville, N. Y.
DOGS
SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Cite. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa
pm I IC D 1 1 DQ — From imported stock. Females
UULLIL lUlu cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
r ROBERTSON’S CHAIN
L HANGING STANCHIONS
“1 have moil them for more
than TWENTY YEARS, and they
have given the very best of satis¬
faction lu every way,” writes
Justus H. Cooley, M.D., Plainfield
Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J.
Thirty days’ trial on application
O. H. ROBERTSON
£jjj Wash. St., Eorestville, Conn.
April 8,
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
uses
Train Your Colt
in 8 Hours — Break Your
Horse of Any Bad Habits
by my simple method. I can teach you to break
any colt in 8 hours thru my wonderful mail sys¬
tem, or break your horse
of any bad habits, such as
balking, kicking, shying,
being afraid of automo¬
biles; in fact, any habit can be
cured by my method.
Instructions complete and simple;
mastered in a short time with Uttla
study.
$1,200 to $3,000 a Year
At Home or Traveling
Several of my pupils are making big money
giving exhibitions in different cities. Others
train horses at home, making 515 to 525 a head.
You can do the same.
I hnve graduate pupils in every walk in life —
Farmers, Professional llorso Trainers, Horse
Breeders, Riding Masters, Teamsters, etc.
I have two courses— one. “How to Train a Colt to
Drive, and Break Horses of Bad Habits”— the other,
"How to Ride and Train the Saddle Horse; Different
Gaits and Fancy Steps.”
Let me send you my Free Book on horses, and the
opportunities open to you. Write today, now, while
you think of it, for Free Book. Also tell mo about
your horse. ^ (U)
Prof. Jesse Beery. Box 57, Pheasant Hill, Ohio
TIIE PERCIIERON SOCIETY
OF AMERICA
Has just taken over all records and business
of Percheron ltegistery Company of Colum¬
bus, Ohio. 215 breeders took membership in
P. S. Of A. during Dec. and January alone.
137 more new members added thru recent ac¬
quirement named above. There is now but one
recognized Society in the United St ates record¬
ing Percherons. For information address;
WAYNE DINSMORE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, III.
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Percheron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from $300 up, mares
from $400 up. Address all correspondence to
O. N. WILSON, Kittanning, Pa.
pn Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
OU at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Peuna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
SWIWE
rnn o ai c-improved English Yorkshire swine.
rUn uMLC Young bred sows and young boars
ready for service, also young pigs. Address
C. H. FARNHAM, Brocton, New York.
LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS
Am now booking orders for 6 week old Pigs, Regis¬
tered, at $15.00 per pair. If you are looking for the
genuine Bacon Hog, try a pair this spring. Address
HILLHUliST FARM, Orchard Park, N. Y.
VHELD0N FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
v Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y.
DUROO PIGS, $8. White Buff Rocks and Leghorn
eggs, $2. Serene Wicks, DeGraff, Ohio.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders booked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. ^ HtS
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, toser-
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON. Piunrictor, Marbledale, Conn.
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
... AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
LARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD— Special Offering
of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
up. They should develop into 800-pouml boars at
maturity. H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
W0l$ WITHOUT Mug
| ^ Write for Free Booklet
"Howto Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully Without Milk'
Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal —The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
Mo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 18QD.
Rlatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
THE MOST MONEY FOR $1 INVESTED IN FOOD
HAS BEEN SECURED IN IMPARTIAL TRIALS FROM
THE GUERNSEY COW
Who won 1st prize in Greatest Profit in Butter Produc¬
tion. Greatest return for $1 invested iu food. Best
color and flavor and the best score of Dairy Products #
in the Pan American Model Dairy Breed Test. ( The
only one where all dairy breeds were represented.)
The First Breed to Establish Advanced Register
on Basis of Years Records with Public Supervision.
three guernsey cows
Led All Others in the Great
Iowa State Dairy Cow Contest
Full information by addressing
‘Pie American Guernsey Cattle Club,
Box R Peterboro, N. H.
DOLLY DIMPLE, ADV. R. 028.
“The most remarkable heifer in the world.”
10 j 1.
THK RURAI> NEW-\ORKER
479
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this headi-g we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘-protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” moans one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
— a “wide” ration means ono which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
Oats and Rye in Milk Ration.
I would like to make up a good feeding
ration for new milch cows from the fol¬
lowing : Bran, gluten, cornmeal, cotton-seed
meal, oats, also have some rye. ji.
Oats and rye should always be ground
before feeding to milch cows, and rye
should never be fed in large quantities,
as it is not suitable for this purpose. It
is impossible for me to give you a for¬
mula for a ration that will apply to all
conditions, as it makes a great differ¬
ence what roughage you have to feed
with it. A good average grain ration to
be fed with clover hay and silage could
be composed of three pounds wheat
bran, two pounds cotton-seed meal, one
pound gluten feed, one pound ground
oats, one pound cornmeal and one-half
pound ground rye. Rye makes a much
better feed for horses than it does for
cows, so I would not recommend it as
an important part of the above ration.
In feeding rye to horses it is well to use
it for not over 25 to 30 per cent of the
ration. c. s. g.
A Maine Milk Ration.
At the prices quoted below what would
he the cheapest balanced ration that I could
feed for milk production with 20 pounds
fine mixed hay (no clover) and 30 pounds
silage? At present we are feeding a mix¬
ture of 200 pounds bran, 200 pounds corn-
meal, 100 pounds oil meal, 50 pounds cot-
ton-seed, feeding one pound grain to 3%
pounds milk. What improvement or change
would you advise making? Cornmeal per
100, SI. 20; I iran, $1.45; cotton-seed, $1.70;
oil meal, $1.80; gluten, $1.45; stock feed,
$1.35; middlings, $1.60; mixed feed, $1.50.
W. H. B.
Maine.
From the feeding stuffs named and
prices given I would recommend the
following balanced ration as the most
economical and practical to feed for
milk production :
Digestible
Dry
Pro-
Ca rbs
Feeding stuff.
Matter
tein.
and Fat.
20 lbs. mixed hay..
17.42
.844
9.25
30 llis. silage .
0.30
.27
3.87
6 lhs. wheat bran..
3 lbs. cotton-seed
5.28
.732
2.718
meal .
2.70
1.110
1.332
1 lb. gluten feed..
.90
.232
.699
Nutritive ratio 1
32.06
:5.6.
3.194
• 17.869
If your cows will eat 20 pounds of
hay and 30 pounds of silage they must
be large cows and capable of large pro¬
duction of milk. As this roughage is
largely composed of carbohydrates, it is
necessary to supply a large amount of
protein in the grain ration, which ac¬
counts for the selections made.
C. S. G.
Cow Ration; Horse Out of Condition.
1. Is tli is feed all right for milch cows
iu good flow? Bran, four quarts; gluten,
three quarts ; cotton-seed meal, one pint,
or can I improve without much more
expense? 2. I have a roan horse 10 years
old, weight iu good condition about 1,125.
He has become thin, and coat is dry and
coarse ; in good spirits and eats well. lie has
liad very little grain ail Winter, hut best of
hay and just enough exercise to help di¬
gest it. I feed oats or oats and shorts
entirely as grain, but no corn, as I do not
believe in corn for horses. Is nux vomica
a good tonic? p. e. r.
Khode Island.
1. From the measurements given I
judge that you are feeding your cows
2.2 pounds wheat bran, 4 pounds
gluten feed and eight-tenths of a pound
of cotton-seed meal. This makes a very
heavy ration, as it does not contain
enough coarse material to make it the
proper consistency for best results in
feeding. 1 would advise increasing the
amount -of bran and decreasing the
amount of gluten to overcome this de¬
fect. You could safely feed equal parts
of gluten and cotton-seed meal, the
amount depending upon the cows you
are feeding and the roughage used.
While this ration would cost practically
the same as the one you are using, it
would be much safer and more satisfac¬
tory taking everything into considera¬
tion.
•2. Your horse is simply out of con¬
dition and needs* some good laxative
feed to put him in shape for working.
Do not try to do it with nux vomica,
as that should only be given according
to a doctor’s advdee. I would suggest
that you feed a good warm bran mash
at least twice a week, and mix a very
little fine-cut hay with the oats you are
feeding three times a day. Increase the
amount of oats until you are feeding
him enough to start him gaining nicely.
It he is constipated mix about four
ounces of salts with the bran mash each 1
time you feed it, or you could mix a
little oil meal with the oats every day
until regulated properly. One feed a
day of some of the prepared horse feeds
on the market composed of Alfalfa,
cracked corn, oats and molasses would
aid materially in getting him in good
condition. Good feed is much better than
medicine for this purpose. c. s. G.
A Balanced Milk Ration.
I have been very much interested in
your milk rations, but do not And just
what I need. I have plenty of corn silage
with the corn left on the stalk, and good
mixed hay. For grain I have Canada peas
and oats, hoine-grown, and can buy almost
all the common mill feeds close at home.
Can you advise me? I would like to use
about one-third or one-half of the home¬
grown grain. Cows are coming fresh soon.
New York. m. J. s.
If you will try the following balanced
ration I am sufe you will get a good
flow of milk:
Digestible
Dry Pro- Carbs
Feeding stuff. Matter, tein. and Fat.
40
lbs.
silage .
.30
5.10
10
lbs.
mixed bay .
. .8.71
.422
4.025
2
lbs.
ground peas. . . .
. .1.8
.330
1 .008
3
lbs.
ground oats....
. .2.07
.270
1.704
2
lbs.
cotton-seed meal
. ..1.84
.744
.888
2
lbs. dry d i s t i 11 e r s’
grains . 1.S4
.490
1.104
Nutritive ratio 1 :5.
25.20
5.
2.034
14.549
Of course you understand that the
amounts given are only approximate,
and may be changed to suit changing
conditions. If your cows are very large
no doubt they will eat more feed than
is called for in the above ration after
they have been fresh a short time, hut
before that time you should feed very
carefully, using only wheat bran and
ground oats in small quantities. In
practice I have found it convenient to
feed the silage in two feeds just after
each milking and all the hay that will
be eaten up clean at noon. The grain
ration is also divided into two feeds a
day and is fed immediately after the
silage. c. s. G.
A Well Balanced Ration.
I am feeding at present the following
feeds mixi 1 in this manner; 300 pounds
gluten meal, 200 pounds wheat bran, 150
pounds beet pulp, 1 00 pounds wheat mid¬
dlings, 30 pounds oil meal, 30 pounds cot¬
ton-seed meal, 100 pounds screened oats;
also about 30 pounds silage, eight to 10
pounds Alfalfa hay and 15 pounds rutabaga
turnips. How near does this come to a
balanced ration, say 1 :5 to 1 :6? If not, how
would you arrange with the following foods?
I think this quite strong in protein for
cows weighing around 1,000 pounds, but
wish to get as much milk as possible ; cows
making from 18 to 30 pounds of milk per
day. I would not like to feed more cot¬
ton-seed than given in this mixture. We
also have some bright oat hay, which was
cut in fairly good state of heading, which
we feed outside on clear days in racks and
paddocks. k. a.
New York.
The ration which you are feeding at
the present time analyzes as follows,
provided you are feeding each cow the
amounts assumed :
Digestible
Dry
Pro-
Carbs
Feeding stuff.
Matter.
tein.
and Fat.
30 lbs. silage .
0.30
.27
3.83
8 lbs. Alfalfa .
7.36
.88
3.384
1 5 lbs. turnips .
1.5
.15
1.155
3 lbs. gluten feed..
2.7
.090
2.079
2 lbs. wheat bran . .
1.76
.244
.900
1.5 beet pulp (dried)
1 lb. wheat mid-
1.40
.102
.981
dlings .
.88
.128
.607
3 lbs. oil meal....
3 lbs. cotton-seed
.273
.0879
.1455
meal .
.270
.1110
.1332
1 lb. ground oats..
.89
.092
.568
23.339
2.7015
13.8287
Nutritive ratio 1 :5.
You will see that this is a well-bal¬
anced narrow ration, containing all the
ingredients for the production of milk in
paying quantities. C. S. G.
“When a man dies, is an inquest al¬
ways held?” “Oh, no. If a doctor has
been in attendance the coroner is not
supposed to have to inquire into the
cause of the death.” — Toledo Blade.
Are You Getting Your Share ?
Upon the proper selec¬
tion of your ration de¬
pends the profit you make
on your dairy. It is a vital
question ; every day it's up
to you and any day you
can make a change for the
better. Why not do it
now ? You know that to
get the most milk from
your cows you must feed a
sufficient amount of pro¬
tein ; but do you realize
that the protein must be
available and digestible
before it is turned into milk.
The solution of the prob¬
lem is to provide succu¬
lence. Some dairymen do
it with roots (which are
expensive and inconveni¬
ent), others with silage;
but the progressive dairyman feeds Dried Beet Pulp.
Moistened Dried Beet Pulp swells to four or five times its
original bulk and looks like sliced beets, and as far as the cow is
concerned it is sliced beets, because the sugar which has been ex¬
tracted is a pure carbohydrate, and is of no more value for milk
making than the carbohydrates that remain in the pulp. In fact,
Dried Beet Pulp is a safer and better feed than beets, because it
does not affect the taste of the milk.
Dried Beet Pulp Far Superior
To Corn Silage
The need for silos is now past. A pound of dry matter in Dried
Beet Pulp costs very little more than a pound of dr .,atter in silage
(if any dairyman ever knows what his silage reaiiy costs) and the
greater milk production from Dried Beet Pulp pays for the increased
cost many times over.
Dried Beet Pulp has approximately the same nutritive value as
com, oats, oi any of the other grains, and it has the wonderful
advantage of being bulky and succulent as well.
This is an age of advancement; the man who is ready to test
out a new idea is the man who climbs. The “balanced ration” 1 as
been the savior of the dairy business. The “succulent balanced
ration is a further and long step in advance. The usual experience
of our customers when they use Dried Beet Pulp is an increase of
10^ More Milk
If you have not already tested Dried Beet Pulp, we make it
easy for you to try it. Where a local dealer sells Dried Beet Pulp
all you need to do is to get a sack, mix from three to five pounds
in any properly balanced ration, cutting out an equivalent amount of
grain or roughage, and if by the time the sackful is used up the re¬
sults are not satisfactory you can go to the dealer and get your
money back. Every dealer has cur authority to sell you a sack on
this guarantee.
If no dealer is near you, we will be glad to make a direct
shipment on the same guarantee. Use one sackful, and if not
satisfied report to us. We will return the entire purchase price and
take back the unused sacks.
Why hesitate about making the test ? Dried Beet Pulp
is endorsed by no less an authority than Secretary of Agricul¬
ture James Wilson, who has written us: “I would rather /
have a pound of of Dried Beet Pulp to feed to a dairy
cow than a pound of corn.” The various agricultural / informa.
papers that accept our advertisements which you / tioncolpon
nave seen so often will vouch for our responsibility. / Minin- co.
You take no chances. If our claims are good / Detroit, Mich,
you will get a handsome increase in vour net / ,My dcalcr does not ha,,dlc
. .. J y Dried Beet Pulp but Pm in-
earmngs ; It our claims are not good, we / terested in your claims, and I
lose, not you. Use the coupon. . / wish you would Eiws me the exact
7 J cost of Dried Beet Pulp delivered to
my station. Also send me a copy of your
THE LARR0WE MILLING L"‘" P'°“* ”
COMPANY X My dealer’s name ii . . .
A His address is.................... .
610 Ford Building
My name is . . . .
DETROIT, MICH. Town . . . . State .
/ Railroad Station .
480
THE KUKAb NEW-YORKER
April 8,
THAT HEN CONTEST.
As stated on page 374 Mr. W. J.
Dougan, of New Jersey, selected 10
White Wyandotte hens and 10 White
Leghorn hens for a year’s test. He
is to feed those hens and care for
them in any way he likes, sell the eggs
for food or incubate them as he sees
fit, and make fair reports of the number
of eggs laid and the money received for
them. Regarding the stock selected,
Mr. Dougan says :
As I told you before, these arc all old
Btock, some over three years, others ap¬
proaching three. I think them nearly like
what anyone entering the poultry business
would be most liable to purchase for a start.
The first report follows. This covers
the record of the hens and the food put
into their hoppers for the first two
weeks in March. We invite the most
searching criticism of the experiment
and everything connected with it. All
we want is to get at the possibilities of
a flock of hens :
Record of Ten Wyandottes.
REPORT NO. 1.
I herewith submit report of 10 W lute
Wyandotte hens with two roosters to cover
from March 1 to 1.5 inclusive. They have
consumed or have left in hoppers :
Lbs.
16 cracked corn at .
1.5 wheat screenings at. .
13 mixed feed, cooked at
11 beef scraps at .
9 grit at .
7 oyster shells at .
4 bran at . . . .
3% oats, per bag, at...
Total .
Per 100
.20
. 1.55
.23
. 1.55
.20
. 2.83
.31
. .70
.06
. .70
.05
.06
. 1.10
.06
.1.17
Laid 51 eggs. Sold G which were too
light bodied to set. 45 cents per dozen.
Set 39 and tested out two.
Record of Ten Leghorns.
Here is report of 10 White Leghorn hens
with two roosters, to cover from March 1
to 15 inclusive. They have consumed :
Lbs.
15 cracked corn at .
13 wheat screenings at..
7 beef scraps at .
6% mixed cooked feed at
3 oats, per bag at .
3 bran at .
3 grit at .
3 oyster shells at .
Total .
For 100
.19
. 1.55
.20
. 2.85
.20
. 1.55
.10
. 1.10
.05
.05
. .70
.02
.02
Laid 47 eggs. Five sold at 4.5 cents per
dozen, being too light to set. 31 eggs set
in incubator, three tested out. Some of
the food is still in hoppers, w. .). dolt; an.
Some Hen Figures Analyzed.
I am very glad to see The It. N.-Y. ask
for criticism on statement of Gori & Son,
page 381, and trust you will get lots of it.
When you published figures of Mr. Dougan
($9 per hen) some time ago, we thought
you were going some, but Gori & Soil's
claim was doing much better, and next
week we expected to read of some one hav¬
ing hens laying 220 golden eggs a year and
selling them by weight at full market value
of .$20 per ounce. Messrs. Dougan and
Gori are wasting their time with a few
hens in the backwoods. Invite them out
into the limelight. There are lots of cor¬
porations with stocks for sale to the public
who would pay handsome salaries for ac¬
countants who could make such tine show¬
ings. These gentlemen's statements re¬
mind us very much of many of the re¬
ligious hobbies of to-day; they contain
much truth and the error is consequently
not so easily found. The two little words
“per hen” is the error in Dougan's and
Gori's statements — leave them out and the
net income given by Gori & Son's of $141.07
for the year is correct, but of this amount
a large part was earned by the “210
raised.” These men have increased their
capital, but in figuring the percentage or
rather the perhenage of profit, do so on
the old capital, overlooking the new en¬
tirely. The hen's product is the egg, and
whether you choose to eat, sell or hatch the
egg is no concern of the hen, and she is en¬
titled to credit for nothing more than the
value of the egg. When you decide to
hatch her eggs, the first cost of the new
birds is the price or value of the eggs, and
all expenses of hatching and feeding from
that time on is properly chargeable to them,
and the income to their credit likewise. It
would have been just as reasonable for
Messrs. Gori to have carried the figures on
for five or more years as for the one year
given, giving the expenses and income of
the posterity of the original 11 % breeders
and the 105 pullets and their posterity, and
their posterity’s posterity to the end of say
five years ; then divide the total net credit
by five to get the annual profit, and annual
profit by 11% for the “per hen unit"
profit. These original 11% hens might
then retire on their laurels on such a mag¬
nificent world’s record. Analyzing Gori's
statement we find the account of the 11%
breeders to be as follows :
Dr.
Feed, etc . $17.7o
Interest on value of breeders . 90
Interest on breeders share of plant,
say . G°
Cr.
Eggs .
Manure, say .
Eggs used in house. . .
$18.70
$35.75
1.20
$36.94
Net credit of $18.24, or $1.59 per hen
unit. WM. GIBSON.
New York. _ _
A HEN MAN COME TO JUDGMENT.
March 13, 1910, I purchased 12 hens and
one cock, pure stock, White Wyandottes,
paying a fairly good price for the pen.
They were pretty good layers ; 130 eggs in
the remaining 19 days in March and 240
eggs in the month of April. Using eggs
from this pen of birds entirely, we had
three incubator hatchings on the follow¬
ing dates: April 18, May 14, and June 8.
With brooders, we raised from these three
hatches, in all a total of 150 birds, prac¬
tically half of which were pullets. The
cockerels, when reaching a weight of 4%
pounds, were sold dressed, at 18 cents a
pound to private trade in Toledo. I was
well satisfied with this end of the busi¬
ness, but the other end, the egg end, has
been a failure. ,
The pullets, 65 in number, have had free
range since they were old enough to run,
and were housed at night in three separate
houses, were well fed and grew rapidly.
The latter part of October I put them in
what at that time I was pleased to call
my laying house. (I have since discarded
the name.) This building is 20 feet long,
and 16 feet deep, six feet high in front and
five feet high at the rear ; the walls and
roof are all double boarded with two-inch
air space between. The floor is heavy
planking 18 inches above the surface of
the ground, and is covered with six inches
of clean dry sandy soil. On top of this is
six inches ‘of dry, clean corn husk litter
for scratching material. Large open win¬
dows in the front of the building, facing
the south ; these windows are closed at
night with muslin curtains if it be cold or
windy, and are open all the day unless it
be exceptionally raw or windy. Droppings
boards and roost extend clear across the
back of the building; the droppings boards
are at least two and one-halt feet above
the litter, thus making the entire floor
available for scratching purposes. Muslin
curtains are let down in front of roosts
on real cold nights. Every effort is made
to keep the birds warm and comfortable,
and they are comfortable ; the air at all
times in the building is pure and dry and
the walls are never moist or frosty. Drop¬
pings boards are cleaned twjce a week and
kept dusted, and there is no vermin of
any kind on the birds or about the build¬
ing. So much for the comfort of the birds
and the sanitary conditions. So far I feel
that I am nearly all right. Now the ques¬
tion is, do I feed them enough and are
their rations properly balanced 7
In the morning they are fed four pounds
of whole oats among the litter; this keeps
them busy till about nine o'clock, when
they are fed in hoppers a mash composed
of four pound* of ground vegetables, beets,
turnips, carrots, potatoes, cabbage, par¬
snips and table scraps in equal parts ;
added to this and thoroughly mixed are
two pounds of wheat bran and two pounds
of wheat middlings, a handful of ground
charcoal and a like amount of “egg tonic.”
At noon they are fed four pounds of whole
wheat and one pound of either barley or
rye. This is thoroughly mixed with two
pounds of fresh green ground bones, and
the whole is fed to them in the litter. This
keeps them busy till about four o’clock
when they are fed five pounds of either
whole or cracked corn, this also is fed to
them in the litter. They are always busy
and always seemingly ready for their meals
with healthy appetites. If it be a cold
day their food is always thoroughly warmed
before fed to them; warm water is sup¬
plied fresh both morning and night and m
more than sufficient quantities. Grit, shell
and charcoal are always kept before them
in hoppers. Two large lattice hoppers are
always kept filled with dry clover, which
was cut last Fall, and these are filled as
fast as they are emptied, which is two
and three times a week. Whenever the
weather will permit the birds are given
access to a run which is about 75 feet long
and 30 feet wide. Last August this run
was sown to rye, which grew very rapidly
and thick ; it is now about three inches
high and gives them an excellent supply
of fresh green stuff, and they eat plenty of
it. When the weather does not permit
them the use of this run they are fed
sprouted oats, green rye, cabbage and let¬
tuce in large quantities. There is their
daily menu; what is wrong? The reason
that I have asked you, “Do we feed them
enough and are these rations properly bal¬
anced?” is this. This bunch of husky,
healthy, cackling, scratching, well built
and rosy red-combed, seemingly happy and
well contented pullets do not lay enough
eggs in one day to make a decent sized
dish of scrambled eggs. Here is their
record. Behold !
First egg laid December 11, 1910, two
months behind time. Total number of eggs
laid in December, 6; total in January,
75 ; total in February, up till present date,
February 17, 107.
Can you or some of your nine-dollar hen
men tell me what is wrong besides myself
and the pullets?
Ohio. R. C. FREEMAN.
We Can Save You $50.00
on the Average Size Roof
A Few Quotations From the Bargains
in Our Latest Roofing Catalog:
Tarred Felt Roofing. Best quality.
108 square feet. 85-cent value. PA .
Per roll . OUC
Rubber Asphalt Roofing. The ordinary
108 square feet. 81.25
Wt., 34 lbs. Per roll..
kind,
value.
Flint Coated Rubber
square feet. $1.65
Weight, 50 lbs. Per roll.
Corrugated Steel Roofing. 28-gauge.
Heavy, painted red. 100
square feet. 82.50 value. .
Be8t-of-all Roofing. 3J^-ply. 108
square feet. 83-50 value.
Weight, 60 lbs. Per roll.
79c
Roofing. 108
value. gjj,
^w-gauge.
$1.85
>ly. 108
e: $1.80
Every Price in This Catalog is 25 to 50
Per Cent Below Regular Retail Prices.
If you want
any kind of
roofing, it is
to your in¬
terests to
wr ite for a
copy of this
free Roof¬
ing Catalog
and our
e o m p 1 o t e
layout of
samples be¬
fore placing
your order.
We quote
Ml reduced prices which in many lines are
yen lower than our prices for 1910. feimply
rrite and say: “Send ine your free Roofing
atalog No. 66R51 and complete set ol' sarn¬
ies” and they will be mailed at once free
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Get catalogue quickly — write to-day.
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LIGHTNING
Send for fine, free book, all about lightning and the
Dodd System of protection. Installed with binding
guarantee of money refunded or damage made good.
The standard everywhere. 2000 insurance companies
endorse and reduce rates on D-S rodded buildings. Act
now. Tomorrow may be too late. Address
DODD & STRUTHERS, '437 6th Ave., Des Moines, la.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
“FOR DAIRY COWS”
An Easy Way to Compound
a Properly Balanced
Ration.
A good, substantial foundation for a
properly balanced ration can be ob¬
tained from a combination of 4 lbs.
Dried Beet Pulp (preferably moistened
for several hours before using) with 2
lbs. 41% Cotton-seed meal, or in place
of the Cotton-seed meal use 3 lbs. gluten
feed, 3 )4 to 4 lbs. Distillers’ Dried
Grains or 3)4 to 4 lbs. Dried Brewers’
Grains. Add to this combination any
grain that is available to you— corn,
oats, buckwheat, barley, middlings or
bran — and you will have a ration which
will closely approximate the Standard.
If wheat bran or wheat middlings are
used, 3)4 lbs. of Dried Distillers’ Grains
or Dried Brewers’ Grains should be
ample, but with corn, oats, buckwheat
or barley, use 4lbs. This recommenda¬
tion assumes that your roughage is
equivalent in feeding value to 18 lbs. of
mixed bay. If the roughage is poor, it
may be necessary to slightly increase
the protein feed by using a little more
Cotton-seed meal, gluten feed, Distillers’
Dried Grains or Brewers’ Dried Grains.
Dried Beet pulp can be obtained from
local feed dealers generally or from
THE LARROWE MILLING CO.,
1507 Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
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THIRTY-FIFTH STREET, CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL.
RB
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ABSORBINE, JR., (mankind, $1.00 hot*
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icocele.Hydrocele, Prostatitis, kills pain.
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
1911.
481
The Henyard.
COSGROVE ON HEN FEEDING.
I have 75 Barred Rock hens and 45 pul¬
lets (April and May hatch) and while they
laid a few eggs in the Fall and a few all
Winter (from six to 15 per day) I think
1 should be getting more eggs now. My
coop is 1Gx32 feet, 5% feet high in back
and nine feet in front ; board floor with
air space of from one to four feet built on
a slope ; plenty of light, clean and free
from vermin. I feed two quarts oats aud
two quarts wheat in litter in morning, two
quarts at noon, three quarts corn and one
quart buckwheat at night, all the mangels
they want to eat, and up to a month ago
I ground green bone for them, but quit
because I cannot get the bone, even though
I paid one cent per pound. They have
grit, oyster shell, charcoal and burnt dry
bone, and clean water twice a day. Use oat
and wheat straw for litter and change it
once a month. I wish some one would tell
me just how he would feed these chickens.
Linden, Pa. G. G. l.
G. G. L. starts off with a morning
feed of two quarts wheat and two quarts
oats for his 120 hens. That is just about
right when fed in deep litter to keep
them busy until noon ; then instead of
the two quarts oats which he feeds at
noon I should open some hoppers con¬
taining a dry mash, and let the hens
help themselves. A good dry mash can
be made in many different ways. I
would suggest this : Eight parts wheat
bran, three parts wheat middlings, four
parts ground Alfalfa, three parts corn-
meal, five parts beef scraps. At present
he is not feeding any meat and he does
not state how much meat he fed when
he could get the green bone. He feeds
corn and buckwheat at night ; these are
both very fattening foods. I would sug¬
gest equal parts of corn, barley and
wheat for the last meal. Hens will not
overeat of the dry mash, because they
cannot furnish saliva enough to moisten
but a few mouthfuls at a time. If he
can get clover hay it would be well to
throw a pitchforkful into the litter,
long hay just as he would feed it to his
cows. He will be surprised to find how
quickly most of it will disappear. Hens
seldom have enough bulky food in Win¬
ter. The grain is too concentrated food,
and is the cause of diseased livers, over-
fat condition, and much of the mortality
Of OUr flocks. GEO. A. COSGROVE.
DISINFECTING AFTER ROUP OR
CHOLERA.
My opinion is that after roup a thorough
disinfecting of drinking dishes and troughs
for feed with some of the coal tar prepa¬
rations is necessary, also to whitewash the
house with a percentage of the same prepa¬
ration, but the best cure is fresh air. Don't
let the houses sweat ; open them even in
cold weather enough daytimes to keep them
dry. If you begin this way in the Fall,
opening every day, the fowls become hard¬
ened to it, but you cannot open one day
and shut the next without trouble. As to
the yards, one should sprinkle slaked lime and
plow ; grow a crop if you can ; better still,
move the yard. I do not think this so
necessary with roup as cholera. As to chol¬
era in the henhouse give a thorough clean¬
ing up, whitewashing as before stated, or
spraying with some coal tar disinfectant
and about the same treatment for yards.
1 have a recent bulletin from Kingston
Experiment Station, R. I., on cholera ;
don’t recall the number [Bulletin 144, Eds.].
It will give you facts and methods in detail.
As a preventive of blackhead in hens, which
we think resembles cholera in some respects,
a thorough cleaning out of intestinal tract
with Epsom salts in a mash at night about
teaspoonful to 10 hens; repeat once, skip
two or three days and repeat two nights ;
this as a preventive. Bulletin 141, Rhode
Island Station, entitled "Blackhead in Tur¬
keys,” will give you valuable information.
Massachusetts. ralph g. davis.
The best method of disinfecting poultry
houses in which diseased fowls have been,
is to clean up the floor as well as the roosts,
nests, etc. If there is any crust from the
droppings anywhere in the house It should
be soaked with water, and scraped off, in
fact a good idea would be to wash out the
floor, roosts, eta After doing this the
house should be well disinfected with a
good germicide in a powder form. The bot¬
tom of the roosts and crevices at different
places should be painted with crude carbolic
acid. A litter of good clean straw should
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
then be put in the house, nests, etc. The
troughs and water vessels should also be
cleaned up or washed out with hot water,
and by this time there would be no danger
of any germs being remaining. Concerning
the yards, I would simply use a disinfectant
of some kind or turn the soil. I claim
that there are very few germs in the ground.
Lime is an excellent thing to spray around
In old chicken yards. The above remedies
apply to both roup and cholera. In my
20 years of experience in breeding chickens,
I found that cholera is only prevalent when
chickens do not receive the proper attention.
If kept clean and given plenty of fresh
water this disease will rarely prevail. Roup
in itself is something else to speak of.
Pennsylvania. b. h. grinder.
Take fowls out of house, clean thorough¬
ly and burn refuse. Close house up tightly,
and spray thoroughly with a solution of
formalin (formalin can be purchased from
any druggist in pound bottles ; directions on
the bottle). Be sure every crack and
crevice, walls, ceiling and floor are sprayed.
After a day whitewash whole interior, using
a little crude carbolic acid, or some coal
tar disinfectant in the whitewash. Clean
up the yards thoroughly and sprinkle lib¬
erally with dry quicklime. If yard is large
enough to cultivate afterwards so much the
better, riant a mixture of Red clover and
rape, with a few oats, and harrow or
rake in. Charles e. bryan.
Maryland.
We have never had cholera on our plant,
nor roup in decided state, and hope we
never do have. However, we would saturate
all our houses and yards with a good strong
disinfectant, also lime and plow up several
times before putting stock in again. If
this was done thoroughly, we think all
germs would be destroyed. We lime and
plow our runs weekly, which probably pre¬
vents our having any sickness.
New York. bonnie brae farm.
We have not had any roup on our farms
to talk about, but if it broke out in our
flock we would do the following to stamp
it out : To disinfect house, we would take
litter out of house and burn it, then thor¬
oughly clean out the house. Make a barrel
of good whitewash (use plenty of lime in
making same) and put in same one quart
of good disinfectant. Spray roosts and in¬
side of house. Then 24 hours later we would
again spray house, etc. To clean up a hen-
yard on an acre of land we would spread
from 750 to 1,000 pounds of ground lime,
then have the ground plowed deep, no
shallow cultivation. After ground has been
plowed, let it re6t for a few days, then take
a spring-tooth harrow and harrow the
ground three times, or until it is loose. We
would then seed the land, say, two parts
rape, one part kale, one part Crimson clover,
one part Alsike clover and one part White
clover. After ground is covered with a
good sod, we would turn the chickens in
on same. highland farms.
Maryland.
Should my flock become affected with
roup or cholera 1 should disinfect my
houses through the use of some liquid and
fume-emitting disinfectant. I would not
clean up my henyard after roup, for while
I may he entirely wrong and have no
basis for my expression except a strong
opinion on the matter, I do not believe
that a roup organism would infect the
ground. After an attack of cholera I would
sprinkle the ground with lime, plow it and
again pot lime on the new earth. I have
been told that roup has affected the timber
in a house, and other fowls in time have
been affected by the disease. I believe
that roup is contagious; that is. that
healthy fowls may be infected by drinking
from the water crock that “roupy” fowls
drink from, and further that they can be
infected from contact with one another
while on the roost. However, roup appears
to me to be an acute stage of cold. In
this age of enlightenment poultry should
never be affected with colds. This is a
strong statement, but I make it thought¬
fully and considerately. A fowl has suffi¬
cient disease-resisting force to withstand
the natural changes in temperature and
humidity, if the fowl is normally healthy.
If this is true, then colds are the result of
the poultryman disregarding these two ele¬
ments essential to animal life, i. e., fresh
air and sunshine. Therefore build an open-
front house and never make it deeper than
its sun line. Cholera is a fearful disease.
If it infected my flock I would kill off
evGry bird I bad and start over. Cholera
seems to travel in “waves,” which are years
apart. Fortunately I have never had a
case of fowl cholera, and I am glad to add
that it is far from being a common disease
at this time. frank j. eppele.
New Jersey.
Cement Foundation for Henhouse.
Can I with success build a foundation for
chicken coop opt of small field stones? I
wish to make a frame as for concrete and
fill in with stone, and then pour the cement
mixture over it. Could I with safety ex¬
pect the cement to run in over aud be¬
tween the rocks so that they will all stick
together and make it a solid foundation?
Knife River. Minn. w. a.
We did much the same thing and have a
good foundation. You must make your ce¬
ment mixture so it will run easily aud be
sure to dig down below the frost line to
start your wall.
THRIFTY
STOCK
PAYS
MORE MONEY
GIVES
MORE SATISFACTION.!
NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED
WITH LICE, TICKS, MITES, FLEAS,
SCAB, MANGE, AND OTHER SKIN
DISEASES.
r TO CLEAN OUT THESE
PARASITES, GUARD AGAINST
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES,
CLEANSE, PURIFY, AND
DEODORIZE. USE
BETTER THAN OTHERS, BECAUSE, IT IS
STANDARDIZED,
UNIFORM, DEPENDABLE, EFFICIENT. ONE
GALLON OF KRESO DIP NO.I MAKES 60
TO 100 GALLONS OF S0LUTI0N(DE PEN DING
UPON WHAT USE IS TO BE MADE OF IT)
A REAL NECESSITY ABOUT
H0RSESXATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE,
DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK FOR LEAFLET
DESCRIBING A NEW CEMENT HOG WALLOW, IF YOU
ARE INTERESTED.
J. \
A*
PARKE, DAVIS &C0
w _ DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL
INDUSTRY.
vDETROIT,MICH
U.S.A
m,,
HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS
.Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a spring
Vvagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.,
J brinjr more money. Ask for special proposition.
| iUrvey bpring Co., JJLtf- 17th St., Kncine, Wig.
GUARANTEED
BegisteredVw SM OFF.
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS '
Protein 30- 33% x
Fat u% >
Carbohydrates 30-40% «
Fibre 12*14% 4;
Dividend Paying Cows
Aiax Flakes
Because : Ajax Flakes is an Unequalled Milk Producer
are
fed on
THREE AJAX RECORDS:
Wera Belle We^tview — Winner of the January, 1911, Hoard’s
Prize, Wisconsin Competition ; 2,014 lbs. milk, 72 lbs fat.
Dollie Dimple — Year Record: 18,458 lbs. milk, 906 lbs. fat.
Daisy Cornucopia Pauline — No. 91,712; a wonderful thirty-day
record : 2,420 lbs. milk, 126 lbs. butter.
You can deceive yourself by buying inferior feeds, but you can¬
not fool a cow. She will not give you the maximum quantity of
high quality milk unless she has the best feed. Ajax Flakes lead
them all — 30% to 33% Protein, 12% to 14% fat, about 24% digestible
protein.
NOW IS THE HEAVY FEEDING SEASON
Order AJAX FLAKES immediately of your nearest dealer.
If he happens to be out of “AJAX” refuse all “just as good” im¬
itations and write us at once how to obtain any amount, from one
bag to one carload, direct from us. “AJAX” is twice as strong as
bran — only costs $3.00 more.
Ohio and Western Dairymen write:
• • 1 I v' ” ■ ,
Chapin & Co., Dept. 9, Milwaukee, Wis.
Eastern Dairymen write:
Chapin & Co., Dept. 9, Buffalo, N. Y.
483
UJt-l'ts; KURAL NEW-YORKER
April 8,
HENYARD— Continued.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS.
A group of these beautiful active birds
is shown in the cut. It is supposed that
the original stock came "from the East
Indies, hence the title Indian, and the
Runner part of their name refers to
their habit of running, instead of travel¬
ing with the conventional “waddle’’ used
ing broilers as soon as or sooner than the
Rocks or Wyandottes. The pullets are early
layers. They lay large white eggs, and lots
of them. They are perfectly contented in
small, or restricted quarters. They are
small eaters. They are hardy of consti¬
tution, and adapted to all climates, and
conditions. Finally, they are of perfect
quality as a table fowl, both as to flavor
of flesh, and the small percentage of waste
in dressing. jas. abeknethy.
Maine.
Incubators and Insurance. — A great
many persons who are now hatching with
incubators in their houses, are unaware that
A GROUP OF INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS. Fig. 162.
by other members of the duck tribe. The
Runners are rapidly growing in popu¬
larity, both on account of their beauty
and great laying qualities. There are
two distinct types, the white egg and
green egg. White egg type is considered
the better, as the birds are more active
and heavier layers, and the white eggs
are more desirable for the market. “The
Indian Runner Duck Book,” by C. S.
Valentine, is a very interesting work,
giving a history of the development of
this bird from its first mention to the
present time. It costs 50 cents.
Treatment of Houdans.
they arc running the risk of losing the
protection of insurance if lire should occur
upon their property while the machines are
in operation. Atlhough the use of kerosene
lamps and stoves is mentioned and allowed
in the policies issued by most of the com¬
panies. still it appears that they do not in¬
clude tin' heating apparatus of incubators
under this permission : and. when a fire
breaks out, they may refuse to pay for losses
if there is any ground for suspicion that
the lamp of the incubator is in any way
responsible for the conflagration. Some in¬
surance companies are more liberal than
others and allow their agents to grant per¬
mits for the use of incubators in houses
that are Insured by them if an increased
rate is paid for and other conditions are
complied with : many companies refuse such
permission without exception. It is well to
have a plain understanding on this subject
with the agent of the company in which
you insure, and to obtain, if possible, his
permission in writing, before the lamp of
the incubator is lighted. w. r. f.
SAVE HALF Your
Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT— proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.”
Made in all colors, — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE.
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
Tells all about Paint and Painting for Durability.
How to avoid trouble and expense caused by paints
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuable information
free to you. with Sample Oolor Cards, Write me. DO
IT NOW. I can save you money.
0. W. Ingersoil, 24b Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N.Y.
NO’ROOF’EEPAIKS
I
only
rooling
that never
wears out is —
Does not
ater-soak.
will not melt — not af
fected by the weather or
climate. Thconly roof thatis
verlasting. SHELDON’S
GREEN AND PURPLE ROOFING
SLATE, the only material without an
equal. No more expensive than other high-
grade roofing. Send today for our free book
"The Hoof Question," and tell us your wants.
F.C. Sheldon Slate Co. mmiS Ak
GyourBoy
CAN DO AS MUCH
WorkasaMan
if '/ic /tax a .
’KRAUS PIVOT-AXLE
!SULKY CULTIVATOR
\wr Be simply steers It— the machine does all the
work. A slight pressure of the foot moves the
wheels and shovels simultaneously to the right or
left at the will ofthedrlver.whilethe width between
gaDgs and depth of shovels are instantly and easily
adjusted while machine is in motion.
Hillsides, Uneven Land
and Crooked Rows as jMT* Vi
Easily Cultivated as
Level Ground.
Simple iu construction-
nothing to get out of order.
Made entirely of steel and mal¬
leable iron — every part inter¬
changeable. Built for wear
and work. Light draft high
wheels and perfect balance.
There is just one Kraus—
if your dealer does not have
it accept no other— but write
us. Send today for free catalog,
AKRON CULTIVATOR CO.,
‘dept. 13. AKRON, OHIO
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
Here Is The Harrow
To Usefln Your Farm
ACME
Because the “ACME” Harrow
gives results. It is used for
preparing the soil for all grains
and alfalfa. It is particularly suc¬
cessful because the sharp, sloping
knives cut through to the undersoil,
cutting and slicing trash that has been
turned under by the plow and leaving it
buried to fertilize the growing crops. It
can he used on all klndsof land, whether the
soil be heavy or light, preparing a perfect
seed bed.
Pulverizing Har¬
row, Clod Crusher
and Leveler
cuts, crushes, turns, levels and smoothes in
one operation, and is theonly implement neces¬
sary to be used after the plow in completely fit¬
ting your soil for the seed. There are no lumps
or air spaces between the furrows. The under
soil isleft compacted and the topsoil loose. This
conserves the moisture for the growing crops
and will insure you larger yields per acre. The
“ACME” Harrow is made of steel and iron, is
light of draft and easily handled. Sizes from 3
to 17}$ feet wide— a size to suit your needs.
Price, the cheapest riding Harrow made. On
a twenty acre field the “ACME” will pay for
itself in one season through increased yield.
Let us send you our booklet and catalog,
“Preparation of the Soil”-FREE. It will
mean money for you. Ask your dealer for
prices, or write to DUANE H. NASH, Inc.,
137 Division Are.,
Millington, N. J.
General Agents,
JOHN DKKRK PLOW CO. ,
Syracuse, N. Y.
Death the Stomach
Worms Guaranteed
We will eend you 100 lbs. of DR.
HOLLAND’S MEDICATED STOCK
SALT on 60 days’ trial freight,
prepaid. If you derive no benefit,
it costs you nothing; If you do, It
costs you $5.00. Give us your or¬
der at once.
The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio.
IF YOU ARE
SATISFIED THE
CHARTER
IS 0. K. we expect to serve
you: if not, let us satisfy
you by Proof.
Stationaries, Portables, Etc.
Want our Catalog?
State your power needs.
CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO..
Box 26, Sterling, III., U. S. A.
Somewhere I have seen It stated that
Houdans need special treatment in order to
be handled successfully ; but no explanation
was given as to wliat was meant by that,
and I wish you would enlighten me. I
have never kept any Houdan poultry, but
have thought of doing so, and have hesi¬
tated on account of the above statement.
Massachusetts. G. E. H.
I have kept the Houdan for several years,
but have never had to give them any
different treatment from other breeds that
I have kept at different times. I have
hatched Houdan eggs under hens, and in in¬
cubators ; brooded the chicks under the old
hen, in lamp-heated, and in fireless brooders.
I have fed them on prepared chick foods,
on wot mash, and on dry mash. In ad¬
dition to the Houdans, I have kept Fly-
mouth Rocks, and Wyandottes for sitters,
as the Houdan is strictly a non-sitter. The
Houdans have had with us. exactly the
same treatment as these two breeds, and I
have raised as many Houdans to maturity
as of the others. Houdan chicks are alert,
active little fellows, and if given free
range will pick up lots of feed, and come
home at night with their crops full, and
I have found that we can get them to the
broiler stage as quickly as either P. Rocks,
or Wyandottes and with a much less expen¬
diture of food. I have handled the old
stock just as I have other fowls. e
have some cold weather down here in
Maine. This Winter we have had it down
to 20 degrees below zero quite a few months,
but our Houdans have been kept in houses
with the windows partly open at all times,
and I have fed and attended to them
just as I would the other breeds, and have
had no colds, or any kind of sickness. I
cannot see why the Houdan should be
thought to require any different treatment
from other breeds, but think it must be
because, on account of its crest and fifth
toe, it looks somewhat different from other
fowls, and so is supposed to require differ¬
ent handling, in fact it is by many classed
solely as a fowl for exhibition purposes,
and not as a breed to be kept for eggs and
for meat. Yet it is a breed that in parts,
of France is the fowl that is mainly kept
for market purposes, and in parts of Eng¬
land is largely kept for laying, their large
white eggs being in demand in the fancy
egg market. We who have been breeding
the Houdan, find that the breed is one
that lias many good qualities, and a few
of these qualities that commend it to the
ultility poultry-keeper are that it is quick
to grow fat and feather as a chick, mak-
rThe one solid foundation of business success is Square Dealing, Service
Prlc. and Durability.
is the simplest gasoline engine built. A boy y »jl II I IX 17 1 , If I, LI
can run it as well asaman. One of the special
features of the Waterloo Boy is the Speed
Lever, which works like the throttle of a locomotive. W. 1Y|IT\AT
You can vary the speed while the engine is running l/lJlv/Al
from 50 to 75 revolutions per minute. . .....
Our patented Mixer does away with the pump and ^
secures economy in the use of fuel. The old reliable Fly Ball Governor
is sensitive and keeps the speed steady.
Our improved Igniter is as simple as a pair of scissors — it never misses.
Your local dealer is our representative to help you if you need help and
to see that you get satisfaction, and this without extra charge. Waterloo
Boy engines will cost you no more than Mail Order Engines and you have this service thrown in.
What shall we say of the price? Simply this — we name the underselling price. How can we do this? Because of the
simplicity of our engine, the large volume of our business and our well equipped factory. The fact that we specialize on engines
only enables us to build them cheaper than others. Then too, our selling methods are inexpensive. That is why the
Waterloo Boy, in price, is under all others.
.IJUKl'JHHKJ'V.',
The Buttercup Cream Separator
stands side by side with the Waterloo Soy Gasoline E,ngine on the same solid foundation. Like the Waterloo Boy it is simple, attractive,
efficient, built of the best material and built to last. It is one of the first machines to combine the wing and disc principles of skimming. It gets 99 and 99-100%
of the cream. That is the best any cream separator has done.
The Buttercup is low down, has heavy, steady frame. The bowl is simple and easily cleaned. The machine runs easy and is good for a lifetime of service.
The Waterloo Boy Gasoline E,ngine and the Buttercup Cream Separator are built on merit and sold on honor. For all around
service and satisfaction year after year they lead the world.
We make them in enormous quantities, sell them at a low price. We have no high priced experts, no traveling salesmen, no expensive offices. We give the
man who buys the advantage of our bed rock prices. We guarantee these machines tor 5 years. If you are interested in either one or both write us for catalogs.
Waterloo Gasoline Engine Co
Waterloo, Iowa
1911.
RURAL NEW-YORKER
483
MIL K.
In effect March 1 the New York Ex¬
change price was reduced one-half cent to
$1.61 per 40-cjuart can, netting 314 cents
to shippers in 26-cent zone who have no
additional station charges.
Milk is handled here by the Ilelvetta Milk
Condensing Co. Milk routes are established
on all the principal roads going out from
six to 12 miles gathering in the milk. The
present price is $1.75 per 100 pounds. I
am not prepared to give the minimum or
maximum price ; think an average price
would be $1.50 per 100 pounds. The com¬
pany pays out for milk about one million
per annum. Poultry is given much atten¬
tion and farmers realize nice profits from
eggs and market poultry mostly sold to
local buyers. Cows are bringing from $50
to $125. Land from $80 to $200 per acre.
Ohio. s. N. F.
At a recent convention held at Fargo,
North Dakota, the connection between clean
milk and high-class butter was strikingly
shown. Some of the defects in the samples
of milk scored were : “Visible dirt,” the
result of unclean cows, stables, milker or
utensils; “stale flavor,” caused by not prop¬
erly cooling before bottling. Milk bottled
while it contains animal heat is likely to
develop disgusting odor and flavor, and
sours quickly. The other defects mentioned
were; “Kitchen flavor” and “salty flavor.”
The latter is the result of some physical
derangement of the can, and the former
from cooking odors, stored vegetables, and
sometimes tobacco, where smoking is
allowed in the house. From the same farm,
with a sample of milk that scored nearly
perfect in respect to visible dirt, was ex¬
hibited a sample of butter, doubtless made
from the same milk, which received the
highest score on flavor. Again from the
same farm with a sample of milk showing
much visible dirt was exhibited a sample of
butter that scored lowest on flavor.
SANITARY MILK PAILS.
Bulletin 326. of the Geneva. N. Y., Ex¬
periment Station, deals with milk pails and
experiments made to improve them from the
standpoints of convenience and cleanliness.
One of the best of these improved pails is
THE STORRS MILK PAIL. Fig. 163.
shown at Fig. 163. This is called the
Storrs pail, and was devised by Prof. J.
M. Trueman. A careful comparative test
of this with the ordinary open pail showed
that the bacterial content of the milk
drawn in the Storrs pail was only half that
in the other under the same stable condi¬
tions. Pictures of other pails will be shown
later.
Wild Onions and Milk.
Tell the farmers who have plenty of wild
onions on their farms what to feed to cows
to destroy the smell or taste from the milk
and butter and you will certainly confer a
great favor on the farmers. w. b. b.
Virginia.
We cannot tell, and doubt if there is
anything that will do it entirely. We have
heard charcoal and cooking soda suggested
— the charcoal because it absorbs and holds
gases. If anyone knows we would like to
share his wisdom.
An “Oleo” Senator.
I like your sentiments on the reciprocity
question, as you say “a farmer must cut
his own swath.” A good place for the
dairyman to commence is on the oleo ques¬
tion. I notice we have a Senator in this
State (McClellan) small enough to intro¬
duce a bill in the interest of the oleo peo¬
ple. Think of the great State of New
York, foremost in dairying, represented in
its Legislature by a man so devoid of
patriotism that lie will for money deal a
death blow to the leading interest of the
State. The bill 1 refer to seeks to allow
manufacturers and others to sell or give
away coloring matter to tint uncolored oleo,
also to brand with names suggestive of
dairy butter. The first thing 1 did when
this bill was called to my attention was
to send a protest to the Senator and As¬
semblyman— for whom I voted last Fall —
against their giving it their support. At
least two buttermakers in this State have
been indicted by the Government for selling
fitter containing over 16 per cent water.
Jt the law is so zealous of the public
health 1 would like to ask why more con¬
victions are not secured under the law
wbieh prohibits the sale of oleo as butter,
and why the penalty is not as severe in
such cases as for adulterated butter. Dairy
farmers should insist that oleo should not
be sold or transported in any tub, box,
dish, parcel or other container unless said
containei* is marked “oleo,” and that all
material used for wrapping or securing
said package of oleo- must be branded
“oleo.’ If oleo is just as good as butter
let the manufacturers show their faith in
their goods by advertising them.
New York. g. e. h.
A Gloomy Milk View. — It looks as if
New England farmers, especially those de¬
pending on the production of milk, would
have a hard time to make both ends meet
in the future if various things turn out as
they look to us now. Our President is work¬
ing against us in urging reciprocity in farm
products, especially dairy products, which
will, if it goes through, hit us hard. The
contractors are threatening a nine-cent cut
on Massachusetts milk, and seven cents on
out of the State milk, and as under pres¬
ent laws they can bring milk from Canada
for five cents a can freight, just what we
are paying only 28 miles from Boston, we
are practically helpless, as a strike under
these conditions would do us no good what¬
ever. If the Saunders law is repealed I
cannot see where it will do us any good,
as it will not stop the distant or outside
milk at all. It seems to me it means just
this ; milk business except for local mar¬
kets is dead in Massachusetts. This must
affect and reduce the price of hay and such
products, and drive farmers into other busi¬
ness or other kinds of farming, the pros¬
pects of which are not really encouraging
at present, or for the near future. Farm
values must drop in spite of city buyers,
some of whom are at present helping keep
up the Boston milk supply by making large
quantities at a loss just to amuse them¬
selves farming, having money to throw
away, and are doing just that and hurting
other producers and farmers by so doing.
Hopkinton, Mass. a. e. p.
An Interested Party.
I notice in your issue of March 25 that
Mr. L. V. Axtell, of Perry, Ohio, writes
an article saying that Missy of the Glen
should not be required to “come back.”
Has it occurred to you that Mr. Axtell is
almost as much interested in Missy of
the Glen as Mr. Taylor himself, as he
bred Fernwood of Homestead 7448, who
sired Missy of the Glen, and sold him
to Mr. Taylor? Possibly this accounts
for the position Mr. Axtell takes in the
matter. I should say, offhand, that he is
what might be called an interested par¬
ty, and would be rather anxious to have
Missy of the Glen’s record remain on the
list of the Advanced Register, as he un¬
doubtedly has some of the same blood in
his herd, and it would, of course, affect
their value.
Massachusetts. R. L. S.
Why Don’t You Put Concrete Piers
Under Your Corn Crib?
They require no extra support, are absolutely solid,
simple to make and everlasting. The continuous
bracing and replacing of wood or stone pillars is
done away with and in the long run the cost is less.
Plans for Concrete Construction FREE
Write us today for simple, definite plans for building:
No. 1 — Sidewalks, No. 2 — Troughs, No. 3 — Porches and Steps
If you want instructions how to build concrete floors, founda¬
tions, well curbs, posts, silos, tanks, dipping vats, cisterns or
concrete blocks or anything else, write us at once, describing
fully just what you want to build.
This service Is Free. The only expense to you will be
the postage used in writing us. Address the nearest
office of the Company.
Blind Teat.
I have a cow with one bad teat ; I can
get no milk from that quarter. I tried a
milking tube, but it did no good ; the teat
is full and soft, has been that way for two
or three years. What would be good to
shrink that quarter, as I don't think it will
give anv milk, and I don't like the looks
of it. L. J. R.
Ohio.
Do not attempt to open the blind teat
duct, as to do so would be to spread infec¬
tion and probably spoil the entire udder.
Rubbing t£ie abnormal quarter twice daily
witli a mixture of equal parts fluid extract
of belladonna leaves and camphorated oil
will tend to lessen milk secretion and pre¬
vent garget. A. s. a.
UNIVERSAL PcementD COMPANY
CHICAGO — PITTSBURG
Northwestern Office: Minneapolis
“EVERYTHING FOR DAIRYMEN ALWAYS IN STOCK”
WISHER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 230 ^cwvo'rk^ ST*
A'r5
n
MUM
on
u rra
A Horse is
What His Stomach
Makes Him
Few horse owners realize it, yet it’s a fact that the physical beauty,
courage and endurance of the horse depend upon a healthy normal action
of one function — digestion. The stomach of the horse is small and his ration
less than the great bulk consumed by the milch cow or fatting steer. Evidently,
then, this smaller ration of the horse must be thoroughly digested or his physical
fitness will suffer. Here is where
DB HESS STOCK P
pays for itself many times over. It is a digestive tonic, formulated by Dr. Hess (M.D.,
D.V.S.)and intended to aid and strengthen animal digestion. A horse getting a trifling dose
of it twice a day turns his smaller mess of hay and grain into muscular energy and physi¬
cal fitness. A milch cow receiving it converts more meal, hay and fodder into milk. A
fatting steer, sheep or hog, fed regularly with small doses of Dr. Hess Stock Food, grows
faster and lays on sweeter, firmer flesh than would be possible without its use. “A poor
ration, well digested, is better than the best ration poorly digested.” This is “The Dr.
Hess Idea” of live stock feeding and all farm animals are the better for it. Dr. Hess
Stock Food relieves minor stock ailments. Sold on a written guarantee. Ask your
dealer for it.
EMM
TV
A
v .
m.
MM
VrA
100 lbs. $5.00
25 lb. pail $1 .60
Except in Canada and extreme West and South.
Smaller quantities at a slight advance.
Also manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ee-a and
Instant Louse Killer. Free from the 1st to the 10th of each
month— Dr. Hess (M. D., D. V. S.) will prescribe for your ailing animals. 96-page Veterinary
Book free for the asking. Send 2c stamp and mention this paper.
Dr. Hess Stock Food Makes
“Blue Ribbon” Winners
DR. HESS & CLARK
Ashland, Ohio
DU. HESS POULTRY PfiU-A-CE-A LaHng hens> growing chicks, moulting fowls— poultry of all
"*“* rVULIIll ■ Mil M Uk M kinds, ages and sizes — need Ur. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a in daily
doses. It stimulates egg production, hastens growth and fattening, shortens the moulting period, cures minor ail¬
ments and pays the poultryman several hundred per cent, profit on its purchase price. Ask your dealer for it.
1 % lbs. 25c; mail or express 40c; 5 lbs. 60c; 12 lbs. $1.25; 25 lb. pail, $2.50.
Except in Canada and extreme West and South.
Send 2c for Dr. Hess 48-page Poultry Book, free.
INSTANT LOUSE KILLER KfUS LEGE
434
April S,
SUGGESTIONS FOR A HOGHOUSE.
I would like plans for a hoghouse. I
would like about six brood sows at present,
and raise the pigs to fatten, so would need
covered pens with open runs attached.
Would also like room attached for cooker
and feed room. I would like to build so it
could be conveniently added to if so desired.
Would concrete or wood be best for mate¬
rial? A. H. B.
Saugerties, N. Y.
It is a difficult matter to plan a hog¬
house to suit a farmer from a short
written request without knowing the
surroundings and circumstances govern¬
ing the need of such a building. It will
hardly be possible in a swine-growing
section to find two permanent hoghouses
built on the same plan. Farmers it seems
differ as much in this as they do in
building their own homes. When it
comes to a single or colony house great
numbers of a single pattern can be found
in a section of country where each far¬
mer grows a greater or less number of
pigs. Further than heating water for
mixing slop, cooking potatoes and occa¬
sionally warming the house at farrow¬
ing time, there is no need of heat. There
is no profit in cooking grains of any
kind. There is nothing like sunshine
to give health to young pigs aside from
the milk from their dams. Consequent¬
ly in planning a house provision should
be made for this. It does not require a
great space covered with sunshine to
meet the wants of a litter of pigs.
It is not a good plan to build a house
so pens will be on the north side where
the pigs can have no sunshine. If a
house fronts the southeast more sun¬
shine can be had than in any other
position. A room for a single sow and
litter should be at least 10x5 feet, and
besides this space allotted there should
be an alleyway four feet wide to pass
in front of the pens, for convenience in
feeding and cleaning out. Thus for six
sows we shall want a building 30x14,
and besides this a room 10x14 feet for
feed room and heater. When desired
this building can be extended from the
end of the stalls, or from the feed room.
The most satisfactory way to build
this is to have a cement door, sloping
from the back towards the front, the
front towards the southeast, the floor
part of the pens sloping two inches in
the 10 feet, leaving the floor of the
alley level. If the feed room is placed
in the center of the building the heating
apparatus can be made use of at far¬
rowing time for at least two sows, and
when the pigs are well started at a day
or two old they can be moved to an¬
other stall. To get the best satisfaction
from a building of this kind there should
be a lot in front of each stall with a
doorway into the alley, and a gateway
into the stall. It is not possible to have
the pigs do very well for a long time
on the cement floor. They must get
on to the ground for thrift. It will be a
good plan to have the partitions and
doors portable, as by taking them out
or opening them against the walls it
makes more room, and the pens or stall
floors can be used as a feeding floor.
The cement floor should be high enough
above the ground level to allow filling
up against the wall so the water would
drain away from the building. There
should be a wall a few inches higher
than the floor around and built at same
time the floor is built so that all is
solid. Then the owner can put a wooden
or cement building on top of this. It
must be remembered that all cracks or
holes that will admit air must be
guarded against at the same time provi¬
sion is made for ventilation when needed.
This superstructure can be such as suits
the fancy of the owner, high enough to
give storage room for an extra amount
of feed or bedding, although there is
some risk in storing the latter, on ac¬
count of fire in the feed room. If any
currents are allowed for ventilation they
should pass over the sows and pigs.
An abundance of bedding should be
THE RURAb NEW-YORKEE
used to take up all moisture. Damp¬
ness makes a chill air.
Ross Co., O. JOHN M. JAMISON.
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.
Of the several dairy breeds Holsteins
are noted for giving a great volume of
milk, which characteristic makes them
the ideal cow for milk dairies. Regis¬
tered Holstein-Friesians are outnum¬
bered by Jerseys, but much exceed in
numbers any of the other breeds. In
the State of New York statistics show
that there are 32,OSO registered Hol¬
steins, 6,448 Jerseys, 2,907 Guernseys,
and 2,065 Ayrshires, a very good show¬
ing for the Holsteins. Where the sale
of milk is the main consideration, the
Holsteins have their innings. Though
they produce heavy yields of milk, the
percentage of butter fat is low, and
those interested in butter making chiefly
prefer cows giving richer milk. While
the percentage of butter fat is compara¬
tively low there is a great volume of
this milk produced, making the total
yield of butter ample for any particular
cow. The picture on page 459, Fig. 155,
shows a high-priced registered Ilolstein-
Friesian cow having a high record for
milk production. This animal has a well
marked dairy conformation ; wedge-
shaped body, thin quarters and .min,
tapering neck and a large udder and
milk veins. We hear much lately about
dual-purpose cows ; such cows, able to
produce calves of some promise as beef
steers and a fair lot of milk may do
for the general purpose farm, but for
the specialized dairy farm the special¬
ized dairy cow is the most profitable
kind, and for the milk dairy the Holstein
fills the bill. w. e. duckwaia.
Ohio.
WHAT KIND OF SILAGE CORN?
To me there was a “sort” of connect¬
ing link between the darkey preacher,
“Uncle Moses,” and “What kind of sil¬
age corn shall we plant,” page 81, for
the reason that the last has been an¬
swered to hundreds of silo men in north¬
east Ohio from this same point of view
at Afton, Va. For the last five years
10,000 or more acres of silage corn has
been planted each year in this vicinity,
from corn sent from Afton and Bates-
ville, Va., and the acreage is steadily
increasing. Some of our local dealers
are selling as high as 1,000 bushels of
it each year, and new customers com¬
ing each season. The answer to this
popularity comes from this cause. This
corn, naturally of a large growing, ro¬
bust variety, is grown on the plateaus
of the Blue Ridge, quite 2,000 feet above
tide level and has as short a growing
season as our northern varieties, and
with about the same proportion in quan¬
tity, as noted by Mr. Martin, page 81,
as between Eureka and Sanford.
Brought North and planted in northern
Ohio with its altitude of about 1,100
feet, it grows to very large size, pro¬
fusely leaved, and heavily eared if
planted about 10 to 12 quarts per acre,
and by September 20 is matured fully
in all respects for the silo. Grown up
here it is remarkably charged with
sweetening elements, and if fed in the
Fall as a soiling crop, is so toothsome
that it is eaten up to the last remnant.
About 15 years ago I chanced upon this
high-growing, Blue Ridge corn for sil¬
age, and have never found its equal for
germinating power of seed, vigor of
growth, and profuse earing, with the re¬
sult as narrated in the beginning of this
article. John gould.
Aii Ideal Farm Pump
It will save time and labor every day and
make it possible to have running water in house,
barn, stable or yard.
1 f PYRAMID
{jFOUldS Pump
will supply all the water you can use at little
expense. Don’t waste your men’s time carrying
water from the well for stock or household use.
Do away with this drudgery — have running water
wherever you need it and fire protection as well.
The “ Pyramid” is the highest type of Power Pump for
connection to gasoline engines or other forms of drive. It
is made of the best materials ; every mechanical detail is
perfect; solidly and strongly constructed to stand heavy
pressure and give continuous service.
Our Free Book
“ Water Supply for the Home ”
tells all about this pump that every farmer needs. Tells about
our many other pumps, including lift pumps and force pumps,
single and double-acting pumps, hydraulic rams. etc. The most
complete little book issued on the subject of pumps.
The Goulds Mf^. Company, 58 W. Fall St., Seneca Falls, N. Y.
Farmers,
Nitrate of Soda
Sulphate of Potash
the man behind the Plow want* a Good Fertilizer. For the
Land’s sake give him the real Farm Chemical, such as:
Muriate of Potash
Kainit
Our 40 years of experience, prompt service, best facilities, are back of every bag of these Genuine Materials.
We advise to buy now, prompt service. Write us for Prices TO-DAY. Any amount from 200-lb. bag up.
FARMERS UNITED CHEMICAL CO.,
Box 317, Reading, Pa.
AIR
COOLED
THE BEST FARM POWER FOR ALL WORK
Marathon, N. Y., Feb. 18, 1010.
Gentlemen:— Threshed 48 bus. Buckwheat per hour. Started
easy last winter, temperature 15° below zero. Geoiiok H. Guy.
IT WILL DO IT FOR YOU. GET CATALOG NO. 5.
Cohpany i 4 o siie iu dak
iJ&sme, Hicufgak, If.S.A. S T II FI FI T
AMERICAN SAW MILLS
Make most money because they do best work in
quickest time with least power and smallest crews,
owing to their simple construction and improved,
patented devices. Portable and stationary. All sizes.
Variable Frietion Feed, Combined Uutchet Set works
and quick Keceder and other superior features. F ree
Catalog and Prices will interest you. Lists our com*
plete line of wood working machinery.
American Saw Mill Machinery Co.
129 Hope St., llackettstown, N. J.
1582Terminal Buildings, New York
.The Thompson-Breese
A --I-. T|1 _ _ Handled by One Man—
/■% 1] gflfH P Ifl Wf mam Does Work of 6 Men
1 M 1VWW and 12 Horses— Easily
One man plows 10 to 12 acres a day, any depth from 1 to 10 inches. Plows
absolutely uniform, no matter how uneven the ground. Right driving
wheel 17 inches ahead of left wheel makes outfit ride over gullies or
furrows without jolts. Three 14-inch plows hung under the frame
forward of operator's seat— work always in sight. Right wheels
track in furrow, practically no steering needed after first furrow.
Touching foot lever operates power lifting device for raising and
lowering plows while machine is in motion. Double opposed engine,
r-incli bore, 10-inch stroke — more than 30 horse power. Weight
only 8900 pounds with plows and water tanks and gasoline tank filled.
Plow hitch from front of machine, giving same pull as horse hitch. High
grade transmission and differential, three speeds forward and one reverse
—just like best automobiles. Not an experiment, but a real, proved, prac¬
tical Auto-Plow, guaranteed unconditionally to do satisfactory work. An
all around power outfit, not only for plowing, but for harrowing, seeding,
cutting grain, threshing it and hauling it to market. Also best belt
power for all farm machinery. An all round complete power outfit.
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
giving full description, with prices and terms
THOMPSON-BREESE COMPANY,
Department 109 Wapakoneta, Ohio
urn.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
486
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending March 31, 1911.
butte u
Receipts are heavy and prices have
dropped two to three cents. Creamery is
now selling for 10 cents less than last
year at this date, and eight cents under
1909.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 21 © .22
Good to Choice . 18 @ .21)
cower Grades . 15 @ .17
Storage . 15 @ .20
State Dairy, best . 19 © .20
Common to Good . U @ .17
Factory . 14 @ .15
Packing Stock . 12 @ .14
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 24 cents.
Boston, western creamery, 22 cents.
Philadelphia, western creamery, 23 cents.
CHEESE
The market is steady on the better grades
of whole milk. New make is rather scarce
yet, most of it selling in the range of
nine to 10 cents.
Full Cream, best, Fallmade . 14 @ .15
Common to Good . 12 @ .13
New Made . 09 @ ,10hj
Skims . 05 (ft .10
EGG8
Receipts are very large, 6,548,360 dozens
having arrived at New York in six days.
Conditions have been quite favorable here,
however, as consumption is heavy and
storage for speculation is active. Tennessee.
Missouri. Iowa and Indiana are making
large egg shipments East.
White, good to choice . 18 (ft .20
Mixed Colors, best . 17 @ is
Common to Good . 15 © .17
Western, best . 17 @ .is
Under grades . 12 (ft .15
Duck eggs, dozen . 28 © .33
Goose eggs, dozen . 05 @ .80
‘ BEANS
Arrivals are light but fully up to the
demand at present. Market on California
Lima and Red Kidney firm.
Marrow, 100 lbs . 3.00 © 3.70
Medium . 3.00 © 3.45
Pea . 3.00 (ft 3.50
Velio w Eye . 3.65 @ 3.70
Bed Kidney . . ’. . 5.20 © 5.55
WhitcKidney . 4.75 © 5.00
Dima, California . 0.60 (ft 6.70
HOPS
Very few sales are reported, as those
having stoeks on hand are holding firmly
for higher figures.
Prime to Choice .
Common to Good .
Pacific Coast. .
.28 @
.21 (ft
.00 (ft
.29
.27
22
Geiinan Crop, 1910 .
.53
CIDER VINEGAR
Now York prices for single
barrel
lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal .
Standard Grade .
.22 ©
.13 @
.24
.15
DRIED FRUITS
Business is at a standstill in
all grades.
practically
Apples, evap. prime .
Kvap., com. to good . .
Sun Dried . . .
Chops .
Cores and Skins .
Raspberries .
Cherries .
.12 ©
.06 (ft
.06 @
.07 ©
.07 <4©
.28 @
.15 ©
13
.11
.0734
.08
.in y,
.30
.18
EltESH FRUITS
Receipts of barrelled fruit are light ;
box stock plentiful, lint selling well. Cran¬
berries getting scarce and market firm, with
some sales above quotations. Strawberries
running poor.
Apples. Iiusset, bbl . . . 3. 00 @ 4.00
Winesap . 4.00 © 6.00
Greening . 4.00 © 6.50
York Imperial . 4.00 © 6.00
Baldwin . 4.00 © 5.50
Ben Davis . 3.50 @ 5.00
Spy . 4.00 © 5.50
Western—
Newtown, box- . 1.25 © 2.25
Spitz, box . 1.59 (ft 2.50
Rome, box . 1.60 @2 25
Black Ben, box . ] 75 @ 2.25
Gano. box . 1 .60 © 2.00
Cranberries —
Cape Cod. bbl . 10.00 @12.00
Dong Island, bbl . 12.00 @13.00
Jersey, bbl . 9.U0 @10.50
Strawberries, Fla., qt . 15 © .50
Oranges. Fla. box . 2.00 © 3.00
Porto Rico . 2.50 © 2.75
California . 2.50 @ 3.76
Grape Fruit. Fla. box . 2.50 (ft 3.50
Pineapples, Havana, 18s . 1.50 © 2 25
Porto Rico, 80s to 24s . 2.50 © 3 00
HONEY
Market continues dull
on all but ex-
traded clover, which is scarce.
White Clover, lb .
.10
©
.13
Buckwheat, lb .
.08
®
.10
Extracted, lb . . .
.07
©
.10
VKGETA BDES
Market on old potatoes is firm, an in¬
crease of 25 to 30 eentss per barrel on
fairly good stock being noted. Sweet pota¬
toes in light receipt and firm. Asparagus
arriving freely both from the South and
California, and much lower. Old cabbage
scam- and higher; new very plentiful and
weak. Kale and spinach largely poor and
in very heavy supply. Prime lettuce selling
well. Onion market very firm. Green peas
plentiful and lower. Tomatoes plentiful and
largely poor.
Potatoes — N. Y. State. ISO lbs . 1.40 (ft 1.60
Maine . 1.02 @.4.87
Southern, new, No. 1, bbl . 6.25 @ 6.50
Southern, new, No. 2, bbl . 5.00 © 5.50
\ irginia, second crop, bbl.. . 1.50 © 2.60
Sweet, Jersey, bkt . ■. . 1.00 (ft 2.00
Sweet Virginia, bbl . . . 1.75 © 2.25
Asparagus. Southern, f ’ey doz . 3.75 © 4 00
Good to prime . 2.00 © 3.50
Calif., green, fancy . 4.00 © 4.50
Calif . green, common to good . 2.50 © 3.50
Brussels Sprouts, qt . 08 © .18
Beets, new. 100 bunches . 2.50 © 4 00
I,bl . 1.50 © 2.00
Southern, new, 100 bunches . 1.50 © 2.50
Cabbage— Danish seed, ton . 12.00 @16.00
New. Southern, bbl . 75 @1.62
dK?i . . © 1.00
Scp.Umibe»lHi FIa" bU . •• • . . . * 2.00 (t 3^50
Kale hk lbW . 2.00 ® 3 60
Kohlrabi, Southern. 100 bunches . 2.50 (ft 4.00
Dettuce, h»-bbt. bkt. . . 50 (ft 2 00
Peppers, Southern, bu . 2.00 © 300
kennel. Southern, bbl . o nn ^ a nn
Horseradish, 100 lbs . . . . . . ..V.;:". 5.00 I 8 00
Okr? F?ianc F1’1' bI;t . 2.00 © 4.00
Okra, P la. Carrier . 2 Ofl (s, '■{ on
Onions, Orange Cq., bag . ’ . 2A0 © 3 50
State and Western, 140 lb. bag . 2.00 © 3A0
pe^s Fiap,.cbue:.bu::: .
Radishes, 8 n % bbl.-bkt. " i.ou © 4 50
Komaine. Southern, bbl . 75 & 1.25
Salsify, 10.) bunches . 5.00 (ft 7.00
Striug Beans, bu . 1.00 @ 3.50
Spinach, bbl . 75 © 1.12
oquasn, bbl . 1.75 © 2.25
Turnips. Rutabaga, bbl . 75 (ft 1.00
White, bbl . 1.00 © 1.50
Decks. Southern, 100 bunches . 2.U0 @ 4.00
Egg Plants. Fla., box . 2.50 © 3.U0
Parsnips, bbl . 1.25 (ft 1.75
Parsley bbl . 3.00 © 4.00
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 75 © 1.37
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Lettuce scarce ; cucumbers and radishes
lower ; tomatoes very dull.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 75 © 1.00
Common to good . 50 tft .60
Mnsnrooms, lb . 15 © .40
Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 (ft 2 50
Rhubarb, doz bunches . 25 © .65
Tomatoes, Jb . 05 © .10
DIVE POUDTUY
Arrivals moderate and market fairly firm,
particularly on fowls.
Chickens, lb . 14 @ .15
Fowls . 17 © .17hs
Roosters . . 08 (ft .09
Ducks . 16 (ft .18
Geese . 09 @ .10
Turkeys . 12 @ .1
DRESSED POULTRY— Fresh Killed
Receipts of fowls light and market firm
for fowls averaging four pounds.
Turkeys. Fancy . 19 @ 2)
Common to Good . 16 (ft .1!
Chickens, roasting, prime . 18 @ .21
Common to Good . 14 @ .1(
Fancy broilers, lb . 36 © .41
Broilers, common to good . 25 @ .31
Fowls . 14 (ft .11
Squabs, doz . 1.75 @ 4.71
DRESSED POUGTRY-Fhozen
Trade dull and dealers anxious to get
rid of their holdings.
Turkeys, best . 22 © .23
Chickens, milk-fed broilers . 22 © .25
Corn-fed broilers . 15 © .22
Mi lk- fed roasters . 17 © .18
Corn-fed roasters . 15 © .16
Fowls . 12 © .15
Ducks, best . 16 (ft .17
Common to good . . . 13 (ft .15
Geese . 08 @ .14
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Most of the calves arriving are below
medium in quality and selling low. Hot¬
house lambs plentiful, most of them going
under $7.
Calves, good to prime . 10 ® .11
Common . 08 ® .09
Dambs, hothouse, head . 4.00 © 7.00
Pork, light . ... .09 © .10
Medium to heavy . 08 © .0814
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 © .17
HAY AND STRAW
Choice Timothy and clover very firm ;
lower grades dull.
Bay. No. 1, ton . ......... . 20.00 © 21.00
No. 2 . 18.00 @ 19.00
No. 3 . 14.00 © 16.00
Clover Mixed . . . 12.00 © 18 00
Clover . . 11.00 © 16.00
Straw, Rye . 9.00 © 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 © 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Most of the native steers and cows offered
are low grade and hard to sell. Calves
scarce: medium and upper grades selling
well. Demand for lambs active.
Native Steers. 100 lbs . 6 25 (ft 6.40
Oxen and Stags . 4.50 (ft 5.00
Cows . 2.40 @4.75
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 5.50 @ 8.50
„ Culls . 4.00 © 5.00
Sheep, 100 lbs . 4.00 @ 4.50
Lambs . 6.00 © 7.15
Hogs . 7.00 @7.70
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1. Northern Spring . 1.05 © ...
No. 2, Red . 93 © ...
No. I Macaroni . 95 (ft ...
Corn, as to quality, bush . (9 © .53
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ 38
. 76 © i80
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 26.25 ® 27.75
Standard Middlings . 27.00 @ 28.50
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop . 21.50 © 22.50
Linseed Meal...-. . 34.50 @ 36.00
Corn Meal . 23.00 © 24.00
( Continued on page 487)
Fertilizer* Sower
For Broadcast
Top-dressing
or Sowing
in Rows
Spreads to width /.
of 5 ft. 10 inches, ‘t
200 to 4000 lbs.
per acre.
Handles
All
Commer¬
cial
Fertilizers
LOW— EASIEST TO LOAD
Broad tires, no rutting. Quick changes from sowing
in rows to broadcasting, also for thick and thtn
spreading. Furnished with shafts or tongue.
Write for descriptive circulars and testimonials.
Special Large Size, Sows 8 Feet 3 Inches Wide.
BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO.
Box 75 Chicopee Falls, Mass.
GREEN MOUNTAIN
SILOS
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative if you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.,
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
Sheared by Hand
Sheared by Machine
4
>
« .»
-><rQa
t. , -S. - - . -5
Which Way Do You Shear?
It takes an expert to use the old hand shear well and the work is hard and irksome. It
means tired, swollen wrists and aching back. It means second cuts in the wool, uneven
shearing and, very often, injury to the sheep. Willi a Stewart Shearing Machine all that
is changed. Anyone can operate it and do good work. It turns easy, shears fast and
even, does not put any second cuts in the wool and gets from 15c to 40c worth more
from each sheep than the hand shear.
This Stewart Ball Bearing
Shearing Machine No. 9
has all gears cut from the solid steel bar and made file hard. They are all enclosed and
protected from dust and dirt and run in oil. Every joint of the shearing shaft and the
shearing head itself are filted with ball bearings. As a result it turns easier and shears
faster than any other machine. Price of this machine, com¬
plete, with four combs and four cutters, is only ....
It is the greatest sheep shearing machine value ever offered!
Get one from your dealer or send $2 and we will ship C.O.D.
for the balancn. Remember, if you are not thoroughly pleased
send it back aed get your money. Write todav for our free copyrighted book “in¬
structions on Sheep Shearing” by the leading American expert. SEND NOW. ’
Chicago Flexible Shaft Co., 143 La Salle Av. Chicago
t it turns easier and shears
$1 1.50
Which One Will You rf
Tnst on Your Farm
for Ninety Days ?
Freight Prepaid
Which will yon try. 30 Days’ Free or 90 Days’ Ap¬
proval Test?
—Any capacity from 200 to <)50 pounds per hour,
according to your needs, and I’ll save you from $25.00
to $50.00 on the price.
— The only Separator whose gearing runs in a “Bath
of Oil” like a S5.000 automobile— Feature worth S50.00 alone.
Automatically oils itself — Pour oil at the top.oncc a month
from your oil jug or can — No danger of running dry. or mining
it like others — No oil cups to remember to fill or turn up twice a day.
Dust-proof Danger-proof — Ail gears enclosed — simple but
standard built and absolutely dependable.
GALLOWA Y’S
Only
*2312
and
Up
HIGH GRADE STANDARD CREAM SEPARATORS
—Has the only revolving supply tank— worth $15.00 alone.
Easiest to clean and the few parts come out easy and
can t get back out of place.
~Eas,e‘>t to nin— high crank— low tank. With no high
lifting and nc back-breaking’* cranking.
£*ets. finest quality cream ami all of it — no lumps
or churning, as Nature’s true principle is followed without
forcing either the milk or cream the wrong way up or down.
“~Skims closest in any climate or season, no matter
whether your milk is warm or cold.
—Is as handsome a machine, compact and substantial,
as you ever saw or could find. Beautiful finish.
— Let me send you my Big New Sep¬
arator Book — post paid — Free, so you and your wife and
the boys and girls can talk it over and then trv one of
my separators under my easy plan for you to do it.
You’ll call it the best if you test it alongside any of the
highest priced $85.00 and $110.00 separators sold by
anybody today — makers — catalog houses— dealers — jobbers
Of anybody else. Write me today.
Wm. Galloway , Pres.
WAV. GALLOWAY COMPANY
_ BBS GaUoway St a., Waterloo, la.
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
free. Grand Rapids Veterinary
College, Dep. 15, Graml Rapids, Mich.
|0R LESS GROWS
10 TONS CORN
ENSILAGE EQUAL
[TO 4 TONS OF
BEST HAY YET
BEATS ITASFEED
YOU CARRY ON YOUR BUILDINGS
THAT MAY NEVER BURN DOWN
FIRE INSURANCE
THE K0T DRY WEATHER THAT BURNS OUT
YOUR PASTURE PRODUCES CORN AND THE SILO
INSURES YOU AGAINST BOTH DROUTH & FROST
H Q W ?
ask KALAMAZOO ™LKo co
M ICH E G)AN
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take uphoop—
continuous open-door front — air-tight door and per¬
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. Tk.
Interaati-nal Sll» Cn.. It 5 JUin LineaTiila. a.
THE ROSS SILO
Tlio only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stave.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped witn extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes winter feed equal to June
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
will savo you money. Agents wanted.
Tlio 12. W. ltoss Co.(Est.l850)
Box 13 SrKISGFIEU). OHIO
Continuous-Opening, Braced
Door - Frame, Permanent
Ladder, Interchangeable
Doors, Lightest and
Tightest Doors.
Strongest Hoops,
Best Materials,
Three Styles, Five
kinds of Lum¬
ber, a hundred
other advan¬
tages. All
described
in our
Cata¬
log.
Our
Silo
Catalog
contains
the latest
Information
about Silos.
We invented
the Modern Silo
and have led the
way in improve¬
ments. We offer the
largest variety of
styles and sizes. Send
for our catalog of Silos
and Silo Fillers. “The
kind Uncle Sam uses.’
Harder mfg. Company
BOX II COBLESK1LL, N. Y.
THE UNADILLA SILO
Is superior to any other offered.
A practical Silo for a sensible
farmer. Write f o r o u r
“T W E XT Y-FI VE RE A SONS”
why it is the best.
We also manufacture Farm
Water Tubs and are New Eng¬
land representatives for Papee
Cutters and are in position to
quote low prices upon receipt of
; inquiry. Extra discount for
early orders. Agents wanted.
THE UNADILLA SJL0 CO., Inc., Box B, UNADIL! A, N. Y
OUR GUARANTY
r ._ TVe gua rantee that the
PAPKC will cut ami elevate
more silage than any uther
, cutter, same power being
used, and that it will elevate
^silage 50 feet with less power
p . _,than any other cutter.
PAPFf PNEUMATIC
ensilage cutter
Always ready for business; easy to set
up and operate: never clogs. Durably
built no wood to twist and warp. Write
‘How to Prepare Ensilage”
-^ents wanted in several
localities, attractive proposition.
Jo Distributing Points in U S
PAPEC MACHINE CO.
Box 10 Shortsville, N. Y.
486
PUBLISHER’S DESK
The Mahanoy Division of the Erie Rail¬
road runs through a farm I have leased,
and on March 10, 1910, a fire was set from
a spark from one of their engines, burning
over about two acres of new seeding. I
had it appraised and value was set at $6.
If you can collect the claim will be glad
to pay you for your trouble. u. E. M.
Ohio.
This claim was referred to us in
February, 1911. The farmer had made
repeated efforts for nearly a year to
get an adjustment with no result what¬
ever. We took it up with the railroad,
and in five weeks had check for $6 in
full settlement.
Wc shipped W. S. Swain & Co., Koxlmry,
Mass., a car of No. 1 Timothy hay on
January 2. We recently got the returns
and they claim they sold it at from $1.1.50
to $18 per ton. We were offered $10.40 on
track here by a New York man. No. 1 hay
was selling for .$21 at the time in New
York. We expected to get more, as the firm
offered to handle it for 50 cents a ton com¬
mission. We asked them to furnish the
name and address of the parties to whom
they sold our hay, but all they would say
was to thank us for our letter. We are
out about .$50 on the transaction.
New York. A. F. K.
In reply to our inquiries the firm
write that they received the hay and sold
it to the best of their ability; that the
market there is full of hay, and trade is
dull and prices are very low. Evi¬
dently from their own statement Rox-
bury is not the place to send hay.
I inclose stamped envelope and ask you
to give me advice as to reliability of the
Scranton Correspondence School Stock Com¬
pany. Is it a good investment? They have
an agent in this neighborhood. n. F. u.
Maryland.
There are two such institutions in
Scranton, Pa. One has a good rating
and a good business standing. The
other has been the subject of criticism
by the Federal Government and others.
But we would not recommend the stock
of either of them as an investment for
people not connected with the institu¬
tions. The value of the stock of such
concerns depends entirely on the man¬
agement. No matter if they do pay
good dividends now, the management
may change or conditions change and
results be entirely different later on.
Suppose the principal of your public
school should incorporate himself for
$100,000 on the theory that his salary
is $5,000 and therefore pays five per cent
on the capitalization. How much of the
stock would you take at par? Don't
you see that he could pay you live per
cent or seven per cent while he was
selling the stock, but where would you
come in when the stock was all sold
and he concluded not to teach school
any longer, but preferred to go to
Europe on the $100,000 received from
you and others for stock?
Imprisonment in the Federal prison at
Leavenworth. Ivan., for three years and a
fine of .$1,000 was the sentence imposed
March 24 upon William 1*. Harrison,
wealthy head of a mail-order concern, by
Judge Hollister in the United States Dis¬
trict Court at • -Cincinnati. Harrison was
found guilty. March 23 of using the mails
to defraud; conviction coming upon all
seven counts of two indictments, alleging
that he advertised and sold through the
mails a vacuum carpet cleaner and a wash¬
ing machine, neither of which would do the
work required. The trial lasted more than
four weeks and cost the Government thou¬
sands of dollars to bring witnesses here
from all parts of the country. — Daily Paper.
The result was worth all it cost, and
more. Mr. Harrison operated under the
name of the World Mfg. Co. and the
Armstrong Mfg. Co. The R. N.-Y. re¬
fused the advertising and has continually
advised its people of the nature of the
proposition. It would be interesting to
know what apology will now be made
by the farm papers and others which
have continued to carry the advertising
of this concern after we had exposed
its methods. We would especially like
to hear from those papers that go
through the form of guaranteeing their
advertisers.
Herbert Myrick is reported to have
sold Good Housekeeping Magazine, for¬
merly published at Springfield, Mass.,
to W. R. Hearst, of New York City.
The company under which the magazine
was held was capitalized for $1,000,000,
and Mr. Myrick was at one time trying
to sell the stock to the public at a price
20 per cent above par. The Good House¬
keeping Co. did not publish the magazine,
but rented the privilege to another of
the Myrick concerns. This arrangement
afforded a means of paying dividends
out of the rental whether the magazine
actually earned the dividend or not. It
also furnished a means of limiting the
dividends in case the earnings of the
magazine increased to unexpected pro¬
portions. Of all the devices that have
come to our attention for the sale of
corporate stock and for the manipulation
and control of the revenues of the cor¬
THK RURAL NEW'-YORKER
April 8,
porate companies, this arrangement ln-
Mr. Myrick seemed to us the slickest
and the most satisfactory — for the pro¬
moter of the enterprise. Full details
of the liquidating account ought to be
illuminating to the stockholders. Stock¬
holders in a million-dollar concern,
whose stock was sold at 20 per cent
above par, ought to know .just what its
total assets sold for. The experience
would be valuable to them when
tempted with other stock purchases.
Post office inspectors went yesterday to
No 225 Fifth avenue, whore the old linn
of A. L. Wisner & Go., was doing business \
under the name the Standard Sureties Com¬
pany, and placed A. L. Wisner, E. S. W n-
ner'and Grover S. Trumbull under arrest on
a charge of using the mails to defraud.
They were held in .$7,500. $5,000 and $1,500
respectively. None- of the prisoners ob-
tained bail and all were locked up in the
Tombs. Several thousand dollars, the har¬
vest of the morning mail, was found upon
the desk of the promoter. Chief Post Office
Inspector Warren W. Dickson says that the
Government believes the brokers have ob¬
tained at least $2,000,000 from the public
by the sale of fraudulent securities. At the
offices of the company the most extensive
“Sucker List" known to the Government
detectives was discovered. It contained
about 120,000 names and was divided into
a graduated list of persons who would send
money more or less quickly in response to
letters and prospectuses of mines and oil
wells. One list was headed “Special,” an¬
other was headed “Good” and another
••Fair.” One list was marked “Worth Try¬
ing." — Daily Paper.
We have had many inquiries about
the Wisners and recently about the
Standard Sureties Company and the
stocks they were promoting. It is said
there were 33 of these companies, and
some of them were the usual lading
companies to confuse investors and be¬
fog investigators. The sucker list is the
most important asset of such concerns,
and this one seemed to have a first-
class list. These lists account for the
large collection of gold bricks in the
possession of some people. 1 hey are
not all country people. The cities con¬
tribute their full share, but we would
like to make our people immune to such
schemes. The Post Office Department
is doing excellent work on this line, and
the inspectors deserve the support and
cooperation of all who wish to keep the
U. S. mails free from schemes to de¬
fraud.
Last week you read what the Rev.
Air. York said of the way E. G. Lewis
treated him after getting his money.
You have read other cases of the same
kind during the past year or two. _ You
probably saw the point in Mr, York’s
story. The money was first secured on
notes issued against a mortgage on real
estate. Then when the money was in
hand you noted the efforts to change the
mortgage notes for practically worth¬
less debenture notes. It is a familiar
promoter trick, and it is in defense
of such practices as this that Mr. Lewis
is asking his confiding dupes to appeal
to Government officials. One would
think to hear him that taking money
from inexperienced people was a per¬
sonal right and a public virtue. Just
think of the audacity of the man to
make a public appeal for such a privi¬
lege. Of course officials charged with
the enforcement of the law are tyrants
to interfere with such a privilege ; but
it is rather unusual for the victims of
a scheme to protest against measures for
their own relief and protection. The
time has come when honest people
should take a hand in the treatment of
these schemers. If you do not want
your United States mail service used as
it was used to get Rev. Mr. York’s
money, write Hon. Frank H. Hitchcock,
Postmaster General, Washington, D. C.,
and tell him so. If you want such trans¬
actions investigated, write Hon. George
W. Wickersham, Attorney General,
Washington, D. C., and tell him you
approve of his efforts to do his duty in
this case and in others like it. If Lewis
got your money, tell these officials just
when and by what means he got it. If
he got no money from you, you can
ask them to protect and help those less
fortunate than yourself. This is the time
to lick a postage stamp.
A friend, contrary to my wishes, had
your paper sent to me for 10 weeks. I take
two farm papers and thought that enough.
Wishing to get knowledge on a certain point
I have gone over the files of the three pa¬
pers with some care. The inclosed $1 is
the result. Your paper furnished more of
value on the subject I was studying and on
others I was interested in. Please enter me
as a subscriber. d. h. o.
New York.
and over again that such subscriptions
do not pay because their 10-week sub¬
scribers do not renew. They pay The
R. N.-Y. simply because the subscriber
does renew. Send them right along.
_ J- J- d.
For Every Living Thing on the Farm
Humphreys’ Veterinary Manual gives
more valuable information on diseases,
treatment and care of farm animals —
Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Dogs, Hogs ar.d
Poultry — by the use of Humphrey’s Vet¬
erinary Specifics than any book published
at any price — and it is yours if you are
a stock owner, for the asking. Write to¬
day. Humphrey’s Homeo. Medicine Co.,
77 Ann St., New York.— Adv.
WE -SAVE YOU $5 T03S7
On Your Incubator and Brooder
Before you pay any price to any¬
body, write us quick for our start¬
ling offer on highest quality ma¬
chines made. A real hatcher and
brooder at a price that makes this
the 'biggest genuine bargain of
the year. BEST RESULTS a:.d BIGGEST
PROFITS for ownero. Wait till you get our
book and price before you buy. ' ^ AddrcflB
jnTe<UnitedJ^ctorie^^o.^Dpj)t^^V
Sara POULTRY SUPPLIES
Everything for the poultryman at low prices; Auto,
matic Feeders, Hull Mammoth and Model Incuba
tors. Feed, Remedies, Hen-e-ta, Rat Corn, Liverine^
LegBands,etc. Prompt shipments. Write for catalog’
HARRIES &, BENEDICT GO. e7 1™°^ 5t!
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS GO., Peekskill, N. Y.
THE BEST S. C. REDS
. . . ARE . . .
DAVIS’ 200 EGG STRAIN
Cf* AC Utility . $1 per 13; $G per 100
kUUw Special Matings ... $2 per 13; $10 per 101)
— — - Prize Matings .... $5 per 13; Mammoth
Hot Water Incubator Baby Clucks .... $15 per 100
Book Orders Note Circular Free
DAVIS POULTRY FARM, lierlin, Mass.
HONE’S "BRED TO LAY” R. C. REDS and MAMMOTH
BRONZE TURKEYS win at Schenectady, 1911, 1st and
3rd lien; 2nd and 3rd pullet; 2nd and 3rd cock¬
erel; 1st Bronze Tom, and 3rd pullet. A prize for
every bird exhibited. Eggs from choice matings
at reasonable prices. Satisfaction guaranteed. I). K.
HONE, Crescent Hill Farm, Sharon Springs, N. Y.
Eggs For HatcliinrTsiami
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock-
utility. show or export. SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number. •
JAS. E. VAN ALSTYNE, Kinderhook, N.Y.
FARM BRED POULTRY-FREE RANGE
Partridge Cochins, White Rocks, Barred
Bocks. Partridge Wyandottes. Prize win¬
ning strains. Send for egg list.
MINCH BROS., 11-3, Bridgeton, N. J.
White Wyandottes'
-Utility, great lay¬
ing strain. Free
range. Eggs: $5.00 per 100, $1.00 for 15.
C. H. FOGG, R. F. D. No. 3, Bridgeton, N. J. ’
S. C. White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
yearlings and 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCREST
P.OULTRY FARM, .Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS IS&S f|uASfe
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm pj.fees. Address
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, -:- Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
REDS EXCLUSIVELY
Eggs from Handsome Dark Matings, $2.00 for 13;
$8.00 per 100. From Utility Heavy Layers, $1-00 for
13; $4.50 per 100.
O A’ K R 1, O O K P O 11 L T 11 Y F A li M
Tel. 59-4 Foxboro, Mass:
Sp IM LEGHORN EGGS for hatching. Good laying
i u i VV ■ strain, $1 per 15, $5 per 100. Also Baby
Chicks. GEO. LUNDGREEN, Wyoming, Del.
RC. B. MINORCAS; great layers; eggs, $1.00
• for 15. GEO. BOWDISH, Esperance, N. Y.
Dill I ETC— S. C. W. LEGHORNS— Booking orders
r U LLk I O future delivery. Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds for prompt shipment. Limited
number choice breeders. Lakewood and Youngs
strains. SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N. J.
D n 1 1 1 TDVRA CM- Send 10 cents for our fine GO-
I U U L I ll I lYI L™ page Illustrated Catalogue.
HAST DONEGAL POULT Hi7 YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
EfHS QAI C— S. C. White Leghorns (Young’s
rUn vKLX Strain) eggs for hatching, $5 per 100,
$40 per 1000. L. MOORE, Route 1, Ellcnville, N. Y.
CnfiQ-HARRED ROCKS; S. C. REDS; large,
CUUO vigorous layers; $1.00 for 15. $5.00 per 100,
J. R. ELLIS : : : : Pulaski, N. Y.
We print the above as an encourage¬
ment lj> our good friends who send the
10-week orders for their friends. We
receive hundreds of them in one form
of expression or another. The R. N.-Y.
is the only legitimate paper that has
ever made a success of 10-week sub¬
scriptions. Other publishers report over
PHII! TDV-35 Best Breeds. Bred for Laying.
lllULI II I Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
Of) K(i(JS $1. oo — Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
L U try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet f i ce. Barge illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WIDE, Telford, Pa.
Buff Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, S. C. K i lled.
Eggs. 99c. per 15, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per GO, $4 per 109.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
RICHLAND FARMS.
• Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S, C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
Our Prices Hatching Eggs— S. C. White Leghorns— One
setting, 15 eggs, $2; two settings, 30 eggs, $3.50;
three settings, 45 eggs, $4.75; one hundred eggs, $8;
one thousand eggs, $70. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C.
Black Orpingtons— One setting, 15 eggs, $2.50 and $5;
one hundred eggs, $14 and $28. Fertility Guaranteed.
Our Prices Baby Chicks— S. C. White Leghorns— Fifty or
less, each, 20 cents; one hundred, $15: one thousand,
$125. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C. Black Orpingtons—
Fifty or less, each, 30 cents; one hundred, $25, We
guarantee safe arrival of CHICKS in first-class
condition.
RICHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
Bonnie Brae Whi
and Pekin
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
I I Off ARE BETTER
! than ever,
rs | Eggs from our
Ducks h®av.y iaying
strains now
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHEK.
Single and Bose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Bocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $.’ up.
Chicks, $15 per loo. Ducklings, $25 per 190. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CABLW. LLOYD, Mgr.,
Hillside, Westchester County, N. Y.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A b reeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing tho best
S. c. W. XjEGHOUTNTS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y, HAVRE BE GRACE, Maryland.
EMPIRE STATE S. C, WHITE LFGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios.
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue tree. C. H. ZIMMER, Wkedsport, N. Y.
EiTiVWi; S. C. W. LEGHORN
Breeding Hens at lowptice to make room. Also
promising Cockerels cheap in quantities. Also H I.
Beds. Eggs for hatching. St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.J.
India Runner Ducks. S. C. White Leghorns
Eggs for Hatching. Send for Circular.
F. J. FULLER, Waterport, Orleans County, New York
CHICKS Baby CHICKS
S C. WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS of Standard Quality.
We guarantee chicks to be hatched from eggs laid
by our own breeders and shipped only when day-old.
We Can Please You. We Will Please You.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator having a capa¬
city of 10,200 eggs.
Have Your Orders Booked. Circular Free.
SPRING WATER POULTRY FARM, Stockton, New Jersey.
1 1 T 1 1 ITY RRFFfK-Mou ntain air, open-front
UIILII I DilLLUO house stock eggs for hatch¬
ing. Black Orpington or R. J. Beds, $2.00 per 15.
White Wyandottes or B.P, Rocks. $1.50 per 15. It. I.
Red Cockerels, Angora Goats and Kids for sale.
SH0H0LA FRUIT AND POULTRY FARM . . Shohola, Pa.
Elovexs. First Friases
At leading Poultry Shows, Indian Banner Ducks and
Rouen Ducks. Madison Square Garden Winners our Rose-
comb Black Minoreas won Silver Cup at Paterson, and
Barred Plymouth Rocks. All eggs $2.00 per 15, $3.50 per 30,
$8 per 100. Also pure bred Angora Goats and Collie Dogs,
$10 and up. CLARK FARM, BOONTON, N. .J.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minoreas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons— Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
SNOW WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
$5 per 100. A few good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOLDENROI) FARM, Dept. R, Stewartstown, Pa.
Greider’s Fine Catalogue
of pure bred poultry, for 1911, over 200
pages, 57 colored pictures of fowls, calen¬
dar for each month, illustrations, descrip¬
tions, photos, incubators, brooders, and
all details concerning the business, where
and how to buy fine poultry, eggs for
hatching, supplies, etc., at lowest cost.
Send 15c. B. H. Greider, Box 58 , P.HEEMS, P*.
EGGS
from high record W. P. Rock
Hens, $2 for 15, $5 for 45.
A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS
| Barred Rocks,
■ White Wyan-
dottos, Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.50, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas, $2.00, 15. Cat¬
alog gratis. F. M. PRESCOTT, Riverdale, N. J.
CCCO — Guaranteed fertile; from range - grown
Ll> UO stock that pay large piofits at the egg basket
MAPLE COVE POULTRY FARM . . R, D. 24, Athens, Pa.
EGGS FOR SALE-Sr ,?••*,
$4.00 per hundred. CHAS. I. MILLER, R. F. D.
No. 1. Hudson, N. Y.
THE FARMER’S FOWL— Rose Comb Rods, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. TIIOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
DUFF WYANDOTTES, heavy laying strain,
■*-' $1.25 and $2.00 per set of 15; also Single. Comb
White Leghorns at $1 .00 per set of 15. Also for ex¬
change. SUNNY HILL FARM, Nursery Ave. .Woonsocket, R. I.
EGGS — $1 per 15, $2 per -10 of Thor. Brahma* 1'. Hocks, Wysn-
doiies, Keels, Minoreas, lloiidans, Leghorns, llamburgs; 19 vor.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. 8. K. Mohr, Cooporsburg, Ba.
THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties,
Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1; 40, $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
for 100. Baby Cliix, $12.50 for 100; $7.00foro0.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
GIANT BRONZE
TURKEY EGGS, $3.00 per
10; Rose’ C’omh R. I. Red
Eggs, $1.00 per 15; Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1.00
per i0. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
II. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
911
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
-4«7
CONTENTS
Tiib Rural New Yorker, April 8, 1911.
FARM TOPICS.
Co-operative Marketing . 457, 458
Work of a Steam Traction Engine.... 459
Some Corn-testing Experience . 462
Likes the Manure Spreader . 402
Planting Onion Sets . 462
Corn Planting in New England. . . 462
Land in Maryland . 462
Questions About Tile Drainage . 463
A “Living” on a Farm . 463
The Potato Market and Quality . 464
Corn in Checks or Hills . 464
Rape for Summer Silage . 465
“Trap Crops” for the Flea Beetle . 465
Short Rotation with Vetch . 465
Silo on Rented . Farm . 466
Tenant System in Texas . 466
Value of Tomato Waste . 467
A Campaign Against “Startling Devel¬
opments” . 467
Ilanover Farmers’ Club . 468
Powder Refuse . 469
An Alfalfa Sermon . 469
Hope Farm Notes . 470
Alfalfa in Corn . 471
The Potato Outlook . 473
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
An Unprofitable Cow . 45S
Spray Mixture on Hog Pasture . 464
Is Any Horse Worth .$2,400? . 466
Orchard Hens in Mexico . 468
Line-breeding in Poultry . 478
Tuberculin Test . 478
Pampering Farm Animals . 478
Oats and Rye in Milk Ration . 479
A Maine Milk Ration . 479
Cow Ration; Horse Out of Condition.. 479
A Balanced Milk Ration . 479
A Well-Balanced Ration . 479
That Hen Contest . 480
Some Hen Figures Analyzed . 480
A Hen Man Come to Judgment . 480
Cosgrove on Hen Feeding . 481
Disinfecting After Roup or Cholera.... 481
Cement Foundation for Henhouse . 4S1
Indian Runner Ducks . 482
Treatment of Iloudans . 482
Incubators and Insurance . 4S2
Milk . 483
Sanitary Milk Pails . 483
Wild Onions and Milk . 483
An “Oleo” Senator . 483
A Gloomy Milk View . 483
An Interested Partv . 483
Blind Teat . 483
Suggestions for a Iloghouse . 484
IIolstein-Friesians . 484
What Kind of Silage Corn? . 484
HORTICULTURE.
A Cider Trap for Codling Moth . 458
The Cull in the Package . 458
Do Apple Orchards Pay? . 458
Making Baldwin Trees Bear Yearly. . . . 458
Bamboo at Culebra . 458
Grafting Persimmons . 460
Knotty Fruit on Pears . 460
Training Up Vines . 461
Vegetables and the Boy . 462
Trouble With Raspberries . 463
Lime-Sulphur and Lead Arsenate . 464
Ben Davis ‘Points a Moral . 464
Birds Eat Chestnut Bloom . 464
Homemade Lime and Sulphur . 465
Applying Fertilizer to Orchard . 465
Questions About Spraying . 466
Handling Chance Apple Seedlings . 467
Ground Bone or Acid Phosphate . 467
A Light- Fruit Ladder . 469
Investing in an Orchard . 469
Flower Garden Enemies . 471
Apples for Maryland . 471
Spraying in a Small Way . 471
Fruit Notes . 473
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 474
Some Codfish Recipes . 474
Creole Hamburg Steak . 474
Crullers and Doughnuts . 474
Ba.vberry Candles . 475
The Rural Patterns . 475
.More About Poison Ivy . 475
The Bookshelf . 475
Some Bird Literature . 476
My Garden Mistakes . 476
A Batch of Pancakes . 476
Charity Sweetheart’s Letter . 477
A Word for the Rag Carpet . 477
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Gamble of Unclaimed Packages. . . . 460
Bracing End and Corner Posts . 461
Cinders and Fence Wire . 464
Trouble with Cement Cistern . 465
Products. Prices and Trade . 468
Editorials . 472
Events of the Week . 473
Publisher’s Desk . 486
MARKETS.
( Continued from page 485.)
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.55
Middling Gulf . 14.80
New Orleans, Low Middling . 14. UO
Good Middling . 15.00
WOOL
Great interest is being taken in the Lon¬
don wool auctions now being held. Bidding
has been very active and prices strong on
good wools, scoured merino having sold up
to t>0 cents for use on the Continent. Some
greasy wool brought 29 cents. Business in
the United States is at a standstill, owing
to the uncertainty as to what the new
i ongress will do with schedule K.
NewYork Fleeces, Delaine, unwashed. .
Ohio half blood combing .
Kentucky, three-eighths blood .
Michigan, half blood .
24 ®
.27 ®
.27 ®
•2tSJ6@
.26
.28
27.)4
.27
TOBACCO.
Conn. broadieaf-UUer .
Fine wrppers .
N. Y. State Fillers .
Fine and Selections .
Ohio, Zimmer s Spanish .
Virginia Dark Lugs .
Dark Leaf . .
Bright Cutters .
.08 ® .10
.50 @ .00
.05 @ .06
.12 @ .16
.19 @ .20
.07 <§> .093*
.10 ® .20
.12 ® .30
Ieacher: “Does your ma brush your
hair like that?” Tommy; “No’m.”
Teacher: “Who does, then?” Tommy:
I fell down on de way to school an’
de street sweeper ran over me.” — Chi¬
cago Daily News.
Heaves.
I have a horse that is quite aged and is
run down in flesh ; also has a light attack
of heaves, but is a good worker. I have
clipped him and had his teeth put in order.
Is the following recipe good to build him
up, with the liberal use of grain? Sulphur,
six ounces ; gentian root, sassafras, bark of
the root ; elecampane root, ginger root, salt¬
peter and rosin, each two ounces; digitalis
leaves, buehu leaves, blood root, skunk cab¬
bage root, cream of tartar, epsom salts,
black antimony, fenugreek seed, carbonate
of iron, each one ounce. F. w. s.
Pennsylvania.
The combination mentioned is absurd in
the extreme. No horse should be turned
into a drug receptacle. A big dose of fine
shot spreads wide, and so is good for
snipe shooting, but a shotgun prescription
containing about everything one could think
of does not necessarily hit the spot when a
horse is sick. Give the horse a half ounce
dose of Fowler’s solution of arsenic night
and morning, and we think he will be great¬
ly benefited ; but heaves is incurable.
A. S. A.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
Royal Dollar Brooder
Fireless Liceless
Economy, quality and all
standard features that make
the Fireless Brooder popular.
||A 50 Chick Size
>1= Delivered
Order through dealer or
send us §1.00 for prompt
prepaid shipment. Book¬
let free.
ROYAL BROODER CO.
28 Opera PI., Cincinnati, 0.
125 Egg Incubator
and Brooder B<£Jr
I If ordered together we send, _
‘both for $10. Freight /Cr
1 paid east of Rockies. Hot
water, copper tanks, double walls,
double glass doors. Free catalog
describes them. Send for it today.
Wsconsin Incubator Co.f
Box 118, r Racine, Wis.
Big News For Incubator Buyers
Famous Belle City Incubator wins
t,Tycos’ ’ cup contest over machines
costing 2 to S times more — making
it the Double World’s Champion.
Order Now — from t his ad— to get in
champion class quick. See below .
V. Rohan, Pres. Belle City Incubator Co.
•55 Buys Best
140-Egg Incubator
Double cases all over ; best copper
tank; nursery, self-regulating.
Best HO-chiek hot-water brooder,
$4.85. Both ordered together,
$11.50. Freight prepaid (£. of
Rockies).
No machines
at any price
Wo ahtp
(/quick from
8t- Paul, Buflalo,[,
Karma City or
lUcino,
ere better. Satisfaction guar
antecd. Write for book today
or send price now and save time.
llelle City Incubator Company, Box 48
Racine, Wiicuao
RUNNING WATER
WHEN AND WHERE YOU WANT IT
Water pumped day and night automatically
from nearby stream, pond or spring. No
expense ; no attention ; no repairs. A
FOSTER KSV RAM SJ7.S!
high in efficiency. No
or expense to main¬
tain. Write us for Free Book
of helpful suggestions.
POWER SPECIALTY COMPANY
111 Broadway, NewYork
S
A WONDERFUL FARM TOOL
CLARK’S DOUBLE ACTION CULTI¬
VATOR AND HAR¬
ROW. The most won¬
derful farm tool ever in¬
vented. Two harrows
in one. Throws the dirt
then in, leaving the
land level and true. A
labor saver, a time saver,
a crop maker. Perfect centre draft. Jointed pole.
Beware of imitations and infringements. Send today
lot FREE Booklet, “ Intensive Cultivation.”
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.
839 Main St., Higganum, Conn.
WantPfhWorki’1K Foreman on Stock Farm, eapa*
If uiiigu ijio of taking care of purebred Holstein-
Friesian cattle, preparing them for tests, etc. 51 ust
be experienced and practical farmer, able to handle
help and get results, and to keep stock and farm in
first-class condition, Only men who have experience
and reference and who are willing to work will
please reply to B. S. F., care of Rural New-Yorker,
409 Pearl Street, New York City.
iyf AN OF GOOD HABITS wants work on poultry
LTJ farm, to learn business; any offer acceptable.
THOMPSON, 211 Lexington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Hothouse Lambs.
Calves, Poultry, Fancy Eggs, Hothouse Products,
Fruits, Vegetables. Top prices secured for choice
goods. Correspondence solicited.
Archdeacon & Co., 100 Murray St., N.Y.
BUFF ORPINGTON DUCKS, twice won the Australian
laying contests. Three years unbeaten show record.
List furnished. Dunrobin Farm, Chatham. New Jersey!
INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL
75 cents per hundred, $10.00 per ton. F. O. B. Ash-
ville, Pa. Send for FREE booklet “ How to Grow
Alfalfa.” Dr. H. S05IERVILLE, Chest Springs,
Cambria County, Pa.
As they some¬
times are.
AS “ S A VE-THE-II OKSi: ”
can make them.
MAKES HIM GLAD AND PROUD
And his words nre right from his heart, for a valuable horse was In the balance and he had spent four
years treating with other things.
Reading, Pa.— I want the pleasure of writing you a few lines. I must say that you have the best remedy on tho market to-dav
and for puco it is not a penny too much considormgtho merit it has. I do not know how to express my glad feelings for you aniL
the liniment, as it saved me about $400 on my horse, which I had treated with a dozen different remedies and by two of tho best
veterinarians, who pronounced tho horse incurable. All ask what I did, as he is going sound, and the first time in four years. I
wish you could see him. Everywhere I go on Penn Street or any place tho people stand and look at him— I am so proud of him
I don t know what to do. The people can say all they want about other remedies, but I’ll have Savc-The-Horse.” I can hardly
believe the euro you made and tho way you treated mo in my case. You must excuse me for writing a letter of appreciation like this
but I can hardly do otherwise with the horse I got now. I remain sincerely yours . G. SCHLEIFENHEINER, Jr., No. 919 No 9th St.
A. S. VALENTINE & SON, Cigar Makers,
645 N. Broad St. , Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 0, 1911.
Troy Chemical Co. , Binghamton, N. Y. :
My pacing horse “ Prince contracted a bone spavin about
a year ago. I tried ali tho different remedies generally used,
without results. Had about given up tho horse for lost. I was
urged to try “ Save-The-IIorse,” and after much deliberation I
concluded to buy it. After using it the liorso is sound.
Very truly yours, GEO. n. VALENTINE.
211 Sand Beach Ave., Bad Axe, Mich.
If you ever want a recommend uso me. I have a valuable
maro ; she had a bad bog spavin. I applied “Savc-Tho-IIorso”
twice, latched her to runabout, and have driven her every day
and no one could ever toll she had any such trouble. Everyone
here said I would never bo able to uso her again, she was so
lame, but now as frisky as a colt My neighbor is using “ Save-
The-IIorse ” at my recommend and it is doing the business.
W - - - - Respectfully, W. H. COOPER, O. D. S.
ITH the fleeting of time and the urgency of speedy success it means r.ll in all to every owner of an unsound
horse to use a remedy that will not fail. It is not page advertisements, strong words or questionable
•li Protjuses that you want. Instead, just investigate, insist on proofs and evidences of results and you surely
a balJfPn Precarious, vicious and uncertain methods and turn to “ Save-The-Horse.”
Save-i ho-IIorse ” is sold with a contract — a signed, legally binding contract, which positively protects pur¬
chaser ; it takes every particle of chanco out of tho matter. For 15 years it has been tho foundation on which
nearly every man based his confidence in making his first purchase, and it has never been violated.
PlfPFRT JLSMDS'E CDCC Describe your case. Write today for copy of Contract, Hook let and Letters from
“*»*■ “0* ■ HsJVIwE mCC Bunkers, Business Men and Farmers the world over on every kind of' case.
a bottle, jvith legal written guarantee or_contnict. Positively und Permanently Cures Bono
M y[llll Wind puff.’ wen k. sprained, injured and rupt _ _ _ _
~ ^ loss of hair. Horse worked as usual.® At sill druggists, or express paid in D, 8. and Canada.
TROY CHEMICAL CO„ 24 Commercial Ave., N. Y,
and Bog^pavin, Ringbone (except low). Curb, Thoronghpin, Splint, Capped Hock, Shoe Boil,
tured tendons and all lameness, without blemish or
or
,r
REG. HOLSTEIN MALE GALVES
. . . $20 to $25 . . .
Cheaper than you can purchase elsewhere, quality
considered. Write for detailed descriptions. Also
a few young cows and heifer calves. Address
F. H. RIVENBURGH, HILLHURST FARM, MUNNSVILLE, N. Y.
LJomestead Herd !
H 1 DUUOOJERSEY RED SWWK, BRED
■ ■ GILTS, SERVICE BOARS AND SPUING
PIGS. R. W . Mc.VLUiN, Faniiettsbiirg, Pa.
Boston Produce Go.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St,, - Boston.
Dl. EASE send a trial shipment to the Oldest Coin-
r mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter,
Eggs, Poultry. Cork. Calves. Hay, Grain. Beans,
Apples, etc. li. li. WOODWARD, ail:! 0 rerun ieh St., N.Y.
Eggs, Poultry, Meats, Produce.
Shipments solicited. JELLIFFE, WRIGHT S CO., Com
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York.
JOHN C. QUICK CO
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 34 JAY STREET, NEW YORK
POULTRY FARM EGGSoUR SPECIALTY.
QUICK Returns Our Motto. Established 1855
INDIAN RUNNER ducksand drakes, from 260 egg strain.
1 Light Brahmas. C. GORDON, Sprakers, N.Y.
rpnQ-INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS, Barred
LUUU Plymouth Rocks, Mammoth Bronze
_ . Turkeys and Pearl Guineas. Write for
Free Price List. C. ADELL KAYNER, West Falls, N. Y.
A/JAMMOTH PEKTNS and Indian Runners from
■LTJt imp. stock. Strong, vigorous ducklings, 15c.
Eggs, $5 hundred. W. Irish, R.D., Po’keepsie.N.Y.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS — Black Langshau Eggs for
1 sale. J. GORDON DRAKE, Port Huron, Mich
\AfHITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Thor-
wi oughbred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers I
of large white eggs; mated with imported drakes, 1
well marked, fawn and white: $2.00 for 15: Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu¬
bator eggs. Cheery Hill Farms, Pittstown. N. J.
C P RUFF ORPINGTON EGGS S1.50 and S3.00-8etting
Oi Ui u run of pens $10.00 per 100. Satisfaction
guaranteed. EZRA C. LEHMAN, Sharon Springs, N. Y.
SINGLE COMB WHITE 0RPINCT0NS
Kellerstrass strain. Eggs for hatching. $3.00 per
16; from prize winning stock. tW. A. KAISER,
2703 Jamaica Ave., Richmond Hill, L. I.
CINE QUALITY ORPINGTONS, black and white. Owens’
1 and Cook’s strains. $2 and Soper sitting. $10
per 100. Rev. J. I). GRAHAM, Lyonsville. Mass.
WHITE WYANDOTTESlfavefb^1nnbrerdaby
me for 12 years. Large, fine fllrds, splendid layers.
Have been winning for 5 years. Eggs, high fertility,
100, $5.00. Sitting, $1 .00. WILLIAM 0. BURR, Fairfield, Conn.
“THREE COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES
01 a Cb Combine more of beauty and utility than
/A r\ O any breed today. Right there with the
eggs every time. Stock and Hatching Eggs. Free illus¬
trated Mating List of winners. Address
RALPH WOODWARD, Box 28. Grafton, Mass.
COL. G. W. CRAWFORD’S
SECOND GREAT AUCTION SALE
WILL BE HELD AT THE
CARPENTER SALES STABLES, ELMIRA, NEW YORK,
TUESDAY, APRIL 18, 1911.
Head of Stallions and Mares from Of]
Belgium, France and Germany. ZU
20
Also 20 Head of Grade Farm Horses, Marcs and
Geldings, suitable for Farm Work and Brewery
Teams, will be sold at the above mentioned place
and date. Everything sold by the same reliable
methods as at previous sale of March 24th. Some
in attendance at previous sale seemed to think it
impossible that such good horses could be sold
on auction and hesitancy possessed them. Much
disappointment was in store for such buyers
when they saw these horses being paid for and
taken away.
On the coming sale pooplc will know that Col.
Crawford will do just as he advertises and v\ ill sell
horses just as represented.
Every one wanting thoroughly reliable horses
must attend this sale and do not hesitate to bid
on the stock.
Col. G. W. CRAWFORD, SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM
Newark, Ohio.
Rhode Island Reds Yield Big’ Profits
Mapy a farmer has made a big dent in his
mortgage by the help of Rhode Island Reds.
Walter Sherman’s Book Tells You
All About These Wonderful Fowls
How easy they are to take care of. ITov, fine
they are for table use. What prolific layers they
are. Even tolls you how to take care of them
when sick. Every poultry man should have a
copy. The pictures in this hook are true to life,
each from a photograph taken on his place. Two
of them by tho new French color process.
Show the birds in their natural colors. So
real that you almost expect them to move.
How to get this book FREE
Send 20 cents (50 cents would be a low price).
With each book is given a rebate coupon
worth 20 cents on your first order for 2 settings
of eggs. Send for the book today.
Walter Sherman, 25 Boulevard, Newport, R.I.
Anctin’c S. C. R. I. REDS— Bred to lay and they
/-Yu&iiii js (p, jay Eggs $1.50 per 15, $6. On per 100.
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor, N. H.
Hunn Lake Poultry Farm ?“W"S
R, C. R. I, R. OHicks, §14 per 100; White 5Vyan-
dotte Chicks, §12 per 100. Eggs, §5 per 100.
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORN-Cypher’s strain utility
stock. Good layers. $1.00 per setting of 15, $5 oo
per 100. JOHN H. LINXEMAN, Station ' M,”
Cincinnati, Ohio, R. F. D. No. 10, Box 31.
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Orchard Poultry Farm,
A. P. & C. A. Rogers,
Bergen, New York.
Utility Vitality
S. C. WHITE LEGHORN BABY CHICKS
Blanchard strain hatching eggs; prices reasonable
JAMES GOODMAN, New Ringgold, Pa.
S. C. W. LE£H0RNS~ES
layers, $1.50 per 15; $6 per 100. Satisfaction guarateed.
J. M . WAY, Hockessin, Del. R. D- No. 2.
S(* WHITE LEGHORNS, Barred Plymouth Hocks,
• U • BB Mammoth White Pekin Ducks, Stock
hatching eggs, chicks, ducklings. Circular. Est. 1904
Abovo Poultry Farm, Chatham, Morris Co. N. J.
Barred Plymouth Rock^KreT &
raised birds.
$4.50 per 100.
Great laying strain, $1,25 per 15;
CHAS. T. DOWNING, West Chester, Pa.
BUFF WYANDOTTES
— Show and Utility
Eggs, $1.00 and $2.00
per 15; $5.00 per 100. H. L. C00LIDGE, Hudson, Mass.
WANTED Five hundred to one thousand WHITE WYANDOTTE
r. April and May hatched — - —
pullets to be delivered during June. Address
CHAS. M. JARVIS, Berlin, Conn.
EGGS- 10 for $1.00;^$3.00 per 100. S. C
, . - . .. ... irowa
Leghorns. Good stock guaranteed.
H. A. THATCHER : : : Perulack, Pa.
PURE BRED WHITE HOLLAND TURKEY
EGGS. Mbs. E. J. RIDER, Rodman, N. Y.
WM
AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS— Chicken Egos. Hand-
- ■ some Catalog 2 ct.
pure wild gobbler from flic nioim-
. . Pa.
stamp, showin
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville
488
THE R 1 I R 1^ NEW-YORKER
April 8, 1911.
BUY BUILDING MATERIAL
at 50 Cents on the Dollar!
5,000 Bargains Ready
“Unde Sam'
u Our c
Trarcliiif
Doors, Windows, Mouldings, Flooring, Frames, Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Roofing— Everything!
We are selling high-grade guaranteed Building Material of every description at 50 cents on the dollar. If
you want to save 50 per cent of the prices demanded by retail dealers, here is your chance. Simply put \\W
n your name and address on the coupon and “Uncle Sam” will bring you our Grand Free Catalogs of over \V
!f*N, 5,000 Bargains— everything required to put up a new building or modernize an old one. Here in our great >
new fireproof plant, built of solid concrete, we carry the largest, finest stock of building material in the world. (T
JL Build That House or Barn NOW and Save Money in Big Chunks!
To celebrate the completion of our new fireproof plant, we have started a sale that has
startled the country. So great are the price reductions, so vast and varied is the stock,
so wonderful are our new facilities for quick shipment, that the public is simply
paralyzed. If you are ever going to build, if you are ever going to remodel or
|U|?k^L \ repair your house, barn or other buildings, if you are ever going to buy Building .
Material, now, now, now is the accepted time— the supreme opportunity to ^
' save big money— to make every dollar go twice as far as before. Such stu-
{■Vll pendous bargains, such money-saving offers, such high quality for so little
H VI money, may never, never, never come again. Delay may cost you dearly.
Over HaBf a Mi&Eion Customers!
, II J Solely through our Grand Free Catalogs and the Big Values offered
'i 11/ therein, we have built up a patronage extending from ocean to ocean.
Over half a million satisfied, enthusiastic, loyal customers on our books !
Mg' \ You can’t put your finger on the map of the United States without
locating a Gordon-Van Tine customer! We have been in the Building
Material business since 1865. Our business motto is the Golden Rule.
ay, ... - 1, Every article we ship is guaranteed, and we refund every
i: j j penny and pay freight both ways if goods are not absolutely
|' | satisfactory. Three big banks vouch for our reliability. See
W Flight
* of Stairs
Complete for
Three
Sr Big Banks Certify ^
f to Our ReEiability!
Scott County Savings BanK
Capital 9250,000
Our prices save you from $<!0 to SI 25 on stairs.
Surplus 9150,000 1
f Davenport, Iowa
To Whom it May Concern:
It gives us great pleasure to testify to the
reliability, business integrity and honesty of
Gordon-Van Tine Co. Their financial responsi¬
bility is wellover three hundred thousand dollars
($300,000.00), and they enjoy the highest credit
with western Financial Institutions.
We assure prospective customers that they
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J. H. HASS, Cashier.
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NEW YORK, APRIL 15, 1911
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
THE KING ROAD -DRAG.
Benefits Secured From the Split Log.
Wherever clay roads are found in the Northern
States the season of bad or impassable roads is at
by an editor-farmer who said : “Brother farmers,
here we are objecting to this new idea because Mr.
King wants us to do with a team of horses and a
homemade drag costing $2.50 what we have been used
to trying to do with three teams and a $400 road ma-
hand, or soon will be. A few sections of the country chine. .1 for one will go home and build a drag and and those treated to the usuaT annual
to have realized
seem
the benefit that might be
had by keeping the sur¬
face of a clay road
smoothed out and so in¬
clined as' to shed the
water into the ditch.
Here and there one finds
a piece of road thus
treated by some man
who has persistence
enough to keep a dirt
road in repair, or in a
district where the road
superintendent is alive to
the value of frequent
dragging with some sim¬
ple form of road plane
or drag. With no place
for water to collect on a
clay road the surface be¬
comes tough and im¬
pervious under the im¬
pact of hoofs and wheels.
There is nothing easier
on the horses’ feet than
such a road. I was
reared in a country of
clay soils where roads
frequently became badly
cut as soon as autumnal
rains set in. Nobody did
a stroke of road work
from Summer until after
Spring seeding, unless it
was to shovel an open
ditch to drain off stand¬
ing pools of water from
the road. Even this was
sometimes omitted. Sev¬
en years ago there came
to the State Farmers’
Institute in Ohio a man
who had demonstrated
an idea so well that it
caught the attention of
his own State Board of
Agriculture. He had
made good roads out of
bad ones in the sticky
gumbo soil of Missouri.
He had made good earth
roads with a cheap
homemade device, fre¬
quently applied by a man
and team. This man was
D. Ward King. His
enthusiasm for so simple
a thing as a split log
drag for making roads
smooth and dry, caught
the attention of the farmers at the institute at once
But
SPLIT-LOG DRAG IN OPERATION ON EARTH ROAD. Fig. 164
Others tried it in the same county, and I well remem¬
bered driving o*'er a short piece of such road, dragged
by a progressive farmer, near the county seat. This
short piece of clay road was a splendid demonstration
of the difference between frequently dragged roads
scraping. It
smooth and dry,
A GOOD TEAM ON A SPLIT-LOG DRAG. Fig. 165.
use it to prove or disprove his statements given here.”
My father was one of the skeptical ones, but he
caught the spirit and went home to build a drag, to
sour- . . • -- which he hitched three horses, as his were of the
idea would8) ^ PCf1SUac*e some *armers ^iat his general-purpose class. Before Summer he was testify- pacity and make it last longer. Many drags have
who 1 d J<“|USe U ^iem‘ ^ was theY an^ n°t he ing to the real improvement his drag had made in the been built more economically and given as good ser-
o e shown. The discussion was ended public road between his front gate and his neighbor’s, vice on the road. Anyone wishing to build such a
many doubted and could not see how so cheap
3nd simple a device could be so efficient as he declared
it to be. . It was a funny situation, a man from Mis-
was
with enough slope to
carry rain water off ; no
sign of a rut nor of a
ridge in the center. I
have heard since then of
entire Ohio townships
adopting the King drag
and ditch cleaner, the
latter being a comple¬
mentary device for push¬
ing loose dirt from the
ditches far enough into
the road so that the drag
could distribute it evenly.
Many fair-sized farms
have a lane or roadway
leading from the farm¬
stead back to the farthest
field. Some I have seen
with only a winding trail
leading back across
fields which never should
have been treated in that
way. Farm roads in clay
soil are usually allowed
to have deep ruts and no
side ditches. The owner
feels that hand labor is
too dear for trimming up
even a narrow road on
his farm, and the use of
a road grading machine
out of the question. I
have found the split log
drag very useful in mak¬
ing farm roads when
preceded by the plow to
open ditches. The illus¬
trations here shown,
Figs. 164 and 165, were
taken on a farm road, or
private drive. On either
side the Stubblefield
comes to the very edge
of the road. In Fig. 164
the angle at which the
drag is drawn and the
position of the driver are
seen. Behind the drag
is the smooth sloping
surface left by it. The
other picture was taken
partly to show the build
of the team which was
equal to the task, and
how the front side of the
drag gathers up loose
dirt and distributes it al¬
ways toward the road
center. This drag was
built from a split log of red oak, held together by
square bars of iron having burrs and washers at the
ends. It also has the back of an old saw fastened to
the face of the front log to increase its cutting ca-
480
road drag should secure a copy of Farmers’ Bulletin
321 from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash¬
ington, D. C. It describes the use of the drag as well
as its construction. edward r. minns.
CORN AFTER VETCH.
The soil on which this corn was grown is mainly
sand with a slight admixture of clay. It has been run
in corn for many years, not being suitable for wheat
and clover. A stand of clover could not be had on it.
Some years when drought prevailed the corn made
failures. The yields varied from 20 to 30 bushels per
acre in favorable years. Twenty-live acres wTere sown
in vetch, and this crop turned under the following
year, and corn planted ; although the season was rather
dry the average yield reached 90 bushels. The second
year, owing to severe storms destroying much of the
young corn, the yield was only 72 bushels. Alfalfa
sown on part of this field made remaixable growth,
where in years before neither it nor clover could get
a hold. On another field where part of the soil was
“gumbo” the vetch changed the texture of this waxy
soil so as to make it more loose and friable. Pota¬
toes were planted in 1909 that yielded over 200 bushels
per acre, and on the “gumbo” portions the yields were
far better than on the sandy. Extensive tests will be
made in various lines this season with a view to
demonstrate the value of vetch on all classes of soils.
A picture of the cornfield is shown at Fig. 168.
Indiana. J. H. haynes.
ALFALFA GROWING IN MICHIGAN.
The farmers of Michigan are much interested at
present in the growing of Alfalfa. Doubtless a large
acreage will be sown the coming Spring and Summer,
and the recital of a few of the writer’s observations
may be of interest to the readers of The R. N.-Y.
Undoubtedly most of the sowings of Alfalfa that have
been made up to the present time have proven failures,
and yet there are instances in nearly every county in
the State where successful experiments have been
made. In this neighborhood there is not a single
good stand of Alfalfa that has been sown two years,
but four or five miles away there are a number of
meadows that yield splendid crops of Alfalfa hay.
One can get a stand of Alfalfa upon much of the
land in the vicinity of Petoskey without any special
effort, and here and there in the upper peninsula the
crop is exceedingly heavy. L. M. Geismar, who has
charge of the upper peninsula experiment station,
made three sowings in May, 1909, and cut. very heavy
crops in August following. J. W. Helme, of Adrian.
Mich., has adopted the practice of sowing in April
and is rewarded by a liberal cutting of hay the first
year. But both of these men have soil that is ex¬
ceedingly rich. Alfalfa will not yield a crop of hay
the first year on the average Michigan farm, no matter
how early it is sown. The fact that this plant sue-'
ceeds so well in some sections and absolutely refuses
to survive in others has led to careful investigation
in order to discover if possible the essentials of a good
Alfalfa soil, and we are coming to think that this
plant will thrive on any soil where the water level is
not too near the surface, provided the land is reason¬
ably fertile, contains plenty of lime and has the proper
nitrogen-fixing bacteria. If the soil is very fertile,
the nitrogen-fixing bacteria do not seem necessary.
Mr. Geismar told me that they grew Alfalfa at the
upper peninsula station for six years before they dis¬
covered any nodules on the roots, though they looked
for them very carefully. The soil at the station is a
dark gravelly loam and abounding in lime.
The liming of soils for Alfalfa is becoming a com¬
mon practice and its utility would seem beyond ques¬
tion. Artificial inoculation is accomplished here partly
by nitral cultures secured from the experiment station
and partly from soil taken from an Alfalfa field or
from a place where Sweet clover is growing. Where
the soil is favorable to the growth of Alfalfa, it is not
at all difficult to secure a stand. The first successful
field in this county was sown with wheat in the Fall.
For several years three crops were harvested each sea¬
son, and this without any special effort previously
made to prepare the soil. There are a number of
good stands where the Alfalfa was sown in the Spring
with factory peas. Here and there a man has sown
with oats and succeeded. But it is not considered a
good crop to grow when seeding with Alfalfa. Doubt¬
less the sowing of the seed without a nurse crop will
give the best results, provided the soil is not light
enough to blow and the seed bed has been properly
prepared. A resident of our county cut a quantity of
Alfalfa last Fall for seed. The yield was light and
the venture hardly paid, though the quality of the
seed was very good and the straw from which it was
thrashed was of some value.
Alfalfa hay is so valuable and the yield is so liberal
that it will pay anyone who has reason to believe he
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
possesses the right soil to try to grow it. He can
add lime artificially and can inoculate his soil with
the proper bacteria with a small outlay of cash, and
with the crop growing successfully he will have added
considerably to the value of his farm. It takes a good
deal of power to plow an Alfalfa sod, but it can be
done and the vegetable matter which will be added
to the soil is of great value. I send herewith a pic¬
ture of some corn grown on an Alfalfa sod, Fig. 167.
The cutworms took nearly all of the first planting.
Accordingly the field was harrowed over and a second
planting made about the middle of June. The man
who grew the corn resides at Fremont, Mich. He
planted it in drills 3 ^ feet apart and about eight
inches apart in the drill. It was a medium variety
of white dent, but it grew to an enormous size. In
fact the owner told me that from four acres of it he
filled a silo with a capacity of 100 tons.
Oceana Co., Mich. w. f. taylor.
THE STORY OF A CANNING FACTORY.
In the Fall of 1907 an enterprising man representing
the Hastings Industrial Co., of Chicago, came to our
village to induce the people of this vicinity to invest in
a canning factory. As this community is situated in
the Muskingum Valley, surrounded on every side by
fairly fertile soil, with excellent transportation facili¬
ties, he had little difficulty in selling 78 shares at a par
value of $100 each ; $6800 of this sum was to be paid
the Industrial Company for erecting and equipping a
large canning factory. The money was paid in install¬
ments, the final installment paid on completion of
building. The stockholders allowed the company to
put on a metal roof, not realizing the effect of the
steam and fumes generated in canning on the under
side of the roof, and accepted the building and equip-
A CLUMP OF MASSACHUSETTS VETCH. Fig. 166.
ment. Of the remaining $1,000, $r>00 was paid for a
site and $500 placed in the treasury. As canning time
drew near the directors of the new canning company
found out from the manager they had hired to run
the factory that they would need more money than was
in the treasury to buy cans, labels, etc., and pay labor.
As the farmers had agreed in the contracts to wait
for their money for tomatoes until canned goods were
sold, they did not have to consider this item. As the
shares of the company were non-assessable, a number
of the stockholders got together and signed personal
notes for $50 each, this money to be used to run the
factory, and the factory to pay these notes and interest
out of first money received for canned goods. The
factory did well the first season, although it had but
a small acreage. The producers were paid in full,
and- if it had not been for a bad debt (afterward col¬
lected) they would have paid the $50 notes in full.
As it was, the directors of the factory becoming angry
at the bank in which the notes were placed, took their
own money, paid the notes in full, and put them in
another bank for their full amount to raise money for
the next year. A mortgage for $1500 was placed
against the factory in the Spring of 1909 to add needed
improvements, a large acreage of both beans and toma¬
toes had been contracted, and everything seemed pros¬
perous. The contracts this year instead of making
an indefinite time for paying, stated that one-half of
the money was to be paid the producers on November
15 and the other half on December 15 of that year.
All labor bills were paid promptly.
The factory had a big run, canning about 600 cases
(two dozen cans) of beans and about 5,000 cases of
tomatoes. The beans were sold early at a loss to get
money for running expenses. November 15 came, but
the factory postponed paying farmers with the plea
that tomatoes were advancing in price and they would
lose money to sell them. When December 15 came
and no money, and the factory was threatened with
suit, the directors claimed that a suit would wreck the
factory and if they were just left alone they would
April 15,
pay everything in full. At the annual meeting in
February, 1910, the fact was brought out that the fac¬
tory was actually in debt $10,990, or twice what the
most pessimistic person had imagined. It developed
that the directors and the local bank (part of whose
directors were directors in the canning factory) had
loaned the factory $5,000 and covered everything with
chattel mortgages, including canned goods. It only
took a little industrious figuring to convince part of
the farmers that if these mortgages were paid first
there “wouldn’t be any core” left, and so about half
of the producers went to law, the other half through
fear of the law, indifference or the selfish feeling that
they would profit by the labor of others without the
expenses, or other motives, standing aloof. The can¬
ning company finally compromised our case by paying
us 2iy2 cents on the dollar and all our expenses. The
half that did not join us and sue did not nor ever will
receive a cent. The factory and equipment was sold
the other day for about $1750. At the last financial
statement given out the company had nearly $19,000 in
liabilities (including stock) and its final assets were
less than $7,000, and an assignee's fee and two law¬
yers’ bills were taken out of that before it became net,
also an unknown amount of accrued interest. The
stockholders, of course, lost everything. m. g. N.
Washington Co., O.
R. N.-Y. — In printing the above or similar reports
we have no wish to discourage any legitimate enter¬
prise or cooperative investment. We want the facts —
just as they are, without any trimming. We shall do
our best to prevent our people from being loaded up
with factories, horses or anything else for which they
must pay an inflated value. We shall also, if we can,
prevent them from going into schemes which are con¬
trolled by outsiders. On the other hand if reports of
successful enterprises of this sort can be made — we
want them.
THE JOY IN “BACK TO THE LAND.”
I read with great interest all that is said in your
paper about the blessings of living in the country, and
in every case I agree, as far as I am personally con¬
cerned, but at the same time I often wonder if it
would not do us all some good if we could hear from
some one who came direct out from a chair in the
city and tackled a farm job. If it could be written
up well, but before everything, truthfully, I wonder
if it would not help bring out the better folks, I
mean those who are making a success of their work,
and not those who come out to the farm thinking that
it will be “a cinch,” and just clear picking cold dol¬
lars all the time. Let them know that it is a case of
just digging from 5 a. m. to 7 p. m., Winter in¬
cluded, and that looking after live stock, well, is
worse than any slave-driving boss, till you learn to
love the animals. But as well let them know the
other side of the picture, and tell them what it
really means to have a good dog love you if you are
dressed up or not ; what it means to have your horses
rub noses with you whenever you come to see them,
and if further proof is wanted, let a man just for
the fun of it go to work and dig a hole any old place
on the farm and tell himself that for all anyone else
has anything to say, he can dig away the whole
place. He is the boss. That is the part of the life
that is fun to most of us. There is no fun in work¬
ing a team of horses all day, 7 a. m. to 6 p. m., in
the deep mud with scraper, making a pond, and then
have to put them in the stable, heat up a lot of water,
and wash them down well and dry them. But there
is fun in having them pick out your handkerchief
while you are rubbing them, and to see their legs
shine clean and bright and what is more, from hang¬
ing their heads and being almost dead with work
when you bring them in, they look bright and happy,
and eat what you give them with relish. Now that is
the pleasant side of farming, and all this writing has
been done just to get the idea out, that if some one
that could write well would bring that side out, we
would get the best there was in the city out in the;
country. c. a. graham.
R. N.-Y. — Mr. Graham himself has brought this side;
out. Others might use more words, but he has made
the idea clear. We shall soon begin the publication of
about as true and pointed a “back-to-the-land” story as
ever got into print. The demand is for facts — plain
facts. You will get a bunch of such facts in this story.
All through history, at regular intervals, people have
started immigrations from one part of the country to
another. We have had several in this country. No
one could stop or direct them. They have made great
changes in history. Just now there is a movement
from town and city to the country, and it is likely to
have a greater influence upon our nation’s future than
any previous movement of population. No one can
head it off, but we hope to do our share of pointing out
just what the farm offers. The man who expects to get
anything that is worth while out of the change must be
prepared to put a good valuation on just sue*1 “joy”
as Mr. Graham mentions.
1911
A LARGE CROP OF CLOVER HAY.
Best Method of Handling It.
Will you give a discussion of the best method of hand¬
ling a large crop of clover hay? I should like methods
from standing grass to safe in the barn. I am a constant
reader, with a 1,000-acre farm on my hands. m. k. c.
Now York.
M. K. C. does not say how much of this farm is
under crop rotation, but doubtless enough clover is
grown to make the saving of it a diligent and inter¬
esting proposition. To handle clover successfully in
rotation with other crops it should come in every third
year, and there should also be live stock carried in
sufficient numbers to consume it. With as large an
area in clover as is supposed to be grown on a farm
of this size, the work must be done on a large scale.
It will not be possible to manage as is done on small
farms, cutting down one day what is hoped to be
cared for the next. As there is a large area the risk
is correspondingly greater of being able to save it
without loss. It would be a comparatively easy un¬
dertaking except for the fact that the weather must be
reckoned with. Modern machinery makes it possible
to do very rapid work with a com¬
paratively small force of men.
Still the number required is more
easily secured, because such work¬
men like to go in gangs. The
controlling mind must however
be a skilled one, for changing-
weather may make a change of
plans necessary every day.
There should be sufficient barn
or shed room to cover all the hay,
so that none will have to be
stacked out of doors, and these
buildings should be conveniently
located to save time in getting-
tile hay from the fields. On a
farm of this size it will cost too
much to have the hay barns in one
group ; besides, there would be too
great a risk in having so much in
one place ; much better to have
three or four sets of buildings and
work as many squads of men. No
hay should be cut with the dew
on. Commence after the dew is
off, and cease before it gathers in
the evening, and do not start the
harvest till some of the clover
heads show brown. When cut in
full bloom it is too slow in curing.
Have a sufficient number of ma¬
chines to cut as rapidly in as short
a time as possible the amount de¬
sired daily. In such a large har¬
vest as this every plan possible
should be made to save labor, and
at some risk to the quality of the
hay. It is admitted that shock
curing is the best, but the labor
required to shock will load it and
more, consequently it is safest and
cheapest to cure in swath and
windrow. If clover hay is wet
completely with rain it is better
to have it wet in the swath than
in windrow or shock. Unless
very heavy it will go through a
week of rain in the swath and
then make fair hay, and not be
blackened as it would in the wind¬
row or shock. Of course some of
the solids will be washed out
more in swath than in the windrow or shock : still
the hay will be better, because not black or mouldy.
But let us go back a little. When seeded for
meadow the land should be made smooth, and all
stones and other sickle obstructions removed, so that
when the mowers are started all attention can be
given to them and their work. The mowers should
all be of the same make and width of cut, and should
not be run more than a half a day without grinding.
Start the cutting as soon as the dew is off and rush
while they run. If the hay is heavy time can be saved
in curing by using the tedder. The same day in which
it is cut it can sometimes with safety be put in the
windrow. This will reduce amount of exposure to
dew, and hasten the time to mow away the next day.
It may not be safe to put in mow till afternoon of the
second day, but two hours before noon may be used
in shocking that can stand till well cured. By this
plan the work can go on till there may be enough in
shock to commence hauling in when the dew is off,
and enable the manager to drop out this forenoon
shocking. The men should be furnished with as light
forks as can be depended on to stand the work, the
handles not being longer than necessary. It has been
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
the custom of the writer when buying forks to pass
them over the counter scales, taking the lightest. If
the hay is to be taken up with loaders they should all
be of the same make, as should the wagons, with
ladders of same capacity. If slings are used they also
should be of same make, so that they will fit any
wagon and work the same on the carriers at the barn.
When the hay is to be taken up with loaders, a side-
delivery rake will make a better windrow than a
dump or revolving rake, and more, the windrows will
not be so compact, and if wet with rain can be more
easily torn to pieces with a tedder. Hay wet with rain
can be hastened in drying by using the tedder, but
the sun and air must dry hay dampened with dew.
We never could hasten matters by tedding dew-damp¬
ened hay. The starting can often be hastened a day
by cutting on Saturday and letting lie in the swath
till the dew is off Monday morning, when if the
weather is favorable the hay can be taken to the barn.
In another way matters can be hastened. When the
first hay is put in the mow it can be put in pretty
damp, letting it drop from the horse fork on to the
center of the floor. If put in Saturday afternoon it
can lie till Monday morning, when the force of men
can move it, all spreading it out over the mow and
tramping it down. While there is plenty of room in
the mow hay can be handled and cured by the mow
handling that would often be lost if allowed to remain
in the field to cure. We have put it in so damp that
the next morning it would be smoking, and cured it
all right by moving every forkful and shaking it out
and tramping it in place. By using the men this way
in the mornings they are able to get in full time. It
is also a good plan to have stack or rick covering
large enough to cover a load on a wagon. Ofte~ the
wagon can be loaded and covered when there is not
time to unload, and the hay saved from getting wet.
Or hay can be loaded that is too damp to put in the
mow and allowed to remain on the wagon over night,
or for a much longer time if necessary, the heat that
is generated escaping when the hay is unloaded and
mowed away, leaving in safe condition to come out
well-cured hay. Hay should not be put in the mow
carrying any other moisture than belongs to it. This
can be dried out in the mow, leaving the hay bright.
But if put in damp with dew or rain it is very un¬
certain what kind of hay it will be when it comes to
401
be used. If the hay barns are in the hayfields often
clover hay can be drawn with sweep rakes from the
swath windrow and shock to the barns. This plan
cuts the labor down to the minimum, but it is not
often that this can be done for a whole day without
much waste of hay by loss of leaves and broken stems.
This is an outline of many plans that are used where
large areas of hay are put up. The amount of hay
determines each year the force necessary to handle it,
so no rule can be laid down as to this part of the work.
Ross Co., Ohio. john m. jamison.
GROWING SEED OF HAIRY VETCH.
I want to sow some Winter, Sand or Hairy Vetch, which
can be sown in Spring or Fall. I want to know if it will
ripen here if sown in the Spring, or must it be sown in the
Fail and left to ripen over Winter? a. d. b.
Berlin, Mass.
I have learned how to grow vetch for seed. I am
surprised that more definite and particular experiments
are not undertaken by the State experiment stations
and the Department at Washington. Not having any¬
thing for a guide I began at the foot and am now
working up. On August 3, 1909, I had a cupful of
Winter vetch left over from some
that I sowed in the Fall of 1908.
Of this 1908 Fall sowing only a
few plants wintered (planted too
late). With this cupful I planted
three seeds at the base of each as¬
paragus hill, making about three
rows (300 feet long each). These
seeds, sown August 3, 190S, came
up nicely and made quite a good
growth, about 12 to 15 inches tall,
climbing some on the asparagus
stalks. They wintered well and
in the Spring started right away
to climb skywards. As soon as
the growth was tall enough brush
was struck up so the vines would
be supported. This first brush
was four to seven feet tall, and
the vetch grew so vigorously that
almost all the brush was hidden.
When in full bloom the sight was
beautiful. From the product of
this cupful I harvested over 55
pounds of seed, which I sowed
Fall of 1910, some in rows and
the remainder broadcast on about
two acres. The vetch was bushed
in May, 1910, and harvested July
19, 1910. Enough seed ripened
before July 19 to seed the three
rows ; this came up well Fall of
1910, and made a perfect mat on
the ground. Some vines were
over 3l/2 feet long, and none
raised above the ground over two
inches. On March 6, 1911, all the
under vines were nice and green,
and so far as seen none had win¬
ter killed. I would not sow the
vetch in the Spring if I wanted to
get seed. The root system is very
extensive and many nodules were
found last Fall. The land where
this vetch was planted was part of
an abandoned farm, and so poor
that asparagus did not do very
well, primarily because it was not
prepared properly a year or so
ahead of planting. Vetch should
be planted two or three inches
deep. Wire might be used for it to
climb up on, but brush is better, cheap and handy on
most farms. So far as I know I am the only one who
has done any vetch experiments in this whole neigh¬
borhood. A picture of a clump of the vetch is shown
at Fig. 166. c. W. PRESCOTT.
Massachusetts.
HOW TO USE LIME.
We have more questions about the use of lime than
on any other single line of agriculture. There are
several things which may be repeated over and over.
Ground limestone is better on light soils which have
little humus in them. We would use burned lime on
heavy or very sour soils. Never buy lime without a
guaranteed analysis, and figure from it which pound
of lime is cheapest. For quick results you should use
two pounds of ground limestone to one of burned
lime. Do not use lime on potatoes or strawberries.
Its best results are on clover, ATfalfa, Timothy,
wheat and garden crops. Usually it is better to use
lime when seeding to grass, grain or clover. Do not
plow lime under, but spread on the rough furrows
and harrow in. You will seldom obtain good results
by spreading on top of a sod. Do not mix burned
lime with hen manure or any other organic plant food.
The ground limestone may be safely used for this
purpose.
CORN GROWN AFTER ALFALFA IN MICHIGAN. Fig. 167.
CORN GROWN AFTER HAIRY VETCH IN INDIANA. Fig. 168.
492
THE RUR-A.L* NEW-YORKER
FARMERS’ CLUB
IK very query must be accompanied by the name
and aduress of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
lepcrate piece of paper.]
Corn Smut and Seed Corn.
TP. G. IP., Parsons, N. M. — Tell me how
to treat corn for smut. I would like to
treat enough for about three acres of yellow
Hint, or white Hint, nothing else will mature
up here in the White Mountains of New
Mexico, e'evation 7,500 feet.
Ans. — It will do you little good to
treat seed corn to kill smut. With small
grains, like oats or wheat, the germs of
the smut disease are on the seed. If
they are put into the soil these germs
develop, spread through the plant and
produce smut. That is why it pays to
soak the seed in formaldehyde solu¬
tion. This destroys these germs so they
cannot develop in the plant. Corn smut
is a different kind of disease. The germs
are not usually found on the seed. They
pass the Winter in the field, or may
work into the manure from smutted
ears. At about the time the ear is form¬
ing these germs float in the air, reach
the ears and develop on them. Thus
soaking th,? seed will be of little help.
The treatment is to gather and burn
the smutty ears and not grow corn too
long on the same ground.
Corn Notes.
I do not think the acreage of corn will
he increased to any great extent, here in
the Champlain Valley. I mean by this
statement, not much increase over 1910
crop, but will be a great increase over
acreage of previous years. There was a
very large acreage of corn of excellent qual¬
ity and good yield in this part of the State
in the Fall of 1910. Several species of
yellow flint and Sanford were the predom¬
inating varieties raised for husking. Learn¬
ing, Early Mastodon and similar large vari-
ties were raised chiefly for silos. There
lias been a marked increase in number of
silos built in this vicinity during the past
two years, consequently much more corn. I
also think the support we are getting from
the farm papers in regard to more corn
growing has a great deal to do with the
increased acreage. Corn will generally be
planted on the old meadows, as the groat
number of grasshoppers we had here during
1909 and 1910 have nearly ruined the
grass in most of our meadows, so they must
be plowed, and naturally corn will be raised
there before much is taken up in the pas¬
tures. I have made quite a numbpr of
inquiries about the amount of commercial
fertilizers used for corn, also am agent for
fertilizer and I find from 150 to 500 pounds
the amount generally used, but my method
of growing corn for silo is to plow green¬
sward, use a liberal dressing of stable ma¬
nure on top and a small amount of com¬
mercial fertilizer for a starter. Many
other farmers here are following the same
method. 1 am farming about 150 acres
and grew 22 acres of corn, part for husk¬
ing and part for silo. If all had been put
into silos, I estimate there would have been
500 or more tons of silage. Perhaps 1 grew
25 per cent more corn than the average
Vermont farmer tilling about the same num¬
ber of acres. c. F. g.
Charlotte, Vt.
Potato Situation.
The situation on potatoes at the present
looks very favorable to us for a firm and
steady market and perhaps something of an
advance in price as the season advances.
There is a very heavy demand for potatoes
at a great many sections throughout the
country where they usually have them to
ship, and the stock on hand is gradually
being used up, so that it begins to look
like a shortage toward the end of the
season. We wish to say, however, that
this is only the situation from a local
point of view, and the determining factor
will be how many potatoes they are holding
back in Michigan, Ohio and other points
that arc supplying Chicago and the large
southern markets at the present time. We
cannot expect much advance in our terri¬
tory as long as there seems to be an over
supply in this other territory. At present
the prices to the farmers throughout New
York and northern Wisconsin are 40 to 48
cents for good eating potatoes and 60 to 75
cents for seed potatoes, such as Rose and
Ohio. GAMBLE- ROBINSON COM. CO.
Minneapolis, Minn.
I don’t think there is any danger of the
fruit business being overdone in this part
of the country. Orchards are all small, and
no spraying at all on fruit, strawberries be¬
ing the main fruit raised here, but I think
but a few spray those. d. b. s
No. Bangor, Me.
I find by examination that the fruit buds,
including apple, pear, cherry and plum, have
withstood the Winter and with satisfactory
conditions from now on a good fruit pros¬
pect is in sight. Peach buds are mostly
dead. There are not extensive planting be¬
ing done of any varieties of fruit in this
section : only now and then a few varieties
to keep the number good that have dic'd, or
have blown down. Spraying is but rarely
done and little effort is made to improve the
quality or quantity. w. F. B.
Lamson, N. Y.
Another Potato Digger.— On page 404
404 W. IT. Howard doubts champion potato
diggers and calls them liars. Now, I have
dug with a six-tined manure fork 210 bush¬
els in one day, and I am willing to dig the
Hope Farm man’s potatoes next Fall, for I
have frequently dug between 100 and 200
bushels a day, and I can get all the proofs
required. I am a farmer myself, and not
far from the 50 mark. E. L. h.
Pennsylvania.
Failure of Peach Buds.
Prof. M. A. Blake, of the New Jersey Ex¬
periment Station, says, that a fair propor¬
tion of dead fruit buds will be found in New
Jersey orchards. This is not due to cold
weather, but to last season's conditions :
“The past Winter has been favorable for
properly-matured peach buds in New Jersey
with no temperature low enough to cause
bud Injury. An examination of the buds
by the writer during the Winter and before
the recent cold weather showed a consid¬
erable proportion of fruit buds dead at the
center, especially upon weak trees and in
poorly managed orchards. The buds upon
early varieties such as Carman are gener-
ally in good condition. Such varieties
ripened their crop early last year and were
able to mature a crop of well-formed buds
to pass the Winter. The late varieties show
a much larger proportion of dead buds. Such
varieties being obliged to ripen a crop late
in the season and during the severe drought
were unable properly to develop a crop of
fruit buds for the succeeding season, es¬
pecially where the trees were not supplied
with liberal amounts of plant food. Young
trees which are to bear their first crop
1911 generally have a full set of buds in
excellent condition at this time, and this
is also true in older orchards that were
liberally fertilized and cultivated last sea¬
son. Indications point to a considerably
smaller crop of peaches the coming season,
even with favorable weather at blooming
time. Higher prices are likely to prevail
and those who treated their orchards liber¬
ally last season will reap their harvest.”
Tar on Seed Corn. — Noticing the ar¬
ticle on page 43S of The R. N.-Y. on
tarring corn, I am induced to state our
method. Submerge the corn in hot
water. Stir in just enough tar to give
each kernel a light coating. Spread on
sacking in bright sun and stir as neces¬
sary till dry, when it can be handled as
easily as corn not tarred. Once the
crows pulled our tarred corn and we
were satisfied that some of the first
pulled was not completely tarred en¬
couraging them to keep on. We think
tarring tends to discourage cutworms.
Massachusetts. e. b.
Write Today
We want every farmer in the land to have
our attractive Free Booklet on hay loaders.
It’s full of interesting facts and illustrations.
It shows plainly why the simple, light run¬
ning “GEARLESS” Hay Loader is the cheap¬
est to buy, the easiest to operate, the most
durable and altogether the most satisfactory
loader for heavy hay, windrows, light hay,
clover, alfalfa or beans.
It’s the loader that can be depended upon
every hour during the haying season. “No
time out for repairs.”
Let us send you our Free Booklet at once.
Write us today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREFT CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILL.
/"'■UMB ICELAND AND COLUMBIAN Raspberry
^ Plants, true, to name. St. inspected. Write for
prices. N. H. KNOPP, Washingtonvii.le, Ohio.
FAR 9A| F — 50.000 Strawberry, 20,000 Lmcretia
I Ull OH LL Dewberry, 20,000 Grapevines. Send
for price list. JOHN CASAZZA, Vineland, N, J.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1 .50 & $1 .75 per iy00. Illus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIKDIN, Hartly, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS-£“i!/”SSc*“mS-
Red Raspberry, only $5.00 per 1,000. Asparagus of
a very fine strain. SLAYMAKER & SON, Wyoming, Del
HIGH GRADE STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Write for list and prices.
J. HETSCHER ... Canal Dover, Oliio.
STRAWB E RRIES
Plan to have plenty in your own garden. 100 plants
in three best varieties, $1.00 postpaid.
Geo. R. Schauber, Box R, Ballston Lake, N. Y.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS — New and old varieties. Send
for new Illus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Dei.
Surplus Stock of Choice Strawberry Plants
$2.50 per 1,000. H. H. DENNING, Clyde, N.Y.
to Plante only $2.00 per 1000, special
11U rialllo prices on 5000 lots. Price
’. S. FORD & SON, Hartly, Del.
SWEET POTATO PLANTS
Walirbeim Farm Strain; Bright, Gol¬
den, Chunky: Very Productive. 200,
postpaid, 50c. Write for prices, etc.,
on larger lots.
GEO. H. LIE BE, Cologne, N. ,J
NO TIME TO LOSE
There are Flowers and
Many Kinds of Plants
That You Must Attend to
IN THE SPRING
NOW IS THE SEASON
To learn all about the Special Value of
We are very enthusiastic about having
you know how our seeds have been care¬
fully cultured to germinate and mature in¬
to plants that show a real pedigree source.
We would like to make a catalog of this
advertisement, but the space does not per¬
mit. So we invite you to write us all about
your garden needs. We will cordially
respond, and send you our new 144 page
illustrated catalog free. We are introduc¬
ing some seasonable seed ’novelties at a
special packet price. Eschsciioltzi A
Thohbuuni (California Poppy) the grand¬
est of all Eschscholtzias. We will mail a
packet of this valuable novelty and a copy
of our beautiful catalogue— the Best Seed
Annual published in America— for only 10
cents, stamps or coin. (Regular price of
seed 15 cents packet.) WRITE TODAY.
J. M.THORBURN & CO.
Dept. Y
33 Barclay Street, New York.
DONT FAIL TO PLANT
SOME OF THE
Meadowvale Gladioli
THIS SEASON.
Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue at once.
ARTHUR COWEE
Meadowvale Farm, Box 54, BERLIN, N. Y.
MILLIONS OF FLOWERING
and Decorating Plants of all kinds, including Early
and Late Vegetable Plants in abundance, for Flor¬
ists. Landscape Gardeners, Parks. Institutions,
etc., at wholesale prices. Send for lists.
ALONZO J, BRYAN, Wholesale Florist, Washington, N. J.
ALFALFA
All Northern erown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which wo invite you to get Government tests.
This seed should produce hay at $60 per acre] an¬
nually. Free instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. Wo
handle export grade only and can furnish grass
mixture suitable for any soils.
Wing’s Mikado, Sable
and Mongol are tho
heaviest known yield*
ers. Are all onr own
new varieties obtainable from ns only. Mikado
has record of 37 bu. per acre. Will grow on poor
Boil and greatly improve it. Write today for catalog.
WING SEED CO., Box 323 Mechanicsburg, O.
SOY BEANS
ONION SEED
of ihe Highest
Germination
Yellow Danvers, Yellow Globe Danvers, Australian
Brown, Southport Yellow Globe, $1.00 lb. Large Red
Wethersfield, 1‘rizetaker, $1.10 lb. Postpaid.
ONION SETS. — Fancy Yellow Danvers, Kastem Grown,
$2.00 bushel.
Write for Catalog and Free trial pkt. of New Enk-
huizen Glory Cabbage.
J. AUG, DKAKE, Seedsman
100 Main Street, * - Chester, N. J.
nWinW CCCn— Home grown YellowGlobe, $1.25 lb.
UnlUll OLLLl postpaid; 5 lbs. by express, $5.50.
J. B. QUIRK, North Madison, Ohio.
“Dewdrop” Everbearing Strawberry
Largest in world; bears first season;
color, rich crimson; no green tips; lus¬
cious pineapple flavor. Circular free.
H. F. DEW, Albion, Michigan.
C IBERIAN OATS, highest yielding strain from Ohio Ex-
periment Station; 65 bn. per acre here; Swedish
Selects, another high yielder; 75c. per bu,, sacks free.
L. H. LeBARON, Mgr. Glen Oak Farm, Spencerville , Ohio.
FDR Qfll C— Cow Peas, $2.50 to $3.00 bushel;
run wnLk Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel:
Black-Eyed Peas, $3.00 bushel.
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND . . Milford, Del.
INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL
75 cents per hundred, $10.00 per ton. F. O. B. Ash-
ville, Pa. Send for FRIOE booklet “How to Grow
Alfalfa.” Dr. H. SOMERVILLE, Chest Springs,
Cambria County, Pa.
April 15,
THE APPLE BUSINESS
Is a sure thing — if you have the right kind of
a tree. People may plant too many oranges
but the good old apple is a sure thing. The
time to get in with that hillside is right now
— this Spring.
There is some discussion about the best
aged tree to plant. Some want big trees and
some little whips. We have them all!
The size is a matter of opinion but every¬
body agrees that the health and life of the
tree is more important. We put life and
health in our trees — or they do it themselves.
They grow in strong ground with no
check from start to finish and with a long
fall season to harden and ripen their woods.
They are sound, free from disease and
ready to grow. Every variety you want
and every tree right.
The Catalog tells all about it.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 15, BERLIN, MD.
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS
AT very
LOW PRICES
Apples . . . $15.00 per lOO
Peaches ... $8.00 per lOO
Cherries ... $10.00 per lOO
Strictly First-Class Stock, Government In¬
spected. Write today for onr free catalogue
on Fruits and Ornamentals, and buy direct
from the growers. Onr trees aro grown in that
great nursery belt of Ontario Comity.
ONTARIO NURSERY CO., Inc.
GENEVA, N. Y.
Box No. 21
OLYMPIC NATURE NURSERY
Rhododendrons, Madronas, Oregon Grapes, Huckle¬
berries and other wild shrubs, plants and flowers.
By mail, 10 for 50 cents, 24 for $1.00 postpaid.
Money back if not satisfied.
JOEL SIIOMAKEI4, Ncllita, Washington.
Black's Peach Trees-1911
direct, saving middleman’s profits.* r « ■ j
New booklet, “Springtime and Va!ll3DIC
Harvest for the Fruit-grower,” free. r\ |11«
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co. BOOKlCl*
Box V, Hightstown, New Jersey
Sent Free
Surplus Berry Plants
Snyder; 2,000,000 Strawberry Plants; 500 bnshels
Hastings Potatoes; Currants, Goosebenios, Grapes,
Asparagus, Rhubarb, Roses, Vegetable Plants, etc.
Send for free catalogue and Surplus List.
L. J. FARMER. Box 20. Pulaski. N. Y.
CHERRY TREES
100 Early Richmond Cherry
TwoYear, 5 to 6 Feet, $16,00
Freight paid to your station. All other nursery
stock sold direct to planter at lowest possible prices
for high-grade stock. Send for descriptive price list.
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES
NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI
FRUIT
TREES
Pears. Bartlett, Seckel and others.
Fine, healthy trees. Cherries and
Plains, all best varieties. Peaehes,
grown from buds from bearing trees. Also Grape*
and Currants in any quantity. General big advance
in prices this year owing to great demand for fruit
trees in northwest. Our prices have not advanced.
Get wholesale prices direct from us and $1 Lot Offers.
Save J to J. Free Catalog. Write to-day.
W. P. RUPERT * SON, Box 20 Seneca, N. Y,
Also Breeders of Prize Hampshire Sheep
K GRAPEVINES
69 \ arletles. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best Root¬
ed Slock, Genuine, cheap, 2 sample vine* mailed lor 10c. Deso.
price-list free. LKU IS IIOESCII A SON. Iloi K FrcdonU, Ji. V.
— 150 ACRES. Genesee Valley
2^ M M V grown. “Not the cheapest, hut
9b I a I ** 1 the best.” Never have had Sail
A\mJ Jose Scale. Established 1869.
r atai nr nnvv GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO..
LAIALUb rKtfc 20 Maple St., Oansville, N. Y.
PIONEER
SIS
FOR ALL KINDS OF
CLOVER and FIELD
SEEDS also GARDEN,
FLOWER SEEDS
and Implements
Write to this Old Reliable
House — Catalogue Free
ami Field Seed Price List
mailed you on application.
THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO., Toledo, 0.
SKKD COHN— Reid’s Yellow Dent, Imp. Learning.
Golden Surprise, American Pride, White Cap and
seed oats. Catalog free. THE0.BURT & SONS, Melrose, Ohio
Catalpa Speciosa Seed & Seedlings
13.00 to $5.00 per 1,000. 100 postpaid for $1.00.
S. 11 . MADDEN, Granville Summit, Pa.
GATALPA
SPECIOSA TREES
Mine are true to name.
Free booklet tells all
about the 150 acres I am growing for telephone
ooles. H. C. ROGERS, Box 111, Mechanicsburo, 0.
ELBEltTA, CARMAN, HIKLJEY, and all the
leading varieties at prices that will save yon money.
We have APPLE, PEAR, PLUM, and other varieties of
fruit trees also. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY
FRUIT TREES
Our Proof to date after years of service is that
we can save you not only money, but disap¬
pointment when your trees begin to fruit,
This Proof will be submitted with our new
catalog— ask for it today. * * * * *
H. S. WILEY O SON, Box 122, Cayuga, N.Y.
1011.
the; kukal new -yorker
403
PECAN TREES IN KANSAS.
Tom Davis is going to grub out the six
or seven acres of pecan trees that Edwin
Snyder, former owner of that farm, took
great pains to plant 19 years ago. The
pecan trees never proved a very profitable
investment, as no nuts were ever gathered
from them. The seasons were too short in
Jefferson county for the successful growing
of pecans. All the wood grown in one year
on a pecan tree is put forth before the
tree blooms which makes the process of
blossoming very late. The nuts do not ma¬
ture until very late and each year frost
has caught the crop on these trees before
they were matured. Snyder was very proud
of his pecan grove and expected great things
from it. So far as anyone knows it was
the only grove of its kind in Kansas. — Jef¬
ferson County, Eastern Kansas.
There are several reasons why the
pecan trees mentioned are not profitable.
The chief one is that they are seedlings.
It has been proven beyond all doubt that
seedling pecan trees do not come true
to their parentage, there being just as
much variation from the original as with
other trees in the quality of the fruit,
except in such cases as the originals are
unimproved and of the wild type. They
are what might be called thoroughbred,
through long lines of ancestry, and in
such case would come fairly true from
seed. This is probably true in the case
of these pecan trees. They were, in all
likelihood, grown from wild nuts gath¬
ered in some of the creek or river bot¬
toms of Kansas or Missouri, for I know
that this tree grows wild there. I have
cut and hauled from the forests along
the Neosho River in Kansas many loads
of pecan wood for fuel at my pioneer
home on the prairie, and I have gath¬
ered and eaten nuts from many wild
trees there. All of them were small and
of almost no value, compared with the
really good pecans of the southern re¬
gions. Sometimes they did not ripen
before freezing weather and were frozen
while green and worthless. If the pecan
orchard mentioned is of this type the
nuts are not valuable and if they are of
the southern type the trees are tender
and the nuts could scarcely ever ripen
even a few specimens. Jefferson County
is near the northeastern corner of Kan¬
sas and is a less suitable home for the
pecan than the southern part of that
State, where it is native.
It is quite probable that if these pecan
trees arc on rich land, were cut back
severely and the sprouts budded to one
or more of the newly found, early and
really choice varieties that have long
been growing wild in southern Indiana
this orchard might become” a valuable
property. The climate of Kansas is not
more severe than that of Indiana. It
would be a pity to grub out six or seven
acres of pecan trees that are 19 years
old. Trees of almost any kind are very
valuable in a prairie country. For a nut
orchard they should be at least 40 or 50
feet apart, to give room for low spread¬
ing heads. Within a few years there
may be several varieties of early matur¬
ing and hardy pecans propagated by bud¬
ding and grafting that will be suitable
for growing in Kansas. I have seen a
seedling pecan grove in Allen County,
Kansas, near the Neosho River, that the
owner told me yielded fair crops of good
nuts, but if the trees were such as I
have suggested they would be far more
valuable. h. e. van deman.
CORN GROWING IN ILLINOIS.
I have read with interest many times in
The It. N.-Y. how eastern farmers produce
large yields of corn on land that has been
in cultivation for long periods, and I often
thought that if they had the advantages of
the Illinois farmer they would surpass our
best efforts; perhaps our methods would
interest the eastern corn grower. Corn¬
fields in Central Illinois are large. I have
seen as much as 200 acres of corn in one
field ; 80-acre fields are common and few
fields are less than 40 acres. The land is
plowed from the first of April to the twen¬
tieth of May with riding gang plows.
These plows are double, cutting 24 or 28
inches at one-half round and are drawn
by four horses abreast. There are a few
walking plows and sulkies in use, but most
farmers prefer the gang, as by its use the
labor of one man is saved. A seed bed is
perfected by the use of the drag and disk
harrow, planting being done from the first
to the 20th of May. A great deal of at-
tentiou is now paiu to improved seed coru
and thorough cultivation. The corn is
planted with a side-drop wire check-rower
that plants three grains in each hill 3%
feet apart each way. The ground is now
harrowed a couple of times before the corn
comes up, and then the cultivator is put in
use.
The usual method is to cultivate corn
three times, twice the way planted and
once crossways. Riding plows are some¬
times used, but a better job can be done
b,v the walking cultivators, as the riding
plows are comparatively hard to operate,
and by their use a careless man will leave
plenty of weeds behind him. The crop is
usually “laid by” by July 4 in an average
season, and then work ceases in the corn-
fields. until harvest time. Owing to the un¬
certain price of cattle very few are fed in
winter in central Illinois compared to 20
or 30 years ago. Therefore not much corn
" placed in the shock, hut is allowed to
stand in the fields until husking time, Oc¬
tober 15 to November 1. When the Illinois
farmer is ready to husk corn he rigs his
wagon with a “throw” or “knock-board,”
three eight-inch hoards on the right side
of the wagon to stop the ears when thrown,
and then goes to work for all he is worth.
Like most other things there is a knack
in “shucking” corn, some buskers being
able to husk and scoop 125 bushels or
more in a day, while 75 bushels is a big
day’s work for others. The coru is some¬
times hauled to grain elevators and sold
from the field, while the farmers who are
in easy circumstances usually hold for a
better price. The wages paid buskers are
three cents per bushel with board, or .$2
per day. After husking, cattle and horses
are turned into the stalk fields to glean
the remaining blades of fodder.
Menard County, Ill. w. d. scully.
Dry Bordeaux.
Will you tell me if the “dry Bordeaux”
mixture as given in the “Farmers’ Garden”
was satisfactory as the “wet Bordeaux?”
Will you also give me the chemical com¬
position of cotton-seed meal, used as a fer¬
tilizer? c. J. c.
Kent's Mill, Maine.
Not quite so satisfactory, because it is
harder to put it on the plants evenly. While
the wind blows or when the plants are dry
the dust does not settle as well as the
liquid. When evenly distributed we believe
it as effective as the liquid. The Connecti¬
cut Experiment Station gives analysis of
samples of cotton-seed meal.
Plowing Clover ; Flint Corn.
When is the best time to plow clover sod,
early in the Spring or just before it is time
to plant, that is about May 15? I spread
manure on it last Fall. I intend to plant
it to corn. What kind of flint corn is the
best to plant, eight or 12-rowed, and how
far apart? c. c.
t liens Falls, N. Y.
From choice we would leave the sod until
just before planting so as to put the corn
in fresh plowed land with all possible
vegetable matter. This is not always pos¬
sible. It often pays to plow early and
save labor and time. We plant an eight-
rowed Canada flint three feet each way.
Champion Potato Diggers. — I will not
hold with W. U. Howard that the men over
in Michigan are telling yarns about their
potato digging. It is the crop that counts
a lot ; the crop could be such a poor one
that it would take a week for a man to dig
100 bushels, with an extra large crop the
same man could probably do tile trick in
less than one day. I do not see anything
unreasonable in the claims made by those
potato diggers. It is the crop, and the
man. a. b. wright.
New Jersey.
Cheap Paint — Some one asks about a
cheap paint. The best that we have come
across is skim-milk, or the milk from a
new milch cow before it is usually sup¬
posed to be fit for humans, and good Port¬
land cement. This makes a leaden-colored
paint that hardens quickly, and seems to
have all the staying powers of cement. We
tint with Venetian red. Other colors can
be used, of course. j. t. s.
Use a HERCULES
All-Steel Triple-Power
Stump Puller on
30 Days’ Free Trial
Clear up your stumpy fields at our risk now
with a famous Hercules ca30 days’ Free Trial.
Test it on your place at our risk. Pulls stumps
out, roots and all. 400$ stronger than any
other puller made. Triple power attachment
means one-third greater pull. The only stump
puller guaranteed for 3 years. Only one with
Double Safety Ratchets. Only one with all
bearings and working* parts turned, finished
and machined, reducing friction, increasing
power, making . it extremely light-running.
I Hitch on to any stump
400 c/o ftem and the
More
Power
Stump is Bound
to Come
Also pulls largest-
sized green trees,
hedgerows,
etc. Don’t risk
dangerous
and costly
dynamite. It
only shatters
stump and leaves
roots in ground.
Save big money
by getting our
rnrp and free trial offer. Also
■T 1\EE special proposition to
first buyers whore wo have no agents. Write us a
postal card today. Address
HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO.
130 17th Street, Centerville, Iowa
The messages of radiation
Here is heating that is
master of the coal-hod
— heating which makes
the scuttle take a back
seat — heating which
cuts your coal bill to
the limit, saves work,
and cuts out the ash-
dust, coal-gases, smoke
and soot.
are worthy of their name. They meet the American ideal of uniform,
healthful heating, with greatest fuel economy. IDEAL Boilers and
AMERICAN Radiators are perfectly safe — may be run by a child.
IDEAL Boilers consume less soft coal or cheapest screenings to heat the whole house
than stoves consume of expensive hard coal to heat a few rooms. They also burn
lignites, wood, coke, oil, gas, etc. — anything that will burn. Every known improve¬
ment and many exclusive features make IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators
the most efficient and economical in the world, yet our enormous volume of sales
A No. A-241 IDEAL Boiler and 461 sq. ft.
of 38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, costing
owner $21 5, were used to heat this
cottage. At this price the goods can be
bought of any reputable, competent Fit¬
ter. This did not include cost of labor,
pipe, valves, freight, etc., which are extra
and vary according to climatic and other
conditions.
enables us to put the price within reach of all.
In IDEAL Boilers the same water is used over
and over and over again. It is not necessary
that the IDEAL Boiler should be supplied di¬
rect from the street water-main, as when once
filled it requires but a small amount of water
to replace the loss due to evaporation. Hence
IDEAL Boilers are put in farmhouses and
other buildings remote from waterworks sup¬
ply. A few gallons only of water need be
added once or twice during the season.
Why not put in at once IDEAL Boilers and AMERI¬
CAN Radiators and cut your fuel bills, passing a
winter of solid, clean comfort, every room and hall
“warm as a pepper-pod,” without spreading ash-dust
or coal-gases to ruin the housewife’s disposition and
the house furnishings. “Fuel saved" plus freedom
from repairs (nothing to rust or wear out as long as
house stands) make IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN
Radiators the best investment in home equipment.
Let us tell you our full story — complete, valuable
book of heating facts sent free. Write us today.
Public
Showrooms in all
large cities
Write to
Department 9
Chicago
Anyway,
Try this
DIGGER
w\
KfSPV Saves you at least 15
cents a bushel on the cost of -
i digging. Gets the potatoes out
’ of the ground clean and whole.
All si: es. Elevator diggers for large
L fields. Success Jr. for small patches.
L Write for new catalogue of Diggers
j, and Farm Machinery and let us tell A
k\ youhowyoucantryaFarquhar. vll
A. B. FAItqUIUR CO., Ltd.
Box 200 York. Fa.
THE HAMILTON RESERVOIR
ORCHARD
HEATER
Positively
the most
ef fecti vo
heater be¬
cause of its
REGULATED
FIRE. Many
other points of superiority.
Write for our RED BOOK on orchard
heating free. Tells you how Jjest to smudge
HAMILTON ORCHARD HEATER CO., Grand Junction, Colo.
This Safety Lift
Saves Your Strength
You can do more heavy lifting alone than three men by
the U80 of this handy device. Has a score of u&es on the
faim every day. Saves lime ami labor.
Just the tiling for changing wagon boxes and auto
bodies, stretching wires, moving heavy stones, storing
machinery, hoisting grain, doing any kind of lifting
about the farm.
Morgan Safety Lift
Locks At Any Angle
Holds or releases a load at a given point
without use of confusing check cord. Cam
grips rope without gouging. Heavier the load,
the tighter it grips. No extra parts to get out
of order. So simple it can be operated by
one hand.
Made Entirely of Steel
Pulleys and blocks of best possible construc¬
tion. Will last a lifetime. Drop forged
awivel hook makes it easy to move load
about without unfastening lilt.
Sold Direct From Factory
Made in two sizes. 2,500 lbs. capacity
$1.75. G,000 lbs. capacity $3.00 These prices
good for a limited time only. Order di¬
rect From the innniif iieturer ami save
dealer’s and jobber’s profits. Handiest thing
you ever had on the farm. Send for one to-day
— at once— while you think of it— and take ad¬
vantage of these special introductory prices.
MORGAN BLOCK CO.
Dept. 18, Cleveland, O.
Orchard and Fa
All genuine “Cutaways” are intense cultivators and
will increase your crops 25 to 50 percent. Our Double
Action • Cutaway” Harrow is a wonderful invention
—can be used in field or orchard. Perfect center
draft. Drawn by two medium horses will move the
earth twice on every trip. We can prove it.
“Intensive Cultivation,” our new catalogue is Free.
Send for it today.
CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 839 Main St., Higgantun, Conn.
SflOO BUYSA
FULL ROLL
■ (108 sq. ft.)
of strictly high grade roof¬
ing, either rubber or flint
coat surface, with cement
and nails complete.
Most liberal offer ever
made on a first class roof¬
ing. Better than goods
that sell at much higher
prices. Don’t spend a dol¬
lar on roofing until you
have seen
ASPHALT ROOFING
You send no money when
you order Unito Roofing.
Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Write today for free Cata¬
logue and free samples
for test and comparison
and our unparalleled sell¬
ing plan.
Iron and Steel
ROOFING
Send today for Free
Book and bottom Fac¬
tory Prices on Metal
Hoofing and Siding.
Hotter than you can
buy elsewhere at any
price. Shippod at our
risk. Tou
Send No Money
so you take no risk. Our
guarantee and aee-what-
you-buy- before - paying
Plan ipecify you pay
nothing unlesi fully sat¬
isfied. Don’t buy till
you get our prices and
FREE ROOFERS*
GUIDE. Write for this
Book today.
PAINT
Try Unito
paint free. If
It does not
spread best,
go farthest,
look best,
after you
have used
o ne - f i f t h
send rest
back and It
will coat you noth¬
ing. Unito paint
if guaranteed for
fir© years— fold
at Real Factory
Prices. 8end for
Free Col»r Card
and big free cata¬
logue showing all
kinds and low cost
to you*
Wonderful bargains In
Unito Buggies. Latest
styles to cuoose from—
each absolutely guaran¬
teed and sent on 30 days’
trial. Don't pay $15 to $25
extra to dealer for less
value. Order a
Unito Buggy
on our trial offer and prove for your¬
self that it is best. Writ© today
for our big freo catalogue.
Unito Gas Engine
Let us send you a Unito
Engine on our No-Money -
in- Advance FREE trial.
Use it — prove it. Com¬
pare It with any other
make— then if you don’t
want to keep It, send
it back— we refund even
freight charges. Made
in all styles and sizes—
lowest prices — all guar¬
anteed. Ask for FREE
catalogue.
FARM
IMPLEMENTS
Everything from
garden tools to
heavy power ma¬
chinery. Fully
guaranteed. Sent
on Free Trial to sel 1
themselves by their
dependability and
high quality. Real
factory prices save
you big money.
Send for big free
catalogue.
Farm Fence
Extra quality fence
— all styles and sizes
— rockbottom prices.
Perfect poultry .jar-
den and etock fenco,
extra close woven at
bottom to keep out
even little chicks,
and wider and strong¬
er at top to turn hogs
and cattle. Don’t buy
fence till you get our
Factory price. Free
catalogue on request.
SEWING
MACHINES
Don’t pay deal¬
ers’ or agents’
prices when wo
guarantee you
better quality
at a big saving.
Any Unito ma¬
chine on 30
days’ free trial.
S., and pro., for
yourself befor. you
pay. Get catalogue.
The United Factories Company consists of a number of factories co-operating under one selling
head, to deliver direct to consumer— The Bast Goods at the Lowest Prices. Write today for our
Big Book explaining the plan that will save you money, mentioning articles interested in. 'p,
The United Factories Company) Station fl-3 1 , Cleveland, Ohio
-494
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.
April 15,
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal." See guarantee editorial page.
iart
T7 j
.JHD
■V' "1
0m
m
■■/"'"A
•■■Mi
/>
y jrliam and Silo
^ Laurel, McL
Roofed with
NEPONSET
Par v id Roofing."]
For Your Silo
your bam , your poultry house, or your
residence, there is a suitable |\IEP°NSET
Roofing.
NEponseT
Paroid Roofing
has been tested thoroughly by farmers in
every section of the country and found to
be a great saving of expense, a protection
against fire, and a relief from repair bills.
Roof your barn with NEpdnseT Paroid
Roofing and your residence with NEponseT
Proslate — your roofing difficulties wil 1 vanish.
Write for Book of Plans of
Farm and Poultry Buildings
There are NEPONSET Dealers everywhere. If you
do not know (he one in your locality, write us and we
will tell you. We will also tell you the buildings
nearby where NEPONSET Roofines have been used.
F. W. BIRD & SON
130 Neponset Street, East Walpole, Mass.. U. S. A.
Established 7795. Originators of Complete Ready
Roofings and Waterproof Building Papers.
New York Washington Chicago Portland, Ora. San Francisco
Hamilton, Ont. Winnipeg Montreal 6L John
Try the DELI N
ff/th Your Money /nVoi/rPocAef
Try It for 30 days on yonr own roads; then,
If you find it entirely satisfactory .you pay
us. Buggies--all styleB-and harness at lowest
wholesale prices, direct to you, on approval.
No Cash With Order— No Deposit
“ DELIN ” offers more liberal terms and
better values than you can get elsewhere.
I Oar FREE 1911 Catalog gives full information. Sbowa
metal auto Beat buesries and hundreds
of other dandy etyles. Get acquainted
with the valuea wo offer also with our
exclusive ‘*PKI-*IN*, terms. Write lor
FREE CATALOG Today.
The Delin Carriage Co.
17 3*. Central Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio
The worst enemy of the Pear growers can
not be controlled with lime sulphur, but
**
9 9
used in the Spring just before leafing will not only
control the Psylla but San Jose Scale and all
fungus troubles controllable in the dormant season.
PRICES: In barrels and half barrels, 50c per gallon; 10
gallon cans, $li.OO; 5 gallon cans, S3 .25; 1 gallon cans. Si. 00.
Conclusive proofs in booklets, ‘‘Orchard Dividends” and
“Modem Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Kicking
Apples.” both free.
If you want cheap oils, our “CARBOLE1NE" at 30c
per gallon is the equal of anything else.
K. G. PRATT CO., Mfg. Chemists.
50 Church St., New York City.
YOU Need This Book — It’s FREE
Every farmer and truck grower needs a copy of
Herrmann’s 1911 Almanac
Besides being full of valuable and interesting data for
fanners and fruit growers, it shows the proper way
to 'apply the purest and most efficient Paris Green
made — Herrmann’s Hi-Graile Pure Paris Green.
You’ll get the results you expect Address
Morris Herrmann & Co., 1% Fifth Ave., New York.
It’s Portable
The modern way to keep chickens. They never
W niti at large to destroy your garden or bother yonr
/neighbors. Eliminates disease and keeps the hens
laying the year round. Big enough for 20 hens.
Made of heavy one-iuch lumber with weather-proof
galvanized steel roof. Complete with roosts, nests
and dropping board all ready to use. Beautifully finished.
Ar ornamenttc ally property. You couldn't buy the material
and labor to build this house at $25. We will prove that by
selling them on 40 days trial and will return your money
ll you are no> satisfied. Immediate shipment guaranteed.
THE BtCKEYE INCUBATOR CO.,
508 Euclid Ave« _ 8pring4lelq, Ohio.
PEAR
PSYLLA
COW MANURE FOR THE HOTBED.
M. E. L ., on page 392. asks for a substi¬
tute for horse manure in making hotbeds.
If he can get cow manure he can make it do
the work as well. I have used it for three
seasons, and find it answers the purpose
equally well, taking it for granted that it is
wanted to raise plants in the Spring, say
from March 1 on. 1 don't believe it would
give heat enough for earlier use in the ex¬
treme cold weather. When I bought a small
home with a good-sized garden here in the
suburbs of Chicago 1 was pleased to think
that I would be able to get all the horse
manure I would want for making a few hot¬
beds in the Spring, but I soon found my
mistake. Chicago is surrounded by market
gardens, and there is great competition
amongst the gardeners at that time to get
hold of all the horse manure possible. After
much trouble I secured a small load, paying
$3, barely enough to raise a few tomato
plants. I concluded that unless I could get-
a substitute I should have to give up my
idea of having hotbeds. The following
Spring I resolved to try cow manure, hav¬
ing a family cow, and found it answered my
purpose well. I will tell how I prepare it :
Using plenty of bedding, I throw the ma¬
nure during the Winter, as it is made, in a
pile, under a rough shelter of boards; the
idea is to keep it from freezing as much as
possible. When we get the first spell of
good weather, on or after March 1, I start
to heat my manure in this manner :
I throw the frozen outside of the pile in
a separate heap ; then take the middle ot
the old pile and build a new one, shaking it
up loosely and keeping it level until about
two feet high. Then I pile on a wheelbar¬
row load or two of hen manure, spreading
it out, but leaving it thickest in the middle ;
then another layer of about two feet of
well shaken out cow manure. Then 1 have
ready a couple of pailfuls of hot water, old
soapsuds would be fine, and throw this over
the pile. I finish the pile to a conical heap,
throwing on the frozen manure, if there is
any, on top. In about three or four days
this will heat, and will have thawed the
frozen stuff out, and should then be worked
over and in fact handled like horse manure.
I use only the two center sashes as my
starting bed, the soil having been thrown
out to allow me to have the manure two to
2% feet deep when well stamped down, put¬
ting three to four inches of good soil ov
top, so as to leave only about two inches of
space on the south or low side of the bed.
This leaves less space to heat for the ma¬
nure, but it will have sunken down about
three or four inches more by the time the
plants arc high enough to need more space.
About March 7-10, I sow my tomato seed,
also cabbage, onions and early celery. Cel¬
ery I sow close to the south side of the
frame (east and west) where it is shady
and the other seeds only make a stunted
growth, the dripping from the glass keeping
the seed moist, just right for celery. Prize-
taker onion seed comes in a row to the
west, a row or two of early cabbage along
the east side. This leaves the middle for
the tomato plants. While those first seeds
are growing I make my other sashes ready,
using only about a foot of manure, and of
course throwing out that much less dirt.
Rut I bank all hotbeds well with manure,
even with the top of frame, and cover at
night for the first couple of weeks. Around
about the first week in April the tomato
plants are ready to transplant and soon
form stocky, strong plants. 1 raise and sell
about 5,000 tomato plants that way, keep¬
ing 100 for my own use. Cabbage and
celery plants do not sell as well, and I
raise about 1000 of each. After the tomato
plants are sold, I rake the beds over, clean¬
ing out all the weeds, then transplant my
early golden celery (Self Blanching) about
eight inches apart, making around 00 plants
to a sash. When hot weather starts, I cover
with a slat covering made of plastering
laths, putting the laths equal spaces apart,
keeping it carefully watered ; the celery
makes a fine growth and soon fills up the
space completely. At the approach of cool
Fall weather it blanches to a fine golden
color without any trouble or handling, and
finds ready sale.
Another use of the sash is made as fol¬
lows: During the Summer I mark the
heaviest stalks in my rhubarb bed. When
the first hard frost has killed the growth !
dig up those roots and plant 15 roots each
in those two hotbeds that had the two feet
of manure in the Spring. When the sud
begins to warm things up the following
Spring I cover with glass, throwing a
couple of old pieces of carpet over it at
night. This rhubarb is about three to six
weeks ahead of the outside stalks, and
brings a fair price early in the season ; in
fact, keeping up to furnish tender stalks all
Summer if well watered, but the roots are
wasted by Fall and only fit for the manure
pile. c. h.
Chicago, Ill.
Li me-Sulfhue and Arsenates. — I have
been spraying peach trees with the self-
boiled lime-sulphur for several years ; last
year for the first time I used arsenate of lead
in addition, with most satisfactory results.
The self-boiled lime-sulphur was made ac¬
cording to the formula of 8-8-50 with three
pounds of arsenate of lead added just before
spraying. This is according to the direc¬
tions from Profs. Waite and Scott at Wash¬
ington. I). C. 1 started by using the form¬
ula 10-10-50, but burned the foliage badly.
I have also burned it with the 8-8-50 by
having especially good lime, and allowing
it to slake a little too long. There is a
great difference in lime, and consequently
in the length of time it should be allowed
to slake before adding cold water. I
never knew of any bark injury. I feel the
lime-sulphur is our salvation against the
“brown rot" and adding arsenate of lead to
kill curculio we thereby eliminate a large
part of the danger from rot, since I think
much of it starts from curculio punctures.
The authorities at Washington could give
late bulletins I believe on this subject,
which would discuss it very thoroughly.
Pennsylvania. D. m. weetz.
Be The First In
Your Community
The buckeye traction
_DITCHER offers you an
opportunity to make a net
profit of $15.00 to $18.00 a
day in your neighborhood,
digging ditches. Every
farmer realizes the value of
drainage and wants it more
now than ever before, because
he can buy it from 25% to
50% cheaper than the old
method of hand labor. The
BUCKEYE digs from 100 to
150 rods a day. There is no
difficult}’ keeping the
machine busy and it pays for
itself in a very short time. It
is operated by 2 men ; simple
in construction and does not
require an expert mechanic
to manage. For further in¬
formation write for our cata¬
logue No. 3.
The Buckeye Traction
Ditcher Company
Findlay, Ohio
Hay Unloader
This Hoist is designed to
meet the needs of farmers
who have Gas or Steam
Power, and is of especial
interest for their use in un¬
loading hay and grain, and
in filling the ice house and
storing feed. etc. Write for
full particulars and price.
John Farrell. Newton, N. J.
cccn flATC Sensation yielded DC Li bus. per
acre on 2.ri acres. Best oats in cul¬
tivation. Largest grail), stiffest straw, and almost
as heavy as wheat. Try them this season and double
your yield. It will be the best investment you ever
made. Sample and catalogue free.
THEO. HURT & SONS . . Melrose, Ohio
STRAWBERRY PLANTS.
Seven of the very best varieties out of a hundred :
they have stood the test, we have them pure and
our prices are right.
Also, have a few more of our selected New Stone
Tomato Seed at $1.00 per lb., as long as they last.
Don’t forget to get our 1911 Catalogue of all kinds
of vegetable plants in their season. We have a
fine lot of Asparagus Roots to offer this spring—
the finest we liave ever had.
ROMANCE SEED. PIANT AND TRUCK FARM,
Caleb Bobos & Son, Cheswold, Delaware.
Paint Is Cheaper
Than New
Buildings
You know how
quickly a building
that never saw paint
goes to rack and ruin.
The boards rot
around the nails, they
crack and warp.
Only constant re¬
pair keeps the build¬
ing standing.
An occasional coat of good paint made with
“Dutch Boy Painter”
White Lead
and real linseed oil will save your buildings
and reduce repair, to say nothing of im¬
proving the looks of the place.
Decide to use "Dutch Boy Painter” White
Lead this spring. It’s a mighty good investment.
Write for our “ Helps No. 1308 which will tell
you why, how. with what and when to i>aint.
National Lead Company
New York Cleveland Chicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
lohn T. Lewis A Bros. Co.. Philadelphia
National Lead A Oil Co.. Pittsburgh
(Price $10 and Up
Earn #10 a day and more, easily,
sawing firewood, lumber, lath, posts,
etc., for yourself and neighbors with a
Hertzler & Zook
Portable Wood Saw
Fully Guaranteed for One Year
The Hertzler & Zook is the cheapest and best
Baw you can buy. Direct factory prices— finest
. tested materials. Easier than
/ X other saws to operate because
Js\J/ t the stick sits low and the
saw draws it on as soon
as you start work. It Is
the only saw made, sell-
lngat$t0, to which a ripping
table can be added. W rile for
circular and save money.
Hertzlei & Took Co., Box 3
Belleville, J'»,
RIFE
RAM
Water in Quantity
all over yonr farm-house, field
or barn— pumped without cost or
trouble for you by
an automatic Kife
- Ram. li a i s e a
vater 30 feet for each foot of fall
no trouble or pumping exponse.
itisfaction guaranteed. Booklet,
ans, estimate. FREE.
FE ENGINE CO., 2429 Trinitr Bldg. N.Y.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT CROW
All Standard Varieties. Also RASPBERRY. BLACKBERRY.
CURRANT and GRAPE Plants and ASPARAGUS Roou in
ASSORTMENT. WARRANTED TRUE-TO-N AME, and of
GRADE represented. Catalog with Cultural Instructions FREE.
C E. WHITTEN. BOX 11 . BRIDGMAN. MICHIGAN.
d AUI I AC — TWENTY kinds (my selection) $1.
UnflLlHO Satisfaction guaranteed. Write for
full particulars. H. F. BURT. Taunton. Mass.
UIOK
Highest Grade— Sanitary
Not a particle of wood about them
Quick to open — Quick to close —
Quick to please — Quick shipments.
Ask for 1910 Catalogue.
BOWEN & QUICK. Mir? Auburn. N. Y.
CHAMOIS SKIN KHAKI
IS THE POPULAR WORK SHIRT OF AMERICA
because — IT IS A REAL WORK SHIRT. Made of especially woven khaki with the
soft chamois skin finish, by skilled operators and GUARANTEED. Army wear
proved the value of khaki to the U. S. government, and eruery day wear will prove to
you the value of the Chamois Skin Khaki Work Shirt. At your dealer’s; if not send us
his name, your collar size and 50c in stamps for sample shirt and book of new patterns.
The President Shirt Co. 121 Wyoming St., Baltimore, Md.
Co the man behind the Plow wants a Good Fertilizer. For the
i armers, Land’s sake give him the real Farm Chemical, such as ;
Nitrate of Soda
Sulphate of Potash
Muriate of Potash
Kainit
Our 40 years of experience, prompt service, best facilities, are back of every bag of these Genuine Materials.
We advise to buy now, prompt service. Write us for Prices TO-DAY. Any amount from 200-lb. bag up.
FARMERS UNITED CHEMICAL CO.,
Box 317, Reading, Pa.
(i
“NEW MODERN" Sanitary STEEL STALLS
Simple, Strong,", and Vermin Proof.
Easily Installed for Concrete Work.
NEW MODERN” SWING STANCHIONS
Swivel or Chain, Wood or Steel
When open is held firmly in position by automatic latch, yet
when closed swings easily on metal hearings with every head
movement. Extension bar prevents cattle entering at side.
Plans and Estimates Furnished Free. All
Material and Workmanship Guaranteed.
Write todav for full details and our new catalog covering
LITTER, ENSILAGE and PLATFORM CARRIERS, WATER BASINS
with covers. STEEL STALLS, GATES. TANKS, etc.
Sales Agents for Foster’s “CHAMPION” Steel Stanchion
GLOR BROS. & WILLIS MFG- CO-, 86 Main St
l “Everything for the Iiarn”
Attica, New York.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
AQo
THE FRUIT OUTLOOK.
Fruit in Eastern Pennsylvania.
The prospects in this section are very
good for all kinds of fruit. However, the
fruit crop of this country is not large
enough to count in a commercial way. There
is little danger of the fruit business being
overdone here. There are a few good or¬
chards scattered over the county which are
well cared for and returns are such as to
encourage the growers. Most of the farm¬
ers’ orchards are dead or dying with the
scale, as the trees are too large to spray.
There is a good bit of activity in replanting
these family supply orchards and they will
be well taken care of. There is a large in¬
crease in peach planting and the business
is likely to be overdone in our market,
Trenton, N. .7. I refer more to that part
of New Jersey lying around Trenton. Prices
of peaches 1908 per basket for fancy, $1.50
to $2; 1909, $1.00; 1910, 80 cents.
Fallsington, Pa. r. p. l.
Fanning in Southern New Jersey.
Peaches were injured very much by the
cold weather the past Winter, the thermom¬
eter going as low as four below. Pears and
most other fruits seem to be all right, and
the prospect for a good crop favorable.
This part of New Jersey is particularly
adapted to raising of strawberries and all
other kinds of berries, and more straw¬
berries will be planted or raised than ever
before. Spraying is indulged in more gen¬
erally every year with good results to those
who do it intelligently. Those who culti¬
vate fruit of most kinds and in particular
strawberries do not fear over-production, es¬
pecially if the fruit is of a high order.
Planting is now being done by farmers, and
in everything will exceed any former sea¬
son, and the outlook is good. Farming in
this part is making good progress for the
reason farmers are taking better care of
the soil, as well as showing an increased
interest in keeping up and improving the
appearance of their buildings and the fences
and grounds about them. Much of the soil
here was given over to sorrel, the soil being
sour and fitted for its growth. A farmer
told me there would be double the amount
of lime used this season over any previous
one. Farming conditions about here are
much improved over former years, due to
taking better care of the soil. These con¬
ditions have been brought about largely
through the influence of The R. N.-Y. for
there are few up-to-date farmers who do not
take it and read carefully, and follow out
what they read. G. T. r,
Vineland, N. J.
Apples in Chester Co„ Pa.
At present apples are mainly imported
from York State into our Chester County,
Pa., towns. Our Italian venders mostly
sell boxed apples from Oregon and Wash¬
ington, so that apples here now are as
rare and cost equally with oranges. There
is very little fruit stored here by our
orchardlsts. The late J. Hibbard Bartram, of
our Westtown Township, was the pioneer
In placing apples in cold storage. Our
peaches come from Delaware and New
Jersey, south and east of us ; grapes from
New York State. Our orchards have here¬
tofore been small and neglected. A few
of the farmers near towns offer their
apples at stores and from house to house
during the Summer season. Within a short
time large orchards are being planted in
our country from 500 up to about 1,000
trees. There are two large nurseries within
a radius of three miles of West Chester,
our county town, the Iloopes Bros. &
Thomas and Morris Nursery companies.
These report an unprecedented sale of
apples and peach trees, both for home and
foreign planting. Several large plantings
might be named as having been last and
are being set out this year within the
limits of our county. There is also in¬
creased spraying and trimming. At one
a, our £arm supply warehouses in West
Chester, 16 barrels of spraying material
has been already sold this Spring, where
but last year the material was slowly sold
by cans. There is an increase, too, of
itinerant sprayers and trimmers. Some¬
where or somehow there have been gradu-
ma,ny tree doctors, and these are at
I, • * . I>ennsylvania Railroad instruc¬
tion trains have traversed not onlv our
county, but State. These trains have been
turnished without cost by the company, and
lectures, and demonstrations by our State
♦A i e\i ,,As indicating a result of these
travel talks and demonstrations, a I’hila-
delphia paper mentions the fact that un-
rrth®,stlinulus o£ the Williamsport Board
*ie farms have been purchased
j two orchards have been
2 nAft™ apple and peach trees, one of
"S a,n(? the Other of 3,000 trees, the
Planted with peach tree fil-
te‘s;, ™s. J8 quoted as a famous apple-
hefm'»gi-ibelo Tlie probabilities are that
^ii?1 v. the Summer is over the movement
will have had a number of other import¬
ant accessions. Our state College people
are advising farmers that there are fruit
belts as well as grain or corn belts ; that
ground not so well suited to fruit produc¬
tion cannot compete with that more pro¬
ductive of fruit, even different varieties re¬
quiring different soils, mostly sand loam.
As against this furore of planting our old
orchards, ruined by scale, are being de¬
stroyed, the trunks of the trees, where
sound, being sold to agents for special use.
Some attempt by topping and spraying is
made to prolong life and production, but in
very few instances ; so that for 12 years,
perhaps, there will be a call in our locality
for York State and Western apples as at
present. After that, much will depend on
increase of apple eating as a health policy
advocated by the Hope Farm man, and
the 12-year battle in bringing these great
orchards to their full bearing capacity.
Chester County. Pa. s. r. downing.
Good Fruit Prospects in New Hampshire.
During my stay here I have noticed a
marked increase in the condition of sur¬
rounding orchards in this vicinity. One of
my neighbors shipped over 5,000 barrels of
Baldwin apples to Liverpool, England, in
1910 from his orchard, which is situated on
a high rocky elevation, thereby escaping
the late frost we had the first week in
June. Other of my neighbors lost one-half
their crops through frosts last year. We
all believe that success with fruit trees can
only be obtained by caring for them from
infancy. With the best of care, there is no
danger of producing too much fruit in this
locality, for the late frosts are bound to
do their work nipping many of the earliest
buds. The producers about here all believe
and practice the use of the “sprayer” on
their trees, applying two, and sometimes
three sprays at the proper time. Trees,
properly cared for, in this section give their
owners excellent returns, and the prospect
for the future is very encouraging, as most
of the neglected farms and orchards are
being slowly brought back by cultivation,
pruning and spraying. D. r. d.
Peterboro, N. II.
The fruit outlook is very promising so
far. I think there is no danger in over*
doing the fruit business in Lancaster Co.
But I find that the larger plantings are for
commercial orchards where spraying can be
done to a better advantage. However, the
old apple orchards are disappearing very
rapidly owing to the ravages of San Jose
scale. j. g. r.
West Willow, Pa.
Fruit trees of all kinds in this section
have come through the Winter in perfect
condition. I do not think plantings will
be up to normal this year. Fruit growers
in this locality are not worried about pro¬
ducing too much good fruit. Spraying is
not so general in this section as it should
be, only a few of the larger growers are
spraying. w. H. o.
Lewiston, Me.
WANT TO KNOW.
Concrete Icehouse. — Has anyone had ex¬
perience in concrete work for icehouse pur¬
poses? Would solid wall or hollow blocks
be preferable? How heavy a wall and what
proportion of cement and gravel to use in
mixture for this? My house is 90 bv 80
feet, and lower part is rotting badly. I
would like to replace it with concrete' wall
if same has been found satisfactory.
Wisconsin. c' u. J.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
"square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
THIS GARMENT IS GUARANTEED
Ta, give good eweAr an J perfect jaiisfacCon
*> dy < omumer T
A REAL
GUARANTEE
You can buy all kinds of so-called
“Guaranteed Clothes." Some man¬
ufacturers say that their name is a
guarantee. Some give the merchant
a scroll to frame and hang up in his
store.
There’s just one firm in fhe country
that guarantees perfect satisfaction and
sews the guarantee in the pocket
where it stays as long as your clothes
hold together.
Woodhull, Goodale S’ Bull Clothes
are made in the best possible manner
from the most dependable fabrics.
Unless we were sure that {hey are
right in every way, we wouldn’t take
the risk of guaranteeing them.
Our Style Book is yours for the
asking. It’s worth sending for
WoodhnII, Goodale
& Boll
200 West Willow St.
SYRACUSE,
N. Y.
DAILY
OUTPUT
18,000
BBLS
’ YEARLY
OUTPUT
OVER
6,500,000
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
CLOTHCRAFT
GUARANTEED
ALL WOOL!
H sfi.us.
EVERY man who cares to be faultlessly dressed
at a saving of $5 to $10 on each suit ought to
investigate Clothcraft Clothes. With the ad¬
vantages that you can prove to your own satisfaction,
and the hidden quality assured by the Clothcraft
guaranty, you have about everything a man desires
in his clothes. And that’s more than you’d expect
at $10 to $25.
The advantages you can see are the beauty of the fabric, the correct
style and the remarkably good fit — close-fitting collar, shapely shoulders,
full, smooth coat-front, heel-hugging trousers.
The Clothcraft. guaranty, backed by dealer and maker, assures the
quality of the things you can’t 6ee — absolutely pure wool; first-class
eATan trimmings and workmanship; lasting shape, service and satisfaction.
To combine all these advantages in clothes at $10 to $25 has been
possible only through Clothcraft Scientific Tailoring — the outgrowth of
sixty-one years’ study of the making of good clothes at medium prices.
It will be worth your while to investigate Clothcraft Clothes for your¬
self. Go to the nearest Clothcraft Store, or write us direct. We’ll gladly
send you the Clothcraft style-folder for spring, and a booklet picturing
the clean, light shop where Clothcraft Clothes are made, together with
came of the nearest Clothcraft dealer.
THE JOSEPH & FEISS COMPANY
Founded 1850 — Oldest American
Manufacturers of Men’s Clothes
635 St. Clair Ave., N. W.
Cleveland
RAKES HAY RIGHT WAY
V Genuine New York Champion ^
Hay Sake, now an Iron Age prod-
. uct, made from original patterns; light
strong, compact, gets all the hay; lovers \
r convenient and easily operated; no jar — eaay\
r on horse and rider; 8,9 and 10ft. widths; lasts a i
life time; known everywhere for32 yearsaa BEST.
Repair parts supplied for old rakes.
\umm
Farm and
_ Garden Toolm
6tock carried at Canastota and Elmira, N. Y., Spring-
field, Mass., Burnham, Me., and by our agents
generally. Write to day for Anniversary “Oood Old ,
Catalog, showing Potato Machin- Friend of j
ery. Hay Rakes, Garden, Or- jev P th*
chard and other tools— free. ,rm”
BATEMAN M’F’G CO
Box 102 R 0
GRENLOCH.
**11111
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
free. Grand Rapids Veterinary
College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Manufacturers of
ALL KINDS OF
Ad’s,S. K. CATTI’IIELL, Central BridEe.N.Y^
THRESHERS
PORTER
HAY CARRIER
Has wide open mouth nnd
swinging fork pulley. Fills
hay mow full to the roof. Is
without exception best hay
carrier in the United States.
We also make Litter Carriers,
Steel Stalls and Cattle Stanchions.
Send for Catalogue
J. E. PORTER CO., OTTAWA, ILL.
THE JOHNSTON CORN BINDER BEATS THEM ALL |
In all civilized lands the superior performance of this well-built binder is recognized. It
has won the hearts of farmers everywhere, by enabling them to harvest a crop quicker, easier
and cheaper. Simple and durable; easy to draw and convenient to operate; binds above or below
the ears. Has many exclusive features. Best binder made — yet costs no more than ordinary kind.
JOHNSTON
Far m M a c h i n e r y
is vastly superior to all other makes — gives better and
longer service. Works in all conditions of grain and soil.
There’s nothing impractical or “freakish” about our Graiu
Binders, Reapers, Rakes, Manure Spread¬
ers, Mowers, Tedders, Hay Loaders, Har¬
rows, etc. Write to-day for 1911 catalog—
it explains the superior features of JOHNS¬
TON quality farm machines. It’s Free*
THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO.
Box. 100-C. BATAVIA, N. Y.
WAITER A.
WOOD
Our big Diamond Jubilee Catalog
answers the questions farmers are asking why Walter A. Wood Machines give the service
they do. It illustrates fully all the important features. You will be especially interested in
The Admiral Mower and
No.. 10 SteeL Hay Rake
— the two machines that take all the hard work out of haying. The Admiral Mower is
essentially different in construction from all others. Our catalog tells all about the
floating frame, uniform tilt, absence of side-draft and genuine under-draft, which make
it cut easier and cleaner than any mower you’ve ever driven.
It explains everything, too, about the all-steel construction of the No. 10 Rake,
about the relief springs on the teeth, the individual tooth holders, the renewable wheel
hubs and perfect control.
You want to read about these machines. Send your name and
address on a postal TODAY, read the catalog carefully, then you’ll
realize why Wood Machines are so far ahead of ali others. Send today.
490
THE RURAb NEjW-YORKEEA
April 15,
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE]
Last rear the Cunard Steamship Co.
made a profit of $1,500,000 above all ex¬
penses, including deterioration of wharf¬
age and ships. Its actual running expenses
were $8,500,000.
On March 15 there were 207.261 idle
freight cars in the United States and Can¬
ada. This is nearly twice the amount un¬
used January 1, and 12 times the number
idle March 16, 1010.
April 1 four steamers bound for Europe
from Philadelphia took 246,580 bushels of
grain and 4,130,000 pounds of flour.
London Wool Auctions. — The present
series of sales closed April 1, 8,800 bales
being sold. Prices of good scoured wool
ranged from 30 to 45 cents, and greasy
from 14 to 29 cents.
During March, 1911, 57 national banks
were organized in the United States. The
total number of national hanks at present is
7,252, with capital of $1,025,117,135, and
outstanding circulation of $729,152,916.
Sale of Valorized Coffee. — On April 1,
900,000 hags of Brazilian coffee, worth
about $16,000,000, were sold in this country
and Europe, through the agents of the Bra¬
zilian State of Sao Paulo. Because of over¬
production and unwise methods of market¬
ing, the coffee business of Brazil became un¬
profitable to the planters, and several years
ago that government took unusual methods
to improve conditions. Large quantities of
coffee were removed from the market and
stored by the government as collateral, on
which money was advanced by financiers in
Europe and' America. laws were enacted
regulating production, and the government
practically took charge of the entire coffee
business. The plan was not to corner cof¬
fee. but to hold it until a living value to
the planter was reached. This paternalism
idea did not work as well as was hoped,
but on the whole it seems to have been of
some benefit.
Potato Prices. — “A charge of giant pow¬
der has been exploded under the potato
market in this vicinity. Less than seven
days ago they were a drug at -5 cents ; to¬
day (March 31) buyers are riding all over
the country and offering 50 cents. Predic¬
tions are freely made that they will go to
$1. 1 never saw the potato market act as it
has this vear. All reports showed a moder
ate crop and much rotting, yet they went
down until 20 cents was all that farmers
and growers in many places could get.
Many believed there would be thousands of
bushels thrown out for manure. I believed
they should have brought 50 cents to the
grower all Winter, and still think so. Can
vou explain the situation?”
Rochester, N. Y. reader.
Potatoes in New York are 50 to i5 cents
per barrel higher than last week. The two
chief reasons are the local demand for seed
at this season and the very low prices that
have recently prevailed. Those with pota¬
toes on hand concluded to feed what they
could and throw the remainder away rather
than sell at prices that barely pay for the
labor of handling. It is possible that a
week of these increased prices will make
receipts at New York, Chicago and other
large markets so large that there will be a
decided drop. It must also be remembered
that there are starch and alcohol factories,
both in this country and Europe, from
which potatoes are easily diverted as soon
as the market for eating stock warrants it
The supply at New York has been exces¬
sive during the greater part of the past
Winter, but the proportion of inferior grades
was larger than usual. Potatoes under
standard size or with a suspicion of rot
are poor property to hold. This accounts
for the apparent contradiction of a crop of
moderate size flooding the market worse
than a very large crop. Offerings of medium
or low grade products are usually made
with a degree and a certain quality of
urgency that tends to depress market prices.
w. w. H.
Educational Horticulture in Virginia.
We are now about to start in on a series
of spraying demonstrations through the
“back blocks,” to be followed later in the
Summer with a series of packing demonstra¬
tions, the latter to be not in the back
blocks, hut where most apples are packed.
To my mind this educational work is the
most 'important step towards producing a
greater percentage of No. 1 fruits, and also
better packing. We are more than satisfied
with the results of these demonstrations
last year; and we found the people highly
appreciated them. We now have 800 mem¬
bers, and are strong enough to make the
Legislature do anything in reason we want.
WALTER WHATELY.
Sec. Va. Horticultural Society.
R. N.-Y. — The report of the fifteenth an¬
nual meeting of the Virginia society has
just been issued. It is a model in its way
— one of the most interesting and valuable
fruit publications ever issued. Those Vir¬
ginia fruit growers are alive.
I look for higher prices, and would not be
be surprised to see the farmer get 75 cents
per bushel before the season is closed. I
base my ideas on the fact that they have
been so cheap that they were fed to stock
more freely, and the crop was large in
some sections but light in others.
Milwaukee, Wis. c. a. breen & CO.
The freezing nights and hot days through
March have almost destroyed the Winter
wheat. Clover, too, is badly frozen out and
is standing up out of the ground with its
tap roots exposed two inches or more. The
prospects for fruits are good ; peaches, ap¬
ples, pears and plums are so far uninjured
by the Winter. The early snows in No¬
vember and December and the damp Winter
have made much mouldy and spoiled corn.
Many potatoes were frozen in the ground, as
the early Winter found them undug, and
some farmers have lost their potatoes after
digging by freezing in piles. Some are now
plowing sod for corn. Plowing cornstalk
ground for oats has not yet commenced
The ground is very wet, roads bad. and
from present appearances the seeding this
Spring will be very late. J. C. M. J.
Lawrence, Pa.
All Goods
Guaranteed
Buy From the Maker and Save Dealer’s Profit
Money Back
on Demand
TS/f-o
Built of Southern Pine,
with our improved 1911
continuous door, 19 feet
by 20 feet. Complete
without
roof . .
$89.00
All other sizes equally
as cheap.
“Simplex” Water System
This Hand Power System of
Water Supply 150 gallons daily
capacity, complete, ready to
install,
$44.90
Power out¬
fit, $110.00.
Anybody
can install
with our directions.
We also furnish this outfit for power up to
50,000 gallons capacity.
"•BSJHBE*-
26 S. Liberty, Baltimore, Md.
MANUFACTURERS
Tanks, Towers, Silos, Windmills, Pumps
Gasoline Engines, Motors and
Every kind of Equipment for supplying Water
WRITE US YOUR WANTS TODAY QUICK SHIPMENTS
One Man Portable
Sprayer
Price Complete
Spraying Tank
100 gal. cap.
Complete like cut
$11.40
1000 Gallon Cedar
Tank
20 Ft. Steel Tower
Complete Like Cut
$69.00
Other Sizes At Equally
Moderate Cost
100 Gallon Cypress Tank
Just the thing for
the farm.
Can be used as a
Sprayer by adding
Solid Cover for
$3.00 extra.
Shipped whole, ready for use. Best
value ever offered at price.
NOTHING CHEAP ABOUT OUR GOODS BUT THE PRICES . WRITE FOR CIRCULAR. PRESERVE THIS ADVT .
B
ECAUSE
the fence
gradually
will pay for the luxur¬
ies, season by season.
How? By enabling you to
turn your waste into cash.
Fence your farm off into a sufficient
number of fields to get the proper rotation
of crops and the most advantageous pastur¬
ing and your cash returns each season are bound
to increase. The farmer still using the old system
of big fields is losing money through waste. The fields
of your farm are like tables in a restaurant. The more
tables the more people served and the greater the profit.
The steel in Ellwood fence is specially made for the purpose from
carefully selected stock. It is hard, elastic, tough and springy.
The line wires, composed of two or more wires twisted into cables
give each individual wire the shape of an elongated coiled spring. The
fence is therefore sufficiently elastic to take care of expansion and con¬
traction, and yet so rigid when properly stretched as to prevent sagging.
The small and permanent mesh is made by weaving one continuous wire
throughout the fabric. The mesh or stay wires are so interwoven that slipping
is impossible. The triangular truss is the strongest form of construction known.
For this reason, Ellwood fence will stand hardest usage and still retain its shape.
Look for the Ellwood
dealer and let him
otiuii _ _ _ _ _ _ prices. Get his expert
advice on your special needs. He is on the spot, buys in large quantities, gets the
lowest carload freight rates, demonstrates quality before your eyes and is the man
from whom you will get the most for your money.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice-President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
New York Denver San Francisco
Send for copy of “Ellwood Fence News” profusely illustrated, devoted to the interests of farmers and show-
inq how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm. Furnished free upon application.
Ellwood Fence is sold in your town. dealer
showyou his different styles of fence ana quote you his low prices.
NOTHING COMMON BUT SENSE
is used in the making of a
Parsons “Low Down” Milk Wagon
Our new illustrated catalog tells
the whole story, Ask for it,
THE PARSONS WAGON CO.
Dairy Dept. EARLVILLE, N. Y.
Rust Proof - Bull Strong
Fences for horses, cattle, sheep,
bogs, chickens, etc. 160 styles.
BARGAIN PRICES :
14 Cents Per Rod Up.
We pay the freight. Lawn Fences
and Gates. Free catalog and sample.
The Brown Fence & Wire Co.,
DEPT. 69 CLEVELAND, OHIO
CYCLONE
PUT UP REPUBLIC FARM CATES
Fences and Gates for Farm, Home,
Parks or Cemeteries. Increase prop¬
erty values. Strong, Lasting, Hand¬
some. Easily erected— all heights up to 10 feet. Our
catalog and prices will interest you. We pay freight.
THE CYCLONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.
1248 E- 56th STREET CLEVELAND, OHIO
EMPIRE FENCE
the genuine EMPIRE big
wire fence, direct, at wholesale.
\Save dealer’s profits.
Big Factory, Big
Sales, 23 Styles
No traveling salesmen, small
_ expense, prices low. Every¬
thing guaranteed. Free samples by
mail. Prices of lead ing styles f re ight pre¬
paid to all points north of the Ohio and
east of the Mississippi River:—
Wires Inches high Medium Weight Extra hoavy (all No.9)
9 39 83c per rod 37c per rod
10 47 B6c per rod 41c per rod
18 65 88c per rod 49c per rod
Special rates beyond this territory.
BOND STEEL POST CO., 23 E. Mauaee St.. Adrian, Mick
48 IN.1
25c
A And see for yourself how convenient, inex¬
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are built to stand the wear and tear of years. Frame made
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211 Republic St.,
NORTH CHICAGO, ILL.]
Handsome Catalog of Republic Farm
Gates and Ornamental Fences sent
FREE. _
REPUBLIC FENCE 4 GATE CO.,
FENCE
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Best high carbon coiled steel
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Catalog — fences, tools. Buy
from factory at wholesale
prices. Write today to Box 67
MASON FENCE CO., LEESBURG, ft
ORNAMENTAL FENCE. Cheaper and I
far better than wood for Lawns, |
Churches, Cemeteries. Also Poul¬
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Wirte for Special Offer. _
► FENC£ CO„ Kox 945 Decatur. Ind. I
strong chlck-
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V Prices. We Pay Freight. Catalogue free
1 COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,
EBox 263 Winchester, Indiana
1911.
THIS RURAL, NEW-YORKER
497
NEW PLAN OF TOMATO GROWING.
Part I.
Bottomless Paper Pots. — When I be¬
gan growing tomatoes for market I
tried the advertised paper plant pots
to save one transplanting. I found two
objections. They do not remain square
at the top, which makes it difficult to
fit them closely together in the cold
frame, and the bottom, being several
thicknesses of paper, cuts off the capil¬
lar}' action, which makes it difficult to
gauge the moisture properly. I worked
out a plan that I think is a decided im¬
provement. I went to a local printer
and got the paper, or cardboard as the
printer calls it, cut '4x23 inches. It is
about the weight they usually use for
printing public sale bills, etc., and cost
$1.50 per 1,000, which is less than half
what I paid for the others. By folding
these tightly around a block of wood
3x3 inches high and four inches high,
slipping off and putting in a pin, we
have a square pot with no bottom.
These are pressed flat and packed 1,000
in a bunch for convenience, until
wanted. When ready to use I open,
give a quick pinch on the corners not
folded and the box will stand almost
perfectly square. These fit nicely to¬
gether and can be opened, shaped and
set more rapidly than the others could
be placed, and are much more conven¬
ient. I can carry 1,000 of them in at
once, while with the others I would have
15 bushels or more. I place several
rows at a time, drop a little well-rotted
manure in each one, press down, then
fill in the soil with a shovel, set a plant
in each box, then fill in more soil until
the boxes cannot be seen. This prevents
the air from getting in and drying too
rapidly. When ready for the field I slip
a trowel under and place them on a
stone boat to haul out to the field. The
manure serves every purpose of the
paper bottom, while it does not inter¬
fere with the moisture either going
down or coming up. It is not so neces¬
sary to remove these boxes and if we do
wish to take them off they are much
more easily removed than those with
bottoms.
Pruning the Vines. — Our greatest
improvement, however, has been in
adopting a system of pruning, originated
a few years ago by J. F. Littooy, then
of Washington. In that section along
the Puget Sound it was thought by most
people that tomatoes could not be
grown, except a few green ones for
pickles. A few succeeded in ripening
some, but they said that the Earliana
was the only variety that could be
grown successfully. As the result of a
little controversy Mr. Littooy got seeds
from all the varieties he could obtain
readily, 36 in all, and ripened tomatoes
from each of them. Others tried his
pruning system, and soon were grow¬
ing tomatoes for the local markets
which, I think had never been known
in that section before. There the vines
grow very rank at the expense of the
fruit, as they do in the East in cool
wet seasons, only more so. I begin
pruning by pinching out the head when
there are about six well-developed
leaves, leaving four good leaves. No
matter if there are blossom buds I pinch
them out just the same. This may not
look like getting early tomatoes, but we
do get more early fruit. The object is
to start the branches quickly. When
these are well started if there are more
than four we take them off, leaving the
best ones and as well balanced as
may be.
Four Limbs Wanted. — Now we want
just these four limbs and no more
branches. As they grow they start
branches from the axil of nearly every
leaf. These are snapped off. While
small they break easily. I seldom use a
knife unless the work has been neglected
and some of the branches have grown
six or eight inches. I sometimes find
blossoms on these large branches, and
there is a strong inclination to leave
them on, but there is absolutely nothing
gained by leaving more than the four
main limbs ; it only increases the work.
On each of these four limbs we find
three leaves, then a cluster of fruit,
three more leaves, another fruit cluster,
etc. When the third cluster is well set
to fruit the rule is to pinch off the end,
leaving two leaves above the last clus¬
ter. But in my practice I often find by
this time the plant is too busy maturing
the fruit to make much more vine, so
let the tips take care of themselves. We
have 12 fruit clusters on the vine which
is plenty. I remove no leaves, but treat
all branches as weeds, and it is im¬
portant that they be removed while
small, that all the vigor of the plant
may go to making fruit. I use no sup¬
ports. The tomatoes are all exposed to
the sun and the picker can see all the
ripe ones without moving any vines. I
think sometimes that it would pay us to
prune for the convenience of picking
alone. I can start my plants about 10
days earlier, for, when headed out, we
can hold them in the cold frame that
much longer, as they cannot grow tall
and spindly, and we have the branches
well started when they go to the field, so
that we get blossoms as soon as on
plants not pruned, and have four clus¬
ters instead of one ; each of these will
produce full clusters of fruit. The first
blossoms that appear in the center of a
plant seldom produce good fruit and if
they do there is too long a space be¬
tween that and the next ones. Even
with plants of the same age, while it is
possible to get the first ripe tomatoes
sometimes without pruning, I know I
get far more real early by pruning them.
It is necessary to go over the patch
about three times, sometimes more.
When a branch is broken off they
never start another from the same place,
and we have that much of the vine fin¬
ished. When we have gone all over the
vine we care not how much it rains or
how rich the soil is; they must make
tomatoes if they grow at all, for they
cannot grow more vine. With this sys¬
tem there is no danger of getting the
soil too rich with anything like a bal¬
anced fertilizer. I prune both early and
late varieties and can ripen 90 per cent
or more of the late ones every year,
even when many are complaining that
they can’t get half their crop to ripen.
1 have tried staking and pruning to a
single stem, but it is more work and less
tomatoes. b. v. egbert.
Pennsylvania.
When you write advertisers mention The
It. X.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
‘ square deal." See guarantee editorial page.
REASONED IT OUT
And Found a Change in Food Put
Him Right.
A man does not count as wasted the
time he spends in thinking over his busi¬
ness, but he seems loth to give the same
sort of careful attention to himself and
to his health. And yet his business would
be worth little without good health to
care for it. A business man tells how he
did himself good by carefully thinking
over his physical condition, investigating
to find out what was needed, and then
changing to the right food.
"For some years I had been bothered
a great deal after meals. My food seemed
to lay like lead in my stomach, produc¬
ing heaviness and dullness and some¬
times positive pain. Of course this ren¬
dered me more or less unfit for busi¬
ness, and I made up my mind that
something would have to be done.
"Reflection led me to the conclusion
that over-eating, filling the stomach with
indigestible food, was responsible for
many of the ills that human flesh en¬
dures, and that I was punishing myself
in that way — that was what was making
me so dull, heavy and uncomfortable,
and unfit for business after meals. I con¬
cluded to try Grape-Nuts food to see
what it could do for me.
"I have been using it for some months
now, and am glad to say that I do not
suffer any longer after meals; my food
seems to assimilate easily and perfectly,
and to do the work for which it was in¬
tended.
“I have regained my normal weight,
and find that business is a pleasure once
more — can take more interest in it, and
my mind is clearer and more alert.”
Name given by Postum Co., Battle
Creek, Mich.
Read "The Road to Wellville,” in
pkgs. "There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter ? A new one
appears from time to time. They are genu¬
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BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY
Potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, cantaloups,
small fruits, orchards, can be sprayed , at
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delivered in a fine spray that covers the plant
—single or double acting pumps— three. fout> six or seven
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tanks. Has orchard attachment and many others.
IBONACB arm and^Gardeo Tool*
aro practical, affective, economical
They give permanent satisfac¬
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years. Formulas for
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Catalog; showing pota- _ _
to machinery, horse hoes, cultivators and complete line^
of garden drills, wheel hoes, orchard tools, etc. ^ [
BATEMAN M’F’G CO. Box 1029 Grenloch, N. J.l
You Nail Users—
Look closely at this illustration.
See how the fibres of wood are hooked
down, firmly holding the fresh driven nail.
But unless this nail is proof against rust the
hole will be enlarged. Frost and moisture
penetrate. The wood fibres decay. The nail
loosens and literally falls out.
Now multiply what happens to one nail by
what happens to all the nails in your roof,
fence or clapboarding.
And you have the reason why work nailed
with ordinary steel and wire nails, thinly coated
nails and “galvanized ” nails, does not last.
And you have the reason, too, why it is nat
economy to use such nails.
By paying a little more you can get “MIFCo”
heavy zinc coated nails.
Every hundredweight of these enduring
nails is coated with 12 pounds of pure zinc.
And zinc, like copper, is indestructible.
Builders’ stories and the drawn nails them¬
selves prove that “MIFCo” nails, driven
in shingles 29 years ago, are free from rust.
You who use nails — farmers, builders and
architects — don’t spend a cent for any nails
till you learn all about “MIFCo” brand.
If your hardware dealer isn’t supplied send
us your name and address.
We’ll send the nearest dealer’s name and an
interesting booklet.
MALLEABLE IRON FITTINGS CO., Branford, Ct.
Cents a Rod
i For 18-ln. 14 3-4e for 22-ln. Hog [B=IS=IB=8
; Fence; 15c for 2G-lnch; 18 8-le
. for 32-lnch; 25e for a 47-inch ^ !
’ Farm Fence. 48-lneh Poultry jk 1
1 fence 28 l-2e. Sold on 30 days
■trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb [
1 Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
AMERICAN
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
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Made of tough steel, heavily
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proven by us — ten years’ ac¬
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Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
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Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 6 Wire Co.
Chicago :
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Denver :
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New York:
SO Church Street
San Francisco :
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FROST
WIRE FENCES
A Heavy Fence made of Hard wire,
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that of lasting and satisfactory
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Box 230 MUNCIE, INO.
6=1
DE^FARM
EALTH and peace join
hands to bring happiness
to all while prosperity shines brightly ’round
the farm fenced with
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In quality of material, method of construdion, durability
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Open Hearth Wire, made from our own formula and perfectly galvan¬
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“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence perfectly meets the most exacting re¬
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498
April 15,
THE RURAI> NEW-YORKER
Hope Farm Notes
PLANTING TREES AT HOPE FARM.
I am like the bad penny that always re¬
turns. But this time I am going to bother
yon for my neighbors as well as myself.
There are several who are going to start
orchards, and they join me in asking -you
to give your method of growing your young
orchards, from setting the trees until now.
Some of them never set out a tree. They
want to know how deep and wide a hole ?
How to cut back roots and tops? Kind of
fertilizer? IIow to prune the second year?
They would like it in The It. N.-Y. if you
have space, so that all can read it, and if
you have any pictures of the trees after
planting and later, showing their growth, it
would give them an idea of how the trees
should look. F. p. b.
Massachusetts.
I fear that our experience and practice
will hardly be regarded as “expert"’ advice —
however, this is about the way we try to
operate. Our orchards are mostly on a
steep hillside. The soil is inclined to be
stiff and hard, and is very stony in parts.
Our object was to establish a good com¬
mercial orchard with small capital and little
cost of labor.
We buy good-sized year-old trees. The
height of the tree does not matter as much
as the size of the stem, as we cut most of
the top away. I like a yearling cut back
to a whip, because we can control and shape
the head as it grows and get it down close
to the ground. Some people argue for older
trees — two or three years old. With such
trees the head or crotch has already been
formed, and in the majority of cases it is
not the head you want. With these older
trees you do not want to cut them off be¬
low the crotch. There are some cases
where a very low head is not desirable, as,
for instance, where you want to grow crops
under the trees while they are coming into
fruit. I have a few acres where this is de¬
sirable, and in such cases we head the trees
high. In our hillside orchards we try to
get the trees down low.
As soon as the trees come from the nur¬
sery we get them out of the boxes and ly?el
the' roots in. This is done by plowing tur-
rows or digging ditches so that the roots
will go into them. The bundles of trees
are set in these furrows in a slanting posi¬
tion and earth thrown over the roots and
stamped down hard. Take a microscope
and look the trees over for scale, hunting
for little grey patches near where the twigs
start out, with little purple spots. If you
find any dip or spray the trees before you
plant them, using soluble oil or lime-sul¬
phur for the purpose. Where there are but
few trees this can be done by wiping the
trees in a cloth wet in one of these liquids.
We stake off the field where the trees are
to go, using a line and stick. Our apple
trees are planted 32 feet each way and the
peach 16 or 18 feet. Up to this year we
have not used “fillers"’ except in one case
where we planted peach trees between the
apples. We do not like the plan and shall
not do it again. This year we are planting
Wealthy and McIntosh apples as fillers. In
one field we shall plant the trees 20 feet
each way, planning to cut out the alternate
rows when the trees get too large and the
a’ternate trees in the other rows later on.
When the stakes are set and the trees have
come we begin digging holes. We like to
put the tree into fresh dug soil. A short-
handled spade is used, and with practice
about five licks with it will finish the hole.
We drive it down to the full length with
the foot and throw out all the spade will
hold. Then step to the opposite side and
repeat. Then on the other two sides with
one scrape to clean out the bottom. As a
result we have a hole about 18 inches across
and a little deeper than the spade.
We have experimented with all sorts of
holes for planting trees. One year we
planted peach trees in crowbar holes.
These holes were simply punched in the soil
with an ordinary iron bar. All the side
roots were cut off and the top cut back to
15 inches. These little sticks were put into
the crowbar holes and the soil pounded
hard around them. Most of them lived and
did well, making a peculiar root system
with long and deep tap roots. The great
trouble was that without side roots to
brace and bind them in the soil these trees
were in danger of being lifted out by the
frost, or whirling around with the wind.
We have used post auger holes and most
other sizes up to that of a barrel, and con¬
clude that the size described above is best
for yearling trees.
While one man is digging the holes an¬
other follows to plant. We take only a
few bundles at a time, and keep the roots
covered with wet straw or sacking. With a
heavy sharp knife — a single slice if possible
— the top of the trees is cut off so as to
leave a little over two feet above ground.
This length will vary with the size and
«hape of the tree. We prefer a clean cut
below the crotch if the little tree has
formed any, so as to leave a straight, sin¬
gle stem. In case a crotch has been
formed low down with three or more
branches, we let it go by cutting far enough
above it to leave one or two good outside
buds on each limb. Of course no one would
think of leaving inside buds here to grow
into the center of the tree. Good judgment
is required in doing this pruning. It is the
job for the boss, for it may determine the
shape of his future trees. He should study
a well-shaped tree before he begins and
have it in mind as he cuts, trying to imag¬
ine what the limbs or buds will look like
when they grow. Having cut the top, turn
the little tree up and examine the roots.
Look first for crown-gall or little warts or
bunches on the roots or close to the base
of the tree. If vou find any do not plant
that tree; it will not amount to anything
Tut such a tree at one side and at once
notify the nurseryman, telling him how
many you found. If the tree and roots are
clean take your sharp knife and cut on the
under side of the roots so as to leave about
five to six inches of the larger roots. Do
not cut them sharp off, but with a long
cut, so that when the tree is put into the
ground this cut surface will rest on the
bottom of the hole. Cut out all small roots.
Thus cut your tree will show a root spread
of a foot or a little more, and is ready to
plant. You have not asked for any argu¬
ment to show that this is the best way.
Experience has convinced us that these
short-rooted trees planted in comparatively
small holes make a better root system and are
more permanent than where the roots are
left on and large holes are dug.
With the tree pruned in this way we
put it down in the center of the hole and
sight both ways so as to have it exactly ih
line. Some planters use a board with a
notch cut in it, placed over the hole, to keep
the tree in line. It does not make great
difference, if the roots are crowded or
jammed together at the bottom of the hole.
Experiments in England seem to have dem¬
onstrated that. I think this theory o? try¬
ing to straighten out the roots until they
lie like electric wires is pretty much lost
labor. The most important thing is to have
the soil packed and jammed hard around
the roots. Unless this is done air will work
in and the roots may dry out or refuse to
callus over. We throw top soil around the
roots in the hole and stamp down. Then
bits of sod, if any were dug up, all packed
hard. Then the remaining soil until the
hole is filled, with a little mound around
the base of the tree. I would stamp with a
heavy heel around the tree five or six times
while the hole is being filled, for the most
necessary thing of all is to have that soil
packed hard. Some growers do this by
pouring a bucket or so of water into the
hole as the dirt is thrown in. We do not
have a water supply near our orchard and
the packing does the work. Thus, when our
trees arc planted they stand about one
inch deeper in the ground than they did in
the nursery, the soil packed hard around
them and a little mound around the base.
Our first apple orchard was planted on a
high hill to the west of the farm. I well
remember looking up there from the valley
as the sun went down and seeing merely a
group of little stakes outlined against the
sky. It hardly seemed possible that this
could be the starting. of an orchard, yet now
the trees stand broad and high like a young
forest covering the hill.
What about fertilizing and care? It will
depend on what you intend to d» with the
land. Many farmers feel that they cannot
afford to let the land lie idle while the
trees are growing, so they grow crops be¬
tween the trees — the cultivation and fer¬
tilizing of these crops caring for all. You
will see on page 260 how John Q. Wells did
this by growing beans between the trees,
plowing first in one direction and then in
the other. This simple plan has produced a
good orchard. We have followed several
plans. In one case the ground has been left
in sod— the grass cut and most of it piled
around the trees. On another part of the
hill strips five or six feet wide have been
plowed on each side of the tree rows and
kept cultivated, while the middles were left
in grass or rye. In other cases all the land
was plowed and cultivated in corn. I will
try to describe these various plans next
week. You now know how we plant a tree.
Do not under any circumstances put manure
in the hole when you plant. One year I
“took advice” and dug holes in the Fall and
filled them with manure. In the Spring we
pulled out the manure and planted. It was
a fine theory, but it killed most of the trees.
Keep manure or concentrated fertilizer out
of the holes. A handful of bone meal and
wood ashes would do no particular harm, but
I would much prefer to plant the trees as
described above and use no fertilizer with
it. Let it make its own start. The place
for fertilizer or manure for the little tree is
around it— the fertilizer worked lightly into
the soil or the manure left on top as a
mulch. Do not pile manure close around
the trunk of the tree, but always a few
inches away, and use all the straw, trash,
anything that will rot. for this purpose. It
will keep the soil moist and cool and help
the tree. Now, with our tree planted, we
will trv to tell how we care for it.
H. w. c.
SPECIAL GRINDER
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A. B. FARQUHAR C0„ Ltd., Box 614, York, Pa.
Amatite has a real mineral sur¬
face which needs no painting.
The above illustration shows
the barn of S. P. Strickland.
Bangor, Me., which was roofed
with Amatite three years ago.
The owner’s opinion of it is ex¬
pressed in the following letter,
which we recently received : —
“Gentlemen: — The Amatite Roofing
purchased three years ago ami placed
on my barn has given most satisfactory
service. Tho Roofing is unusually attrac¬
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this feature makes itby far the cheapest
ready roofing on the market.
Yours very truly,
(Signed) S. P. STRICKLAND.”
Every practical man will see at
once that painting roofs is an ex¬
pensive nuisance. If the roofs
fail, the manufacturer always
claims that they are not painted
often enough, or that you did not
use the right kind of paint or
something of that sort. After
Amatite is laid there is nothing
more to do to it.
If we sold Amatite at a price
20% higher than the old-fashioned
“ Pain t-me-of ten” kind, you would
be justified in buying it. You
would more than save the extra
cost by eliminating the paint in
after years. Amatite, however,
costs no more than other first-
class roofings, and it gives twice
as much weight of roof per square
foot.
A sample of Amatite showing
the mineral surface will be sent
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nearest office.
Everjet Elastic Paint
Do you realize the economy of using
black paint when possible ? Everjet costs
half as much as other first-class paints.
Tough, durable, heat-proof and water¬
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Creonoid
Lice Destroyer
and Cow Spray
Vermin in the cow barn and hen house
costs you money. Prevent insect worry by
spraying regularly with Creonoid, a cheap,
powerful disinfectant. It repels flics,
mosquitoes and hen lice. It kills germs
and prevents the spread of contagion.
BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY
New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland
Pittsburg Cincinnati Kansas City Minneapolis New Orleans
Seattle London, England
Bam of S. P. Strickland, Bangor, Me.,
covered with Amatite Roofing.
I want 1000 Farmers who have never
used it to make a Trial Experiment with
Nitrate of Soda
on a small part of a field, on any staple
Crop. It will be a useful demonstration
of the value of Nitrate as a Fertilizer
when used as a Top Dressing. The Trial
Will Cost You Nothing
Send your name and address on Post
Card for instructions and conditions
Dr. WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director of Propaganda
71 Nassau Street, New York
No Branch Offices
Standard Among Drilling Machine*
’he oldest established manufacturers, the largest
no of drilling machines and tools, and 41 years
'f successful operation in nearly every country
, in the world, make
American Drilling Machines
Standard the world over.
For every possible condition of earth
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quirement.
Catalog No. 105, the most
complete “drill hole” catalog
ever issued, Free.
The American Well Works
General Office and Works,
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Chicago Office: First Na- '
tionai Bank Bldg.
|Cf| Parm0rOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile
luU Idi Hid Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
WE SELL FARMS in Oceana, best County in U. S.
Fruit, Alfalfa. Grain .Vegetables, Stock, Poul¬
try. J. D. S. HANSON & SON, Hart, Mich.
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE.
. . . MANUFACTURED ONLY BY . . .
Rogers & Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn,
Send for free Almanac telling all about
Hubbard’s “ Bone Base” Fertilizers.
Dalouioro Cormo Now is the time to-bu.v them.
UGldWalb rdllllo Gen. du Pont. President of
the du Pont Powder Co., presented Delaware with a
Macadam Road through entire state When completed,
farms will be worth twice the money asked now. Send
for our catalogue, free. FORD A REIS, Inc., Dept.
II., 'Wilmington, Del.
1011.
TH fcC RURAL NEW-YORKER
438
Ruralisms
WHO PRODUCED THE ABUNDANCE PLUM?
In 1884 or 1885 we imported from Ja¬
pan 12 or more varieties of Japan plums.
Among these were the Botan and Ogon.
These bore specimens in three years af¬
ter we planted them. At that time there
were no other Japan plums bearing in
the State. Messrs. Albertson & Hobbs,
owning a nursery near Indianapolis,
called on us to see these plums ; and
expressed surprise that we should have
then in bearing, while they had them in
the bud only. A few years after a
neighbor bought from some New Jersey
nursery a number of Abundance plums.
When they came in bearing they were
identical with my Botan. No San Jose
scale was thought of then, and we have
none now. Three or four of those im¬
ported trees are still bearing, though
over 26 years old. j. h. haynes.
Indiana.
IS OLDENBURG APPLE SELF-FERTILE?
A. A. H., Port Clinton , 0. — I intend to
top-graft three acres of apple trees set last
Fall to Duchess of Oldenburg. The block
will be isolated from any other apple
trees. Are they self-pollenizers, to insure
good crops, or if not, what variety should
I use with them to fertilize them? I have
six rows in the block. Would the third row
be enough to fertilize the two rows on
one side and the three rows on the other
side?
Ans. — I have heard no complaint of
the Oldenburg being unable to pollenize
its own blossoms. From the fact that its
great hardiness in sections of our coun¬
try where many other varieties perish by
cold has resulted in planting largely of
Oldenburg, we may reasonably infer that
it is a self-fertile variety. In fact, most
of our better-known varieties of apples
will bear quite well when planted alone,
although it has been observed that they
are benefited to a greater or lesser ex¬
tent when there may be cross-pollination
by having different varieties planted in
the same orchard. It is. safe to say that
if A. A. IT. plant the third row of the
six with some other variety there will
be no lack of cross-pollination, and as
good results should be expected as where
a greater proportion of the orchard were
set to a different variety.
F. H. BALLOU.
FLORA OF PUGET SOUND.
A reader of The R. N.-Y. at Twin Falls,
Idaho, wants to know what kind of a plant
is the Oregon grape. That brings me to the
point of giving a short description of some
of the plants native to the Puget Sound
country. The region might include, a large
area of the Pacific Northwest, lying west
of the Cascade Mountains, and bordering on
the Pacific ocean. Being a rain-belt sec¬
tion, with long Summers and short Winters,
the natural flora differs from almost every
other section of the United States. The
natural condition of the land touching the
shores of Puget Sound and sloping back
to the mountains, is that of an extensive
forest. Western Washington, for instance,
at one time had more than eight million
acres in native timber. The demands of
commerce, for city building and shipment
abroad, has cut the timber from approx¬
imately 2,250,000 acres. That wide area
now represents an almost continuous wil¬
derness of stumps and logs, and is known
locally as logged-off land. Here and there
are railroad towns, and occasional farms and
orchards. With the removal of the mar¬
ketable timber came the forest fires, and
the laying waste of great tracts of land.
Then nature attempted the work of refores¬
tation. The new growth consists largely
of shrubs, flowers, berries and ferns, scat¬
tered among the young evergreens. The
original trees were chiefly of the evergreen
family, consisting of fir, cedar and hemlock.
Among the deciduous timber, native to the
country, were such trees as maple, alder
and oak. The maple and alder grow on
bottom lands and the oak in the gravel or
prairie formations.
Rhododendrons cover one section of the
Puget Sound district. That comprises por¬
tions of three counties, Kitsap, Mason and
Jefferson. A few' years ago, w'hen the pop¬
ular vote was to decide on the State flower,
the boats entering Seattle harbor were
loaded with Rhododendrons and the flowers
distributed throughout the city. They
captivated everybody, and the Rhododen¬
dron w'on as the most popular candidate,
the plant is a shrub, growing mainly on
sandy or gravelly soil, generally where the
moisture is deficient during the Summer
months. Oregon grape, Berberis repeas, is a
bright little shrub that stands ail sorts of
not and cold weather, and seems to prefer
semi-arid conditions. It seldom attains a
height of more than two feet, and generally
?? n°t s? tall. Many plants bear a rich,
blue-black cluster of fruit, resembling
grapes. The fruit is used for making
syrup, canning and preserving. The foli¬
age resembles holly leaves, and the Oregon
grape frequently takes the place of imported
holly, for decorating homes and public halls.
Huckleberries are shrubby plants, grow¬
ing in the open country. They are of three
distinct types ; one bears blue, another
black and another red fruits. The berries
are always marketable, pickers often get¬
ting 10 cents a pound for choice huckle¬
berries ; in fact I have seen the berries
selling on the Seattle markets for 25 cents
a pound. The plants are wroody, and re¬
main in the same spot for years, the black
and blue being evergreen and the red a
deciduous plant. The berries are used for
home canning, for pies and w'ine making.
Madronas are peculiar trees, of hard w'ood,
bearing evergreen leaves and giving out
fragrant blossoms every year. The tree
sheds its bark in the Spring, ahd, from a
brown color, turns to a rich green, followed
by a pink appearance and then back to
the. glossy yellow' or brown for the Winter.
It is a remarkably clean tree, and seems to
have no enemies. The roots go down, much
the same as hickory, and the plants are
often difficult to reset, because of not hav¬
ing sufficient surface rootlets. Wild black¬
berries are the best native fruits growing
in the Puget Sound region. They are
sought by families, markets and all want¬
ing the combination of wild flavor and ex¬
cellent fruit. It wras customary, years ago,
for the Indians to burn over tracts of for¬
est, every Summer, to open up the country
for wild berries. That did two things — -
supplied fruits for home use and attracted
the bear and fowls of the timbered districts.
Then the pioneers followed the same plan,
and t ne wild berries are well distributed
over the logged-off territory. Salal berries
are grown on small, shrubby bushes. They
are picked and mixed with Oregon grape
for making jams and jellies, and for boil¬
ing to a syrup, which many prefer to that
purchased in cans, coming from the refin¬
ing mills of somewhere. The salal plant,
like the others, thrives on sandy, gravelly
upland, from which the timber- has been
removed. Its berries are ripe in September,
and stand beside the huckleberries, until
Christmas, giving fruits for the people and
food for fowls and animals. Salmon berries
are among the wild fruits, growing • in
marshy and shaded spots, along the water¬
ways. The plants stand about four feet,
and branch out, in tree form. If there is
enough room for spreading. The fruits are
rich salmon color and come about the first
thing in the Spring, being much sought by
birds and wild fowl. Wild raspberries are
fine, ornamental unbrella-shaped plants,
bearing black fruits, and companions of the
salmon berries. joel siiomaker.
Washington.
THE 0 K CHAMPION SPRAYER
Paris Green
that is
Effective
THERE are many Greens on the
market, but they are not all of the
. same quality. The result-produc¬
ing kind must possess two essential prop¬
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second, freedom from an excess of the un¬
combined or “free” arsenic which blights
and burns the foliage. Both these attri¬
butes are secured to an unusual degree in
SHERWIN-WILLIAMS
PARIS GREEN
Our special processes insure a Green
which is exceptionally strong in poisonous
properties, yet one which contains so little
‘‘free” or uncombined arsenic as to make
it absolutely safe in so far as its effect
upon the vegetation itself is concerned.
In addition to these points its uniform
unbroken crystal construction makes it
unusually light in gravity, so that it holds
well _ in suspension, does not wash off
readily, and covers a large area per pound.
Always full net weight. Write for prices
on your requirements.
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
MAKERS OF INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES
Insures the potato and
other vegetable crops
from damage by blight
or bugs. Their Work
Guaranteed.
ALL BRASS Double
Acting High Pressure
Bronze Ball Valve Force
Pump with relief valve
is unequalled.
LARGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE
describing 0 K Champion Potato Sprayers,
Planters, Diggers, etc., with particulars.
Write today.
Champion Potato Machinery Co.
151 Chicago A ye.. Hammond, Ind.
SPRAY fruits and
* FIELD CROPS
" ™ ^ and do whitewashing in most effectual, economical,
rapid wa j. Satiefaction guaranteed. BROWN’S
’ POWERR Auto-Sprays
1 No. 1 , shown her., ia fltto.l with Auto-Pop Nratlo—
/ ""'AU.' orillD»rr •prayer,. Endorsed by Ei-
J periment StAtiooa and 300,000 other,. 40 style, and
1 .„Ifs °‘ h*Dd ,n,11 P0"«r Bprayerfl— also price,
' »nd viloabl, spraying guido In our Free Book.
Writo postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
11 o Jay St . Rochester, N. X.
SIT
635 CANAL ROAD
CLEVELAND, O.
This book, “Spraying — I
a Profitable Invest¬
ment,” sent free.
When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
POTATO
SPRAYERS
233 Bushels
"ONE FOR All,” No. 1
I
OCATH TO INSCCTS A FUNGI
Barrel,. 425 lbs ... _ - ns- per 111
« Bbl, .,200 Ibs.^— os-,
100 lb, ...... _ _ “
50 lbs . . — _ nMf' °
25 lb, - cum. — .03
r O. 8 NEW YORK
Wool Greet, e, Arsenate of Lead, Lime-Sulphur
Combined. A Contact and Pouon Spray.
A t\ Insecticide & Fungicide.
Only Thing Needed for all Pe*ti or Fungus.’
WRITE FOR BOOKLET.
MANHATTAN 'OIL COMPANY
Eatabjiahed 18SJ
.61 Front Street. New York
more per acre by
Spraying
That is what the
New York Exper¬
iment Station
reports as a
year averagt*
Gain by Spray
ing potatoes.
Don’t let
blight, scab,
rot, and
bugs cut _ _ .
your crop In half— but get a HURST Sprayer and
make all the Money you are really entitled to for
your work out of your Potatoes or fruit. Spray
first, then if you bny, Pay Us out of the “Extra Pro-
fit.” These sprayers Spray Anything, potatoes,
orchards, vineyards, truck (4 to 6 rows at a time).
"Man-power and horse-power.” Powerful pres¬
sure. Easy on man and horse. Strong and
durable. Brass valves, plunger, strainer, etc.
Guaranteed for 5 Years.
Shipped on Free Trial
without a cent in advance. No bank deposit.
no strings” to our trial offer. Wholesale prices.
Wo pay Freight.
W rite ns a letter or card
and tell us which mach¬
ine you are interested
in, and you’ll get free our
valuable SprayingGuide
—Catalog— and ourspec-
lal Free Offer to first in
each locality this season.
Be first to write us.
H. 1. HURST MFG. CO..
*81 NORTH ST.. CANTON. OHIO
Spray 30 Acres a Day
Potatoes, Small Fruits, Vines
Spraying that counts. 6 rows at a time with force to do
work right. Foliage sprayed all over, under as well as
on lop. The Perfection Sprayer is also great at orchard
work. Spray trees by hand. Easy to maintain iao
pounds pressure with two nozzles going. Strong 60
gallon tank, perfect agitation, absolutely beat spray
pump made. Spray pipes fold up— you can
drive close to trees and in narrow places.
Over 23 years a sprayer builder. 1 know re¬
quirements, and I know the Perfection is
right. Over lOOO In use,
all giving satisfaction.
W rite for Free Catalog.
Don’t bny any sprayer
till it comes.
THOMAS
PEPPLER
Box 45,Hightstown,N.J.
II DDR V Adopted bythe N.Y .State FruitGrowers’Ass’n-
Omni IT WILL PAY YOU TO USE EITIIKK.
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS aho AGENTS WANTEO
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
i USE
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
HDAYVIEW AVE..JERSEY CITY. N.J.
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITEDl
SPRAY
Watson OSPRAYMO 4-ROW
High Pressure Potato Sprayer
Never damages foliage, but always reaches bugs, worms, and
other foliage-eating insects. lias all improvements,— adjustable
wheel Width, spray and pressure instantly regulated. Capacity 80 to 40
acresadav. free formula book. Send for instruction book sliowiug the
famous Garfield, Leader, Empire King and other sprayers.
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., » Eleventh St., Elmira, N. Y.
Frait Sprayed with
Bowkcr’s “Pyrox”
brings more money because ft is free from injury by worms,
" scab, etc. Over 300 testimonials in our
new catalogue show the great value of this preparation on all kinds of fruits
and vegetables. Pyrox serves two purposes ; it kills insects and prevents dis¬
ease and blemish. It adheres to the foliage even through heavy rains, saving-
labor and cost of re-spraying. Perfectly safe. It is all ready to use by mixing
with cold water. Every grower who seeks fruit and vegetables free from
blemish needs “Pyrox,” the “one best spray.” It
“Fills the barrel with the kind they used to put on Top”
. Send for new catalogue with photograph of sprayed and unsprayed fruit in
original colors. TV ill convince the most skeptical. Say how many and what
kinds of fruit trees, or how many acres of potatoes you have to spray, and ask
tor special prices. We ship from Boston, Baltimore, and Cincinnati.
ROWKFR INSECTICIDE COMPANY,
▼ ▼ ll -LJ XV 43 CHATHAM STREET. BOSTON. MASS.
500
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 15,
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FA TIMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established. 1850.
Publilhed weekly by the Rural Publishing Compnny, 409 Pearl Street, New York.
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 00 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timi
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cr.sh irust accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL/’
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
ioss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in ourcolumns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned Thk Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
Mail matter recently reached England bearing the
following postmark, “First Aerial Post, Allahabad,
1911.” The postal authorities in India established an
aerial post in order to show what a flying machine
can do in carrying messages to a beleaguered town.
Letters and post cards are carried and can thus be
quickly delivered over mountains or lakes. This is
the first use of the flying machine in the mail service.
Think of it, while Indian mail is flying, parcels post in
this land of the free crawls with ball and chain on
its leg.
*
In the Canadian Northwest the contractor who was
building a railroad found Winter suddenly upon him.
Snow came on so rapidly that it was impossible to
work, and he was left with a gang of idle, hungry
men, brought there under promise of good food. He
proposed to feed them on what is called “a stick and
a track.” That is, he handed a hungry man a stick,
‘■•bowed him a rabbit track in the soft, deep snow, and
told him to hunt his meat. These "back to the land”
boomers (land agents and “high-browed” thinkers) do
not offer the clerks and broken-down business men
much more substantial food than “a stick and a track.”
Ofttimes the track on which the city men is started is
more visionary than that of a rabbit in the snow. Some
of these men may think we are cruel in throwing cold
water on their farm dreams, but most of them would
need to show twice the energy and judgment they have
yet shown in order to make a living on a farm.
*
Throughout the North this is a hard season for
“cover crops,” especially for Crimson clover. A cold
and windy March is the most trying season for this
crop. The plants are lifted out by the roots — and that
ends them. Wheat has suffered in the same way, but
rye is a tougher plant and is generally in better shape.
■Some farmers do not appreciate the value of rye in
such a season as the last one. With us it was too
dry to start clover or vetch in time to get a paying
growth, but rye, seeded late, came on and covered the
ground. The farm is now green with it. We can plow
it under for green manuring or let it go to straw and
grain. We believe that vetch is the coming cover
crop — in several ways superior to Crimson clover.
That is why we give so much space to it. The crop
has been of great value to many farmers. We are
here to help extend values when we can.
*
What are the facts about imports of cream into this
country? We have seen half a dozen different state¬
ments. President Taft told Congress that the amount
was 731,761 gallons, worth $577,698. We find that
this was for the year ending June, 1910. The last
tariff bill went into effect in August, 1909. At this
time the tariff on cream was reduced to five cents a
gallon. We have been informed that this was the
result of a clerical error, the tariff makers intending
to make it five cents a pound. The effect of this tariff
reduction was not noticed, particularly until 1910, when
American butter makers found that they could go
over the line and buy Canadian cream cheaper than
American cream would sell for. The figures given by
President Taft cover scarcely six months of imports
due to the lower tariff. In the eight months since
last June this country has imported 1,921,939 gallons
of cream, valued at $1,543,759 ! Practically all of this
came fropi Canada. Thus in eight months after this
lower tariff got into good working order this country
imported nearly three times as much cream as Presi¬
dent Taft told Congress Canada sends us in a year.
This is only a beginning of the stream which will
follow, in fact the Boston milk contractors have already
started to cut down the price of milk to producers.
*
“When you buy a farm you buy a job; no more !
It’s up to you to make good or poor wages!” j. d.
If we were czar we would see to it that every
“back to the lander” had that as a motto in large
letters where he would be obliged to read it twice a
day. It is true. There are still some hopeful souls
who think the mere act of moving to a farm will in¬
sure them competence and home. Read the stories
we are printing from people who have struggled to
make a home on the land. They had no dress parade,
hut a fight. Possibly you think you are smarter, or
that in same way Nature will deal you better cards
in the game of country life. Our advice is to get over
that idea before you start. But do understand this:
These men who worked hard and won a home through
their labor have gained the noblest job that life can
offer. It came hard to conquer the land and make it
yield a living and more — but it was well worth while.
*
The New York State Legislature finally broke the
deadlock which had existed for three months and
elected Judge James A. O’Gorman as U. S. Senator
to succeed Chauncey M. Depew. The R. N.-Y. had
hoped that the leaders of the Democratic party would
go up State and select a farmer or strong business
man with farm interests for this position at this time.
We hoped that the party might seek the man for the
service rather than accept the man who sought the
place. The dream was altruistic, but it came half
true. Judge O'Gorman did not seek the position. It
came to him unsought, and while no man could de¬
cline such an honor, the acceptance in his case was
not without sacrifice.
The election of Judge O'Gorman has been received
with different emotions by the varying exponents of
party expression. Those who held up the hands of
the insurgents who caused the deadlock praised the
new Senator and called it a victory for the opposition
to Tammany Hall. Others called it a complete sur¬
render of the insurgents and the triumph of the
Tammany organization. The impartial analyst saw
in it a happy solution of a difficult situation. The
majority went into the party caucus with their modern
Cincinnatus, not from the plow, but from their own
membership, and not only preserved the principle of
majority rule, but the dignity and privilege of party
control. The insurgents defeated the first choice of
the majority and demonstrated the independence of
county representation. The State profited in the se¬
lection of an honest and able representative.
Judge O'Gorman has been on the Supreme bench
in the First Department for the past 11 years. Pre¬
vious to that he served for six years as judge of the
Municipal Court. Few men have enjoyed greater dis¬
tinction as a jurist among his associates, as a lawyer
among members of the bar, or as a man among his
neighbors and friends. His most conspicuous service
as a jurist was probably rendered in the hearing of
the franchise tax cases, which resulted in the collec¬
tion of some $40,000,000 of back taxes and a great
saving to the city and State. For ability Senator
O’Gorman will measure up well with his associates in
the U. S. Senate. As a man of integrity and high
ideals, he will have no superior. If he were a farmer
we could ask nothing more ; but he has already an¬
nounced his position in favor of parcels post, and we
hope to find him later on the right side of the agri¬
cultural interests. He goes to Washington with bright
prospects for the continuation of a useful and brilliant
career.
*
No doubt tlie “corn contests” have helped wake up
the interest in corn growing. Some of the reported
yields are so large that people may well ask what it
was that was measured, what is “corn” anyway? We
are through talking about milk, as if all specimens
were alike. We know that they run all the way from
less than two per cent to six per cent fat — the latter
being worth about three times as much as the former.
The same with “corn.” When we hear that some man
produced 150 bushels of corn on one acre it is time to
go after him just as they are chasing those $12 hens.
Dr. Jenkins, of the Connecticut Experiment Station,
has been doing this very thing. He found that the
plan was to weigh the husked ears in the Fall and
then figure that 70 pounds of ears would make a bushel
of shelled corn. It was found that some of this corn
contained over 20 per cent of water. Five samples
varied from 16 to 22.22 per cent. Anyone can see the
folly of comparing such specimens of corn as if they
were just alike, or of calling any of them dry corn.
In order to make these samples even 30 pounds of
ears were dried and shelled so that each sample con¬
tained 14 per cent of water and no more. They were
then alike as “corn,” and 56 pounds was taken as a
bushel. Now see what a difference this made. The
first column gives the yield as figured at a “corn con¬
test” while the other shows the actual corn.
70 lbs. ears
to bushel.
1 23.5
110.0
72.9
1 20.0
116.0
56 lbs. shelled
corn to bushel.
63
90
68
104
90
So that hereafter when a man comes forward with
a big corn record we would like to know how many
pounds of extra water there are in a bushel. We can
raise water with a pump — no use paying a cornstalk
to do it.
*
And now this celebrated Guernsey cow case is com¬
ing to a head. After repeated calls for Missy of the
Glen to “come back," Mr. Hammond, the lawyer who
secured that famous injunction for Mr. Taylor, comes
forward with a long statement. The first part of it is
found on page 506. We are very glad to give Mr.
Taylor a chance to state his case. What is the use,
however, of all these words when a few pailfuls of
milk right from the cow would settle the business for
good, provided the milk was as fat as it should be?
Granting that Missy cannot repeat the great record
which we print on page 504, let the public see how fat
her milk is right now. We venture to say that until
some more of that nine per cent milk is made, openly
and honestly, 95 per cent of our dairymen will refuse
to accept the Supreme Court injunction, and regard
that test with suspicion. Mr. Hammond’s statement
gives us opportunity to review the test and examine
that milk analysis. We shall come as near as we can,
without actually milking Missy, to learning whether it
is possible for a cow to give 1151.20 pounds of milk
testing 9.07 per cent fat in 30 days after milking 11
months ! That is what every cow man wants to know.
*
It will be generally admitted that we chase after the
fakes and frauds with a persistence which must often
seem tiresome to them. We find it necessary to do this
in order to give them their deserved punishment of
publicity. Yet why not advertise the good as well as
the evil in men? If publicity makes a stern punish¬
ment it may also be used as a fair reward. So we
make no excuse for printing this letter :
I was more tbau pleased with your kindly notice of my
dear old friend J. S. Woodward. I, too, owe him a big
debt of gratitude. When I was a poor boy just struggling
to get hold of the science of agriculture, that I somehow
had faith in, I read somewhere that J. S. Woodward had
become rich farming, and that idea of “a rich farmer”
stuck to me until, with a few hard-earned dollars, when
17 or 18 years old, I made a trip out to Lockport and in¬
troduced myself to Brother Woodward and went plumb
at him right off with this question : “1 hear you have be¬
come rich farming, Mr. Woodward, and I would like to
know how you did it.” In his kindly way he took me in
his buggy all about his farm, and showed me everything he
was doing and how he did it, which was finally boiled
down into this one bit of advice, which lie said he got from
his father in his early days: “Jabez, never sell a load of
clover, nor ever let one drive by your farm.” 1 am sure
that first and leading advice from Mr. Woodward has been
u large controlling fnetor in my farming operations. I
have maintained a close personal friendship with him from
that day to this and his kindly greeting of "John,” as he
always calls me, when everybody else says "Hale” or
“J. II.,” always gives me a mighty good feeling, and again
I thank you for the kind words you have for oue of the
original big agricultural men of America. J. h. hale.
Connecticut.
BREVITIES.
The sweet-tongued rogue is a sugar beat.
There are six experiment stations on the island of
Madagascar.
Raw potatoes at this season help the cows. Cook
them for hogs.
A German experiment in keeping seed potatoes is to
pack them in crushed coke.
No one seems to come forward and find fault with
Mrs. Houdan for claiming to be the “frost-proof lien.”
In Holland street refuse is to be ground and crushed
into bricks with tar and used as fuel for public heating.
If you cannot grow Alfalfa and the clover did not
catch, oats and peas will fill the hole up. Go and sow
a good-sized patch.
Every farm child should learn to know the lady-
beetle and recognize it as a friend. No gentleman will
destroy the lady-beetle. It kills thousands of plant lice.
Great Britain imported last year $50,598,105 worth
of fruits and nuts, of which $10,654,272 were for apples
and $11,035,105 for oranges. It might well be twice as
much for apples and still not enough to go around.
A dozen big ragweeds growing close to a young tree
may rob it of enough water to spoil its season's growth.
Full these weeds and pile them around the tree and
they hold moisture and give the tree a drink. You
might call this the difference between a sucker and a
succorer.
March 1 the New York Milk Exchange reduced the
price of milk to the producers, and immediately there¬
after a great “quick lunch” company in New York raised
the price of “hot rice with cream” (very thin cream,
loo), which is a favorite dish in such places, from 10
to 15 cents. Just where does the “ultimate consumer”
come in?
SOI
1911. THE KUKAE NEW-YORKER
20,000 Reasons
Why You Should Huy an E'M-F
TWENTY THOUSAND OF THEM
a composite, living, overwhelming argu¬
ment. Each reason — reason enough, con¬
vincing and satisfying, yet, were it possible
for you to investigate, question, prove each
separate reason, you would probably find
some new point of interest to rivet your at¬
tention and create in your mind a like desire
to own the car that could stir up such enthu¬
siasm and scatter broadcast such satisfaction.
IT IS EASY TO WRITE UPON PAPER
mere statements, to waste the public’s time
and abuse its patience by wearisome reitera¬
tion of platitudes that have been dished up
in rhetorical display over and over again,
talking the merits of this and that car, with
the same old jaded adjectives. But, in the
name of the great Automobile Industry, let
us get down to the tangible, living thing
that has the red blood of sincerity in it, the
personal, gripping interest that shines in the
eyes of men as they talk face to face about
the great thing they have put their hearts
and faith in.
REASONS CLOTHED IN FLESH AND
BLOOD. And there is no argument like
unto this argument — produce any man, no
matter what his birth or breeding, whether
he moves in high society or not, so long as
he be honest in his opinions, strong in his
convictions, has stood the test of experience
and found out that it is infinitely better to
“know” than to “believe that man has
a right to stand upon his feet and have his
say, and what’s more to the point, the
world will surely listen.
PROUDLY AND CONFIDENTLY we in¬
troduce you to twenty thousand such men.
In a moment, as it were, we can usher you
into the charmed circle of a great living
friendship that with twenty thousand
tongues will affirm one concrete absolute
fact, in twenty thousand different methods
and words of expression, each and every
one enthusiastically endorsing the same
truth — a unity of “reason why” such as
the commercial world has never before seen.
TWENTY THOUSAND E-M-F “30”
OWNERS. They are our reasons. Each
one a thinking, separate personality — each
one with likes and dislikes that differenti¬
ated him from all the others, for no two out
of that immense number approached the
question of “shall I buy” or “I will buy”
an E-M-F “30” from quite the same rea¬
soning point. One, had to weigh carefully
the question of first cost ; another, the “after
buying’' cost of upkeep. One, never con¬
sidered price, but was attracted by quality ;
another, having a bent toward mechanics,
saw quickly the perfect chassis. One, con¬
sidered the financial stability of the Com¬
pany behind the product ; another that same
Company’s good faith and so on — ad infin¬
itum.
BUT THEY ALL REACHED THE SAME
CONCLUSION. There was some unan¬
swerable argument presented, some fact of
mechanical supremacy that could not be de¬
nied, some record of enduring quality that
appealed, some enthusiastic owner that
“boosted,” which compelled each and every
one of these 20,000 men to buy an E-M-F
“30.” Through the maze of all other rival
cars for sale they found their way to the
one car that expressed to them in terms of
power, speed, reliability, comfort and serv¬
iceability the “ideal” each and every one
possessed. That in buying an E-M-F “30”
they proved their judgment to be correct,
is now a matter of record.
THESE MEN ARE REPRESENTATIVE
of all that is best and constructive in our
great commonwealth. E-M-F “30” owners
form a democracy of varied interests,
among them being Bankers who know
the value of money and its purchasing
power — Lawyers who are skilled in dis¬
covering the weak points in any argument —
Tradesmen who know how to buy for
profit — Farmers who, as a class, are the
most careful purchasers of automobiles —
Business men in the most populous cen¬
ters, who had every opportunity to draw
comparisons and weigh the merits of rival
cars — Doctors who demand the kind of car
that must be always ready — at a moment’s
notice — to go anywhere over any kind of a
road — every trade and profession — mil¬
lionaires and men who live upon modest
incomes are all represented in the great
army of E-M-F “30” owners.
BUT THERE IS ONE REASON why you
should buy an E-M-F “30” that is greater
and more convincing than any one of those
20,000 reasons that made men choose an
E-M-F “30” rather than any other car at
any other price. And this, what we call
“the unanswerable reason” has been
getting stronger and bigger every day, from
the time the first E-M-F “30” passed into
the hands of the first owner, until this very
moment; in fact, now, it is like some irre¬
sistible power, moving all over the land and
sweeping everything before it ; we call this
invincible “reason” by a simple name every¬
body knows.
“SATISFACTION.” That’s it. Each and
every man who owns an E-M-F “30”
is satisfied. They are all subscribers, as it
were, to the enthusiasm and interest about
that proved, enduring quality and record-
breaking price, which have made the E-M-
F “30” the most talked of automobile in
America, perhaps, in the world, because,
and we say this without fear of contradic¬
tion, there is no car made upon which so
many men absolutely agree. These 20,000
satisfied owners will tell you one story,
simple and convincing, that they own a car
they are proud to drive, to “boost,” to en¬
dorse, a car that not only backed their judg¬
ment, but above all, taught them the lesson
— that it isn’t necessary to decorate a check
book with a lot of fancy figures and rob a
bank balance to buy an automobile whose
quality is in the chassis, where it belongs.
THE HISTORY of this universal satisfaction
which, by the by, will sell another 20,000
E-M-F “30” cars this year, is the history of
the E-M-F Company, an organization that
revolutionized the automobile industry, not
alone in values, but in methods of manufac¬
ture ; that gave the buying public a car
which has literally defied competition and
sold itself. The E-M-F Company has al¬
ways been a year or two in advance of the
times. We make practically every part of
our car, cast our own cylinders, forge,
stamp and heat treat our own steel and
make our own bodies. Mr. Flanders’ fore¬
cast, published in March, 1908, that “we
can manufacture more automobiles of a
better quality at a lower cost than any other
concern now in existence,” was a prophecy
that has been magnificently fulfilled.
WHY? Why was Flanders’ prophecy fulfilled?
Ask any one of the twenty thousand owners
of an E-M-F “30.” He will show you his
car and say, “There is the reason.” So you
look at it, examine it, ride in it, listen to
the owner recounting its prowess, its mile-
“30”— $1,000
age, its speed, what it has done and the
magnificent way it has stood the “gaff.”
Because an E-M-F “30” is such a glutton
for service, it sort of lures a man on to give
it hard usage. Automobiles have their
particular kind of personalities. You get to
“know” a car. What may be expected of it
under certain conditions and an element of
pride and friendship is established. So when
Mr. Flanders’ determination “to make a
better quality car at a lower cost” than any
other concern made or sold, took shape in
an E-M-F “30,” then also was created
the “reason” of the enormous sales and
colossal growth of the E-M-F Co. The
car fulfilled the prophecy. That’s why
you can’t purchase a second-hand E-M-F
“30.” Men don’t sell “automobile satis¬
faction” when they “know” they own it.
WE WILL EXPLAIN IT FOR YOU.
There it stands ! A five-passenger touring
car, graceful in body lines, with that
“straight away look” which is a symbol of
strength and comfort. Not a fad or fur¬
below to cumber it with useless appendage.
Under the hood a 30-horsepower noiseless
motor that has won distinction upon race
track and road. A motor so perfectly ad¬
justed in power, weight and balance to the
rest of the chassis that it creates an abso¬
lute unit of mechanical efficiency. To the
expert engineer the chassis of an E-M-F
“30” suggests the limit of scientific con¬
struction : to every owner it has proved it
— proved it by enduring service, for no
E-M-F “30” has ever been worn out.
The ninth car built, shipped by us a little
over two years ago has travelled some 73,-
000 miles, which means nearly 15 years of
actual life crowded into the thirty months
of its existence, and it is mechanically ready
for 73,000 miles more. The life story of
“Bullet,” this famous car, can be had for
the asking. When you buy an E-M-F “30”
the confidence you put into your purchase is
returned to you a hundred-fold.
THE INVESTMENT OF $1,000 in an
E-M-F “30” will be the wisest expenditure
you ever made, whether you own an auto¬
mobile or not. The most you can get for
your money would be 6 to 8% interest.
But here is the car at the price any man
can afford. And to own a car is the ambi¬
tion of every man. The automobile is a
tremendous factor in our every-day life.
Aside from its utility there is the pleasure
it freely gives, the sense of freedom it im¬
parts. It brings the country to the city, and
makes every dwelling place a country home.
At a moment’s notice it is ready to whirl
you and your family upon the sunlit, open
road into the world of green fields — the
country’s life-giving “out of doors.” It
means health to the wife and children,
and binds the family in closer ties. It is a
tonic, nerve builder, it trebles the value of
time ; it means recreation, the banishment
of the doctor and capacity for the duties of
the day — in short, it is a necessity. An
E-M-F “30” will meet this necessity and
excel any expectation you may now possess
in the purchase of a car.
THE OTHER DAY we read an advertisement
that “you can buy a real automobile now for
as low a proce as $1500.” We can take $500
off that price and say the same thing, for
you can buy an E-M-F “30” five-passenger
Touring Car, standard equipment, which
means Magneto included, for $1,000 and
that’s the “realest” automobile value you
can buy anywhere.
the Purchase of Every E-M-F “30”
The Strongest Guarantee Ever Placed on an Automobile Is Given With
The E-M-F “30” Five Passenger Standard Touring Car $1,000. Roadster “30” $1,000. Detachable Demi-Tonneau
“30” $1050. Coupe “30” $1450. Another E.M-F “30” Masterpiece. The New Fore-Door Five-Passenger
Touring Car with Full Vestibuled Body $1100. Write us for detailed specifications — Booklet No. 18.
THE E-M-F COMPANY, Automobile Manufacturers, DETROIT, MICH
6012
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER
April 15,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
TO DAFFODILS.
Fair daffodils ! we weep to see
You haste away so soon ;
As yet the early-rising sun
Has not attained his noon :
Stay, stay
Until the hastening day
Has run
But to the even-song ;
And having prayed together, we
Will go with you along.
We have short time to stay as you,
We have as short a Spring ;
As quick a growth to meet decay,
As you, or anything :
We die
As your hours do ; and dry
Away
Like to the Summer’s rain,
Or as the pearls of morning dew,
Ne’er to be found again.
— Robert Herrick (1591- )
*
Miss Rose Bird has just been elected
State superintendent of schools in
Wyoming. She has been a county school
superintendent, is a graduate of the
State University and is also a successful
farmer.
*
Two city women who were spending
the Summer at a mountain cottage pur¬
chased some of their supplies at the
little country store, says “Good House¬
keeping.” Returning from a long tramp
across country one day, the vacationists
were seized with a longing for something
more than their regular simple fare.
“Let’s get some cheese and some
crackers and have the stickiest, most in¬
digestible Welsh rabbit we can make!”
cried one.
but blue, green qnd red are certainly
the favorites. There are a great many
blue and green combinations, and these
are especially seen in the heavy straw
braids used for made hats. Green and
lobster, green and blue and green and
amethyst are favorite mixtures, also
bronze and red, or bronze and green.
While we see large hats, for general
wear, the close high-crowned toques,
especially the helmet shapes, are lead¬
ing favorites. A very pretty model was
a small toque of black and white mixed
straw, with a large close bow of bright
cerise velvet at the back, held in place
by a straw buckle. The black and white
straw is also very stylish with trimming
of bright emerald green. A foulard or
voile of black and white, piped with
cerise, coral, emerald or maize, and a
black and white hat trimmed to match
would make a very attractive Summer
costume.
*
The U. S. Department of Agriculture
has issued Farmers’ Bulletin No. 431,
“The Peanut,” very interesting in its
discussion of this plant, which, as the
New York Sun remarks, wears its small
yellow flowers in its little pocket. In
190S the peanut crop of the United
States amounted to $12,000,000, and we
are sure that apart from its commercial
value, it gave at least $12,000,000 worth
of pleasure to the children of this coun¬
try, to say nothing of their elders. This
bulletin gives the following advice about
peanut butter :
By a little experience and the aid of a
small meat grinder, anyone can make good
peanut butter for home use. The peanuts
may be roasted before or after shelling,
but in either case the oven should be only
moderately hot and the peas should be
stirred frequently. After roasting, rub off
The other agreed to this ; so they . . _ _ _
halted at the little store and roused the r,r' hearts, ‘‘'in grind”ngUusehthe&Ifln1estSep1late
proprietor from his nap on a bench at ^tifthe^mnk win be' ‘quite' ‘hard0 £ tuS
the door. They followed his lumbering If the pulp is too coarse after one grinding
footsteps into the building and told him Win not be necessary to add anything but
that they wished a pound of cheese and thmn^’by'th^addilloS
some large square crackers for a Welsh of a little olive or peanut oil.
rabbit.
The old man tapped his wrinkled brow
reflectively.
“Got the cheese all right,” he said,
“but liain’t got no large square crackers.
Won’t yer rabbit eat the small ones?”
*
Old English silver is now one of the
artistic luxuries for which wealthy col¬
lectors pay most extravagant prices, the
rarity or beauty of workmanship en¬
hancing the value far above the bullion
cost of modern manufacture. At a re¬
cent auction in London a Commonwealth
cup, 11^4 inches high, bearing the Lon¬
don hall mark 1655, brought $20,500. The
cup is engraved with the arms of the
Blacksmith’s Company, and is known as 'vorn everyone is interested in con-
The Blacksmith’s Cup. Tt bears the in- venienee of arranging them. Unfortu-
scription “The gift of Christopher Pym, lately there is no way in which one
upon his Admission to the place of !na.y an attached guimpe so that
n „ -r, . • it is really easv to remove and then put
Clarke of this Company. 1 he stem is 1)ack in ^ waist in a ])urry. The bPes,
a figure of Vulcan holding a hammer plan of all is a smooth underwaist of
that rests on an anvil on which is en- . fine lawn to which the net or lace
graved “By Hammer and Hand. All Arts sleeves and yoke are attached. This is
The bulletin also says that a very de¬
sirable kind of peanut candy can be
made by simply boiling shelled peanuts
with a thick syrup consisting of two
pounds of granulated sugar and one
large cupful of water, together with a
teaspoonful of lemon juice. When the
syrup begins to boil add two pounds of
unroasted shelled peas and cook slowly
until the peas are tender and the syrup
sufficiently hard to break when quite
cold. The cooking process should, as a
rule, continue for about an hour, when
the mixture should be poured on a cold
buttered platter to cool.
*
Guimpes and chemisettes are so much
doe Stand.” A Charles I steeple cup, 17
inches high, went for $12,750; a James
I steeple cup and cover, with the Lon¬
don hall mark 1610, brought $8,750. The
last two are entirely gilt. A Common¬
wealth porringer, dated 1653, 2J4 inches
high and 4 14 inches in diameter, was
sold at the rate of $390 an ounce ; a
inches in diameter, $107.50 an ounce; a
Charles I circular sweetmeat dish 6J4
especially desirable with the present
mandarin or kimono waist, which must
have the air of fitting loosely, even
when it is snug, and if undersleeves are
attached to it, they rarely fit well. The
separate guimpe can be laundered with
freedom, whereas when attached to the
bodice there is always the risk that it
will shrink when removed for washing,
and refuse to go in smoothly afterwards.
Sometimes a separate guimpe is fastened
in with ball and socket snaps. At pres-
I
T t i I, ,, ent there is a fancy for plain net with-
James I bell salt-cellar, gilt, -UCLaO an out tucking for guimpes, preferably the
ounce, and a Charles I chalice and paten, square-meshed filet net, or for filet lace,
1638, brought the same price. Silver and which is expensive in real lace, but pretty
silver plate is now such a common pos- jul<^ niocle!.'ale Pr‘ced in imitations. Filet
. , , , laces and insertions are very fashionable
session, even among people of moderate as trimming for lingerie gowns. Some
means, that it is interesting to note the of the handsomest are made of cotton
value of the artistic handicraft of older marquisette, which costs about 80 cents
times, when the factory-made article was a J,ai<^’ 4- inches wide; this is also
, used, for lingerie waists. Some very
unknown. fashionable white lingerie gowns have
a four-inch hem of black, either satin
Both hats and their trimmings this or transparent voile or marquisette, at
Spring show some astonishingly vivid the f°°t of the skirt; one noted was
colors, coral, lobster, shrimp, cerise and ot , .w^e J]ia'51u’s^tte’ embroidered
..... , and inset with filet lace, with hem of
other vivid pinks and reds, king s blue, black marquisette, over a pale pink silk
emerald green and a variety of purples, slip.
Doughnuts and Crullers.
Doughnuts as made by our grand¬
mothers consisted in adding sugar, but¬
ter, eggs and flavoring to bread dough
already light for moulding into loaves,
and then let rise as usual, as one large
loaf ; turn on the moulding board and
slice with a wet knife, cut into pieces
and drop into hot lard. Some direc¬
tions allow the light dough to be mould¬
ed just enough to spread it out and cut
into cakes, then let the cakes rise for
half an hour; but cutting with the wet
knife avoids filling the kitchen table with
cakes while rising. The following pro¬
portion of light dough to sugar, etc.,
might please some: To three pints of
light bread dough add one cup of white
sugar, one half cup soft butter, two beaten
eggs and eight gratings of nutmeg, using
a table fork, then mould as bread, using
flour until the dough is elastic, and let
rise.
But why bother with bread dough,
which never has and never will taste as
good as the latter-day crullers, yet later
called fried cakes? The recipes given in
response to an inquiry on page 326 are
undoubtedly good, but somewhat dif¬
ferent from those in general use. The
following have always given good re¬
sults, the potatoes being an up-to-date
addition, and while an improvement are
not necessary when not convenient : Beat
together a teacupful of hot finely mashed
potatoes, two level tablespoon fuls of blit¬
ter, two level teaspoonfuls of salt, six
gratings of nutmeg, two small eggs, and
one-half cup of sweet milk, after beat¬
ing the eggs in to make a light smooth
batter. With the flour scoop take up a
little flour, add four level teaspoonfuls
of baking powder, turn into the flour-
sifter while holding it over the batter,
sift and mix thoroughly, add flour to
roll one-half inch! thick, cut with a
medium cookie cutter with a hole in the
middle, or work jn a hole, or make finger
rolls and rings, or twists, and fry.
In frying in deep fat, lard or olive
oil, use a shallow kettle, and when the
fat becomes still, after boiling, and a
fine blue haze begins to arise, drop five
cakes in — more will cool the fat too
much — rock the kettle until a crust is
formed so they will not stick together.
When browned on one side turn over,
and when done lay on brown paper to
cool, using a kitchen fork. Fried cakes
need constant attention, and the fat must
never show the blue haze with cakes
in the kettle, or smoke, that means too
hot fat. Always try a tester, a little
walnut of dough, and if it flats out, is
coarse grained and greasy, add flour un¬
til this condition is overcome. The pres¬
ent writer once turned such dough that
could not be remedied into a very good
batch of cookies. A tester of cookie
dough that proves a failure in rising up
hard, might be just right for fried cakes.
But accidents seldom happen with well-
tried recipes for fried cakes, or call them
crullers, if you please.
MF.PORA CORBETT.
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Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT— proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.”
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INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
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0. W. ingersoll, 246 Plymouth St.. Brooklyn, N.Y.
Reg. U. 8. Pat. Off.
A good oil lamp
needs a good chim¬
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needs it more.
Both need a
Macbeth “Pearl
Glass ’ ’ lamp-chim¬
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My lamp-chim¬
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even draft on both sides of the
flame — make the most of the
light. I make a chimney to fit
every style and size of lamp and
burner.
Send for my free Index and find out what chim¬
ney to get for your lamp.
Macbeth
Macbcth-Evans Glass Co. Pittsburgh
Chicago: Philadelphia:
178 East Lake Street 42 South Eighth Street
New York: 19 West 30th Street
Electric Lights make the brightest, safest,
cleanest and most reliable lighting system
known for farms and country homes. - The
Dayton Electric Lighting Outfits are low in
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DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO.
231 St. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
kuqs.CarpetsXurlains.'BlanKets
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Write to-day for our NEW
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UNITED MILLS MFB. CO.
2451-2462 JASPER ST.. PHILS.
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No complicated mechanism —
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Also, HAND PRESSES,
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Write to-day for free catalogue.
THE •>. J. EMENV CO., FULTON, N. Y.
CIDER PRESSES
The Original Mt. Gilead Hydraulic Press
produces more cider from less
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THE HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. CO.J
137 Lincoln Ave., Mt. Gilead, Ohio, * _
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SOLD ON TRIAL
Syracuse “ EASY ” Vacuum Washer cleans completely a tubful of clothes, coarse
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IN EACH TOWN
and district to
ride and ex.
Our agentsevery*
to
WAHTED-RIDER AGEHTS
hibit a sample 1911 Model “Ranker” bicycle furnished by us. O _ 0 _
W A ^ T^ea{ once for full particulars and special offer.
.NO iilUNLY REQUIRED until you receive andapprove of your bicycle. We ship
anyone, anywhere in the U.S.TOrVAoTrr a cent deposit in advance, prepay freight, and
allow TEN DAYS FREE TRIAL during which time you may ride the bicycleand put
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bicycle you may ship it back to us at our expense and you will not be out o>ie cent.
I QW FACTORY PRIPFQ we furnish the highest grade bicycles It Is possible to make
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SECOND HAND BICYCLES — a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores will
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_ TIRCC nnACTFD DDR V E rear wheels, Inner tubes, lamps, cyclometers, parts. repair*
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interesting matter and useful information. It only costs a postal to get everything. Write it now. ~
MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept. A 80, CHICAGO, ILL.
1911.
More About Fudge.
Will you give me some good recipes for
making chocolate fudge ?
A NEW JERSEY WOMAN.
A recipe for chocolate fudge was
given on page 245, issue of February
25. Some more fudge recipes follow :
College Fudge. — Four ounces of choc¬
olate, lump of butter size of an egg,
t\£o heaping cupfuls of granulated
sugar, three-quarters cup of sweet milk;
mix and boil ten minutes. Take from
fire and stir until it begins to harden.
Add vanilla and chopped nuts. Turn
into buttered tins and cool.
“Veribest” Chocolate Fudge. — To
three cupfuls of coffee sugar add a half-
pound of grated chocolate (best quality
and unsweetened). Stir until thoroughly
mixed, then wet with a half cupful of
sweet cream ; beat to a smooth paste,
adding as you go on two tablespoonfuls
of warmed butter. This done, put the
mixture into a porcelain-lined kettle,
and set it where it will melt very slow¬
ly. It should not reach the boil under
two hours. At the end of that time in¬
crease the heat and boil fast for ten
minutes, or until a teaspoonful “balls”
if you manipulate it. Stir into the candy
two tablespoonfuls of vanilla, and pour
into buttered pans with straight sides.
While still rather soft mark into
squares.
New Fudge. — One and one-half
pounds of granulated sugar, one-fourth
pound of butter, one-fourth pound of
chocolate, one large tumbler of milk,
one tablespoonful of vanilla. Boil the
sugar and milk together for ten minutes,
then put in the chocolate broken in bits,
boil seven minutes, add the vanilla, boil
three minutes. Have the butter creamed.
When the candy forms a soft ball in
cold water draw the pan aside, whip in
the creamed butter, beat hard for a few
minutes, until the whole grows thick;
pour quickly into a well-buttered pan.
Do not add scrapings to the fudge in
the pan.
Maple Fudge. — Crush a pound of ma¬
ple sugar fine with a rolling pin. Pour
upon it a pint of hot milk, into which
you have put a pinch of baking soda.
Let the sugar melt slowly over the fire,
and then bring to a fast boil. When
the sirup threads from the tip of a
spoon stir in a tablespoonful of butter.
When it reaches the boil again pour
into buttered pans and cut into squares
as it hardens.
Nut Fudge. — Two cups of sugar, one
of milk, and a feood tablespoonful of
butter, put in a double boiler and al¬
lowed to boil for five minutes, then take
off the fire and beat until the top begins
to glaze ever so slightly. Into the
mixture pour a cupful of finely chopped
nuts and half a teaspoonful of vanilla;
stir again quickly and turn out to cool.
Chocolate fudge poured over a thick
layer of chopped marshmallow is great¬
ly liked, and makes a pleasant change.
Ferns from the Woods.
Some of our wild ferns are well worth
growing in pots. If allowed their modest
demands as to water, a clump of maiden¬
hair or any other delicate wayside ferns
will thrive for several seasons in the
rather cramped quarters of a six-inch
crock. In a north window between
muslin curtains it will make a bit of
delicious green all Summer. Do not keep
drenched, nor yet allow it to become
dried out, though its natural sturdiness
may enable it to thrive without over¬
much petting. When new fronds no
longer push up and the old become rusty,
set the crock in a corner out of doors
and winter in a cool cellar. In, Spring
it will be ready to put on fresh beauty.
Setting the crock into a jardiniere helps
to keep the roots cool and damp, and is
far better than planting directly in the
glazed receptacle. Being undrained, this
is wholly unfit for plant roots, but when
kept free from stagnant water, the jardi¬
niere is always a boon to the house¬
keeper as well as to plants of all sorts,
preventing too rapid evaporation and so
lessening the damage done when — as will
sometimes happen — water is forgotten.
AUGUSTA ROSE.
Chopped Horseradish. — Instead of
grating horseradish cut in long strips
and run through your food chopper. The
work can be done in one-fifth the time,
and. the torture of smarting eyes is
avoided. mrs. j. c. c.
Pennsylvania.
THE RURAL NKW-YOKKER
603
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns alivays give
number of pattern and measurements de¬
sired.
The first group includes 6957, tucked
blouse or shirtwaist, 34 to 42 bust, 3fa
yards of material 27 inches wide, 2fa
yards 36 or lfa yards 44 with fa yard
18 inches wide for the chemisette for
medium size. 6894, one-piece blouse for
misses and small women, 14, 16 and 18
years. llfa yards of material 27 inches
wide, lfa yard 36 or 44, with faz yard 27
inches wide for collar and sleeve, for 16
year size. 6941, corset cover with
straight upper edge, designed for lace and
embroidery, 34 to 44 bust, lfa yards of
embroidery 15 inches wide, with faz yard
36 inches wide for peplurn, or lfa yards
of plain material 36 inches wide, fa yard
of beading for medium size. 6874, boys’
box plaited dress, 1, 2 and 4 years, Afa
yards of material 27 inches wide, 2fa
yards 36, 2fa yards 44 for 2 year size.
6896, five-gored skirt for misses and
small women, 14, 16 and 18 years, 3fa
yards of material 27 inches wide, 2fa
yards 36, lfa yards 44 with Vfa yards 20
inches wide, fa yard 27 inches wide to
make as illustrated, 5fa yards 27, 4 yards
36, 3 yards 44 to make without band, for
16 year size; price of each 10 cents.
The second group shows 6849, tucked
blouse or shirtwaist, 34 to 42 bust, 3fa
yards of material 24 or 27 inches wide,
2fa yards 36, 2 yards 44, for medium
size. 6851, girls’ dress, with round or
high neck, short or long sleeves, 4 yards
of material 24 or 27 inches wide, 4 yards
36, 3 yards 44, with fa yard of silk for
collar and cuffs, fa yard 18 inches wide
for trimmings, for 10 years. 6826, double-
breasted coat, 34 to 44, 7 yards of ma¬
terial 27 inches wide, Afa yards 44 or 52
inches wide, for medium size. 6829,
childs’ plaited dress, with standing or
rolled-over collar, with or without belt,
3fa yard of material 2 or 27 inches wide,
2 fa yards 36 or 44, with fa yard 27 inches
for belt and trimming, for 4 year size;
sizes, 2, 4 and G years. 6848, eleven-
gored skirt, 22 to 32 waist, with inverted
plaits or habit back, 9fa yards of ma¬
terial 21, 24 or 36 inches wide, 4fa yards
44 when material has figure nor nap, 5
yards of 36 when material has neither
figure nor nap, width of skirt at lower
edge 3fa yards for medium size; price
of each 10 cents.
The
Paint That
Stands The Weather
The trouble with most paint is that while it
looks all right when first put on, it has no lasting
quality. But Moore’s Paints are made of the purest
ingredients according to a formula especially invented
to insure durability.
Moore’s
Mouse Colors
Moore’s Paints are sold in sealed cans, ready
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Your dealer probably has them. If not, write to us,
and we will give you the name of adealer who has,
MOORE’S Paints end Varnishes
For Every Purpose
TVf Muresco is a wall fiftish now
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Absolutely safe. Makes and burns Its own
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401 E. 5th St., Canton, O.
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It strikes! Home and hopes gone! When
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BE WISE IN TIME. PROTECT YOUR
HOME AND LOVED ONES WITH
THE DODD SYSTEM
of Lightning Control
The only real system. Prof. West Dodd perfected
it ami demonstrated its efficiency to the world. Fire
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PURE SOFT COPPER CABLE RODS
SCIENTIFIC INSTALLATION
Get the standard system t hat has universal endorse¬
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Our Ureat Lightning Book is FREE. TV rite for it
now— first of all. It explains everything and will
keep you from being taken in by lightning rod
“sharks." Big book, vivid lightning scenes. Address
DODD & STRUTHERS.437 6th Ave.,Des Moines.Ia.
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them are without
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of them speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
stating what you will pay, whether the work is
permanent, anil whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion,; whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. & I. A. S., 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
It takes
a wax
thread.
I ceils
FOR MENDING HARNESS
shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, car¬
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Stkwabt’ a Automatic
f rom spool and Awl is the on I y per-
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any harness maker NKgL f. y. r Awl,
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Agents wanted. Seat propaid mjAXimK - / "£
for $1.25. Send at once for f®
catalog. STEW ART-SKINNER CO. AW
35 Hermon Street. Worcester. Mass. \ — sfly
PATENTS START FACTORIES
^PATENT SECURED OR
FEE RETURNED
St art right,. Free Book— How to obtain, flnance
52 and promote patents. Send sketch, free search.
FARNHAM & SUES. Pat. Atlys., Ad. 36, Washington, D.C.
Dr\MC now TO MAKE THEM PAY.
K ft \ The pleasures, the work and the
^ profits of bee keeping are fully covered
in “Gleanings in lice Culture.” Mix months’ trial sub¬
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catalog — both free.
THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Box 65, MEDINA, OHIO
MARKET GARDENERS' PAPER
Weekly Market Growers’ Journal — only- paper printed
especially for vegetable growers. $1.00 a year, 52 is¬
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wo will send it ten weeks with our popular booklet,
“$25,000 a Year From Twelve Acres.” Send for free
sample copies — it is tho best way to judge.
Market Growers' Journal, 541 Walker Bldg., Louisville, Ky.
MANATEE- FLORIDA
America’s Fruit and Garden Market
offers you an opportunity to become indepen¬
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year round. Instructive booklet free.
J. W. WHITE, Gen’l Ind. Agt.,
Seaboard Air Line Ry.
Dept A Norfolk, Va.
The Farmer’s Son’s
Great Opportunity
Why wait for tho old farm to become your in¬
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your future prosperity and inde¬
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awaits you In Manitoba, Saskatch¬
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Now’s the Time
— not a year from now, when land
will be higher. Tho profits secured
from tho abundant crops of
Wheat, Oats and Barley, aa
well as cattle raising, are causing a steady ad¬
vance in price. Government returns show
that the number of settlers In West¬
ern Canada from the U. S. was GO
per cent larger in 1910 than the
previous year.
Many farmers have paid forthelr
land out of the proceeds of one crop.
Free Homesteads of 160 acres and
pre-emptions of 1 GO acres at $3.00
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schools, excellent railway facilities,
low freight rates; wood, water and
lumber easily obtained.
For pamphlet "Last Best West,” particular,
as to locations and low settlers' rate, apply to
Sup’tlmmig., Ottawa. Can., or to Can. Gov. Agt.
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse. N . Y.
(55)
dr | r* PER ACRE and up; easy payments. Productive soil, mild climate,
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1 Norfolk & Western Railway, Box 2047, Roanoke, Va.
.jRmoATioNYEARLY RAINFALL 45 INCHES!!
604
THE R UR. A. Is NEW-YORKEK
April 15,
Live Stock and Dairy
THAT CELEBRATED GUERNSEY CASE,
Did Missy Give Nine per Cent Milk ?
No. I.
Our readers are somewhat familiar
with the case of the Guernsey cow.
Missy of the Glen. Mr. Hammond, the
lawyer for Mr. Taylor, owner of Missy,
begins on page 506 an argument for his
side of the case. The whole thing rests
upon reports first of the record which
it is claimed Missy made, and of a spe¬
cial committee appointed by tbe Guern¬
sey Cattle Club to investigate this rec¬
ord. The report of this committee is a
long one, printed in the annual volume
of the club. We intend to analyze it, for
this contest has developed into one of
the most important questions that has
come up in the history of cattle testing.
First, we give the record which Mr.
Taylor and Mr. Hammond claim for this
cow :
Butter
Butter
Milk,
fat,
fat,
Month.
lbs.
per cent.
lbs.
Nov.,
1908 .
1,067.46
4.73
50.49
Dec.,
1908 .
1,159.9
4.68
53.86
Jan.,
1909 .
1,190.4
5.11
61.14
Feb.,
1909 .
1,089.20
6.17
67.20
Mar.,
1 909 .
1,164.10
5.24
61.00
Apr.,
1909 .
1.177.5
0.90
81.25
May,
1 909 .
1,331.4
5.75
76.56
June,
1 909 .
1 ,326.6
6.30
83.58
July,
1909 .
1,372.70
7.15
98.15
Aug.,
1909 .
1,371.7
6.50
89.16
Sept.,
1909 .
1,226.7
7.21
88.45
Oct.,
1909 .
1,151.20
9.07
104.41
Nov.,
1909 .
1,033.3
8.71
90.00
Bred
in May, 1909.
Any
man who
has ever
milked
a cow
will consider it remarkable that Missy
should give more milk in October, nearly
six months after being bred, than she
did in December, 10 months before, and
with this great How of milk actually
produce over nine per cent of fat. We
think all will admit that Guernsey breed¬
ers were justified in questioning this
' record. The special committee was ap¬
pointed to investigate and see whether
this high testing milk was genuine and
fair.
Samples of Missy’s milk were tested
on November 26 to 30, 1909, by repre¬
sentatives of the Massachusetts and the
New Hampshire stations. Those tests
were continued until November 30 by a
Rhode Island inspector. The first two
experts found 4.8857 per cent fat. The
cow was then suffering from foot rot,
but both she and her test companion
“were eating their grain and giving very
close to their normal flow of milk.” You
will see how much lower this test is to
the 8.71 per cent claimed for all the
cow’s milk in November. A sample of
the milk claimed to have been produced
by this cow on December 1 was sent to
the Massachusetts Station for analysis.
It was found to contain :
Fat . 8.98 per cent
Solids, not tat . 8.83 per cent
Protein . 3.44 per pent
Ash . 69 per cent
This milk was so abnormal in its com¬
position that Prof. Smith said when re¬
porting this test :
If they continue to get high tests at this
farm it might be well to adopt the Ilolstein
Friesian plan of keeping a cow under con¬
stant supervision for 24 hours, and it might
be well to search the milker before he milks
the cow.
Now the whole point of this contro¬
versy is — was that sample of milk just
what the cow gave or was it tampered
with in some way? That was what this
special committee started to find out.
Leading dairy chemists and authorities
were consulted, and the report states
that this analysis “suggested to many of
them that cream had been added to the
milk.” Only two of these opinions are
quoted in the committee’s report. Copies
of the replies that were made by these
experts have been received. ITere is the
exact version of one of them beside that
published by the committee :
Prof. F. W. Wo 11 of the University of
Wisconsin :
“If the specific gravity of the sample has
been determined, we would be in much bet¬
ter shape to pass an opinion on whether or
not this milk could be considered normal,
but from the composition given, it seems
certain to me that the milk must have been
adulterated with cream, provided , of course,
that the analysis was made correctly, which
[ take it was the ease, since it was made
by an official of an experiment station.'’
Quotation by Committee :
“If the specific gravity of the sample had
been determined we should be in much bet¬
ter shape to pass an opinion on whether or
not this milk could be considered normal,
but from the composition given it see?ns
certain to me that the milk must hare been
adulterated, which I take it was not. the
case, since it was made by an official of an
experiment station.”
Then Prof. Woll adds:
“Without knowing anything about the
conditions under which this test was con- l
ducted, or about the men responsible for the
testing of the cow. I must say that it looks
evident to me that there is something wrong
and that you will be justified in throwing I
out the test. It is very unfortunate if in
a case of this kind all possible steps were
not taken to verify the results of the tests
by keeping watch of the cow throughout
the monthly test, and by having h.er re¬
tested by another set of officials. This may,
of course, have been done for all I know,
, but you do not give any information in your
letter that would lead one to suppose that
such extra precautions were taken in this
case.
We cannot understand why this com¬
mittee should misquote Prof. Woll and
make him say such an idiotic thing as
this sentence credits to him. And why
should they leave out the last part of
Prof. Woll’s letter which is a clear
opinion from one of the highest dairy
authorities in the world that the milk
is suspicious and reflects suspicion upon
the test? We should all go after the
truth of this matter, and not try to take
any petty or technical advantage.
If there is any man in the world who
should know what normal milk is Dr. S.
M. Babcock, of Wisconsin, is the man.
His opinion regarding this remarkable
fluid is as follows:
The analyses of milk, which you sub¬
mitted, are outside of any analysis which
I have seen, especially where the- yield of
milk has been as high as in this case. The
analysis submitted is somewhat abnormal,
in that protein content is not as high as
would be expected from the high per cent
of fat. The same is true regarding the ash
content. Usually where such high per cents
of fat are found both the protein and ash
are higher than is given in this analysis.
The differences are exactly such as would
be found if cream had been added to the
milk, and unless the supervision of this
test was beyond question, 1 should suspect
that cream had been added in this case.
Prof. J. L. Hills, of Vermont, another
high authority, said among other things:
If I were shown an analysis of this char¬
acter, quite apart from any explanation, and
asked what it seemed to me to be, I should
say it seemed to me like an analysis of
milk carrying an undue amount of cream,
cither an incorrect sample or a sample to
which had been added some, extraneous
cream. The most I can say about this case
is that if it is correct, it is the most extra¬
ordinary case I have ever met. It seems to
me that it behooves the club to be extreme¬
ly careful and to be extremely certain of
the facts before they put them out.
Next week we shall go on and give
other testimony from prominent authori¬
ties, and then take up other features of
this report. _
For Every Living Thing on the Farm
Humphrej’s’ Veterinary Manual gives
more valuable information on diseases,
treatment and care of farm animals —
Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Dogs, Flogs and
Poultry — by the use of Humphreys’ Vet¬
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at any price — and it is yours if you are
a stock owner, for the asking. Write to¬
day. Humphreys’ Homeo. Medicine Co.,
77 Ann St., New York. — Adv.
The Sterilac
Milk
Pail
It Keeps
Milk
Sweet
The only pail that keeps
dirt out of the milk at milking time. Test
it and prove it.
10 Days Free Trial
to prove to you that it’s the best thing in the milk
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Not a particle of dust, hair or filth can get into the
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all dairymen, doctors and pure milk officers. M ade
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he hasn’t it we will send trial pail prepaid. See how
it will build up your reputation for pure milk.
STERILAC COMPANY, 5 Merchants Raw, Boston, Mass.
Who Told You,
P Who said you can’t in.
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11th STREET. CORTLAND. N. Y.
01bs-9Tfoirfhs
Jersey Reds fatten easily & quickly.
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Beyond question, the most
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sheepman can have in his fight
against sheep scab, foot rot and
sheep ticks is
Dr. HESS DIP
and Disinfectant
This meets the Government standard for
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gallons of solution. To use it is to have
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DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio
SCAB— Cured
CHOLERA— Prevented
BY THE USE OF
MINOR’S FLUID
SHEEP AND HOG
DIP
Kills ticks, lice, etc.
Cures mange, scurvy
The W. E. Minor Disinfectant Co,
1518 Columbus Rd. Cleveland, O.
ohseis
ERCHERON
STALLIONS and MARES
Imported and home-bred. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 30 years an importer and breeder of prize winners.
E I. W O O D S . AKIN
170 South Street, Auburn, N. V.
TIIE PERCII E RON SOCIETY OF
AMERICA
Has 338 new members since December 1st, 1910,
exclusive of the 137 new members added by
taking over the Pereheron Registry Company,
Columbus, Ohio. More than 3500 stockholders
March 15th, 1911. The only recognized Pereheron
record. Good pure bred mAres will do your farm
work and raise more valuable colts than grade
mares. For information address W A Y N E
DINS MORE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards,
Chicago, Ill.
Highland View Stock Farm.
Thirty-five purebred registered Pereheron Stallions
and Mares for sale. Stallions from #300 up, mares
from $400 up. Address all correspondence to
O. N. WILSON, Kittanning, Pa.
Ofl Pereheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
OU at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
O G S
pm I If DM DO— From imported stock. Females
uULLIL rUlOcheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
DUROC PIGS, $8. White Duff Rocks and Leghorn
eggs, $3. Serene Wicks, DeGraff, Ohio.
rfiD 0 A I p— IMPROVED ENGLISH YORKSHIRE SWINE.
lUn OnLL Young bred sows and young boars
ready for service, also young pigs. Address
C. H. FARNHAM, Brocton, New York.
LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS
Am now booking orders for 0 week old Pigs, Regis¬
tered, at $15. 00 per pair. If you are looking for the
genuine Bacon Hog, try a pair this spring. Address
HILLHUBST FARM, Orchard Park, N. Y.
CHELDON FARM registered Duroes. Pigs of both sex.
0 Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BAKNKS, Oxford, N. Y.
DAIRY CATTLE
Jersey Bulls For Spring Service
From Son of “The Imported Jap.” Dams are
Flying Fox, Financial King, Stoke Pogis, and
Combination Blood. Also Fertile Eggs from
Young’s S. C. W. Leghorns, Wrights W. Wyan-
dottes, and Tuttle’s R. and S. O. R. I. Reds, $1.00
per 15, $5.00 per 100. Satisfaction guaranteed.
SHKLDONCROFT, Silver Lake, Pa.
Chas. B. Dayton, Supt.
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern’s Jubi¬
lee still heads the herd. What do you want?
Will also sell full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. Y.
Breed Up— Not DownToT,o.“"'i*SS’,S
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. R. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Plirplra Qtnplf Farm- Registered Jersey Bulls
LUIcna OlUbn rallll and Heifers, 0 monthsto 2
years old. Chester White, Poland China and
Berkshire Pigs. Scotch Collie Pups and a variety
Of poultry. Send two-cent stamp for circular.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Pa.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASS’N OF AMERICA
F.L. HOUGHTON. SEC’ Y. BOX 1 05. BRATTLEBORO.VT.
Maple Hurst Stock Farms, Guilford, Comm offer the fob
i- . — - lowing Gilt Edge Stock for
sale. One magnificent Yearling Guernsey Bull (reg¬
istered); one full blooded Jersey Bull (registered).
Dams of both extra heavy producers. Jersey
Sire, Hood Farm Pogis; Guernsey sire. Fantim’s
Zac Taylor (imported). One registered Berkshire
Boar 5 mos. old, perfect form and breeding cannot
be beat. One Chester White Boar 9 mos. old, pure
bred, quick and sure, an exceptional animal, price
right. 12 Single and Double Comb R. I. Red Cock¬
erels $3.00 each (Tuttle Strain). Bred for utility as
well as beauty. Full blooded Imporial Pekin Duck
Eggs for hatching $1.00 per 13— $0.00 per hundred.
Full blooded S. and D. C. R. I. Red Eggs for hatch¬
ing. Guaranteed 100$ fertility from our Utility Pens.
$1.00 per 16 — $4.00 per hundred. The above stock is
guaranteed to be pure bred and the price is right.
HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
ALLAMUCHY FARM HOLSTEINS
We offer well bred bull calves out of A. R. O.
dams at reasonable prices. Send for list before
placing your order. ALLAMUCHY, N. J.
Robinson’s HOLSTEINS aie Pioducers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON, Edmeston, N. Y.
To Avoid Inbreeding:, We Will Sell Our
HERD BULL
AMERICA DE KOL BURKE,
A great son of the great De Kol Burke. It will
pay you to come and see him. Write for pedigree.
Several young calves out of A. It.O. dams for sale.
CLOY KR BALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C, S. Lunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
Milk Prnrllirprt: tor Ke'v York City market
iUHiV riuuutcio desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otsiville, N. Y.
SWIWE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
nas, Berkshires, C. Whites.
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
Pups, Beagles and Poultry .Write for
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Middletown Pa.
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-Special Offering
L of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
up. They should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity. H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES.^,
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Pioprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders booked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
... Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
H
PIGS.
omestead Herd !
DUKOC-JEUSEY RED SWINE, BRED
GILTS, SERVICE BOARS AND SPRING
R. W. McALLEN, Eannettsburg, Pa.
Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using
Blatehford’s Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
Uo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1 8Q0*.
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKE R
605
THE VIRGINIA HEN CONTEST.
Last week we gave the first report
from those New Jersey hens. This week
comes the first statement from Virginia.
You remember that we closed last year
with a picture of Queen Lil, a White
Leghorn hen which laid 234 eggs in
about 10t/2 months. Her owner, Mr.
Jas. E. Walter, Jr., wants to learn if
these egg-laying qualities are hereditary.
So he has started what he calls a “'Bred-
to-lay” pen of Leghorns which are de¬
scribed in his first report. These hens
are trap-nested and will be kepi to¬
gether for one year. We shall know
what each one lays and what the food
costs. The cockerel with these laying
birds is a son of Queen Lil. As in the
case of Mr. Dougan, we invite criticism
and investigation, as our only object is
to get the facts.
Report No. 1.
We will give now the line-up of our bred-
to-lay pen consisting of one cockerel, two
hens! six pullets Queen Lil, three years old,
record 234 eggs, 10 months, 13 days. Queen
Bess, three years old, record 212 eggs, one
year; six pullets, Nos. 374, 375, 370, 379,
*382, 384, hatched in May and June. Cock¬
erel Prince Edward 1st, son of Queen Lil.
This pen is in a colony house 0x8 feet with
a yard 8x25 feet. They are given their lib¬
erty every third day. Corn, wheat, mash
and cabbage is kept before them in hoppers.
The corn and wheat hoppers are closed
about 9 a. m. and opened again about 4
p. m. Table scraps and tested-out eggs are
fed every other day. As a beginning we re¬
port for the month ending March 7 eggs laid
as follows: Queen Lii 15; Queen Bess 18;
No. 374, 8; No. 375, 12; No. 370, 14; No.
379, 15; No. 382, 12; No. 384, 11.
Total for the month, 105 eggs. This is
not a good record and it is only fair to say
that more eggs were laid, but the trap-nests
were in poor condition and the hens got out
several times and no account was taken of
these eggs, as we did not expect to keep an
exact record of the pen. Now, however,
an exact record of eggs and feed will be
kept. We have after three years’ study and
experimenting perfected what we consider a
perfect trap-nest. Suppose we call it the
Rural trap-nest. The nests made by me
look truly rural, but nevertheless they de¬
liver the goods and that is what counts. Of
the 105 eggs laid we had on hand and set¬
ting on March 7 about 60 eggs, so at pres¬
ent the average would stand about as fol¬
lows :
DR.
To 1 colony house, 0x8 feet . $10.00
To 58 feet poultry netting at 2 cents. 1.16
To 1 month's food for 9 head fowls
at 12 cents . 1.08
$12.24
Clt.
By 60 eggs on hand and setting. . .00
By 3% dozen eggs sold at 23c. doz.. .87
$11.37
JAMES E. WALTEU, Jli.
TESTING A HOLSTEIN COW.
1 have a big Holstein cow eight years
old, and I wish to test her when she fresh¬
ens. 1 also wish to force her as much as
1 dare for a short time test.
Milford, Mass. f. a. w.
If I were planning to test a cow, either
for milk production or for butter fat, 1
would like to prepare her considerably
in advance of the actual time when she
was to undergo the test. In order to do
her best, she should have plenty of time
to rest and thoroughly recuperate before
freshening. Colantha Fourth’s Johanna
was, I believe, dry for more than a year
before she made her famous record.
During the resting period plenty of
nourishing food should be given. In the
Summer months it is hard to beat pas¬
ture grass, provided always that it is in
abundance, along with pure water and
reasonable protection from flies. At
other times the food may consist of
silage, clover hay, Alfalfa, corn stover,
etc., for roughage, with a moderate grain
ration composed of such feeds as bran,
middlings, ground peas and oats and a
pound or two of linseed meal daily. At
this period cotton-seed meal should be
fed sparingly. There are so many mixed
feeds and by-products of grain upon the
market, some good and some undesirable,
that it is difficult to know the best com¬
bination of foods to recommend for dif¬
ferent localities. In preparing a cow for
test she should be allowed to lay on con¬
siderable flesh, not forgetting to allow
plenty of exercise, along with the abund¬
ance of feed, in order that she may be
strong and active at the time of parturi¬
tion. Slacken up on the grain feed a
few days before she is due to freshen,
and see that the bowels are fairly loose.
Feed lightly for two or three days after
calving, or until the udder is fairly free
from inflammation, then gradually in¬
crease each day until the cow is getting
all the grain that she will eat up clean.
Begin the test when she is on a com¬
paratively small ration, and continue it
until she is eating all that she will con¬
sume. In this way your test will prob¬
ably run for about three weeks. You
may then select the best seven consecu¬
tive days as your week’s record. Your
cow should have all the roughage — of
the best of quality, of course — that she
will eat up clean, at least twice a day.
She should have access to plenty of pure
water at all times, and about an ounce of
salt should be given daily. Holstein
breeders feed and milk their cows every
six hours when under test. Plenty of
succulent food, good silage or roots, or
both, if possible, is essential for a cow
to do her best. If these are not to be
had we would feed about three pecks of
potatoes each day during the test. As¬
suming that your roughage is Timothy
or mixed hay and corn stover, a grain
ration like the following ought to give
satisfaction. We are ignoring cost, as in
a test the one object in view is to make
a record regardless of cost ; One part
cotton-seed meal, one part linseed meal,
one part gluten meal, four parts ground
oats, four parts cornmeal. The nutritive
ratio of this ration is 1 :3.3, which is con¬
siderably narrower than the standard. If
fed with Alfalfa or clover hay, the cot¬
ton-seed meal and one-half the linseed
may be dropped. c. s. M.
Live Stock in Ohio.
Tin' Ohio Department of Agriculture gives
the following report of live stock in that
State : Number of stallions, thoroughbred
runners, 73 ; trotting stock. 816 ; foreign
bred draft, 1,012 ; American bred draft,
1,214: other pure breeds, 234; unknown
breeding, 830; purebred bulls (all breeds),
7,791;; purebred boars (all breeds), 12,540;
purebred rams (all breeds), 17,430. Pel'
cent of different breeds of cattle. Short¬
horns, 16.82; Aberdeen- Angus, 1.93; Ilere-
fords, 2.46; Polled Durlianis, 2.33; Gallo¬
ways. 0.43 ; Jerseys, 15 ; Ilolsteins, 6.36 ;
Red Polls, 1.73; Guernseys, 0.86; Ayrshires,
0.18; Devons, 0.31; Brown Swiss, 0.07;
other pure breeds, 0.81 ; grades, 37.15 ; na¬
tives, 13.56. Per cent, of different breeds
of swine: Berkshires, 10.13; Poland Chinas,
29.03; Chester Whites, 17.37; Duroc Jer¬
seys, 17.58; Yorkshires, 0.84; Hampshires,
0.33 ; Tamworths, 0.23 ; unknown, 24.49.
Per cent, of different breeds of sheep :
Merinos, 17.34 ; French Merinos, 2.61 ;
Cotswolds, 3.38; Oxford Downs, 2.18;
Shropshire Downs, 14.71 ; Hampshire
Downs, 0.85; South Downs, 4.86; Lincolns,
0.63; Dorsets. 0.50; Cheviots, 0.07; mixed
bloods, 24.37 ; grades, 28.50. The above
report is comoiled from returns received
from 935 rural townships of the State.
Lame Pigs.
I would like to give some advice to C. S.
M.. on page 412 ,as I had some pigs just
the same as his. I killed them to find out
the cause, and here it is: Kidneys three
times larger than they ought to be, heavy
and yellow. They went into soap grease;
that is all they are lit for. I would advise
C. S. M. to get rid of his as soon as pos¬
sible and save feed, money and time. it.
A Good Judge of Cows
is likely to be a good judge of a cream separator. The
same quality of brains that enables a man to breed high-
class dairy cattle, leads him to buy the best cream separator.
It is worth noting that the man who produced the
World’s Record Holstein cow
COLANTHA 4TH’S JOHANNA,
lias a United States Cream Separator. This man is
W. J. Gillette, of Rosendale, Wis.
And do you know that
JACOBA IRENE,
the great record-breaking Jersey cow, is owned by
A. O. Auten, of Jerseyville, Ill., who uses the United
States Separator on his farm ?
Also the owners of the wonderful $10,000 Guernsey cow
YEKSA SUNBEAM,
the Reitbrock estate, of Helendale Farms, at Athens,
Wis., use four United States Separators on their farm.
TWILIGHT LONAN.
Chas. L. Hill, of Rosendale, Wis., owner of the
celebrated Guernsey cow Twilight Lonan, uses a United
States Cream Separator on his farm.
LORETTA D.
F. IT. Scribner, of Rosendale, Wis., who developed
the celebrated Jersey cow Loretta D., and who is one of
the great Jersey breeders of the country, uses a United
States Cream Separator.
If the United States Separator is the separator for
these business men and thousands of others, leaders of the
dairy world, why not for you? These experts — men who
know, and do — require the use of a separator which skims
closest, washes easiest, runs easiest, and wears longest.
This is the reason they all choose the United States
Separator.
The United States Separator holds World’s Record,
therefore is the World’s Standard Separator.
Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vermont.
Distributing Warehouses in all Dairy Sections.
OSGOOD
Pitless
Steel
Frame
Indispensable on every farm;
saves the time and mouey you
would spend on a public scale, and
urea perfect .accuracy al¬
ways. Good for a life—
f^^tlrae. Send for catalogue.
Oosood Scale Co.,
Box 157, Binghamton. N. Y.
THE BOSS CREAM RAISER
will raise the cream
between milkings and
give you sweet skim
milk for bouse and
stock. Ice not necessa¬
ry, cold well or spring
water will do the
work. No skimming,
no crocks and pans to
handle. TEN DAYS
FREE TRIAL. Price
$3.25 and up. 50.000
of these machines in use today. Send for Free Catalog.
BLUFFTON CREAM SEPARATOR CO. BOX M BLUFFTCN, 0.
Dividend Paying Cows
Mi Aiax Flakes
Because: Ajax Flakes is an Unequalled Milk Producer
THREE AJAX RECORDS:
Wera Belle Weiftview — Winner of the January, 1911, Hoard’s
Prize, Wisconsin Competition; 2,014 lbs. milk, 72 lbs fat.
Dollie Dimple — Year Record: 18,458 lbs. milk, 906 lbs. fat.
Daisy Cornucopia Pauline — No. 91,712; a wonderful thirty-day
record : 2,420 lbs. milk, 126 lbs. butter.
You can deceive yourself by buying inferior feeds, but you can¬
not fool a cow. She will not give you the maximum quantity of
high quality milk unless she has the best feed. Ajax Flakes lead
them all — 30% to 33% Protein, 12% to 14% fat, about 24% digestible
protein.
NOW IS THE HEAVY FEEDING SEASON
Order AJAX FLAKES immediately of your nearest dealer.
If he happens to be out of “AJAX” refuse all “just as good” im¬
itations and write us at once how to obtain any amount, from one
bag to one carload, direct from us. “AJAX” is twice as strong as
bran — only costs $3.00 more.
125 Lbs.
TRADE MARK
Registered
ILS-PAXOFF.
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS
Protein 30- 33%
Fat . 11%
Carbohydrates 30-40%
Fibre 12-14%
Ohio and Western Dairymen write:
Chapin & Co., Dept. 9, Milwaukee, Wis.
Eastern Dairymen write:
Chapin & Co., Dept. 9, Buffalo, N. Y.
606
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 15,
MR. TAYLOR'S SIDE OF THE GUERNSEY
COW CASE.
Part I.
There has been brought to my atten¬
tion a letter which was published in
your edition of February 25, signed
“Fred B. Rice, Massachusetts,” and en¬
titled “Let the Cows Prove It,” which,
in the interests of justice, should be
answered.
The secretary of the American Guern¬
sey Cattle Club, about April 28, 1910,
wrote to various experts, giving an an¬
alysis made by a chemist of the Massa¬
chusetts Station from a sample taken
from one day’s milking. The secretary's
letter appears to state that the sample
was taken from the milk of the entire
month. The experts were requested to
comment on the analysis, and were asked,
“Do you consider that this milk is out¬
side the limit of variation which might
be expected in cases where cows are
forced to high production when so close
to calving?” The secretary failed to
state that he was present when the high
test was made. For some reason the
chemist neglected to take a specific grav¬
ity test, perhaps the most important step
in connection with the analysis, and Mr.
Rice accordingly omits this sentence
from Prof. Woll's letter:
“If the specific gravity of the sample had
been determined, we would be in much bet¬
ter shape to pass an opinion on whether or
not this milk could be considered nor¬
mal * *
And also he omitted the following sig¬
nificant sentence from Prof. Eckle’s let¬
ter :
If the cow was pushed to the limit it
would be x-easonable to expect more fluc¬
tuation in the composition of her milk
than would be the case if she was fed
moderately, and it might be possible under
strain of abnormal condition for the milk
to be produced at one milking.
Missy was of course pushed to the
limit, and in addition was just recover¬
ing from a severe attack of hoof rot and
a high fever ; the conditions were cer¬
tainly “abnormal.” Mr. Rice omits quo¬
tations from the letters of other experts
who were consulted. Prof. Rasmussen
of the New Hampshire Station, in his
letter, quoted from Jansen’s “Milk Hy¬
giene” the record of a cow which he
states shows as unusual a variation as
Missy’s :
The per cent of fat in the milk of a cow
during the lactation period increased from
3.033 per cent to 8.30 per cent, a difference
of 5.20 per cent. The solids not fat in¬
creased only from 8.14 per cent to 9 per
cent.
The letter concludes as follows :
It is another step in advance, bringing
forth new evidences of the great variation
and the great individuality in dairy cows,
and establishing a new record with refer¬
ence to per cent of fat in cow's milk. I
congratulate the Guernsey Cattle Club on
finding another such remarkable cow.
Prof. Rasmussen was one of the check
testers at the end of November, so that
his opinion necessarily carries far more
weight than that of experts who did not
know the facts.
club, when the record was complete, is¬
sued the regular certificate and published
a statement in part as follows :
During the year the supervision and
testing was conducted by the Rhode Island
Agricultural Experiment Station, and the
inspections were made by two different in¬
spectors ; during the year the home tests
made and the regular tests, each month
agree so closely that the splendid work the
cow was doing was substantiated. * * *
At the close of the year's work, Mr. L. F.
Herrick, of Worcester, and the Secretary
of the American Guernsey Cattle Club,
were present, when at noon the cow tested
9.3 per cent fat. She was then giving
10 pounds at a milking, the total being
31. G pounds for the day.
Two breeders, after the record was
made, instead of communicating their
suspicions to the owner of the cow, at¬
tacked the record before the executive
committee as physically impossible and
probably fraudulent. Several sessions
were held by the executive committee to
consider the matter, no charges were
filed but the record was marked as held
pending investigation. The executive
committee directed that the cow be re¬
entered. Against his protest, as Missy
was entitled to a rest, Mr. Taylor or¬
dered a re-test. During the first month
of her re-test, in spite of the fact that
she had been pushed to the limit for
over a year, the cow made more milk and
more butter fat than during the corre¬
sponding month of the original test.
When giving over 40 pounds a day, she
lay down in a wet pasture, her udder be¬
came inflamed, and she dropped the next
day to one pound. Her udder became
seriously affected, and no further test
was possible.
At the club meeting last May an open
attack was made on the record. It was
proposed to appoint a sub-committee of
the executive committee to investigate.
Two members of the executive commit¬
tee thereupon refused to serve, stating
in effect that the committee had been
biased against the records. Mr. Scoville,
a member of the executive committee (p.
42, Minutes of Annual Meeting) spoke
as follows :
“As an interested party I think I per¬
haps have a right to be heard. I think
that it probably would be wise to refer
this matter to some sort of a jury to hear
the evidence. I have a feeling that Mr.
Taylor thinks we have been more or less
partisan in this matter, and that is more
or less true, because until very recently
only one side of this case has been actively
presented to our attention. We have heard
so much of this thing that I think I am
within the limit of truth in saying that no
member of the executive committee could
possibly approach this matter in a perfectly
fair-minded way.”
President Codman : “I beg pardon?”
Mr. Scoville : “I think that no member
of the executive committee could hear this
evidence in a perfectly open-minded way.”
President Codman : “I quite disagree
with you there.”
Mr. Scoville: “Well, I can’t. Anyway,
I'm going to Europe next week (laughter).
I think that if Mr. Taylor would select one
member, and let his opponents select an¬
other member, and these two agree on the
third member, and the evidence were pre¬
sented in a perfectly fair way, that we
would arrive at a decision inside of a week.
Mr. Hammond complains that he has not had
a chance to confront his accusers; we
ought to give him an opportunity before
this matter is disposed of entirely.”
JOHN HENRY IIAMMOXD.
Prof. Michels, in his letter, stated :
It is my opinion that a cow forced for
either short or long periods and fed under
abnormal conditions, it is no more than
reasonable to suppose that her system also
is in an abnormal condition as the result
of such feeding and that the milk yields
as well as the composition of the milk
will be abnormal.
Prof. Wing stated in part as follows :
The best evidence we have is authentic
records of what has been actually found,
and such I judge you consider the analysis
quoted to be. As to whether this was ab¬
normal and caused by forced feeding, I
think wo should have to be very careful
about expressing an opinion. I should not
care to say what might or might not be
expected of a cow in respect to her milk or
fat production, that was fed to an extreme
limit.
CHR. HANSEN’S
DANISH BUTTER COLOR
The charge that cream may have been
added to the milk is easy to make, and
fortunately easily disproved, as the sec¬
retary of the club was present when the
highest test was made, as well as Mr.
Herrick, of Worcester, Mass. Mr. Her¬
rick had stated that he had never seen a
very high test and doubted tlieir accu¬
racy, and he was invited to supervise.
He testified that he watched every detail
and that the test was absolutely correct.
The inspector, who also watched every
detail and made the test, is a man of ex¬
cellent reputation. The inspector for
the preceding months was at the Univer¬
sity of Wisconsin in April, 1910, at
the time Professors Woll’s, Eckles’ and
Babcock’s letters were written. It has
been “shown beyond any reasonable
doubt that the samples were taken under
conditions which make it absolutely im¬
possible for any error to have been
made,” and “the supervision was be¬
yond question,” as required by Profes¬
sors Eckles and Babcock.
Let me now state briefly the contro¬
versy resulting in the final establishment
of the record : The secretary of the j
Purely Vegetable and Guaranteed under all
Pure Food Laws, State and National.
UKNNKT TABLETS and CHEESE
COLOR TABLETS for Cheese
Making on the Farm
JUNKET TABLETS for dainty milk
desserts and ice cream
JUNKET BRAND BUTTERMILK
TABLETS
Manufactured and put up only by
CHR. HANSEN’S LABORATORY
Box 1106, Little Falls, N.Y.
Get Bigger Crops
Using The New
Has dollar value stamped on every part. Many new
construction features — all patented — all tested— all
practical. As a weed destroyer and soil mulcher The
New Farquhar is an easy first. 32 inch diameter steel
wheels make draft light — save horseflesh. Easily
reachable levers, control width and depth of shovel
teeth, slotted steel axles permit distance between wheels
to be regulated. Built practically of all steel and malle¬
able iron — durability certain, many other exclusive
features. We’ve put price low to make big sales sure.
Get catalogue quickly — write to-day.
A. B. FAUQUHAli CO., Ltd., Box GOO, York, Pa.
Milk Production Increased Qk0/
15 Days After Using Dried Beet Pulp 0
f 468.1 lkj
Li 1 2 1 3 1 4
56
8
DAYS
10
I2ll3|l4ll5l
-45-
-44-
-43-
-42-
- 41 —
-40-
-39-
-38-
-37-
-36-
-35-
-34-
-33-
-32-
-31-
-30-
-29-
-28-
-27-
-26-
-25-
-24-
-23-
-22-
-21-
-20-
- 19 -
- 18-
- 17 —
■ 16 —
- 15 —
- 14 —
- 13 —
- 12 —
- II —
- 10 —
9 —
- 8 —
7 —
• 6 —
5 —
-4- —
3 —
•2 —
I —
LBS.
Ll 1 2 13
4 1 5
8
DAYS
I0| I
I2| 13 1 14
151
43 lbs. More Milk on Dried Beet Pulp Ration than on Corn Silage Ration.
( Test Subject, " Select ” Jersey Cow.)
Left hand diagram shows results of feeding the cow “Select” on Corn Silage ration for 15 days.
Right hand diagram shows results of feeding same cow on Dried Beet Pulp ration for a later 15 days.
No More Need for Silage
These pictures tell the story of a test made by the New Jersey Agricul¬
tural Experiment Station. Four cows were selected. Two were fed on a
silage ration for fifteen days, two on Dried Beet Pulp. Then the first
two were fed on Dried Beet Pulp and the other two on silage. The milk
cans show the results day by day; each way — coming and going — Dried
Beet Pulp produced more milk. When the two cows that were fed
Dried Beet Pulp were given corn silage they dropped in their milk;
when the silage fed cows were put on Dried Beet Pulp they immediately
gained.
Decreased 17% When Using Silage
f 870.8 lbs)
. 1 1 |2l3|4|5 6|7|8 9 |l0| II |I2|I3|I4]I5|
DAYS-
-45
-44 •
-43-
-42-
-4 1-
-40
-39'
-38-
-37-
-36-
-35
-34-
-33-
-32-
-31-
-30
-29
-28
-27-
-26
-25-
-24
-23
-22-
-21
-20
-19 —
- 18 -
- 17-
- 16 •
- 15 -
-14-
-13-
- 12-
-II-
- to -
- 9-
-8-
- 7 -
- 6 -
- 5 -
- 4. -
- 3-
- 2-
- I -
(310.9 lb 4
LBS.
|l |2l3|4|5 6|7|8 9 10 II 12 13 14 I5l(
DAYS
60 lbs. More Milk on Dried Beet Pulp Ration than on Corn Silage Ration.
( Test Subject, “ Raritan ” Guernsey Cow.)
Left hand diagram shows results of feeding the cow “Raritan” on Dried Beet Pulp ration for 15 days.
Right hand diagram shows results of feeding same cow on Corn Silage ration for a later 15 days.
Look At The Figures On The Milk Cana
If your silage is running low do not fear your milk production will
shrink — send immediately for some Dried Beet Pulp, and you will not
only stop any shrinkage, but you will get more milk.
Dried Beet Pulp is 92% dry matter, while your silage is only 20% to
25% dry matter — water is cheap — just add water to the Dried Beet Pulp
and see it grow; it swells to five times its bulk and looks like sliced beets.
And it is sliced beets as far as your cows are concerned, because the
sugar which was extracted is a pure carbohydrate, and is of no more
value than any other carbohydrate for milk making. Here you have the
equivalent of roots in an economical and convenient form. Dried Beet
Pulp is a cheap feed because the extra milk money pays for it, and leaves
you a clear saving of the other feed that you cut out.
If no dealer is near you we will be glad to make a direct shipment on
our guarantee. Use one sackful, and if not satisfied report to us. We
will return the entire purchase price and take back the unused sacks.
The Larrowe Milling Co., 631 FordD,S‘i
1911.
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER
607
SHARPLES
Dairy Tubular
Cream Separator
Set Up In Your Home
Pay no freight. Pay nothing in advance. Stand
no expense. Take neither risk nor trouble. We
will deliver and set up The World’s Best sepa¬
rator, in your own home, without cost to you for
free trial. Later than, different from all others.
Twice the skimming force— skims faster and
twice as clean— no disks or other contraptions —
wears a lifetime— guaranteed forever
by America’s oldest and world’s
biggest separator concern.
Mr. Brum, Dodge, Neb., has used
Tubular 11 years, no repairs. J.
Jenson, Wild Rose, Wis.. 11 years, ,
$1.00. Champion Hill
Stock Farm, Martins¬
ville, 0., 10 years, 20
cts. H. J. Lockwood,
Columbus, 0„ 10
years, 50 cts. John
E. Taylor, Orion,
Mich., 9 years. 50
cts. Similar records
all over world.
Buy one Tu¬
bular forlife.
Risk nothing
on "mail
order” or
other (so
called) cheap
se parators,
the average
life of which
is one year.
\V rite for
catalogue
No. 153
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, I*A.
Chicago. III., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Oro.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.
OUR GUARANTY
We guarantee that the
PAP.EC. will cut and elevate
more silage than any other
cutter, same power being
used, and that It will elevate
Isilage 50 feet with less power
jthan any other cutter.
PAPFf1 PNEUMATIC
* ,, *-lV> ENSILAGE CUTTER
Always ready for business: easy to set
up and operate: never clogs. Durably
built— no wood to twist and warp. Write
for new hook, "How to Prepare Ensilage”
— 11 FREE. Agents wanted in several
localities, attractive proposition.
25 Distributing Points in U. S
PAPEC MACHINE CO.
Box TO Shortsville, N. Y.
THE UNADILLA SILO
THE SENSATION OF THE
AGRICULTURAL WORLD.
Write for our “TWENTY-
FIVE REASONS” why it is in
a class by itself.
We also manufacture Farm
Water Tubs and are New Eng¬
land representatives for Papec
Cutters and are in position to
quote low prices upon receipt of
inquiry. Extra discount for
early orders. Agents wanted.
THE UNADILLA SILO CO., Inc., Box B, Unadilla, N. Y.
GREEN MOUNTAIN
SILOS
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative if you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.,
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
INTERNATIONAL
SILOS
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take- up hoop-
continuous open-door front — air-tight door and per¬
manent ladder are some '•<'»he unusual features. The
Interaatlonal fill" IIS Main Ht.. LinaavllI*. Bto
Philadelphia SILOS
have a 10 year reputation for strength and efficiency.
Posiitively the only Silos made that have an Opening
Roof — Only Continuous Open Front. Our30ft.Silo
equals other 36 ft. Silos capacity. Over 5.000 in use.
Opening roof works automatically— permits Silos be¬
ing fully packed. Also splendid line in Water Tanks,
Gasoline Engines, Rumps, etc. Get free catalogue.
E. F. SCHLICHTER CO., 129 Fuller Bldg., Phila., Pa.
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending April 7, 1911.
BUTTER
During the week prices declined one
cent, and then regained their former figure,
with a half cent advance in some of the
top grades. Trade is active.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 21 @ .22
Good to Choice . 18 @ .20
Gower Grades . 15 @ .17
Storage . 15 ' @ .19
State Dairy, best . 19 © .20
Common to Good . 14 @ .17
Factory . 14 @ .15
Packing Slock . 11 @ .14
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 21 cents.
Boston, western creamery, 22 cents.
Philadelphia, western creamery, 22 cents.
CHEESE
Arrivals are very heavy and the market
irregular. Nearly 17.000 boxes were re¬
ceived during the week.
Full Cream, best. Fall made . 14 @ .15
Common to Good . 12 @ .13
New Made . . . 09 ® .10)4
Skims . 05 @ .10
EGGS
Prices have apparently struck bottom.
Receipts continue large, but trade is good,
both for consumption and storage.
White, good to choice . 18 @ .21
Mixed Colors, best . 17 @ .19
Common to Good . 15 @ .17
Western, best . 17 @ .18
Under grades . 12 @ .15
Duck eggs, dozen . 30 © .35
Goose eggs, dozen . 00 @ .75
BEANS
Trade continues moderate, but the sup¬
plies are light and interior markets reported
firm.
Marrow, 100 lbs..
Medium .
Pea .
Yellow Eye .
Red Kidney .
WhiteKidney. . ..
Lima, California
3.10 © 3.85
3.00 © 3.65
3.110 @ 3.70
3.50 © 3.65
5.20 © 5.70
5.00 © 5.10
6.60 @ 6.70
HOPS
Buying is practically at a standstill,
growers refusing to sell at the prices
offered.
Prime to Choice . 28 @ .29
Common to Good . 25 @ .27
Pacific Coast . 21 @ .22
German Crop, 1910 . A0 @ .53
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 © .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
Offerings, except of inferior stock, are
very light.
Apples, evap. prime . 12 © 13
Evap., com. to good . 06 @ .11
Sun Dried . U6 @ .07)4
Chops . 07 © .08
Cores and Skins . 07)4© -97)4
Raspberries . 28 @ .30
Cherries . 15 © .18
FRESH FRUITS
The apple market is firm, with moderate
supplies of tlie better grades. A good
many strawberries are opening up soft and
poor. One car from Louisiana brought 15
to 18 cents.
Apples, Russet, bbl . 3.00 @ 5.00
Winesap . 4.00 © 0.50
Greening . 4.00 © 7.00
Baldwin . 4.00 © 6.00
Ben Davis . 3.50 © 5.00
Spy... . 4.00 © 0.00
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.50 © 2.50
Spitz, box . 1.75 @ 2.50
Rome, box . 2.00 © 2 25
Black Ben, box . 175 @ 2.25
Gano. box . 2.00 © 2.25
Cranberries —
Cape Cod. bbl . 12.00 @14.00
Long Island, bbl . 14.00 @15.00
Jersey, bbl . 11.00 @12.00
Strawberries. Fla., qt . 12 @ .20
Otfler Southern . 15 ® .18
Oranges, Fla. box . 2.00 © 3.25
Porto Rico . 2.50 © 2.75
California . 2.50 © 3.50
Grape Fruit. Fla. box . 2.50 @ 3.50
Pineapples, Havana. 18s . 1.50 @ 2 25
Porto Rico, 30s to 24s . 2.50 @ 3 00
VEGETABLES
The week has been an exciting one in the
potato trade. Prices jumped until sales
were made above $2.50, but at this writ¬
ing there is a decided reaction, and the
market is weak. String beans plenty and
poor.
Potatoes— N. Y. State, 180 lbs . 1.75 @ 2.00
Maine . 2.00 © 2.16
Southern, new, No. 1, bbl . 5.50 @ 0.00
Southern, new, No. 2, bbl . 4.00 @ 4.50
Virginia, second crop, bbl . 1.50 © 2.00
Sweet, Jersey, bkt . 1.00 @ 2X0
Sweet Virginia, bbl . 1.75 © 2.25
Asparagus, Southern, f ’ey doz . 3.75 @4 00
Good to prime . 2.00 @ 3.50
Calif., green, fancy . 4. 00 © 4.25
Calif., green, common to good . 2.50 @ 3.50
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 2.50 @ 4.00
Carrots, bbl . 1.50 @ 2X0
Southern, new, 100 bunches . 1.50 © 2.50
Cabbage — Danish seed, ton . 12.00 @16.00
New, Southern, bbl . 1.00 © 1.50
Celery, doz . 50 @ 1.00
Chicory, bbl . 3.50 @4.50
Cucumbers. Fla. bu . 1.50 @ 2.75
Escarol. J4 bbl. bkt . 1.00 © 2.00
Kale, bbl . 1.00 © 1.25
Kohlrabi, Southern, 100 bunches . 2.50 @ 4.00
Lettuce, )4-bbl. bkt . 75 @2 75
Peppers. Southern, bu . 2.00 @ 3.00
Fennel, Southern, bbl . 2.00 @ 3.00
Horseradish, 100 lbs . 5.00 © 8.00
Lima Beans, Fla. bkt . 2X0 © 4.50
Okra. Fla. Carrier . 2.00 @ 3.00
Onions, Orange Co., bag . 2.50 © 3X0
State and Western, 143 lb. bag . 2.00 © 3.75
White pickle, bu . 1.25 © 2.25
Peas. Fla., bu . 2.00 © 5.00
Radishes, S’n. )4 bbl.- bkt . 1.00 © 1.50
Rhubarb, 100 bunches . 3.00 © 0.00
Komaine. Southern, )4 bbl . 75 @ 1.25
Salsify, 100 bunches . 5X0 @ 7.00
String Beans, bu . 1.00 @ 4.00
Spinach, bbl . l.lH) © 1.37
Squash, bbl . 1.75 @ 2.25
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75 @ 1.25
White, bbl . 1.00 @1.50
Leeks, Southern, 100 bunches . 3X0 @ 6.00
Egg Plants, Fla., box . 2.00 © 2.50
Parsnips, bbl . 1.25 @ 1.75
Parsley bbl . 3.00 © 4.00
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 75 @1.50
(Continued on page 511)
“MEN WHO KNOW”
USE THE
DE LAVAL
CREAM SEPARATOR
Does it not mean a great deal to YOU, the prospective
buyer of a Cream Separator, that such men as
J. P. Morgan, the greatest of bankers
C. H. Mackay, Pres’t Postal Telegraph Co.
J. M. Studebaker, the great wagon builder
Ex-Gov. Chas. W. Stone, of Pennsylvania
Sir Wm. Van Horne, Ex-Pres’t Canadian Pacific R’y
Hon. W. B. Barney, Iowa State Dairy Commissioner
Philip Moen, the great wire manufacturer
Dr. J. A. Mead, Pres’t Howe Scale Co.
Prof. W. H. Caldwell, Sec’y Am. Guernsey Cattle Club
U. S. Senator Knute Nelson, of Minnesota
and many others like them, good dairy farmers as well as great
leaders in every sphere of human endeavor, each of whom is
possessed of much personal experience and a thousand authori¬
tative sources of separator information, are among the 1,250,000
satisfied users of DE LAVAL Cream Separators?
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
165-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
C9 E, Madison Slreot
CHICAGO
Drumm & Saoramento Sta.
SAN FRANCISCO
173-177 William Straol
MONTREAL
14 A 16 Prlncoaa Street
WINNIPEG
IOI6 Weatarn Avenue
SEATTLE
THE ROSS SILO
Tho only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stavo.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled eilo door with
hinges. Equipped witn extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes winter feed equal to June
grass. THE ltOSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
will save you money. Agents wanted.
The E. W. Ross Co.(Est.l850)
Box 13 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO
FREE TO FARMERS
A Valuable 160-page book entitled
“SILO PROFITS”
Written by 200 of the most successful
heeders, Farmers and Dairymen In
the World. Every farmer In
America should read this book, and
as long as our supply of these books
last we will mail one copy free to
each person asking for it. It gives
theactual experience of these farm¬
ers and in their own words.
Our Factories are located at An¬
derson, Ind., DesMoines, Iowa, and _
Kansas City, Write NOW “cHTd JC*a 11
Missouri.. for this book OllO Jr FOOtS *
#>, q INDIANA SILO COMPANY
4(18 Union Building, Anderson, Indiana
Horses of big, sturdy, powerful type can only be built up by
proper feeding. Whole corn and oats will not do ft so well or as cheap as
a properly balanced kiln-dried, ground corn and bat feed. Whole grains
contain too much water. Sell them at good prices and buy a balanced
ration that is richer, better, cheaper. Get the best — get
It Makes Fat , Bane and Muscle
and keeps horses in fine fettle. Kiln-dried, always uniform, easily digested.
Contains protein, carbohydrates, fats and fibre blended by experts in exact pro¬
portion for best results. To get the most out of your horses feed them right. Get
Boss Feed of your dealer. If he can’t supplyyou write us. Send postal for inter¬
esting folder about horses and Boss Feed.
The GREAT WESTERN CEREAL CO. Eg. Chicago
MAKERS OF QUALITY FEEDS
Boss Feed, Gregson’s Calf Meal, Daisy Dairy Feed, Sterling Scratch Feed, Sterling Chick Feed
BRANCHES
Boston, New York, Pittsburg, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Indianapolis. Memphis
608
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 15,
The Henyard.
That Woman Hen Farmer.
We have had two reports previously from
the woman who started under peculiar con¬
ditions to try to make a flock of hens sup¬
port three people. She now sends her third
report :
In February we ran $6 behind, but put
aside 720 eggs for incubation. For these
we should have had to pay five cents
apiece, so we did not do so very badly.
In March we show up better:
Eggs sold . $25.37
Incubation eggs solid . 2G.70
Fowls sold, 30 at 18 cents a pound . . 28.08
Day-old chicks . 13.00
We had grain, so all we had to buy
was about $G worth. This makes a good
showing. For the 30 fowls sold we paid
$1 apiece on December 10, and received
in February and March $28.98. Out of
720 eggs we got 370 chickens, most of
them doing finely. We liked the letter
from the $9 hen man and shall take his
advice about corn. We got 12 cents for
day-old chicks. Incubation eggs seem to
me a good idea, because you get 60 cents
a dozen when eggs are only 30 cents.
Massachusetts. E. T.
The Houdan Birds.
See those eggs iu a pile?
Says Mrs. Iloudau with a smile ;
I can beat the other breeds a mile ;
Agaiu does Mrs. Iloudan smile.
Good for W. C. D„ of Pittsburg, Pa., I
was glad to see his article. Now that Mrs.
Houdan has been introduced, let us hear
more of this valuable bird. The best bird
is what we want, and if it is the Houdan,
why hide the light under the bushel basket,
or any other kind of a basket? Let us
hear about the Iloudan. And if anyone
has anything to say against the Houdan
breed, let us hear that. In my opinion
there is no fowl to equal it. The breed
will bear well being picked to pieces by
those who prefer other birds. I was pleased
to read W. C. D.’s statement that his
Houdans took care of themselves against
hawks just as well as other breeds, for
his statement is founded on experience.
Let us hear from others who have had ex¬
perience. I have a small flock myself, and
it is yet to be proven to me that any
other breed can equal the Iloudan as an all¬
round bird. Thomas.
bran, beef scraps. Alfalfa and linseed meal.
The hens are Klaek Orpington and White
Leghorn, hatched April 15, 1910. J. p. l.
New York.
The presence of the blood is due to a
hemorrhage of the blood vessels in the
glands of the oviduct. The hemorrhage is
the result of fright, injury, or forced feed¬
ing. which overworks the blood vessels
carrying supplies to the organs of secretion.
Blood spots are usually found in the al¬
bumen, since the glands seci’eting this ma¬
terial are delicately responsive to forced
feeding. If the fowls are producing bloody
eggs in numbers, the rich meat materials
should be decreased and green food in-
creased. Exercise should be encouraged
and disturbing conditions eliminated. Oc¬
casionally an individual hen, through weak¬
ness or disease, will produce bloody eggs
regularly. Such a fowl should be removed
from the pen and fed carefully until her
body regains its normal condition.
Those $12 Hens — On page 381 you ask
for criticism of Gori & Son’s $12 hen story.
It seems to me unfair to give the hens
credit for the chickens raised. It would
seem to me that the hens should be credited
with the eggs laid, and if the hens are
used to hatch the chickens, then they should
be credited with the value of the chickens
at that time. As you say, on this basis
the hens certainly earned $12.31 ; but isn’t
the basis wrong? On the same basis one
could make an aci’e of strawberries pro¬
duce an enormous sum by converting the
berries into shortcake and selling the short¬
cake at 25 cents per portion ; or the milk
from a scrub cow could be converted into
milk punch (or shake, if you prefer) and
thus be made to foot up quite a respectable
total. c. E. w.
New York.
A Chicken Law. — The North Caro-
Legislature passed a law which provides:
Sec. 2. That any person so permitting
his fowls to run at large, after being
notified to keep them up, shall be guilty
of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall
be fined not exceeding five dollars or im¬
prisoned not exceeding five days ; or if it
shall appear to any justice of the peace
that after two days’ notice any pex’son per¬
sists in allowing his fowls to run at large
and fails or l'efuses to keep them up, then
said justice of the peace may order any
sheriff, constable or other officer to kill
said fowls, or said justice of the peace
may, in his discretion, deputize the com¬
plaining party to kill fowls when so depre¬
dating.
This applies to 12 counties and one
township. The act covers all kinds of
poultry which run on any cultivated field
or garden.
That Cow-Hen Controversy.
[The latest installments of the cow-hen
battle are responsible for the following.]
The hen — she has no place on earth ;
The cow — she is the bird ;
And all who question this should be
Led out and massacred.
I’ll figure up with pen and ink.
Or lead pencil and pad,
To give you all my various thoughts
I’ll be most mighty glad.
I’ll talk until your arm gets lame,
And feels like dropping off ;
I’ll talk until you wish like sin
I’d get the whooping cough :
I’ll show to you by all the words
Our language will allow ;
But, bet your life, you'll never get
Me back there with the cow 1
New York. Frederick m. holmes.
In regard to the hen vs. cow contest, if
such should be arranged, I should not like
to see either side limited to food products
at wholesale prices, but give both con¬
testants every chance to sell as high, and
for any purpose, they may see fit. Then
let the contest be decided for the one who
showed the largest net profit at the end of
contest. Of course it would be fair to re¬
quire both sides to make proof of sales,
and that all sales should be bona fide busi¬
ness deals. Then let the best man win. or
rather the best stock. In my mind I
leather favor the liens, for I know that in
my own case I could do more with the
hens and a good incubator than with the
cow. J. a. c.
Marion, N. Y.
Express Rates on Eggs.
While I am about it I will give some
express company experience. I receive
through the Adams Express Co. eggs 150
miles on which I pay 36 cents per crate.
Our suburb is between seven and eight
miles out from center of city. Some time
ago I had a crate of eggs shipped from
the city, charges 35 cents. “How is that,”
I said to driver who delivered them, "you
charge 35 cents and for one cent more you
haul them over 150 miles? 1I<' said, “We
do not haul eggs for less than 35 cents."
The eggs from a distance must go through
the city to reach us. d. w. b.
Mt. Airy Pa.
Feather Pulling,
I have a flock of hens that are well fed
on various kinds of gx-ain and grit. They
lay well, but are picking off their feathers
and eating them. What is the matter with
them, and what is the remedy? b. m. s.
Pennsylvania.
This trouble usually starts through fight¬
ing or accident and continues for lack of
sufficient mineral and animal food. The
vice spreads rapidly among the fowls in a
flock. It is seldom acquired in properly
managed flocks. This vice is the result of
erroneous methods of feeding and manage¬
ment, similar to the conditions which en-
courage egg eating. Give the fowls as much
liberty and freedom as possible. Increase
the amount of animal food in the ration.
If the pens ai’e small, it sometimes becomes
necessary to change the fowls to a dif¬
ferent house, or to harness their bills with
feather pulling bits, which prevent them
from getting a grip on the feather.
Blood Spots in Eggs.
I have been getting eggs from my hens
with sti’eaks of blood in them. Gan you
tell me the reason why they are that way?
I feed a prepared food and also a dry
mash of equal parts cornmeal, middlings,
Buy This Money-Saving
“REO” Steel Roof
Saves its cost five times over. Fireproof. Lasts
longer than building. Never need3 repairs. Out¬
wears four wood shingie roofs. Wears six times
ns long as 3-ply composition roofing. Reduces fire
insurance rutes 10% to 20%.
Edwards “REO” Steel Shingles
are easy to Iny. Just hammer and nails. No sol¬
dering. No tarring. Comes in stamped sheets of
finest Bessemer Steel, 6 to 12 feet long, width 24
inches, either painted or galvanized.
Buy at factory-to-user prices. We pay the
freight. We are largest rankers of iron and steel
roofing. Ask about our $10,000 Guarantee Bond
Against Lightning. Write today for our new Free
Money Saving Catalog 473. Send us the dimen¬
sions of your building.
THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING CO.
423-473 Lock St., CINCINNATI, OHIO (44)
75
AUHPD
Galloway
“BATH IN OIL” ‘
High Grade Separator— Direct
Save $25 to $50 direct at my factory
price— freight prepa.d Get the only
Separator that rails ia “liatli of Oil,”
like a $5,000 automobile. This
alone is worth $50 extra, but
costs you nothing extra.
Take
90 Days’
Farm Test— Freight Prepaid
Why pay $85 to $110 to dealers or agents
•who cannot sell you a separator equai
to the Galloway — closest skimmer—
easiest run— easiest cleaned— 10-yr.
guarantee. Send for BOOK FREB
WM. CALLOWAY CO.
€63 Galloway Sta., Waterloo, Ia«
The WITTEN
Automatic Dump Cart
Just What You Have Been
Looking For
A necessity for Farm-
, Fruit Growers,
Livery
Stables,
Cemeteries, Golf
Clubs, Dairies,
Stockmen, Con¬
tractors and all man¬
ufacturing plants.
Send today for free
illustrated booklet telling all about this
labor-saving cart.
Baker Mfg.Co., 50 7 Hunter Bldg., Chicago, III.
PRICES
INCLUDE
FENDERS.
Complete With
Fenders and
6-Shovel Pin
Break Gangs,
Complete With
Fenders and
4-Shovel Pin
Break Gangs,
$2195
Order
NO. 32X65
The David Bradley
LITTLE JAP CULTIVATOR
is your own idea of what a cultivator should
be; the perfect implement you Lave been
wishing for since you plowed your first field.
So far ahead of any other that it really
should be called by some other name than
cultivator. Every other manufacturer hop¬
ing for success is trying to copy its exclu¬
sive patented features. We only name them
here. Our catalog tells all about them.
$2275
Order
No. 32X66
B. F. D. No. 6. Box 2, Milford, Ill.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, Ill.
Gentlemen: — My Little Jap is far ahead of any
cultivator 1 have ever seen. The seat bar guiding
motion is the best thing out, and the advantage of
being able to raise and lower the gangs with the
balancing lever after having set them to exact
depth with the raising levers makes it superior to
all others. This Is saying a good deal, but it’s true.
The good features of the Little Jap make me feel
like striking out with it and working in fields
along the road, so as to convince people of its
superiority over all other makes.
Yours truly,
CHARLES TANSEL.
Pivot Axles and Seat Bar Dodging Lever; easiest,
quickest, widest dodge. A clear view of the row at
all times. The one successful cultivator for hillside
work. No drifting; gangs work parallel and at even
depth.
Balance Frame; adjustable for rows of any width.
Seat and stirrups adjustable for boy or man, and ma¬
chine adapts Itself to heavy or light weight operator.
Depth Regulating Lever for each gang, and
Combined Gang Raising and Balancing Lever that
lilts both gangs at end of row without disturbing
depth adjustment.
Short Hitch and Direct Draft; easy on team.
Draft helps lift gangs, also keeps shovels in ground.
Sixteen Styles of Gangs. Pin break or spring trip
shovels, surface blades, spring teeth or discs. Level-
ers, rakes and other attachments. Buy one culti¬
vator and as many kinds of extra gangs as wanted.
Wheels 42 Inches high; wide tires; staggered
spokes; long distance dustproof grease retaining
hubs.
Materials throughout the best that money can buy.
Highest grade steel and malleables used. $100.00
couldn’t make It better.
Send for our Book of David Bradley Farm Implements, or see our big General
Catalog for complete descriptions and prices of all styles of Little Jap Cultiva¬
tors and special attachments. Other styles of
Bradley cultivators from $9.93 up.
We can always furnish repairs for any
David Bradley implement made since 1832 and
ship the day we receive the order.
LITTLE
JAP
DISC
CULTIVA
TOR
Complete,
$2750
R. F. D. No. 1. Mt. Yernon, Iowa.
Sears, Roebuck and Co. . Chicago. 111.
Gentlemen:— I am fifty-two years old and did my
first plowing with a single shovel plow, then the double
shovel, next the walking cultivator and then the sulky
plow. Have used more different kinds of cultivators
than most men, and think I can plow corn as good as
any man living, and I must say that the Little Jap is
the best 1 ever used for good work and easy running,
both on man and team. It is the only cultivator for the
hired man. You regulate It and send him Into the field
and he has simply got to plow corn.
Yours truly,
A. H. KNAPP.
SEARS.ROEBUCKM
STYLE
BOOK
FREE
4t
Every Farm Home
'Should Have This Book
'ONTAINS the greatest Harness and Vehicle offers ever
* made; 178 pages of wonderful interest to Farmers; 251
illustrations, many in colors; 138 styles of Carriages, 74 styles
Harness. See our Wagon Leader of special construction, page 101,
and special Harness Bargain, page 143. We sell direct from our fac¬
tory, giving you genuine, absolutely guaranteed
Bargains in Vehicles and Harness
Doesn’t it stand to reason that you can buy Vehicles, Harness and Sad¬
dles to better advantage from the makers than from second and third parties?
Dealers, Agents and Mail Order Houses have to get their profits and selling
expenses that come out of your pocket. No sense in your^paying out this extra
money, when an old, reliable Manufacturing Concern like ” Murray” of Cincin¬
nati stands ready to ship direct from our factory.
it
99
Save
$30
Highest Award” Buggies Direct From His
Factory— Four Weeks* Road Trial — Sate
Delivery Insured— Two Years’ Guarantee
No buying a "cat in a bag” from “Murray." You select any
hide you Tike from our Big Style Book, we ship it on, and
vehicle _
you take’ it
your place for
trade, that’s
lug on ours. Ifye_ .. _
with the well known “Murray" Guarantee of Quality.
We Want Our 1911 Catalog In the
Home of Every Farmer in America.
_ _. _ 11 ga — u — _ _ — , —
If you decide to buy, we stand right behind you
The Wilber H. Murray M’Fg Co.
Dept. 308 Cincinnati, O
Page S3— Auto Seat Buggy—
An unusual Buggy Bargain. Seat and
general arrangement are exclusive. We
save you about $30 by selling direct from factory.
SUCCESS SPREADER
The only spreader with a 33-year record of good work. Simplicity, Durability
and Light Draft always foremost. Direct Chain Drive. No Cog Gears. The
choice of men w’ho investigate thoroughly. Wood or metal wheels. A generation
of experience back of every Success. The leader from the first. Exclusive features
all patented. Catalog of facts Free. Write us promptly.
Kemp & Burpee Company, Syracuse, N. Y.
1911.
THE KUKAL NEW-YORKER
” 609
The Importance of
Cooling Milk Properly
milk dealer. Heknowsthat
and thoroughly aerated,
longer. The
MiSk Cooler
willcoolm'lk to within
two degrees of water
temperature, absolute¬
ly removing every par¬
ticle of odor. It is well
made and durable, and
very reasonable in
price# Send for cata-
logucll., describing a
complete line of sup¬
plies for the dairy.
Dairymens Supply Co.
PHILADELPHIA AND
UNSDOWNE, P/U
“ONLY StURE REMEDY”
Gadsdon, Ala., Apr. 20, 1009.
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co.
Gentlemen: Please Bend me copy of your
TREATISE. X have been usingyour Spavin Cure
for 20 years, and And it Is tho only sure remedy.
It Is tho best liniment I can got for horso and
man. Yours truly, W.J. McBeo.
That tells the whole story, and it is the ex¬
perience that hundreds o£ thousands have had
in the past 40 years, and it’s the experience you
will have — “It is the only sure remedy” —
For Spavin, Ringbone, Curb,Splint,
Swellings and All Lameness
Sold By Druggists— 91.00 a Bottle, 6 hottlesfor
85.00. Keep It on hand always. Be ready for the
emergency. Kendall’s stops the pain, 6tarts the
circulation, penetrates and removes the cause
of thedlsorders. Ask for a free copy of “A Treat¬
ise on the Horse.” If not at dealers write to —
OR. B. J. KENDALL CO., Enosburg Falls, Vt.
S3 package^
will cure any case or
money refunded.
$1 PACKACE
cures ordinary cases.
Postpaid on receipt of
price. Agents Wanted.
W ri te for descriptive booklet. /
«' MINERAL
HEAVE
mMm. REMEDY
NEGLECT
Will Ruin
YourHorse1
Send today for
only
PERMANENT
SAFE
CERTAIN
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 fourth Avenue. Pittsburg, ft
PAYS
MORE MONEY
GIVES
MORE SATISFACTION.!
NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED
WITH LICE, TICKS, MITES, FLEAS,
SCAB, MANGE, AND OTHER SKIN
DISEASES.
TO CLEAN OUT THESE
PARASITES, GUARD AGAINST
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES,
CLEANSE, PURIFY, AND
DEODORIZE. U SE
k .y:,;
Kreso
Dip N«1
BETTER THAN OTHERS, BECAUSE, IT IS
STANDARDIZED,’
UNIFORM. DEPENDABLE, EFFICIENT. ONE
GALLON OF KRESO DIP NO.I MAKES 60
TO 100 6ALL0NS OF S0LUTI0N(DEPENDING
UPON WHAT USE IS TO BE MADE OF IT.)
A REAL NECESSITY ABOUT
H0RSES.CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE,
DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.
FOR SALE BV ALL DRUGGISTS.
WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK FOR LEAFLET
describing a new cement hog wallow, if you I
ARE INTERESTED.
PARKE, DAVIS&COj
^ I. , V\0EPARTMEKT OF ANIMAL
r •» ./V N V\ INDUSTRY.
Vk* ' ,Y\0\DETROIT,MICHV
1 n u.s.a.Y
RL
MILHL
The New York Exchange price is $1.51
per 40-quart can, netting three cents per
quart to shippers in the 26-eent freight zone
who have no additional station charges.
Milk generally sells at six cents per
quart. Some few sell it at five cents. There
are no wholesalers here. It is generally
sold in a retail way by farmers and in
towns. A few people keep cows and sell
their surplus. There is no peddling of milk.
Everybody goes after his own milk and those
who do not, do without. Poultry business
is all local. Chickens sell at 12 to 14 cents
per pound live weight. j. p. f.
New Washington, Pa.
Tub Folk v Milk Bill. — At the last regu¬
lar meeting of the directors of the Dairy¬
men’s League they wore unanimous in their
disapproval of the Foley Bill No. 375, As¬
sembly, which would establish a milk com¬
mission. Passing the doubtful constitution¬
ality of the bill, it is unnecessary and un¬
just and calls for an expenditure of a large
amount of money for purposes already pro¬
vided for. Why should milk ho singled out
from the many other food products and re¬
strictions placed upon tho retail price? The
inspection of the supply and distribution of
milk is already well provided for. The
standard of milk is already fixed by the
Legislature, which is responsible to the peo¬
ple, and why place it within the power of
the whims of any three men to overrule
those laws of the State?
The cut shows the Lo.v sanitary milk pail,
described by Professor Harding in Bulletin
S26 of the Geneva, N. Y., Experiment Sta¬
tion. In a 10-day test with the common
LOY MILK PAIL. Fig. 171.
open pail it was found that this covered
pail, with opening of tive by seven inches,
reduced the germ content of the milk at
least 60 per cent.
Milk has been 4% cents a quart this
Winter, and for the Summer 3% cents a
quart has been agreed upon. Milk goes
from here to Bridgeport, 12 miles, farmers
going half way and the peddler coming the
other half to meet them. The retailer gets
nine and 10 cents for it. Poultry is bring¬
ing from 17 to 18 cents a pound, live
weight, at the door. Eggs are 23-25 cents
wholesale and 30 cents retail. I myself
make butter, have done so for 20 years, and
I think, taking everything together, I do
about as well if not better than those who
Sell milk. Butter is 35 cents the year
around; then the buttermilk 2% cents a
quart, some skim-milk and cottage cheese,
it all helps to fill the bucket, and then we
can retail all our eggs, potatoes and fruit,
which by selling the milk at wholesale you
cannot do so well. I read about tarring
seed corn ; I don't tar the corn too long
before planting, or it will lose the smell,
and then the crows will pull it, tar and all.
Stepney, Conn. a. z.
NOTES FROM THE DAIRYMEN S LEAGUE.
The Dairymen’s League has made rapid
growth since the forming of the permanent
organization. The number of local branches
is about three times what they were at that
time. We now have branches in Sussex and
Warren Counties, N. J. ; Litchfield and
Fairfield Counties, Conn. ; Berkshire County,
Mass. ; Wayne County, Pa. ; Orange, Sulli¬
van, Ulster, Putnam, Dutchess, Columbia,
Rensselaer, Washington, Montgomery, Dela
ware, Schoharie, Greene, Otsego, Broome.
Chenango, Madison, Oneida, Onondaga, Cort¬
land. Chemung, Tompkins and Allegany
Counties, N. Y. It should be remembered It.
is a large organization covering a large Held
— the largest of any similar organization —
and like a long train it should not be ex¬
pected to start, off at full speed. It must
start slowly, be conservative, gain conces¬
sions gradually, but when under full speed
its momentum or power is wonderful, and a
rash or false move will wreck it. Every
milk producer should avoid surplussing the
market. Send the unprofitable cow to the
butcher’s block, for she only makes the sur¬
plus which tends to keep down the price of
the profitable cow. The league endorses toe
plan for each branch owning or controlling
its shipping station wherever possible. We
cannot expect to get something out and put
nothing in. It takes time, energy and a lit¬
tle incidental expense. Nothing can be
gained by retreat. It becomes more evi¬
dent each year that the milk producer must
work out his own salvation. The failure
and iu some cases the refusal of the dealer
to recognize the farmers in this business
transaction leaves the farmer the only alter¬
native to organize and act independently.
This is not as it should be in equity, and
from a business standpoint. The farmers
must join hands to protect their interests.
They need organization effectually to pro¬
mote or defeat legislation as it affects their
interests. Every milk producer should con¬
sider carefully the proposed reciprocity
treaty with Canada with respect to the re¬
moval of the duty on milk, cream, butter
and cheese, and its effect upon our market,
and then let their representatives m Con¬
gress hear from them.
albert manning. Secretary.
The Best Way To ConserveThe
Natural Resources 0 f \our Farm
YOUR land is your biggest asset. On its power to grow good
crops depends your very livelihood. What are you doing to
insure its continued fertility — your future prosperity?
There is a great national movement on foot now for “The
Conservation of Our Natural Resources.” Don’t think this ap¬
plies only to our forests and coal mines. The soil, too, has been
drained of its natural wealth by season after season of bumper
crops. 1’ or your own good, join the soil conservation
movement now. Begin on your own farm. There is a
practical, economical, profitable way. Invest in an
1 H C Manure Spreader
as hundreds of other farmers have done. By distribu¬
ting your manure with one of these efficient-machines
you can keep your land always in top-notch condition.
Barnyard manure is rich in the elements that enrich the
soil, and an I II C Manure Spreader enables you to
distribute it in the way to use all of it to the best
advantage. I H C Spreaders are so designed that
the manure can be spread in just the right amount
[required by the condition of the soil — a heavy coat
'where it is most needed — a light
top dressing where that is best.
PThey are simple and strong in
every part. Their dependability has
been proved by years of service.
I H C Spreaders are made in three styles :
Kemp 20th Century
Corn King Cloverleaf
in sizes suitable for any size farm.
Call on the I H C local dealer and see the one
best adapted to your needs. Ask him about the
bigger profits I H C Spreaders are bringing to
users. If you prefer, write direct fori H C Spreader
catalogue and full information.
International Harvester Company of America
(Incorporated!
Chicago _____ USA
I H C
Service Bureau
The purpose of
this Bureau is to
furnish farmers with
information on bet¬
ter farming. If you
have anyiaworthy
question concerning
soils, crops, pests,
fertilizer, etc,, write
to the I H C Service
Bureau, and learn
what our e x p er t s
and others have
found out concern¬
ing those subjects.
HI,
/
WL
A Remarkable Fuel Saving
Farm Engine 15 Days FREE
GASOLINE is way up now, from 6 to 16 cents more than kerosene, and is still soaring
The big automobile demand is responsible for it. What will you do if your engine
wont run on kerosene? Belter be on the safe side. Better own an engine tbat
will operata on either kerosene or gasoline.
Caille Perfection Motor Co., 211 Second Ave., Detroit. Mich
Record Breaking PERFECTION Kerosene Engine
Tlie PERFECTION does what no other engine can do. It vaporizes kerosene, drawing
alight mist through the carbureter so that it has the same force as gasoline in tho cylinder.
Tho Perfection is light, portable, lias only three moving parts, runs everything about
the place, operates on any engine fuel, is priced lower than others of the same size.
1 5 Davs’ Free Trial ^ou can ^avo one °* these engines for 15 days’ free trial.
Call on your dealer, ask him to show you tho “Perfec¬
tion." He’ll let you use one on your farm for 15 days and if you find that it is not as
represented, we will refund cheerfully every dollar paid for it by you. Ask for our
Free Engine Book or if your dealer does not carry the “Perfection" write to us direct.
JACOBSON
SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING
WATER TANK.
No Freezing No Overheating
No I.arge Water Tank
'Die Agency is available in some sections and
valuable in all.
JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO.
Ill Irvine Street Warren, Pa. ,
' ■ b ■ ■ ■ ^
CIRCULAR 44
THE PRESERVATION OF TIMBER
Ready for free distribution.
Contains considerable information on the simplest
and best means of preventing the decay of shingles,
porches, etc., as also details abont the cheapest
wood preserving paint for farm buildings. Send
ns a postal now.
CARBOLINEUM WOOD PRESERVING CO.
181 Franklin Street. New York, N. Y.
gasoline, distillate, any fuel oil, perfectly — without chang9
Cheapest, Safest, Simplest
POWER
for barn work, house work, mill work, dairy work, well
work, spraying, sawing, irrigation, electric lights, pumping.
Astonishing success. Moro power gallon for gallon. Hun¬
dred less parts. Patent throttle gives three engines for the
price of one. Catalog free — tells hot r
Doubleduty tank revolutionizes coolii
systems. Force feed lubricator — pe
feet oiling. Automobile muff'er.
Ball bearing governor. Starts in¬
stantly. No pre-heating No
crank. Experience unnec¬
essary Women can oper-
tate. Vibration eliinina-
ed. Quality high — prico
low. Comes complete.
Always hungry for
work— and thrives on it.
FREE TRIAL
No obligation till satis¬
fied. 10-year guarantee.
** Engine Facts' free
write for it MOW.
Ellis Engine Co.,
b! Mullet! St . 0LTR0IT. MICH
(rx)
610
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 15,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
During March we received 57 doubt¬
ful claims for collection from our people,
amounting to $1,845.30. Of these and
previous claims we collected 43, amount¬
ing to $722.81. The collections were
much smaller than for the month of
February,, though we actually collected
three more accounts in March than in
February. The inquiries for ratings
continue, and we are led to believe that
many of our people are taking greater
pains to look up references from other
sources before remitting money or ship¬
ping goods.
The Railroad Educational Association,
227 Monroe street, Brooklyn, N. Y., was
closed last week, and George H. Baker,
president, arrested on a charge of al¬
leged misuse of the mails. He was held
in $5,000 bail. The concern was adver¬
tising to instruct brakemen and firemen
for railroad positions, and guaranteed
to refund the fee of $15 to $20 charged
in case of failure of the applicant to get
work. The inspectors say they got com¬
plaints from men who took the course,
but were rejected by the railroads as
not qualified for the positions. The in¬
spectors say the concern took in $40,000
to $50,000 a year.
I appreciate your fine paper very highly
and heartily endorse your splendid fight for
parcels post and rural progress in every
direction. Many excellent articles have
been worth more than the subscription costs
for the whole year. Moreover, your war¬
fare on crooks, swindlers, parasites and
pirates that line up to catch the unwary
consumer and producer coming and going is
without parallel so far as I know in the
whole category of the agricultural press.
Pennsylvania. c. s. M.
We do not like the idea of having a
monopoly of this warfare on crooks.
We would welcome the help of every
publication of every kind in the country.
How little of it there would be if only
one paper in 10 took it up, is shown in
what one paper practically alone is able
to do.
Recent reports from St. Louis state
that E. G. Lewis and the Lewis Publish¬
ing Company were sued the last week of
March by the Laurentide Paper Com¬
pany for $12,000. A New York paper
house recently secured judgment against
them for about $5,000. Much of the
stock in the company is held by coun¬
try people, who were induced to accept
it on a seven per cent dividend guaran¬
tee in exchange for their share of the
proceeds of the defunct Lewis bank.
Stock certificates to the amount of $2,-
300,000 were printed up for the occa¬
sion, and later on 18 per cent dividend
declared, but not paid. Some acute
mind will ask if the dividend was de¬
clared to stimulate the sale of stock.
Your guess is as good as ours.
By request I ask your opinion of the
Royal Register of the Genealogical Publish
ing Company. Metropolitan Life Building.
New York City. is there anything to it
except the dollar for book of advertisements
of heirs to fortunes in the Old World ?
Missouri. d. E. E.
If there were no greater danger of
loss to dupes of legacy lawyers than the
cost of a dollar book, the game would
not be worked as industriously as it is.
The scheme always is to get you inter¬
ested ; and then make you believe a for¬
tune awaits you, if you put up some ad¬
vance money to get it. Usually they ap¬
peal to the cupidity of their dupe. They
know it is the person who is not en¬
titled to the alleged fortune who is most
likely to fall victim to the scheme.
Schemers are always after the fellow
who wants to get something for
nothing; or who is willing to share in
a plunder. If you are willing to beat
others, they reason they can beat you.
The New York Novelty Publishing
Company, 1182 Broadway and 344 Fifth
Avenue, New York City, has been re¬
ferred to in this column, and a word of
caution expressed to our subscribers. At
the time of our expose Ira A. Milleron,
the promoter, disappeared, but appeared
in Chicago under the name of the Lin¬
coln Publishing Company with a similar
scheme. Pie was brought back to New
York and lodged in the Tombs Prison
in want. of bail on a charge of using the
mails for fraudulent purposes. This
scheme was principally worked on school
teachers. The promise was to send a
number of classical illustrated books at
three cents. Many orders containing
money orders and checks were received
from thousands of teachers all over the
country, and from the pupils in the
schools, as the proposition was an un¬
heard-of bargain. It is alleged that Mil¬
leron pocketed the money and never
bothered to acknowledge receipt of it,
nor, of course, to send the books. It
was a complaint of this kind that first
called our attention to it.
In the trial and conviction of W. P.
Harrison, of Columbus, on a charge of
using the mails to defraud the Post
Office Department has secured definite
rulings on two important features of
the mail-order business. The first is
that the advertisements and circulars
used to promote the sale must not
grossly misrepresent the article to be
sold. A little exaggeration is accounted
for in the enthusiasm of the salesman,
but the jury evidently set limits to the
claims a manufacturer may safely make
in excess of the real merits of the goods.
The second point settled is that when
goods are sold through the mail on a
guarantee to return the money if not
satisfactory on trial, the refund must
be made promptly or within a reasonable
time. Mr. Harrison’s concerns were no¬
torious for the violation of both of these
rules. The goods were described in the
most extravagant and sensational lan¬
guage ; and when demand followed for
refund, the “tire out” process was re¬
sorted to, and the customer had to earn
the money all over again to get it re¬
turned. It was for these reasons that
The R. N.-Y. refused their advertising
some years ago. When complaint was
made to us we always got the money —
in time; but many people got tired and
disgusted and let the complaint drop
after writing a few letters. Of course
that was just what the concern wanted
to effect from the start. Mr. Harrison
was not the only offender. There are
some others in the same line working
the same game. But this decision makes
a valuable precedent, and convictions in
the future will be easier and more cer¬
tain. It is to be hoped that some of the
papers will take a hint, and refuse ad¬
vertising space to concerns of this class.
Mr. Harrison was convicted on two
counts and sentenced to pay a fine of
$1,000 and to spend three years in a
Federal prison. The Government is do¬
ing good work. J. J. D.
Big News For Incubator Buyers
The famous Belle City Incubator
wins the “ Tycos ” Cup Contest over
machines costing 2 to S times as
‘much— making it the Double World’s
Champion. And winner raised over
97 per cent of chicks. Order Now.
Get in champion class. Order direct
from this advertisement to get early
start. Hundreds of others do. I guar-
antee satisfaction. Read remark-
abtt offer below. J. V. Rohan, President.
^pi gg Buys the Best
£ 140-
* Egg
Incubator
/ Ever Made
t $4.85 Buys the Best Brooder
Both Incubator and Brooder, ordered together
cost but $11.50— Freight Prepaid (E. ol Rockies).
The Belle City Incubator has double walls
and dead air space all over, copper tank, hot-
water heat, sel£- regulator, thermometer, egg
tester, safety lamp, nursery,, high legs,
double door. The Bello City Brooder is the
only double-walled brooder made, hot-water
heat, platform, metal lamp. No machines
at any price are better.
Satisfaction Guaranteed
Write for our book to¬
day, or send the price
now and save waiting.
X 40-Chick Brooder V- Rohan , President.
Belle City Incubator Co.. B©*48 ’ Racine. Wis.
M POULTRY SUPPLIES
Everything for the poultryman at low prices; Auto,
matic Feeders, Hall Mammoth and Model Incuba¬
tors. Feed, Remedies, Hcti-e-ta, Rat Corn, Liverine.
LegBands.etc. Prompt shipments. Write forcatalog.
HARRIES & BENEDICT CO. 67BNAeacvLoArYkST'
100 Thoroughbred S. C. White Leghorn Pullets and
Yearling Hens, also four cockerels; all for $100; half
are laying now. T.H.Mettler, East Millstone, N.J.
Golden &, Silver Laced Wyandottes VST
Best egg strain. Swart Mercantile Co.. Margaretville, N.Y.
REDS EXCLUSIVELY
Eggs from Handsome Dark Matings, $2.00 for 13;
$8.00 per 100. From Utility Heavy Layers, $1.00 for
13; $4. .10 per 100.
O V K It I. O O K P OCLT It Y FARM
Tel. 59-4 Foxboro, Mass:
S. C. White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
yearlings and 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCRESI
POULTRY FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
White Wyandottes-V‘‘"&S“*1JS
range. Eggs: $5.00 per 100, $1.00 for 15.
0. H. FOGG, R. F. D. No. 3, Bridgeton, N. J.
BUFF WYANDOTTES
per 15; $5.00 per 100. H. L. C00LIDGE, Hudson, Mass.
WHITEWYANDOTT E S“|“veSfjieln0nbrerda by
me for 12 years. Large, fine birds, splendid layers.
Have been winning for 5 years. Eggs, high fertility,
100. $5.00. Sitting,$l .00. WILLIAM 0. BURR, Fairfield, Conn.
Barred Plymouth BockiSKSTiKK:
raised birds. Great laying strain, $1.25 per 15;
$4.50 per 100. CHAS. T. DOWNING, West Chester, Pa.
AND UPWARD
SENT ON TRIAL.
FULLY
GUARANTEED.
— AMERICAN —
SEPARATOR
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily
cleaned, perfect skimming separator for $15.95.
Skims warm or cold milk. Makes thick or thin
cream. Thousands in use giving splendid satis¬
faction. Different from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity machines. The bowl
is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest
improvements. Our richly illustrated catalog
tells all about it. Our wonderfully low prices on
all sizes and generous terms of trial will astonish
you. We sell direct to user. No agents. Our
guarantee protects you on every American Sepa¬
rator. Western orders filled from Western points.
Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great
offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS,
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO., bAinbborLg0e75n. y
Simple, self-regulating, complete.
Guaranteed to hatch every hatchabla
egg. Sold on 40 days trial with money
back in case of failure. 150,000 in use.
If your dealer doesn’t keep them write to us. We’ll send
you our catalogue and two books, " Making Money the
Buckeye Way” and “51 Chicks from 50 Eggs,” Free.
THE BUCKEYE INCUBATOR CQ„ 508 W, Eueiid Avenue, Springfield, Ohio.
Bulldsrs ol Buokeye Portable Poultry Houses
Sold Cheaper Than You Can BuHd Them.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or line granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKE LLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y
Farmers and Poultrymen.
You must not blame us if occasionally our en¬
thusiasm bubbles over when speaking of our cus¬
tom hatching department as carried on by our
experts in our mammoth hot water incubator.
Results are showing people all over the country
that we know our business by saving them time,
worry and money, and giving them stronger chicks
than the old lien or kerosene oil fume incubators
ever did. You send ns the eggs— we’ll do the rest —
do it right and sonti yon the chicks. Write for in¬
formation and prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM, Millerton, N. Y.
Indian Runner Ducks, S. C, White Leghorns
Eggs for Hatching. Send for Circular.
F. J. FULLER, Waterport, Orleans County, Now York
neCO— Guaranteed fertile; from range -grown
LU 00 stock that pay large pi ofits at the egg basket
MAPLE COVE POULTRY FARM . . R, D. 24, Athens, Pa.
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors of
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH HOCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS,
Our Prices Hatching Eggs— S. C. White Leghorns— One
setting, 15 eggs, $2; two settings, 30 eggs, $3.50;
three settings, 45 eggs, $4.75; one hundred eggs, $8;
one thousand eggs, $70. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C.
Black Orpingtons— One setting, 15 eggs, $2.50 and $5;
one hundred eggs, $14 and $28. Fertility Guaranteed.
Our Prices Baby Chicks — S. C. White Leghorns— Fifty or
less, each, 20 cents; one hundred, $15; one thousand,
$125. White Plymouth Rocks and S. C. Black Orpingtons—
Fifty or less, each, 30 cents: one hundred, $25, We
guarantee safe arrival of CHICKS in first-class
condition.
HIGHLAND FARMS, Frederick, Md.
Bonnie Brae White Leg-
horns and Pekin Ducks e&nMS
iiwiiiw Him ■ w strains now
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth liocks, Hose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, 'Single and Hose Comb
Khode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHER.
Single and Hose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Hocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $'.’ up.
Chicks, $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ' ducklings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CAHL W. LLOYD, Mgr.,
Hillside. Westchester County. N. Y.
THE FARMER’S FOWL— Hose Comb Reds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Itoute 1, Hichland, N. Y.
WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
for 100. Baby Chix, $12.50 for 100; $7.00 for 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
nfllll TDYMCM- Send 10 cents for our flne60-
I U U L I 11 I IY1 LIi page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties,
Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1; 40, $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa.. Route 3.
FARM BRED POULTRY-FREE RANGE
Partridge Cochins, White Rocks, Barred
Hocks, Partridge Wyandottes. Prize win¬
ning strains. Send for egg list.
MINCII BROS. , R-3, Bridgeton, N. J.
SNOW WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
$5 per 100. A few good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOLDENROD FARM, Dept. R, Stewartstow-u, Pa.
EGGS— $1 per 15. $2 per 40 of Thor. Braliniae. Hocks, Wjrsn-
ilotles, Beils, Minorca*, llolulaiis, Leghorns, Hamhurgs; 19 var,,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Coopersburg, Pa.
THE BEST S. C. REDS
. . . ARE . . .
DAVIS’ 200 EGG STRAIN
Utility . $1 per 13; $G per 100
Special Matings ... $2 per 13; $10 per 100
_ Prize Matings .... $5 per 13; Mammoth
Hot Water Incubator Baby Chicks .... $15 per 100
Book Orders Now Circular Free
DAVIS POULTRY FARM, Berlin, Mass.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. E. VAN ALSTVNE, Kinderliook, N.Y.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A b reeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
js. c. w. leoxiounts
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM. Box Y, HAVRE BE GRACE, Maryland.
“THREE COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES
O- e , , Combine more of beauty and utility than
A K o any breed today. Right there with the
eggs every time. Stock and Hatching Eggs. Free illus¬
trated Mating List of winners. Address
RALPH WOODWARD, Box 28. Grafton, Mass.
IJUFF WYANDOTTES, heavy laying strain,
$1.25 and $2.00 per set of la; also Single Comb
White Leghorns at $1.00 per set of 15. Also for ex¬
change. SUNNY HILL FARM, Nursery Ave. .Woonsocket, R. I.
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Orchard Poultry Farm,
A. P. & C. A. Rogers,
Bergen, New York.
Utility Vitality
S. C. WHITE LEGHORN BABY CHICKS
Blanchard strain hatching eggs; prices reasonable.
JAMES GOODMAN. New Ringgold, Pa.
Eggs For Hatching-!';,,,',,;,
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock-
utility, show or export. SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Dill I CTQ— S. C. W. LEGHORNS— Booking orders
* ULLt I O future delivery. Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds for prompt shipment. Limited
number choice breeders. Lakewood and Youngs
strains. SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N. J.
BARRED ROCKS; S. C. REDS; large,
vigorous layers; $1.00 for 15, $5.00 per 100,
J. It. ELLIS : : : : Pulaski, N. Y.
Dfllll TDV~35 Be®1 Breeds. Bred for Laying.
|UUL I 11 I Large circular illustrated in colors
Free. JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, S. C. H I Bed-
Eggs. 90c. per 15, $1 .50 per 30. $2.75 per 60, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
I EGGS $1.00 — leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
Win’s s c R
do lav
I. REDS— Bred to lay and they
Egvs $1.50 per 15, $0.00 per 100.
FINE QUALITY ORPINGTONS, black and white. Owens’
and Cook’s strains. $2 and $3 per sitting. $10
per 100. REV. J.'D. GRAHAM, Lyonsville, Mass.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Black Langshau Eggs for
I sale. J. GORDON DRA KE, Port Huron, Mich.
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios.
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, WeedsPokt, N. Y.
'ILD AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS-Chicken Eggs Hand-
- some Catalog 2 ct-
imp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moiiii-
n. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville, Pa.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
oil
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, April 15, 1911.
FARM TOriCS.
The King Road Drag . 4S9,
Corn After Vetch .
Alfalfa Growing in Michigan .
The Story of a Canning Factory...
The Joy in “Back to the Band'...
A Large Crop of Clover Hay .
Growing Seed of Hairy Vetch .
How to Use Lime .
Corn Smut and Seed Corn .
Corn Notes .
Potato Situation .
Tar on Seed Corn .
Corn Growing in Illinois .
Flowing Clover: Flint Corn .
Champion Potato Diggers .
Dope Farm Notes .
490
490
490
490
490
491
491
491
492
192
402
492
493
493
493
498
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.60
Middling Gulf . 14.85
New Orleans, Low Middling . 13.87
Good Middling . 14.70
WOOL
NewYork Fleeces, Delaine. unwashed.. .24 © .25
Ohio half blood combing . 25 © .27
Kentucky, three-eighths blood . 25 © .2654
Micnigan. half blood . 25 @ .26
TOBACCO.
Conn. broadleaf-Hller . 08 © .10
Fine wrppcs . 50 @ .60
N. Y. State Fillers . .05 @ .06
Fine and Selections . 12 @ .16
Ohio Zimmer s Spanish . 19 @ .20
Virginia Dark Lugs . 07 @ .0954
Dark Loaf . 10 @ .20
Bright Cutters . 12 @ .30
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
That Celebrated Guernsey Case. No. I..
The Virginia Hen Contest .
Testing a Holstein Cjw .
Live Stock in Ohio .
I>ame Pigs .
Mr. Taylor’s Side of the Guernsey Cow
Case .
The Woman Hen Farmer .
The Houdan Birds .
That Cow-Hen Controversy .
Express Rates on Eggs .
Feather Fulling .
Blood Spots in Eggs .
Those .$12 Hens .
A Chicken Law .
Milk .
The Foley Milk Bill .
Sanitary Milk Pail .
Notes from the Dairymen's League....
HORTICULTURE.
Failure of Peach Buds .
Pecan Trees in Kansas .
Dry Bordeaux .
Lime-Sulphur and Arsenates .
Cow Manure for a Hotbed . .
The Fruit Outlook .
Educational Horticulture in Virginia.,
New Plan of Tomato Growing . .
Who Produced the Abundance Plum?.
Is Oldenburg Apple Self- Fertile .
Flora of Puget Sound .
504
504
504
504
504
506
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
509
509
509
509
492
49.3
493
494
494
495
496
497
499
499
499
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 502
Doughnuts and Crullers . 502
More About Fudge . 503
Ferns from the Woods . 503
Chopped Horseradish . 503
The Rural Patterns . 503
MISCELLANEOUS.
Cheap Paint . 493
Products, Prices and Trade . 496
Editorials . 500
Publisher's Desk . 510
MARKETS.
( Continued from page 507.)
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Mushroom market improved. Tomatoes
and cucumbers dull.
encumbers, best, doz . 75 © 1.00
Common to good . 50 @ .60
Musnrooms, lb . 20
Radishes, UK) bunches . 2.00
Rhubarb, doz bunches . 25
Tomatoes, )b . 05
© .40
@ 2 75
.65
.10
©
©
LIVE POULTRY
There is an active demand for fat fowls,
ducks and geese for the Hebrew Passover
holidays.
Chickens, lb . 14 © .15
Fowls . 18 © .19
Boosters . 09 66 .10
Ducks . 16 06 .18
Geese . 09 © .10
Turkeys . 12 © .14
DRESSED POULTRY-— Fresh Killed
Fowls and fancy broilers in moderate
supply and market firm.
Turkeys. Fancy . 19 @ 20
Commoii to Good . 16 @ .18
Chickens, fancy broilers, lb . 35 @ .40
Broilers, common to good . 25 © .30
Fowls . 14 @ .16
Squabs, doz . 1.75 @4.75
DRESSED POULTRY-FROZEN
Roosters, ducks and geese very dull ;
fowls firm.
Turkeys, best .
©
.23
Chickens, milk-fed broilers .
. 22
©
.25
©
.22
Milk-fed roasters .
. 17
©
.18
Corn-fed roasters .
©
.16
Fowls .
©
.15
Ducks, best .
66
.17
Common to good .
. 13
66
.15
Geese .
@
.12
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Receipts of calves are large and trade
dull. Hothouse lambs very plentiful and
running low in quality.
.10
&
.ii
.08
@
.09
1.00
‘a
6.00
(<jb
.10
.117
fa)
.08 h>
.14
©
.17
zerj
firm ;
Medium to heavy .
Roasting Pigs, lb .
HAY AND 8TRAYV
Choice Timothy and clover
lower grades dull.
Hay, No. 1, ton . 20.00 © 21.00
No. 2 . 18.00 66 19.00
No. 3 . 14.00 © 16.00
Clover Mixed . 12.00 © 18 00
Clover . 11.00 © 16.00
Straw, Rye . 9.00 © 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 © 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Most of the native steers and cows offered
are low grade and hard to sell. Calves
scarce ; medium and upper grades selling
well. Demand for lambs active.
Native Steers. 100 lbs . 6.25 @ 6.65
Oxen and Stags . 4.50 © 5.25
C°ws . 2.40 @ 5.00
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 6.00 @ 8.25
C»6s . 4.00 © 5.50
Sheep, 100 lbs . 4.00 @ 4.50
Lambs . 6.00 © 7.30
Hogs . . @7.50
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.05 © ...
No. 2, Red . 93 © ...
No. 1 Macaroni . 95 @
Corn, as to quality, bush . 49 ©
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @
Kye . . @
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 26.25 © 27.75
Standard Middlings . 27.00 © 28.00
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop . 21.50 © 22.70
Linseed Meal . 34.50 @ 35.00
Corn Meal . 23.00 © 24.00
.53
.38
.80
Spring-halt.
ricase let me know what causes a horse
to have the spring-halt and if these is any
cure for it? s. J. B.
New York.
In some cases the peculiarity in action is
the result of a nervous disorder (chorea or
St. Vitus dance) ; in others it comes from
accident, or overstrain. The former type of
the trouble usually is incurable ; peroneal
tenotomy often succeeds in the other cases
and always is worth trying if an expert sur¬
geon can be employed. It consists in sev¬
ering the peroneal tendon below the hock
joint a. s. a.
Pawing.
I have a horse which continually paws the
floor while in the stable. I do not under¬
stand the cause of it. What can I have
done to prevent his pawing? k. D.
New York.
See that the horse is worked every day or
turned out for abundant exercise and that
he is fed regularly. If the stall floor is not
bedded and horse has to stand on it all day
bo may not care to urinate, and that would
induce pawing. Give him a box stall and
bed with shavings. Constipation, or worms,
also cause pawing and have to he treated.
If the habit continues when possible causes
are removed, hobbles may be put on fore
feet. a. s. a.
Pigs Dying.
1. Can you tell what the matter is with
two weeks old pigs when they breathe with
difficulty? This noisy breathing, or heaves,
is increased when they exercise. They take
little food and do not grow much. Three
out of 10 have died since they were two
weeks old, the last being five weeks old.
The sow is not fat, hut has been well fed
through tlie Winter, and her grain has been
increased since the pigs were born. The
ration consists of mixed feed and ground
oats and peas and a small amount of corn-
meal, with a sufficient amount of separator
milk. She had also lime, charcoal, salt and
clover hay. 2. What causes dysentery in
cows at this time of year? Is it due
to feeding Red-top hay? The excreta be¬
comes very soft. The trouble lasts about
two days with each animal. The cows
shrink in milk during this time, hut gain
again when it is over. c. J. s.
Vermont.
1. Dust from the bedding is a very com¬
mon cause, as it induces fatal pneumonia.
Dusty and chaffy oat straw often used for
bedding is a fertile source of such troubles.
Shredded corn fodder makes a safe bed for
new-born pigs. Overfeeding and lack of ex¬
ercise are the cause of “thumps,” which
may he the disease present. Make the sow
take lots of exercise before farrowing and
as soon as possible after farrowing, and do
not feed heavily. Then the pigs will not be
likely to suffer. 2. Indigestion from moldy
or otherwise spoiled food or some unusual
food may be suspected as the cause. Such
cause will have to be determined and re¬
moved. Feeding cotton-seed meal tends to
check scours at time of changing hay or
turning on Spring grass. a. s. a.
Cars of all makes bought and sold.
“Hints to Buyers and SeHers”mailedFree.
20th CENTURY AUTOMOBILE CO.
246 West 49th, near Broadway, New York
BAR6AINS
FOR SALE — Eureka PotatoPlanter.little used, with
fertilizer attachment; two-horse, one-row machine
in good condition. Two 360-egg Cyphers Incubators,
1907 model, cheap. Marcus M. Browne, Marlboro, Mass.
JOHN C. QUICK CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 34 JAY STREET, NEW YORK
POULTRY FARM EGGSoUR SPECIALTY.
QUICK Returns Our Motto. Established 1855
SHIP YOUR CONSIGNMENTS
- TO -
GEO. OLIVER & COMPANY
Established 1SSO
COMMISSION MERCHANT8
WEST WASHINGTON MARKET. NEW YORK, N. Y.
PROMPT RETURNS
Hothouse Lambs.
Calves, Poultry, Fancy Eggs, Hothouse Products,
Fruits, Vegetables. Top prices secured for choice
goods. Correspondence solicited.
Archdeacon & Co., 100 Murray St., N. Y.
Boston Produce Co.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St.,
Boston.
GKOjP. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN U ETC D I II 1 fl 1/ IIIBTRIIUPItTA
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO., VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS
This Dain Loader
Solves the Haying Problem
As the haying season draws near, even
though hired help is scarce and the
weather threatening, you won't need to
worry if you have a Dain Loader. For with
a Dain you can get your hay onto your
wagons in quick order. It’s a real loader,
not a mere hay elevator. The Dain has a
force delivery that puts the hay well for¬
ward on the wagon where one man can
easily handle it. There is no return
carrier to drag the hay off.
The Dain is the one loader for which
apologies or excuses need never be made.
Its mechanical principles are perfect. It
is fractical down to the smallest details.
By the overlapping stroke of the rakes,
the ground is practically raked twice,
gathering the hay cleanly. The hay is
picked up so gently that the tender leaves
are unharmed and the stalks unbroken.
The Dain is the lightest draft loader;
All loaders claim lightest draft. The
actual test with the dynamometer — the
instrument that registers draft— troves the
Dain is lightest draft. How far it excels
other loaders in every way you can readily
sec by reading these
Dain Points of Superiority
Geared properly to rake cleanly
and run easily
No long, crooked crank shaft!
operated Ly swinging pitmans
Force delivery shoves the hay
well forward on load
No return carrier to drag hay off
load
Saves one man’s labor over other
types of loaders
Supported entirely upon wheels;
runs most easily
Elevating parts hammock
mounted
Hinged tongue for coupling with
any height wagon
Patent ed hinged board at bottom
to turn up for windrow
Nine gathering rakes, each inde¬
pendent. Can be set any distance
from the ground
Geared to insure greatest liny-
gathering efficiency
Hinged apron guides hay to load
and prevents blowing off
Caster wheels In rear permit
short turns
Wheels set under machine; works
close to fence
Made of the best materials by
hay tool specialists
In addition to making this loader, we
make the best hay tool for every purpose;
Mowers, Side Delivery Rakes,
Stackers, Sweep Rakes, Presses, etc.
Investigate our complete line. They’re
all remarkably simple, efficient, and dur¬
able— all the llnished product of 28 years
of specialized hay tool experience. Con¬
sult the nearest Dain dealer and write us
for details of the machines you’re inter¬
ested In. We’ll also send you free, a
copy of “All About Hay,” the most
practical and valuable book on the sub¬
ject ever written. Write today.
AIN MFG. CO.
) 802 VINE STREET
OTTUMWA, - IOWA
s@§i Ml
1™MI
Shoe Boils, Capped
Hock, Bursitis
are hard to cure, yet
AB$
will remove them and leave no blem¬
ish, Does not blister or remove'
the hair. Cures any puff or swelling. Horse can
be worked. $2.00 per bottle.delivered.Book 6 D free.
ABSORBINE, JR-, (mankind, $1.00 bottle.)
For Boils, Bruises, Old Sores, Swellings, Goitre,
Varicose Veins, Varicosities. Allays Pain.
VI. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
Sound Horses
made and kept sound the world
over by
IlHNN’S
v* OINTMENT
Note the sign. Price $ 1 .00 per
Bottle. Of druggists or by mail.
Testimonials free for the asking.
W. B. Eddy & Co., Whitehall, N.Y.
Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COUNTRY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Ber
ries Butter, Eggs, Ciieese, Poultry. Mushrooms
and Hot house Products a Specialty. Consignments
solicited. 34 «& 36 Little lath ,8t„ New York.
P'OR SALE— Farm of 150 acres, 13-room house,
x three barns, other outbuildings, fruit, R. F. D.
and telephone. Price $2,200; $1,000 cash, the balance
on time. HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Owego,
Tioga County, New York.
(Trocars, Hopples, Impregnators)
for Horses, Cattle, Swine, Poultry,
Etc. Received only award World’s
Fairs Chicago, St. Louis. Write for
Illustrated Catalogue HAUSMANN 8
DUNN 00.. 392 So. Clark St.. CHICAGO, ILL.
tjf) APfP<\ ‘SPLENDID LAND with good build-
iuu mil co ings and 12 acres apples in Wayne
County, N. Y. Catalog of 100 others free.
NORTHERN REALTY CO., Syracuse. N. Y.
F
Roofing For
An» Building
_ Slate— which you see on all substan¬
tially constructed buildings— on roofs i
of Schools, Churches, Club Houses and '
other Public Buildings; which you admire for its*
appearance and lasting service— is easy and inexpen¬
sive to use on your home, barn or out-buildings.
Sea Green and Purple
Roofing Slate
is never affected by climatic changes— it cannot warp,
crack, splinter, rust or decay. It is the only roofinpr that
1 never needs paint or repairs; that will outlast
I the building upon which It is laid.
Sea Green and Purple Roofing Slate improves
r your property, lowers fire insurance costs, in¬
sures pure, clean cistern water; is ten times
better than galvanized iron; wears three times
longer than copper, (which costs moro than
slate); wears ten times longer than shingles
and four times longer than tin.
Don’t allow tho misleading low first cost of
cheap roofings keep you from having a roof of
slate which lasts forever.
rreo Booklet Upon Request
I Our booklet “Roofs’* contains many valu-
\ able hints on roofing that every home owner <
and builder should know about. Simply
tell us the name of your nearest roofer and
your copy will bo mailed free.
The American Sea Green Slate Co.
Roofs That Never Wear Out ”
110 Clark Street
Granville, N.Y.
Yorkshire Pigs From Registered Stock
LOUIS A. HOLT, North Andover, Mass.
Bred fg J^gy Dustin Strain W. Wyandottes and
$1.00 per 15.
Parks Strain Barred Roci-s. Eggs,
H. R. STARNER, Corning, N. Y.
S. C. W, LEGHORN EGGS FOR HATCHING
15 for $1.50, $7.00 per 100.
‘ ch
old hen*, $2.00,
If nv>re than foui
Baby Chicks, 15c. each
Pens headed by choice cockerels direct from D. W.
Young. E. M. YOUNG, Edenville, N. Y.
BABY CHICKS— Single Comb White Leghorns,
Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds, 10c and 12c each.
Strong and livable. From vigorous free range stock,
bred for utility and standard qualities. Safe delivery
guaranteed. WESLEY GR1NNELL, Sodus, N. Y.
S.C. WHITE LEGHORNIS
Cockerels, $l.r»oj ** ’ '
chicks, 8c. each,
chicks are dead
to each 100 you
buy, when
reaching your
express office, I
will make good
the loss. Cata¬
log about chick „ —
feeding and diseases fiee.
C. M. Lauver. Box 73, Richfield, Pa.
S. C W*UTE LEGHORNS, Barred Plymouth flocks,
, 7. * Mammoth White Pekin Ducks, Stock
hatchingeggs, chicks, ducklings. Circular Est.1904
Abovo Poultry Farm, Chatham, Morris Co. N. J.
C P RUFF ORPINGTON EGGS S1.50 and 53.00-Setting
O. U. u run of pens $10.00 per 100. Satisfaction
guaranteed. EZRA C. LEHMAN. Sharon Sprinos, N. Y.
SINGLE COMB WHITE 0RPINCT0NS
Kellerstrass strain. Eggs for hatching, $3.00 per
15; from prize winning stock. W. A. KAISER,
_ 2703 Jamaica Ave., Richmond Hill, L. I.
Cfif}Q~KVKKK1> PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
L U UO Mammoth Bronze Turkeys, Pearl Guineas,
„ T, . ABh Tndian Runner Ducks. Write for
Free Price List. POPLAR LAWN FARMS. West Falls, U. Y.
RIANT RRRN7F TURKEY EGGS, $3.00 per
UIHI1I DnUllLL 10; Rose Comb R. I. Red
Eggs, $1.00 per 15: Indian Runner Duck Eggs. $1 00
per 10. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.
H. J. VAN DYKE, Gettysburg, Pa.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS ! WS
dottes, Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.50, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas, $2.00, 15 Cat-
alog gratis. F. M, PRESCOTT, Riverdaie, N. J;
KEAN’S WHITE WYANDOTTES
Bred for large size, heavy laying and fancy pur¬
poses. Eggs, $1.00 per setting; $5.00per 100, for re¬
mainder of season. Address
E. FRANKLIN KEAN .... Stanley, N. Y.
Him Lake Poultry Farm
WliiteWyandotte Chicks, $12 per 100. Eggs,»5per 100.
WHITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Thor-
oughbred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
of large white eggs; muted with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 15; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu¬
bator eggs. Cherry Hill Farms, Pittstown. N. J.
WYCKOFF- BLANCHARD strains Single-Comb
White Leghorns, $1.25 setting. Heavy laying
Rose-Comb Black Minorcas, $1.50 setting. Circular
HIGH RIDGE POULTRY FARM, Laurel. MiY
WHITE ORPINGTONS, Cook strain; Eggs for hatching,
" 8'2'per 15; Cockerels, $3 each ; Mammoth Pekin
Duck Eggs, $1 per 12. WAVERLEY FARMS. Haymarket. Va.
WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY
Free range, extra good winter laying strain, $1 00 p<
15 eggs; $5.00 per 100. F. CYRUS TWINING, Pineville, P
FARM SUPT. OR WORKING MANAGER, Ger-
A man, 47, married, wants position on Grain and
Dairy Farm; good reference and experience.
A. JENDRICKE, Elmsforii, N. Y.
ier
For Sale-400 Acres
R.R. Alfalfa soil, fine timber, splendid water power*
M. Williams, 1317 East Genesee, Syracuse, N. Y.
17 miles from Syracuse,
near Ontario & Western
Wanted — Young Man and sister on poultry farm:
best references. Poultry, P. O.. Paterson, N. J.
DLL ASK send a trial shipment to tho Oldest Com-
* mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter
Eggs, Poultry, Pork, Calves, Hay, Grain. Beans!
Apples, etc. E. II. WOODWARD, 302 Greenwich 8t., N.Y.
JELLIFFE. WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York,
Poultry, Eggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
612
the RURA.E NEW-YORKER
April 15, 1911.
Guarantee
of the running gear to be made
Ot triple A grade Straight /
\ Grained Split Hickory — the //
\ same grade exactly as //
iJl this spoke which I send //
w \ unpainted as a sample /jp
ipPa of the material used / J'
with every buggy //
Try
This
Buggy
-30
Day
Free
Road
PERHAPS you are afraid there is a chance of being
dissatisfied? Maybe you. think there maybe some
mistake — that you wouldn’t get the buggy you want —
or that it’s a complicated transaction? Perhaps
the dealer in your town has led you to believe
you will be cheated, or that you can’t save
money? Let us tell you something! Buying
from a factory by mail through this adver¬
tisement of Phelps, maker of Split Hickory
Vehicles, is the safest, most economical,
easiest and most satisfactory way. You
get just the Buggy you want, made to order
—just as you want it. You can’t run the
slightest risk. First, because Phelps and his
big factory are behind every claim he
makes. Second, because every paper,
in which he advertises, knows him to
be responsible, knows he fulfills every
statement he makes and that he protects
their subscribers, or they wouldn’t run
his advertisements.
it Hickory
Vehi '
All trade-marked Vehicles— Phelps is proud of his buggies. He stands back of them.
You'll be proud to own a Split Hickory Vehicle — the highest grade that’s made. Auto
Seat Buggies, Runabouts, Surreys, Carriages, Driving Carts, Spring Wagons, etc.
Phelps puts the best materials into his buggies — triple A grade straight grained Hickory
in wheels and running gear. Why consider any other buggy? Phelps gives you the most
for your money in every part — in workmanship as well as material.
When you get your buggy you get a sample spoke unpainted. Phelps guarantees every
wheel to be made of the same straight grained second growth Shellbark Hickory as the sample spoke.
You can’t afford not to know about the buggies Phelps makes — and his big money saving
proposition. Save $25 to $75 on your buggy according to the style of vehicle you buy. Send for
the book that tells you about this big saving.
Manufacturer of Trade-Marked
Split Hickory Vehicle*
Phelps Free Buggy I
Book For 1911
It’s his only salesman. No dealer or middleman
of any kind has ever had a cent’s profit on a single one
of the 125,000 vehicles Phelps has sold on this plan.
He has taken off the price all of these profits and given
them to his customers. This buggy book is a big dis¬
play room showing 125 styles of vehicles of every kind.
More than you could find in ten big towns or 25
dealers’ stores.
In this Book for 1911 he takes one of his Vehicles
and tears it all to pieces in a lot of photographs, show¬
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part of a buggy — how it should be made — what it should
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Why not get acquainted with this method of doing
business? Why not get acquainted with Phelps? The
book doesn’t cost you anything — he sends it free.
You are under no obligations to buy. All of his Vehi¬
cles are sold subject to 30 days’ free road test — with a
two years’ guarantee. You should have his proposition.
You need the book as a reference on buggies. Why
not write a postal for it today?
H. C. PHELPS, President
The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co.
Station 290, Columbus, Ohio
Largest Factory in the World Selling Vehicles Direct to Consumer.
125 Styles of
Vehicles of Every
Kind. A Postal Brings
This Book FREE
Have You Ever
Mail?
Bought a Buggy 2
Vol. LXX. No. 4095.
NEW YORK, APRIL 22, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
HOW TO PRUNE FRUIT TREES.
Open Center on Pacific Coast.
We are preparing a series of articles which will show
just how practical fruit growers prune a tree. These re¬
ports will come from various parts of the
country, for we have found that the practice
varies greatly with different conditions.
The first report comes from Oregon — writ¬
ten by Mr. W. Iv. Newell :
Pruning a tree, like training a child,
must begin at the beginning, and be
carried on systematically. The tree must
not be neglected for three or- four years,
then cut and slashed to “bring it into
shape.” We have two general systems
of training the apple tree here in the
Northwest, the center-stalk or leader
system, and the open-center or vase¬
shaped tree. Each has its earnest ad¬
vocates, and each is followed more or
less faithfully, according to the skill of
the operator in attaining his ideal. But
no matter which plan is followed, the
foundation is invariably the same ; a
straight, well-grown one-year-old tree.
No commercial orchardist here ever
thinks of buying a two or three-year-
old tree, as the yearling transplants bet¬
ter, grows faster, and it can be headed
at the right height. Pruning should be¬
gin before planting by cutting off all dry
or bruised ends of roots, or any gnarled
and crooked roots, leaving them four to
six inches long, and pointing outward
and downward in as natural a position
as possible. When the tree is set as it
should be, two inches lower than it stood
in the nursery, and the dirt well firmed,
begin the pruning of the top by cutting
it off 18 to 20 inches above the ground,
being careful to leave the top bud turned
toward the prevailing Summer wind. If
there should be any side limbs below
this cut head them in to two inches. If
the lower buds start to grow rub them
off in June or early July, leaving the
upper five or six. No further pruning
is necessary then until the next Spring.
The second year pruning depends upon
whether you are going to follow the
leader or the open-center system. We
will consider the leader plan first.
Choose from three to five of the best
placed limbs, removing the others, and
head them back to one-half to one-
third of their original length, according
to the vigor of the growth ; leave the
most central one from four to six
inches longer than the others.
The third year select two or three
limbs for each one of the branches left
the year previous, cutting out all others,,
and head them back the same as before
to one-half or one-third of their length.
Still maintain the leader and balance
the top carefully. This should give a
sturdy vigorous frame on which to build
the future tree, and the following years
the Winter pruning should be largely
confined to thinning out, leaving the
heading back to be done in the Summer.
There can be no hard and fast rule for
this, but conditions must govern. The
vigorous-growing, light-producing trees
must be heavily pruned in Summer, while the slow-
growing, heavy bearers should be cut but lightly in
Summer. Climatic conditions must be considered as
well as the growth of the tree. Here in the Pacific
Northwest, in the region lying west of the Cascade
FIVE-YEAR-OLD APPLE TREE HEADED BACK IN AUGUST
PREPARING A WELL-BALANCED TOP. Fig. 172.
Mountains, we must Summer-pfune heavily, and the
proper time is about August 15. East of the Cascades
much less Summer pruning is needed, and the season
for it is a little earlier. By judicious Summer pruning
the small twigs along the main branches can be headed
back ajid made to form fruit spurs the
entire length of the branch, no matter
what the general plan of shaping the tree
may be, and this is the supreme object
to be attained. By preventing the growth
of long spindling branches we can keep
the tree compact, close to the ground,
and bearing a well distributed load of
fruit over its entire surface.
The open-center tree is for the care¬
ful orchardist usually the most satis¬
factory metlfod of training, but it must
be supplemented by some method of
propping or tying to support the limbs
when they become heavily loaded. For
the first year the treatment is exactly
the same for the open-center trees as
for the leader system ; but at the begin¬
ning of the second season, in pruning,
only three branches should be left, and
the leader is removed. These three
branches should balance as nearly as
possible, but should not start from the
tree at the same height. The third sea¬
son five or six of the best limbs should
be left growing upright, forming as
nearly as possible a circle around the
op<?h center, and treated as leaders each
one; that is, their side limbs cut back,
and the center one forced ahead. This
plan must be followed until the desired
height is reached, when the tree is
allowed to develop naturally, but care is
taken at all times to keep the limbs cut
out of the center. Naturally a tree
pruned this way is not so well able to
support itself as it would be with the
leader system, but the advantage comes
in the greater amount of bearing sur¬
face that can be kept close to the ground
and at the same time thoroughly ex¬
posed to the sunlight. Some kind of
artificial support is necessary, and is best
provided by using a soft tarred yarn
rope that is now manufactured for the
purpose, and looping these upright limbs
together clear around the circle. This
soft rope will not injure the tree in the
least, and it will last at least three
years. By placing them on at the time
the tree begins to bear they will last
long enough for the tree to attain suf¬
ficient growth to be self-supporting.
w. K. NEWELL.
SAME TREE PRUNED TO OPEN CENTRE IN FEBRUARY. Fig. 173.
LIME IN A MANURE SPREADER.
If we clearly understand what W. H.
P., Mumford, N. Y., wants to know,
page 433, it is the best and least expen¬
sive way he can apply a carload of lump
lime on his soil, at the rate of 1,000 to
1,500 pounds per acre, at the same time
distribute uniformly equal. Thinking
our method of applying about 5,000
bushels (200,000 pounds) burned lime
on Crowell Farm might help, I gladly
give it, for at best the job is very annoy¬
ing and unpleasant. Having burned the
L
614
lime on our own farm, as soon as the kiln was suffi¬
ciently cool we began by taking the lumps and with a
two-pound knapping hammer reduced to sizes 3)4 inch
and smaller. Then with a manure spreader set at
two loads per acre, with the bed about one-half full
of waste from a straw stack, we loaded on one-half
the amount of lime we desired per acre, weighing the
first load. Driving to field we distributed as if
manure, allowing the reel or beaters to run. We
found little or no inconvenience, though we left off
the lime hood. Allowing time for these small lumps
of lime to slake thoroughly, we went once over with
spike-tooth harrow, then with disk harrow. This quite
thoroughly mixed the lime with the soil and was a
part of the preparation of soil for the crop that was to
follow, the field having been previously well plowed.
Now should a rain come before you harrow, don’t
worry, only wait until the soil is fit to work; as the
lumps are small and well distributed you will have
no trouble. The slaked lumps will have dried out,
will readily crumble and complete the even distribu¬
tion. One ordinary man can easily break the lumps
of lime and help in loading, as lump lime breaks up
in small pieces, requiring light blows only.
Hamblen Co., Tenn. o. p. n. fox.
BUILDING UP MARYLAND SOIL.
I have a farm of about 45 acres, clay loam with gravel
in places. It has not been sown to seed for about eight
years, although a good deal of volunteer clover comes up
in Spring. I have thought of planting the best spots in
tomatoes, potatoes and corn, the remainder or thinner
spots in peas. Could as good results be obtained by
broadcasting fertilizer on land as putting it in the hill for
tomatoes? If so, fiow much would you use in either case?
When I lay the crop by I would like to sow something
that would make a good cover crop to turn under another
-Spring. What would you advise? w. h. s.
Galloways, Md.
If you are near a railroad the best thing you can
can do will be to get the stable manure from Balti¬
more and reinforce it with acid phosphate and potash,
say 100 pounds of acid pl#>sphate and 20 pounds of
sulphate of potash to a ton of manure. This can be
used broadcast with good effect on the crops and the
improvement of the land. Then put the little farm
into a regular rotation of crops. Make three fields
of it, one field for the vegetables and corn. Follow
these with oats and seed the land to clover. Mow the
clover for feed one season, and the following Winter
get on it all the manure you can make from feeding
the hay and corn stover, and turn it for the truck
and corn with additional purchased manure and fer¬
tilizer. This means that each of the three fields will
in turn get the manure and fertilizer, and in this way
you can build up the whole farm. You can this season
sow Crimson clover seed after the truck crops and
have a good Winter cover. Of course in the start of
a rotation you will have to plant the fields without
regard to previous crops, but then stick to the rota¬
tion. Use commercial fertilizers liberally on the oats,
so that the clover will have a good chance. By fol¬
lowing something of this sort you can build up the
farm to a high state of productiveness. The main
object is to get humus-making material into the soil,
especially on the gravelly spots, which in your county
are apt to be deep and leachy. You can probably get
manure in Baltimore more cheaply than we get it
down here, but we make it pay to use New York
manure at a cost of $2.90 on the switch. This is
largely freight of course, for we are 225 miles from
New York, and you are only a short distance from
Baltimore. w- F- massey.
LIME FROM ACETYLENE GAS PLANTS.
Can you tell me if the refuse from making acetylene gas
can be used for making Bordeaux Mixture or for other
purposes for which ordinary lime is recommended?
B. R.
I can find no record of the refuse lime from an
acetylene gas plant being used to neutralize blue vitriol
in making Bordeaux Mixture. Calcium carbide has
been pretty thoroughly tested in Europe as an in¬
secticide on grape root insects, without injury to the
vines and very little injury to the insects. The refuse
from an acetylene gas plant has been analyzed by the
R. I. Agricultural Experiment Station (Annual Re¬
port for 1900, page 288) and showed 62% of calcium
oxide. I know of instances where the refuse has
been dried and used on land same as air-slaked lime
with good results, but have never had an opportunity
to test same for making Bordeaux Mixture. The
method of freeing the acetylene gas from the lime in
use in most plants at present surely leaves the lime
well hydrated, and I see no reason why it would not
neutralize blue vitriol as well as, if not better than, the
dry hydrated lime. The amount of the refuse lime
to be used in preparing Bordeaux Mixture could be
determined by the use of the yellow prussiate of pot¬
ash test. An excess of the lime will do no harm.
THE RUR.A.I* NEW-YOKKER
The method of using the “test” is as follows : First,
dissolve a teaspoonful of the crystals of yellow
prussiate of potash in a pint bottle of water. Second,
dissolve required amount of blue stone in a half barrel
of water, or add stock solution of the blue stone to
the half barrel of water and stir. Third, thin the
gas lime to the consistency of a good whitewash.
Fourth, pour one or even two pailfuls of the thinned
refuse into the dilute blue vitriol solution and stir;
pour a drop or two of the yellow solution from the
bottle into the mixing barrel; if, when these drops
strike the mixture in the barrel they change color
from yellow to brick red, add more of the dilute
refuse, stir and test again. Continue to do this until
when a drop of the yellow prussiate of potash solu¬
tion is added it disappears without change of color,
the mixture is complete; but no harm will result if
more of the refuse lime is added. F. A. S.
WAS SOIL OR FERTILIZER AT FAULT?
I submit my first experiment with artificial fertilizer
and ask your opinion. Am I at fault, or the fertilizer?
I am a market gardener ; my soil is a heavy clay, of the
kind which gets of the consistence of a good grade of
putty when wet, and when dry it takes a sledge hammer
to break a clod of it. It is in good fertility, made so by
use of a large quantity of barnyard manure, and is well
under-drained, but of late years barnyard manure is get¬
ting scarce, so last Summer I began experimenting with arti¬
ficial fertilizer. I got the fertilizer a few days after I
had planted my early cabbage, latter part of April, and
here I started in by sowing it broadcast with full hand
over the cabbage patch about as thick as when I had
sown oats, but three rows I left without. It was put in
with a hand cultivator. The weather being cold the
cabbage made little headway. Two weeks later I sowed
it over again, but used almost as much again as the first
time. The three rows received none. It was again put
under with hand cultivator, the weather being still cold,
and the cabbage made but little growth, and no difference
could be seen between fertilized and the three rows which
had received none. In June, as the weather had become
warm and the cabbage had a good stand, I went over it
again with fertilizer. This time I scattered it in between
the rows. I used about a handful for every three plants
and ran it in with a horse cultivator. The three rows re¬
ceived none. From this time on I could see the fertilized
part got ahead of the three rows, and it made cutting
heads eight or 10 days before the non-fertilized, but they
were no bigger. The eight or 10 days earliness did not
pay for my labor and the cost of the fertilizer. I also
tried it on beets and carrots, by sowing half of the patch
over with fertilizer and left the other half without, but
no difference could be seen. My soil is poor potato
ground ; however, I planted three rows and in the two
rows I used about half a handful of fertilizer to the hill,
the one row received none. The soil being very rich
from barnyard manure, put on the year previous, the
potatoes grew immensely during the hot and moist
weather in June, but no difference could be seen until
the vines stood about two feet high. Then I noticed some
had a darker color than others. I said to myself : "There,
now, the fertilizer begins to show its effect,” but to my
great astonishment I found it was the one row that had
no fertilizer which looked best; in the crop no difference
could be seen. J- J -
Port Clinton, O.
On the tag of this fertilizer we find the following:
1.2 per cent ammonia.
8 per cent available phos. acid.
8 per cent, potash.
1 per cent insoluble phos. acid. *
(Animal and mineral.)
“ The kind that brings results.”
This fertilizer did not “bring results.” It is a fine
thing to try to learn why. All we can do is to guess
at it and state what seems most probable. As that
soil contains much stable manure it did not need more
organic nitrogen. It did need soluble nitrates and prob¬
ably phosphoric acid. The clay soils are not usually
lacking in potash. What was wrong?
First, the soil itself. This kind of a soil which
runs from putty to solid chunks rarely gives returns
from the use of fertilizer. Stable manure shows itself
because that, when plowed or harrowed into such a
soil, keeps it open and porous and in better condition.
A small amount of fertilizer scattered on suen soil
cannot give such results because it is not worked all
through it, and does not open it as the manure does.
That soil should be heavily limed with burned lime.
That would break up these lumps, open the soil and
give it far better grain or quality, so that good ferti¬
lizer would have a better chance.
Next, we do not think the fertilizer was high grade.
The chances are that the small amount of ammonia
which it contains was obtained from tankage, muck
or some other material which was not as available as
the manure left in the soil. Such soil is naturally wet
and cold, and this form of ammonia did not feed the
crop' until the weather got warm. Had there been
nitrates or soluble nitrogen in that fertilizer the cab¬
bage would have started off earlier and made a far
better growth. We feel sure that nitrate of soda would
have made a great difference in the crop. This is a
good illustration of what you get in buying a ferti¬
lizer with only one per cent of ammonia. You are
practically sure to get low-grade insoluble material
when doing so. For a trucking crop we would never
buy less than three per cent o* nitrogen.
April 22,
We cannot explain the behavior of the potatoes
except that perhaps an extra heavy lot of manure was
put in former years on this place. This old manure
would act like other forms of organic nitrogen — not
become available until the soil warmed, and then push
the crop on rapidly.
A PROBLEM IN DRAINAGE.
The title L. L. D. as applied to farming (Legumes,
Lime and Drainage), three essentials required for suc¬
cess, are all comparatively easy to be obtained with the
occasional exception of the latter, for as a rule where
everything is favorable the work of thorough drainage
presents no difficulty other than earnest and persistent
effort on the part of those interested. Where a good
outlet is available on one’s own property, and the land
requiring drainage is suitably located for the required
fall and a free flow of water, it is a very easy thing
to overcome, and good results are pretty sure to fol¬
low. It sometimes occurs, however, where a deep de¬
pression or “sag” exists, in which a large body of
water accumulates from the surrounding uplands, suffi¬
cient to destroy vegetation and prevent any effort for
cultivation, such a place is an eyesore, with not much
hope for improvement. For many years such condi¬
tions existed on my farm, remaining a paradise for
muskrats, frogs and blackbirds, the only vegetation
being cattails, flags and coarse water grass, with the
water remaining nearly or quite half the Summer.
This was attended with this discouraging feature, no
possibility of drainage, with insufficient fall or outlet
on the same farm. There had long existed, however,
on an adjacent farm, an open ditch, giving evidence
that perhaps an outlet could be secured for the purpose
in view, provided permission were granted by the
owner, which was in due time secured. After close
examination regarding fall, etc., we were encouraged
to attempt the work, arid even with the slight fall it
was considered sufficient for the purpose. This was
20 or more years ago. After 40 or 50 rods of ditch,
including four rods across the highway between the
two farms and extending entirely across the depres¬
sion referred to, a four-inch tile was laid. The final
result was not w.hat we had hoped, as it was found
that such a large accumulation of water could not
find its way into the tiles in time to save a crop
wholly, though there was an evident improvement, and
though it remained in this condition for several
years, we had not entirely given up hope that even¬
tually success would be secured.
Later we adopted the following method that has
proved a perfect success, and of course it is a con¬
tinual source of peculiar satisfaction, that all so well
understand who have had similar experience. In the
first place we decided that the tile were not of the
size required to remove so large a body of water in
time to save a crop; accordingly they were replaced
with six-inch, and then, too, instead of extending them
entirely across the depression, depending on the water
finding its way into the tile entirely through the joints,
they were discontinued at the lowest point in the de¬
pression, where we placed a 20-inch sewer pipe in an
upright position, the top of the same remaining about
even with the surface of the ground. At the lower
edge of the sewer pipe it was so shaped as to allow
the six-inch tile properly to fit into it, also other
similar places for smaller tile to enter from other por¬
tions of the field. It was but a few days ago, follow¬
ing a thaw and severe rainstorm, that this depression
resembled a miniature lake, with water in some por¬
tions two feet or more in depth, but in 48 hours it
had entirely disappeared, forcibly illustrating that
water will find its way directly into the end of a six-
inch tile more freely and in much less time than is
required to force its way through the soil and joints
of the tile. While the latter may be all right for or¬
dinary drainage, it has been learned that the conditions
discussed above require a different and we may say, a
more heroic treatment. As before noted, this system
has been in operation for several years, with its
abundant crops of wheat, oats, grass, etc., all regularly
attesting to the profitable results to be obtained by the
system of perfect drainage only; for the required fer¬
tility is already there, and has been for many years,
merely awaiting the conditions required by man’s de¬
velopments. IRVING D. COOK.
Genesee Co., N. Y.
No more skunk farming in New York. During
each year at least 100 people write asking advice about
raising skunks for their fur. We do our best to
keep them out of the business, but they have read
somewhere about the great profits in skunks, and it
is hard to hold them. Now the State of New York
comes in and says that skunks shall not be “possessed”
or killed between March 15 and November 1.
Give the horses plenty of water and cool off their
shoulders often when they start hard work.
1911.
THE RURAL* NEW-YORKER
616
REPAIRING OLD APPLE TREES.
Surgical Treatment with Cement.
The following article is not intended for a scientific
explanation of the principles of expert tree surgery,
but rather to show what has been and can be done in
repairing old apple trees that many people think are
beyond help. In doing this work nothing is required
beyond a good saw, mallet, chisel and a small scraper
made of a piece of three-eighths inch iron flattened at
one end and bent at right angles for the purpose of
scraping out the rotten wood and chips from cavities.
For the cementing a small trowel is essential for good
work.
No. 1, Fig. 174, shows the stubs on one tree, and
No. 2 shows the same tree one year later. You will
notice that the new growth is pushing out around the
edges of the painted cut and a little nearer the center
you may distinguish the cement with which the cavity
is filled. The spot below on the tree shows where a
three-fourths inch hole was bored to intersect the
cavity. After the cavity had been treated and dried
out the cavity, including the auger hole, was cemented
up and the surface later well painted. While this
cut will probably never heal over, being nine inches
across, the treatment has added at least 10 years to
the life of the tree. From
cavities like this we
drained as much as
three quarts of water
when making the re¬
pairs. Some of these
stubs may appear sound,
but may be badly de¬
cayed and full of insects
under the surface ; in fact
the decay does not be¬
come apparent until it
has progressed far
enough under the sur¬
face to allow the surface
to fall out or in.
No. 3 shows a tree
that has a cavity extend¬
ing from the upper
cavity to the ground.
This is an extremely bad
case, but this tree, after
being taken care of, has
given us two crops of
apples, either one being
sufficient to pay all the
expense of repair, arid
the tree is good for a
long time yet. Contrary
to theories the fruit from
this tree was first-class.
No. 4 shows another
extreme case in which
the cavity was so exten¬
sive as to leave less than
half the tree trunk of a
tree which had a vigor¬
ous top. Ordinarily I
would put the rough
stone in the middle of
the cavity, finishing with
smooth cement, but the
trunk was weak for the
top, and we built out the
cement with the stone to
give greater body and strength. Later on, as the tree
gets in better shape, the rough stone may be broken
off and the surface properly finished.
No. 5 shows a bad case of trimming, where two
large limbs had been cut off near their union, about
18 inches from the trunk. The outer mark on the
stub shows where I would have made the cut in the
first place, and the lower mark where the cut was
actually made. A further examination of the tree after
the stub was cut off showed that there was a cavity
below the cut, which extended down the body of the
tree a foot. Properly cleaning, cementing and paint¬
ing this cut put the tree in good condition. The pic¬
ture shows also some short stubs of smaller limbs have
been left to decay, and while nature is making a great
effort to close these places, if the cut had been prop¬
erly made in the first place, the cut would have been
healed long ago, but now the injury extends probably
a foot down the body. I usually cut off these projec¬
tions close to the tree and treat them. While this
makes a larger cut, with proper treatment it will close
the cut properly and be in a healthy condition. Some
people advocate cutting off the limbs where the ring
shows near the junction, but this is not to be relied
upon, and all cuts should be made as near the body as
possible, making it easier for the new growth to cover.
Ihere is one class of tree injury that is quite com¬
mon and one of the most serious. It is an injury on
the trunk of the tree; perhaps it may arise from
something breaking the bark close to the ground and
the bark recedes a short distance, perhaps at first the
hand would cover the entire place, which if neglected
will permit insects and fungi to enter, and the outer
wood weathers hard while the deadly work may be
going on inside. It will not be noticed until the in¬
jured place may be enlarged from the inside and
gradually extends upward and backward. I have one
extreme case of such an injury, the decay having
gradually extended upward, and .the bark on one of
the large limbs has now become seriously affected.
The tree is nearly a wreck, but even this tree may be
saved for some years by cleaning out the cavity thor¬
oughly and cementing or painting it as may be deter¬
mined on. In this connection I wish to say that where
the trunk of a tree is in such bad condition that it is
obvious that filling the cavity with cement will not
close it effectually against water and insects, I paint
and keep painted the surface of the cavity inside, un¬
less it is necessary to give the tree the additional sup¬
port of the cement filling. In some cases I have had the
cavity has passed directly through the tree trunk,
but with strong healthy wood all around the cavity,
in which case if the cement filling would not be effec¬
tive in the way of preserving the trunk from insects
and disease, applying the paint is the better treatment.
Many trees are cracked at the junction of the limbs
either from a load of fruit or a storm. These cracks
I close by putting one or two bolts through at the
most effective place. In doing this cut the bark away
from where the head and burr of the bolts will bear
before you put in the bolts, for if the bark is left
when the burr is drawn up, the bark will be puffed
up for some distance around them and it will make it
much more difficult, if not impossible, to heal over the
bolt ends, which are well waxed or painted to pro¬
test the injury. Trees that are cracked, where from
the spreading nature of the limbs it is impossible to
use a bolt to pull them up, I put two loops of strong
galvanized wire around two of the limbs at a suit¬
able distance up and after putting some pieces ol
board under the wire where it is against the limb, I
take a piece of stick or iron bar as a turnbuckle and
twist the wires together, which draws up the limbs
and closes the crack, which is then thoroughly waxed
or cemented to prevent water and insects from en¬
tering. Finally all cement work is thoroughly painted
when dry, and I aim to keep it painted as long as
exposed. Many old trees that the owner considers
too far gone for repair may be rejuvenated and made;
to last many years by a little intelligent repair work,
which will give us immediate returns in more and
better fruit. Any ordinary tree will pay for the ex¬
pense and work done on it, in one season, and it is
wonderful what nature will do if we give her a little
assistance along this line. g. a. watt.
Ohio.
GRAPES OR APPLES— WHICH ?
I am planning to buy a small fruit farm In this section,
and am uncertain whether to invest In a vineyard or in
an apple orchard. As you well know, western New York
is famous for both, so that it is a matter of choosing
which is the more profitable. Assuming that both proper¬
ties are first-class as regards condition, cultivation, and
age and variety of fruit, in which would you say the
greater profits seem to be promised for the next five or
10 years? There is less territory in which grapes can be
successfully grown on a commercial scale, and the recent
establishment of two new grape juice factories in this
locality will doubtless increase the demand. Grapes seem
to be more easily cared for than apples, but on the other
hand the latter can be sold on the trees, which is some¬
times an advantage. It is difficult for a greenhorn to
decide, and I would greatly appreciate your opinion on the
matter.
Erie Co., N. Y.
It may be hard for a greenhorn, but it would be
just as difficult for the most ripened head to decide
without knowing the man. For, in the end, it will go
past the matter of grapes or apples, and be determined
by the man who makes the investment. That is what
many “back to the landers” seem to forget. Since
January 1 we have been interviewed by at least 150
city people who think of
leaving a city job and
going to the country to
buy a farm. After talk¬
ing half an hour with
them we should say
that farm success was
impossible for at least 90
of them. Their talk and
their appearance showed
at once that they knew
nothing about life in the
country. Their habits
had unfitted them for
the hard and persistent
work required to make
a home on a piece of
land. Some of them re¬
sented a frank opinion
that they would be bet¬
ter off to remain where
they are. It would be
both foolish and cruel to
shout “Back to the land”
to such people and urge
them without any re¬
serve to move to ,the
country. Among the 150
we have talked with
were about 40 who
could, if they tried,
make a good living in
the country and would
probably be better off
there. The difference
was not so much one of
size and strength but of
spirit and endurance,
courage and that indefi¬
nite quality which we
call “common sense.”
In the case mentioned
above we do not know
whether “D.” has ever
handled fruit, or whether
his knowledge comes from observation. Grape
growing is a very different proposition from
orcharding. Personally we would prefer the apple
orchard, while it would be easy to find a dozen men
who greatly prefer the grapes. So back of it all stands
the personal inclination of the man and his ability to
do certain kinds of work. The “Back to the land” man
does not usually think of these things, yet if he works
in a large store or factory he must see that work in
one department is very different from that in another.
This is a good question for discussion, and we will
try to get expert fruit growers to give all sides of it.
Which do you prefer, apple or grape culture — and
why ? _
I am glad to see that you keep up the Interest In the
discussion on the producer’s share of tTie consumer’s
dollar. There is one phase of this matter that I have
not seen touched upon. In many sections of Ohio, and I
have no doubt the same is true of many other States,
fully 75 per cent of the men who actually farm the land
do not own the land which they work. A very large
per cent of the farming of this State is one form or an¬
other of tenant farming. When these men figure their
share of the consumer’s dollar the share which the land¬
lord gets must come out first. w.
That is a good point to discuss. If the man who
does the work must take 35 cents of the consumer's
dollar and then turn 15 cents or more over to the
owner of the farm, there will not be much left for his
wife. We want the exact figures from some of these
tenants. It will be good to compare their income and
the cost of their crops with the items from farmers
who are workers and land owners combined.
SURGERY AND CEMENT IN THE APPLE ORCHARD. Fig. 174.
&1Q
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 22,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every quer> must be accompanied by the name
and aduress of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
% few questions at one time. Put questions on a
operate piece of paper.]
Crops for a Garden.
S. T. H., Johnstown, Pa. — Last Septem¬
ber and October as I dug potatoes I sowed
Sand or Hairy retch for a cover crop. The
ground is covered so thick that you cannot
see any hare earth; it is from four to six
inches tail. I shall plow this Spring. What
would be the most profitable crop to plant
on this plot, sweet corn, tomatoes, cucum¬
bers, strawberries, beans, peas? Which of
these crops will give me the best yields from
this patch of vetch? I can give it a coat
of lime or manure. Which would you ad¬
vise?
Ans. — We could not answer such a
question without knowing what crops
sell best in your market. With us in
New Jersey the following would pay:
Take part of the land for strawberries.
Plant the rest to a succession of peas
from early to late. Put the rows wide
apart and as the peas are picked, or
when the time is right, plant sweet corn,
tomatoes and cucumbers between the
rows of peas. Pull the pea vines after
picking and give clean culture to the
other crops. Use manure if you can.
Fruit Trees in Sod.
A. J. F., Sauquoit, N. Y. — I am going to
set out apple trees this Spring, mostly near
to the line fences of my farm. The larger
part will be in mowing. I intend to adopt
for them the mulch system. What kind of
fertilizer would be best? I have a quantity
of wood ashes, how would it do to use ashes
and ground bone with a heavy mulch of
coarse manure? If this treatment would
answer what amounts of each would be best
to use per tree, and would it be right to mix
both with the soil at time of setting the
trees? Also, would the same treatment an¬
swer for cherry and plum trees set where
they will be cultivated?
Ans. — Wood ashes and bone make a
good mixture for all sorts of fruit trees.
We should use three pounds of the ashes
to one of bone. Do not try to mix be¬
fore using. The fine ashes will not mix
well with the coarser bone. Scatter the
ashes over the ground around the tree
and follow with the bone. Spade or hoe
up a circle around the trees after plant¬
ing and then put on the manure — not
close up to the tree but a little out from
it. Use four pounds of the mixture to
each young tree. The hoeing or spading
will mix in the ashes and bone. Cut
the grass and pile it on top of the
manure. _
Sme Apple Notes.
I was rather amused at C. E. B.’s esti¬
mates of expense in growing an orchard,
page 458. He must have been an earmark
for a tree agent to give 50 cents each for
apple trees, for I can get as good trees as
I want to plant for 10 cents. Then it cost
$75 to plow and harrow 10 acres of land.
How could farmers make a living at that
rate? I think I could prepare the 10 acres
in first-class manner for $20. Then he
paid 10 cents a tree for fertilizer (I sup¬
pose that is what he means by “phosphate”)
the first year, and it cost 10 cents to set a
tree. Awfully poor work that. And now
with an orchard 10 years old it has been
nothing but expense, and he thinks it must
be expense for some years yet. Now it
seems to mo that unless he has planted a
variety like the Northern Spy that does
take a long time to get in bearing, the
orchard could be giving fruit enough to pay
expenses before it is 10 years old. Then,
too, in all these 10 years he could have
been growing vegetable crops between the
young trees, and leaving a legume Winter
cover on the land, and could at least have
paid all the expenses of cultivating and car¬
ing for the orchard. Certainly it can be
done here, if not in New England. This
Winter Stayman apples that run the same
size all the way through the barrel (for I
have bought them) are retailing here for
80 cents a peck, from orchards in Delaware
that are not 10 years old, and the dealers
say they sell so fast that they cannot keep
in them. And 1 will guarantee that the
orchards where these apples grow have paid
their way from the start. I suppose that
C. E. B. must have got some one to grow
the orchard for him, and paid him fine
prices for everything. Mr. Van Deman is
right in saying that the bulk of an apple
orchard on this peninsula should be Stay-
man and Winesap so far as Winter sorts
are concerned. But it is also the experi¬
ence of the growers that the early Summer
apples have been more and more profitable
every year in spite of considerable planting
of Summer fruit, but for eating purposes I
would rather have a Peninsula grown Stay-
man than a dozen of the showy turnip-
flavored apples that come from Oregon.
.Tust now (April 6) they are coming out
of cold storage considerably browned, and
evidently have been there too long.
Maryland. w. F. massey.
Treatment of Kaffir Corn.
Will some one tell how to plant, culti¬
vate and harvest a crop of Kaffir corn?
IIow far apart should stalks stand in the
row? Can the fodder be fed to horses, or
is it possible to turn it under for humus?
Eakles Mills, Md. c. w. d.
Kaffir corn can be grown just as you
would grow sorghum or broom corn. The
rows can be made four feet apart and the
plants left stand a foot apart. The Kaffir
corn has the one advantage that it will
succeed in drought better than Indian corn,
and hence is adapted to the semi-arid West.
In Washington County, Maryland, the
Indian corn is worth a great deal more,
and the fodder from Indian corn is far
better than that from any of the non¬
saccharine sorghums like Kaffir corn, and
in your section you can grow a far heavier
crop with Indian corn. w. F. massey.
Turnips and Clover.
I sowed your favorite combination of
Cow-horn turnip, Crimson clover and rye
in my orchard last Summer, but owing to
the drought it made very poor growth, so
that at this writing (April 1) I have no
cover crop worth turning under. The clover
is just beginning to show signs of growth
now, and I am undecided whether to plow
the orchard now or leave it for a few
weeks till the clover has made a little
growth this Spring. Would it pay to let it
grow a few weeks, do you think? J. e.
Rhode Island.
We should let the crop grow if it is to
be plowed under to help the orchard. By
May 1 there will probahly be a fair growth
there. Of course, if the land is wanted
for an early crop, you will have to plow
it at once, but if not, let it grow a few
weeks.
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and
those who till it.” — Adv.
LAND LIME
$3.50 PER TON
Land I.ime is finely pulverized: ready to drill;
needs no slaking: is easy to handle; contains one-
third Quick Lime and two-thirds Carbonate of
Lime. It contains more lime than marl or ground
limestone or Hydrated Lime. It will not injure
new seeding.
Land Lime is the cheapest fertilizer you can
buy. One ton of Land Lime will set free the high-
priced fe. tilizers that are locked up in the soil.
Land Lime warms and sweetens sour soils. (Most
of our soils are sour, as is shown by the presence
of moss and sorrel grass.) I.and Lime aids the
decomposition of humns and loosens up the clay
soils. I.and Lime will increase the yield of
Clover, Alfalfa, Cabhages, Timothy. Beets, etc.
I.and Lime is absolutely necessary for Alf n If a.
Yon cannot grow Alfalfa without lime and Alfalfa
is the best paying crop on the farm. It is the only
forage crop that will take the place of grain.
Write for circulars and samples.
THE SOLVAY PROCESS COMPANY
SYRACUSE, /V. V.
SALESMEN WANTED
TO HELL TREES
AM) PLANTS
Free outfit. Commission paid weekly. Write for
terms. PERRY NURSERIES, Rochester, NewVork
ONION SEED
of the Highest
Germination
Yellow Danvers, Yellow Globe Danvers, Australian
Brown, Southport Yellow Globe, 81.00 lb. Large Bed
Wethersfield, Prizetaker. 8110 lb. Postpaid.
ONION SETS. — Fancy Yellow Danvers, Eastern Grown,
$2.00 budiel.
Write for Catalog- and Free trial pkt. of New Enk-
huizen Glory Cabbage.
J. AUG, DRAKE, Seedsman
100 Main Street, - • Chester, N. .1.
Surplus Berry Plants “ST fflaJSS
Snyder, 2,000,000 Strawberry Plants; 500 bushels
Hastings Potatoes; Currants, Gooseberries, Grapes,
Asparagus, Rhubarb, Roses, Vegetable Plants, etc.
Send for free catalogue and Surplus List.
L. J. FARMER, Box 20. PULASKI N. Y.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Guaranteed true
to name and good
as grown, $1.50 per 1,000 and up. Descriptive ilTust.
catalog free. G. K. BUNTING, Selby vllle, Del.
THE APPLE BUSINESS
Is a sure thing — if you have the right kind of
a tree. People may plant too many oranges
but the good old apple is a sure thing. The
time to get in with that hillside is right now
— this Spring.
There is some discussion about the best
aged tree to plant. Some want big trees and
some little whips. We have them all!
The size is a matter of opinion but every¬
body agrees that the health and life of the
tree is more important. We put life and
health in our trees — or they doit themselves.
They grow in strong ground with no
check from start to finish and with a long
fall season to harden and ripen their woods.
They are sound, free from disease and
ready to grow. Every variety you want
and every tree right.
The Catalog tells all about it.
HARBISON’S NURSERIES, Box IS, BERLIN, MD.
Poor Corn is dear at any price.
Good Corn is cheap at any price.
Then why not buy the best even if it does cost a
little more ? Our
Eureka Ensilage,
Sheffield, Stickmey,
and Longfellow
flint varieties, have a reputation
back of them that means something.
EUREKA ENSILAGE
has a record of 64 tons per acre.
SHEFFIELD PRIZE
FLINT
has a record of 123.8 bushels
of CRIB DRY corn per acre.
This corn won the first, the only
first, prize for the heaviest yield of
flint corn per acre, at the New
England Corn Show held in this
city in 1910. Isn’t it worth some¬
thing to have seed with such a repu¬
tation back of it? Suppose you in¬
crease your yield but one bushel per
acre. That alone would pay the
increased cost of the seed; but think
of 120 bushels per acre when
you have been growing on an
average of not over 40 bushels.
WHAT HAS BEEN CAN BE. Do
not be content with 30 or 40 bushels. Try
to have 100 bushels at least. You can do
it with proper seed and up-to-date ways.
SPECIALIZE. Do not try to grow
forage and grain both in the same field.
If you do you will make a failure of both.
Send for our 1911 Seed Book, which
tells you all about the prize winning kinds.
It is free, whethef you buy any corn or not.
ROSS BROS. CO.,
13 Front Street, Worcester, Mass.
DONT FAIL TO PLANT
SOME OF THE
Meadozvvale Gladioli
THIS SEASON.
Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue at once.
ARTHUR COWEE
Meadowvale Farm, Box 54, BERLIN, N. Y.
(1AI4 1 I AO— TWENTY kinds (my selection) $1.
UMnLiHO Satisfaction guaranteed. Write for
full particulars. H. F. BURT, Taunton. Mass.
MILLIONS OF FLOWERING
and Decorating Plants of all kinds, including Early
and Late Vegetable Plants in abundance, for Flor¬
ists. Landscape Gardeners. Parks, Institutions
etc., at wholesale prices. Send for lists.
ALONZO J. BRYAN. Wholesale Florist, Washington. N. J
Black's Peach Trees-1911
, Peach Trees are one of our specialties — we«|
2Tmv f°r <7uatity anti not quantity alone. Our I
j trees, however, cost little, if any, more than the*
Tjjr ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but selj^
direct, saving middleman's profits.* r ■ ■ »
New booklet, “Springtime andY3|U3Dl6
Harvest for the Fruit-grower,’ ’ free, g Kit*
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co.
Box V, Hightstown, New Jersey
Sent Free
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS
AT VERY
LOW PRICES
Apples . . . $15.00 per lOO
Peaches ... $8.00 per lOO
Cherries ... $10.00 per lOO
Strictly First-Class Stock, Government In¬
spected. Write today for our free catalogue
on Fruits and Ornamentals, and buy direct
from the growers. Our trees are grown in that
great nnrsery belt of Ontario Comity.
ONTARIO NURSERY CO., Inc.
GENEVA, N. Y. Box No. 21
EAR CAI P— Cow Peas, $2.50 to $3.00 bushel;
rUn OMLt Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel:
Black-Eyed Peas, $3.00 bushel.
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND .
Milford. Del.
DREER’S
GARDEN BOOK
Standard book of its kind
for nearly 73 years. 1911
edition enlarged to 288
pages. Nearly 1,000 illustra¬
tions, eight color and duo-
tone plates. Describes over
1,200 varieties of Flower
Seeds, 600 kinds of Vege¬
tables, 2,000 kinds of plants.
Hundreds of Cultural Articles
by experts, telling plainly just how to grow the
best flowers, plants and vegetables. Sent free
to anyone mentioning this publication.
HENRY A. DREER Philadelphia
OLYMPIC NATURE NURSERY
Rhododendrons, Madrouas, Oregon Grapes, Huckle¬
berries and other wild shrubs, plants and flowers.
By mail, 10 for 50 cents, 24 for S1.0Q postpaid.
Money back if not satisfied
JOEL SHOMAKKIi , Nellita, Washington.
. . FOR SALE . .
Columbian Raspberry Plants
$1.00 per 100 $3.00 per 500
$5.00 per 1000
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1911
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
017
AN OX TROTTER.
The recent articles in The R. N. Y. re¬
garding the use of oxen on the farm are
suggestive. I submit view from life,
Fig. 175, which is a street scene in my
own town. This worthy man is owner
of 80 acres of excellent land, as yet
largely uncleared, and is equipped ac¬
cording to his means and needs. “Old
Charley” is doing faithful service as
roadster, for logging, plowing, cultivat¬
ing and any work usually assigned to
horses. This man has the right mettle,
and later, when conditions warrant, will
be seen leading home a pair of weanling
Colts. J. L. SHIGLEY.
Osceola Co., Mich.
R. N.-Y. — Better an ox paid for than
an automobile “on tick.”
NOTES ON THE BERMUDA ISLANDS.
As you wished to hear what I thought of
these islands, I send a few notes. As a
farming country they will never be a great
success. Of the little more than 12,000
acres, not over 1,000 are what can be called
first-class farming land, another 1,000 fair,
and another 1,000 can be made profitable
only in very favorable seasons. The other
9,000 acres have so little soil that cultiva¬
tion can never be made to pay. The sur¬
face is very undulating and everywhere
covered, except where cultivated, or bare
rocks, with cedar or juniper trees, so that
at a distance it looks as though it was
one solid forest, interspersed with houses.
What land is cultivated lies in small
patches in the valleys or on the hillsides,
and in size from a mere garden spot to not
to exceed, except in few instances, one acre.
The soil consists of disintegrated coral
rock mixed with humus of decayed vegeta¬
tion, and is entirely lacking in anything of
a clayey nature, so that when rain falls it
settles at once down, through soil and rock,
so that though the average rainfall is over
five feet yearly, crops are very apt to suf¬
fer for moisture. The crops grown are po¬
tatoes, onions, lettuce, celery, carrots, pars¬
ley and lilies in extent as named, but as
there is no frost here some crop is kept
growing on the land all the time. Usually
four crops are taken each year and of
course such intensive cropping requires
heavy manuring, and much use is made of
chemicals, but still the most difficult thing
to maintain is a sufficient quantity of
humus, and this is supplied by stable
manure from the great number of horses
that are kept for use by the livery stables,
as an immense number of horses are kept
here for livery purposes, and from seaweed,
of which great quantities are driven on
shore by the autumnal gales. Of course
all crops are grown for the New York mar¬
ket, and the profit depends upon prices
there, and so have to be ready for use
when in most demand. Just now the lettuce
and parsley crops are about finished and
carrots are coming in plenty, and growers
report unsatisfactory prices. Onions and
potatoes are now coming and are selling
well, potatoes at $5 per barrel and onions
from $1.50 to $2 per 50-pound box. Lilies
are now troubled with a blight, so are not
grown very largely. Potatoes, onions and
in fact all crops grown are not allowed to
ripen but are gathered as soon as largo
enough to use ; only frhm this fact it would
not be possible to get so many crops each
year from same land.
Oranges and lemons, once largely grown,
have been entirely abandoned on' account
of the ravages of a fly and the scale, but
the government is now making great efforts
to overcome these pests. The only live
stock aside from the horses, and they are
all imported, are an occasional cow, a good
many goats, and a very few chickens. I
have seen four turkeys and three hogs. The
labor on the land here is mostly done by
the colored people, and by hand ; in fact I
have seen only 10 or 12 plows on the is¬
land, and these were all for one horse.
The plots are so small and of all shapes,
some not more than a rod wide and 10 to
20 rods long more or less and of all shapes
as may be, so horse power is out of the
question. The implements are very rude,
mostly hoes weighing from three to five or
six pounds, and are used to chop up the
soil, which leaves the weeds on top of the
ground to dry up and be lost, while the sen¬
sible way would be to spade them into the
soil to add to the humus. All crops are
planted in beds, the rows from 15 to 20
inches apart, about five rows and then a
space left. Potatoes are grown in the same
way, with rows 24 inches apart and plants
10 inches in row, and instead of level cul¬
ture they are hilled just as high as can lie
done at this distance between rows. The
onions are sown thick and when about as
large as peas are pulled and dried and
then planted about four inches apart in
rows 15 to 18 inches asunder.
Nearly everything on which the people
live is brought here from the States. The
money crop here is the flood of visitors, and
were it not for these the people would find
it a hard proposition to live. In 1908
there were a little over 19,000 people on
the islands, of which over two-thirds were
colored ; in fact the colored people here do
nearly all the labor on the land and very
much in the towns. It is not an uncommon
sight to see a half-dozen working in a
gang in a plot of onions or potatoes of an
acre or less. All the stages are driven by
colored men. the same with carriages, anil
all trades are followed by them. They
largely own their own homes and seem
prosperous and happy. They seem quite dif¬
ferent from the colored people of the
United States, and instead of living in
localities by themselves are mixed all
through the country and villages among
the whites. Still I notice they have their
separate schools and churches, and do not
associate with the whites. I am told that
the only intermarriages between white and
colored is an occasional case where an
English soldier marries a colored wife.
As a Health and Pleasure Resort. —
As such Bermuda is a success, and were it
not for the great drawback of the ocean
trip Florida would not be in it at all. As
it is now every steamer here is crowded
and the visitors have difficulty in finding
good quarters. Not only in the villages
but all over the island a large proportion
of the houses are used as boarding houses,
and are no sooner emptied of one lot than
filled by another, and they charge from .$10
to as high as $30 and $40 per week for
board. But the sensible way for a family
is to take rooms with conveniences for
light housekeeping, get their own break¬
fast and supper and take dinner wherever
they happen to be. In this way they can
have the quiet of home and be out of the
noisy crowd. The islands are mostly con¬
nected with bridges and very comfortable
stages run from each end to Hamilton
twice daily, and the cheapest thing here is
the stage fares, which are only two cents
per mile. One can go out on the morning
stage from Hamilton, go 'to St. George at
one end or to Somerset at the other and
spend four and a half hours sightseeing
and come back on the return, or he can stop
off at any point, spend the day, coming
back at evening, and as the islands are
very narrow in this way can be seen all the
very pleasant bays and coves and beauty
spots at ruuch better advantage than to
drive and keep out of the crowds. There
are also boats running every half hour to
various points and the fare in these is
also very reasonable. The lowest tempera¬
ture this Winter was 49 degrees and the
highest in Summer is about 90 degrees,
but the average is 57 degrees for January,
79 degrees for July, but as the wind is al¬
ways from the water from whichever way
it blows, it is always cool. Very few
houses have any arrangement for heating
and a large share of the cooking is done on
oil or gasoline stoves. These islands are
simply the top of coral mountains, which
when formed were heaved up out of the
sea, and as the rock is very porous, the
only water that can be obtained in wells is
brackish and quite apt to cause stomach
trouble. The drinking water is caught
from the roofs of the buildings or from
water sheds made on purpose, and kept
in cisterns. As the roofs are made of
slabs of the rock and very little fuel is
burned and no doves or pigeons kept the
water is exceedingly pure and good. There
are over 100 miles of roads on the islands
and all are in first-class condition. They
are made of the rock, which breaks down
and cements on the surface, and they are
as smooth as a floor, have gutters at the
sides and in many places are cut through
the solid rock down from a few feet to as
much as 20 to 30 feet, about 18 feet wide,
with the sides perpendicular, and if it were
to rain a week the soil would take the
water as fast as it came and in an hour the
road would be dry and in fine condition.
The houses are made inside partitions and
all of blocks of the rock, cut about 24
inches long, 10 inches wide and six to eight
thick, and these laid up with mortar made
of the burned rock, mostly one story and
roofed with slabs of the same rock, cut
from one to two inches thick, and the whole
structure, roof and all, coated with cement,
so the buildings are white and require no
paint after once finished. All houses, those
of the poorest as well as the rich, are made
of the same material, and I do not think
there are 20 wooden houses in the entire
group of Islands. What Bermuda needs is
a good trolley road from one end to the
other and an effort is now being made to
secure it, but strong opposition is made
by two classes, the old conservatives and
the livery and coach owners, and it would
be a good tiling if a subway could be con¬
structed from New York.
J. s. WOODWARD.
AN AUTOMOBILE IN HIDE. Fig. 175..
618
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 22,
PLANTS POTATOES BY HAND.
E. F. 8., Akron, N. Y.— Would E. V. A.,
who wrote the article on “Potato Growing
in Michigan,” inform us how Mr. Woodman
plants his potatoes, whether by hand or
with a machine?
Ans. — Some few years ago, when Mr.
Woodman began growing potatoes for
market, a potato planter was tried, but
it was discarded, as it bunched the
potatoes more or less. Since then they
have been planted by hand. A portion
of the field is furrowed out, and im¬
mediately planted while the soil in the
bottom of the furrow is still moist. The
covering is done by a team. By plant¬
ing in this way and having a seed end
in every hill, a perfect stand is assured.
Last Fall they were digging potatoes
when the writer visited the farm, and it
was impossible to find a skip, i he field
of eight acres yielded over 350 bushels
to the acre. _ _ E- v. a.
CONCENTRATED LIME-SULPHUR
MIXTURE.
It is not strange that Prof. Patten has
found some technical mistakes in my arti¬
cle on page 160-161. The wonder to me
is, there is ever anything written on lime-
sulphur that some one does not criticise,
because of the fact that hardly any two
of our chemists, entomologists, patholo¬
gists or horticulturists, agree today as to
bect*way of making or handling or using
lime-sulphur washes. I surely made one
misstatement, at least apparently. What I
should have said, and really meant to say,
was that 40 pounds of lime and 80 pounds
of sulphur was the largest amounts that
could be economically combined with water
to make 50 gallons, the word economically
having been omitted.
The next part saying the mixture so
made would test a little over 28 degrees B.
should have said a little under 28 degrees
B That this is not a great exaggeration
as Mr. Patten seems to think, I will say
that four lots when boiled as nearly under
farmers’ conditions as possible, by Prof.
Parrott at Geneva, averaged exactly 27% de¬
grees B. two of which lots tested 29 degrees
B And further to show there is ground
for the belief that greater amounts of lime
and sulphur to water to make 50 gallons
<lo not materially increase the strength of
the mixture, but do add greatly to the
amount of sediment when made under farm
conditions, will add that four other lots,
made under these conditions by the same
persons, and especially for comparison,
where 60 pounds of lime and 125 pounds
.of sulphur were used, to water enough to
make 50 gallons, the average test was only
27% degrees B., while the sediment was in¬
creased from four to five times the amounts
contained in lots where the smaller amounts
of lime-sulphur were used.
The past week I have boiled 12 lots
under different conditions, and with various
amounts of lime and sulphur ; my results
have been just about the same as Prof.
Parrott’s. There is apparently a great dif¬
ference between boiling these ingredients
together by the ordinary man, and reduc¬
ing them to a chemical combination in the
laboratory.
I have neither the time nor inclination
to enter into any argument with Prof.
Patten or anyone else ; yet I believe 1 am
justified because of the stand Prof. Patten
has taken, in saying some things in order
to set myself right before the people who
have been following this lime-sulphur mat¬
ter. Prof. Patten says what I wrote was
not the claim of the N. Y. Station authori¬
ties, saying they recommend 36 pounds of
lime to' 80 pounds of sulphur. This is so,
and yet why not print it all, which says
this is based on pure lime, and that no
lime is pure? Therefore when lime is only
90 per cent pure, 40 pounds must be used,
and as lime is cheaper than sulphur and we
should always have enough lime to unite
was the sulphur, we recommend a slight ex¬
cess to allow for impurities, or 40 pounds
of lime to 80 pounds of sulphur.
And then, too. Prof. Patten's data is all
based on the supposition that there are
50 gallons of water in addition to the other
ingredients at the finish, when he will find
by a more careful study of my article and
also of Bulletin 3lZ9 that all are based on
a final product of 50 gallons which theoret¬
ically would give about the per cent of
sulphur in solution Prof. Patten says it
should have, rather than under 15 per cent
as he says it does have. As to Prof. Pat¬
ten’s claim that the same amount of sul¬
phur may be brought into solution in two
boilings by using the 60-120-50 formula, as
with three boilings of the 40-80-50 formula,
made in the ordinary way, I claim it is
absolutely impossible to get anywhere near
that result. Apparently all of the lime-
sulphur work up to the past season has
been mostly accident or guess work. Last
year the New York State Experiment Sta¬
tion took this work up. First the chem¬
ists worked out by exhaustive experiments
the most practical and economical amounts
of the ingredients to use in making, the
mixtures. Then the entomologists took this
mixture and by careful experiments in the
field, worked out the amounts of dilution
that were practical and most effective, thus
putting the work on a scientific and prac¬
tical basis. I believe until the other sta-_
tions take up the work along these lines
there is sure to be more or less dissension
over everything that is written on the sub¬
ject, and as long as this is so the fruit
growers and farmers will be undecided as
to which is right and whose directions to
follow. This surely is a bad condition, for
the fruit growers need and are entitled to
the best information on this subject.
W M. HOTALING.
The prospect for tree fruit in this sec¬
tion at the present time is more promising
than for several seasons past. Apple and
pear trees of most varieties show plenty of
fruit buds, and the peach buds have passed
the Winter apparently unharmed. The feel¬
ing of the fruit growers in this section is
one of confidence. In the great and rapidly
growing population of New York City and
the surrounding territory he sees an almost
unlimited market, within easy reach. The
grower who aims to have his “stencil” serve
as an advertisement and guarantee of an
honest package, has no fear of an over¬
stocked market. Spraying has become quite
general in this neighborhood, but has been
directed almost wholly against the San
Jos6 scale. The scale is passing from the
scene, but it has left a valuable legacy. In
combating it the grower has learned the
art of spraying, and finds that the proper
material will not only destroy injurious
insects, but will also greatly lessen fungous
troubles. The good farmer will keep on
spraying. There is no noticeable increase in
tree planting over former years, but there
seems to be a disposition to take better
care of orchards already planted ; also the
trend is toward planting more largely of
the better quality of fruits. J. e. k.
Cliffwood, N. J.
In Northern New Y’ork. — In this
(Washington) county there is not enough
fruit grown to be a commercial factor ex¬
cept apples. It seems a pity that more at¬
tention is not paid to the horticultural
possibilities of this section. We are in the
section where the Northern Spy and
Fameuse types of apples can be grown to
perfection. The low price. of land, together
with the ease that all the New England
towns can be reached, makes this upper
Hudson Valley one of the best opportunities
for the fruit farmer in the country today.
Almost every tree that I have examined
shows an abundance of fruit buds. There is
a tendency to plant larger blocks than was
common four or five years ago. It has not
been customary to take much interest in the
orchard, but T notice that many of our
younger farmers are beginning to take an
interest in the possibility of some portion
of their farm being a- good place for an or¬
chard. I can point out a number of young
apple orchards that are handled with care
and it is easy to believe that the quality
and quantity of the products of the or¬
chards will improve by leaps and bounds in
the next few years. There are a few con¬
verts to the value of spraying and their
number is slowly growing greater.
Fly Summit, N. Y. H. L. B.
M®cPower
Sprayer
SoIan*
IanK
noT^n
NOf^cegme
Three Sizes — NOVO Jr.,
2^ and 3)4 H. P.
Consists of perfectly standard¬
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and standard pump on strong
but light - weight foundation.
Speed reduction by strong cut
gears.
Engine quickly detachable
from sprayer — for use in other
farm work. Its light weight
makes it readily portable.
FREE BOOK— “How to Spray” -Prof. Taft of
Michigan Agricultural College, writes "Up-to-Date Spray¬
ing.'* It* 8 free upon request •
Hildreth Manufacturing Company
C. E. BEMENT, Sec'y and Csn'l Mgr.
116 Willow Street, LANSING, MICH.
MAKES HIM GLAD AND PROUD
And Ills words are right from Ills heart, for a valuable horse was In the balance and he had spent four
years treating with other thing#*.
Reading, Pa. “I want tho pleasure of writing you a few lines. I must say that you have the best remedy on tho market to-day
and for price it is not a penny too much considering the merit it has. I do not know how to express my slad feelings for you and
the liniment, as it saved me about $400 on my horse, which I had treated with a dozen different remedies and by two of the best
veterinarians, who pronounced the horse incurable. All ask what I did, as he is going sound, and the first time in four years. I
wish you could see him. Everywhere I goon Penn Street or any place the people stand and look at him — I am so proud of him
I don’t know what to do. The people can say all they want about other remedies, but I’ll have * 4 Save-The-Horse.’’ I can hardly
believe tho euro you made and tho way you treated mo in my case. You must excuse me for writing a letter of appreciation like this,
but I can hardly do otherwise with the horse I got now. I remain sincerely yours G. SCHLEIFENHEIXER, Jr., No. 919 No. 9th St.
WE
211 Sand Beach Ave., Bad Axe, Mich.
If you ever want a recommend use me. I have a valuable
mare ; she had a bad bog spavin. I applied “ Savc-The-Horso ”
twice, hitched her to runabout, and have driven her every day
and no one could ever tell sho had any such trouble. Everyone
here said I would never be able to use her again, she was so
lame, but now as frisky as a colt My neighbor is using “Save-
The-Horse ” at my recommend and it is doing the business.
Respectfully, W. H. COOPER, D. D. S.
the fleeting of time and the nrgency of speedy success it means nil in all to every owner of an unsound
horse to use a remedy that will not fail. It is not page advertisements, strong words or questionable
_ • _ h _ l _ . . j t _ i _ j i _ l I _ : - - j rtf rncnlfa nnH vnn anrn v
A. S. VALENTINE & SON, Cigar Makers,
C45 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 9, 1911.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N. Y. :
My pacing horse “ Prince ’’ contracted a bone spavin about
a year ago. I tried all the different remedies generally used,
without results. Had about given up the horse for lost. I was
urged to try “Save-The-Horse,** and after much deliberation I
concluded to buy it. After using it tho horse is sound.
Very truly yours, GEO. H. YALENTINE.
_ _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __o _ _ _ _ _ >sitively protects Pur¬
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“ ^ “ “ loss or hair. Horse worked as usual.© At all druggists, or express paid in U. b. and Canada,
Troy CHEMICAL CO., 24 Commercial Ave, Binghamton, N. Y,
Send for Descriptive Catalogue and see what I consider the varieties to grow for
$ $ $ and cents Prices reasonable C. S. PRATT, Reading, Mass.
800.000 Glen Mary
500,000 Climax
500,000 Stevens L.C.
200,000 Gandy
100,000 Sample
j Strawberry
j Plants
5.000 Lots, $1.50 per 1,000
1,000 Lots, $1.75 per 1,000
KEVITT’S PLANT FARM a’Wj,a
STRAWBERRIES
Plan lo have plenty in your own garden. 100 plants
in three best varieties, $1.00 postpaid.
Geo. R. Schauber, Box R, Ballston Lake, N. Y.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for new Illus. Catalogue for 19! 1. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Dei.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1 .50 & $1 .75 per 1000. Illus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIHDIN, Harily, Del.
DIBBLE’S SEED POTATOES
SOLD OUT
All varieties except Irish Cobblers, Bovees, Green Mountains, Carmans, Raleighs
and Gold CoinL Special prices to close out: single barrel, $3.00; four barrels for
$10.00; ten-barrel lots or over, $2.25 per barrel or $2.10 per sack, Quotations for
immediate acceptance. Mail orders at once.
FULL STOCK SEED corn: STILL ON HAND |
Dibble’s Mammoth Yellow Flint Dibble’s Early Yellow Dent
Dibble’s Improved Learning
Pedigree seed testing, 94%-98%. 2,000 bushels Seed Oats left, but going fast.
Samples and Catalog Free.
Dewdrop Everbearing Strawberry
Largest in the World. Bears First Reason. Free
circular. H. F. DEW, Albion, Mich.
Cu/oof Potato Plante only $2.00 per 1000, special
oWCCl lUlulU l I a 1 1 1 o prices on 5000 lots, Price
list free. W. S. FORD & SON, Hartly, Del.
ADDRESS
EDWARD F. DIBBLE
...SEEDGROWER...
Box B HONEOYE FALLS, N. Y.
New England Corn Growers ! ;
THE COE-MORTIMER PRIZES, AMOUNTING TO $500.00
For the Most Profitable Acre of Field Corn Are Open to All of Yon
It Makes No Difference Whose Fertilizer You Use, or How Much Per Acre
At the urgent request of the Mass. Corn Show we have agreed to offer the $500.00 in three prizes —
1st, $250.00 ; 2nd, $150.00 ; 3rd, $100.00. COPY OF PLAN and our handsome annual memorandum
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BLANKS to PROF. WM. D. HURD, SECRETARY, MASS. CORN SHOW, care of Mass.
Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. (Competition will close on or before November 1st, 1911.)
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers of the Celebrated E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS and PERUVIAN BRANDS
24-26 STONE STREET . NEW YORK CITY
1911.
RURAL? NEW-VORKRR
61©
NEW PLAN OF TOMATO GROWING.
Part II.
Handling and Packing. — Most va¬
rieties, especially the early ones, crack
more or less, causing much trouble and
loss, as the cracked ones spoil very
quickly after being handled, and in wet
weather many rot in the field. To pre¬
vent this, when picking we take off all
that show the least sign of a crack,
though perfectly green, and take them
inside. They do not crack until they
change color from dark to light green.
At this stage the growth is complete
and they ripen just as well off the
vine. The small cracks are no detri¬
ment, but if left out they grow larger
and deeper each day. They are carefully
spread on shelves or any place conven¬
ient for packing. Then we put on can¬
vas gloves, pick out the ripe ones, give
them a quick rub to clean and polish
and pack blossom end up in half-bushel
baskets, being careful to have the bot¬
tom nice as well as the top. We have
few culls, but what there are we sell
as culls, if sold at all. Many will object
to picking them green, as it is generally
thought necessary to good quality that
they be ripened in the sun, but I have
tested it repeatedly and if there is any
difference at all it is very slight. It
saves much loss, and our customers fre¬
quently turn tomatoes away, wait until
we arrive, then pay us 10 cents per
bushel more than they could have got
them for, because they know our toma¬
toes stand up much better than the com¬
mon stock. Again, when it rains those
inside are always dry and ready to pack,
and there is little or no loss in the field.
As to Results. — We had last year
about five square rods more than one-
half acre, half each of early and late.
The early ones pay best, but we did not
keep them separate. Our plants got a
serious setback during a spell of cold
wet weather just after being set in the
cold frame. With a muslin cover I
could not keep out the wet, and a sort
of blight set in. There were black
blotches all over both the stems and
leaves. Although they recovered I
thought I had lost about 10 days’
growth. The tomatoes were sold at
wholesale to the grocerymen and
brought $187.60, no account being made
of those used or canned. I cannot give
the exact number of bushels, but know
it was considerably more than 200. A
neighbor of ours with better facilities
for handling the plants, better garde •
soil, and possibly better management,
using the same system of pruning, more
than doubled our income per acre last
year. However, I feel satisfied with the
suits so far when I consider that my
place only a few years ago was an eye¬
sore to the neighborhood, and that I
was told repeatedly that I could not ex¬
pect to make a living on it. I am trying
gradually to deepen the soil, but can still
find the raw yellow clay at a depth of
about six inches, some places less. With
this heavy clay soil we must compete
with tomatoes from the light sandy soil
of Ohio, but they must pay express and
commission. Our best early tomato is
Isbell’s Earlibell. I think it is identi¬
cal with the Improved Earliana, and I
grow the Stone almost exclusively for
the late crop. I turned under a crop
of rye and used from 250 to 300 pounds
of fertilizer, but no manure. The plants
were set 3x5 feet and given thorough
cultivation. I think this system of prun¬
ing is valuable anywhere for the early
crop, but especially so where there is
difficulty in ripening the crop, and that
I could ripen a crop anywhere where I
could get a good vine growth. Without
it, under our conditions, we would drop
the tomatoes entirely except for our own
B. V. EGBERT.
Pennsylvania.
“Something has got to be done,” de¬
clared Mrs. Toots, “about this pig¬
stealing that is going on in this neigh-
borhood. Three pigs have disappeared
within a week. It’s got so now none of
us are safe.” — Youth’s Companion.
APPLES FOR NORTHERN OHIO
MARKETS.
In an answer to an inquiry from Huron,
Ohio, Mr. Ballou places the Yellow Trans¬
parent ahead of the Tetofsky as a local
market apple. I have never grown the
Yellow Transparent (I am setting a few
this Spring for experiment), but have seen
them in the Akron market for two Summers
and I fail to see where they have anything
over the Tetofsky as a market sort. The
latter beats it about two weeks in first
ripened fruit, and being partly red the drops
sell more readily than those of an apple
which has no beauty until fully mature.
Owing to disease the raspberry market is
pretty bare, and consumers are fairly raven¬
ous for anything which looks like an apple,
and the Tetofsky and Early Harvest both
are earlier than the Transparent in my
own county. The tree is wonderfully hardy
and vigorous and with me is an annual
bearer, although the same branches do not
bear in successive seasons. All five of my
trees have this habit, and I consider it an
advantage over those like the Astrachan
or Baldwin, which bear enormous crops in
alternate years. I pick Summer and early
Fall apples at three or four pickings, and
in this way get good size and mature hand¬
some fruit. My Tetofsky color consider¬
ably, and the latest picking goes in with
Astrachans, and buyers do not notice the
difference. One of my trees, which stands
away from the other four, produces finer
fruit and more highly colored than the
others, and I am using some scions to top-
graft some seedling trees, and shall watch
the result with interest. I have a Baldwin
which has one limb on the southern side
which produces larger and more beautiful
fruit than any other Baldwin on the place,
and I shall set some scions of this also.
If it is really a sport and transmits the
habit it will be a distinct advance, as a
Baldwin nearly as large as a King will be
a sure enough novelty. In regard to the
Yellow Transparent, I have a friend (a
prominent horticulturist) living near Chilli-
cothe, O., who some years ago sold $500
worth of Transparent apples from 100 trees
which had been set less than half a dozen
years. The fact was heralded abroad by
the State Society Report and gave a big
boom for the variety. East Winter I met
the grower and asked him after the welfare
of his Transparent orchard, and he was
not very enthusiastic about it, not having
had any very abundant crop since. Al¬
though he did not exactly say so, I got
the impression that he considered the va¬
riety considerably over-rated. In north¬
eastern Ohio, where the writer lives, the
urban' population has increased wonderfully
in the past 10 years, and there is every
appearance of its continuing, and there will
be a market for a good many apples at a
season when Baldwins are not to be had.
Whether it will be more profitable to cater
to this demand will depend largely upon the
location of the grower. Along the ridges
on the south shore of Lake Erie late Spring
frosts are a rarity, and one can count on
a crop, other conditions being favorable. I
have found at a distance of 30 miles, where
late frosts are not uncommon, that Sum¬
mer and Fall apples are not as easily in¬
jured as Baldwin and many Winter sorts,
and in several frosty years have sold a
good many apples, when if I had only
Winter varieties I should have had none to
sell. The only time when the later Sum¬
mer and early Autumn local market is fully
supplied is at the season of the Lowell,
which seems to have been very generally
planted under the taking non de plume of
Queen Anne. However, during the last two
seasons the demand seems to be overtaking
the supply, which lasts only about a week.
Last year the demand for pie timber was
so fierce that some picked the Lowell and
other later apples when about half grown.
I find myself fortunate in having some
Summer apples to help out my loads in
seasons when some of the vegetables fail,
as sweet corn and tomatoes did last Sum-
mei\ I grow Early Harvest, Tetofsky, As¬
trachan, Western Beauty (Summer or Large
Rambo), Sherwood, Chenango Strawberry,
Ohio Nonpareil, and Maiden Blush. All are
profitable and fill the season from the close
of wheat harvest until about the middle of
October. During November there are no
good desirable apples offered, and we have
to pick Belmont to supply the demand, or
else sell Winter windfalls. Some few
Wealthy are offered, and I am setting some
of this variety and some Winter Rambos
where are nearly mature in November. I
am also setting some (and top-grafting
more) of the Greenville, which is a late-
keeping Maiden Blush, but not so profuse a
bearer. This should help fill the hiatus
between Fall and Winter and give some large
handsome apples for Thanksgiving. There
seems to be a scarcity of many standard
sorts of apples, and prices have been more
than doubled in the last two years. This
scarcity of sorts wanted is not an insuper¬
able objection to apple planting. One can
buy such varieties as are to be had and set
them and next year top-graft to desirable
kinds, getting scions in the neighborhood
from bearing trees. One does not lose much
time and is absolutely certain of the va¬
riety long before it fruits. In the case of a
suburban home, when only two or three
trees can be given room, one can graft two
or more varieties on the same tree. I saw a
picture of a tree which was said to bear
one hundred sorts, being the freak effort
of a horticultural professor. My friend,
W. W. Farnsworth, has been successful in
top-grafting trees the same Spring of plant¬
ing out. He holds the scions dormant in
cold storage until the trees start growth
and then grafts, and thus the graft has an
even start and does as well or better than
by waiting a year. l. b. pierce.
Summit Co., Ohio.
J ■ M
ROOFING
CAN NOT
y
T
s yyyy
v s. szis:
US-
Impartial tests made
by Fire Chiefs, City
Council representa¬
tives, and hundreds of other disinterested persons, prove that
J-M Asbestos Roofing cannot be burned even by the flame of a blow¬
torch — a flame which is intense enough to melt iron. This is a test
many times more severe than any roofing is ever put to in actual use.
This ready-to-lay roofing consists of several layers or sheets of
Asbestos (stone) ’ Felt inseparably cemented together with genuine
Trinidad Lake Asphalt — the two most indestructible things ever
discovered. It contains nothing that can rot, rust, melt, crack or
in any way deteriorate. Even gases, acids, and chemical fumes
do not affect it.
There are hundreds of buildings on which this roofing has been in
service for more than a quarter of a century without a single cent’s
worth of paint or repairs.
Isn’t this the kind of protection you want for your buildings?
J-M Asbestos Roofing is suitable for all classes of buildings— bams, factories’.,
dwellings, etc., whether they have a steep or flat roof. Comes all ready to apply,
with nails, cement and full instructions for applying, packed in each roll.
If not at your dealer’s, our nearest branch will sell you direct; also apply it.
if desired.
This Wonderful Stone Sent FREE
Imagine a real rock from which you can easily pull long thread-like pieces
that are almost as soft and pliable as a silk thread, yet so indestructible that they can’t
burn, and you will have in your mind’s eye a picture of the wonderful Asbestos
Rock as near as words can paint it. But words cannot describe this marvelous
rock. So we’ll send you a sample free, for we know it will convince you
better than anything we can say that J-M Asbestos Roofing, which is made of 1
this indestructible rock, must also be practically everlasting.
Write our nearest Branch now for sample of Crude Asbestos and our
handsomely illustrated Book M 48.
H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.
BALTIMORE DALLAS MILWAUKEE
BOSTON DETROIT r MINNEAPOLIS
BUFFALO KANSAS CITS ASotStOS’ NEW ORLEANS
CHICAGO LONDON 1 NEW YORK
CLEVELAND LOS ANGELES PHILADELPHIA
For Canada:— THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO..
Toronto, Ont. Montreal, Que. Winnipeg, Man.
PITTSBURG
SAN FRANCISCO
SEATTLE
ST LOUIS
1371
LTD.
Vancouver, B. C.
A WONDERFUL FARM TOOL
CLARK’S Ta@pf-DOUBLE_ ACTION CULTI¬
VATOR AND HAR¬
ROW. The most won¬
derful farm tool ever in¬
vented. Two harrows
in one. Throws the dirt
out, then in, leaving the
land level and true. A
labor saver, a time saver,
a crop maker. Perfect centre draft. Jointed pole.
Beware of imitations and infringements. Send today
for FREE Booklet, “ Intensive Cultivation.”
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.
839 Main St., Higganum, Conn.
brown /
Vr
r-r
im
Rust Proof - Bull Strong
33.
Fences for horses, cattle, sheep,
bogs, chickens, etc. 160 styles.
BARGAIN PRICES :
14 Cents Per Rod Up.
We pay the freight. Lawn Fences
and Gates. Free catalog and sample.
Fence & Wire Co.,
DEPT. 59 CLEVELAND, OHIO
CYCLONE
Fences and Gates for Farm, Home,
Parks or Cemeteries. Increase prop¬
erty values. Strong, Lasting, Hand¬
some. Easily erected— all heights up to 10 feet. Our
catalog and prices will interest you. We pay freight.
The Cyclone Woven Wire fence Co.
1246 E 55th STREET C LE V ELA N D, O H IO
ORNAMENTAL FENCE. Cheaper and
far better than wood for Lawns,
Churches, Cemeteries. Also Poul-
try anil Farm Fence. Free Catalog.
Wlrte for Special Offer.
FENCB t’O. Box 945 lleeatur. Ind.
We Want a Man
IN YOlJIl VICINITY
To show every telephone user our
“NO RISK” Lightning fir rest er$
One agent writes: “I sold over 750 ‘No
Risk’ Arresters and made a friend at each
home.” Easy to sell, easy to install and
operate. Several persons killed recently
and so much damage caused by
lightning coming in over the ’phone .
wire, people want and demand the (
best protection they can get. We
allow our representatives a large
commission and they make good money. Write today
for our free book and splendid proposition. Do it now.
W. E. ASHBY 1EEPH0NE CUT OUT CO., 418 LOCUS! SI., OES MOINES, IOWA.
HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS
.Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a springs
| wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.,
I bring more money. Ask for special proposition.
I Harvey Spring Co., 71(5- 17th St, Racine, Wla.
GUARANTEED
Cents a Rod
Forl8-ln. 14 3-4efor 22-ln. Hog
Fence; 15e for 26-lnch; 18 8-4e
for 32-lnch; 25e for a 47-lnch
Farm Fence. 48-inch Poultry
fence 28 l-2e. Sold on 30 days
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb
Wire $1.45 Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN BROS.,
Box 230 MUNCIE, IND.
FROST
WIRE FENCES
Extra Heavyweight Farm Fences. Built I
lor service and satisfaction. Quality |
first consideration. Best materia 1 and
workmanship used In our Woven
Wire or Field Erected Fences.
Ask vour dealer. FREE catalog.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dipt. II Cleveland, O.
FENCES
0 0
IW
MADE. Bull-
strong chick¬
en-tight Sold to the user at Wholesale
Prices. Wo l’ay Freight. Catalogue free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,
Box 263 Winchester, Indiana.
IN MEMORY OF THE DEAD
m
mm
[Remember the sacred duty you owe the dead |
REPUBLIC CEMETERY FENCES AND GATES
Will protect and beautify the resting place of your departed loved |
ones. They are inexpensive and almost everlasting. Made of large I
heavily galvanized rustproof wires. Exclusive, attractive designs. I
Special prices to churches and cemeteries.|
A Postal Will Bring Our Catalog.
Republic Fence 4 Gate Co., 211 Republic St., N. Chicago, Ill.
620
THE RURAL. NEW-VORKER
April 22,
OLD FRIENDS AND NEW.
From an Old New Yorker.
Years ago, even “befo’ de wab,” my
father, in New York State, subscribed regu¬
larly for The R. N.-Y. It was the farmer’s
vade meeum, and D. D. T. Moore was one
of the greatest men in the world. Later,
during years of professional work, I missed
The Rural, but now, in Ohio, am greatly
enjoying the weekly visits of my old boy¬
hood friend. It has been a special pleas¬
ure to read articles contributed by my
schoolmates, T. II. King and D. II. Ayers,
and by my old friend, A. C. Peterson.
When I began to read The It. N.-Y. again I
found that there was at least one news¬
paper in the United States that was in¬
dependent enough to fight all frauds and
fakers. Your work in exposing E. G.
Lewis entitles you to the admiration of
every American citizen. Your excoriation
of Bailey, of Texas, for fighting the peo¬
ple’s parcels post bill, was appreciated,
lie is the same Bailey who defended the
luscious Lorimer, and who denounced the
constitution of Arizona, the best constitu¬
tion every presented by a Territory about
to become a State ; a constitution for the
citizens rather than for the corporations,
for the people rather than for the politi¬
cians. “Hence these tears” of the trusts
and the big and little bosses. This consti¬
tution is worth more than a glance. Let
me recall some of its safe and sane pro¬
visions :
It includes the initiative, the referendum,
and the recall (what the people are pining
for). Direct primaries. (Remember Charles
E. Hughes.) Advisory primary for United
States Senators. Amendment of the con¬
stitution upon initiative of fifteen per cent
of the voters. The publication of campaign
expenses. The prohibition of lobbying.
Non-partisan election of judges. Juvenile
court, with the age of criminal responsibil¬
ity fixed at 18. Rigid supervision of cor¬
porations. Physical valuation of railroads
as a basis for rate x-egulation. Municipal
home rule. Officers to be paid fixed salaries.
No franchise to be granted for longer than
20 years. Shareholders in corporations to
be held individually responsible for debts.
Monopolies and trusts never to be allowed.
Employers compelled to make careful pro¬
vision for the safety of their employees.
Children under age protected. Polygamous
marriages forever prohibited. Public ser¬
vice corporations to receive and transport
property without delay or discrimination.
No corporation to issue stock except to
bona fide subscribers ; all fictitious increase
of stock or indebtedness to be void. The
last section of Article Ten reads : “No in¬
dividual, corporation or association shall
ever be allowed to purchase or lease more
than 160 acres of agricultural land, or more
than 640 acres of grazing land.”
Hamilton Co., Ohio. lewis halsey.
Short Term Begins Long Friendship.
Find enclosed my remittance of one dol¬
lar. I am not a farmer, but I enjoy the
paper very much. If you would like to
know I will tell you how I happened to get
the paper. I am a paving cutter by trade,
and own my own house and seven acres of
land, which is mostly rocks. I raise about
all of my vegetables and keep a cow, and
my wife has 16 hens, and I also have 10
apple trees six years old. I was talking
with a fellow workman in Stonington, Me.,
where I was working at that time, about
taking some farm paper. He says :
“Why don’t you take The R. N.-Y.? You
can get it 10 weeks for 10 cents.” I asked
him where to send.
“Oh,” he said, “I will send and get it
for you.”
Pretty good fellow, wasn’t he? I like
your paper ever so much, good clean read¬
ing, and then you take up the workingman’s
side, and there are so few of the papers
that do that. I would like to see the
Hope Farm man. I believe that he is a
Christian, as he seems to get so much out
of a little. I have not mentioned the best
thing here ; I have five children, all under
school age except the eldest boy ; he will be
16 years old to-morrow, and he is working
with me as an apprentice. I have always
believed in giving a boy or girl a good
practical education, or in other words, to
teach them to work with their hands as
well as their heads. It is dreary here in
Winter, but fine in Summer. We live on a
little island at the mouth of Penobscot Bay.
We have about 750 inhabitants, and are
connected by cable with the mainland, so it
isn’t so bad. warren staples.
Maine.
A Farm Boy Comes Back.
In my early manhood I lived on a farm,
and for many years The It. N.-Y. was my
most valued paper. I would as soon have
thought of farming without a plow as
without The R. N.-lr. It helped me make
and save many dollars as well as in¬
structed me in some of the higher refine¬
ments of country life. But in middle age
time changed with me. I engaged in busi¬
ness in the city and moved there to be
near my work. I have been fairly pros¬
perous and happy in my later home, but I
missed many of the joys of the country,
among them The R. N.-Y'., which I no
longer received after moving to the city.
After a few years I determined I would
not remain entirely out of touch with the
soil, and in the rear portion of my lot I
established a garden which I dig and plant
with my own labor, and the pleasure of
the work and of the fruits thereof have
been beyond all calculation. I still missed
something, and until a year or so ago did
not realize what it was. A visit to some
friends in the country brought me in touch
again with The It. N.-Y., and I saw at once
what I needed in my little garden work. I
sent in my subscription and I find The
R. N.-Y'. as indispensable to me as it once
was to my farm life. I believe The R.
N.-Y'. to be not only the best farm paper
but the best garden paper, the best fruit
paper, and tbe best poultry paper. My
garden is 50 by 70 feet. I could tell some
large stories of yields, but will not bother
about that. As I garden for pleasure, I
sell nothing, giving away the surplus, so I
do not keep a financial account. The profit
I derive from my garden could not be ex¬
pressed in money. The point that concerns
you most is that The R. N.-Y. is extremely
valuable to the cultivator of one-tenth
of an acre. It is in my judgment corre¬
spondingly so to him who works many acres.
Monroe Co., N. Y. w. a. landers.
Heading Off Cutworms and Other Pests.
I read Mr. Thomas’ way to beat the cut¬
worm, and while it is good, yet I have a
cheaper and easier way that I have fol¬
lowed for many years. Rabbits are bad in
cutting cabbage and celery, and cutworms
equally as bad on the tomato and pepper
plants. I collect through tbe Fall as many
tin cans that have been used in the can¬
neries, and by throwing them in the fire un¬
solder and remove the ends, leaving a nice
cylinder to put over the plant when we set
it in the open ground. I push the cylinder
slightly in the soil when setting it. In
case of frost, a sheet of paper placed on
the cylinder will ward off all danger, and
the plants are protected from winds sway¬
ing them about. There is a large cannery
here, and in the season they have many de¬
fective cans. These can be had for hauling
them away. Restaurants, hotels or board¬
ing houses also have them, and are glad to
get rid of them. The labor in using these
is much less than in the way Mr. Thomas
does. I have followed this plan for all of
50 years. Not a plant need be lost by at¬
tention to business. I never move the
cylinder till when cleaning up ; if any afe
fit for a second use they are kept over. In
unsoldering the cans I build a brush heap
and fire it and toss the cans in — when the
fire dies out we have them ready for use.
Indiana. J. H. H.
LOW— EASIEST TO LOAD
Broad tires, no rutting. Quick changes from sowing
In rows to broadcasting, also for thick and thin
spreading. Furnished with shafts or tongue.
Write for descriptive circulars and testimonials.
Special Large Size, Sowt 8 Feet 3 Inches Wide.
BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO.
Box 75 Chicopee Falls, Mass.
Fertilizer > Sower
For Broadcast
Top-dressing
or Sowing
in Rows
Spreads to width
of 6 ft. 10 Inches,
200 to 4000 lbs.
per acre.
Handles
All
Commer¬
cial
Fertilizers
Made for.
Work-Wear
YET SO EASY IN ACTION
A CIRL OR BOY OF SIXTEEN
CAN OPERATE IT
*yCUmVAT0R
No pushing or pulling the shovels from
one side to the other. Just a touch of the
foot and the wheels and shovels move e sily
and quickly to right or left. No stopping the
machine to regulate the width between gangs
or the depth of the shovels.
Uneven Land, Crooked Rows and Hillsides
as Easily Cultivated as Level Ground.
Made in high and low wheel and
KRAU8 pivot gang. Built entirely
of steel and malleable iron.
Every possible adjustment.
Light Draft. Perfect balance.
Choice of 26 different equip¬
ments gives you just the one you
Deed for your work. Also the
Clipper llammoeb Seat and the
Carpo Walker. Don’t accept a sub¬
stitute. If your dealer does not
handle tbe KRAUS write us for
full descriptive catalogue.
AKRON CULTIVATOR CO.
— DEPT. 18 AKRON, OHIO
How long do you want
your Wagons to last?
yy
— Asks the Little
Paint Man
How long do you think they will
last if they are left out in rain and
shine without even a patch of paint
to protect them ?
A wagon that stands outside the year around and is not re¬
painted will last six or maybe seven years, but it won’t be very
good toward the end of that time. A wagon that is repainted,
both the ironwork and woodwork, about once or twice a year,
will last fifteen or twenty years, and will be good all the time
it lasts.
It means only a few dollars for paint and only a few hours
of your time to do this, and the profit to you is the difference
between the cost of one wagon and three wagons.
This is just as good a way to make money as it is to get a
few cents a bushel more for your wheat. It applies just as
much to mowers, reapers and binders as it does to wagons.
I wish you would ask me to send you my little booklet,
“Paints and Varnishes for the Farm,” and when you get it,
read it, and when you read it, act on it and see if this is not a
money-saving tip.
Address THE LITTLE PAINT MAN, care of
Sher win -Willi ams
PAINTS 8- VARNISHES
635 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. In Canada, 897 Centre Street, Montreal
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask for color cards
P the man behind the Plow wants a Good Fertilizer. For the
L armers, Land’s sake give him the real Farm Chemical, such as
Nitrate of Soda
Sulphate of Potash
Muriate of Potash
Kainit
Our 40 years of experience, prompt service, best [facilities, are back of every bag of these Genuine Materials.
We advise to buy now, prompt service. Write us for Prices TO-DAY. Any amount from 200-Ib. bag up.
FARMERS UNITED CHEMICAL CO.,
Box 317, Reading, Pa.
Try the 'DELIN'
ff/f/r fb a r Money in Voi/r Poc A ef
Try it for 30 days on your own roads; then,
if you find it entirely satisfactory , you pay
us. Buggies— all styles-and harness at lowest
wholesale prices, direct to you, on approval.
No Cash With Order-No Deposit
“DELIN” offers more liberal terms and
better values than you can get elsewhere.
Our FREE 1911 Catalog gives full information . Shown
metal auto seat buggies and hundreds
of other dandy styles. Get acquainted
with the values we offer also with our
exclusive “DELIN'* terms. Write for
FREE. CATALOG Today.
The Delin Carriage Co.
173*, Central Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio
IRELAND
HAY HOIST
GEARED
Saves one man
and team. Man
on load operates
machine by pull¬
ing a small rope
attached to lever
whenever he has the fork
Cipsdty or sling full, ready to
1500 Lbs. hoist. The machine stops
instantly when he releases lever rope, drop-
ping load at any point. Only 3 H. P. gasoline engine requir¬
ed. Takes off a load of hay, ice or anything that has to bo
elevated to a height, quicker and easier than any machine on
the market.
WRITE TODAY FOR FULL PARTICULARS about Single
Drum, Double Drum and Self Acting Brake. Give speed
of engino and size of drive pulley.
IRELAND MACHINE & FOUNDRY CO.
14 State Street, Norwich, N. Y.
zrrrt
Put elate on your roof and you’ll keep dollars in your
pocket. No more leaks or expensive repairs. Nothing
equals Q|iri nnU’Q SEA GREEN AND PURPLE
oncLUun o roofing slate
for durability, strength and economy.
The first cost no greater than high-priced prepared
roofing or shingles. Slate does not rust or water soak
will not melt — not affected by climate. Our free book !
"The Roof Question” tells why. Write ub today about)
your wants. Special prices on car lota.
F. C. ShddOll Slate Co. Granville,*N.Y.
Manufacturers of all
kinds of fruit baskets
and crates. Write for
Catalogue and Price
List.
WEBSTER BASKET COMPANY,
Box 431. Webster. Monroe Co.. N. Y.
SfiaRe With An American
r
N Lumber is high. A car load or two pays
|J for an American Mill. Supply your needs
P and your neighbors’. No experience needed.
U Haul mill to timber if desired. All Sizes —
\ All Prices. The Variable Friction Feed,
••Combined Ratchet Set Works and Quick Receder
*• ■ ” means most work
with least power.
Free Catalogue
lists all kinds of
wood working ma-
chinery. Ask for it.
AmerlrRn Saw H1U
machinery Co.
129 Hope St.
HackettKlown, N. J.
1582 Terminal
Buildings
New York
SPLENDID CROPS
Saskatchewan (Western Canada)
800 Bushels From 20 Acres
of wheat was the thresher’s re¬
turn from a Lloydm inster farm
in the season of 1910. Many
fields in that as well as other
districts yielded from 26 to 35
bushels of wheat to the acre.
Other grains in proportion.
Large Profits
are thus derived from the
FKEE HOMESTEAD
LANDS of Western Canada.
This excellent showing ouuses prices
to advance. Land values should double
in two years’ time.
Grain growing, mixed farming,
cattle raising and dairying are all
profitable. Free Homesteads of 160
acres are to be had In the very best
districts; 160-acre pre-emptions at
$3.00 per acre within certain areas.
Schools and churches lu every set¬
tlement, climate unexcelled, soil
the richest; wood, water and build¬
ing material plentiful.
For low Bottlers’ railway rates and iliastra-
ted pamphlet, "Last Best West,” and other in¬
formation, write to Sup’t of lrnuiig., Ottawa,
Cau., or Can. Gov't Agt. 162)
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent. 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
621
QUESTIONS ABOUT HAIRY VETCH.
Since the publication of the articles on
Hairy vetch by Mr. Shamel there have been
so many questions about this crop that it
seems desirable to give more attention to
it — as is done below :
Time for Sowing Hairy Vetch. — For
cover crop purposes, in general the best
time is from August 15 to September 15,
although the exact time for sowing must
depend on circumstances. In cornfields
I would recommend sowing during
August, in tobacco fields as soon as the
tobacco crop has been removed, and in
orchards the latter part of August or
early September. For seed production,
sow one bushel of vetch seed with about
one-half bushel of rye seed per acre dur¬
ing the first two weeks In September.
Cut the vetch and rye when a majority
of the vetch pods are ripe, and before
they begin to “pop” open. The best
time for cutting the vetch seed crop can
only be determined from experience.
After cutting, pile in small cocks until
Facts Wanted About Lime-Sulphur.
R., Essex , N. Y. — I have read everything
I could get hold of about spraying with
lime-sulphur, but am afraid I do not know
much about it yet. The article on pages
160-161, by W. H., contains the most infor¬
mation for me of any I have seen. I would
like to know if the stone lime, such as is
used for building purposes, is all right ; if
not, where can I get some that is? Also,
does the solution need agitating while spray¬
ing? Would it be better for me to buy the
concentrate or make it for 225 quite large
trees slightly affected with Oyster-shell
scale? A neighbor has an orchard of about
the same size that he wishes me to spray,
as I have ordered a power outfit, and if I
can get things to work right will do so.
Altogether this would make about 450 trees.
Can you tell me anything about how much
I should make or buy for the first spraying?
. Ans. — The stone lime generally used
for building is all right if it tests 90 per
cent or over of calcium oxide. It is bet¬
ter to keep the mixture agitated, and if
lime is used for a marker it must be
agitated. My opinion has always been
that any trees that need spraying need
a good application. We have never been
able to do it satisfactorily, to us, with
ENDLESS BELT
/ J JLOLLER
VETCH SEED
ROLLER \
CRANK FOR
TURNING CANVAS
\ELT COWARDS
i TOP OF INCLINE
_ i t;
\cetchbinJ
3 FT WIDE CANVAS ENDLESS BELT
FRAME
rye a///
A'
MACHINE FOR SEPARATING RYE AND VETCH SEEDS. Fig. 177.
thoroughly dry. If possible cover the
cocks to protect the seed pods.
Method of Thrashing Seed. — If only
a small crop is grown, and no power
thrasher is available, the seed can be
thrashed out satisfactorily with flails.
The ordinary grain thrasher can be used
with a little adjustment of the sieves
and concaves. In several cases small
thrashers run by gasoline engines are
used, the thrasher being owned coopera¬
tively by a neighborhood. Inquiry of
implement dealers will usually result in
the address of manufacturers of small
thrashers.
Method of Separating Vetch and
Rye. — The method used by Mr. Brewer
and the writer was suggested by Prof.
W. W. Tracey, of the U. S. Department
of Agriculture. The first machine was
a homemade affair costing practically
nothing. Later a power separator was
devised, costing about $25. The rough
sketch, Fig. 177, illustrates the principle
of the separator, which can be modified
to suit individual conditions.
The mixed seed is thrown on the in¬
clined canvas belt at about point A. The-
round vetch seed will roll down the belt
and fall into the vetch bin, while the rye
seeds will be caught on the nap of the
cloth belt and be carried up over the top,
falling into the rye bin. A hopper can
be used for holding the mixed seed, and
so regulated as to let the seed fall on
the belt in a uniform manner. Power
can be utilized for running the belt if
desired by attaching a belt wheel to the
upper roller instead of crank.
Sources of Seed. — It will probably be
impossible to secure an adequate supply
of acclimated seed, as it is contracted
for months ahead in the neighborhoods
where it is raised. If it cannot be ob¬
tained, I would recommend the sowing
of a small acreage of imported Hairy
vetch (Vicia villosa) seed, which can be
stcured from any reliable seed firm. In
this way the seed can be acclimated and
adapted to local conditions, if the work
is carried on for several years. There is
no reason why most farmers cannot de¬
velop their own supply of seed, but if it
is not practicable I would urge careful
trials of imported seed. If several farm¬
ers will club together and import their
own seed a considerable saving can be
effected. Much of the vetch seed (V.
sativa) used in California is imported
directly by the farmers.
Vetch for Southern Districts. — In
southern districts Summer vetch, some¬
times called Oregon vetch (Vicia sa-
tiva), will probably be worthy of trial.
Seed of this species can be obtained
from most seed houses, as it is grown
extensively for seed in the Northwest.
Hairy vetch has been found to be valu¬
able in many southern districts for cover
crop and forage crop purposes. In sow¬
ing vetch for seed it is not desirable to
sow it in very rich soil, as the vetch and
rye plants make such a rank growth un¬
der these conditions that the crop is
hkely to lodge and make harvesting a
difficult matter. a. d. shamel.
less than about 12 gallons per tree for
fairly large trees; 450 trees then would
take about 5,400 gallons, or 108 barrels
of diluted mixture. If you have scale
it is not safe to reduce a 33° B. mixture
much lower than one to eight. This
would take about 12 barrels of concen¬
trate. If you have no scale, then one
to 11 would be about right; this would
take nine barrels. If you make your
own it will take about 25 per cent more
of the concentrate, as it will not stand
so much dilution. As to whether you
should buy or make it will depend
largely on time and facilities. To buy
12 barrels would cost from $110 to $120.
To make its equivalent would cost per¬
haps $40, and would take with steam
and two barrels about three days, and
v ith a good kettle from four to five
days. w. H.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
COFFEE CONGESTION
Causes a Variety of Ails.
A happy old lady in Wisconsin says :
“During the time I was a’ coffee
drinker I was subject to sick headaches,
sometimes lasting 2 or 3 days, totally
unfitting me for anything.
“To this affliction was added, some
years ago, a trouble with my heart that
was very painful, accompanied by a
smothering sensation and faintness.
“Dyspepsia, also, came to make life
harder to bear. I took all sorts of patent
i medicines, but none of them helped me
for any length of time.
“The doctors frequently told me that
coffee was not good for me ; but without
coffee I felt as if I had no breakfast.
I finally decided about 2 years ago to
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as I had read a great deal about Postum
I concluded to try that for a breakfast
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“I liked the taste of it and was par¬
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know my wonderful restoration to health
came from quitting coffee and using
Postum.” Name given by the Postum
Co., Battle Creek, Mich.
“There’s a reason,” and it is this : Cof¬
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some people, and causes partial conges¬
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Read the little book, “The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter? A new one
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When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
A profitable
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Loading carriers with asphalt at Trinidad Lake
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the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing
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3. What it saves
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2. Genasco costs about the same in
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The Barber Asphalt
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Largwt producers of asphalt, and larges*
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*The Rogers & Hubbard Co.
Middletown, Conn.,
Send for Free Almanac telling all about
the Hubbard “ Bone Base ” Fertilizers.
Rutland Co., Vt., Jan. 6, 1911.
The Rogers & Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.
Gentlemen I got last year 200 bu. of
ears of Corn, 700 bu. of Onions, $300.00
worth of Raspberries and $600.00 worth of
Strawberries to the acre, fertilized en¬
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use. That is a satisfactory result on our
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“Pretty thin pickings.”
Yours truly,
W. W. Goodnow.
622
THE RUHAIt NEW-VORKER
Hope Farm Notes
We left our little tree standing in the
ground. What then? At Hope Farm
we have tried some half dozen different
plans for handling the trees. At one ex¬
treme is the sod mulch. One block of
apple trees was put into the unbroken
sod seven years ago. There they have
stood ever since, without any plowing or
cultivating. Now and then a few fork¬
fuls of manure have been thrown around
them and weeds, waste, stalks, etc., have
been hauled in and dumped. The grass
has been cut and about half of it taken
out as hay — the rest piled around the
trees. Twice during this time a light
application of fertilizer has been made
all over the grass. These trees have
grown well, and the McIntosh and Ben
Davis are now well covered with fruit
buds. The location is on the east side
of a steep hill — the soil being naturally
moist. I would suggest this plan on
moist, natural grass lands where the
owner is obliged to save labor. I would
not try it, from our own experience, on
light or dry soils unless there was some
way of getting a large supply of man-
nure or straw to put around the trees.
In another part of the orchard we be¬
gan by plowing a few furrows along
each side of the row, using the cultivator
on these strips. These strips can be
made wider with each year, or the mid¬
dles can be left in grass or clover. We
find that we can leave a strip of rye
about twenty feet wide in these mid¬
dles, cut it for grass and straw and disk
up the stubble and sow rye again. This
comes close to paying the cost of work¬
ing the trees, or the straw can be used
for mulching. Hereafter I expect to
sow Hairy vetch with the rye. The re¬
verse of this practise is to plow the mid¬
dles and leave strips of sod about 10
feet wide along the trees. The middles
can be planted in corn, beans or similar
crops, while the strips along the rows
are cut with the scythe — the grass and
weeds being put around the trees. This
sod strip method is safer for the trees,
as there is no danger of barking them
with the cultivator. On the other hand,
I think the trees make a little better
growth when the plowing and cultivating
is done near them. As our trees are
headed down very low most plowmen
do not like to work close to them.
Either of these plans will work well on
rough or steep hillsides. The strips of
low crops along the rows or in the mid¬
dles will prevent washing by holding the
flow of water, the labor is about one-
third that of “intense culture,” and the
crops given in the middles will nearly
pay the cost.
On another part of the orchard we
have plowed regularly and planted corn
in hills. For this purpose we use a
small, low-growing flint, which rarely
grows over five feet high and makes
many small ears. We fertilize this corn
and give good culture, and usually in
early August sow a mixture of Crimson
clover and Cow-horn turnips over the
field and cultivate it in. What is left
of this cover crop is plowed under in
Spring. After a fair trial of this we
shall give it up. The trees have made
a fine growth under this treatment, and
fair crops of corn have been grown, but
I am convinced that after six years old
if you are to plow and work the whole
of an apple orchard von would better
keep other crops out of it.
Still another plan is the familiar one
of plowing the orchard and working it
constantly through the Summer with the
Acme or the spring-tooth harrow. We
have tried that on several fields, and
there can be no doubt that this form of
culture drives the trees into growth. We
have also various modifications of the
above plans. As the result of about
ten years’ observation our plans this
year will be about as follows : Within
three weeks after planting the little
trees we expect to plow four or five
furrows on each side of the rows and
keep these strips cultivated. If we can
find time for it before the middle of June
the middles will also be plowed and
white beans or cow peas planted in hills.
They will be cultivated — the vines later
being put around the trees as a mulch.
All the rest of our orchards are in sod
or in rye. The older trees will be left
in sod with such manure as we have put
on and fertilizer added. The grass will
mostly be left on the ground. On the
hill among the rye we shall plow five
or six feet on each side of the tree rows,
cultivate thoroughly on this strip and let
the rye go to grain — disk the stubble
and sow vetch and rye all over — up to
the trees. We have settled upon this
plan as best for our situation. On two
blocks of trees we shall try “intense cul¬
ture” still further. One is a block of
peach trees — the other mixed peach and
apple. These will be plowed early and
then worked up to August, when rye and
vetch will be seeded. We have demon¬
strated, I think, that on moist, natural
grass lands a good apple orchard can
be developed from the sod without any
cultivation whatever. This can also be
done on lighter lands where it is possible
to get manure, straw or trash to pile
around the trees. On many of our
eastern farms this mulching material is
hard to find, and on thin old land grass
is scanty. In order to practise mulch¬
ing successfully you must have a sod
almost like a lawn, and you cannot get
that on thin, shallow hill soil without
the most careful culture and heavy feed¬
ing. We have worked to develop what
may be called a “rough and ready
orchard,” and we find that on this one
hilly farm no single system can be said
to be best for all conditions.
As for fertilizers, probably the simplest
plan would be to use a standard mixture
of three parts of fine ground bone to one
of sulphate of potash. Then, if the tree
does not grow as it ought to, add nitrate
of soda as needed. I could not tell how
much to use to a tree — we go pretty
much by the tree’s general appearance.
The bone meal and potash will usually
be enough for a tree up to five or six
years old, on fair soil. If it does not
grow and looks dumpy and light-colored
add nitrate, but be sure this dull condi¬
tion is not due to borers or scale or
disease, for all the nitrate that ever was
mined will not overcome these things.
An ideal way for a farmer or fruit
grower to feed his crops is to provide
all) or nearly all, of his needed organic
nitrogen from the farm by growing
clover, peas or beans, vetch or Alfalfa.
In that case he will need to try only
nitrate to give quick growth when
needed. In phosphoric acid we have a
wide- range in bone, acid phosphate and
basic slag. I like ground bone, but it
is expensive and more or less adul¬
terated. Acid phosphate is soluble and
is particularly good for use on the soil,
since the trees must have something that
will dissolve and be carried into the soil
at once. That is why a mixture of acid
phosphate, nitrate and potash is usually
preferred in soil culture. All these
chemicals are soluble, and they will get
down. One objection to acid phosphate
is that it is sour, and continued use of it
adds to the acid in the soil. In our
country we have too much of this now.
That is one reason why bone is better,
and in many localities basic slag is
better yet, for it contains a large amount
of lime, and will sweeten the soil. I
would rather use the slag on cultivated
orchards, for it will prove more satis¬
factory when worked into the soil rather
than left on top. Sulphate of potash
costs more than the muriate, but in the
long run for fruit growers I think it will
pay to use sulphate. This is especially
true where your soil needs lime, or
where you are using lime, for the muriate
will combine to take the lime out of the
soil. For the little tree set this year on
poor ground we shall throw a good-
sized handful around each tree — not
close up, but in a spread of two feet.
Then hoe or cultivate in, and if you
can get weeds, manure, sods — trash of
any sort — put it around the trees. When
you come to mulch the large young trees
do not pile the stuff close up around the
trunk. Get it out, away from them
where it is needed. In weeding straw¬
berries and garden crops we put the
weeds in baskets or crates and dump it
all around the trees.
When it comes to pruning we shall
do little of it this year, since the seven-
teen-year locusts are upon us. Later I
will show some pictures of our trees
which will illustrate pruning better than
I can describe it. This promises to be
a good apple year with us and we have
arsenate of lead for the Codling worm
and its friends. H. w. c.
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Figure on
Painting
This Spring
A second short flax
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Get at your dealer’s
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White Lead, 4 gals, pure
linseed oil, 1 gal. tur¬
pentine, 1 pint turpentine drier— this makes
8 gallons of old-fashioned paint.
Compare this cost, either by the gallon or by
the job. with what you used to pay for paint.
You’ll find the difference so small that you
can’t afford to put off painting, or to paint with
anything except “Dutch Boy Painter
Lead. Write for free Painting Helps No. 1408
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
Offices in the ftllnuing cities:
New York Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati Cleveland St. Loma
San Francisco
(John T. Lewis A Bros. Co..
Philadelphia)
(National Lead and Oil Co..
Pittsburgh)
it
FUMA
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“The wheels of the gods
grind slow but exceed¬
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Bw”th “Fuma Carbon Bisulphide’ll Sffi
EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Van, N. V.
c
SEND FOR THE FREE BOOKLET
TELLING ALL ABOUT FORMALDEHYDE
Every farmer and housewife should know the multitude of
uses for this best and cheapest of all disinfectants. Has no equal
in making pure and healthy all unclean or disease-laden clothing,
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PERTH AMBOY CHEMICAL COMPANY
100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK
1011.
THE RURAL- NEW-YORKER
S 23
Ruralisms
A TALK ABOUT GRAPES.
One of the newer grapes which seems
to excite nothing but favorable comment
is the King, introduced by Munson of
Michigan. It is a chance seedling ap¬
parently of Concord blood, but surpasses
that standard in several particulars. The
berries are extra large, tough-skinned,
good quality; the vines are hardy and
very vigorous. The clusters are shorter
and more compact than the Concord.
In all it has the appearance of a fine
market variety whose size will always
make it a good seller. The one year it
has borne here won for it a good im¬
pression. Worden is a fine grape here
so far as heavy bearing of large clusters
of showy grapes are concerned, but it is
forever barred from popular favor by its
habit of ripening unevenly. It is said
this can largely be avoided by close prun¬
ing, but the average grower cannot be
educated to cater to individual peculiar¬
ities. He will continue to prune all va¬
rieties according to one rule, and those
which do not respond will be discarded.
One thing is certain, and that is that too
heavy a crop will produce uneven ripen¬
ing, even in the Concord. Still there
are some varieties that have never shown
also passed over for the blacks. The |
Delaware, if given rich soil, is a heavy
producer of its small bunches, compar¬
ing even with the Green Mountain. YVith
a little special fertilizing it could be made
profitable for market, especially at the
extra price it always commands. For
an extra early the Green Mountain will
be hard to displace, because of its fine
all-round qualities, and especially by rea¬
son of its high quality. It is the first
grape here that is sweet enough to be
eaten. The black rot is prevalent here
in the Middle West, and vines must be
sprayed to insure sound fruit. Very
luckily, however, the grape excels the
tree fruits in having a number of varie¬
ties that are practically immune from
the rot. This is of great importance to
the small householder who cannot be
made to undertake spraying. It is also
of service to the larger vineyardist, who
sometimes finds his spraying inadequate
on account of a rainy season or some
such contingency. As a rule these rot-
proof grapes are not of the highest
quality, but would be highly prized in
the absence of all others. Among these
sorts are the Ives, Montefiore, Norton’s
Virginia, all black ; white, Elvira ; red,
Perkins. Besides these there are several
which can usually be relied on for ex¬
emption. Some of these are the Early
Ohio, Delaware, Woodruff, Wyoming
Red, Lutie and Green Mountain. It will
THE NEW KING GRAPE. Fig. 178.
this sign of protest against unfair bur¬
dens, such as Campbell’s Early and Ives.
Ives is never included in a list of table
grapes, but canned, with pulp and skin
separated, _we find it the best of all. Thus
prepared it is rich and appetizing and
relished by the sick. It is a Ben Davis
among grapes, flourishing in any kind of
a soil, always to be relied on for a large
crop and among the first to color, though
not to ripen. It is largely raised for
wine. I should include it among a fam¬
ily collection for its never-failing qual¬
ities of production under all conditions.
It also should have close pruning, for
with the usual amount of wood it will
load itself to excess.
The Lutie is another sterling producer
of heavy annual crops that commends
itself to the multitude. It is red in color,
a little under medium in bunch and ber¬
ry, firm, compact, fair in quality and
sells well; vigorous and hardy in vine,
and a good match for the Ives, but bet¬
ter in quality. Moore’s Diamond and
Niagara run so close a race here that it
is hard to decide between them. They
are both large and beautiful in cluster
and well matched in all respects. If I
had to make a choice, I believe I should
take Moore’s, but, beautiful as they are,
they do not sell equal to the blacks. For
market I should plant 10 blacks to one
white. The reds are more attractive to .
the public, but where the excellence of
the Delaware is unknown I have seen it
be admitted that this is not a bad col¬
lection, and that one could live very con¬
tentedly if debarred from all others. As
cheap precautions against the rot we are
collecting all mummied grapes in bas¬
kets as we prune and burning them ; we
are also plowing the middles quite early
so as to turn under any rot recept.' les
that may be on the ground.
Missouri has some cause to be proud
of her record in connection with spray¬
ing. It was in the Ozarks that Prof. W.
M. Scott of the Bureau of Plant Indus¬
try made his famous experiments that
demonstrated the value of the self-boiled
lime-sulphur as a fungicide for trees in
foliage. Since then this spray has largely
displaced the Bordeaux Mixture. It is
cheaper, more easily prepared and much
more comprehensive, for it proves to be
an insecticide (when a contact spray will
answer) as well as a fungicide. It was
also in Missouri that Prof. Estes P. Tay¬
lor, in charge of a sub-station for fruit
experimentation, discovered that arsenate
of lead alone is a fairly good specific
for peach rot by destroying the curculio
and thus preventing the puncture of the
peach skin through which it was found
the rot spores made their chief entry.
He also discovered that this two pounds
of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of water
had an unguessed fungicidal power by
which it controlled the scab.
L. R. JOHNSON.
Cape Girardeau Co., Mo.
“ The Right Hand of Strength
INFORMATION
ON THE USES
OF CEMENT
Every progressive farmer should
possess one or more of the carefully
compiled booklets that make up the
“ DEXTER ” library. Each sub¬
ject is treated clearly, concisely and
author i tatively— f u 11 information
of constant value in and about the
farm. The booklets you want will
be sent free on request.
(A) Mixing; and Placing of Cement.
(B) Stucco (Cement) Finish.
(C) Cement Surface Finish.
(D) Hollow Block Specifications.
(E) Sidewalk Specifications.
( F) Concrete Tanks and
Watering 1 roughs.
(G) Silos.
(H) Reinforced Concrete for Houses.
(K) Standard Specifications for Road¬
ways and Street Pavements.
(L) Standard Specifications for Port¬
land Cement Curbs and Gutters.
(O) Exterior Treatment of Concrete
Surfaces.
(P) Concrete Poles.
Always specify
“ DEXTER ”
it’s the one Portland Cement whose
high quality standard never varies
— every bag is alike. Makes con¬
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Samuel H. French & Co.
Sole Agents
Established 1844
Philadelphia
C DR A V Adopted by the N.V .State Fruit Growers’ Ass'n
OrUMIlT WILL. PAY YOU TO USE EITHER.
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS MO AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
.FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
— , USE
_ I
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
14 BAVVIEW AVE., JERSEY CITY. N.O.
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED!
Monarch
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Great strength and ca¬
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CHARTER
IF YOU ARE
SATISFIED THE
IS 0. K. we expect to serve
you; if not, let us satisfy
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Stationaries, Portables, Etc.
Want our Catalog T
State your power needs.
CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO..
Box 26, Sterling, III., U. S. A,
DAILY
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18,000
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mmm
^ACT\f^
P
YEARLY
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OVER
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ALPHA
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ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY
Potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, cantaloupe,
small fruits, orchards, can bo sprayed; at
slight; comparative cost for protection against i
blight, bugs, scale, etc. .with an “IRON AGB” '
SPRAYER, Also, actually increases the
yield. Tho machine is adjustable to various
width rows — solution thoroughly mixed —
delivered in a fine spray that covers the plant
—single or double acting pumps— three. foui\ six or seven
rows — one or two horses — 55 or 100 gallon steel or wood
tanks. Has orchard attachment and many others.
Farm and Garden Tool*
mm
ers practical, affective, economical
They give permanent satisfac¬
tion. We have been making .
the dependable kind for 75
years. Formulas for
solutions furnished on
application. Write for
our 'free Anniversary
Catalog showing pota- _ i _
to machinery ( horse hoes, cultivators and complete 1
of garden drills, wheel hoes, orchard tools, etc.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO. Box 1029 Grenloch, N. J.l
Baskets, Ladders and Growers’
Supplies.
A card brings our catalogue.
BACON & CO., Appleton, N. Y.
INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL
75 cents per hundred, S10.00 per ton. F. O. B. Ash-
ville. Pa. Send for FREE booklet " How to Grow
Alfalfa.” Dr. H. SOMERVILLE, Chest Springs,
Cambria County, Pa.
SPRAY
FRUITS AND
FIELD CROPS
' ftn(^° w5it«w&9hing in moat effectual, economicaL
rapid way. Satisfaction guaranteed. BROWN’S
POWER** Auto-Sprays
No. 1, shown her.. Is Sited with Auto-Pop Nmi!_
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> sites of h.nd and power ePrayer«_also prioea
' «7Vw1UAbl* 8Pr*J,n« Stido in our Freo Book.
Wrlto postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
H Jay St., Rochester, N. X»
QET THE BEST
A Good Spray Pump- earns
big profits and lasts for years.
THE ECLIPSE
is a good pump. As
'practical fruit grow-
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| sprayers in our own orchards
; — found their defects and
j invented the Eclipse. Its
I success forced us to manu¬
facturing on a large scaie.
You take no chances. We
have done all the experi¬
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and Treatise on spraying FREE.
M0RLEY, ~
MORRILL &
Benton Harbor. Mich.
Make Sure Thai YOU and
Not the Insects Get the Profits
from your orchard,
thoroughly with
Prevent their ravages by spraying
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead
(in Powdered Form)
It is your surest and safest weapon because it contains 32)4 to 33% arsenic oxide _
50% more than other brands — and less than of 1% water-soluble arsenic. Our Elec¬
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other brand.
Write for tests by Conn, and N. J. Agri. Exper. Stations and be convinced we are right.
Ask for valuable folders on Electro Arsenate of Lead and Electro Lime-Sulphur (certain
death to San Jose Scale and sucking insects, and the best summer fungicide).
If your dealer can not supply , send for prices , proofs , and name of
nearest distributor.
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL CO.
32 Church Street, New York
524
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1860.
Publl»hed weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, New York.
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
Johk J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Boylb. Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, oqual to
8s. 6d„ or S1^ marks, or 10*2 francs. Remit in money ordor,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 00 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for timt
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash trust accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in ourcolumns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. Wo protect subcribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will we be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent fanners who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory, pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
Sorry that the truth makes us say it, but Senator
Elihu B. Root of New York has taken a front seat
among the “careful consideration” class !
*
The latest word on lime-sulphur ' for brown rot,
scab and other peach troubles is what you want — if
at all interested in the subject. You will get it in
Farmers’ Bulletin No. 440, issued by the U. S. De¬
partment of Agriculture. It would be hard to figure
how much good the experiments detailed in this pam¬
phlet have done. It will save enough for peach
growers to pay all the cost of the National Depart¬
ment — and more.
*
The New Jersey Horticultural Society voted at its
last meeting to make a display of Jersey fruit in New
York and Philadelphia. Lying between these two
great cities New Jersey has a great chance to advertise
her farm products. Plenty of merchants would will¬
ingly display the fruit if asked to do so. The State
has produced many trusts and mosquitoes but we
would like it understood also that Jersey apples at
their best are the finest grown. This advertising
scheme is a good one. It is said that New Jersey has
one inhabitant for less than two acres of territory.
That is crowding them close, but what a market for
good fruit !
*
Under the pure food and drug laws an article is
adulterated “if it is mixed, colored, powdered, coated,
or stained in a manner whereby damage or inferiority
is concealed.” It has become a custom in some
localities to pick green oranges and keep them in a
warm moist room until they change to a yellow color.
This fruit changes in color but not in character. There
is no useful change in sugar or acid, and each green
orange is still a hall of stomach ache for a child,
though disguised in a yellow coat. The Food Inspec¬
tion Board now decides that such disguised green
fruit are “adulterated” in the meaning of the law.
They will be after the green peaches next !
*
“I can beat that l” No doubt a good share of our
hen men will say that when they read Mr. Dougan’S
full report for March. There is nothing remarkable
about the record, and that is what we like about it.
The R. N.-Y. is after the truth, whether it be clad
in feathers or in fur — or without any clothing. There
have been so many wild and improbable stories about
hens that we want a plain statement of the average.
It looks as if we should get that in this hen record.
If we had a cow working against those hens the
owner might think he had the contest won already.
Wait! This is only one month. Mrs. Leghorn and
Mrs. Wyandotte know their business, and they will
attend to it.
*
Our people are becoming experts at two kinds of
writing — that is, letters to their local papers and to
their Congressmen. Many of the local papers are
dominated by the politicians and advertisers. They
are afraid to antagonize either of these classes — there¬
fore their discussion of such subjects as parcels post
or reciprocity is one-sided and often unfair. As is
usually the case, farmers have no one to help them, so
they proceed to help themselves by sending brief let¬
ters right to these local papers. Some of the strong¬
est and clearest articles we have read were prepared
in this way. Some of these local papers refuse at
first to print the letters. The farmers have a most
effective answer: “You can stop my paper. I do not
want it unless you can give us a fair show!” In these
days of telephones and rural delivery it is easy for
farmers to get together in a thing of this sort. They
form the backbone of the local paper’s business. It
cannot live without them, and they have the right to
demand that their side shall be heard. They are
being heard. And some of these “careful considera¬
tion” Congressmen are getting straight talk such as
they never had before. We have copies of many of
these letters, and some of them are models. The
hopeful thing is that these farmers are no longer
afraid of a Congressman. They have been fed on
“careful consideration” until they are sick and tired of
the dose. Now they mean business, and any man who
is abie to read can realize it. Farmers cannot do any
better political work than keep up these two kinds of
writing.
*
It is stated on good authority that money is being
spent systematically to manufacture a “war scare.” At
intervals you notice in the daily papers hints at a war
with Japan or Germany. There is no reason why
the United States should fight these countries or any
others, yet some of the “interests” would like to make
war seem probable. The object is to create a “patriot¬
ic” feeling that will compel Congress to build a
larger navy and grant subsidies to steamship lines.
This contemptible work ought to be exposed by every
honest paper in the land. Farmers always carry the
butt end of a subsidy, and get nothing for their labor.
Their only hope of getting what they need from
Congress is to stamp on “war scares” and make
Congressmen “ply the arts of peace.”
*
If we are asked to hand a prize to the most careful
of all the “careful consideration” statesmen at Wash¬
ington we should from our present information ask
Senator Page of Vermont to stand up. The Green
Mountain boys tried to put him on record regarding
Canadian reciprocity. The Senator promised “careful
consideration.” The papers of Vermont were largely
in favor of the measure, hut Air. Page is so careful
that he concluded to go outside their pages for in¬
formation so he went home and invited opinions. He
got them right straight from the farm. He found that
these papers were talking for a small minority. The
great mass of Vermont people opposed reciprocity,
when they got the chance they swept the local papers
to one side and made their Senator look like a page of
well-worn history.
*
Ox Saturday the Candor and Spencer Breeders' Asso¬
ciation sold at auction at the hotel barns in this village
the Percheron stallion. Duke of Fremont. Melvin Per-
soneus was the successful bidder, the price paid being
$280. This horse is seven years old, stands 17 hands and
weighs about 1.700 pounds. At the time the association
was formed some two or three years ago, the price paid
for this horse was .$2,100. This deal was no exception
to the rule, as with the cost of maintaining such an ani¬
mal, and the large number of stockholders to please nearly
every venture of this kind proves unsuccessful.
The item is taken from a local paper in New York.
We print it as another chapter in the “Horse Com¬
pany” discussion. We are still waiting for some one
to come forward with the figures to show that one
of those companies has even paid out. We are on
record as advocating the use of good stallions. New
York offers great opportunities for raising high-class
horses, but organized horse companies does not seem
to be the way to get at it. We are down on any game
for “organizing” farmers on a basis of inflated capital
where the other party gets the money and the fanners
get the wind.
*
In England the farmers have an Agricultural Or¬
ganization Society which has been very successful.
At the end of 1909 there were 321 societies in the
organization, with 19,500 members. Both buying and
selling were done, and during the year there was a
total business of about $4,300,000. There were also
103 other societies outside of the large organization.
These organizations insure property, buy seeds, fer¬
tilizers, grain and machinery, and sell all sorts of
farm produce. There arc 15 “egg and poultry socie¬
ties.” They sold over $65,000 worth of their produce,
and 18 dairy societies sold $300,000 worth. Most of
this was evidently handled by parcels post. The Eng¬
lish government, through the Board of Agriculture,
gives financial aid to the A. O. S. because it helps
organize farmers, and this helps consumers by en¬
abling them to get closer to producers. It would be
impossible for these English societies to do this great
business if they were held up as our farmers are by
express extortion and middlemen. It appears that co¬
operative buying and selling is the salvation of the
English farmer. What wonders it would work in
this country!
April 22,
The trains 'are coming any old time except on schedule
time. There is a freight blockade at Smyrna of 160 cars,
from the main line. Much of it is for the 6,000 victims of
misrepresentations advertised by land syndicates who are
beguiling credulous individuals to ruin financially, and
hardships indescribable by trying to make homes on the
lands to which they have come along the east coast of
Florida. When will people learn that it is never safe to
trust the statements of real estate agents on land dickers?
This is taken from the Volusia Co. Record, Florida.
We have many other reports of a like nature. Train
service is held up and thousands of dollars worth of
produce will be ruined through inability to ship. We
have done our best to tell the truth about Florida.
Most of the work done by land boomers and sharks
in luring victims into buying land is positively wicked.
How we would like to take half a dozen of those
rascals and make them work out a living through their
own sweat on the very land which they praise so highly.
*
From time to time we have explained about those
so-called “butter” makers which churn in one minute
or turn water into butter. They usually work on the
principle of an eggbeater, turning the milk into a
sort of slimy mess like a watered pot cheese. The
latest development of this thing is detailed in a gov¬
ernment circular:
Investigations have shown that there has lately come
into use in the trade an apparatus known as a “homo-
genizer,” which has the faculty of so disrupting the glo¬
bules of fat that a whole milk homogenized does not per¬
mit the separation of the cream through the ordinary
gravity methods. In like manner butter or other fat and
skimmed milk passed through the homogenizer form a
product from which the butter does not separate on
standing and which resembles in its other physical char¬
acteristics whole milk. Investigations have further shown
that butter and skimmed milk are passed through the
homogenizer to form so-called “cream,” which is used in
place of real cream in the manufacture of ice cream.
Over 1,000 years ago the “dairymen” of that age
“homogenized” milk by putting it in a hide, tying the
hide to a horse’s tail and running him over rough
ground. That old citizen was more honest than the
modern “homogenizer,” for his stuff was genuine and
not a counterfeit. The government decides that the
stuff which comes out of this machine is neither
butter, milk, cream nor “ice cream.” We warn our
readers that if they try to sell this “homogenized”
milk they will run up against a Federal law — almost
as unhealthy a journey as they could take.
*
It seems quite evident that Congress will do nothing
about parcels post at the special session. We do not
expect much help before the regular session, at which
time we believe it will be possible to get Congress
going. None can be more desirous than we are to
see a fair parcels post in operation, but the fact is that
our people must hammer Congress harder than ever
before we can hope for it. The outlook for reciprocity
is that the House will soon pass a bill much like the
one advocated by President Taft. It will be held up
in the Senate, but will probably go through with some
little changes. The Democrats in Congress will use
reciprocity with Canada as the basis for reducing
the tariff. The main opposition has come from
farmers for, as we have stated, the other interests
abandoned the farmers when they thought the farm
vote was no longer needed. President Taft intro¬
duced the reciprocity bill near the end of the last
session of Congress evidently not expecting any great
opposition. The farmers felt that their interests were
being sacrificed and they put up such a strong fight
for fair play that the bill was held up. The Demo¬
crats now come forward with what they call a “farm¬
ers, free list” or a bill to remove the tariff from some
100 articles which farmers now buy at high figures.
This recognizes the injustice of the reciprocity bill
as it stands alone. The tariff reduction on things
which the farmer buys is offered as compensation for
the removal of protection on what he has to sell.
This much has been gained by the agitation for
fair play for farm products.
BREVITIES.
The confirmed egg eater is ordained for the chicken pie.
In sowing grain to be cut for fodder use about one-
fourth more seed than for grain production.
This scheme of working off the crows by scattering corn
over the fields ! How do you operate in cases where it is
necessary to use a weeder or harrow before the corn comes
up? That covers the corn. What do the crows do then?
Some judge of human nature has found a new one for
milk. The Japanese use but little of it and are silent and
taciturn. The Tibetans use it freely and arc gay and
good natured. The cow seems to “scatter sunshine.”
Here is a new one to us: “Horses are so high that I am
thinking seriously of bringing up a steer, for the cultivator
and a one-horse plow. What breed would you recommend?
I would be sincerely obliged if your readers would give
hints on training.”
Yes, sir, there are half a dozen people trying to sell
churns which run like a Dig egg beater and smash up the
milk or cream. They make a sort of thick mess like a
soft pot cheese. It isn’t butter, and anyone who says it
is ought to be made to live on it.
1911.
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
626
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
The “Sucker List” as an Asset.
On Saturday last E. G. Lewis and the
Lewis Publishing Company gave a chattel
mortgage on “Art Institute, etc.” for $7,000
to Taxile Doate, the French artist in
Lewis's employ; and on Monday the Amer¬
ican Woman's League gave Adelaide Ilob-
ineau and husband a chattel mortgage foik
$3,620 on 54 vases of art ware. Claims in
the hands of attorneys are in suit amount¬
ing to $50,000. The suits are pending in
the county courts. Notes and mortgages
outstanding and due against the Lewis Pub¬
lishing Company are said to amount to close
to a million dollars.
A Mr. Williams of New York, who has
been engineering an examination of the
Lewis concerns by accountants for Class
A publishers, has left for New York, and
for some reason the examination was
abruptly ended. It is reported that he is
trying to get himself appointed as trustee
of the Lewis enterprises and avoid any
criminal action, but it is not clear here
what interest the publishers could have in
fostering his ambition. The inquiry by the
Department of Justice and the Post Office
Department does not seem to be completed,
and it is the result of this inquiry that
is causing nervousness in the Lewis camps.
The grand jury is yet to be heard from.
Above is a general summary of re¬
ports from St. Louis. The work on
the accounts was discontinued, it is
reported, because the matters were so
involved that it was difficult, if not im¬
possible, to get any satisfactory state¬
ment of their condition; and, further,
because Mr. Lewis attempted, through
Mr. Williams, to get consent to some
sort of an agreement which would leave
Lewis practically in control and free to
continue the borrowing of money with
a criminal immunity bath. We are told
that five of the publishers promptly
withdrew from the affair altogether and
refused to have anything more to do
with Lewis or his schemes, and the
criminal immunity bath has not yet de¬
veloped to the rubbing down stage.
The interests of the other publishers
are clear enough to anyone familiar
with the situation. The “sucker list” is
the principal asset of all promoting
schemes. The membership of the
American Woman’s League is the
“sucker list” in the Lewis scheme of
promotion. This is apparently not only
the best, but practically the only asset
Lewis has left. These publishers would
like to possess themselves of it. There
is not, as we have said before, a real
prominent successful publisher among
them, and those who had any regard for
their future have already withdrawn
from the Lewis connection. Others
have been working the Lewis game on
their own account in a modest way, and
if Lewis had got away with the game
the whole bunch of them would ‘have
been in it with a rush. As it is, “Suc¬
cess Magazine” which had lent its en¬
tire influence to the Lewis fakes, sold
$400,000 worth of guaranteed debenture
gold bonds (paper notes) to its sub¬
scribers, interest on which has default¬
ed, and a total of $700,000 indebtedness
is now capitalized for nearly half a mil¬
lion more, and one would think from
the literature that the promoters were
conferring a favor on you to allow you
to buy the evidence of indebtedness at
par. So over the whole list of fake
publication securities. As I write re¬
port comes of the failure of Human
Life Pub. Co., C’. E. Ellis is in a Fed¬
eral prison, G. L. Richards, of Boston,
is missing, Vick’s Magazine, Agricul¬
tural Epitomist, Circle Magazine, and
Spare Moments of Rochester, N. Y.,
all sold stock to the dear subscriber.
Where are they now? Currier, of
Chicago, paid dividend on stock while
he was selling it, but not now. Colum¬
bian Magazine is reported to be now
paying dividends but 500 per cent Miller
paid dividends. Wilshire’s sold you a
gold brick in mining stock, and Herbert
Myrick created the building certificate
fiction before he screwed up courage to
offer the dear subscribers stock of the
discredited Cushman publications, and
the inflated stock of Good Housekeeping
Company. This does not exhaust the
list by any means, but it gives you an
idea of what is going on in the cheap
publishing promotion fields. Now, can
you see the interest they all had in the
Lewis schemes? His success was their
opportunity. If he established a prece¬
dent with the Post Office Department the
way was open to all of them. Their
fight was not for Lewis. It was for an
equal opportunity of plunder for them¬
selves. A more contemptible scheme no
class of men ever attempted on the con¬
fiding people of any country. The con¬
fidence men and the pickpocket make
victims of strangers. These publishers
betray the confidence of their friends.
Hirelings and notoriety seekers will
not mind, but Mr. Lewis has covered
the honest women who went into his
scheme with confusion and shame. Pie
has stenciled the League members with
his own brand of repudiation and trick¬
ery. Contracts for the League have
been repudiated ; debts unpaid ; and now
the few cups remaining have been
covered up with chattel mortgage to
the disadvantage of other creditors, if
not deliberately to defraud them. And
this is made the act of the honest women
who put their faith in Lewis through
his control of the so-called League offi¬
cers. The women have believed much
in his fake schemes, but we doubt if they
can stand for this.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — Clarence S. Funk, gen¬
eral manager of the International
Harvester Company, testifying before the
Illinois State Senate bribery investigating
committee on April 5, in the Lorimer
bribery case, testified that Edward Hines,
of Chicago, a millionaire lumber dealer,
asked him as manager of the harvester
company, to contribute $10,000 to reim¬
burse certain men who had put up a $100,-
000 “slush” fund to elect William Lori¬
mer to the United States Senate. The
harvester company manager further testi¬
fied that Mr. Hines named Edward Tildcn,
a wealthy Chicago packer, as the collector
of this fund to reimburse the men who,
as Mr. Hines was quoted as having said,
had “underwritten” the election of Lori¬
mer. Mr. Funk declared that the object
he had in giving this testimony was to
save H. IT. Kohlsaat, publisher of “The
Chicago Record-Herald.” from a possible
jail sentence as a result of Mr. Kohlsaat’s
refusal to give certain information de¬
manded by the committee last week. The
witness said he had given Mr. Kohl¬
saat information in confidence upon which
the Chicago publisher had based an
editorial, which charged the use of a $100,-
000 fund to elect Mr. Lorimer. resulted
in calling Mr. Kohlsaat as a witness be-
for the committee. Mr. Kohlsaat refused to
make known the name of Mr. Funk. The
Chicago publisher was then given one week’s
time in which to divulge this name or stand
in contempt of the Senate committee. Mr.
Funk testified that he voluntarily released
Mr. Kohlsaat from the pledge of con¬
fidence when he felt that the publisher
would be sent to jail unless the informa¬
tion was given.
The police of the East 22d street sta¬
tion, New York, was thrown into a state
bordering on panic on April 5 when it
was learned that four goats inoculated
with scarlet fever and diphtheria germs
were at large having been stolen from
the Willard Parker Hospital. They had
been kept, so the police assert, for ex¬
perimental purposes. Detective Burke scored
the neighborhood and succeeded in finding
one of the goats in the stable of William
Brooks, at 614 East 13th street. Burke
got a twenty-foot rope and led the animal
to the hospital. Brooks, who followed at
a distance, told the detective that he had
bought the goat for 50 cents. The goat
had not been milked. They’re still hunt¬
ing for the others.
Sidmon McHie, Richard I. Marr, Wil¬
liam A. McHie, James F. Southard. Frank
II. Williams, Charles W. BIckell and
Richard II. McHie, of the Capital Invest¬
ment Company of Chicago, and John L.
Diekcs, representative of the company in
Aurora, Ill., were indicted April 6 by the
Federal grand jury for using the mails
to defraud. John W. Rogers, of the firm
of W. It. Ilolligan & Co., was indicted for
perjury in connection with his testimony
before the grand jury when the investment
company was being investigated. The
men indicted were arrested about three
months ago in a spectacular raid made
upon the offices of the company on the
eleventh floor of the Rookery building. At
the time of the raid warrants were issued
for thirty-four men, all of whom were more
or less prominently known in financial
circles. Among them was William J.
Lloyd, district superintendent of the West¬
ern Union Telegraph Company. In the
warrant he was charged with knowingly
abetting the company in conducting a
bucket shop.
Soon after 165 convicts had gone into
the mines at Banner, 20 miles west of
Birmingham, Ala., April 8, there was an
explosion over a mile under ground. Five
free laborers, including the convict fore¬
man, O. W. Spreading, had gone into
the mines with the convicts, and they
met death, together with 123 convicts. The
mines are operated by the Pratt Consoli¬
dated Coal Company, and the convicts are
hired from a dozen counties in the State.
The men work out sentences ranging from
ten days to three years. The company
has at Banner 282 convicts, but the night
shift, those sick and the farm hands left
only 165 for work. Among those in the
mine were fewer than 20 white convicts.
After the explosion several convicts who
had been in mines before understood that
it was a race for life, and headed for
the mouth of the mine. Some of them
warned their fellow workers to get out. In
the race against the black damp and death
45 negro convicts managed to get out.
An explosion in the I’ancoast mine at
Throop. 1’a., April 7, killed 74 men, among
them First Aid Assistant Joseph Evans,
of the Government Mining Bureau, who
was one of the rescue workers.
The United States Circuit Court of Ap¬
peals reversed on April 10 the judgment
of the Federal Court in Connecticut in
the famous Danbury hat case, and ordered
a new trial. The litigation is now nearly
two years old, and was instituted by D. E.
Loewe & Co., a Danbury hat firm, against
the United Hatters of North America, af¬
filiated with the American Federation of
Labor. It was alleged that the plaintiff
company had suffered in its sales as a re¬
sult of a practical boycott by the defend¬
ant because of its refusal to adopt the
closed shop. The Danbury firm got judg¬
ment in the lower court in Connecticut
for $232,240.12 damages. A verdict in
favor of the plaintiff was directed by the
trial judge, Judge James P. Piatt, but the
amount of damages suffered was left to
the jury, which fixed it at $74,000. This
amount was multiplied by three by the
court under the provisions of the Sherman
law. In setting aside the lower court’s
judgment Judge Lacombe, who writes the
opinion of the Circuit of Appeals, holds
that the trial judge erred in directing a
verdict.
“The Roses,” the residence of Edward
T. Rosenlieimer at North Pelham, N. Y,,
was burned April 7, with a loss of $125,-
000. This place attained notoriety a few
years ago, when Rosenheimer’s father was
murdered in the garden, a mystery which
has never been explained. Last year
Rosenheimer himself killed one young
woman and injured two other persons with
his automobile, under circumstances which
caused much criticism. Rosenheimer was
tried for manslaughter, but was acquitted
on November 4, after a sensational trial
before Justice (now United States Senator)
O’Gorman and a jury.
Max Blanck and Isaac Harris, the pro¬
prietors of the Triangle Waist Company,
whose factory at 23 Washington place,
New York, was burned out on March 25
with the loss of 142 lives, were indicted
April 11. There are two indictments
against each of the men charging them
with first and second degree manslaughter.
Their attorney entered a. plea of not guilty
with the usual proviso that Ue might
change it when the case was called again.
The case will be called on April 25. The
Italian Consul is making an independent
investigation. Some of the girls have
already made affidavits freeing the Triangle
Shirtwaist Company from any blame. It
was the habit to hold back one week's
pay from the girls. After the fire the
girls swear representatives of the company
told them they wouldn’t get their pay un¬
less they signed affidavits. For the Italian
Consul they have made affidavits retract¬
ing the others. In the retracted affidavits
they swore, they say, that the doors were
open at all times and the loss of life was
due to panic only. Affidavits made the
Consul tell of locked doors and of the dif¬
ficulty of escape. Specific and sweeping
recommendations for more adequate fire
protection in factories and other buildings
where largo numbers of employes congre¬
gate are incorporated in the report of the
investigation of the Asch building fire
made by the New York Board of Fire Un¬
derwriters. A careful survey of the plan
of the lofts on the three floors where the
shirtwaist workers were employed in the
Asch building clearly showed overcrowded
conditions, inadequate exits and a general
hazardous arrangement of tables and ma¬
chines in the event of fire. On the ninth
floor, where the greatest loss of life oc¬
curred, a diagram of the loft, incorporated
in the report, shows that there were eight
unbroken rows of tables, each containing
a double row of sewing machines, with the
space between the tables about four feet
wide, containing two rows of chairs, back
to back, for the operators. The table ex¬
tended from the Washington place front
flush to the wall to within ten feet of the
north side of the building. This ten-foot
space was filled partly with tables of stock,
allowing only for a narrow aisle. There
were no aisles through the center of the
broad loft. The only convenient way for
the operators near the south waill to reach
the stairs and elevators was to walk the
entire length of the crowded space between
the tables to the north side, and then use
the aisles which extended along the north
and west sides. One of the strongest fea¬
tures of the underwriters’ recommendations
is for a fireproof stair tower built from
the ground to the roof, within the build¬
ing itself, but with no direct communica¬
tion with the building.
Twenty lives, it is believed, were lost
when the small wooden steamer Iroquois,
plying between Sydney, Vancouver Island
and the islands of the Gulf of Georgia
capsized soon after leaving Sydney on April
10. This accident was in some respects
similar to the loss of the steamer Sechelt,
with 26 lives, off Beechy Head, Vancouver
Island, on March 24. The Sechelt, a wooden
steamer of almost the same speed and
dimensions as the Iroquois, was struck by
a gale, rolled over on her side and went
down in a few minutes. Only one body
from the Sechelt was found.
FARM AND GARDEN.— Dr. John G.
Wills, of Chateaugay, has been appointed
chief veterinarian in the New York State
Department of Agriculture, salary $3,000,
by Commissioner Pearson. He succeeds Dr.
J. F. Devine. Bernard R. Blanch, of
Geneva, Roy C. Draper, of Rochester, and
Marion C. Albright, of West Coxackie,
have been appointed nursery inspectors.
The Massachusetts Corn Show was
definitely organized in Springfield on April
4, and application is being made to in¬
corporate it under the laws of the State.
The dates are November 7-8-9, inclusive.
Charles W. Bosworth, of Springfield, is
president ; J. Lewis Ellsworth, of Wor¬
cester, is first vice-president ; Glenn C.
Sevey, of Springfield, is treasurer, and Wil¬
liam D. Hurd, of Amherst, is secretary.
The Springfield Board of Trade has pledged
the backing of Springfield business in¬
terests, so that the financial success of the
show is assured. It is planned to invite
agricultural organizations to meet in
Springfield at the time the show is held,
and able lecturers are being secured for
the educational meetings.
Dean Liberty II. Bailey, of the school
of agriculture at Cornell University, in a
letter to Governor Dix on April' 10 de¬
clined the proffer by the Governor of the
position of State Commissioner of Agri¬
culture, owing, as he said, to his obliga¬
tions to the university work. The term of
office of Commissioner Raymond A. Pear¬
son, the present incumbent, does not ex¬
pire until April 23.
An outbreak of rabies in Rockland
County, New York, has caused the commis¬
sioner of agriculture to put some localities
under quarantine. The disease is causing
disquiet in Northern New Jersey also.
Delegate Andrews, of New Mexico, has
asked the National Government for an ap¬
propriation of $25,000 for the extermina¬
tion of the grama-grass caterpillar in New
Mexico, Texas, Colorado and Arizona.
Shortly after the New York Legislature
reconvenes it is expected that bills will be
introduced abolishing the State Fair Com¬
mission of five members and creating a new
commission of three to be made up of
the lieutenant-governor, State Commissioner
of Agriculture, who are now ex-oflicio mem¬
bers of the commission, and a third mem¬
ber to be appointed by the governor, who
will serve at a salary of $3,000 a year.
The five commissioners who get $3,000 a
year at present and who will be legislated
out of office are Charles A. Wieting, Coble-
skill : Abram E. Perren. Buffalo: Ira Sharp,
Lowville ; De Forest Settle, Syracuse, and
William Pitkin, Rochester. The State Fair
in Syracuse in September next will likely
be the most elaborate ever held, and with
this object in view the present commis¬
sioners have been urging the Governor not
to do anything which would interfere with
the plans. It is understood the Governor
will recommend that the proposed legisla¬
tion abolishing the present commission
shall not take effect until next October or
until after next Fall’s fair is held in
September.
CROP NOTES.
We have snow here yet (April 5) ; about
five inches fell last night. I drove up to
North Creek with my cutter yesterday.
Butter, 25 cents ; eggs, 17 to 20 cents for
new, fresh eggs. Can’t get 25 cents for
wool; do we need free trade? I joined
the Grange last week at Glens Falls, 30
miles away. I want to get when1 I can
do most effective work — for the people — for
myself as one of them. s. c. Armstrong.
Warren County, N. Y.
Some plant flint corn, but the dent is
raised mostly for silos, and grain is bought.
Milk is sold in all ways ; some is peddled
from five to seven cents, some make butter,
some sell to the creamery that takes the
cream at the door. That paid from 31 to
35 cents per pound for butter fat in 1910.
The worst drawback to the creamery is
that the customers are so few and far be¬
tween it costs too much to gather the cream.
Others send to Boston and say the com¬
pany wants to go back to the old price be¬
fore the strike ; they have been getting 75
cents per cooler. t. a. s.
So. Coventry, Conn.
We would not like to venture an opinion
as to what will be the outcome of this
present potato season. Just at the present
time the roads are not in good condition
and the market has been advancing sharply,
but it appears there are quite a few ship¬
pers who seem inclined to speculate. As
usual with the advance in market, farmers
are inclined to hold their potatoes and we
are not in position to advise you as regards
the stocks on hand as compared with other
years. However, we believe that there are
potatoes enough to go around, and if prices
should be forced too high that we may look
for a reaction.
THE VINKF.MULDER COMPANY.
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Present conditions indicate at least a
normal crop of apples. Continued cold
weather has held buds back, frost just leav¬
ing ground. Although local nurserymen re¬
port heavy sales, there will be less acreage
planted locally than last year. Sales of spray¬
ing materials this season are larger than
ever before and farmers are planning to do
good, thorough work. While many regard
the outlook for the fruit industry as
bright, still there is a feeling of conserva¬
tism in minds of some growers, fearing
strong competition of sections able to grow
more fancy fruit suitable for packing in
boxes. Many pear orchards badly injured
by pear psylla last season. w. e.
Wayne County, N. Y.
March went out blustery as it has been
nearly all the while. No farming doing,
but drawing manure and trimming orchards
of which there is great need, much dead
wood on Baldwins and Greenings. Or¬
chards will be better taken care of than
usual, especially in spraying. Not much
encouragement for farming. Two thousand
bushels of potatoes for a team of horses,
and then they are nothing extra. Thirty
dollars a month and board for help ; phos¬
phate as high as usual. While farm pro¬
duce is low and going lower, potatoes have
all been sold out within the past two
weesk for 25 cents ; now they have gone up
to 50 cents per bushel. This is overreach¬
ing the producer and making the consumer
feel the high price. We ought to eliminate
the middleman. Wheat, 80 cents ; oats, 35
cents ; corn, 55 cents ; veal, seven cents ;
wool, 18 cents per pound ; butter, 25 cents ;
eggs, 15 cents in trade. E. t. b.
Canandaigua, N. Y.
We are having miserable weather, viewed
from a desire to begin Spring work and
the necessity to do a large amount of
spraying while the trees are dormant.
And yet, considering the safety of fruit
buds, the Spring has been very favorable
thus far. All fruit buds have been un¬
usually dormant, rendering them practically
safe from the rapid changes of temperature
in the past few weeks. All varieties of trees
seem to be full of good, strong buds, es¬
pecially peaches, plums and apples. Na¬
tural conditions here seem to be favorable,
for we always have some fruit, and our
oldest growers do not remember a year of
total failure. Careful spraying and thor¬
ough cultivation are now so generally prac¬
ticed that we count on a good crop of fine
fruit. Many thousands of trees have been
planted and some of them are coming to
bearing under conditions of neglect. Fruit
from trees of this kind does not compete
with well grown and carefully sprayed fruit.
The old saying “There is always room at
the top” certainly applies in the fruit
business, and is my answer to the repeated
cry of over-production. c. j. tyson.
Adams Co., Pa.
Peach buds are practically unhurt at
present writing; plums and cherries, al¬
though not largely grown, promise well at
this time. For past few years for this
section there has been a fair crop of apples
every year, and Baldwin orchards which did
not bear last season appear well set with
blossom buds; prospect is for a fair sized
crop this season. Pears were a rather light
crop last season, and this season should
show a larger crop, as trees appear well set
with blossom buds. But few new orchards
are being set here ; there will be more than
the average in small lots, but not enough to
affect market conditions, even should tnev
all bear fruit later. Spraying is done more
largely every year, yet there are many or¬
chards, especially small ones, where the
fruit business is a side issue, unsprayed.
Prices of apples have seldom been better
than for the 1910 crop, and here where
there has been but a small increase of
acreage each year our growers are not
borrowing any trouble over future pros¬
pects. Yet most large growers recognize
the fact that with a full crop in all sec¬
tions, viz., a bumper crop like 1896, and
the European crop also large, we might get
a year of very low prices, but we know of
no one who is looking for low prices all
the time, while prosperous conditions pre¬
vail in our manufacturing cities and towns.
Of course with a panic and business stag¬
nation the fruit growers will suffer as well
as other classes, and without doubt the
poorer grades of fruit with poor packing
will become less valuable as the amount of
first-class fruit increases. h. o. mead.
Worcester Co., Mass.
526
THE RURAL NEW-YORKEK
April 22.
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
THE COUNTRY SCHOOL.
There certainly will come a day
As men become simple and wise.
When schools will put their books away
Till they train the hands and the eyes ;
Then the school from its heart will say
In love of the winds and the skies :
I teach
The earth and soil
To them that toil,
The hill and fen
To common men
That live just here ;
The plants that grow,
The winds that blow,
The streams that run
In rain and sun
Throughout the year ;
The shop and mart
The craft and art
The men to-day
The part they play
In humble sphere ;
And then I lead
Thro’ wood and mead
By bench and rod
Out unto God
With love and cheer.
I teach.
i — Prof. L. II. Bailey in “The Outlook to
Nature.”
*
A combination corset cover with di¬
vided skirt is shown among new under-
* wear for use with the trouser skirt, but
it differs very little, except in name,
from some of the combinations worn
during the last year or two. A great
many of the divided-skirt combinations
have been used, because they enable the
wearer to dispense with the short under
petticoat.
*
Spanish mackerel is very nice baked
with tomato sauce. Remove head, tail
and fins, split the fish in two and re¬
move backbone. Season with a little
salt and pepper, and place in an earthen
baking dish, skin side up. Put over it
half an ounce of hot melted butter,
sprinkle with chopped onion and squeeze
half a leTnon over it. Put it in the oven
for 15 minutes, then pour over it a tea¬
cupful of strained and seasoned tomato
sauce, bake for 15 minutes longer, and
serve in the dish it was baked in.
*
Fashion authorities tell us that face
veils this season are to match the hats ;
black on black hats, and white on light
colors. White veils are usually becom¬
ing, especially over a rosy face, but they
are often very hard to see through. A
new mesh in veils is a square mesh like
filet lace; this is often embroidered.
Chantilly lace veils are still fashionable,
though often unbecoming. Chenille
spots, which have not been much fa¬
vored of late, are again in style. So
long as a woman confines herself to a
veil of rather simple mesh she never
looks out of style, but any noticeable
figured veil looks dowdy as soon as
styles change.
*
Prof. J. L. Henderson, of the Harvard
Medical School, says that all human food
can be reduced to five simple elements;
water and salt, which cost literally noth¬
ing, carbohydrates, protein and fat. He
calculates that the average man of 155
pounds weight requires only 4 l/2 pounds
of food a day, and as 70 per cent of this
is water, he should be able to purchase
the required daily food for about 10
cents. Above this Dr. Henderson thinks
he is paying for flavor, convenience or
cleanliness. All proteins, howeve,r, are
not alike, and it does not seem to us
that the scientist’s views are fully borne
out by practice. We do believe, how¬
ever, that many housekeepers do not buy
food with sufficient understanding of
nutritive value. Still, every teacher of
domestic science tells us that digestion,
and the consequent utilization of nutri¬
ment, depends very largely on “tasting
good ;” thus condiments and flavorings
are important, even if not essential. One
sort of food may depend for its value
upon long, slow cooking, and if the
housekeeper depended upon a gas range
she might waste as much in gas as she
would have spent on more expensive
proteids. Of course she could avoid
this waste by using a fireless cooker.
The gas range is probably responsible
for many ready-cooked cereals. Where
wood is largely used for fuel, as in
many farm homes, long slow cooking is
not as easily managed as with coal, and
here the fireless cooker will prove of es¬
pecial value.
*
Olive oil has many virtues, and
among them is its use for softening the
skin. When harsh Spring winds
roughen the face the oil is very com¬
forting. Wash in warm water, then take
a little oil on the finger tips and rub it
on gently; very little is required. It is
not only healing, but its use softens and
clears the skin, and it is free from the
risk of growing hair, an evil tendency
feared with vaseline and some animal
fats. The free use of olive oil in the
diet is beneficial to most people, and is
believed to improve the complexion ; it
is often prescribed by physicians for per¬
sons who show susceptibility to appen¬
dicitis, or who have undergone an op¬
eration for that disease.
*
It is quite possible to cook cabbage
without perfuming the house, but not if
carelessly boiled. One very good method
is to slice the cabbage up fine, as for
cold slaw, and immerse for five minutes
in boiling water in an uncovered sauce¬
pan. It is then covered with cream
sauce, put in a baking dish with crumbs
over the top, and baked until the crumbs
are brown. Cabbage, cauliflower or
onions, cut into small pieces and cooked
in an open saucepan with plenty of
water develop little odor, and do not
take so long in cooking. We notice
that the cabbage served in Chinese res¬
taurants, which is usually some of the
tender green loose-headed varieties, is
only cooked enough to be heated
through, without losing its crispness, but
it is very tender, and seems more di¬
gestible than our long-cooked cabbage.
Freckles.
Kindly advise me what to do for freckles
on the face. n. M.
This is one of the small trials of life
that afflict many young people, while
viewed with much philosophy by their
elders. It is especially an affliction of
delicate skins, and many a blonde girl,
conscious that, but for her perennial
freckles, she would have a peaches-and-
cream complexion, is ready to go to any
exertion to remove them. In many cases
the freckles do not persist into matur¬
ity; one sees many freckled boys, but
very few freckled men. Protection
from sun is, of course, the surest means
of avoiding the disfigurement, but we
know some cases where this is of no
avail, the arms even freckling under
long sleeves. However, modern girls
are too fond of open-air amusements to
banish sunlight, and we doubt whether
any present-day mother would attempt
the care of an old-time Virginia lady,
who, it was said, carefully sewed to¬
gether the strings of her little daugh¬
ter's slat sun-bonnet every morning, lest
the future belle should be tempted to
remove her head-covering and expose
her precious complexion on the way to
school.
As to removing freckles, some yield
easily to treatment, and some seem
“warranted fast color.” We would
never use a proprietary remedy of un¬
known ingredients, since serious harm
might result. Mild vegetable acids are
helpful; lemon juice is a very familiar
remedy, either plain or, in the case of
a very delicate skin, slightly diluted with
glycerine. Strawberry juice is also
recommended, but we have never tried
it. The old country remedy of butter¬
milk is certainly helpful as a face wash,
and may be freely used. All these
remedies are allowed to dry on over
night, and the face then washed with
soft water. The face could be washed
with buttermilk as often as desired, and
it certainly has a softening and whit¬
ening effect. Another old English rem¬
edy was washing the face in May dew
at sunrise, which we laugh at nowadays;
yet a great chemist recently declared
that the dew at sunrise contains some
actinic properties derived from the sun’s
rays, which may furnish a reasonable
basis for the old superstition. We would
confine our freckle remedies to these
harmless and familiar things. In some
cases we find that a person much dis¬
figured with freckles is run-down and
anaemic, and the iron tonics which
strengthen the system, either lessen the
liability to freckles or improve the com¬
plexion so that the freckling is less
noticeable.
Mutton Timbales. — Half a pound of
finely-minced cold mutton, one teaspoon¬
ful of parsley, one tablespoon ful bread
crumbs, one egg, one gill of stock, pep¬
per and salt, some carrot and turnip.
Mix all ingredients together, place in
small buttered moulds, and steam for 20
minutes. Do not quite fill the moulds,
as the meat rises in cooking. Turn out
cn a dish and pour a thick brown gravy
round. Garnish with little heaps of car¬
rot and turnip cut in dice and boiled.
Kidney and Tomatoes. — Throw three
sheep’s kidneys in boiling water. Hav¬
ing skinned and split them open, pep¬
per and salt them. Slice four tomatoes
and put in a saucepan with a small
onion sliced, a gill of stock, salt and
pepper, and stew for 15 minutes. Put
a quarter of a pound of butter or beef
dripping in a fryingpan, put in the kid¬
ney, and, after it has cooked a little
while, add the tomatoes. Pour into but¬
tered pie dish, cover with bread crumbs,
put small pieces of butter on top and
place in the oven for 10 minutes.
A good oil lamp
needs a good chim¬
ney. A bad oil lamp
needs it more.
Both need a
Macbeth “Pearl
Glass” lamp-chim¬
ney.
My lamp-chim¬
neys establish an
even draft on both sides of the
flame — make the most of the
light. I make a chimney to fit
every style and size of lamp and
burner.
Send for my free Index and find out what chim¬
ney to get for your lamp.
Res. v. s. P»t. Off.
Macbeth
Macbeth-Evans Glass Co.
Pittsburgh
Chicago: Philadelphia:
178 East Lake Street 42 South Eighth Street
New York: 19 West 30th Street
Housework Halved
by using the
Easy” Vacuum Cleaner
Easiest, most efficient, simplest,
strongestmacic. Write for FREE
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Dillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
l or Easy Washer Co.
Bruce and Dundas Streets
Toronto, Can.
Direct from Factory, Freight Prepaid
and Guaranteed by the Manufacturer
You can buy a Gold Coin Stove from us #5 to
#20 less than dealer’s
prices. We pay freight;
safe delivery insured,
polished and all ready
to set up.
“Satisfaction or your
money back any time
within 1 year”
is our written
guaranty.
Free Catalog
—Illustrates
all our Stoves.
Gives Price
List and tells our
Plan and Offer.
Send for it.
Gold Coin Stove Co.
? Oak St. Troy, N. Y.
rm.
In
Select
Company
It’s the very nature of a soda
cracker to absorb moisture and
foreign odors.
That’s why the ordinary soda cracker
remained so long in obscurity.
The advent of Uneeda Biscuit and the moisture-
proof and odor-repelling package changed
all this — for Uneeda Biscuit, the perfect
soda cracker, keeps select company
— its own.
To-day the goodness, the
freshness and body-build¬
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Biscuit are acclaimed
in tenement and
mansion.
Never Sold
in Bulk
MMMlilih moisture-proof
MUMl
* nationAS biscuit company
1011.
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER
527
Grape Juice in Quantity.
What is the most practical method for
putting up a few hundred gallons of un¬
fermented grape juice without installing
pasteurizers and filters? Would it 'be safe
to heat the must to the proper temperature
and put into new fumigated barrels to allow
it to settle and clear? Can the grape must
be kept by simply burning sulphur matches
in the barrel of juice to stop fermentation?
Is there any method of forcing sulphur fumes
through the must? G. r. c.
Use only clean, sound, well-ripened, but
not over-ripe grapes. The fruit may be
crushed and pressed in an ordinary cider
mill, or with the hands. After crushing
the fruit the entire mass should be heated
to from 150 degrees F. to 165 degrees F.,
but not higher than 165 degrees F. A
double-jacketed kettle or one with the
vessel containing the grapes set inside a
larger vessel containing water should be
used for heating. Cook the crushed
grapes with frequent and vigorous stir¬
ring for two hours. The fruit should
then be removed from the fire and
strained through a thick cloth into the
bottles in which it is to be preserved, or
filled until the juice begins to run out
the strainer into large glass carboys
holding not more than five gallons. These
must be previously washed out with boil¬
ing water and should be as hot as the
juice is when ready to be filled. The
vessels, whether large or small, must be
filled until the juice begins to run out
at the opening, and then corked tightly
and the cork covered with wax to make
it air-tight. If the juice is run at once
into small bottles no further manipula¬
tion is required. If it is temporarily
stored in large vessels, when wanted for
consumption it must be once more heated
to near 165 degrees F. and strained
through cloth into the bottles. When the
storage vessel is opened the entire con¬
tents must be removed at once. If al¬
lowed to remain 24 hours in a partly
filled vessel the juice will begin to fer¬
ment. This fermentation may be
stopped at any time by heating the juice
to 165 degrees F., but the character of
the liquid as unfermented wine is lost
and cannot be recovered. It is of the ut¬
most importance that the juice be heated
to 165 degrees F., and no more. If heated
much above 165 degrees F. the albumin
of the juice will coagulate and greatly
decrease its nutritive properties, and the
natural taste of the juice will be spoiled.
If heated to less than 160 degrees F. the
ferment microbe will not be killed, and
the juice will soon begin to ferment. To
insure the proper temperature in the ket¬
tle a tested dairy thermometer, costing
about ninety cents, should be allowed to
float on the juice. In this matter guess¬
work will not do. Never, under any cir¬
cumstances, add sulphite of lime or other
preservative to fruit juice. Keep the
bottled juice in a cool, dark place.
The above directions are given by
Prof. McCarthy, in a bulletin issued by
the North Carolina Department of
Agriculture in 1907. Farmers’ Bulletin
No. 175, issued by the U. S. Depart¬
ment of Agriculture in 1903, recom¬
mends a temperature of 180 to 200 de¬
grees, but never over 200 degrees. In
this bulletin the method given is to
express the juice, heat it to 200 degrees,
let it stand in glass or enameled ves¬
sels for 24 hours to settle, drain juice
carefully from sediment, filter through
flannel, and fill into clean bottles, leaving
room for the juice to expand when
heated. The bottles are then stood
upon thin board in a large kettle con¬
taining water enough to come within
an inch of the top of bottles; then
heated until water in kettle is just
ready to simmer, when the bottles are
taken out and sealed immediately. In
this final sterilization the temperature
must not get above 195 degrees, or the
flavor is impaired.
We have had no experience with
grape juice stored in barrels, nor in the
use of sulphur to prevent fermentation.
We do not believe, however, that un-
'fermented grape juice would remain
unfermented under such conditions, or
that sulphur fumes would permanently
prevent fermentation. We should like
experience on these points from anyone
who can give our inquirer further in¬
formation.
Steamed Spice Pudding. — To one
beaten egg add one-third cupful of
brown . sugar, one cupful of flour,
one-third spoonful of soda, one-fourth
teaspoonful of cloves, one-half teaspoon¬
ful of cinnamon. Slowly add the liquid
to the dry mixture; add a teaspoonful
of melted butter and two-thirds of a
cupful of flour. Steam in greased,
thickly covered mold for two hours.
Serve with hard sauce.
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns alzoays give
number of pattern and measurement de¬
sired.
Empire coats are among the newest
and smartest of all things this season.
The sleeves are cut in one with the
upper side portions so that there is no
fitting to the armholes required. The
sleeves can be left loose, as in this in¬
stance, or finished with bands and cuffs
as may be liked. The little coat will be
found an excellent one for both the en¬
tire suit and for the wrap of satin or
other material to be worn over harmon¬
izing skirts and gowns. The coat is
made with fronts, back and side por¬
tions. The back can be made in one
piece or in two that are over-lapped at
the high waist line as liked. The upper
side portions with sleeves are made with
seams over the shoulders, but the lower
side portions are cut in one piece each.
The collar is joined to the neck edge.
The quantity of material required for
the medium size is 3*4 yards 27 inches
wide, 2*4 yards 36 or 2% yards 44
inches wide, with 124 yard 27 inches
for trimming. The pattern No. 6975 is
cut in sizes for a 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42
inch bust measure; price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures include 6939,
shirt waist or blouse, 34 to 42 bust. 4
yards of material 27 inches wide, 3 yards
36, 2 yards 44, for medium size. 6947,
naval blouse, 34 to 40 bust. With or
without applied yoke, with or without
opening in front, with high or low shield,
long or elbow sleeves. 324 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 3% yards 36,
224 yards 44, 24 yard 27 for trimming,
for medium size. 6879, girl’s dress with
body and sleeves in one, 4, 6 and 8
years. 3 yards of material 27 inches
wide, 2l/2 yards 36, 2 yards 44, for the
6 year size. 6951, child’s bishop dress,
6 months, 1, 2 and 4 years. 2*4 yards
of material 27 inches wide, 2 yards 36,
124 yard 44, for 2 year size. 6888, four-
piece skirt for misses and small women,
14, 16 and 18 years. With high or nat¬
ural waist line. 424 yards of material
27 inches wide, 3*4 yards 36, 224 yards
44, for 16 year size ; price of each 10
cents.
Inexpensive Floor Covering.
Can you tell me what is the very cheap¬
est floor covering and whether old tloors
can he stained more cheaply than painted?
Can carpet rags be worked up at home in
any way and thus save cost of weaving?
The product does not need to possess ever¬
lasting wearing qualities, the idea is just
to tide over a tight place. a. e. V.
Ans. — Our preference is for stained
floors, except where there is merely a
border of bare floor around a central
rug. In such case painting can be made
very attractive, yellow, soft green or
fawn painted border with harmonious
rugs being really handsome. But the
condition of the floors must be consulted.
Some old boards, defaced and misused,
cannot be stained, and should have a
coat of some recommended filler, fol¬
lowed by painting. In our experience
the painted floor has not worn as well
as the staining, where there is much
tracking over it. We hope everyone
building a new farmhouse will lay good
floors, of matched boards, and get rid,
once and forever, of tacked-down floor
coverings. Housecleaning that lays bare
a layer of penetrating dust on every floor
is a thing of the past when there is no
all-over matting or carpet to remove.
And what a blessed relief it is to be
free from the sore knees, stubbed fingers
and aching shoulders that accompany
taking up or laying down the floor cov¬
ering! If new floors are impossible, see
if the old ones are not paintable or
stainahle, instead of renewing the cover¬
ing. One of the greatest comforts of a
furnace in the cellar Is the fact that
bare floors are always warm; unfortun¬
ately the bothersome coverings still re¬
main a necessity in a northern climate
on an old floor, where stoves supply the
heat.
Braided and hooked rugs are the only
carpet-rag coverings we know that are
made without weaving. We think they
both involve a good deal of work,
though many enjoy making them, and
they have come into fashion again with
the rage for Colonial furnishings. Can
anyone give us further advice about the
use of carpet rags without weaving for
rugs or other floor coverings?
Ask for
r
Reduce your dress-making I
bills by selecting material I
that gives lasting wear and is I
“worth making up.’’
Simpson-Eddystone
Silver Grey Prints
are specially satisfying cotton
dress-goods because of their
rich dignified designs, their
fadeless tub-proof color, and
the well -woven cloth that
makes dresses of exceptional
wearing quality. The stand¬
ard calicoes of the U. S. since
1842
Show this advertisement to vour
dealer when you order, and don’t
accept substitutes. If not in your
I dealer’s stock write us his name and
address. We’ll help him supply you.
The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philad’a
Founded 1842 by Wm. Simpson Sr
TAPESTRY RUG,
WOOL, 9 x 12 ft.,
Art Squares— 9 x 12
ft., 93.25 up. Fine
Smyrna Rugs— 9
12 ft., $6.98. Mat¬
ting — from 13c a yard
up. Oil Cloth — 24c a
yard up. Linoleum — 41c
a sq. yard and up. Brus¬
sels Carpets— 40c a yard
up.
$7.48
Just think! Floor
coverings as fine
as can be made-
beautiful, long last¬
ing, guaranteed , with
bright, fadeless colors —
at regular manufactur¬
er’s prices, one-third to
one-naif less than retail!
We buy in big lots. You
know that saves money.
Roxboroiifh Rugs
Just as big bargains in
Body Brussels, Axmln-
sters. Velvets, Ingrains,
Wiltons, Rag Carpets,
Carpet Linings, Cocoa
Mats and Lace Curtains.
Talk about handsome
patterns! We have
them for parlor,
bedroom, dining
room and kitchen.
Get a postal right now,
and write for our hand¬
some illustrated cata¬
logue. It tells all about
each article and gives
you the exact low price.
Don’t put off writing!
You won't have to buy
unless you want to, but
by all means send for
the catalogue, and see
the low prices.
ROXBOROUGH RUG CO., Dept. 377 , Philadelphia, Pa.
NO matter whereyoulive, you can buy everythingneeded
forth© homo from us on credit and on easy payments
to suit your convenience. All you need to do is to mail
ns your name and address and wo will at once send you,
lr«o, our Mammoth Home Furnishing Catalog, containing
illustrations from photographs and full descriptions of
thousands of articles in Furniture, Rugs, Carpets and
Home Furnishings sold by ns on longtime, opon account,
easy credit terms.
A high color
Brussels Rug,
red rose design
with either
green or tan
k ground.
\ No. CW 4602.
9x12 size.
Price, $11.95
JSa. $1.60 Cash
75c per
month
A Personal
Word
The rich and
prosperous class
can always com¬
mand the lux¬
uries of life, but
the average
home lover needs
the Spear System
of Credit to the
Nation. I want
1,000,000 families
to say of me: —
“He helped us to
furnish andbeau-
tify our homes.”
I ask for no high¬
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life’s work.
Write for my I
Free Catalog:.
Spear i
V °i JL
y Pittsburg /
Credit Buying Made Easy
Price, com¬
plete, $11.60
Your Credit !m good with us. Why not use it? Under
our liberal open account, easy payment plan you can V A I
have every possible advantage in buying for your I f Ir
home possessed by the most favored and well-to-do-
shopper in the city stores. Our credit system is I y jjl
extended to honest people, evorywhero, regardless of i4iu |Tn
their income. You need not deny yourself any article II a
of household comfort or luxury on account of alack
of ready cash. Select what you want from our Catalog,
pay a little cash down and a little each month. A complete Bed Outfit
_ consisting of heavy,
Our Prices Are The Lowest
TJJhile our credit terms are the most liberal in the a good woven wire spring
country, yet our prices are the lowest. This is be- with coil supports, a 55
. cause of our immense purchasing power and pound cotton top mattress
enormous volume of sales. We and two feather pillows,
buy goods in such vast qnanti- No. CW 201, Price, $11.60
3b ties that we secure better prices —$1.50 Cash— 76c per month
than would bo possible to , . ..
smaller concerns, and by ex- A ruA1 V inwg.
tending our business to tens 1
of thousands of customers all ”n0.. 1
”rrr ^;"Unr? !ffl| over the country, wo can af- motion » f
ford to accept just one small F2,Ln*’" I ’SR g'ftr
IBKaMa added profit from each sale.
Wo allow no store or factory uocart NM
on earth to undersell us. Just n°avy
eet our prices! tiUreserall -
jjjllpy Take a Month To Decide
Anything you se- mud ’ )
- lect from our guards
Bargain Catalog over
I III "ill be shipped wheels and high grade
1 H JnRD on approval. Keep leatherette covering. Cornea
I MctZS/il tl10 Soods 30 days, either in dark green or tun.
IHH. I als then decide to buy No. CW 100, Price, $6.95.
HHSIHSSHBBb M III R-vi'ftd or return at our ex- 75c Cash— 60c per Month
Bill iHgfibl pense. If not fully
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ajgmSS Jg$Sr37 back at onr expense and we
will refund your money.
Big Rocker Bargain m
jFstJl if®® 3 A large, comfortable, V&S
KLrjBLBmcFk A solid oak Rocker with high 11
wide back, fully tufted and 9
. . _. Vwl BlSSa buttoned. Seat is large and *
acp No. roomy, upholstered with high- w
W. 531 vmm. grade Dlack Sylvan leatberover 7
a ■ AaYlPk nyk? full steel springs and beautiful-
#*4> Vd. II S «Xw ly ruffled edge to match back.
Construction Is solid golden oak
throughout, with high gloss gold
on finish. Wide arms, front post
of handsome design. Sntisfac
Terms: 75c Cash^^M^I
With Order
Balance Payable 50c Monthly
SPEAR & COMPANY, Department 19>1M Pittsburg, Pa.
SPEAR Will Trust You
Wherever You Live— Write
For His Free Catalog
628
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
Live Stock and Dairy
Mr. TAYLOR’S SIDE OF GUERNSEY COW
CASE.
Part II.
Another member of the executive
committee stated :
Mr. Hill : “I might say, I certainly
wouldn’t like to act upon the committee ;
if there is to be a special committee, it
ought to be some one outside of the execu¬
tive .committee.”
The club then authorized the appoint¬
ment of a special committee to conduct
the investigation, not a sub-committee of
the executive committee. The executive
committee appointed the following special
committee : Dean Russell, of Columbia
University, a New York breeder; Mr.
Rietbrock, of Wisconsin, one of the best-
known breeders in this country, and Mr.
Gill, vice-president of the club, and a
very well known New Jersey breeder.
Mr. Taylor was not consulted as to the
appointments. The accusers refused to
formulate charges ; they were requested
to appear before this special committee
and they refused to do so. The special
committee held three all-day sessions,
two in New York and one at Glenfarm,
They examined at great length the man¬
ager of the farm, the herdsman, milker,
the two inspectors, the chemist who
made the analysis, the secretary of the
club, Mr. Herrick, various experts, and
in fact, everyone wlio could throw any
light on the subject, except the accusers,
who refused to appear. The special com¬
mittee then consulted the leading experts
of the United States on the various
technical subjects, especially as to hered¬
ity, and the effect of hoof-rot disease in
affecting the composition of milk. It was
found that the hoof-rot accounted for
the abnormal analysis. The committee
carefully considered the charge that
cream was added to the milk, and dis¬
missed it as entirely unfounded. The
so-called “fixed laws” governing cows
laid down by the accusers were refuted
by an examination of the records of other
cows. The report of the special com¬
mittee was unanimous in favor of the
records. They suggested, however,
that an average of the four tests taken
in November, when Missy was sick, be
substituted for the test taken on De¬
cember 1, although the secretary testified
that in taking the December test he was
following the custom. Mr. Taylor stat¬
ed that he would accept the modification.
The special committee did a great amount
of disagreeable and unselfish work, in
midsummer, without compensation, and
are entitled to the thanks of every mem¬
ber of the club and of all breeders of
dairy cattle.
The special committee made its report
in August. It covers 69 printed pages.
A sub-committee of the executive com¬
mittee refused to permit Mr. Taylor’s
representative to see the report after it
was made. I was acting as Mr. Taylor’s
counsel. I was informed that the exec¬
utive committee proposed to modify the
report, which I contended they had no
right to do, as the report of the special
committee was final. Mr. Taylor was
in Europe, but he had instructed me in
case the executive committee rejected
the records to invoke the protection of
the court. Members of the executive
committee had admitted that they were
biased, they had not seen the witnesses,
most of them had not even had an op¬
portunity to examine the evidence. One
of them admitted that the report was
in Mr. Taylor’s favor, but he stated that
it would have to be modified.
The executive committee met on Sep¬
tember 30. That afternoon I obtained
an order to show cause, containing a
temporary injunction restraining the ex¬
ecutive committee from rejecting the rec¬
ords or from publishing other records
unless Missy’s and Glenanaar’s were in¬
cluded, until the matter could be passed
on by the court. The order was return¬
able within a few days. Before serving
the papers I asked the president of the
club whether he would let me know what
action the executive committee had
taken, after its deliberations were com¬
pleted. Upon his refusal I served the
injunction, as the only possible means of
protecting Mr. Taylor’s rights. I later
discovered that the proposed modifica¬
tions in the report related to certain
matters affecting the Advanced Register
work. Under our jurisprudence every
man has the right to be tried by an im¬
partial tribunal, to face his accusers and
to be notified of the charges against him.
I contended that the decision of the
special committee in favor of the records
was final. All the evidence taken before
the special committee was presented to
the court, and the court has decreed that
as shown by the evidence the records
were honestly made, and that as a mat¬
ter of law they shall stand. I know of
no higher way in which the records
could have been established. They were
supervised by duly authorized inspectors
unanimously sustained by the committee
appointed by the club to investigate them,
and upheld by the decision of the court.
The flimsiness of the charges is shown by
the fact that the accusers refused even
to appear before the committee. If the
executive committee or breeders had any
defence to the suit they certainly had
the ability and the means, and they
should have had the courage, to defend
it. No law-abiding citizen can object to
the course we pursued, and Mr. Taylor
cannot be blamed for freeing his men
from the unjust charge of fraud; he
could be blamed if he had not done so.
Mr. Rice, in his letter, demands that
other cows at Glenfarm duplicate these
high tests. There is but one Missy of
the Glen, and she has been injured. How
easy, under the circumstances, to demand
the impossible of her! There are other
good cows at Glenfarm, and I expect
that they will make fine records. A few
cows have improved their records upon a
retest, after a reasonable period of rest,
but there is no way of telling how many
have failed to do so. Each record must
stand by itself, and Missy’s will stand
upon the proof of its accuracy, sustained
by the verdict of an impartial committee
of experts and upheld by the decision of
the court. john henry hammond.
Ailing Cow ; Rickets in Pig.
1. I have a cow, I think 15 years old. At
times she has a dry cough, and a white
discharge runs from her mouth ; throat
seems swollen. She eats very little hay,
and drinks very little. I feed her whole
corn ground with oats, gluten, bran, raw
potatoes and mangels. At times she acts
as though she would not eat those. She
gives about four quarts of milk a day. Can
you tell me what ails her? 2. I have a pig,
six months old, which commenced to get
stiff in hind legs and does not eat as well
as it did. I feed on boiled potatoes, whole
corn ground with oats, very little of it ;
middlings and bran, always scald feed well.
Can you tell me what ails it? h. b. a.
New Hampshire.
1. There is good reason to suppose that
the cow has tuberculosis. To determine this
have her tested with tuberculin. Mean¬
while do not use her milk. 2. Overfeeding
and lack of exercise induce such conditions.
Give the pig its liberty out of doors. Feed
on slop of milk and middlings, adding lime
water at rate of one ounce to the quart of
slop. As the pig improves a little corn-
meal and ground (screened) oats may be
added to the ration. A. s. a.
Indigestion.
I have a mare which of late has fre¬
quently been going off her feed. When in
this condition, which is usually after a
drive, her stomach becomes distended and
she belches wind quite freely, although she
does not seem to be in great pain, but
she refuses to eat sometimes for 12 hours
after bringing her in. Her bowels are quite
regular, but the excrement is of an ex¬
tremely disagreeable odor. Until recently
her daily rations consisted of about eight
quarts of cracked corn and oats mixed
equally and fed in three portions, which I
have now reduced to six quarts, and at
mid-day I divide the grain with bran. At
night I give her a liberal portion of hay.
About three times a week I throw a handful
of table salt into her manger. j. k.
New York.
Allow free access to rock salt in manger.
Stop feeding corn. Feed whole oats, adding
one-fifth part wheat bran, and dampen the
mixture. Give the drinking water before
feeding. See that she is worked or abun¬
dantly exercised every day. Use baled
shavings or sawdust if she eats her bedding.
If belching continues, give in feed, twice
daily, one-half ounce of granular hyposul¬
phite of soda. a. s. a.
DAIRY CATTLE
Maple Hurst Stock Farms, Guilford, p. Th„?. f/J;
sale. One magnificent Yearling Guernsey Bull (reg¬
istered); one lull blooded Jersey Bull (registered).
Dams of both extra heavy producers. Jersey
Sire, Hood Farm Pogis; Guernsey sire, Fantim’s
Zac Taylor (imported). One registered Berkshire
Boar 5 mos. old, perfect form and breeding cannot
be boat. One Chester White Boar 9 mos. old, pure
bred, quick and sure, an exceptional animal, price
right. 12 Single and Double Comb R. I. Red Cock¬
erels $3.00 each (Tuttle Strain). Bred for utility as
well as beauty. Full blooded Imperial Pekin Duck
Eggs for hatching $1.00 per 13— $6.00 per hundred.
Full blooded S. and D. C. R. I. Red Eggs for hatch¬
ing. Guaranteed 100<» fertility from our Utility Pens.
$1.00 per 1(1— $4.00 per hundred. The above stock is
guaranteed to be pure bred and the price is right.
The First Check Gets Him.
ONTARIO AMERICA BE KOL
Born Feb. 19, 1911. Sire, America De Kol Burke;
dam, Belle Hartog De Kol, butter, seven days, 27.05;
30 days, 100.75. Dam gave 2,439.0 lbs. milk in March.
Price $250, crated, f. o. b. Charlotte,
CI.OVERDALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Lunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
REG. HOLSTEIN MALE CALVES
. . . $20 to $25 . . .
Cheaper than you can purchase elsewhere, quality
considered. Write for detailed descriptions. Also
a few young cows and heifer calves. Address
F. H. RIVENBURGH, HILLHURST FARM, MUNNSVILLE, N. Y.
K* HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU. SOMERVILLE, N. J.
Robinson’s HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON. Edmeston, N. Y.
ALLAMUCHY FARM HOLSTEINS
We offer well bred bull calves out of A. R. O.
dams at reasonable prices. Send for list before
placing your order. ALLAMUCHY, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI AN ASS'N OF AMERICA
< L. HOUGHTON, SECY, BOX 105. BRATTLEBORO. VT.
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern’s Jubi¬
lee still beads the herd. What do you want?
Will also sell full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MOUSE, Hamilton, N. Y.
Jersey Bulls For Spring Serv!:e
From Son of "The Imported Jap.” Dams are
Flying Fox, Financial King, Stoke Pogis, and
Combination Blood. Also Fertile Eggs from
Young’s S. C. W. Leghorns, Wrights W. Wyan-
dottes, and Tuttle’s R. and S. C. R. I. Reds, $1.00
per 15, $5.00 per 100 Satisfaction guaranteed.
SHELDONCROFT, Silver Lake, Pa.
Chas. B. Dayton, Supt.
Breed Up-Not
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. U. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
FOR SALE-GRADE GUERNSEYS BE. T5:
HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES
ter Boy, 62729, for sale cheap. OSWEGO RIVER
STOCK FARMS, Phoenix, New York.
HOUSES
THE l’ERCHERON SOCIETY OF
AMERICA
Has 338 new members since December 1st, 1910,
exclusive of the 137 new members added by
taking over the Perclieron Registry Company,
Columbus, Ohio. More than 3500 stockholders
March 15th, 1911. The only recognized Percheron
record. Good pure bred mares will do your farm
work and raise more valuable colts than grade
mares. For information address WAYNE
D1NSMORE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards,
Chicago, III.
Q p| Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
OU at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O..
on Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
April 22,
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
SWINE
J
LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS
Am now booking orders for 6 week old Pigs, Regis¬
tered, at $15.00 per pair. If you are looking for the
genuine Bacon Hog, try a pair this spring. Address
HILLHURST FAItM, Orchard Park, N. Y.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders booked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg, Pa.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES.-^ „0^
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, toser-
v ice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Pioorietor, Marbledale, Cnnn.
CHELDON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
w Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford, N. Y.
FOR <JAI C-impmved English Yorkshire swine.
rUil OMLL Young bred sows and young boars
ready for service, also young pigs. Address
C. H. FARNHAM, Brocton, New York.
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES , . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHW00D— Special Offering
L of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
up. They should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity. H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee. N. Y.
omestead Herd !
H_ „„„„
DUKOC-JEKSEY RED SWINE, BRED
GILTS, SERVICE BOARS AND SPRING
PIGS. R. W. McALLEN, Eannettsburg, Pa.
SUNNY BANK FARM BERKSHIRES— For Sale. 3 Service
Boars. Booking orders for Spring Pigs. Masterpiece
and Longfellow Breedings. Prices reasonable. Registra¬
tion free. A._F. JONES, Box 117, Bridgehainpton, N. Y.
Milk PrndiTrArc ,or New York City market
IU11IY riUUUOOlo desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville. N. Y.
O Gr S
SCOTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to
eight mos. Lire. SILAS DECKER, Montrose, Pa
PHI I IF DIIDQ-From imported stock. Females
UULLIl lUlO cheap. Nelson Bros., Grave City. Pa.
COW COMFORT
Means additional profit. Simple
durable, easily locked. Pouter
Steel Stanchions cannot be
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬
tom chains permit free head move¬
ment, standing or lying down, yet
keep cattle lined up and clean.
Write for new booklet showing
model stables.
Foster Steel Stanchion Co.,
906 Ins. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.
r ROBERTSON’S GRAIN
C RANGING STANCHIONS
1 “I have Ufipd them for moro
1 than TWENTY YI5AKS, and they
have given the very best of sstla-
I faction in every way,” writes
Justus H. Cooley, M.D., Plainfield
Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J. .
Thirty days’ trial on application
O. II. ROBERTSON
Wash. St., Forestvlllc, Conn.
P D I 1 MP1 C IMPROVED
UKUmDd WARRINER
STANCHION
H. A. Moyer, Syracuse,
N. Y., says “they
SAVE COST
in feed in one winter.”
1 Send address for spec¬
ifications of inexpensive
— — - - - -yet sanitary cow stable to
WALLACE B. CRUMB, Box M2, Poreatvllle, Conn.
Write for Free Booklet
How to Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully Without Milk
Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
No mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1 80_CL
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
THE MOST MONEY FOR $1 INVESTED IN FOOD
HAS BEEN SECURED IN BEPABTIAL TRIALS FROM
THE GUERNSEY COW
Who won 1st prize in Greatest Profit in Butter Produc¬
tion. Greatest return for $1 invested in food. Best
color and flavor and the best score of Dairy Products
in the Pan American Model Dairy Breed Test. ( The
only one where all dairy breeds were represented.)
The First Breed to Establish Advanced Register
on Basis of Years Records with Public Supervision.
THREE GUERNSEY COWS
Led All Others in the Great
Iowa State Dairy Cow Contest
Full information by addressing
* The American Guernsey Cattle Club,
Box R Peterboro, N.
H.
DOLLY DIMPLE, ADV. It. 628.
“The most remarkable heifer in the world.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
620
1911.
THAT CELEBRATED GUERNSEY CASE.
Did Missy Give Nine per Cent Milk ?
Part II.
In addition to the testimony given last
week regarding that sample of milk
Prof. C. H. Eckles, of Missouri, said:
The analysis that you cite does not
seem to me to be a thoroughly typical
one. The ash content is low of the normal
milk, that is, low of the average. The
proteids seem to me low in comparison
with the fat content, and the solids not
fat, which usually rise with the increase of
fat and are usually in rich milk cows above
rather than below 9 per cent — are .2 per
cent below that point.
We shall see all through this that
these experts regard this milk as abnor¬
mal because the per cent of solids other
than fat is proportionately low. Prof.
E. H. Farrington, of Wisconsin, is an¬
other high authority. He says :
The cow’s record which you sent im¬
presses me as either that of a freak cow or
the taking of the sample was not satisfac¬
tory. Before accepting .such records I
should want to be perfectly sure that the
cow was normal, and that the samples
were properly taken. I should think that
when the first samples received from this
cow were obtained, and the analysis Showed
them to be so unusual in composition, steps
would have been taken to have future
samples taken in the presence of several
parties, and all tests thereof carefully
authenticated by reliable persons, espe¬
cially assigned to this piece of work.
Dr. E. H. Jenkins, of Connecticut,
states that he has not made a recent
study of milk and cream analysis, but
that he should trust the judgment of
such men as Dr. Babcock, Dr. Hills and
others. So we think, would any un¬
prejudiced person who knows anything
about milk. Here are six of the high¬
est authorities in the country who prac¬
tically agree in the opinion that this
sample of milk had either been tampered
with or was very suspicious. In addition
to this the analysis which we printed
last week shows that when extra cream
because the vast majority of dairymen
and breeders will easily see that any
such record is judge-made rather than
cow-made. We will now take up the
committee's report and see how they jus¬
tify it. _
THAT HEN CONTEST.
On page 480 we printed the first re- J
port of the hen feeding contest which |
Mr. W. J. Dougan is conducting. That
report covered the first fifteen days of
March. We now have the second report
for the remaining sixteen days of that
month.
Record of Ten Wyandottes.
Report No. 2.
I herewith submit report of the White
Wyandottes running in contest; during the
last 16 days of March they were fed or had
placed in hoppers :
Per cwt.
16 lbs cracked corn at . $1.25 .20
6% lbs. wheat screenings at. . 1.55 .10
6 lbs. mixed feed (cooked) at. 1.55 .09
5 lbs bran at . 1.70 .09
5 lbs beef scraps at . 2.85 .14
3% lbs. oats at . bag 1.50 .07
2 cabbages at . each .05 .10
.79
During that time they laid 56 eggs, eight
of which were too light bodied to set, and
were sold at 45 cents per dozen. Set 28
eggs during same time. Total eggs laid,
107 ; total set during month, 67 ; total eggs
sold, 14; chickens hatched, 14; 23 chicks
dead in shell.
In the former report the feed cost
$1.17. This cost is figured at the amount
put in the feed hoppers. Some of it
will, of course, be left over from week
to week. We have, therefore, during
March a feed bill of $1.96 and a record
of 107 eggs. These eggs cost 1.83 cent J
each. At the price which Mr. Dougan
receives these eggs would have brought
$4.01. As it stands he has received 52
cents and has fourteen chickens.
Record of Ten White Leghorns.
Report No. 2.
During the last 16 days of March they
were fed or had placed in hoppers :
Per cwt.
16 lbs. cracked corn at. . . .
- $1.25
.20
6% lbs. wheat screenings
at. . 1.85
.12
5 lbs. bran at .
.08
5 lbs. beef scrap at .
_ 2.S5
.14
4 lbs. mixed feed at .
_ 1.55
.06
3% lbs oats at . per
hag 1.50
.07
2 cabbages at .
each .05
.10
.77
was added to a genuine five per cent
milk the product contained just about
the same per cent of solids not fat, ash
and protein as the sample which pur¬
ported to be Missy’s milk! This must
be regarded as evidence that the milk
had been tampered with or substituted
in some way. Mr. Hammond is a lawyer
accustomed to sifting and analyzing
evidence. Suppose he had a murder case
During the same time they laid 65 eggs,
AO of which were too light bodied to set,
'wnd were sold for 45 cents per dozen. Set
41 eggs during that time; total eggs laid
for month, 112; total set, 88; one broken;
total eggs sold, 16 ; chickens hatched, 16 ;
two dead in shell.
The last report of feed cost was 83
cents, which makes $1.60 for March. As
the Leghorns laid 112 eggs, the cost per
egg was 1.42 cent each. Had they all
been sold the income would have been
$4.20. The actual returns thus far are
60 cents and sixteen chickens.
Have the
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You pay no freight. Pay nothing in
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Write for
catalogue
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THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO..
WEST CHESTER, FA.
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NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED
WITH LICE, TICKS, MITES, FLEAS,
SCAB, MANGE, AND OTHER SKIN
DISEASES.
TO CLEAN OUT THESE
PARASITES, GUARD AGAINST
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES,
CLEANSE, PURIFY, AND
DEODORIZE. USE
Kreso
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STANDARDIZED,
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GALLON OF KRESO DIP NO.I MAKES 60
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A REAL NECESSITY ABOUT
HORSES.CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE,
DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.
FOR SALE. BV ALL DRUGGISTS.
WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK FOR LEAFICT
DESCRIBING A NEW CEMENT HOG WALLOW, IF YOU |
ARE INTERESTED.
PARKE,DAVIS8tC0j
^DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL
INDUSTRY.
^DETROIT,MICHJ
U.S.A.
Safeguard your home. The DODD SYSTEM of
protection is the standard. Only system endorsed
by 2000 Insurance companies. Lowers Insurance
rates. A gents wanted. Fine, large Lightning Book f
with vivid lightning scenes, free. Address
DODD & STRUTHERS, 437 6th Ave., Des Moines, la. !
Send Us 50 Cents TODAY for Box of
Labaree’s Hoof Ointment
A wonderful remedy for softening and growing tho hoof of
the horso. A positive and speedy cure for Quarter Crack,
Contracted orDry, Hurd Feet, Cracked Heels. Speed Cracks,
Quittor 'Corns, Calks, Soreness and Brittleness, also Foot
Ails in Cattle and Sheep.
FREE— fi0,,k on Treatment of Wounds
of Domestic Animals.
VERMONT DRUG CO.
Bellows Falls, Vt.
New Home -Builders' Plan Book
Keeps Cost Within Estimates!
which hinged upon the character of
blood or the analysis of poisons, and the
best experts he could find gave similar
testimony regarding these matters.
Would he wave it all aside or consider
it reasonably suspicious? We must re¬
member that the public is asked to be¬
lieve that Missy gave after milking 11
months 1,151.2 pounds of milk in 30 days
and that it all averaged 9.07 per cent
of butter fat ! Our understanding is that
whenever this cow and her test partner
Glenanaar were openly tested by out¬
siders — their milk at once fell to about
five per cent fat. In no case, as we
understand it, has either cow given any
of this nine per cent milk when openly
watched for any length of time by un¬
interested parties. If this statement is
not correct we call upon Air. Hammond
to set us right. That is why we insist
that the way to settle this matter is to
have these cows “come back” and give
some more of that liquid butter. That
as we look at it is what that committee
should have done. They had the strong¬
est scientific evidence that the sample of
milk on which the record was based was
abnormal and suspicious. They must
have realized what it meant to the
Guernsey Cattle Club and the Guernsey
cow to have any possibility of suspicion
hanging over this test. It seems to us
nonsense to say that if this cow can go
on month after month giving milk from
six to nine per cent butter fat she can¬
not do it again even with a small quan¬
tity of milk. The fact, as Mr. Ham¬
mond states, that he secured an injunc¬
tion which in effect compelled the Guern¬
sey Club to print these records, places
the test in a worse position than ever
Those Hen Figures. — I have just read
the criticism by Win. Gibson, of Gori &
Son’s $12.31 hens, and it seems to me a
case of “much ado about nothing.” It is
simply a question of difference of opinion
as to whether the year's profits should be
credited to the hens with which the poul-
tryman begins the season or divided be¬
tween the various departments which are
incidental to every practical egg farm.
Without doubt Gori & Son are right in fig¬
uring (each) year’s profits on the number
of hens with which they start the season ;
because by doing so they procure the most
simple and practical basis on which to
calculate probable future profits, which is
what the people who read poultry state¬
ments want. If a man contemplated go¬
ing into egg farming with the intention
of buying a fresh supply of full-grown
pullets each year and not raising any stock
of his own, then he would figure his profits
as Mr. Gibson suggests, but the majority
of men who go into the poultry business
will run their plants on about the same
line as Gori & Son ; therefore when giving
a statement for the benefit of would-be
poultrymen they were right in giving it as
they did. Gori & Son’s rule for figuring
profits should have the preference over Mr.
Gibson’s in that it more nearly fills the
requirements of the majority of readers.
Virginia. f. t. brooke, jr.
NOT “Theoretical” Figures, but Actual Cost to Build!
Here, nt lust, is a practical Plan Book that keeps the cost of new homes
within the original estimates. Doubtless you have consulted architects or
have sent for some of the many Plan Books
that aro advertised for sale. Bfave you ever
tried to put up a house at the price stated in
these books? If so, you have learned how dis¬
astrous it is to depend on the theoretical fig¬
ures given by most architects. Tho Gordon-
Van Tino Plan Book wine out because it sufe-
guards tho home builder. It shows real
Photographs and Floor Plans of Newest Designs
Lumber and Millwork for this in H°“es & Bungalows Costing $600 to $6,000 L ^ and M;llwork -
5-Room Bungalow, $868 .1E\’ery hnusP illustrated in it has been actu- 7^7 H am
fbJL Ur, ‘ “ ’, 7. aI'y built at the figures stated. Wo have seen thls 7-Koom House, $1,057
these houses go up and we have furnished all the material used. Wo want this book to bo in tho hands of
I1KHHU i-Htt MiLLnUnK CATALOG Saves 50 Per Cent on Building Material
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ot the most modern types, even to mantels and hurdware. Wo guarantee
quick shipment, no matter how largo the order.
Quality, Safe Delivery and Satis¬
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our responsibility.
Get the big Free Catalogs, tho
Home Builders’ Plan Book and
build with utmost economy and
the positive assurunce of cost not
exceeding estimates. Write toduy.
Gnrdon-Van Tine Co.
* Lumber and Millwork for thi
2324 CaS0 St., Davenport, lOftd 8-Room Stucco House, $1,01!
Lumber and Millwork for this
5-Room Bungalow, $946
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19 One Tool Rest
630
THE RURAL) NEW-YORKER
April 22,
A CHENANGO CO. HORSE DEAL.
A few weeks ago, on getting a call
over the ’phone, this was about the
gist of the conversation :
“Hullo; is this Morse? Say, you are
the man who wrote up that horse deal,
aint you? Well, that piece was worth a
whole lot to some of us fellows down
here at Smyrna. How would you like to
know how just such a case has worked
out here?”
“First rate.”
“All right, come down here and go to
Mr. G. N. Willcox, the feed man, and
he will tell you all about it.”
Smyrna is 10 miles or more from here,
down in Chenango County, but I thought
it was worth the drive to find out how
one of these company horse deals has
panned out, so one pleasant morning I
made the trip. The man I was directed
to I found to be a dealer in grain and
feed, and a pretty busy fellow at that.
At the time I got there he was helping
to unload a car of gluten feed, but he
came up to the store, and, between calls
to wait on customers, told me about the
horse company.
“Oh, yes,” he said, “I was one of the
suckers, all right. We paid $2400 for a
horse worth about $200, and at present I
own half of him at that. Four 'shares at
$200 each failed to meet the first pay¬
ment. One man went around with the
agent and helped to sell the horse. He
took two shares, and we afterwards
found that one-third of his was indorsed
on the note as paid. He never paid any¬
thing and we had to take over his shares.
The first year, 1905, we paid one of the
stock-holders $300 to keep the horse. He
bred 30 mares and got 17 colts ; in 1906
bred 75 mares and got 22 colts ; 1907,
bred 57 mares and got 17 colts ; 1908,
bred 37 mares and got 12 colts; 1909,
bred 39 mares and got 11 colts ; 1910,
bred but 12 mares.
“Now I think these figures prove that
the horse had a good opportunity to
make good, but it was not in him to do
so. The first year he was used lightly
and the second year we had all the
mares we wanted. Then his colts began
to show what they were, and patronage
began to fall off, and the more the colts
have developed the less the patronage.”
This horse was an English Hackney,
which, I believe, is about as useless a
breed of horse as the American farmer
could well invest in. Their chief merit
lies in the fact that they are high step¬
pers, with great knee and hock action.
This of course makes them desirable
when bred in their purity, as fancy har¬
ness horses. But they lack size, and
when crossed with the common farm
mares the offspring is usually a very
common little runt of a horse of no
especial value. While this case has
proven disastrous to the purchasers, I
do not think it necessarily shows how
our own deal is likely to turn out. I
think that the Belgian ‘breed is much
more suitable for our needs than the
Hackney. I also think we have a good
colt, whose actual value is around half
what he cost us. We shall try to use
him intelligently, accepting for service
only such mares as are likely to produce
good colts, and thus give the horse a
fair chance to make good. If he proves
to be a good breeder I think he will pay
fairly well. Of course it is not fair to
expect that anything of $1200 value
should pay a dividend on a valuation
inflated to twice its worth, or that if
some of the shareholders should fail to
make good that the others could get
out even. If we only are able to show
the farmers the folly of paying high
prices for unacclimated Western horses
when they can just as well raise those
that are better suited to their needs, I
think that our $2400 will not be lost
to the community.
New York. j. grant morse.
Concrete Posts. — On page 420 John C.
Hoffman refers to Mr. Kinsley, page 186,
setting fence posts without bracing. I
would think Mr. Hoffman after going to
all the expense concreting a wooden post,
would be making a serious mistake by not
planting a concrete post and have a post
for all time to come. Plant a post that
will not rot ; the concrete posts are cheaper
than wooden posts, to say nothing about
their lasting qualities. c. e. sattler.
Ohio.
HOW TO FEED SHOTES.
I have just commenced feeding 10 shotes
weighing 75 pounds each that I would like
to market in June. Can I profitably market
them then, considering that I have no pas¬
ture for them and have all my feed to buy
except slop and corn? What shall I use
to make a balanced ration for them?
McLeansboro, Ill. G. E. w.
A pig feeder these days is up against,
a tough proposition when he fattens
hogs on corn alone in warm weather
with only kitchen slops to wash it down,
factory soap being used in dishwashing
for it is assumed that there is no milk
because there is no pasture for the pigs.
If this inquirer has a farm he can surely
find a place to grow something green for
his pigs. If not very large, a little green
stuff that may be grown will be a great
help along with the corn. Fall rye and
rape can be sown any time now, or clover
can be sown with the rye. In a fort¬
night if the weather is warm the rye will
furnish a bite for the pigs and the clover
will not be far behind. Rape may also
be used, but requires a longer time to
get started.
With corn alone they need something
rich in protein. Under these circum¬
stances the writer would use Alfalfa hay
out of the mow, last year’s cutting, this
put through a cutting box and soaked
with slop 12 hours would balance the
corn part of the ration, or clover hay
will well answer the same purpose. Not
having these, middlings or tankage can
be used. If the middlings are a straight
article, not mixed with chaff or beards
so the hogs will not eat them, tankage
gives most excellent satisfaction, using
about one-tenth by weight the quantity
of corn used, and can be fed dry in a
flat-bottomed trough by scattering it
over the bottom of the trough about
one-half inch thick. It can also be made
into a slop, but should be fed at once,
not allowing it to stand from one feed¬
ing time to another, as it will get
putrid. The hogs will relish the tank¬
age very much. JOHN M. jamison.
Ross Co., Ohio.
Summer Silage Without Silo.
C. E. M., Millbrook, N. Y. — I am very
much interested in Isaac C. Roger’s article,
“Summer Silage Without a Silo,” and
would like to ask some questions. My silo
is 12 x 36 feet, and is empty by Spring.
Can I put in a few loads of peas without
running them through a cutter and expect
them to keep? Can I commence to feed at
once without waiting for them to settle?
Can I use the same method with green
rye? If this works successfully it will be
a great help to me in making milk cheaply
in hot weather.
Ans. — I have never had any ex¬
perience in putting in a small quantity
of peas in silo or stack without weight¬
ing down, where it was expected to keep.
They heat very quickly and even loads
hauled in on Saturday afternoon to last
over Sunday would sometimes get very
hot, but that hurt them little or not at all,
and even a load or two thrown in a pile
to last a few days, quickly heats, settles
and turns to silage, and what little it
moulds on the outside makes no dif¬
ference, as it all goes. No need to wait
for them to settle or anything else.
With us, running peas and oats through
the cutter would have been pretty hard
on the machine, as it was difficult to
keep from gathering up stones, i would
not undertake to put in a few loads, if
by few is referred to as a small quantity.
It is safer to plan for more feed than it
is expected to be needed, rather than
to go on small margins. I would advise
putting all the crop in .excepting a load
or two, or what might be necessary to
feed for a day or two while the big lot
settles. Green rye should be cut with
cutter, cut green and settled the same
as for peas, according to my experience
as referred to in the article on that sub¬
ject. ISAAC C. ROGERS.
“Have you heard,” asked Mrs. Old-
castle, “that Grace Moneylove has mar¬
ried an octogenarian ?” “Mercy sakes !”
exclaimed Mrs. Justrich. “Is that so?
Well, he may be all right, but I’ve
never seen a man who wouldn’t eat
meat that I’d live with.” — Judge.
You Gan CureThat Lame Horse
Under A Bond Guarantee
A
He Asks You
LAME horse means money lost. You can neither work him or sell
him to advantage. There is no excuse for your having a lame
horse about the place for we absolutely guarantee Mack’s
$1 OOO Spavin Remedy to cure spavin and send you a bond to
_ back up the guarantee.
y This is a straight-forward business proposition that yon
' cannot overlook if you have a lame horse. Not only for the
sake of the horse— but for your pocket-book as well, you
should read every word of this advertisement and then
coupon without the loss of an hour.
ffer to tell you how to cure any horse of lameness — absolutely
reo. Wo offer you without one cent of charge, the advice of one
of America's leading specialists on the lameness of horses.
Many an owner does not know how to go about getting rid of
the lameness. Don't let your horse suffer — don't sell him
for a few dollars — ask us to tell you how to remove the
lameness safely, surely and quickly. 8ee Illustration
of homo below and read paragraph, “Free Diagnosis.” Under $1000 Rond We Guarantee Mark’s Remedy to quickly and porma-
ncntly relieve the worst case of Bone or Bog Spavin, Ringbone, Thoroughpin, Curb, Capped Hock, Shoe Boil, Sprung Knee, Lac¬
erated and Ruptured Tendons, Sweeny and all other forms of lameness affecting a horse. It s a powerful remedy that goes right to
the bottom of the trouble and quickly restores natural condition in the bones, muscles and tendons cures the lameness ^n^just a
few days to stay cured and the animal may bo worked as usual.
Contains nothing that can injure the horse and heals without
leaving scar, blemish or loss of hair. We positively guarantee
every bottle of Mack'9 $1, 000 Spavin Remedy; if it fails, you get
back every cent you paid for it as stated in our $1,000 War¬
ranty Bond.
FREE DIAGNOSIS COUPON
Relieves Cases Formerly Con -
sidered Incurable
No matter how long your horse has been lame, or what the
nature of his lameness, you can absolutely roly upon 3Iack’s
$1,000 Spavin Remedy. We know of many cases where
owners have paid out big fees and had valuable animals tor¬
tured with “firing", “blistering" and other good-for-nothing
methods and as a last resort tried Mack’s $1,000 Spavin
Remedy, and were amazed at the painless, positive, quick
and permanent cure. It does not leave any scar, blemish or
loss of hair — absolutely no mark to show that the animal ha9
ever been lame. Safe to use on any horse, young or old. It's
the surest remedy money can buy, and it's the only spavin
remedy in the world that is absolutely guaranteed by a
$1,000 Warranty Bond
Write for a sample of this bond and other valuable infor¬
mation about lame horses. Mailed free upon request.
Your Druggist Will Obtain Mack's
$1,000 Spavin Remedy For You
If you ask'Tiim. Prico $5.00 per bottle. If ho refuses, remit $5
to us and we will seo that your order is filled without delay.
No matter where, when or from whom you buy Mack’s
$1,000 Spavin Remedy tho price is the same. Every
bottle is absolutely guaranteed, and 19 accompanied by our
$1000 Warranty Bond, which insures you that your money will
bo refunded if the remedy fails to do all wo claim for it, a9
6tated in our guaranty.
McKALLOR DRUG COMPANY,
Binghamton, Mm Y,
Wo will toll you Jnst what tho lameness is, and howto
relievo it quickly . Absolutely no charge* Write today.
Free Rook “Horse Sense”
Send us tho Free Diagnosis Coupon, get absolutely
free a copy of our book “Horse Sense/ Describes and
illustrates disease of horses' limbs, shows correct name
for every part of horso and- tolls valuablo facto evory
horso owner ought to know,
AND UP-
WARD
AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
SENT ON TRIAL, FULLY
GUARANTEED. A new, well
made, easy running separator for
$15.95. Skims hot or cold milk:
heavy or light cream. Different
from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity ma¬
chines. The bowl is a sanitary
marvel, easily cleaned. Whether
dairy islarge or small, obtain our
handsome free catalog. Address
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.
Box 1075
BAINBRIDGE.N.Y.
Death the Stomach
Worms Guaranteed
We will send yon 100 lbs. of DR.
HOLLAND’S MEDICATED STOCK
BALT on 60 days’ trial freight
prepaid. If you derive no benefit,
It costs vou nothing; if you do, It
costs yoh $5.00. Give us your or¬
der at once.
The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio.
A
flfU*-
M«l IN
HIWB
IIIIW
III :«>!■
III. — W
1111 -mW
in
'll «!i
Steel Wheels-
That’s So! Hired hands are
getting scarcer every day;
but LOW DOWN STEED
WHEELS will help to take
their place. Then, too, the
•'sun don’t affect a steel wheel
llike it does the best of hired
help. More brain and less
muscle nowadays. Cata¬
logue free to you.
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.
Box 17, Havana, Ill.
$20 to $50 WEEKLY:
selling the Automatic Combination Tool
in your home county. A Fence Builder’s Tool, I
Post Puller. Lifting Jack, Vise, Wrench, etc.
Used by Farmers, Teamsters. In Factories,!
Mills, Alines, etc, Weight 24 Iba. Capacity
3 tons. No experience necessary, Free Instruc¬
tion. Write today for special offer to live agents
Send no money. NameCounty where you live.
AUTOMATIC JACK CO.
33 Main St., Bloomfield, Ind.
OUR GUARANTY
We guarantee that the
PAPEC will cut and elevate
more silage than any other
cutter, same power being
used, and that it will elevate
(silage 50 feet with less power
jtlian any other cutter.
PAPFf PNEUMATIC
* ensilage cutter
Always ready for business; easy to set
up and operate: never clogs. Durably
built — no wood to twist and warp. Write
for new book, “How to Prepare Ensilage’’
—it’s FREE. Agents wanted In several
localities, attractive proposition.
25 Distributing Points in U. S.
PAPEC MACHINE CO.
Box 70 Shortsville, N. Y.
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
INTERNATIONAL
SILOS
strongest built.simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take uphoop—
continuous open-door front — air-tight door and per¬
manent ladder are some "''♦he unusual features. Th«
International Blln Cn_ 113 Main St.. Uneerllln. Bb
SILO
You can shovo ensilage out ofthe unobstructed,
continuous door front of a Unad ilia Silo 15 cents
a ton cheaper tnan yon can pitch it up 3 to 6 ft.
over cross-bars on an ordinary silo,
TJn&dllla Silo doors shove up— most others
push in, making it necessary to feed to the
bottom of these doors before they can be opened.
Non-breakable lugs, cold rolled over threads on
•end of steel hoops — stronger than ordinary
cut thread hoops. Write for 25 Reasons Why.
Extra discount for early orders, Agents wanted.
UN ADILLA SILO CO., Box B, Uiiadilln, N. Y.
SILOS
The inventors of the Modern
Continuous-Opening Silo offer
to the public the largest and
most complete line of Silos on
the market. Our experience,
which antedates that of any
other firm manufacturingthese
goods, has enabled us to produce
the highest quality at
the most reasonable
prices. Send for our
catalog on Silos and Silo Fillers,
“the kind Uncle Sam uses,” and
tell us the size of Silo wanted.
HARDER MFC. COMPANY
BOX || COBLESKILL, N. Y. '
Tho only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stave.
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes winter feed equal to Juno
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
will save you money. Agents wanted.
The IS. W. Ross Co.(Est,1850)
Box 13 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO
GREEN MOUNTAIN
SILOS
Three bearings all around
each door like a safe or re¬
frigerator door. Hoops are
stronger than others. Staves,
doors and fronts soaked in
preservative if you wish.
Green Mountain Silos differ
from other round silos.
Free catalogue gives details.
Post card will bring it.
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.,
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
631
MIL HL
The New York Exchange price is $1.51
per 40-quart can, netting three cents per
quart to shippers in the 26-cent freight zone
who have no additional station charges.
The cut shows the Newburgh milk pail
mentioned in Bulletin 326 of the Geneva,
N. Y.t Experiment Station. This pail holds
12 quarts, is 10% inches high, and has a
NEWBURGH MILK PAIL.
6% -inch circular opening. In the test with
common open pail it was found that the
Newburgh pail lowered the bacterial con¬
tent of the milk 70.1 per cent.
At Still River, Conn., milk is brought to
the railway station in 40-quart cans, sold
in Bridgeport, New Haven and New York
City at from 2% to three cents per quart.
Farmers sell to retail customers for five
cents per quart. At New Milford, three
miles above here, there is a creamery owned
by the Mutual Milk Co., who have railroad
creameries along the railroad, and ship
cream and milk to the cities by milk train.
There are several retail milk dealers who
sell at six to nine cents per quart, also two
local creameries making butter and cheese.
The poultry industry is divided among the
farmers, who trade eggs for produce at the
stores and peddling grocery wagon. At
Center Harbor, N. H., the farmers do not
sell much milk, but make butter and “trade
it out.” Summer boarders are the chief
crop up here. Some milk is sold in Sum¬
mer at eight cents per quart There is
quite a demand for poultry products, and
there are a few large poultry farms.
Center Harbor, N. II. g. m. s.
IMPORTED CREAM AND BUTTER.
If President Taft and Congress want an
object lesson of what the proposed reciproc¬
ity treaty with Canada will do for the
farmers of the nation, they have it right
at hand in the present condition of the but¬
ter market. It is perhaps fortunate that
this object lesson is at hand just now, even
at a fearful cost to the dairy interests,
since an object lesson will cause a truth to
“soak in" when other means often fall. The
tariff on butter is six cents per pound. When
the Payne-Aldrich tariff was enacted in
1909 the duty on cream was lowered to five
cents per gallon, regardless of how rich in
butter fat it is, and regardless of the fact
that the rate on milk is two cents per gal¬
lon. Just what influence is responsible for
such a ridiculous rate I have never heard
satisfactorily explained. We are concerned
just now with its practical effect.
Separator cream can easily be produced
that will make three to four pounds of but-
t'r to the gallon. Why should Canadian
farmers pay a tariff of 24 cents on four
pounds of butter, when it can cross the line
before it is churned for five cents? They
soon “caught on” and it is now stated oil
good authority that enough cream from Can¬
ada was churned on this side of the line in
1910 to make about 7,500,000 pounds of
butter. It is this 7,500,000 pounds of but¬
ter that is responsible for the present de¬
moralized condition of our butter market,
with its reflex effect on the milk market and
other industries. With unrestricted compe¬
tition, an import duty on butter or any
other article does not cut any figure so long
as we produce at home more than enough
of that article to supply our home demand,
with a surplus for exportation. The price
which the surplus will bring practically
fixes the price of the whole product. What
would you think of the effect of a ruling
of the operators of a toll road or bridge in
this country that all camel-drawn vehicles
must pay double the toll of the horse-drawn
vehicle? There is “nothing doing” in that
line, hence it is inoperative. We had just
got to the point where the protective tariff
on butter was really helping the farmers of
the United States. Consumption had over¬
taken production, and our tariff wall was
a real protection to us. We were beginning
to feel some of the benefits which other
protected interests have enjoyed so long at
our expense. In the year beginning Jan¬
uary 1, 1906, we had a surplus of 24,468,-
023 pounds of butter for export. For 1907
it had fallen to 3,857,288 pounds, and in
1908 it was 8,918,091 pounds. I have not
the official figures of the Department at
hand for 1909 and 1910, but according to
the Elgin dairy report only 34,450 packages
were reported between May 1 and February
14, 1910, while for the same period ending
February 14, 1911, there was absolutely
“nothing doing.” Only for the presence of
that 7,500,000 pounds of butter made from
Canadian cream in this country, our butter
market would be bare to-day. and there
would be prosperity where now there is
gloom and despondency. Our butter market
is overstocked, and prices must be forced
down to the world level or lower in order
to move that surplus. Exports to Europe
last week were again 1,016 packages, and
to other countries 1,040 packages. The New
York price on March 30 is 22 cents for
creamery specials. A year ago it was 33
cents. What a fearful price we are paying
for that reduction in duty on cream to five
cents per gallon? What have President
Taft and Secretary Wilson to say to this ob¬
ject lesson in arithmetic? Do they want to
see the experiment tried on other farm
products, removing even the five cents per
gallon on cream? o. w. mapes.
R. N.-Y. — We understand that tliq change
in the tariff was the result of a clerical
error. It was intended to put a duty of
five cents a pound on cream. By mistake
it was printed gallon. The facts are that
in the eight months ending February,
1.921,939 gallons of cream valued at $1,543,-
759 were imported from' Canada.
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE
In the Elgin, ill., dairy district butter
averaged 29.8 cents for 1910. This is the
highest recorded average for the Elgin
market.
One sign of Spring in New York is the
arrival of the soap peddler who gives street
demonstrations of the workings of his
wares. Bareheaded, with neckband of shirt
unbuttoned, he lathers head and face to
show the soap's shampooing and- shaving
qualities. It is certainly a success for
making “suds,” great chunks of which cling
to him. This demonstration is acconw
panied by a line of talk that might well
be envied by a stand-pat orator on dis¬
covering that his pet high tariff schedule
is in danger. Then the peddler rubs off
enough of the suds so that he can see to
count money, reaps the harvest of coin
that his oratory and lather have produced
and moves on to the next block.
Potatoes. — The boom in prices did not
last long. During all of the present week
the New York market for old potatoes
has been very dull, with prices nearly
as low as before the recent advance. New
potatoes from Bermuda have been in this
market for several months, though too high
priced for general use, as they have whole¬
saled from $5 to $7 per barrel. Now
the Florida crop is arriving quite freely,
selling at prices within reach of large
numbers of consumers who prefer them
to the old stock. Some consumers, how¬
ever, after using two or three messes of
these new and often immature potatoes
go back to the old ones for a time.
^ About the most calm individual seen in
New York is the man driving a truck
loaded with structural iron. lie may have
two horses or as many as six or eight, de¬
pending on weight of load, and his truck
may be “reached out” 40 feet or more
if necessary to accommodate the length
of the iron beams hauled. Other men may
worry about being run down by autos,
trolley cars, express wagons or other
juggernauts of the city street, but he has
no fears of such happening. He keeps
his face aimed straight ahead and drives
on calmly, while the traffic that runs over
pedestrians and small fry vehicles keeps
at a respectful distance from those slowly
moving six-foot wheels with their ten-ton
load.
Fur Notes. — Five auction sales of furs
are held annually in London, viz. : Janu¬
ary, March, June, October and December,
the prices prevailing at these sales govern¬
ing the markets of the whole world. Of
these auctions that of March is considered
most important. The 1910 season was very
unfavorable for fur men. It started with
high prices at the March sales, but dropped
steadily, so that great losses and sumo
business failures resulted. As a result of
the 1911 March sales the outlook is some¬
what improved. The offerings of most furs
were larger than a year ago. Some of the
important items follow: 1,239,510 opossum,
which continues in good demand; 301,475
wallaby, supply excessive and prices low ;
red fox, 11,750, demand good; beaver, 7,-
210, higher; raccoon, 148,057, sold well
at improved prices; skunk, 685,131, nearly
twice last year’s offerings, sales mainlv for
German and French trade. On the whole
the fur market is- considered on a much
more stable basis than last year. Prices
are about the same as two or three years
ago, before the early 1910 boom.
Several exhibits of short baskets and
other measures seized by the New York
City inspectors of weights and measures
have recently been piled on the walk beside
the City Hall. The last lot, about 1.200.
wrere taken from farm produce wagons
in the public market at 14th street. They
were the common side-handled vegetable
baskets holding about three pecks. We
make no excuses for men who try to cheat
their customers by short measure or stuffed
packages, but we know that large num¬
bers of the truck farmers who use these
baskets do not call them bushels ; the man
who buys them knows that they are not
bushels, and thus is not cheated. Those
who have handled potatoes or other roots
know that a full bushel is rather heavy
to lift into a high wagon. The writer
has "backed” a good many 200- pound sacks
of feed and lifted barrels of flour into
a wagon, but knows very well that for
steady business it does not pay, and, as a
matter of labor economy, three-peck baskets
are better than bushels for building a high
load. A three-peck basket may be used
for dishonest purposes, but is not neces¬
sarily a dishonest package. The case is
entirely different with scales or wooden
measures, such as half bushels, pecks and
quarts. The names of those are standard.
The customer has a right to get 16 ounces
in an avoirdupois pound, and 2,150.42 cubic
inches in the Winchester bushel. But the
terms basket and bag convey no such
definite idea, and there is some doubt as
to the constitutional right to forbid a
man’s using a basket of any size for
potatoes and turnips, so long as he does
not call it any standard measure. It would
be about as reasonable to confiscate a big
dictionary because its owner may get from
it combinations of words expressing senti¬
ments detrimental to the public good. But
many makers of municipal law, as well as
inspectors, appears to have a great faculty
for straining out the gnats, while the pub¬
lic which they arc supposed to serve has to
swallow whole menageries of camels.
w. w. H.
The Best and Sea Green or
Cheapest Roofing Purple Slate
35 Years’ Roof Service— Without Costing One
Cent for Repairs— and Never a Leak
The following letters — all written from the town of Wilmot, Ohio, prove the
economy of using slate for roofs.
Any Building, New or Old—
is Strong Enough for Slate
Thirty-four years ago this summer I roofed
my house with American Sea Green Slate. It
has never leaked since and I never paid out
anything for repairs. There is nothing equal to
such a roof for durability and service.
—URIAH MEESE.
Twenty years ago the building occupied by
the Farmers’ Bank was covered witli American
Sea Green Slate. It has given very satisfactory
service, has never leaked, and has never needed
any repairing. I can heartily recommend
American Sea Green Slate for roofing.
—JOHN LONGKNECKER, Cashier.
This is to certify that the undersigned had
personal knowledge of placing an American
Sea Green Slate roof upon a building of his
grandfather. Gabriel Putnam, in the year 1877,
and also one upon the dwelling of his father in
the same year. Said roofs are to-day intact,
just as they were laid, never having cost one
cent for repairs.— W. O. PUTNAM.
In the year 1876 I placed upon my house an
American Sea Green Slate Roof and the roof is
just the same as when I put it on, has never
leaked a drop, and has never cost one cent for
repairs. — A. HUKRAW.
Protect Yourself
Against Fire
The cheapest insurance is
a roof of slate — a roof that
is absolute proof against
sparks from adjacent fires.
With such a roof upon your
house, bam or outbuildings,
you are secure from
this danger — you pay •»
lower insurance.
If You Want
Pure Cistern Water
you must see to it that your roof is
of Slate — which is impervious to
climatic changes — does not absorb
the poisonous gases of the atmos¬
phere, cannot retain dust, dirt or
any substance that makes water
collected off the roof unfit for
household or personal use. This
cannot be said of any other
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Roofing Slate is Solid Rock
It Can’t Wear Out, Warp, Rust or Decay
Sea Green or Purple Roofing Slate is Nature’s own product — not man made.
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On account of being solid rock, it absolutely can not bum, warp, wear, rust, decay,
and of course, does not require painting, recoating or repairing like all artificial roofings.
A few owners have the mistaken idea that build¬
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This is a mistake. Any building strong enough to hold
a water soaked, snow and ice covered shingle roof — is
sufficiently strong to carry slate ; as the snow and ice
slips off slate like water from a duck's back.
There is absolutely no reason why your present
buildings can not be re-roofed with slate, nor will any
new ones require special strength to carry the load.
SBate Roofs are Cheap
The first cost of a Sea Green or Purple Slate roof is
only a trifle more than these short lived roofings, but one slate
roof win outlast 10 galvanized roofs, 10 shingle roofs, 50 paper
or “oids” roofs, besides never requiring paint, repairs, recoat¬
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cheapest roofs that money will buy because they’re the best.
Let Us Give You the Approximate Cost
of Stating Your Roofs
First Cost is the Only Cost
Bear in mind that the rock out of which Sea Green or Purple Roofing
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Asking for this information
won’t obligate you to buy.
Send for* Free Booklet “ROOFS*9* Simply Sign and Mai! the Coupon
This 16-page booklet not only tells you how you can have a roof of slate — that cannot crack, warp, blister or leak ; that ia
spark proof, water tight ; that cannot decay, rust, retain snow or impurities that contaminate cistern water, that is unaffected by
climatic changes and is as enduring as solid rock: but it tells you everything about other kinds of roofs that you ought to know.
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American Sea Green Slate Com,
‘R°weaiaout”er HO Clark St., Granville, N. Y.
Sign and Mall This Coupon To-Day*1
American Sea Green Slate Co.,
HO Clark St., Granville, N. Y.
Please send the Booklet “Roofs” to this address:
Name . . . .
Address . .
Toum . State . .
Approximate size . . .
My nearest roofers name and address is as follows :
632
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 22,
The Henyard.
RHEUMATIC AND YAWNING HEN.
Will some one tell me the trouble with
a hen that yawns all the time, and sug¬
gest a cure? What can be done with hen
that has rheumatism? I have a valuable
hen with both the above named troubles.
Gasport, N. Y. j. c. H.
Canker in the throat or windpipe may
be the cause of the “yawning” 0f the
fowl as described by J. C. H., or it may
be something else. By looking down the
hen’s throat the canker can be easily
seen — if it is that. Dip the point of a
feather in a solution of one part chloro¬
form, two parts camphorated oil, and
swab the canker spots with it, then burn
the feather. This is a good liniment for
cuts, bruises, etc., on man or beast, and
if the hen which is mentioned as having
“rheumatism” really has it, instead of
leg weakness, which may be determined
by the leg joint being swollen and hot
if it is rheumatism, then the above lini¬
ment is also excellent to use to allay
the rheumatism. One of the best in¬
formed poultrymen I know of told me
that what is often thought to be rheu¬
matism in fowls is really spinal trouble
and incurable, and the best use for such
a bird is to put it in the pot.
GEO. A. COSGROVE.
CLOVER HAY AT $30 PER TON.
Iu these days of ready-mixed and much
advertised poultry feeds, we are liable to
pass by many home-grown foods and by¬
products. This was recently called to my
attention by a question from a reader in
one of our leading farm journals, who wrote
to inquire where he could buy cut clover,
stating tbat his hens liked it much better
HENS AT CLOVER CHAFF. Fig. 181.
than ground Alfalfa, which he had been
forced to buy for the last two or three
years, not being able to find the cut clover
for sale. This question contains much food
for thought. We hear and read so much
about Alfalfa, are we neglecting and min¬
imizing the value of our reliable clover?
Do we properly appreciate its worth?
In a recent bulletin by the New Hamp¬
shire Station, Alfalfa meal is reported as
containing 14 per cent, protein by their
analysis, while good dry clover hay is re¬
ported as containing 12 per cent, protein in
the same bulletin. Alfalfa meal has been
retailing in this State at $1.78 and $2 a
hundred weight, or $35 to $40 per ton.
Clover hay in comparison is worth $30 to
$34 a ton. Think of selling clover hay for
that price. I wonder how many farmers
have been selling their clover hay at one-
fourth or one-half of that price and enrich¬
ing some one else by buying Alfalfa for
their hens. You say you have no clover
cutter. What of that? You don’t want
one. If you are feeding clover hay to stock,
quantities of the leaves and heads contain¬
ing considerable seed perhaps will be scat¬
tered out on the feeding floor. This is the
most valuable part of the hay, much better
than cut clover, and I will venture to say
even better than Alfalfa meal. Carefully
scrape up and save all this clover chaff. It
may be fed in several ways. I feed it dry
In a large box so constructed that the hens
can reach their heads in but cannot scratch
it out. A strawberry crate would do well
with boards nailed around the bottom. It
can be scalded and then fed. or it can bo
mixed with ground grains and be fed as a
wet mash. If you do not get enough chaff
from the feeding floor, do as I have done
this Winter; spread the clover hay on the
barn floor and take a flail and thrash it out
like grain, and then rake off the coar.ser
parts for the cattle. If you have never fed
this to hens, you will be surprised to see
how they will eat it. Mine will often leave
corn for the clover when both are carried
to them.
One hundred hens, when confined, will
consume nearly if not quite a bushel of
clover chaff a' day, and, being so rich in
protein, it is an invaluable aid in the pro¬
duction of eggs. It also effects a consider¬
able saving in the amount of grain a flock
of hens will eat and is to that extent the
cheapest food available. If you don’t have
the chaff prepared, carry them out a fork
full of the hay and let them eat it as mine
are doing in the picture.
New Hampshire. Alfred c. durgin.
POOR LAYING HENS.
I have three pullets and four hens culled
from a purebred flock of Buff Wyandottes.
I feed whole wheat, buckwheat and corn
(1-1-2), feed a good formula of dry mash
in hopper, grit iu hopper, and try to feed
hot wet mash in morning with table scraps
and parings of vegetables. They eat so
little, except the dry grains, that it seems
no use to try, as the waste is great. Flock
has been lifeless and dull color, now get¬
ting brighter and combs reddening. How
can I get them to eat more green stuff, or
will they do well on what they get?
H. J. D.
The fact that you have three pullets,
and four liens, culls from a flock of
pure Buff Wyandottes, is sufficient rea¬
son why you should ‘not expect many
eggs. This variety of fowls has been
bred for color and type (not the laying
type), allowing their laying characteris¬
tics to take care of themselves, until
they are almost purely a fancier’s fowl.
There are, however, exceptions to this
rule where some strains have been se¬
lected and bred for egg production in¬
stead of fancy, but you have evidently
invested in the former class. You feed
too much fattening food, like buckwheat
and corn, without compelling the birds
to exercise properly. These two causes
combine to produce the overfat, non-lay¬
ing condition the birds are in at the
present time. The remedy suggests it¬
self. You must keep the birds hungry
and exercise them. C. s. G.
EGGS KEPT IN WATER GLASS.
Wil you give recipe for preserving eggs in
water-glass? h. h. s.
West Virginia.
You must first secure absolutely fresh
eggs. It will not do to take stale eggs, be¬
cause this treatment cannot improve their
quality. Get absolutely fresh eggs and wipe
them clean ; take a wooden tub or a stone
crock, measure nine parts of water by
weight • and one part of the water-glass,
pour the water-glass into the water and stir
until fully dissolved, then drop the eggs in
gently, being careful not to crack the shells.
A good way to do is to put them into a
wire dipper or scoop, lower them to the
bottom and gently roll them out. Put on a
cover and be sure that all the eggs are cov¬
ered by the solution. That is all there is
to it, fresh, clean eggs in a wooden or stone
vessel fully covered by the solution. They
will keep six months or more in good condi¬
tion with this treatment, but do not expect
the glass to improve the quality of the
eggs.
Clipping Hens’ Wings. — Clipping the
flight feathers of hens that fly over the
fences is often recommended as an easy
way to keep the offenders within bounds,
but the method is not advisable during the
hatching season. The wings form an im¬
portant part — one might say an indispen¬
sable part — in holding the warmth of the
hen’s body about the eggs, and in excluding
drafts of cold air, while hatching is going
on, and. after the chicks come out of the
shells, the hen needs full-feathered wings
for sheltering her brood, if she has had a
full hatch. It sometimes pays better to
put up higher fences than to clip the hens’
Wings. WM. It. FISHER.
Our hens paid us one year $1.22 net
profit. Last year they did not do quite as
well, as feed was higher. They paid us 98
cents clear profit. The Virginia Experi¬
ment Station, after careful research, found
that $1 per hen was a very good average
profit, and so we feel very well satisfied
with this. Besides, we have had plenty of
eggs and poultry meat for the table that
was not figured in. Everything fed off the
farm is counted in at the market price,
just as though it was bought at the feed
store. The work was not counted in, for
we figured that the products used would
fairly balance that. I once heard a man
in talking on poultry at a public meeting
state that his hens paid him $14 and some
odd cents per year per hen. After he was
closely questioned he finally had to state
that he sold the hens at the close of the
year for $10 each, and so that shows some¬
times how figures accumulate. In my case
I still have the hens. c. c. m’curdy.
Crawford Co., Pa.
Weasels and Wire Mesh. — Most of us
rely upon one-inch mesh poultry wire to
protect the young growing chickens, in
coops and colony houses, from the enemies
that prowl about at night to prey upon
them ; but it won’t keep out weasels.
Poultr.vkeepers who live in parts of the
country where weasels abound should guard
their birds by using half-inch mesh wire.
One night I suffered the loss of 23 half-
grown chickens through the visitation of a
weasel that had no difficulty in entering
the house through the one-inch mesh wire.
He killed them all in the same manner,
biting each one in the back of the neck
just below the head, and, strange to say,
after gorging himself by sucking the blood
of all these victims, he was able to squeeze
himself again through the wire mesh and
to get away in safety. The weasel is a
butcher. When he gets into a flock of
chickens he kills right and left until he is
satiated with blood, and seldom leaves a
single survivor. Yet he has a good side as
well as a bad one. He much prefers rats
and mice to chickens, when he can find
them, and he does more good than harm to
the farmer by helping to keep down the
grain-eating rodents. But the poultrykeeper
can see no good . in this little snake-like
animal, whom he dreads as his most dan¬
gerous and bloodthirsty enemy.
WM. R. FISHER.
jSSTISE MACHINES
You Know
LIU) v W
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g- -
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The Waterloo Boy
than you ever expected. You can always depend on it. You
know what it will do. It is so simple your 10 year old boy
can be engineer with perfect success.
The old reliable fly-ball governor keeps the speed steady. It has a patented
mixer and new positive igniter. Automatic fuel regulation makes it economical.
The speed lever will vary the speed from 50 to 75 revolutions while running.
Starts easy in winter, always ready without fuss or bucking, open jacket, frost
proof. Nearly all parts interchangeable.
Farmers arc “boosting” Waterloo Boys more than any other engine. Doe*
that prove anything?
T
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leads the world in efficiency— it skims out 99—99-100% of the
cream . It is. a standard tested machine and one of the first to com¬
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clean. Construction simple, few working parts, very durable.
You will buy these machines when you know them and will like them better
every day you use them. They will prove your most dependable friends on
the farm. Test them at our risk. We send them on 30 DAYS FREE
Trial because we want you to know them before you buy
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Our record protects you— 18 years of making
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ight down to the slightest detail.
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Buttercup Cream Separator
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'L
Waterloo Gasoline
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0k
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
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v^ffree. Grand Rapids Veterinary
College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
BARGAINS
Cars of all makes bought and sold.
’Hints to Buyers and Sellers’’mailed Free.
20th CENTURY AUTOMOBILE CO.
246 West 49th, near Broadway, New York
AGENTS 1004 PROFIT
New Patented TUG or TRACE HOLDER. Just the thing
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Fences cost almost nothing compared
with results obtained
A farm of 160 acres fenced into five fields, as shown in the diagram, takes 1,040
rods of fence. At fairly reasonable prices the year’s yield from this farm is:
Wheat . $600.00
Oats . 157.50
Hogs . 400.00
Cattle . 1000.00
Market value of year’s crop . $2157.50
Cost of complete fence . $350
Or, in ten years, value of yield $21,575 —
and the fence still good
What did the fence do? Besides enclosing the fields it facilitated crop
rotations and the feeding of stock. Without the fence the same profit could not
have been realized from the stock.
Fences cost almost nothing compared with results obtained.
American fence is made better than ever. It is a thoroughly galvanized square mesh
fence of weight, strength and durability. Large wires are used and the whole fabric is
woven together with the American hinged joint (patented) — the most substantial and
flexible union possible. Botli wires are positively locked and firmly held against side slip
and ye.t are free to act like a hinge in yielding to pressure, returning quickly to place
without bending or injuring the metal.
Flcialovc FvowTAyli Stocks of American Fence are carried in every place where
L/cdierb LiVCiy Wllcrc farm supplies are sold. The Fence is shipped to these points
in carload lots, thereby securing the cheapest transportation, and the saving in freight thus made
enables it to be sold at the lowest prices. Look for the American Fence dealer and get the
substantial advantages he is enabled to offer. He is there to serve the purchaser in person, offer
the variety of selection and save the buyer money in many ways.
FRANK BAACKES, Vice President and General Sales Agent
American Steel & Wire Company
Chicago New York Denver San Francisco
Send for copy of “American Fence News ,” profusely illustrated , devoted to the interests of fanners and show
frg how fence may be employed to enhance the earning power of a farm. Furnished free upon application
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
633
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending April 14, 1911.
BUTTER
Prices are one-balf cent lower than last
week, and market generally firmer on all
grades.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 20 !S .21
Good to Choice . IS @ .19
Lower Grades . 15 @ .17
Storage . 15 @ .19
State Dairy, best . 19 © .20
Common to Good . 14 @ .17
Factory . 14 @ .15
Packing Stock . II @ .14
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 21 cents.
Boston, western creamery. 22 cents.
Philadelphia, western creamery, 22 cents.
CHEESE
Receipts continue large, but trade is very
good, considerable export business being
noted.
Full Cream, best. Fall made . 14 @ .15
Common to Good . 12 @ .15
New Made . 09 ® .10)4
Skims. . 06 @ .10
Lettuce. ?4-bbl. bkt . "5 @ 2 25
Peppers. Southern, bu . 1.00 ® 2.25
Fennel, Southern, bbl . 2.00 @ 3.00
Horseradish. 100 lbs . 5.00 © 8.00
Lima Beans, Fi t. but . 2.00 © 4.00
Okra. Fla. Carrier . 2.00 @ 3.00
Onions, old. yellow, bag . 2.75 © 4.00
Texas, crate . 2.00 © 2.25
White pickle, bu . 1.25 @ 2.25
Peas. Fla., bu . 1.00 © 3.00
Radishes, S'n H bbl. bkt . 25 @ .75
Rhubarb, 100 bunches. . 31)0 © 6.00
Komaine. Southern, )4 bbl . 75 @ 1.25
Salsify, 100 bunches . 5.00 @ 7.00
String Beans, bu . 1.00 @ 4.00
Spinach, bbl . LUO © 1.37
Squash, bbl . 1.75 ® 2.60
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75 @1.25
White. bbL . 1.00 ©1.50
Leeks. Southern, 100 bunches . 3.00 © 6.00
Egg Plants. Fla., box . 2.00 © 2.25
Parsnips, bbl . 1.00 @ 1.25
Parsley bbl . 2.00 © 2.50
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 75 © 1.50
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Cucumber market weak. Radishes and
rhubarb scarce. Tomato demand very poor.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 75 © .90
Common to good . 50 @ .60
Musurooms. lb . 20 © .45
Radishes, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3 (10
Rhubarb, doz bunches . 25 © .65
Tomatoes, lb . 05 ® .10
EGGS
Arrivals are very heavy, but large quan¬
tities are going directly into storage, so
that the offerings of fresh stock for sale
are not excessive.
White, good to choice . 18 @ .21
Mixed Colors, best . 17 @ .is
Common to Good . 15 @ .17
Western, best . 17 @ .18
Under grades . 12 @ .15
Duck eggs, dozen . 30 © .35
Goose eggs, dozen . 60 @ .70
BEANS
Market is slightly weaker on marrow and
medium, a decline of five cents per 100
being noted.
Marrow, 100 lbs..
Medium .
Pea .
Yellow Eye .
Red Kidney .
WhiteKidney . . . .
Lima, California
3.10 © 3.8U
3.00 ® 3.60
3.00 @ 8.65
3.50 © 3.65
5.20 © 5.75
5.00 © 5.10
6.60 @ 6.70
HOPS
On the Pacific Coast the demand
port trade is good, though few are
to sell at present prices.
Prime to Choice . 28
Common to Good . 25
Pacific Coast . 21
German Crop, 1910 . .50
for ex-
willing
@ .29
@ .27
® .22
@ .53
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 © .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
Prices given are largely nominal in the
absence of sales.
Apples, evap. prime . 12 © 13
Evap., com. to good . U6 @ .11
Suit Dried . 06 @ .07)4
Chops . 07 © .08
Cores and Skins . 07M® 07)4
Raspberries . 28 .30
Cherries . 15 © .18
FRESH FRUITS
Apple market firm on sound fruit. Some
cellar stored receipts opening very poor,
the fruit being slack packed and rotten or
shriveled. Strawberries are not too plen¬
tiful, but running sandy and soft, showing
the effect of rain.
Apples. Russet, bbl. . 3.00
Winesap . 4.00
Greening . 4.00
Baldwin . 4.0U
Ben Davis . 3.50
Spy . 4.00
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.65
Spitz, box . I.75
Rome, box . 2.00
Black Ben, box . 1 75
Gano. box . 2.00
Cranberries —
Cape Cod. bbl . 12.00
Jersey, bbl . 11.00
Strawberries, Fla-, qt . iu
Other Southern . 20
Oranges, Fla. box . 2.75
Porto Rico . 2.50
California . 2.50
Grape Fruit, Fla. box . , 2.50
Pineapples, Havana, 18s . 2.75
Florida, 24s . 2.35
@ 5.00
© 6.60
© 71)0
© 6 .00
© 5 A0
© 6.UQ
© 2.50
@ 2.50
© 2 25
@ 2.25
© 2.25
@14.00
@12.00
@ .28
© .25
© 3.25
© 2.76
© 4.00
@ 3.50
© 3.00
@ 3.30
VEGETABLES
A violent reaction has put potato prices
nearly to their former low figure, with
market very weak. Onions arriving freely
from Texas and meeting good trade. String
beans and peas largely poor. Fancy let¬
tuce selling well. Tomatoes very low.
Potatoes— N. Y. State, 180 lbs . 1.50 @ 1.75
Maine . 1.75 © 2.00
Southern, new, No. 1, bbl . 5.00 @ 5.50
Southern, new. No. 2, bbl . 3.60 ® 4.25
Virginia, second crop, Db> . 1.50 © 1.75
Sweet, Jersey, bkt . 1.00 @ 2A0
Sweet Virginia, bbl . 2 00 © 2.50
Asparagus. Southern, Ucy doz . 3.75 © 4 50
Good to prime . 2.00 © 3.50
Calif., green, fancy . 4.00 © 4.50
Calif., green, eommon to good . 2.50 @ 3.50
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 2.50 © 3 00
Carrots, bbl . 1.50 © 2.00
Southern, new, 100 bunches . 2.00 ® 3.00
Cabbage— Danish seed, ton . 10.00 ©12.00
New, Southern, bbl . 1.00 © 1.25
Chicory, bbl . 3.50 @ 5.00
Cucumbers. Fla. bu. . 1.50 @ 2.25
Esearol. )4 bbl. bkt... . 1.00 @ 2.00
Kale, Dbl . 1 00 © 1.25
Kohlrabi, Southern, 100 bunches ’. ’. 2.50 @ i!o0
LIVE POULTRY
No business at the latter end of the
week on account of the Passover Jewish
holidays. About 35 ears held over to start
next week's trade- Demand for heavy poul¬
try was good.
Chickens, Broilers, lb . 30 © .40
Fowls . 18 © .20
Roosters . 10 @ .12
Ducks . 16 @ .18
Geese . .09 © .10
Turkeys . 12 © .16
DRESSED POULTRY— Fresh Killed
Receipts of fresh fowls are not large, but
trade very slow.
Turkeys. Fancy . 19 © 20
Common to Good . 16 @ .18
Chickens, fancy broilers, lb . 35 @ .40
Broilers, common to good . 25 © .30
Fowls . 14 @ .16
Squabs, doz . 1.75 @ 4.75
DRESSED POULTRY-FROZEN
Practically nothing doing in lower grades.
Turkeys, best . .22 © .23
Chickens, milk-fed broilers . 22 © .25
Corn-fed broilers . 15 © .22
Milk-fed roasters . 17 ® .18
Corn-fed roasters . 15 © .16
Fowls . 12 © .15
Ducks, best . 15 @ .16
Common to good . 13 @ .14
Geese . 07 @ .11
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Receipts of calves large, but trade good.
Hothouse lambs fairly plenty and selling
at last week's range of prices.
Calves, good to prime . 10 ® .12
Common . 08 ® .G9
Lambs, hothouse, head . 3.00 ® 6.00
Pork, light. . . . 09 © .10
Medium to heavy . u7 © .08)4
Roasting Pigs, lb . 14 © .17
HAY AND STRAW
Choice Timothy and clover very firm ;
lower grades dull.
Hay. No. I, ton...
No. 2 .
No. 3 .
Clover Mixed...
Clover .
8traw, Rye .
Oat and Wheat,
21.00 © 22.00
18.00 @ 20.00
14 00 © 16.00
12.00 @ 18 00
. 12.00 ® 16.00
9.00 © 10.00
8.00 © 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Most of the native steers and cows offered
are low grade and bard to sell. Calves
scarce; medium and upper grades selling
well. Demand for lambs active.
Native Steers. 100 lbs . 5 60 ffl 6.60
Oxen and Stags . 4.50 @5.25
Cows . 2 40 @ 4.80
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 7.00 @ 9.00
Culls . 5.00 ® 6.00
Sheep, 100 lbs . 4.00 @ 4.50
Lambs . 5.50 © 6.60
Hogs . 6.00 @ 7.00
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.06 © ...
No. 2, Red . 96 © ...
No. 1 Macaroni . 97 @ ...
Com, as to quality, bush . 50 ® .65
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ .38
Rye . 76 @ .80
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 26.25 © 27.75
Standard Middlings . 27.00 © 28.00
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop . 21.50 © 22.70
Linseed Meal . 33.00 (3 34.00
Corn Meal . 23.U0 © 24.00
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.85
Middling Gulf . 15.10
New Orleans, Low Middling . 14.12
Good Middling . 15.05
WOOL
NewYork Fleeces. Delaine, unwashed.. 24 © .25
Ohio half blood combing . 25 © .27
Kentucky, three-eighths blood . 25 © .26)4
Michigan, half blood . 25 @ .26
TOBACCO.
Conn, broadleaf-illler . 08 © .10
Fine wrppers . 50 @ .60
N. Y. State Fillers . 05 @ .06
Fine and Selections . 12 © .16
Ohio Zimmer s Spanish . 19 @ .20
Virginia Dark Lugs . 07 <8 J09
Dark Leaf . 10 © .20
Bright Cutters . 12 © .30
Wart Cure. — I find axle grease superior
to castor oil for warts on a cow’s teats.
It is easily applied with a small varnish
brush. r. c.
Pennsylvania.
16 Silo Questions
Such as you should ask and have
answered before yon buy. A
Free Booklet that wilt be worth
dollars to you.
T '
r.. : ‘ ’■ f
“// I need another, it will surely
be a Green Mountain."
P. H. Kendrick ,
Piltsford, Vt.
Green Mountain” Silos ?
This Book Tells You
Do you intend to purchase a
Silo? Then it’s good business to
know , when you make a selec¬
tion, just WHY you are mak¬
ing that particular selection.
Don’t take chances. Here’s your opportunity to get
important Silo knowledge and study the problem out
carefully by yourself at home. Our handsome, new
GREEN
MOUNTAIN
SILO
booklet, “A Brief Catechism,” asks and answers
briefly and plainly many vital questions that every
silo user ought to know.
It tells, for instance, WHY our staves are soaked in pure
creosote oil, killing all decay germs and making silos
last many years longer than those not so treated. Jt tells
WHY over 2,000 feet of good lumber daily is turned
into useless shavings to match the staves as we want
them. It tells WHY the GREEN MOUNTAIN SILO
door is made like a safe door — a patented feature that
other silo makers would imitate if they dared. It’s a
valuable reference book on all points of silo construction.
Also gives copies of letters, such as u)e receive
every day from successful farmers, praising Green
Mountain Silos. Let us send the booklet TOD A Y.
Creamery Package Mfg. Co.,
338 West Street, - - Rutland, Vermont
Bl
JYA
El
fVVC
IRK ST
'A1
FEV
I/Ai
SON
I .U S (ID drum 1
JlRECT FROM FACTORY
ert
No. 190—Runabout
Sells at retail for $65. Easy
riding, stylish and very dur¬
able. We defy competition
with it.
$48.50
No. 290 — Buckboard
Retailers ask $70 for its
equal. Our own pattern,
strongly made, easiest rider
known, and a general favorite.
We make the best New York
State Standard Quality Wagons
and sell them direct from factory
to users at
Wholesale Prices
You save all dealer's and job¬
ber's profits — from $20 to $40 —
and obtain our binding guarantee
for one year from date of pur¬
chase.
No Money in Advance
Any wagon will be shipped to
you for free examination and
approval. No deposit or references
required.
Safe Delivery Guaranteed
'l ou take no risk whatever.
Every wagon will reach you in
perfect condition, or it can be re¬
turned to us at our expense.
Send for Catalogue
Showing 200 styles of wagons
No. 118 — Top Buggy
Fully as good as retails for$75.
Will give years of service,
nicely finished, and a bargain.
$53.50
No. 350 — Handy Wagon
Removable seats, very strong,
and one of our best selling
styles. Can’t be duplicated
anywhere for less than $70.
and 50 styles of Harness. Every approved pattern is shown at a wide range of prices.
ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO., 360 Main St., Rochester, N. Y.
DAIRY SUPPLIES
We are headquarters forMilk Bottles,
Cans. Caps, Carriers, Churns, Drain¬
ers, Pasteurizers, Separators, lee
Crushers, etc., and every utensil nsed
by handlers of milk, cream, butter,
eggs, ice cream or cheese. Best goods,
fair prices, prompt shipments. Satis¬
faction guaranteed. Send 11s today
your list of needs. No order too small.
WISHER MFG. CO , 238 A Greenwich St..N.Y.
Everything For Dairymen Always In Stock
Mfjrmo FOR SALE at Low Prices in nearly
rallllo all parts of New York State. Catalog
free to parties intending to buy.
NOUTHKRN REAL'l'Y CO., Syracuse, X. Y.
I
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them are without
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak lltt le or no English, although
many of them speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
stating what you will pay. whether the work is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. 8 I. A. S., 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
WE SELL FARMS in Oceana, best County in U. S.
Fruit, Alfalfa, Grain, Vegetables, Stock, Poul¬
try. J. D. S. HANSON & SON, Hart. Mich.
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634
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 22,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
The Auto Press Co., of New York,
about which we have received much
inquiry, is now proposing an increase of
its capital stock by $2,000,000. As long
as raw paper and ink hold out there is
no good reason why they should not
issue all the stock people will buy. Do
we recommend the purchase of the
stock? Oh, yes. At 40 cents a hundred
pounds for junk.
The names of the women labeled the
American Woman’s League is now the
“sucker list’’ of the Lewis enterprises-,
and it is being peddled around as the
only vital asset of the bankrupt outfit,
after a chattel mortgage has been is¬
sued against a few cups, its sole pos¬
session. Lewis has' given his noble, con¬
fiding, loving women one distinction :
He has made them independent emanci¬
pated members of the first exclusive
female “sucker list” on record. Is there
no shame in the would-be respectable
publishers who treat the confiding gulli¬
bility of these deluded women as a cash
asset?
Gardner’s Nursery Co.. Osage, Iowa, have
a proposition to pay 12 per cent for money
in any amount from .$10 to $500. What do
you think of it. E. J. A.
New York.
This concern is making a fake propo¬
sition for the sale of nursery stock.
They call it an advertising orchard, and
try to make you believe that you are
getting the stock cheap because of the
advertising. We have had many com¬
plaints in the past about stock sent on
these orders, and we have refused their
advertising. Our advice to you is not to
loan any money to any concern that
promises 12 per cent interest. If the
credit of a house is such that it has to
pay 12 per cent interest, the security for
the loan is not all that could be desired.
The Southern Express has paid my claim
of $12.13 for one case of eggs lost October
26 during strike period in New York. Please
accept my thanks for your efforts in my be¬
half. J. E. w.
Virginia.
This claim was for a shipment of eggs
to a commission house in New York,
which the Adams Express Company
failed to deliver. They offered the ship¬
per $5.98, which was less than half the
value of the eggs. We refused settle¬
ment on that basis. The above letter
shows the result. The express com¬
panies refuse adjustment in cases where
shipments were delayed during the
strike period and in many cases sold
them for what they could get out of
them, and the shipper is obliged to take
this amount or get nothing at all for his
goods. In this case the shipment was
lost, and we were able to insist on the
full value.
While attending a show at Watertown,
N. Y., a ticket was given to me which I
was to sign and put into a box with others
of the same kind. To-day I received a let¬
ter saying I was one of the lucky ones and
had drawn a building lot. Their agent is
to call. It will cost $6 to execute deed and
pass title. It looks like a fraud. Please
advise. a. w. h.
New York.
Of course it is a fake. Everyone is
one of the lucky ones. This scheme has
been worked over and over for years.
Land over a hundred miles out on Long
Island is usually selected. Some of it
is under water, more of it is scrub oak
land worth possibly $3 per acre, and
sometimes the companies have no title,
nothing but an option of some doubtful
value. At best the lots cost them about
30 cents, so that they can well afford to
give them away for $6. Sometimes they
get $20 or more. A number of these
promoters have been sent to prison by
the Post Office Department on such
schemes. Don’t let them work the trick
on you.
Last week William George Motley
was lyrrested at 32 Broadway, New
York, by Post Office inspectors under a
charge of alleged misuse of the mails in
the sale of stock in the Alleghany
Quartz and Channel Mining Co., of
which he is president. The company is
said to own the Gold Star mine and
the Cold Spring quartz mine in Nevada
county, California. During recent years
he has promoted several other mining
companies. It is alleged that he paid
dividends that were not earned on one
of his mining companies for the pur¬
pose of effecting sales of the stock.
Of course, Mr. Motley was indignant
at his arrest. His opinion of the In¬
spector and the Post Office officials gen¬
erally no doubt coincided with the
sentiments expressed by E. G. Lewis
and many others whose traffic has been
interrupted. Did you ever know a
rogue with high opinion of the law?
The “sucker list” was one of his big as¬
sets. It is said that this one is the most
complete of any yet discovered.
About two years ago I commenced treat¬
ment for a complication of diseases with a
doctor. J. L. Winslow, Pittsburg, Pa. He
guaranteed to cure me in five or six
months. I paid him $100 for professional
services, and he sent me medicine every
month, and cost me about $7 each ship¬
ment. He said he would cure me in five
or six months or return the full amount
of the professional fee. I used his medicine
for about 18 months. I quit using the
medicine about four months ago. I could
not see that I was any better at the end
of the treatment than when I started. The
doctor refused to return the one hundred
dollars, and when I write to him he tells
me to continue the treatment. I send you
the guarantee which he gave me when I
was at his office about two years ago.
Pennsylvania. a subscriber.
The written agreement in above case
provides that the patient was to pay
$100, and follow the directions of Dr.
Winslow. The doctor agrees to furnish
professional services until the patient is
cured, provided the patient takes the
treatment as prescribed regularly and
without any interruption to the course,
and abides by all instructions given by
Dr. Winslow or his assistants. He
agrees to return the full amount of the
fee for services in case of failure to
cure or render satisfaction. The adver¬
tisements published by Dr. Winslow
state “no cure no pay,” and “I never ac¬
cept pay for my services until I make a
cure.” You will note that the agree¬
ment is that the patient use the treat¬
ment until cured without interruption
and strictly according to instructions.
There is no limit of time, so that un¬
der the contract the patient may be
obliged to continue the treatment as
long as he lives, and as Dr. Winslow
gets about $7 a month for the medicine
the process does not seem to be an un¬
bearable burden to him. Dr. Winslow
insists that he is under no obligation to
return the money as promised, since the
patient has not lived up to the letter of
his agreement. The promise to cure in
five or six months, if made, must have
been verbal, as no limit of time is made
in the contract. To say the least, the
ethics of the medical profession would
hardly sanction the issue of such a con¬
tract to a patient. Notwithstanding the
technical terms of the agreement we be¬
lieve the courts would give the patient a
judgment for the fee, if the case went
to trial.
What can you tell us about the stock of
the Columbian Magazine as an investment 7
They claim to pay 16 per cent dividends.
They are selling quite large blocks in this
neighborhood. • D. D.
New York.
In the name of common sense why
should farmers risk their savings in
publishing ventures? This is a new
publication. .There is nothing about its
appearance to indicate that it has met
with, any special public favor, or that it
deserves anything unusual. We think it
would be an agreeable and encouraging
surprise to other publishers to ex¬
amine the earnings and expenses of the
company and discover an earning to jus¬
tify a 16 per cent dividend. Any claim
by any publisher that a stock is paying
a dividend of 16 per cent and that the
stock is actually worth double the price
at which you can buy it, should be
carefully investigated before you part
with the cash. Periodical publishing is
a precarious business at best. While the
publication is new, the best anyone can
say is that it is being tried out ; and
experience shows the total failures out¬
number the conspicuous successes many
times over. When publishers want to
speculate on their ability to run a paper
with your money and point to the few
concerns which have been successful, ask
them if they are not familiar with the
ventures that were complete failures,
and lost every cent that was put into
them by outsiders like yourself. Pub¬
lishers who go into these ventures with
their own money have our best wishes
for their success, but when they attempt
to allure country people to put their sav¬
ings into such ventures, our sympathies
are with the investor, and it becomes
our plain duty to express a word of
caution.
You are certainly on the job when you
get after the crooks and dead beats. You
are like a hard-boiled egg, hard to heat.
New York. a. j. g.
We are glad to have a little encour¬
agement of this sort. Sometimes we
feel that we are not making much
headway. The interests that are inter¬
fered with are more prompt to protest
than those indirectly benefited are to
approve. This is but natural. We ex¬
pect that it would be so, but it makes
the approval of decent people all the
more welcome when it does come. The
R. N.-Y. people are always prompt, how¬
ever, to respond to any request for co¬
operation, and that is the secret of any
results actually attained. j. j. d.
Gasoline Engines
214 and 3'A Horsepower
I>eyo Engines are always reliable. They
will run properly at any temperature
and at all times. Best material and
workmanship assure the Deyo owner
of a good engine. We can and will
prove it if you write for booklet 1-B.
DEY0-MACEY ENGINE CO., Binghamton, N. Y.
Manufacturer* of I>eyo I’ower Sprayers
!
UDMC’C ROSE COMB RHODE ISLAND T||D|fCVQ
nunc 0 REDS AND MAMMOTH BRONZE I UllfvL I 0
Eggs and baby chicks from high class matings
at reasonable prices, quality considered. Safe ar¬
rival and satisfaction guaranteed on all orders.
D. R. HONE, Crescent Hill Farm, Sharon Springs, N. Y.
WILD AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS-Chicken Eggs. Hand-
— ■ . . . some Catalog 2 ct-
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville, Pa.
POULTRY SUPPLIES
SPECIAL OFFER— White Rock Eggs. $1 $ 15; $5 100.
Partridge Cochin Eggs, $1.25 ^ 15: $6.00 ^ 100.
Partridge Wyandotte Eggs. $1.00 $ 15; $5.00 11 100.
Barred Rock Eggs. $1.25 ^ 15; $7.00 14 100.
Fresh eggs from good stock, free range and healthy.
Circular prices hold on your choice of matings.
MINCII BROS., IL-2, Bridgeton, N. J.
WHITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS— Thor¬
oughbred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
of large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 15; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu¬
bator eggs. Cherry Hill Farms, Pittstown. N. J.
LIFE PRODUCERS
SUCCESSFUL INCUBATORS
LIFE PRESERVERS
SUCCESSFUL BROODERS
The only machines that rival the mothei
hen. Sold on a Direct-to-You Fac¬
tory Price. Get our Big FREE Incubator Book and save
40%. Send postal now. Booklet, “Proper Care and Feeding
of small Chicks. Ducks and Turkeys" sent for l(»c.
DES MOINES INCUBATOR CO , 90 Second Si.. Der. Mo'nes, In,
Everything for the ponltryman at low prices; Auto
matic Feeders, Hall Mammoth and Model Incuba
tors. Feed, Remedies, Hen-e-ta, Rat Corn, Liverine
LegBands.etc. Prompt shipments. W rite forcatalog
HARRIES & BENEDICT CO.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1811
R. MacKELLAR’.S SONS CO.. Peekskill, N. Y
CfiffO — Guaranteed fertile; from range -grown
Lu uO stock that pav large piofits at the egg basket
MAPLE COVE POULTRY FARM . . R. D. 24, Athens, Pa.
Dfllll TPYMCW_Sen<l 10 cents for our One 60
lUUL I II I III L ll page Illustrated Catalogue
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa
THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties
Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1 : 40, $2. Catalogue
H. Ii. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
Sp WHITE LEGHORNS, Barred Plymouth Bocks,
■ Ua if Mammoth White Pekin Ducks. Stock
hatching eggs, chicks, ducklings. Circular. Est. 1904
Abovo Poultry Farm. Chatham, Morris Co. N. J.
Bonnie Brae White Leg¬
horns and Pekin Ducks
ARE BETTER
t h a n ever.
Eggs from our
heavy laying
strains now
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors
S. C. WHITE LEGHOKNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH HOCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
HATCHING EGGS
Half Price After May 1st.
S. C. White Leghorns.
fine Setting. 15 eggs .$1.00
Two Settings, 30 eggs.. 1.75
One hundred eggs . 4.00
One thousand eggs . 35.00
White Plymouth Rocks
& S. C. Black Orpingtons
1 Setting, 15eggs,$1.25&$2.50
100 eggs . . $7.00 & $14.00
Fertility Guaranteed. .
RICHLAND FARMS,
BABY CHICKS.
100 or less, each. ...15c
500 or more, each 12J-^c
White Plymouth
Rocks & S. C. Black
Orpingtons.
100 or less, each.... 25c
We guarantee safe
arrival of chicks in
first-class condition.
Frederick, M<1.
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios.
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, Weedsport, N. Y.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHER.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Rocks
anti Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks, $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CARL W. LLOYD, Mgr.,
Hillside. Westchester County, N. Y.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A b reeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
Si. O. W. LEGHORNS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM. Bo* Y, HAVRE DE GRACE. Maryland.
S, G, White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
yearlings and 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCKEST
POULTRY FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., X.Y.
CHICKS Bab) CHICKS
S C. WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS of Standard Quality.
We guarantee chicks to he hatched from eggs laid
by our own breeders and shipped only when day-old.
We Can Please You. We Will Please You.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator having a capa¬
city of 10,200 eggs.
Have Your Orders Booked. Circular Free.
SPRING WATER POULTRY FARM, Stockton, New Jersey.
Pill I FT^— S- C- w LEGHORNS— Booking orders
■ HLLt I O future delivery. Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds for prompt shipment. Limited
number choice breeders. Lakewood and Youngs
strains. SUNNY HILL FARM, Fiemington, N. J.
SINGLE CGMB WHITE ORPINGTONS
Kellerstrass strain. Eggs for hatching. $3.00 per
15; from prize winning stock. W. A. KAISER,
2703 Jamaica Ave., Richmond Hill, L. I.
FINE QUALITY ORPINGTONS, black and white. Owens’
and Cook’s strains. $2 and $3 pec sitting. $1U
per 100. Rev. J. D. GRAHAM Lyonsville, Mass.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Blaek Langshan Eggs for
I sale. J. GORDON DRAKE, Port Huron, Mich.
Indian Runner Ducks, S. C. White Leghorns
Eggs for Hatching. Send for Circular.
F. J. FULLER, Waterport, Orleans County, New York
WRIGHT’S WHITE WYAN00HE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
for 100. Baby Chix, $12.50 for 100; $7.00 for 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
SNOW WHITE WYANDOnE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
$5 per 100. A few good Cockerels. Circular free.
GOLDENROD FARM, Dept. R, Stewartstown, Pa.
WHITE WYANDOTTES-SrSb'rS'b",
me for 12 years. Large, fine birds, splendid layers.
Have been winning for 5 years. Eggs, high fertility,
100, $5.00. Sitting, $1.00. WILLIAM 0. BURR, Fairfield, Conn.
DUFF WYANDOTTES, heavy laying strain,
$1.25 and $2.00 per set of 15; also Single Comb
White Leghorns at $1.00 per set of 15. Also for ex¬
change. SUNNY HILL FARM, Nursery Ave. .Woonsocket, R. I.
“THREE COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES
— jy Combine more of beauty and utility than
UA Ko any breed today. Right there with the
eggs every time. Stock and Hatching Eggs. Free illus¬
trated Mating List of winners. Address
RALPH WOODWARD, Box 28, Grafton, Mass.
White Wyandottes
range. Eggs: $5.00 per 100, $1.00 for 15.
C. H. FOGG, R. F. D. No. 3, Bridgeton, N. J.
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS EGGS for 1 latch -
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm pj.f^es ^Address
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster, Pa.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. E. VAN ALSTYNE. Kinderliook, N.Y.
THE FARMER’S FOWL— Rose Comb Reds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
THE BEST S. C. REDS
. . . ARE . . .
DAVIS’ 200 EGG STRAIN
Utility . $1 per 13; $6 per 100
Special Matings . . . $2 per 13; $10 per 100
_ Prize Matings .... $5 per 13; Mammoth
Hot Water Incubator Baby Chicks .... $15 per 100
Book Orders Now Circular Free
DAVIS POULTRY HARM, Berlin. Mass.
Eggs For Hatchinrtami
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock—
utility, show or export SINCLAIii SMITH, 602
Fifth-Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
REDS EXCLUSIVELY
Eggs from Single Comb Handsome Dark Matings,
$2.00 for 13; $8.00 per 100. From Utility Heavy
Layers. $100 for 13; $4.50 per 100.
O V E R I. O O K P O U L T R Y FARM
Teh 59-4 Foxboro, Mass.
A ..otln’o S. C. R. I. REDS— Bi
AUStlll S {j0 ]ay Eggs $1.50
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, C(
Bred to lay and they
50 per 15, $6.00 per 100.
Centre Harbor, N. H.
Barred Plymouth Rock-.’K-'.T SKS
raised birds. Great laying strain, $1.25 per 16;
$4.50 per 100. CHAS. T. DOWNING, West Chester, Pa.
EGGS _ SI per 15, $2 per 40 of Thor. Brahma*. Rocks, Wyan¬
dottes, lied*, Minorcas, Houdans, Leghorns, Hamburgs; 19 var.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Coopersborg, l*a.
‘PC— BARRED ROCKS; S. C. REDS; large,
IUO vigorous layers; $1.00 for 15, $5.00 per 100,
R. ELLIS ; ; : : Pulaski, N. Y.
i EGGS si 00 — Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
I trv. Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large ll lus¬
ted descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, la.
I- Wh: Leol..rns. Mottled Anconas, S. C- .1 I. lied
S.C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Cockerel*, $1.50; old hen*, $2.00,
chicks, 8c. each. If m:>re than lour
chicUs are dead
to each 100 you
buy, when
reaching your
express office, I
will make good
the loss. Cata¬
log about chick
feeding and diseases free.
C. M. Lauver, Box 73, Richfield.Pa.
KEAN’S WHITE WYANDOTTES
Bred for large size, heavy laying and fancy pur¬
poses. Eggs, $1.00 per setting; $5.00perl00, for re¬
mainder of season. Address
E. FRANKLIN KEAN .... Stanley, N. Y.
19T1.
THE RURAt NEW-YORKER
CONTENTS
The Regal New-Yorkeb, April 22, 1011.
FARM TOPICS.
Lime in a Manure Spreader . 515, 514
Building Up Maryland Soil . i.514
Lime from Acetylene Gas Plants . 514
Was Soil or Fertilizer at Fault? . 314
A Problem in Drainage . 514
Treatment of Kaffir Corn . 51(1
Turnips and Clover . 510
Planting Potatoes by Hand . 518
Heading Off Cutworms and Other Pests. 520
Questions About Hairy Vetch . ..521
Hope Farm Notes....' . 522
Crop Notes . 525
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
An Ox Trotter . 517
Mr. Taylor's Side of Guernsey Cow
Case. Part II . 528
Ailing Cow; Rickets in Pig . 528
Indigestion . 528
That Celebrated Guernsey Case . 529
That Hen Contest . 529
Those Hen Figures . 529
Spray Mixture and Cattle . 529
A Chenango Co. Horse Deal . 550
How to Feed Sbotes . 550
Summer Silage Without Silo . 530
Mlk . 531
Tax on Mlk . 531
Imported Cream and Butter . 531
Rbeumate and Yawning Hen . 532
Clover Hay at 830 per Ton . o32
Poor Laying Hens . 532
Eggs Kept in Water Glass . 532
Clipping Hen's Wings . 532
Weasels and Wire Mesh . 532
HORTICULTURE.
How to Prune Fruit Trees . 513
Repairing Old Apple Trees . 515
Grapes or Apples — Which? . 515
Crops for a Garden . 510
Fruit Trees in Sod . 510
Some Apple Notes . 510
Use of Lime-Sulphur . 518
Fruit Prospects . 51S
New Plan of Tomato Growing . 519
Apples for Northern Ohio Markets . 519
Facts Wanted About Lime-Sulphur .... 52 1
A Talk About Grapes . 523
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 520
Freckles . 520
Mutton Timbales . ..520
Kidney and Tomatoes . 520
Grape Juice in Quantity . 527
Steamed Spice Pudding . 527
The Rural Patterns . 527
Inexpensive Floor Covering . 527
MISCELLANEOUS.
Notes on the Bermuda islands . 517
Old Friends aud New . ...520
Editorials . 524
Other People's Money . 525
Events of the Week . 525
Concrete Posts . 530
Markets . 533
Publisher's Desk. . 534
Humorous . 536
CARE OF INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS.
1 bought five high-bred Indian Runner
ducks and put them In the back yard with
eight or 10 chickens. The space they hare
to run in is 75x75 feet. The water for
them is kept in gallon jars, and one pool
four by six feet and six inches deep. The
pool is filled from the hydrant aud cleaned
and fresh water every three days. I have
a lot of sand which has been used for mak¬
ing sandpaper loose on the ground. One
side of the yard hickory wood has been
piled for several years, and some of it
allowed to rot. Part of the fence consists
of privet hedge just now coming out, and
along the fence a great many Cannas,
which grow something like a lily or a flag,
with roots on the same order, and these
are now coining through the ground, and
the ducks eat them off as fast as they
come up. One of these ducks died about
a week ago, and another died last even¬
ing. They hare never had anything to eat
except as follows: Cracked corn, whole
wheat, a mixture of bran, shorts aud corn-
meal, whole corn, old eggshells, and once
or twice a week scraps from the table, in¬
cluding oatmeal cooked the day before.
Arkansas. T. r. k.
The Canna has no bad reputation, and
the roots contain much starch. Ducks are
large meat eaters in a state of nature, and
your ducks may not have had enough of
this. But I judge that their chief lacks
are grit and green stuff. Where ducks
are kept in confinement every effort must
he made to furnish them an abundance of
green stuff of one kind and another. Cut
clover and clover meal are a Winter stand¬
by. Though not "green” in the sense of
fresh and juicy, they have the composition
of a nutritious vegetable, in good propor¬
tion for a living ration, and much better
than some for eggs. Cabbage is a handy
feed, nearly all water. We use beet pulp
to quite an extent also. In Summer lawn
clippings, weeds, clovers and short-cut sweet
corn stalks as well as waste vegetables
will help them out. If you feed an over¬
proportion of starchy feeds, you simply
kill your birds gradually. All your heavy
feeds need to be balanced roughly with
those having water or roughage in' goodly
proportion. Perhaps I should rather say
water aud roughage. Where flocks are
smalt, hens and ducks run together, at
times, without harm. In the breeding sea¬
son. there is likely to be trouble, especially
if birds are confined. On the farm, running
free, they may be found together all over
the country. c. s. valentine.
Surplus Stuck of Choice Strawberry Plants
$2.50 per 1,000. H. H. RUNNING, Clyde, N. Y.
LED CORN— Reid's Yellow Dent, Imp. Learning,
vvoluen Surprise,. American Pride, White Cap and
seed oats. Catalog tree THE0.QURI & SONS.Melrose.Ohia
— Eureka PotatoPlanter, little used, with
fertilizer attachment; two-horse, one-row machine
!n,.-no< condition. Two 360-egg Cyphers Incubators,
190/ model, cheap. Mareus M. Browne, Marlboro, Mass.
MELON'S, Lima Beans, Sweet Corn aud Squashes
i to 4 weeks earlier if started in Paper Pots.
Recommended by Hope Farm man and Cornell Uni¬
versity. Shipped flat: tow rates; 3-in., $1 25 per 1000.
4-m.,tl.7o per 1000. P. B. CROSBY 8 SOB, Catonsvilte.Md.
with
WANTED— AT ONCE ;r
Must be good milkers, experienced with cattle and
at dairy farm work. W, F. SHRUM, Jeaimette, Pa.
Ul ART EB.— Position as Farm Manager or Super-
lnteudeni by a competent, well educated young
single, Ag. College graduate. Experienced
n large farms in general, stock and dairy farming.
<*ood references. C. D. L. eare of R. N.-Y.
Write Today
We want every farmer In the land to have
our attractive Free Booklet on hay loaders.
It’s full of interesting facts and illustrations.
It shows plainly why the simple, light run¬
ning “ GEARLESS” Hay Loader is the cheap¬
est to buy, tiie easiest to operate, the most
durable and altogether the most satisfactory
loader for heavy hay, windrows, light hay,
clover, alfalfa or beans. '
It’s the loader that can be depended upon
every hour during the haying season. “No
time out for repairs.”
Let us send you our Free Booklet at once.
Write us today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILL.
DIGS ALL THE POTATOES
without cutting them— just enough adjustment to meet
your conditions without carrying too much soil. Saves
enough more potatoes, even in small acreage to pay for
machine in short time. Perfect separation. Is as fight
draft oaauy digger can be. Is’o neck weight. Two styles
made Prices $75,00 to $105.00. No. 150 is the lighter
machine, built on strong but very simple lines — a great
favorite with growers. Separate bearings, easily removed
and cheaply replaced. Operates entirely from the seat.
IRON ACE
POTATO
_ DIGGERS
are not experiments— years of actual use in all sorts of
conditions have proved their worth. ’Write to-day for
Anniversary Catalog — complete lino of potato machin¬
ery, garden wheel hoes and drills, orchard tools, etc.
Special Agency Offer
$192|
and up
BREEZE
Motor- Vehicle
To establish fifty new agencies we
are making a special summer offer.
Write today for full particulars— a
chance to enjoy life and make money.
The Breeze is a reliable
automobile for5i92.5o and up ;
runs anywhere you’d send
a horse and bosr^y ; low up¬
keep; simple, speedy, safe.
The Jewel Carriage Co.
Dept. T. Cincinnati, O.
RUNNING WATER
WHEN AND WHERE YOU WANT IT
Water pumped day and night automatically
from nearby stream, pond or spring. No
expense^ no ^attention ; no repairs. A
~ ~ DAM is l°w ^
- I iMIfl first cost
(and high in efficiency. No
attention or expense to main¬
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of helpful suggestions.
POWER SPECIALTY COMPANY
111 Broadway, New York
FOSTER duty
SCHOOL CHILDREN
can make good, clean money by selling
Wescott Graphite Metal Dairy Ware
to parents and neighbors. Sanitary, handsome
and indestructible. Special Offer:— Tlie first two
children In each town or on single R. F. D, Route
applying will receive free, Hand Painted Pan. I
do not ask' for stamps or coin. I pay postage.
Grco. F. Weacott,
White Building. Buffalo, N. Y.
Dl. EASE semi a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
* mission House in New York. Kst. 1838. Butter,
Eggs, Poultry, Pork, Calves. Hay. Grain. Beans,
Appies.ete. K. R. WIMHIWAMII, SOS l/rnn.M St., ,N.Y.
Egg's, Poultry, Meats, Produce.
Shipments solicited. JELLIFFE, WRI6HT 8 CO., Com
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St.. New York.
JOHN C. QUICK CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 34 JAY STREET, NEW YORK
POULTRY FARM EGGSoUR SPECIALTY.
QUICK Returns Our Motto. Established 1855
Boston Produce Co.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St.,
Boston.
ten FflrmQFOR SAI;E CHEAP- in fertile
IvJU I Q 1 1 1 1 0 Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Rebder, Newtown, Pa.
MILCH GOATS SALE
Pour pairs High Grade Toggenburgs. $15 and $20 a
pair. INDUSTRIAL HOME, Tappau, S, Y.
NEWTON’S HEAVE
COUCH, DISTEMPER IIQP
AND INDIGESTION l/Ul\L
The firstor second $1.00 can cures Heaves. The third
can Is guaranteed to cure
or money refunded, asg
_ The Standard Veterinary Remedy.
Makes the Horse Strong and Willing to Work.
CURES HEAVES BY CORRECTING THE CAUSE
which Is Indigestion. Send for booklet “Horse Tronb-
Fs.” Explains fully about the Wind, Throat, Stomach
and Blood. N ewton’sissaf efor colt, adultor mare in foal
A GRAN0 CONDITIONER AND WORM EXPELLER
#1.00 n can at dealers, or express prepaid
THE NEWTON KEMEDY CO., Toledo, Ohio
will reduce in flamed.swoUenJoInts,
Braises, Soft Bunches. Cure Bolls,
Boll Evil, Qnitor, Fistula or any
unhealthy sore quickly: pleasant
to use; does not blister under
bandage or remove the hair, and
you can work the horse. $2 per bot¬
tle, delivered. Book 7 E free.
ABSOKBINE.JB., liniment for
mankind. Reduces Painful, Swol¬
len Veins, Goitre, Weni Strains,
Bruises, stops Pain and Inflamma¬
tion. Price *1.00 per bottle at deal¬
ers or delivered. Will tell you more
if you write. Manufactured only by
!V. F. YOUNG, P.O.F., 88 Temple St.. Springfield, Mass.
Positively Cured
By Using .
Calf Scours
CRELOLL
No Failures Guaranteed
Also the only known remedy for
WHITE DIARRHOEA in poultry.
Caledonia Chemical Co., Caledonia, N. Y.
EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION
Warranted The Best. 30 Days’ Trial
Unlike all others. Stationai-y when open
Noiseless Simple Sanitary Durable
The Wasson Stanchion Co.,
Box 60, Cuba, N. Y.
i m: e
FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Mixtures of Potash, Phosphate Rock and Lime of
different proportions
LAND PLASTER
PHOSPHATE ROCK.
AGRICULTURAL SALT, Etc.
ALL GUARANTEED
AGENTS WANTED
Caledonia Chemical Co., Caledonia, /V. V.
rnD Oil Of 209 acres, stock and
r II it A 3 I U tools. $8.00 per day income,
fonrteen room, white house
with green blinds, three large barns, silo, granary,
sheds, hen house, fruit, 25 Holstein cows ami
heifers, five hogs, wagons, buggy, mower, reaper,
rake, harrows, sulky cultivator, plows, drill, roller,
root cutter, eorn shelter, etc. Groat money maker,
must go. Price, $7,500; $4,500 cash.
HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Owega, Tioga Coonty, New York.
FOR SALE— Small Virginia Farm.
128 acres of productive, money making land.
Nearly new eight room frame house, very pretty
and attractive. Barns and other necessary out¬
buildings. Splendid garden, orchard of apple,
pear, peach, cherry, and plum trees. Only 2Hmiles
from progressive town on the main line of South¬
ern Ky. Fifty miles from Washington, D. C.
This is a bargain at $6U.U0 per acre. For full
description of this and other farms, write to
II. M. HTTBBEL/Li, Warrenton, Va.
EWELL FARM LANB-SOO ACRES of the Famous Ewell
Farm for sale. Heavy elay loam soil, very fertile,
200 acres in virgin timber or pasture laud, excellent
bluegrass, 125 acres in wheat and clover, 100 acres
in orchard grass. Well watered, two springs, a well,
Address, PERCY BROWN, Spring Hill, Tenn.
UOR SALE — A rare chanee to secure a most de-
1 sirable Stock and (up-to-date) Poultry Farm,
about 117 acres, completely equipped, for less than
cost of buildings and recent improvements. Loca¬
tion: Chester County, Penua.; convenient to Phila¬
delphia. Situation ideal. No further expenditure
needed. For full particulars address: JOHN V.
SAUTTER, Manager, Chester Springs, Peuna.
636'
\55 b uys Best
140-Egg Incubator
Dou ble cases all over -.best copper
tank; nursery, self-regutatlng.
Best 140-chlck hot-water brooder,
$4.85. Both ordered together,
$11.50. Freight prepaid (E. of
Rockies >. - —
No machines
at any price
are better. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for book today
orsend pricenow and save time.
Belle City Incubator Company, Box 48 RaaSefWisconw
Rhode Island Reds Yield Big Profits
Many a farmer has made a big dent in his
mortgage by the help of Rhode Island Reds.
Walter Sherman’s Book Tells You
AH About These Wonderful Fowls
How easy they are to take care of. How fine
they are tor table use. What prolific layers they
are. Even tells you how to take care of them
■when sick. Every poultry man should have a
copy. I he pictures in this book are true to life,
each from a photograph taken on his place. Two
ot them by the new French color process.
Show the birds in their natural colors. So
real that you almost expect them to move.
How to get this book FREE
Send 20 cents (50 cents would be a low price).
With each book is given a rebate coupon
worth 20 cents on your first order for 2 settings
of eggs. Send for the book today.
Walter Sherman, 25 Boulevard, Newport, R.I.
PppO-MAMMOra BRONZE TURKEYS,
L U Uu Learl Guineas, Indian Runner Ducks and
www Barred Plymouth Rocks. Write for Free
Price List. POPLAR LAWN FARMS, West Falls, N. Y
WHITE ORPINGTONS, Cook strain: Eggs for hatching,
" $2' per 15: Cockerels, $3 each : Mammoth Pekin
Duck Eggs, $1 per 12. WAVERLEY FARMS. Haymarket, Va.
BABY CHICKS — Singlo Comb White Leghorns,
Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds, 10c and 12c each.
Strong and livable. From vigorous free range stock,
bred for utility and standard qualities. Safe delivery
guaranteed. WESLEY GRIN NELL, Sod us, N. Y.
Rrprf tn I RU Dustin Strain W. Wyandottes and
LllGU IU LQj Purks Strain Barred Rocks. Eggs,
$1.00 per 15. H. R. STARNER, Corning, N.Y.
IRDS OF QUALITY, Bred to lay ; S. C W. Leghorn
Hatching Eggs, $6 per 100; Chicks, $12 per 100.
S. C. R. I. Red Eggs, $8 per 100; Chicks, $15 per 100.
THE WINONA FARMS ■ Drawer 272 . LANSDALE, PA.
WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY
Free range, extra good winter laying strain, $1 00 per
15 eggs; $5.00 per 100. F. CYRUS TWINING, Pineville, Pa.
CRfiQ — INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS, $150
CUUO PER 13. $3.00 FOR 30; WHITE EGGS.
FRANK F. TERRY . . . Assonet, Mass.
S. C. W. LEGHORN EGGS FOR HATCHING
15 for $1.50, $7.00 per 100. Baby Chicks, 15c. each
Pens headed by choice cockerels direct from D. W.
Young. E. M. YOUNG. Edenville, N. Y.
EGGS
from high record W. P. Rock Hens, $2
for 15, $5 for 45. Incubator eggs $tiper
100. A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS!
dottes, Rhode Island Reds, both combs. Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.60, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas, $2.00, 15. Cat¬
alog gratis. F. M. PRESCOTT, Riverdale, N. J.
YX7YCKOFF-BLANCHARD strains Single-Comb
vy White I/eghorns, $1.25 setting Heavy laying
Rose-Comb Black Minorcas, $1,50 setting, t ircular.
HIGH RIDGE POULTRY FARM, Lauhel. Mrr.
RC. B. MINORCAS ; great layers; eggs. $1.00
• for 15. GEO. BOWDISH, Esperanco, N. Y.
EGGS FOR HATCHING from heavy laying ntility
™ _ - strains. S. C.W. Leghorns and R. C. R. I.
Reds, $1 per 15, $5 per 100. ARTHUR RICE, Houier, N. Y.
nrilll JHY-3S Best Breeds— Bred for
fUUL I VI I Laying — Choice eggs for hatch¬
ing. Large circular illustrated in eoiors free. Also
a few fine O. I. C. Figs for sale. Address
JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Virginia.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons— Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
I. RTJKnNTEPl DUCKS
Public record, 200 t eggs. 'My book, all about it, 50c.
C. 8. Valentine, Box 3, Ridgewood, N. J.
BUFF ORPINGTON DOCKS sShTlSrsns
B. O. Ducks, the world greatest layers; have twice
won Australian laying contests. My ducks have
three years unbeaten show record. List furnished
DUNROBXN FARM, Chatham, New Jersey
Both Tree and Fruit Need Potash
Apple trees take more Potash from the soil
than they do Nitrogen and Phosphorus,
Especially does the development of the
fruit depend on the available
Increased yields of larger, firmer apples,
well flavored and rich in color follow appli¬
cations of Soluble Potash Salts.
Orchardists everywhere are proving that
Potash pays.
See that your fruit tree fertilizer contains
at least 10% Actual Potash, that is, 400 lbs.
Sulfate of Potash in each ton of fertilizer.
Gel our latest free booklet on “ Home
Mixing'," Sent free upon request.
We will sell you Potash in any amount
from 200 pounds up.
GERMAN KALI WORKS, Inc.
Continental Building, Baltimore
Monadnock Block, Chicago
Whitney Central Bank B adding. New Orleans
636
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 22, 1911.
HUMOROUS
“Isn't 10 cents a quart for milk rather
high?” “Waal, ma’am, we can't feed
our cows on cold storage grass.” — Life.
“He knows all the best people in
town.” “Why doesn’t he associate with
them, then?” “They know him.” — Cleve¬
land Leader.
The New, Easy Way of
WATERING STOCK!
Engine Pumps 400 to 1,500 Gallons Per Hour
Casey : “Phwat kind av a horse is a
cob?” Mulligan: “It’s wan thot’s been
raised intoirly on corn, ye ignoramus.”
— Boston Transcript.
Mother (at lunch) : “Yes, darling,
these little sardines are sometimes eaten
by the larger fish.” Mabel (aged five) :
“But, mamma, how do they get the cans
open?” — London Ideas.
Mother (with newspaper) : “Willie,
here’s a job for you: ‘Boy wanted about
14 years.’ ” Willie : “Gee, ma ! I won't
be a boy more’n half of 14 years. I'm
13 now.” — Boston Transcript.
“What’s the matter with your wife?
She seems to be very irascible lately.”
“Why, she was assisting at a rummage
sale, and somebody sold her new hat for
35 cents.” — Washington Herald.
“Please contribute to. our fund to
6end a missionary to the cannibals.” “I
won’t — I’m a vegetarian and don’t be¬
lieve in it. But I’ll send them some
cereals, if you wish.” — Toledo Blade.
One of the Suffragettes: “I’ve lost
me best hatpin, Lizzie.” Another:
“Where did you leave it last?” The
First : “Oh, I remember now ! I left it
sticking in that policeman.” — London
Opinion.
Teacher (to new pupil) : “Why did
Hannibal cross the Alps, my little man?”
My Little Man: “For the same reason
as the ’en crossed th’ road. Yer don’t
catch me with no puzzles.” — Sydney
Bulletin.
Ashley: “I know a man in Kansas
who can walk on his ceiling just as
well as a fly.” Seymour: “What gives
him the power?” Ashley: “A cyclone
that blew his house upside down.” —
Chicago News.
Benny was having his first night trip
on a steamboat. Catching sight of the
searchlight moving back and forth, he
exclaimed, excitedly, “Daddy, daddy !
Look! There must be a happy comet
near here. See how he wags his tail !” —
Chicago Tribune.
Willie (who was traveling alone for
the first time) to conductor: “What is
the meaning of ‘W’ and ‘R’ on the sign
posts along the road?” Conductor:
“Ring and whistle.” Willie (after a
pause) : “I can see how ‘W’ stands
for wring but I can’t see how ‘R’ stands
for whistle.” — Buffalo Commercial.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
SAVE HALF Your
Paioit Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT — proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.”
Made in all colors, — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE.
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
Tells all about Paint and Painting for Durability.
How to avoid trouble and expense caused by paints
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuable information
fres to you. with Sample Color Cards, Write me. DO
XT NOW. I can save you money.
0. W. Ingersoll, 246 Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Fastest Hay Press
2’/j Tons Per Hour
Greater capacity is guaranteed in all Spencer
Presses. The guarantee with, our Alligator
Press says “22 tons in lOhours or no pay.” Large
feed capacity— smooth and compact bales, uni¬
form in size. Load full weight into cars. AH
Spencer Presses are biggest money makers be¬
cause they give greatest capacity at Buy
smallest operating and repalrcost. Guaranteed
Write today for Free illustrated /.{■% ' ‘ ; Capacity
catalog B. B. describing full line.
J. A. SPENCER
X01 William St., Dwight, III.
TO ESTABLISHED IMPLEMENT and
HARDWARE DEALERS:
If we have no representa¬
tive in your immediate lo¬
cality. write for our exclu¬
sive Agency Proposition,
using your business station¬
ery. The fame of the Fuller
& Johnson Farm Pump En¬
gine is spreading like wild-
lire. Our advertising reaches
every nook and corner of this
country. The engine is the first
real solution of the pumping
problem ever offered the farm¬
ers. It is a tremendous success
—the greatest ever known in
the gasoline engine line.
Dealers who have the agency
are doing n wonderful business.
We are rapidly completing our
arrangements with new deal¬
ers. We want to hear from
every established Implement
or Hardware Dealer in new ter¬
ritory at once, so we can ar¬
range to huve the Farm Pump
Engine on exhibition in ad¬
vance of the hot weather rush.
Patented
in the U. S.,'
Canada and
other foreign coun¬
tries. Other patents
applied for. (209)
This little engine takes the cake — it's the world's champion
pumper . Pumps all the water the stock can drink, and all you can use
for the house. Give the fly wheel a whirl and up comes the water!
The boy can start or stop it. That’s all there is to do.
Leaves the Best WindmaBI a Thousand Miles Behind!
The Fuller & Johnson Farm Pump Engine is so far ahead of the windmill that
comparisons are useless. This engine makes you independent of wind or weather.
Runs right along, summer and winter— no storms can knock it out.
Fuller&
Johnson
Farm Pump Engine
Runs Your Separator, Churn, Fanning Mill, Grindstone, Etc.,
While Pumping to Beat the Band. Helps Everybody.
The engine is built for pumping, but it has so much surplus power that it
will run all kinds of hand-power or tread-power machines all at the same time.
It has a special pulley for running light machinery.
All Complete-No “ Extras’* to Buy Don’t Wait for Hot Weather!
Everything but the gasoline comes right along
with the outfit. No “expert” needed to set it up.
It’s as simple as A B C. Needs no belts, arms.
Jacks or special platform. It is air-cooled. Self-
oiling. Working parts in dust-proof crank case.
Engine Absolutely Guaranteed
Every Farm Pump Engine gets a thorough
“work out” at the factory and is absolutely
guaranteed. It is as high grade as best
automobile engines.
Do you remember tho hours of hard, hot work last
summer, pumping water for stock until your back
was lame? How windmills were idle for weeks when
the country was burning up? Don’t bo caught in the
same fix this summer. Order your engine NOW!
Send Postal for FREE BOOKS
Our new Farm Pump Engine catalog tells all about
this pumping wonder. Tells how farmers all over the
world are saving time, money and muscle by using
this great labor-saving invention. Bond today. We
will give you the name of nearest dealer who has the
little engine on exhibition.
The Farm Pump Engine Fits Any Pump and Makes It Hump
Fuller & Johnson Mfg. Co.
4 Rowley St., Madison, Wis.
Established 1840
/
rCow comfort and cow sanitation result in more”
cow profits, and that alone should induce any
farmer or dairyman to seek these conditions.
Louden Sanitary Steel Stallsaml Slanch-
ionsdoublethe lightandair in a barn and insure
perfect ventilation, perfect sanitation— a result
impossible with any wooden equipment. Yet
LOUDEN STALLS AND STANCHIONS
are actually cheaper. Louden stalls of heavy
tubular steel, with malleable fittings, have no
flat surfaces for dust to accumulate— easy to keep
clean and almost indestructible,
Louden stanchions give cows more comfort
than other makes, yet keep them perfectly lined
up. Throat chains prevent cows from lying
down when milking. Simple and very durable.
Latch easily opened or closed with gloved hand,
but can’v be opened by animal. Send today
for free catalogue of sanitary, money-saving
barn equipment.
LOUDEN MACHINERY CO., 601 Broadway, Fairfield, la.
Ricker Ha y Carrier—
Saves Labor and Lasts a Lifetime
One season’s labor saved, pays its cost. Adapted for barn or stack, with fork or
sling. Easy draft, no binding on track, and holds the load at any point. The
result of 40 years’ experience— therefore it can’t be excelled. Many different
styles for every requirement.
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t
IMMIGRATING TO NEW YORK STATE.
What a Western Man Found.
Part I.
I have a friend in the wild and woolly West. She
is now a rather buxom matron, usually equal to any
emergency. One day she drove to town, and on
coming to get her horse was annoyed to find a group
of loungers near her buggy. Saying within herself,
‘Til show these loafers that country women are grace¬
ful,” she sprang into the buggy. Her toe caught and
she sprawled in a heap. Now mad clear through, she
grabbed the whip and lines and lashed
the horse. After some confusion she
then had to get out and untie the horse
from a telegraph pole, which the horse
was trying to take along. It is with
fear lest my experience may be like hers
that I come before this great body of
practical progressive farmers. My story
is one involving only a few dollars, while
these columns frequently tell of farm
crops of thousands of dollars. Yet it is
my all. And I hope that where you see
a blunder you will suggest a remedy :
I was born in Kansas in 1S72, the son
of a home missionary. At an early age
I removed with my parents to south¬
eastern Connecticut. There, in spite of
me, my father held two long pastorates,
and finally wound up in the State Legis¬
lature. I was educated for the ministry,
attending Lafayette College, Easton, Pa.,
and Union Theological Seminary, New
York City. I was commissioned by the
Congregational Home Missionary So¬
ciety to a charge in eastern Washington.
On June 1, 1899, I married the daughter
of a Connecticut farmer, and we hurried
off to our far western home.
Conditions on the home-missionary
field not being satisfactory, and not be¬
ing able to live and bring up a family
on a salary of promises and $300 in cash
and deferred payments, and not being
able to swallow my pride and beg for
a “barrel,” I left that work and en¬
tered the employ of a ship-building
company just then organized. I began
as time-keeper and laborer, clearing
land ; became foreman, then had charge
of “cook house,” and warehouse, and by
a study of naval architecture, etc., rose
through several departments to be as¬
sistant manager ; was elected secretary
and treasurer of the company. When
we were busiest we had a payroll of
about $10,000 per month and the time¬
keeping and paymaster job seemed to
stick closer than a brother. I had di¬
rect oversight over the bookkeeping, including the mer¬
chandise and the drafting room, and in addition I was
the head draftsman. During the day times I was
a ship builder but at night I was a farmer on a
‘logged-off” piece of Puget Sound timberland. This
land we had bought cheap, some of it for taxes, had
built a shack and were clearing it and farming it.
We talked farm, read farm, hoped farm. We at¬
tended live stock and poultry shows and longed for
the chance to be genuine farmers. If anyone wants
any facts or pointers on logged-off land in western
Washington, for a farm, I am qualified to give ex¬
pert advice. I’m not a “knocker” either.
Would it be really wise to give up the salary and
become farmers?
Editors of farm papers say to the clerk, “Don’t try
farming.” Other than agricultural papers tell stories
of remarkable successes by newly fledged or artificially
incubated farmers. Brother Fullerton’s “Lure of the
Land” added to our unrest. Our family of five boys
and a girl seemed to demand a farm for elbow room.
We would rather they all be farmers than steamboat
men or shipbuilders. I had been an all-round athlete
in college days, and had a stomach like an ostrich or
a goat. I hoped that life on a farm would help me
to “come back.” Just at a convenient time a western
boom struck our village. I was president of our local
Boomers’ Association, Sunday school superintendent,
and a more or less conspicuous figure in church, lodge
and local politics. I did what I could to help the
village and boost the boom. Incidentally, I sold out.
Now we can really have a farm. Where shall it be?
What an array of attractions! Where shall we go?
The alluring fruit lands of Washington, Yakima,
Wenatchee, Okanogan, Spokane, with golden promises
of fruit and fortune ; the wide-open welcoming arms
of northwestern Canada, attracting so many thousands
of American farmers, with its great wheatfields of
Alberta and the Saskatchewan ; the paradise of
Florida, the land of flowers and fruit and sunshine —
a thousand farms offered by great farm agencies,
every one a bargain, from Maine through New Eng¬
land, New York, Pennsylvania, even down to sunny
Tennessee; railroad agents, State agricultural depart¬
ments, all offer farm advantages unsurpassed. The
Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, dis¬
interested and impartial, threw the weight of his testi¬
mony in favor of New York State.
We decided that New York State offers the most
for the money, the best opportunities and advantages.
From a list of 900 farms,, published by
the State, we selected one and arranged
by mail to rent il for. a year with the
privilege of purchase. This is the de¬
scription :
Farm of 212 acres three miles from -
and one mile from south - post office,
R. F. D., very productive soil, 75 to 100
acres of second growth timber. House
eight rooms iu good condition. Two barns,
one30xG0, one 45xG0. Watered by well and
spring. Fences fair. Reason for selling,
to close an estate. This farm is a first-
class dairy and general-purpose farm and
is said to be worth considerably more than
is asked. Price, $2,400, less 10 per cent
for cash. Otherwise the terms for balance
will be easy.
Our correspondence developed the fol¬
lowing differences; five acres adjoining
were to be added and the price $1,600,
rent for one year $100.
When in spite of my friend, the man¬
ager, and all other friends, we were
ready, then came farewell meetings in
lodge and in church. As I found myself
face to face with that company of
friends, pushed forward to say goodby,
all the myriad ties which bound us, all
the joys and sorrows through which we
had gone, together came before me, and
I could not say “Goodby,” and almost
regretted the severing of those bonds.
Many urged us to stay “West.” “You’ll
be sorry.” “You’ll be back.” “You are
foolish.” Even the big policeman in the
Seattle depot added a few adjectives to
the name, fool. On the train we were
treated to the same sort of comfort.
We left Seattle for Tioga Co., N. Y.,
May 19, 1910, via the Canadian Pacific
to Sudbury, Llamilton, Toronto and
Buffalo. That trip is a never-to-be
forgotten experience. Nothing can sur¬
pass the glory and grandeur of the
scenery in the Canadian Rockies. Up !
Up! Up we climb! Two engines puffing*
and panting as we wind among peaks
towering 10,000 feet above us. Spread
before us is a panorama of beauty. Be¬
low us and about us are the trees of a
temperate zone, while just above us are the trees
and plants of an Arctic circle. These persist,
climbing up gorges and ravines, yet have to yield to
the ice king. His throne is there. There per¬
petual snow, and great rivers of ice yield him
obedience. To show his power over the forest, each
Winter he sends a little snow ball rolling on and on
down towards the forest. The earth trembles. We
saw the tiny splinters as small as the pine needles
they were mixed with, which a few months before
had been giant forest trees. Now a bare streak-
stretches up the mountain. Up we ever climb, fol¬
lowing roaring cataracts through tunnels and snow
AN UNOCCUPIED FARMHOUSE— FROM THE DEPARTMENT
BULLETIN. Fig. 182.
V/ HERE MR. CARY FINALLY LOCATED. Fig. 183.
638
q'HE} RURAb NEW-YORKER
April 29, '
sheds, under glaciers and waterfalls, beside crystal
mountain lakes. Then down, down, racing with a
mountain torrent. Down at breakneck speed, racing
into the night. Morning finds us spinning past wheat-
fields abandoned to mud and snow, treeless, houses
widely scattered, country in the arms of late Winter
and mud. We left our own little garden with early
vegetables in their prime, and we were a little thank¬
ful that northwest Canada was not our destination.
On we sped, glued to the windows or trying to amuse
the youngsters, receiving kind and courteous help
from passengers and porters. At last granite rocks,
sparkling lakes, lazy little rivers, mills, towns, boats,
woods, orchards and vineyards tell of rural prosperity
and plenty. We think that eastern Canada has much
to offer to prospective settlers which she is silent
about.
We reached the town at midnight and stop at a
hotel. In the morning in the rain we drive to “our
farm.” That farm begins back from the main road.
Jt lies on a side bill and over the hill. The house
is one-half a mile up the hill, and the elevation at
the house is 1400 feet, at the foot of the hill it is
947 feet. The horses could barely pull the carriage
up the hill. There was not one field in grass; a few
in buckwheat stubble and the whole thing a stone pile.
The boys said, “Don’t buy this, papa; it’s too stony.”
There was not a spot where a horse’s foot would go
between the stones. And the buildings ! The house-
roof leaked and water stood on the floor ; a sort of
ell had tumbled in, and there huddled around an old
cook-stove we found a woman and her children in a
pitiable condition of indescribable filth and desola¬
tion. The man was off fishin’; had received a letter
to vacate but refused to. I said, “Please don’t. Stay
right here.” We refuse to accept the farm and go
back to the hotel. Subsequently I met a lawyer who
had written the description of that farm and sent it
to the State for free advertising. He thought it a
huge joke. But it’s a joke the State should not be
a party to.
I said we went to the hotel. I should have said
saloon with bedrooms. The barkeeper, who was pro¬
prietor, amused himself by teaching our four-year-old
baby to swear, giving him a penny to repeat after
him the foulest oaths while the rest of the children
stood about. If I had heard it, one saloon in that
town would have been closed — for a funeral.
We found a vacant house on the outskirts, an old
abandoned house. We had our trunks, blankets, four
chairs, a box or two, a kerosene stove, and thus we
camped in the rain. Joseph p. carv.
COST OF AN APPLE ORCHARD.
In the article on page 458 by a man who has had 65
years of experience in apple growing he gives figures
for a 10-acre orchard for first 10 years. He fails to
add in his items of yearly expense the item of spray¬
ing, or give any offset from year to year of increased
value of his trees, as against the total cost of the or¬
chard. On the face of the matter, this man has had
65 years of experience in owning an orchard or or¬
chards, and has yet to learn what all interested in
orchard work are trying to get at each year; a better
system, .easier manner of cultivation, and funda¬
mentally pushing the young trees in their early growth.
That this man shows no return from his 10-acre or¬
chard during the 10-year period is conclusive evidence
he could not attain success in that line or any other,
without a change of system, or applied system. No
doubt his orchard would not sell at the end of the
10-year period for over the $1540, for likely the trees
would be dwarf, and would require two or three
years to get them into working shape. In the matter
of an orchard it is an individual matter, and indi¬
viduals differ in opinion as to what constitutes a
good orchard proposition ; two neighbors having equal
conditions, might exchange orchards, and both fail to
produce as good results as the original grower, be¬
cause of lack of knowledge as to individual trees. It
is like handling a group of skilled workmen ; requires
care, judgment and eternal personal application to the
business. I doubt if you can get a man who has
made a success of apple growing to tell you on paper
how he attained that pinnacle. J. D. Rockefeller tells
us how he made his pile, but somehow we all fail to
connect with or grasp the magic power.
Connecticut. H. R. Howard.
C. E. B., page 458, says he will make some figures.
This he probably has done (made them). I do not
think he took them from any accurate records. It
seems a little strange to us here in eastern Penn¬
sylvania that he should value land at $/5 per acre
that requires $5 worth of fertilizer per acre to grow
trees the first year under cultivation. Land can be
bought here at $50 per acre with plenty of fertility
, to grow trees to the bearing age. His trees are 10
years old and still he has no credit side to the ac¬
count. At the Exeter Fruit Farms we would cut
them down and quit the business if they would not
pay for themselves and the land at that age. The
following is* an accurate account with 660 trees three
years of age occupying six acres of land:
First year, 1908.
6 acres of land...- . $600.00
660 trees . 119.45
Flowing, harrowing, setting, trimming, interest
taxes and all other expenses the first year.... 147.93
$867.38
$90.72
121.07
Second year, 1909.
Cutting mulch, trimming, spraying, taking out
worms, interest, taxes and all other expenses..
Third year, 1910.
Same as above .
Total three years . $1,079.17
CR.
$200.00
Total net cost $879.17, or $1.33 per tree including
land, as against C. E. B.’s $1524.78, or $3.05 per tree.
We value the land at $100 per acre, as it is good
enough to grow trees to the bearing age, plenty of
mulch and a surplus for hay. We charge every last
cent of expense to the trees, even the interest quar¬
terly, as that is the way we would have to pay if we
borrowed at a bank. Fruit growing is our business,
and we have put every expense into these trees to
make them do their very best. w. j. lewis.
Luzerne Co., Pa.
be foolish. If he did so dispose of the berries, can
you, or any of your readers, tell me why the “acre”
he mentions should not be credited with the advanced
price? As a matter of fact, the only reason he
would fail so to credit it would be because he re¬
ceived only about 9 or 10 cents per box for the
berries and the man who made the shortcake
increased the cost to the consumer about 750 per
cent.
Regarding his argument concerning milk from the
“scrub cow,” I can only point to Mr. Schimmel. Is
he not doing exactly that, and does he not give the
cow credit? As I remember his letter, he claimed he
received one dollar per day per cow. Where in the
world would the credit go, if not there? For my
part, I am open for argument, and am perfectly
willing to be convinced if I am wrong in my views*
although I am like the man from Missouri — I must
be “shown.” To follow out his principle, I will cite
a calf. If he fattened a calf for veal and was offered
11 cents per pound alive, or 14 cents dressed, and he
dressed it, would he give the cited three cents a
pound to the cow? In both cases he would have
goods in raw state against the finished product, but
the credit (advanced) must go to whatever pro¬
duced it. If his citation is correct, those farmers
who get big prices for seed corn cannot figure that
an acre made so much additional, just because they
shelled the corn instead of selling it on the cob.
New Jersey. w. j. dougan.
FROM HEN TO HEN.
I have followed the statements and discussions on
those $9 and $12 hens with interest, and as so far
none has figured as I would, I am responding to your
invitation to “sail in.” On page 480 Mr. Wm. Gibson
analyzes the statement of Gori & Son, as given on
page 381, and instead of finding they have $12 hens,
shows the net profit of the 11.5 hens to be but $18.24,
or $1.59 per hen. While with Mr. Gibson I cannot
see that they have $12 hens, yet neither do I think
his figures just. The egg is not the final product of
the hen as Mr. Gibson states, but the chick, and in
reckoning the hen’s year’s work the chicks she is
mother of must be credited to her. From hen to egg
is not the complete cycle of life, but from hen to hen.
The egg originally was intended only as a means for
the perpetuation of the species, and the mother, egg
and young bore the same relationship one to the other
as the mother, egg and young of the undomesticated
birds of to-day. That forces, foreign to nature, have
been brought to bear does not in any way alter the
original relationship, though the quantity or quality of
hen, egg or chick may thus have been very materially
changed. Surely the calf is credited to the cow as
part of her year’s earnings; then why does he deny
the hen her offspring?
Again, neither is it fair for Gori & Son to credit to
the mother hen the product of the pullet, whether it
be but prepared for incubation— the egg — or incubated
— the chick. In crediting the mother hen with her
pullet’s eggs they err, for then they are entering the
next cycle of life, with which she has nothing to do
whatsoever. All cost of raising the pullets to the lay¬
ing age must be charged to the mother hen. So if I
were to figure the net earnings of Gori & Son’s 11.5
hens it would be as follows:
DR.
Feed, etc., for 115 hens, 1 cockerel . $17.75
Feed, etc., for 210 chicks to maturity . 115.;i0
Eggs incubated . 5-90
Interest on parent stock . -90
Interest in plant . -60
Total Dr . $139.75
Eggs from breeders . $35.<4
Males, poultry sold . 54.94
Poultry used (home) . i . 54.94
Pullets (layers and those chosen for breeders) and
cockerels — about . 130.00
Manure (old stock — young stock to maturing) . 1.20
Total Cr. .
Less total Dr.
$226.88
139.75
Net Cr . $87.13
or $7.57 net per hen.
In the above statement I have figured with the un¬
derstanding the young stock chosen for breeders were
products of the eggs laid by the original 11.5 hens, and
as from Gori & Son’s statement there is no means of
knowing their number, I cannot be exact, but would
value them at about $1 per head as with laying stock.
Ohio. h. o. MERTZ.
Figuring on the Hens.
On page 508 C. E. W. criticises Gori & Son’s
statement, and not being just satisfied with the logic
of his argument, I submit my idea. Of course, I
believe Gori & Son figured in the proper manner.
You, or any person of sense, knows very well that
shortcake at 25 cents per portion will place the price
of the berries at 75 cents per quart; therefore, if C.
E. W. is so situated that he could dispose of his
berries in that manner, and failed to do so, he would
EXPRESS COMPANIES AND EGGS.
On January 31 I began shipping eggs to a grocer in
New York City. Below is a statement of shipments
with express charge in each case, as the grocer pays
the expressage on receipt of the shipment. The dates
given are from the returns he sends me :
Feb. 1st, 1 case eggs .
Feb. 10th, 1 case eggs .
Feb. 20th, 1 case eggs .
Feb. 25th, 1 case eggs .
Mar. 3d, 1 case eggs .
Mar. 10th, 1 case eggs .
Mar. 16th, 1 case eggs .
Mar. 20th, 1 case eggs .
Mar. 21st, 1 case eggs .
Mar. 25th, 2 cases .
Mar. 31st, 1 case .
Expressage
. $0.35
.35
.35
.46
.46
.46
.46
.55
.60
.82
.41
When the rate jumped from 35 to 46 cents I asked
our local United States Express agent for an ex¬
planation. I might as well have asked an Egyptian
mummy. I then wrote the grocer asking him to in¬
vestigate. Following is his reply: “I spoke to the
American Express agent about the charge. He says
that their charges are 15 cents a case and the United
States charges one time 25 and another time 31 cents.”
It will be seen that this explanation limps. This was
the first I knew the eggs were handled by two ex¬
press companies. I had just read the Boston man’s
experience with his trunk, so I understood that my
grocer happened to be located in the district allotted
the American Express. When the rate soared to 55.
and 60 cents the grocer sent me his receipt : “To
American Express, Dr. For transportation one box
eggs our charges, 40 cents ; advanced charges, 20 cents ;
total, 60 cents. (U. S. Express.)” It is probably
useless for me to try to get from the express com¬
panies the trifling sum that belongs to me, but with
the help of The R. N.-Y. I can show them up.
Cayuga Co., N. Y. J. f. c.
A NEW PARTY IN POLITICS.
I was much pleased to read In The R. N.-Y. a sug¬
gestion of a new party organized in the interests of the
farmers. It seems to me that recent developments em¬
phasizes the necessity. In fact, I believe it imperative
if the farmer of this country expects to compete with
Canada and Argentina where the farming interests are
taken care of and encouraged in every way possible,
while we have to fight every inch of our way. Especially
is this so in West Virginia, where there are so many
other interests that are organized and beset our Legisla¬
ture with their hired lobbies, so much so that it is often
hard to find a man in the Legislature with nerve enough
to introduce a bill in the interest of the farmer after it
has been carefully prepared. I believe the time is now
ripe for such an organization. Do what you can to bring
the matter before the people. Why should not we
organize in our interest? It seems to me that it is the
only way to get that which is coming to us. We certainly
have no' reason to expect anything as a class from either
of the parties now clamoring for control. I stand ready
to do all I can, and I believe that there are hundreds
of farmers in West Virginia just as ready as I am.
West Virginia. _ R. e. thkashek.
No doubt of it. Our correspondence shows that
such farmers are everywhere. The suggestion we
made was that there should be in this country a party
or group, like the German Agrarians — pledged to put
the political needs of agriculture above any other
public demand. These men may vote with one great
party or the other on many questions, but when it
comes to questions wherein all farmers are interested
they get together and stay there. The result is that
German farmers carry some weight, and their demands
are respected. What we need in America are solid
groups of men in State and National legislatures
who are able to forget that they are Democrats or
Republicans when it comes to questions in which
farmers are vitally interested. There are many elec¬
tion districts which are controlled by farmers in
which farming is the chief business. As a matter ot
self preservation these farmers must work out some
such plan as we have suggested.
1911.
VINEYARD OR APPLE ORCHARD.
On page 515 a “greenhorn” asks which will pay him
better as an investment — a vineyard or a good apple
orchard? The following opinions are given by expert
growers :
It is indeed a hard proposition to decide between
the vineyard and the apple orchards, not alone for a
greenhorn, but for a practical man. It all depends
on the location, the like and dislike of the man and
the dispositon to take chances, or in other words,
the means at command to take the risk. Here in
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., growers take out apple or¬
chards and plant grapes. I myself would not accept
an offer from the owner of a 10-acre orchard in this
county, if he offered me the same, to work, cultivate
and spray the same in an up-to-date workmanlike
manner for the whole crop that I might gather; too
much of a gambling game. On the other hand, an
up-to-date vineyard in Chautauqua County, valued at
$500 and selling for that, has for the last 20 years
paid 20 per cent on that sum. Looking at my books I
find that last year six acres netted $707.88, a little
more you see than 20 per cent on $500
per acre. If, however, you put this
proposition in Niagara County, grapes
would not be in it and the apple orchard
would make the showing. Besides the
locality comes the question of the work.
I like the vineyard work best ; it keeps
me on the ground, I do not have to
climb ladders or stand on a high plat¬
form to spray. The picking and pack¬
ing is mostly done by young women,
certainly better company than any other
you can get, and a grapevine is so re¬
sponsive to treatment that you can al¬
most do anything with it that you want
to do, and when you prune it you can
so do the work that you may tell, within
a pound, how many grapes you will har¬
vest from that vine. By this you will
see that it is impossible for me to say
which offers the better chance for that
man, but it seems to me that the man
himself is the best qualified to decide
the question, which is simply this : Let
the owner of each property bring satis¬
factory proof what the property has pro¬
duced and for what it has been sold.
The cost of production and package is
in favor of the vine3rard, but very little ;
the rest is simply a matter of arithmetic.
Chautauqua Co., N. Y. c. schoenfeld.
That is like asking which is worth
more, a horse or a mule. So much de¬
pends on the conditions ; the locality,
soil, climate, varieties, former treatment
and many other considerations would
enter in to lead one to a decision. But
on your statement that both are in good
condition, every way, I should choose
the orchard. If the inquirer is the green¬
horn he claims to be, he would best get
some one of experience along both lines
of work, to look over the properties and
give him an opinion on their respective
and comparative values, and not depend
on the “guess” of anyone not familiar
with the conditions. e. c. gileett.
Yates Co., N. Y.
My experience has been that«an apple
orchard would pay more net per acre
than would a vineyard, although a dif¬
ferent location might reverse those re¬
sults. I have no idea what a fruit
juice factory pays for the grapes, but if
the inquirer can get anything over $20 or $25 per ton,
and can get good crops year after year, it would be
a good paying investment. For the last few years
apples have been abnormally high, while grapes, while
bringing good prices, have not been as high in pro¬
portion; just when the above may be reversed none
of us can tell. b. j. case.
Wayne Co., N. Y.
The fact of the vineyard being near a juice factory
is in its favor, but in the absence of any knowledge
as to prices such factory pays, nothing can be said
definitely. Assuming that his grapes are Concords, I
may say that price usually paid by such concerns
ranges at from $18 to $30 per ton as a rule. Assum¬
ing that vineyard is in good condition as stated, your
inquirer might feel reasonably sure of an average
yearly yield of four tons per acre, which at $25 would
furnish a gross income of $100. He may wish to buy
the vineyard, but I would urge him to go slow and
investigate for himself. This price named is perhap.l
more than he could get, and four tons of grapes yearl_v
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
means a goodly expense annually to keep up to that
production. I think I may say that the annual ex¬
pense of keeping up such a vineyard will not vary far
from $50 per acre. Under some conditions it might
easily be more, and some years it might be that in¬
stead of having $50 per acre left to pay for his labor,
interest on investment, insurance, taxes, etc., his mar¬
gin might be very small, or even nothing. This de¬
pends on the price received. As to the orchard, which
as stated we will assume to be in good condition and
to consist of good varieties, such orchard can be main¬
tained at one-half the expense (or even less) of the
vineyard. Assuming it to have good scientific care,
such as a vineyard must have, I should pcrsonall}*
much prefer the orchard, and think that at the end
of 10 years the man with the orchard would have gold
dollars to the vineyardist’s brass buttons.
Ontario Co., N. Y. f. a. seeeey.
WHAT DOES THE MIDDLEMAN GET?
Last Summer I purchased in Detroit some standard
style shirts for $1 each. Recently I went to a store
here to duplicate this brand and was asked $1.25 for
the same shirt. Speaking of my Detroit purchase and
asking what made the difference in price, I was told
it was on account of freight charges. I went home
and sat down and figured that the freight charges,
plus packing, boxing, hauling, etc., sifted down to a
single shirt would amount to short of two cents. The
retailer in this case, it seems to me, is hiding behind
an argument that does not sound plausible.
Another illustration : Here in the South we have
no split nickels, and pennies are not in general use
with the grocery trade, etc. When a corner grocery
notes an advance in eggs for instance, a cent or two
a dozen, their price is immediately raised an even
nickel per dozen, and he sa3rs, “Eggs are up ;” whereas
in a declining market the consumer is not given the
benefit of any portion of the decline until it reaches
an even nickel. victor eabadie.
Texas.
R. N.-Y. — In the da}’S before stem-winding watches
were in general use we went into a store in Colorado
63©
to buy a watch key. The price as we recall it was 25
cents for a key which cost three cents in Boston. The
reason given for this remarkable price was that
“freight rates are very high.” Just figure out the
freight rate on a single watch key ! We may get under
these ridiculous excuses and blow them up >^et. Parcels
post would put an end to it ! Senator Bailey, of Texas,
killed the trial of parcels post.
CRIMSON CLOVER AND VETCH IN GEORGIA
We have seen much in The R. N.-Y. in regard to
the use of Crimson clover for a Winter cover crop in
the South, and the editor is surprised that it is not
more generally planted. But our experience and
others in middle Georgia is that Crimson clover is
not a success except in very favored spots, viz., <5eep.
rich bottoms or very heavily manured lands. We
have had fine growth in the creek bottoms, but never
with any success on the poor worn-out uplands. This
is also the experience of our State Experiment Sta¬
tion. We have, though, in the Hairy vetch, a Winter
cover crop that is entirely at home, and
no matter how poor or depleted in
humus the soil may be, you can get a
satisfactory growth with the addition of
a small amount of phosphoric acid. We
also find that where it has not been
previously grown inoculation pays. We
have never found a better crop to sow
with vetch than wheat ; do not like rye,
as it comes too early for the vetch
when cut for a hay crop. Fig. 184 shows
part of Qur Kieffer pear orchard in its
second year with vetch and wheat be¬
tween rows, with three-foot strip plowed
up each side of trees and cultivated.
This land at time of planting orchard
had been abandoned as too poor to cul¬
tivate, but by deep plowing and the use
of vetch and cow peas is in good tilth
and fertility, and the orchard is the
pride of all who use it. Fig. 185 shows
the orchard exactly three years later,
also John and the spring-tooth making
a fine seed bed. w. & r.
Pomona, Ga.
ANNUAL BEARING BALDWINS.
I was much interested in what B. D.
V. B. says, page 459, about annual bear¬
ing of Baldwins, and would like to state
m}- experience, as it differs somewhat.
My orchard contains Spies, Baldwins, a
few Russets and a score or more of
Calvert Pippins. My Spies for the last
17 years have had an average crop of
fruit each year; last year, the least,
about two barrels to tree ; Calverts a
good crop alternate years; Baldwins, a
varied yield, some branches have fruit
nearly all seasons, other limbs on al¬
ternate }'ears, and other trees will bear
heavily one year, and skip one, some¬
times two. I had an idea I could feed
them up to yearly fruiting, but have
given it up. As to treatment, the whole
orchard gets a dressing of stable ma¬
nure, every two years, a dressing of
muriate of potash, 400 pounds per acre,
every five years ; of acid phosphate the
same ; is plowed every fifth year, then
cultivated with disk and spring-tooth
harrow for three years, and then allowed
to lie untilled one year. The last sea¬
son I began experiment in mulching. ■
We spray as we think necessary, from two to fout
times. Six years ago the blister mite caused nearly
all foliage to drop before apples matured, but the
Baldwins kept right on in their own way next season,
so I have concluded that as Dame Nature is a female,
she will have her own way in spite of me.
Genesee Co., N. Y. w. l. bradley.
If I were to come onto your farm and set 750 teams
to work for a week hauling water onto a quarter section
at the rate of four tons a day, I would then only put
on as much water as evaporates in a week when there
is a good moisture content in the soil.
That is the way President Worstof the North Dakota
College puts it. This work would mean nine horses
to the acre hauling water as fast as the sun and air
sucked it out of the soil. Two good horses on a
harrow would cover at least 220 acres per day or with
cultivators 15 acres and by stirring up the upper soil
into a mulch save as much water by preventing evapo¬
ration as 150 horses could haul into the field ! It
would seem therefore that praying for rain could be
done most effectively on the harrow or cultivator. In
Spring the soil is usually well supplied with moisture;
drought comes later through loss of water.
TWO-YEAR-OLD KIEFFER PEARS-VETCH BETWEEN. Fig. 184.
SAME ORCHARD AT FIVE YEARS— GOOD CULTURE. Fig. 185.
6-4 O
\TETE RURAL NEW-YORKER
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must be accompanied by the name
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
» few questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate piece of paper.]
MORE ABOUT JAPAN PLUMS.
On page 394 is something about the
origin of several of the Japanese plums,
including a quotation from Luther Bur¬
bank’s catalogue. In this is a list of
varieties that he says, if the catalogue
is properly quoted, and it must be, for
it was photographed, that he originated
among others listed. Abundance, Bur¬
bank, Satsuma and Shiro. * Now the
real truth is, unless there is some grave
error in history, that he did not origi¬
nate any one of these four varieties,
and I am amazed to see them included
in a list that should be and probably
was prepared in person by or under Mr.
Burbank’s direction. He surely knows
that he did not originate them and that
he was not the original importer or in¬
troducer of some of them, althoug'h he
plainly says that they are “of my pro¬
duction.” As I have read and under¬
stood the history of Abundance a num¬
ber of trees of it were imported from
China previous to or about 1884 by the
direction of Mr. James Lick, of Cali¬
fornia, of Lick Observatory fame, and
some of them were planted at his home
at or near San Jose, others going to
the Shinn nursery at Niles, California.
On this lot of trees was said to be the
terrible pest which has since been called
the San Jose scale. This scale spread
rapidly and trees of the variety were
sent east from the nursery at Niles and
were planted by J. T. Lovett, of New
Jersey. That is how this scale insect
came to get an early start in that State.
I saw some of these trees on the Lovett
farm in 1887, and Mr. Lovett told me,
when showing them to me, that he did
not know why they were growing so
feebly, but in after years we knew the
reason well enough, and why the pest
was scattered far and wide from the
Lovett nursery. It was J. T. Lovett who
gave the variety the name “Abundance,
as I have understood the history, and
if I am wrong will be glad to be cor¬
rected. The name in Japan was Bo-
tankio, so Prof. K. Tamari and other
Japanese people told me at the time the
variety was first coming to public notice,
about 1886. Some gave the name as
simple Botan. Owing to the opinion
among pomologists that this was
thought to be the name of a type or
class of plums in Japan, the name
Abundance was generally accepted as
proper for American use, at least, and
it has stood until this day.
About the Burbank plum I have a
very distinct knowledge of its early his¬
tory and have published the same at
various times and have supposed that
Mr. Burbank and all others acquainted
with the real facts would not be in doubt
or continue to believe or state anything
but the facts. I have thought it well
settled and known generally that this
plum was an importation and not a pro¬
duction by Mr. Burbank. To make it
clear I will state the facts again: Soon
after I organized the Division of Porno-,
logy in the U. S. Department of Agri¬
culture Mr. Burbank and I began a very
interesting correspondence, and he sent
me, among other fruits, specimens of
various plums from trees that he stated
were imported by him from Japan as
little seedlings. As they came into bear¬
ing he sent me the fruit of many kinds,
and the specimens of one number (for
he sent them under numbers for dis¬
tinction) were so much better than all
the rest that I thought the variety
worthy of a name, propagation and trial
and asked Mr. Burbank to allow me to
name it in his honor, as he was the im¬
porter of the original seedling. To this
he readily agreed and I made a descrip¬
tion of the fruit, the first one ever made,
and had it published in my annual re¬
port for 1887 to the head of the De¬
partment, with a colored illustration,
where the same can be seen by anyone
who cares to look it up at any time.
Satsuma is a variety that was intro¬
duced from Japan along with the earliest
importations of plums from that coun¬
try, but just when and by whom I am
uncertain. I showed specimens of it to
Japanese residents visiting in America
about 1887, who told me that the variety
was called Smomo in Japan, that it al¬
ways had red flesh, and was very late.
This is true of it in this country. My
recollection is that I described this plum
in my first annual report as Pomologist,
in 1886.
Shiro is another native of Japan that
was imported some time about 1885 or a
little later. The Japanese told me it is
considered a good plum with them.
Shiro means white or light colored. I
am sorry that about all the Japan plums
have proved a disappointment because
of their inclination to rot and their in¬
ferior quality^. h. e. van deman.
Patching Up a Lawn.
L. E. P., Relay, Md. — I desire some advice
regarding my lawn. The ground was worked
and seeded two years ago this Spring, was
not limed. It now appears to be quite
sour, and the weeds are beginning to get
a good hold and in some places the ground
is entirely bare. Would you advise scat¬
tering hydrated lime or phosphate or both
together, and should I sow seed before or
after fertilizing?
Ans. — If we used any form of lime
at all it would be wood ashes or ground
limestone. As a rule, the application of
lime on top of the sod does little good.
The ground limestone will be more ef¬
fective than most other forms, but we
should not expect to improve the lawn
very much without thickening the stand
of grass. This we have not been able
to do satisfactorily without plowing or
spading and seeding anew. The fertilizer
will help the grass now on the lawn, but
with the best seeding and raking you
will have trouble in getting a new stand
unless you can work up quite large
patches, fit the soil properly and seed
as you would for a new lawn. You can
patch it up by seeding and raking over
after fertilizing, but it will not be entire¬
ly satisfactory.
Preventing Onion Smut.
The Ohio Experiment Station issues a
leaflet on onion smut. This is a disease
spread by spores which attack the plant
just after germination. These spores are
carried from one season to another in the
ground. Onion seedlings started under
glass or sets grown in clean soil are not
affected by the disease. The Ohio Station
finds that a solution of one pound of
formaldehyde in 25 to 33 gallons of water
will prevent the smut. A “drip attachment"
is used on the seed drill, which drops the
solution along the drill as the seed is
planted. Several manufacturers make this
drip attachment for onion seeders. The
Station Bulletin says :
“Homemade attachments may be made
from empty syrup cans inverted, using a
perforated rubber stopper in the outlet,
connected by suitable rubber tubes with a
drawn glass tube point at the end of each.
This rubber tube will require a pinch cock
to shut off the flow, and the point will need
to be set so that the solution falls with
the seed before the earth covers it over.
The profits from smut treatment where any
disease exists are very great, and for this
reason the Experiment Station recommends
it most strongly.”
TATE'! I drilling
TT Lt is Lt MACHINES
YOUR HOME SHOULD
attract attention
If you want to add not only
to the appearance of your
property but to its value, put
up an attractive and durable
REPUBLIC
ORNAMENTAL FENCE
thus combining artistic appear¬
ance, permanence and economy.
Republic are built not only for beauty,
F F" M P V c ^ut ,or u,'l*ty. The fabric
* _ ™ L t o • g made of best quality
heavily galvanized cables and heavy upright
pickets, corrugated only wh* -e they engage
the cablrtf line wires. These features com¬
bine to make a rustproof fabric.
Made in attractive designs, for
either wood or iron posts. Self ad¬
justing to uneven ground and easily
put up.
Write for catalog of Republic Orna¬
mental Fence and Farm Gates.
It’s FREE.
Republic Fence 4 Gate Co.,
211 Republic SL, North Chicago, Ill.
DONT FAIL TO PLANT
SOME OF THE
Meadozvvale Gladioli
THIS SEASON.
Write for Free Illustrated Catalogue at once.
ARTHUR COWEE
Meadowvale Farm, Boa 54, BERLIN, N. Y.
n Alii j AO— TWENTY kinds (my selection) $1.
UHnLlHO Satisfaction guaranteed. Write for
full particulars- H. F. BURT, Taunton. Mass.
PHR QAI c— Cow Peas. $2.50 to $3.00 bushel;
rUll OHLC Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel:
Black-Eyed Peas. $3.00 bushel.
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND . . Milford. Del.
OLYMPIC NATURE NURSERY
Rhododendrons, Madron as, Oregon Grapes, Huckle¬
berries and other wild shrubs, plants and flowers.
By mail, 10 for 50 cents, 24 for $1.00 postpaid.
Money back it not satisfied.
JOEI. SHOMAKEK, Nellita, Washington.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Mary, $2.25 thousand ;
Aroma. Bubacli, Gandy, Oswego, Sample, Success,
Brandywine, $3.25 thousand: Norwood, $7.50 thou¬
sand. Fifty others. Asparagus roots, $2.90 thousand.
All leading varieties Raspberry, Blackberry, Goose¬
berry, Currant, Rhubarb, Vegetable Plants, Fruit
Trees. Everything highest grade. Liberal discount
oji large orders. Catalogue free.
HARRY S. SQUIRES, Remsenbnrg, N. Y.
i Strawberry
800.000 Glen Mary ")
500,000 Climax
500,000 Stevens L.C. ,
200,000 Gandy | PJailtS
100,000 Sample j
5.000 Lots, $1.50 per 1,000
1,000 Lots, $1.75 per 1,000
KEVITTS PLANT FARM AT8!TA
S
TRAWBERRY PLANTS only $1 .50 & $1 .75 per 1000. IUus.
Catalogue Free. S. A. VIRDIN, Harily, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS — New and old varieties. Send
for new Illns. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Del.
STRAWB E RRIES
Plan to have plenty in yonr own garden. 100 plants
in three best varieties, $1.00 postpaid.
Geo. R. Schauber, Box R, Ballston Lake, N. Y.
STRAWBERRY PLAKTS
as grown, $1.50 per 1,000 and up. Descriptive :i!ust.
catalog free. G. E. BUNTING, Selbyvllle.Del.
Dewdrop Everbearing Strawberry
Largest in the World. Bears First Season. Free
circular. H. F. DEW, Albion, Mich.
Over 70 sizes and styles for drilling either deep or list free. W. S. FORD & SON, Hartly, Del.
Over 70 sizes and styles, for dniiing either deep or
shallow wells in any kind of soil or rock. Mounted on
wheels or on sills. With engines or horse powers. Strong,
simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them
easily. Send for catalog.
WILLIAMS BROS., Ithaca, N. Y.
SCALEC1DE ”
If Will positively destroy SAN JOSE SCALE and all
I soft bodied sucking insects without injury to the
■ tree. Simple, more effective and cheaper than
| Lime Sulphur. Not an experiment. One gallon
| makes lti to 20 gallons spray by eimiily adding water.
Send for Booklet, “Orchard Insurance.”
I B. G. PRATT CO., 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY.
BINDER TWINE, 6ic lb. fhTTeT?
made. Farmer agents wanted. Sample
fognefree. THEO. BURT & SONS, Melrose, Ohla
Sweet Potato Plants
& s
April 29,
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
NO TIME TO LOSE
There are Flowers and
Many Kinds of Plants
That You Must Attend to
IN THE SPRING
NOW IS THE SEASON
To learn all about the Special Value of
We are very enthusiastic about having
yon know how our seeds have been care¬
fully cultured to germinate and mature in¬
to plants that show a real pedigree source.
We would like to make a catalog of this
advertisement, but the space does not per¬
mit. So we invite you to write us all about
your garden needs. We will cordially
respond, and send you our new 144 page
illustrated catalog free. We are introduc¬
ing some seasonable seed ’novelties at a
special packet price. Eschscholtzia
Thorburni (California Poppy) the grand¬
est of all Eschscholtzias. We will mail a
packet of this valuable novelty and a copy
of*our beautiful catalogue— the Best Seed
Anjiual published in America— for only 10
cents, stamps or coin. (Regular price of
seed 15 cents packet.) WRITE TODAY.
J.M.THORBURN & CO.
Dept. Y
33 Barclay Street, New York.
ALFALFA
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which we Invite you to get Government test*.
This seed should produce hay at $60 per acre] an¬
nually. Free instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. We
handle export grade only and can furnish grass
mixture suitable for any soils. Write for cat alog.
WING SEED CO., Box 223 Mechanicsburg, O.
PIONEER
S™S
FOR ALL KINDS OF
CLOVER and FiBLD
SEEDS also GARDEN,
FLOWER SEEDS
and Implements
Write to this Old Reliable
House — Catalogue Free
and Field Seed Price List
mailed you on application.
THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEED AND IMPLEMENT CO., Toledo, 0.
SALESMEN WANTED
Free outfit. Commission paid weekly. Write for
terms. PERRY NURSERIES, Rochester, NewYork
Black's Peach Trees-191 1
D. _• 'ai%_>^.Peach Trees are one of our specialties — we«j
Sfafra grow for quality and not quantity alone. Our 1
trees» however, cost little, if any, more than the!
ptjr ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but seljl
direct, saving middleman’s profits.* w ■ ■ ■
New bxiklet, “Springtime andY9lU3Dl6
Harvest for the Fruit-grower,” free, b . ■ •
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co. DOOKlGl
m
f Box V, Hightstown, New Jersey
Sent Free
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS
AT VERY
LOW PRICES
Apples . . . $15.00 per lOO
Peaches ... $8.00 per lOO
Cherries . . . $10.00 per lOO
Strictly First-Class Stock, Government In¬
spected . Write today for our free catalogue
on Fruits and Ornamentals, and buy direct
from the growers. Our trees are grown in that
great nnrserv belt of Ontario County.
ONTARIO NURSERY CO., Inc.
GENEVA, N. Y. Box No. 21
PEARS, APPLES and PEACHES
All selected stock and in perfect condition, at a liberal discount, for the next ten days.
Free Catalog. H. S. WILEY <& SON, Cayuga, NewYork.
PEACH TREES
KLBERTA, CABMAN, HIEI.EY, and all the
leading varieties at prices that will save yon money.
We have APPLE, PEAR, PLUM, and other varieties of
fruit trees also. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO. ISfc™*
NATURAL Ground PHOSPHATE
In Rotating Your
Crops don’t fail
lo apply Natural
F ine-Grou n d
Phosphate when
breaking your clover,
grass or grain stub
sods. sThis is the best
time toapply it to the
soil direct. Add
The right amount
applied just then,
at not over $1.00
per acre cost per
crop, will inc rease
„ each crop grown dur¬
ing the rotation from 50
to 75* Write for free
Booklet, telling all
bout it.
THE FARMERS GROUND ROCK PHOSPHATE
“NEW MODERN” Sanitary STEEL STALLS^
Simple, Strong", and Vermin Proof.
Easily Installed for Concrete Work.
“NEW MODERN” SWING STANCHIONS
Swivel or Chain, Wood or Steel
When open is held firmly in position by automatic latch, yet
when elosed swings easily on metal bearings with every head
movement. Extension bar prevents cattle entering at side.
Plans and Estimates Furnished Free. All
Material and Workmanship Guaranteed.
Write todav for full details and our new catalog covering
LITTER, ENSILAGE and PLATFORM CARRIERS, WATER BASINS
with covers, STEEL STALLS, GATES, TANKS, etc.
Sales Agents for Foster’s “ CHAMPION ” Steel Stanchion
GLOR BROS- & WILLIS MFG- CO-, 91 Main St-, Attica, NewYork
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
641
1911.
WHEN WINTER HURTS APPLE TREES.
S. Androscoggin Co., Me. — What shall I
do with my Wolf River apple trqes? The
branches will turn black, bark split open
and peel off, and then die ; one-third of
apples last season only got about one-half
size, then would shrink and dry up. These
trees are large yielders and about 20 years
old. I would like to save them if possible,
but they are badly affected.
Ans. — The trees in question are prob¬
ably affected by Winter injury, though
it is impossible to be certain of this
without direct examination. The heavy
bearing, with resulting weakened condi¬
tion, would increase their tendency
toward such injury, and the symptoms
are not those of fire blight, to which this
variety is reputed to be rather resistant
anyway. If it is Winter injury, very
little can be done to save the trees. The
most promising measures would be to
prune out the dead and evidently injured
wood, and to try to get more vitality into
the remaining portions. This can prob¬
ably best be done with a moderate dress¬
ing of stable manure, about six or eight
tons per acre, applied about when growth
starts or slightly before. In the pruning
the cuts should be made close to the
parent branch, or just above a lateral
in the case of removing a vertical
branch, whenever this is possible. All
wounds over one inch in diameter should
be painted with a thick, pure lead paint,
without any turpentine or “drier” in it.
This is to reduce evaporation and avoid
fungus attacks. Besides these opera¬
tions, it is essential in avoiding later
Winter injury that the wood be properly
ripened before Winter sets in. If the
orchard is cultivated, this can probably
best be done with a rapid-growing, frost-
killed cover crop, such as large German
millet. This plant remains erect and
holds the snow, which is really the best
frost protection for orchards, so far as a
Winter covering is concerned. It should
be planted so as to get about two months’
growth before frost usually comes. If
the ground is not cultivated, and this
is probably the safer plan where Win¬
ter injury is much of a factor, then the
wood ripening is likely to take care of
itself. It can be regulated somewhat,
however, even under the sod treatment,
by modifying the heights to which the
vegetation is permitted to grow.
Pa. Exp. Station. p. p. Stewart.
Crows that Pull Corn.
The season for planting corn in New
England is approaching, and we would
like to know what is the best thing we can
ase to prevent the crows from pulling up
corn. We find that corn does not come
quite so well if thoroughly tarred, and we
have had experience with crows that would
pull up corn even if they did not eat it.
Perhaps they had been upon the neigh¬
bors’ fields and had received such educa¬
tion that they had fixed the habit so thor¬
oughly that they would not desist from
pulling ours, even if it was distasteful
on account of tar we had put on. On
small pieces we find twine quite success¬
ful, but when we plant fields of 15 to |
25 acres we should have something that
would not hinder so much the cultivating
of the cornfields. We have put out suits of
clothes stuffed with straw, boxes in which a
man with a rifle could hide, nevertheless,
the crows have pulled some corn every year
for us. If you have a remedy that is sure
will you be so kind as to give it to us?
Maine. J. h. r.
Nothing in our experience has been surer
than tarring the seed and this does not
always work. Crows are very bad with us.
There appears to be a “roost’’ nearby. We
are told that if you can catch a crow in
a steel trap at the top of a pole, put a
chain on his leg and fasten him in the field
his cries will drive the rest away. The
following advice is given by a number of
correspondents :
Feeding Crows on Com.
I note you refer to tarring corn to save
It from the crows. I want to enter a word
of protest against this disagreeable prac¬
tice, and I believe it is wholly unnecessary.
I pity the boy or hired man that has to
plant tarred corn on a warm day in May
even when the corn is properly tarred, to
say nothing of the filthy mess that is often
prepared by some. For the boss I have no
sympathy, for as the boys say, it is his
own funeral. I have seen considerable
damage from pulling where corn was well
tarred, as the crows will try hill after
hill even if they do not eat it, and in
some instances I have seen thm eat con¬
siderable after hulling It. For the past
four years I have had no trouble from
pulling where I fed the crows unless the
feeding was neglected until the corn was
up, and we have had just as many or more
crows in the fields these years as hereto-
fore. A half bushel to a bushel of corn
will protect eight or 10 acres in a good
growing season, though more may be nec¬
essary in a cold backward season. Don’t
get the idea that any old corn will do for
crow feed, but take nice, bright sound corn,
just as good as you would take to mill to
have ground for family use, and scatter
through the field just before the corn breaks
the ground, and renew if needed until the
corn is past the stage where the crows will
pull it. Don't get the idea that the crows
have to be poisoned, or be too economical
in the feeding, aud if the first feed is sown
in time I believe you will have no trouble
from pulled corn. I use this method in
protecting my breeding plots where a per¬
fect stand is very essential, and when
properly carried out I have not had a
hill pulled. It is not from any liking for
the crows have pulled some corn every year
but purely from a business standpoint of
dollars and cents, and the satisfaction Oi
having a perfect stand. However, I be¬
lieve the crow does not get full justice and
lives under the ban of strong prejudice
handed down from generation to generation
of mankind. Now and then crows will
catch chickens, and when they do there is
no worse pest to the poultryman, and
here I speak from experience : but I do not
believe all crows contract this habit, and
it would be just as fair to condemn all
Smiths because John Smith is a thief as
it is to condemn all crows because certain
crows catch chickens. There is another
thing in relation to corn planting that I
never could understand, and this is why
anyone should plant three and four or
four and five kernels in a hill. The boss
will give these instructions at planting
time, at least this practice prevails in this
section, and he will sometimes go one bet¬
ter and say, “put from three to five in a
hill.” If three are wanted why put three
to four or three to five? The same farmer
would think his wife crazy if she should
tell him to come to dinner from 11 to 1.
GEO. R. SCIIAUBER.
Preparation for Oats.
I have a field in front of my house
which I would like to sow to oats this Spring.
The field has not, however, been plowed
during the last 15 years, and now has a
thick sod of worthless grass and weeds.
My neighbors advise me not to sow oats
on new ground. Do you think a satisfac¬
tory crop of oats can be grown there with
proper fertilizing? Do you think that it
pays to apply lime to the soil when lime
costs $9 per ton? k. j.
Iiudd Lake, N. .T.
That is not the best soil for oats. We
would rather plant corn, as the first crop
on such land : still you can get a fair crop
of oats if you will fit the soil, lime it and
use a fair amount of fertilizer. We should
in such case use lime at the price you
mention.
A
Makes a
Good Breakfast
Better —
To have some
Post
Toasties
with cream or milk.
For a pleasing change,
sprinkle Post Toasties over
fresh or stewed fruit, then
add cream and you have a
small feast.
“The Memory Lingers”
Postum Cereal Company, Ltd.,
Battle Creek, Mich.
SAVE MONEY, TIME AND LABOR
Before Building, Write for Free Booklet and Samples of
Wall board sheath i NG
LJISHOPRIC WALL BOARD is cheaper and
AJ better than Lath and Plaster; applied winter or
Summer. YOU can easily nail it to studding. Ap¬
plied dry it is at once ready tor paint, paper or burlap,
is clean and sanitary; guaranteed proof against
dampness, heat, cold, sound and vermin.
CONSTRUCTION
Made of kiln-dried dressed
lath, imbedded in hot Asphalt
Mastic, andsurfacedwi th sized
cardboard;is cut atthe factory
into uniform sheets, 4x4 ft. sq.
and three-eighths of an inch
thick. These sheetsfdelivered
in crates) are easilyandquick-
lynailedtostudding. Usedfor
dwellings, pleasure, health re-
sortand factory buildings, new
parti tionsin old buildings, fin¬
ishing attics, cellars, porches.
Applying Wall Board laundries, garages
Pries $2.50 per 100 sq. ft. or $6.40 per crate of 256 sq. ft.
f. o. b. factories. New Orleans, Cincinnati, or Alma, Mich.
Write for Booklet and Free samples cf Wall Board, Sheathing and Roofing
The Mastic Wall Board & Roofing Mfg. Co. 43 E. Third St. Cincinnati, O.
T5ISHOPRIC SHEATHING saves 75 per cent in
•L* materia 1 an d labor. Same as Wal 1 Board , bu t card¬
board surface of Sheathing is not recommended
for decorative purpose; therefore costs less. Quick¬
ly nailed to studs with laths and asphalt exposed.
Shows weatherboards over Sheathing, I
side exposed; also
Bishopric Rooling/
over Sheathing.) *
smooth side
exposed
Makes smooth, solid job. Does away with building
paper. Proof againstheat, cold, dampness. Usedwith
excellent resultsas cheapest and best lining for dairy
barns, poultry houses, stables and other buildings.
Price $2.35 per square of 100 sq.ft, or $6 per crate of 256
sq. ft. f. 0. b. New Orleans, Ciocinpati,or Alma, Micb.
Your Buildings
Are Capital
— just as much as your land.
You would’ nt think of
letting your land run down.
Do you neglect your build¬
ings?
Where the paint has
scaled off, the weather will
soon work ruin.
This spring protect your buildings with
good paint. Be sure your painter uses
“Dutch Boy Painter”
White Lead
and genuine linseed oil. You can find
nothing so protective, lasting and econom¬
ical. Ask your painter.
You can have free our “Helps No. 1508
which tell all you want to know about
paint and painting.
National Lead Company
New York Cleveland Chicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
John T. Lewis A Bros. Co., Philadelphia
National Lead A Oil Co.. Pittsburgh
Hay Unloader
This Hoist is designed to
meet the needs of farmers
who have Gas or Steam
Power, and is of especial
interest for their use in un¬
loading hay and grain, and
in filling the iee house and
storing feed, etc. Write for
full particulars and price.
John Farrell. Newton, N. J.
DIGS ALL THE POTATOES
without rutting them— just enough adjustment to meet
your conditions without currying too much soil. Saves
enough more potatoes, even in small acrcnge to pay for
machine in short time. 1‘erfect separation. Is ns light
draft us any digger can bo. No neck weight. Two styles
made Prices ip 75. 00 to $105.00. No. 1;>0 is the lighter
machine, built on strong but very simple lines— a great
favorite with growers. Separate bearings, easily removed
and cheaply replaced. Operates entirely from the seat.
ISONASE
POT A TO
_ DIGGERS
—rears of actual use in all sorts ot
ed their worth. Write to day for
are not; experiments
conditions have prove-
Anniversary Catalog— complete line of potato tnnehin*
ery, garden wheel lioea and drills, orchard tools. etc
BATEMAN M'F'ii CO.
Box 102-D
GRENLOCH.
STAND
ARD
WELL AND PROSPECTING
DRILLING MACHINERY
43 years’ successfui operation.
Used In nearly ali parts of the
world. We make a complete line
of Drilling Machines and tools
for every condition of earth
and rock drilling and min¬
eral prospecting. Complete
catalogue No. 120 showing over
40 styles of machines free.
THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS
General Office and Works:
„ ^ Aurora, III.
Chicago Office: First National Bank Building.
INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL
75 cents per hundred, $10.00 per ton. F. O. B. Ash-
ville, Pa. Semi for FRICK booklet "How to Grow
Alfalfa.” Dr. H. SOMERVILLE, Chest Spvings,
Cambria County, Pa.
Farmers,
Nitrate of Soda
Sulphate of Potash
the man behind the Plow wants a Good Fertilizer. For the
Land’s sake give him the real Farm Chemical, such
as ;
Muriate of Potash
Kainit
Our 40 years of experience, prompt service, best facilities, are back of every bag of these Genuine Materials.
We advise to buy now, prompt service. Write us for Prices TO-DAY. Any amount from 200-lb. bag up
FARMERS UNITED CHEMICAL CO.,
Box 317, Reading, Pa.
For Orchard and Farm \
All genuine “Cutaways” are intense cultivators and
will increase your crops 25 to 50 percent. Our Double
Action "Cutaway” Harrow is a wonderful invention
—can be used in Held or orchard. Perfect center
draft. Drawn by two medium horses will move the
earth twice on every trip. We can prove it.
“Intensive Cultivation,” our new catalogue is Free.
Send for it today.
CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 839 Main St., Higganum, Conn.
Let Me Pay the Postage on
My Big Free Buggy Book to You
want you
at home
Though these books cost me 21 cents each, yet I’ll gladly send you one free because
to know about Split Hickory Vehicles — made-to-order — sold direct from factory to
on 30 Days’ Free Road Test — guaranteed 2 years.
Book Tells How I Save You $25.00 aunpd on Split Hickory Buggies
—tells why I can save it to you and just where the saving comes in— also tells how I
vehicles more vehicles than you could see in 10 big store rooms. ]
of actual photographs of Vehicles and Harness of every description
Iniyers Guide. It not onlv cnvr»«: fio«r»rir»fir>r»o nriooc
[Mb HBm. _
H, C. Phelps
Vohiclec;-mDrln,f^iit=tfCLyOU and where the saving comes in-also tells how I save at the same ratio on over 100 styles of Split Hickory
Vehicles more veh cles than you could see in 10 big store rooms. Better send for this book, sit down of an evening and look it over. It’s full
raplis of Vehicles and Harness of every description. It’s my latest and best book— for 1911-and it’s truly a
arP hpttpr , °nly eives descriptions and prices in detail, but also tells how good vehicles are made-why they
m 'ay~a11 running parts made of second growth Sheilbark Hickory, split with the grain, not sawed
Genubie French^ a.nd lonsr 'v.eannS Qualities. It tells about one of my latest features-Sheldon
Genuine b rench point automobile springs, making the easiest riding buggy on the market —
even ruling over rough roads is a pleasure with a “Split Hickory.”
.. Laying direct from the factory brings you in touch with the people who make your vehicle.
: .PM°,r cars guarantee is to you direct my 30 Days’ Free Road Test is to you direct — my price
rouadabout transaction as when buying through a dealer— keep the dealer’s
P w5u°t-!?U? odier things with— all meaning a big saving and more satisfaction to
\\ ill y ou let me mail you the book? Will you write for it today? Address me personally
_ _ H. C. Phelps, President,
THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO., STATION 290, COLUMBUS, OHIO
Split Hickory
Vehicles Sold f
Direct fron
Factory to
Flome.
from
v to sC
30 Days’ Free
Road Test— "f.
Two Years
Guarantee.
642
THE RURAL NEW-YORKEH
April 29,
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE
Is one day recently, 1,175,000 pounds of
fish and 48,000 pounds -of lobsters were
landed at the port of Boston. The lobsters
came from Nova Scotia.
At Duluth, Minn., the Government has
extensive fish hatcheries. The output from
these this Spring will be about 33,000,000
young fry; 10.000,000 whitefish ; 15,000
pike, and 8,000,000 trout.
Postal Savings Banks. — There are 48 of
these institutions in the United States at
present, and on April 1 8201,901, in 4,307
accounts, were on deposit in these banks.
The most extensive patronage was in the
West, though in one Massachusetts town of
7,000 inhabitants, 250 accounts were regis¬
tered.
Paper currency to the value of about $3,-
000, 000 was sent from the New York Sub-
Treasury to Washington for redemption on
April 17. This was torn or badly worn
and sulk'd money. This is but a small
fraction of the disgracefully dirty paper
money (truly ‘'filthy lucre”) in circulation
throughout the country. Two special
reasons why these dirty bills should be
redeemed are that they are carriers of
disease and that they help counterfeiters,
as they are able to work off poor imitations
by making them look worn and soiled.
Old money sent to the Treasury Depart¬
ment, Washington, D. C., will be redeemed
without charge in cases where the holders
are not located where the change can be
made conveniently at banks.
Slack Pork Business. — The year ending
March 31 showed a decided falling off in
pork trade, the total decrease being nearly
2,400,000 hogs.
Live Poultry Dealers. — “I wish to get
the names of some wholesale live poultry
dealers who handle poultry as per quota¬
tions in the R. N.-Y. G. a.
Connecticut.
The names of several concerns that are
considered reliable have been sent the in¬
quirer, but we cannot guarantee that any
of them will buy or sell at the prices
named. Effort is made to give figures rep¬
resentative of actual sales at the time, but
there is perhaps no other element in the
produce trade about which there is so much
uncertainty. Prices may run along without
much change for several weeks, and then
rapid and violent changes may occur, so
that one day’s figures may be of no account
the next day. The buyers and sellers are
frequently so much at odds regarding prices
that a day or two is spent in hanging back
and shopping around before either., -'vboth
will make the concessions necessary'Yo do
business. Of course, this method of making
prices is not confined to the live poultry
trade. Dealers in potatoes, apples and other
produce often have more or less of a
"talkfest” on hand before sales can be
made, and here is where experience and
knowledge of human nature counts. The
dealer who is best informed on general
market conditions and able to size up_ his
customer's limits gets the highest prices.
It is a delicate matter to know just when
to let a possible customer go and when to
make concessions to him. Some dealers
have the practice of making a sale anyway,
even though at a price below their judg¬
ment as to values. This keeps the goods
moving, and on an average is perhaps bet¬
ter than the opposite plan. w. w. H.
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending April 21, 1911.
HOTTER
The market is firm, prices on the better
grades running one to two cents above last
w eek.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 22 © .23
Good to Choice . 19 @ -21
Lower Grades . 15 & .18
Storage . 15 @ .20
Stale Dairy, best . 20 © .21
Common to Good . 11 @ -18
Factory . 14 @ -16
Packing Slock . 12 <§i .15
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 21 cents.
Boston, western creamery. 22*4 cents.
Philadelphia, western creamery, 23 cents.
CHEESE
Arrivals of old cheese are lighter, with
a slightly improved market. Receipts of
new cheese moderate.
.Full Cream, best. Fall made . 14 ® .15
Common to Good . 12 ® .13
New Made . . . 09 Vj .10)4
Skims . 05 ® .10
EGGS
No improvements in price is noted,
though the market has developed a some¬
what stronger tone. Storage is going on
actively, April eggs being considered es¬
pecially desirable for this purpose.
White, good to choice.
. . 18
(5) .21
Mixed Colors, best .
<§) .18
Common to Good .
. 15
® .17
Western, best .
(Si .18
Under grades .
. 12
(8) .15
Duck eggs, dozen .
. 21
© .25
Goose eggs, dozen .
BEANS
. 40
% .50
Business is very
erally weak except
dull and market gen-
on Red Kidney.
Marrow, 100 lbs .
f© 3.75
Medium .
'a) 3 .55
Pea .
@ 8.60
Yellow Eye .
@ 3.65
Red Kidney .
© 5.75
WhiteKidney .
. . 5.00
© 5.10
Lima, California .
. 6.60
® 6.70
HOPS
Practically nothing doing, as holders are
unwilling to sell at present prices.
Prime to Choice . 29 (?) .30
Common to Good . 26 ® .28
Pacific Coast . 21 @ .22
German Crop, 1910 . 60 (a) .53
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 © .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRUITS
A little jobbing business is noted, but
at irregular prices.
Apples, evap. prime . 12 ® 13
Kvap., com. to good . 06 @ .11
Still Dried . 06 ® .07)4
Chops . 07 © .08
Cores and Skins . 07 M® -07)4
Raspberries . 28 <?> .30
Cherries . 15 © .18
FRESH FRUITS
Apples, both nearby and western stocks
are slightly higher. Strawberries from
Florida running very poor.
Apples. Russet, bbl . 3,00 @ 5.00
Greening . 4.00 © 7.00
Baldwin . 4.(10 @ 6.50
Ben Davis . 3. 50 @ 5.50
Spy . 4.00 © 6.50
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.75 ® 2.75
Spitz, box . 1.75. @ 2.50
ltome, box . 2.00 ® 2 75
Black Ben. box . 1 75 <3 2.50
Gano. box . 2.00 ® 2.35
Cranberries —
Cape Cod. bbl . '2.01 ©14.00
Jersey, bbl . II. Ml (*12.00
Strawberries, Fla., qt . 03 ® .20
Other Southern . .09 @ .20
Oranges, Fla. box . 3 25 © 4.25
Porto Rico . 2.50 © 2.75
California . 2.50 ® 4.00
Grape Fruit, Fla. box . 2.60 @ 3.75
Pineapples. Havana, 18s . 2.75 @ 3 00
Porto Rico, 24s . 2.25 (?) 3.50
VEGETABLES
Old potatoes in large supply but held
firmly at prices named. Market on new
Southern potatoes is weak. New onions
arriving in large quantities from Texas
and Mexico, quality irregular. Asparagus
more plentiful and market weak. Southern
new cabbage very dull, several ears being
abandoned as not worth freight.
Potatoes— N. Y. State. 180 lbs . 1.75 ® 2.00
Maine . 1 -75 'a 2.12
Southern, new. No. 1. bbl . 4.25 © 4.75
Southern, new, No. 2, bbl . 3.00 @ 3.75
Sweet, Jersey, bkt . 1.00 ® 2X0
Asparagus, Southern, f ’ey doz . 8.25 © 3 75
Good to prime . 2.00 © 3X0
Calif., green, fancy . 3.00 © 4.00
Calif., green, common to good . 2.60 ® 3.50
Beets, new’, 100 bunches . 2.5(1 © 4.00
Carrots, bbl . 2.00 ® 3.00
Southern, new, 100 bunches . 2.00 © 3.00
Cabbage — old, ton . 3.1.0 © 4.00
New, Southern, bbl . 80 © 1.00
Chicory, bbl . 8.50 <<i 5 00
Cucumbers. Fla. bu . 1.50 ® 2.00
Escarol, )4 bbl. bkt . 1. 00 ©2.00
Kale, bbl . 65 ©100
Kohlrabi, Southern, 100 bunches . -1.00 (?) 5.0(1
Lettuce, )4-bbl. bkt . 75 (?) 2 00
Peppers, Southern, bu . 1.00 @ 2.25
Horseradish, 100 lbs . 4 00 @ 7.00
Okra. Fla. Carrier . 2.00 (?) 3.00
Onions, old, yellow, bag . 3.75 © 4.25
Texas, new, crate . 1-25 © 1.85
White, bu . 75 © 1.50
Peas. Fla., bu . LOO © 3.00
Radishes, 8’n. H bbl.- bkt . 25 © .65
Rhubarb, 100 bunches. . 3.00 © 6.00
Komaine. Southern, )4 bbl . I CO & 2.25
Salsify, 100 bunches . 4X0 @ 5.00
String Beans, bu.... . LOO @ 4.00
Spinach, bbl . 25 © .65
Squasn, bbl . 1.75 © 2.50
Turnips. Rutabaga, bbl . 75 @ 1.25
White, bbl . LOO ©1.50
Leeks, Southern, ]00 bunches . 4.00 © 5.00
Kgg Plants, Fla., box . 2.00 © 2.25
Parsnips, bbl . 1.00 <§> 1.25
Parsley bbl . 2.00 © 2.50
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 1.50 ® 1.70
( Continued on paye 555)
ff A Roof of Slate Never ^
Attracts Lightning
Think of the risks — the fire losses —
endangerments of life, stock and property
that a roof of slate on your home, barn or
out-bnildlngs will forever eliminate.
Think of having a roof that lightning, sun,
fire, water, snow, ice, or the action of air cannot
affect— that cannot warp, crack, rust or decay.
Think of having a roof of natural rock, that
is solid, enduring, ornamental; that lowers fire
insurance premiums; increases property valua¬
tions; betters the appearance of any building it
covers and never wears out, and you must
think of —
Sea Green and Purple
Roofing Slate
The one roofing by which all patent or artifi¬
cial roofing preparations are compared — by which
the test of service and satisfaction of any roof¬
ing material is judged— is Sea Green and
Purple Slate.
Don’t allow the misleading low first cost of
these cheap roofings to prevent you from having a
roof that lasts forever— that will never need
repairing. Specify Slate and settle your roofing
problem for the balance of your life.
Send Today for Free Booklet “Roots*’
Investigate the Roofing question. Get the
unbiased opinions and experiences of practical
men, of building experts now. Send for our book¬
let '‘Roofs.” Simply tell us the name of yonr
nearest roofer and your copy of this booklet will
be mailed absolutely Free.
The American Sea Green Slate Co.
V
( Roofs That Never Wear Out)
llO Clark Street , Granville, M. Y.
FROST
WIRE FENCES
STRbNGTH, SERVICE and SATISFACTION
woven in every rod of our fence.
We combine best grade of material
with expert workmanship. Moat laatr
lag: fence made. Free catalog upon
request. Ask your dealer.
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.
Dept. H Cleveland, O.
RIFE
RAM
A Water Supply
solves many farm troubles.
Have plenty of water with¬
out pumping expense or
bother— just install an auto¬
matic Rife Ram . Raises water
30 ft. for each foot of fall— no
trouble or pumping expense.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Booklet, plans, estimate. Free.
Rife Engine Co, 2429rrinity Bdg., N.Y.
UIC
Highest Grade— Sanitary
Not a particle of wood about them
"uiek to open — Quick to close —
uick to please — Quick shipments.
Ask for 1910 Catalogue.
BOWEN & WICK. Mfrs. Auburn, N. Y.
9
Q'
This valuable
book is free to all
Do not buy your roofing until after you
see our new catalog of Steel Roofing and
read about our plan of selling direct from
our own large roofing factory to you.
We Pay All Freight, ship you absolute¬
ly brand new, perfect roofing and in dealing
direct with the factory you receive the
benefit of the quickest service and lowest
prices given anywhere.
Send today for free catalog, free samples
of Steel Roofing and complete list of
prices including freight charges to your
nearest railroad station.
You can positively save money in buy¬
ing direct from us.
The Ohio Gedvaniz in$ & Mfg. Co.
No. 3 Ann
Niles.Ohiq,
POR SALE— A rare chance to secure a most de-
•*- sirable Stock and (up-to-date) Poultry Farm,
about 117 acres, completely equipped, for less than
cost of buildings and recent improvements. loca¬
tion: Chester County, Penna.; convenient to Phila¬
delphia. Situation ideal. No further expenditure
needed. For full particulars address: JOHN P.
SAUTTER, Manager, Chester Springs, Penna.
m
i
m
ft.
I
I
£
i
"
j§
f
W:
1
w
rjrv
8
M
v.Y
%
The DAIN Vertical
Lift Mower
leads all others. It’s easy on the
horses, convenient to handle, and so
strongly made that it will be doing
duty years after other mowers have
gone to the scrap heap.
Its Compensating Gears and Cutter
Bar Realigning Device are successful
examples of the wonderful inventive
genius of Mr. Joseph Dain. The gears
are so mounted In relation to each
other that perfect balance and true
mesh are permanently insured and
the crank shaft is relieved of all end
thrust, preventing lost motion, re¬
ducing draft and mutiplying cutting
power. That is why the Dain Mower
runs lightly and cuts wliereothers fail.
Other points of superiority are: Ad¬
justable Draft Hitch; Automatic Clutch
Shifter; Long Pitman and extra large
Knife Head.
The Vertical Li ft Is bo handy to operate a boy
can raise the cutter bar with ease. It Is the
only mower you can realign, yourself, right In
the field with your wrench. This practical
adjustment for maintaining the cutter bar in
line with tKS pitman, means added efficiency
and years of extra service.
The Pain is the mower that will give you
complete satisfaction.
Consult the nearest Dain dealer; learn all
about this greatest of all Mowers, and about
the entire line of Dain Hay Tools, Loaders.
Side Delivery Rakes, Stackers, Sweep ltakes.
Presses: every one the best of its kind.
We make best hay tools because we’ve been
specializing on them for over a quarter of a
century.
Send for full particulars and a free copy of
uAll About Hay,” the most completo and
practical booklet on the subject every written.
Write today. A postal card will do.
AIN MFG. CO.
802 VINE STREET
OTTUMWA, - IOWA
Farms ™ BEST paets of new york
Dairy r amu> State. We have them all sizes and
all prices. Send for free catalog.
NORTHERN REALTY CO., Syracuse, N. Y.
150 Farris
FOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile
Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
Canadian Pacific Offers YOU
Farm in Sunny Alberta Near Existing
^^^rRailway Lines
^ The last chance fot a
first selection of low-
priced land in Central
Alberta near existing
railway lines.
THOUSANDS of home seek¬
ers and shrewd investors
have snapped up all the
former tracts offered by
the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Tin's new one just now opened is
your best chance. Here you'll
The
Alberta
Home-Maker
find American neighbors — 400,000 acres in this district were bought by American
home seekers during 1910. Now vve offer 2,000,000 additional acres — the pick of
the Province, the finest wheat land on the continent — where farms are often paid
for with one season’s crops — where climate, soil, transportation and markets
combine to build fortunes fast. The eyes of the world are on this country. Yet
right here by the railroad, among neighbors, where good roads, schools and all
sound social conditions are established, we offer you a farm at $12 to $25 an Acre.
Three Ways of Buying Your Farm
— at Your Option
FOR INVESTMENT— One-Sixth Cash, Balance in Five Equal
Annual Installments.
DEVELOPMENT BY SETTLER-One-Tenth Cash, Balance in Nine
Equal Annual Installments.
CROP PAYMENT PLAN — Making You a Partner with the Cana¬
dian Pacific Railway, One-Tenth Cash, Balance by Crop Payment —
NO CROP— NO PAY.
Think of it! Such an offer of the choicest of "The Last Best
West.” Half a million Americans, mostly far-seeing farmers,
have recently come to Canada for the new, richer land, the
tremendous crops, the quicker results, the marvelous increase
in property valties.
The gate is unlocked to the best great tract of virgin land In Sunny
Alberta. Districts previously sold are making fortunes for American > . nrNNlS
farmers who realize that Western Canada is the future source of wheat <r ••
supply for the United States. * Alberta Land Dept.,
j Canadian Pacific
Send Free Book Coupon Now * 342 9th Ave„ West,
r / Calgary, Alberta.
Of all our land offerings this Is the greatest— but it will be the s Please send me free,
shortest. Thousands are watching for the chance. First come— first y vour book of opportunity
served; earliest arrival— biggest value— quickest results. Tear oil/ ‘•aihsrtn Hand Book” and
the coupon and send to me now for the book of opportunity— . ,, latest
"Alberta Hand Book”— and all the facts about this land of home . all facts about your latest
and fortune. Address r land offer.
*
J. S. Dennis, Manager, Alberta Land Dept., f Name . . . .
Canadian Pacific Railway, /
342 9th Ave., West, Calgary, Alberta, Can.
Town
R. F. D. ..
. . . State.
I
■
i
. .
=1
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
5-4.i
1911-
L1ME-SULPHUR AND ARSENIC ON PEACH
Last Spring (1910), besides our regu¬
lar system of spraying we sprayed our
orchard especially for curculio. We used
a solution of commercial lime-sulphur
in proportion of one gallon to 200 gal¬
lons of water; arsenate of lead, five
pounds to 100 gallons, and five pounds
of hydrated lime to 50 gallons. The
spray was applied with a power sprayer,
relief valve set at 125 pounds pressure,
and fine nozzles used. From experi¬
ments made in 1909 in co-operation with
Mr. Wallace (Cornell Bulletin 288) we
learned that the effect of commercial
lime-sulphur on peach foliage depended
considerably on the method of applica¬
tion. When high pressure was used in
connection with fine nozzles, so as to
produce a “fog,” or mist, the danger of
leaf injury is greatly reduced. It may
be remarked in passing that to use such
a solution as that described above so as
to produce good results, effective and
continuous agitation is necessary. It
was observed also that when the spray
accumulated at the axil of the leaf it
was more apt to fall. A fine mist largely
avoids this drenching. The spray was
applied as the calyces (shucks) were
falling. No detrimental effect from the
spray appeared until after there or four
weeks. Then symptoms of leaf-burn,
with shot-holing, appeared, and some of
the foliage began to fall. We estimated
that from 10 to 20 per cent of the
leaves were lost, the percentage varying
in different varieties. As the trees were
well fruited this year this gave me some
anxiety. We at once took measures to
counteract the effect of defoliation, and
to minimize the danger by cultivation
and fertilization.
In doing this we started another ex¬
periment in the use of fertilizers. Nitrate
of soda, was used on part, complete fer¬
tilizer (home-mixed) 2, 8, 6 on part, and
stable manure on part. The season was
dry, and by cultivation a dust mulch was
maintained, but the lack of rain pre¬
vented the fertilization from producing
as good results as it should have done.
However, the outcome was that a large
percentage of the trees put out new
leaves, and the fruit all matured well so
that no actual loss of any of the crop
was experienced. The long time en¬
suing between spraying and evidence of
leaf injury indicates that the damage
was not by the lime-sulphur, but by the
arsenical. The use of arsenate of lead
and lime without the lime-sulphur would
probably have been better ; and also a
less amount of the poison might have
been better.
We have used commercial lime-sulphur
for brown rot in proportions of 1-200
and 1-300, with 10 pounds hydrated lime
to each 100 gallons of spray, and have
controlled the rot. The affection, how¬
ever, was not serious. In my opinion,
commercial lime-sulphur in strengths not
exceeding 1-200 can be applied to peach
foliage if proper precautions are taken
in preparation and application and no
damage result. But in view of that “if”
there is another and a better way, viz.,
the use of self-boiled lime-sulphur. I
would advise every peach grower to se¬
cure a copy of Farmers’ Bulletin 440,
issued March 27, 1911, by the U. S. De¬
partment of Agriculture, entitled
“Spraying Peaches for the Control of
Brown Rot, Scab and Curculio.” Its
authors are W. M. Scott and A. L.
Quaintance and it appears to be the
latest word on the subject from official
sources, and it is very valuable. It can
be procured through Members of Con¬
gress or by application direct to the
Secretary of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. D. H. AYERS.
Nitrogen and “Ammonia.”
A !'■ H., Cherry Tree, Pa. — Will you tell
us the difference between ammonia and nitro¬
gen? Some fertilizer companies call it am¬
monia and some nitrogen.
Ans. — This seems to puzzle many
farmers. Nitrogen is a single, definite
element of plant food. What we call
‘ammonia” is a combination of nitro¬
gen and another element called hydro¬
gen. This hydrogen is of no value as
plant food, but it combines in the pro¬
portion of three parts to one of nitro¬
gen to form ammonia. Nitrogen is 14
tunes as heavy as hydrogen. Thus you
will see that if you had a pound of
ammonia, 14-17 of it, or put in another
way, 82.5 per cent, of it would be nitro¬
gen. Or if you had a pound pf nitro¬
gen and added the three parts of hydro¬
gen, you would have instead of 16
ounces about 19 1-3 ounces, or an in¬
crease of. 21 per cent. The fertilizer
dealers give the per cent, of nitrogen
and then the per cent, of ammonia in
order to make a larger showing for their
goods. Suppose they guaranteed two
per cent, of nitrogen, or 40 pounds. We
see from the above figures that this
would make 2.42 per cent , or 48 pounds
of ammonia. There would be no in¬
crease in its value, for nothing but the
nitrogen is actual plant food. It would
be like a woman making candy — using
16 ounces of sugar and boiling it with
three ounces of butter. She would have
19 ounces of candy, but no more sugar
than before. The thing to remember
is that nitrogen is what we .want to pay
for. We would pay no attention to the
guarantee of ammonia, but figure the
nitrogen alone.
Hen Manure and Wood Ashes.
F. E. G., Groton, Mass. — Can you tell me
whether wood ashes and hen manure com¬
bined could be used on a kitchen garden
with success? I have plenty of that kind
of fertilizer, and want to plant a small
garden this year.
Ans. — This question is asked at least
500 times each year. Both wood ashes
and hen manure are farm products, and
one supplies what the other lacks. The
ashes contain potash, phosphoric acid
and lime, while the hen manure is
strong in nitrogen. It is the worst prac¬
tice, however, to mix the two together
before using. This is just what you
ought not to do. The lime in the ashes
will act to set the ammonia in the hen
manure free. If this is done before the
mixture is put on the soil the ammonia
will be lost. If on the other hand the
hen manure is worked into the ground
several inches deep, and then the wood
ashes spread and raked or harrowed in
there will be no loss. The lime will stiil
act to set the ammonia free, but, being
in the soil, it will be safely held tiiere
for the crops. Thus the way to use hen
manure and ashes is to apply them sep¬
arately and work both into the soil.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
DAME NATURE HINTS
YVlieii the Food Is Not Suited.
When Nature gives her signal that
something is wrong it is generally with
the food ; the old Dame is always faith¬
ful and one should act at once.
To put off the change is to risk that
which may be irreparable. An Arizona
man says :
“For years I could not safely eat any
breakfast. I tried all kinds of breakfast
foods, but. they were all soft, starchy
messes, which gave me distressing head¬
aches. 1 drank strong coffee, too, which
appeared to benefit me at the time, but
added to the headaches afterwards.
Toast and coffee were no better, for I
found the toast very constipating.
“A friend persuaded me to quit coffee
and the starchy breakfast foods, and use
Postuin and Grape-Nuts instead. I shall
never regret taking his advice.
“The change they have worked in me
is wonderful. T now have no more of the
distressing sensations in my stomach
after eating, and I never have any head¬
aches. I have gained 12 pounds in
weight and feel better in every way.
Grape-Nuts make a delicious as well as a
nutritious dish, and I find that Postum
is easily digested and never produces
dyspepsia symptoms.’
Name given by Postum Co., Battle
Creek, Mich.
Get the little book, “The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”
Ever read the above letter? A new one
appears from time to time. They are genu¬
ine, true, and full of human interest.
Farmer Buys An Auto
With His Buckeye
THIS letter was received from a
Buckeye owner. It is only
one of many letters that praise
the earning powers of the Buckeye.
We have compiled these letters into a
booklet and will be glad to send you
a copy.
Oak Harbor, O., Dec. 24, 1910.
Gentlemen: —
Yours of the 22ml at hand. T enclose a photo
of my BUCKEYE machine and also a photo of
my anto, which T would not have if I had not
bought a BUCKEYE DITCHER.
I have operated my machine for four years
and it paid all debts to me the second year.
The largest amount of ditch dug in a single
day was 180 rods. I have dug 99 rods ip one
trench in five hours, depth about 2 feet, at 14
cents per rod. I have no account of any one
week or one month. A. P. Pierson.
R. P. I). No. 1,
The Buckeye Traction Ditcher will
net you from $15.00 fo $18.00 a day,
digging ditches in your neighborhood.
There is no trouble keeping the
machine busy. The old expensive
method of hand labor is a thing of the
past. The Buckeye digs from 100 to
150 rods a day at a saving of from
twenty-five to fifty per cent. The
ditches are truer and of perfect level.
Our catalogue No. 3 for the asking.
The Buckeye Traction Ditcher Co-
Findlay, Ohio
Try the DELI N
Wf/? Ybur Money /nVoi/rPoctef
Try it for 30 days on your own roads; then,
if you iind It entirely satisfactory , you pay
us. Buggies--all stvles—and harness at lowest
wholesale prices, direct to you, on approval.
No Cash With Order— No Deposit
“DELiIN” offers more liberal terms and
better values than you can get elsewhere.
Our FREE 1911 Catalog r5- -.full information. Shows
metal auto seat bufirgries ai .dreda
of other dandy atylen . Get acquainted
with tho values wo offer also with our
exclusive “DELIN'* terms. Write for
FREE CATALOG Today.
The Delia Carriage Co.
17 3®, Central Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio
LAND LIME
$3.50 PER TON
Land Lime is finely pulverized; ready to drill;
needs no slaking; is easy to handle; contains one-
third Quick Lime and two-thirds Carbonate of
Lime. It contains more lime than marl or ground
limestono or Hydrated Lime. It will not injure
new seeding.
Land Lime is the cheapest fertilizer you can
buy. One ton of Land Lime will set free the high-
priced fertilizers that are locked up in the soil.
Land Lime warms and sweetens sour soils. (Most
of our soils are sour, as is shown by the presence
of moss and sorrel grass.) Land I.ime aids the
decomposition of humus and loosens up tho clay
soils. Land Lime will increase the yield of
Clover, Alfalfa, Cabbages, Timothy. Beets, etc.
band Lime is absolutely necessary for Alfa Ifa.
You cannot grow Alfalfa without lime and Alfalfa
is the best paying crop on the farm. It is the only
forage crop that will take the place of grain.
Write for circulars and samples.
THE SOLVAY PROCESS COMPANY
SVR/ICUSE, IM. V.
E3
Write Today
We want every farmer in the land to have
our attractive Free Booklet on hay loaders.
It’s full of interesting facts and illustrations.
It shows plainly why the simple, light run¬
ning “GEARLESS” Hay Loader is the cheap¬
est to buy, the easiest to operate, the most
durable and altogether the most satisfactory
loader for heavy hay, windrows, light hay,
clover, alfalfa or beans.
It’s the loader that can be depended upon
every hour during the haying season. “No
time out for repairs.”
Let us send you our Free Booklet at once.
Write us today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILL.
BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY
Potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, cantaloupe.
B" - ' ’ n*uita, orchards, can be sprayed , at
snout, comparative cost for protection against
blight, bugs, scale, etc. .with an "IKON AGB”
8PBAYEK. Also, actually increases tho
yield. The machine ie adjustable to various
width rows — solution thoroughly mixed—
delivered in a tine spray that covers the plant
— single or double acting pumps — three, four-, six or oovea
r.ws— one or two horses— 55 or 100 gallon steel or wood
tanks. Has orchard attachment and many others.
IRQHAQtf
Farm and Garden Tools
are practical, effective, economical
They give permanent satisfac¬
tion. We have been making
the dependable kind for 75 ./A
years. Formulas for ■•■'Ay i
solutions furnished on ** c(cfj3'
applii ation. Write for //A'
our -free Anniversary AlpSy
Catalog showing pota¬
to machinery, horse hoes, cultivators and complete line
of garden drills, wheel hoes, orchard tools, etc.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO. Box 1029 Grenlocli. N. J.j
I_i I M E
FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Mixtures of Potash, Phosphate Rock and Lime of
different proportions
LAND PLASTER
PHOSPHATE ROCK,
AGRICULTURAL SALT, Etc.
ALL GUARANTEED
AGENTS WANTED
Caledonia Chemical Co., Caledonia, N. V.
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE.
. . . MANUFACTURKD ONLY BY . . .
* The Rogers & Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.
Send for free Almanac telling all about
Hubbard’s “ Bone Base” Fertilizers.
New England Corn Growers!
THE COE-MORTIMER PRIZES, AMOUNTING TO $500.00
For the Most Profitable Acre of Field Com Are Open In All of You
It Makes No Difference Whose Fertilizer You Use, or How Much Per Acre
At the urgent request of the Mass. Corn Show we have agreed to offer the $500.00 in three prizes _
1st, $250.00; 2nd, $150.00; 3rd, $100.00. COPY OF PLAN and our handsome annual memorandum
booklet sent free on request. WRITE AT ONCE FOR INFORMATION SHEET and ENTRY
BLANKS to PROF. WM. D. HURD, SECRETARY, MASS. CORN SHOW, care of Mass.
Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. (Competition will close on or before November 1st, 1911.)
THE COE-MORTIMER COMPANY
Sole Manufacturers of the Celebrated E. FRANK COE FERTILIZERS and PERUVIAN BRANDS
24-26 STONE STREET . NEW YORK CITY
644
April 29,
Hope Farm Notes
A drizzle of rain with grey sky over¬
head and mud underfoot was what we
found waiting for us in northern New
Jersey on April 14. That is about the
meanest weather combination which our
country can produce, yet I question if
any previous glimpse of a promised land
could qufte equal Hope Farm in the
eyes of the Hope Farmers. They had
just finished a long and rough ocean
voyage from Florida. The boat had
been held back by high winds, and
finally crawled into New York nearly a
day behind. I had a wireless message
from them, so I knew they were safe,
but in that boiling and heaving water it
seemed to them at times as if the ship
were standing on its head !
At last the hard voyage was ended.
It had its uses in giving them a higher
appreciation of home. It was indeed a
blessed sight — tlje narrow farm climb¬
ing the steep lull, the trees crowning
the top, the house and pleasant lawn and
the flag flying from the new pole. The
weather was changing, too, and just a
little slab of sunshine lay on the hill
tops. It was just the sort of a home¬
coming that one would like. Merrill
had the house clean and warm, and
without fuss or delay the Hope Farmers
proceeded to fall into the old life.
You should have seen the children
running about to investigate. The
turkeys, the hens and the horses were all
in good shape, the trees never looked
better, the grass was standing thick and
strong. You could notice the rye a mile
away. The young alligators which the
boys brought with them are lively and
strong, though I do not expect to have
any to sell for some years. When I got
home I found two of the little boys far
up by the spring with their wagons—
just sitting on a rock and looking down
the hill — too happy even to play! Yes,
indeed, Hope Farm seemed like the
promised land to all our people, and
they all came back ready to help make
the promise real and true. All hands,
down to the little red heads, will have
a regular and responsible part of the
job. Everybody works and everybody
plays at Hope Farm. The thing to do
is to keep the two operations separated.
In former years the larger boys have
kept up the wood supply and kept the
lawns clean. Now these big boys will
graduate from these jobs out into the
field, while the little boys will come for¬
ward. We have a big shed well stuffed
with sawed wood. The boys will have
their little axes and split and deliver
this wood to the kitchen as needed.
Every child will have some little re¬
sponsibility and will be held .up to it.
That is the only way in which a big
family like ours can hope to get along.
Right now Hope Farm is feeding and
sheltering seven adults and 10 children.
From the fat red-headed baby of 15
months to the grizzled old veteran of
undetermined age this makes an army
requiring good organization and drill.
Yet, when well drilled and organized,
it is the sort of army a farm ought to
carry. I should not like to think of the
10 Hope Farm children growing up in
the city.
What are we planning to do in order
to provide food and labor for such a
company? Now is the time when every
farmer should make his plans. Fruit is
the main crop at Hope Farm. This is
the bearing year for some 300 older
trees, while about 1,000 younger trees
will, or ought to, begin to give some
fruit. There are something over 500
peach trees that are now well loaded
with buds, and about as many more
younger trees coming on. All these are
to be sprayed and cared for. Some are
cultivated and others are mulched. Our
children are taught never to throw away
anything that might feed or mulch a
tree. Everything is piled under the
fruit trees. Waste from the kitchen,
pumpings from the cesspool — everything
that will decay is used in the orchards.
The wet wastes are cultivated or
spaded in — the dry stuff left on top to
hold moisture. Weeds from the garden
or strawberry beds are put in baskets
and put around trees with coal ashes
over them. Of course I understand that
many expert fruit growers will smile at
such methods, but what we want to do is
to make every foot of our lower farm
produce as much as a yard under or¬
dinary cultivation, and do it with the
labor of our own family, if possible.
Right now it looks like a good income
from the trees. There are now about
2J4 acres of strawberries, including the
potted plants set last Fall. These last
are not at their best — the others are
fair. We shall try to keep them clean.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
The chances are for a good crop of Mar¬
shalls and in late July or August we
expect to plant over an acre more. We
also have a good trade in potted plants,
which often lasts until late in Septem¬
ber. Picking berries and potting plants
make good work for our young folks.
They can make far more at it than at
growing corn or potatoes. Then we
plan an acre or so of Prizetaker onions.
The plants are now in the cold frames
and making fair growth. Early in May
they will be transplanted in good soil,
well prepared and given the best cul¬
ture that we have in us. If we run
short of seedlings we shall use sets to
complete the field. On smaller fields we
have grown enormous crops of such
onions, but there are no brags coming
of what this year will come to. The
job is well suited to our class of labor,
and we will try to do it right. Later,
after the clover is cut, we plan to try
an acre or so of celery or Brussels
sprouts. Of course the garden will be
the mainspring of it all, for we expect
to get at least half the Summer’s food
out of the vegetables. Tf we cannot have
our choice of a dozen vegetables for at
least 100 days it will be a great disap¬
pointment. The garden will be double
cropped — that is, the first crops in wide
rows with a second and even a third put
in between. We also plan to plant about
10 barrels of potatoes. These will be
planted in small patches here and there,
wherever a piece of strong land becomes
available. Practically every part of the
farm is covered with rye. This can be
plowed under and the ground planted in
early potatoes. They can be taken out
in time to plant potted strawberries,
either close together or wide enough
apart for a row of turnips between the
strawberry rows. For the past few
years we have suffered greatly from
drought, and T am trying to figure out
a plan for irrigating about five acres of
the lower farm. We shall have to come
to it sooner or later, but first the soil
must be thoroughly drained and made
smooth.
On the whole, Hope Farm starts the
season with good prospects. We have
made what we call good plans for each
field or piece of ground — now see if we
can execute them. The weather thus far
has been bad. When our folks got back
nothing was planted. Wc were ready to
sow oats and put peas in the garden,
but the soil was not ready for us. It
will soon warm up and then we can get
going. The fruit buds are still dormant
— quite a little behind last year in de¬
velopment. That’s a good thing, and
we are to that extent thankful for the
cold weather. The time has come, how¬
ever, to warm up, and T hope by next
week to give a record of actual work.
h. w. c.
S e nd for this Catalog
NEW YORK STATE WAGONS
at Wholesale Prices
Shows 200 Styles of Wagons— All
High Grade
We sell direct to you from our factory
and thereby save you $20 to $40. Any
wagon will be sent
for free examina¬
tion and approval
—no reference or
deposit re¬
quired. Safe
delivery is
guara nteed
and every
wagon guar¬
anteed for
one year.
Ask for references— our customers. Write
for catalog at once.
ROCHESTER VEHICLE CO.,
360 Main Street, Rochester, N. Y.
THE 0 K CHAMPION SPRAYER
isures the potato and
her vegetable crops
om damage by blight
bugs. Their Work
laranteed.
LL BRASS Double
sting High Pressure
onze Ball Valve Force
imp with relief valve
unequalled.
LARGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE
describing 0 K Champion Potato Sprayer*,
Planters, Diggers, etc., with particulars.
Write today.
Champion Potato Machinery Co.
151 Chicago Ats„ Hammond, Ind.
CIRCULAR 44
THE PRESERVATION OF TIMBER
Ready for free distribution.
Contains considerable information on tbe simplest
and best means of preventing the dec-ay of shingles,
porches, etc., as also details about tbe cheapest
wood preserving paint for farm buildings. Send
us a postal now.
CARBOLINEUM WOOD PRESERVING CO.
181 Franklin Street. New York, N. Y.
When you write advertisers mention Tm;
R. N’.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
‘square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
THE FAMOUS
*3 »» PARKER
Damascusine
Razor
ONLY
We have set aside
10,000 of our regular
$3.00 Razors at this
Special Price of
$1.00
in order to advertise
them to self shavers.
Send us $1.00 and we,
will immediately
mail you this fam¬
ous $3.00 Razor.
OUR
PERSONAL
GUARANTEE]
(backed by 20
YEARS of hon¬
orable business
dealing and over
$100,000 capital)
goes with each]
Razor.
“PARKER”
Razors are used
in thousands of homes and"
give thorough satisfaction
everywhere. Money back if
not satisfied.
Geo. A. Parker Co.
720 Chestnut Street
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
RARGAIN? Cars of all makes bought and sold
DHIlUHinu "Hints to Buyers and SeHers’’mailedPree.
20th CENTURY AUTOMOBILE CO.
246 West 49th, near Broadway, New York
Kgl
This is the® Coat
That Holds Its Shape
The first place that ordinary coats show
wear is in the front. It’s almost impossible
to make them in the old fashioned way
and not have them wrinkle and sag.
Our Patent Front makes Woodhull,
Goodale & Bull Clothes fit as well after
months of hard wear as when new. It's
fully protected by U. S. Patents.
If you want clothes that will be a credit
, to you and save you money, send for our
FREE booklet, which shows the latest
Spring and Summer styles, and name
of nearest dealer. Every Woodhull,
Goodale & Bull garment is fully
guaranteed.
Woodhull, Goodale & Bull
t200 WEST WILLOW ST.
SYRACUSE,
N. Y.
THE HAMILTON RESERVOIR
ORCHARD
HEATER
Positively
the most
effective
heater be¬
cause of its
REGULATED
FIRE. Many
other points of superiority.
Write for our RED BOOK on orchard
heating free. Tells you how best to smudge
HAMILTON ORCHARD HEATER CO.. Grand Junction, Col*.
0 @i
■v OCJST I&L
b- i
%\
The New Century Binder
has the only perfect Knotter — one of the most remarkable
pieces of simple mechanism ever invented. It will never slip
nor miss through an entire harvest. It is different and better
than the knotter of any other binder.
The New Century will cut and bind any kind of grain
worth harvesting. It is easily and quickly adjusted to meet
the different conditions encountered in a season’s work. It
possesses durability, strength, simplicity in construction,
great capacity and light draft.
iWAL™WOOD
Perfect Separation of the grain prevents all binding
or crowding of the needle and the relief roller between
elevator throat and binder deck cuts out any annoying
clogging of the apron.
Send for Our Big Diamond Jubilee Catalog
It shows just how the New Century
Knotter works, and illustrates all the fea¬
tures that make this binder the most
successful one ever put into any grain.
Just write your name and address on a
postal, but do it nonu.
Walter A. Wood M. & R. M. Co.
Box 231 Hoosick Falls, N. Y.
Not in Any Trust
1911.
THE RURAL* NEW-YORKER
646
Ruralisms
AUSTRALIAN DESERT KUMQUAT.
Fig. 186 shows, in natural size, fruit
of the desert kumquat, Atalantia
glauca. The specimens were presented
to the Plant Introduction Bureau of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture, by Mr.
James Pink, of Queensland, Australia.
The Bureau says regarding it :
This is one of the most interesting of
all Citrus fruits and one which, curi¬
ously enough, has never yet received
adequate attention from botanists or
horticulturists. It was first mentioned
by Leichardt, the German explorer, to
whom we owe much of our knowledge
concerning the interior of the deserts
of northeastern Australia. It is a shrub
or small tree from 12 to 15 feet high,
with a trunk two to six inches in di¬
ameter. It has small but thick, leathery
leaves of gray-green color and one is
struck by the scantiness of the foliage.
The flowers are small and the fruits
about a half inch in diameter. An
agreeable beverage is made from the
acid juice and a fair preserve may be
made out of the fruit. The peel has
the sweetish flavor of the kumquat. It
is known in Australia as the native
lemon. The plant was described botani-
cally in a footnote to Lt. Col. Thomas
Livingston Mitchell’s “Journal of an Ex-
THE AUSTRALIAN DESERT KUMQUAT.
Fig. 186.
pedition into the Interior of Tropical
Australia in Search of a Route from
Sydney to the Gulf of Carpentaria.’’
This plant was discovered on October
17, 1846, not far from Lt. Col. Mitchell’s
camp, near the juncture of the Maranoa
and Merevale Rivers, in the southern
limit of Queensland. Decidedly cold
weather was encountered near this point,
in some cases the ice being so thick
that it had to be broken in the morning
before the horses could drink. It seems
quite probable from this that the plant
grows in a region where the tempera¬
ture occasionally falls to 10° F. and in
rare cases nearly to zero. It is the
hardiest of all evergreen Citrus fruits
and is very promising for use in breed¬
ing new and hardy types. Not only has
it highly developed ability to withstand
cold, but it is very likely to have an
even more desirable quality of being
able to withstand occasional spells of hot
weather in Winter, a quality usually
possessed by desert plants and also
characteristic of the kumquat, to which
this plant is to be referred. It is not at
all impracticable that it can be utilized
in its present form in many parts of
Arizona, as well as in some parts of
southern Utah, Nevada and southern
Oregon. It is obviously drought re¬
sistant, a point of the very greatest in¬
terest, both botanically and agricultur¬
ally, and its introduction into the
United States will undoubtedly lead to
the inauguration of a new era in the
breeding of Citrus fruits. This very in¬
teresting fruit is now introduced for
the first time at the suggestion of Mr.
Walter T. Swingle, because of its re¬
sistance to cold, drought, and hot spells
during Winter. He believes it may be
of the greatest importance in the breed¬
ing of Citrus fruits. The seeds, which
are quite small, germinate very readily,
and in 10 days from the time of sowing
in the greenhouse were an inch or more
in height, and of sufficient strength to
be inarched on two-year-old stocks. By
this means it is hoped that within two
years there will be flowers sufficient for
whatever crosses may be decided to be
worth while.
Moving Asparagus Bed.
T. P. W., Rye, N. Y. — I have a flnc as¬
paragus bed, five or six years old. which has
borne prolific-ally for the past three years.
I am moving ' from my present home and
should like to take the bed with me. Cat)
I do this, and if so let me know the best
way in which to dig it up?
Ans. — Asparagus plants of this age
have great vitality, and may, with due
precaution, be moved to a new locality
without appreciable loss, but experience
has shown that such plants rarely
establish themselves well enough, even
under the best culture, to produce
satisfactory crops. A vigorous five-year
plant may have roots extending as many
feet in all directions, and it is only
possible to secure with the most careful
digging a portion of such an extensive
root system. Broken asparagus roots
soon decay, and are rarely replaced in
old plants by others equally effective,
the result usually being a permanently
crippled plant. Better start anew with
selected one or two-year plants. The
outcome will be far more satisfactory.
w. v. ’ F.
For Apple Scab
ROWERS who have used
Bordeaux Mixture for
Apple Scab and Leaf Spot
have found that the russetted,
rough appearance usually re¬
sulting from its use is nearly
as detrimental to their crops
as the diseases which infest
them. The best way to elim¬
inate this condition is by
spraying with
Sherwin-Williams
Lime- Sulfur Solution
This preparation is equally as valu¬
able as Bordeaux Mixture in con¬
quering these diseases, and in addi¬
tion, properly diluted, produces a
clean, smooth, well-marked fruit —
the kind that sells profitably. Send
for “Spraying, a Profitable Invest¬
ment,” for more information. It’s
mailed free for the asking.
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
635 Canal Road
Cleveland,
Ohio ton
Sent free, “ Spraying, a n-m
Profitable Investment." ^ ^
"SWIFTS
“Raising Apples”
is an illustrated book that everybody
who has room for even a single apple
tree ought to read. A postal card to us
will bring a copy to you — FREE.
From Selecting the Ground
to Marketing the Fruit
this book answers all questions that
puzzle the orchardist — large or small.
Proper location, suitable varieties, planting
the trees, caring for them, restoring old orchards, enemies
of the trees, spraying, picking, packing and storage, are
but a few of the subjects dealt with practically, in a simple
and interesting way, with many illustrations.
“Raising Apples” is the best
single volume on apple culture that
you can get anywhere today. Send
for it — a postal will do — Free. You
will give it a place in your library.
FREE
\ARSENATE
&sLEAD
I^CAk££
OF/
MERRIMAC
CHEMICAL CO.
31 Broad St.
Boston,
Mass.
flipil ! ill
Test
These
Sprayers
With Your
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Your Own
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Trial Costs You Nothing
MAN POWER SPRAYER shown below sprays
anything, potatoes, truck, trees, etc. Handiest
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on one acre.
We Guarantee All Our
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and ship them on free trial without, a cent In
advance. \V rite ns acard or letter today and sav
which sprayer you are interested in and we’ll
- send you FREE our
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Etude and special free
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first to write and save
money. Wo pay freight.
The H. L. Hurst Mfg. Co.
2815 NORTH ST.. CANTOS, OHIO
YOU Need This Book — It’s FREE
F.very farmer and truck grower needs a copy of
Herrmann’s 1911 Almanac
Besides being full of valuable and interesting data for
farmers and fruit growers, it shows t lie proper way
to apply the purest anil most efficient Paris Green
made — Herrmann's Hi-Grade Pure Paris Green.
You’ll get the results you expect. Address
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SPRAY
FRUITS AND
FIELD CROPS
and do whitewashing in most effectual, economical,
r.pld w.j. Batigfaction guaranUetl. DROWN'3
POWER** Auto-Sprays
No. 1, shown here, is Sited with AutoPop Nozile _
does work of 3 ordinary sprayers. Endorsed uy JBx-
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j Biles of hand anil power sprayers— also price.
»nd valuabl. spraying guido in our Freo Hook.
Writ, postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
2 s Jay St., Rochester, N. X.
c nn A v Adopted by the N.Y .State Fruit Growers' Ass’n
ornAT it will pay you to use either.
ti
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PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS amd AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
14 BAYVIEW AVE. ..JERSEY CITY. N.vL
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE S9LICITEQ]
Watson OSPRAYMO 4-ROW
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copay
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FIELD FORCE PTJMP CO., * Eleventh St-, Elmira, N. Y.
Fruit Sprayed with
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brings more money b™ !t is b'ee inj,ry by worms-
° " scab, etc. Over 300 testimonials in our
new catalogue show the great value of this preparation on all kinds of fruits
and vegetables. Pyrox serves two purposes ; it kills insects and prevents dis¬
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blemish needs “Pyrox,” the “one’ best- spray.” It
“ Fills the barrel with the kind they used to put on Top”
Send for new catalogue with photograph of sprayed and unsprayed fruit in
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ROWl^rP INSECTICIDE COMPANY,
XX VJ ▼ ▼ XV XLi XV 43 CHATHAM STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
i#
649
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes.
Established 1850.
Published weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl Street, Kew York.
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor,
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Koylk, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.04, equal to
8s. 6d., or 8*2 marks, or 10 'c francs. Remit in money order,
express order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for tim<
orders. References required for advertisers unknown to
us; and cash must accompany transient orders.
"A SQUARE DEAL.”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a
responsible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any
loss to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler
advertising in our columns, and any such swindler will be publicly ex¬
posed. We protect subcribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee
to adjust trifling differences between subscribers and honest, respon¬
sible advertisers. Neither will wo be responsible for the debts of
honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. Notice of the complaint
must be sent to us within one month of the time of the transaction,
and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker when
writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
We have mentioned the subject full many a time;
you have heard it in prose — now we try it in rhyme.
Your meadows are scanty, you’re short of good hay!
How can you get out of the hole? The best way is to
turn the soil over as soon as you please, and put in a
seeding of good oats and peas. Don’t sow the cow
pea — it will rot in the ground when planted so early,
the best thing we’ve found is the Canada pea — sow a
bushel or so on an acre then plow some five inches,
then go and sow some three bushels of oats from the
bin, and then take a harrow and harrow them in. Then
let them alone and go on with your job. You may
think Canadian free trade will rob the American farmer
but listen to me — you will never be robbed by the
Canada pea.
< *
You will have to admit, after all, that there are
two good sides to this proposition of figuring the
products from a hen. One of them is given on page
538. Suppose two men start on January 1 — each with
$100. One buys two cows, the other 80 hens. They
agree to compare notes for a year and see which $100
will prove most productive ! If the cow man can add
four calves to his herd during the year, why should
'he not add their value to that of the milk or butter?
If the hen man can add 300 chickens and make some
of the pullets lay during the year, why is he not justi¬
fied in counting it all in? It all comes originally
from the 80 hens or the $100. If the hen is more
productive than the cow, that may prove an argu¬
ment in her favor. Why is not the hen man justified
in counting everything which his original $100 gives
him during the year?
*
The more you study into this Guernsey cow case,
the more the wonder grows. Our understanding is
that those cows never gave any of that “liquid butter”
or nine per cent milk when watched or supervised
by outside parties. We mean unprejudiced people
who had no interest in the cow. We are informed
that whenever representatives of several stations
supervised the test the milk regularly dropped tb
about five per cent fat. If we are wrong in this, will
Mr. Taylor or Mr. Hammond set us right? In many
respects this is one of the most important cases which
has yet come before a cattle breeders’ association. We
believe that the Guernsey Cattle Club, both officers
and members in good majority, view these tests with
suspicion, and would not willingly let them go with¬
out further verification. They would have no official
standing to-day, we believe, hut for a Supreme Court
injunction. They stand on the record, therefore, as
judge-made rather than cow-made. It seems to us
that in order to stamp them as cow-made the cows
should “come back” with some of that nine per cent
milk — not with a few pounds, but when in good flow.
*
The House of Representatives passed a resolution
calling for popular election of United States Senators.
There was little or no opposition. Anyone who will
get out among the people can quickly learn the
strength of the demand for this reform. The Senate
is now to act on .the resolution. It was lost in the
last Congress through the votes of “lame ducks.” These
hindrances are Senators who have been defeated for
election — repudiated by their States, and who use
the last days of official life to gratify personal spite
or kill off some reform. These “lame ducks” killed
the plan for popular election of Senators and “puri¬
fied” Lorimer of Illinois. Among the lamest of these
ducks were Depew of New York, Kean of New Jer¬
sey, Dick of Ohio and Scott of West Virginia. The
new Senators from New York and New Jersey,
O'Gorman and Martine, are both in favor of the
resolution. We think it will now pass and become a
law. Let us never forget what a chance New York
State missed when the resolution came up in March.
It was defeated by four votes. Senators Root and
Depew both voted against it. Had they voted for it
the count would have been a tie. It would have been
decided by Vice-President Sherman, also from New
York, and all this time a large majority of New York
people are in favor of this reform !
*
Would it be possible or policy for an average farmer
to hire a man who understands farm economy as well
as farm management to watch progress for a short time
and then point out weak points in the said fanner's
system? The elimination of weak points has been the
making of our present-day trusts, and I want to apply
their good methods to agriculture. T. w. a.
Ilolley, N. Y.
It will depend on the man. It he is practical and
is in sympathy with farming and also knows the
scientific side of it he could help. Such a man’s ser¬
vices would be valuable, and it would pay to employ
him. If, however, he were a pure scientist who knew
little about the real life of a farmer it is doubtful if
he would pay. There ought to be a good opening for
broad-minded and successful farmers of mature years
to go about in this way and study farm methods.
Manufacturers and railroad men hire experts in this
way, let them go free to study methods and report.
But no man however wise can help a farmer in this
way unless he has some sympathy with farming.
*
Why did not President Taft handle parcels post as
he did Canadian reciprocity ? If he had waited until
the end of Congress and then, without warning, de¬
manded a bill granting parcels post and jammed it
through zvith all the pozver at his command he would
have ranked in history as a great President !”
That, in substance, is what thousands of farmers
are writing their Congressmen. It has reached
President Taft himself. We believe it is true that
if the Republican leaders had shown even common
interest in parcels post and even started a fair experi¬
ment with it they would have held control of Con¬
gress. We have evidence to show that a score of them
were defeated because they would not rise above “care¬
ful consideration” when farmers asked where they stood.
For there is more to this parcels post proposition
than the politicians seem to think. The people now
brand the “careful consideration” Congressman as
either a tool of the express companies and monopolies
or else afraid of them. A Congress of tools and
cowards is worse for this nation than a vampire suck¬
ing the blood of the living. Judged in all its '•bear¬
ings the question of a fair parcels post is the greatest
one now before this country — larger than the tariff
or any other. The Democrats are now working and
studying to gain the confidence of the country and
elect a President. It is safe to say that they never
can do it unless they make parcels post a supreme
issue and either pass a bill or pledge themselves to
do so.
*
Every year we have a good many questions about
the danger of leaving stock in grass orchards which
are being sprayed. There would of course be no
particular danger when using oil or lime sulphur. In
the case of spraying poisons to kill leaf-eating insects
many experiments have been conducted, and the gen¬
eral verdict is that there is nothing to fear from Hie
ordinary careful spraying. The grass grows rapidly
during the spraying season, and a day or so after the
spraying would not carry enough of the poison to
injure an animal. There would be some danger if
the drainings from a spray tank were left on top of
the ground, or if too much liquid were put on one
place. Stock has abnormal tastes at times, and might
lick over such places. With careful spraying, however,
we would not fear to let stock pasture the orchard.
As a matter of precaution we would keep them out for
48 hours after spraying. A few years ago the Massa¬
chusetts Experiment Station experimented with some
cattle by feeding day after day small quantities of
arsenic. This was fed in the feed or in capsules.
These cattle were all affected, some dying. These
experiments do not indicate danger from pasturing
stock, for quick-growing grass is a very different
thing from grain and artificially poisoned hay. They do,
however, indicate a chance for danger when hay is
used from orchards which were carelessly sprayed
when the grass was nearly ripe.
April 29,
The government has already “withdrawn from entry”
the following areas of public phosphate land : —
Acres.
Montana . 33,950
Florida . 37,439
Idaho . 1,101,517
Utah . 107,745
Wyoming . . . 1 ,267,494
Total . . 2,548,145
This means public land underlaid by phosphate
rock which is the chief source of phosphoric acid in
fertilizers. It was found that these phosphate beds
were going into the hands of private owners, and that
more than half the American production was going
out of the country. Now the Government will hold
on to this phosphate and see that it is used for the
benefit of Americans — as it should be. The greater
part of this phosphate is in the Ear West, close to
copper smelters, where large volumes of sulphuric
acid fumes escape. These will some day be saved for
treating the phosphate and thus give us cheaper fer¬
tilizers. We still lack American supplies of available
potash. There are vast stores of this material in rocks
and waters, and the Government should not object to
any reasonable expense needed to learn to make this
potash available.
*
We have heard .rom a dozen States endorsing the
suggestion for a farmer’s group or party after the plan
of the German agrarians. The present situation at
Washington clinches the argument for such a farmer’s
party. The House has passed the Canadian reciprocity
bill and it goes to the Senate. The House will pass
various free trade bills. No one seems to expect
that the Senate as at present made up will ever pass
these free trade bills, or that President Taft would
sign them. The President wants the reciprocity bill
passed, but the farmers have protested so powerfully
against its unjust provisions that its passage is doubt¬
ful in the present shape or alone. If the so-called
“farmer’s free list” had been made a part of the
reciprocity measure the combination would probably
have gone through, though the President might veto
it. As it stands the whole thing looks like playing
for effect. The Democrats want the lower tariff but
they do not want to face the responsibility for a busi¬
ness depression just before the next election. The
Republicans are frightened at the attitude of the farm¬
ers and would hardly dare antagonize the manufac¬
turers. At the same time they realize that the “high
cost of living” cry from the consumers must he at¬
tended to. So there they are playing back and forth
for political advantage. Neither side apparently dares
offend the express companies and railroads and de¬
mand a fair parcels post. Now anyone can see what
would happen if we had in Congress 75 or 100 mem¬
bers who knew that they were put there first of all
to stand for agriculture ! They might be Democrats
or Republicans on party issues, but they would not be
there unless they were pledged to put the interests
of agriculture above all else. That is what we mean
by a group like that of the German agrarians. Right
now we have an illustration of what such a group or
party could do for us. We must stand and take whaf
these scheming politicians see fit to throw in our
direction, simply because we cannot give evident ex¬
pression to the power which our numbers and im¬
portance would justify. Look at it from any point
you will, there is no longer any hope for the farmer
in ordinary party politics. He must run his own
machine.
BREVITIES.
We have begun early to talk about vetch, for wo want
you to try it this Summer and Fall.
In England a steam roller “ran away” and was not
caught until it reached the next county.
Many Southern towns have what they call “cleaning-up
day.” All hands take a day off and clean up the yard.
I'LL sing you now about the cow who makes the dairy
fail — she puts her fat upon her back and not into the
pail.
You cannot beat the Canada field pea for a Spring
legume — for improving the soil or producing feed.
It seems a little strange that no one has offered to
match a good brood sow against the cow or the 10 hens.
Properly handled a good sow is a fine farm citizen.
The new way of preventing onion smut is to use a solu¬
tion of formaldehyde when sowing the seed. This is done
by using a drip attachment on the seed drill. A brief
statement about it is found on page 540.
Some of the local papers which are supposed to provide
news for farmers are getting off about the poorest sample
of baby talk over “reciprocity” that ever went in print.
They should be chased up and cornered.
One of the surest ways to increase the value of the
oats crop In any section would be to have every farmer
soak the seed in farmaldehyde before sowing. This
would kill out smut and give that section an advertising
and a reputation that would “trim” it.
547
1911
the rural new-yok kkr
there is any legal way to get this money
we are going to get it, and what work
we do on it will not cost them a cent.
No bluff about reorganization will
satisfy these claims. It will take about
$30,000 in cold cash in hand to settle
them. That is the terms on which he
can get possession of these securities.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC.— Verdicts of $20,000 award¬
ed to Orlavus Juve, who lost four fingers
on his right hand, and to John J. Mc-
Glvnn, who lost his loft hand by holding
back an iron girder which threatened to
fall and crush out the lives of half a dozen
of their fellow workmen employed in build¬
ing the Queensboro Bridge, have been
unanimously affirmed by the Appellate
Division of the Supreme Court in Brooklyn.
The injured workmen will now receive the
award with interest and costs. They sued
the Pennsylvania Steel Company. The acci¬
dent occurred on December 11, 190 <, when
a big iron girder was being hoisted into
place on one of the bridge towers. It began
slipping, and was caught by Juve and Mc-
Glvun.who held on to the mass despite the
fact that it was carrying them inch by inch
to a point where their hands would be
caught between the slowly moving girder
and the stationary iron work.
Creditors’ petitions in bankruptcy were
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
Trying to “Swipe” the Evidence.
It makes me boil with indignation to
think that E. G. Lewis has the audacity
to propose another scheme to American
women. When I read in the St. Louis
papers of April 12 that he “had assigned
everything on earth that he had” to a
committee of three trustees, I believed it.
I knew he owed the publishers a great deal
of money, and this was a virtual bank¬
ruptcy in their favor. But the Weekly
gives" another view. It is a skillful plan
which would bring into Ms possession all
the alleged incriminating evidence against
him. All notes, bonds, books, pool certifi¬
cates, debentures, etc., are asked to be turn¬
ed over to him, so that evidences of long
overdue promises will be at once lost for¬
ever. However fraudulently obtained, pos¬
session is 10 points of the law, and the
real owner is powerless. Absolute power
is given to discontinue old companies, form
new ones, etc. But no promises are made.
Worthless as these securities have proven,
still they were definite promises, and fur¬
nished a legal hold on Mr. Lewis. No
return of any value is guaranteed by. this
commission, so Mr. Lewis will be relieved
of the responsibility of all his promises,
a consummation he has been seeking for
months. Surely no one will throw over
evidence of indebtedness on any such plan.
This test is to divide the sheep from the
goats I wonder how many fleeces Mr.
Lewis will carry off this time. I hope the
women will notice that he said months
ago he had made over everything to
the Builders’ Fund ! What had become
of the glowing promises made then? If
he had made over anything then, he could
not make it over now. Do not these
eminent trustees of the Builders Fund feel
some responsibility for the thousands of
dollars sent in on the strength of then
honorable guarantee? N. M. texer.
Every mail now brings letters like
the above from women who realize at
last that Lewis has played them false
First he promised two millions of
stock as an endowment to the League.
Next he promised the same thing to the
Founders Chapter; and said the stock (jooooo guarantee were: Joseph B. Reich-
wnnlrl nav 100 oer cent, profit the first mann, William A. Keener, Liston L. Lewis
would pay , 1 , ., . nu,i (ioorge C. Smith. With Cummins, Con-
year. Then he said he turned this with d(m and SM0ore< they guaranteed other big
everything he had over to the Builders obligations, such as the $2,100,000 that
everyin I1J, nc * Rnrrnw more Cummins got from Andrew Carnegie, the
Fund — his straw man to borrow mo “ei, note8bfor $390,000 and loans obtained
money on debentures. Now he says Cummins from the National Reserve
a era in that he turned everything over to Bank and other banks and trust companies,
again tnat ne turneu eve j s f Cummins. liabilities the petitioners put at
a new set of trustees. He told } ou qqo 000, with assets of $400,000. From
the $26 000,000 the League was to have cummins. Brewster claims $30,000, Hat-
as an endowment fund; but he now ad- field $9,644 and Watson $80,000.
as an endowment , . , Judge H C- Niles, in the Federal Dis¬
trict Court, at Aberdeen, Miss., April 13,
sentenced J. H. Miller, a member of the
firm of Steele, Miller & Co., who was found
first tornado was reported at Eskridge,
Kan. Here many houses were destroyed
and much damage done to crops, the damage
in Brown County being put at $300,000.
The storm swept on to Powhatan and
Netawaka, Kan., nearby towns, then off to
the northwest. Hiawatha and Manville,
Kan , were struck, and here three persons
were killed and much property damage done.
Later a tornado struck Lawrence, Kan.,
killing two persons, injuring twelve, and
doing damage estimated at $175,000. This
storm swept the town from the southwest
to the northeast, and, after passing over
the Kansas River, continued toward Leaven¬
worth. The local company of militia was
drilling and did noc know that there was
a storm until the roof had been taken off
their building, and as the last of thein
dashed out of the front door, the second
floor fell in. A side of the county jail
was torn down and about 30 prisoners made
a dash for liberty, but only three succeeded
in escaping. An hour after the first tornado
struck Eskridge, Kan., a tornado swept
through Oklahoma and parts of Arkansas
and Southwest Missouri. At St. Louis an
eight-story grain elevator, valued at $700,-
000 in the extreme northern end of the
citv, on the Burlington tracks, was blown
into the Mississippi River. The Bryan
Hill Public School, also in the north end,
collapsed during the storm. Two women
arc reported to have died from fright, mak-
ing three deaths in St. Louis traceable to
the storm. The damage was particularly
heavy in the west end, north side and in
St Louis County, where many greenhouses
were demolished by the hailstones, which
measured more than two inches in diameter.
crop of good fruit under difficulties is to
spray unceasingly and never give up even
when p<*ople say there is nothing left to
spray for. I have too often seen the grower
quit, thinking he had nothing to spray but
the trees, and when it was too late he
could see that he had a fair crop of worth¬
less fruit because he had not sprayed it.
One should spray anyway for the foliage,
and it is likely there may be fruit enough
to pay the expenses and nearly always to
make a profit. Several fruit farms have
changed hands at advanced figures, and
land suitable for fruit is bringing more
money when located on a good road. Some
cheap farms can be bought yet, though, as
the writer recently secured a large hill
farm from an old settler who could uo
longer care for it properly, and it had been
neglected and grown up to weeds and
bushes. It is now being planted to apples,
with hopes of a good investment. A full
carload of blue vitriol was brought in here,
besides all the local shipments and other
spraying material, and it is time to begin
to use it. As the Bordeaux seldom injures
Rome Beauty, most growers will continue
to use it with arsenate of lead, and we
can’t control the Codling moth with one
application, nor two either, but we think
it requires four, and the last about the
last of July or the first of August. The
scab may do untold injury also if the fruit
and foliage are not kept covered with a
fungicide as they develop. We use Bordeaux
four times, also after the bloom drops, the
2-5-50 formula, and put on heavily with
power sprayers. .
A few growers of good fruit organized
last Spring under the name of the Rome
Beauty Growers’ Association, and purchased
three of the seven
who piitT their names to a $1,000,000 guaran¬
tee that Comptroller Frendergast, of New
York City, exacted from the Carnegie Trust
Company while Chamberlain Hyde was on
vacation in Europe to cover what is now
$650,000 of city money on deposit m the of one ot then operators. ne
Carnegie. The $650,000 is tied up in- found on the death of Mary
definitely. The bankers’ committee that is young operatoi, was
definitely. - _ — _ -
advising Bank Superintendent Cheney as
to how much can be squeezed out_ of the
Carnegie’s assets finds that ( u mm ins and
his associates got the company’s affairs
into such a tangle that it will be impossible
for many weeks to tell what depositors
will get. The other names on this $L,-
Place, New York, fire, returned a verdict
April 17 finding Isaac Harris and Max
Blanck, proprietors of the Triangle Shirt¬
waist Company, responsible for the death
of one of their operators. The verdict was
" ” -y Herman, a
_ seen running
toward the' door on the Washington Place
side of the building on the ninth floor,
and was seen to try the knob of the door,
finding it locked, according to witnesses.
The jury also considered the death ot Rosie
Grasso, ‘ whose body was found burned on
the ninth floor, near the locked door on
the Washington Place side, and quickly ar¬
rived at a verdict finding Harris and Blanck
responsible in that case also. The jury
was concerned mostly with framing piac-
tical recommendations tending to prevent
such disasters in the future. On the jury
of 10 men were experienced engineers, arehi-
J... l.niMnra nn3 thCV Silent UlUCh
grade selling for less than $4. Of course,
we have to pay for cold storage and com¬
mission out of that, and put cushions in
the barrels to take up the slack, or plug
them to make them tight. We can’t hope
to get such prices always.
Lawren$e County, Ohio. m. t. cox.
mits that it is not able to pay its bills,
and even the cups in its possession have
been covered by the chattel mortgage.
No wonder the women of the so-called fears' ln“priso'F and to pay a fine of oe ace
League “boil with indignation when oob. L. C. Steele and C. H. G. Linde, t®“ded
- - - , , — — - - . ... I2®» automatic sprinklers and more frequent in-
he now impudently appeals ; to then, for who .«Ji w* Eto .peetions ate recommended,
more money. For ten years he has been isonmfnt and a fine of $10,000 each,
at the game. Read the list of accounts The men were members of the cotton firm
on which he has coiiected .noney in his
Four Socialist mayors were elected in
Illinois cities April 18 — at Granite ( lty,
Grafton. O’Fallon and at Davis, m Stephen-
— - - „ , . , • , Whicn railed several muiuus agu. »«» son County. Neither “wets” nor “drys
own paper. Recall what he said about cjiar„e(j at the time of the failure that scored any decided victory.
' --t-ii-t-i — frau3nlent bills of lading, amounting to
THE NEED OF A FARMERS’ PARTY.
The Present Situation Analyzed.
Since the publication of your editorial
advocating the formation of a party dis¬
tinctly agrarian, the parties now in Con¬
gress have shown what interest they take
in the welfare of the farmer and of his
industry. In my opinion the result fully
supports your position ; and until we under¬
take such a course, the farmer must expect
to be made a catspaw for the politician
and the officeholder. There can be no doubt
that there is in both the old parties an
inherent incompetence to deal with ques¬
tions according to their true economic na¬
ture and bearing. The existence of two
parties resting upon broad foundations of
principle, and attempting to compose con¬
flicting interests lias been favorable to the
growth of the politician as a separate class,
having interests of his own as distinct from
the body of voters whom he professes to
- - -v - - . .. represent. With him the primary question
for permits for erection and alteiation shall is lnot w Aether a particular policy will in-
stituents, but “how
my votes win mis particular measure
gain or lose for me?” It is in this way
that a party policy is formulated or modi-
tects and builders, and they spent much
time getting at their recommendations. The
jury after the formal finding as to Harris
and Blanck, criticises most severely the
crowding of the room with tables for ma¬
chines, thus making it harder to reach fire
escapes an<l stairways, and says such ciowu-
inc should be prevented. It recommends
that the Bnreau of Buildings have power
to enforce its orders, and that applications
guilty ^ fraudulently ^using the mails to ^statement of the in
ded use of the building. £ire drills, ^ v~otes this particuh
the profits of his publishing business
when he was inducing you to buy the
stock ; and remember his later admis¬
sion that the monthlies had lost money
for years. Recall again the profits he
was to make out of the daily, and see
what has become of it now, six months
later. It is our information and our be¬
lief that he never made a profit for any
length of time out of any of his pub¬
lishing ventures. His papers have been
used mainly for years as circula. 3 or
advertising' media to promote his
schemes and to collect money from
country people.
From the fact that the Federal Gov¬
ernment is investigating his numerous
schemes it is evident that complaints
have been made alleging fraud in the
process of getting the money. The al¬
leged reorganization is evidently . made
$7,000,000, had been issued by the firm.
Indictments were found against Miller,
Steele and Linde, charging that fraudulent
hills of lading were sent through the United
States mails. All three men were given
sentences of two years and a fine of $10,-
000. Miller was then sentenced to an addi¬
tional five years’ imprisonment and fined
an additional $1,000, making his punish¬
ment seven years in the penitentiary with
a total fine of $11,000.
To a fire drill taught immediately after
the Triangle Waist Factory disaster, 45
FARM AND GARDEN.— Owing to the un¬
foreseen closing of part of the Hot! man
House, the annual meeting of the American
Jersey Cattle Club will be held at Hotel
Manhattan, 42d street and Madison avenue
New York City, on May 3, 1911, at 11
o’clock a. m.
The Massachusetts State Board of Agri¬
culture will hold an asparagus planting
demonstration under the direction of the
Massachusetts Asparagus Growers Associa¬
tion There will be a demonstration ot
nlanting, fertilizing and caring for aspara-
the crounds of the Asparagus Ex¬
girls oweXir prompt escape" April 13 from gus; on the grounds of the A^aragu^ Ex¬
flames that wrecked the Manhattan Soap ^ A -30 o’clock p m Saturday April
Company’s six-story building, at 55Q-Su4 Mass. ° pXscott president <
of the
also descended the escapes neiore rue wiirc^dn^the^lmonstratio^ Thfch
aided by mflammable^chemicals,^ tion, wil^conaocx z^a necegsary in the
cultivation of this important vegetable. It
is hoped that a large number of people
to the higher floors. The building and con¬
tents were destroyed, and the loss was esti¬
mated at $150,000.
The grandstand at the New York Polo
Grounds, where McGraw’s National League
Giants wore beaten April 12 and lo, was
burned April 14. The bleachers were
scorched for a distance of 100 feet both
with the purpose, of | getting : the evidence w.y^.na »n •}*>£
of alleged criminal responsibility back
into his own hands. If there was any
property to justify reorganization, the
way to do it would be for some one to
put up money to pay the debts, but no
one proposes to put up a penny for that
purpose. They depend entirely on Mr.
Lewis’ ability to borrow more money
on hot air from country people. Time
after time be promised an accounting.
In January be said the publishers bad
loaned him a half million. But the pub*
lishers insisted on an accounting before
they would extend credit for subscrip¬
tions. The accountants worked two
months and quit. The publishers got
far enough to see that they did not want
to extend credit, much less loan money^
The scheme is now abandoned. The
debenture scheme was a failure. It is
also abandoned. Now you are asked to
wipe the slate ; to forget all the prom¬
ises and leave your savings with Mr.
Lewis to do with as he pleases.
Women in sickness and distress write
us almost daily telling us of money sent
Lewis years ago, and of his indifference
to their pleadings for the return of it.
Our advice is to refuse to send your
papers to Mr. Lewis or his alleged com¬
mittee. We have now over $30,000 of
claims against him from our subscribers,
and it is increasing almost daily. If
said by the manager of the grounds that
the loss would be covered by $25,000. pro¬
vided receipts to ball games weren't greatly
interfered with. The stands had recently
been put in shape at a cost of about $40,-
000. Other estimates made the total loss
$150,000, including that of the Interborough
Company.
Republican Senators vied with Demo¬
crats at Trenton, N. J., April 13, in prais¬
ing Governor Wilson’s election reform bill,
which bears the name of its introducer,
Assemblvman Geran, which was passed by
the Senate by a unanimous vote. In the
passage of the Geran hill the governor has
will avail themselves of this opportunity.
A clever ruse adopted by manufacturers
and dealers in oleomargarine has cost the
Government $300,000 in Chicago alone dur¬
ing the last year, according to Samuel M.
Fitch, Collector of Internal Revenue. Mr.
Fitch declared that through misrepresenta¬
tion the public has been buying a lower
grade of oleomargarine, upon which there
is no tax, than the colored product, on
which the manufacturers must pay a tax of
10 cents a pound. “Last year we issued
705 licenses iu Chicago and thus far this
year only 209,” he said. “A new product
With a natural tint is being made on which
there is onlv three-quarters of a cent tax.
It was bad enough when the ‘moonshiners
colored the stuff in dirty, filthy places, but
to sell a poor-grade sTuff at prices demanded
for the high-grade product is about the
limit.”
Governor Dix unsuccessfully endeavored
” Bailey,
achieved another distinct success in the April 18 to induce Dean Liberty IL Bailey,
legislative program which he mapped out of the school of agriculture at toinell Lni-
itS the beginning of his administration. The versity, to become State Commissioner of
at the beginning __ . ..
bill proposed such sweeping changes in the
election machinery of the State that it was
opposed by the organization of both parties.
Few Republicans favored it at the outset,
and even after the governor had taken
up the cudgels in behalf of the measure, it
was opposed on final passage by nearly
every Republican and a few of the Demo¬
crats in the House. The only essential
amendments in the Senate provided for
the selection of chairmen of county com¬
mittees by the members of the committee,
Agriculture. They had a long conference,
and Dean Bailey told the governor that his
obligations to Cornell were such that he
could not consider leaving the institution
for at least a year.
FRUIT PROSPECTS IN OHIO.
A temperature of 7 to 11 on March 16
here killed the peach buds about clean, all
miiLcee uv we rnn.iwu . . . the Ivieffer pears, many of the cherries,
instead of by direct vote of the people, SOme of the plums and all of some of the
and the insertion of a provision that blind, earlv blooming apples, even the Grimes and
illiterate and otherwise deficient voters neaHV all the Ben Davis. As the Rome
might take some one into the booth to
assist in marking the blank ballots provided
for in the act. As originally drawn, the
Geran bill would have disfranchised the
blind.
Tornadoes which swept parts of Missouri,
Oklahoma, Kansas and Arkansas April 12-
13 are known to have killed 25 persons,
injured more than 100, rendered more than
500 homeless, and to have done thousands
of dollars’ worth of property damage. The
Reautv is the one variety so well noted
here we are hopeful, as the buds were
not swelled enough to be injured any that
we can see. We had a crop in Lawrence
County last year of 100,000 barrels, and it
is not likely ‘we can now expect more than
half that many. Growers have made
preparations to spray more and better than
ever, and if they do not get discouraged
now, we may have another crop that will
be widely known. The only way to get a
fled.
It need occasion no surprise to find the
Democrats in Congress adopting Canadian
reciprocity as their own, and according it
the right of way over all legislation, ac¬
cording to the wishes of the Republican
President. If they were seeking to protect
the agricultural interests, and still de¬
termined to adopt reciprocity in good faith,
•they would unite it with such other reduc¬
tions of the tariff in a single measure, in
order to give the farmers a measure of
relief. Not so, however. They are there
not to protect the farmer, but to play
politics and gain votes. The farmer must
be driven out of the Republican ranks and
into their own. Further, in order to avoid
any financial disturbance which might
ensue upon any possible reduction of the
tariff, they keep such relief separate, thus
affording the Republican executive an op¬
portunity to veto it. This will hold, they
believe, the farmers’ votes for the Demo¬
crats, while forcing it out of the Republi¬
can ranks, thus making a political double
play.
They say in effect : “We are going to
pass this reciprocity, because we believe
that it is a popular measure and will
mean votes for us. You fanners, however,
have been the mainstay of the Republican
party, and we mean, if we can, to drive
vou from its ranks. We are going to pass
a bill reducing the tariff upon certain
articles which you use, but we know that
this will be made so drastic that Presi¬
dent Taft will veto it. In this manner
we will undertake to convince you that
you are better off if we are in power. We
know that if this relief measure is vetoed
we will be protected in a measure trom
any financial disturbance, but we menu to
gain what we can out of the situation. In
other words, we are acting for votes and
are going to get into power if we can.”
Such reasoning is the legitimate outcome
of our present state of polities. Politicians
are a distinct class — an oligarchy — acting
by themselves and for their own class in¬
terests, which in the last analysis consists
of fooling the body of voters to keep them¬
selves in office. The marvel of all this Is
that after the many, many lessons received
in political deception, the agricultural class
have not taken the initiative and formed
themselves into a stable political group for
the purpose of being represented and of
controlling the political parasites which
have fattened off their substance. He lias
seemed to be condoled for betrayal of his
interests by an occasional bone thrown
to him in the way of an office ; but of solid
comfort in the way of substantial protec¬
tion he has received none. In this lies the
crux of the whole question : the farmer will
continue to be the catspaw of the politician
until he wakes up, throws off the shackles
which hinder his progress and consolidates
his voting body into a solid, durable and
homogeneous party, the sole aim of which
will be to legislate for his own benefit, and
to protect it against the unjust aggressions
from other hostile interests. He will hereby
initiate a widespread movement for the
breaking up of the present harmful and
false partv system, which is false because
it seeks to embrace too many interests, and
to turn the voters into the service of a
small single class — the politicians.
E. C. TOK8TENSON.
648
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
FROM “IN MEMORIAM.”
Oh, yet we trust that somehow good
Will be the final goal of ill,
To pangs of nature, sins of will,
Defects of doubt and taints of blood ;
That nothing walks with aimless feet,
That not one life shall be destroyed,
Or cast as rubbish to the void,
When God hath made the pile complete ;
That not a worm is cloven in vain ;
That not a moth with vain desire
Is shrivelled in a fruitless fire,
Or but subserves another’s gain.
Behold ! we know not anything ;
I can but trust that good shall fall
At last — far off — at last, to all—
And every Winter change to Spring.
So runs my dream; but what am 1?
An infant crying in the night —
An infant crying for the light —
And with no language but a cry.
— Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
*
THE RURAL
and daughters have had to follow the
industries taken from them, and are
consequently blamed for flocking to the
city. We can never see a return to old
conditions, but we do believe that the
great trust-controlled factories, great as
their showing in commercial statistics,
have worked enormous evil in their
destruction of small rural manufactur¬
ing industries. A Swiss friend tells us
that many of the finest silks and em¬
broideries made in Switzerland are
made at home on hand looms, only now
whole districts are wired for electric
power produced from the waterfalls,
and these looms are provided with elec¬
tric motors. With productive work-
close at hand for all who desired it,
should we find it necessary to urge farm
boys and girls to stay on the farm?
NEW-YORKER
of the process being as above. When
rennet as well as starter is used, the
starter is added to the milk, and about
eight hours later rennet extract is added
at the rate of one ounce to 1,000 pounds
of milk. The rennet should be well
diluted with cold water to prevent too
rapid coagulation of the milk. The re¬
mainder of the process is as described
above. The use of rennet enables the
maker to secure coagulation of the milk
with a smaller percentage of acid de¬
velopment, and a pleasant mild-flavored
cheese is the result. Some manufactur¬
ers mix buttermilk with the skim-milk
for cottage cheese, using rennet. Too
great variations in temperature may in¬
jure the texture of cottage cheese, which
should be smooth, not gritty, and moist.
April 29,
Xugs.Carpets.Curtdins.BlanKets
From the
Mill
We P<iy
Freight
— - - j pi ices save you
dealers’ pro fits. We give a binding
guarantee of satisfaction and save
you 88 1-8 per cent. You can
bny the well-known Regal Rug,
6x9 fL reversible, all wool finish, at
$8.75. Our lirusselo Rug, Cx9 ft., BHHCdlH
greatest value known, $ 1.85. Splendid grade Bru*.
sels Rug, 9xl2 ft., #11,
Famous In vincible Vel.
vets, 9x12 ft., #16. Stan¬
dard Axmlnsters, 9x12
ft., #18.60, Fine quali¬
ty Lace Curtains 46c per
pair and up. Tapestry
Curtains, Wilton Rugs*
I#1 n ole urns atMill prices.
Write to-day for our NEW
ILLUSTRATED catalog,
No. 14. Sent free. Shows lat¬
est designs in actual colors.
UNITED MILL8 MF6. CO.
The racquet waist is a smart new
model likely to be popular for Summer
wear. It is cut on the lines of a Nor¬
folk jacket, with the flat box pleats, but
fits closely; there are elbow sleeves with
turn-back cuffs, a small sailor collar
opening in a V at the front, and a small
patch pocket. A patent leather belt is
worn* with it. In white linen with
striped collar and cuffs, belt included,
this waist costs $6.75 at a very fash¬
ionable shop, but it can be made inex¬
pensively, and we expect to see it taking
the place of the middy blouse.
*
“Blushing apples” are a pretty des¬
sert, and can be recommended at this
season, when many cellar-stored apples
are a little flat in flavor. Peel and core
the apples, and set in an earthen stew-
pan. Make a nice syrup of sugar and
hot water, adding enough red currant
jelly to color it bright red. Pour this
over the apples, and cook them until
soft all through, but not mashed. When
cooked allow the apples to cool, then put
in a glass dish carefully, and pour the
syrup over them. When quite cold the
centers of the apples may be filled with
stiff sweetened whipped cream, piled up
in a little rosette on top.
*
All the present day writers on coun¬
try life seem to believe that everyone
who lives in a rural district gets his
living directly from the soil; in other
words, is a farmer, and all the teaching
and preaching and scolding is directed
at him alone. Why not direct some of
this uplift work towards the country
merchant, or artisan, or even the coun¬
try politician? The fact is that the
farmer of progressive type, in touch
with Grange and experiment station, is
really the leaven that uplifts all other
rural classes, only he hardly realizes his
own power or ability. There is one point,
however, that professional uplifters
hardly hint at, and yet it seems to us
of considerable importance. In the
“good old times” when we are told the
farmer’s boys and girls had not learned
to flock to the cities, there were rural
industries to provide a living for many
of them without severing all farm ties.
Weaving, shoemaking, straw braiding,
toolmaking and various other manufac¬
tures were not herded into great fac¬
tories, but were divided into many small
businesses, each making life pleasanter
for some rural community, and helping
young people to learn an independent
trade, while yet in close touch with the
farm. Just as many lines of women’s
work, which used to keep her at home,
were gradually absorbed by men, so pro¬
ductive industries got away from the
country, and were absorbed by the city.
Women, to gain a living, have had to
follow the industries taken out of the
home, and are now blamed for their
entry into the competitive industrial
field; just the same the farmer’s sons
The daily papers report a case where
a planter was treating peanut seed with
strychnine for the purpose of repelling
moles or field mice, when a sudden gust
of wind blew the poison preparation into
his face, causing enough strychnine to
enter mouth, nose and eyes to be fatal.
This may or may not be true, but
strychnine is such a virulent poison that
we always regret any recommendation
of its use. Great care is needed, too, in
handling the various arsenates which
are now so common in farm and gar¬
den operations. We think, in addition
to warning labels, antidotes and treat¬
ment for accidental poisoning should
always be at hand, whenever these dan¬
gerous materials are being used about
the farm and garden. This is the season
of the year, too, when we may hear of
serious or fatal cases of poisoning
traced to some mysterious wild “greens”
prepared for a family meal. As a rule
we believe the culprit in such cases is
the false hellebore, Veratrum viride,
which is pushing up stout shoots of
rich green in the vicinity of marsh
marigold or “cowslip” when these plants
are at the tender cooking age. There
is really no excuse for mixing the dan¬
gerous Veratrum with these innocent
plants, for its large, plaited, stemless
leaves are extremely distinct, hut we
suppose its succulent growth looks
tempting, and there is no realization of
the danger. This would be a good time
to begin learning something about the
wild flowers, so that one may distinguish
friends from foes.
Cottage Cheese.
Will you give recipe for making cottage
cheese? How much rennet for 100 pounds
of milk ; must the milk be sour before add¬
ing rennet, and at what temperature must
it be heated? jies. d. h. f.
Cottage cheese is usually made with¬
out rennet, the casein being separated
from the whey by spontaneous coagu¬
lation. Skim-milk is used, whole milk
losing much fat in the process. Keep
the milk at a temperature of 70 to 75
degrees until well curdled, usually about
48 hours. The curdled mass is then
broken by hand, or cut into large pieces
with a cheese knife. The temperature is
then raised slowly to 90 degrees, where
it is kept until the whey appears clear,
which will be in 30 to 40 minutes. If
too rapidly heated the texture of the
cheese is injured. When the whey is
well separated from the curd, the whey
is removed and the curd placed in mus¬
lin hags or on racks, where it is allowed
to drain. It is then salted, one pound
of salt to 100 pounds of curd, shaped
into pound or half-pound halls, and
wrapped in oiled paper. The finest qual¬
ity of cheese, before making into balls,
should be mixed with thick ripened
cream, one ounce of cream to one pound
of curd.
Cottage cheese is also made with a
commercial starter, from two to three
per cent of commercial starter being
mixed through the mass, when the skim-
milk is placed in the vat, the remainder
More Making Over.
Recently I had an overcoat and a
jacket given me to make over for the
children. I found that they were almost
as good as new, but had been badly
used and were very much soiled. The
jacket was of the style known as box
coat, with no seam down the back; it
had very full sleeves. I ripped, washed
and pressed it, bought a plain coat pat¬
tern for a 9-year-old child, and made
my little girl a very pretty warm coat.
The overcoat was too good to cut up,
so I got some black dye, got my largest
tubs and washed well by punching it
up and down in hot, strong suds. I had
a time rinsing, it was so heavy, but I did
the work out of doors and a little slop
did not hurt. I then put a large metal
tub on the stove, filled two-thirds with
water, put in the dye and then the
coat. I let all come to a boil and boil
several minutes, punching and stirring
around well every now and then. We
then took the tub out on the back
porch and let the water get cold before
taking out the coat, which we rinsed un¬
til the last water was clear. It took
two to hang the coat on the line, but
when dry it was a beautiful black. I
pressed it before it was quite dry, and
it took me all day just to press. It
took three days to complete the job, but
when finished the coat looked like new,
and one of my family who needed a
new overcoat was very proud of it. I
felt fully paid for my work.
So many mothers put white under¬
skirts on their little girls in Winter.
At their best they look cold and when
spiled they look very bad. I don’t be¬
lieve there is a home where one could
noj hunt up one or 'two worn dress
skirts, just the thing to make n|ce little
skirts for children to wear to school.
Feather-stitched with silk, they look
pretty and warm, and save so much
work. Plain clothes and plenty of
them keep the children warm and clean
with little labor. Catherine busch.
The Country-Life Movement, by
Prof. L. H. Bailey. — In a series of dis¬
cussions Prof. Bailey considers the va¬
rious phases of this movement, and its
wider relation to national life. Naturally
the work of the Country Life Commis¬
sion appointed by Mr. Roosevelt is
touched upon, hut the most vital part of
the book is the author’s consideration
of current problems in community life,
especially the personal suggestions, to
which each reader will add something
of his own. Published by the Macmillan
Company, New York; 220 pages; price
$1.25, postage 12 cents additional.
_ _
Makes and burns its own gas and
produces a pure white, steady,
safe, 100 candle power light. - Ho
^ wick, smoke, dirt, grease or odor.
V ■ J >
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' Lighted instantly. Over 200 styles.
Agents wanted. Write for catalog
THE BEST LIGHT CO.
. Oi
SCHOOL CHILDREN
can make good, clean money by selling
Wescott Graphite Metal Dairy Ware
to parents and neighbors. Sanitary, handsome
and indestructible. Special Offer:-T)ie first two
children in each town or on single R. F. I), Route
applying will receive free, Hand Painted Pan. I
do not ask lor stamps or coin. I pay postage.
G-co. Jb". Wescott,
White Building’, Buffalo, N. Y.
CIDER PRESSES
THE ORIGINAL MX. GILEAD IIY-
DRAULIC PRESS produces more cider
from less apples than any other and is
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Sizes 10 to 400 barrels daily, hand
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HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. CO
(Oldest and largest manufacturers of cider
presses in the world.) _
13X Avenue, Mount Gilead, Ohio
Or Room 119 £, 39 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y.
WESHIPHWROVAL
•without a cent deposit , prepay the freight
and allow 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL.
l ° * COSTS one cent to learn our
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on highest grade 1911 model bicycles.
FACTORY PRICES
a pair of tires from anyone at any price
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RIDER AGENTS SKIiTS:
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hl"NU a 99 kills Prairie Dogs,
Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
“The wheels of the gods
. grind slow but exceed¬
ingly small.” So the weevil, but you can stop their
ewuh “ Fuma Carbon Bisulphide tile
EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.
Why Rent a Farm
and be compelled to pay to your landlord most of
your hard-earned profits? Own your own
farm. Secure a Free Homestead in
Manitoba, Saskatchewan or Al-
| berta, or purchase land in one
of these districts and bank a
profit of $10.00 or $12.00
I an acre every year.
Land purchased three years
ago at $10.00 an acre has recently
changed hands at $25.00 an acre.
The crops grown on these lands
warrant the advance. You can
FUMA
Become Rich
by cattle raising, dairying, mixed farm¬
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inces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan
and Alberta In Western Canada.
Free homestead and pre-emption
areas, as well as land held by railway
and land companies, will provide
homes for millions.
Adaptable soli, healthful climate,
splendid schools and churches and
good railways.
F or settlers’ rates, descriptive litera¬
ture Last Best W’est,” how to reach
Agent.
Supt. of Immigration. Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent, 30 Syracua.
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse. N. Y.
The Greatest Home Comfort
docs not come from wealth or large income. It comes from
hat ing the home evenly, cleanly and economically heated.
I lie proper kind of a furnace costs less than stoves or grates.
XXth CENTURY FURNACE
is used and praised souniversally by so many thousand home
owners every where— in every climate. It is made right.it
has the only sensible and Economic Fire Pot ever made. It
burns all kindsof fuel— even cheap grades of soft coal, slack,
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The Cheapest Heat for Any Home— Country or City
healthful. No work, no repairs; sanitary
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you how you can get a XXth CENTURY FURNACE, and
tryit on cmr Common-Sense Guarantee Plan. Ask for our
little booklet on the Homes, No. 19.
The XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co,
Akron, OHio.
1911.
'THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
549
Some Comments and Suggestions.
In Charity Sweetheart’s last letter she
mentioned the soreness of her fingers
caused by grating horseradish, and I
have wanted ever since to advise her to
use a food chopper for that job. It is
a great saving of time, fingers and
eyes, and does the work just as well.
You can turn your head away from it
while you grind, and, when your eyes
begin to suffer, some other member of
the family can help you; even the small
children can turn the crank awhile and
think it great fun. The food chopper
has come to be almost indispensable to
me — it is so much quicker and easier
than the chopping bowl or grater. I
never buy Hamburg steak at the butch¬
er’s, but get, for 10 or 12 cents a pound,
a nice chunk — usually from the hind
quarter and just below the last cut of
round steak if possible — put it through
the chopper, reserving the bone and
trimmings for the foundation of a future
soup. I put no salt or other condiments
with it as that draws out the juices and
destroys the steak flavor which I like.
If there is not enough- fat in the chunk,
I chop a small piece of suet with it.
Just before broiling I make it into little
pats about three inches in diameter and
a little less than half an inch thick,
pressing them firmly. Then I grease
very lightly a frying pan and let it get
smoking hot and broil my Hamburg
pats as I would a steak. Care must be
used in turning them or they will break
apart, but I prefer to take the care and
even have them broken some than to
use flour in making them — it injures the
flavor so much. Do not salt until they
are done. If I have so much Hamburg
that it dries out before I can use it, I
moisten it with water or milk, but by
keeping it covered it does not dry out
quickly. When it threatens to spoil
before I can fry it all, I make a beef
loaf of it, and we all enjoy it that way
for a change. The meat you chop your¬
self is far superior to what you can buy
chopped at the shop.
The food chopper also comes into use
for grating cocoanuts and chocolate,
making hash, mincemeat, chowder, any¬
thing that requires grating or chopping.
I have even heard it advocated for chop¬
ping the ice to use in making ice cream.
I never tried it for that, but may next
Summer.
What a beautiful letter L. S. wrote
us some time ago on “The Secret of
Hospitality.” We see so much more of
this hospitality in the count) y than in
town or city, where the guest is taken
in just as one of the family without
strenuous days of cleaning and polish¬
ing and cooking of delicacies, wearing
out the hostess before the guest arrives.
I so long to be just myself with every¬
one, and not try to appear to have the
same high standard of living as Mrs.
So-and-so, who hires most of her work
done. It is a hard matter for simple
hospitality to thrive in the city. There
is so much wealth, so much entertaining
done on an elaborate scale with smart
receptions, teas, luncheons, etc., that we
fear our guests will feel insulted if we
invite them to a simple home dinner. I
have entertained people who I am con¬
fident spoke scornfully of my simple
ways and did not appreciate their peep
into our home life. I console myself by
thinking that they were friends who
were not worth while. However, I can¬
not help but shrink from entertaining
those whom I know are accustomed to’
luxuries which I cannot give them. I
suppose that I ought to go on being hos¬
pitable in my own simple way, and not
be troubled. As long as the welcome is
hearty, the food good and wholesome^
and the house reasonably clean and or¬
derly, it should not matter if the rich
dessert is lacking, the silver not polished,
some books and toys out of place, or the
furniture old. The blessing of exercis¬
ing hospitality is one for which we
should strive and still not live beyond
our means nor make untrue pretensions.
Our guest, if he be an honest soul, will
enjoy his visit better and think all the
more of us for such entertainment.
Who would not rather have an honest
copper cent than a spurious five dollar
gold piece? G. b. w.
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurements
desired.
The dress that closes at the front is
always- practical one for young girls. In
the illustration it is made of batiste
trimmed with striped lawn cut on the
bias, but the model will be found a
6985 Girl’s Peasant Dress Closing at
Side Front, IO to 14 years,
good one for various seasonable ma¬
terials. The dress can be worn with
or without a guimpe. The dress con¬
sists of blouse and skirt. The blouse is
cut in one with the sleeves and has only
the hack and the under-arm seams. The
skirt is cut in five gores, the two are
joined by a belt and the closing is made
with buttons and buttonholes. For a
girl of 12 years of age will be needed 5
yards of material 27 inches wide, 4*4
yards 36 or 2?« yards 44 inches wide,
with % yard 27 inches wide for the
trimming. The pattern, No. 6985, is cut
in sizes for girls of 10, 12 and 14 years
of age ; price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures include 6975,
Empire coat with body and sleeves in
one, 34 to 40 bust, with plain or two-
piece back. 3J4 yards of material 27
inches wide, 2(4 yards 36, 2r/i yards 44,
1H yard 27 for collar and trimming, for
medium size. 6971, peasant waist with
bolero effect, for misses and small
women, 14, 16 and 18 years. % yard of
plain material 27 inches wide, 36 or 44
with 1(4 yard of fancy material 27, or
yards 36 or 44 inches wide, 3->4 yards
of banding, (4 yard of all-over lace to
make as illustrated. 1 ->4 yard 27 or 36,
1(4 yard 44 inches wide, Y& yard of all-
over lace, 3J4 yards of banding to make
as shown in back view, for 16 year size.
6948, tucked peasant waist for misses
and small woman, 14, 16 and 18 years,
with lining and round or high neck or
without lining. 2)4 yards of material
27 inches wide, 1(4 yard 36, 1 (4 yard
44, yard 27 for bands for waist, 1 %
yard 36 for guimpe lining, J4 yards of
all-over lace for yoke and undersleeves
for 16 year size. 6927, straight gath¬
ered skirt for misses and small women,
14, 16 and 18 years. 3->4 yards of ma¬
terial 27 inches wide or 36, 2(4 yards
44 with 1 yard of contrasting material
27 for band for the 16 year size. 6986,
child’s one-piece dress with bloomers, 2
to 6 years. 354 yards of material 27
inches wide, 2 J4 yards 36 or 44 for dress
with bloomers, 2 yards 27, 1(4 yard 36
or 44 for dress without bloomers, 2
yards of banding to make as illustrated,
for 4 year size. 6970, nine-gored skirt,
23 to 36 waist with inverted plaits or
habit back, with high or natural waist
line, in walking or round length. 7 yards
of material 27 inches wide, 5 yards 36,
4(4 yards 44 or 52 when material has
figure or nap, 5(4 yards 27, 4 yards 36,
3 yards 44 or 52 when material has
neither figure or nap, width of walking
skirt at lower edge, 234 yards with in¬
verted plaits, 2(4 yards with habit back
for medium size; price of each 10 CLnts.
Brcwn Stew with Dumplings. — Two
pounds of shoulder beef quite fat; cut
into small pieces. Place in kettle ; pour
boiling water over and let boil rapidly
for five minutes. Set on top of range
lid and boil slowly until the water is
evaporated, and meat begins to fry in
its own fat. Watch closely and brown
on all sides. Again cover with boiling
water, add level teaspoon salt, one-
fourth teaspoon pepper, one small onion
minced and two tablespoonfuls of flour,
blended with one-half cupful cold water;
cover and boil until within 10 minutes
of serving time, when the dumplings are
added (about one and one-half hours).
For the dumplings, put into a bowl one-
half pint of flour, one-fourth teaspoon
salt, and one teaspoon baking powder.
Mix thoroughly, and add sufficient milk
to make a soft dough. Drop into stew
from teaspoon and cook 10 minutes.
Arrange dumplings around edge of deep
platter and pour stew into center.
OLD RELIABLE
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FREE TRIAL— I PAY FREIGHT
I will place a. genuine latest model Buckley drop head,
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SEND NO MONEY. GET FREE BOOK
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M. W. BUCKLEY, Manager
Dopl. 46 69 E. VAN BUREN ST., CHICAGO
■ 'I II
Electric Lights make the brightest, safest,
cleanest and most reliable lighting gystem
known for farms and country homes. » The
Dayton Electric Lighting Outfits are low in
cost, easy to install, cost almost nothing to
operate. Give you better lights than most city
people enjoy. Write today (or complete illus¬
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DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO.
231 St. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
Bees on the Farm MiSiJi
will help yon get more pleasure and more profit
from Boo keeping, (i months trial subscription 25e.
Book on Bees and Catalog of Supplies sont free.
THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Box 65. MEDINA, OHIO
How About Your Home?
The Safe, Sure Wai
Are you still taking chances?
Can you afford to risk the lives of your
dear ones and your property, when you
can insure their safety for a small sum of
money invested once in your lifetime?
You insure against fire to receive com¬
pensation in case of loss.
Safety is better than compensation.
And remember, there is no compensation
for life taken by lightning.
The Lesson of Ins
Get safety from lightning and fire in¬
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both for the cost of one. Lightning causes
nearly all country fires. The Dodd System
controls and prevents lightning.
Insurance companies grant low rates of
insurance on buildings protected by the
Dodd System. The decreased cost of
fire insurance quickly repays the cost of
your lightning rods, erected once for all.
arance Companies
DODO & STRUTHERS
437 Sixth Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa
Beniamin
Franklin
Originator of
Lightning
Control.
West
Dodd
Who Perfected
the Dodd
System.
Over 2000 Fire Insurance Companies specially endorse and urge the protection
of buildings by the Dodd System, because it is to their interest to do so. The
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of Lightning Protection
One of Tens of Thousands
Not a miracle. No home protected as this one is ever was destroyed
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The DODD SYSTEM
560
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
April 29,
Live Stock and Dairy
BETTER STOCK.
A Farmer’s Dairy Herd.
C. D. Dayton, of Pennsylvania, is a
fanner who has brought about a great im-
provement in all lines, but especially in his
dairy. Improvement commenced about 1901.
Before that time Mr. Dayton had been con¬
sidered a successful money-making farmer.
During 1900 a neighbor from time to time
would lend his dairy paper (Hoard’s Dairy¬
man) to Mr. Dayton. During that read¬
ing interest was aroused. January 1, 1902,
upon looking over statements from creamery,
it was found that average receipt per cow
was $31 for the year. In February, 1902,
a cream separator was installed, and since
that time the product has been made into
butter on the farm. A silo was built in
1902 and has been used ever since. At
the time of purchasing the separator, a
Babcock tester was also purchased. Com¬
posite samples were taken for a week, milk
from each cow being weighed at each milk¬
ing. Before the test was made it was
proposed that cows be ranked in order as to
test to judge by anything and everything.
One Jersey and her daughter, giving fine
messes of “rich,” yellow milk tested 2.9
and 3.2 per cent. ; needless to say, they
were sold at once. A purebred Jersey
bull was purchased. Receipts per cow for
1902 were $45 ; cows milked, 30. For a
time milk was weighed three days per
month, samples being taken for test ; re¬
sults multiplied by 10 gave monthly pro¬
duction. In the Winter of 1902-3 one son
was sent to dairy school at Pennsylvania
State College. Receipts for 1903 were $60
per cow, only difference being weeding out
poor cows. But in 1904 eight grade Jersey
heifers from the purebred bull raised the
average to $75, average production, 260
pounds of butter. Poor cows were culled
out at any price, as new stock took its
place, all stock being raised. Average went
to $90, then to $100 per cow ; this is re¬
ceipts for butter alone. The average pro¬
duction for the herd in 1910 was 330
pounds of butter. Now, what did this?
Note improvement began when the owner
was interested, in dairy literature. Since
1900 Mr. Dayton is a subscriber and reader
of leading agricultural journals. This led
to purchase of a purebred sire and use of
the scales and Babcock test. In the mind
of the writer these three must go together
for any marked improvement in dairy cat¬
tle. Butter was wholesaled at New York
quotations, skim-milk fed to grade heifers
and hogs; no bulls raised. This is a
farmer’s proposition handled in a business¬
like manner. The entire farm shows as
much improvement as does the herd. Lime
is used, but no commercial fertilizer, al¬
though much fertility is purchased in feed
stuffs. c. E. D.
Susquehanna County, Pa.
Berkshires in Connecticut.
The Berkshire Swine Breeders’ Associa¬
tion of Connecticut is desirous of increasing
its membership, and, to that end, takes this
opportunity of calling your attention to the
fact that there is such an organization in
the State, for the furtherance of the in¬
terests of its favorite breed. There can
be no doubt that the Berkshire is gaiuing
in popularity in all sections of the coun¬
try, and with the increased interest in
corn growing (particularly in the East)
this is as it should be. There is no animal
on the farm that will show as much profit,
for the money expended, as a well-bred, well-
fed Berkshire hog— a pedigree is, of course,
necessary to insure purity of blood— but the
final test is the block, and there the Berk¬
shire is well-nigh supreme, as the records
of numerous stockyards and national shows
testify. The Berkshire hog bears the same
relationship to good and cheap pork as the
Jersey and Guernsey cow does to the pro¬
duction of good butter, for the minimum of
food and cost, and when their good points
as grazers, their tendency to fatten easily
when confined to small quarters, and their
docility, are taken into consideration, there
can be no question that they are the best
“handlers” of any breed of hog in the
world. _
Can You Name the Locality ?
The following note is written by a breeder
and farmer about the conditions in his
neighborhood. Without locating the place
how many can tell where such conditions
are found?
“Any old cow or hog is good enough as
long as they are cheap. Farmers raise no
young stock, and as a rule any sire or boar
is good enough so long as he gets young
stuff. This is the case as a rule ; a very
few of the younger generation are com¬
mencing the purchase of purebred sires, but
they have owned them such a short while
that results are not apparent as yet. Most
of the rank and file of the farmers class
a pedigreed animal as “pet stock." smile j
a smile of superior wisdom, and are not
open to conviction. Should you say to one,
My purebred cow produced 400 or 500
pounds butter in the last 12 months and
dropped a calf,’ he is liable to tell you that
‘no cow on God’s green footstool can do
so well ; why I’ve owned lots of cows and I
never had one could do it!’ I am about
the only one of the farmers in this section
who has purebreds to any extent. I have
bred heifers that have at maturity made as
much as 100 pounds more butter in a year
than their dams and I did this by buying
the very best dairy-bred purebred bull my
purse would afford, economizing on the fe¬
males rather than the sire. In selecting my
bull or boar, I paid more account to his
coming from an unbroken line of perform¬
ers at the pail and churn, than prize-win¬
ning ancestry, beauty or anything else. In
other words it was utility I bred fox1. I
may be wrong, I am not infallible, and I
am speaking from a farmer’s standpoint,
i. e., dollai-s and cents, but I reiterate the
best sire you can afford to buy, and follow
on his get with another sire of equal
excellence and you will not go very far
wrong.” _
Some Good Guernseys. — I submit some
facts regarding my herd of May Rose
Guernseys at Linda Vista Farm. The
Linda Vista herd had an average of 9 Ms
cows in milk during the year 1910. I find
that the herd produced 66,160 pounds of
milk and 3197.83 pounds of butter fat.
This is an average of 7,352 pounds of milk
per cow and 357.20 pounds of butter fat
per cow. In this statement no allowance is
made for the fact that nearly every one
of the cows was dry for an average of
about six weeks previous, to calving. At¬
tention is also called to the fact that sev¬
eral of the animals were heifers in milk
for the first time. In January, 1911, nine
cows avei-aged 881 pounds of milk and
44.04 pounds of butter fat, the average but¬
ter fat content being five per cent. In the
28 days of February the average was 768
pounds, and 38.60 pounds of butter fat. the
average per cent of butter fat 5.02. Thus
far in March the pi’oduction shows quite a
material inci-ease, both in milk and butter
fat. All figures given are based on actual
weighing of the milk at each milking and
monthly tests for butter fat, a part of them
being based on the report of a two-days’
test by the official inspectoi\ I take this
opportunity of calling to your attention the
fact that it was largely the result of an
answer from you to an inquiry regarding
the different breeds of dairy cattle that I
became so deeply interested in the Guern¬
sey ; and while the other bi’eeds undoubtedly
have merit, I confess I am more than
pleased that I selected the Guernsey as my
choice. louis e. p. smith.
Massachusetts.
On page 248 I saw an article headed “A
Good Cow,” and I thought perhaps I had
two good ones that you would like to hear
about. These ai-e grade Jerseys, one of
which became fresh January 17, 1910. and
the other March 28. 1 DIO, so both were dry
and freshened in 1910, and from January
1, 1910, to Jan. 1, 1911, we sold in milk
and cream and some butter $354.46. We
used in our family and furnished my son's
family an average of four quarts per day,
or 1,460 quarts at six cents per quart, the
price we sold the milk foi-, $87.60. Butter
made and used, 156 pounds, at 30 cents per
pound, $46.80, making a total of $486.86 for
the year. Customers all came to the house
for the milk and cream. G. a. s.
Carthage, N. Y.
Hie Milk Pail
Keeps
Milk
Clean
Will you try
one 10 Days
Free ?
We take all chances, for we know you
will like it. Sent on trial prepaid. If not
satisfactory, return at our expense. All
dairymen approve it. The
Sterilac Milk Pail
I* the only one that Is a real success at keeping milk clean,
'ibere is no chance tor coninniinat on. Milk, pure ami
sweet, just as it is drawn from the cow, goes straight into
the pali ami It Is all that does go there. ‘'Dirt shelf’
catches all hair, dost or tilth that falls from the cow or
adders. Milk “keeps” lonsrer because it i< really pure.
The pail is right shaped, strong, made to last. Easy to
leash. You can’t know how good it Is till you see it and
try it. I»i Ice $2.50. Ask your dealer. If he hasn’t it we
will send trial pall prepaid. Return if you don’t like it.
STERILAC COMPANY, 5 Merchants Row, Eoston, Mass.
CHR. HANSEN'S
DANISH BUTTER COLOR
MAKES PRIZE-WINNING BUTTER
Purely Vegetable and Guaranteed under all
Pui-e Food Laws, State and National.
ItENNET TABLETS and CHEESE
COLOR TABLETS for Cheese
Making on the Farm
JUNKET TABLETS for dainty milk
desserts and iee cream
JUNKET Bit AND BUTT E K M I I. K
TABLETS
Manufactui’ed and put up only by
CHR. HANSEN’S LABORATORY
Box 1106, Little Falls, N. Y.
Om I |P P| | DO— Front imported stock. Females
UULLIL rUlOcheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
SCAB— Cured
CHOLERA— Prevented
BY THE USE OF
MINOR’S FLUID
SHEEP AND HOG
DIP
Kills ticks, lice, etc.
Cures mange, scurvy
The W. E. Minor Disinfectant Co.
1518 Columbus Rd. Cleveland, O.
Keep
Your
Hennery
Clean
and
Sweet
Woe to the hen
man whose neglect
allows countless
germs to endanger
the lives of his fowls.
Clean up; throw out dirty
refuse ; spray everywhere, using a
solution of Dr. Hess Dip and Dis¬
infectant, 1 part Dip to 70 of water.
Repeat in a few days and you’ll be
free of lice.
Dr. HESS DIP
and Disinfectant
prevents germ diseases of live stock —
destroys lice, sheep ticks, fleas and
parasitic skin diseases and is a
reliable deodorizer. Meets the Gov¬
ernment requirement as a dip for
sheep scab.
Write for booklet.
DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.
THE PERCH ERON SOCIETY OF
AMERICA
Has 338 new members since December 1st, 1910,
exclusive ot' the 137 new members added by
taking over the -Percheron Registry Company,
Columbus, Ohio. More than 3500 stockholders
March 15th, 1911. The only recognized Perchex’on
record. Good pure bred mares will do your farm
work and raise more valuable coits than grade
mares. For information address WAYNE
DINS M ORE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards,
Chicago, III.
PH Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
UU at farmers' price's. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Penna. R.R.. 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
ERGHERON
STALLIONS and MARES
Imported and home-bred. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 80 years an importer and breeder of prize winners.
E I, W O O I) S . AKIN
170 South Street, Auburn, N. Y.
SWINE
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Not tlie cheapest, but the best. Special offering of
Spring pigs, single or mated, for breeding. Cata¬
logue on application.
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburgli, Pa.
LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS
Am now booking orders for ti week old Pigs, Regis- j
tered, at $15.00 per pair. If you are looking for the j
genuine Bacon Hog, try a pair this spring. Address
HILLHUKST FARM, Orchard Park. N. Y.
_
Reg, P. Chinas, Berkshires, C, Whites,
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
Pups, Beagles ami Poultry. Write for
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Ercildoun Pa.
lbs"9TToirfhs
Jersey Reds fatten easily S quickly. 1
Small-boned, long-bodied, vigorous I
& prolific. Meat unsurpassed. Hovel
some choice offerings now. Write |
for catalog and prices. Arthur J.
^BoxJi^loorestowiKN^J^
1
DAIB-TT CATTLE
APRIL OFFERING
of Maple Hurst Stock Fai’ms, Guilford, Conn.:
Fantim’s Zac Taylor, head of our Guernsey herd,
is offex-ed for sale to avoid inbreeding; as fine an
animal as stands in U. S.; guaranteed perfect in
every respect. Also one Yeailing Guernsey Bull
sired by above-named bull and from a dam produc¬
ing 42 44 pounds of milk per day, testing 5. 4-5.6.
Three Registered Berkshire Boars, models of per¬
fection in form and points, weighing from 175 to 200
pounds each; seven months old. Four unregistered
but full-blooded C. W. Boars, 14 months old; all
magnificent animals; must be sold to make room.
Guaranteed Tuttle Strain S. and D. C. R. 1. R. Eggs
for hatching, $1.00 per 15; $5,00 per 100. Imperial
Pekin Duck Eggs, $1.00 peril; $7.00 per 100. Two
Registered Jersey Bull Calves, four to five months
old, from heavy producing stock and Pogis blood.
The First Check Gets Him .
ONTARIO AMERICA DE KOI
Born Feb. 19, 1911. Sire, America De Kol Burke ;
dam, Belle Hartog De Kol, butter, seven days, 27.05;
30 days, 106.75. Dam gave 2,439.6 lbs. milk in March.
Price $250, crated, f. o. b. Charlotte,
CLOVE It IX ALE FARM, Charlotte, N. Y.
C. S. Lunt, Owner J. J. Eden, Manager
ALLAMUCHY FARM HOLSTEINS
We offer well bred bull calves out of A. R. O.
dams at reasonable prices. Send for list before
placing your order. ALLAMUCHY, N. J.
ftWfi HOLSTEINS
are bi’ed for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illusti’ated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI AN ASSN OF AMERICA
K.L. HOUGHTON, SEC’Y.BOXIOS.BRATTLEBORO.VT.
Robinson’s HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresli and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON, Edmkston, N. Y.
Jersey Bulls For Spring Service
Fi-om Son of "The Imported Jap.” Dams are
Flying Fox, Financial King. Stoko Pogis, and
Combination Blood. Also Fertile Eggs from
Young’s S. C. W. Leghorns, Wrights W. Wyan-
dottes, and Tuttle’s R. and S. C. R. I. Reds, $1.00
per 15, $5.00 per 100. Satisfaction guaranteed.
SHELDONCROFT, Silver Lake, Pa.
Clias. B. Dayton, Supt.
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern’s Jubi¬
lee still bends the herd. What do you want ?
Will also sell full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. V.
H
PIGS.
omestead Herd !
DUROC-JERSEY RED SWINE, BRED
GILTS, SERVICE BOARS AND SPUING
R. W. McALLEN, Pannettsburg, Pa.
Breed Up— Not DownTVr'™'i«SST5
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. It. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Pnrolia Qtnoli Farm- Registered Jersey Bulls
LUICIU1 OlUvn r a I III ajm Heifers, 6 monthsto 2
years Old. Chester White, Boland China and
Berkshire Pigs. Scotch Collie Pups and a variety
of poultry. Send two-cent stamp for circular.
EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Pa.
Millr PradiiTurv for Now York City market
lulin riUUuvGIN desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville. N. Y.
SWIUE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN TAN, N. Y
LARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD— Special Offering
of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
up. They should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity, H. C. S H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
SPRINGBAHK BERKSHIRES.- ft,
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters ail sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON. Piunrietor, Marbledala, Conn.
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Orders booked for Spring Pigs. August and
September pigs from litters averaging ten.
. . . Catalogue on application . . .
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg;, Pa.
DUROC PIGS, $8. YVliite Buff Rocks and Leghorn
eggs, $2. Serene Wicks, DeGraff, Ohio.
SHELDON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. E. BARNES, Oxford. N. Y.
Contains full information and complete feeding directions foi using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
Mo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester. England, in 180IL
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
1911.
THE RURAL N K W -YORKK LX
561
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeoir:g mixtures of grains
and fodders. No detinite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses Of foods. By ‘ protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, wnile “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
— a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydratas.
A Narrow Ration.
We are feeding our cows a ration com¬
posed of 50 pounds Ajax flakes, 17 *4
pounds corn and oats ground together,
most cob taken out; 17 Ms pounds rye feed,
15 pounds wheat middlings. We feed about
eight pounds of this per cow per day, and
in addition about one pound old process oil
meal. The rye feed is guaranteed 13.50
protein, three per cent fat. Is this too nar¬
row a ration, and how could we improve it?
We have just started to feed this, as we
have been unable to got Ajax flakes in this
vicinity until recently. The cost of va¬
rious feeds here is as follows ; Ajax flakes,
$31 per ton; rye feed. $24; oil meal $2.10
per 100 ; wheat middlings, $28 per ton ;
corn and oats, $25 per ton ; gluten feed,
$28 per ton ; wheat bran, $28 per ton ;
sucrene dairy feed, $25. In addition to
the ration described above we feed plenty
of good clean mixed clover and Timothy
hay three times a day, with plenty of good
water and salt every other dav. Cotton¬
seed meal would be hard for us to get here.
What improvements would vou suggest?
New York. M D
The ration you are feeding analyses
about as follows :
Digestible
Dry
Feeding stuff. Matter.
18 lbs. mixed hay
and clover . .15.06
4 lbs. Ajax flakes. 3.68
1.4 lb. corn and
oats ground . 1.246
1.4 rye feed . 1.24
1.2 wheat middlings 1.056
1 lb oil meal O. P. . .91
Pro- Carbs
tein. and Fat.
1.116
.924
.1218
.14
.1536
.293
8.28
2.611
.8736
.70
.7284
.485
Nutritive ratio 1 :5
23.702 2.7484 13.678
You will see by this that you are
feeding a rather narrow ration, but it is
very good considering the ingredients
available. I would suggest, however,
that you increase your corn and oats to
two pounds and use two pounds of
wheat bran instead of the rye feed and
wheat middlings which you are feeding
Most ©f the rye feed on the market con¬
tains a comparatively small amount of
rye, the trade name "rye feed” being
adopted for the sole purpose of working
off some waste product like oat hulls
or ground corncobs as a “filler” un¬
known to the person buying the feed.
In buying any feed of this class it is
important to ask your dealer for a copy
of its analysis, showing its digestibility,
and then send a copy with sample of
feed to your State experiment station
for comparison. If your dealer will not
give you this analysis showing the per
cent of digestible nutrients which the
feed contains, it would be advisable to
let him keep his feed, as that is sufficient
proof that it is not sold on its merits.
The analysis of a feed is not, however,
the only guide to go by, as some feeds
which show a high per cent of diges¬
tible protein are not very valuable when
it comes to the production of milk, so
you see practical experience with a feed
is necessary before its true worth can
be decided conclusively. c. s. G.
Ration with Home-grown Grains.
Will you furnish me with a balanced ra¬
tion based on the following materials now
on hand and supplemented with purchased
feeds as advisable? Cows weigh 800 to
1,000 pounds. A little pure clover hay,
unlimited mixed hay, clover and Timothy,
rather inferior corn fodder, corn on the
ear, buckwheat, rye. Next Winter I shall
have Alfalfa (planted last year) and plenty
of pure Red clover. h. d. o.
New York.
If you want to feed your home-grown
grains, I would suggest the following
ration, which is nearly balanced :
Feeding stuff.
5 lbs. clover hay .
12 lbs. mixed clover
and Timothj
2 lbs. coinmeai
2 lbs. ground buek-
Dry Digestible Carbs
matter Protein and fat.
lbs.
lbs.
ground rye .
dry distillers’
Nutritive ratio 1 :5.6.
4.25
.34
1.98
10.44
.744
5.52
1.78
.158
1.528
1.74
.154
1.066
1.76
.198
1.4
3.68
.924
2.611
23.65
2.511
14.105
Of course your whole grains must be
ground and your corn on the cob should
be shelled and the cob removed. If you
find this ratio constipating, not contain¬
ing any succulence, you should add about
one pound of oil meal per day for each
cow. While this should produce fairly
satisfactory results, you could make a
better ration by selling your rye and
buckwheat and buying some wheat bran
and dried beet pulp, but your local con¬
ditions and prices must be taken into
consideration before this plan could be
called feasible. Your inferior corn fod¬
der should be cut in short lengths and
placed where the cows can have free
access to it every day while they are out
in the yard for exercise. If, however,
you have more than you can dispose of
in this way you could steam some of the
cut fodder and feed it in the barn mixed
with the grain ration, but in this case
you should add one or two pounds of
cotton-seed meal as your ration would
be deficient in protein. c. s. G.
Summer Dairy Ration
Would you give mo a good ration for out
dairy during the Summer months? The
cows are high-grade Holsteins, two-ydar-
olds and full aged cows, averaging 1,000 to
1,100 pounds each. The herd of 18 pro¬
duced 15,500 pounds of milk during the
month of March. With the exception of one
two-year-old heifer, the cows have been
milked all Winter, and some of them for
nearly a year. They will have pasture grass
until August 1. when green corn will be
added and continued until frost. Follow¬
ing are some of the feeds obtainable here :
Brewers' grains, $25; common!, $22.50;
I iran and ship, $26 to $27 ; ground oats,
$30; cotton-seed meal, $33; oil meal, $40 v
gluten, $2G ; beet pulp, $25. w. j. a.
New York.
If your cows have plenty of good pas¬
ture until August and green corn added
at that time I would not advise feeding
much grain during the flush feed of
June, gradually increasing as the pas¬
ture grass becomes dry and hard. At
the prices mentioned I would feed equal
parts of dried brewers’ grains and gluten
feed if of good quality. If you notice
any of your cows growing poor add a
little cornmeal to the ration, the amount
depending upon the condition in which
you wish to get your cows. c. s. G.
Improving Dairy Rations.
I am feeding my cows a mixture of 100
pounds bran and 200 pounds good gluten.
I have four cows and feed about seven
pounds per day ; have only had them a' few
days. They now give abchit 20 pounds
each a day. They have plenty of very good
early cut mixed hay. Bran costs here $1.40
and gluten $1.30. How can I improve this
ration? r. f. w.
New York.
Forget the Hired Help Nightmare
Are yonr men milking ten cows an hour ? One practical man
with a Sharpies Mechanical Milker will milk at the rate of
forty cows per hour. Don’t be dependent on hired help any
longer — increase the herd.
Cows take to it kindly — it uses
The Teat Cup With The Upward Squeeze
Sharpies Mechanical Milker
This shows a portion of the dairy barn of S. H. Parke, who is milking over one hundred
cows with a .Sharpies Mechanical Milker, supplying high class inilk to the Philadelphia
market. Read what he says about his machine:
Meadow Brook Farm, East Bradford. Pa.. 11-20-10.
Gentlemen I have a Sharpies Mechanical Milker in my barn and use it twice
every day. It gives good satisfaction, both as to time and cleanliness and conven¬
ience. \\ e do not see how we could get along without it. We have no hired help
to work with the milking, as my children do it all with the machine. It is very easy
to learn and to wash and it saves lots of labor. It is the most wonderful invention I
have ever seen. Samuel H. Parke.
Write for Catalogue “E” to Sales Dept.
DAIRY SPECIALTY CO., West Chester, Pa.
You could improve your present ra¬
tion by adding 100 pounds of dried dis¬
tillers’ grains made from corn) and 50
pounds of oil meal. Cows require some
succulence when grass is not in season
and for this purpose silage is largely
used and is generally found to be a
satisfactory and economical feed. Man¬
gels also make a good succulent feed
but are rather expensive to grow. Dried
beet pulp is also good for this purpose
when available. The oil meal is only to
be used in the absence of grass or any
other succulent feed. c. s. G.
THE BOSS CREAM RAISER
will ralBe the cream
between milkings and
give you sweet skim
milk for house and
stock. Ice not necessa¬
ry, cold wellorsprlng
water will do the
work. No skimming,
nocrocks and pans to
handle. TEN DAYS
FREE TRIAL. Prlco
$3.25 and up. 50,000
of these machines in use today. Send for Free Catalog.
8LUFFT0N CREAM SEPARATOR CO. BOX M, BLUFFTON. 0.
_ I YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
V *Tfree. Grand Rapids Veterinary
I College, Dep.16, Grand ltapids, Mich.
AGENTS $3 a Day
NEW PATENTED LOCKSTITCH
AWL
Sow* Shoos, _ , _ _ _
Harness, Buggy Tops, Canvas, Grain _
Bags, Anything. Sella at light. Astonishing low~pHce to
agents. Big profits. To show it means a sale. Wewai * sfsw
good, live hustlers in each county. Splendid opportunity to
make big money. No oxporlence needod. Write quick —
now — for torms. A postal will do. Send no money.
A. MATHEWS, 6065 Wayna Street, DAYTON, OHIO
Startright.. Free Hook— How toobtain, finance
and promote patents. Send sketch, free search.
EARNHAM & SUES, Pat. Attys., Ad. 36, Washington, D.C.
Why DE LAVAL Cream
Separators Are Best
De Laval the Logical Leader
It is not due to any mere stroke of luck or freak of
circumstances that the De Laval Cream Separator
has maintained first place in the esteem of cream
producers ever since its invention in 1878. There is
a reason for everything if we but know it and there
are many reasons why the De Laval is now and
always has been the best cream separator.
De Laval the First Practical Separator
Dr. DeLaval invented the first successful continuous
cream separator because he had worked harder, was
better informed, and knew more about the centrifugal
separation of cream from milk than any other man
who had attempted it.
Starting with this advantage the De Laval Company,
has maintained its lead in the improvement and de¬
velopment of the separator, step by step from year to
year, because it has always had an organization better
equipped in every way to build the best separator than
any one or all of its would-be competitors combined.
World- wide De Laval Organization
The De Laval organization extends the world over,
with a number of the finest and largest shops in the
world in America, Sweden, Germany, France, Austria,
Russia and other countries. Everyone of these shops
is devoted solely to the building of separators.
Their manufacture is not simply incidental to that of
something else, as is the case on the part of every
would-be competitor. No other separator shops com¬
pare with them in size, equipment or volume of pro¬
duction. They produce more separators in a day than
any competitor in a week or most of them in a month.
De Laval Designers Most Experienced
The De Laval organization of separator scientists,
experts, engineers, designers, practical manufacturers
and skilled workmen of all classes, not only in one
country but a half dozen, is unapproached by all
would-be competitors combined. The De Laval Cream
Separator as we know it today is the composite pro¬
duction of these men of many shops and many
countries, the amalgamation of the longest and best
separator experience in the world.
All Important Cream Separator Patents
Controlled by De Laval Company
Moreover, the principal features devised in the con¬
struction and development of the De Laval machine^
have naturally been covered by patents, numbering
several hundred in all. so that, however great their
knowledge of De Laval machines, would-be com¬
petitors have been compelled to utilize means of
construction which would avoid infringement of these
patents, and thus forced to adopt less efficient and
less desirable methods until certain De Laval patents
had expired, by which time the construction covered
by such patents had been discarded and abandoned or
further improved in the course of De Laval progress.
De Laval Used Almost Exclusively by
Creameries and Butter Factories
That, briefly, is why De Laval Cream Separators have
maintained their supremacy, regardless of one com¬
petitor or another, increasing their sale year by year
until their already nearly universal use in larger sizes
by creameries, butter factories and milk stations is
rapidly becoming as general in the farm and dairy
likewise, and for the self-same reasons.
A De Laval catalog or any desired separator information will gladly be sent for the asking .
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR COMPANY
166-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
173-177 William Straet
MONTREAL
29 E. Madison Straet
CHICAGO -
14 A 16 Princess Strsat
WINNIPEG
Drumm & Sacramento Sts.
SAN FRANCISCO
1016 Western Avenue
SEATTLE
6612
April 2'
THE RUKAb NEW-YORKER
The Henyard.
LEG WEAKNESS IN CHICKS.
What causes chicken's leg to grow out
of shape? I have an early brood of B. P.
Rocks that have grown splendidly, but three
of them have weak, crooked legs, although
their appetites are as good as ever. They
are housed in a dry, sunny coop with plenty
•f earth on the floor. R. B.
Massachusetts.
Leg weakness in growing chicks is due
to various causes ; sometimes to inherited
weakness, sometimes improper feeding
is the cause. “R. B.” refers to their
being “kept in dry, sunny coops, with
plenty of earth on the floor/’ I have
found by experience that it is possible
to have things too “dry” for the best
interest of the chicks. I have seen the
legs of little chicks shrunken because of
too much dryness in their. runs. The
brooder where they stay nights should
not be damp, but the runs may be damp
in some parts without harm, indeed,
with positive benefit to the chicks. I
take a pailful of damp earth— preferably
sand — and dump it in a heap in the runs
and mix the dry grain feed in the earth
so they will have to dig in the damp
ground for it, and when that pailful be¬
comes dry, put in another. The large
breeds are more apt to have leg weak¬
ness than the smaller ones. Keep by the
chicks a dry mash composed of bran,
middlings, pin-head oats, or oatmeal,
sifted beef scraps and hone meal. Here
is a good formula: Eight parts wheat
bran, three parts cornmeal, three parts
middlings, four parts sifted beef scraps,
one part bone meal, by measure. If it
is not an inherited weakness this feed¬
ing ought to help them.
GEO. A. COSGROVE.
CHEESE-BOX CHICK BROODERS.
I did not know until recently that cheese
boxes could be utilized to make heatless
brooders, but a reference to brooders so
made appeared in an article by Mr. Cos¬
grove in The R. N.-Y. a few weeks ago.
To utilize these boxes, which are thrown
away by grocers and provision dealers, was
a happy thought by some one, as they are
just the proper form and height to make
brooders. I had been thinking for some
time what waste package made of wood
would answer the purpose, but could think
of nothing that had straight sides. The
cheese box, however, completely solves the
question. I have seen no directions for
making these brooders, and the question
..<i
o
t 2 3
DIAGRAMS OF BROODER. Fig. 180.
arose how to make the cloth cover over the
chickens’ backs quickly and easily adjust¬
able to different heights. We finally hit
upon a plan which is both simple and sat¬
isfactory, and can be made in 10 minutes.
Take two pieces of wire of proper length
and possessing some stiffness and straighten
them. Make a loop in the end of each.
We used wire about one-eighth-inch in di¬
ameter. On the sides of the cheese box at
four points selected, draw straight vertical
lines. Starting at about three inches from
the bottom of each, space them off by pen¬
cil marks every half inch up the side of the
box ns high as is desired. With an awl or
small bit make holes through the sides of
the box at the points indicated by the pen¬
cil marks. Then slip the wire pins through
the holes at any required height, letting
them come out through the holes on the
opposite side of the box. This makes four
points of support for the wire ring on
which the cloth is stretched.
Connecticut. w. L. chamberi.aix.
HEN AND COW CONTEST.
It seems to me that could this contest'
be arranged it would have to be in one of
two ways, either hens and cow would have
to be held down to food value of eggs and
milk produced, or else be allowed to make
the most possible of eggs and milk in any
way cither party may think to his advan¬
tage. For instance, the cow man could
start his cow in the contest the day be¬
fore she freshened, trade her calf for two
brood sows which will farrow in a few
days, and produce 20 good pigs ; feed the
pigs till nearly a year old. kill and sell
them, and if well fed would bring perhaps
$500. At the end of seven months from
beginning of contest the sows would pro¬
duce 20 more pigs which when five months
old would bring probably $200 more, mak¬
ing $700 to the cow's credit, and if we
credit up the sows at end of year they
would offset the loss of a pig or two, and
during all this time we could have fed
all these pigs some of the milk produced
by the cow, and I am sure the cow should
have credit for the money from the pig
deal just as much as those 104 hens should
have credit for the 480 dozen eggs Mr.
Dougan says those 60 first selected pullets
laid before January 1, 1910.
On page 234 Mr. Dougan invites criti¬
cisms of his figures. He says on that page
the first 60 pullets chosen laid 480 dozen
eggs before January 1. 1910, and the whole
number laid during the year was 21,464
eggs. Taking the 480 dozen from 21,464
eggs we have left only 15,704 eggs, and
allow the other 115 selected pullets did not
lay one egg before January 1, 1910, that
only gives each of the 104 old hens only
151 eggs each. How does Mr. Dougan
make out they laid 164 eggs each? Surely
if those other 115 chosen ones laid any¬
thing like the 60 it would bring the record
of the 104 old ones down pretty low, for
think of it: 60 pullets hatched in the Spring
months laid 96 eggs each on an average
before January 1 of the year following that
they were hatched, that is “going some,"
I think.
On page 234 Mr. Dougan says. “I did not
try to see how much I could figure in as
profit, as I think it very foolish to try to
fool yourself; it is nearly as bad as stealing
sheep from your own flock." Now, if it is
not like stealing sheep from your own
flock to credit yourself with $96 for drop¬
pings from 104 hens for one year, pray
what is it like? I believe it is gross re¬
ceipts, not profit Mr. Dougan is figuring, and
what else could he have possibly figured in
that he did not figure?
From a flock of 500 layers for the year
1910 (S. C. White Ijeghorn mainly, just
a few S. C. Black Minorca), I had a net
income of $1,000 or $2 per hen. I say a
net income; I did not charge the poultry
with any labor nor for the mangel wurzels
grown for them, nor anything for depre¬
ciation of plant, nor did I give them any
credit for manure nor for eggs and poultry
used at home, and we use a lot. I think
easily 150 dozen eggs and 50 head of poul¬
try during the year. I am not telling this
to try to match Mr. Dougan, but to show
I am a hen man and not a cow man, and
I believe if you take the value of any cow
in Leghorn hens and pit them against the
cow the hens will win every time with
equal care in a net profit.
New York. Marion lewis.
Below find a record of 60 liens for the
month of February. Most of the hens are
White Leghorns ; I cannot say how many
were laying. They were fed bran, corn and
screenings. The eggs were sold to a con¬
sumer at 20 cents, which was two cents
more than merchants were paying. The
average is more than 60 per cent, of eggs
per hen. Kindly give your opinion of the
record and the feed, etc.
Record of 60 hens for February:
Sold 54% dozen eggs at 20
cents . $10.09
T'sed 18 dozen eggs at 20 cents 3.60
Two settings sold at 75 cents. 1.50
Four hens eaten at 40 cents.. 1.60
- - $16.79
Expenses.
Paid for corn and bran . $7.00
Paid for screenings and oyster
shells . 1.40
- - 8.40
Net gain . $8.39
Virginia. mrs. w. T.
R. N. Y*. — We make this 896 eggs, which
is 15 eggs per hen, or nearly 54 per cent. A
good February record.
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Gents a Rod
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Box 230 MliNCIE, IND.
AND UPWARD
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Wires Inches high Medium Weight Extra hcavj(all No.9)
9 89 23c per rod 37c per rod
10 47 26c per rod 41c per rod
13 65 32c per rod 49c per rod
Special rates beyond this territory.
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CCgiif* F STRONGEST
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1246 E. 56th STREET CLEVELAND, OHIO
48 IN.
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a rod £_ O G
Best high carbon coiled steel
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Catalog — fences, tools. Buy
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Mi’ON FENCE CO., LEESBURG, O
Cultivates Two
Rows at the
Same Time.
$41.00
Complete with
Three - Horse
Hitch and
Fenders.
The David Bradley Tu-Ro Cultivator
([The only successful two-row cultivator made. Built to withstand the
severest strain and hardest usage. Saves horse flesh, time and labor. One
man or boy and three horses do the work of two single row machines.
([The Tu-Ro embodies the famous David Bradley patented pivot axle
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The Bradley Expanding Lever regulates
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Depth Regulation Lever for each gang
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Short Hitch and Direct Draft: easy on
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Wheels, 42 inches high, wide tires, stag¬
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Materials, only the best of steel and
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make it better.
What Tu-Ro
B. F. D. No. 4, Box 82, Blissfield, Mich.
Sears. Roebuck and Co., Chicago. III.
Gentlemen: — I want to say that the David
Bradley Tu-Ro Cultivator I bought of you is the
best put up and most satisfactory cultivator I
ever owned. No more single row cultivators for
me. 1 hitched three horses to the Tu-Ro, one
an unbroken colt, and started in to work. My
boy had its operation learned in no time, and
the work he did with the machine was an eye
opener to my neighbors. At least twenty-five
farmers have been over to see my Tu-Ro work
and I think nearly every one of them will get
one, too. If anyone wants to know how good a
machine your Tu-Ro is, tell them to write to me.
_ Yours truly, A. J. SELL.
Users Say.
R. F. D. No. 4, Box 41, Marlon, Iowa.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, Ill-
Gentlemen I am well pleased with my David
Bradley Tu-Ro Cultivator. 1 have plowed corn
crossways, used it in sod, cornstalks, and for
fall plowing. I can guide it with one foot and
dodge every crooked hill. A neighbor saw it
work and said: “That suits me,” and then went
over to another man plowing with a singles row
and told him I was doing better work. I plowed
8 acres the first half day. the first time over
and it did not cover up any more than a single
row. I also like it because it is close to the
ground and I can always see both rows. I
am advising all my neighbors to get a Tu-Ro.
Yours truly, LEWIS WEIS-
([Our big General Catalog shows pictures, complete description and prices
of the Tu-Ro Cultivator, also David Bradley plows, harrows, planters,
single row cultivators, manure spreaders, etc., the farm tools backed
by eighty years of knowing how. If you have not a copy, send today
for our Book of David Bradley Farm Implements.
We can always supply promptly any repair part for any Bradley
implement, no matter when or where bought.
SEARS.ROEBUCKK
663
• 1911.
THAT CELEBRATED GUERNSEY CASE.
Did Missy Give Nine Per Cent Milk?
Part III.
As we have pointed out, the case of
this Guernsey cow hinges on that sam¬
ple of milk. We have shown that it
had all the appearance of a sample of
five per cent milk to which extra cream
had been added. If we are correctly in¬
formed this cow, Missy, gave about a
five per cent milk whenever she was
watched and tested by outsiders for any
length of time. The special committee
which was appointed to investigate gives
at some length a report by Prof. IT. C.
Sherman. His argument is that milk
high in fat also contains high percent¬
age of solids not fat, protein, ash, etc.
He compiles analyses of normal milk
which with two exceptions show that
when the fat is high the other solids
are also high. You will remember that
the sample said to be Missy’s milk con¬
tained 8.98 per cent fat and 8.83 per
cent solids not fat. The two exceptions
noted by Prof. Sherman were as fol¬
lows :
No. 1G. This sample was from a very
old and feeble cow, which had not been
milked regularly, and was killed the next
day : Yield the day of test, six pounds.
No. 17. This sample was taken im¬
mediately upon the arrival of the cow, after
a railway journey. Yield for the day only
about eight pounds.
These cases do not explain the
strange analysis of Missy’s milk. She
was giving a large mess — not six or
eight pounds as those cows were. She
was vigorous and strong, while those
other cows were old and feeble, or tired
out from a long journey. They present
no argument therefore to prove that it
was probable that Missy gave nearly
1200 pounds of milk containing more
fat than other solids. In fact, as we
read it, Prof. Sherman’s argument
makes it clear that normal milk, upon
which an important test should be made,
ought to show a high per cent of solids
not fat.
We have no quarrel with this com¬
mittee. As Mr. Hammond says, they
did a lot of hard and unpleasant work,
but we think their conclusions are open
to fair criticism. Their explanation of
these remarkable tests is that Missy am}
the other cow, Glenanaar, were suffer¬
ing from hoof rot. They both ate their
full grain rations, “fully recovered” in
two days, and gave from 27 to 30
pounds of this high-tested milk each
day. Does any dairyman who ever
milked a cow think that an animal which
can do that is sick enough to be respon¬
sible for that remarkable milk analysis?
Prof. Sherman quotes the analysis of
three cows suffering from foot rot, on
which this committee laid great stress.
Here they are :
No. 1. Fat 8.76%. Solids not fat 9.01
No. 2. Fat 9.18%. Solids not fat 10.63
No. 3. Fat 10. %. Solids not fat 10.61
These figures go to prove what has
already been stated, that in cases of high
per cent fat the solids not fat are still
higher. And here are a few analyses
of the milk given by cows that were
actually sick. This list, which might be
greatly extended, is taken from “Foods.
Their Composition and Analysis” (page
252) : . .
Analysis of Milk from Sick Cows.
Per Per Cent.
Cent. Solids
Fat. Not Fat. Disease.
2.8 11.04 Garget.
3.75 6.14 Milk fever.
3. 2.96 9.07 Pneumonia.
4. 6.05 11.12 Impaction of
_ rumen.
o. 1) 2.77 8.21 Pulmonary tuber-
„ culosis.
6. 1) 3.83 9.88 Pulmonary tuber-
_ _ culosis.
i, 2) 2.60 6.80 Pulmonary tuber-
„ „ culosis.
8. 2) 3.28 9.11 Pulmonary tuber-
„ culosis.
9- 0.49 4.86 Tuberculosis of ud-
„ der.
10. a (0.15 (6.83 Tuberculosis of ud¬
der.
10. b (13.75 (14.32 Tuberculosis of ud-
„ „ „ der.
11- 4.40 11.86 Retention of after-
^ birth.
12. 1.49 7.05 Typhus.
1 From the same cow ; 2) from the same
cow ; 10a from diseased quarter; 10b from
healthy quarter.
In all these cases the per cent of
solids not fat in the milk is higher*
THK RURAh NEW-YORKER
than the fat content and there is not a
case in the list where the entire secre¬
tion of a sick cow contained nine per
cent of fat. As a general rule, the milk
of really sick cows will contain ab¬
normally low fat contents, and the
solids not fat are just as apt to be
above normal as below, but will also be
higher than the fat. The milk flow of
the above cows is only given in two
cases, viz., No. 7, one gallon, and No.
8, 70 cubic centimeters, or about W/2
ounces. In other cases, the cows gave
doubtless more milk than this, but we
may safely assume that there was not a
single cow in the bunch that gave nearly
30 pounds of milk. In seems evident,
therefore, that a cow that does give as
much milk as that, cannot be very sick
and that the fat in her milk could not
jump from 4.89 to nearly nine per cent
without there being a still greater
change in the opposite direction in the
flow of milk.
Next week we can go still further
into this question of “hoof rot” and
this curious sample of milk.
The Dairymen’s League.
I would like to know full particulars
about the Dairymen’s League, their rules
and how they help the farmers. Do you
think they will help us farmers In getting
a better price for our milk? We are get¬
ting four cents a quart for milk delivered
to Philadelphia market ; freight was raised
from 22% to 27% cents on a 40-quart can
on account of new Pennsylvania milk law,
and no raise in the price of milk. All feed
stuff is high. M. F. c.
Cookston, N. J.
Write Albert Manning, Otisville, N. Y.,
for full particulars regarding the Dairy¬
men’s League. This organization is a good
one and ought to be extended.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
Calf Scours Sfu£'Lc”r!
CREL OLL
No Failures Guaranteed
Also the only known remedy for
WHITE DIARRHOEA in poultry.
Caledonia Chemical Co., Caledonia, N. Y.
O EZ Reasons
CO WKy
Utmdllln Silos are far hotter than others will
be mailed you promptly on receipt of yonr
name and address. UNADILLA SILOS have
unobstructed, continuous Door Fronts
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Extra discount for earlv orders. Agents wanted.
ITXADILLA KILO CO.. Box K. Dnadllla, N. Y.
tiff IS
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The only thoroughly manufactured
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The E. W. Ross Co.(Est,1850)
1ELD. OHIO
B.x 13
HPBINOFIi
A Good Judge of Cows
is likely to be a good judge of a cream separator.. The
same quality of brains that enables a man to breed high-
class dairy cattle, leads him to buy the best cream separator.
It is worth noting that the man who produced the
World's Record Holstein cow
COLANTHA 4TH’S JOHANNA,
has a United States Cream Separator. This man is
W. J. Gillette, of Rosendale, Wis.
And do you know that the owner of
JACOBA IRENE,
the great record-breaking Jersey cow, A. O. Auten, of
Jerseyville, Ill., uses the United States Separator on his
farm ?
Also the owners of the wonderful $10,000 Guernsey cow
YEKSA SUNBEAM,
the Rietbrock estate, of Helendale Farms, at Athens,
Wi»., use four United States Separators on their farms.
TWILIGHT LONAN.
Chas. L. Hill, of Rosendale, Wis., owner of the
celebrated Guernsey cow Twilight Lonan, uses a United
States Cream Separator on his farm.
LORETTA D.
F. H. Scribner, of Rosendale, Wis., who developed
the celebrated Jersey cow Loretta D., and who is one of
the great Jersey breeders of the country, uses a United
States Cream Separator.
If the United States Separator is the separator for
these business men and thousands of others, leaders of the
dairy world, why not for you? These experts — men who
know, and do — require the use of a separator which skims
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This is the reason they all choose the United States
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The United States Separator holds World’s Record,
therefore is the World’s Standard Separator.
Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vermont.
Distributing Warehouses in all Dairy Sections.
Send Us 25 Cents TODAY for Box of
Labaree’s Gall Cure
A guaranteed cure for Galls, Sore Shoulders and
Backs, Corns, Cracked Heels. Mud Scalds, Scratches
and Grease, and all skin diseases of cattle, horses and
sheep. Contains no mercury or other harmful drug.
FREE — Book on Treatment of Wounds
. . of Domestic Animals.
VERMONT DRUG CO.. Bellow* Falls. Vt.
Seldom See
a big knee like this, but your horse may-
have a bunch or bruise on his Ankle,
Hock, Stifle, Knee or Throat.
INH
Before After
will clean them off without laying the
horse up. No blister, no hair gone.
12.00 per bottle delivered. Describe your case for
special instructions and Hook 8 E free.
ABSOBBINE, JK., liniment for mankind. Re¬
moves Painful Swellings, Enlarged Glands,
Goitre, Wens, Bruises, Varicose Veins, Varicosities,
Old Sores. Allays Pain. Price $1 and $2 a bottle at
druggists or delivered. Manufactured only by
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F.. 88 Temple St.. Springfield, Ma«.
A $100 HORSE
y quickly become worthless by developing a I
irb, spavin, splint or going lame. Don’t sad'
flee him. Cure bun with
Quinn’s Ointment
I It cures permanently and absolutely all common I
I horse ailments. The unfailing remedy of years
| which has the confidence of horse owners. 3 1 . a
bottle. AU druggists or by mail. Testimonials free.
W. B. Eddy & Co. Whitehall. N. Y.
Milk Fever Outfits.
rYEilOK N BUS, Teat Syphons, Slitters,
•*-' Dilators, etc. Received only award
World’s Fairs Chicago and St. Louis.
Write for Illustrated Catalogue.
HAUSSMANN & DDNN CO.
($92 South Clark Street, Chicago, Ill.
Philadelphia <$IUOS
have a 10 year reputation for strength and efficiency.
Posiitively the only Silos made that have an Opening
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Opening roof works automatically— permits Silos be¬
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Gasoline Engines, Pumps, etc. Get free catalogue.
E. F. SCHLICHTER CO., 129 Fuller Bldg., Phila., Pa.
OUR GUARANTY
We guarantee that the
PAFEC will out and elevate
more silage than any other
cutter, same power being
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ilage 50 feet with less power
’■an any other cutter.
PNEUMATIC
ENSILAGE CUTTER
Always ready for business; easy to set
up and operate; never clogs. Durably
built— no wood to twist and warp. Write
for new book. “How to Prepare Ensilage’’
—its IBii.. Agents wanted in several
localities, attractive proposition.
25 Distributing Points In U S.
PAPEC MACHINE CO.
Box JO Sbortsville, N. Y.
NEWTON’S HEAVE
COUCH, DISTEMPER Alinr-
AND INDIGESTION V/Ul\C. »
The Standard Veterinary Remedy.
Makes the horse sound, Stay sound
DEATH TO HEAVES
The lirst or second $1.00 can cures Heaves. The third
can Is guaranteed to cure or money refunded.
$1.00 per can at dealers, or express prepaid.
THE NEWTON REMEDY CtL, Toledo. Ohio
MINERAL
H E AVE
REMEDY
NE6LECT
Will Ruin
YourHorse1 .
Send today for
only
PERMANENT
SAFE
CERTAIN*
$3 PACKAGE
will cure any case or
money refunded.
$1 PACKACE
cures ordinary cases.
Postpaid on receipt of
price. Agents Wanted.
Write for descriptive booklet.
$1.
Mineral Heave Remedy Co., 461 fourth Avenue. Pittsburg. Pfc
lor a Horse
Save a horse and you won’t
have to buy one. Don’t sell
or destroy any horse on
, account of Spavin, Splint,
Ringbone, Curb, Sprains or
any lameness. Spend one
dollar for a bottle of
Kendall's Spavin Cure
—the old reliable remedy. Thousands have made big
money buying "broken down” horses, then curing
them with Kendall's. Thousands have saved big
money using this sure, quick, economical cure. Mr.
G. H. Corbin of Kingmont, W.Va. , writes:
“Gentlemen;— Have used a great deal |
of Kendall's Spavin Cure and have never '
found anything equal to It. I used it on
a mare which I only paid fifty dollars
for and since 1 cured her of the
Spavin I have refused to take two
hundred dollars for her.
Get Kendall’s Spavin Cure at any
druggist’s. Price, »1 per bottle. '
6 bottles for *5.00. “A Treatise
on the Horse” free at drug¬
gists or from
Dr.B. J. Kendall Co.'
Enosburg Falls, Vermont.U.S.A
654
April 29,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
I have been solicited by an agent repre¬
senting Herbert Myrick for the purchase of
five shares of the stock of the North West
Orange Judd Company, at .$105 per share.
Do you think it a safe investment? It is
guaranteed to pay six per cent, dividend
for five years. H. h.
New York.
It is a coincidence that the following
clipping came since we received the
above inquiry:
The Post Office Department investigated
the subscription lists of several publica¬
tions which are printed in New England,
the Middle West and the Far West, all
under the control of the Myrick concern,
and on the findings of the investigators
notified the company that it would have to
pay first-class rates hereafter instead of
second-class rates. The difference, accord¬
ing .to Myrick, would amount to $18,000
per week. It would more than eat up the
rofits, and would put the concern out of
usiness in a short time. — New York World.
P
b
We have no other facts about the
Post Office investigation further than
this ; but how these papers succeeded
in passing the Post Office officials for
second class mail privileges has been a
matter of comment by legitimate pub¬
lishers for some time. If bringing them
within the limits of the postal regu¬
lations would cost them $18,000 a
week, the investment does not seem al¬
luring. But aside from this feature, let
us look at it from another view. This
company was organized within a year.
The stock authorized is $1,000,000, and
$750,000 worth of this has apparently
been turned over to another Myrick
concern for limited consideration. The
only asset seems to be a paper published
as an edition of one of the Myrick pub¬
lications. From present appearance it
cannot be said to be more than a ven¬
ture. There seems to be $250,000 of the
stock in the treasury. Assuming that
the proceeds of this stock goes to de¬
velop the business, even then the earn¬
ings of 75 cents out of your dollar goes
to the other Myrick concern in which
you may have no interest. If your guar¬
antee is made by a responsible party,
you will of course get your dividend
five years, but you have no guarantee
for dividend or stock afterwards, and
you take a chance on the guarantee be* 1
sides. It is a safe policy to let pub¬
lishers finance their own ventures.
The Human Life Publishing Company
has made an assignment to Herbert H.
White. It is believed that the liabilities
will be in excess of $50,000. The company
was established in .Tune, 1905. for the pur¬
pose of publishing Human Life, a five cent
magazine. Its capital stock was $500,000.
with a par value of $10 a share, all of
which, it is asserted, was issued. In Novem¬
ber of last year it was voted to increase
the capital stock by issuing 30.000 more
shares. It is stated that much of the
company’s stock was taken up by subscrib¬
ers to the magazine. — Daily Paper.
This is one of the publications that
has been selling stock to its readers un¬
der promises of big profits — a Lewis
imitator. Some time ago The R. N.-Y.
was threatened with a libel suit because
it advised its subscribers to keep their
money.
Three indictments of three counts each
against Victor M. Weil, a Boston mine pro¬
moter, charging the use of the mails in a
sch"eme to defraud, were returned by the
Federal Grand Jury April 11. It is charged
that Weil, by misrepresenting the value of
the stock of the Goldfield-Boston Consoli¬
dated Mining Corporation of Nevada, in let¬
ters and printed matter sent through the
mails in 1908, defrauded several persons.
If the Post Office Department keeps
this up it will save the people of the
country millions of dollars annually. It
is simply astonishing to see the amount
of money these rogues pick up from
poor and inexperienced people.
In the Fall of 1907 I sold Harry D.
Smith then of Albion, now of Savoy, 196
State street, Rochester, N. Y., 908 barrels
of apples at his own price. He was our
largest buyer at the time. He yet owes
me a balance of $438.80 on the sale. He
has promised to pay it at various times,
but of late I have not been able to get near
him. It is said he owes $80,000 in Al¬
bion for apples. He yet continues in the
business. At the time of this deal he was
buying in his own name ; but it is now
said he acts for another house. Can you
collect the account for me? J. a b.
New York.
We regret we have been unable to
collect this account, and we have been
unable to get any rating or any informa¬
tion about Mr. Smith that would justify
an extension of credit to him. Efforts
to interview him either at his office or
at his home were unsuccessful. He is
reported as a stranger to the trade in
Rochester and nothing is known in
reference to his general affairs. It is re¬
ported that he came from Chicago. This
account seems not to be disputed, and it
would be a wholesome influence if other
growers would refuse to deal with him
on any terms until he settled such ac¬
counts.
THE RURAh
The Pioneer Land Company, Decatur,
Ill., think we did them an injustice on
March 11 in intimating that their way
of selling land had Ostrander elements
in it. They say they do not exact an
advance fee, but they do exact advance
payment for printing of “sale bills,” and
for cost of large sign, and for railroad
travel of the auctioneer who is to sell
the farm. They then get a commission
on the sale, and one-half all the pur¬
chase money above a fixed net price pre¬
viously agreed upon. Of course there
would be no objection, if the charges
were fair, and the whole matter under¬
stood and agreed upon. But Ostrander
originally guaranteed that the “listing
fee” would be all used up in advertis¬
ing each piece of property listed, and he
made it seem fair to receive the fee.
These people no doubt can sell farms
no matter where located for cash within
30 days as advertised, if you are will¬
ing to accept the auction bid, but how
many men want them sold on such
terms?
Last year you printed a notice about the
Guild, and we were able to place a great
many women in good country positions
through the correspondence which followed.
Would you repeat it this year?
GUILD OF THE IXFAXT SAVIOUR.
105 East 22d street, New York.
This is a worthy charity, and we are
glad to comply with the request. These
good women are spending their time
without thought of compensation to help
the poor. They take great pains to se¬
lect the right woman for the application ;
but it would be too much to expect that
they would always be able to send just
the woman required, or that those sent
would invariably prove satisfactory.
They do the best they can, and our in¬
formation is that they are usually suc¬
cessful.
Is the Bishop Crock Gold Company, with
headquarters at 200 William street. New
York City, a safe investment? A neighbor
here is paying monthly. reader.
Pennsylvania.
This is the Gaylord Wilshire scheme,
promoted through Wilshire’s Magazine.
Wilshire is in London, and reported to
be financially embarrassed. The Post
Office inspectors are looking for him.
Last week his concern vacated the prem¬
ises at above address, and it is claimed
no rent has been paid for six months
past. Your neighbor would better credit
his money to experience and pay no
more. The longer he pays, the more he
loses. j. j. d.
•55 Buys Best
140-Egg Incubator
Double cases all over ; best copper
tank; nursery, self-regulating.
Best UO-cliick hot-water brooder,
$4.85. Both ordered together,
$11.50. Freight prepaid (E. of
Rockies).
No machines
at any price
are better. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for book today
or send price now and save time.
Belle City Incubator Company, Box 48 Racmef Wisconsin
NEW POULTRY BOOK
■ __ _ j, Conkey’snew. big, 80-page illus-
JIIST If BBT trated guide for beginners, and
^ reference for experienced poul-
trymen. Up-to-date housing methods, feeding, hatch¬
ing, saving the chicks; how to prevent and treat
disease. Chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese. There’s a
copy for you for the asking. Send name, also name of
nearest poultry supply dealer, and 4c (stamps) for postage.
THE G. E. CONKEY COMPANY
69 Commercial Bltlg. (45) Cleveland, Ohio
Wo ship
1 (quick from
St. Paul, Buffalo,
Kansas City or
ltaciao.
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Prod acts. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y
POULTRY SUPPLIES
Everything for the poultryman at low prices; Auto
matic Feeders, Hall Mammoth and Model Incuba
tors. Feed, Remedies, Hen-e-ta. Rat Corn, Liverine
LegBands.etc. Prompt shipments. W rite forcatalog
67 BARCLAY ST
New York
HARRIES & BENEDICT CO.
S. C. White Leghorns
I pl/nuinui Farm ous, mature birds. Free range. 700
LtlnClICn I a I III Pullets and Hens for sale reasonably
to make room for young stock, getting over 400 eggs per
day from same. Eggs and Stock. R.F.D. 2, Peekskill, N. Y
r'F ORPINGTON EGGS— 15, $1.00; 30, $1,50; 100, $4.00
White Holland Turkey Eggs— 9, $2.50; 18, $4.50
Fowls on free range. W. A. L0THERS, Perulack, Pa.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons— Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
Pnill TDV-35 Breeds— Bred for
rUUL I II I Laying — Choice eggs for hatch¬
ing. Large circular illustrated in colors free. Also
a few fine O. I. C. Pigs for sale. Address
JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Virginia.
from high record W. P. Rock Hens, $2
for 15, $5 for 45. Incubator eggs $0 per
100. A, S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
EGGS
RIRDS OF QUALITY, Bred to lay; S. C. W. Leghorn
1 ’ Hatching Eggs, $6 per 100; Chicks, $12 per 100.
S. C. R. I. Red Eggs, $8 per 100; Chicks, $15 per 100.
THE WINONA FARMS . Drawer 272 . LANSDALE, PA.
NEWrYORKER
Which OiteWill You r. -»
Test on Your Farm
for Ninety Days? ^
Freight Prepaid
Which will yon try. 30 Days’ Free or 90 Days’ Ap¬
proval Test?
— Any capacity from 200 to 950 pounds per hour,
according to your needs, and I’ll save you from $25.00
to $50.00 on the price.
— The only Separator whose gearing runs in a "Bath
of Oil” likca$5.000 automobile — Feature worth $50.00 alone.
— Automatically oils itself — Pour oil at the top.once a month
from your oil jug or can — No danger of running dry, or ruining
it like others— No oil cups to remember to fill or turn up twice a day.
— Dust-proof — Danger-proof — All gears enclosed — simple but
standard built and absolutely dependable.
'GALLOWAY’S “Bath in Oil”
HIGH GRADE STANDARD CREAM
Only
75
—Has the only revolving supply tank — worth $15.00 alone,
—Easiest to clean and the few parts come out easy and
can’t get back out of place.
# —Easiest to run— high crank— low tank. With no high
lifting and nc "back-breaking” cranking.
— Gets the finest quality cream and all of it — no lumps
or churning, as Nature’s true principle is followed without
forcing either the milk or cream the wrong way up or down.
— Skims closest in any climate or season, no matte?
whether your milk is warm or cold.
— Is as handsome a machine, compact and substantial,
as you ever saw or could find. Beautiful finish.
SEP A RA TORS
— Let me send you my Big New Sep¬
arator Book— post paid— Free, so you and your wife and
the boys and girls can talk it over and then try one of
my separators under my easy plan for you to do it.
You’ll call it the best if you test it alongside any of the
highest priced $85.00 and $110.00 separators sold by
anybody today — makers — catalog houses— dealers — jobbers
or anybody else. Write me today.
Wnt. Galloway, Pres.
WM. GALLOWAY COMPANY
DBS Galloway St a., Waterloo, la.
THE BEST S. C. REDS
ARE
DAVIS’ 200 EGG STRAIN
FAAA Utility . $1 per 13; $0 per 100
kllllw Special Matings ... $2 per 13; $10 per 100
- Prize Matings .... $5 per 13; Mammoth
Hot Water Incubatqr Baby Chicks .... $15 per 100
Book Orders Now Circular Free
DAVIS POULTRY FARM, Berlin, Mass.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each'; 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. E. VAN ALSTYNE, Kinderliook, N.Y.
Eggs For Hatching-!?, !!!“;:'”
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock-
utility, show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Auctin’e S. G. R. 1. REDS— Bred to lay and they
AA.UM1I1 » ,]0 ]ay Eggs $1.50 per 15, $6.00 per 100.
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor, N. H.
REDS EXCLUSIVELY
Eggs from Single Comb Handsome Dark Matings,
$2.00 for 13; $8.00 per 100. From Utility Heavy
Layers, $1.00 for 13; $4.50 per 100.
O V K R L O O K P O U L T R Y F A R M
Tel. 59-4 Foxboro, Mass.
THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties.
4 Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1 ; 40, $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Qnakertown, Pa., Route 3.
\ A/RIGHT’S WHITE WYAN00HE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.50
If for 100. Baby Ohix, $12.50 for 100; $7 00 for 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
DD III T0YMCW~Sen<i 10 cents for our fine 60-
lUUL 1 n I IflLll page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
C NOW WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS for hatching, $1 per 15,
U $5 per 100. A few good Cockerels. Circular froe.
GOLDENROD FARM, Dept. R, Stewartstown, Pa.
SPECIAL OFFER— White Rock Eggs. $1 15; $5 "f, 100.
Partridge Cochin Eggs, $1.25 f? 15; $6.00 100.
Partridge Wyandotte Eggs. $1.00 15; $5.00 $ 100.
Barred Rock Eggs. $1.25 $ 15; $7.00 100.
Fresh eggs from good stock, free range and healthy.
Circular prices hold on your choice of matings.
MINCII BROS., R-S2, Bridgeton, N. ,T.
EGGS — $1 pt*r 15, $2 per 40 of Tlior. Brahma*. Kochs, Wyan¬
dottes, Ked«, Minorcas, Houdans, Leghorns, Hamburg*; 19 var.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Coopers burg, Pa.
CINE QUALITY ORPINGTONS, black and white. Owens’
• and Cook's strains. $2 and $3 per sitting. $10
per 100. REV. J. D. GRAHAM Lyonsville. Mass.
Oft KOflS $1.00 — leading varieties, 62 breeds. Prize Poul-
L U try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. T-arge illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, l’a.
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, S. C. R.I.Red.
Eggs, 90 c. per 15, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per 60, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
Barred Plymouth Rock wW„T or£
raised birds. Great laying strain, $1.25 per 15;
$4.50 per 100. CHAS. T. DOWNING, West Chester, Pa.
F ft G C— Guaranteed fertile; from range -grown
LUOO stock that pay large pi oft ts at the egg basket
MAPLE COVE POULTRY FARM . . R, D. 24, Athens, Pa.
KEAN’S WHITE WYANDOTTES
Bred for large size, heavy laying and fancy pur¬
poses. Eggs, $1.00 per setting; $5.00 per 100, for re¬
mainder of season. Address
E. FRANKLIN KEAN .... Stanley, N. Y.
“THREE COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES
, Combine more of beauty and utility than
U A ft o any breed today. Right there with the
eggs every time. Stock and Hatching Eggs. Free illus¬
trated Mating List of winners. Address
RALPH WOODWARD, Box 28. Grafton, Mass.
Farmers and Poultrymen.
You must not blame us if occasionally our en¬
thusiasm bubbles over when speaking of our cus¬
tom hatching department as carried on by our
experts in our mammoth hot water incubator.
Results are showing people all over the country
that we know our business by saving them time,
worry and money, and giving them stronger chicks
than the old lien or kerosene oil fume incubators
ever did. You send us the eggs— we’ll do the rest —
do it right and send you the chicks. Write for in¬
formation and prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM, Millerton, N. Y.
Golden & Silver Laced Wyandottes
Best egg strain. Swart Mercantile Co., Margaretville, N.Y,
WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY
Free range, extra good winter laying strain, $1.00 per
15 eggs; $5.00 per 100. F. CYRUS TWINING, Pineville, Pa.
BABY CHICKS — Single Comb White Leghorns,
Rose Comb i Rhode Island Reds, 10c and 12c each.
Strong and livable. From vigorous free range stock,
bred for utility and standard qualities. Safe delivery
guaranteed. WESLEY GRIN NELL, Sodus, N. Y.
S. G. White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
yearlings and 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCREST
POULTRY FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors
S. C. WHITE EKGHOltNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
HATCHING EGGS
Half Price After May 1st.
S. C. White Leghorns.
One Setting. 15 eggs $1.00
Two Settings, 30 eggs.. 1.75
One hundred eggs . 4.00
One thousand eggs . 35.00
White Plymouth Rocks
& S. C. Black Orpingtons
1 Setting, 15 eggs,$l 25 &$2. 50
100 eggs . $7.00 & $14.00
Fertility Guaranteed.
RICHLAND FARMS,
BABY CHICKS.
100 or less, each. ...15c
500 or more, eac 1 1 12J^c
White Plymouth
Rocks & S. C. Black
Orpingtons.
100 or less, each _ 25c
We guarantee safe
arrival of chicks in
first-class condition.
Frederick, Md.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACH15R.
Single and Hose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Hocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks. $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special, prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of batching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CAHLW. LLOYD, Mgr,,
Hillside. Westchester County, N. Y.
S.C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Cockerels, $1.50; ohl hens, $2.00.
chicks, 8c. each. If more than lour
chicks are dead ^
to each 100 you
b u y , whe u
reaching your
express office, I r
will make good ,
the loss. Cata¬
log about chick
feeding and diseases free.
C. M. Lauver, Box 73, Richfield, Pa.
Bonnie Brae White Leg¬
horns and Pekin Ducks
ARE BETTER
than ever.
Eggs from our
heavy laying
strains now
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
MT. PLEASANT FARM
A b reeding establishment of 250 acres,
devoted to developing the best
S. O. W. LEGHORNS
Fine Breeding Cockerels at reasonable prices.
MT. PLEASANT FARM, Box Y. HAVRE DE GRACE, Maryland.
PULLET<i“S c w LEGHORNS— Booking orders
1 • w future delivery. Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds for prompt shipment. Limited
number choice breeders. Lakewood and Youngs
strains. SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington. N. J.
EMPIRE STATE S. C, WHITE LFSHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios.
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue tree. C. H. ZIMMER, Weedsport, N. Y.
SP WHITE LEGHORNS, Barred Plymouth Hocks,
• Ui IV Mammoth White Pekin Ducks. Stock
hatching eggs, chicks, ducklings. Circular. Kst. 1904
Abovo Poultry Farm, Chatham, Morris Co. N. J.
T> C. 15. MINORCAS (great layers; eggs. $1.00
1V’ for 15. GEO, BOWDftH, Esperance, N. Y.
'HT’YCKQFF-BLANCH ARD strains Single-Comb
T ’ White Leghorns, $1.25 setting. Heavy laying
Rose-Comb Black Minorcas, $1.50 setting. Circular.
HIGH RIDGE POULTRY FARM, Laurel. Mil
SINGLE COMB WHITE 0RPINCT0NS
Kellerstrass strain. Eggs for hatching, $3.00 per
15; from prize winning stock. W. A. KAISER,
2703 Jamaica Ave., Richmond Hill, L. I.
THE FARMER'S FOWL— Rose Comb Reds, best winter
layers oh earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route i. Richland, N. Y.
WM.
AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS — Cliicken Eggs. Hand¬
some Catalog 2 ct-
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Pel'iville, Pa.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Blaek Langshan Eggs for
I sale. J. GORDON DRAKE, Port Huron, Mich.
Indian Runner Rucks, $4 per pair, from 260-egg strain.
Eggs, $1.00 and $2.00 per 12. C. GORDON, Speakers, N. Y.
Indian Runner Ducks. S. C. White Leghorns
Eggs for Hatching. Send for Circular.
F. J. FULLER, Watarport, Orleans County, Now York
WHITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER OUCKS-Thor-
oughbred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
of large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 15; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu¬
bator eggs. Cherry Hill Farms, Pittstown. N. J.
BUFF ORPINGTON DUCKS S BCU W WTE LfGMRN S
B. O. Ducks, the world greatest layers; have twice
won Australian laying contests. My ducks have
three years unbeaten show record. List furnished.
DUNROBIN FARM, Chatham, New Jersey
1911.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
656
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, April 29, 1911
FARM TOPICS.
Immigrating to New York State. Part
1 . 537, 538
Spring Tillage . 339
Crimson Clover and Vetch in Georgia. . 539
Crows That Pull Corn . 541
Preparation for Oats . 541
Nitrogen and “Ammonia” . 543
Hen Manure and Wood Ashes . 543
Hope Farm Notes . 544
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
From Hen to Hen . 538
Express Companies and Eggs . 538
A Farmer’s Dairy Herd . 550
Can You Name the Locality . 550
Some Good Guernseys . 550
A Narrow Ration . 551
Ration with Home-grown Grains . 551
Summer Dairy Rations . 551
Leg Weakness in Chicks . 552
Cheese Box Chick Brooders . 552
Hen and Cow Contest . 552
That Celebrated Guernsey Case . 553
The Dairymen’s League . 553
HORTICULTURE.
Cost of an Apple Orchard . 538
Vineyard or Apple Orchard . 539
Annual Bearing Orchard . 539
More About Japan Plums . 540
Patching Up a Lawn . 540
Preventing Onion Smut . 540
When Winter Hurts Apple Trees . 541
Lime Sulphur and Arsenic on Peach... 543
Australian Desert Kumquat . 543
Moving Asparagus Bed . 543
Fruit Prospects in Ohio . 547
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 548
Cottage Cheese . 548
More Making Over . 548
Some Comments and Suggestions . 548
The Rural Patterns . 548
Brown Stew with Dumplings . 548
MISCELLANEOUS.
A New Party in Politics . 538
What Does the Middleman Get? . 539
Products, Prices and Trade . 542
Editorials . 546
Other People’s Money . 547
Events of the Week . 547
The Need of a Farmers’ Partv . 547
Publisher’s Desk . 554
MARKETS.
( Continued from page 542. )
HOTHODSE PRODUCTS
Tomatoes and radishes vei
■y dull
Let-
tuce firm, cucumbers slightly
higher
Cucumbers, best, doz .
.. .85
©
1.00
Common to good .
®
.60
Mushrooms, lb .
.. .20
©
.45
Kadishes, 100 bunches .
.. 1.50
@
2 25
Rhubarb, doz bunches .
.. .25
©
.65
Tomatoes, lb .
.. .06
©
.12
LIVE POULTRY
At this writing about 45 cars remain
unsold owing to the Hebrew holidays.
Market outlook favors lower prices.
Chickens, Broilers, lb . 30 (a) .40
Fowls . 15 i ia> .16
Roosters . 09 @ .10
Ducks . 13 @ .15
Geese . .09 © .10
Turkeys.. . 12 © .13
DRES8ED POULTRY— Fresh Killed
Supplies of fowls and roosters large and
prices one-fourth to one-half cent lower.
Turkeys, Fancy . 19 © 20
Common to Good . 16 @ .18
Chickens, fancy broilers, lb . 35 @ .40
Broilers, common to good . 25 © .30
Fowls . 14 ® .16
Squabs, do z . 1.75 @ 4.50
DRESSED POULTRY-Fhozen-
TOBACCO.
Conn, broadieaf-flller .
Fine and Selections...
Ohio Zimmer's Spanish
. .08
©
.10
®
.60
. .05
®
.06
. .12
©
.16
. .19
®
.20
®
.09
. .10
©
.20
. .12
©
.30
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal." See guarantee editorial page.
MARKET GARDENERS’ PAPER
Weekly Market Growers Journal — only paper
printed especially for vegetable growers. $1.00 a
year, 52 issues. For 10 cents and m.ires of three
market gardeners we will semi it ten wieks. Send
for fiee samples copies — it is the oest wa • to judge.
Market Growers Journal, 541 Walker Bldg.. Lea vi 'e, Ky.
Mend all leiks instantly in grariltewarc, hot water hags, tin, copper,
cooking utensils, etc. No heat, solder, cement or rivet, f Any one can us/
them. Fit any surface. Smooth. Samplo box, 10o. Complete box, assorted
sixes, 25c, postpaid. Wonderful opportunity for live agents. Writetoday.
Collette Mfg, Co. Box 110 Amsterdam, H. Y
HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES
ter Boy, 62729, for sale cheap. OSWEGO RIVER
STOCK FARMS, Phoenix, New York.
Iprcpu Pull Aged 14 months; solid color, black
JGIOGJ UUII points: sired by Imported Wheels
Wanted; is a Fox 64779; dam one of our best cows,
Maria Amelia 186529, giving 35 lbs. of 54 milk.
L, T. BIRCHARD, Bircharpville, Pa,
Registered Holstein Bulls ^°eacadnupfn“fSh
bulls from one month to 18 months of age. Best A.
R. O. breeding and individuality. State your wants.
JARVIS BROS. .... Flycreek, N. Y.
POR SALE— THREE THOROUGHBRED
17 AYRSHIRE BULL CALVES.
A. D. JOHNSON, Marathon, N. Y.
BULLS FOR SALE
We offer for sale at our farm at Earl-
ville, Madison County, New York; —
One Registered Guernsey Bull, age 1 year, 7 mos.
One Registered Brown Swiss Bull, age 1 year,3 mos,
One Registered Brown Swiss Bull, age3 years,9mos.
Address:
BORDEN’S CONDENSED MILK CO.
Earlville, Madison County, New York
W. O. Young, Supt.
BERKSHIRE HERD HEADER !
4 months old; good breeding; best of individuality.
Price, $20. Lixgohockkn Farms, Wycombe, Pa.
Chester Whites
Enquiries promptly answered.
Eugene T. Black, Seio, N. Y.
FflR C A I C— One large Berkshire Boar Pig, $20;
I Ull OHUL three large Berkshire Gelts, $15 each.
Also orders taken for pigs. S. C. W. Leghorn Eggs,
$5 per hundred. GEO. L. FERRIS, Atwater, N. V.
BERKSHIRES BOARS
Six months to one year old. Grandsons of Star
Masterpiece. Prices $20.00 to $35.00.
SPRING HILL FARM, White Haven, Pa .
STERLING HILL EARMS-CHESHIRE
^ 8 WINE — Orders booked for Spring Pigs reg¬
istered stock and grades; large litters and best of
breeding. Bigelow & Swain, Ogdensburg, Sussex Co., N.J.
LARGE YORKSRIRE PIGS
Boars ready for service May
15, 1911. Chas.H. Emeus, Spring Hill Farm, Binghamton, N.Y.
STEEL HOG TROUGHS
SI .00 EACH
DORSET SHEEP
A splendid lot of yearling rams, big strong fellows,
tit for any use. Can spare a moderate number of
choice ewes with lamb at side. The very cheapest
way to get a start in this breed.
Fancy roasting chickens scarce. All
other poultry dull.
Turkeys, best . .22 © .23
Chickens, milk-fed broilers . 22 © .25
Corn-fed broilers . 15 © .22
Milk-fed roasters . 17 @ .18
Coin-fed roasters . 15 @ .16
Fowls . 12 © .15
Ducks, best . . 15 ® .16
Common to good . 13 @ .14
Geese . 07 © .11
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Calves dull and low. Hothouse lambs
plenty and selling slowly.
Calves, good to prime . 08 @ .09
Common . 06 ® .07
Lambs, hothouse, bead . 3.00 © 5.50
Pork, light . 09 © .10
Medium to heavy . 07 © .085^
HAY AND STRAW
Hay, No. 1, ton..
No. 2 .
No. 3 .
Clover Mixed...
Clover .
Btraw, Rye .
Oat and Wheat
22.00 © 23.00
20.00 @ 21.00
,18.00 © 19.00
15.00 © 20 00
.12.00 © 18.00
, 9.00 @ 10.00
, 8.00 © 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers, 100 lbs .
.. 5.00
® 6.65
Oxen and Stags .
® 5.00
Cows .
@ 4.50
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs .
. 5.00
® 7.00
Culls .
. 4.00
© 4.50
Sheep, 100 lbs .
® 3.50
Lambs .
. 5.50
© 6.75
Hogs .
. 6.00
® 7.00
GKA1N
Wheat, No. 1. Northern Spring .
1.07
© ...
No. 2, Bed .
. .95
@ ...
No. 1 Macaroni .
. .95
© ...
Corn, as to quality, bush .
. .53
® .58
Oats, as to weight, bush .
® .39
uye . .0 .
© .80
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton .
26.25
© 27.75
Standard Middlings .
27.00 © 28.00
Bed Dog .
, 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop .
21.50 © 22.70
corn Meal .
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 14.95
„ Middling Gulf . 15.20
New Orleans, Low Middling . 14.25
Good Middling . 15.20
WOOL
NewYork Fleeces, Delaine, unwashed.. 24 © .25
Ohio half blood combing . 25 © .27
Kentucky, three- eighths blood . 25 © ,26W
Michigan, half blood . 2io © .26
CHARLES B. WING, Box 23, Mechanicsburg, Ohio.
PULLETS! PULLETS!
S. C. White Leghorns. Baby Chix, Incubator Eggs.
Rice strain. Circulars.
FAIRHOME FARM, Bedford, Pa.
JIOHN C. QUICK CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 34 JAY STREET, NEW YORK
POULTRY FARM EGGSoUR SPECIALTY.
QUICK Returns Our Motto. Established 1855
DLEASE semi a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
* mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter,
Eggs. Poultry, Pork, Calves, Hay, Grain, Beans,
Appies.etC. K. ll. WOOIMVAItll, *02 hiernnidi st., , N.Y.
Boston Produce Co.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St., - Boston.
SHIP YOUR CONSIGNMENTS
- TO -
GEO. OLIVER & COMPANY
Established 1850
COMMISSION MERCHANT8
WEST WASHINGTON MARKET, -:- NEW YORK, N. Y.
PROMPT RETURNS
Hothouse Lambs.
Calves, Poultry, Fancy Eggs, Hothouse Products,
Fruits, Vegetables. Top prices secured for choice
goods. Correspondence solicited.
Archdeacon &Co., 100 Murray St., N.Y.
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York
Poultry, Eggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
GEO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GOI1WI
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,
Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds;
COUNTRY PRODUCE. Apples, Peaches, Be
ries Butter, Eggs. Cheese, Poultry. Mnshroou
and Hot-house Products a Specialty. Consignment
solicited. 34 Hi 36 Little 112 th St.. New Yorl
KRESO DIP N2.I
WILL DO THE WORK
THERE is no excuse for lousy mangy
UNTHRIFTY PIGS. IF YOU HAVE SOME
OF THIS KIND YOU WILL FIND IT WORTH
WHILE TO GET OUR CIRCULAR ON
TANKS AND WALLOWS. IT TELLS
HOW TO MAKE THEM OF CEMENT
KRESO DIP N2I
IS A REAL NECESSITY
ABOUT ALL LIVE STOCK
FOR MILLING LICE .TICKS, MITES, FLEAS.
FOR TREATING SCAB.MANGE, RINGWORM,
AND OTHER SKIN DISEASES;
TO DISIN FECT, DEODORIZE,
CLEANSE Sc PURIFV.
ALL OF THESE USES FULLY DESCRIBED
IN OUR BOOKLETS . WRITE FOR COPIES
ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR KRESO DIP NO.I
PARKE, DAVIS & CO.,
This Cooler
Requires No Attention
whatever after the
flow of milk and
water is once
started. The
“Bestov”
Milk
Cooler
cools and aerates
milk quickly, abso¬
lutely removing all
undesirable odors.
It is well made and
durable, and very
reasonable in price.
VV rite for our cata-
logne FI describing
a full line of sup¬
plies for the dairy.
Dairtmems Suppit Co., Pmuoupm* ado Lansdowre, Pa.
WF CHAMPION
MILK COOLER PROFITS
ARE QUICK TO SHOW
Champion profits are definite — sure — big —
and they show the very first month after you
start this practical, simple, easy to clean milk
cooler. Cools rapidly — makes bacteria
inactive, keeps milk sweet
a long time, makes for better
butter flavor. Cleaned
quickly. Let us send you
low price — write to-day.
CHAMPION MILK
COOLER CO.
1 1 th Street,
Cortland, N. Y.,
Meeker
Disc Smoothing Harrow,
Onion Seed Drills and Hand Wheel Hoes.
Southport Globe Onion Seed.
Send for Catalogue and Prices .
THE C. 0. JELLIFF MFG. CORP.
Southport, Connecticut
GREEN MOUNTAIN SILOS
W rite for Booklet to
C It E A M E It Y P K G. MFG. CO.
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt.
MILCH GOATS— Toggonberg; % blood buck kids, poi ctly
marked ; two months old. Also young half-blood buck.
Other grade Toggenbergs. E. Ji. Ilarrslt, Bedford Bills. \. V
S.C. RHODE ISLAND REDS
Baby Chicks,
EGGS for Hatrh-
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm ‘'{.f^es Address
WM. R. BURKHOLDER, Box 152, R. 5,' Lancaster. Pa.
rppft-PEARU GUINEAS, Indian Runner
kUUU Ducks, Barred Plymouth Rocks and
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. Write for
Price Free List. POPLAR LAWN FARMS, West Falls, N. Y.
■QUITE XV YA NDOTTHS, heavy laying strain,
$1.25 and $2.00 per set of 15; also Single Comb
White Leghorns at $1.00 per set of 15. Also for ex¬
change. SUNNY HILL FARM, Nursery Ave., Woonsocket, R. I.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS ! &T&
dottes, Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.60, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas, $2.00, 15. Cat¬
alog gratis. F. M. PRESCOTT, Riverdale, N. J.
Barred Plymouth Rocks egmd™b?"S!cEI
Prompt shipments of properly packed, guaranteed
stock. “Afton Farm” strain excels as winter layers,
develop quickly and in large numbers becauso of
their hardiness. Lowest prices for high grade
stock. Send today for free catalog, “Facts From
Afton Farm.’’
AFTON FAR IVl, Box D-l, Yard ley. Pa.
(CRYSTAL WHITE ORPINGTONS, Kellerstruss
Strain— Eggs from a select pen, $2.50 for 15,
GEO. BOWDISH, Espkrance, N. Y.
S&WaVS S. C. W, LEGHORN
Breeding Hens at low price to make room. Also
promising CockeYels cheap in quantities. Also K I.
Beds. Eggs for hatching. St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.J.
Eleven First Frisses
At leading Poultry Shows, Indian Runner Ducks and
Rouen Ducks. Madison Square Garden Winners our Rose-
comb Black Minorcas won Silver Cup at Paterson, and
Barred Plymouth Rocks. All eggs $2.00 per 15, $3.50 pc ?0,
$8 per 100. Also puro bred Angora Goats and Collie I) .gs,
$10 and up. CLARK FARM, BOONTON, N. J.
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them are witl out
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of them speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with ns,
stating what you will pay, whether the woik is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
TV: J. A. 8 I. A. S., 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
UI ANTED— GENERAL STOCK AND GRAIN FARM-200 or 300
** acres, within 150 miles New York City. Send
description, R. R. folder, price and terms first
letter, C. D. BARCLAY, Jefferson, Iowa.
DARE FARM OPPORTUNITY, 120 acres. Best land, water,
• I locality, buitiliugs, fruit, markets, trolley. Cornell 8 miles.
Thoroughly operated, notify Interested parties, Immediate pos¬
session. rather sacrifice than lease. Write immediately. Box
63, So. Lansing, N. Y.
FOR 9 A I C— Sixty acre farm, five room house,
rUfl OftLL barn, 50 byi 30, witn sned 12 by 30-
two hen houses, timber, never failing spring
Price, $1,350, $800 cash. HALL'S FARM
AGENCY, Owego, Tioga County, New York.
FINE NEW YORK STATE FARM FOR SALE
For a quick sale(]>am offeringmy farm at a bargain.
530 acres seven miles from heart of Syracuse, N. Y.,
on the Utica-Syracuse trolley line, also the trunk
line of State road east and west through the
county. Buildings ail in best of condition, many
of them new. Price, $20,000.00. For further par¬
ticulars address:
M. CROUSE K10CK, 200 W. Water Street, Syracuse, N Y.
LIVE AGENTS
Wanted. wZ."
Make <> SO to #50 weekly
Exclusive territory if you
write now for agent’s
proposition on the quick¬
est selling household
article made. Agent’s out¬
fit $3.50. Write for terri-
tory and get busy now.
Economy Vacuum Washer
washes clothes automatically in 10 to 30
minutes. No wear or tear of clothes.
Saves soap, fuel and ail rubbing. No
machine to run. No labor. All copper —
lasts a life-time. Guaranteed for 7 yrs.
Money back after 30 days’ trial if dis¬
satisfied. Price $3.50. express prepaid.
Send for circular right now.
ECONOMY SALES C0„ Dept. A . Matro. Tower, N. Y
TTTT
One Man Can MaKe 300 to 600 Perfect Tile a Day
FARMERS’ CEMENT TILE MACHINE
at a cost of $3 to $5 per 1000. The only farm tile machine that does not
require hand tamping ; the only farmers’ machine operated by eith¬
er hand or power. Machine makes 3, 4,5, 6 and 8 inch tile, 12^ inches
long. Our Patented Water-Proof FLEXIBLE fcASlNQ bolds tile in perfect
shape till set. No Pallets. If after |f| RRVC FREE TDIII
10 days’ trial it does not meet |(J UHVv iHEE I tflAL
with entire satisfaction, return at our expense. The price of the ma¬
chine will be saved in making your first 2000 tile. Can You Afford to Be
Without It? W rite today for illustrated catalogue.
FARMERS' CEMENT TILE MACHINE CO.,
Boar 604 St. Johns, Michigan.
L/A »5 YTAR OLD BOV
CAN OPERATE IT
666
THE RURAL NfiW-YORKER
April 29, 1911.
SAVE HALF Your
Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT — proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.”
Made in all colors' — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE.
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
Telle all about Paint and Painting for Durability.
How to avoid trouble and expense canned by paints
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuable information
free to yon. with Sample Color Cards, Write me. DO
IT NOW. I can save yon money.
0. W. Ingersoll, 24b Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N.Y.
JACOBSON
SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING
WATER TANK.
No Freezing No Overheating
No Large Water Tank
The Agency is available in some sections and
valuable in all.
JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO.
Ill Irvine Street Warren. Pa.
OSGOOD
Steel
Frame
Indispensable on every farm;
Saves the time and money you
would spend on a public scale, aud
-insures perfect accuracy al-
_ ways. Good for a Jife-
time. Send for catalogue.
^ Osgood Scale Co.,
Box 157, BlNSHflMTOW, N. T,
CIDER and WINE
No complicated mechanism —
big capacities. Requires only
2 to 4 h. p. to operate any press.
Also, HAND PRESSES,
GRINDERS, MILLS.
Write to-day for free catalogue.
THE G. J. EMENY CO., FULTON, N. Y.
MANUFACTURERS OF
A LI. KINDS OF
Ad’S.S. K. CAMPBELL, Central Bridge. N.Y,
FARQUHAR
THRESHERS
The Perfect Threshing Outfit
Whether you thresh your own grain
only, or do contract threshing, you
should investigate Farquhar Threshing
Machinery. Handles wheat, oats, rye,
buckwheat — any grain.
Works fast, runs easy, saves power, has
fewest parts, outwears other threshers,
separates clean. Three styles — 20 to 40 inch.
Send for catalogs of Threshing machinery,
Engines, Boilers, Saw-Mills and Road Engines.
A. B. FARQUHAR CO.. Ltd., Box 614, York. Pa.
This Safety Lift
Saves Your Strength
You can do more heavy lifting alone than three men by
the use of this handy device, lias a score of uses on the
faint every day. Saves lime aud labor.
Just the thing for changing wagon boxes and auto
bodies, stretching wires, moving heavy stones, storing
machinery, hoisting grain, doing any kind of lifting
about the farm.
Morgan Safety Lift
Locks At Any Angle
Holds or releasee a load at a given point
without use of confusing check cord. Cam
grips rope without gouging. Heavier the load,
the tighter it grips. No ext ra parts to get out
of order. So simple it can be operated by
one hand.
Made Entirely of Steel
Pulleys and blocks of best possible construc¬
tion. Will last a lifetime. Drop forged
swivel hook makes it easy to move load
about without unfastening lift.
Sold Direct From Factory
Made In two sizes. 2,500 lbs. capacity
$1.75. G,000 lbs. capacity $3.00 These prices
good for a limited time only. Order di¬
rect from the manufacturer and cave
dealer’s and jobber’s profits. Handiest thing
you ever had on the farm. Send for one to-day
— at once — while you think of it — and take ad¬
vantage of these special introductory prices.
MORGAN BLOCK CO.
Dept. 18, Cleveland, O.
THRESHERS
|— Do You Intend To
rAbandon Your Farm?
In New England there are hundreds of abandoned farms — abandoned
because the soil has been drained of it-s fertility. Had these farms been
properly fertilized they would still be producing bounteous harvests.
New England farms are not the only ones that are being depleted of
fertility. There are thousands of other farms which are rapidly approaching
the point where further cultivation will be unprofitable unless some means is
adopted to renew the fertility of the soil.
If you do not intend to abandon your farm, it will be necessary to sup
ply fertilizer to the soil. It is not only necessary to apply manure, but it is
absolutely essential that it be applied evenly and in proper quantities.
Manure cannot be spread evenly by hand. Experience has demon¬
strated that the spreader is the only method by which manure can be
applied uniformly.
It is just as necessary to exercise judgment in
selecting a spreader as it is on any other subject.
There are many spreaders on the market. The I H C
spreader has proved its superiority Dy giving the users
years of efficient service. With an I H C spreader you
can regulate the distribution of manure so as to make
every ounce count. Adjustments can be _ made to
spread a light top-dressing or a heavy covering. This
is possible because I H C spreaders have a wide range
of feed, and the long, square, chisel-pointed beater J |#i OH
teeth thoroughly pulverize the manure that is applied.
Wide tires and roller bearings insure light draft.
I H C spreaders are made in three styles —
Cloverleaf— Corn King
Kemp 20th Century
Cloverleaf spreaders have endless aprons. Corn
King and Kemp 20th Century machines have return
aprons. These machines are made
with capacity suitable for farms of
any size.
Call on the I H C local dealer
and let him show you the style and
size best suited to your purpose.
! If you prefer, write direct for cata¬
logue and full particulars.
International Harvester Company
of America Chicago USA
(Incorporated)
1 H C Service Bureau
The Bureau is a
center where the best
ways of doing things
on the farm, and data
relating to its devel¬
opment, are collected
and distributed free
to every one interest¬
ed in agriculture.
Every available
source of informa¬
tion will be used in
answering questions
on all farm subjects.
If the questions are
sent to the I H C
Service Bureau, they
receive prompt at¬
tention.
33 YEARS OF SUCCESS
DAILY
OUTPUT
18,000
BBLS.
YEARLY
OUTPUT
OVER
6,500,000
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
IheWITTEN
Automatic Damp Cart
Just What You Have Been
Looking For
’A necessity for Farm¬
ers, Fruit Growers,
iLivery
"Stables,
, Cemeteries, Golf
Clubs, Dairies,
Stockmen. Con¬
tractors and all man¬
ufacturing plants.
Send today for free
illustrated booklet telling all about this
labor-saving cart.
Baker Mfg.Co.,507Hunter Bldg., Chicago, III.
Get
Our
Book
Free
SUCCESS SPREADER
The only spreader with a 33-year record of good work. Simplicity, Durability
and Light Draft always foremost. Direct Chain Drive. No Cog Gears. The
choice of men who investigate thoroughly. Wood or metal wheels. A generation
of experience back of every Success. The leader from the first. Exclusive features
all patented. Catalog of facts Free. Write us promptly.
Kemp & Burpee Company, Syracuse, N. Y.
AMERICAN
Steel Fence Post
Cheaper Than Wood
and More Durable
Many years of experimenting
with metal fence posts have
developed this post. It is
now thoroughly practical, fill¬
ing every requirement on the
farm, in the town, for rail-
m roads and wherever fence posts
are used.
Made of tough steel, heavily
zinc coated. Durability
proven by us — ten years’ ac¬
tual use showing good as new.
Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
illustrating and describing. Send
for it.
Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 6 Wire Co.
Chicago :
115 Adams Street
Denver :
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
New York:
30 Church Street
San Francisco :
16th and Folsom Sts.
PORTER
HAY CARRIER
Has wide open mouth and
swinging fork pulley. Fills
hay mow full to the roof. Is
without exception best hay
carrier in the United States.
Wc also make Litter Carriers,
Steel Stalls and Cattle Stanchions.
Send for Catalogue
J. E. PORTER CO., OTTAWA, ILL.
$100 BUYS A
full roll
■ (108 sq. ft.)
of strictly high grade roof •
ing, either rubier or flint
coat surface, with cement
and nails complete.
Most liberal offer ever
made on a first class roof¬
ing. Better than. goods
that sell at much higher
prices. Don't spend a dol¬
lar on roofing until you
have seen
UNITO
ASPHALT
You send no money when
you order Unito Hoofing.
Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Write today for free Cata¬
logue and free samples
for test and comparison
and our unparalleled sell¬
ing plan.
ROOFING
Iron and Steel
ROOFING
Send today for Free
Book and bottom Fac¬
tory Prices on Metal
Roofing and Siding.
Better tban you can
buy elsewhere at any
price. Shipped at our
risk. You
Send No Money
so you take no risk. Our
guarantee and see-what-
you-buy- before - paying
Plan specify you pay
nothing unless fully sat¬
isfied. Don’t buy till
you get our prices and
FREE ROOFERS’
GUIDE. W rite for this
Book today.
PAINT
Try Unito
paint free. If
it does not
spread best,
go farthest,
look best,
after you
have used
one-fifth
send rest
back and it
will cost you noth¬
ing. Unito paint
is guaranteed for
fivo years — sold
at Beal Factory
Prices. Bend for
free Coir Card
and big free cata¬
logue showing all
kinds and low coat
to you.
Wonderful bargains in
Unito Buggies. Latest
styles to choose from—
each absolutely guaran¬
teed and sent on 30 days’
trial. Don’t pay $15 to $25
extra to dealer for less
value. Order a
Unito Buggy
on our trial offer and prove for your¬
self that it is best. Writo today
for our big free catalogue.
Unito Gas Engine
Let us send you a Unito
Engine on our No-Money-
in-Advanco FREE trial.
Use it — prove it. Com¬
pare it with any other
make— then if you don’t
want to keep it, send
it back— we refund even
freight charges. Made
in all styles and sizes—
lowest prices— all guar¬
anteed. Ask for FREE
catalogue.
FARM
IMPLEMENTS
Everything from
garden tools to
eavy power ma¬
chinery. Fully
guaranteed. Sent
on Free Trial to sell
themselves by their
dependability and
high quality. Real
factory prices save
you Dig money.
Send for big free
catalogue.
Farm Fence
Extra quality fence
— all Btylce and sizee
— rockbottom prices.
Perfect poul try, gar¬
den and stock fence,
extra close woven at
bottom to keep out
oven little chicks,
and wider and strong¬
er at top to turn hogs
and cattle. Don’t buy
fence till you get our
Factory price. Free
catalogue on request.
SEWING
MACHINES
Don’t pay deal¬
ers’ or agents’
prices when we
guarantee you
better quality
at a big saving.
Any Unito ma¬
chine on 30
days’ free trial.
See and prore for
yourself before you
pay. Get catalogue.
The United Factories Company consists of a number of factories co-operating under one selling
head, to deliver direct to consumer— The Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Write today for our
Big Book explaining the plan that will save you money, mentioning articles interested in.
The United Factories Company, Station A«3 1 f Cleveland, Ohio
Vol. LXX. No. 4097.
NEW YORK, MAY 6, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
MULE RAISING.
Good Words for an Abused Friend.
Mules, much abused and neglected animals, are not
generally understood by farmers. A mule in the first
plqce must be of good stock, not an offspring of some
scrubby mare, but a mare with good breeding quali¬
ties. A mule of the mammoth stock is supposed to
be the best mule under all conditions. Mules are
cheaper than colts, for the service fee is not generally
as high. Many people make a mistake in working the
marc too soon after foaling. Never work a mare
under 10 days ; then she can do light work, but the
mule must be left in the barn. When the mare is
brought in from work never allow the mule to suck
as long as the mare is warm. After a mule is two
or three weeks old turn it out in a lot
away from the mare, especially at night,
for a mule is very hard on a mare, much
more than colts. When the mule is
about two months old he may be allowed
to eat a few oats, about a pint in the
beginning. Increase as he grows older,
or the same amount of bran along with
a little hay ; Alfalfa is preferred. At
the age of five months a mule should
be weaned, not gradually, but all at
once. Take it away from the mare and
never let it suck afterwards. He should
be put by himself or tied up. At this
time you can give an ear of corn at a
meal and a small amount of hay. The
mule should be turned out in fair
weather and not left to stand in stable.
A mule should be made before he is
a year old. This can be done by good
breeding and the proper care. It is not
necessary to give a great quantity of
food to him in the Winter, but it must
be of the kind to keep him growing,
such as Alfalfa hay, silage, corn fodder,
some corn, and chopped food occasion¬
ally. Oats are very good but very ex¬
pensive food. In the Spring he may be
turned out on pasture during the day
and fed some hay at night and morn¬
ing, because grass at this time is very
washy. As the grass gets older leave
on pasture, but be sure to have plenty
of shade and water. A mule should not
be broken before he is three years old,
although many are broken before they
are near this age. With the proper
handling he will be found to be easier
to manage than horse colts. I always
work them beside a good steady horse.
Do not work mules together until thor-
ughly broken, or you may have some trouble. After
this time he may be found to do more and better
work than a horse colt at the same age that is, you
can work him harder. When at this time you may
say that a mule is easier raised and at less cost than
horse colts, in that they do not require as much care
and less food to keep them in good condition, mule
colts will bring more money than an average horse
colt, even though he may be blemished in some way.
He will sell when a blemished horse colt would not
sell. The mules shown in the picture, Fig. 191 this
page, will be three years old in the Spring, and have
not been fed on any grain since they were one year
old, having been fed on Alfalfa alone, a much more
economical method than heavy grain feeding.
ed. m'laughlin.
Which Is More Profitable, Mules or Horses? years and raise a colt before they are old enough to
The first thing to look at is the market where they go to market, which should not be earlier than five
will be sold, and in this case we must discuss it from years. There are times also, because of injury or
the Pfttsburg view. In this county (Allegheny) the lack of profitable work, when a mare may be put in
automobile has so nearly displaced the horse for the stud and help pay her way, when a mule would
pleasure purposes that the few horses left do not be a complete loss. As to the most profitable time, I
count, and the city firms are putting in auto trucks as should say the mares should be bred so that the foals
quickly as they can be built. I believe the horse will will not begin to come until after all crops are planted,
come back, for pleasure purposes, but we have The more exercise and sunshine and work the mare
watched our own horse boarding business, which over- gets before foaling, the better the foal will be. Every
flowed a dozen stalls, silently steal away. We have man who writes in a paper— -about once a week— and
not a single boarder this Winter. We must, there- every man I talk with speaks of his ideal horse as
fore, look to the farmer and suburban buyer for our “chunky built.” Why should a horse be chunky, i. e.,
market in the next 10 years or more, and supply what short legs, short neck, thick chest, and rolled’ in a
they want. In regard to mules, I do not know; 1 layer of fat? Strip him, and stand him on the floor
have not had any personal experience, but consider- and he will look nice, look complete without any
harness on, and lie may last a year or
two longer than his tall brother, but
that is the sum of his merits. His wind
is not as good as the other kind, but
first let me describe the other kind ; we
never hear him mentioned and we should
know him better. We are using a pair
for the last five years on this farm, used
in my personal team, that measure 16
hands ?J/z inches tall, and last week
when a little over their normal weight
only weighed 2416 pounds. This is the
heaviest recorded weight we have of
them; certainly not chunky, are they?
When stood on the floor naked most
persons say they have many faults. They
are long in the legs, long neck, deep
shoulders and rather narrow chests ;
they do not carry much flesh, but they
do carry harness well, look well hitched,
have wonderful wind, are quick, and
negotiate snow, mud or soft earth with
wonderful ease. Your chunky horse
will not have as good wind nor travel
as easily over rough going, nor look so
well in the pleasure vehicle, nor make
so good saddle horse, nor farm better,
nor haul a pound heavier load per
weight of team, and the last year or
two of the chunky horse is of very
doubtful advantage, as it is usually a
very slow and lazy existence. Remem¬
ber that I am not urging the 1200-pound
horse, but only asking that you keep
him off the ground. I do not care how
heavy he is ; give him a set of legs to
walk on, not stumps on which he wad¬
dles. This is our experience, covering
about 20 years, and everything from the
36-inch Shetland to the registered Clyde.
A farm or general purpose horse is
very different from a pampered Hackney for orna¬
mental Use. CHARLES J. WOLFE.
A MULE COLT OF THE RIGHT SORT. Fig. 190.
Indiana.
A TEAM OF INDIANA MULES. Fig. 191.
able observation, and it seems to me that responsibil¬
ity rests about as heavily on a mule as upon the
average Southern darkey. My brother, who is sales
manager for a large Pittsburg supply house doing a
heavy trucking business, tells me that a good mule
has nothing over a good draft horse for teaming pur¬
poses, and this man is not a horse lover, but is en¬
tirely impartial. I am willing to admit that the mule
has advantages for pit and plantation use and a few
others, perhaps, over the horse, but for general farm
work and teaming the horse is fully his equal. On
city pavements the horse is superior.
If a breeder were raising horses he might have one
colt in 10 more promising than the others worth
keeping for a sire, that would bring twice the average
price. Then the mares may be bred at about three
APPLE CONDITIONS IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS.
The following letter from lion. Henry M. Dunlap
states conditions as they now appear in the Central
West. There is considerable arguments as to the relative
merits of Bordeaux and lime-sulphur.
I was fortunate in growing and harvesting over
90,000 bushels of apples last year, while the remainder
of the State outside this little area of about 25x100
miles lost out altogether. This was due to a “warm
streak” in the atmosphere at time of the April freeze.
With prices good the result has been a fine profit for
the year. My orchard company is offering three prizes
for best sprayed orchards among the foremen, 12 in
number, who have immediate charge of our orchards.
658
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
May 6,
The State Horticultural Society is also offering prizes
for best three sprayed orchards in the State. I hope
it will do much to incite interest in this all-important
matter. As to the Bordeaux, will say it is my plan
this year to use lime-sulphur for Winter spray until
the foliage starts, and then change to Bordeaux up to
the time the bloom opens. The formula for this is
three pounds copper sulphate (bluestone), four pounds
of lime, two pounds arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of
water. In some instances I use as low as 2)4 pounds
bluestone. After the bloom falls and for subsequent
sprayings I return to lime-sulphur and omit the Bor¬
deaux. The formula for this is as follows: One gal¬
lon of commercial lime-sulphur to 30 or 35 gallons of
water with arsenate of lead in the proportion of two
pounds of the lead to 50 gallons of water.
Sprayings for bitter rot late in the season will return
to Bordeaux, as I consider it a better fungicide for
bitter rpt than is lime-sulphur. It is for the same
reason— because I believe it to be a better fungicide—
that I used Bordeaux before the bloom is out and after
the foliage starts. At this particular time I have known
of but very slight, if any, injury to the fruit, owing, I
believe, tq the fact that the young fruit is covered with
a fuzzy growth which protects it from injury. You
have no doubt noticed that the Codling-moth larva
never enters the apple from the side at this time,
but through blossom end, showing, in my opinion,
that the fuzzy skin of the apple is doubly protected.
The later brood enters at the side or any other place.
I am trving with one orchard the use of lime sulphur
only for all the applications. I think we shall have
determined this season whether Bordeaux is to go out
of use altogether or whether it is to be retained for
use at certain times.
The outlook here (Central) and in Southern Illinois
for apples is good. In Southern Illinois trees have
been sprayed and will be in bloom in Clay and Rich¬
land Counties by April 20, if weather conditions re¬
main favorable. Last season the apples were in full
bloom April 3 in same locality. H. m. dunlap.
Champaign Co., Ill.
TAR PAPER AND CEMENT.
We note your recommendation of putting a piece of
heavy tarred paper between the upper and lower layers
of cement to keep the floor dry and warm. I would
like to know if this has been tried out and proved good.
If so. it strikes us as being a good thing to know about,
as many people hesitate to put down cement floors on
account of their being cold and damp. c. a. l.
Oshkosh, Wis.
The paper is placed between the top and bottom
layers of cement floors for two different reasons, or
rather under two altogether different circumstances.
First, when building overhead stables that must be
perfectly water-tight the tar paper is placed between
the layers of cement with the object in view of pre¬
venting any leakage, as cement is quite porous unless
carefully tamped and troweled down to a smooth hard
finish, which is very undesirable for stock of any kind
to stand on. When used with . the idea of making a
warmer floor it is when a floor is laid in damp, cold
places, where the cement is supposed to draw moisture
from the bottom foundation making it cold, and the
claim is based on the theory that the tar paper cuts off
the capillary attraction of the cement, or in other
words, robs it of the power to draw moisture from
a wet foundation. Nearly all of us farmers have found
by personal experience that a heavy coat of manure or
any coarse material placed between the top and bottom
soil in a dry time greatly reduces tire power of the top
soil to draw sufficient moisture from the bottom to
carry the crop through until rain comes.
As to the paper making the floor warmer I do not
think that there would be any benefit derived from the
paper where the floor is laid on a good, dry founda¬
tion of broken stone, with provision for quick drainage
in time of unusual rains or sudden thaws in Winter
and Spring. I have a pig-pen 22x36, where the cement
floors have been in use 17 years, and are plenty warm
and dry without the paper, but the location is ideal in
every respect as to drainage and sunshine. I have
handled several hundred hogs and pigs in that time.
I have never had one with rheumatism and only one
stiff hog, which I think was hurt by having too many
in one pen at fattening time, instead of being on a
cement floor. I once sold four nice young pigs to a
man who had a plank floor in his pen, but no sun¬
light ; in a few weeks they were badly crippled with
rheumatism. So if I was to give my personal opinion
as to the use of tar paper I would say under certain
conditions it might be beneficial, as I stated in regard
to overhead work or to keeping moisture out, but as to
warmth obtained in a direct way, by the use of tar
paper I doubt if it would be very noticeable.
Pennsylvania. w. A. b.
IMMIGRATING TO NEW YORK STATE.
What a Western Man Found.
Part II.
Our welcome to that village was that usually ac¬
corded tramps and vagabonds. We were most un¬
comfortable; baby was sick; we were disappointed,
dejected, downhearted, disgusted, almost desperate.
Every fatm in the country was for sale. Every man,
woman and child had a farm or a mother’s or aunt’s
farm to sell. Every owner anxious to sell and get
away, and I did not blame them. I was advertised in
the paper. Letters came offering farms. Carriages
lined up and waited their turn to have me jot down
brief description and terms, and be politely dismissed.
A LESSON IN POTATO BREEDING. Fig. 192.
I kept my temper, though it stretched it to have
women push into the house to tell about their farms.
But I lost it when the real estate agents came and
did not let me go to meals ; I ordered one off the
place. He hesitated but withdrew. I wished I was
Mark Twain so that I could laugh at it all. One poor
old man about SO had no farm to sell. My heart
warmed to him. He said, “Are you a judge of
jewelry?” “No,” I said. “Well,” he said, “I found
this ring; can you tell me what it’s worth?” I judged
about five cents, but did not wish to disillusion the
old man. “They tell me its worth $6 or $7, but I’ll
sell it to you for $2.50.” I declined and learned
afterward that that was his game. I think I must
look green. Any man who wants to buy a farm in
- surely has a screw loose somewhere.
I went to the county town to a farm agency. I
asked him how much his commission was. “Ten per
cent, but the seller pays that.” I told him I wanted to
look at a farm and have possession immediately. He
drove me 40 miles one afternoon to look at two farms.
“Possession?” Next Spring.
I went back to the town. Just as it was darkest
there came a box by express from the old home down
in Connecticut. The sun came out ; the clouds rolled
away inside and out; the youngsters danced about
that box and shouted, and when we opened it they
clapped their hands. “Goody! Goody! See, oh, see!”
A whole box of goodies ; a regular Thanksgiving
feast : roast chicken, boiled ham, cakes, pies, crullers,
nuts and candy in grand profusion. “Let’s go by the
brook.” So by the sweet meadow and pretty brook
we sat to a glorious feast and hope sprang up and
“THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE HOME.” Fig. 193.
the world was bright again. I was really quite civil
to the old man who hobbled down to the brook and
wanted us to buy it.
Tbe brave little woman said, “We came to buy a
farm. I'm all right here. You go and stay till you
find one.” The next day I came back with my hired
man to move into our farm. As we turn our back
on - we remember many kinds words and deeds
from a few new-found friends.
If the village of - had possessed a chamber of
commerce or village improvement society or some
such booster’s association, and that society had a com¬
mittee to invite new enterprises and encourage im¬
migration of farmers within reach of their merchants
and such committee had said : “Mr. Cary, we want
you to settle here. Please come to our rooms. Here
is a map of our county with every farm bounded ;
those for sale are marked with the net price. We get
no commission. We want to help you settle here.
That farm there you looked at has never been pro¬
ductive. This farm, and this and this are good farms,
productive and with good buildings. You cannot find
a better farm for the money than we can show you,
nor more reasonable terms. We want you here.” If
such committee had worked thus I would be pleas¬
antly located at - . Thousands of farmers are
coming to New York State. Why do not the towns
offer some encouragement to the farm buyers? A
committee as suggested above would spoil the real
estate agents’ business, but would not be out of pocket
at all. Make farm owners pay for any advertising
and the farm buyer would be more than glad to pay
for carriage hire to visit the farms most attractive.
On a beautiful day, June 9, we drove along the
banks of the Susquehanna to Owego, then north to
the hill. It is a climb from the creek to the hilltop
of about 500 feet in over a mile. The prospective farm
buyer should have a topographical map of the town —
costs five cents, and is obtained from the Director
United States Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C. This will show how the land lies, and the real
estate man, too. Our farm is gently sloping to the
southwest. It is of 105 acres; about 80 in fields and
25 in woods and pasture. Three springs are piped to¬
gether and then to the door; springs in three other
fields and in the pasture. This house was well built
in 1888, and now newly papered and painted inside.
It is large, roomy, light, warm, dry and comfortable;
a good cellar; house needs painting and outside re¬
pairs, porches, etc. Across the road is a horse barn
with ell, made from old house. Behind the house
the barns form a hollow square, one 30x40, two 20x30.
There is a pig house, granary, and woodshed, and up
the road is an old house. The barns all need new
sills and repairs, and new roofs. The fences are
poor. The farm was in the following condition : Nine
acres in oats, 0Ve acres in new seeding (Timothy, as
clover gave up trying to grow). A small patch
plowed for a garden, two acres of potatoes planted
and two acres more ready for potatoes ; 10 acres ready
for corn. There are about 40 old apple trees, a few
plum and pear and two old wrecks of peach trees and
a good black mulberry. There are three grapevines.
The farm has a good reputation. Joseph p. cary.
TELL US ABOUT IT.
We have found that our readers can usually answer
any practical question from experience. When want¬
ing an answer we would rather go to them han to
any library we know of. Here are three hard ones
not down in the books. The first is from a man
“down Cape Cod way.”
How to Hobble a Cow.
That Florida cow made quite au impression on me.
Since reading it I have bought one that lias her beaten.
When three miles from home on a rainy night with a
driving mare and a neighbor helping me to bring her
home, I thought of the advice given in Tite R. N.-Y. to
blindfold a mean cow. We did so, and to my surprise
she came along finely. T now want more advice. Being
well satisfied that if she is turned into my 20 acre
lot I can never catch her, except with a rifle, I should
like to have some of the readers tell me how to hobble
her. She is a Jersey and a good milk and butter cow ;
quiet to milk. f. b.
Massachusetts.
Now then ! this man has the will — show him the
way. What can he do to keep that cow within reach?
Rats, Mice and Hens.
Still another puzzler is put in the following:
We have a great many mice' in our chicken house,
and yesterday saw a rat in it for the first time. We
cannot put our cat in, as we have a pigeon loft above
the chickens. We have set mouse traps again and again,
but catch nothing. Can you give us some sort of mix¬
ture which will mean death to the mice and rats and
yet will not harm the chickens? Several years ago I
read of a mixture of sulphur and butter, I think it was.
Can you help me do something to stamp out this nuis¬
ance? We are not bothered much with rats and mice
otherwise, as we have a good cat. M. u. w.
Ohio.
A good Scotch or rat terrier dog would do the busi¬
ness, but he might frighten the hens, so they would not
lay. Of course you cannot fumigate or use poison
while the hens are in the house. What would you do?
Weasel That Eats Oxen.
Here comes the strangest proposition of all from
our friend Geo. A. Cosgrove.
My next door neighbor, Mr. Geo. A. Rounds, is having
trouble by a weasel eating his oxen. The weasel gets on
top of the oxen at night and actually eats holes through
the hide and sucks the blood. Mr. Rounds stopped
the cattle in front of my house today. It was an
awful sight; one ox had 11 holes on his back, and the
holes were as large as a liickorynut, some much larger.
Mr. Rounds has covered the holes with tar, and then
the weasel makes a hole in another place. lie tried
covering the ox with an old table oilcloth, but the ox
rubbed the cords until they parted. They are not used
to being blanketed and would not stand it. Mr. Rounds
got the weasel cornered in his barn, but he has no club,
and before anyone came in answer to his shouts, the
weasel got away. I gave him two young chicks to tie
to steel traps and he has “dead falls” set in the barn
hut cannot catch the weasel. It is too cold to turn
the cattle outdoors nights, and Mr. Rounds is at his
wits’ end and nearly sick about it. Do you suppose any
of “our folks” could suggest anything?
Connecticut. geo. a. cosgrove.
This beats us. If anyone can help out with this
weasel he will confer a favor on these oxen at least.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
669
APPLE MAGGOT OR “RAILROAD WORM.”
I note that Prof. Waugh, in his book on the “American
Apple Orchard." states that the apple maggot cannot be
controlled by spraying, and that the only way of lighting
that pest that appears to be practicable is the picking
up of the fallen fruit. This being so, it is important to
know how long the maggot remains in the apple after it
falls, and how early in the season the very first of them
leave the apple. How late in the season are they known
to deposit their eggs? G. a.
East Orland, Me.
The apple maggot, also known as the “railroad
worm,” is an apple insect for which there is no effec¬
tive or practicable remedy. Fortunately, there is only
one brood of the flies each year. Were it otherwise the
insect would prove much more of a serious pest than
it is. The adult insect is a fly not quite as large as
the house-fly, and quite different in appearance. The
wings have dark bands across them and probably few
fruit growers have ever seen them. The mother fly,
which is capable of producing 300 to 400 eggs, de¬
posits each one in the flesh of the apple by making
punctures through the skin with her ovipositor. Here
the eggs hatch in four or five days and the maggots
burrow through the flesh of the fruit.
Apples that show no exterior indica¬
tions of the presence of the maggots at
gathering time may be found honey¬
combed by the larvae. Such apples soon
decay in storage. The maggots mature
as the fruit ripens and leave the apples
after they fall to the ground. If an in¬
fested apple falls to the ground before
it is ripe, the maggots may remain in it
some time, or until they attain their
growth before entering the soil. After
entering the soil to the depth of an inch
or less the larvae change to pupae and
rest quietly until the following Spring
when the adults come forth.
This pest attacks sweet and subacid
apples the worst, although it often in¬
fests Fall and Winter varieties. The
flies appear from July 1 on in the New
England States. It is thought that the
time of appearance of the flies is in¬
fluenced by the date of the ripening of
the fruit which they infested the pre¬
vious season, though this has not been
definitely determined. It is certain that
the flies appear with a good deal of
irregularity over quite a long period of
time ; so that it is impossible to say
when the first eggs are laid or when the
last ones are deposited in any particular
locality without detailed study at that
place. A suggested method for con¬
trolling the apple maggot is to pick up
and destroy the fruit as it falls. This
should be done at least every two or
three days. The work of gathering the
fallen fruit should begin as soon as the
first ripe windfalls of the early varie¬
ties are seen and continued until the
fruit is harvested. Orchards may be
pastured with hogs, which will destroy
the fallen fruit. This is probably the
cheapest method of getting rid of these
infested apples. It would seem as
though plowing and cultivating an or¬
chard would destroy the pupae in the
ground, but experiments made up to this
time indicate that the pupae are not
killed to any extent in this way.
In South Africa, where the fruif
growers are much troubled with a
similar and closely related fly, they
spray their trees with a poisoned sweetened solution
made of one pound arsenate of lead, 25 gallons of
water and five gallons of treacle (molasses). The
mixture is sprayed on the trees in coarse drops. The
trees should not be drenched. The idea is to put on
just enough so that the mixture will stand in separate
drops on the leaves. The flies are attracted to the
drops and suck up the poisoned liquid. The molasses
keeps the drops from drying up and, at the same time,
attracts the flies. We are making preparations to try
this remedy here. In the meantime, it is worthy of
trial by fruit growers troubled with this pest.
GLENN W. HERRICK.
They Lave government inspection of farm products in
Hungary down to the point where hay and fodder can be
bought under a botanical inspection to prevent weed
selling.
The government of New South Wales has lent $6,632,-
•*-.> to 8,456 settlers on land. More than one-third of
this has been repaid. This government recognizes the
fact that farmers need capital and that $1,000,000 loaned
to 1.000 farmers may be better for the country than when
loaned to a banker.
A YEAR’S WORK IN POTATO BREEDING.
The difficulty experienced in producing new and
valuable varieties of potatoes by cross-fertilizing po¬
tato blossoms and growing plants from the seeds in
the seed ball is so great that the potato grower, and es¬
pecially the seed potato grower, will grasp at any
method of improving the excellent varieties we now
have as something of vital importance. Last Winter
I was interested to compare the views of different
plant breeders in regard to this matter. Some main¬
tained that there could be little improvement made
within the limits of a variety, that potatoes are grown
from bud cuttings and one bud, and therefore one
potato is as good for seed as another. We may vary
the production by improved methods of culture but not
by seed selection. Other plant breeders, however,
maintained that there is a variation in the producing
power of the different buds and also in the character
of the crop which they produce. In the Spring of
1910 T planted some tubers in accordance with a
method outlined by Dr. H. J. Webber of Cornell Uni¬
versity in Reading Course Bulletin No. 43 of that
station and the results of the first year’s work seem
COLORED PUPILS IN SAME TOWN. Fig. 195.
(See Hope Farm Notes, page 566.)
to strongly support the view that there is a wide
variation in the producing power of different tubers.
From about 300 bushels of seed potatoes we selected
four bushels of just the size and type that we consid¬
ered ideal for the two varieties we are planting, the
Irish Cobbler and Early Eureka. We distributed
the fertilizer and opened the furrows in our breeding
plot and then cut each of these selected potatoes
lengthwise into four uniform sized pieces, planting
four hills from each tuber, one piece in a hill. One
hill was left unplanted between each four hill unit, so
that the units could better be kept separate and stud¬
ied through the season. Each one of these four hill
units would of course be a measure of the producing
power of the seed potato which planted it and of the
bud which produced the seed potato.
I studied the vine growth very carefully during the
season and while there was little if any disease there
was a great difference in the vigor of the vine growth
between the different four hill units, but great sim¬
ilarity in the character of the vine growth within the
four hills of each unit. In the Fall we dug the breed¬
ing plot by hand, digging each four hill unit together in
a pile by itself. Then we went through the field and
studied the different piles. Some of them could be
immediately discarded as unworthy of further consid¬
eration, but the best units we carefully weighed and
notes were taken as to the number of marketable po¬
tatoes, the number of unmarketable ones, the uni¬
formity in size, depth of eye, etc. The variation in
the amount and character of the production of these
four hill units, planted as they were under exactly
similar conditions and from carefully selected seed
was a surprise to me. Our best unit gave us 26 mar¬
ketable potatoes, one unmarketable, while the yield re¬
duced to the acre basis was at the rate of 660 pushels
per acre. Our poorest unit gave us six marketable
potatoes, four unmarketable, and a yield of 49/ bush¬
els per acre. Fig. 192 shows two units, one yielding
at the rate of 660 bushels per acre, the other at the
rate of 66 2-3 bushels. I have about 30 units selected
which have an average production of 519J^ per acre.
I shall carry these units through another year and see
how many of them hold up to this high record of pro¬
duction. If not more than one of them
persists you may readily see the value of
the work, because we could go on and in
time produce thousands of bushels from
this one unit. Let us hope that this will
prove to be a practical method for the
maintenance and improvement of the
productivity of our good varieties of po¬
tatoes. E. S. BRIGHAM.
Vermont.
A BOLD SWINDLE IN SOAP.
Last Summer (1910) a slick-tongued
fraud calling himself an agent for
the “Woodbury Soap Company” went
through the northern part of this
county (Clinton) taking orders for soap.
Ten dollars and a half was the sum
asked for the soap, a box of 200 cakes,
and 25 cakes extra if cash was paid
down, and there was a premium of 40
yards of Axminster carpeting, or rugs,
furniture, etc., as the housekeeper might
requite. A very wonderiul bargain, but
so wonderful that it is surprising what
a large number of persons bit at the
bait a stranger 'threw at them, and
with the hook showing so plainly ; yet
they forked over the money asked for
the goods and he delivered to them the
25 cakes of soap as extras. He told
his victims that his partner was to
follow in a week with a four-horse
team and deliver the goods, but neither
himself nor partner have ever appeared.
It is said that he took over $300 in the
town of Chazy alone and skipped many
houses, probably fearing telephones, as
inquiries might be raised. This money
was taken mostly from farmers, many
of them borrowing the money from
neighbors or kinsmen, so eager were
they to get such a bargain. Such human
sharks preying on their kind should be
dealt with as the marine ones are.
But why does the rural community
continue to invest its hard-earned dollars
in the schemes of strangers (where
there isn’t even 35 cents of it coming
back) when we have honest merchants
who would be glad to take orders for
such goods, and there are honest cata¬
logue houses who carry all such goods, even if the
home merchant isn’t selling right? It does not seem
as though they read the papers, or if they do they do
not heed the warnings and go on expecting to get
“something for nothing” and trusting to strangers who
are travelling over the country picking up hard-earned
money. The agricultural journals, especially The
Rural New-Yoricer, are full of warnings to look out
for rogues and swindlers, travelling, and all other
varieties of such parasites. But people who get so
badly taken in do not as a rule expose such rascals,
and allow their neighbors and the community to get bit¬
ten also when the next “green goods promoter” comes
around. People should never allow such things to
pass unnoticed; when you get “stripped among
thieves” expose them, turn on the light of publicity
and the travelling frauds at least will learn that the
highways are too hot for them to travel on, and the
people are too enlightened to give them an ear. The
exposure of such rogues is the duty of every disin¬
terested citizen mrs. j. w. l.
560
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
May 6,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[Every query must be accompanied by tbe namo
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a
separate, piece of paper.]
vetch. If you can make this grow you will
be ready next Spring to plow under and
grow almost any crop.
Preparing for Potatoes.
I have about one-quarter acre of land I
wish to plant to potatoes this Spring. This
land was a very good clover sod last Spring,
which was planted with corn, giving a fair
Coal Ashes in Concrete.
C. M. J., Penn Yan, N. Y. — I was going
to build a cistern with a wall four inches
thick of soft coal ashes and cement in
place of sand and cement, and plaster it
with sand and cement. Some people say
that the coal ashes will soften up when
water gets in the cistern. What do you
think of the plan?
Ans. — I do not think you have any
reason to feel afraid to go right on and
build your cistern with the material
mentioned. The cement and ashes will
not become soft after coming in contact
with the water at all, but make the
finest kind of job. The only objection
to using ashes for a water-tight job is
that it is more liable to have an airhole
in it, which can be easily remedied by
putting the ashes through a coarse coal
sieve in order to get the large clinkers.
Then add one part sand to three of
ashes, mixing thoroughly while dry.
Then if plastered on both sides you have
a first-class job, as cement sets very firm¬
ly to ashes, I think just as well as to,
brick, but should always have a little
sand mixed with them when a tight job
is required. w. A. B.
One-Man Spray Rig.
J. B. B., Grand Rapids, Mich, — Will you
advise me regarding spraying outfits? Do
you know of a compressed air spraying
outfit which will hold anywhere from 10
to 20 gallons of fluid, the fluid to be forced
from the outfit by means of compressed
air? My reason for wanting this com¬
pressed air outfit is that I generally have
to do this work alone. Of course, with
two persons working, one man works the
pump while the other man uses the nozzle.
In many of the catalogues illustrating dif¬
ferent forms of these small spraying ma¬
chines, it shows one man spraying trees
and working the pump at the same time,
but in actual practice this does not work.
The person who holds the nozzle must of
necessity work around the tree and through
the branches, and cannot do it while he is
working the handle of the pump at the
same time, but with the compressed air
outfit it seems to me the matter would be
simple. It seems to me there would be a
good sale for such outfit consisting of bar¬
rel, air pump, or compressing pump, mount¬
ed on a hand truck, so that one man can do
the whole business and do it right.
Ans. — We do not know of just such'
a machine. In theory at least it ought
to work, and if it did so there would
be a good demand for it. A good many
spraying plants using compressed air on
a large scale are in operation, and in
some situations this power is satisfac¬
tory. Its use in a large way will prob¬
ably be limited to certain conditions, but
a barrel power ought to be popular.
Carbide Residuum for Fertilizer.
crop. The soil is a sandy loam. I have
about 500 pounds of clear hen manure,
which has been mixed with a small quantity
of coal ashes, as advised by The R. N.-Y.
Can I use the hen manure as it is, on the
potatoes, or would it be better to use some
chemical with it? I expect to put the
manure in the hill, on top of potato.
Bellmore, L. I. J. J. g.
We would crush this dry hen manure as
fine as possible and mix with it 125 pounds
of fine raw bone and 40 pounds sulphate of
potash if you can buy these small quantities
to advantage. Scatter this mixture in the
liii Is or drills as you would fertilizer.
Rotation From Old Soil.
I should like to know what some of the
readers think of the following rotation to
bring up a sandy loam : First year manure
end plow old sod, disk in 500 pounds lime
per acre ; sow oats and Canada peas, cut
for hay; manure and plant to Winter rye;
second year cut rye green and plant to
corn, using 800 pounds high-grade fertilizer,
cover with clover ; third year plow under
clover and plant to potatoes and mangels,
using 800 pounds high-grade fertilizer per
acre. Plow in Fall and fourth year plant
to oats and Canada peas ; cut early for
hay, plow and seed to grass and clover,
using 500 pounds high-grade fertilizer ; afjter
this have two or three years in grass.
Springfield, Mass. F. H. D.
This rotation seems like a good one to
get this land well in grass. We should
use more lime. The application of 500
pounds seems too small. A ton will pay
better.
How He Slakes Lime. — I have just been
reading on page 433 an article on slaking
a carload of lime. As I have slaked a
good many carloads of lime I do not think
it a hard job, and will tell how we did it.
Make piles, each holding about a ton. Make
three layers out of each ton about 1% foot
thick. On each layer pour enough water
to drv-slake it. Put dirt around the out¬
side of each layer, not on top, except tbe
last one. When last layer is on and
watered, cover the whole pile well with dirt.
Let lie three or four days and lime will be
slaked. If a little lumpy take an iron
rake and rake it off the pile. F. k.
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers ; they enrich the earth and
those who till it.” — Adv.
APPLE TREES
BAL3DWIN
and other standard sorts, 2-yr. old,
also
PEAR, PLUM, PEACH, ETC.
Send for Catalog and ask for special
prices.
J. W. ADAMS COMPANY
Springfield, Mass-
lias carbide residuum any benefit for a
spray for trees, also to put on garden spots?
o. w.
This residue is simply a form of lime and
will have no more value for spraying or
using on the soil than any other lime.
Use of Old Sawdust.
I have a large pile of sawdust which
has lain for about nine years. WTould
it be of any use either as a mulch for
strawberries or trees, mixing with muck
as a compost, or spreading upon mowing
land? E- F- M-
Sawdust nine years old ought to be
well rotted. It does not contain a large
amount of plant food, and is chiefly use¬
ful for mulching. We would use it around
trees and vines — mixed with muck and
lime.
Green Manure Crop.
Dewdrop Everbearing Strawberry
Largest in the World. Bears First Season. Free
circular. H . F. I)KW, Albion, Midi.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES
has been built up by quality trees from a small
beginning to the largest nursery in America— more
than 2,000 acres devoted to growing trees, plants,
vines and ornamental stock. Buy of a responsible
grower and get what you pay for. Address
HARRISON’S NURSERIES
Ten Valuable Farms For Sale. BOX 421, Berlin, Md.
CABBAGE PLANTS
$3.00 I’ER lOOO.
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
Early Jersey Wakefield, Charleston Wakefield,
Early Summer, Enkhnizen Glory and Succession.
Shipped in damp moss, If not satisfied I will
refill the order free. R. S. MONOS, Mappsville, (near
Maryland line, Penna. R.R. System, Adams Express) Virginia.
ALFALFA
Is there anything better for making green
manure than a crop of rye plowing under
and following with a crop of clover to plow
in? If you know of anything better please
let me know. p. g. h.
Either clover or vetch would be better
than tbe rye for green manure because they
contain more nitrogen. If the rye is now
growing and you wish to improve tbe soil
plow tbe rye under when about 18 inches
high and sow Canada field peas. Plow
those under in late July or August, use lime
and sow a combination of rye and Hairy
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which we invite you to get Government tests.
Tliia seed should produce hay at $60 per acre] an¬
nually. Free instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. We
handle export grade only and can furnish grass
mixture suitable for any soils.
SOYBEANS
Wing’s Mikado, Sable
and Mongol are the
heaviest known yield-
ers. Are all our own
new varieties obtainable from ns only. Mikado
has record of 37 bu. per acre. Will grow on poor
soil and greatly improve it. Write today for cataloe.
WING SEED CO., Box 323 Mechanicsburg, O.
A high color
Brussels Bug,
red rose design
with either
green or tan
k ground.
A Tlo. CW 4602,
a 9x12 size.
Price, $11.95
$1.50 Cash
KaSl 75c per
'j&ASv month
NOmatterwhereyoulive.yon can buy everything needed
for tiie home from us on credit and on easy payments
to suit your convenience. All you need to do is to mail
ns your name and address and we will at once send you,
»roo, our Mammoth Home Furnishing Catalog, containing
illustrations from photographs and full descriptions of
thousands of articles in Furniture, Bugs, Carpets and
Homo Furnishings sold by us on longtime, open account,
easy credit terms.
A Personal
Word
The rich and
prosperous class
can always com¬
mand the lux¬
uries of life, but
the average
home lover needs
the Spear System
of Credit to the
Nation. I want
1,000,000 families
to say of me:—
“He helped us to
furnish andbeau-
tify our homes.”
I ask for no high¬
er tribute to my
life’s work.
Write for my
Free Catalog.
Spear j
\ of JL
V Pittsburg /
Credit Buying Made Easy
Price, com.
plete, $11.68
Terms: 75c Casn^^^J
^Ji With Order
Balance Payable 50c Monthly
SPE AR & COMPANY, DepartmentlOMMPittsburg, Pa,
i
Dibble’s Seed Corn
Pedigree stock, carefully selected and of high germination— fills the
cribs and silos — varieties that we have found by experience on our own
1,000 acre seed farms best adapted to the Middle and Eastern States.
DIBBLE’S
Mammoth Yellow Flint
Earliest, most productive,
large-growing Flint corn in
cultivation. Matures here
in 100 days.
At this writing, not quite
2,000 bushels on hand. To
DIBBLE’S
Early Yellow Dent
Best early Yellow Dent for
the silo where seasons are
short and frost comes early.
With us planted before J tine
1st. ready for the knife first
week in September.
DIBBLE’S
Improved Learning
By all odds, best all-round,
large-growing Yellow Dent
for the silo- Thoroughly ac¬
climated, grown here in
Western New York eight
years and is two weeks earl¬
ier than the common Le oil¬
ing of commerce.
close out we quote any of the above varieties — bushel, $2.00;
two-busliel hag, $3.()0; 10-bushel lots or over, $1.25 per
bushel. Newbagsfree. Send vourordersat once. Upon arrival, if not entirely satisfac¬
tory in every wav.return it and we will return your money and pay the freight both ways.
ADDRESS
EDWARD F. DIBBLE
. . . SEEDGR O WER. . .
Box B HONEOYE FALLS, N. Y.
SALESMEN WANTED
TO SELT, TREES
AND PLANTS
Free outfit. Commission paid weekly. Write for
terms. PERRY NURSERIES, Rochester, NewYork
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for new Ulus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,00(1 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Dei,
STRAWBERRIES
Plan to have plenty in your own garden. 100 plants
in three best varieties, $1.00 postpaid.
Geo. R. Schauber, Box R, Ballston Lake, N. Y.
rnc Oil I C— Cow Peas, $2.50 to $3.00 bushel;
lull OMLC Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel:
Black-Eyed Peas, $3.00 bushel.
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND . . Milford. Del.
r» A II I I A 0— TWENTY kinds (my selection) $1.
U Ail LI nO Satisfaction guaranteed. Write for
full particulars. II. F. BURT, Taunton. Mass.
Black’s Peach Trees-1911
- - ...Peach Trees are one of our specialties — we 4
grow for quality and not quantity alone. Our 1
V - ■' trces* however, cost little, if any, more than lhel
ordinary sort — we employ no agents, but sell!
direct, saving middleman’s profits.* w ■ ■ »
New lookiet, “Springtime and VdIl3dDI6
Harvest for the Fruit-grower." free. > « ■
Booklet
Sent Free
Joseph H. Black, Son & Co.
Box V, Hightstown, New Jersey
FRUIT TREES AND PLANTS
AT VERY
LOW PRICES
Apples ... $15.00 per lOO
Peaches ... $8.00 per lOO
Cherries ... $10.00 per lOO
Strictly First-Class Stock, Government In¬
spected. Write today for our free catalogue
on Fruits and Ornamentals, and buy direct
from the growers. Our trees are grown in that
great nursery belt of Ontario County.
ONTARIO NURSERY CO., Inc.
GENEVA, N. Y. Box No. 21
OLYMPIC NATURE NURSERY
Rhododendrons, Madronas, Oregon Grapes, Huckle¬
berries and other wild shrubs, plants and flowers.
By mail, 10 for 50 cents, 24 for SI. 00 postpaid.
Money back if not satisfied.
JOEL SHOMAKER, Nelli ta, Washington.
Sweet Potato Plants MBlStS
list free. W. S. FORD & SON, Hartly, Del,
SURPLUS STRAWBERRY PLANTS
100,000 Dunlaps, Cardinal, Warfield, Sample aud
Haverlaml, at$1.20 per 1,000, or$2.25for 2,000. These
are fine plants, pure, fresh-dug and true to name.
These prices are good from May 6 to May 15. Cata¬
log of 25 varieties free. Address:
S. A. VIRDIN - - - Hartly. Del,
PEACH TREES
ELBEltTA, CARMAN, HIELEY, and all the
leading varieties at prices that will save you money.
We have APPLE, PEAR, PLUM, and other varieties of
fruit trees also. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY CO.L^S
THE RURAL* NEW'YORKER
501
1911
ALFALFA IN A MULCHED ORCHARD.
R. M., Frankfort , Mich. — Would Alfalfa
be suitable as a sod mulch? What appeals
to me is the fact that Alfalfa would pro¬
duce more mulch than any other plant, and
Is also not so easily crowded out. At the
other -hand, I am in doubt as to whether
it does not rob the trees of moisture more
than grasses or clover.
Ans. — We should not think of seed¬
ing Alfalfa in a young orchard. This
crop is such a strong grower that it
will rob the young trees of moisture
and hurt them. Even cutting it and
leaving all on the ground would not en¬
tirely overcome this objection. With
older trees, say 10 years or more in
growth, Alfalfa might be useful, par¬
ticularly in strong soil naturally moist,
We have seen such an orchard near
Syracuse, N. Y. It was about 14 years
old. The first crop of Alfalfa was taken
out as hay and the later growth cut and
left on the ground. This orchard was
thrifty and strong, and the Alfalfa on
all this mulching was remarkable.
Keeping Up The Fertility.
S. O. C., Paris, Ky. — Would the use of
retch enable one to put the same land in
corn every year for a number of years,
without the use of commercial fertilizers?
In this county we never use fertilizer, as
the land is naturally a very deep limestone
soil, and fertile. Could the vetch be sown
at the last plowing of the corn and turned
under the next Spring for another crop of
corn, and this rotation kept up for any
length of time? Do you know of any way
in which two fields could be used, one in
corn every year, without impairing the fer¬
tility of the soil to too great au extent,
without the use of manure?
Ans. — Yes, if you could seed vetch in
the com at the last cultivation each year
and get a good stand to plow under in
Spring you could keep on growing corn
for several years. It would probably
pay better to use a mixture of acid
phosphate and potash on the corn. The
vetch will supply nitrogen, but the other
elements will be needed too. This plan
would keep up the fertility of the soil,
yet the corn might fail, since after
growing several years on the same
ground smut disease and insects may
become so bad as to injure the crop.
The vetch or clover with the phosphate
and potash mill keep up the fertility.
An Old-Time Fake.
T. IF. ( No Address). — I have just clipped
the note enclosed from a Sunday paper. I
would like to know if this is a fact, or
merely one way of attracting the attention
of the afflicted, or their friends, to some
quack remedy? We have a dear cousin
whose lovely young daughter has epileptic
fits, and if there is a possible help for her
would be glad to know it. We know they
have tried a great many things without
avail, and would not like to encourage
them to try this new remedy without in¬
vestigating a little. Can you help us?
What we would like to know is the truth
there is in this “dispatch from New York.”
Ans. — Here is the note with address
omitted :
A dispatch from New York, dated March
25, is as follows : Advices from every di¬
rection fully confirm previous reports that
the remarkable treatment for epilepsy be¬
ing administered by the consulting physi¬
cians .of the - - Institute is achiev¬
ing wonderful results. Old and stubborn
cases have been greatly benefited and many
patients claim to have been entirely cured.
Persons suffering from epilepsy should
write at once for a supply of the remedy,
which is being distributed gratuitously.
\ou may put this down as an un¬
qualified humbug. It is probably a paid
advertisement, put in this way to at¬
tract attention by pretending to be ac¬
tual news. . A nice “Sunday” paper it
must be to print such stuff. This is a
good example of what we call a “con¬
cealed advertisement.” The object is to
give the scheme a fake editorial en¬
dorsement by putting it as reading mat¬
ter without any marks of an advertise¬
ment. It is hard to say which is the
greater faker, the rogue who tries to sell
the “remedy” or the paper that takes a
payt of the “graft.”
This “free distribution” is an old fake.
It involves the purchase of some pre¬
tended article which can only be ob¬
tained from this “institute.” They will
lead you on by “guff” and promises to
buy their stuff. They have not “con¬
quered” anything except possibly a few
trusting suckers who gave up their hard-
earned money. We make much of this
because it is a common form of one of
the most vulgar schemes for getting
money.
“BLOOD MONEY.”
It is not an uncommon thing to sec in
the New York papers an advertisement
calling for a supply of fresh human blood.
Recently small notes were printed offering
$25 to anyone who would furnish two
quarts of fresh blood from his veins. This
blood was needed for a woman patient in
one of the hospitals. In certain cases the
blood becomes feeble and incapable of doing
its work of sustaining the body. In such
cases the only hope, and that sometimes a
slim one, is to put fresh blood into the
veins of the patients taken directly from
the body of a thoroughly well person. In
the case mentioned the woman was rapidly
failing from a bleeding from the nose which
could not be stopped. It was thought that
fresh blood would relieve this hemorrhage.
In response to this advertisement 100 men
and one woman offered themselves for ex¬
amination. In almost every case the appli¬
cant stated that he needed the money.
They had been out of work for weeks, with
no chance of obtaining employment, and
they were ready to jump at the chance of
opening their veins for the sake of earning
this sum of money with which to support
their families. It was a pitiful string of
applicants to come forward in this way
offering their life blood for $25. In a case
of this kind it is absolutely necessary that
the organs of the body should be perfect
and the blood in normal condition. The
applicants were first subject to a test for
heart action, and this left only eight out of
the 101 who offered themselves. They
were surprised to learn that they were suf¬
fering from defective heart action, or kid¬
ney trouble, when they had supposed them¬
selves to be in good health. Most of the
93 who were rejected were defective in
heart or lungs or lacking in bodily health.
It was said that the great majority of
them were poorly nourished and actually
needed food. Finally the eight that were
left were dropped down to two. One was
a working man with a family who had
been out of work for a long time, and
begged to be allowed to undergo the opera¬
tion, since he had passed all the examina¬
tions. Here was a man, strong and well,
denied the right to earn money at his trade
with which to support his family, and yet
willing to open the arteries in his wrist in
order that wife and children might have
$25 with which to buy food. It was a sad
disappointment for this man when the
other younger man was selected simply be¬
cause his blood was a little better, and
would evidently blend better with that of
the patient. The operation consisted in
strapping the wrist of this man to that of
the suffering patient. The wrist was then
opened and blood taken and permitted to
run into the veins of the patient. It was
apparently thoroughly successful, only one
quart of blood being required, and the pa¬
tient now stands a good chance for recov¬
ering. We speak of this to show some¬
thing of the human side of life in a great
city. One of the men who applied in this
case had gone through one such operation
before, having given some three months
ago a quart of blood to save the life of
another patient. The woman who applied
had furnished live skin for the operation
of skin grafting on two occasions. One
would hardly like to recommend a trade of
tois kind to his friends, and yet without
question much of this very thing is being
done in the interests of science and for the
help of those who suffer. Not so long ago
a poor man sold one of his ears for graft¬
ing upon the head or face of a rich West¬
ern man who had had an ear cut off in an
accident !
All out-doors
invites your Kodak.
Every day there are pictures right at home that are worth the taking —
pictures of the family that will always be cherished, pictures of stock and
crops and buildings that will always be of interest and value.
And when you are away from home there are pictures that are not
only of interest but of value, too, pictures that mean dollars and cents to
you. Every progressive farmer to-day is a student of the methods of
those who are making the biggest successes in agriculture. A Kodak
makes the most effective note book.
Our Catalogue explains how simple picture taking is by the Kodak
method and how inexpensive. It’s free at the Kodak dealers, or by mail.
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY,
387 State Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
chamois stun KhaKi
The Work Shirt That Really Serves Its Purpose
Uncle Sam found that khaki, because of its extra strength was the right material forarmv
wear; and because of its extra wearing quality our especially woven khaki with the "soft
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Pliable washable and strong, the best 50c work shirt made— and Guaran-
M teed. At your dealer’s; if not send us his name, your collar size and 50c
mr — - -
The President Shirt Co.. 121 Wyoming St.. Baltimore, Md.
MORE ABOUT THE MANURE SPREADER.
Some time ago I wrote an article on the
manure spreader. Five replies have ap¬
peared, seemingly in refutation of my ar¬
ticle. As a matter of fact all but one con¬
firm it. One says, “I keep it (the spreader)
stored.” Evidently he does not use it every
day. Another uses his 10 or 12 days, Spring
and Fall. A third uses a litter carrier, and
draws the manure out only occasionally.
The fourth stores bis and draws it out
only twice a year. These four ail do as I
recommended, e., store their manure and
only haul it out occasionally. The fact that
their spreaders are used only occasionally
accounts for the fact that few repairs have
been needed. The other may not feed silage
and roots to his cows, and hence may not
have as much liquid in the manure, or he
may have more straw available for bedding,
or bis floor may be leaky. Even if under
exactly similar conditions, his spreader had
needed fewer repairs than mine, it would
not prove that mine had not needed them.
My spreader has always stood in the barn,
and with the exception of the apron chains,
has always received oiling. These would
not be considered working parts. I would
like to hear from some of those who have
had the same experiences as I have had.
'ihere must be such. A neighbor, win*
bought his new, since I had mine, has had
his troubles. In explanation, I will state
that I did not state the fact that the wheel
slipped, as a disadvantage, but to show
what a heavy draft the spreader had. Fur¬
thermore, I did not set the repairs, but the
depreciation, at $10 annually. If I had
not known the good points of the spreader
I should not have recommended it at all.
As it is so much easier to get, through
agents and advertising the advantages, than
it is to get the disadvantages, I thought it
well to give the other side. In conclusion, I
would recommend to anyone buying a spread¬
er, that, before he use it, he give it one or
two coats of hot linseed oil, inside, and
that he never let the apron chains (those
to which the slats are riveted) get dry of
oil. as otherwise they rust together and
break, thus starting a repair bill. If I had
known as much about the spreader before
getting it as I do now, I might not have
gotten it, and I feel sure that I would have
had a great deal less trouble if I had fol¬
lowed the course suggested above.
ALBERT IT. DE GRAFF.
Dreer’s Garden Supplies
A full line of Garden Tools, Spraying Implements and
Materials, Lawn Mowers, Rollers, Rakes, etc., also
Fertilizers for lawn and garden. Write for catalogue.
Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa.
AMERICAN SAW MILLS
Make most money because they do best work in
quickest time with least power and smallest crews,
owing to their simple construction and improved,
patented devices. Portable and stationary. All sizes.
Variable Friction Feed, Combined Ratchet Setworki*
and Quick Keeeder and other superior features. Free
Catalog and Prices will interest you. Lists our com¬
plete line of wood working machinery.
American Saw Mill Machinery Co.
129 Hope St., ilackettstown, N. J.
15S*2 Terminal Buildings, New York
Y*m afe *be man behind the Plow wants a Good Fertilizer. For the
* OI llivl Oj Land s sake give him the real Farm Chemical, such as:
Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash
Sulphate of Potash Kainit
Our 40 years cf experience, prompt service, best facilities, are back of every bag of these Genuine Materials.
We advise to buy now, prompt service. Write us for Prices TO-DAY. Any amount from 200-lb. bag up
FARMERS UNITED CHEMICAL CO.,
Box 317, Reading, Pa.
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE.
A
ONI
I EC'
^RTILI
. . . SOLELY MANUFACTURED BY . . .
*Tke Rogers & Hubbard Co.
Middletown, Conn.,
Send for Free Almanac telling all about
the Hubbard “Bone Base” Fertilizers.
Rutland Co., Vt., Jan. 6, 1911.
The Rogers & Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.
Gentlemen I got last year 200 bu. of
ears of Corn, 700 bu. of Onions, $300.00
worth of Raspberries and $600.00 worth of
Strawberries to the acre, fertilized en¬
tirely with Hubbard’s “Bone Base” Ferti¬
lizers. A net result of $200.00 better than
ever before, due entirely to their liberal
use. That is a satisfactory result on our
stony knolls which some writer has called,
“Pretty thin pickings.”
Yours truly,
W. W. Goodnow.
6©2
H'HBj RURAL NEW-YORKER
May 6,
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE
A British steamer will shortly sail from
Portland, Oregon, with 3,500,000 feet of
lumber for Nanking and Hangkow, China,
800 miles up the Yangtse Kiang River.
The whole distance will be about 5,500
miles.
Horseradish. — “I want information re¬
garding the New York market for horse¬
radish, the amount that can be sold, pres¬
ent prices, etc.” w. s.
New Hampshire.
Several inquiries about this matter are
at hand. It all depends upon the quality
of the horseradish. Comparatively little
prime root is grown in the East at present.
Most of the supply comes from the Central
West, largely Missouri, where it grows to
perfection in the black soil of reclaimed
swamps. Single roots weighing upwards of
one pound are not uncommon. To bring
best prices horseradish must be practically
free from knobby, branching roots. Several
growers in New York State and New Jersey
are raising very fine roots, which are sold
at top prices to special customers, but most
dealers do not care to encourage shipments
from New York or New England except
from experienced growers, as the common
roots growing in meadows and wet pastures
are not worth the transportation charges
for this trade. There is a steadily increas¬
ing demand for this vegetable for both hotel,
and family trade, and the business has be¬
come large enough to interest speculators.
The root is taken 'from the market and put
into cold storage until prices are forced to
a level that will make an ample profit on
the speculation. One man near New York
has at present 20 carloads in storage. He
grates and bottles it, selling to the hotel
and retail trade. Wholesale prices for the
root run from .$4 to $7 per 100 pounds.
Our judgment is that growers of a small
quantity of horseradish would do better to
sejl it locally than ship to New York.
Gx-atcd horseradish becomes discolored quick¬
ly. The supply that the village grocer gets
from his wholesaler blackens, and here is
the local growers’ opportunity. A supply
freshly grated, and delivered to grocery or
family trade two or three times a week
will net more profit than selling the root
whole.
Cabbage.— New York has been overloaded
with this product during the past two
weeks. New stock from the South has ar¬
rived freely. Some has brought barely
enough to pay the freight, and several cars
have been abandoned as not worth the
charges. Part of the trouble was due to
the poor condition, but more to the surplus.
The same thing happened last year with
cabbage, sweet potatoes and some other
products, and will doubtless continue until
a quick and unprejudiced system of dis¬
tributing market information is devised. It
may . be said that commission men should
warn shippers when a market gets seriously
overloaded. Some of them do, but there are
many who encourage shipments, so long
as they bring enough to pay freight and
commission. This is a matter which the De¬
partment of Agriculture at Washington
might well consider. They have the facili¬
ties for distributing daily information
through the press, weather and crop bulle¬
tins, etc., and some market information
might be added to these daily bulletins
without much additional expense. No great
details would be needed. In the present
case the brief statement that New York
is overloaded with cabbage would have en¬
abled shippers to divert some of the stuff
to more favorable markets. Reliable daily
news regarding market conditions on some
staple perishable products in half a dozen
large cities would be of great value to the
public generally.
Easter Fi.owers. — The florists are unani¬
mous in saying that it was a plant Easter
this year ; while millions of cut flowers
were sold the greatest demand among retail
purchasers was for pot plants. The com¬
bination of a late Easter with an excep¬
tionally backward season resulted in plants
of extra high quality, as they were not
unduly forced, and thus showed firm and
robust growth with flowers of natural color
and texture. Next to the lilies, which are
always in enormous demand, climbing roses
were among the most popular plants, in
baskets or in standard and umbrella shapes,
Crimson Rambler, Dorothy Perkins, Tau-
scndchon, Lady Gay, etc., and there were
also many Baby Ramblers. Among pot
roses. of the Hybrid Perpetual class Magna
Charta is still a favorite, as it blooms free¬
ly and makes a handsome plant under
forcing conditions. The yellow Genista,
which has been a little out of favor for a
few years, was again popular, and there
were beautiful Acacias and Laburnums. Hy¬
drangeas Otaksa and Thomas Hogg were
exceptionally fine and purchased eagerly,
while there were magnificent Rhododendrons
for those who wanted large plants. Azaleas
sold rapidly, and in New York the supply
in the smaller sizes was reported as un¬
equal to the demand. A novelty in the
trade was the little native moss pink, Phlox
subulata, in attractive pottery bowls. The
beautiful tropical vine Bougainvillea, with
masses of rosy mauve bracts, . and some
potted orchids, Cattleyas, Miltonias, Den-
drobiums and Oncidiums, appeared in the
high-class trade, while Spiraeas, hyacinths,
lily of the valley and marguerites sold free¬
ly in popular trade. In cut flowers roses
and carnations were exceedingly plentiful,
and prices were moderate, American Beauty
being especially disappointing to sellers.
Violets were also plentiful and an enormous
quantity of all these flowers went to the
street venders. Probably the only flower
that went up in price on Saturday was lily
of the valley, which became scarce, advanc¬
ing from $2 per 100 in the morning to .$3
and $4 by midnight. Violets were from 25
cents per 100 for low grades to 75 cents
for specials. Since Easter the street men
have been selling violets freely for 10 cents
a bunch, and roses equally cheap.
Spraying in Nebraska.
We finished the first spraying of our home
commercial orchard to-day, April 22. The
object of the first spraying is to destroy
such spores of fungus diseases as have been
carried over the Winter. The proper time
for this first application is before the blos¬
som buds actually open, at the stage when
they show by a pink tinge that they will
bloom in a few days. Formula : Four
pounds sulphate of copper, five pounds of
fresh stone lime slaked, 2% pounds of ar¬
senate of lead to 50 gallons of water. The
Bordeaux portion of the application is to
destroy fungus spores, the arsenate of lead
portion in the combination is expected to
help guard against canker-worm, apple and
plum curculio. The second application will
be applied just after the petals of the blos¬
soms fall and before the calyx of the apple
closes. For the second application we shall
use three pounds of sulphate of copper, five
pounds of lime, 2% pounds of arsenate of
lead to 50 gallons of water, applying the
same with a 3% horse power gasoline en¬
gine intended to maintain a pressure of 175
to 200 pounds, and thus applying the spray
with such force as shall fill the calyx of
the apple. Our apricots have set fruit,
apparently have suffered no harm, plum and
cherry are in excellent condition, black
raspberries, blackberries, strawberries and
grapes are in excellent condition. The
apple tree buds up to this time have suf¬
fered no harm. At this moment the indi¬
cations are very encouraging for a crop of
fruit. During our dry Springs, where the
country is drv over a wide area there seems
to be less liability to severe dangerous cold
Waves. E. F. STEPHENS.
Saline Co., Nebraska.
‘‘Working Dogs.” — The latest live stock
organization which we read about is a
Draft Dog Society which is organized in
Belgium. The object of this is to preserve
the Belgium breed of mastiff and improve
the condition of working dogs. A working
dog will seem like a strange animal to a
good many of our people, but in Europe
large dogs are used to haul loads, often
taking the place of horses or oxen. It is
said that there arc 150.000 dogs used for
working purposes in Belgium, with 10,000
of these in the city of Brussels. When
properly trained these dogs haul heavy
loads, and are very useful, and this society
appears to be necessary in order to preserve
proper type of working dogs.
Yes, sir, that’s right — you keep this engine for $7.50, a wonderful gasoline
engine offer, an offer without a parallel. We ship you Schmidt’s Chilled Cylinder
Gasoline Engine on your simple request without an order or any promise from you. You use the
engine 10 entire days, use it all you want to. Then if you don’t
want it, send it back at our expense. If you do wish to keep it,
pay us only $7.50 and the rest in the easiest monthly
payments. We send you the engine free, to prove that
it is the greatest air cooled 3 horse power engine on earth. It
is the only engine with the marvelous, powerful chilled cylin¬
der. The only engine for farm use with a spark retarder.
The new type gasoline engine that has revolutionized the gaso¬
line engine industry. The only engine good enough to send
out on actual free trial without a cent down in any way.
1 L®mgTrae
Ten Days’ Trial FREE
This is the first genuine free trial ever offered on
gasoline engines for farm and shop use, We want you to see
that women and children can run this engine. Use the engine
to run any machinery you have — the pump— separator — washing
machine — corn shelter — grinder — anything. Engine is ready to
run when you get it. We will send you prepaid our sensational
offer and our very useful book “How to Use Power” free.
5 Years Guarantee inder Gasoline Engine
is absolutely guaranteed for 5 years in every piece and part.
The biggest bank in Iowa backs our $1,000 challenge offer.
to Pay
If you like this
engine after try¬
ing it out for ten
whole days you
can keep it and
take long time to
pay for it on eccy
monthly payments, or
afterusing it free for
ten days, just send it
back at our expense.
Makes Woman’s
Work Light and Easy
How to Use Power promptly we will send
our useful book “How to Use Power” free. Send us your
name and address today.
Schmidt Bros. Co. Engine Works, Dept. 3535 Davenport, Iowa
WE SELL FARMS in Oceana, best County in U. S.
Fruit, Alfalfa, Grain, Vegetables, Stock, Poul¬
try. J. D. S. HANSON & SON, Hart, Mich.
ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY AND FENCE COMPANY
1225 East 24th Street, Indianapolis, Ind.
p'OR SALE — Ninety-six acre farm; nine-room
A house; two barns — 28 by 34 with basement, and
30 by 40; fruit; spring water in house ami barn;
maple sugar grove. Price, $2,500. Terms: $800cash,
the balance mortgage at five per cent. HALL’S
FARM AGENCY, Owego.N. Y.
DROWN FENCE
Strongest, most durable fence
made. Heaviest, closest wires. Double
I^^galvanized. Practically indestructible. Stock
strong Chicken tight. 14 to 35c per rod. Sample free. Wepayfrt.
The brown Fence & Wire Co., Dept. 50 Cleveland. Ol io
PROFITABLE INVESTMENT
Republic
Ornamental Fence
will enhance the value
of your property.
Rnniiklir Ornamental
nepUDllC F E, N C E S
aremade by cabling large heavily galvanized wires
...... in serting heavy upright wire pickets, corrugated
^ only at point of intersection ; thus forming an immovable joint
withoutinjuringthegalvanizcd coating. Most durable lencemade.
A variety of beautiful designs. May be erected with wood or iron posts.
Write for catalog. If you need Farm Gateo, write lor Special Farm Gate Catalog.
REPUBLIC FENCE 4 GATE CO., 211 jijepublic St., N. Chicago, III-
;/.v
This Hay Loader Side Delivery Rake
Will Save Your Dollars, Your Time and Your Hay
THIS is an age of specialization. The jack-of-all-trades is being outdistanced by the master.-of-one. We have been
specializing in hay tools for more than twenty-eight years. As a result Great Dain Line tools are superior, and most
favorably known. More of them are sold than of any other kind of hay tools. In judging farm tools, you consider three
things first of all: efficiency, durability and simplicity. These three fe-atures are cardinal points of the Great Dain Line.
You’ll find them prominent and effective in our Hay Loader and Side Delivery Rake.
Their efficiency is due to the application of correct mechanical principles by the inventor, Mr. Jos. Dain, and to painstaking construction. It gives you
the assurance of successfully finishing any job that you undertake with the aid of these tools. Their durability is the result of highest grade materials in connection
with construction features that eliminate unnecessary working strain. Their simplicity makes them easy to operate and dependable.
It takes courage to use costly materials in the face of cheap competition. Pretty paint can make an inferior machine look nice; but the high grade material,
careful workmanship and quality features built into Dain machines keep them in the field in splendid working condition, long after the cheaply made machine
has gone to the scrap heap. To build strong, substantial machines that will stand the wear and tear of hard use — season in and season
out — is a religion with us. Be on the safe side, select a hay tool made by hay tool specialists. When you sec the name Dain on a hay tool you take no
chances — our reputation of twenty-eight years experience is back of that name .
The Great Dain Hay Loader y The Great Dain Side Delivery Rake
requires no one on the load but the driver. It pushes
the hay well forward where it can be easily handled. No
return carrier to drag the hay back to the ground. By dyna¬
mometer test, this loader has proven to be the lighest draft
loader on the market. The ground is practically raked twice
by the Dain as it is geared so every revolution of the rake over¬
laps the one preceding. It’s the simplest loader made — no
long crooked crank shaft, no drum cylinder, no return carrier
or ropes to rot, no twisted chains, no cams, or superfluous
freak mechanism to get out of kclter and cause delay. Gently
removes hay from swath or windrow. Takes the hay from
the low places — passes gently over bumps and other obstruc¬
tions and reaches into every hollow. These are a few of the
reasons why there are more Dain Hay Loaders sold every
year than any ether kind.
Special Features of the Hay Loader
No long crooked crank shaft; is operated
by swinging- pitmans. Patented hinged board
at bottom fo turn up for windrow. Hinged
tongue for coupling with any height wagon.
Geared to insure greatest hay gathering
efficiency. Height of rakes can be regulated.
Hinged apron guides hay to load and pre¬
vents the wind blowing it off. Caster wheels
insure lightestdral't and make turning easy.
I,carn more about this Dain Loader and Side
Delivery liake — also about the Dain Vertical
Lift Mower — the seven styles of Stackers — the
live styles of Sweep ltakes and Dain Presses. All
Great Dain tools have features that unquestion¬
ably save hay growers time, labor and money. Con¬
sult the nearest Dain Dealer, also write us In what
hay tools you are interested, and receive full descrip¬
tion. together with a free copy ot " All About Hay”
the most interesting and practical book ever pub¬
lished about hay. Write today.
m
V'
No matter how heavy or how light the hay, this rake delivers if in
fluffy loose windrows where every wisp is exposed to
the air and quickly dried without sun scorching and
bleaching. Air cured hay is sweetest, has best color,
and brings the highest price. If your hay should he
rained upon, simply turn it over with this rake — it’s a rake
and tedder in one. Three sets of slowly revolving rake
teeth get all the hay and turn it into loose, continuous
windrows so gently that scarcely a leaf is broken off.
Cushion springs take up the jar when driving over rough
ground. This rake used in connection with the Dain
Loader, affords the quickest, best way of curing hay
and getting it out of the field.
Special Side Delivery Rake Features
Teeth move with gentle motion ;
harmless to tender products. Kakee
cleanly without gathering trash. Steel
construction throughout makes it
practically indestructible. All jars
absorbed by cushion springs. Easy reg¬
ulation of bevel gears. Easily adjusted
to handle light or heavy hay.
AIN MFG. CO.
802 Vine Street
OTTUMWA, - - IOWA ..„ _
1811.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
se3
VAN DEMAN’S NOTES.
Grapevines With Little Fruit.
C. B. II., German Valley, N. J. — We have
a number of grapevines in our garden, along
the outside edge, in good soil, which we
have manured well from year to year, and
last year we covered the ground around
the vines with a heavy mulch of leaves and
straw, thinking they would retain the mois¬
ture and perhaps do good, but we had no
grapes as usual. The vines grow well, look
well and need considerable pruning every
year, but give but little fruit and that not
very nice.
Ans. — Grapevines that are well
treated, as these seem to be, ought to
bear good crops. It is possible that
they are of some variety that has im¬
perfect flowers and may be barren or
not very productive. The Wilder ancj
some other kinds are of this character,
but the Concord and nearly all the com¬
mon varieties are perfect in flower and
bear well. Any unfruitful vines should
be grafted to better varieties. It may
be that mildew or black rot has blasted
the young fruit after it has set and if
so this can be prevented by spraying
with Bordeaux Mixture as soon as the
young fruit is formed and twice again
later in the growing season.
Fruits for Northeastern New York.
L. A. R., Plattsburgh, N. Y. — What are
the best kinds of dwarf and standard pears,
cherries, sweet and sour; also plums to set
In this locality, Northeastern New York?
We have about 25 standard pear trees,
Flemish Beauty, 30 years old or more, that
bear pretty well, if we get them sprayed
so as to have perfect fruit. I have lately
purchased this place where I lived as a
child. The orchard of four or five hundred
apple trees has been neglected and we are
trying to build it up.
Ans. — Among the best pears to plant
are the Bartlett, Seckel, Sheldon and
Lawrence. As dwarf trees the Louise
Bonne and Angouleme are very good.
Of the sweet cherries the Bing, Lam¬
bert, Napoleon and Schmidt are- those
I would plant, and the Richmond and
Montmorency of the sour kinds. The
Lombard, Grand Duke and Monarch
are among the best of the plums. To
build up the old apple orchard the trees
should have all dead wood cut out, the
feeble branches cut back severely, so
they will form new wood, and the
ground plowed and harrowed or other¬
wise stirred on the surface during the
Summer. All the fertility that can be
added in the way of farm manure will
help materially in the vigor of the trees
and their bearing ability. Any of the
nurseries advertising in this paper can
furnish good trees for planting.
English Walnut in Pennsylvania.
M. II. W., Spring City., Pa, — Wc have be¬
tween 300 and 400 seedlings that we raised
from the nut, here in Chester County, Penn¬
sylvania, of the so-called English walnut.
We planted the seeds from a tree which has
borne annual crops of about 15 bushels for
the last 20 years. The nuts are the equal
of anything I have ever bought on the mar¬
ket ; the shell is very thin, and the meat
very delicious. These trees have been set
In a nursery row for three years, having
been planted there from the seed row.
They have been well cultivated and are
now more than one inch in diameter, on
an average and perhaps five feet tall. Do
you think it would pay us to plant these
trees? We did grow them, indeed, for this
purpose, but we have read so many con¬
flicting reports about the advisability of
planting nuts here, that we scarcely know
what to do.
Ans. — Yes, I think it would pay to
plant out the seedling walnut trees men¬
tioned into permanent orchard form.
They are from a hardy and productive
parent tree and probably one that is
isolated and the bloom not subject to
crossing with other trees, which would
make the nuts quite thoroughbred and
the seedlings will probably be fairly true
to type. There will be variations of
course and it would be much better if
the trees were grafted, but a splendid
walnut orchard can be made from the
lot of seedlings. They are just the right
size to transplant. They should be
planted out at once and not nearer than
50 feet apart. Even 60 feet would be
none too far when they attain full size.
In the bearing walnut orchards of Cali¬
fornia I saw, when I was there last
Fall, the bad results of too-close plant¬
ing. The trees must have room for full
development. Most of these orchards
are of seedling trees and they pay well,
but would pay better if all were grafted
to the better varieties. On the shores
of Lake Chelan, in Washington, I saw
some fine young seedling walnut or¬
chards last Fall when in bearing.
There was considerable variation in
the style of trees, bearing, size of nuts
and other points and yet these orchards
were very valuable. Those who will
plant and care for the trees until they
come into bearing will be well repaid.
The ground between the trees can be
used for growing farm or garden crops
for several years. The trees deserve
the best land that can be found and will
richly pay for it in due time.
Pears in Michigan.
H. T., Sodus, Mich. — What is to be done
with a block of well-kept Kieffer pear trees
that do not bear? Experts tell me they
need cross-fertilization. I am informed
such sorts as Bartlett, Clapp, etc., will not
do well top-worked on the Kieffer stock.
Has anyone had experience in grafting Gar¬
ber or some other Oriental on the Kieffer?
Is the Rosney pear of any considerable com¬
mercial value? What are its merits and
faults?
Ans. — The Garber pear bloom is said
to pollinate that of the Kieffer, but I
have never tested it myself. These two
varieties will graft together very well,
both being of the Oriental type. Kief¬
fer is really in need of cross-pollina¬
tion with other varieties, and just what
ones are best suited for this use has
never been worked out thoroughly, so
far as I know. The Rosney may bloom
at the same time as the Kieffer, which
is quite early, and if so it is probable
that its pollen may be potent on the
stigmas of the latter, but the fruit is of
poor quality and would have only a
limited sale. h. e. van deman.
Hungarian Grass or Millet.
II. C. D., Connecticut.— I notice consid¬
erable about millet and very little about
Hungarian grass. Is not the latter as
good for feeding as the millet? Last year
I sowed them side by side on poor land
with a little fertilizer, and got a good crop
from the Hungarian, but the millet was so
short I could hardly cut it.
Ans. — On strong, fertile, moist soils,
where seeding can be done fairly early
in the Summer, the millet of the Jap¬
anese type will without doubt give a
much heavier yield per acre than Hun¬
garian, but where the seeding must be
done somewhat late in the season on
the soils, which are inclined to be dry
and are lacking in fertility, either the
Hungarian or the common millet will
be likely to give better results than the
larger growing Japanese millet or Ger¬
man millet. L. A. CLINTON.
Canada Thistles. — Perhaps my ex¬
perience with thistles may be of advan¬
tage to H. B. S., page 351. When I
came here I found, a patch of Canada
thistles several rods in extent growing
in a Timothy sod. They were cut with
a scythe once to prevent seeding and
the field plowed early in August and
left without harrowing to dry out. It
was then top-dressed with manure and
seeded to rye the fore part of Septem¬
ber. The rye made a vigorous growth,
and was plowed under and set to cab¬
bage in the Spring. The plowing and
drying weakened those roots. Harrow-
ing for rye a month later tore up what
had started. Then the rye choked and
smothered them until May, and when
turned upside down again they were so
thoroughly discouraged that I think not
more than a dozen little sickly plants
ever got their heads up. These were
nipped off as we hoed the cabbage. That
finished the job completely; for three
years now we have seen no sign of
them, and it all cost less than an hour’s
extra work. b. v. g.
Sharon, Pa.
When you write advertisers mention The
II. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
The One Great
Summer Underwear
Look for
this Label
when yon
buy
‘ Porosknit
REG. US.PAT.OFF.
Li. This Label on Every Garment
ELASTIC, soft, absorbent, perfect in
fit, firmly sewed, durable, best
trimmings. Always cool, because the
fabric is open. Very durable and easily
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The biggest underwear value, but sold at a
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only way you know you are getting "Porosknit1’
is by the label on every garment.
MEN’S Any Style BOYS’
SOc Shirts and Drawers 25c
Men’s Union Suits, $1.00
Boys’ Union Suits, .50
Write for Illustrated Catalogue showing all styles
CHALMERS KNITTING CO.
179 Washington Street, Amsterdam, New York
AFTER 29 YEARS
NOT RUSTED YET
This picture shows a few “ M I F Co ”
shingle nails that have been in service for
29 years.
During all this time these nails have been in
use on a shingle roof less than one mile from
the seashore on Mr. M. P. Harding’s store at
Branford, Ct.
These shingle nails have been exposed to
salt air, to rain and frost and snow, till the
wooden shingles have become badly rotted.
But not one of these heavy zinc coated nails
rusted. Not one broke off, or lost its grip on
the weather-boarding beneath uutil pulled out
by force.
That most of these nails were bent in draw¬
ing, proves that “ MIFCo ” nails do not
rust and enlarge the nail hole, that frost cannot
lift them, that they outlast the toughest wood.
We have other owners’ stories just as con-
vincingas Mr. Harding’s. We have “MIFCo”
nails from more than 20 other roofs almost
as old as these illustrated.
Farmers, architects and builders will agree
that such nails will insure the long life of
roofs, fences and all outdoor work. It is
economy to use them.
If your dealer isn’t supplied with “MIFCo”
heavy zinc coated nails write us for booklet
and your nearest dealer’s name.
MALLEABLE IRON FITTINGS CO., Branford, Ct.
FUMA
99 kill* Prairie Dogs,
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“The wheels of the gods
grind slow but exceed¬
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e;\nth “ Fuma Carbon Bisulphide ”a£ &£
KDWAllD It. TAYLOll, Penn Tan, N. Y.
Write Today
We want every farmer in the land to have
our attractive Free Booklet on hay loaders.
It’s full of interesting facts and illustrations.
It shows plainly why the simple, light run¬
ning “GEARLESS” Hay Loader is the cheap¬
est to buy, the easiest to operate, the most
durable and altogether the most satisfactory
loader for heavy hay, windrows, light hay,
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o 64
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
MAKING A CEMENT PIPE.
A. T. G., Erin, N. Y. — I would like ad¬
vice regarding building a cement pipe to
conduct water from spring to building,
there being a fall of at least one foot to
the rod. The method proposed is to dig
a ditch with a trough about five inches
square in bottom ; then fill trough with
cement a few feet at a time, using a rub¬
ber hose five or six feet long in center of
cement to keep hole open, and drawing
hose forward' as cement hardened and
work progressed. Will the cement stick to
hose to bother about drawing forward?
Ans. — I have had no personal experi¬
ence in this kind of work, but have read
accounts of cement pipes being con¬
structed sucessfully along those same
lines, a rubber hose being used to keep
the hole open, but if I were to build one
I would try a piece of galvanized pipe,
instead of the rubber hose, if I had a
straight line to work in. I would have
the hole threaded at one end and a short
rod about eight inches long screwed in.
The handle, I will call it, should be
bent up squarely; then when you wished
to move it you could take hold of the
handle, work the pipe back and forth a
few times, which would loosen it up so
that it could be drawn along readily and
would insure a perfect hole through,
while a rubber hose would have to be
pulled out regardless of consequences.
w. A. B.
CHEMICAL FERTILIZER FOR PASTURE,
In England they have a popular way of
testing chemicals for improving a pasture.
The plan is to divide a field in two parts.
On one part they use a combination of
chemicals, while they leave the other part
alone. They then turn an equal number of
cows as nearly matched as possible into
each side of the field. These cows are
handled and fed grain as nearly alike as
possible, and a close record is kept of their
milk. In order to make the experiment fair
the cows are transferred back and forth
from one side of the pasture to the other.
Any gain of milk under this arrangement is
credited to the chemicals, on the theory
that they produce more grass and thus
make more food for the cattle. This seems
like a fair proposition, and it ought to be
tried more in this country. Two years ago
an experiment of this kind was tried at the
Midland College in England. A field was
divided in two parts. On one side a mix¬
ture of chemicals consisting of 400 pounds
of acid phosphate, and 150 pounds of sul¬
phate of potash was scattered over the
grass. Nothing was put on the other side
of the pasture. It was found that the first
year each fertilized acre gained an increase
of 84 gallons of milk as a result of this
fertilizing, and the next year the gain was
86 gallons. This made a profit over the
cost of the fertilizer during the two years
of $14. A similar experiment was started
last year ; 500 pounds of the mixture de¬
scribed above was used on an acre. As the
result of this fertilizing, the total gain for
12 weeks was about 65 gallons of milk,
which gave a good profit. The gain is likely
to continue for two years mox-e. In that
country phosphoric acid and potash alone
would probably be sufficient to build up the
pastures. On most American pastures, how¬
ever, the soil is drier, and has not been so
well kept up. It would be necessary there¬
fore in most cases, to add some form of
nitrogen. A small quantity of nitrate of
soda added to the phosphate and potash
would without doubt greatly improve the
pasture. We would like to see our Ameri¬
can experiment stations conduct this kind of
an experiment in a dozen different parts of
the dairy section of New York State.
SELLING THOSE OKLAHOMA PEACHES.
On page 432 a reader in Oklahoma asked
for advice in disposing of a crop of canned
peaches. You might think this would stump
our people, but nearly a dozen of them
have come in to help. Here are two sug¬
gestions from the Far West :
Would Sell Good Dried Peaches.
I am inclosing portion of a label of a
can of California peaches. The peaches in
these cans are as large or larger than those
shown on the label, are very uniform and
extra flavor for California fruit. We pay
20 cents apiece for these cans of peaches
here at retail. I see no reason why grow¬
ers should destroy orchards at that price.
I remember 35 or 40 years -ago in New
England we used to be able to buy what
were called evaporated peaches. They were
ripe (but not soft) peaches, peeled, sliced
and evaporated. Some of them, of course,
were treated with sulphur to make them
white, but even that could not destroy all
the good taste. A pound would make a
number of pies that were hard to beat. I
have not seen for the last 20 years any¬
thing in the line of dried or evaporated
■peaches but the California kind, which are
merely green peaches halved and the hide
and wool left on. For my part I would
rather have no peaches at all than to buy
them, but could I get Eastern peaches
evaporated without the use of sulphur and
retaining the Eastern peach flavor, I should
keep a supply on hand at all times, and
if I owned a 20-acre Elberta peach orchard
in Arkansas or anywhere else east of the
Roey Mountains, I should put in an evap¬
orator, and sell woolless dried peaches
till the cows came home. Ah ! It makes
my mouth water as I write. J. n. p.
Newport, Wash.
Selling Fancy Stock.
If W. M. will put up a fancy pack
he need have no fear of not finding a
market for his peaches, and as a possible
solution to his problem I suggest that when
his orchard begins to bear he thin the fruit
on his trees, take at least half of the fruit
set off the trees. This will give him the
size and uniformity that is essential for a
fancy pack. When the fruit matures let it
ripen on the trees until it can be eaten
out of hand. As it begins to ripen go over
the orchard each day, picking all well
ripened fruit and pack it at once in stan¬
dard cans such as are used by the canning
establishments, putting full weight into
every can. Then label his cans with an
attractive trade-marked label, something
like this. “Talihina Farm Elberta Teaches;
packed direct from the orchard in heavy
cane sirup; by W. M. This can is guar¬
anteed to contain — pounds of fruit.”
When this crop has been packed, look about
for a convenient distributing point ; and
make a contract with a reliable commis¬
sion house to handle the goods. As soon
as he has made his selling arrangements
invest in some printers’ ink in his local
paper and in a paper at his distributing
point. As to the price ho should put upon
his goods, the cost will include growing the
crop, picking and packing, transportation
charges, to which must be added his per¬
centage of profit. W. M. must remem¬
ber that raw fruit cooked or sterilized in
the can will shrink, and that is why I
mention the fact that he must put full
weight in each can when he fills it. Also
that he must not expect to build up a trade
in a day ; that an honest pack with a trade-
marked label will in a very few years build
up a profitable business, and he must also
expect to have to carry more or less stock
until he gets a trade established. However,
I doubt not that he can find reliable com¬
mission men in Kansas City. St. Louis,
Chicago, and in fact in any of the large
cities, who will buy his goods at a profit¬
able price, or make him an advance on
his consignments, but it matters not how
he disposes of his goods, he must not be
afraid to advertise his wares. This applies
to the whole farming community if they
want their share of “the consumers’ dollar.”
Idaho. h. s. h.
EASTERN SHORE LANDS.
Mr. Barnhart recently had something to
say in regard to lands on the Eastern
Shore of Maryland. He. said that the chief
defect is the lack of grass. Now the lack
of grass is not because grass will not
grow there, but to the general neglect of
grass. The Maryland farmers are either
grain farmers in the upper counties or truck
farmers in the lower section. The grain
farmers practice a short rotation of crops,
and their sale crops are wheat and corn ;
their lands are kept up with clover mainly,
aided by applications of acid phosphate.
They are not to any great extent stock
farmers, though some attention is given to
all classes of live stock. In the grain
growing sections there are few parts of
the country where better crops of wheat
and corn are grown. But that grass will
grow well here is shown by an example I
can see from my windows here. This part
of the shore is largely devoted to truck
crops, such as early potatoes and sweet
potatoes, melons, cucumbers, etc., and large
quantities of New York stable manure have
been brought here for years past. Right
across the road from my house is a sandy
ridge, sandy down several feet before the
hard clay is reached. This land was for¬
merly used as a market garden, and was
manured and limed, but for years past it
has lain out, belonging to a real estate
opex-ator who sells lots for building pur¬
poses. This sandy ridge has sodded over
with Blue grass till there is a sod that
Kentucky cannot excel. The grass has sim¬
ply been allowed to grow uncut, and to¬
day it is difficult to walk through the
mass of last year’s grass. I was familiar
with this section in my boyhood, and it
was then thought that grass would not
grow in this sandy soil. Where the land
has been manured and used for truck
crops if it is left lie out it sods over
soon with Blue grass. In the upper grain¬
growing counties where the land is natur¬
ally better and more suited to grass, the
best of gi’ass can be gi-own if a longer ro¬
tation was practiced, but whether it would
be wiser or not I cannot say. Grain grow¬
ing with a short rotation has been success¬
ful, and the crops have impx-oved year after
year, and with plenty of legumes in the
shape of cow peas and Crimson clover we
do not need grass. Then as to the value
of land. One would have to go ’way back
in the back woods to find any ten-dollar
land on the Eastern Shore. Right around
Salisbury it is up in the hundreds per
acre, and four miles out a farm that my
mother and her sisters sold to their
brother many years ago for $6 an acre, or
$2400 for the farm, was sold recently for
$14,000, and sold to a man who already
owns land that he would not take $400 an
acre for, which in my remembrance could
have been bought for $10 or less. With
abundant transportation by water and rail
to the lai-ge cities the day of low land
prices on the Eastern Shore is past.
w. F. MASSEY.
Spray Mixture and Cattle. — Will a
spray of Bordeaux and arsenate of lead, or
other sprays with arsenic, be dangerous for
cattle grazing under ti'ees which have been
sprayed? The orchard is used as a pasture.
1 use two pounds of the arsenate for 50
gallons. p. F. B.
Northport, L. I.
We should not hesitate to pastui’e stock
in such a sprayed orchard, after letting it
stand two or three days after spraying.
The gi-ass would not be dangerous if you use
reasonable care. There ai-e some imports of
ti'ouble where orchards were spi’ayed when
the grass was high and where hay was
made from the grass. In these cases the
spraying was so heavy that it dripped
upon the grass and there was no rain to
wash it off. Hay wetted in this way will
be more dangerous than grass.
French Fried Potatoes. — Many of our
readers have heard of “French fried pota¬
toes,” which are tubers cut into oblong
cubes and fried in fat. The restaurant
keepers prefer for this purpose what they
call “soggy” potatoes, that is, those which
do not crumble up or become mealy in
cooking. In France these potatoes are sold
everywhere. Little stoves or cookers are
located on the streets and the potatoes are
cooked and sold l'apidly. The device con¬
sists of a small stove or brazier with char¬
coal for fuel. Over this is placed an iron
kettle containing boiling fat. Raw pota¬
toes after being pared are cut in pieces
and put into this boiling fat, where they
are thoi'oughly cooked, then taken out and
salted and sold in small paper bags. In
France these take the place of the popcorn
or peanuts largely sold in American cities.
The potatoes provide a good food ; as they
are served hot they are very palatable.
Thousands of bushels of potatoes are
worked off in this way, and in France
the trade is growing rapidly and driving
out the sales of other so-called foods.
This picture from an actual photo shows
Louden Balance Grapple Fork
lilting a third of a ton of dry clover hay.
How’s that for a winner?
There isn’t another fork in the world
in its class. It’s the only one that can
handle clover, alfalfa and threshed straw as success¬
fully as timothy. No dribbling or scattering, with
long stuff or short, large load or small.
LoucJen’s oara™lcI Fork
has a patented arch support that gives perfect bal¬
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heavy malleable connections. Will lift hall a Ion
without bend or break.
Get the Louden, the best hay fork in the
world. Seeit at your dealer’s. If he hasn’t it don’t
run chances with any other — write us direct.
Get our complete Free Catalog of Louden Barn
Tools, F eed and Litter Carriers, Flexible Bird Proof
Door Hangers, Hay Tools, etc. Also booklet “Some
Interesting Facts on a ^^Homcly Subject. Write
now.
601 Broadway,
Fairfield,
Iowa.
Louden
Machinery
Co.
WISHER STEEL HAND CART
Platform hangs low jridos level.
Will hold four 40-qt. milk cans.
Tips forward like warehouse
truck. Will turn clear over to
dump load. Fitted with large
body for farmers.
. . . Write for Prices . . .
WISNER MFG. CO.,
230 Greenwich St., New York
— 99_%o % Pure—
American Ingot Iron Roofting
Guaranteed For 30 Years
Without Painting
The Only Guaranteed Metal Roofing ever put on the
market. Samples free. Write for a free book showing
remarkable tests. A way out of your roof troubles.
THE AMERICAN IRON ROOFING CO., Dept. 0, ELTRIA, OHIO
We have been very busy with Spring
work, and at the present time (April 13)
are a mouth or more ahead of last year.
We have our grain all in and up ; early
garden planted and up, and our silage corn
ground covered with a fresh coat of manure
as well as about six inches of grass, when
along came something I never heard of or
saw in my 25 years here — a snowstorm,
April 10. It melted here as fast as it fell,
but on the bills they bad as high as six
inches. Much of the early fruit was in
bloom or nearly so, and I fear that the
last few frosty nights will do some damage.
Sherwood, Ore. c. h. h.
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them are without
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of them speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
stating what you will pay, whether the work is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. & I. A. S., 174 Second Avenue. NEW YORK CITY
We are having a beautiful Spring for
fruit buds ; keeps very cold so that they
have not started any * to speak of, do not
show gi-een yet ; that is, apples do not.
Prospects are for a good crop of all kinds
of fruit. No plowing to speak of lias been
done and very little sowing done, but if
we get better weather this week there will
be a lot done, as the ground is in good
shape to work. Onion growers are about
ready to sow, and the average will be
about normal. A great deal more celery
will be planted than ever before if the
plants are plenty. w. p. r.
Wayne Co., New York.
Do Your
Buildings
Need Paint?
Examine your buildings and see if they
need painting now. If they do, don’t put
the work off because you believe linseed
oil will drop in price. There is no hope
of it. Besides, the price of paint made-
to-order of
“Dutch Boy Painter”
White Lead and pure linseed oil is lower than
you may think, if you have not actually figured it.
Get prices from your dealer on the ingredients
of this old-fashioned, long-wearing, pure white
lead paint. You will find it cheaper than any
other paint you’d think of using.
Write for our free "Painting Helps No. 1608
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
An office in each of the following cities:
lIT New York Cleveland Chicago
III: St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
(John T. Lewis & Bros. Co.,
Philadelphia)
(National Lead and Oil Co..
Pittsburgh)
FINE NEW YORK STATE FARM FOR SALE
For a quick sale'I am offering my farm at a bargain.
530 acres seven miles from heart of Syracuse, N. Y.,
outlie Utica-Syracuse trolley line, also the trunk
line of State road east and west through the
county. Buildings all in best of condition, many
of them new. Price, $30,000.00. For furtlior par¬
ticulars address:
M. CROUSE KL0CK, 200 W. Water Street, Syracuse, N. Y.
I?OR SALE — Two N. J, Farms— 116 and 54 acres.
A Near R.R, station, school, etc.: both watered by
springs and creek. Jos. R. Case, Everittstown, N. J.
I Want 100 to 200 Acres SSSj
buildings in good repair. NAT. L. ROWE, Union City, Mich.
WANTED— GENERAL STOCK AND GRAIN FARM-200 or 300
** acres, in Orange County, New York. Send
description, R. It. folder, price and terms first
letter, C. D. BARCLAY, Jefferson, Iowa.
A Pfilll TRY PI ANT having breeding pen and
m i uui.Mii i t-nil l necessary equipment to
produce 1,500 pullets for Fall laying — 600 chicks
already hatched — wants a man to put in some
capital to increase business and take an active work¬
ing part in the management. Farm within 35 miles
of New York City. Address Box A. H. A., The
Rural New-Yorker.
FLORIDA. CROWING
ORANGES,
GRAPEFRUIT AND
VEGETABLES.
Highest prices secured in
Northern and b astern Mar¬
kets. Quick transportation
— low freight rates via. S.
A. L. Ry. Cheap lands
— ideal climate — two and
three crops a year — $500 to
$ 1 500 net per acre. Peo¬
ple who locate here are satis¬
fied. Write for free illus¬
trated booklet. Address :
J. W. WHITE.
GEN’L INDUSTRIAL AGENV,
SEABOARD AIR LINE RY.
DIPT, A NORFOLK. VA.
1911.
THE RURAIi NKW-YORKRR
660
THOSE BARREN QUINCE TREES.
I see J. G. U., Buffalo, N. Y., is ask¬
ing about what to do for a quince tree
that bears no fruit. Tell him to put a
pint of salt close around the tree on
the top of ground, then in a month cr
so some again. You cannot kill a quince
tree with salt. I have tried this for
years and have told others. Nor can
you hurt asparagus with salt ; we put
the salt and brine off fish on ours.
Belmont Co., O. 11. b. f.
If J. G. U., of Buffalo, N. Y., will
throw some old iron under his quince
trees he may get some fruit to hold on.
I have two trees 10 years old that, did
the same as his ; a neighbor told me
about the iron and I did it with good
results the past two years. g.- w. u.
Mullica Hill, N. J.
When Crimson Clover Fails.
E. N. O., Knox, Pa. — I planted two acres
of corn and one acre of potatoes last year
on fairly good ground ; after working the
corn la^t time sowed 50 pounds Crimson
clover. It grew to about seven or eight
Inches high before Winter set in. I had
what I call a good catch. The way it looks
now I am afraid it will be killed off before
It quits freezing. I Intend to sow Alfalfa
on the whole piece about the last of July;
will sow Canada field peas on the potato
ground as soon as ground is in shape to
plow. I had intended to plow Crimson
clover and field peas under about first of
July, but the way clover looks I think I
would better plow Crimson clover under and
sow it all to field peas. Would you advise?
I wish to have the ground in as good shape
as I can for the Alfalfa. I intend to put
a ton or more of burnt lime to the acre
before sowing the Alfalfa, and also inocu¬
late.
Ans. — With us in north New Jersey
Crimson clover fails to make a good
stand about three times in seven. We
have known it to reach the middle of
April apparently about three-quarters
killed out and make such a growth in
May that it nearly covered the ground.
We have none at all this Spring, as last
Summer was too dry for seeding. Our
fields are covered with rye. The chances
are that your clover will fail, though it
has made enough growth to more than
pay for seed and labor. We should
plow it and sow Canada peas. Put them
under in July, put on the lime and har¬
row and harrow and still harrow for
the Alfalfa.
i Stable Manure Compared with Fertilizer.
W. E. T., New Paltz , N. Y. — I am sending
the formula for the artificial fertilizer to
be compared with city manure. After ' de¬
ducting the 28 pounds of nitrogen, phos¬
phoric acid and potash, does not the re¬
maining 1,972 pounds in the ton of manure
have any value? I had supposed it helped
largely in furnishing the much needed
humus, and also assisted in retaining the
condition called friable. Am I mistaken?
In hauling the manure, does one draw so
large a per cent of useless matter? Nitro¬
gen. 1.65 per cent; ammonia, 2 per cent:
available phosphoric acid, 8 per cent ; total
phosphoric acid, 10 per cent; potash, 10
per cent.
Ans. — A ton of average manure will
contain about 1400 pounds of water and
540 pounds of organic matter. This
latter certainly has a value, for it pro¬
vides needed humus in the soil. You
could, of course, provide this humus
by plowing under a crop of clover, vetch
or rye, or even a grass sod. The organic
matter in the manure is superior for
this purpose because it is partly de¬
cayed and also because it contains bac¬
teria which acts to destroy other forms
of vegetable matter. It is not fair,
therefore, to compare manure and
fertilizer on the single basis of the plant
food which they contain, for the
fertilizer does not add any humus. A
comparison of the manure and the
fertilizer named above will show the
following in one ton :
Phosphoric
Nitrogen. Acid. Potash.
Manure . 10 6 12
Fertilizer . 33 160 200
Thus you will see that 3R2 tons of
the manure will give you the nitrogen
guaranteed in a ton of the fertilizer,
while over 36 tons and nearly 17 tons
would be needed to furnish the
phosphoric acid and potash. Therefore,
if your soil was specially in need of
phosphoric acid, it would not pay to
depend on manure alone, as it would
cost too much. But acid phosphate con¬
tains 14 per cent, of available phosphoric,
while muriate of potash is 50 per cent,
potash. If, therefore, you used five
tons of manure, 900 pounds of acid
phosphate and 350 pounds muriate of
potash, you will have more plant food
than is in a ton of the fertilizer, be¬
sides having a good supply of organic
matter in addition.
THE CULTURE OF HOLLY.
Will you give information on hollies
(Ilex) ? Growing of seeds, cultivation of
seedlings and proper methods of grafting
with berry-bearing scions ; seedlings are only
10 per cent berry bearing. This is an ideal
climate for the holly, and many of us are
interested in the plant. F. a. d.
Centralia, Wash.
The holly is propagated from seed and
cuttings. One time, while standing and
looking at a wonderful holly hedge, in Vic¬
toria, I was accosted by an elderly English
gardener, who inquired why I was so much
interested. Then I engaged him in conver¬
sation, and elicited much valuable informa¬
tion on holly growing. lie told me that
many of the old people of that city, once
in the employ of Britain, had better cash
incomes from holly trees on their lawns,
than ever marked the payrolls of their most
prosperous days. Ilolly berries are collected
in late Autumn or Winter, and planted in
boxes or beds, before they get dry and hard.
In that condition they are easy to germi¬
nate, and very few fail to give nice young
plants. It is sometimes customary for
growers to make small outdoor boxes or
beds, using sandy soil, keeping them moist
and covered with evergreen boughs, or
gunny-sacks, until the plants are well
started. Seed costs about 10 cents an
ounce or $1 per pound. It can be bought
from nurserymen and seed dealers, or or¬
dered from those making a specialty of
tree and ornamental seeds. Cuttings are
easily put in the ground, either in boxes or
beds in the garden. They form roots about
the same as similar plants, and are ready
for transplanting after the first year/ The
selling value of a plant is determined by the
foot measure. Those reaching one foot or
less are sold for $1 or less, in proportion to
size, riants up to four feet in height, are
sold at $1 a foot. After the four-foot size
had been attained the plants are worth
much more, because the branches can be cut
and marketed. One feature about the holly
tree is its tendency to thrive on poor soil. I
have noticed apparently strong and vigorous
growing trees stand on rocky, gravelly and
worthless soils, defying the surrounding
warped and knotty specimens of deciduous
fruits, striving to exist under such unfavor¬
able conditions. The holly does not suf¬
fer from having its branches trimmed ; on
the contrary that seems to be a benefit,
and the cuttings are worth from 25 to 60
cents a pound at the florists. Hollies pay
in proportion to the number of red berries
on the cut branches, and the shade, of green
in the leaves. Berry-bearing trees can be
obtained by grafting, which is the same as
for any similar trees, and the color in the
foliage varies with surroundings. For in¬
stance the hollies grown in a city or near
manufacturing plants, do not have that
bright green in the leaves, because of col¬
lecting dust, coal smoke and blackness from
the atmosphere. They should be away from
dust and smoke. The holly is sometimes
advertised as a wonderful plant for the far¬
mer to grow, to bring immense riches in a
short time. It Is called Ilex and presented
to the prospective buyer as a genuine get-
rich-quick scheme. The advertisers certain¬
ly have no object except selling of inferior
seed of doubtful origin for high prices,
for the holly is not a farm crop, to be
grown as corn or potatoes. It is a tree,
requiring proper attention in propagation
and pruning, and its value depends on the
demand for more trees and prices offered
for holiday decorations.
Washington. joel shomaker.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
A WIDOW’S LUCK.
Quit tlie Tiling: That Was Slowly In¬
juring Her.
A woman tells how coffee kept her
from insuring her life:
“I suffered for many years chiefly
from trouble with my heart, with severe
nervous headaches and neuralgia ; but
although incapacitated at times for my
housework, I did not realize the gravity
of my condition till I was rejected foi
life insurance, because, the examining
physician said, my heart was so bad he
could not pass me.
“This distressed me very much, as 1
was a widow and had a child dependent
upon me. It was to protect her future
that I wanted to insure my life.
“Fortunately for me, I happened to
read an advertisement containing a tes¬
timonial from a man who had been af¬
fected in the same way that I was with
heart trouble, and who was benefited by
leaving off coffee and using Postum. I
grasped at the hope this held out, and
made the change at once.
“My health began to improve imme¬
diately. The headaches and neuralgia
disappeared, I gained in flesh, and my
appetite came back to me. Greatest of
all, my heart was strengthened from the
beginning, and soon all the distressing
symptoms passed away. No more wak¬
ing up in the night with my heart trying
to fly out of my mouth !
"Then I again made application for
life insurance, and had no trouble in
passing the medical examination.
“It was seven years ago that I began
to use Postum and I am using it still,
and shall continue to do so, as I find it
a guarantee of good health." Name given
by Postum Company, Battle Creek, Mich.
“There’s a reason."
Read the big little book, “The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs.
Ever read the above letter? A new one
appears from time to time. They are genu¬
ine, true, and full of human interest.
1FvJ5rezr S*
Don’t go to the well — be up to date and
pump the water to your house and barn.
Goulds Reliable Pumps
bring to the farm one real
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where it is needed. From
our complete line we can
meet any requirement from
the cistern pump to the large
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hydraulic rams, pneu¬
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o
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The name Goulds on
every one marks the genu¬
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until you have read our
free booklet —
Water Supply for the Home."
We want you to select the pump best adapted to your conditions.
This book is a mine of valuable information on the subject. Send for it.
58 W. Fall Street
Seneca Falls, N. Y.
The Goulds Mfg. Company,
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
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ALPHA
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA,
never
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without cutting them— just enough adjustment to meet|
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56©
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER
May 6,
Hope Farm Notes
Schools. — In writing of life in Florida
I spoke of the lack of white school chil¬
dren. At the place where our folks win¬
tered there were not enough white young-
f ters to maintain a public school. The
house has been abandoned. Our people
opened a school and maintained it through
the Winter. The pictures on page 559
show the school population at this place.
There are two or three other white chil¬
dren, but this is a fair picture of the young
crop. There were several other colored
children not shown in the picture. The
colored teacher was an intelligent woman
who evidently gave her children a fair
drill in the rudiments. It is to me a
strange thought that in this far Southern
State colored children receive a fair public
education, while the whites are denied this
and must pay for what their children re¬
ceive. As I have frequently stated, our
own children have been educated at home.
There has always been a large group of
children here — large enough for a little
school. Mother is an old school teacher
and has supervised the education of our
young folks from the first. I pay my
school taxes with more or less cheerfulness,
but I am glad the children have escaped
some of the fads and experiments which
people tell me are practiced on their chil¬
dren. I would rather not have a child
used as an experiment station to test the¬
ories of education.
The Cow. — When our folks went South
last Fall I sold the last of our cattle.
When the family returned there was a
great cry for milk. Remembering my ex¬
perience with the Florida cow I went to
the most reliable place I could think of
and got a good one. She is tuberculin
tested, gentle and kind — all that a family
cow ought to be. No. I did not lead her
home in the dark — this one was brought in
a big, low-down wagon. She is a high-
grade Guernsey. No. I will not match
her against Missy of the Glen to give nine
per cent milk, but you can come and milk
her and test the milk any time you doubt
her record. She reached the farm April
10 and started that night with 10 pounds
of milk. In the first week she gave 158
pounds. It will test I think something
over 4% per cent fat. We expect to push
her yield up considerably above what she
started with, and I feel like comparing her
income with some of those hen records. At
any rate, we shall keep a year’s record of
her milk. Now it comes to figuring values.
Before we got this cow we bought milk for
a few days, paying eight cents a quart or
four cents per pound. That is wbat we
should have to pay if we continued buying.
Now 25 pounds a day at four cents is
$1.00. You can’t get away from that.
With 16 people — five of them young chil¬
dren, all fond of milk — there will be
scarcely a drop left out of 25 pounds !
Nothing could be better for these little ones
than this clean, rich and pure milk. IIow
they do enjoy it with oatmeal and wheat !
My cow is earning a dollar a day for me
right now. I could not supply such milk
for less than that, nor do I think we could
get the food equivalent for the children for
less money. Am I not therefore justified in
crediting this cow’s milk at four cents a
pound? If not will some one tell me why?
What would they have me do — weigh the
children and charge up a fair price for each
pound gained? I know there are men back
among the hills making just as good milk as
this at one cent or less per pound. It is
a shame and disgrace to society that this
is so, yet, should I credit my cow with
their wholesale price when I am obliged to
buy at retail? I shall try to match those
hens, and I want a fair discussion of the
question of price.
Farm Work. — I am sorry to say it, but
the week has not been great with accom¬
plishment. The weather is still wet and
cold, and it is impossible to work the land
properly. We spread the seed oats on the
barn floor, wet them with a solution of
formalin and thus cured the smut, but it
was impossible to sow them. The ground
would have packed around them like a
brick if we had worked it. We did get
some Alaska and Nott’s Excelsior peas in,
but they are not sprouting. We can plow
around the trees, pick up stones, spread
fertilizer and plant strawberries — and that
is about the limit. I have told about those
potted strawberry plants that were left
out all Winter. We put out some 600 of
them, and they seem likely to do well.
Next week I will show one of them — it is
a new thing to me. The stakes are all set
for the trees — which are expected every
day. By April 25 not a tint of pink was
to be seen on the peach buds. Last year
at this date they were fully in flower. This
delay suits us exactly. Our older trees
are loaded with buds, and if they can be
held back a little longer we shall feel quite
sure of our crop. This bad weather has
enabled us to dispose of the coal ashes
and hen manure. Both wont around the
trees. Some of the manure was a little
damp and chunky. We drove by the tree,
dug several holes with spade or hoe, scat¬
tered in a quantity of manure and covered
up. Then the coal ashes were scattered
around the tree in a wide circle. They
make a good mulch and kill out weeds and
grass. Where you are crowding things
with, fruit and garden it is a good plan t»
put all weeds in baskets, dump around the
trees and put coal ashes on top. The
weeds decay without growing or seeding
and the ashes hold them down. While
there is practically no plant food in coal
ashes I would save every pound to put
around the trees. . . The Hope Farm
family slowly settled into steady habits,
and they are now running smoothly. When
folks come from the South they bring the
chicken-eating habit, and young and old
cast expectant eyes at our young Brahma
roosters. These great birds were unsold,
and were about as useless as any farm
citizen could be. So they were doomed to
slaughter. Another useless citizen was a
Plymouth Bock rooster caught eating eggs.
This Rock and one of the Brahmas turned
up brown and steaming for Sunday dinner.
They filled the oven and filled the family.
The Brahma outweighed the Rock, and
beat him out of sight for roasting quality.
He ran a small turkey a close race for
size and quality. I know how people smile
when yon talk about Light Brahmas, but
one thing is sure, when you kill one you
have something to eat. I think I could
have converted the most confirmed Leghorn
or “Red" crank that day with a slice of
white meat. Our folks were already con¬
verted — they gnawed the bones.
h. w. C.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal." See guarantee editorial page.
SAVED THE HOME.
Glory to God Joy the Rural New-Yorker.
That is the way one of our readers ends
his letter. The reason for this fervent
ejaculation is found in the following :
“Every adult should take The R. N.-Y.,
for I am positive I saved my home here,
which is worth not less than $3750, for I
came very near selling my farm to settle in
Florida, but those letters of the Hope Farm
man stirred me to contentment and to stay
where I am with my aged and good wife,
myself being an old soldier 70 years of age.
From the letters I had received from Flor¬
ida, the places I need not mention, made me
just wild to sell out and go for a Florida
home, but am completely satisfied to remain
at home as the result of those letters.”
c. f. w.
I can put myself right in that man’s
place. One of those land sharks got after
him and pictured Florida in glowing terms.
I have heard them tell it. They have the
State a new and gilt-edged edition of Para¬
dise, where old men recover their strength
and young men become giants. Just enough
of what they say is true so that you cannot
prove them total liars. They multiply pos¬
sibilities by 100 and make them seem like
facts. I know just how this plausible guff
sounded to our friend of 70 years. Why,
these wTord songbirds could call a man away
from his home and send him chasing after
the air spirits like the characters in Shakes¬
peare’s “Tempest.” Going to Florida with
such hopes as these fellows were putting at
him would have ruined this man. He would
have lost his home and found himself
stranded in a strange place, loaded up with
useless property and unable to make his
land available or profitable. We have tried
to tell the truth about one part of Florida
at least. As a Winter home the State offers
real attractions. In some parts of it a man
with good judgment and fair capital can
make a living. There you have pretty much
all there is to it for the average immigrant.
He who is led to expect more is doomed to
bitter disappointment. The wicked schemes
which the land boomers work to attract
suckers ought to be stopped by the govern¬
ment. The papers which share the graft by
advertising these fakes and endorsing them
are partners in the crime of drawing people
away from homes and leading them to dis¬
appointment. We are glad that The R.
N.-Y'. can help a little by giving the facts.
Florida’s Water Power.
I have read “Florida Notes” with much
interest and agree with most of it heartily,
but in No. 4 you state that no river in
Florida will provide water power. On the
Withlacoochee River a million-dollar power
plant has just been opened to furnish about
8,000 horse power. There was a fall of 18
to 20 feet. There is also a plant on the
Hillsboro River furnishing power for Tampa.
There are a number of rivers in the State
that will furnish power, but the trouble is
mostly that banks are low and much land
flooded in making a dam. This is my first
Winter in Florida since the freeze in 1895.
I was here through the days of “yellow
fever” but never could see any safety in the
gamble on oranges. Alachua County is
raising the staples and the people are get¬
ting wise as well as rich. They send solid
trainloads of cucumbers, cabbages, etc.,
North, as well as raising much cotton
(Sea Island). f. l. small.
Judge the merits of Sea Green or ^
Purple Roofing Slate by any test of service
you please— it’s the best roofing obtainable.
Compare its imperishable qualities,
strength, handsome appearance or all ’round
satisfaction with any other material you
can think of — and you’ll agree that it would
still be the cheapest roofing you could buy
even if the first cost was many times
greater than what it Is.
For, while a well laid roof of
Sea r Green or Purple
Roofing Slate
will cost a trifle more in the beginning than
shingles, iron or felt, it will save you more in
money, repairs and anxiety from the day it is laid.
Besides this— a Sea Green or Purple Slate Roof
enhances the value of any building. It cannot
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tight; cannot decay, rust, retain snow, ice or im¬
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effected by climatic changes and is as enduring
as solid rock.
If you want the best roof that any amount of
money can buy— tell your roofer to use Sea Green
or Purple Slate.
“Roofs” the Booklet, Mailed Free
Tell us the name of your nearest Roofer and our lfi-page
Booklet 'ROOFS, ’ ’ Riving many valuable and helpful hints
on the selection of roofing materials, will be mailed FREE.
The American Sea Green Slate Co .
(Roofs That Never Wear Out)
110 dark Street, Granville, M. Y.
Save $8
Suit or
Overcoat
Direct
from Mill
Write for
FREE
Style Book
a =
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(Made -to -Order)
Worth
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You can wear clothes as stylish as can be
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We pay express charges East of Mississippi
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Our booh offers a wide variety of patterns
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GLEN ROCK WOOLEN CO.
20J Main Street Somerville, N. J.
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$192|
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BREEZE
Motor- Vehicle
BHBHSHnV
Special Agency Offer
To establish fifty new agencies we
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The Breeze is a reliable
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The Jewel Carriage Co.
Dept. I. Cincinnati, O.
THIS GARMENT IS GUARANTEED
To gift goad wear and perfect satisfaction
to thy consumer, \
SYRACUSE. N. Y.'
This Guarantee
Protects You
You will find it in the inside pocket
of every Woodhull, Goodale & Bull
coat. It means exactly what it says
If you huy a garment hearing this
label and it does not give you perfect
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he 11 make it right with you. We ll
make it right with him.
Why not he sure of the quality
and workmanship of your clothes?
Our beautiful FREE Style Book
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Summer Styles. Send for it.
WOODHULL. GOODALE & BULL
2G0 West Willow St. SYRACUSE. N. Y.
Baskets, Ladders and Growers’
Supplies.
A card brings our catalogue.
BACON & CO., Appleton, N. Y.
SAVE MONEY
An Underfeed Heater Will Reduce
Your Coal Bills From to
If you are among the thousands who have
been paying big money for unsatisfactory heat,
why not take out that old heating plant at once
and reduce your future coal bills from one-half to
fwo thirds , by installing one of
PECK- WILLIAMSON
UNDERFEED!™
Warm Air Furnaces-Hot Water or Steam Boilers
The UNDERFEED burns cheatest slack or pea and buck¬
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H. J. Heinzen, 301 Hazel Ave., Canton, Ohio, has
had an Underfeed five years. He says: “We have June
weather the year round. My coal bill to heat eight
rooms has never been more than $14 for the year.’*
Underfeed Furnace Booklet, with fac-simile testimonials or
Special Catalog of Steam, ana Water Boilers— both FREE,
Heating plans of our Engineering Corps are FREE. Fill in
and return coupon below today.
S^WILLlAMSOrco:
I would like to know' more about how to cut down the cost of
my coal bills from 50& to 66%%. Send me— FREE
_ (Indicate by X Book¬
let you iK-aira)
**46 W. Fifth St.
Cincinnati, O.
UNDERFEED ttSSt
Name - - -
Address _
.Name of your dealer.
WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID, $8.75
for 4 Buggy Wheels, Steel Tires. With Rubber Tires,
$18.45. Keruhbiug your wheels, $10.30. I manufacture
wheels % to 4 iu. tread. Buggy Tops, $6.50; Shafts, $2. 10.
Learn how to huy direot. Catalog free. Repair wheels,
$5.95. Wagon Umbrella Fekk. D . It BOOB. Cin’ti, 0<
Independent Buyer Spend One Cent For
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'TRADE MARK REGISTERED
— “And Gas
Stoves, Too”
Oven Thermom¬
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Baking Easy
Our Big Free Stove and Range Book gives you our
factory wholesale prices and explains all — saving you
35 to 840 on any famous Kalamazoo stove or lange.
including gas stoves. Sold only direct to homes.
Over 140,000 satisfied cus¬
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—30 Days’ Free Trial
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-CASH OR CREDIT
Write a postal for our book today — any responsible person can ’
have same credit as your home stores would give you— and you save
$5 to $40 cash. No belter stoves or ranges than the Kalamazoo could
be made — at any price Prove it, before we keep your money. Be
an independent buyer Send name for Free Catalogue No. 114.
Kalamazoo Stove Company, Mfrs., Kalamazoo, Michigan
SO DAYS FREE TRIAL .HHSi
prepaid to anyplace in the United States without a cent deposit in advance, and
allow ten days free trial from the day you receive it. If it does not suit you in
every way and is not all or more than we claim for it and a better bicycle than you can get
anywhere else regardless of price, or if for any reason whatever you do not wish to keep
ship it back to us at our expense for freight and you will 7iot be out one cent.
I hw FAPTflRY DRIlPfC We sell the highest grade bicycles direct from factory
” o I Ull I rniv&ii to rider at lower prices than any other house. We
save you #10 to $25 middlemen's profit on every bicycle. Highest grade models with
Puncture-Proof tires, Imported Roller chains, pedals, etc., at prices no higher than cheap
mail order bicycles; also reliable medium grade models at unheard of low prices.
D I FI CD APCIITC ftAIAAITCfl in each town anti district to ride and exhibit a sample
fllil Clt Mllklc I O Veil It I kll 1911 “Ranger” Bicycle fumishedby us. Von willfbe
astonished at the 'wonderfully lozu prices and the lil>eral propositions and special offer we will
give on the first 1911 sample going to your town. Write at once for our special offer.
DO NOT BUY a bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any price until you receive pur catalogue
and learn our low prices and liberal terms. BICYCLE DEALERS, you can sell our bicycles under
your own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received.
SECOND HAND BICYCLES— a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail Stores will
he closed out at once, at $3 to SB each. Descriptive bargain list mailed free.
TIDCC PH ACTED DDABfC rear wheels, inner tubes, lamps, cyclometers, parts, repairs
I IFikv) UUMw I kll DllMIVk and everything in the bicycle line at half usual prices.
PO NOT WAIT but write today for our Large Catalogue beautifully illustrated and containing a gTeat fund of
Interesting matter and useful information. It only costs a postal to get everything. Write it now.
MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept.ftSO, CHICAGO, ILL-
1911.
THE R UR. -A. I* NEW-YORKBS
567
Ruralisms
CORN.
What is the difference between “flint,”
“dent,” “sweet,” or “pop” corn?
Maize or Indian corn, known botani-
cally as Zea Mays, is one of the most
variable of all cultivated plants. Though
not known in the wild state, the natural
habitat is supposed to be Southern
Mexico, from whence it has spread
through ages of cultivation to all tem¬
perate and tropical countries of the earth.
In the Western Continent it is by far
the most important of all grains, and its
culture is steadily gaining throughout the
Old World and Australasia, wherever
conditions are at all adapted for its
growth. The number of varieties is in¬
finite, having been developed for a great
range of local conditions, but those of
interest to American growers fall natur¬
ally in the following classes:
1. Feint Corns — Zea Mays var. indura-
ta. — Generally quick growing; adapted to
culture near the Northern limits of the
genus; kernels with a hard or horny
endosperm, almost entirely enveloping
the central starchy portion. Does not
shrink or dent on drying. Colors of ker¬
nel white, yellow and red, blue or varie¬
gated. Somewhat dwarf in habit.
2. Dent Corns — Z. Mays. var. inden-
tata. — Generally strong-growing varieties
requiring greater warmth and a longer
season than the flints. Corneous or
horny portion of the endosperm extends
along the sides of the grains, while the
starchy portion fills the center and ex¬
tends to the summit. In drying this
floury portion shrinks more than the
horny parts, causing a dent at the sum-,
mit. Color of kernels chiefly white or
yellow but red and blue varieties exist.
3. Soft Corns — Z. Mays. var. amyla-
acea. — Kernals without horny endosperm
shrinking quite uniformly all over.
Mostly very light in color. Need a long,
warm season and in general are only
adapted for Southern culture. Indian
corns and varieties largely cultivated in
Mexico and South America are of this
type, which is of little importance in the
North. Brazilian flour corn is a fa¬
miliar example.
4. Sweet Sugar Corn — Z. Mays var.
saccharata. — Kernels almost wholly of
dense translucent horny endosperm,
containing some sugar and shrinking
irregularly on drying. Sweet corn grains
present a characteristic crinkled or
shrivelled appearance when cured. Our
well-known sugar corns for culinary
use in the green or immature state are
of this class.
5. Pop Corn — Z. Mays var. everta. —
Mostly dwarf-growing small-kerneled
varieties, having an excessive amount
of horny endosperm enclosing the softer
starchy portion inside. When strongly
heated they pop, producing a complete
eversion or turning inside out, caused
by the explosion of the contained mois¬
ture. “Endosperm” almost literally
means “inside of a seed” and is merely
a handy term for the nourishing ma¬
terial stored up for the use of the germ
when it begins to grow — the “albumen”
of the older botanical writers. In the
maize kernel this consists of starch and
oil — the carbohydrates — and the proteids
or nitrogenous materials together with
some crude fibre and extractive mat¬
ters. The carbohydrates greatly pre¬
dominate, the average of many analyses
being 72.50 per cent for dent corns and
72.20 for flint varieties. The album¬
inoids or proteids average 9.65 for dent
and 10.25 in the flint kinds. Both con¬
tain about 11 per cent of moisture at
average temperatures. Analyses of soft,
sweet and pop corns vary very slightly
from the above. Indeed maize of all
cereals is the least variable in chemi¬
cal composition, notwithstanding the
wide divergence in appearance of ker¬
nels of different strains and varieties.
This uniformity of composition is re¬
markable when the exceedingly diverse
conditions of climate and culture it ex¬
periences in different localities is taken
into account. As a rule the dent va¬
rieties are considered more easily mas¬
ticated and therefore more digestible
than the harder flint kinds, but there
the advantage ends. v.
[Shrubs Propagated From Cuttings.
A. U. Ballston Spa, N. Y. — 1. Can
Spiraea (bridal wreath), Hydrangeas, etc.,
be grown from cuttings the same as cur¬
rants? 2. Can currant slips be taken from
the bushes and started in the Spring as
well as in the Fall?
Ans. 1. The bridal wreath, Spiraea
prunifolia, can be grown very easily from
layers put down in the Spring. It is
also grown from green cuttings, made
in Summer, and handled in frames or
under a bell glass. The hardy Hydran¬
geas can be propagated from green cut¬
tings taken in June and grown under
grass. This also can be propagated by
layers of ripened wood, but the cuttings
are the more certain.
2. Currant cuttings can be taken in
Spring, while entirely dormant, and
planted directly in the ground, setting
them quite deep, but it is generally con¬
sidered that results are better when the
cuttings are taken in the Fall.
Treatment of Calla.
H. B. C., Somers , Conn. — Will you give
me information in regard to the calla?
What treatment should they receive? Do
they like lots of water, and also should the
bulbs be set away in a dark place to start
them? How should the calla be treated
during the Summer? What kind of ferti¬
lizer do they do best on?
Ans. — The calla lily, or arum lily, as
it is generally called abroad, Richardia
Africana, requires a season of complete
rest during the Summer. The plants
will grow through the entire year if per¬
mitted, making rank growth and few or
no flowers, but this is very undesirable.
In Spring, after flowering is over,
gradually withhold water until the leaves
begin to turn yellow; then lay the pots
on their side in some sheltered but not
necessarily dark place, and leave them
there until September. There is often a
place under a porch where the pots may
be laid undisturbed. The leaves die
down entirely. In September shake the
roots out of the dry soil, repot in rich
loam, with plenty of root room, and set
in a light place — if the weather is warm
they may stay on the porch for a time,
but if the temperature falls below 55°
at night they are better indoors. Water
carefully at first until they begin to
make growth ; when they are growing
actively they will enjoy liquid fertilizer,
being gross feeders. Either cow or
horse manure may be used for fertilizer.
They must never be allowed to dry out,
while in active growth, swamps being
their native home; they are not really
lilies, but aroids, like our wild jack-in-
the-pulpit. Under this system we have
found them very desirable house plants;
their necessities are Summer rest,
abundant food, water and root room,
light and warmth.
Black Spot and Mildew on Roses.
A. B. C., Summit Bridc/c, Del. — 1. Will
you toll me what I can use on rose bushes
to cure or to prevent the “dark spot?” If
you can give a preventive will you state
how often it should bo used and whether it
injures the buds or (lowers if used when
plants are about to bloom? 2. Is sulphur
the best known preventive of mildew, and
how often should it be used?
Ans. — 1. Some roses are naturally sub¬
ject to black spot and mildew as the
result of constitutional weakness or sus¬
ceptibility. American Beauty (Mme.
Ferdinand Jamin) is greatly troubled
in this way, and we have given it up as
a garden rose in our locality as a result,
though we have seen it doing well in
other places. Pick off and burn any
affected leaves, and do not let any dead
leaves lie on the ground. Spray with
Bordeaux mixture or ammoniacal car¬
bonate of copper before the leaves un¬
fold. The copper carbonate solution is
made by dissolving one ounce of copper
carbonate in ammonia, one pint to one
quart, according to amount needed for
dissolving it. Dilute this quantity with
nine gallons of water when wanted. The
concentrate may be kept until needed in
tightly-corked bottles. Do not use this
when plants are in full growth.
2. Mildew usually results from sudden
changes in temperature or from pro¬
longed damp and cloudy weather, but
some roses are extremely subject to at¬
tack, and we would prefer not to plant
them, as the disease spreads from them
to others. The lovely Baroness Roths¬
child mildews very badly with us ; so
does the old La France, and some years
Kaiserin Augusta Victoria is greatly dis¬
figured by it. The best remedy is
powdered sulphur dusted on while the
foliage is wet with dew, so it will stick;
renew the treatment when the sulphur
disappears if the disease is still apparent.
Lay Your Own Roofing
BUT lay the roofing that will
save you not only in cost of
laying but also in cost of repairs.
A Ready Roofing made by the
originators of the ready roofing
idea.
Paroid Roofing
is in use from one end of the
country to the other. It with¬
stands all climates and gives long
lasting service. A safeguard
against fire, a sure way to avoid
repair bills.
There are different NEponseT Roofings
for different types of buildings. NEpdnseT
Paroid Roofing is particularly adapted to
barns, stables, poultry buildings, etc.
NEponseT Proslate Roofing makes an
attractive roofing for your residence— a
protection against fire.
Write for Book of Plans of Farm
and Poultry Buildings
F. W. BIRD & SON, Est. 2795
Originators of Complete Ready Roofings
and Waterproof building Papers
131 Neponset Street East Walpole, Mate,
New York Chicago Washington Portland, Ore. San Francisco
Canadian Mills and OfficeB :
Hamilton, Ont., Winnipeg, Montreal, St. John
BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY
Potatoes, tomatoes, encumbers, cantaloupe,
small fruits, orchards, caD be sprayed, at
slight; comparative cost for protection against
blight, bugs, scale, etc., with an “IKON AGE’’
8FRAYEB. Also, actually increases the
yield. The machine is adjustable to various
width rows — solution thoroughly mixed—
delivered in a fine spray that covers the plant
—single or double acting pumps — three, four, six or seven
rows — one or two horses — 55 or 100 gallon steel or wood
tanks. Has orchard attachment and many others.
mum Farm and. Garden Tools
ore practical, effective, economical
They givo permanent satisfac¬
tion. We have been making . -
the dependable kind for 75 ,• 'jV,
years. Formulas for /.'A-V
solutions furnished on ^
application. Write for »$SpV
our 'free Anniversary 'E'’’:/
Catalog showing pota-
to machinery, horso hoes, cultivators and completo line T"
of garden drills, wheel hoes, orchard tools, etc.
BATEMAN M’F’G CO. Box 1029 Grenloch, N. J. I
Low-Down Steel Wheel Wagons
Are fast replacing the high farm wagons for
general farm work. The reason is plain. The
Low-Down wagon makes easier work for the
man and no harder for the team. One man
can do most of his farm work alone with the
Low-Down wagon. Get our free catalogue.
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.. BOX 17 HAVANA, ILL.
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
free. Grand Rapids Veterinary
College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
POTATO
.SPRAYERS
233 BusheSs
more per acre by
Spraying
That is what _
New York Exper.
iment Stati
reports as a
year average^
Gain by Spray r •
ing potatoes.
Don’t let
blight, scab,
rot, and
bugs CUt - -
your cron In half— but get a HURST Sprayer and
make all the Money you are really entitled to for
your work ont of your Potatoes or fruit. Spray
first, then if youbny, Pay Us out of the "Extra Pro-
fit.” These sprayers Spray Anything, potatoes,
orchards, vineyards, truck (4 to 6 rows at a time).
“Man-power and horse-power.” Powerful pres¬
sure. Easy on man and horse. Strong and
durable. Brass valyes, plunger, strainer, eto.
Guaranteed for 5 Years.
Shipped on Free Trial
without a cent in advance. No bank deposit.
no strings” to our trial offer. Wholesale prices.
We pay Freight.
W rite ns a letter or card
and tell us which mach¬
ine you are interested
in, and you’ll get free our
valuable Spraying Guide
—Catalog— and out-spec¬
ial Iree Offer to first in
each locality this season
Be llrst to write ns.
H. L. HURST MFG. CO.
28< NORTH IT.. CANTON, OHIO
JUG-
t in
ion. n
«...
IHIO E
S PR A Y LUlU/l **,e N.Y .State Fruit Growers’ Ass’n
arilHI IX WILD PAY YOU TO USE EITHER.
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS *ho AGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
FUNGICIDE andINSECTICIDE
- — > IISF ,
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
lCBAYVIEW AVE..JERSEY CITY, N.J.
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED!
SPRAY
fruits and .
FIELD CROPS '
and do whitewashing in most effectual, economical,
rapid waj. Batiifaotion guaranteed. BROWN’S
; power*1* Auto-Sprays
1 No. 1, shown here. Is fitted with Auto- 1* op Nratlo—
I WOt.V" ordinary sprmyers. Endora.d by El-
I perlment Stations and 300,000 othors. 40 stylos and
t f„?8 °‘ h*nd »"d P«»« sprayers— also prices
1 “ valuable spraying guide in our Frso Book.
Writ© postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
- 2 8 Jay at, Kochoster, N. X.
Save Money on
Berry Boxes and
Baskets
Fruit and Vege¬
table Packages
and Growers’ Supplies of all kinds.
NVrite for free money-saving catalogue
and price-list.
Largest F aetory|of its Kind in the Country.
UEW ALBANY BOX AND BASKET CO., Box 1 11. New Albany, Ind.
cost of buildings and recent improvements. Loca-
Dun: Chester County, Penna.; convenient to Phila¬
delphia. Situation ideal. No further expenditure
b0.0!.?,'*;,,,!.01' tl,ll particulars address: JOHN P.
SAUirER, Manager, Chester Springs, Penna.
44 Bushels to the Acre
is a henvy yield, but that’s what John Kennedy of
H . / i TYT r \ n t /“\ W A 1 L n n f 1 .. — — — . . T — . . i. C _ _
firovince showed other excol-
ont results— such as 4,000 bush¬
els of wheat from 120 acres, or
33M bushels per acre. 26, 30 and
40 bushel yields were numerous.
As high as 132 bushels of oats to
the acre were threshed Irom
Alberta fields.
THE SILVER CUP
at tho recent Spokane Fair was
awarded to the Alberta Government
for its exhibit of grains, grasses and vege¬
tables, Reports of excellent yields for 1910
come also from Saskatchewan and Manitoba
in Western Canada.
Free Homesteads of 160 acres,
and adjoining pre-emptions of 160
acres (at$3 per acre), are to be had
In the choicest districts.
Schools convenient, climate ex¬
cellent, soil of tho very best, rall-
wayscloseathand.bulldlnglumber
cheap, fuel easy to get and reason¬
able In price, water easily procured,
mixed farming a success.
Writ© as to host place for settlement, set¬
tlers’ low railway rates, pamphlet ‘‘Last Best
West” and other information, to Snpt. of Im-
mig., Ottawa, Can., ortoCan. Gov’tAgt. (54)
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent, 30 Syracuso
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuso, N. Y.
Look at the II. P.
Spramotor spraying an acre
of potatoes in fifteen min¬
utes. There are three noz¬
zles to a row and four rows,
two spraying from the sides
and one from the top. Ad¬
justable as to height and
width up to 40-inch rows.
Absolutely non-clogging noz¬
zles. 12-gallon air tank, au¬
tomatic and hand controlled.
125 lbs. pressure guaranteed
with 12 nozzles open. Has
agitator clean-out pressure
relief into tank, and nozzle
protector, all under control
of driver from seat. For one
or two horses. Fitted for
orchards, vineyards and
grain. Write for booklet.
E. H. HEARD. 1325 ERIE STREET BUFFALO, N. Y.
668
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
May 6,
The Rural New-Yorker
THE BUSINESS FARMER' S TAPER
A National Weekly Journal lor Country and Suburban Homes
Established isso
Published weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl St., New York
Herbert W. Colungwood, President and Editor.
John J. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Dii.lon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Hoyle, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.01, equal to 8s. 6d., or
X34 marks, or Vi'A francs. Remit in money order, express
order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for time orders.
References required for advertisers unknown to us ; and
cash must accompany transient orders.
“A SQUARE DEAL”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬
sible person. But to make doubly sure wc will make good any loss to paid
subscribers sustained by trusting nny deliberate swindler advertising in our
columns, and any such swindler will bo publicly exposed. Wc protect sub¬
scribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee to adjust trifling differences
between subscribers and honest, responsible advertisers. Neither will we be
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of
the transaction, and you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker
when writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
We give you fair warning. The R. N.-Y. will keep
talking about Hairy vetch until you and many others
try it as a Winter cover crop. The chances are that
you may scold a little at first because we keep at
this vetch talk. Later you will come back and thank
us for leading you into experiment. That is the way
it went with Alfalfa. By the way, we shall keep at
that also. So be prepared for a never-ending series
of sermons on vetch, Alfalfa, parcels post and a few
others.
*
Hardly a week passes without some notice in the
papers of a new discovery of potash deposits. The
last story was about great Spanish mines which were
to change the entire potash industry. Investigation
shows that those deposits are small and scarcely
worth mining. It seems evident that American farm¬
ers will be obliged to depend on Germany for potash
supplies until we learn how to utilize what we have
in American rocks and lakes. Already 10 patents for
utilizing the potash in rocks have been taken out. We
must chase up Uncle Sam to go fishing for potash !
*
A flood of rain in Chili washed a large amount
of nitrates into the sea, where it was lost except for
feeding marine growth and fish. The rains last Fall
and this Spring have washed out of unprotected farm
soil in this country 1,000 times as much nitrate as
was lost by this flood in Chili. Every field left bare
and dead gave up its share of nitrates to the water
which passed over and through it. There was little
or no loss from fields where rye, vetch or clover were
growing, for these living plants drew up and held the
life-giving nitrates. Your farm is a nitrate factory.
Dead plants do not save the waste for you, but live
ones do. Never, never let your farm come out of
Winter bareheaded again.
*
Hurrah ! Parcels post is here ! Suppose you have
11 pounds of merchandise to mail. You wrap it in
one stout package and write on it, Poste Restante,
Zimony, Hungary. Then you stick on $1.32 in stamps
and off it goes to any little mountain town in Servia —
miles from a railroad. What a glorious thing that is !
“But what good does that do me? I do not live in
Servia. I want to mail my stuff to customers in towns
20 miles away !”
Why don’t you do it? You can take that same 11
pounds. In order to get it to your friends you must
put it in three separate packages and then pay $1.76
for mailing it 20 miles! Hurrah for parcels post!
There are two chief reasons why Servia receives
greater favors from Uncle Sam than our own country
does :
1. A majority of every Congress thus far has been
afraid to antagonize the express companies.
2. A majority of us (the people) have lacked the
nerve to make our Congressmen face the music. “We
the people!” We have been spelling it zvee.
*
The Canadian reciprocity bill passed the House of
Representatives 265 votes to 89. There was a strong
debate in which the farmer’s rights were well defined,
but all except 11 Democrats and 67 Republicans voted
for the bill. The Republicans expected to muster 100
votes in opposition, but could only raise 78 — one less
than a majority of their total membership. In the
former Congress the negative vote was 92. The
bill now goes to the Senate. The situation there is
badly mixed. One leading Senator has said privately
that the bill cannot pass in its present form. Another,
equally prominent, says the votes needed to pass it
are ready at any time. Of the New York Senators,
O’Gorman favors the bill, Root strongly favored it
at first, but is now reported as saying “The farmers’
case as presented is stronger than I supposed.” We
think the debate in the Senate will last for months,
One bad feature of it all is that the big “protected”
interests, which at first abandoned the farmer, now
seem to realize his power. They are “rallying to save
the farmer!” Yes — save five cents for him while he
saves $500 for them.
*
The Troy, N. Y., Times says the Canadian reci¬
procity bill will be passed, “which is as it should be.”
Then “The Times” says about lowering the tariff on
things farmers have to buy :
Letting in free of duty articles which compete with
American manufacturers will affect injuriously American
industries, and American industries are to a very great
extent the reliance of the American farmers. The more
men employed and the more wages paid 'in American
manufactories the better the market for the American
raiser of grain, cattle, fruit and vegetables.
Can you beat that for political guff and baby talk?
Not if you had 1,000 years to practice in! Canadian
reciprocity puts everything the farmer produces on the
free list — takes away the last particle of “protection” the
farmer ever had. The “Troy Times” thinks that “is
as it should he,” but the manufacturers must still have
their tariff. Here is a man who argues that farmers
should give up all the protection they ever had, sell on
a free trade market, and yet continue to buy at “pro¬
tected” prices! It would be hard to decide which is
the greater blockhead — what this man thinks the
farmer is, or what he really is himself.
*
When the Panama Canal is finished the engineers
will receive great credit. This is due them — yet
there are others in humbler lines who made the great
work possible. One of these men is Charles J. Finley.
What did he do? Made it possible for men to labor
at the great ditch. All the brains and money and skill
on earth could not complete that work unless backed
up by hand labor. The French abandoned the canal
because yellow fever and malaria killed off their
workmen. Finley proved that these diseases were
conveyed by mosquitoes. When these insects were
killed the diseases disappeared. Had the Panama
Canal been continued as the French left it — a mos¬
quito breeding ditch — all the money and energy in
this nation would have been baffled for years. When
the United States Army went to Havana death
claimed its awful harvest. Finley saw that the mos¬
quitoes were death’s messengers, and be urged action.
As the Medical Record says:
lie was received with polite toleration, hut without
great enthusiasm. He persisted nevertheless in season
and out of season, and in fact made such a nuisance of
himself that an investigation was finally decided upon,
his confidence arousing a suspicion that he might, after
all, be on the right track.
Investigation proved his theory. Give Finley credit
for the big ditch. Give him credit for proving an¬
other theory. “Polite toleration” is first cousin to
“careful consideration.” Let us make ourselves a
nuisance to these Congressmen as Finley did, and
make them give us parcels post.
*
You would not have thought it — some of you good
people who have been inclined to sneer at New Jer¬
sey! You have said that Jersey could produce noth¬
ing but trusts, mosquitoes and politicians. She did
have some malignant specimens of all of these pests,
but during the past five months New Jersey has set
an example for the rest of the Union. She has put on
her books the strongest corrupt practice law yet passed,
a strong primary elections law, an employer’s liabil¬
ity act and several other radical measures which are
sure to benefit the common people. While New York
has been squabbling over the Senatorial election and
waiting for one big politician or another to wink his
eye, New Jersey has gone straight ahead and accom¬
plished things. We shall analyze and explain these
laws before they are in operation. Now we want to
point out the reason for this great victory. It started
right after the last election. There was a primary
last year, and a majority of those who voted declared
their choice for United States Senator to be E. E.
Stokes, Republican, or James E. Marline, Democrat.
To their surprise the Democrats carried the Legisla¬
ture and the politicians set out to defeat Mr. Martine.
Gov. Wilson knew that if this were done his party
would break faith with the people and prove itself
dishonest and unfit to rule. So he went past the
politicians and appealed to the voters of his party.
They responded like a mountain storm, and so
frightened the politicians that they gave up at once
and elected Mr. Martine. That settled it. Having
once felt the wrath of the voters, the politicians fell
over themselves to give what the people demanded.
Thus New Jersey leads the way and shows what
must be done. Jerseymen mastered the politicians.
You must either master them or serve them.
*
Since there has been so much testimony as to the
value of lime-sulphur as a spray for fruit trees, many
have asked if it will prove as useful for spraying po¬
tatoes. It has been claimed that Bordeaux Mixture
is particularly valuable for potato spraying. Will
lime-sulphur take its place as it promises to do in
fruit spraying? The best advice we have is the fol¬
lowing from W. A. Orton, pathologist in charge of
the Government investigation in plant diseases :
We have as yet insufficient evidence upon which to base
a conclusive, reply in regard to the efficiency of lime-
sulphur compounds as compared with Bordeaux mixture
in controlling potato blight. What evidence we have affords
no reason for giving up Bordeaux mixture. The lime-
sulphur compounds appear to be on the whole less efficient
fungicides than Bordeaux. Their increasing use on fruit
trees is due to other reasons ; namely, that the self-boiled
lime-sulphur Is safe to use on tender foliage, while the
factory-boiled lime-sulphur is an efficient Winter spray
and conveniently purchased in rcady-to-use form. Standard
Bordeaux mixture is not injurious to potato foliage; on
the other hand, it appears to exert a stimulating or
beneficial action in addition to controlling parasitic
diseases, and we advise potato growers to continue its use.
*
Some recent cases of fertilizer law settled in Great
Britain will interest our farmers. A dealer sold a
fertilizer with a guaranteed analysis. His agent as¬
sured the farmers who bought it that the mixture
was suitable for growing turnips. The crop where it
was used proved a failure, and the farmers refused
to pay for it. The dealer sued to recover the price.
The farmers proved by good evidence that the turnip
crop failed where this fertilizer was used, and chemists
testified that the analysis was not a good one for
turnips. The judge held that the agent’s statement
that the mixture was suitable for turnips implied a
guarantee under the law, since the farmers relied upon
the agent’s skill and judgment. He held that, under
these circumstances, the farmers were not liable for
the price of the fertilizer, but were entitled to dam¬
ages for the loss of their crop. The Mark Lane Ex¬
press says of this decision :
The judgment is important, because it involves the
principle that the obligations of the seller do not cease
when he has supplied the manure and rendered an invoice
in compliance with the act. If the seller in any circular
or by the mouth of his agent has made a statement that
the manure is suitable for the crop it implies a warranty
that the manure is thus suitable, and should it prove to
be otherwise the seller cannot escape responsibility.
Another case in Ireland turned out the same way.
The English fertilizer laws are very strict — as they
should be. We doubt if such a verdict could be ob¬
tained under any American law now on the books,
and we regret it. What a wholesome effect there
would be upon the fertilizer and seed trade if the
owners were forced to put dollars on the wild wind
and guff of their agents !
BREVITIES.
The best manure spreader — the sheep.
Ever harrow the grain in early Spring? What was the
result?
No matter who you are, where you live or your name,
try to plant a tree this Spring.
It looks as if the Hope Farm man might have a $250
per year cow ! Tell him wherein his figuring is wrong.
Unhappy that farm home which lacks a full supply of
dry fuel. Its women folks would be justified in going on
strike.
The government of Sweden has secured control of water
power which amounts to 545,145 horse-power, and is after
more. This will be used on state railroads and other
industries.
The latest suggested “cure” for a cribbing horse is to
put hog rings in his tongue. It probably would “cure"
the horse, but the man who would do such a cruel thing
ought to he kept in jail !
Among plant novelties promised us from Germany is
an ornamental cabbage with richly colored leaves, white,
pink, red, bronze, yellow and crimson, some with pointed
and some with curled leaves. It is said to give the ef¬
fect of Coleus, while much hardier.
Our American scientific men state that owing to the
nature of the disease it will do little good to soak seed
corn to prevent smut, because the germs are not in the
seed as with oats or wheat. In Europe experiments show
the value of such soakiug. Some of our readers insist
that the disease came to them on seed corn.
One of the troublesome weeds they are destroying with
arsenite spraying in Hawaii is the pretty little German
ivy, a favorite house plant with us, and another is the
Lantana. one of our showy bedding plants. The Lantana
makes regular jungles in Hawaii, where it originally es
taped from gardens, and has now become an intolerable
nuisance.
At the Kothamsted Experiment Station it was esti¬
mated that there were 25.000 angleworms to the acre.
The actual plant food in the bodies of these worms was
only equal to the nitrogen in eight pounds of nitrate of
soda, or about 250 pounds stable manure. The worms
help by making over and draining the soil, but they add
but little plant food.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
668
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
U. S. Senators Lured by the Idola¬
ters of the Sucker List.
It seems that E. G. Lewis is now going
to make a weekly of his much -boasted
Daily. It is strange that the government
will allow him to use the mails to fool the
people out of their money. Last year he
was publishing three magazines, claiming
a million and a half subscribers. He
stopped them and said he would enlarge
the Daily each week and publish the mag¬
azines as supplements so that the sub¬
scribers would get the same service as
before. That was untrue. Then he raised
the price of the Daily to $2 and after
getting all the subscribers he could, he is
going to reduce it to a weekly. Has he
got the right to fool the people out of
their money, and to slander the whole
Tost Office Department? It is just such
men as he is who prompt loony cranks
to assassinate our Presidents and other
officials. If it can be stopped, why doesn't
the government stop it? Surely if it can¬
not be stopped this government cannot
stand, when its subjects have no respect
for it. Anyone who reads bis paper can
see that he is an anarchist, in the sense
that he disrespects law. That paper is
not fit to put into any family where there
are children any more than the “Appeal tp
Reason.” and of the two I think the Lewis
publication the worse of the two, and the
most to be feared. He should be stopped
before he does any more harm. He has
fooled the women out of millions, and if
he can collect the notes they sent him un¬
der misrepresentations it will amount to
millions more. I wish you would open the
eyes of the Post Office Department and see
if they will not try to stop his practices.
Pine River, Wis. a. n. de cjroff.
Some good people forget that our
government is the people. The officials
are merely their employees, and they
are directed by the activities of the
people interested in various projects.
In Canada and in some of the old
countries with limited monarchies the
government is more rigid, stronger and
less subject to transient and hysterical
influences. With postal regulations
much the same as ours, Lewis never
could get his papers entered to second-
class privileges in Canada. He has suc¬
ceeded here because of our govern¬
ment’s sensitive response to pressure
from any number of people, whether the
measure is just or otherwise.
It is estimated that Lewis has one of
the biggest “sucker lists” in existence.
It is said to number over two million
names. He started it with an endless
chain fake. He added to it with a pure
lottery scheme, and he increased it fur¬
ther by the purchase of names from
patent medicine advertisers and various
other ways. Later he classified the
“list.” The attempt to perfect a male
list failed; but the classification known
as the American Woman’s League is
said to have the distinction of being the
first and largest exclusive female
“sucker list” extant. The general list
is made up of men, women and chil¬
dren of all ages and of every conceiv¬
able condition. Some are intelligent ;
Lewis appealed to their love of culture.
Some are public-spirited; he appealed to
their civic pride. Some are philan¬
thropic ; he appealed to their charity.
Others are ambitious ; Lewis tickled
their vanity. Others still are venal ; he
appealed to their cupidity ; others again
are sentimental; he set himself up as
the idol for their worship. He magni¬
fied every virtue, patronized every foible,
flattered every vice, and all the time
lured a flood of money from his unsus¬
pecting victims. It mattered not to him
whence it came or how. He tricked
the careful investor with realty securi¬
ties; he caught the speculatively in¬
clined with fake stock. The intelligent
contributed to his - plausible bank
schemes, and the ignorant to his more
transparent swindles. He had schemes
for all ; and his insatiable greed knew
no limitations. He talked only in mil¬
lions ; but the dimes and pennies of
children and cripples were taken with
as little compunction of conscience as
the dollars of the wealthy. No limita¬
tion of youth or age deterred him. No
degree of poverty of distress or misfor¬
tune was sacred to him. He wanted it
all, allured it all, schemed for it all,
lied for it all, got it all. No pleading of
poverty or distress or sickness or death
suffices to induce him to return any of
it. The rich and the poor, the young
and the old, the strong and the weak,
the cripple, the deaf and the blind, all
sent him their savings in the trust of
his promised reward. For seven years he
has jollied them and appeased them with
one exchange of a fake certificate for
another, and at last impudently demands
the return of every worthless certificate
and the surrender of every broken
pledge.
What has become of all the money
gathered from these people, and esti¬
mated at $10,000,000? Some say he
squandered it in foolish attempts to ag¬
grandize himself; but there are rumors
of a bank account in Europe, and these
recall his wife’s trip abroad last year
when financial troubles began to grow
acute.
Of course the honest and intelligent
have long since become unwilling mem¬
bers of the “sucker list.” The prudent
and crafty hold on in the vain hope of
getting their money back. The hirelings
yet serve and the idolaters still worship.
To these two elements of the “sucker
list” he is a real divinity capable of no
wrong, and worthy of all praise. Hence
it is that while you are attending to your
business and your home and your chil¬
dren, and your employes at Washing¬
ton are faithfully trying to do their
sworn duty in enforcement of the law,
these Lewis worshippers are writing
hysterical letters to members of Con¬
gress, using the very words that are
put into their mouths by Lewis, and de¬
manding justice and a square deal for
their idol, meaning thereby that he must
be left free to violate the law as he
pleases. Legislatures respond to the ap¬
peals of their constituents. If they took
more pains to investigate drunnned-up
complaints they might save themselves
the humiliation of appearing in the
United States Senate as champions of
any notorious swindler or crook,
and refrain from using their powerful
position to embarras other officials in the
honest discharge of an impartial duty.
Of course the Senators who have taken
up the Lewis complaint are acting in
good faith. They have no other infor¬
mation, and they act in response to the
demands on them. They think they ap¬
peal for a just cause. If the Lewis vic¬
tims told them their pitiable stories the
Senators would see a new light. But
don’t blame the Federal authorities.
They stopped the old bank game ; and*
you turned the proceeds over to Lewis
again, $1,300,000 of it. They indicted
and tried Lewis for fraud ; and you
went to court and secured his acquittal.
They applied the law to his publications ;
and you made such a fuss about it he
was allowed privileges denied to others.
They closed one bank; you sent him
money to start another. They started
an investigation of his later fakes; and
you joined in Ins squeal and cried
shame ! When we say “you,” we refer
to the voluntary members of the “sucker
list,” the hirelings and the idolaters;
but they are part of the mob who influ¬
ence legislators and send orders to pub¬
lic officials. If we could forget the help¬
less pitiable conditions of his victims,
the trifling with Lewis would be ridicu¬
lous from the police phases of it. In
view of the time and extent of his oper¬
ations it is fast assuming the proportions
of a national scandal.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — Discouraged because he is
not able physically to perform manual labor,
“Andy” Toth, of Pittsburg, Pa., who a
month ago was pardoned from the peniten¬
tiary after he had served twenty years of
a life sentence for a crime he did not com¬
mit, applied to Warden John Francis to
return to the Western Penitentiary, there
to spend the remainder of his days. When
Toth was released from the penitentiary
reports had it that Andrew Carnegie, having
been touched by the sad story of Toth’s
misfortune, would pension him. Friends in
Pittsburg also expressed their willingness
to help him. Tip to date he has received
only a $48 subscription. His health is
rapidly failing, and physicians say that
hard work would kill him. Toth’s four sons
there are barely able to support their own
families.
Two of the most important pieces of leg¬
islation pending in the Illinois Legislature,
providing for the initiative and referendum
and a constitutional convention, passed the
Senate April 20. Both resolutions were
unanimously adopted, 40 to 0. At no time
was the initiative and referendum resolu¬
tion in danger. During the debate over the
resolution it was clearly shown that both
the Democrats and Republicans were en¬
deavoring to claim credit for its success
rather than to prevent its passage.
April 20 Post Office inspectors raided
three mail-order medical concerns in New
York, the Hartmann Medicine Company, 231
East Fourteenth St., the Vienna Medical
Institute, at 140 East Twenty-second St.,
and the Universal Medical Institute, at 30
West Twenty-ninth St. This is the second
time that raiders have sallied forth from
the Federal Building in search of the men
who advertise the curealls in newspapers
printed in foreign languages in this country.
Chief Postal Inspector Warren W. Dickson
intends to keep right after the advertisers
and then get after the newspapers
that print the advertisements. Five pris¬
oners were taken in these raids and locked
up in Marshal Henkel’s office charged with
a scheme to defraud, and grand jury sub¬
poenas were served upon the employees of
the various concerns. Dr. Ferdinand Hart¬
mann, the head of the company, and Frank
Donnelly, his druggist, were both nut under
arrest. Hartmann was held in $5,000 bail
before Commissioner Shields, and Donnelly
in .$3,000. both charged with schemes to de¬
fraud. The doctor had sixteen employees
and ten interpreters hard at work writing
letters in twenty different languages, gazing
into test tubes in the laboratory on the
ground floor and sorting out the morning
mail. This concern is said to do an annual
business of $75,000. Two men were arrest¬
ed at the Universal Medical Institute, which
was said to bring in between $50 and $150
a day, and one man was arrested at the
Vienna Medical Institute.
James .T. McNamara, secretary and treas¬
urer of the International .Bridge and Struc¬
tural Iron Workers Association, with head¬
quarters in Indianapolis, was arrested April
22 on a charge of being connected with the
dynamiting of the plant of the Los Angeles
Times at Los Angeles last October. J. B.
McNamara, alias Bryce, a brother to J. J.
McNamara, and Ottie McManigal, were ar¬
rested in Detroit some days before, charged
with being accessory to the Los Angeles
dynamiting. McManigal made a lengthy
confession to the police, in which he told
of dynamite plots which caused the death
of 112 men, and property losses of $3,500,-
000. He said that all places they dyna¬
mited either used structural iron obtained
from plants having the open shop or places
belonging to the Erectors’ Association, which
was opposing the Structural Iron Workers’
Union. The confession gives in detail the
beginning of the attacks against the Erec¬
tors’ Association, comprising the greater
number of the structural iron operators in
this country, and especially in places where
material supplied by the American Bridge
Company was being used. April 23 the
police found 400 pounds of dynamite in the
heart of Tiffin, O., in a shed belonging to
Ottie McManigal’s father. W. J. Ford, as¬
sistant prosecuting attorney of Los Angeles,
Walter Drew of the Erectors’ Association
of New York, and Frank Fox, proprietor
of a taxiacb company, were arrested at
Indianapolis April 24, charged with the kid¬
napping of McNamara, and were released
under $5,000 bonds. The proceedings against
them were brought by members of the
executive board of the ironworkers union
and at the instance of Attorney Rappaport,
their legal adviser, the papers were signed
by J. J. Keegan, Democratic Representative
in the last Legislature, and formerly a
member of the executive board of the iron¬
workers. The proceedings were based on
the ground that McNamara was taken from
the city without having a chance to defend
himself or even the right to have a lawyer
when he was taken before the police judge
for identification. Detective W. J. Burns
was arrested on the same charge April 25.
Seven persons were burned to death and
eight injured by the explosion of 4.000 gal¬
lons of gasoline in a Wabash tank car in
the yards of the Bell Oil Company, St.
Louis, Mo., April 22. When the car ex¬
ploded a mass of burning oil was sent up,
which fell on many other tanks and houses
in a radius of half a block, setting them
afire. F. A. Bretsnyder, vice-president of
the oil company, mounted the tank car
shortly before the accident to test the qual¬
ity of the gasoline it contained. He denies
that he permitted a spark to fall into the
gasoline, and said that the explosion must
have been caused by a spark from a loco¬
motive. Charles Onions, son of Thomas
Onions, who was burned to death, says em¬
ployees of the oil company have been care¬
less and often struck matches near tank
cars, lie said they boasted how little they
feared the oils. In one house, 30 feet from
the track, four members of the family were
burned to death, and another seriously in¬
jured.
Federal Judge Charles E. Wolverton de¬
cided at Portland, Ore., April 24, that the
Southern Pacific and the Oregon & Califor¬
nia Railway companies must forfeit to the
United States government about 200,000
acres of land, which is valued at $40,000,000
to $75,000,000. The case probably will be
appealed. Interpreting the act of Congress
granting the land as an aid to railway con¬
struction, the court held that Congress in¬
tended that this land should be sold to bona
fide settlers, in tracts not greater than 100
acres to one individual, and at a price not
exceeding $2.50 an acre. In brief, the ques¬
tion raised by the Southern Pacific Com¬
pany was whether Congress had the power
to make a subsequent act precedent to the
rights conferred in an original grant. The
suit was instituted in 1908 by Attorney
General Bonaparte, following a memorial
from the Oregon Legislature to Congress
that the Southern Pacific Company, succes¬
sor to the Oregon & California Railway
Company, had forfeited its rights to a grant
of land in Oregon and Washington. The
company was said to have refused to sell
the land as provided in the grant.
All of the twenty-three miners entombed
by the explosion in the Ott mine of the
Davis Coat and Coke Company, April 23,
near Elk Garden, W. Va., have perished.
Fourteen bodies were taken out April 24,
and one was recovered the previous night.
By a vote of 105 to 30, the New York
Assembly April 25 adopted the resolution
of Senator Roosevelt advocating the election
of United States Senators by direct vote
of the people. Twenty-one Republicans
voted with the Democrats in favor of the
resolution. One Democrat, Donovan, of
Kings, voted against it.
Andrew Carnegie went before the grand
Jury at New York, April 25, to tell what
he knew of the affairs of the trust company
which had taken his name as its title, and
which has been under investigation ever
since its collapse last January. Carnegie
issued a sweeping denial of the promises
credited to him by Cummins and the State
Banking Department, that he had pledged
himself to go to the trust company’s aid.
He repudiated Cummins and refused to give
him the endorsement that Cummins had told
the grand jurors they could get from Mr.
Carnegie. Clark Williams, former State
Banking Superintendent and Comptroller,
and friend of Carnegie, came in for strong
critc-ism from the latter who declared that
it was largely through Williams’s recom¬
mendations that he had become so heavily
involved in the company’s affairs. The name
of the City Chamberlain, Chas. IT. Hyde,
has appeared repeatedly in the investigation,
it being evident that city money was de¬
posited where personal interests dictated.
WASHINGTON. — Cream-colored postal
cards printed in red ink are to take the
place of the old cards of commonplace black
ink design. It is said that the new cards
will be of more attractive appearance. Last
year the government issued 871.318,000 pos¬
tal cards, the total cost of which was $273,-
000. or $84,000 in excess of the cost of the
cards issued the year preceding, against
which so many complaints bad been made.
The new card will cost approximately $65,-
000 more than the present card.
Detailed information of the activities of
the sugar trust is demanded by a resolu¬
tion introduced in the House April 23 by
Representative Sabath of Illinois. The Sec¬
retary of the Treasury and the Attorney
General are asked to inform the House how
many constituent companies there are in
the American Sugar Refining Company, the
names of the directors, the amounts paid
by the companies to the government in com¬
promise of frauds, the total amount that
should have been collected as customs du¬
ties by the government on undervalued en¬
tries, the length of time the frauds con¬
tinued and the reason why criminal pro¬
ceedings have not been instituted against
officers of the sugar trust.
The Canadian reciprocity bill, to secure
the passage of which President Taft called
Congress in extra session, was passed by
the House April 21 by a vote of 265 to 8!).
Of those who stood out to the end against
the agreement, ten were Democrats, one
(Representative Akin, of New York i was an
independent, and seventy-eight were Repub¬
licans. Sixty-seven Republicans and 197
Democrats voted for the bill, as did Victor
Berger, the Wisconsin Socialist. The bill
got 45 more votes than it did in the last
session, the vote on its former passage hav¬
ing been 221 to 92. Seventy-eight Repub¬
licans, one less than a majority of Represen¬
tatives of that party in the ’ House, voted
against the measure. Sixty-four Republicans
upheld the hand of the Administration.
Eleven Democrats deserted their party or¬
ganization by voting against the Adminis¬
tration bill reported by Representative Un¬
derwood of Alabama, the Democratic (hair-
man of the Committee on Ways and Means.
“A deficit in the operation of the Post
Office Department of $17,600,000, inherited
by the present administration of the postal
service, practically has been wiped out.”
said Postmaster General Hitchcock April 22.
He had just received from the auditor for
the Post Office Department a final report
showing that the revenues for the first six
months of the current fiscal year aggregated
$118,573,817 and the expenditures $i 18,614,-
680. “The wiping out in less than two
years of the largest deficit in the history
of the department,” said Mr. Hitchcock,
“was accomplished not by curtailing postal
facilities, but by extending the service along
profitable lines.” He believes that the cur¬
rent fiscal year will show a considerable
surplus. The auditor's report says that
since the opening of the administration 3.089
new post offices have been established, de¬
livery by letter carriers provided in 142
additional cities and 2,124 new rural routes,
aggregating 51,230 miles in length author¬
ized, force of postal employees increased
by 8,274 men and annual expenditures for
salaries increased by $11, 70S, 071 in the two
years.
FARM AND GARDEN. — Half a million
Russian mulberry trees were planted April
21 by Chicago school children in celebra¬
tion of Arbor Day. The trees were planted
in front and back yards, and on school prem¬
ises, and in small parks. The Russian
mulberry is peculiarly adapted to Chicago,
according to Mr. Prost, the city forester.
The Connecticut Sheep Breeders’ Asso¬
ciation will hold its annual field meeting
and sheep shearing contest at the farm of
P. G. Tripp, Ellington, Conn., Thursday,
May 11. All interested in sheep raising
are invited to attend. Mr. Tripp’s farm
shows conclusively the beneficial effects of
sheep upon cheap land. The shearing con¬
test will be divided into the following
classes: Class A, hand shearing; Class B,
machine shearing; Class C, hand shearing
by boys under 18 years old; Class D, ma¬
chine shearing by boys under 18 years old ;
Class E, sweepstakes for most humane
shearing by all contestants. All contestants
must be residents of Connecticut. There
are prizes of $5, $3 and $2 in each class.
Shearing machines will be furnished at the
farm.
The Crop Improvement Committee of the
Council of North American Grain Exchanges
is sending out a post card that says on one
side in big white letters on a black ground :
“Test Your Seed Corn.” On the other side
it says : “We are informed that tin1 seed
corn is extremely poor this season. Every
grain which fails to grow cuts your crop
down at least 25 per cent to the hill.”
The thirty-sixth annual convention of the
American Association of Nurserymen will
be held on June 14, 15 and 16, 1911, at
St. Louis, Mo., with headquarters at the
Southern Hotel. The program lias been is¬
sued, and all those desirous of obtaining
further particulars should address John
Hall, secretary, 204 Granite Building,
Rochester, N. Y.
The Pacific Coast Association of Nursery¬
men will meet in convention at San .Tose,
Cal., on June 21 and three following days.
St. James Hotel will be headquarters.
George C. Roeding of Fresno, Cal., is the
president, and C. A. Tonneson of Tacoma,
Wash., is the secretary-treasurer.
CORN ACREAGE.
The acreage of sweet corn in this vicinity
will remain about the same as usual. It
will depend somewhat on the fact whether
the factory at East Baldwin is operat' d this
season or not. If this factory is run the
acreage will be increased ; if not it will be
a little less. The land here used for corn
is generally cultivated fields, as most of the
pastures are too rocky for cultivation, and
there is not much meadow land here. The
seed most generally used is early and medi¬
um Crosby, and from 600 to 1500 pounds of
fertilizers are used to the acre in addition
to barnyard dressing. F. j. m.
North Baldwin, Me.
There has been more corn planted in this
vicinity during the last few years than for¬
merly, but I do not think there will be any
increased acreage in corn this year, but
rather a decrease, as the price of corn is
lower than It has been for the last few
years. Corn is planted hereabouts on regu¬
larly cultivated fields, in rotation with other
crops. I am unable to state how much fer¬
tilizer is used per acre. As to the variety,
common flint corn is used almost wholly*
Very little, if any, dent corn is planted.
Chelmsford, Mass. u. w. D.
I do not know that the acreage will be
increased this year any over that of last
year, but it has been increased somewhat in
the last two or three years. Corn in this
section is generally the first crop after
breaking up. The amount of phosphate
that is generally used on land that has had
a dressing of stable manure is from 300 to
400 pounds per acre. Without manure, one-
half ton and upwards should be used. The
varieties of corn raised here are the e’ght-
rowed yellow corn and the 12-rowed. There
may be a small increase in acreac'1 this
year, but no great enthusiasm has been
aroused in raising corn for grain.
Nashua, N. II. r. c. n.
670
May G,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
LITTLE THINGS.
A traveller through a dusty road
Strewed acorns on the lea ;
And one took root and sprouted up,
And grew into a tree.
Love sought ites shade at evening time,
To breathe its early vows,
And Age was pleased, in heat of noon,
To bask beneath its boughs;
The dormouse loved its dangling twigs,
The birds sweet music bore ;
It stood, a glory in its place,
A blessing evermore !
A little spring had lost its way
Amid the grass and fern,
A passing stranger scooped a well,
Where weary men might turn ;
He walled it in and hung with care
A ladle at the brink;
He thought not of the deed he did,
But judged that toil might drink.
He passed again — and lo, the well.
By Summers never dried,
Had cooled ten thousand parching tongues,
And saved a life beside !
A dreamer dropped a random thought,
’Twas old, and yet was new —
A simple fancy of the brain,
But strong in being true ;
It shone upon a genial mind,
And lo, its light became
A lamp of light, a beacon ray,
A monitory flame ;
The thought was small, its issue great,
A watch-fire on the hill ;
It sheds its radiance far adnwn,
And cheers the valley still !
A nameless man amid a crowd
That thronged the daily mart
Let fall a word of hope and love,
Unstudied from the heart;
A whisper on the tumult thrown —
A transitory breath ;
It raised a brother from the dust,
It saved a soul from death.
O germ ! O font ! O word of love !
O thought at random cast!
Ye were but little at the first,
But mighty at the last!
—Charles Mackay.
*
A teacher in a public school sewing
class rather surprised a woman by ask¬
ing her whether she threaded her
needle or needled her thread. And the
surprised woman was still more sur¬
prised when she took her needle in the
right hand, and needled the thread held
in her left, to find how much easier it
was, when she had once ‘‘got the hang”
of it. Try it and see.
*
The following is a highly recom¬
mended clam chowder that contains no
pork. Have ready a generous pint of
chopped clams, a can of tomatoes, three
small sticks of celery, two onions, two
boiled potatoes, a dash of curry,
Worcestershire sauce, paprika and salt.
After mincing, cook the celery and
onions in butter till partly tender. Slice
the potatoes and put all the ingredients,
together in a kettle. Let them cook for
about 15 minutes and serve piping hot
with crackers.
*
Here is a recipe for roasted cheese,
which will make a savory supper dish.
Have ready half a dozen slices of deli¬
cately toasted bread, neatly trimmed
and free from crusts; a quarter of a
pound of cheese, two tablespoonfuls of
butter, the yolks of two eggs, a very
scant teaspoonful of dry -mustard or
less, as preferred ; a dash of paprika, a
tiny pinch of cayenne and a scant half
teaspoonful of salt. Pound the cheese
and other ingredients to a paste. Spread
the mixture over the toast, which should
be very slightly moistened with hot
water. Place the whole in a hot oven
and let it stand for four minutes, or
until the cheese has melted and is very
hot. Serve at once.
*
A friend buying supplies from a
wholesale millinery house was informed
that under the new law going into effect
we think May 1, marabou feathers
could no longer be sold legally. Our
friend drew her marabou stole about
her shoulders, and wondered whether
she could continue to wear it. The
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
feather man snorted impatiently, and
said : “That isn’t marabou — it’s turkey
feathers.” We all know the soft, silky
fluff the turkey wears at the base of his
feathers, and it appears that this is
freely used to make commercial “mara¬
bou.” It is dressed and dyed to look as
well as the real African stork’s plumage,
and one feels better to think that the
beautiful wild bird is to be left in peace.
*
Plain taffeta in black and colors is
being brought forward for Summer
wear, and will be used for plain one-
piece dresses and jacket suits. It is a
sensible fashion, for the taffeta sheds
dust and is cool and light. Tailored
jacket suits of black satin are very
fashionable and handsome; sometimes
the black is relieved by colored collar
and cuffs on the coat, or colored pipings.
An old black satin dress of 10 years or
more ago, made before pleated skirts
came in, contains enough material for a
modern jacket suit, as one of our
friends found when turning out her
stores. Women of all ages wear the
black satin or taffeta jacket suits, but it
will make an especially nice outfit for a
middle-aged woman who wants some¬
thing cool, yet different from light Sum¬
mer fabrics or washing materials.
*
Henry W. Johnson, who died re¬
cently at Lynn, Mass., is described as
the inventor of the buttoned shoe,
which emancipated women from those
sad-looking elastic-sided gaiters. Mr.
Johnson was also a good farmer and
horticulturist, we are told. It seems
rather hard to realize that people now
living can recollect a period when the
buttoned shoe was non-existent, and
rubbers were a little-known luxury.
We think even now rubbers belong in
the luxury class, for we paid this Win¬
ter 80 cents a pair for rubbers we paid
45 cents for 15 years ago, and they now
wear out so quickly that we think it
would be an economy to go back to old-
time pattens. The farmer who is asked
to let his competitor’s products across
the Canada line free of duty, will be
cheered to know, that the suffering rub¬
ber manufacturer who raises the price
on the children’s rubbers is protected by
a duty of 35 per cent ad valorem.
My Jungle Garden.
When we came to live in the cottage,
we found a shady angle at the northeast
side, where some one had planted purple
flowering raspberry canes, which had in¬
creased in number until they formed a
small jungle, which sheltered two
kitchen windows from a too public view
from the village street. In Summer this
jungle was a mass of handsome, large
leaves, over which hovered countless
wild-rose-shaped flowers of deep crim¬
son and magenta. One of the windows
reaches to the floor, and between it and
the jungle was a pile of rough rocks, left
there after repairs on the drain. Very
little sunshine ever touches this corner,
and it is damp, so moss began gradually
to grow on the rocks, and little plants
started up. I often sat by the long win¬
dow with my work, and became inter¬
ested in the little common, green things,
and found them fresh and restful to look
upon, when the kitchen was hot, and the
work monotonous.
One Autumn, a friend visited me, and
on one of our woods rambles, we found
and brought home some maiden hair
ferns with roots, and planted them beside
the rocks. They took kindly to the
shady place, and thrived, until now each
year there is a large cluster of the ex¬
quisite, spreading fronds. A neighbor
gave me some blood-root blossoms, one
of which had a root, and because I dis¬
like to throw away a living plant, I set
it in the jungle. Early every Spring,
it rewards me with a number of green
leaves, like sheaves out of which unfold
the pure white and gold flowers. My
interest increased, and I often brought
home from the woods ferns and other
little plants for my garden. I did not
always know their names, but they were
pretty and refreshing and woodsy, and
I loved to have them near me.
The raspberry canes had to be cut
back, to make room for the smaller
plants, but they were undiscouraged, arid
still form a beautiful outer wall for the
garden. When Spring comes, there is
always the joy of watching the ferns
start. The maidenhair and the oak ferns
are wonderfully dainty and delicate in
their infant growth. And besides the
plants that I know will come up, there
are always new ones that dear Mother
Nature brings to surprise me. Perhaps
she sends the seeds by the birds, for
they too love my jungle garden, and
often visit it, thus doubling my pleasure.
I now have 20 differents kinds of ferns,
and a good number of woods plants, all
the names of which I know, for how
could I fully enjoy them until I had
learned what to call them?
If the busy house-mother thinks she
has no time to make such a garden, it
will be pretty and instructive work for
the boys and girls to make one for her,
where she can spend a few moments in
the early morning, or at twilight. My
word for it, she will be happier, and
more thankful ai d patient, because of
this nearness to the common, beautiful
gifts of God. ELIZA F. miller.
Crullers, Doughnuts and Oleykoeks.
• — The bakers have surprised me by not
knowing any difference in these names,
calling them fried cakes indifferently, but
to old-fashioned notions they are quite
diverse articles. A doughnut is a lump
of dough, a ball, fried in fat, of various
grades from plain raised ones to richer
baking powder ones. An oleykoek is a
doughnut with a raisin in the middle.
Cruller recipes are often almost like soft
cake, richer than doughnuts, but the name
refers to the shape. Etymologically, the
cruller is a curled cake. Chaucer says :
“With lockes crull as had been laid in
presse.” R. s.
Dress the Youngsters
with the famous,
finest quality .long¬
est wearing and.
very fetching
(Fifty Years the Standard!) 1
and your children will
look so stylish and up-to-
date they’ll be models of
tidy appearance. The
cost won’t be much — 10c
and up a yard — but the
long wear will surprise
you. Pacific Percales
have been for fifty years
the preferred percales.
The patterns are a revelation, in a large variety of
dainty creations as well as in the quiet tones and in
white and black.
Ask your dealer to show
and look for this trade mark
the guarantee of most stylish ,
longest wear — unfadable — '
cotton sheet and do up to the
If your dealer doesn’t carry Pacific Percales, write
us for free samples and list of retailers who will
supply you.
PACIFIC MILLS - BOSTON, MASS.
you
Pacific Percales
on each piece —
designs and
wash easy as a
Queen’s taste.
TAPESTRY RUG,
WOOL, 9x12 ft.,
Art Squares— 9 x 12
ft., 13.25 up. Fine
Smyrna Rugs— 9 x,
12 ft., $6.98. Mat¬
ting— from 13c a yard
up. Oil Cloth — 24c a
yard up. Linoleum— 41c
a sq. yard and up. Brus¬
sels Carpets— 40c a yard
up.
Roxboroiifh Rugs
$7.48
Just think! Floor
coverings as fine
as can be made-
beautiful, long last-
g, guaranteed, with
bright, fadeless colors—
at regular manufactur¬
er’s prices , one-third to
one-half less than retail!
We buy in big lots. You
know that saves money.
Just as big bargains in
Body Brussels, Axmin-
sters, Velvets, Ingrains,
Wiltons, Rag Carpets,
Carpet Linings, Cocoa
Mats and Lace Curtains.
Talk about handsome
patterns! We have
them for parlor,
bedroom, dining
room and kitchen.
Get a postal right now,
and write for our hand¬
some illustrated cata¬
logue. It tells all about
each article and gives
you the exact low price.
Don’t put off writing!
You won’t have to buy
unless you want to, but
by all means send for
the catalogue, and see
the low prices.
R0XB0R0UGH RUG CO., Dept. 377 , Philadelphia, Pa.
A
Nation t
of
" Rapid
Fire ”
Eaters
The people of the United States
are known all over the world as a
Nation of dyspeptics. We don’t take
time to eat properly or to eat proper food.
Everyone would live longer — be healthier,
feel better, do better work, and do it with
greater ease if more time were taken in eating
and more UNEEDA BISCUIT eaten. UNEEDA
BISCUIT are the most nutritious of all foods
made from flour. UNEEDA BISCUIT are
always fresh, clean, crisp and good.
UNEEDA BISCUIT are muscle mak¬
ers and brain builders. In short,
the National Soda Crackers are
Uneeda
Biscuit
Never sold
in bulk
s
!J§|!g§§ Jrffbte moisture-proof.
package
NATiONXl. BISCUIT COM PAN y1
•VJtjuu.i
1011.
THE RURAb NEW-YORKEH
571
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of patterns and measurements
desired.
The semi-princesse gown is a pro¬
nounced favorite of the season. The full
length panel gives long lines, the fact
that the blouse portions and sleeves are
cut in one means little labor and the
6987 Scmi-Princesse Gown,
34 to 44 bust.
fact that the skirt can be cut either in
round length or to clear the floor, makes
it adapted both to formal and informal
occasions. This dress is made of the
eyelet embroidery that is so fashionable
combined with flouncing and trimmed
with banding, but the model will be
found an excellent one for all seasonable
materials. It can be made of two differ¬
ent ones, as in this instance or of one
throughout and will be found equally
desirable utilized in both ways. The
gown is made with the panel, the blouse
and tire skirt. The blouse is made in
two pieces and the skirt is cut in four
gores. The flounce is straight and gath¬
ered at the upper edge. The full length
panel is attached to blouse and skirt at
both sides and the closing of the gown
is made invisibly at the back. The
quantity of material required for the me¬
dium size is 8^4 yards 27 inches wide,
5J4 yards 36 or 434 yards 44 if one ma¬
terial is used throughout ; 2^4 yards 44
inches wide with 2J4 yards of flouncing
18 inches wide and 10 yards of banding
to make as illustrated. The pattern No.
6987 is cut in sizes for a 34, 38, 40,
42 and 44 inch bust measure; price 10
cents.
The smaller pictures include 6968,
over blouse with body and sleeves in
one, 34 to 42 bust. 234 yards of ma¬
terial 27 inches wide, 36 or 44, or 1%
yard 44 if sleeves are slightly pieced, Y
yard 27 inches wide for trimming for
medium size. 6990, blouse or over waist
for misses and small women, 14. 16 and
18 years. 2 yards of material 27 or 36
inches wide, 1 34 yard 44 for 16 year size.
6972, Empire nightgown for misses and
small women, 14, 16 and 18 years. 434
yards of material 37 inches wide, 334
yards 44, 234 yards of beading, 2 34
yards of edging, for 16 year size. 6994,
child's dress closing at side front, 2, 4
and 6 years, with square or high neck,
short or long sleeves, to be worn with
or without a belt. 3 yards of material
27 inches wide, 2/ yards 36 or 44,
yard of embroidery, for 4 year size.
6989, six-gored skirt, 22 to 32 waist,
with high or natural waist line, with or
without trimming band. &Y yards of
material 27 inches wide, 434 yards 36,
434 yards 44 when material has figure
or nap, 6 yards 27, 4 yards 36, 334 yards
44 inches wide when material has
neither figure or nap, for the medium
size ; price of each 10 cents.
The Real Things of Home-making.
When I was yet young in this house¬
keeping business of mine, I made this
remark one day: “It does seem that,
no matter how hard I work, there is
so much that seems important left un¬
done.”
My mother answered : “And it will
be that way just as long as you have a
home.”
I thought her reply poor comfort at
the time, but I have been glad many
a time that she did not condole with
me, but gave me just the answer that
she did. It set me to thinking. I
realized that, in my zeal, I was making
a martyr of myself, and what I thought
was ambition and industry was liable to
become a restless discontent. I wanted
so much and thought that I, by con¬
stant activity and thought, could accom¬
plish all that l wished. My wants were
plausible, to be sure, as the results would
be benefiting others more than myself,
but when I “rested on my oars” a little
and thought the matter over, I began
to separate the essentials from the non-
essentials. I do not mean by non-essen¬
tials in the home, to class all things ex¬
cept those needed for existence and
actual comfort. William Morris ad¬
monished us to, discard all that was not
truly useful or beautiful, but just as
surely as one article may be of use to
one and not to another, so one may see
beauty in an object that does not appeal
to another. But our wants grow by
what they are fed upon, and one thing
calls for another. In the time we allow
for the accomplishment of certain
things, new ideas present themselves, and
we are in a harness.
These ambitions are laudable when it
is not required for their fulfillment that
a woman goads herself to tasks that
constantly tax her strength, or causes
her husband to be thrown into debt. The
end at which she is aiming — an ideal
home — is lost in the struggle. She has
worn away some of the sweetness of
her nature, and lacks the breadth of
mind that comes from social intercourse
and a certain amount of leisure. The
most pitiable part is that those for whom
she has labored do not always value the
motive, and see simply the over-worked
woman, who seems never to have time
to enjoy herself — and who really has not
the inclination? The self-effacing house¬
wife is not always the most appreciated.
I have a friend whose nature and de¬
termination have made her the loveliest
of home-makers. She has a husband
and two sons, keeps no help and lives
on a farm. Yet this woman manages
her work, so that after the supper dishes
are washed, she never takes sewing or
work of any kind in her hands. In the
evenings it is her plan to make herself
entertaining to her family. They read
and play and sing and have games. The
result is that the family circle is seldom
incomplete, and the boys are very slow
about sowing their wild oats. Instead,
they are proud to invite friends into
their home, confident of a pleasant time.
That woman is giving of herself in a
manner that makes her most beloved
and the sweet influence of such homes
travels we know not where. We owe of
our spirit, as well as the work of our
hands, to those about us, and when we
are gone, we shall be remembered longer
by our cheery smile and exchange of
thoughts, than by anything else. I do
not mean by these assertions that I like
to see work neglected, but I do dread
to see the craving for so much that keeps
a family in constant knowledge that
things material rule the home. Maga¬
zines with their enticing advertisements,
the alluring descriptions of modern de¬
partment-store offerings, must be read
discreetly.
It is quite seldom that a couple start¬
ing out in life are willing to make just
such a start as they can really afford. In
nine cases out of ten the girl receives no
such wholesome advice from her mother.
In our community we had an elopement.
It had to be so, for the girl left a fine
home against the wishes of her parents
to marry a very poor young man. It
was quite natural that both should have
wished to strain every nerve to make as
good a showing as possible, but God
blessed them with strong minds. They
rented just such a home as they could
afford, and furnished two necessary
rooms. When they saved enough money
they carpeted another room, then little
by little furnished it, and so on until
their home was neatly furnished. Never
once abashed, I think they really found
enjoyment in it all. Her parents, though
self-made people, thought she threw her¬
self away. We, as parents, often make
mistakes in instilling a false pride into
our children’s minds. The need is to
be fine and strong, unashamed of being
poor, but steadfast in a scorn of debt.
As I write, I can look about my living-
room and see quite a sum of money re¬
quired to made it measure up to my
sense of the artistic. Y’et it is com¬
fortable and, while I shall never give
up my ideals, I trust God will educate
me to know that devotion to one’s loved
ones means development in one’s self, a
subjugation of restless cravings, a gain¬
ing of poise and individuality, as well
as the performance of my physical tasks.
There seems to me no place so calculated
to develop individuality (not eccentricity)
as the farm home, and it is something
for our young people to realize and re¬
joice in. If William Brown is a poor,
unlettered man, and his son inherits
sturdy convictions of honor, he will no¬
where stand as good a chance of becom¬
ing a factor as in a rural community.
__________ b. S.
Life is not so short but that there is
always time enough for courtesy. —
Emerson.
A single grateful thought toward
heaven is the most complete prayer. —
Lessing.
ASK FOR
m
PRINTS
Cotton dress -goods that
are substantial are by far
the most economical because
they are ‘ ‘worthmaking up. ’ ’
Simpson-Eddystone
Prints
have been the standard cali¬
coes since 1842. The thor¬
oughness of the olden times
has been continuously main¬
tained. These fabrics are
still the same well -woven
cloths — with new and artis¬
tic designs ; and the deep
rich colors are fadeless and
enduring.
Show this advertisement to your
dealer when you order, and don’t
accept substitutes. If not in your
dealer’s stock write us his name
and address. We’ll help him sup¬
ply you.
| The Eddystone Mf g. Co., Philad’a
| Founded 1842 byWrnSimpson Sr.
The Improved MONITOR
MAKES IRONING EASY AND A PLEASURE
Pronounced “Tho World’s Best” by over 27.r>.000
satisfied customers. No hot stove — easy to ocerate.
Heat regulated instantly. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
Highest in quality -lowest in price.
Highly polished and nickel plated.
ACENTS WANTED.
Write tor catalogue and terms.
The Monitor Sad Iron Co.
28 Wayne SI., Big Prairie, 0.
HARTSHORN
SHADE ROLLERS
Bear the script name of
Stewart Hartshorn on label.
Get “ Improved,” no tacks required.
Wood Rollers Tin Rollers
Tens of Thousands
In Farm Kitchens
The Hoosier Kitchen
Cabinet gives you
more for your money
than any other cabi¬
net. Notice how
much MORE goes
with the Hoosier
with NO EXTRA
CHARGE:
Metal flour bin with
sliding glass panel and
removable sifter. Bin
holds 65 pounds. Self¬
feeding metal sugar
bin. When a scoop¬
ful is taken out the
same quantity drops
down. Six crystal
glass spice cans with
aluminum lids. Crys¬
tal glass tea and cof¬
fee jars with alumi¬
num lids. Hoosier
patent “clock-face”
want list. Great big
aluminum sliding
work tabic, larger and
higher than a kitchen
table. White wood cut¬
ting board for bread
and meat. Metal bread
and cake box. Plate
racks, slidlngshelf. big
cupboard, large com¬
partment for pots and
pans, cutlery drawer,
linen drawer, handy
hooks, copper door
fasteners and drawer
pulls.
The cabinet is 7054
inches high and 40
inches wide. The depth
of the lower section is
28 inches. The cabinet
is on pressed steel
ball bearing casters.
“Saves Miles of Steps for Tired Feet”
Nearly half a million Hoosier Kitchen Cabinets are in use today. Tens of thousands
of these are in farm kitchens, where they prove their biggest economy as time savers
and work savers.
Seven out of every ten Hoosier Cabinets are sold on the recommendation of satisfied
users. This we know from actual reports from Hoosier licensed agents. Women tell
us the Hoosier actually solves the help problem, reducing the kitchen work as much as
one hired helper would. When hundreds of thousands of women find the Hoosier such
a blessed relief why should you try to keep house without it?
Hoosier Cabinet
One Dollar a Week Puts This Cabinet in Your Kitchen
The Hoosier saves you the countless steps
you now have to take from the kitchen table to
the pantry— and to and from the shelves and
hooks. It saves you from reaching to high shelves.
It saves you from the back-breaking strain of stooping
over barrels and bins. It saves you the whole bother
of assembling a dozen things for your work. It brings
the kitchen utensils and materials to your finger tips.
Here in one spot 40 Inches wide you have nine-tenths
the articles you use in baking and cooking. Write us
and we will send you our EREE Illustrated Cabinet
Bonk. We will also tell you where you can see the
Hoosier. In nearly every community there is a Licensed Hoosier Agent. The 1
has the Hoosier License Sign in his window is a good man to know. Write today.
Hoo<%iPr NlaniifarturinP’ f'n ,Ion,c Office and Factory, J 5 Rich St., New Castle, Ind.
noosier manufacturing Go. gBn Frunt.i8eo Branch* a2S i»acUIc Building. (27>
World’s Largest Makers of Kitchen Cabinets
Mr. Husband:
You have riding plows and many farm
implements to make your work easy Have
you ever thought that your wife should
have a step saver for HER work? The old-
time kitchen table is as far out of date as
tho walking plow The Hoosier Kitchen
Cabinet saves as much labor in the kitchen
as the riding plow saves in tho field. Write
us NOW for our Kitchen Cabinet Book,
und learn how happy you can make your
wife with tho Hoosier.
The merchant who
Look for This Sign of the Licensed Hoosier Agent— a Good Man to Know
672
THE RT toaL N EW-YORKER
May 6,
Live Stock and Dairy
A “BACK TO THE LAND” COW.
I have read the cow story of F. N. B.,
Pine Bluff, N. C., on page 458. He
should not be discouraged. There are
stock farms in his State that will sell
him a good purebred cow at a fair
price, or Clemson College, S. C., can
put him in touch with good stock. A
good dairy cow ought to produce $65 to
$125 milk or butler a year, giving not
less than 30 pounds of milk per day, and
testing not less than five per cent butter
fat. Being a back-to-the-land man, I
know nothing about animals, but need¬
ing a cow I got in touch with a “re¬
liable” merchant in the nearby village
who had an “eight-year-old” for sale.
An experienced farmer acquaintance
pronounced the cow and its vendor
O. K. and trustworthy respectively. I
soon found I had been swindled, but
kept silent, thinking to repair the loss
by the “breeding-up” process, so had the
cow bred to the best bull on the country¬
side. In due time she dropped a likely
heifer calf, which was bred to a first-
class sire in season, which in turn pro¬
duced twin heifer calves. These calves
and their dam I kept until they were
nine months old, then realizing that these
animals would never more than pay for
their keep, sold them, getting $53 for the
four. Other cow experiences have been
just as interesting to me, and just about
as unprofitable — but not many of them,
for I studied the situation and mended
my methods, while losing my regard for
mankind, but not for the Jersey cow.
Tompkins Co., N. Y. e. f. w.
BREEDING UP HOLSTEIN COWS.
I have been raising Holstein cows for
the past 16 years and my father did on
the same farm some 12 years previous.
We milk about 40 cows and have found
purchasing very unsatisfactory, because
when a cow is for sale for less than the
cost of raising her there is evidently a
reason. She may have tuberculosis, she
may have some bad tricks, sbe may have
poor ancestors, or the habit of not pay¬
ing her board. I began managing the
farm on my own account March 1, 1896,
I have always kept the best registered
Holstein bull I could get and have raised
the heifers from the best cows. We
have weighed and recorded every quart
of milk from each cow every week, and
though progress has been slow it is en¬
couraging. I give you the actual sum¬
mary of the cows that stayed in the barn
and finish 52 weeks’ work for each year,
and you will not then wonder when the
heifers of my own raising began to
milk the average production raised.
1897
10
cows averaged for 52 weeks
ii ii (t 44
I.bs.
6,562
1898
32
5,890
189!)
39
it
it t 4 44
6,005
1900
20
n
it it ii
5,814
1901
23
ii
ii ii (4
5.626
1902
26
ii
ii a a
5,889
1903
38
ii
it ii a
5,238
1904
36
it
a a a
5,896
1905
34
it
a u a
6,096
1 906
27
it
it 41 44
6,434
3907
29
ii
ii 44 44
6,599
1 90S
25
it
44 44 44
7.350
1909
26
it
44 44 44
7,432
1910
22
“
44 44 It
7,725
If
I had kept
25 cows for 13
years
that
averaged as
good as my best
cows
I would have $20,000 profit for 13 years.
If I had kept 25 cows averaging with
my poorest, I would have $19.50 for
13 years work. a. j. pierpont.
Connecticut.
MORE EXPERIENCE WITH HORSE COM¬
PANIES.
Possibly the story of our experience with
horse companies will shed some light and
probably act as a smoothing trowel on tbo
subject. I believe that W. E. Duckwall, of
Ohio, strikes the keynote when he says it
is too bad that some communities will not
buy a good horse until a horse peddler
comes along. This one fact alone makes
tlie horse peddler a necessary evil for the
improvement of horses in far too many sec¬
tions of this country. Who will deny that
the breeders and importers are not a great
boon in improving the horses of this coun¬
try? The numerous horse breeding estab¬
lishments of this country cost millions upon
millions of dollars to supply the demand
and to keep up their breeding stock. These
breeders or establishments are compelled to
import from France and other foreign coun¬
tries a great number of breeding horses ;
consequently these foreign breeders set the
price that we must pay for horses of the
right quality and breeding. Now this should
not be the case. We can raise just as good
horses as any foreign country ; all we need
to do is to get the best, with right breeding
to begin with. Such stock will cost no
more to keep and will do as much work
as ordinary bred horses. Until we do this
the breeder will continue to import and
sell registered horses for the best price he
can get ; he has that right, and it seems to
be human nature to use such right.
What is a good registered draught horse
worth? W. B. Otto says he once sold a
Belgian for .$2600, agreeing to take 13
colts at five months old as part payment.
The writer is of the opinion that Mr. Otto
got those 13 colts on the clear, after allow¬
ing himself a reasonable profit on the horse
sold at $2600, and as a support to my opin¬
ion I will relate the experience I have had
with horse companies. Like Mr. Otto, I
have been through the mill too, but with
different results, as my grist was heavily
tolled. In March, 1902, about 25 farmers
here organized a stock company among our¬
selves for the purpose of purchasing two
rather good draught stallions, aged four
and five years. These horses had been
shipped out by one of the most prominent
stock farmers of Illinois. The agent was
already here with the horses, and priced
them at $1500 each. This price we agreed
to give, and gave the agent in payment
three $1,000 notes, payable in one, two and
three years, bearing interest from date.
The president of our new company endorsed
the notes, which made them as iron-clad as
anyone could wish. A short time, probably
six months after purchasing these horses,
we thought possibly we had paid too much
for them ; consequently we made the com¬
pany who held our $3,000 worth of notes
an offer of $2300 cash for them, which the
company accepted and was promptly paid
by us. I dare say $1100 or $1200 each will
buy good breeding stallions of right quality
from any of the prominent stud farms to¬
day. Why farmers will continue to pur¬
chase stallions from agents at anywhere
from $1800 to $3600 I cannot see. The
two horses purchased by us proved to be
noble breeders, and are now looking as well
as they did nine years ago. Neither one
has a blemish or missed a season during
this time. Their offspring attracts buyers,
who invariably come again. This section
of Virginia, with its Blue grass and river
bottom lands, is peculiarly adapted to the
raising of good horses, this fact being al¬
ready recognized by the U. S. Army officials,
who have established a remount station
here and are raising horses to supply the
regular army. c. u. s.
Front Royal, Va.
PIGS AND MOLASSES.
The enclosed was published in the Con¬
necticut Farmer. Perhaps you might think
it worth while to give it space, as it might
reach some who would be helped by it. The
article is a plain statement of facts.
Connecticut. geo. b. hyde.
R. N.-Y. — Mr. Hyde says that he moved
to a farm and wanted to keep a pig. He
hesitated because he thought milk was a
necessity and lie did not keep a cow. Then
he heard that molasses will take the place
of milk.
“In October I bought a pig seven weeks
old that was dropped September 5 ; four
week later bought one dropped September
7. I fed them one quart warm water, one
teaspoonful of molasses thickened with
wheat middlings; the second week I doubled
the molasses, and as they grew kept in¬
creasing water and feed until I was feed-
uig one quart of molasses per day for the
two pigs. March 23 I butchered one pig
that dressed 188 pounds. The pig would
have cost me 12 cents per pound, or $22.56.
The next morning a man drove into my
yard, saying that lie would get me 12 cents
for the other if I wished to sell it. It was
the larger of the two, but I intend to breed
it. The men I bought the pigs from said
I had beaten them all, and they have lots
of milk to feed, also corn. I figure the
cost of these pigs as follows :
DR.
i pig .
1 pig .
20 gals, molasses .
Corn .
. 5.00
. 3.00
. 1.20
Middlings .
Cormneal .
. 4.85
ctt.
188 lbs. pork at 12 cents .
Manure .
$29.25
. $22 . 56
$24.56
$4 . 69
“I now have one pig in the pen that will
dress 200 pounds, that has cost me $4.69.
1 have bought all the feed ; the only waste
from the house they had was potato and
apple parings. I have not fed swill, slops
or garbage, but good clean feed. I forgot
to mention that I found about one-half
bushel of charcoal on the place, giving them
a little each day.”
YOU Are Too Shrewd
To Miss This Chance.
SHARPLES
Tubular Cream Separator
Put Right Info Your Home
KTS JITK? Tell us you want to try The
■ World’s Best absolutely free.
The Tubular will be delivered at
your home, set up, started, left with
you for thorough, tree trial. You pay
no freight — pay nothing in advance —
go to no trouble— take no responsibility.
The trial will show you why Dairy Tu¬
bulars produce
twice the skim¬
ming force of
others,skimfaster,
twice as clean,
need no disks,
wear a lifetime,
are guaranteed
forever by Ameri¬
ca’s oldest
and world’s
biggest
cream sepa¬
rator con¬
cern.
We make this offer
simply to prove
these facts to you.
Tell us to deliver a Tubular to you— absolutely
free. You can afford the wear-a-lifetime Tubular.
You cannot afford any “mail order” or other
(so called) cheap separator that lasts one year
on the average.
Other separators (all makes) taken in part pay¬
ment f o r
new Tubu¬
lars. Write
for catalog
No. 153
THE SnARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, I*A.
Chicago, III., Snn Francisco, Cnl., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Con. Winnipeg, Can.
95
AND UP¬
WARD
AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
SENT ON TRIAL. FULLY
GUARANTEED. A new, well
made, easy running separator for
$15.05. Skims hot or cold milk;
heavy or light cream. Different
from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity ma¬
chines. The bowl is a sanitary
marvel, easily cleaned. Whether
dairy is large or small, obtain our
handsome free catalog. Address
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. BA.
Death ihe Stomach
,, Worms Guaranteed
Wo will send you 100 lbs. of 1)R.
HOLLAND’S DEDICATED STOCK
SALT on CO days’ trial freight
prepaid. If you derive no benefit,
it co8t« you nothing; If you do, It
costs you $5.00. Give us your or¬
der at ouce.
The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio.
II OH.SES
TIIE PEECHERON SOCIETY OF
AMERICA
Has 338 new members since December 1st, 1!)10,
exclusive of the 137 new members added by
taking over the Porcheron Registry Company,
Columbus, Ohio. More than 3500 stockholders
March 15th, 1911. The only recognized Perelieron
record. Good pure bred mares will do your farm
work and raise more valuable colts than grade
mares. For information address WAYNE
DINS M ORE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards.
Chicago, Ill.
CO Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
DU at farmers' prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefieid, (). Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Penna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
DAIRY CATTXiiE
REG. HOLSTEIN MALE CALVES
■ Closely related to champions of the world ■
at farmers’ prices. Fine individuals, nicely |
marked. Fifty per cent below value.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Write today. B
F. H. RIVENBURGH, HILLHURST FARM, MUNNSVILLE, N. Y.
“Si HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and host individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU. SOMERVILLE, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated. Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLST El N-FRI ESI AN ASS’N OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON. SEC- Y. BO X 105, BRATTLEBORO. VT.
Robinson’s HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON, JfiDMESTON, N. Y.
[ALLAMUCHY FARM HOLSTEINS
Wo offer well bred bull calves out of A. R. O.
dams at reasonable prices. Send for list before
placing your order. ALLAMUCHY, N. J.
Registered Holstein Bulls ^a^,u,s!3;
bulls from one month to 18 months of age. Best A.
R. O. breeding and individuality. State your wants.
JAKVIS BUGS. .... FI j creek, N. Y.
BULLS FOR SALE
We offer for sale at our farm at Earl-
ville, Madison County, New York: —
Ono Registered Guernsey Bull, age 1 year, 7 mos.
One Registered Brown Swiss Bull, age 1 year, 3 mos.
One Registered Brown Swiss Bull, ago3 years, 9 mos.
Address:
BORDKN’S CONDENSED MILK CO.
Earlville, Madison County, New York
W. C. Young, Supt.
FOR SALE-GRADE GUERNSEYS
Delmar, N. Y.
Jersey Bulls For Spring Service
From Son of " The Imported .Tap.” Danis are
Flying Fox, Financial King, Stoke Pogis, and
Combination Blood. Also Fertile Eggs from
Young’s S. C. W. Leghorns, Wrights W. W.van-
dottos, and Tuttle’s R. and S. O. R. I, Reds. $1.00
per 15, $5.00 per 100. Satisfaction guaranteed.
SlIELDONCROFT, Silver Lake, Pa.
Clias. B. Dayton, Supt.
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern’s Jubi¬
lee still heads tbo herd. What do you want?
Will also soil full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MOUSE, Hamilton, N. V.
COW COMFORT
V
Means additional profit. Simple
durable, easily locked. Foster
Steel 8 t u >i c h I o n a cannot be
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬
tom chains permit froo head move¬
ment, standing or lying down, yet
keep cattle lined up and clean.
Write for new booklet showing
model stables.
Foster Steel Stanchion Co.,
906 Ins. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.
pm I |C Dll DP — From imported stock. Females
UULLiL i U lu cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
SWIKTE
LARGE BERKSHIREvS
Not the cheapest, but llio best. Special offering of
Spring pigs, single or mated, for breeding. Cata¬
logue on application.
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg!:, Pa.
HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES
ter Boy, 82729. for sale cheap. OSWEGO RIVER
STOCK FARMS, Phoenix. New York.
Breed Up— Kot Down^T»ri«S3T2
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. It. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
SWIWE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelvo weeks old. of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENNYAN, N.Y
| ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-Special Offering
L of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $10.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
up. They should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity. H. C. 8 H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee. N. Y.
LARGE YORKSRIRE PIGS
Boars ready for service May Sl.UUtflbH
15, 1911. Clias. H. Emeus, Spring Hill Farm, Binghamton, N.Y.
FflR QAI C— One large Berkshire Boar Pig, $20;
lUn OnLL three large Berkshire Gelts, $15 each.
Also orders taken for pigs. ,8. C. \V. Leghorn Eggs,
$5 per hundred. GEO. L. FERRIS, Atwater. N.Y.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES." ^ tfS
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have l sows bred to farrow In July ; late, toser-
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WA1S0N, Pioprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
DUROO P1GiS,$8. White Buff Rocks and Leghorn
eggs, $2. Serene Wieks, DeGraff, Ohio.
SHELDON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex.
Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford. N. Y.
THE MOST MONEY FOR $1 INVESTED IN FOOD
HAS BEEN SECURED IN IMPARTIAL TRIALS FROM
THE GUERNSEY COW
Who won 1st prize in Greatest Profit in Butter Produc¬
tion. Greatest return for 81 invested in food. Best
color and flavor and the best score of Dairy Products
In the Pan American Model Dairy Breed Test. (The
only one where all dairy breeds were represented.)
The First Breed to Establish Advanced Register
ou Basis of Years Records with Public Supervision.
THREE GUERNSEY COWS
Led All Others in the Great
Iowa State Dairy Cow Contest
Full information by addressing
‘Ihe American Guernsey Cattle Club, DOLLY DIMPLE, ADV. K. ci«s.
Box R Peterboro, N. H. “The most remarkable heifer in the world.-
1911.
THE! RURAb NEW-VORKER
673
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading we enucavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeoi r.g mixtures of grains
and fodders. No delinite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. i!y “orotein” is meant tho
elements in the food which go to matte muscle or
loan meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found In
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
—a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbohydrates.
Ration for Guernseys.
Will you give me a balanced ration for
purebred Guernsey cows weighing about 900
pounds, part of which are fresh V We have
mixed clover hay, good silage and cobmeal.
Our cobmeal is as follows: Three bushels
of corn, 26 quarts of oats and 12 quarts of
India *vheat. We can got the following
grains at our local grain station : Linseed
meal, $2 per hundred; bran $1.(10; cotton¬
seed meal, $1.65; gluten, $1.45. We sell
our cream for butter purposes, w. c. c.
New Hampshire.
A good ration for your Guernseys
would be four pounds of the mixed cob
meal you mention, two pounds cotton¬
seed meal, one pound gluten feed and
two pounds wheat bran. This will make
nearly a balanced ration and produce a
good flow of milk. c. S. G.
Changing from Silage.
Will you give me balanced ration for
grade Holsteins? One-third of them fresh-
cued last Fall, the remainder about this
time. I have been feeding silage all Win¬
ter with mixture of ground feed. The sil¬
age I find will not last longer than April
20. I contemplate cutting my hay with sil¬
age cutter and steaming same, mixing corn-
meal with it. Will this lilan help me out?
I have oats and barley that I grind on tho
farm. I pay $24 for cornmeal ; $35 for
Ajax ; $35 for cotton-seed meal ; $27.30 for
ground buckwheat; also gluten can lie had.
New York. it. it. h.
When your silage is nearly gone dis¬
continue feeding it very gradually so the
change of feed will not seriously affect
your milk production. I do not think
it would pay you to cut and steam your
hay. I would prefer feeding it just a:?
it is, and if it contains a little clover
or Alfalfa so much the better. To take
the place of silage you could use some
dried beet pulp if available until grass
grows. If this is not available you
should feed about one pound of oil
meal per day to each cow in full flow
of milk. The remainder of the grain
ration should be composed about as fol¬
lows; Two pounds cotton-seed meal,
four pounds dried distillers’ grains, and
two pounds cornmeal or three pounds
oats and barley ground together. Regu¬
late the quantity according to the
amount of milk each cow is giving.
Ration for Work Horses and Mules.
Will you tell mo how to make a balanced
ration for work mules and horses? I have
shelled corn and oats, Alfalfa, mixed feed,
as follows: Brewers’ grains, oil meal, cane
molasses and Alfalfa, all ground up to¬
gether and mixed ; mixed hay and Alfalfa
hay. What proportion of this feed would
keep work stock up, that is, working hard
every day ? M. s. .
West Virginia.
I do not know that I understand
about the mixtures of feed you men¬
tion, but, as a rule, in feeding horses
and mules it is necessary to feed them
according to the work they are doing,
and their digestion must be kept in
proper condition at the same time. This
necessitates knowing something about
the composition of the different feeding
stuff's and their effects upon the animals
fed. I would use corn, oats and brew¬
ers’ grains mixed about equal parts for
the principal grain feed. As oil meal,
cane molasses and Alfalfa all have a
loosening effect only enough of these
feeds should be fed to keep the horses
and mules from becoming constipated.
This can easily be determined after a
little experience, but it will be found
that different animals are affected dif¬
ferently and the nature of the work
performed also has its influence, so the
skill of the feeder must be relied upon
to a great extent to determine the dif¬
ferent proportions which it is safe and
proper to feed. C. S. G.
Value of Oat Hay.
J. J. P., Skotchegan, Me. — I think about
sowing some oats to cut green for bay. I
have been told that it would cause cows
to drop their calves ahead of time. Is
this so? Is it all right to feed to horses
and sheep?
Ans. — You need have no fear of feed¬
ing oat hay to cows. I do not think
there is the slightest danger of this
fodder causing cows to lose their calves.
Oat hay is fed by many experienced
dairymen, and I have fed it with good
results and never noted any ill effects.
It is not as valuable as clover as a milk
producer, but is somewhat ahead of
Timothy. It should he fed out early in
the Winter, if possible, as it is likely to
be badly injured by mice and rats if
remaining long in the mow. Oats and
peas sown together make a more pala¬
table and nutritious hay than oats alone,
although somewhat harder to cure. This
mixture should be cut when the oats are
in the milk stage. This hay, as well as
clear oat hay, is good for horses and
sheep; in fact, for wintering idle horses
it makes almost an ideal ration. I would
sow 'somewhat thicker than if the grain
were allowed to ripen. In cutting with
a reaper you would have the advantage
of a cleaner fodder, for the hunches are
thrown one side, leaving a clear track
for the horses and machine next time
around. Running over them with a
mower and afterwards raking with a
horse rake would be sure to mix a cer¬
tain amount of soil and dust with the
hay. c. s. m.
ALFALFA MAKES GOOD STOCK.
Since the advent of Alfalfa in our State
there has come new development in stock.
Particularly is this true in hogs and cattle
among the purebreds. Alfalfa, which is
now grown on almost every farm through¬
out the central and eastern portion of our
State, is recognized as one of the greatest
feeds in compounding a balanced ration for
farm animals ever discovered ; especially
has it aided in a better bone and muscle
development, consequently larger growth.
We notice larger hogs here than Past,
of the same breeds. On my own farm,
where 1 breed purebred hogs and cattle, I
am of late years getting more size, which
is an important fa-etor. especially where
quality is still maintained. Our Red-Polled
cattle are larger, especially the females,
than the same breed In Eastern States. The
same is true of our Phland-China swine;
a large per cent of the ration for our hogs
especially for the broods sows and young
animals Is Alfalfa. For hogs I grind the
Alfalfa nearly as fine as shorts are ground
at the grist mill. I have my own cutter
and grinder, run with gas engine power.
While in the more densely populated dis¬
tricts of the Eastern States, stock growing
and general farming is conducted on differ¬
ent principles, especially regarding the cat¬
tle industry as more dairying is done, yet
where any sort of a dual-purpose cow is
used it is essential that growth be a con¬
sideration. as well as milk development.
Wheat, oats, corn and hay are produced,
as well as various kinds of live stock, such
as horses, cattle, sheep and swine. It Is a
section where diversified farming or mixed
husbandry Is the rule, aud great interest is
taken in producing good live stock, espe¬
cially cattle and hogs. Three • considera¬
tions in the later are paramount, size, pro¬
lificacy and quality. The first is an out¬
standing improvement over the eastern
breeder, in the lard or fat-back breeds, such
as Polffnd Chinas, Durocs and Berkshires,
which are the three mostly grown.
. Nebraska. sam m’kelvie.
Tax on Milk. — In England a very large
share of the public revenues is raised from
income taxes. All sorts of devices arc prac¬
ticed to increase taxable property. For ex¬
ample, not long ago dairy farmers began
to receive a circular instructing them to tell
how much money they received from tho sale
of milk as distinct from other farm prod¬
ucts. Upon hunting up the matter, the law¬
yers found that the English law states that
when any land occupied by a dealer in cat¬
tle is not sufficient for the maintenance of
the cattle kept on said lands, so that the
rent as annually valued cannot afford a just
estimate of the profits, the collector may
call for a return of such profits and the
charge. The idea is that if the farmer kept
more cows than his land would properly
support and buys grain and hay to feed
them, tho government could collect taxes on
the surplus’ that is, upon the extra milk
sent away from the farm above what the
land itself may bo said to produce. Here
is a new wrinkle in taxation. The farmers
are getting around it by claiming that they
buy the extra grain and hay in order to
keep up the fertility of their ‘land.
“Come Back.”* — As for Missy, of the Glen,
why cannot she “come back?” I note iu
a recent issue of The R. N.-Y. a quotation
from the New England Homestead, stating
that in establishing these high records, ani¬
mals are driven almost to the breaking
point, and their permanent welfare is prac¬
tically forfeited for the temporary gain. Is
this so? Did not .Tacoba Irene come hack
when she produced 42,064 pounds 14.4
ounces milk with butter fat equivalent to
make 2,755 pounds 3.8 ounces butter 83
per cent fat, all iu 37 continuous months
from December 19, 1905, to January 25,
1909? She calved on May 22, 1904, De¬
cember 11, 1905, December 19, 1906, and
January 24, 1908, and all calves have been
registered. w. f. k.
Ohio.
Consider the Profit.— I am tho only
breeder of purebred animals in this section
aud I hardly feel myself competent to tell
anyone how to improve his herd. 1 have
been breeding for 10 years, and while I
know I have made some advance, I have
failed in getting my ideal, but my experi¬
ence has been that to make any advauce is
to buy as good a sire as possible and breed
to the best cows. I think a great many
make a mistake in trying for large yields
and not looking closely enough to the eco¬
nomical side of production. I ‘ have cows
that will make butter fat for 11 cents a
pound, and some will go as high as 17 cents,
so. while we must work for quality, we
must not forget to see what it js costing.
I would rather have a cow that would make
me a pound of fat a day and show a profit
than one that will make me two pounds
and show a loss. I have been through the
little red cow period, and know that while
some will give a large llow for a while, they
are apt to go dry about four or five months
in the year. henry w. evans.
Maine.
Dried Beet Pulp Has Made Good
The reports below show how YOU can increase your milk production — show how YOU can
make more money from every cow you own and cut down your present feeding expenses. The re¬
ports shown here are but a few of thousands. And each each one of these practical dairymen purchased
their trial of Dried Beet Pulp on a POSITIVE GUARANTEED BASIS, the same as you may do.
See how the Dried Beet Pulp ration increased the milk supply from day to day. Here’s the proof:
Read How it is Increasing the Milk Production
Dried Beet Pulp vs. Bran
Before Using
While Using
Dried Beet Pulp
Dried Beet Pulp
Day’s Ration
Day’s Ration
5 lbs, BRAN
5 lbs. DRIED BEET PULP
21 lbs. G-luten
2J lbs. ( J I ii t o ii
2} lbs. Middlings
[24 lbs. Middlings
1 lb. Oil Meal
1 ib. Oil Meal
Mixed Hay— Dry Fodder
Mixed Hay— Dry Fodder
Milk Produced — 20 Cows
February 1-400 lbs.
February 8— 410 lbs.
“ 2—410 IDs.
“ 9—415 IDs.
“ 3-400 ll>s.
“ 10 417 11)3.
“ 4-408 lbs.
“ ll—4251hs.
“ 5-410 lbs.
" 12-431 ibs.
6-405 lhs.
“ 13-435 lhs.
“ 7-400 lhs.
“ 14-440 lhs.
Signed,
JOHN WILLIAMS,
-
White Haven, Pa.
Dried Beet Pulp vs. Silage
Before Using
While Using
Dried Beet Pulp
Dried Beet Pulp
Day’s Ration
Day’s Ration
20 lhs. ENSILAGE
4 lhs. DRIED BEET PULP
4 lhs, Corn ami Oats
4 lbs. Corn and Oats
4 lhs. Gluten
4 lhs. Gluten
16 lbs. Hay
16 lbs. Hay
Milk Produced - 1 Cow
January 19—36 ibs.
January 26—37 lhs.
“ 20 26 lbs.
27—37 lhs.
“ 21— 37 lbs.
“ 28-38 Ibs.
“ 22—36 lbs.
“ 29-40 Ibs.
“ 23-37 lhs.
“ 30—41 IDs.
“ 24 36 IDs.
“ 31—43 lhs.
“ 25 36 lbs.
February 1—43 lbs.
COMMENTS:— To any person interested in BeetPulnT
can safely say it, is a good milk
producer and J have used it
on ten cows and have raised the llow of milk from 4 to 7 lhs
a cow. This cow lias been in milk three months and it gave
her a test of 5.8. Signed,
It. L. EVERY, Delhi, N. Y.
Dried Beet Pulp vs. Several Feeds
Before Using
While Using
Dried Beet Pulp
Dried Beet Pulp
Day’s Ration
Day’s Ration
6 ibs. Mill Feed
4 IDs. DRIED BEET PULP
1 Ib. Cotton Seed, 41cS Pro.
5 lhs. Mill Feed
1 lh. Oil Meal, O. 1‘.
1 lb. Cotton Seed Meal
21 lbs. Alsike Clover
19 lhs. Alsiko Clover
Milk Produced— 5 Cows
March 9—124} lbs.
March 23—139 lbs.
" 10—125} lbs.
“ 24—140 Ibs.
" 11 — 123} lbs.
25—142 Ibs.
“ 12 125 lbs.
“ 26-142 lbs.
“ 13-126 lhs.
“ 27—144 lhs.
“ 14-125 lhs.
“ 28—143 lbs.
“ 15-124 lbs.
29-144 lbs.
COMMENTS: — If I hadn’t gained a pound of milk 1 would
he ahead by feeding Beet Pulp,
as my cows look and feel so
much better. 1 am also feeding l lb. a day to some heifers
that will soon freshen and can almost see their bags grow. It
is just like June pasture. Signed, 1< RANK L. BAKER,
Wellsboro, Pa.
Dried Beet Pulp as an Addition to Ration
Before Using
Dried Beet Pulp
Day’s Ration
3 lbs. Sugarine
3 lbs. Gluten
2 lbs. Hominy
Hay
While Using
Dried Beet Pulp
Day’s Ration
3 lbs. Sugar! no
3 lbs. Gluten
2 lbs. Hominy
Ulbs. DRIED BEET PULP
Hay
Milk Produced — 13 Cows
January 10—275 lbs. January 19-285 lbs.
1 1— 275 lbs. “ 20—296 lbs.
12— 273 lbs. “ 21-300 lbs.
13— 274 lbs. •' 22-295 lbs.
14— 278 lbs. “ 23-322 lbs.
15— 270 lbs. “ 24— 323 lbs.
16— 270 lbs. “ 25— 327 1 its.
COMMENTS:— In regard to the feeding of Dried Beet
Pulp, I have to say that my cows have done a great deal better
since feeding Dried Beet Pulp than before. My cows were
bothered with indigestion until I began feeding the Pulp,
Since then I have not had any trouble. The feed has been
worth nearly one-half the price for the condition of mv cows
Signed, LESLIE THOMPSON,
Delhi, N. Y.
We Guarantee You Satisfaction or Give You
If you have not already tested Dried Beet Pulp we make it easy
for you to try it. Where a local dealer sells Dried Beet Pulp all you
need to do is to get a sack, mix from three to five pounds in any
properly balanced ration, (note the reports above for good result¬
getting mixtures) cutting out an equivalent amount of grain
or roughage, and if by the time the sackful i9 used up the results
are not satisfactory you can go to the dealer and GET YOUR MONEY BACK.
Every dealer has our authority to sell you a sack on this guarantee.
If no dealer is near you, we will be glad to make a direct shipment on the same
guarantee. Use one sackful and if not satisfied report to us. We will return the
entire purchase price and take back the unused sacks. Write us at once. Here’s a
coupon. Fill it out NOW and mail it at once.
The Larrowe Milling Co., 632 Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich-
Your Money Back
r™ COUPON
I The Larrowe Milling Co.
632 Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
(I’m interested in your claims, and I wish you
would give me the exact cost of Dried Beet Pulp
delivered to my station. Also send me a copy of
your hook “Feeding for Larger Profits,” and small
mail sample.
I My dealer’s name it ... . .
I His address is . . .
My name it .
I Town . State .
Railroad Station .
574
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
May G,
THAT CELEBRATED GUERNSEY CASE.
Did Missy Give Nine Per Cent Milk ?
Part IV.
Did I understand you to say that a
“ doctored ” five per cent milk analyzed
about the same as this sample of Missy’s
milk ? J. L. \v.
You did. You have seen what Prof.
Smith found in the sample said to be
given by the cow Missy. You will re¬
member that this cow, when watched by
outside parties, gave a milk containing
about five per cent of fat. A sample of
normal milk containing about five per
cent fat was taken. To this was added
sufficient cream to give just about the
same analysis as Missy’s milk showed.
See how close they come to it :
“Missv’s
Milk with
Milk.”
Cream Added
Total solids .
_ 17. SI
17.97
Fat .
9.1
Solids, not fat. . .
... 8.83
S.S7
Ash . .
. . . . 0.686
0.68
Proteids .
_ 3.44
3.67
No one has yet shown a sample of
normal milk like that claimed for this
cow. Yet we see that it is easily matched
by adding cream to just about such milk
as the inspectors found Missy giving.
You will remember that this special
committee engaged Prof. Sherman to
hunt up abnormal samples of milk to
demonstrate that this “liquid butter ’
from Missy* was possible. He found
some odd samples, as we have shown,
yet in summing up the case Prof. Sher¬
man says convincingly on page 67 of the
report: “In none of these cases here
given, whether normal or abnormal, do
we find a distribution of constituents
such as would result from the addition
of cream to ordinary milk.”
Yet as we show above cream actually
added to normal milk almost exactly
duplicated Missy’s “liquid butter.” In
addition to this the leading dairy experts
of the country agree that Missy’s milk
plainly indicated that such addition of
cream had been made. Yet in the face
of all this that special committee actu¬
ally said in its report:
“There is no evidence, however, to
shozv that cream zvas added to the milk,
or that it zvas, in any zvay, deliberately
tampered zvith.”
It is now up to the committee to stand
up and say what they call evidence if
this is not, or what proof they ask for
that this milk is suspicious, if these
opinions and this sample is not suen
proof? We venture to say there is not
one of them who if on a grand jury
would not hold a man for trial when
such evidence was offered. W hy then
whitewash the cow or rather her hand¬
lers ?
As we have stated, the great argument
or excuse made to explain these re¬
markable tests is that the cow was suf¬
fering from foot rot. Grant, for the
sake of argument, that the cow was ac¬
tually sick November 26 to 30, what sort
of milk would be expected from her?
We saw last week the sort of milk
which sick cows give in three samples
from the German chemist Timpe. There
were three samples from cows sick with
foot rot — all containing nearly twice as
much fat as normal German milk, and
all with more solids not fat than of
actual fat. Now. if this is the effect of
foot rot, how did it happen that Missy
gave milk containing 4.89 per cent fat
when sick and 8.98 per cent when she
was considered well, two days later ?
The poor cow ought to have known the
rule laid down by that committee that
sick cows ought to give milk higher in
fat! Or perhaps some one thought that
since “there is but one Missy of the
Glen” it would be very hard on the cow
and her owner to let that test drop from
9.07 in October to 4.89 in November !
You can see for yourself what great
things may be accomplished by putting
a little cream into a sample of five per
cent milk !
Look at it any way you like — can you
get away from the suspicion that this
sample of milk which was to form the
basis for a great test was a fake sample?
Do you believe after these figures and
expert opinions that Missy produced
milk containing 8.98 per cent of fat on
that day or on any other day? She did
not do it when carefully watched by the
experts, and you can now readily see
why we insist that the cow must “come
back” with some of that nine per cent
milk before the suspicion is wiped, out.
We think this committee should have
taken the bull, or the cow, by the horns
and plainly stated that while these sus¬
picious circumstances surrounded the
test, it must not become a part of offi¬
cial Guernsey history. That is the feel¬
ing of a large majority of the Guernsey
breeders. When it becomes evident that
breeding injunctions is more profitable
than breeding cows the Guernsey Cattle
Club would far better go out of busi¬
ness. Who do the Guernsey breeders
think will have any respect for their
tests or “advanced registry” if they are
obliged to admit that their star perform¬
ance is a judge-made record by a cow
tied to a grave suspicion?
LIVE STOCK IN THE SOUTH.
Not until a few years ago did the South¬
ern people give any attention to the live
stock industry. We are now waking up
to the opportunities of the South, and I
am looking forward within the next few
years to see a great improvement. We
have improved our herd of dairy cows by
keeping a record and weeding out the
boarders. We are now trying to improve
on their ancestors by introducing new
blood and keeping the heifer calves from
the best cows. w. d. byrd.
South Carolina.
Pig Experience. — I am a mechanic em¬
ployed in a local factory; also am a would-
be farmer. I have a place of about seven
aeVes on outskirts of city. About two years
ago I conceived the idea of raising pigs,
so got one along in June. I had good suc¬
cess, butchered in late November, hog weigh¬
ing in neighborhood of 250 pounds, and nice
pork. I thereupon bought a pair, sow and
barrow (now keep an eye on the sow). This
sow was smallest of litter, but as she grew
and thrived and nearly caught up to the
barrow in size I resolved to go the limit
in a small way in the pig business, so at
about eight months old I bred her with the
idea, if I found anything in it, of selling
the pigs, saving a couple of sows from the
litter and fattening the old one in Fall.
Right here is where the joke comes in. The
?ow farrowed 11 nice healthy pigs, but not
i female in litter. Did any reader ever
Know of similar litter? Sow is due to pig
again in two weeks. r. d. n.
New Britain, Conn.
When you write advertisers mention The
It. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
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COUCH, DISTEMPER /\||nF>
AND INDIGESTION wUIXEL
The firsjor second $1.00 can cures Heaves. The third
can is guaranteed to cure
_ The Standard Veterinary Remedy.
Makes the Morse Strong and Willing to Work.
CURES HEAVES BY CORRECTING THE CAUSE
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and Blood. X ewton’sissaf ef or colt, adultor mare in foal
A GRAND CONDITIONER AND WORM EXPELLER
$1.00 n con ut dcnlers, or express prepaid
THE NEWTON KEMEDY CO., Toledo, Ohio
For Lame Horses.
J Remove- All positively cures Sprains,
Ringbone, Curb, Shoe Boils, Capped
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REMOV-ALL
Sold on money-back guarantee.
Le'ves horses sound and un-
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less than three weeks with
Adams Rapid Lump- Jaw Cure
Easy to use. Guaranteed. Write
for FREE TREATISE on cur*
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H. C. ADAMS MFG. CO.
Dept. 50, Algona, Iowa
“Save-The-Horse’ Spavin Cure.
RfXkJTtADE— HAR&
SOUND
THE urgency of speeay success means all in all to
every owner of an unsound horse to use a remedy
tnnt will not fail. Investigate, abandon vicious and
uncertain methods and turn to “Save-The-Horse.”
bavo-rhe-Horse is sold with a signed, legally
binding contract, which positively protects purchaser.
± or 15 years it has been the foundation on which nearly
every man based his confidence in making his first
purchase, and it has never been violated.
p. P. D. No. 2, Marshalltown, la., Dec. 10, 1910.
Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N. Y. r My contract No. was
63736. I used your remedy on a mulo that was kicked on the
hock, tho whole joint enlarged. It was the size of a child’s
v d* i 110 wol>!d not Pufc his foot on tho ground. His hip was
shrunken to skin and bone. One of tho state veterinaries and
others said ho would not bo worth a sou. I gave a pig and 50c
for him and used tho bottle of ^Save-Thc-Horso*’ as directed,
and now ho is sound. It is wonderful stuff. W. S. HAYNES.
$5.00 'a Bottle With Signed CONTRACT.
This is a binding CONTRACT and protects purchaser ab¬
solutely in treating and curing any case of Bone and Bog Spavin,
Thoroughpin, Ring-bone (except low). Curb, Splint, Capped Hock, Wind-
?jjoeboil. Injured Tendons and all Lameness. No scar or loss of
hair. ' Horse works as usual. Send for copy of contract,
booklet on all lameness and letters from prominent business
men, bankers, farmers and horse owners the world over on
every kind of case. At all druggists and dealers, or express paid.
Troy Chemical Co., 24 Commercial Ave., Binghamton, N. Y.
Harness and Saddle Galls
Great hot weather remedy for galls, sore
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with horsemen. Cures while horse works. Sold
by dealers ; money back if it fails. Send 5c
(for postage and packing) and get sample
and 84-page valuable horse book.
Blckmore Gall Cure Company
Box 282 Old Town, Maine
/^BSORBINE
from
I STOPS
_ LAMENESS
a Bone Spavin, Bing; Bone,
Splint, Curb, Side Bone or similar
trouble and gets horse going sound. Does
not blister or remove the hair and
horse can be worked. Page 17 in pamphlet
with each bottle tells how. $2.00 a bottle
delivered. Horse Book 9 E free.
ABSOKB1NE, JR., liniment for man¬
kind. Removes Painful Swellings, Enlarged
| Glands, Goitre, Wens, Bruises, Varicose
Veins, Varicosities, Old Sores. Allays Pain.
Will tell you more if you write. $1 and $2 a bottle
at dealers or delivered. Manufactured only by
W.F.Y0UNG. P.D. F.. 88 Temple St., Springfield.Mass.
EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION
Warranted The Best. 30 Days’ Triad
Unlike all others. Stationary when open
Noisei.ess Simple Sanitary Durable
The Wasson Stanchion Co.,
Box 60, Cuba, N. Y.
ROBERTSON’S C If A T N'
HANGING STANCHIONS
“I have used them for more
than TWENTY YEARS, and they
have given the very best of satis¬
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Justus H. Cooley, M.D., Plainfield
Sanitarium, Flainfield, N. J.fc
Thirty days’ trial on application
O. II. UOUERTSOX
Wash. St., Forestville, Conn.
rmiMD'C IMPROVED
tdKUmD O WARRINER
STANCHION
Henry H. Albertson, Burl¬
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new Stanchions add greatly
to the comfort of my cows.’’
WHY TORTURE
yours with rigid stanchions?
Send for specifications
of inexpensive yet sani¬
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WALLACE B. CRUMB, Box MB, Forcstvlllc, Conn.
Send Us 50 Cents TODAY for Box of
Labaree’s Hoof Ointment
A wonderful remedy for softening and growing the hoof of
the horse. A positive and speedy cure for Quarter Crack,
Contracted or Di hllurd Feet, Cracked Heels. Speed Cracks,
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FREE- Book on Treatment of Wounds
■ of Domestic Animals.
VERMONT DRUG CO., Bellows Falls. Vt.
NSO
DR. HESS Poultry PAN-A-CE-A
Makes Poultry Keeping Pay
No doubt of it! Thousands who began in a humble way, with a few hens and "The Dr. Hess Idea”
of feeding, are to-day making good money from poultry.
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eggs instead of passing off as waste matter.
Experience has abundantly proved that the use of
DR. HESS Poultry PAN-A-CE-A
in small daily doses in the soft feed (a penny’s worth feeds 30 fowls one day) does, and will, vastly increase the produc¬
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1% lbs. 25c; mall or express 40c; 5 lbs. 60c; 12 lbs. $1.25; I
25 lb. pail $2.50. Except in Canada and Extreme West and South.
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Send 2c. for Dr. Hess 43- page Poultry Book Free.
ami.
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w
p r*
|\R Ak I ATlf *S Suaranteed ■ That means it must and will make your milch cow
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show finer condition or you get your money back. No live stock owner can afford to be without Dr. Hess Stock Food
Feed twice a day in small doses. Sold on a written guarantee.
100 lbs. $5.00; 25 lb. pail $1.60. Except in Canada and extreme West and South.
Smaller quantities at a slight advance. Z
Send 2c. for Dr. Hess Slock Book Free.
INSTANT LOUSE KILLER KILLS LICE
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
675
RECIPROCITY AND NEW ENGLAND
MILK.
The effect of the reciprocity treaty with
Canada will be to drive farmers over into
the free trade fold as a necessary law of
self-preservation, that they may buy in the
same free trade market that they sell in.
Those who are thinking the problem
through are unable to perceive any ethical
distinction between robbery under the form
of law and robbery out of legal forms.
They regard the sale of their products in
markets open to the farm products of other
nations as free trade markets for their
products and their compulsory purchase in
our market, the highest tariff mar¬
kets of the world, as a monstrous policy
of inequity, and feel that the policy is one
of deliberate sacrifice of the country to the
town upon the cool proposition that it is
a natural right of the town to an indefinite
amount of free service on the part of far¬
mers, while it is its privilege by law to
create artificial prices for its products. It
is just this and nothing less when reduced
to its real terms.
Now as to milk. It is asserted by stu¬
dents of the milk problem in Massachusetts
that under the working of the Saunders
law, that made one price per can for the
shipment of milk, whether by the single
can or by the carload, milk can be shipped
from Canada for less than it can be from
Massachusetts points. The railroads in¬
creased the can rates to the basis of single
can rate cost, raising the old time trans¬
portation cost by two cents per can. It is
stated that car lots of milk can be shipped
from Canada for four cents per can, while
but a moderate distance out of Boston the
rates rapidly rise to six cents per can.
But this four-cent rate is plain freight
rates without icing, and is workable only
in Winter ; the Summer costs must neces¬
sarily be more. This distant milk will
mainly act as a club in the hands of the
contractors. As the Canadian farmer
buys in a lower tariff country and
hires labor cheaper these combined
conditions appear to be and are de¬
cisively against the New England pro¬
ducer, and more particularly against Mas¬
sachusetts producers, since the Saunders
law is a Massachusetts law. This law was
aimed at the so-called milk trust, but thus
far has not met the expectations of its
friends. It has, however, disturbed the
three great milk contracting firms control¬
ling Boston markets, since several inde¬
pendent shippers have entered the market
and gathered a large amount of trade, while
some individuals have shipped direct. The
Saunders law is a by-product of the great
milk strike of last year. This strike was
tremendously costly to the contractors, and
still is entailing cost to them. To an in¬
terested onlooker it appears that the con¬
tractors are trying to shake off the inde¬
pendent concerns that came in with the
strike. In any event they have failed to
carry out the letter of their contract that
covered April of this year and have made
the startling reduction of 10 cents per can
for this month, and apparently are deter¬
mined to maintain the lowest milk rates
for the Summer that have occurred for
several years. They appear to be feeling
their way to a 25-cent rate per can of
8% quarts. The upshot of it all is that
the milk market has not been as demoralized
for a long time as now. It is proper to
state that there appears to be a large sur¬
plus of milk on the Boston market, the
market that regulates our New England
markets. Singularly enough the receipts of
milk for this market have steadily fallen off
since the strike, many farmers never return¬
ing to the contractors notwithstanding the
great rise in price then achieved. Roughly,
this decline in Boston receipts of milk is
from 25 to 30 per cent. The reduction of
milk supply does not tally with increased
surplus on the market, and some hint that
the statistics are doctored. Perhaps a bet¬
ter solution is found iu the fact that dur¬
ing the limited supply of milk during the
strike many turned to condensed milk, and
others learned to do without it, while the
hard times has been a factor. Farmers
are not planning to produce as much milk
as formerly. Some are dropping out of
production for the milk market since the
reduced rates have been made, while others
are waiting to ascertain whether this re¬
duction is merely momentary. In the sec¬
tion that I am familiar with, if rates thrown
out as feelers are attempted to be realized
by the contractors there will be a great
falling off in the number of milk producers
while many more will reduce production.
Boards of health, yellow journalism, the
contractors, consumers and to some extent
producers have for over a decade kept the
milk problem in nearly continuous agita¬
tion. Many of our farmers have come to
prefer the repose of other production at
less profit than milk production with con¬
tention and shifting and uncertain prices.
Unless freer trade and lower goods and
labor for the farmer come in a return to
old or later years satisfactory prices will
ere long occur. The marked reduction of
food prices that has taken place during
the past year, due to a combination of
causes, good world crops and intense public
clamor and a ready ear to it by manipu¬
lators of the market and political dema¬
goguery that would ride into office upon
it, which seeks to compel farmers to pro¬
duce at less than the world's normal prices
will give way to the normal. The truth is
as is well shown by statistics, consumption
is pressing closer on the heels of produc¬
tion, and this movement is growing year
by year more tense, and will in spite of tem¬
porary eddies assert its imperative eco¬
nomic power. The more unfair influences
make the town end of life artificially allur¬
ing, correspondingly depressing the country,
the longer will continue the cityward move¬
ment of population, and the urgency of
demand for food. Our statesmen have got
hold of the wrong end of the problem, and
are dealing with palliatives that weaken the
patient. For the time cheaper farm prod¬
ucts from Canada will depress our markets,
and when its work is done the cry will
again rise for cheaper farm products from
Argentina and South America, and we seem
doomed if the reciprocity treaty passes, to
a lower rate for milk. But as the problem
is a world one, and as this country sells
hundreds of millions of dollars of farm
products in Europe annually, thus largely
fixing our home prices, it will be seen de¬
pressed markets for farm products can be
but momentary, and milk will be the first
to rally from the shock, since it is the last
that farmers care to raise under all its
great handicaps. In the meanwhile I feel
sure that our farmers will decline to raise
milk on low rates. j. w. sanborn.
New Hampshire.
There are three farmers who peddle their
milk ; they get eight cents per quart, as
far as I know. One man might be selling
for seven cents per quart. There are no
wholesale dealers here. The supply is hard¬
ly equal to the demand in Summer, but in
the Winter it is sufficient. Poultry, espe¬
cially chickens, are occupying the attention
of a good many people here, and some good
results are obtained ; others arc experiment¬
ing with small flocks, hoping to branch out
into larger flocks after learning the business.
Saybrook Point, Conn. b. h. c.
The J. R. Whipple Co. have a large milk
farm here, keeping about 400 head of
Guernsey and Ilolsteins. Part of the milk Is
set to Boston to three or four large hotels
every day, and the rest is made into butter
at their creamery here, which is also sent
to the hotels in Boston. Besides their milk
they buy from the farmers for a radius of
20 miles, paying for cream about $1.40 for
8%-quart cans and an average of 40 cents
for milk in 8%-quart cans. They receive
from the farmers alone over 500 cans of
milk and 100 of cream daily. I have one
cow that freshened last July and is giving
12 quarts now. I am getting 45 cents per
can, and I know some who are getting
higher, so I do not see that we have an.v
kick about our part of the dollar. Good
fresh cows range from $55 to $90, and 1
saw one a while ago that sold for $97, a
three-can cow (not from Florida, though).
Year-olds sold at an auction yesterday for
$20, and two years to come in next Fall for
$28 to $40. March pigs are selling from $3
to $4.50 each. Dressed hogs are selling for
10 cents a pound, the whole hog. We can
buy skim-milk to grow calves and pigs from
the creamery for four cents per 8%-quart
cans. Eggs are at the bottom now, selling
for 18 cents at the store. I am a back-to
the-land man, but for the first year I can
say progress, and will say more later, but
anyway, no dusty city for mine.
New Boston, N. II. b. f. r.
Following is the account of the dairy in¬
dustry for Prince Edward Island, Canada :
Milk supply for cheese, 34,818,286 pounds ;
for butter. 14,920,624 pounds; net value to
patrons, $405,345.36. There were 3,346,428
pounds of cheese made and 638,137 pounds
of butter. It cost $2.31 per pound to
manufacture cheese and $4.95 per pound
for butter. The dealers are paying the
following prices ; Oats, 34 to 37 cents ;
potatoes, 40 cents; pork, 7% cents; eggs,
16 cents ; hay, $7 to $8. a. w. g.
Kensington, Prince Edward Island.
YOU CAN SAVE HALF
OR MORE ON A MACY CREAM SEPARATOR
When you buy a Cream Separator you
want a machine which guarantees skim¬
ming to a trace; which cleans easily;
which may be operated with so little
effort that a child may run it; one so
carefully built that it will last practically
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a price you can easily afford to pay.
The Macy Cream Separator will fill every
requirement. Thousands of dairy farmers
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is rapidly displacing the widely advertised
Cream Separators sold at two and three
times its price.
We want you to get our story. We
want you to know the Macy Cream
Separator. It will add from $15.00 to
$20. 00 per cow per annum to your profits.
It will pay for itself in just a few months,
and give you better service and more
lasting service than any other Cream
Separator manufactured, no matter what
the name, make or price.
Do not be misled by the claims made on behalf of
other Cream Separators. Do not be influenced by the
sneers and insinuations of the manufacturers of the
old-style Cream Separators wTio are constantly attack¬
ing those manufacturers and dealers who are selling
more up-to-date machines.
Learn the Truth
Investigate for yourself. American Farm Folk are
the most intelligent citizenship we have. The farmer
thinks for himself; he reaches his own conclusions,
and then he acts. All that we want you to do is to
get our proposition. We will leave all the rest of it
to you. We will send the Macy Cream Separator to
your farm to be tested by you — to try out in competi¬
tion with any other Cream Separator manufactured;
none of them are barred. We want you to run the
Macy beside the other Cream Separators. Try it on
hot or cold milk; test it for butter fat: test it for easy
turning; for easy cleaning; submit ittoany test
you may think of or the agent of any other
Cream Separator may suggest. Submit it to
these tests for 30 days, and if at the end of that time
the Macy has not demonstrated that it is the best
Cream Separator from the standpoint of skimming
efficiency, easy running, easy cleaning, simplicity
and durability, return it to us, at our expense of
transportation charges both ways.
niy~~>r-*T’i
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We Want to Send You
our Cream Separator offer. We
want to tell you how you can save
one-half or two-thirds on your
Cream Separator. We want to
tell you how to add from $15.00
to $20.00 per cow to your income.
We want to tell you how to get
more cream and better cream from
your herd than you have been get¬
ting in the past.
Just write us a letter or a pos¬
tal card to-day, saying, “Please
send me your Cream Separator
proposition, ” and we will send it
free and postpaid.
Ask for Separator Offer No. 8801
R. H. MACY & CO., JartE?.,** NEW YORK
HANDSOME PICTURE, FREE.
A fine photogravure of “Dairymaid of Pinehurst” the champion 3 year
old Guernsey cow of the world. This famous cow produced 860 pounds of butter-
fat in one year.
"I he picture is a real work of art, free of advertising, printed on
heavy art paper and ready to frame.
So long as our limited supply lasts, a copy will be sent you postage prepaid.
Without any obligation, if you send your name and address to
IOWA DAIRY SEPARATOR CO.,
173 BRIDGE ST„ _ = _ - WATERLOO, IOWA.
TwoVa!uableE?nCC
Barn Book5 rnUU
' on Barn Equipment
Dairymen, write today. These free books
were written by dairy barn authorities and
contain valuable information that will prove
a big help to you in the re-arranging, the
building or the remodeling of your dairy barn.
They also contain detailed descriptions of the
James Sanitary Barn Equipment and explain
five patented features that save enough on feed
and labor to pay for the whole equipment in
a year. Write today, sure— stating the num¬
ber of cows you own.
Kent Mfg. Co., 1530 Cans St., Ft. Atkinson, WIs.
I Jame5 Sanitary,
yja rn EQuipmen t
NO-FLY
GUARANTEED TO
KEEP FLIES AWAY
This Guaranteed Fly
Oil will increase your
milk output 10 to 20
per cent, by saving cows
energy wasted in fighting
flies will make your horses
quiet and easy to manage
by •. topping irritating,
strength wasting, fly fighting.
If used according to directions
WE ABSOLUTELY GUARANTEE NO-FLY
to keep flies away — not to blister— to kill lice
anywhere— not to iniurc animals if they lick it— will not
taint milk. Practical farmers everywhere indorse NO-FLY
because it does its work.
If your dealer does aot sell NO FLY, send us his name
and $1.00 for large can of NO-FLY and Sprayer. Money
refunded if it doesn't do all we claim. Active men wanted.
W. D. CARPENTER CO., Dept. 6 Syracuse, N. Y.
M
/5-
A, i
fM.
[M
mi
•"/In
m
Rc
Pt&ll
/fl»
wv
^^ORMS take pounds of flesh off of your stock be¬
fore you notice it. They often kill and always
throw animals out of condition. These thieving
pests steal the food that should build up fat, flesh
and vitality— they steal the profits which should go
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A-9
.. -c-0'
*
a, s'
676
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
May G,
The Henyard.
WANTED-A WHITE-EGGED “AMERICAN”
I understand you to say that the Con¬
necticut Agricultural College is working to
develop a hen like the American breeds
which will lay a white egg.
It is true that there is a demand for
such a bird.
What sort of a hen do they want?
The ideal would be a white bird with
yellow skin, yellow legs, rose comb and
weighing a little less than a standard
Rhode Island Red. Such a bird should lay
white eggs of fair size.
What is the need of such a bird?
In New England the average farmer
wants a general purpose hen. That means
a bird which will lay a reasonable number
of eggs, especially in Winter, which will
dress off fairly well either as broiler or
roaster, and which will hatch and rear its
own chickens.
Is there no such fowl in existence?
None that we know of to size up to all
these points. We have no such fowl that
produces white eggs, therefore a farmer
in a territory which calls for white eggs
loses his money in using a general purpose
fowl.
What about the present white-egg hens?
Like the Leghorn, they have their defects
as a general purpose hen. They do not
raise their own young as a rule, so that
incubators are required. Their combs are
so larga as to make them tender, and they
are not so well suited to general purpose
conditions.
How does the experiment progress?
They are making progress, and we un¬
derstand already have a fowl which com¬
bines some of the desired points, but not
all. They hope to get such a bird in time.
The breeders of Iloudans are claiming
that they have the bird for the place. What
about that?
Our understanding is that the Houdan is
a most excellent fowl, a good layer, a fine
table bird and very handsome when well
bred. The general opinion is that this
breed ought to be more generally kept, but
those who are trying to develop this new
breed say that the Houdan does not meet
all their requirements.
Why not? What is there wrong with
Mrs. Houdan?
The following points are made against
her for the purpose named : She is gen¬
erally a non-sitter. The bird they have in
mind should be like the Reds, “Rocks’’ or
“Dottcs,” capable of hatching her own
chickens and taking the place of an incuba¬
tor. The Houdans have a heavy crest. It
has been explained that this is no objec¬
tion, yet it is generally believed that in
very wet or rainy sections this wet crest
would be likely to cause severe colds.
Again their plumage is generally black.
This means black pin feathers, which should
be avoided in the desired fowl. The skin
of the Houdans is white and the legs are
white and black, while the desired fowl as
a market bird for broiler and roaster, should
have yellow legs and a yellow skin. This
seems to cover the matter as it comes to
us, and will show why Mrs. Houdan,
though an excellent bird, is not exactly the
lady wanted.
SHIPPING BABY CHICKS.
I am hatching and shipping baby chicks
and have not much experience in it yet. I
saw in The R. N.-Y. and “The Business
Hen” how some do it, so I tried that plan
and had some bad results. I shipped two
boxes with 100 in each box; of these two
boxes the one went all right, but the other
one over half of them were dead. 1 was
used to having partitions in the boxes and
only put about 25 or 30 together, but there
was nothing mentioned in “The Business
Hen,” so I left them out, but cannot see
where I failed in any other way. w. r. b.
Pennsylvania.
Fifty day-old chicks are enough to put in
one compartment; when 100 chicks are put
in one compartment of a shipping box they
are apt to crowd so hard that the ones
in the middle get overheated or smothered.
It is much better to put in partitions so
that not more than 30 to 35 chicks are in
each part. Probably some of the chicks
mentioned by W. R. B. were smothered.
The fact that one lot of 100 went safely
does not prove anything. But it is such an
easy matter to put in partitions dividing
the chicks into lots small enough to pre¬
vent overcrowding that it seems as if any
one would rather do it than risk loss by
trying to ship in lots too large to go
safely. geo. a. cosgrove.
THE EGG EATING HABIT.
If your hens began to eat their eggs
freely what would you do to stop it?
I think that where a flock is picking up
the vice of egg eating it is due to improper
feeding and housing conditions, and can be
corrected in all except perhaps a few con¬
firmed cases. People too often fail to
realize that fowls in confinement must have
everything needed or craved supplied them.
I do not believe egg eating is ever started
among hens fed all the necessary elements,
and encouraged to take proper exercise.
Even when some of the elements are lack¬
ing, egg eating begins with soft-shelled eggs
or broken eggs, due to improper nesting
arrangements. Feed a variety, give plenty
of shell, bone, charcoal, grit and meat, as
well as green food all the year. Supply
the demands of nature, and you will never
have any egg eating. After it has started,
after supplying abundance of proper foods,
etc., remove any hens laying soft-shelled
eggs, thoroughly clean up any broken eggs,
and gather eggs frequently until the habit
is forgotten. It is almost axiomatic that
any vice is the result of improper condi¬
tions. The sane way to overcome the vice
is, therefore, to correct the conditions.
Mt. Pleasant Farm. Charles e. bryan.
I had a flock of 160 pullets which I kept
confined one Winter, and they started eat¬
ing eggs, so I gathered the eggs twice
daily and bought eggshells from a baker
and kept the eggshells before the fowls all
the time and it seemed to work all right.
Of course there were a few that I did not
break of the habit. I believe that the cause
of this habit is because the fowls are not
fed the way they ought to be, and also not
the right kind of feed. I think my method
would be practical with almost everyone
where eggshells can be bought. After I
found the fowls were eating eggs I made
feeding hoppers to hold the shell, and let
them help themselves ; kept shell before
them at all times, and put the shells in the
hopper just as I bought them from the ba¬
ker, that is, not ground fine. Feed them in
as large pieces you can, so as to make the
shells look like broken eggshells. Maybe
this method would not work when fowls
are on free range. I think there were five
or six fowls I killed which I could not break
of their habit. I have never been troubled
with fowls on free range.
New Jersey. clarence h. fogg.
Empty an egg of the white by a hole
that you make in the shell. Then mix the
yoke that is left with plaster of Paris.
Then put the egg on warm ashes to harden.
Give the falsified egg to the hen. The
effect is certain ; the hen will lose her bad
habit. mrs. g. m. h.
Rhode Island.
I believe the habit of egg eating usually
starts from lack of lime in the food of
hens when in confinement, and having the
nest boxes open. When scattering the
grain in the litter when feeding some gets
in the nest boxes, and the hens scratch
in the boxes for the grain, break the eggs
and soon find not only the grain but broken
eggs as well. As to cure, I would furnish
lots of lime in the form of cracked oyster
shells and darken the nests so the hen
can’t see the eggs or anything to scratch
for. Furnish plenty of scratching material
on the floor- for them to work in, and
thereby keep Biddy’s mind occupied. I
know of several cases where the hens had
this habit and were cured by this manner
of treatment. J. e. van alstyne.
New York.
A Wedding Present.- — My husband and I
have been reading the different accounts of
hen records with much interest. We think
our little flock did pretty well for March.
When we started into life partnership last
Fall, among the presents given us were
four hens, one rooster and 14 pullets
hatched August 26. All of these pullets
were laying at six months of age, and the
record for March for the whole flock is
357 eggs, or 29% dozen, which were sold
at an average of 26% cents per dozen, or
$7.88. We figure their feed cost $3.55, as
follows: Oats, $1.15; wheat. 50 cents;
ground bone, 40 cents ; corn, $1.50. None
of these pullets underwent any system but
were picked out at random from a flock of
70. The hens are two or three years old.
Three different breeds are represented. No
account of the hayseed, clover, shells or
mlik was kept. mrs. a. j. w.
Connecticut.
TROUBLE WITH TURKEYS.
Out of 81 turkeys hatched I had only
about 50 left for Thanksgiving market. I
consider this too large a per cent to lose,
when they were given the best of care and
attention. Insects were unusually scarce
and no grasshoppers at all, and I think that
might have been one of the causes of loss.
If such was the case would you consider
it advisable to feed the commercial beef
scrap? If you do, at what age should I
begin feeding it and how often and how
much for a flock of 25 at a meal? At
the different stages of feather making tur¬
keys seem more inclined to be ailing, and
especially so when getting their wing
feathers. I would like to know what feed
you think would be best to give for feather
growing. h. d.
Staatsburg, N. lr.
I think as you do, this was too large
a per cent to lose. Three years ago I
hatched 76 turkeys and raised 72 to
mature birds. Several years ago I had
only two hen turkeys. The two hatched
26 poults and raised 25. I shipped them
to Boston for Thanksgiving and my
check was $43.85. I thought that pretty
good ! This inquirer says insects and
grasshoppers were scarce; that might
make a difference. As to feeding the
commercial beef scraps, I do not know ;
I should prefer to get the scraps from a
local butcher. I hear a great deal of
complaint about the young poults at the
stage when they are getting their wing
feathers. Some advocate pulling them
out. My method is to feed all the wheat,
good wheat (not screenings), they will
eat at that time, for wheat makes bone
and muscle. Give them all the clean
fresh water they want, and I save my
eggshells all through the Winter for
the little turks at that time. Dry the
shells as you save them and crumble
them fine. They are very fond of them
and eat them ravenously. I find there
are many little things connected with
turkey raising some people would call
foolish, but I do not care for that, as
long as I have good success in raising
them. MRS. E. j. RIDER.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-lr. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
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523-573Lock St., Cincinnati, Ohio (45)
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SOS E. 5th St.,
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1911.
677
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending April 28, 1911.
The New York Exchange price is SI. 41
per 40-quart can, netting 2% cents per
quart to shippers in 2G-cent zone who have
no additional station charges.
Failure of Peach Buds.
B OTTER
The market has developed a decided
weakness, with some slight price declines.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 22 .® .23
Good to Choice . 19
Cower Grades . 15
Storage . . 15
State Dairy, best . . .20
Common to Gjod . 14
Factory . 14
Packing Slock . 12
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 22 cents.
Boston, western creamery, 22 cents.
Philadelphia, western creamery, 23 cents.
@
@
@
®
®
@
®
.21
.18
.20
.21
.18
.16
.15
CHEESE
Old cheese is held rather high for export
trade. New stock selling rapidly and mar¬
ket firm.
Full Cream, best. Fall made . 14 @ .15
Common to Rood . .. .12 ® .13
New Made . 09 <pj .105^
Skims . . 05 ® .10
EGG8
Receipts heavy and market weak,
though price changes noted are but slight.
White, good to choice .
.18
®
.21
Mixed Colors, best .
.17
@
.18
Common to Good . .
.15
®
.17
Westorn, best .
.17
®
.18
Under grades .
.12
®
.15
Duck eggs, dozen .
.20
®
.23
Goose eggs, dozen .
.30
&
.40
BEANS
Trade very dull ou Marrow
and
Pea.
®
White Kidney scarce. Some export
ness in Rod Kidney noted.
Marrow, 100 lbs . 3.00
Medium . 3.00
Pea . „ . 3.00
Yellow Eye . 3.50
Bed Kidney . 5.40
WhitcKidncy . 5.00
Lima, California . 6.G0
busi-
3.75
® 3.50
@ 3.50
© 3.65
® 5.80
® 5.10
<3l 6.70
HOPS
Business is practically at a standstill.
Buyers are offering higher prices, but
growers refuse to sell.
Prime to Choice . 29
Common to Good . 27
Pacific Coast . 22
Geimau Crop, 1910 . . 50
CIDER VINEGAR
New York prices for single barrel
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22
®
®
@
@
.30
.28
.23
.53
lots.
Standard Grade
.13
.24
.15
DRIED FRUITS
Very little doing in either evaporated or
sun-dried apples.
Apples, evap. prime . 12 ® 13
Kvap., com. to good . 06 @ .11
Sun Dried . 06 ® .07^
Chops . 07 ® .08
Cores and Skins . 07 hi® .0716
Raspberries . 28 ® .30
Cherries . 15 (a) .18
FRESH FRUITS
Apples getting scarce with occasional
sales above quoted prices for choice varie¬
ties. Gano and Ben Davis selling slowly.
Strawberries running better quality than
last week, and prices higher.
Apples, Itusset, bbl . 3.00 @ 5.00
Greening . 4.00 ® 7.00
Baldwin . 4.00 ® 6.60
Ben Davis . 8.50 ® 5.50
Spy . 4.00 ® 7.00
Western—
Newtown, box . 1.75 ® 2.75
Spitz, box . 1.75 ® 2.50
Rome, box . 2.00 ® 2 75
Black Ben, box . 1 75 ® 2.35
Gano. box . 2.00 ® 2.35
"Strawberries. Fla., qt. . . . 15 cd) .26
Other Southern . 15 ® .82
Oranges, Fla. box . 3.25 ® 4.50
Porto Rico . 2.50 @ 2.75
California . 2.50 ® 4.00
Grape Fruit. Fla. box . 2.60 ® 4.00
Pineapples. Havana, 18s . 2.75 ® 3.00
Porto Rico, 24s . 3.25 @ 3.60
VEGETABLES
potatoes plenty and
Old potatoes plenty and lower. New
stock from the South lowed. Old onions
very dull. Now selling well when above
medium quality. String beans lower. Cab¬
bage somewhat improved at the close of
the week. Peas and fancy lettuce scarce.
Potatoes — N. Y. State, 180 lbs . 1.60
Maine . 1.75
Southern, new, No. 1, bbl . 3.50
Southern, new. No. 2, bbl . 2.00
Sweet, Jersey, bkt . 1.00
Asparagus. Southern, f’ey doz . 3.25
Good to prime . 2.00
Calif., green, fancy . 3.00
Calif., white, common to good . 2.50
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 2.50
Carrots, bbl . 2.00
Southern, new, 100 bunches . 2.00
Cabbage— old. ton . 3.00
New, Southern, bbl . 1 00
Chicory, bbl . 3.50
Cucumbers. Fla. bu . 1.50
Escarol. % bbl. bkt . 1.00
Kale, bbl . 85
Kohlrabi, Southern, 100 bunches . 4.00
Lettuce, hl-bbl. bkt . 1.00
Peppers, Southern, bu . 1.50
Horseradish, 100 lbs . 4.00
Okra. Fla. Carrier . 2.00
Onions, old, yellow, bag . 3.75
Texas, new, crate . 1.00
White, bu . 75
Peas. Fla., bu . 1.50
Radishes, S'n 46 bbl.- bkt . 60
Rhubarb, 100 bunches . 3.UU
Salsify, 100 bunches . 4.00
String Beans, bu . 1.00
Spinach, bbl . 75
Squasn, bbl . 1.75
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75
White, bbl . 1.00
Leeks, 100 bunches . 2.00
Egg Plants, Fla., box . 1.25
Parsnips, bbl . 1.00
Parsley bbl . 2.00
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 1.50
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Cucumbers lower. Lettuce
fancy. Tomatoes scarce.
Cucumbers, best, doz .
Common to good . 50
Mushrooms, lb . 25
Radishes, 100 bunches . 1.50
Rhubarb, doz bunches .
Tomatoes, lb .
( Continued on page 579)
® 1.87
® 2.00
® 4.00
@ 3.00
@ 2.00
® 3.75
® 3.00
® 4 CIO
@ 3.50
® 5.00
® 3.110
® 3.00
® 7.00
® 1.75
® 5.00
® 2.00
® .200
® .90
@ 0 00
® 2.25
® 2.50
® 7.UU
® 3.00
® 4.25
® 2.00
® 1.50
® 3.50
® .90
® 4.50
® 5.00
® 2.50
® 1.12
® 2 50
@ 1.25
® 1.50
@ 4.00
® 2.25
® 1.25
@ 2.50
® 2.75
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
“CHEMICAL AND CLOVER” ONCE MORE.
./. N. H. (Vo Address) s — In former years
The R. N.-Y. gave the figures of sales from
the Lewis farm in Now Jersey where the
rotation known as- chemicals and clover is
followed. What was the last year’s out¬
put?
Ans. — Mr. D. C. Lewis has sent us
the following statement of sales for the
year ending April 1, 1911.
Taking out five acres for timber and
lane and uses for yards, we have not to
exceed 95 acres.
SALES.
Milk and calves . $643.35
Hay . 921.18
Potatoes, 15 -acres . 2,083.10
Wheat and corn . 532.32
Chickens and pork . 140.00
Income, $45 to
half crop of corn
$4,319.95
$47 per acre ; only one-
owing to drought.
We repeat briefly what has often been
said about this farm in Middlesex Co.
The soil is naturally strong and level.
For some 30 years it has been conducted
as a fertilizer farm, chemicals being
used heavily. The sod plowed under
provides humus, and the cornstalks and
part of the clover hay are fed to dairy
cows — the milk being sold to a cream¬
ery. A five-year rotation is followed.
Each year all the farm manure is spread
on the second year sod and plowed
under for corn planting. The next year
this corn ground is planted in early va¬
rieties of potatoes. Here is the key¬
note of the rotation. At least 1200
pounds of high-grade potato fertilizer
are used to the acre with the potatoes.
When they are dug the ground is seed¬
ed to wheat and Timothy, with clover
added in the Spring. Should the po¬
tato crop be above the average some
fertilizer is used with the wheat. If the
potato crop is not large it is assumed
that there is enough plant food left to
produce the crop. The wheat is har¬
vested, then the clover and grass are
cut two years, after which the sod is
plowed for corn, then starting a new
rotation. The manure gives a large corn
crop, when the season is right, and leaves
the soil in fine condition for potatoes.
As this is the money crop of the rotation
it receives nearly all the purchased fer¬
tilizer — the theory being that a large
dressing will provide for the potatoes
and leave enough over to produce the
wheat and grass. In former years the
handling of the cornstalks was waste¬
ful, as many of them were simply rotted
down in the barnyard or spread on the
grass land and plowed under. Now they
are put into a silo or shredded and fed
dry, thus adding over $500 to the farm
receipts and supplying a large quantity
of manure. Under this system of hand¬
ling the farm has grown richer and
richer, and is more productive than ever
before, although as we see it is annually
selling large quantities of hay, potatoes
and grain, all of which are known as ex¬
haustive crops.
Positively Cured
By Using .
Calf Scours
OREL OLL
No F ailures Guaranteed
Also the only known remedy for
WHITE DIARRHOEA in poultry.
Caledonia Chemical Co., Caledonia, N. Y.
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on tho market. Full length stave. .
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
air tight
Makes winter feed equal to Juno
grass. THE KOSS vvill more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
will save you money. Agents wanted.
The E. W. Itoss Co.(Est,1850)
Box 13 SPRINGFIELD. OHiO
higher
for
.80
®
.90
.50
®
.60
.25
®
.60
1.50
@ :
2 00
.30
®
.60
.10
®
.16
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
INTERNATIONAL
SILOS
strongest Dum, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoop — ■
continuous open-door front — air-tight door and per¬
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. Th«
International 611a Co- II 3 Bale BU LiueoTlllo. Bm*
“MEN WHO KNOW ”
USE THE
DE LAVAL
CREAM SEPARATOR
Does it not mean a great deal to YOU, the prospective
buyer of a Cream Separator, that such men as
Hon. Levi P. Morton, Ex-Vice Pres’t United States
Miss Helen Gould, the great philanthropist
Hon. Whitelaw Reid, U. S. Ambassador to England
Alfred G. Vanderbilt, of that famous family
C. F. Smith, Master Vermont State Grange
Norman B. Ream, of the Pullman Palace Car Co.
F. L. Houghton, Sec’y Holstein Breeders Ass’n
Wm. MacKenzie, Pres’t Canadian Northern Railway
S. S. Carvalho, Manager the Hearst newspapers
Hon. Seth Low, Ex-Mayor of New York
and many others like them, good dairy farmers as well as great
leaders in every sphere of human endeavor, each of whom is
possessed of much personal experience and a thousand authori¬
tative sources of separator information, are among the 1,250,000
satisfied users of Dli LAVAL Cream Separators ?
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
1G5-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
29 E. Madihon Strisky
CHICAGO
Drumm k Sacra MKNTO Sts.
SAN FRANCISCO
17S-177 William Strekt
MONTREAL
14 k 16 Princess Street
WINNIPEG
1016 Western Avkntk
SEATTLE
THE PAP EC A
• ' _ Ai
Here’s the only blower ensilage
cutter that can he depended upon to
do good work under all conditions.
pAPEC ENSILAGE
* PNEUMATIC ^ CUTTER
Cuts and elevates silage with less
power than any other cutter. Easy
to sot up and operate; no wood to
twist and warp; elevates over 50 feet
without clogging. Write for booklet,
“How to Prepare Ensilage,” FREE,
PAPEC MACHINE CO., Box 10. Shorlsvlllo, N. I. WL
Distributing points: yM
Des Moines Silo & Mfg. Co., lies Moines. Ia. %%
Westorn Implement Co., Indianapolis. I ml.
Da liman & Cooper Co., Fond du Lac, Wls.
Kills All Ticks
ONE DIPPING
►64 years experience prove truth of this <
statement. Every tick and nit absolutely
destroyed if you use
Cooper Dip
The only dip that killsALL ticks in ONE dipping—
Cooper’s Is sure scab destroyer. Increases growth
and Improves quality of woo] . Perfect skin tonic.
Results considered Iseheapestdip on market. Used
ou 300 million sheep annually. Handsome Calen¬
dar and booklet free if you mention this paper.
Prices: 25 gal. pkt. 50c 100 gal. pkt. $1.75
Ask your druggist or write
SCHIEFFELIN & CO.
l170 Williams Street New York City
Continuous-Opening, Braced
Door - Frame, Permanent
Ladder, Interchangeable
Doors, Lightest and
Tightest Doors.
Strongest Hoops,
Best Materials,
Three Styles, Five
kinds of Lum¬
ber, a hundred
other advan¬
tages. All
described
in our
Cata¬
log.
Our
Silo
Catalog
contains
the latest
Information
about Silos.
We invented
the Modern Silo
and have led the
way in improve¬
ments. We offer the
largest variety of
styles and sizes. Send
for our catalog of Silos
and Silo Fillers. “The
kind Uncle Sam uses.’’
Harder Mfg. Company
BOX I I COBLESKILL, N. Y.
THE IMD1LLA SILO
IS THE SENSATION OF
THE AGRICULTURAL WORLD
Because it lias an adjustable door
front to and from doors.
Because no hammer is needed to
release doors.
Because doors can be unlocked, moved
in frame and relocked 50 times a minute.
Write for catalogue describing the
above features and testimonials, and
our ‘ TWENTY-FIVE REASONS.”
We also manufacture Farm Water
Tubs and are New England representa¬
tives lor Papec Cutters and are in posi¬
tion to quote low prices upon receipt of Inquiry.
Extra discount for early orders. Agents wanted.
THE UNADILLA SILO CO., Inc., Box B, UNAOILLA, N. Y
GREEN MOUNTAIN SILOS
Write TODAY for Booklet to
CREAMERY PACKAGE MANUFACTURING CO
338 West St., Rutland, Vt.
678
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
May 6,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
E- G. Lewis says in his paper of April
22 that The R. N.-Y. has cost his en¬
terprises $1,000,000. Mr. Lewis ought
to know. If it be so, then The
R. N.-Y. has saved the people just a
million dollars. It is estimated that
the people of this country have sent
him $10,000,000 in 10 years. He has a
great opportunity now to vindicate him¬
self and prove that The R. N.-Y. was
actuated by selfish motives and jealousy
of a rival. Let him return every cent
of the $10,000,000 to the people who sent
it to him. Ordinarily we would not in¬
vite such a severe indictment, but in this
case we will try to bear it for the sake
of the victims.
In the same paper he tells his con¬
fiding creditors that The R. N.-Y.
charges 10 per cent for collecting claims
and that is why it wants to get claims
against him. Of course, he deliberately
lied. He knew the testimony in the
hearing referred to was that The R.
N.-Y. never received or accepted a cent
for the collection of an account for sub¬
scribers or for anyone else. We be¬
lieve, however, that his combined credi¬
tors would be glad to pay a fee of a
million dollars to arQ’one who would or
could collect their accounts against him
in full.
William IL Hotchkiss, New York
State Superintendent of Insurance, has
appointed Frederic G. Dunham to act
for him in liquidating the business of
the Metropolitan Live Stock Insurance
Co. The policies of insurance issued
by the company are no longer of value,
in that they do not now afford protec¬
tion against loss. Policy claims and
unearned premium claims aggregating
about $4,000 have already been filed,
and the corporation has no assets or
property to defray even the necessary
expense of liquidation.
At frequent intervals during the past
three or four years we have had inquir¬
ies about the Telepost Co. stock and
the Sterling Debenture Company, which
has been selling it. Our invariable ad¬
vice has been that we found nothing to
justify an investment. During all this
time the letters and advertising circulars
of the company claimed that the busi¬
ness was in successful operation ; and
the officers of the company protested
most vigorously because we said plainly
that we had not been able to locate a
single post or a rod of wire. All cor¬
porations are obliged to file statements
of their earnings and expense as the
basis for paying an income tax to the
Federal Government. Munsey’s Maga¬
zine has examined the report filed by
the Telepost Co. for the year 1909, and
finds that these items of the report are
blank, indicating that it has no income
and no operating expense. Filed with
the report, according to Munsey’s, is a
statement to the effect that all expendi¬
tures thus far have been considered as
for development and capitalization. We
have never been able to induce the offi¬
cers of the company to furnish a state¬
ment of the amount of stock sold, and
the income from same, nor a statement
of the actual present assets of the com¬
pany, if it has any. All we have been
told is that the company is authorized
to issue $18,000,000 of stock, and that
the stock is trusteed so that it cannot
fall into the hands of competitors.
Munscy’s has found that there are really
nine companies instead of one, and $33,-
210,000 authorized capital instead of
$18,000,000, the other companies being
apparently subsidiary companies organ¬
ized in various States. We know the
promoters of the company wear good
clothes, and look as if they lived well.
They occupy palatial offices, and use ex¬
pensive stationery. We think they stop
in high-priced hotels and travel in palace
cars. All of this and more may be said
of the gentlemen who control the Ster¬
ling Debenture Co., which acts as sell¬
ing agent for the stock. We know that
the letters they write and the circulars
they print and the postage they pay must
run into thousands of dollars monthly.
This thing has gone on for several years.
On their own sworn statements there
was no earning up to January 1, 1910,
and they have refused to say that there
is any since. That makes it clear that
at least all the expense comes out of the
money paid in for stock. The Munsey
report simply confirms what we told you
three years ago, but makes it more defi¬
nite through their enforced report.
Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst is one
of the five who have consented to act as
voting trustees for the stock. The doc¬
tor seems to think he has no responsi¬
bility beyond the mere function of hold¬
ing the stock and voting it as provided
for in the charter. We think he has.
Mr. Sellers, the president of the Tele¬
post Company, has used Dr. Parkhurst’s
name to us as assurance of his good
faith. No doubt he did the same to
others. It is a natural inference that the
names of prominent men were selected
with a view to the effect on stock sales.
Such men owe it to themselves as well
as to the public to refuse to allow their
names to be used in schemes with which
they are unfamiliar and in the affairs
and direction of which they have no
part.
A friend wants me to ask you about the
Henry X. Roach Co., brokers, of New York,
of whom II. It. Raymond and H. W. Par¬
ker are the surviving partners. s. a. b.
New York.
Tell your friend to forget this con¬
cern just as quick as she can. If she
has put any money into the American
Tanning Co. or any other that they have
promoted, charge it to experience, and
try to make it a paying investment by
avoiding such temptations in the future.
I have lately received 86.10 from Adams
Express Company in settlement of claim for
box of dressed poultry shipped to New York
October 28 at the commencement of the
strike of deliverymen against the Adams
Express Company, and which I turned over
to you for collection. I am satisfied I
would not have received payment except for
your help. If they had notified the agent
in time the goods would not have been
shipped, but they failed to do so.
New York. mbs. h. s.
The express company evidently real¬
ized their responsibility, as the agent at
West Vienna had not been notified that
a strike was in progress, and continued
to receive shipments from farmers. As
these goods were perishable, an entire
loss was sustained by the shipper. The
express company claimed that the delay
was incidental to the strike and was a
condition over which they had no con¬
trol, but we held that failure to notify
shipper of conditions placed the respon¬
sibility on them. The express compan¬
ies are very technical about their re¬
sponsibility in the event of strikes, ad¬
verse weather conditions, etc., but where
liability is established, settlements are
finally effected.
I inclose booklet of the Growers’ and
Shippers' Exchange, and wish to learn
something of their real worth and reliabil¬
ity. Does the statement that stock is
non-assessable relieve holders from re¬
sponsibility of their debts? The man who
came here said he was only an employe.
How much will his statements bind the
company? M- w-
New York.
This is the kind of a cooperation
company that we are glad to indorse.
It is a company by farmers for farm¬
ers, organized by themselves. Outside
promoters have had nothing to do with
it. It may succeed in its purpose, and
it may not, but it will be worth all it
cost in any event. It is a form of co¬
operation in selling farm products that
is sure to prevail in the future; and the
high character and ability of the men
behind this company is a favorable
promise for its success. The purpose,
as I understand it, is to establish or
at least encourage the grading of farm
products, especially fruits, and to look
after the marketing of them in car lots.
If producers realized the results of such
a movement it would not be a question
of who would become a stockholder but
who could become one. The stock¬
holder is not responsible for company
debts under this form of charter, but the
agent of the company has no authority
in any company to arrange details with
stockholders of the company. That is a
matter fixed by the charter and by-laws.
We have so many alleged cooperative
schemes fixed up by promoters for their
own benefit that we have to denounce,
it is a relief to find oTie taken up by
farmers themselves that we can com¬
mend.
Your favor of April 20 received with
check for $100. I return my sincere thanks
for what you have accomplished for us,
and trust that I may be able to be of
some benefit to you, at least in the line of
securing a few subscribers to The R. N.-Y.,
and herewith hand you a list of two yearly
and four 10-week subscribers with draft
for same. w. h. g.
Pennsylvania.
We simply helped this man to get
back a small part of his investment in
a bad real estate deal, and his ready
appreciation more than pays for the ser¬
vice. Besides, he does not leave the fa¬
vor all on one side. He renders the kind
of service to do the most good when he
goes among his neighbors and makes
them acquainted with The R. N.-Y. by
sending their subscriptions. We would
not need to bargain in advance with our
people, even if we exacted return for a
service, which we do not. We seldom
find an opportunity to serve them with¬
out their coming back with another ser¬
vice in return. J. J. d.
Rhode Island Reds Yield Big Profits
Many a farmer has made a big dent in his
mortgage by the help of Rhode Island Reds.
Walter Sherman’s Book Tells You
All About These Wonderful Fowls
How easy they are to take care of. How fine
they are for table use. What prolific layers they
are. Even tells you how to take care of them
when sick. Every poultry man should havo a
copy. The pictures in this hook are true to life,
each from a photograph taken on his place. Two
of them by the new French color process.
Show the birds in their natural colors. So
real that you almost expect them to move.
How to get this book FREE
Send 20 cents (50 cents would be a low price).
With each book is given a rebate coupon
worth 20 cents on your first order for 2 settings
of eggs. Send for the hook today.
Walter Sherman, 25 Boulevard, Newport, R.I.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. E. VAN ALSTTNE, Kimlerliook, N.Y.
Eggs For Hatching-;;, I;!:;;:1'
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock —
utility, show or export. SINCLAIR SMITH, 002
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
A nefin’c S. C. R. 1. REDS— Bred to lay and they
AVUSim a <]0 1 ay . Eggs $1.50 per 15, $0.00 per 100
AUSTIN POULTRY FARM, Centre Harbor, N. II.
THE FARMER’S FOWL— Rose Comb Reds, best winter
1 layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
THE BEST S. C. REDS
. . . ARE . . .
DAVIS’ 200 EGG STRAIN
FAA( Utility . $1 per 13; $0 per 100
ELIlllw Special Matings ... $2 per 13; $10 per 100
Hot Water Incubator Baby Chicks .... $15 per 100
Book Orders Now Circular Free
DAVIS POULTRY FARM, Berlin, Mass.
NEW POULTRY BOOK
■ Ala|i donkey's new, big, 80-pnge illus-
J 81 §T II BBT trnted guide for beginners, and
m w reference for experienced poul-
trymen. Up-to-date housing methods, feeding, hatch¬
ing, saving the chicks; now to prevent and treat
disease. Chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese. There’s a
copy for you for the asking. Send name, also name of
nearest poultry supply dealer, and 4c (stamps) for postage,
THU G. E. CONKEY COMPANY
69 Commercial Bldg. (45) Cleveland, Ohio
KTtWS POULTRY SUPPLIES
Everything for the poultryman at low prices; Auto¬
matic Feeders, Hall Mammoth and Model Incuba¬
tors, Feed, Remedies, Hen-e-ta, Rat Corn, Liverine,
Leg Bands, etc. Prompt shipments. W rite f orcatalog.
HARRIES & BENEDICT CO. "KKH"-
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coai-se or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
R. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y
Pn||| T0YMCN_Send 10 cents for our fine 60-
lU U L 1 11 I 111 Lll page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Fa.
DMII TRY-35 Best Bree6s— Bred for
■ U U L 1 HI Laying — Choice eggs for hatch¬
ing. Large circular illustrated in colors free. Also
a few fine O. I. C. Pigs for sale. Address
JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Virginia.
'THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties,
Good stock. Eggs, 15, $1: 40, $2. Catalogue.
H. K. MOHR, Quakertown, Pa., Route 3.
f) ft EGGS $1.00 — Leading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
L U try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Dirge illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
EGGS — $1 per 15, $2 per 40 of Thor. Brahman. Rocks, Wyan¬
dottes, Rede, Minorcas, Honda ns, L^horns, Hamburgs; 19 var.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Coopers burg, Pa.
RUFF ORPINGTON EGGS— 15, $1.00; 30, $1,50; 100, $4.00.
D White Holland Turkey Eggs— 9. $2.50; 18, $4.50.
Fowls on free range. W. A. L0THERS, Perulack, Pa.
CINE QUALITY ORPINGTONS, black and white. Owens’
■ and Cook’s strains. $2 and $3 per sitting. $10
per 100. Rev. J. D. GRAHAM Lyonsville, Mass.
BUFF ORPINGTON DUCKS sSSs
B. O. Ducks, the world greatest layers; have twice
won Australian laying contests. My ducks have
three years unbeaten show record. List furnished.
DUNliOIJIN FAKM, Chatham, New Jersey
Indian Runner Ducks, S. G, White Leghorns
Eggs for Hatching. Send for Circular.
F. J. FULLER, Waterport, Orleans County, Now York
IMHITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Thor-
¥ V oughhred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
of large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 15; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu¬
bator eggs. Cheeky Hill Farms, Pittstown, N. J.
1 11(1 Inn Runner Pucks, $1 per pair, from 260-egg strain.
Eggs, $1.00 and S2.00 per 12. C. GORDON, Speakers, N. Y.
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons — Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
U/ILD AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS-Chicken Eggs. Hand-
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville, Pa.
Barred Plymouth Roofc^SSRSSP Sffi:
raised birds. Great laying strain. $1.25 per 15;
$4.50 per 100. CHAS. T. DOWNING, West Chester, Pa.
A A O from high record W. P. Rock Hens, $2
S* IS IV ^ for 15, $5 for 45. Incubator eggs $0 pci
100. A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
Barred Plymouth Rocks E«V ”«™s
Prompt shipments of properly packed, guaranteed
stock. “Afton Farm” strain excels as winter layers,
develop quickly and in large numbers because of
their hardiness. Lowest prices for high grade
stock. Send today for free catalog, “Facts From
Afton Farm."
AFTON FARM, Box D-l, Yardley, Pa.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS ! &Tftde
dottes, Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.50, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Lark Brahmas, $2.00, 15. Cat¬
alog gratis. P. M. PRESCOTT, Riverdale, N. J.
SPECIAL OFFER-White Rock Eggs. $1 ^ 15; $5 $ 100.
Partridge Cochin Eggs, $1.25 1$ 15; $0.00 ^ 100.
Partridge Wyandotte Eggs. $1.00 $ 15; $5.00 ^ 100.
Barred Rock Eggs. $1.25 15 ; $7.00 ^ 100.
Fresh eggs from good stock, free range and healthy.
Circular prices hold on your choice of matings.
MINCH BROS., R-3, Bridgeton, N. J.
WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY
Free range, extra good winter laying strain, $1.00 per
15 eggs; $5.00 per 100. F. CYRUS TWINING, Pineville, Pa.
KEAN’S WHITE WYANDOTTES
Bred for large size, heavy laying and fancy pur¬
poses. Eggs, $1.00 per setting; $5.00perl00, for re¬
mainder of season. Address
E. FRANKLIN KEAN .... Stanley, N. Y.
SP WHITE LEGHORNS, Barred Plymouth Hocks,
■ Ui (I Mammoth White Pekin Ducks, Stock
hatching eggs, chicks, ducklings. Circular. Est. 1904
Abovo Poultry Farm. Chatham, Morris Co. N. J.
WRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.53
for 100. Baby Chix, $12.50 for 100: $7.00for50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Y.
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
HATCHING EGGS
Half Price After May 1st.
S. C. White Leghorns.
One Setting. 15 eggs $1.00
Two Settings, 30 eggs. . 1.75
One hundred eggs . 4.00
One thousand eggs . 35.00
White Plymouth Rocks
& S. C. Black Orpingtons
1 Setting, 15 eggs, $1.25 &$2.50
300 eggs . $7.00 & $14.00
Fertility Guaranteed.
RICHLAND FARMS,
BABY CHICKS.
100 or less, each.. ..15c
500 or more, eacli 1216c
White Plymouth
Rocks & S. C. Black
Orpingtons.
100 or less, each. ...25c
We guarantee safe
arrival of chicks in
first-class condition.
Frederick, Md.
CHICKS Baby CHICKS
S. C. WHITE LEGHORN CHICKS of Standard Quality.
Wo guarantee chicks to be hatched from eggs laid
by our own breeders and shipped only when day-old.
We Can Please You. We Will Please You.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator having a capa¬
city of 10,200 eggs.
Have Your Orders Booked. Circular Free.
SPRING WATER POULTRY FARM, Stockton, New Jersey.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHEIt.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P- Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks, $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CARLW. LLOYD, Mgr,,
Hillside, Westchester County. N. Y.
Bonnie Brae White Leg-
horns and Pekin Ducks ffMHJ
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now hooked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
BABY CHICKS, 10c. EACH
From free-range selected S.C. WhiteLeghorns in any
quantity; safe arrival guaranteed, Circulars free.
Chas.R. Stone, Baby Chick. Farm, Staatsburg-on-Hudson.N.Y.
Dill I CTQ— s- c- w- LEGHORNS— Booking orders
• HULL I O future delivery. Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds for prompt shipment. Limited
number choice breeders. Lakewood and Youngs
strains. SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N. J.
Buff, Wh. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, S. C. R. I. Red.
Eggs, 90c. per 15, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per 00, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
YXTYCKOFF-BLANCHARD strains Single-Comb
”” White Leghorns, $1.25 setting. Heavy laying
Rose-Comb Black Minorcas, $1.50 setting. Circular.
HIGH RIDGE POULTRY FARM, Laurel. Md.
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios.
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. II. ZIMMER, Weedsport, N. Y.
S. C, White Leghorns SsSfES-pJSNES
I ol/nuioui Co rm ous, mature birds. Free range. 700
LdnGllGn I U I III Pullets and Hens for sale reasonably
to make room for young stock, getting over 400 eggs per
day from same. Eggs and Stock. R.F.D. 2, Peekskill, N. Y.
DTRDS OF QUALITY, Bred to lay ; S. C. W. Leghorn
4 ' Hatching Eggs, $6 per 100; Chicks, $12 per 100.
S. C. R. I. Red Eggs, $8 per 100; Chicks, $15 per 100.
THE WINONA FARMS . Drawer 272 . LANSDALE, PA.
BABY CHICKS— Single Comb White Leghorns,
Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds, 10c and 12c each.
Strong and livable. From vigorous free range stock,
bred for utility and standard qualities. Safe delivery
guaranteed. WESLEY GR1NNELL, Sodus, N. Y.
| |] We ehlp
|| Uflolok from
Bt- Paul, Buffalo,
j Kansas City or
i Racine.
E4 at any price
are better. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for book today
or send price now and save time.
Belle City Incubator Company, Box
i55 Buys Best
140-Egg Incubator
Double cases all over -.best copper
tank; nursery, seif-regulating.
Best 140-chick hot-water brooder,
$4.85. Both ordered together,
$11.50. Freight
Rockies).
No machines
LIFE PRODUCERS
SUCCESSFUL INCUBATORS
LIFE PRESERVERS
SUCCESSFUL BROODERS
The only machines that rival the mothei
hen. Sold on a Direct-to-You Fac¬
tory Price. Get our Big FREfc. Incubator Book and save
40%. Send postal now. Booklet, “Proper Care and Feeding
of small Chicks. Ducks and Turkeys" sent for 10c.
OES MOINES INCUBATOR C0.t 90 Second Si.. Dec Ko'nes, Ife
3911.
THR RURAIi NEW-YORKER
670
n
CONTENTS
The Rural New-Yorker, May 6, 1911.
FARM TOPICS.
Immigrating to New York State.- Part
il . 558
A Year's Work in Potato Breeding. . . . 559
Carbide Residuum for Fertilizer . 560
Green Manure Crop . 560
Preparing for Potatoes . ' . 560
Rotation from Old Soil . 560
How He Slakes Lime . 560
Keeping Up the Fertility . 561
More About the Manure Spreader . 561
Hungarian Grass or Millet . 563
Canada Thistles . 563
Eastern Shore Lands . 564
Spray Mixture and Cattle . 564
At hen Crimson Clover Fails . 565
Stable Manure Compared with Ferti¬
lizer . 565
Hope Farm Notes . 566
Saved the Home . 566
Corn . 567
Corn Acreage . 569
Chemicals and Clover . 577
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Mule Raising .
How to Hobble a Cow .
Rats, Mice and Hens .
Weasel that Eats Oxen .
A “Back to the Land” Cow .
Breeding Up Holstein Cows .
More Experience with Horse Com¬
panies .
Pigs and Molasses .
Ration for Guernseys .
Changing from Silage .
Ration for Work Horses and Mules....
Value of Oat Hay .
Alfalfa .Makes Good Stock .
Tax on Milk .
“Come Back” .
Consider the Profit .
That Celebrated Guernsey Case .
Live Stock in the South .
Pig Experience .
Reciprocity and New England Milk....
Wanted, a White-egged “American”..
Shipping Baby Chicks .
The Egg-eating Habit .
Trouble with Turkeys .
r>o i
558
558
558
572
572
572
572
573
573
573
573
573
573
573
5 7 1
574
574
574
57 5
576
576
576
576
HORTICULTURE.
Apple Conditions in Central Illi¬
nois . 557, 558
Apple Maggot or “Railroad Worm”.... 559
One-man Spray Rig . 560
Use of Old Sawdust . 560
Alfalfa in a Mulched Orchard . 561
Spraying in Nebraska . 562
Grapevines with Little Fruit . 563
Fruits for Northeastern New York.... 563
English Walnut in Pennsylvania . 563
Pears in Michigan . 563
Selling those Oklahoma Peaches . 564
Those Barren Quince Trees . 565
The Culture of Holly . 565
Shrubs Propagated from Cuttings. . . . 567
Treatment of Calla . 567
Black Spot and Mildew on Roses . 567
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
Woman and the Home. 4 . 570
My .lungle Garden . 570
Crullers, Doughnuts and Oleykoeks. . . . 570
The Rural Patterns . 571
The Real Things of Home-making..'... 571
Crescent Sandwiches . 571
MISCELLANEOUS.
Tar Paper and Cement .
A Bold Swindle in Soap .
Coal Ashes in Concrete .
An Old-time Fake .
"Blood Money” .
Products, Prices and Trade .
Working Dogs .
Making Cement Pipe .
'Florida’s Water Power .
Editorials . . .
Other People’s Money .
Events of the Week .
Publisher’s Desk .
Humorous .
558
559
560
561
561
562
562
564
566
568
569
56! >
578
580
MARKETS.
( Continued f rom page 677. )
LIVE POULTRY
There is a considerable accumulation of
stock and prices on fowls lower.
Chickens, Broilers, lb . 10 @ .40
Fowls . 13 ® .14
Roosters . .09 @ .10
Ducks . 13 @ .14
Geese . .09 © .10
Turkeys . 13 © .13
DRESSED POULTRY— Fresh Killed
Fowls and roosters in fair supply, but
trade dull. Broilers selling well.
Turkeys. Fancy . 17 © 18
Common to Good . 15 ® .10
Chickens, fancy broilers, 1b . 35 la) .40
Broilers, common to good . 25 © .30
Fowls . 14 @ .10
Squabs, dor. . 1.75 @ 4.25
DRESSED POULTRY-FltOZEN
Trade in roasting chickens good. Other
stock generally dull.
Turkeys, best . 22 © .23
Chickens, milk-fed broilers . 22 © .26
Corn-fed broilers . 15 © .22
Milk-fed roasters . 17 © .18 14
Corn-fed roasters . 15 @ .10
Fowls . * . 12 © .15
Ducks, best . 15 <g> .10
Common to good . . 13 @ .14
Geese . 07 @ .11
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Calves in moderate supply, but business
very slow. Hothouse lambs running poor,
a good many selling under $4.
Calves, good to prime . 08 @ .09
Common . 00 @ .07
Lambs, hothouse, head . 3.00 © 5.50
Pork, light . 09 ffi .10
Medium to heavy . 06 © .08}£
HAY AND STRAW
Market active on higher grades of Tim¬
othy and clover. Low grades accumulating
and dull.
Day, No. 1, ton . 25.00 © 26.00
No. 2 . 22.00 @ 24.00
No. 3 . 18.00 © 19.00
Clover Mixed . 15.00 © 21 00
Clover . . . 12.00 © 19.00
Straw, Rye . 9.00 @ 10.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 © 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers. 100 lbs . 5.00 ® 6.65
Oxen and Stags . 4.50 ©6.00
Cows . 2.00 ® 4.50
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 6.00 © 7.00
Culls . 4.00 © 4.50
Sheep, ioo lbs . 2.25 & 4.00
Lambs . 5.50 © 6.00
Hogs . 6.00 @ 7.0(1
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring ...
. .. 1.06
©
No. 2, lied .
. . . .95
©
No. 1 Macaroni .
. . . .95
®
Corn, as to quality, bush .
. . . .53
la)
.58
Oats, as to weight, bush .
®
.39
Hye .
®
.80
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 26.25 © 27.50
Standard Middlings . 27.00 © 28.00
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop . 22.50 ® 23.00
Linseed Meal . 33.00 ® 34.00
Corn Meal . 23.00 © 24.00
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 15.25
Middling Gulf . 15.50
New Orleans, Low Middling . . 14.70
Good Middling . 15.60
WOOL
NewYork Fleeces, Delaine, unwashed. . 22 © .23
Ohio half blood combing . 25 © .26
Kentucky, three-eighths blood . 24 ® .25
Michigan, half blood . 24 @ .25
TOBACCO.
Conn, broadleaf-llller . 08 © .10
Finewrppers . 50 @ .60
N. Y. State Fillers . 05 @ .06
Fine and Selections . 12 © .16
Ohio Zimmer s Spanish . 19 @ .20
Virginia Dark Lugs . 07 @ .09
Dark Leaf . 10 © .20
Bright Cutters . 12 ® .30
AILING ANIMALS.
Cow With Brain Trouble.
What is the matter with my cow I first
noticed her about two weeks ago ; she
comes out of the barn and turns around to
the left, but lately she turns either way,
holds her head to one side and acts queer.
She oats well, chews her cud, and gives a
good llow of milk. c. w. b.
The symptoms indicate derangement of
the brain, but this often is associated with
indigestion. Lessen her food and increase
exercise. Give a full dose of epsom salts
(one pound) and afterward keep bowels
acting freely by feeding succulent or laxa¬
tive foods. She may do better when grass
can be had. a. s. a.
Texas Fever.
What is the best treatment to administer
to cows stricken with Texas fever? The
symptoms are high fever, sudden stop of
flow of milk, constipation and retention of
urine. The subject often dies within 24
hours after stricken, hut sometimes will
linger for two or three days. h. w. u.
We are sorry to say that we can suggest
no lim* of treatment that would be likely to
save the animals. No remedial treatment
has ever been found. Prevention, therefore,
is of prime importance. It is .had by keep¬
ing the cattle free from the ticks which
carry the contagion. a. s. a.
Chorea.
I have a large dog which has good appe¬
tite, hut is falling all over himself. Ills
legs are all shaken ; besides he has two
sores where the hair has disappeared. We
put ointment on the two spots, hut find
no results. l. k.
Long Island.
The dog apparently has chorea (St.
Vitus’ dance) which is practically incur¬
able. Hair cannot he made to grow if the
hair roots have been destroyed. Apply a
little sulphur ointment once' daily. As a
tonic give twice daily three drops' of Fow¬
ler's solution of arsenic and increase a
drop or so daily until ill effects, such as
diarrhoea, begin to show, at which stage go
hack to the first dose and repeat. Let him
live an outdoor life as much as possible.
a. s. A.
Irregular Teeth.
I have an old horse which has done no
work all Winter, is very poor. I feed him
daily with three quarts of bran and corn
and ground oats. It seems there is some¬
thing wrong with him ; he always stretches
his head even with his neck in his chew¬
ing, also water runs out of his mouth all
the time every time he drinks. He coughs
three or four times; he has no cold. What
is the matter with him? What can I do
for him? I give him plenty of good cut
hay. a. J. H.
New Yrork.
There can be little question that this
horse has a diseased or split molar tooth
which ought to be extracted or that There
are irregularities of the molars which make
proper mastication of food impossible. Em¬
ploy a veterinary dentist to put the teeth
in proper condition. a. s. a.
Chronic Indigestion.
I have a horse that will not take on
flesh as he ought. His excrement Is thinner
than normal and too free, and this condi¬
tion appears to be chronic. What can I
do for him? f. b. T.
Kentucky.
It seldom pays to bother with such
chronic cases as the teeth are likely to be
incurably irregular or the horse may have
a long, loose, “washy” coupling, and in that
case will always scour when heated with
work. Have the teeth attended to. Keep
the horse clipped. Feed oats, bran and
mixed" hay. If improvement is slow give
half an ounce of Fowler’s solution of ar¬
senic night and morning until improvement
is marked, then discontinue the medicine
gradually. Treatment will not pay if the
horse has a washy coupling and is cut up
in the flank like a greyhound. a. s. a.
Indigestion.
I have a brood sow that had 13 pigs, five
were dead, eight alive and are nice and
healthy. When the shotes were six weeks
old she started to vomit and never ate any¬
thing for three weeks. I do not know what
to give for a cure. I feed clean corn bran
and slop from the creamery, sometimes
shelled corn. Could you tell' me what to
give for a cure? p. p. c.
Pennsylvania.
Read answer under head of “Weak Sow.”
Stop all rich food and let her have new
milk, to which add limewater at rate of
one ounce to the quart of slop. Make her
run out doors as much as possible. When
she can take the milk without vomiting add
middlings gradually, and after a time sub¬
stitute sweet skim-milk gradually for the
new milk. A little cornmeal may also be
worked into the slop after she is doing
well, it may be found necessarv to wean
the pigs. a. s. a.
A DIP THAT DOES THE WORK
WITHOUT INJURY
TO THE ANIMAL OR FLEECE
NO BURNING OF THE FIBRES;
NO STAINING; NO POISONING;
NO SICKENING.
WHY USE DIPS THAT HAVE THESE DESTRUCTIVE
AND DANGEROUS QUALITIES? WHY EXPERIMENT
WITH UNKNOWN PREPARATIONS?
INEXPENSIVE, EASY TO USE
PERMITTED BY THE U.S DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE FOR THE OFFICIAL DIPPING
OF SHEEP FOR SCAB -=^=T'
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS
WE HAVE BOOKLETS GIVING FULL DIRECTIONS
FOR USE ALSO MANY VALUABLE HINTS ON
HANDLING SHEEP. WRITE FOR FREE COPIES.
Parke, Davis &Co
^ - .. DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY
( . &'W \ DETROIT, MICH.
MAY OFFERING
of Maple Hurst Stock Farms, Guilford, Conn.:
Pan tint's Zac Taylor, head of our Guernsey herd,
is offered for sale to avoid inbreeding: as fine an
animal as stands in U. S.; guaranteed perfect in
every respect. Also one Yeailing Guernsey Bull
sired by above-named bull and from a dam produc¬
ing 42 44 pounds of milk per day, testing 5. 4-5.0.
Three Registered Berkshire Boars, models of per¬
fection in form and points, weighing from 175 to 200
pounds each; seven months old. Four unregistered
but full-blooded C. W. Boars, 14 months old; all
magnificent animals; must bo sold to make room.
Guaranteed Tuttle Strain S. and J). C. R. 1. R. Eggs
for hatching, $1.00 per 15; $5,00 per 100. Imperial
Pokin Duck Eggs, $1.00 per 11; $7.00 per 100. Two
Registered Jersey Bull Calves, four to five months
old, from heavy producing stock and Pogis blood.
RED CHOICE STOCK OF EITHER SEX
PQLLED AT SPRINGDALE FARM
- . . ' Prices reasonable
■ TLE E. J. ADAMS, Adams Basin, N. Y*
COWS FOR SALE
60 TO 150 HEAD ALWAYS ON HAND
New milkers and forward springers, in car lots,
$.•>0.00 to $55,00, Tlie big, young, heavy milkers—
Holsteins, Guernseys, Ayrsliires, Dm hams and big
Devon. Family cows, shipped to all parts, $60.00.
All cows guaranteed. Consult:
P. L. HAWLEY
H. R. Tel. 99. R. STILLWATER, SARATOGA CO., N. Y.
REGISTERED AYRSHIRES — Bull Radnor Fizzaway, 3
II years, Dull calf, yearling lieifer. Reasonable.
MISS MOORE, 386 Washington Street, New York.
CTERIJXG DILI, FARMS— CHESHIRE
SWINE — Orders booked for Spring Pigs reg¬
istered stock and grades; large litters and best of
breeding. Bioelow 8 Swain, Oodensbura, Sussex Co., N.J.
nhpQtpr WhitPQ Enquiries promptly answered.
OIICDICI "miw Eugene t‘ Black, Scio, N. Y.
rurcm»re The pig Kr°w °u pasture.
1 . n SawII 8 K ■ \ Good grazers, active and
hardy; cheap pork-makers.
OOMETHING NICE— Duroc Jersey Swine, Partridge
O and Golden Rock Chickens, Bourbon Red
Turkeys, Embden Geese, Crested White Ducks.
J. H. LEWIS, R. No. 2, Cadiz, Ohio.
Alfalfa Lodge Yorkshires
Short Nose Type, March Pigs.
JOHN G. CUKTIS - - Rochester, N. Y.
BERKSHIRES BOARS
Six months to one year old. Grandsons of Star
Masterpiece. Prices $20.00 to $35.00.
SPRING HILL FARM, White Haven, Pa .
Sunny 3ank Farm Berkshires For Sale— 3 Service Boars. Book
Masterpiece and Longfellow Breedings. Prices reasonable.
Registration tree, A. F. Junes, |{ox 117, Brirfgehumpton, N.Y*
MILCH GOATS— Toggenberg; % blood buck kids, perfectly
HI marked ; two months old. Also young half-blood buck.
Other grade Toggenbefgs. E. N. Barrett, Bedford Ilills. N.Y
Milk PrndlTfPIW ,or New York City market
milK riuuuterfc desil.ing information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville. N. Y.
S. C. W. LEGHORN EGGS FOR HATCHING
15 for $1.50, $7.00 per ]00. Baby Chicks, 15c. each.
Pens headed by choice cockerels direct from D. W.
Young. E. M. YOUNG, Edenville, N. Y.
di U. W. LBgllOrnS tion, Si'/.e, vigor and whit
ness: 100 grand yearling hens mated with mal
hatched from I). W. Young's $15 eggs. Eggs, $1.
per 15; $5.00 for 100. Baby chicks, $10 per 100.
. HICKORY ISLAND FARM, Clayton, N.
When you write advertisers mention The
K. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
"square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
uunNAii 1 E.C.U i rnuiLLl YUUK EYES
Indispensable to the farmer who epiay«, threshes, whitewashes,
mills or in any disa¬
greeable out doorwork. Abso¬
lutely dust and wind pmof.
jSampIe pair prepaid 50c.
Money refunded if not en¬
tirely satisfactory.
Agents Wanted
SPECIALTY MANUFACTURING CO., Richmond, Va.
RUNNING WATER
WHEN AND WHERE YOU WANT IT
Water pumped day and night automatically
from nearby stream, pond or spring,
expense ; no attention ; no repairs.
FOSTER Suty RAM
e.- .
No
A
is low In
- - - - - - first cost
,and high in efficiency. No
attention or expense to main¬
tain. Write us for Freo Book
of helpful suggestions.
POWER SPECIALTY COMPANY
1 11 Broadway, New York
INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL
75 cents per hundred, $10.00 per ton. F. O. B Ash-
ville, Pa. Send for FREE booklet “Hotv to Grow
Alfalfa.” Dr. H. SOMERVILLE, Chest Springs,
Cambria Comity, Pa.
Bees on the Farm
will help you get more pleasure and more profit
from Bee keeping. 6 months trial subscription 25c.
Book on Bees and Catalog of Supplies sent free. «
THE fl. I. ROOT COMPANY, Box 65, MEDINA, OHIO
WANTFIl~BflBY CHICKS Rl,0,le Island Reds- Name
(Vnll I LU price and how soon they can be
shipped. CHESTER CREST, Mount Vernon, N.Y.
S, C, White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
yearlmgsand 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCREST
POULT KY FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
MAPLE COVE FARM
Leghorns, Rocks. Wyandottes, Reds, Cochins, Pekin
Ducks and White Emdon Geese. Send forcatalogue
. ATHENS, PA'
MAPLE COVE FARM
R. D. 24
S C. RHODE ISLAND REDS §gj|
At The Horseshoe Road Poultry Farm
WM. R. BURKHOLDER,
ing. Write for
prices. Address
Box 152, R. 5, Lancaster. Pa.
T>I Ft. WHITE AND BLACK OU PIN ft TON EGGS for
" hatching. Best American and English strains— Cook
Smiswiek, Owen Karin, Kellerstriiss. $5,00 for thirteen
eggs. I. 15. CLARKE, It. F. I)., Hempstead, N. Y.
Black Orpiagtons itatWn®
winners mated with males bred by May Irwin'
Eggs at farmers’ prices. F. B. GARNSEY, Clayton. N. Y.
ORPINGTONS, S. C. BLACK AND WHITE R. C. BUFFS— Eggs
u from exhibit ion stock. $2.00 for 15. Stock for
sale. R. M. MORRISON. Lyme, N. II.
EGGS AND STOCK from Thoroughbreds — White Orping¬
tons, Buff Orpingtons, White Wyandottes and But!
■Wvandottes, White Rocks and Burred Rocks, Rhode
Island Reds, Black Minerals. SI. T. JIOOItE, Sy mouse, N, Y.
(~m;ystal white Orpingtons. Keiierstrass
Strain— Eggs from a select pen, $2.50 for 15,
—Eggs from a select pe
GEO. BOWDISH, Es
SPERANCE, N. Y.
WHITE WYANDOTTES^'SVrS
me for 12 years. Large, fine birds, splendid layers.
Have been winning for 5 years. Eggs, high fertility,
100, $5.00, Sitting, $1.00, WILLIAM 0. BURR, Fairfield, Conn.
Huiin Lake Poultry Farm MS’- „«•
vVluteWyandotte Chicks, $12per 101). Eggs, taper 100.
T) C. B. MINORCAS ; great layers; eggs. $1.00
1V> for 15. GEO. BOWDISH, Esporance" N. Y.
Elewen First Prizes
At lending Poultry Shows, India.. Runner Ducks and
Rouen Ducks. Madison Square Garden Winners our Rose-
comb Black Minorcas won Silver Cup at Paterson, and
Barred Plymouth Rocks. All eggs $2.00 per 15. $3.50 per 30
$.S per 100. Also pure bred Angora Goats and Collie Dogs
$10 and up. CLARK FARM, BOONTON, N. J
UflNPC R0SE C0MB RH0DE ISLAN0 TIID/CVO
llUIlL O REDSAN0 MAMMOTH BRONZE I UtHVlIO
Eggs and baby chicks from high class matings
at reasonable prices, quality considered. Safe ar¬
rival and satisfaction guaranteed on all orders.
D. R. HONE, Crescent Hill Farm, Sharon Sprinqi, N. Y.
CPPQ_INmAN KENNER DUCKS-Barred
LUUU ^ymouth Rocks, Mammoth Bronze Tur*
*oys and Pearl Guineas. Write for free
Price list. POPLAR LAWN FARMS, West Falls, N. Y.
Pm. Qa]0 Two carloads Prime Alfalfa Hay.
^ OalG W. W. Porter, Syracuse, N. Y.
150 Farms POE SA,'E 0HE4P
and map free.
in fertile
Delaware Valley. New catalogue
Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
P 1. 10 A SIS semi a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
* mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter,
Eggs, Poultry. Pork, Calves. Hay, Grain, Beans,
Appies. etc. 1!. II. WOODWARD, 3m: Ureeimieh St., N.Y.
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York,
Poultry, Eggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
Boston Produce Go.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St., - Boston.
JOHN C. QUICK CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 34 JAY STREET, NEW YORK
POULTRY FARM EGGSoUR SPECIALTY.
QUICK Returns Our Motto. Established 1855
HANDY BINDER
JUST the thing for preserving files of
The Rural New-Yorker. Durable
and cheap. Sent postpaid for 25 cents.
<Ihe RURAL NEW-YORKER,
409 Pearl Street, New York City
L
680
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
May 6, 1911.
HUMOROUS
Jones : “Hi, Smith, who are you work¬
ing for?” Smith: “Same people. Wife
and five kids.” — Lampoon.
“This contributor stole his poem from
Shakespeare.” “We’ll fix that fellow.
Just print it and then send Shakespeare
a marked copy.” — Toledo Blade.
Conductor to Passenger: “We ran
over a cat down the line.” Passenger:
“Was the cat on the line?” Conductor:
“Why, of course not. We chased up
an alley after her.” — Chicago Daily
Socialist.
“Aunt Mary, this is my friend, Mr.
Spiffkins.” “Pm sorry, I didn’t quite
catch the name.” “Mr. Spiffkins.” “I’m
really very deaf; would you mind re¬
peating it?” “Mr. Spiffkins.” “I’m
afraid I must give it up — it sounds to
• me just like ‘Spiffkins.’” — Punch.
“On the one hand,” said the teacher,
pointing a long finger to the map on
the class-room wall, “we have the far-
stretching country of Russia. On the
other hand — what do we see on the
other hand, Tommy?” “Warts!” haz¬
arded Tommy, hopeless with fright.” —
Tit-Bits.
Native: “Why did you leave the
civilized East and come out here to the
wild, unsettled West to live?” New¬
comer: “Because the folks around where
I lived slandered me and said mean
things about me.” Native : “Why didn’t
3rou make them prove what they said?”
Newcomer : “They did.” — Chicago News.
The motorist emerged from beneath
the car and struggled for breath. His
helpful friend, holding the oil can,
beamed upon him. “I’ve just given the
cylinder a thorough oiling, Dick, old
man,” said the helpful friend. “Cylin¬
der,” said the motorist, heatedly, “that
wasn’t the cylinder; it was my ear!” —
Tit-Bits.
A near-sighted sportsman strolled into
a little hotel on the shores of Loch Car-
ron and, complaining, said: “Just seen a
Seal, shot at it three times, and missed
it each time.” At dinner an hour later
he sat next to a tourist who had a band¬
age round his head. “Had an acci¬
dent?” asked the sportsman. “Acci¬
dent,” growled the other. “Attempted
murder you mean. I was having a bath
about an hour ago, when some lunatic
with a gun fired' at me three time from
the shore and shot part of my ear off.
I don’t know why such animals are al¬
lowed out without a license.” Then si¬
lence reigned supreme. — London Tele¬
graph.
“I should like to chat with you a
while, Mrs. Duggan,” says the young
lady who has taken up settlement work.
“I want to talk with you about — ”
“Are ye one of them uplifters?” inter¬
rupts Mrs. Duggan, without taking her
hands from the washtub. “Well — in a
sense, that is my hope.” “Well, I've just
this to say. I was one day behind with
my washin’s last week because of help¬
ful visitin’ committee ladies, an’ from
now on them that wants to improve my
condition in life will either have to do
th’ washin’ while I sit an’ listen or pay
me 50 cents an hour f’r bearin’ them
through with an interested an’ aspirin’
expression.” — Judge.
SAVE HALF Your
int Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT — proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.”
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£^Try'’h.O
Vol. LXX. No. 4098.
NEW YORK, MAY 13, 1911.
WEEKLY, $1.00 PER YEAR
THE SUFFOLK HORSE.
A Noble Breed; Little Known.
The Suffolk, commonly called Suffolk Punch horse,
is the oldest recognized breed of draft horses in ex¬
istence, and the English Stud Book, Volume I., begins
with Crisp’s Plorse of Ufford, foaled in the year 1T68.
The Suffolk Horse Society of England describes the
Suffolk horse as follows: “Color: Bright red or
dark chestnut are the favorite colors, a star, a little
white on face, a few silver hairs is no detriment.
Head: Breedy with broad forehead. Neck: Deep
in collar, tapering gracefully toward the setting of
head. Shoulders : Long and muscular, well thrown
back at the withers. Carcass: Deep round ribbed
from shoulders to flank, with graceful outline in back,
loin and hind quarters, wide in front and behind (the
tail well set up with good second thighs). Legs:
Should be straight with fair sloping pasterns, big
knees and long, clean hocks on short cannon bones,
free from coarse hair. Elbows turned in regarded as
a serious defect. Feet:
having plenty of size,
with good circular form
protecting the frog.
Walk : Smart and true.
Trot: Well balanced all
around ; good action.
From the above de¬
scription it is apparent
that the Suffolk horse is
a chestnut in color with
a big body on short legs.
While they do not stand
as high from the ground
as other draft breeds,
yet when led upon the
scales, they compare with
any breed in regard to
weight. Stallions weigh
from 1400 to 2000 pounds,
and mares from 1200 to
2000 pounds. In Suffolk
County, England, the
home of the Suffolk
horse, a custom prevails
among the farmers of
feeding their horses but
twice a day and without
any intermission at the
noon hour, yet these
Suffolks thrive while
other breeds could not possibly, nor would anyone
expect them to, stand it. Our own experience has
been that they do as well as any other work horse
on half the amount of feed. For agility in comparison
with weight, they excel all other breeds. They are
the one breed of draft horses that is expected to trot
with a loaded wagon.
As a long lived breed, they are especially noted.
The Suffolk stallion Julian’s Boxer, foaled in 1803,
travelled the roads of Suffolk County during the
breeding season for 25 years, and the majority of
the present day Suffolk horses can be traced back to
this horse. The mare Diamond No. 591, foaled in
the year 1853, well known as the dam of Lofft’s Cup¬
bearer 842, was one of 16 foals from the same dam
in 16 years. In temper, they are docile in the ex¬
treme. fliey do not need breaking, they are born to
work. The writer has visited every well-known Suf¬
folk stud in England, yet never was a vicious stallion
seen. Mr. W. Anson, of Texas, writing for the Feb¬
ruary issue of “The Southern Planter,” writes: “The
query as to why the Suffolks, which bring such high
prices in England, are not bred more extensively is
a very natural one to a person not well up on horse
matters. An animal, to gain entry into the Suffolk
Stud Book, must be a Suffolk and he must be a
chestnut ; in other words, the Suffolk men cannot,
and they never could, go outside the Suffolk breed
to increase the numbers, something which can be said
of no other breed of draft horses. The Percheron
must come from a certain defined district in France,
the boundaries of which, it is whispered, are some¬
what elastic, so that it has been easy to produce many
Percherons; the Shire breed had many counties in
England to draw on when they started their stud
book, likewise the Clydesdales in Scotland, but the
Suffolk men had only the mares and stallions of this
local breed of chestnut horses, which had been handed
down to them by their yeomen ancestors, as distinct
in its characteristics and color 200 years ago as it is
to-day. With limited numbers to start on and a strong
foreign demand, the breeding stock has been always
restricted in numbers, so much so that the Suffolk
Society is now competing in the open market against
foreign buyers, purchasing brood mares to give to
tenant farmers in the county, on easy terms with a
guaranteed price for the foal at five months, hoping
in this way to increase the number of brood mares
at home. The United States has never been a heavy
buyer of Suffolks ; the average American stallion
dealer not being able to compete against the high
priced Australian and Argentine buyers. In Aus¬
tralia, the Suffolk is held in high esteem and they
bring enormous prices; the Australians like them on
account of their ability to withstand the conditions of
drought and short rations, and their wonderful ac¬
tivity, which enables them to travel long distances to
water and return to back ranges where grazing is
good. My own experience in West Texas, where I
have a small herd, corroborates this in every way.
Fauquier Co.. Va. f. w. okie.
SHALL IT BE HORSE OR MULE ?
On a large farm in western Massachusetts well adapted
to live stock, which will pay better — colts from a good
draft stallion or mules from superior jacks?
Horses for Northern Trade.
The question asked gets down to the question of
supply and demand, market prices and profit. Both
horses and mules of the better class are very high in
price, and a good profit can be made from either kind.
If your inquiry was from the South, I should say
raise mules (large ones) by all means,, as there are
nearly 500 mules used there to one horse, but in the
Eastern States the proportion of horses and mules in
use is nearly 500 horses to one mule, so my advice
would be to raise large smooth draft horses that will
bring the top price. The market price on horses
varies so greatly on the different classes that anyone
starting in to raise horses should be very careful, and
choose only breeding stock that will produce extra
good animals. The profit in the business is certain,
if this man raises stock having size and quality, and to
get size in draft colts they
should be fed for moder¬
ately early maturity. The
best months for breeding,
I believe, are April, May
and June, September, Oc¬
tober and November. It
looks to me as if this in¬
quiry came from a man
that is on the right track
as cheap land, a high-
priced product and good
markets mean success.
After writing the above
I would like to ask a
question : Why are the
Eastern farmers buying
most of their work
horses at the present high
prices, instead of raising
them? What is the most
practical remedy for the
present conditions? Let’s
talk it over. e. s. akin.
New York.
Sheep Might Be Best.
I know nothing about
mules except that in my
boyhood in Maryland we
found them stubborn at
times and not as versatile as the horses. As to the
relative profits, I know nothing, but would be inclined
to think the class of help to be had in New England
would be apt to get along better with horses than
mules. There is always a great demand for draft
horses anywhere, and your inquirer will find that they
are easily broken and fitted for market, while the
mules, unless they are very different from those of my
boyhood days, need some one brought up on them to
fully understand and get along with them. A practi¬
cal farmer who was at the head of the farming opera¬
tions of an estate of over 3,000 acres, where they had
mules that they paid from $700 to $1200 per pair for,
told me he found they could not do as much work as
the horses, and contrary to his impressions, they were
more often in the hospital, and that he would never
have one on the place if he had a place of his own;
they have not bought any mules on this farm for over
10 years. Mules are not in as much demand North
as the horses are, so that the market is in a measure
682
THE RURAIv NEW-YORKER
restricted for them. If I had a theory and money,
and wanted to experiment on mules, I would do so.
If I wanted to make a farm pay dividends, of the two
would surely breed draft horses in preference to
mules. If I had the land and money to fence it prop¬
erly and wanted to make it pay for sure, would raise
wool and mutton, if the farm was adapted to it.
Vermont. c. a. chapman.
Study the Business Yourself.
I am not in a position to give facts, having no ac¬
counts at hand to compare, but my opinion would be,
there would be but little difference in the cost of
growing a 1500-pound horse or mule, and as but few
mules attain a greater weight, the comparison would
cease at that point. If the inquirer has a taste for
the larger horses, he would make more money raising
them, for as a rule a man does best at the task he has
a taste for, if he has no training in either line. If
your man has no experience along either line, or with
professional horsemen, and no funds that he can afford
to part with, he would better leave the business alone.
You probably will receive replies from the fanciers
of the different breeds, each extolling the merits of
his pet breed and attempting to show all the demerits
of all the others, but the man who can take any one
of the different breeds according to his fancy, whether
it be French, Belgian, Scotch or British, and turn
out a good individual horse or mule, will get good
money for him. But without the experience he would
better put in a season visiting different establishments,
watching their methods and the development of the
different breeds under the differing conditions, the
while studying the different live stock market reports,
and at the end of the season he will be able to de¬
cide which class is best adapted to his soil and the
conditions he can give them, also decide the time to
market his product. geo. l. Gordon.
Stand Up for the Mule.
For the farmer who wants to go into the business
for the profit, mules are much better, and a safer
proposition. In the first place, mules can be raised at
much less expense, and they will grow on less and
coarser feeds than horses. Yon can put from 15 to
50 young mules in a bunch and grow them up, and it
is very seldom that one will get a scratch or bump
on them, while if you will put any number of colts
together and grow them up, at maturity one-half will
not be sound. You can sell your mules at any age
and find many buyers, from weanlings to aged ones,
and they never have to be sold at auction. There
are always plenty of buyers for them, and on the other
hand horses have to be got ready, broken and fixed
up for sale. You will find on the great horse and mule
market, at St. Louis, Missouri, most of the horses
are sold at auction, while all of the mules are sold
privately. We would advise getting as heavy mares
as possible and crossing them on a good Kentucky
Mammoth jack. j. F. cook & co.
Kentucky.
MRS. HOUDAN, THE FROST-PROOF HEN.
Since mentioning the Houdan breed of poultry early
in the year, there has been a steady stream of corre¬
spondence about Mrs. Houdan. Few Americans ap¬
parently ever saw one of these birds. We were glad
therefore to receive the following:
I am enclosing a photograph of one of my Houdan hens.
I have been very much interested in the articles in your
paper on the “frost-proof hen.” I have been breeding
them for a number of years, and like them very much.
Thinking that some of your readers might be anxious to
know just what a purebred Houdan looks like I am sending
you the picture. E. s.
Wigton, Ta.
The picture of Mrs. Houdan is shown at Fig. 109.
Look at the head closely and you will see the re¬
semblance to a bearded man wearing a high fur cap.
If Mrs. Houdan should be sent to Congress you would
find something like the following in the directory:
The Houdans are of French origin, taking their name
from the town of Houdan, which is situated in the center
of the district where they were first largely raised. They
were, and are to-day, largely kept by the French peasants
and farmers as a market fowl, a producer of eggs and
meat. From France they were introduced into England,
and mainly through England into the United States,
somewhere about 50 years ago. Several importations were
also made direct from France, but these birds were of a
slightly different type from those that were brought to
this country by way of England. In shape they are
square, and rather long-bodied ; in color black, mottled
with white. The new American Standard of Perfection
gives their weights as cocks, 7% pounds; hens, 6V2
pounds; cockerels, 6% pounds; pullets, 5% pounds. We
find cock birds that will go at times as high as 10 pounds,
and hens to eight pounds. Their most distinguishing fea¬
ture to the eye is their large globular crest, and like the
Dorking, they have an extra or fifth toe.
Greece is growing cotton and will probably soon sup¬
ply its own demand.
MANURE AND FERTILIZER NOTES.
How Much Water in Slaked Lime ?
We pay $4.20 per ton for gray lime, freshly water-
slaked, still warm, and damp enough to scatter with little
dust. I do not know analysis. About what should we pay
for such lime unslaked? What does lime gain in weight
by slaking? J.
Let us get these figures by heart. A pure lime¬
stone contains 56 pounds of lime to the 100. When
burned there will be 56 pounds of ‘'lump” lime. When
this lime takes up water it is “slaked.” . The 56
pounds will make 74 pounds of dry slaked lime. It
therefore takes up a little more than one-third its
weight of water. Some samples will hold more water
than is needed to do this slaking, but chemically the
lime takes one-third its weight of water.
Chemicals with Stable Manure.
Can I use stable manure and commercial fertilizer suc¬
cessfully the same season ? g. m.
Michigan.
Certainly you can if you want to, but it might not
pay to do so on all crops. Ordinary stable manure
will contain in each ton about 10 pounds of nitrogen,
six of phosphoric acid and 12 of potash. Most crops,
and particularly vegetables and fruit, show a great
demand for potash and phosphoric acid. A properly
balanced fertilizer for these crops should have three
. times as much or more of phosphoric acid as of nitro¬
gen and nearly as large a proportion of potash. Thus
with stable manure it may pay well to use acid phos¬
phate and muriate of potash, since these chemicals do
not contain nitrogen, but supply the other elements.
What is Acid Phosphate ?
On page 165, John Gould of Ohio has an article on
raising Salvia. He speaks of using acid phosphate for
fertilizer. 1 have made inquiries here for same, but am
unable to purchase it or find some one who knows what
it is, neither can I find it listed in the leading seed cata¬
logues. R. J.
Stillwater, Minn.
We are expected to explain this about three times
a year for new readers. In various parts of the coun¬
try are deposits of “phosphate rocks.” It is supposed
that those represent the petrified remains of animals
belonging to an age now extinct. The theory is that
they died in large numbers in certain sections — their
bones changing to a form of soft rock which contains
25 per cent or more of phosphoric acid. This rock is
dug up and ground to a fine powder. In this raw
condition it is called “floats,” and is quite largely
used in this form. To make this phosphate soluble in
water and thus “available” to plants the “floats” or
powdered rock is mixed with sulphuric acid. This
“cuts” or dissolves the rock and gives what is called
“acid phosphate,” which is the most common form of
using phosphoric acid in fertilizers. This is handled
by most fertilizer dealers.
A “Complete Liquid Fertilizer,’’
Will you give recipe for a complete liquid fertilizer to
be used on poor land lacking in humus, where no manure
is used in solid state or mulch, and nothing allowed to
grow to make humus? The land is planted to ornamental
shrubs and vines. • VR. b.
Lake Bay, Wash.
. Fresh liquid manure from different kinds of stock
will show this analysis — pounds in one ton :
Nitrogen. Phos. Acid. Potash.
Horse . 31 30
Cow . 12 10
Sheep . 40 46
Hog . 9 17
There is hardly enough phosphoric acid in any of
the liquids to consider. It is true of all liquid manures
that they contain most of the potash and the soluble
nitrogen, but little if any phosphoric acid. To make
an artificial liquid equal to that front the horse you
could use nitrate of soda and muriate of potash in
water. A ton of water means about 250 gallons, so
that each gallon should contain about two ounces of
nitrogen, since there are 496 ounces in a ton. Ordin¬
ary nitrate of soda contains 16 per cent of nitrogen,
which means 2)4 ounces to each pound of nitrate, .so
that 14 ounces of the nitrate to a gallon of water
would be needed to give the nitrogen in a gallon of
horse liquid. As for potash, 30 pounds or 4S0 ounces
are found in the 250 gallons which make the ton.
This means 1.9 ounce of potash in each gallon. Muri¬
ate of potash is 50 per cent potash — therefore you
need to the gallon 3.8 ounces of muriate of potash.
This would give you a liquid containing as much
plant food as that from the horse, but it would not
be safe to use it on ordinary plants. We should use
three gallons 6f water to one of the liquid, and even
then it would not be a balanced fertilizer. It contains
no phosphoric acid and not enough potash in propor¬
tion to the nitrogen. As a safe rule it would be
wise to plan for at least three times as much phos¬
phoric acid as of nitrogen and nearly as much of
potash. A good sample of acid phosphate will contain
14 per cent of soluble phosphoric acid, the nitrate of
soda contains 16 per cent nitrogen, and muriate of
May 13,
potash 50 per cent of potash. Thus a proportion of
one pound of muriate, 3)4 of acid phosphate and one
pound of muriate would give about the proportion of
plant food here mentioned. We should use this com¬
bination of chemicals in four gallons of water, ex¬
perimenting with more or less water on various crops
or plants until the right strength was found. Of
course you will not use this liquid on the plants. Pour
it on the soil a few inches away from the stem.
Spreading or Piling Manure.
Is manure better if I take it out of the stable and put
it on land, or should I leave it on a pile to rot and then
put it on land? H. a. g.
Lehigh ton, Pa.
This is an old question which no one seems to
settle definitely, because it does not depend entirely
on the quality of the manure. Time and labor enter
into the figuring. There can be no doubt that com¬
posting or rotting manure in a pile may improve its
quality. The manure becomes finer and the plant-
food more available if the manure is properly hand¬
led in the pile. For gardening or wherever fine
manure is needed, we would rather pile the manure
and haul out when wanted. On the other hand, there
is likely to be some loss from drainage or fermenta¬
tion when the manure is not properly handled. The
great advantage in hauling direct from the stable is
that the work is done before the rush of Spring comes
on. You gain much time. The fresh manure is not
in as good shape as when fermented in a pile, and
may turn out coarse and chunky. Where it can be
put on a sod or level ground there will not be much
loss from this daily hauling. On a hillside we would
not spread from day to day. We have seen cases
where during rainstorms a sheet of water flowed over
the field. In such case there would be considerable
loss from spreading through the Winter. Piling the
manure properly will improve its quality, but it may
cost too much in time and labor to pay.
Different Kinds of Lime,
My farm is located in a limestone and Blue grass sec¬
tion, so I am interested in the question of burnt vs.
ground limestone. Does burnt limestone give the same
analysis as ground rock? Does the ground rock act to
neutralize acidity of soil? What is its action as com¬
pared with burnt rock? I am using acetylene for lights.
What is chemical analysis of well-slaked carbide? Should
it be used either as a fertilizer or a spray? J. m. g.
Bland, Va.
Here is another question which must be answered
over and over again. Limestone as taken from the
ground contains lime and carbonic acid. A pure sam¬
ple would contain in 100 pounds 56 of lime and 44
of carbonic acid. Thus in 100 pounds of such ground
limestone you would have 56 pounds of lime. Burn
this limestone in a kiln and you drive off all or
most of the carbonic acid and leave pure lime. This
would be lump, stone or “quick” lime. In 100 pounds
of it there would be about 98 pounds of lime com¬
pared with 56 in the ground limestone. Let this
“quick” or lump lime remain exposed to air or water
and it will “slake”— that is, take up a quantity of
water, until 100 pounds of the slaked lime will carry
about 76 pounds of actual lime. Thus 100 pounds of
good limestone gives you 56 pounds of lime, and 100
pounds of slaked or burnt lime gives you 76 pounds.
The ground limestone acts to neutralize acid, but
much more slowly than the burnt lime. For equal
results you should use twice as much of the limestone
as of the burnt lime. The refuse from the acetylene
plant is about the same in its effect as ground lime¬
stone, and should be used in the same way.
CULTIVATION FOR THE SUGAR CANE.
I notice many questions and answers regarding
agricultural matters printed in your excellent journal,
and ask your opinion as to the proper treatment of
cane fields as to cultivation after the new shoots are
up. The thermometer will stand at 82° in the shade
and in the direct sun 110° Fah. For two months at a
time there may be no rain, and each day from 10 until
five the trade winds will blow. The usual practice
after the cane is cut to the ground is to leave the
leaves spread evenly and turn in the cattle to tramp it
down and manure and in some cases to fork the
ground, thereby getting some of the leaves underneath.
At about the time the cane is cut the rainy season
(May) comes and thoroughly wets down the mass,
and the new shoots spring up from the roots which
are left from year to year. Until the next Spring the
field is not touched nor cultivated in any way, it
being the opinion that to cultivate would dry the
roots and lose the moisture claimed to be retained by
the covering of leaves from the last crop. There is
no attempt to provide for rows and spacing or culti¬
vation as is done in the North with corn growing,
and being so impressed with radical difference in
methods of cultivation I address your paper.
Island of Jamaica. h. m. doubeeday.
R. N.-Y. — We have had no experience in tropical
cane growing, but submit the question to our readers.
There are no doubt some among them who are com¬
petent to answer these questions.
1911.
THE RUR-A.lv NEW-YORKER
683
IMMIGRATING TO NEW YORK STATE.
What a Western Man Found.
Part III.
I bought the farm this way : I went back to the
agency and told them I wanted a farm with pos¬
session immediately; that it was a waste of time to
look at any other farm. The agent said, “I’ll show
you my own farm. You won’t have to pay any com¬
mission on that, and I’ll sell it to you right.” On
looking it over we agreed on $2,500, to take the farm
and crops, as it stood, except the wood and timber.
I paid $1,000 down and gave a mortgage for $1,500.
He bought the farm in April for about $2,700 and
sold it to me in June for $2,500, and sold the timber
later for $1,500. He hired a family to work it for him.
I arranged to move in on top of them until we could
readjust things and he could buy another farm. I
paid his man and fed his team. We pitched in to
sowing corn, planting potatoes and plowing for buck¬
wheat.
I found a man whose home was broken up. He
sold me his whole outfit of kitchen utensils, furni¬
ture, etc., at a remarkably low figure. Our home is
better furnished than ever before. I saw a farmer
who sold his farm and I bought wagons, sleighs,
harnesses and sulky plow, for $132. I bought two
horses from farmers; Dan, aged 12 years, at $100,
and Kitty, aged 15, at $75. These are both kind,
true, good workers, bays, and make a very satisfactory
team ; bought a new handmade work harness for $45,
a new mowing machine, $46, and hayrake, $24; small
tools too. There was with the place a horse hayfork
and rope. Every other thing loose had been carried
away. I looked all over for cows, but could not find
any at any reasonable figure. I bought from my next
neighbor four cows, two for $50 and two grade
Holsteins for $65. One of the latter I did not like,
and asked him to take it back, which he did. I bought
a flock of 30 sheep at $4. They were in poor condi-
dition. Three wethers I sold for $13.S5, and bought a
purebred Shropshire ram. An old ram was with the
flock, which I did not notice, and one sheep died. The
rest grew fat, and are in excellent condition except
for colds and coughs. I bought 50 hens at 50 cents.
These were on the place. They were the poorest buy
of all. I planted a garden, lettuce, radish, onions,
tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, Summer squash, Hub¬
bard squash, peas, beets, beans, turnips, sweet corn
popcorn and cabbage. Tomatoes promised a banner
crop, but rotted badly. Horseradish is prolific here.
From nine acres we thrashed 380 bushels of oats,
valuation 40 cents; from four acres we thrashed 63
bushels of buckwheat, valuation 55 cents ; from four
acres we dug 220 bushels of potatoes, valuation from
30 to 40 cents. About half of these were
wormy and small. We sold about 100
bushels, and about 75 bushels of oats.
We cut about 35 tons of hay. With
rigid economy we shall be able to keep
the hay and straw on the farm. The 10
acres of corn was cut for fodder, but
was almost a fizzle. We had a few
pears, a taste of excellent peaches, and
grapes, and lots of mulberries, but only
a taste of cider apples. During the
Summer a neighbor carried milk for 10
cents per 100 and we sold about $40
worth of milk at three and cents per
quart, till our Holstein cow presented us
with a fine heifer calf. This we are rais¬
ing, and have bought two veal calves at
$1 and sold them at four weeks for $15,
at seven cents per pound live weight;
have another calf now. She is a heifer,
too, but fear she will have to go for
veal. Eggs are gathered by a neighbor,
who pays a good price, a few cents
about the New York wholesale quota¬
tion. We have plenty of buckwheat for
pancakes every morning, and the chil¬
dren are growing fat. The farm will run
considerably behind this first year. In¬
terest and taxes are a heavy drain.
Taxes are widely advertised as about a
10-mill or one per cent tax, but really
are nearly two per cent. How the tax¬
payers here will consider it only one per
cent I cannot see. My valuation on this farm is $2200.
The timber not belonging to me made no difference
with the assessor. He valued the farm exactly as it
was valued in previous years. The school tax collec¬
tor came and collected a five-mill tax of $11. Then
the regular tax of one per cent, $22 ; highway, $7.10 ;
dog, 50 cents; collector’s fee, 40 cents, made altogether
over $40 tax, nearly two per cent.
We had been brought up in the East, and know its
conservatism and exclusiveness. Our reception in -
did not really surprise us. Up here on the hill is a
little Methodist Episcopal church, with service every
second Sunday. We went to church, arriving a little
late. The pastor soon finished his sermon; then he
said, “Is this Mr. Cary?’ “Yes, sir.” “Well, Mr.
Cary, we are glad to have you with us. We want
A FROZEN POTTED STRAWBERRY PLANT. Fio. 19!).
3rou to be at home here. Will you please come up
here with your family?” We marched up. He said,
“Friends, this is Brother Cary and his family. Come
up and tell them you are glad to have them here.”
So they all crowded about us, shook our hands, and
them in the cellar. We reckoned it would be a long
time before we would enjoy the confidence and esteem
of the new neighbors. But we have been welcomed
everywhere, and one thing pleased me. I looked at
the flock of purebred sheep and admired them. I
told the owner I would like a ram, but had no money.
I thought I was a stranger to him. He said, “That’s
all right. Pay when you can.” I offered to give him
a note, but he refused. “Pshaw! You’re all right,
Cary.”
I am clerk of the school board and assistant super-,
intendent of the Sunday school.
This paper is presented in detail as the record of an
experiment. There are certain agencies at work en¬
couraging many people to make this same trial. There
is before every bookkeeper in the land an “ideal”
home; it is a farm. “Back to the farm” is the cry
which is tempting many. In the second place, this is
an experiment on a “hill” farm. To the initiated, the
hill farms offer a serious problem to this State and
to the nation. In New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania
are 10,000,000 acres of hill farms which have been
drained of fertility’, badly farmed and abandoned or
in process of abandonment by the native farmers.
Are you equipped mentally, physically and financially
to turn the tide of decay to prosperity? If you would
know this problem of the hills, the Department of
Agriculture has two bulletins, Bureau of Soils, Bulle¬
tin No. 60, “A Preliminary Report on the Volusia
Soils, their Problems and Management;” Bureau of
Plant Industry, Circular No. 64, “Agricultural Condi¬
tions in Southern New York.” If I succeed it may
mean encouragement to many of our hill people. The
problems and solutions I shall be glad to present in
detail as they are undertaken, the problem of old
buildings, old orchards, worn-out soil. The experi¬
ments with poultry, cows, pigs, horses and sheep, which
a novice must make, will have plenty of blunders.
Sometimes we can learn from others’ mistakes; and
comment and criticism will help us all.
Tioga Co., N. Y. Joseph p. cary.
COST OF SPRAYING LIME-SULPHUR.
We have two peach orchards, an old one of 500
trees and another of 625 four-year-old trees, besides
a few old apple trees. Until last year we had used
crude oil, with a kero-w'ater pump in spraying. We
never found any damage to the trees by the proper
use of oil, and have been almost unable to find any
scale of late. But the scale conquered, the curl -leaf
appeared, so last year (1910) we decided to use lime-
sulphur spray. Not wanting to invest in an outfit nor
desiring to do the work either, we hired the spraying
spoke words of welcome and kindliness. Those kind done. - They used 1800 gallons with a gasoline power
words have been followed by deeds of kindness, sprayer at four cents a gallon, costing $72. The young
orchard was then only three years old, and
they did not spray the outside apple trees.
This year we could not hire it done, so we
bought the commercial or ready-pre¬
pared lime-sulphur at $9.50 per barrel
of 50 gallons. This was 50 cents to $1
cheaper per barrel than the dealers
asked, as we ordered direct from the
manufacturers. We used about 1050
gallons (dilute) with the two barrels of
lime-sulphur. This would make the cost
about two cents a gallon. It would not
be so much on a weaker solution. It
took two of us five days, or a little less
really, to do all the spraying this year,
apples, trees and all. Besides, this year
the young orchard was much larger,
there being a growth of two to three
feet on the younger trees. It could have
been done in less time by taking more
water on the wagon or having a tank.
The orchard was by the house, so we
drove and filled the barrel every time,
taking 20 to 30 minutes. Part of the
work was done with the large barrel, or
piston of the kero-water, but not giving
pressure enough alone we got a new
pump. This gave a better spray, wet
quicker, but pumps harder. Cost was :
Two barrels lime-sulphur at $9.50, $19;
five days man and team at $4. $20; five
days man at $1.50, $7.50 ; total, $46.50 ;
adding cost of pump (new), $10; total,
$56.50. Not counting cost of pump, evidently we have
clearly saved $25.50 cash, did more work and did a
more thorough job of spraying. Since the team really did
not count in the actual cost, as they would have
stood in the stable if we had hired it done, the actual
cost this year was two barrels material, $19 ; 10 days’
time, $15, or $34 actual cash outlay. We have the
pump for future use and spraying for Coddling moth,
etc. We would like to know if anyone else has had
any comparisons. w. G.
MRS. HOUDAN HEN-THE FROST-PROOF BIRD. Fig. 200.
Every evening one or two drove up to call until all
had called. One brought seed buckwheat to be re¬
turned at harvest time. Another offered his reaper
for the oats. We are short of “help” on the hill, so
we “change work.” When the thrashers came we all
turned out and moved along from farm, feasting at
each farm. Then we pay each other off digging pota¬
toes, cutting corn or buckwheat or sawing wood. A
field of potatoes looks big till a jolly crowd soon puts
68-4
TH IrC RURAL, NEW -Y OR IN KK
May 13,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[ Every query must be accompanied by the
name and address of the writer to insure
attention. Before asking a question, please see
whether it is not answered in our advertising
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time.
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.]
Hen Manure for Corn.
J. Q. B., East Dorset, Vt.~- What is the
right way to use hen manure on a corn¬
field ? I have a lot that I have saved
from the droppings boards, mixed with land
plaster. Would it be proper to drop it in
the hill and put a little dirt over it and
then drop corn on it, or would this burn
the roots when the corn sprouted?
Ans. — The “right way” is the most
economical way, all things considered.
This will depend on circumstances. We
would like to crush the dried manure
and mix it with chemicals as often ex¬
plained. This might mean too much
work or expense to be “right” for you.
We should plant the corn first and
then scatter the crushed hen manure
over and around the corn hill. Then
work it in with hoe or cultivator. We
should expect to get more out of it this
way than when put in the hill with the
seed.
Preparing Soil for Next Season.
E. R. K., Sharon, Mass. — I have a piece
of ground that I do not want to use for
a garden this year, but I want it to be
in best condition for next year. This piece
was covered with young birch trees which
were cut out and the ground plowed and
harrowed. Nothing was grown on it last
season. Would it be best to plow and har¬
row it this Spring and plant some crop
to be plowed under this Fall and then
left till next Spring planting? What
should be planted for a green manure?
Should something else be put in to be
planted in the Fall and turned under in
the Spring? This is a good loam with
hardpan three feet down, slight slope to
south.
Ans.— The great thing to do with all
such soil is to get as much vegetable
matter as possible into it. As a rule, too,
such soil is sour and needs lime. We
should plow it early and sow Canada
field peas. Let them grow until they
mature and then plow them under. Then
sow rye and Hairy vetch together and
let this crop occupy the land until the
next Spring, when it may be plowed
under. It would help if you could use
a good dressing of lime when seeding
the peas.
That Southern Corn. — The present
week has brought me several letters
from R. N.-Y. readers to explain more
fully about the silage corn mentioned in
a recent communication. I have little
to add to that already said, beyond say¬
ing that while I think it the best variety
for us in northern Ohio, where we are
on an average of 1100 feet above the
sea, with a full 120 days good corn
weather, I have doubts about more
northern localities. While it is a na¬
tive to and grown upon the plateaus of
the highest Blue Ridge, I would not ex¬
pect it to do well on the ridges of
northern New York, or New England.
It finds great favor here, because of its
strong germinating power, rapid growth,
profuse earing, and for large corn, early
maturing. In its local habitation, it is
the regular field corn, is no new inven¬
tion to “fill a long felt want,” but trans¬
ferred to a new locality, “grows like
everything,” as expressed by a delighted
old farmer. While the corn ripens
here, it is not wise to plant this seed,
as it “goes wild,” and only reproduces
itself in part. JOHN GOULD.
Ohio.
WANT TO KNOW
Vegetable Cellar. — Will you tell us how
to make an outside celler for storing vege¬
tables and fruit during Winter? a. a. u.
South Haven, Mich.
Vermin-Proof Granary. — You know it is
difficult to keep feed away from mice and
rats. My old corn crib- is worn out, and
I wish to build a structure entirely rat and
mouse-proof for holding both corn and feed.
I would like it to hold a ton or two of
feed, as one can get it cheaper in quanti¬
ties. 1 have in mind making first a con¬
crete floor under all, then put up a frame¬
work and cover this on sides and top with
fine wire mesh. The part of this building
for corn should of course be open work,
and where feed is kept it must be closed up
reasonably well. I don’t know just the
most convenient plan for arranging the in¬
side of this structure. Could some of your
readers give me a nice, practical plan for
such a building? I am tired of feeding rats
and mice. E. m. c.
New Jersey.
No doubt some of our readers will give
just the needed plans for the interior. A
rat-proof house should be built off the
ground so that rats cannot climb into it.
Make concrete posts at least three feet high,
and put the house on them. Have movable
steps and do not let them rest against
the house at any time when not needed.
Take them away after leaving the house.
Do not permit any rubbish, piles of lumber
or anything from which rats could jump
near the house. If you follow these plans
exactly rats cannot get into the house.
A Virginia Farm. — Some time ago I saw
the statement that some Western man had
been back East, and he stated in his letter
that he would not take an Eastern farm
as a gift. As I am a Western man, coming
here from the best State for agricultural
purposes in the United States, I mean the
State of Iowa, I want to make a statement
taken from my farm books for seven years.
I bought a farm here in this part of old
Virginia in 1902, 138 acres for $5,000, and
took possession March, 1903. I rented this
farm out on the half for stock and grain ;
we went partners in the stock, sheep and
hogs and a few cattle, both living on the
farm, as we -had a 12-room house divided
by a hall, six rooms on each side, and have
received for my share for the seven years
$3,800, an average of $550 a year on an
investment of $5,000. I have paid out for
commercial fertilizer, $350 in the seven
years, and my farm to-day is worth double
what I paid for it. If the farms in Iowa
that are selling for $100 and in many cases
$150 per acre, can be rented out at a better
per cent, than this on the investment, I
should be pleased to hear from them. So
much for poor run-down land. I should
mention the crop of 1910 : We have not
sold all as yet; I have had eight crops
from the farm, one is not all sold yet. We
hope to spend the next Winter about 100
miles south of the point where the three-
gallon cow refused to lead for the Hope
Farm man. s. a. s.
Shenandoah County, Va.
Hairy Vetcii in Pcget Sound Country.
— I have grown it for a soil improver on
heavy clay soil, dressed very lightly with
stable manure, and at blossoming time it
was over four feet high. Sown October 20,
with rye as a support, it made little growth
during the Fall, and the rye made a cutting
in May before the vetch started ; then both
came along together. This soil had been
worked but twice with the plow, one plow¬
ing being the breaking. Our Winters are
mild, but cool nights the year round retards
growth of grasses. I have found that
Spring vetch answers just as well as the
Hairy or Winter vetch for this section, and
it costs one-third less for seed. This clay
upland is entirely without humus in its
virgin state, and must be built up for the
growing of truck and small fruits, though
strawberries do very well on new ground
without any fertilization. I have fruited
them at the rate of 3400 boxes per acre, sin¬
gle and double row system, but the market
drops to as low as 75 cents per crate in
about two weeks. No inoculating for
legumes here ; clover taking “like a duck
to water.” This big timbered country is
difficult to clear and put into a state for
crop growing, but when the price of land,
the quality of water and climate, the fuel
and low price of building material, com¬
pared with other sections, are taken into
consideration, I doubt if a man with very
small means can find a better chance for a
start toward a home of his own. One can
set his fruit trees after slashing and burn-
ing and clear the laud afterward ; I did. In
a few years most of the small stumps can
be kicked over. The egg and poultry mar¬
kets of Seattle and Tacoma are good ; cost
of feed very reasonable, and housing is cheap,
three tight sides to a building and a good
roof. My houses are entirely open in front
all the year, no curtains : but three-inch
mesh wire netting for protection from cats,
owls, etc. The stumps decay while the chick¬
ens fertilize the soil. A splendid crop of
any clover can be had by sowing after burn¬
ing. and chicks like clover, as we know,
while one can harvest rape, kale and any of
the root crops as needed for chickens and
cows throughout the Winter. Fine apples
are grown here, and I have had the Wage-
ner fruit at three years old. But one can
sure get his start with poultry.
Pierce Co., Wash. F. H. w.
About 25 years ago New Zealand began
shipping dairy products to England. Last
year the amount received from this source
was 21,946 tons of butter and 23,745 tons
of cheese. Owing to its climate New
Zealand is very favorably situated for
dairying, and by the help of the govern¬
ment a superior system of inspection and
marketing has been developed.
N0VENT0
WATER-PROOF
ROOFING
For Roofing, Sheathing'
and Lining' Poultry Houses
and all Outbuilding's : : :
Clean Durable
HIS is a Water and Air-Proofing
of which you are always sure —
which you can absolutely depend
upon to thoroughly protect your chickens
and stock from dampness and draughts.
Just see how well Novento is made.
First it is thoroughly soaked through and
through with the heaviest kind of a water¬
proofing compound ; then it is heavily
coated on both sides so that air or water
cannot even get through the surface, let
alone through the inside.
We will be glad to send on request
samples of Novento Roofing so that you
may see how sturdy and well-made it is
and how very low is the price we ask for it.
Send a postal now to
The Hydrex Felt Ci Engineering Co.,
120 Liberty Street, New York
Works: Rahway, N. J.
60c
per
100
Square
Feet
Odorless
Try the DELIN
ff/t/r Your Money /oYovrPoc/tef
Try it for 30 days on your own roads; then,
if you find it entirely satisfactory , you pay
us. Buggies--all Gtvles-and harness at lowest
wholesale prices, direct to you, on approval.
No Cash With Order— No Deposit
« DELIN ” offers more liberal terms and
better values than you can get elsewhere.
Our FREE 1911 Catalog trives full information. Show*
metal auto seat buKgries and hundreds
of other dandy styles. Get acquainted
with the values we offer also with our
exclusive “DKLIN” terms. Write for
FREE CATALOG Today.
The Delin Carriage Co.
17 38, Central Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio
PALMER HOIST
Horses are busy in haying time. Belt your
gasoline engine to a Palmer Hoist
and unload your bay. Can be used
for hoisting ice or anything
where a lioister is used.
Price $35
If you have no gaso¬
line engine, we can sell
you a Palmer. Self-oiling
6 Ii. P. engine for $1.30.
Catalogue Free
PALMER BROS.
CoMiob, Conn.
“CUTAWAY”
arc the results of
George M. Clark’s
20 years’ experience
with grass growing and hay-tool making.
The original “Cutaways” are great labor
savers as well as big crop makers. Send
today for our new booklet “Intensive
Cultivation.” It’s free.
CUTAWAY harrow CO.
839 Main St. Higgannm, Conn.
Any
Build
"g
Slate— which you see on all substan¬
tially constructed buildings— on roofs i
of Schools, Churches, Club Houses and
other Public Buildings; which you admire for its"
appearance and lasting service— is easy and inexpen¬
sive to use on your home, barn or out-buildings.
Sea Green and Purple
Roofing State
is never affected by climatic changes— it cannot warp,
crack, splinter, rust or decay. It is the only roofing that
1 never needs paint or repairs; that will outlast
J the building upon which It is laid.
Sea Green and Purple Roofing Slate improves
r your property, lowers fire insurance costs, in¬
sures pure, clean cistern water; is ten times
better than galvanized iron; wears three times
longer than copper, (which costs more than
slate); wears ten times longer than shingles 1
and four times longer than tin.
Don’t allow the misleading low first cost of
1 cheap roofings keep you from having a roof of
slate which lasts forever.
Free Booklet Upon Request
| Our booklet “Roofs” contains many valu-
[ ablo hints on roofing that every home owner
and builder should know about. Simply
tell us the name of your nearest roofer and
your copy wilt be mailed free.
The American Sea Green Slate Co.
"Roofs That Never Wear Out”
1 1 0 Clark Street
Granville, N.Y.
I
“Matchless” is needed on every — -
farm to run the separator, pump, v_j-
churn, bone-mill, washing machine. P
It’s so simple a woman can start it.
.Weighs but 135 lbs. The mostpower-
ful small engine. Our free book
tells all about the “Mntcliless”
and our SO dny free trial
^ offer. Write l'or this book
LA\ today— worth money to you.
Wilson Machine 0o.,tS5-E Grand Ave.,I)es Moines, In,
BINDER TWINE, 6ic lb.
made. Farmer agents wanted. Sample
iogue free! THEC. BURT & SONS, Melrose, Ohio
Manufacturers of all
kinds of fruit baskets
and crates. Write for
Catalogue and Price
List.
WEBSTER BASKET COMPANY,
Box 431. Webster, Monroe Co., N. Y.
M ELI LOT U S
The choicest and one of the best soil restorers known.
We have a fine lot of seed that we can retail at less
than ordinary wholesale prices. Our seed is hulled,
yellow blossom. GUARANTEED TO GROW. This
plant is also a splendid preparation for alfalfa.
■ ■ Vs A | A All northern grown, guaranteed to be
AS r Al r A per ccnt Pure and freo from dodder.
ftLB flLI n Writs for freo sample.
THE WING SEED COMPANY
BOX 823 MECHANICSBURG, OHIO
Protect Your Corn from Crows !
Stanley’s
Crow Repellent
will insure full protection of corn from crows and
other birds and save expense and loss of replanting.
$1.00 per can delivered nearest Express office.
THKO. A. STANLEY, New Britain. Ct.
SSO TO S300 SAVED
Wc are manufacturers, not merchants. Save dealers,
jobbers and catalog house profit. I’ll save you from
$50 to$300 on my High Grade Standard Gasoline
Engines from 2 to 22-H.-P. — Price direct to you
lower than dealers or jobbers have to pay for
similar engines in carload lots for spot cash.
GALLOWAY
Price and quality speak for themselves
and you are to be the sole judge.
Sell your poorest horse and buy a
5-H.-P. only $'19.50
Direct
From
My Fac-
•ry on 30
Days' Free
ial. Satisfac¬
tion or money
back. Write forspec*
il proposition. All
you pay me is for raw
material, labor and
one small profit. Send for
my big BOOK FREE.
Wm. Galloway, Pres.
Wm. Galloway Co.
CG5 Gallow ay Station
Waterloo, Iowa
CABBAGE PLANTS SAT IS FA CTION^GUflRflNTEEff
Early Jersey Wakefield, Charleston Wakefield,
Early Summer, Enkhuizen and Succession. Shipped
in damp moss, If not satisfied I will refill the order
free. Sweet Potato plants $2. R. S. NI0NDS, Mappsville,
(near Md. line, Penna. R.R. System, Adams Express) Viromia.
.-PRIVET HEDGING-,
. . . SPECIAL 2 YEAR . . .
12 to 18 in. @ $1.25 per 100 . $10.00 per 1000
18 to 24 in. <& $1.50 per 100 . $13.00 per 1000
This is all well branched
TERMS • • CASH WITH ORDER
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO.. HIGHTSTOWN, N. J.
OLYMPIC NATURE NURSERY
Rhododendrons, Madronas, Oregon Grapes, Huckle¬
berries and other wild shrubs, plants and flowers.
By mail, 10 for 50 cents, 24 for SI .00 postpaid.
Money back if not satisfied.
JOEL SHOMAKKK, Nellita, Washington.
Dewdrop Everbearing Strawberry
Largest in the World. Bears First Season. Free
circular. H. F. DEW, Albion, Midi.
STRAWBERRIES
Plan 10 have plenty in your own garden. 109 plants
in three best varieties, $1.UU postpaid.
Geo. R. Schauber, Box R, Ballston Lake, N.Y.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for new Illus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1.000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Dei.
[YD CAI C — Cow Peas. $2.50 to $3.00 bushel;
H n OMLE Orimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel:
5 (HI bnshftl
Pc
Sweet Potato Plants
list free. W. S. FORD & SON, Hartly, Del.
SALESMEN WANTED TWS8
Free outfit. Commission paid weekly. Write for
terms. PERRY NURSERIES. Rochester, New York
CABBAGE PLANTS of all kinds, $1 per 1000; Tomato mid Sweet
Potato Plants. $1.00 per 1000; Cauliflower and Peppers, $2.50
per 1000. Plants ready for field. J. C. Schmidt, Bristol, P».
PEACH TREES
KLBEKTA, CARMAN, HIKLEY, and all the
leading varieties at prices that will save you money.
We have APPLE, PEAR, PLUM, and other varieties of
fruit trees also. Catalog free.
BARNES BROS. NURSERY GO.Kconn
Remember the sacred duty you owe the dead |
REPUBLIC CEMETERY FENCES AND GATES
Will protect and beautify the resting place of your departed loved .
onee. They are inexpensive and almost everlasting. Made of large
heavily galvanized rust proof wires. Exclusive, attractive designs. |
Special prices to churches and cemeteries.
A Postal Will Bring Our Catalog.
Republic Fence 4 Gate Co., 211 Republic St., N. Chicago, Ill.
19 11.
I HE RURA.I> NEW-YORKER
<5 Ho
QUESTIONS ABOUT CHEMICALS.
G. A. II., Sagamore, N. Y.- — The soil bore
In this locality is sandy, and even with a
moderate amount of manure, grows a fair
crop of corn, and strawberries seem to like
the soil ; but this year I shall have to use
more fertilizer of some kind. Near by me
there is a soil that is on the top of rock,
flat lime rock. The soil has a yellow cast
and is full of small roots. It has never
been cultivated, as a good many places the
rock comes to the surface, and other places
it is 10 to 20 inches to the rock. I thought
this soil must be full of vegetable matter.
How would it do to mix the soil with coal
ashes and chemicals? If this is used what
chemicals should I want? If this mixture
was the right thing to use I would only
expect to use it in the garden and for my
corn and potatoes ; I could not use it ou
my oats or buckwheat, for I have no way
to distribute it even, as it would be too
heavy. Also, I intend to plant several acres
of beans, and . I would like to use some
kind of fertilizer in the rows to push them
along. What would be best? I saw in
some issue of The R. N.-Y. that coal ashes
mixed with chemicals and wetted down with
water would be good to use. Would this be
right for any crops? IIow would ground
bone do for strawberries before they start
to grow?
Ans.— The coal ashes contain no plant
food. They have some mechanical ef¬
fect on the soil. There is no reason to
suppose that the soil over the lime rock
has enough fertility to pay to mix it.
You will gain nothing by mixing it with
ashes and chemicals. Better haul and
scatter it directly over your garden in
case you want to use it. We doubt,
however, if you will be paid for your
labor. The case of mixing coal ashes
with dissolved chemicals was where very
strong and expensive chemicals like
nitrate of potash are used. They are
so strong that only small amounts would
be used, and it would be hard to scat¬
ter such small lots evenly. To make a
better job of it the nitrate of potash or
phosphate of ammonia can be dissolved
in water, and this water sprinkled over
dried coal ashes. When the water evapo¬
rates these chemicals are mixed all
through the ashes, and thus it is easy
to get an even distribution. This would
hardly pay with ordinary fertilizing
chemicals, as they can be quite evenly
distributed withouit dissolving. Your
scheme involves too much labor for any
advantage in sight for it. A simple
combination of chemicals would be
nitrate of soda or dried blood for
nitrogen, acid phosphate for phosphoric
acid and muriate of potash for potash.
For garden crops you can use them
in the proportion by weight of 1-3-1.
For the bean crop use l-G-V/2. Ground
bone supplies some nitrogen and enough
phosphoric acid, but no potash at all,
and on such soil the latter must b;
added. All soils from which hay, grain
or straw have been taken arc sure to
lack potash, as that element is largely
found in the stems of such plants.
Working Up Old Meadows.
F. F., BartonsviUe, Vt. — In renewing an
old piece of mowing, will plowing first and
spreading and harrowing manure after give
as good results as plowing manure under?
What do you think of top-dressing with
manure in the Fall as a means of renovat¬
ing old mowing as an economical proposi¬
tion when a man can do it alone, whereas
he would otherwise have* to hire men and
teams to do the plowing, having only one
horse.?
Ans. — On general principles we would
rather plow the manure under. It de¬
pends somewhat on the condition of the
manure. If fine and well rotted it will
harrow in much better than if coarse
and lumpy, and where it is fine the har¬
rowing will mix it better with the soil
and give a better seed bed for the new
seeding. With coarse, heavy manure we
would rather plow under. The value
of top-dressing either with manure or
fertilizer will depend on how much good
grass there is left. If the stand is still
fair, the top-dressing will heln. If, as
is often the case, the sod is mostly
weeds and wild grass, you will not get
much benefit until you break up and re¬
seed.
Grubs and Potatoes.
Do grubs work on potatoes every third
year, and will they work this year?
Salem, N. Y. t. q.
You probably refer to the white grub
which lives through three' years. They
work every year, since some are hatched
out each season.
Failure with Rape.
Tell your readers not to get too much
excited over rape, unless they have tried it
and know it will grow on their soil. A
neighbor of mine, near Tuckerton, N. J.,
planted it ou about the best soil on his
farm, and it grew about two inches high
and quit, as did also the curled kale which
he plauted same time. So it will uot do
well on all soils. j. l. p.
R. N.-Y. — We do not want our readers
excited over anything.
Harrowing in Canada Peas.
I sowed Canada field peas with oats last
season and was well pleased with them.
Why wouldn't it be all right to sow the peas
on the rough furrows and harrow them in
with spring-tooth harrow, then sow the oats
and harrow in? It makes a lot of extra
work to plow peas in. Will you advise me
in regard to this? F. e. k.
Hodenville, N. Y.
We doubt if this will put the peas in deep
enough for best results. In a dry season
they would suffer. They will come up and
grow, but are better off four inches or more
under.
Sawdust— Green and Rotted.
1. I have a large pile of green hardwood
sawdust. IIow would this do to put with ,
straw and use as bedding for horses and
cattle? I have another sawdust pile con¬
taining about 50 to 75 two-horse loads.
How would this do to haul iu field aud use
as you would manure. This sawdust has
been lying past three years. This is also
hardwood sawdust. c. H. s.
Canton, O.
The sawdust mixed with the straw and
used for bedding will be useful. Green
sawdust contains an acid. Large quantities
of it will hurt the soil. Soaking in stable
liquids will neutralize it. Three-year-old
sawdust ought uot to hurt if used moder¬
ately. A surer thing would be to use lime
at the same time.
When you write advertisers mention Tiie 1
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.'’ See guarantee editorial page.
DAILY
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YEARLY
OUTPUT
OVER
6,500,000
ALPHA
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Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS : ,
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Over 1,000 Gallons
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Fairbanks-Morse
Engine and pump jack complete.
OO
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Free catalog No. ME 598
Fairbanks, Morse & Co.
New York
43 years’ successful operation.
Used In nearly all parts of the
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ot Drilling Machines and tools
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catalogue No. 120 showing over
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THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS
General Office and Works:
_ Aurora, HI.
Chicago Office: First National Bank Building.
FENCE
■ a rod
25c
JACOBSON
SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING
WATER TANK.
No Freezing No Overheating
Ko Large Water Tank
The Agency is available in some sections and
valuablo in all.
JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO.
Ill Irvine Street
Warren, Pa.
iROWN FENCES
Strongest, most durable fence
made. Heaviest, closest wires. Double
(galvanized. Practically indestructible. Stock
strong Chicken tight. 14 to 35c per rod. Sample free. Wepayfrt.
JTheflrown^enc^^VdreCoL^lepi^^^leveland^hlo^^
Best high carbon coiled steel
wire. Easy to stretch over
hills and hollows. I REE
Catalog — fences, tools. Buy
from factory at wholesale
prices. Write today to Box 67
MASON FENCE CO., LEESBl'KG, ft
EMPIRE FENCE
Get the genuine EMPIRE big
wire l'ence, direct, at wholesale.
Save dealer’s proilts.
Big Factory, Big
Sales, 23 Styles
No traveling salesmen, small
_ expense, prices low. Every-
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mall. Prices of leadingstylesfreight pre¬
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east of the Mississippi River: —
WIros Inches high Medium Woight Extra heavy (all No.9)
9 39 23e per rod 37c per rod
10 47 26c per rod 41c per rod
12 55 82c per rod 49c per rod
Special rates beyond this territory.
BOND STEEL POST CO., 23 E. Maunee St.. Adrian, Mich.
$90,000 Daily
Now Spent for No-Rim-Cut Tires
Over 600,000 already sold— enough to equip 150,000 cars.
All because they cut tire bills in two.
The sale of Goodyear tires has
multiplied six times over in the past
two years. Last year they jumped
to $8,500,000. They are now running
double last year.
Sixty-four leading motorcar mak¬
ers have contracted with us for these
tires. To supply them and tire
dealers we are running our factories
twenty-four hours per day.
The reason lies in a patented tire
— the No-Rim-Cut tire — 10 per cent
oversize. Men have found that this
tire saves one-half on their tire bills.
And the tire has become the sensa¬
tion of motordom.
The No-Rim-Cut Tire
Here is the Goodyear No-Rim
Cut tire as it fits any standard rim
When you adopt this tire
you simply reverse the re¬
movable rim flanges so they
curve outward. They curve
inward with old-style tires.
This change can be made in
ten seconds.
The rounded edge of the
flange then comes next to
the tire, and rim-cutting is made
impossible.
No Hooks on This Tire
The ordinary tire— the clincher
tire— has hooks on the base to hook
into the rim flange. That is how
the tire is held on. See the next
picture.
When you use this type the
removable rim flanges are set to
curve inward. Note how they dig
in when the tire is deflated. That is
why the common tire will rim-cut
if you run it flat.
Ordinary Clincher Tire
The No-Rim-Cut tire has no hooks
on the base. It is held to the rim by
flat tape, made of 126 braided wires,
vulcanized into the tire base. These
make the tire base unstretchable.
The tire can’t come off because the
base can’t stretch. Nothing can force
it over the rim. But, when you unlock
and remove the rim flange, the tire
comes oft like any quick-detachable
tire except that it won't stick.
The Ordinary Clincher Tire
This braided wire feature is con¬
trolled by our patents. And there is
no other way known to make a safe
tire which will stay on without hooks.
10% Oversize
These No-Rim-Cut tires, where the
rim flanges flare outvyard. can be made
10 per cent over the fated size and still
fit the rim. And we give you that over¬
size without extra cost.
That means 10 per cent more air —
10 per cent greater carrying capacity.
And that, with the average car, means
25 per cent more mileage per tire.
These two features together — No-
Rim-Cut and oversize — will double the
service one gets from a tire under
average conditions. Yet Good¬
year No-Rim-Cut tires cost no
more than other standard
tires.
No-Rim-Cut Tires
Our latest Tire Book, based
on twelve years spent in tire
making, contains many facts
which motorists should know.
Please ask us to mail it to you.
THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, 59th Street, Akron, Ohio
Branches and Agencies in 203 Principal Cities We Make All Sorts of Rubber Tires
(323)
e«e
THE RURAL NEW-VORKER
May 13,
WATER LEAKING THROUGH CEMENT.
.V. B., X etc Cumberland:, l'a. — I have a
spring of water that 1 wish to force to my
house by a ram. It works all right, but
this spring leaks and I cannot stop it, con¬
sequently the water supply is too low. I
must stop the leaking; cement will not set,
and the water works through the cement.
There is a stone wall around the spring.
1 cannot keep the water from working
through the cement. We left all the water
out of the spring, then we cemented the
wall, closed up the front part where the
pipe entered, but that remained soft and
would not set, water soaked through it.
Potter’s clay resisted the water better than
cement. I am told you cannot cement a
spring on account of the water always mov¬
ing. What shall I do?
It is a hard matter to plaster a stone
wall with cement strong enough to stand
a very hard water pressure, unless the
wall has been laid with a cement mortar
of good quality, then cement plastered
on sfdes sets firmly to the cement be¬
tween the stones and makes a pretty
good job, but is not as good as brick
laid in cement plastered on both sides,
or the regular mixture of concrete.
If you think the sides of this spring
are satisfactory, and the only trouble
is at the outlet., I would put in a form
of matched lumber one inch thick to
form the inside face of concrete work;
the water can be dammed up securely
by using a little clay at the ends. Then
build another form for face or outside
of the wall, leaving a six-inch space
for concrete. Place the pipe in the
form just as you wish it to remain, then
fill the six-inch space with cement one
part to three of sand, using nothing but
the best Portland cement, and clean
sharp creek sand, and I think you win
have no more trouble, unless it leaks
through the stone wall. w. a. b.
RYE FOR THE SILO
And for Various Other Uses.
The Hope Farm man has been telling us
for years about sowing rye at the last cul¬
tivation of corn, but there still seems to
be need of his keeping on with his preach¬
ing on this subject, notwithstanding that
he seems inclined at times to make apolo¬
gies for keeping everlastingly at it. It has,
in fact, been but a short time since the
editor of a certain agricultural newspaper
(10 years behind the times) warned his
readers that the sowing of rye at the last
cultivation of corn was still in the “experi¬
mental stage.” He did not know that right
here in his own State, rye could be sown
successfully any time from the early part
of July until well into the following Winter,
whenever it is possible to get it into the
ground ; fine crops of it being raised that
were put in during January, the late sow¬
ings not even coming up until Spring. Fur¬
ther than that, in the Spring of 1909 we
had a lot of rye and vetch in bags on the
barn floor. A nurseryman visiting us asked
what we were going to do with all that
seed. I said we wanted that to sow at
the last cultivation of the corn, to use for
feed the following year. Mis reply seemed
to be one of pity, inasmuch as he informed
me that if it had not been for such fool
notions as that I might have been a mill¬
ionaire. While this may all be true, we
sowed the rye just the same, the last time
we cultivated the corn, and have never re¬
gretted it.
That same Fall I told a neighbor dairy¬
man that we had a lot of rye coming on to
put in the silo the next Summer. He liked
the idea, and said he would put in a lot
for the same purpose, and probably did so,
but during the Winter he attended a far¬
mers’ institute at Wayland, and as was the
proper thing to do, put a question in the
box, asking if green rye would make good
silage. He was informed that it would not,
as it let air in, and could not be kept. I
told him I -would try it anyhow, but knew
more when I got done than I did before.
The first trouble was that we waited too
long before starting to fill silo with the
rye, as I had read that rye was very suc¬
culent and valuable for soiling until it came
in bloom, and our time of filling was
planned accordingly, but had we been all
done a day or two before the time we
started, we would have hit it about right.
During the hot weather rye develops very
rapidly, and one day’s time may ruin it
entirely for use in silo. It is not a crop
that can stand a few days extra like corn,
but must be put in the silo while still
green, juicy and tender. If one waits until
rye comes in bloom, he has lost its value for
succulence, whether for soiling or for silage.
By “bloom,” reference is made to the time
the rye actually comes in bloom, not in
head. When the yellow pollen flies in cut¬
ting and handling, it is too late to be of
much use for silage, and should already
have been in the silo several days.
As a rule, it is, no doubt, a mistake to
go against the advice of authorities on
such matters, but after one has been
through the mill a few times, in feeding a
larger herd than his farm can support,
either in Winter or Summer, he is willjng
to risk a little for the sake of the great ad¬
vantage of having an abundance of silage
for Summer feeding, instead of depending
on pasture, or being everlastingly tied down
to the job of raising and handling soiling
crops, which must be attended to whether
other crops suffer or not, and in rain or
shine. After one has been through it, he
can readily appreciate a silo full of rye, even
though he does have to press the wind out
of it, to keep it. The objection made to
putting rye in the silo is that it has too
much air mixed with it, on account of hav¬
ing hollow stems or straw, but when one
has a silo so located that he can apply
heavy pressure to the top immediately after
filling, or can build a small silo for the
purpose, and weight it down with several
tons of stone or other material, he can
surely have rye silage, if the crop is at¬
tended to in time, and cut up fine. Even
though one is not able to apply heavy
weight to settle the rye quickly and pack
it tightly, resulting in the loss of some of
it about the edges, it is not all lost. What
does the loss of a load or two of rye
amount to compared with having the feed
where you want it and when needed?
Spoiled silage makes good humus. In our
own case, we simply built of old material a
pair of small twin silos inside the barn,
at a cost of about $2 above labor, and
after filling, piled on a few tons of stones,
which quickly settled the silage, packing it
down tightly. The rye cut first, while still
green and juicy, made nice silage, and the
loss was slight where silo was tight, ex¬
cepting in the corners, but the part put in
last, especially after it came in bloom,
spoiled badly, was tough, and cows did not
like it. Just 48 hours’ time made the entire
difference between success and failure,
showing the importance of getting at the
job in time.
The best judge of good silage is the old
cow herself. When wo first started to feed
the silage from the tough rye, one old Jer¬
sey, in her teens, considered it very poor
stuff, but as we worked down to where the
rye was young and green when put in, she
took hold of it in a way to give pleasure
to the heart of any feeder. The advice is
often given to have sufficient corn silage
to feed the year round, but not all dairy¬
men can do this, and rye silage makes a
very cheap feed for Summer feeding. A
part of the rye cut just as it came in bloom
was saved for hay, but aside from nosing
through it, picking out the vetch, which was
eaten quickly, we had no stock that would
eat the rye, unless forced or starved t° it.
Green rye. cut with a binder, is about as
near perfect for use as a mulch, as anything
that can be found for this purpose. It is
clean, free from seeds, easily handled and
just right.
Reference was made to our having vetch
■with the rye, and although there was a
considerable proportion of it among the
rye when sown, there was but little of it
when cut, excepting in spots. There is no
doubt about the groat value of vetch, but
its value is for a “later course,” not for a
start, on all poor soils. We find clover
even, coming in thick without seeding, on
land where vetch was almost a failure. Here
on the hilltop our land is all light, and has
been badly run with potatoes. Our experi¬
ence with Hairy vetch on clay soil further
down the hillside, where it grew easily,
and seeded heavily, led us to believe it
would grow anywhere, but the first attempt
to grow it here on the hill changed that
opinion. Nor have any subsequent trials
been as satisfactory as on the heavy soils,
excepting jn one instance, when we manured
a piece of land for Alfalfa, but the season
continuing dry until too late to sow Alfalfa,
we put in rye and vetch. On that piece we
had a very heavy crop of both, but that
same seed, sowed on land that had been
manured for silage corn, did not make any
such showing, excepting in spots that had
an extra heavy application of manure, most¬
ly where the corn was top-dressed during
early Summer, the top-dressing being heav¬
ily applied where the corn itself was poor¬
est, immediately followed by a long
drought, the corn receiving slight benefit.
There seems fo be no difference whether
vetch had been previously grown on the
land or not, as on some of it we had vetch
for three years, nor did earlier applications
of lime make any difference that could be
noticed. The manure did the business.
Livingston Co., N. Y. I. c. hogers.
l To be continued.)
Early Soiling Crop.
I would like to know the earliest green
crop to plant for milch cows, to be cut
green and fed in the barn. Can you raise
two crops of millet the same season ; if
not at what time should it he planted?
What are the vegetables benefited by poul¬
try fertilizer? I want to know particular¬
ly about cow beets and onions — how it
should be put on in the Spring? I have
heard it ought to be put on in the Fall.
Our soil is sandy. G. E. s.
Parish, N. Y.
There is nothing better for early sowing
than oats and peas. Yes, you can grow two
crops of Japanese millet by sowing the first
about May 15 and cutting late in July. The
second crop will not be- large. Poultry ma¬
nure is rich in nitrogen and it is usually
best on the crops which make most of their
growth above ground like cabbage, corn,
onions or garden crops.
Dahlia Treatment. — If A. J. B., Flush¬
ing, N. Y., will plant her Dahlia roots in
coal ashes she will not be troubled with
the worms and be surprised at their rank
growth and abundance of bloom. Empty
the water from the weekly wash on the
Dahlia bed. This is my success for the past
two years. E. c. H. G.
New York.
YOU’D rather buy a $150 horse
than a $50 horse ; you know how
v
much cheaper the $150 horse is.
Same way in buying a gasoline engine; you’ll
pay less for some than for an Olds Gasoline
Engine; but you’d better have the Olds.
It is the simplest engine built; .fewer parts; every part made
in the most perfect manner known, of the best materials;
doesn’t get out of order.
We adjust every Olds Engine to run perfectly before ship¬
ping; it is ready to run when you get it.
We’ve been making these engines for 30 years ; the standard
by which all others are measured.
Send for particulars; and catalogue.
Seager Engine Works
908 Seager Street, Lansing, Michigan
/ Mallalieu & Conrey, 1816 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Branch ) Deyo.Macey Engine Co., 26 Washington Street, Binghamton, N. Y.
Offices ^ Robt. \v. Hart, Mgr. Seager Engine Works, 67 Beverly Street, Boston, Mass.
mi.
687
THR RURAb NEW-YORKER
SHADE TREES FOR CONNECTICUT.
Wliat is the best tree to plant along the
highway ? I have a mile of cleared pasture
land bordering on the road. Land stony
and well drained. I want a row of orna¬
mental trees, one with bee nasture in the
bloom. Will Catalpa fill the bill? m.
In all cases we would advocate the maple.
It is the hardiest in every way, and would
certainly beautify the road much more than
any other tree. Stephen hoyt’s sons go.
Connecticut.
I place first above all others the bass¬
wood or linden. This would probably do
well in the location described ; trees not
so cheap as others, but always handsome,
and the flowers, not showy, but very frag¬
rant and very valuable for bees. The
Catalpa might do, but foliage comes very
late and falls very early, and the trees are
very stiff in general outline. Either Red
or Silver maple would do. The tulip tree
or white wood and horse chestnut are hand¬
some trees, but not valuable for bees. I
may say for the linden that either the
European or American can be used, but the
first holds its form better when old. Any
of the above would do well in locality
named. prof. a. g. gulley.
Connecticut College.
Though the Catalpa grows in Connecti¬
cut and is mentioned as a honey-producing
plant, it is not a very important one, and
the trees are rather scrawny as they grow
old. If this inquirer wishes the best tree
that he can find as a honey producer, it
would be without question the basswood or
linden. This is also an attractive shade
tree. Other trees which are of some use
as honey producers are the black locust and
honey locust, and the tulip tree. Then,
too, all the different kinds of maples and
willows are of considerable value for early
brood rearing. Personally, I should regard
the maples as better shade trees than any
of the others, followed perhaps by the lin¬
dens, and any of those which I have men¬
tioned I should prefer to tfie Catalpa.
• W. E. BRITTON.
Connecticut State Entomologist.
If you would be contented with a row of
trees ornamental, while the bloom fur¬
nishes some food for bees, the Catalpa
would seem to be the thing. The tree has
not been planted extensively enough around
here to rank very high as a honey bearer.
We are waiting for somebody to plant a
grove, and then a favorable report is ex¬
pected, for the bees just love the tree.
The hardy catalpa only (Catalpa speciosa)
is recommended for these parts. It needs
good soil. Just before Arbor Day, in April,
a dry-goods firm here gave out 25,000 Catal¬
pa trees to the children of Hartford and
vicinity, and one of the good points of the
tree especially emphasized was its honey-
yielding property. At Clinton, Conn., a
lady set out quite a number of Catalpa
trees some years ago, purchasing them sim¬
ply for shade and ornamental purposes. As
I was very much interested in them as
“bee-keepers’ trees,’' I inquired what the
objections to them were, and was quite
pleased to hear only praise. At New Haven,
Conn., the street department objected to
the planting of Catalpa trees near side¬
walks, it being claimed that the latter
would be slippery at times. That objection
could hardly be raised in the country, how¬
ever, and the tree would seem to be a suit¬
able one there. The European basswood, or
linden, is a great honey-berfrer, and much
used in England as an avenue tree.
,TAS. A. SMITH.
Conn. Bee-Keepers’ Association.
SHORT STORIES.
Mussel Shell Waste.
There is located near me a factory for
cutting button blanks from mussel shells.
They have a large quantity of scrap shells
on hand. I would like to know how this
shell waste compares with mineral lime in
value for use on land? Should it bo burned
or finely ground, or would coarsely crushed
like chicken feed do? Does this material
contain any appreciable amount of nitrogen
or phosphoric acid? H. k. g.
Newport, O.
These shells contain about 50 per cent, of
lime, with little or no nitrogen. They can
be burned for best results. The coarse grit
will have a slow effect on the soil.
How to Start Alfalfa.
I have a piece of land on which potatoes
were grown last year. After the potatoes
were dug the land was given a coat of ma¬
nure, plowed, limed and sowed to rye. I
wish to seed this land with Alfalfa. IIow
shall I proceed next? Shall I plow the
rye under in May and sow the Alfalfa at
that time, or shall I let the rye grow to
maturity and after harvesting it plow un¬
der another coat of manure and sow the
Alfalfa, say some time in August? The
land is good loamy soil. g. o. t.
White Plains, N. Y.
We should plow the rye under early in
May and then sow Canada field peas. Let
these grow until the middle of July, then
plow them under and run a ton of lime
per acre on the furrows. Then give thor¬
ough harrowing until early August, and
seed the Alfalfa if possible just about the
time of a light rain. The object of this
plan is to get as much organic matter as
possible into the soil. The lime will pre
vent souring, which might occur when a
crop like peas is plowed under in hot
weather.
Lime on Potatoes.
Would it be all right to give a thin coat
of lime over the top of newly planted po
tatoes? The ground has had no lime for
years, and soon after it is planted it gets
very hard to cultivate. I have boon plant
ing potatoes on it ; this is the third year
Will the lime cause the scab or not? How
would 20 bushels of lime to acre do?
Emmettsbursr. Md. o. p. s.
No, it would not be “all right” — more
likely “all wrong” to put lime on the potato
field. It will increase the scab. The lime
would have some effect in loosening up the
soil and prevent its baking, but a better
way to help that trouble would be to sow
a cover crop of clover and turnips or vetch
and rye after the potatoes. Let such a
crop grow through the Fall and Winter and
plow it under in Spring; adding organic
matter in this way will open the soil and
improve its character.
‘A Big Corn Crop.
I have a piece of laud on which I wish to
raise a crop of corn. It is quite poor land,
with a light soil and light sod, and pre
sume contains very little humus, and it
will not produce much without manure or
fertilizer. As I do not have the manure to
put on it, can I raise anything like 100
bushels shelled corn per acre by the use of
fertilizers, and how should I proceed to ob¬
tain best results? c. o. t.
White Plains, N. Y.
It is doubtful if you can raise 100 bush¬
els of shelled corn on such land the first
year. You read reports of great yields, but
as a rule they are produced on very good
soil and in a regular rotation which fitted
the land for the corn crop. You can try it
anyway. Get seed of the best local variety
you can find. Test seed before planting and
make sure it is strong and will sprout well.
Use 1,000 pounds per acre of a good corn
fertilizer — 600 pounds broadcast and har¬
rowed in before planting, and 400 scattered
along the rows wheu the corn is about four
inches high. Plant the corn in hills and
give the best of cultivation both ways.
V. hen you write advertisers mention The
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• square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
May 13,
Hope Farm Notes
Strawberries. — The picture on page
583 shows a frozen potted strawberry
plant which has had what I call a
strange history. Last Summer was so
dry that our plants would not grow. We
kept putting them in pots as late as Sep¬
tember, hoping for a wet Fall — which
did not come. The result was that
nearly 1,000 plants were still in the pots
and apparently making no growth when
late November suddenly froze the
ground. These pots remained in the
frozen ground all Winter. When Spring
came- the upper part of the soil froze
and thawed as usual. These pots were
lifted out by the frost and left on top
of the ground. A few were broken, and
1 had no thought that any of them could
be alive. When we came to pick up the
pots we found most of the plants strong.
Like the one shown in the picture, they
had made long new roots which ran out
through the hole at the bottom of the
pot. Over 6oo of them were set out to
fill some missing places in the field,
which was planted late last Fall. In due
time I hope to show what we can do
with such frozen plants. Now we do
not recommend any such plan. Freezing
is good for rhubarb roots, but all our
teaching has been for covering straw¬
berries through the Winter. Yet here
are plants thrown out with roots ex¬
posed. We are all likely to learn a lot
about strawberry growing yet, and the
strawberry plant is the best teacher. .
. . The two-year-old hill plants were
cultivated April 28. As a rule we do
not believe in Spring culture, but these
plants are weedy, and we want to get
the weeds out. The cultivator rips
them out of the middles cheaper than
we can do it by hand. Chickweed has
become a great nuisance in part of our
fields. In some situations this can be
cleaned out by spraying a solution of
iron sulphate, but I think you will injure
the strawberries by using any strength
that would hurt the chickweed.
The Milk Question. — Our cow is
steadily gaining. The second week she
gave 188 pounds. It takes a nervous
cow right out of a big herd some days
to get used to her new home. She is
now out on the rye most of the day.
We began an hour at a time and gradu¬
ally worked her up to a steady pastur¬
ing. She will go on grass next week,
and then will be picketed on a piece of
Alfalfa — grazing back and forth from
one end to the other. Of course a dairy¬
man would think this small business, but
fruit growers and gardeners cannot keep
large herds. With one or two good
cows they can make sure of their own
milk supply. A cow under such condi¬
tions is a scavenger, living mostly on
wastes — cornstalks and garden surplus.
If you figure cost of production of such
milk and value it at what the consumer
would have to pay you would have a
wide margin. An acre of Alfalfa on a
fruit or garden farm will prove a great
help in keeping the cow. On land of
high value it will not pay to grow or¬
dinary crops of Timothy hay, but Al¬
falfa under such conditions ranks with
the high producing crops. That is why
it will pay any farmer or gardener to
start a patch of square rods or acres.
Farm Notes. — The first potatoes were
planted April 26 — at least two weeks
behind former years. This is a sort of
“patch” crop with us this year — put in
small patches here and there between
trees or as preparation for later crops.
We plant more of Irish Cobblers than
any other variety. This is a good crop¬
per and early. The quality is not high.
For our own use we like Sir Walter
Raleigh, but the Cobbler is all right
when eaten fresh from the ground, and
by coming on early they fit in well with
our plan of double cropping. We are
starting a new asparagus bed with po¬
tatoes between the asparagus rows. I
thought this was an old story until some
25 questions came. We make deep fur¬
rows six feet apart and put in the as¬
paragus roots. Then midway between
these rows deep drills are made for the
potatoes. The asparagus roots are only
lightly covered, but the season’s cultiva¬
tion gradually fills in the furrows. By
Fall the soil should be level and the
asparagus shoulder high. The potatoes
come out in August and then the middle
can be seeded to clover, rye or vetch.
. . . The peaches began showing pink
the last few days in April. They are
loaded with buds, and unless we have a
late freeze there should be a good crop.
I understand the Southern crop will be
very short. In some parts of New Jer¬
sey the chances are for failure. There
was a fair crop last year, but the soil
was so dry that the trees could not re¬
cover. At this writing our prospect for
a crop of all fruit never was better, and
we intend to feed and work our trees to
the limit. Spring may be late, but it
seems to me that she never looked hap¬
pier or prettier than when at last she
came dancing up our valley. That’s
about the way I feel every year, and it
is certainly one of the things which one
cannot get tired of admiring. For when
the trees finally start into life and burst
— first with a little shimmer of green
and then into full bloom — it is enough
to make the coldest of 11s realize that
life has taken a" happier turn and that
youth has come back.
Crows and Corn. — This same old dis¬
cussion comes out every year about
fighting crows and feeding them. Here
is. the latest feed advocate :
I remember over 50 years ago my father’s
neighbor scolded because he fed the crows
and brought all crows far and near to his
cornfield. I also remember his neighbor’s
cornfield had all kinds of scarecrows and
string around the field on stakes, and still
the crows would pull his corn. This tar
business is a fake ; a crow is just wise
enough to pull corn for spite. I have made
a practice bf feeding the crows, and I don’t
have any trouble with their pulling corn.
You don’t have to sow corn all over the
hill ; put in the dead furrow in a number
of places, just before the corn comes up
and the crows will sing your praises.
G. H. it.
And here is John Gould with further
testimony for the crow as a hired man :
I notice what you have to say about
feeding the crows to “hire” them from
pulling the sprouting corn, your impres¬
sion being that the free corn must be scat¬
tered all over the field, and will be culti¬
vated in and lost — to the crows. Tor 20
years I have protected myself against the
crows pulling corn by sowing a few quarts
of corn at a time for a couple of weeks,
and while I harbor, not a large family of
crows, they are all very much alive. Very
little corn has been pulled, many years not
any, and a half bushel per year would be
the outside limit used. The habits of a
tame crow revealed to me that they never
eat dry corn, but first carry it away
and “plant” it, and then when soft, pull
it up. Corn does not need to be scattered
very much. I usually scatter it along in
a couple of dead furrows, or between two
marked rows. The crows find it very
quickly, and proceed to pick it up and carry
it away, a few kernels at a time, and as
soon return for more. I think it a far
better way than erecting scarecrows, or
trying to gun them, which usually results
in' few scalps, for the exertion.
Ohio. JOHN GOULD.
“Corned crow” may answer, but tar¬
ring is not a “fake” with us. I have
no faith in scarecrows, but I know that
in nine years out of 10 the crows have
let our fields alone after a few trials
at tarred seed. I have known people to
use poisoned grain, but I would not ad¬
vise it. An English farmer was fined
$50 for. scattering poisoned wheat in his
field. A neighbor’s pigeons came and
ate the wheat and were killed. Under
the English law the farmer was liable
even when birds came from outside bis
farm and took the poisoned grain. The
law is not so strict here, yet I would
not advise poisons. Tarring usually
protects our crops !
Mushrooms. — Some of these “agricul¬
tural” questions are white-haired with
age — yet they pop up with more than
the spirit of youth. Here is one :
I have been told I have an excellent place
to raise mushrooms — so became interested.
Will you let me know where I may buy
a book of full particulars and where good
seeds may be obtained? t. m.
New York.
The inquirer lives in the shadow of
one of the most famous agricultural col¬
leges in the country — where all sorts of
gardening operations are going on.
There are books on mushroom growing.
The best one is by William Falconer,
price $1. The United States Department of
Agriculture sends a good pamphlet free.
You may have a fine place for growing
them, but that is only a small part of it.
A lawyer or a doctor might have a
beautiful office, but who would risk life
or property unless the man had experi¬
ence and skill ? It will require nearly as
much experience to grow mushrooms
profitably as to handle a successful case
before a jury. The mushrooms are not
grown from seeds but from spawn. That
very question shows how unprepared
this questioner is to branch out into the
business. Of course I shall be accused
of throwing cold water on a scheme to
develop a home business. The fact is
cold water is the most useful thing you
can have on such enterprises, h. w. c.
What’s Your Earning Power?
IS YOUR income sufficient and in
keeping with the earning power
you are capable of ? Are you
able to support yourself and family
and enjoy the little luxuries of life ?
Can you draw a check on your bank to
tide over the proverbial “rainy day’ ’ ?
If you want to be a man of bigger
earning capacity, a
Buckeye
Traction Ditcher
will accomplish that end for you. It’s
a machine that pays for itself in a
short time — a machine that can work
almost the year round.
The Buckeye Traction Ditcher,
with a small amount of capital in¬
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a day digging ditches in your neigh¬
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machine busy, as farmers everywhere
are insisting upon Buckeye ditches*
because they are truer, of perfect
level and cost twenty-five to fifty
per cent less. The old expensive
hand-dug ditches are a thing of the
past. The Buckeye digs from 100 to
150 rods a day. Our catalogue No.
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The Buckeye Traction Ditcher Co.,
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Canadian Pacific
Offers YOU Farm
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The last chance for a first selection of
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Three Ways of Bir/ing
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Write for Free Book NOW
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Address
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1426 West Tuscarawas St. Canton, Ohio
Complete With
Fenders and
4-Shovel Pin
Break Gangs,
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Break Gangs,
It. F. D. No. 6. Box 2, Milford, Ill.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, Ill.
Gentlemen:— My Little Jap is far ahead of any
cultivator 1 have ever seen. The seat bar guiding
motion is the best tiling out, and the advantage of
being able to raise and lower the gangs with the
balancing lever after having set them to exact
depth with the raising levers makes it superior to
all others. This is saying a good deal, but it’s true.
Tlie good features of the Little Jap make me feel
like striking out with it and working in fields
along the road, so as to convince people of its
superiority over all other makes.
Yours truly.
CHARLES TANSEL.
PRICES
INCLUDE
FENDERS.
The David Bradley
LITTLE JAP CULTIVATOR
is your own idea of what a cultivator should
he; the perfect implement you have been
wishing for since you plowed your first field.
So far ahead of tiny other that it really
should be culled by some other name than
cultivator. Every other manufacturer hop¬
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sive patented features. We only name them
here. Our catalog tells all about them.
Pivot Axles and Seat Bar Dodging Lever; easiest,
quickest, widest dodge. A clear view of the row at
all times. The one successful cultivator for hillside
work. No drifting; gangs work parallel and at even
depth.
Balance Frame; adjustable for rows of any width.
Seat and stirrups adjustable for boy or man, and ma¬
chine adapts itself to heavy or light weight operator.
Depth Regulating Lever for each gang, and
Combined Gang Raising and Balancing Lever that
hits both gangs at end of row without disturbing
depth adjustment.
Short Hitch and Direct Draft; easy on team.
Draft helps lift gangs, also keeps shovels in ground.
Sixteen Styles of Gangs. Pin break or spring trip
shovels, surface blades, spring teeth or discs. Level-
ers, rakes and other attachments. Buy one culti¬
vator and as many kinds of extra gangs as wanted.
Wheels 42 inches high; wide tires; staggered
spokes; long distance dustproof grease retaining
hubs.
Materials throughout the best that money can buy.
Highest grade steel and malleables used. $100.00
couldn't make it belter.
Send for our Book of David Bradley Farm Implements, or see our big General
Catalog for complete descriptions and prices of all styles of Little Jap Cultiva¬
tors and special attachments. Other styles of
Bradley cultivators from $9.93 up.
We can always furnish repairs for any LITTLE
David Bradley implement made since 1832 and
ship the day we receive the order.
JAP
DISC
CULTIVA¬
TOR.
Complete,
R. F. D. No. 1. Mt. Vernon, Iowa.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, HI. ,, ,
Gentlemen:— I am fifty-two years old and did my
first plowing with a single shovel plow, then the double
shovel, next the walking cultivator and then the sulky
plow. Have used more different kinds of cultivators
than most men, and think I can plow corn as good as
any man living, and I must say that the Little Jap is
the best 1 ever used for good work and easy running,
both on man and team, it is the only cultivator for the
hired man. You regulate it and send him into the field
and he has simply got to plow corn.
Yours truly,
A. H. KNAPP.
SEARS.R0EBUCK
ANDCQ
CHICAGO
1911.
THK RURAL NEW-YORKER
688
Ruralisms
Mignonette.
C. D., Suffern , N. Y. — If I sow mignonette
in a box will it grow, and what is the best
soil for it? Should I use a package for a
small box? How far apart should the grains
be and how many in a hole?
Ans. — We do not sow our mignonette
in boxes, but sow in the open ground
about the end of April, sowing again
the early part of July to have a succes¬
sion of bloom until frost. A cool soil,
not too rich, and a situation that will
be somewhat shaded during the hottest
part of the day, is required. The seed
must be covered very lightly; we make
our bed very fine and smooth, and mark
shallow rows with the edge of a lath,
getting the seeds about an inch apart.
Soil is brought over them by smoothing
with a piece of board. As the plants
grow they must be thinned out in the
rows ; they transplant well when little.
The second sowing, in July, should be
covered with damp burlap until the
seeds germinate, and the tiny plants
will be the better for partial shade.
Keep the flower spikes constantly cut,
not allowing any to go to seed, or it
will soon dwindle in hot weather. There
is no reason why mignonette should not
be sown in a box if one desires, but
we do not understand whether the in¬
quirer wishes to start it in a box, or to
grow it in that way. We have seen it
growing nicely in a veranda box with a
northern exposure, but believe it was
only thus used for early Summer effect.
We have not started it indoors in a box,
preferring the outside sowing.
Catnip and its Culture.
F. B., Boston, Mass. — Will you tell me
wliat you can about the culture of catnip?
I would like to raise about five acres of it
at least for the drug trade, and at the
same time use it for a bee plant, thinking
it would make good honey, but what would
I feed my bees on after I had cut my cat¬
nip? What time of year would I plant it,
and would I get a crop the first year?
Can you tell me anything about the market¬
ing of it? Does it have to be pressed into
small packages and wrapped in paper?
What would be about the average price I
would get?
Ans. — Catnip, Nepeta cataria, is a
rather common European weed, long
naturalized in this country. It may often
be found growing in dryish waste or
cultivated lands, especially along fences
and about old buildings, but is seldom
abundant enough naturally to be col¬
lected with profit. There is some de¬
mand for it in the wholesale drug trade,
prices varying from two to eight cents
the pound in bales of 200 pounds or
more. The parts used are the leaves
and top, cut when in full bloom and
carefully dried without mold or discol¬
oration, the coarser stems and branches
being rejected before baling. It is not
necessary that the grower market the
product in small packages.
Catnip may be commercially grown in
any well-drained loamy soil that will j
produce fair crops of corn or potatoes, j
It does not thrive in wet situations.
Though perennial in its nature, it is best
treated as an annual, the seeds being
sown in late Fall in drills about 30
inches apart, covering them not over
one-half inch deep. Spring-sown seeds
rarely germinate well enough to give a
full stand. Cultivation consists in thin¬
ning the plants to stand about eight
inches apart in the row and keeping the
soil mellow and free from weeds during
the growing season. The harvest occurs
in mid-August when in full bloom. Ex¬
perimental plots on very ordinary soil
show a yield of over three tons of green
top to the acre. This cures down to
something over a ton of marketable
herb. A second cutting nearly as great
is ready by October, but there is con¬
siderably more difficulty in curing at this
season. Catnip may be handled like
clover or Alfalfa hay, bunching it into
small cocks protected from rain by
waterproof caps after wilting, the cocks
being opened out and remade in sunny
weather until well cured before being
taken under shelter. If F. B. would
cut the stems high at first mowing the
quality of the product would not only
be improved, but many of the shorter
flowering stems would be left to supply
his bees. Buckwheat and White clover,
if rightly managed, ought to fill in the
interval between crops. Catnip is not
very hardy north of New York, and old
plants, if close cut, are quite likely to
winter-kill. The weakening of the stand
and difficulty of keeping the planting
clean the second year are sufficient rea¬
sons for not cropping two successive
years. _ v.
Big Watermelons.— On page 280 you ex¬
press wonder that watermelons In Diarbeklr
grow as large as flour barrels. Nothing
can be truer than that, and I can verify the
story, for I have myself seen melons of
such dimensions while I was In those parts
of the earth. I well remember seeing a
man trying to pass such a melon through
the door of a railroad car, and as he did
not succeed in the effort he was obliged to
let it go in the baggage car. Fruits and
crops of such huge size have made it nec¬
essary that in most parts of Asia Minor
these are sold by the pound. Diarbeklr is
located in the very heart of Mesopotamia,
of which Herodotus says that the people got
grain crops many hundredfold. What I
wonder is this : What are the foreign
agents of the department doing? Why not
import such fruits? D. E. siramarc.
New York.
The Book of Gladiolus, by Matthew
Crawford and Dr. W. Van Fleet. This
practical treatise by two eminent authori¬
ties covers all sides of Gladiolus culture,
from the planting of the bulbs to their
harvesting and storing. The chapters on
raising from seed and on commencing in
the business answer very clearly a number
of questions often asked by amateur grow¬
ers, and another chapter on crossing or
hybridizing is very lucid and helpful. The
appendix, by Dr. Van Fleet, includes a
garden history of the Gladiolus, a list of
species, and expert advice on hybridizing
and care of seedlings. Many beginners are
now starting in Gladiolus culture, and the
work has received stimulus from the for¬
mation of the National Gladiolus Society.
The book has much value for all interested
in this gorgeous plant. Published by
Vaughan’s Seed Store, New York and Chi¬
cago; cloth, seven illustrations, 120 pages ;
price .$1.25.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
FOOD IN SERMONS.
Feed the Dominie Right and the Sermons
Are Brilliant.
A conscientious, hard-working and
successful clergyman writes: “I am glad
to bear testimony to the pleasure and
increased measure of efficiency and
health that have come to me from
adopting Grape-Nuts food as one of my
articles of diet.
“For several years I was much dis¬
tressed during the early part of each day
by indigestion. My breakfast seemed to
turn sour and failed to digest. After
dinner the headache and other symp¬
toms following the breakfast would
wear away, only to return, however,
next morning.
“Having heard of Grape-Nuts food, I
finally concluded to give it a trial. I
made my breakfasts of Grape-Nuts with
cream, toast and Postum. The result
was surprising in improved health and
total absence of the distress that had,
for so long a time, followed the morn¬
ing meal.
“My digestion became once more sat¬
isfactory, the headaches ceased, and the
old feeling of energy returned. Since
that time T have always had Grape-Nuts
food on my breakfast table.
“I was delighted to find also, that !
whereas before I began to use Grape-
Nuts food I was quite nervous and be¬
came easily wearied in the work of pre¬
paring sermons and in study, a marked
improvement in this respect resulted
from the change in my diet.
“I am convinced that Grape-Nuts
food produced this result and helped
me to a sturdy condition of mental and
physical strength.
“I have known of several persons who
were formerly troubled as I was, and
who have been helped as I have been,
by the use of Grape-Nuts food, on my
recommendation.” Name given by
Postum Company, Battle Creek, Mich.
“There’s a reason.”
Read the little book, “The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs.
Ever read the above letter ? A new one
appears from time to time. They are genu¬
ine, true, and full of human interest.
YOU Need This Book— It’s FREE
Every farmer and truck grower needs a copy of
Herrmann’s 1911 Almanac
Besides being full of valuable and interesting data for
farmers and fruit growers, it shows the proper way
to apply the purest and most efficient Paris Green
made— Herrmann's Hi-Gracle Pure Paris Green.
You'll get the results you expect. Address
Morris Herrmann & Co., 196 Fifth Ave„ New York.
B O OK LET
Write Today
CDRAY Adopted by the N.Y .State FruitGrowers’ Ass’n
arnAl it will pay you to use eituejr.
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS and AGENTS WANTEO
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
^FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
— , USE
_ I
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
14 BAYVIEW AVE..JERSEY CITY. N.Jj
WRITE FOR PRICES, CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOUCITEoJ
SPRAY bruits and
_ * FIELD CROPS
ana do whitewashing in most effectual, economical,
I rapid way. Satisfaction guaranteed. BROWN’S
POWERR Auto-Sprays
I No. I , shown hero, is tilted with Auto-Pop Noizlo—
i dona work of 3 ordinary .prayers. Endorsed by Ei-
I penment Stations and 300,000 others. 40 atylea and
cflfw8 i vV* an<1 Powrr sprayers — also pricea
1 and valusbla spraying guide in our Freo Book.
Write postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
2 t jay 3t , Eocheater, N. X.
THE 0 K CHAMPION SPRAYER
Insures the potato and
other vegetable crops
from damage by blight
or bugs. Their Work
Guaranteed.
ALL BRASS Double
Acting High Pressure
Bronze Ball V alve Force
Pump with relief valve
is unequalled.
LARGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE
describing O K Champion Potato Sprayer*,
Planters, Diggers, etc., with particulars.
Write today.
Champion Potato Machinery Co.
151 Chicago At*., Hammond. Ind.
BARGAIN? Cars of all makes bought and sold
□ HnUHIIIv “Hints to Buyers and Sellers”mailedFree.
20th CENTURY AUTOMOBILE CO.
246 West 49th, near Broadway, New York
IRELAND
HAY HOIST
GEARED
Saves one man
and team. Man
on load operates
machine by pull¬
ing a small rope
attached to lever
whenever he has the fork
Ctpicity or sling full, ready to
1500 Lbs. hoist. The machine stops
instantly when he releases lever rope, drop-
ping load at any point. Only 3 H. P. gasoline engine requir¬
ed. Takes off a load of hay, ice or anything that has to be
elevated to a height, quicker and easier than any machine on
the market.
WRITE TODAY FOR FULL PARTICULARS about Single
Drum. Double Drum and Self Acting Brake. Give speed
of engine and size of drive pulley.
IRELAND MACHINE & FOUNDRY CO.
14 State Street, Norwich, N. Y.
Hay Unloader
This Hoist is designed to
meet the needs of farmers
who have Gas or Steam
Power, and is of especial
interest for their use in un¬
loading hay and grain, and
in tilling the ice house and
storing feed, etc. Write for
full particulars and price.
John Farrell, Newton, N. J
We want every farmer in the land to have
our attractive Free Booklet on hay loaders.
It’s full of interesting facts and illustrations.
It shows plainly why the simple, light run¬
ning “GEARLESS” Hay Loader is the cheap¬
est to buy, the easiest to operate, the most
durable and altogether the most satisfactory
loader for; heavy hay, windrows, light hay,
clover, alfalfa or beans.
It’s the loader that can be depended upon
every hour during the haying season. “No
time out for repairs.”
Let us send you our Free Booklet at once.
Write us today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILL.
RAKES HAY RIGHT WAY
W Genuine New York Champion
Hay Rake, now nil Iron Age prod*
net, made from original patterns; light^
strong, compact, gets all the hay; levers^
convenient and easily operated; no jar — easy!
on horse and rider; 8,9 and 10 ft. widths; lasts a
lifetime; known everywhere for.TJ years as BK8T.
Bepair parts supplied for old rakes.
'ISQNME
Farm and
Carden Toolm
Stock carried at Canastota and Elmira, N. Y., Spring-
j field, Mass., Burnham. Me., and by our agents
generally. Write to day for Anniversary "Qood Old ,
Catalog, showing Potato Machin- Friend of /
ery, Hay Bakes, Garden, Or- »*- tl1*
chard and other tools— free.
BATEMAN M’F’B CO.
Bog 102 R i.
PORTER
HAY CARRIER
Has wide open mouth and
swinging fork pulley. Kills
hay mow full to the roof. Is
without exception best hay
carrier in the United States.
We also make Litter Carriers,
Steel Stalls and Cattle Stanchions.
Send for Catalogue
J. E. PORTER CO., OTTAWA, ILL.
HAY
CAPS
Stack, Implement, Wagon
and Farm Covers, Water*
proof or Plain Canvas.
Plant Bed Cloth.
Waterproof Sheeting, Tents, eto.
Henry Derby, 123-Y Chambers St., NewYorlr
SIW
'Watson OSPRAYMO 4-ROW
High Pressure Potato Sprayer
Never damages foliage, bnt always reaches bugs, worms, and
other foliage-eating insects. Has all improvements,— adjustable
wheel width, spray and pressure instantly regulated. Capacity 30 to 40
acres a day. free FORMULA book. Send for instruction book showing the
famous Gariield, Leader, Empire King and other sprayers.
FIELD FOltCE PUMP CO., a Eleventh St., Elmira, N. Y.
Spray and Make
Your Crop a Success
You can practically determine in advance the amount of perfect
fruit or vegetables if you spray regularly with
ELECTRO Arsenate of Lead
(in Powdered Form)
Its (guaranteed) 32^4 -33% arsenic oxide — twice the strength of other brands — kills
all leaf-eating insects at once, but the newest foliage will not be harmed because Electro
contains less than yz of 1% water-soluble arsenic. Electro is the only successful dry
arsenate of lead because it is the only one in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. Mixes
instantly with water and remains long in suspension ; or can be used as a dust. Rains
cannot wash it off.
Tests by Conn, and N. J. Agri. Exper. Stations prove its value — send for these.
Write, too, for our folders on Electro Arsenate of Lead and on Lime-Sulphur
Solution — of greatest interest and value to all orchardists and truck
growers.
If your dealer cannot supply, 'write tts for prices, proofs and
name of nearest distributor.
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL CO.
32 Church Streets New Voile
500
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
The Rural New-Yorker
TIIE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER.
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes
Established )SSO
Published weekly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl St., New York
Herbert W. Colijngwood, President and Editor.
John J. I)ii.t-on, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wji F. Dn-t-ON, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Rottjk, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
To foreipn countries in the Universal Postal Union, 82.04, equal to 8s. 6d., or
XJ4 marks, or lO'A francs. Remit in money order, express
order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 60 cents per agate line— 7 words. Discount for time orders.
References required for advertisers unknown to us ; and
cash must accompany transient orders.
“A SQUARE DEAL”
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬
sible person. But to make doubly sure we will make good any loss to paid
subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our
columns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We protect sub¬
scribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee to adjust trifling differences
between subscribers and honest, responsible advertisers. Neither will wo be
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of
the transaction, anil you must have mentioned The Rural New-Yorker
when writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
That is a valuable article by Mr. Rogers on rye.
We have done our best to encourage the use of this
grain in its proper place. It is not equal to clover or
Alfalfa or vetch, and it does not make as good fodder
as oats, barley or wheat. It is, however, tough and
hardy and can be seeded very late in the Fall. It
gives early pasture and provides a heavy growth for
plowing under. It is a good poor-land crop and bet¬
ter than wheat for seeding with grass. Rye has helped
bring up our own farm, and we stand by it as a good
friend.
*
Every mail brings letters from farmers who want
to be counted in on»that agrarian party. The' politi¬
cians do not seem to realize that back of all this unrest
is a feeling of dissatisfaction with both the old parties
as at present organized. They are neither of them as
competent to handle the great public questions of the
present day as either the Whigs or the old Democrats
were to settle the question of slavery. Thus a new party
was needed — and something of the sort is needed
now. There will be no bluff or “craze” about it, hut
a steady and solid growth, for the better class of
farmers realize how helpless they are under present
political conditions to obtain a fair business deal with
other industries. We would like to hear from farmers
who believe in this agrarian movement, and who are
ready to “enlist for the war.” Faint hearts should
not start.
*
We all read these wonderful hen stories ! It is pleas¬
ant to know that some happy mortals can have fresh
eggs every day in the year, but our own hens go dry —
very dry for several months. This “frost-proof” hen
may be coming, but the glass hen is here, and one of
her June eggs in January does very well. Water-glass
or silicate of soda is the best family preservative for
eggs, and it will pay any farmer to breed the glass
hen. Eggs laid in April, May and June are best for
preserving. Boil nine gallons of water. After it has
cooled pour in one gallon of water-glass and stir it
thoroughly. Put in a stone jar and gently place in the
mixture about 30 dozen eggs. Get them as close to
laying as possible and have them clean. Put the jar
in the cellar or a dark room, cover it over and let it
alone until you want the eggs. We would not try
to sell such eggs, but for family use the glass hen is
a wonder — in its way a good partner for Alfalfa,
vetch and the rest of the farm helpers.
♦
We urge our New York leaders to get right* in line
to support Assembly bill 1535, introduced at Albany
by Mr. Mork. Here is the vital part of it :
Every railroad corporation, and any lessee or other per¬
son in possession of its road, shall be responsible for all
damages caused by reason of fire communicated to adjoin¬
ing land, by reason of the operation of their roads,
where it shall be shown that said operation was the
proximate cause of the fire damage irrespective of whether
such fire shall be communicated directly by the railroad or
as a result of a fire caused originally by such operation.
The strong point of this is that the railroad is made
responsible if the fire starts through its operation. At
the present time a person who is burned out cannot
obtain compensation unless he can prove that the fire
actually started on his land. If the spark fall on land
adjoining the railroad’s right of way and spread to
the next property the owner of the latter cannot obtain
damage under our present law. The amendment here
printed will make the railroad responsible if it start
the fire! This is right, and the bill should pass at
once. Help push it through.
The magnified popgun or air pressure method of
"spraying is coming into favor quite rapidly. In some
of the larger orchards, and particularly on rough land,
this power is superior. The carts are light and can
go anywhere, and there is little that can get out of
order. Perhaps the highest development of this sys¬
tem is to be found on Catawba Island in Lake Erie-
off the Ohio coast. There are 55 air pressure spraying
devices in operation there. Distributed over this island
are plants where spray liquid and power can be bought.
You drive up to one of these stations and have one
tank filled with lime-sulphur solution and the other
charged with air. The lime-sulphur costs two cents a
gallon — the air charge 15 cents — the operation requir¬
ing about 10 minutes. This service is said to be
profitable. On this island no one needs drive over a
mile to reach one of these stations — some growers
travel less than quarter of a mile. During the spray¬
ing season the spray carts line up like wagons at a
creamery. You can also buy poisonous sprays in sea¬
son. We mention this to show how spraying is de¬
veloping, and how in favored localities cooperative
labor can be worked out.
★
That Guernsey cow case has now reached the point
where the Guernsey Cattle Club must take action or
he forever discredited. Mr. Taylor seems to make no
move to prove by the only true test that Missy can
give some more of that “liquid butter.” It looks as if
he is going to sit on that injunction and say “What
are you going to do about it?” And that is a good
question, too. What are the Guernsey breeders going
to do? If they are satisfied with a judge-made record
forced upon them by an injunction they ought to say
so frankly at their next meeting — and then pull down
their flag. For who can have any respect for them if
they run away from the firing line? Our understand¬
ing is that a majority of the officers and of the mem¬
bers regard this test of Missy’s as suspicious if not a
fake. We think we are justified in saying that this
test would never have gone on the record without
further proof hut for that Supreme Court injunction!
That being so, the time has come for the Guernsey
breeders to let the public know whether they are
breeding Guernsey cows or court injunctions. Their
annual meeting will soon he held. They have abun¬
dant means, strong legal talent, and they must realize
what this case means to the breeding fraternity. They
should stand up and face the crisis or go home and
stay there! Here is a brief statement of some of the
facts about Missy and her milk:
1. The sample of her milk submitted to prove her test
had only a small fractional difference from a normal five
per cent milk with cream added to it. No one has yet
found a sample of normal milk like this sample.
2. Every authenticated test of Missy’s milk showed
that she was producing about five per cent of butter fat.
During the time she was tcatched she gave a little less
than in the corresponding period of the year before.
2. In previous years and tests Missy produced milk
averaging about five per cent. There are 12 Guernsey
cows including Missy that produced over 14,000 pounds in
a year. Their tests for butter fat, outside of Missy, run
from 4.17 to 5.91 per cent. In all other cases where cbws
have given six per cent or more of fat they have given
comparatively small quantities of milk.
4. The special committee advised that the per cent of
butter fat claimed for November (8.71 per cent), be
changed to 4.88 per cent. This is an admission that the
reported test was too high, yet they permitted the Octo¬
ber test of 9.07 per cent to remain as claimed, also the
September test of 7.21 per cent! Thus they credit the
row with making 50% pounds of butter from 1033.30
pounds of milk in November and 104.41 pounds from
1151.20 pounds in October, or 88.45 pounds from 122G.70
pounds of milk in September.
Now, gentlemen, for the credit of the Guernsey cow
explain why it takes 14 pounds of September milk or
11 pounds of October milk to make a pound of butter
fat, while when you zvatch the November milk 20
pounds are required ! The people who buy dairy stock
want these October cows, but they expect the Guern¬
sey Cattle Club to play watchdog for them.
*
We have told how Senator Page, of Vermont,
sounded public opinion on Canadian reciprocity. The
local papers favored the bill, hut Senator Page is a
wise bird, and he went home and asked Vermont peo¬
ple to write him. They plastered him over with stamps
an inch thick, and he found that the papers did not
represent public opinion. Some of them had not
studied the hill at all— others had heard that it would
cheapen print paper. Now read the following:
Senator Page’s inquiries into the opinions of his con¬
stituents has been a means of enlightening and arousing
the farmers and I, a lifelong Republican, should not be
surprised to see his successor a Democrat if the Republican
party fathers this Canadian reciprocity measure. Our
local paper praised it before it knew its provisions, thus
showing the influence of the hand higher up. c. l.
We have known for weeks that this feeling is grow¬
ing in Vermont. If you think such a thing impossible,
remember what happened in Maine last Fall. The
heart of the situation is that the Northern farmers
May 13,
now realize how they have been “worked” to develop
protection and abandoned as soon as the tariff be¬
came of any direct benefit to them. The situation is
rapidly assuming a condition not unlike that before
the Civil War, when the old Whig party was broken
up. We believe that the movement will soon he be¬
yond the control of the politicians. It will not be likely
to mean any permanent increase of strength for the
Democratic party. There is a genuine demand for an
agrarian group or party pledged to support the inter¬
ests of farmers.
*
Postmaster General Hitchcock says the postal de¬
ficit has been wiped out. This means that expenses
have been reduced so that the Post Office Department
runs at cost. You remember that this “deficit” was
the scarecrow which frightened those “careful consid¬
eration” Congressmen away from parcels post.
“Will they now favor it?
No — for the plan evidently is to work up another
“deficit” scarecrow. This time it will be penny post¬
age to please the “business interests.” One cent post¬
age on letters will he popular. No doubt many busi¬
ness men who handle unmailable goods would rather
have it than parcels post! It will decrease the reve¬
nues, and there will he another “deficit.” Then there
will be the old demand for increased magazine rates
and the old argument against parcels post ! We shall,
in such event, lose the aid of “business interests” in the
parcels post fight, for they will be satisfied with penny
postage. We shall analyze this scheme in full. It is
what we shall be obliged to face. We must all under¬
stand right now that both of the old parties, as they
stand, are afraid of the railroads an-d express com¬
panies, and do not dare antagonize them.
*
Its ulterior purpose is to deplete, to decimate, to
dwindle, to drop, to diminish the bovine population of
Vermont, to discard dead beats, to deduct dullards, to de¬
tect and to drive to death the drones. Thirteen D's ; and
if I had any more up my sleeve I would use them. Too
many farmers utter other words beginning with D when
discussing this subject.
The speaker was Prof. J. L. Hills, of the Vermont
Experiment Station. He was talking .about the State
Dairy Test Association, which has proved itself
worthy of about all the good D’s in the language.
This association hires competent inspectors who go
from one herd to another testing cows for milk and
butter fat and throwing out the robbers: When, this is
kept up year after year, labor grows lighter and the
pocket-book heavier. Here is a statement of what a
cow-test association did for one Vermont farmer:
Milk
Aver-
Cows. age.
1909 — 13 3893
1910— 11 4402
Fat Cost
Aver- of Feed
age. Average.
203 $70.17
233 45.08
Cost
of Butter
Fat
Average.
Loss $ G.13 .345
Profit 30.49 .197
These were the same cows with two robbers turned
out, only better fed. They changed the loss into
profit and cut the cost of butter fat nearly in two.
That is what you get by applying the best factory
methods to milk production. It is a shame to see a
man rob his family by feeding a herd of robbers.
Vermont is the “Bashful State,” but find us a Ver¬
monter who is too bashful to. take conscience money
from a herd of robber cows when some one decimates
the drones! Here are a few more D’s for Prof. Hills:
Dump dwindling deficient dummies down divers diffi¬
cult driveways. Dawdling dubs destroy dollars.
BREVITIES.
Certainly — a “kicker” is likely to be a free hooter.
Look before you leap— then if you have good sense
the chances are you will not leap.
Nature sends moisture into the soil. Man’s job is to
work the surface so as to hold it.
You would hardly put our practical man “Mapes the
Hen Man” down as a dealer in fairy tales — but watch for
his hen story next week.
A few years ago Louisiana planters were advised to
bum waste molasses as fuel — and thus save its potash
and phosphoric acid for fertilizer. Now it is found that
molasses will develop certain soil bacteria and*is a better
fertilizer than other forms containing equal quantities of
nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid.
“As postage from England to Virginia is so much
cheaper than from Washington city to Virginia, I am
thinking of giving up library membership in Washington
and subscribing to one in London. If 1 find upon inquiry
that the duty would run the cost up, I might move to
London to live, and retain my membership to the Wash¬
ington Library,” says John Marshall, of Virginia. Mr.
Marshall’s post office is about 30 miles from Washington,
yet, as we see, postage on books from England is cheaper.
Many readers ask for some simple way of separating
vetch seed from rye. Here F. H. T. gives a method —
simple enough at least. Shall we score another run for
“The Business Hen?” “It .may interest some of your
readers to know of a simpler method of cleaning rye
out of vetch seed. I had to see it before I would be¬
lieve it, but hens will not eat vetch, and most of them will
eat rye or wheat if they get a chance. When in Oregon
a few years ago I saw lots of it hen sorted by simply
putting in box and letting them go to it.”
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
691
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
Any publisher who sells inflated stocks or
bonds or certificates of his own company
to his subscribers is a fraud. A publisher
naturally wins the confidence of the sub¬
scriber through the paper, and any at¬
tempt to profit by that confidence through
the sale of securities of doubtful value, is
a breach of trust. We ought to have a law
to prevent it. official.
Washington, D. C.
During the past year volumes have
been printed on the second-class postage
matter. During the last session of Con¬
gress President Taft and Secretary
Hitchcock introduced a hill to increase
the postage rate on periodicals. The
bill was defeated, and President Taft ap¬
pointed a committee to investigate the
whole subject. The discussion has been
voluminous, but the real cause of the
trouble has been either overlooked or
avoided.
To encourage the dissemination of in¬
formation and knowledge Congress has
established a rate of one cent a pound
for the postage on legitimate publica¬
tions. The rate for circulars and gen¬
eral printed matter is one-half cent an
ounce or eight cents per pound. The
law provides that to be entitled to the
one-cent-a-pound rate the publication :
* * * must be originated and pub¬
lished for the dissemination of information
of a public character, or devoted to lit¬
erature, the sciences, arts, or some special
industry, and having a legitimate list of
subscribers : Provided, however, That noth¬
ing herein contained shall be so 'con¬
strued as to admit to the second-class
rate regular publications designed primar¬
ily for advertising purposes, or for free
circulation, or for circulation at nominal
rates.
The publisher is required to make an
application for entry and the Third As¬
sistant Postmaster General is charged
with the duty of passing on the applica¬
tion. Under the present law much is
left to his discretion, and consequently
political pressure is often invoked to
secure the admission of a paper the qual¬
ification of which is in doubt.
For some time after the one-cent-a-
pound rate for publications was estab¬
lished the law was construed liberally
and practically everything in the shape
of a periodical published regularly as
often as four times a year was admitted
to the mails at this rate. Instead of
publishing a catalogue to sell goods and
paying eight cents a pound postage, house
organs were devised and published week¬
ly, monthly or quarterly, in the form of
a legitimate publication, and sent through
the mails at the one-cent rate. Some
houses made a business of publishing
books and reprints of old novels in pa¬
per covers. They were numbered seri¬
ally, and got through at the cent rate,
while the regular book rate is eight
cents. Then there came up the so-called
mail order paper. These papers were
intended solely for advertising pur¬
poses. They were sent out gratuitously
by the millions of copies. The paper
and ink used was the cheapest, and the
printed matter sensational and often
vicious. A pretense was made of tak¬
ing subscriptions, but this was inci¬
dental. The object was to get out big
editions. The publisher relied on the
advertising for his revenue ; and any
story or write-up demanded by the ad¬
vertiser was published without ques¬
tion. The publisher depended exclu¬
sively on the advertiser for revenue;
and consequently owed every considera¬
tion to him. Having practically no sub¬
scribers, he owed them no fealty, and
readily consented to exploit the reader
for the benefit of the advertiser. The
advertising was largely of patent nos¬
trums of quacks, and fakes of high and
low degree. The proprietor could pay
liberally for the advertising because the
remittances that he received were prac¬
tically all profit, and he was willing to
divide with his accomplice — the pub¬
lisher — in the deception or fraud prac¬
ticed on the reader. The reading col¬
umns were usually depraved and vic¬
ious, and the advertisements often in¬
decent. No parent would be justified in
permitting these papers to fall into the
hands of children. We would no sooner
allow one to remain on the library table
than we would permit a poisoned apple
to be used as a nursery plaything. From
an ethical as well as from an eco¬
nomical standpoint, such papers were a
menace to the family. The post office
would be justified in refusing them the
use of the mails for this reason. But the
Government had a grievance of its own.
These cheap papers, house organs, and
old book editions fairly flooded the
mails. It was estimated that it cost the
Government nine cents a pound to carry
them through the mails, with an evident
loss to the Government of eight cents
per pound. The postal deficit grew each
year with the increase of this kind of
matter. Hence an attempt was made to
enforce the law as originally established
by Congress. The old book editions
were completely excluded. The house
organs were practically eliminated.
Many of the mail order papers discon¬
tinued ; but others set about to avoid
the law. This has been effected in vari¬
ous ways. A subscriber is secured at a
nominal price and then continued indefi¬
nitely. A premium is offered in excess
of the value of the subscription price.
Advertising space is donated to a firm
■who will pay for a number of subscrip¬
tions for his prospective customers. In
the famous E. G. Lewis case we have
seen how a scheme was devised to or¬
ganize a League to furnish subscriptions.
The membership fee was $52, and each
member was allowed to send $52 worth
of subscriptions to the Lewis papers,
afterwards extended to a larger list.
The member was promised inducements
greatly in excess of the whole $52, with¬
out regard to the subscriptions, and
Lewis admitted that more than 70 per
cent of the subscriptions were sent in
as gifts to the people who received the
papers. That was the Lewis way of
avoiding the postal regulation. In the
Myrick case recently under discussion,
and we believe yet under investigation,
a paper purchased at a nominal price and
with no large accredited circulation
suddenly announced a 100,000 circula¬
tion. It is said that agents were sent
out to get these names, and that in some
cases the agent gets the full amount of
the collections, making it possible for
the agent, when required to keep up a
definite quota of returns, to send in sub¬
scriptions at nominal rates or even en¬
tirely free. To this the Department is
said to object, but it has been announced
that Mr. Myrick has succeeded in over¬
coming the objection of the Department
through the protests of Senators who
came to his aid. If so it seems like an
effective way of avoiding the regulation,
and opens the way to all the old abuses.
But new conditions exist; and this
brings us hack to the statement at the
head of this article. The people are
getting wiser. Fake advertising doesn’t
pay as well as it did, because people will
not patronize it. Honest advertising
pays better than ever before, because
honest houses have established a high
and uniform standard for their goods
through newspaper advertising. This
reputation acquired for their goods is a
most valuable asset, and they find ad¬
vertising space in good papers a paying
investment. But they will not allow
their advertisements on the same page
with nostrums or fakes. Hente the
mail order publisher is embarrassed on
one hand with a declining number of
his old fake advertisers, and on the other
by the objections of honest advertisers
to the few he is yet able to get. Hav¬
ing little or no subscription revenue, he
has been dependent entirely on the. ad¬
vertiser. This condition has driven him
to the expediency of working the reader
on the. stock or bond scheme. If the
man or woman who gets a paper free
refuses to pay for the subscription, and
will not patronize the fake advertisers,
he or she might buy stock or bonds, or
debentures or certificates, provided the
inducements are colored high enough to
attract attention. And so we have pub¬
lishers telling you of the great profits in
the publishing business, and naming three
or four conspicuous instances; hut caie-
fully refraining from the mention of
scores of equally conspicuous failures.
They give you no definite table of assets
or liabilities. The details of earning and
expenses of the past are omitted ; but
the prospects of the future are related in
great detail, and actually made to ap¬
pear as a present condition. Some of
these publishers have abandoned the
mail order type entirely, and attempt
quite respectable looking publications.
You find merit in them. What is said
appeals to you. They are smart enough ;
they take up subjects of public interest,
and pose as defenders of yourself and
the public. They get your confidence in
that way. Then they get your money on
the scheme. We hold them the meanest
set of rogues, because they betray the
confidence of the people they affect to
befriend.
The above quotation is sweeping, but
it is none too strong. We indorse every
word of it. We think it is up to Con¬
gress to define just what qualifications
will entitle a publication to the second-
class mail privileges. Our Federal Gov¬
ernment should not encourage publica¬
tions that prey on the confidence of the
people. Whatever the rate of postage
established for legitimate publications,
and whatever other restrictions may be
imposed on all classes, this privilege of
selling watered stock and bonds of the
company through the paper should be
eliminated. It is a violation of trust to
the subscriber; it is a scandal in the pub¬
lishing business, and it makes the Post
Office Department an accomplice in a
fraud.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — April 26, ,T. B. McNamara,
one of the suspects in the Los Angeles
Times dynamiting case, was identified at
Pasadena as the man who had boarded in
San Francisco under the name of Bryce or
Bryson. Bryce, with two other men,
bought 500 pounds of dynamite at Giant,
Cal., early in September, took it away from
the powder works in a launch, stored a
large part of it in a vacant building in
South San Francisco and brought the re¬
mainder to Los Angeles. Part of this was
used in wrecking the Times building, and
the remainder, it is asserted, in making
the infernal machines placed at the homes
of Gen. Harrison Gray Otis, owner of the
Times, and F. .T. X. Zeehandelaar, secre¬
tary of the Merchants’ and Manufacturers’
Association.
Indictments against Dan R. Ilanna, Rob¬
ert L. Ireland, of the M. A. Hanna Com¬
pany, and D. T. McCabe, fourth vice-presi¬
dent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and
17 indictments against the Lake Shore,
Pennsylvania, Bessemer and Lake Erie and
Nickel Plate Railroads were returned at
Cleveland, O., April 26, by the Federal
Grand Jury, which has been investigating
charges of rebating against railroads and
ore shippers in that region. Conspiracy
on the part of the railroads, ore shippers
and dock companies in granting rebates is
charged. No arrests have been made. The
three individuals are charged in the indict¬
ments with conspiring to violate the Elkins
law. A maximum penalty of two years in
the penitentiary and a .$10,000 line is pro¬
vided.
The plant of the New York Piano Key
Company, at Middletown, N. Y., was en¬
tirely destroyed by fire April 26, with a
loss of about $125,000. Falling walls
broke down electric wires and the city
lighting company was temporarily put out
of business.
Special agents of the Treasury have re¬
cently discovered a scheme by which those
persons who formerly sought to defraud
the Government out of customs dues by
means of the “sleeper-trunk” method are
now working through the medium of ex¬
press companies and consular invoices. The
invoices show under-valuations ranging
from 10 to 20 per cent of the real value
of the goods imported. Under the new plan
of smuggling by means of under-valuations,
the goods are turned over to the express
companies abroad, accompanied by the
necessary consular invoice. The express
companies do not know the actual values,
and have no means of ascertaining them.
The seller of the goods then mails to the
consignee a secret invoice setting forth the
actual value of the goods upon which pay¬
ment is made to him. By using the me¬
dium of the express companies, those en¬
gaged in the new fraud are said to have
sought to avoid direct responsibility, and it
is admitted that a maze of technicalities
will have to be cleared up by the Govern¬
ment before the exact responsibility can be
placed. Confiscation of the goods, however,
has been and will continue to be one form
of redress on the part of the Government.
The five-story building of the Buffalo
Glass Company, No. 96-98 Seneca street,
Buffalo, was burned April 27. Owing to
large quantities of turpentine stored in
the building, the blaze was a difficult one
to control. Explosions were frequent and
many firemen were temporarily overcome.
The loss is estimated as about $250,000.
The Hotel Wahnetah, at Glen Onoko, Pa.,
built by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Com¬
pany a quarter of a century ago at a cost
of $60,000, was destroyed by a mountain
fire April 27. The hotel was well knovyn
to Summer tourists, and preparations were
under way to reopen for the coming season.
James .T. Farmer, president of the
Anglo-American Authors’ Association, at
225 Fifth avenue, New York, was arrested
April 28 at the request of the Philadelphia
police, who wired that an indictment for
grand larceny had been brought against
him in Philadelphia. Farmer has been in
trouble before. The warrant on which
Farmer was arrested charges him with the
larceny of $3,700 through the sale of books
he said were rare and charged for accord¬
ingly. The complainant is Alexander Sel¬
lers, said to be a millionaire resident of
Philadelphia. Sellers, in the affidavit, states
that Farmer got $2,000 from him for a set
of Disraeli which could be bought in the
open market for $120. For a Vanderbilt
collection he gave $400, although it was
only worth $20. Other similar sales brought
the total out of which Mr. Sellers thinks*
he was defrauded up to $3,700. Farmer
was arrested last June in a civil suit
brought by Elizabeth Laidlaw, of Hemp¬
stead, to recover more than $3,000. lie
was released on bail and the action is still
pending. Recently in a suit for $8,500
brought against a man who was said to be
Farmer’s agent in handling “do luxe”
books, and which was lost, William Mc-
Cue, a clerk in Farmer’s office, said that
he had written letters to Sellers on foreign
hotel letter paper. At that time a steno¬
grapher in Farmer’s office told how Farmer
used to rehearse his salesmen in the de¬
tails of a story of a Minneapolis million¬
aire who was hurrying home from Europe
to pay twice for the books what the victims
of the trick paid.
Fire broke out April 27 in the plant of
the Canadian Car and Foundry Co., at
Amherst, Nova Scotia. It originated in
the blacksmith shop, and burned out forgo
shops and other departments. Loss $200,-
000 ; 400 men were made idle.
A Lackawanna excursion train carrying
150 members of the Utica Teachers’ Asso¬
ciation and IS friends to Washington for
a holiday week of sight seeing swerved
from the track half a mile south of Mar¬
tin’s Creek, N. .T., April 29. Four of the
five coaches rolled into a gully to the east
of the track, caught fire from the acetylene
gas tanks, and were destroyed in half an
hour. Eleven lives wore lost, eight teach¬
ers and three of the train crew. The fire
was so rapid that it seems remarkable
there were no more fatalities The passen¬
gers crawled through the windows with
hair and clothes afire, and many were
shockingly burned. It is said that a re¬
markable feature of the wreck was the
calmness and presence of mind of the
teachers under such terrifying conditions.
One-third of the city of Bangor, Me.,
is in ruins, thousands of persons are home¬
less and a property loss estimated at $3,-
000.000 was sustained as the result of a
conflagration which raged for hours April
30. Starting in a hay shed in Broad street,
the lire swept along Broad and Exchange
streets through the heart of the city, leav¬
ing homes, churches, schools, business
blocks and all the public buildings, with
the exception of the City Hall, a mass of
smoking ashes. Approximately 285 houses,
chiefly of the better class, about 100 busi¬
ness buildings and seven churches were
destroyed. Two lives are known to have
been lost. For many hours the firemen of
Bangor, assisted by men and apparatus
from other Maine cities, battled against
the blaze before they conquered it. Dy¬
namite proved of little avail. Buildings
were blown up,- but the flames easily leaped
the chasms thus made, and it was not un¬
til the wind, which had been blowing al¬
most a gale during the night, shifted and
a light rain fell, that there was any indica¬
tion that the firemen would win.
From the Manhattan Bridge, April 28, an
immense crowd watched flames eating up
the interior of one of the refineries of the
great Arbuckle sugar and coffee plant on
the Brooklyn side of the East River. An
explosion of sugar dust caused the fire, it
was supposed. Nearly 200 men employed
on the night shift in the refinery escaped.
Before the fire was extinguished it caused
a loss of $400,000, according to the police
and some of the Arbuckle officials. On
Christmas Day, 1902, three firemen lost
their lives at a fire in the same building.
Charles H. Hyde, Chamberlain of the
City of New York, was indicted May 1 by
the special grand jury which has been in¬
vestigating the affairs of the Carnegie
Trust Company. The indictment was found
under Section 372 of the Penal law, which
makes it a criminal offence for any person
who executes any of the functions of $
public office to ask, receive or agree to re¬
ceive a bribe. The evidence on which the
indictment is based, it is reported, was
sufficient to carry the conviction that there
had been an illegal arrangement between
Hyde and the officials of the Carnegie
Trust Company, and Hyde profited by that
arrangement. Joseph G. Robin’s story of
the $130,000 loan he made through the
Northern Bank to the Carnegie Trust Com¬
pany under what Robin described as the
coercion of Hyde is known to be one of
the basic facts brought out in the evidence
on which the indictment was found, and
the loans to John V. Smith, C. S. Eaton
and Charles 1’. Norcross, which were
found by the State Banking Department in
the paper assets of the Carnegie Trust Com¬
pany, are put down as the means by which
the arrangement was carried out. Early
in December of last year the Carnegie
Trust Company drew cashier’s checks on
the National City Bank to the order of
John V. Smith for $14,000. John V. Smith
is Hyde's private secretary. He deposited
these checks in his own account in tjje
Northern Bank. Within a short time Smith
drew four checks, aggregating $13,800 ; two
in favor of “Cash,” and two to the order
of Charles II. Hyde. The two checks
drawn to “Cash” bore Smith's indorsement,
and beneath that the indorsement of
Charles II. Hyde. Those two were cashed
in the Northern Bank. The two to the
order of Charles II. Hyde were presented
to the Northern Bank with a request foif
cashier’s checks of like amount, and those
cashier’s checks were deposited by Hyde
in his own accounts in other banks. The
indictment was followed by Hyde’s resig¬
nation.
FARM AND GARDEN.— A dispatch from
Frankfort, Germany, April 27, announced
that an agreement has been reached be¬
tween the independent potash interests in
the United States and the German syndi¬
cate through which the independents will
cut loose frm the American combined in¬
terests and negotiate directly with the
German syndicate. The negotiations will
be opened at Hamburg on May 10.
CROP NOTES.
We are having a cold wet Spring, hardly
any plowing done for corn ; acreage of oats
will be short. Fruit in good shape, promise
of a big peach crop. Pastures are fine,
meadows look promising for a full crop of
hay. Very few potatoes planted yet.
Hamilton Co., O. L. e. s.
'Fruit prospects are splendid here, and we
are trying to do our part. We have
manured all of our bearing orchards with
steer manure reinforced with acid phos¬
phate, and have sprayed all with lime and
sulphur and pruned them all, and either
plowed and harrowed or mulched. We also
have 500 oil heaters ready to use, and then
we will trust to Providence for the rest
till time to spray again. w. w. f.
Waterville. Ohio.
The fruit crop in the Yakima Valley has
gone through a severe cold spell during the
early part of April. After a close inspec¬
tion of the different districts in the valley,
covering a radius of about 100 miles, I find
the following conditions: Annie crop will
be about 75 per cent; pears, 65 per cent;
peaches, late, 40 per cent : cherries, 25 per
cent. This is to me a good showing in
view of the fact that much of the fruit
trees were out considerable in bud. Smudge
pots were used extensively In the lower
valleys. pact. g. kruger.
Washington.
Fruit trees of all varieties are very well
budded and prospects for a good crop of
fruit is excellent. Even the shy-bearing
varieties of peaches seem as well-budded
as any. Many power sprayers have been
purchased this Spring, and very thorough
work is being done in spraying. San Jose
scale has been discovered in many of the
orchards, and early spraying has been neces¬
sary. Quite a bit of Spring planting has
been done. Mason County has the reputa¬
tion of being the largest peach producing
county in Michigan, as well as a reputa¬
tion for honest packages. R. .T. Fitch, one
of the largest growers, ships direct to the
trade. One individual account last year
amounted to $1,500. In this case lie not
only produced the fruit, but also named the
price. If more growers would adopt this
method of selling they would not only get
more out of the dollar, but they would
lower the cost to the consumer, and also
avoid the glutting of the terminals, which
means low prices to the producer, and by
tin' tinie it gets to the consumer, fruit of
poor quality and at a high price, e. v. a.
Mason Co., Mich.
6 0S
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
May IS,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
IMMORTAL.
How living are the dead !
Enshrined, hut not apart.
How safe within the heart
We hold them still — our dead,
Whatever else be fled !
Our constancy is deep
Toward those who lie asleep.
Forgetful of the strain and .mortal strife
That are so large a part of this our earthly
life.
They are our very own ;
From them — from them alone,
Nothing can us estrange —
Nor blight autumnal, no ; nor wintry
change !
The midnight moments keep
A place for them ; and though we wake to
weep,
They are beside us ; still, in joy, in pain —
In every crucial hour, they come again,
Angelic from above —
Bearing the gifts of blessings and of love —
Until the shadowy path they lonely trod
Becomes for us a bridge that upward leads
to God.
— Florence Earle Coates, in Harper’s Maga¬
zine.
•
We are told that as a result of the
modern fresh-air cult nightcaps are com¬
ing into use again, and some department
stores supply them. This sounds en¬
tirely sensible. The drafts from many
open windows, playing about a sensitive
head (especially if thinly thatched) may
easily give cold while in bed, and the
nightcap is a sensible way out of it,
though in the bygone period, when
everyone wore nightcaps, fresh air had
not been discovered, and night air was
usually regarded as poison.
*
Here is a recommended recipe for
marbled jumbles: Cream a cupful of
butter with two cupfuls of sugar ; add
four well beaten eggs and stir the mix¬
ture into three scant cupfuls of flour,
with which two heaping teaspoonfuls of
baking powder and a scant half tea¬
spoonful of salt have been sifted. Melt
half a cupful or a cupful of grated
chocolate, as preferred, and stir it into
half the batter. To the other half add
the juice and grated rind of an orange.
Stir the two doughs together so that
the chocolate runs through the orange
flavored dough in streaks. Roll the
jumble mixture into a thin layer and
cut into fancy shapes.
*
Those little ribbon roses that have
been used so much as millinery and
neckwear trimmings are still in high
favor, and are used freely on lingerie
gowns, at waist, neck and on the sleeves.
They are also used to decorate parasols,
to finish the ends of lace scarfs, and in
place of rosettes on baby caps. It is a
“puttering” job to make them, but not
difficult for one with nimble fingers, ex¬
cept the very tiny ones. Sometimes
they are made in sprays, with stems
wound with green ribbon, one large rose
and several smaller ones, or they may
be used in little bunches, or even singly.
While shades of pink find greatest use,
they are made in all colors for special
needs. When made in the darker colors
to match a suit, the center of the flower
is often made of gold or silver ribbon.
*
Spanish rice is a wholesome and
savory dish. Take a cupful of rice that
has been boiled and drained, a large
onion chopped fine, two sweet green
peppers divested of seeds and chopped,
a quarter of a pound of salt pork
minced fine and the liquor from a can
of tomatoes. Put pork into a pan, and
when it begins to cook the onions are
added and cooked until they begin to
turn yellow. Then the peppers are put
in and cooked for two or three minutes.
The contents of the pan are then mixed
with the rice, enough of the tomato
liquor added to moisten the rice and the
mixture turned into a baking dish, cov¬
ered with crumbs and baked until the
top is brown — nearly 25 minutes.
An Englishwoman living in China
thus describes a visit to a Chinese
farmhouse in “The Lady’’ :
We spent the afternoon with a respect¬
able farmer’s family. The farmer's wife
welcomed us warmly and rega'led us on tea
and boiled eggs — a dish of twenty or thirty
boiled eggs, to be eaten without bread or
salt or any accessory whatever except the
tea. The farmhouse was built of mud,
with walls two feet thick, and the windows
were almost non-existent. The place
looked poverty stricken, but the fanner's
wife spoke of recent prosperity. Crops had
done welt and she and her husband had
been able to purchase that which they had
been wanting for some years past. She
took us to see the newly bought treasures.
We peered in through the door and the
good woman's face beamed with pride and
pleasure. There they were straight in front
of us, made of polished wood, black as
ebony, two magnificent — coffins.
*
In a recent address on popular educa¬
tion, Miss Agnes Repplier, the distin¬
guished essayist, referred to the modern
system which tries to make everything
easy and interesting to the child, and
thus lessens the desire to work and per¬
severe. Miss Repplier remarks :
The average child receives the Impres¬
sion that work is a kind of play, and he
is justified in stopping short when any
mental process becomes burdensome. Stan¬
ley Hall thinks that animal stories should
be acted out by the children and teacher.
Is it any wonder, with such a method of
study, that the child should early form the
idea that it is the business of the teacher
to keep him interested? A Harvard pro¬
fessor says that he can tell his freshmen
who began in the kindergarten, because
they lack patience and perseverance. Bar¬
rett Wendell tells of a lad who was trying
to work his way through college. When
given cataloguing to do and asked to do it
alphabetically, he said : “I do not know
the alphabet.” It is a far cry from the
present situation in the kindergartens to
the mother of John Wesley, who compelled
each of eighteen children to learn the al¬
phabet on his or her fifth birthday. That
is the other extreme. All that education
can do is to make a good learner. All that
idleness can do is to make a good player.
Neither can do anything, if they are not
made distinguishable from each other. Sir
Walter Scott made himself in hours of
truancy, but Scott knew when he was
idling. In his day there was no attempt
to popularize education. All education
was disciplinary. Even mothers were so
busy having children and caring for their
material welfare that they had no time
or thought to attend ‘‘mothers’ confer¬
ences.” They thus missed a great deal of
fun. Popular education has many fields
besides the lecture hall. Abbreviations
are now the order of the day, and lectures
take the place of dry reading and study¬
ing. Who can blame us for taking short
cuts in tli is busy world? In point of fact,
there seems to be genuine dread of tackling
any author, or of allowing children to
tackle him, until he has been run through
a sieve. It is the time for a vigorous pro¬
test against allowing children nothing but
predigested literature, and thus stunting
their mental processes. What is to become
of awakening intelligence, if it is to be
systematically laid to sleep again? Many
are the sins committed in the name of edu¬
cation.
Pe Tsai Cabbage.
The Bureau of Plant Industry of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture pub¬
lishes several times a year a bulletin un¬
der the title “Seeds and Plants Im¬
ported.” Strange fruits and vegetables
as well as unfamiliar varieties of many
of our common plants follow one an¬
other in the pages of these bulletins ;
names of plants and places with curious
spelling and pronunciation only to be
guessed at by the ordinary reader meet
the eye ; and led by these into far cor¬
ners of the earth with some consul or
explorer or scientific specialist one’s im¬
agination finds unusual stimulus. These
newly imported seeds and plants are
sent for trial to those parts of the
United States which seem best suited
to their successful growth. Many of
them are tried on the United States Ex¬
periment Farm near Washington by va¬
rious specialists of the Agricultural De¬
partment, and so it comes to pass some¬
times that the return at night from
work of one of these specialists brings
to his wife the additional interest of
some strange new variety of fruit to be
Compared carefully in flavor with the
native and known, or of some vegetable
for the cooking of which she may find
no recipe in her “Complete Cook Book.”
It was one such return at night, par¬
ticularly, that I have in mind. An old
botanical collecting-case had been doing
duty that Spring between Arlington,
where the experiment farm is situated,
and the suburban cottage where some
of the experiments reached their con¬
summation. This receptacle now dis¬
closed itself full of big, fat light-green
stems of leaves, calculated to make one’s
mouth water, so early was it in the sea¬
son. “This is the Pe Tsai I was telling
you about,” was the reply to an eager
question, and the added remark, “No
one seems to know just how to cook it,”
gave the finishing touch. The next day’s
experiment in cooking proved as satis¬
factory as had ihe experiment in grow¬
ing, and it was later given an honored
place in the experimenter’s own garden
plot.
Permit me to introduce Brassica
pekinensis, Chinese or Pe Tsai cabbage,
more formally. It forms oblong, loose
heads like Cos lettuce, but with much
larger leaves. Bulletin 'No. 205 of the
Bureau of Plant Industry says : “Planted
in Spring, Summer and Autumn by
sowing thickly on freshly cultivated soil
and then raking in. Ready for use in 20
to 30 days. Eaten boiled.” Stems and
leaves may be used together as “greens,”
but it was found to be most delicious
when the stems alone were used, boiled
and creamed, like asparagus. Its ex¬
treme earliness, combined with its ex¬
cellent flavor, make it a valuable vege¬
table for the farmer’s garden. The bul¬
letin before quoted mentions another Pe
Tsai cabbage which is sown in August,
transplanted in the Fall, and ripens and
is used during the Winter, but the
writer has had no experience with this
variety. H. B. T.
Another Cure for a Household Trial
— Driven to desperation one night in
your city by an innumerable host of those
umvelcomed invaders, bedbugs, I was
forced, then and there, to think out a
suitable remedy— something that could
be used at once conveniently, safely and
effectively. Too much danger in the gas
light from naphtha fumes, or turpentine;
besides their unpleasant odor when
fresh ; so I struck upon camphor. I dis¬
solved as much as I could in an atomizer
filled with alcohol, and, sure enough, I
had in my desperation stumbled upon an
effective remedy, easy of application,
pleasant in odor and deadly. The whole
thing is so neat, 1 mean as to material,
price, application, safety, cleanliness,
efficiency and convenience that I think
you will be doing a kindness to call the
attention of the public to this method of
attack or defence. I captured several
of the invaders and they seemed to wilt
under a spraying of this mixture as if
from a touch of a naphtha flame.
stranger.
If you
only knew what
splendid music the
Victor brings into
your home, you
wouldn’t be without
one for a single day.
There is a Victor dealer right in
your neighborhood who will gladly
play any Victor music you want to
hear, and if you want to buy he
will arrange terms to suit. Write
us today for his name and address
and we’ll also send you complete catalogs
of the Victor ($10 to $100), Victor-Victrola
($75 to $250), and Victor Records.
Victor Talking Machine Co.
20th and Cooper Sts., Camden, N. J.
hirnmr Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributor*
To pet best results, use only
Victor Needles on Victor Records
r.t<4
My “Pearl Glass”
lamp-chimneys give
more light than
common ones, clue
to perfection of
shape and propor¬
tions— riofht balance
of drafts.
They are clear as
crystal — made of
tough glass, not
bottle glass. They make the
lamp do its best.
Common chimneys hinder the
light — the draft is a matter of
chance. The lamp can t do its best.
My name, Macbeth, is on every "Pearl Glass”
lamp chimney. Send for my Index.
Macbeth
Macbcth-Evans Glass Co. Pittsburgh
Chicago: Philadelphia:
178 East Lake Street 42 South Eighth Street
New York: 19 West 30th Street
Reg. U. S.Pat Off.
cleanest and most reliable lighting lystem
known for farms and country homes.? The
Dayton Electric Lighting Outfits are low in
cost, easy to install, cost almost nothing to
operate. Give you better lights than most city
people enjoy. Write today for complete illus¬
trated catalog showing outfits, fixtures, etc.
DAYTON ELECTRICAL MFG. CO.
231 St. Clair Street Dayton, Ohio
Rider Agents Wanted
In each town to ride an exhibit sample zoxs blcy-
-Njc cle. Write for special offer.
Finest Guaranteed afrOT
1911 Models to
with Coaster-Brakes and Puncture-Proof tires.
1909 & 1910 Models
all of best makes.. .. " *° V? I &
tOO Second - Hand Wheels
All makes and models, . e£o
good as new . . *p*J to *po
Great FACTORY CLEARING SALE
We Shfp on Approval -without a
cent deposit, pay the freight, and allow
'lO DAY’S FREE TRIAL.
. . 'TIRES, coaster brake rear wheels, lamps.
r sundries, parts and repairs for all makes, of bicycles at
rhalf usual prices. DO NOT BUY until you get our
catalogues and offer. If rite now.
MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept. WflO CHICAGO
Direct from Factory, Freight Prepaid
and Guaranteed by the Manufacturer
You can buy a Gold Coin Stove from us $5 to
♦ 80 less than dealer’s
prices. We pay freight;
safe delivery insured,
polished and all ready
to set up.
“Satisfaction or your
money back any time
within 1 year”
is our written
guaranty.
Free Catalog
— / llustrates
all our Stoves.
Gives Price
List and tells our
Plan and Offer.
Send for it.
Gold Coin Stove Co.
3 Oak St. Troy, N. Y.
FUMA
Prairie Dogs,
m u u Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain Insects.
"The wheels of the gods
grind slow blit exceed¬
ingly small.” So the weevil, but you'caii stop their
ewith “ Fuma Carbon Bisulphide Ma“
EDWARD It. TAYLOR, Feun Yan, N. Y.
The Farmer’s Son’s
Great Opportunity
Why wait for the old farm to become your in¬
heritance? Begin now to prepare for
your future preterit* and inde¬
pendence. A th\ rvt ortunity
awaits you In . ;.p Saskatch¬
ewan or Alberta. .• a you can se¬
cure a Free . Iomcs buy land
at reasonable price*
Now’s the Time
— not a year from now, when land
will be higher. The profits secured
from the abundant crops of b
Wheat, Oats and Barley, r»
well as cattle raising, are causing a steady ad¬
vance in price. Government returns chow
that the number of settlers in AV: st¬
ern Canada from the 17. S. was 60
per cent larger in 1910 tliun the
previous year.
Many farmers have paid fortheir
land out of the proceeds of one crop.
Free Homesteads of 1 60 acres and
pre-emptions of 160 acres at $3.00
an acre. Splendid climate, good
schools, excellent railway facilities,
low freight rates; wood, water and
lumber easily obtained.
For pamphlet “Last Best West,” particulars
as to locations and low settlers’ rate, apply to
Sup't Immig., Ottawa, Can., or to Can. Gov. Agt.
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent, 30 Syracuse
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
(55)
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
€593
The Rural Patterns.
When ordering patterns always give
number of pattern and measurements
desired.
The skirt that gives the tunic effect,
yet is really a single one, is much liked
and will be greatly used throughout the
coming season. Here is a model that
can be trimmed to produce that effect
or finished with a deep facing of con¬
trasting material or made of two ma¬
terials, as liked. In the illustration, it
is cut slightly above the waist line, but
it can be cut off and joined to a belt, if
preferred. The model is an excellent
one for all seasonable material, cotton
and linen as well as silk and wool. In
the illustration white mohair is banded
with silk, but white linen trimmed with
color or with braid would be equally
smart. The skirt can be made in two
pieces with seams over the hips only, or
in three, with a seam at back, as best
suits the material. It is fitted by means
of darts. When the simulated tunic is
desired the trimming is arranged on
indicated lines. The skirt also is per¬
forated for deep facing or for contrast¬
ing materials. For the medium size will
be required 524 yards of material 27 or
2§4 yards 44 or 52 inches wide without
the seam at back; 4 yards 27, 4 yards
44 or 52 with seam at the back ; the
width of the skirt at the lower edge is
2J4 yards. The pattern, No. 6936, is cut
in sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and
32 inch waist measure; price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures include 6991,
fancy tucked blouse, 34 to 42 bust. 562
embroidery design. 2l/2 yards of ma¬
terial 27 inches wide, 124 yar<l 36, ll/2
yard 44 inches wide, for medium size.
The embroidery transfer pattern costs
10 cents extra. 6996, fancy blouse clos¬
ing in front for misses and small women,
14, 16 and 18 years. 2 yards of ma¬
terial 27 or 36 inches wide, or 1 yard
44, with Yz yard 27 for collar and cuffs.
To make the guimpe of one material
will be needed 3 yards 18 inches wide.
To make the lining faced will be re¬
quired 1 yard 36, with ?4 yard IS inches
wide for the front and under sleeves for
the medium size. 6997, semi-princess
dress, 34 to 42, with square or high neck.
5 Yz yards of material 27 inches wide,
424 yards 36 or 44 with 1 J4 yards of
plain material 27 inches wide, 8 yards'
binding, 4 yards of fringe to make as
illustrated, 24 yard 18 inches wide for
the yoke and collar for medium size.
7001, child’s Empire dress with body
and sleeves in one, 2, 4 and 6 years. For
the 4 year size will be needed 3 yards
of material 27, 2*4 yards 36 or 2% yards
44 inches wide, with 24 yard 18 inches
wide for yoke and collar to make as ,
shown in back view. 6999, straight
pleated skirt, 22 to 30 waist, with high
or natural waist line. 5%. yards of ma¬
terial 27 inches wide, 4 yards 36 or 2 24
yards 44, with 5J4 yards of banding or
2 J4 yards of bordered material 46 inches
wide for medium size; price 10 cents.
Conservatives and Insurgents.
I have two close neighbors, so differ¬
ent that the contrast affords me much
amusement. You all know the types,
and if you have them placed just as I
have, perhaps also see the humor in it.
I call them “The Conservative” and
“The Insurgent.” The Conservative has
just a small farm, as much as he and
a “month hand” can attend. He never
moves, and his farming has never va¬
ried, to my knowledge. Just so many!
cows and horses and hogs, etc'., and’
never any speculation. He never goes
in debt, goes to the nearby town on cer¬
tain days with butter, eggs and other(
produce, and returns with the supply of
food and other articles necessary to buyJ
To be obliged to send to town on other(
days is, to his mind, poor management,
but I knew him once to miss his calcu¬
lation by the price of a gallon of oil.
But he returned home for the money
before he bought that oil. Time is or¬
ganized in that household. Up at five
the year round and unless detained by
callers, you will see no lights in the
house after nine. You will always find
the wife in the Fall with a supply of
fruit “left over,” and there is always an
extra rag carpet woven ready for a time
when it shall be needed. In their opin¬
ion those who do not get their “hog¬
killing” done before Christmas “have no
business keeping hogs,” and the building
of a new-idea chicken house is a case
of “fool and money soon parted.”
The Insurgent is a newcomer. He
has bought a large farm, has torn away
the old house and outbuildings (“he
might be glad to have such before he
dies”), and to cover the expense of new
buildings, for he is young and without
funds, he puts a sawmill in the timber-
land, and his teams are passing every
day. He hires a half dozen men, and in
season his fields are dotted with busy
workers. He has labor-saving machin¬
ery and new appliances for butter-mak¬
ing. He sells in wholesale quantities
and buys in, like manner, turning an
honest dollar in every way he can. He
buys without money, but his thorough¬
going manner seems to provide security.
Now can you not easily guess which
man voted for replacing the old school
house with a better one, to raise the
teacher’s salary, and used all his in¬
fluence to secure macadamized roads?
And do you know which one never fails
in attendance upon all church services,
and who is just the man you will call
upon for active, physical help at a time
“when things go wrong?” They are
both excellent people, and every com¬
munity needs the two classes, if such a
state of affairs cannot exist where a
happy medium could populate. It is a
consoling thought that “it takes all kinds
of people to make a world,” for perhaps
even such as I may be needed. i„ s.
Lamb’s Kidneys. — These require to be
cooked very slowly ; too much cooking
will toughen them. Put into frying pan
over the fire five or six thin slices of
bacon and cook them a nice brown.
Take each piece up with a fork, arrange
the slices aound the inside edge of a hot
platter and stand it in the mouth of the
oven, or any warm part of the range.
Have the kidneys prepared by slicing
them or cutting them through the mid¬
dle and using a wooden toothpick for
a skewer to keep them open. Fry them
in the same pan in which the bacon was
cooked, making each side a nice brown.
Lay squares of toast in the middle of
the platter and put the kidneys upon
them. Stir a teaspoonful of flour into
the gravy, add a teaspoon ful of lemon
juice and season with a couple of
pinches of paprika. Pour over the kid¬
neys and serve.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
LIGHT*
Hear the Voice ol Wisdom
OVER 2000 fire insurance companies
urge people to protect their buildings
from lightning by the Dodd System of Light¬
ning Control. They grant lower rates of
insurance to induce people to secure
this protection.
It is to their interest to do so. Their statis- ^
ties prove to them that three out of four of
their country tire losses are caused by
lightning.
Benjamin Franklin, Original
ol’ Lightning
Control
West Dodd
Who Perfected
Lightning Control
The same statistics show them that of
all the tens of thousands of insured build¬
ings that are protected by the Dodd System,
they have never had one dollar’s loss to pay.
Make this a personal matter now. You have insur¬
ance on your home. Get protection on that home
and for your family. Get noth insurance and pro¬
tection for the cost of insurance alone. The reduced
cost of insurance shortly pays for the lightning pro¬
tection. Don’t trifle with fate. The investment is
wise. Itadds but little to the cost of your buildings.
The Dodd System is a 1'eal system— the one univer¬
sally endorsed. It is in charge of trained, schooled
men only. Every building a separate problem,
rodded according to conditions. Guaranteed. Monel/
Hack or Damage Made Good. Onr line Lightning
Kook, 7x10 inch pages, with vivid lightning scenes
and the whole lightning subject, FREE. Where
shall we mail your copy ? Address
DODD & STRUTHERS
437 6th Avenue, Des Moines, Iowa.
STYLISH
DRESSES
are quite largely a matter of
wise selection of material.
Select
« the
0
and you secure a serv-
| iceable and fashionable
cotton dress material
for Spring and bum¬
mer wear.
Pacific Percales come
in Oriental and fancy
designs, in pencil
stripes, pol ka dots,
plaids, and in both deli¬
cate and rich color
tones. F or dresses,
kimonos, wrappers,
shirtwaists, children’s
dresses, etc.. Pacific
Percales always insure
rich character, out of
the ordinary and up-to-
the-minute patterns/
positively longest wear.
Preferred by shrewd,
stylish women, who want to dress elegantly yet
inexpensively. _ _
Ask your dealer for genuine Pacific Per-
cales and see that this trade mark
is on each piece — the guarantee of the
greatest percale value.
If your dealer does not carry Pacific Percales,
write us for free samples and list of retailers who
will supply you. '
PACIFIC MILLS - BOSTON, MASS.
CIDER Mild WINE
No complicated mechanism-
big capacities. Requires only
2 to 4 h. p. to operate any press.
Also, HAND PRESSES,
GRINDERS, MILLS.
Write to-day for free catalogue.
THE G. J. EMENY CO., FULTON, N. Y.
— — — — — —
08 E?Er's most efficient device
tiirt madeforpumpingwaterbywnter.
D A gUR Raises water 30 feet for each foot
.W%. {a|| — no troubie
T r\r
or pumping expense.^ Satis¬
faction guaranteed.
Bookh t. plans, estimate , FREE.
RITE ENGINE CO.
2429 Trinity Bldg., N. Y.
Iirt'f f DRILLING
TT LtL/Lt MACHINES
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either eccp or
Bliallow wells in any kind or soil or rock. Mounted on
wheels or on sills. With enginesorhorse powers. Strong,
1 simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them
easily. Send for catalog.
WILLIAMS BROS.. lUnaca, N. Y.
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its lists men wishing to obtain em¬
ployment upon farms. Most of them are without
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of them speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
stating what you will pay, whether the work is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. & I. A. S„ 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
C III P — Farm of 144 acres; forty-four
* Ull vnLL acres timber: sugar maple or¬
chard of three hundred trees. Fine water supply ;
good trout in stream. New nine-room house; base¬
ment barn 41! by 80: other outbuildings. Apnles.
A tine dairy farm. Yearly taxes are about 122,00.
PRICE, $3,600 — $1,600 CASH.
HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Owego, Tioga County, New York.
—AMERICAN—
SEPARATO
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily
cleaned, perfect skimming separator for $15.95.
Skims warm or cold milk. Make:, thick or thin
cream. Thousands in use giving splendid satis¬
faction. Different from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity machines. The bowl
is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest
improvements. Our richly illustrated catalog
tells all about it. Our wonderfully low prices on
all sizes and generous terms of trial will astonish
you. We sell direct to user. No agents. Our
guarantee protects you on every American Sepa¬
rator. Western orders filled from Western points.
Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great
offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS,
AND UPWARD
SENT ON TRIAL.
FULLY
GUARANTEED.
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO., bainbb°rU°e!5n. y,
6G4
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
May 13,
Live Stock and Dairy
A PUREBRED HERD OF WORKERS.
The Dairy Testing Association in
Vermont has clone much to improve the
dairy herds. The robber cows are de¬
tected and thrown out. Many a time a
dairyman has found that what he called
his best cow proved to be a robber. The
scales and the Babcock test exposed her.
Not only do these test associations
throw out the robbers, but they select
the best cows for breeding, and thus
enable a dairyman to improve his her 1
sheep, the owner furnishing the power
and a hand to catch and tie the sheep to
the shearing table. He saves quite a
little in this way, and has all the shear¬
ing he can properly attend to. If such
a person is available, it is possibly
cheaper than doing it yourself if you
are short-handed and busy with farm
work. As you shear, pack the wool
tightly into old sacks and -—ay in
a dry place, preferably a well-ventilated
loft. And do not forget to dip your
sheep at once or as soon as the weather
permits; it is the best insurance for next
year's wool crop. REUBEN BRIGHAM.
by using pure blood bulls on good cows.
Here are the figures from Brookside
Farm, a herd of registered Jerseys — one
of the White River Test Association:
My business is making butter and I
have some iigures for you on last year's
work :
Pounds butter made . 13,896
Pounds butter bought . 2.316
Pounds butter herd here . 11,580
Average per cow for 32 cows .... 362
Pounds butter sold . 1 3,2-15
Receipts . $4,614.61
361 boxes used to deliver cost
$54.15; express paid, $142.88;
cost of delivery . 197.03
Net return 13,255 pounds . 4,417.58
Less value of butter that was
bought . 799.02
Return from herd here . $3,618.56
Average return per cow not count¬
ing skim-milk or calf . $113.08
The feed bill for this year taking
all feeds at market price from
our cow test record is . 1.851.44
Average price received . 0.345
Cost per pound to deliver . 0. <11486
Amount of the consumer's dollar
received here . 0.9S514
Butter was sold in Boston, Connecticut,
New York City, New Jersey and some sent
to Philadelphia, Montclair, Long Island, etc.
In the Summer sent to White Mountains.
C. D. HAZEN, JR.
EARLY SHEEP SHEARING.
In stocking a small farm with a
flock of sheep one of the first things the
owner has to learn is when and how to
shear his sheep. From personal experi¬
ence I should say the earlier the better,
provided the season is not too late or |
unsettled. Here in Maryland, a few i
sheared early, but most of us will wait
until the last of April and into May.
Early shearing is desirable for at least
two reasons; first, the wool is in better
condition and has not begun to peel, and
second, the sheep will fatten up much
sooner in the “undress’' and be more
ready for early breeding. This is es¬
pecially true of ewes that have had
Winter lambs. After being fed a heavy
grain ration and closely confined, the
wool on such sheep starts to pull out
and peel off much earlier.
As to shearing itself, there is no ques¬
tion as to the advantage of the shearing
machine over the old-time hand shears,
in neatness, closeness and saving of time
in shearing, and a man having a flock
of 30 or 40 can easily afford to have
such a machine, which can be bought
for $10 or $12, with little expense for
upkeep beyond a new knife blade or two
once in awhile, and plenty of good ma¬
chine oil. Anyone who can handle sheep
intelligently can manage such a machine
with a boy to turn the crank and fur¬
nish power. Indeed I believe it would
pay the owner to learn to do his own
shearing if for nothing more than that
the sheep are used to his handling. The
learning may be a little slow and tedi¬
ous, but after some practice he ought
to be able to shear 16 to 26 sheep in a
day without too much fatigue, provided
they are in good condition. Good con¬
dition counts 'for much, as it takes
about three times as long to shear a
poor animal as it does a fat one, and
“such a sight” as the former is, be as
careful as you may. The wool should
be as free as possible from dust and
dampness.
Shearing small flocks with such a
machine is a job many a farm boy of
16 or 17 could undertake to advantage,
as one of my neighbor’s sons has been
doing for the past three seasons. He
spends his Saturdays and Spring holi¬
days in this way, charging 10 cents a
Maryland.
THREE FAMILY COWS.
I wish to keep three cows on my place
and raise five or six head of young stock
every year. The milk from the cows I
want for family use, to feed calves and
make some butter. What breed of cattle
would you recommend that would find the
most ready market in this section of the
country and bring a good price? I do not
wish to get into •‘fancy” stock raising, but
want to raise cows that will bring a good
all-around return and sell readily. I would
have no difficulty in buying good calves
from either Holstein or Jerseys. x.
New Jersey.
There is much more in the cow than in
the breed. Just because a cow is a ‘‘Jer¬
sey” or a “Holstein” it does not follow
that she is profitable. In your locality we
would like a good Guernsey grade of good
shape and quality.
I live about 12 miles south of Ravenna,
and think some milk is shipped to Cleve¬
land. while there are some cheese factories
in the vicinity. In this vicinity most
farmers have hand separators and sell
cream to the cream wagons that gather and
ship to the Arnold Cream Co. in Cleveland.
We are getting one cent per pound less for
butter fat than the price of Elgin butter.
I understand the Co-operative Store for
farmers at Ravenna is a go. o. r. t.
Atwater, O.
The milk in this section is mostly sold
to the creameries. A test is made every
day of each producer’s milk, when they are
paid according to the test, and at this
time the price for one pound of butter they
allow 25 cents per pound. If it takes about
20 pounds of milk to make one pound of
butter, it would amount to about 1*4 cent
per pound of milk. When the butter is
lower in price they will get less for the
milk, and if butter is higher they get more
in same proportion. L. h. s.
Edenville, Pa.
“Bestov” Milk Cooler
The most economical cooler made. Cools
and aerates milk quickly, and to within two
degrees of the water temperature. All parts
touched by the niilk
are copper or brass,
tin coated, and easily
taken apart for
cleaning. Thor¬
oughly well-made
and durable. It is
very reasonable in
price. Send for
catalogue H, de¬
scribing, with
prices, everything
for the dairy.
DAIRYMENS
SUPPLY CO.
Philadelphia and
Lansdowno, Pa.
Big “Champion39 Cooler
PnAfile But say— are you getting them. The’
irl/Illb big milk and butter prices that
thousands are getting who are
using the Champion Milk Cooler? If not, tell
us you want to try a “Champion” free for 30
days. You hurry and buy when you hear
low price. Postcard brings free booklets
that explain everything, and please
send thut postcard NOW.
Champion Milk Cooler Co
1 !th St., Cortland. New York
PpftdiTCPrv tor New York City market
l 1 UUULOl o desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville, N. Y.
DORSET SHEEP
A splendid lot of yearling rams, big strong fellows,
tit for any use. Can spare a moderate number of
choice ewes with lamb at side. The very cheapest
way to get a start in this breed.
CHARLES B. WING, Box 23, Mechanicsburg, Ohio.
HORSES
OH Perclieron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
0U at farmers’ prices. A. W. GREEN, Route 1,
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Peuna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, O.
TIIE PEIICTIERON SOCIETY OF
AMERICA
Has 338 new members since December 1st, 1910,
exclusive of the 137 new members added by
taking over the Perclieron Registry Company,
Columbus, Ohio. More than 3500 stockholders
March 15tii, 1911. The only recognized Perclieron
record. Good pure bred mares will do your farm
work and raise more valuable colts than grade
mares. For information address WAYNE
DINS MORE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards,
Chicago, Ill.
ERCHERON
STALLIONS and MARES
Imported and liome-brcd. The best lot ever
shown in this country. Quality, price, guarantee right.
For 30 years ail importer and breeder of prize winners.
E I, W O O I) S . AKIN
170 South Street, Auburn, N. Y.
You CAN Afford a
SHARPLES
TUBULAR CREAM SEPARATOR
Lasts a Lifetime
Guaranteed Forever
Delivered, Free, At Your Home,
Set Up And Started For You,
Left With You For Thorough
FREE TRIAL
You Pay No Freight— Pay Noth¬
ing in Advance— Do Not Haul
It — Go to No Trouble — .Take
No Responsibility.
We make you this un¬
usual offer so you can
see, for yourself, without
any trouble or expense,
that Dairy Tubulars pro¬
duce twice the skimming
force, skim faster and
twice as clean as others.
Contain no disks or other
contraptions.
Repeatedly pay
for themselves by saving
what others lose. The
World’s Best. Later than,
different from, rapidly re¬
placing all others. Guar¬
anteed forever by America’s
oldest and world's biggest
separator concern.
IIow can you afford to
risk anything on any
'•mail order” or other (so
called) cheap machine, the
average life of which Is one
year? All other separators
taken in part
payment for
new Tubu¬
lars.
Write for
catalogue
No. 153
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO..
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, III., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.
VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS
(Trocars, Hopples, Impregnators), for
Horses, Cattle, Swine, Poultry, Etc.
Keceived only award World’s Fairs
Chicago, St. Louis. Write for Illus¬
trated Catalogue.
HAUSSMANN & DUNN CO.,
708 So. Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois
S’WIKTE
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENN YAN, N. Y
LARGE BERKSHIREvS
Not the cheapest, but the best. Special offering of
Spring pigs, single or mated, l'or breeding. Cata¬
logue on application.
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg!!, Pa.
DIRT
out of the
Milk
You can’t
“ strain” it
out— keep
it out.
One milk pail and only one will do it. Milk goes
through the strainer cloth into the pail, untainted,
while the dirt shelf catches all the dirt from the
udders and handling in the
Sterilac Milk Pail
(Try It 1 0 Days Free).
You will never give it up if you try it. The only
sanitary milking pail that ever got the approval of
all dairymen. Heavy, well made, the proper
height, just the right set,” easy to pour milk out
of, easy to clean, and, above all, it keeps milk
pure. Best way to keep milk from souring, surest
way to keep out of trouble with Boards of Health
anrl Milk Commissions. Piice$2.50. Ask your
dealer. If he hasn’t it we will send trial pail pre¬
paid. Return at our expense if not satisfactory.
STERILAC COMPANY, & Merchants Row, Boston, Moss.
MAY OFFERING
of Maple Hurst Stock Farms, Guilford, Conn.:
Fantim’s Zac Taylor, head of our Guernsey herd,
is offered for sale to avoid inbreeding: ns fine an
animal as stands in U. S.: guaranteed perfect in
every respect. Also one Yeailing Guernsey Bull
sired by aboVe-iiamod bull afid from a dam produc¬
ing 42 44 pounds of milk per day, testing S.4-5.6.
Three Registered Berkshire Boars, models of per¬
fection in form and points, weighing from 175 to 200
pounds each; seven monthsold. Four unregistered
but full-blooded C. W. Boars, 14 monthsold; all
magnificent animals; must be sold to make room.
Guaranteed Tuttle Strain S. and D. O. R. I. R. Eggs
for hatching, $1.00 per 15; $5,00 per 100. Imperial
Pekin Duck Eggs, $1.00 peril; $7.00 per 100. Two
Registered Jersoy Bull Calves, four to five months
old, from heavy producing stock and Pogis blood.
BULLS FOR SALE
We offer for sale at our farm at Earl-
viile, Madison County, New York: —
One Registered Guernsey Bull, age 1 year, 7 mos.
One Registered Brown Swiss Bui I, age 1 year ,3 mos.
One Registered Brown Swiss Bull, age 3 years, 9 mos.
Add ress:
BORDEN’S CONDENSED MILK CO.
Earlville, Madison County, New York
W. C. Young, Snpt.
Registered Holstein Bulls
bulls from one month to 18 months of ago. Best A.
R. O. breeding and individuality. State your wants.
JARVIS BROS. .... Elyereek, N. Y.
LVftrft HOLSTEINS
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. • The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of young bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELYOU, Somerville, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEI N-FRl ESI AN ASSN OF AMERICA
F. L. HOUGHTON, SECY. BOX 1 OS, BRATTLEBORO.VT.
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires, C. Whites.
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated
not akin. Bred sows service Boars,
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie
Pups, Beagles and Poultry. Write for
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Ercikloun Pa.
Robinson’s HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. D. ROBINSON, Edmeston, N. Y.
SPRINGBOK BERKSHIRES.?^
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, toser-
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Pioorietor, Marbledale, Conn.
AilAMUCKY FARM HOLSTEINS
Wo offer well bred bull calves out of A. R. O.
dams at reasonable prices. Send for list before
placing your order. ALLAMUCHY, N. J.
LARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-Special Offering
of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fancy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
up. They should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity. H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y.
LARGE YORKSRIRE PIGS ST^n°™GHS
Boars ready for service May 51.00 EACH
15, 1911. Chas. H. Emens, Spring Hill Farm, Binghamton, N.Y.
Chester Whites
Enquiries promptly answered.
Eugene T. Black, Scio, N. Y.
CHELD0N
0 Bred
FARM registered Duroes. Pigs of both sex.
Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BARNES, Oxford. N. Y.
HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES gS*®?
ter Boy, G2729. for sale cheap. OSWEGO RIVER
STOCK FARMS, Phoenix, New York.
Piirokg Qinnlf Form— Registered Jersey Bulls
CUICAd OlUUK I dim and Heifers, 0 monthsto 2
years old. Chester White, Poland China and
Berkshire Pigs. Scotch Collie Pups and a variety
of poultry. Send two-cent stamp for circular.
EDWARD WALTER. West Chester, Pa.
Breed Up-Not DownT.'r.r
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. It. F.
SHANNON, 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
nipp — 8 weeks old. Black, White or Red ones. $5
rlUO each. CLARK FARM, Boonton, N. J.
DUROC PIGS, $8. White Buff Rocks and Leghorn
eggs, $2. Serene Wicks, DeGraff, Ohio.
CTERIJNG HILL FxlRMS— CHESHIRE
SWINE— Orders booked for Spring Pigs reg¬
istered stock and grades; large litters and best of
breeding. Bigelow & Swain, Ogdensburg, Sussex Co., N.J.
Registered Berkshire Boar
5 months old. Sired by Hope Farm
Rex. Price $25.00, crated F. O. B.
A. ROGERS, R. F. D. No. 2, Lambertville, N. J.
| _ D Q <3r S
pm I 1C PIIPQ— From imported stock. Females
UULLlL rUrOcheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
STe REGISTERED COLLIE PUPS
WILLOW BROOK FARM, Franklintown, Pa.
RED
POLLED
CATTLE
CHOICE STOCK OF EITHER SEX
at SPRINGDALE FARM
Prices reasonable
E. J. ADAMS, Adams Basin, N. Y-
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern’s Jubi¬
lee still heads the herd. What do you want?
Will also sell full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2 and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. V.
Jersey Bulls For Spring Service
From Son of "The Imported Jap.” Dams are
Flying Fox, Financial King, Stoke Pogis, and
Combination Blood. Also Fertile Eggs from
Young’s S. C. W. Leghorns, Wrights W. Wyan-
dottes, and Tuttle’s R. and S. C. R. I. Reds, $100
per 15, $5.00 per 100 Satisfaction guaranteed.
SHELDONCltOFT, Silver Lake, Pa.
Chas. B. Dayton, Supt.
"Howto Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully Without Milk"
Contains full information and complete feeding directions for using
Blatchford’s Calf Meal — The Perfect Milk Substitute
Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.
fVlo mill feed The only calf meal manufactured in an exclusive Calf Meal Factory
Established at Leicester, England, in 1800,
Blatchford’s Calf Meal Factory, Waukegan, Ill.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
o©6
mil.
POSSIBILITIES OF AN AGRARIAN PARTY.
Ou page 547 the writer dealt with the
political situation as affected by the politi¬
cian class, and the resulting policy of the
Democratic party iu Congress. In the edi¬
torial of the same issue appeared a para¬
graph from which I make the following
quotation : “The Democrats are now work¬
ing and studying to gain the confidence of
the country and elect a President, it is
safe to say that they never can do it unless
they make parcels post a supreme Issue and
either pass a bill or pledge themselves to
do so.”
The passage quoted is of great import¬
ance, since nothing is easier than to pre¬
dicate that, because a movement is likely
to receive the support of a large voting
bony, it will therefore be enacted into law,
and its supporters be triumphantly elected
to office, in a letter to Congressman Dris¬
coll upon this point, Mr. Ditchings took a
similar position. Herein, I believe, both the
editor and Mr. Ditchings fell into a com¬
mon error.
In reviewing the nolitical history of this
country, one fact which ought to impress
itself upon the mind of the farmer, is the
frequency with which political movements
dealing with his interests have met with
failure. Among them we have the Green¬
back movement of the early eighties. After
that came the Farmers’ Alliance of 1890,
followed iu 1890 by the grand coalition of
the Populists, Free Silverites and Radical
democracy. Among other defects which in¬
hered in the movements mentioned, I need
but note the gradual broadening out of the
lines so as to embrace within the platform
too many and diverse conflicting elements.
This was particularly the case in the move¬
ment of the Free Silver demand of 1890.
Along with many real grievances, came
the demand on the part of the mining in¬
terests for a better market for their pro¬
duct; this was mingled with a stringent
financial situation which bore hard upon the
farmer, and caused him to .lend a ready
ear to the silverite ; then came the poli¬
tician with his wily devices for the gaining
of political power, and the movement be¬
came topheavy and eventually broke down
and disintegrated. A dramatic display of
stump oratory, a crushing political defeat,
and then the farmer's demands for redress
received a setback for 20 years or more.
The occasion mentioned has formed the
most striking example of the history of
movements of this kind, and every farmer
can study it, and reflect upon it with profit.
A supreme danger to all movements of
this kind, is the intrusion of the outsider,
the political ax-bearer, the man of. small
views and the demagogue who has no in¬
terests beyond a desire to get into office to
connect him with the class which he pro¬
fesses to represent. It is tills class of
political reptiles without real interest in
the public’ welfare, without scruple, char¬
acter or brains, such men as lead both
parties in Congress, as will weigh down
and destroy any movement for the redress
of grievances. Such men are the enemies
of the farmer and of the public order and
well-being. Then we have the danger of
too broad an extension of party lines,
which results in the embracing of diverse
and conflicting elements. Unou the occlu¬
sion of such support the movement becomes
weighted down, loses direction and peters
out.
At this point, let us consider the or¬
ganization of the German, or rather, the
Prussian agrarians. Strictly speaking, this
is an organization of landowners, as busi¬
ness men, for the promotion of the interests
of their class. All nominations made for
office are selections from men of their own
class and occupation. Against the dema¬
gogue of the market nlace. the ax-bearing
politician and the office-seeking attorney,
the gates of admission are kept strictly
barred. The party is numerically smaller
than several others of the empire, but it
greatly exceeds any of them individually in
influence and power.
Let us suppose we had a similar body in
the United States. Its management would
be centered in the hands of men who would
be of tlie land-owning class, and therefore
stable, conservative and trustworthy. They
would combine with such other groups as
would be men who, above all else, would
understand their own occupation and its
needs. They would combine with such other
groups as their class interests would dic¬
tate, and by reason of the cohesion and
solidarity of their voting body, they would
be able to resist aggression from other and
hostile interests.
Let us treat at this point the question
of parcels post. Primarily it interests two
classes — the farmers and the consumers,
but among the latter in particular, the
laboring element. To the former it would
bring a readier market, insuring him a
fairer profit for his goods ; to the latter it
would insure a supply of material and pro¬
duce free from profits of several inter¬
mediaries.
After a study of its conduct in Congress,
my belief is that the Democratic party
will not, as an organization, assume the
responsibility either of lowering the tariff
materially, or of enacting a parcels post
law. These two measures must, therefore,
be regarded as shelved indefinitely. We
can see them making all sorts of faces to
attract the attention of the galleries, and
sparring for political advantage, but so far
as serious intentions go, the Democratic
organization is as far from redressing the
farmer’s grievances as its adversary. We
can well gauge the fear with which the
Democrats regard a heavy campaign con¬
tribution -which the express companies
would make to protect their interests. That
is an important factor in the minds of
both parties and, therefore, so far as the
present situation goes, parcels post will not
elect any President in 1912. The real need
of the hour, is the organization of an
American Agrarian party, on the same lines
as that in Germany. Such a movement, if
successfully accomplished, would break
down the peculiar power of both old par¬
ties. We might then expect that this would
be followed by the organization of a
stable group of the laboring element, which
from the standpoint of interest, has much
m common with the farmer. Other groups
would be similarly formed, and in this
situation by a combination of groups
which would predominate, a parcels post
law could be enacted, e. c. tokstexson.
Methods of Separating Milk.
When using a separator is it all right
to pour lint water in the milk to warm
it as the first milking gets cold before I
finish milking the last cows? Can you
make it too warm? We are selling to the
creamery, and which is the most money
in, making the cream thick, thin, or me¬
dium? We are selling ours thick as we
have more skim-milk to use, but wondered
which was the best way. t. j. p.
Skowhegan, Me.
It would be better to set your milk
pails in a tub or tank of warm water to
keep up the temperature until you are
ready to separate. For best results
skim at about 90° F. Some separators
will not skim clean when skimming a
rich cream; but if your machine is a
good one it will pay you better to pro¬
duce a thick cream (at least 30 per cent
butter fat). Be careful to keep up the
speed and do not crowd the milk through
too quickly. By testing your skim-milk
occasionally you can tell if there is any
waste in separating. c. s. m.
Garget.
A few weeks ago I wrote you for advice
In regard to a cow which had trouble with
one of her teats. You advised me to call a
veterinarian. Do said the cow was troubled
with cowpox at the point of her teat. lie
opened up the teat and gave us a tube to
Insert. lie also told us to wash the teat
with peroxide and alcohol, and gave us an
ointment. We followed directions, kept tire
teat and tube very clean. The first few
days the milk flowed from the tube, but
later the teat became swollen, the milk re¬
fused to flow and it is now very difficult to
get, comes out in form of yellow cheese, has
a disagreeable odor, and when I massage
the udder it makes a gurgling sound. Cow
refuses to eat. m. s.
New York.
As is so apt to happen in such cases, the
udder has become infected and the quarter
no doubt will lie lost. We take it that in¬
fection had started before the cutting was
done, but the milking tube is most likely to
introduce the infective germs. Iu such
cases we prefer to cut out the sore at end
of teat, then allow the milk to stream or
drip away as It forms, instead of using a
milking tube. Besides this the teat has to
be soaked twice daily in a warm saturated
solution of boric acid. Treat the cow for
garget, as so often advised here. a. s. a.
TwoVaiuablefTDCE'
Barn Books InCU
“ on Barn Eouipmenl-
Dairymen , write today. These freo books
were written by dairy barn authorities and
contain valuable information that will prove
a big help to you in the re-arranging, the
building or the remodeling of your dairy barn.
They also contain detailed descriptions of the
James Sanitary Barn Equipment and explain
live patented features that save enough on feed
and labor to pay for the whole equipment in
a year. Write today, sure— stating the num¬
ber of cows you own.
Kent Mfg. Co., 1530 Cane St., Ft. Atkinson, Wis.
Jame5 5anirary
Barn Eouipmenf
THRIFTY
STOCK
; w*/
PAYS
MORE MONEY
GIVES
MORE SATISFACTION.!
NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED
WITH LICE, TICKS, MITES, FLEAS,
SCAB, MANGE, AND OTHER SKIN j
DISEASES.
„ TO CLEAN OUT THESE
PARASITES, GUARD AGAINST
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES,
CLEANSE, PURIFY, AND
DEODORIZE. USE
M
d'y
At, i
Kreso
Dip N°1
BETTER THAN OTHERS.BECAUSE, IT IS
STANDARDIZED,
UNIFORM. DEPENDABLE. EFFICIENT. ONE
GALLON OF KRESO DIP NO.I MAKES 60
TO 100 GALLONS OF SOLUTION(DEPENDING
UPON WHAT USE IS TO BE MADE OF IT.)
A REAL NECESSITY ABOUT
HORSES.CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE,
DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.
FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK FOR LEAFLET
DESCRIBING A NEW CEMENT HOG WALLOW, IF YOU |
ARE INTERESTED.
PARKE, DAVIS &G&
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL
ft \ V\ ’INDUSTRY.
<<W<^ S'VtO\DETR0IT,MICH;
OV^ ,, I Nl U.S.A.
Sharpies Mechanical Milker
JT is revolutionizing dairy methods — helping men
increase herds and decrease operating expenses
— helping dairymen make worth while profits. It
possesses indispensable, invaluable, exclusive
features.
The Teat Cup With The Upward Squeeze
insures rapid, clean milking and leaves the teats and
udder in a soft, pliable, natural and healthy condition.
Conclusive proof of satisfactory results :
No-Buyer-Has-Ever-Quit-Its-Use
Write for Catalogue “E” to Sales Dept.
DAIRY SPECIALTY CO., West Chester, Pa.
Send Us 25 Cents TODAY for Box of
Labaree’s Gall Cure
A guaranteed cure for Galls, Sore Shoulders and
Backs, Corns, Cracked Heels. Mud Scalds, Scratches
and Grease, and all skin diseases of cattle, horses and
sheep. Contains no mercury or other harmful drug.
FREE — Book on Treatment of Wounds
. _ _r- ■ _ of Domestic Animals.
VERMONT DRUG CO.. Bellows Falls. Vt.
NEWTON’S HEAVE
COUCH, DISTEMPER ^1 IOC
AND INDIGESTION vUlAU »
The Standard Veterinary Remedy.
Makes the horse sound, stay sound
DEATH TO HEAVES
The first or second $1.00 can cures Heaves. The third
can is guaranteed to cure or money refunded
$1.00 per can at dealers, or express prepaid.
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO.. Toledo. Ohio
Removes Bursal Enlargements,
Thickened, Swollen Tissues,
Curbs, Filled Tendons, Soreness
front any Bruise or Strain; Cures
Spavin Lameness, Allays Fain.
Does not Blister, remove the hair
or lay up the horse. *5J.OO a
MINERAL
HEAVE
REMEW
NEGLECT
Will Ruin
YourHorse'
Send today for
only
PERMANENT
SAFE
CERTAIN*
S3 PACKAGE
will cure any case or
money refunded.
SI PACKAGE .
cures ordinary cases.
Postpaid on receipt of
price. Agents Wanted. fiZg-A
W ri to for descriptive booklet.
Mineral Heave Remedy Co.,
fourth Avenue. Pittsburg,
Philadelphia SILOS
_ , _ tip _ . _
Before After bottle, delivered. Book 1 E free,
ABSOBBINE, JK., liniment for mankind. For
Synovitis, Strains, Gouty or Rheumatic Deposits,
Swollen, Painful Varicose Veins. Allays Fain.
Will tell you more if you write. $1 and $2 per bottle
at dealers or delivered. Manufactured only by
W.F.Y0UNG, P.D.F. 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
’ C SPAVIN
KENDALLS CURE
—-has saved thousands of dollars
and thousands of horses. The old
reliable cure for Spavin, Ring¬
bone, Splint or any lameness.
For sale at all druggists. Price _
$1 per bottle, 6 for $5. ‘‘Treatise on the Horse**
free at druggists or write to l)r. B. J. KENDALL,
QQ31PAXY, Knosborg Fails, VtM U. S. A. 5|
Quinn’s Ointment
*iloea for the horse what no other remedy can do.
There’s nota curb, splint, spavin, wind puff orbuuch
that it will not remove. Sure and speedy. Thous¬
ands of horse owners use it — Quinn’s alone. They
regard it as the unfailing remedy.
PRICE SI. OO PER BOTTLE.
At all druggists or sent by mail. Testimonials free.
W. B. Eddy ft Co., Whitehall, New York.
GREEN MOUNTAIN SILOS
Write TODAY for Booklet to
CREAMERY PACKAGE MANUFACTURING CC
338 West St., Rutland, Vt.
have a 10 year reputation for strength ami efficiency.
Posiitively the only Kilos made that have an Cponing
Roof— Only Continuous Open Front. Our 30 it. Silo
equals other 36 ft. Silos capacity. Over 5,000 in use.
Opening roof works automatically — permits Silos be¬
ing fully packed. Also splendid line in Water Tanks,
Gasoline Engines, Pumps, etc. Get free catalogue.
E. F. SCHLICHTER CO.
129 Fuller Bldg., Phila., Pa.
ft bei
NE
mu m
mu— »
in jp >■
sss-
!!!.£!
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
EW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
ARANTEED MONEY-SAVING
INTERNATIONAL
SILOS
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoop—
ruiBT -iu continuous open-door front — air-tight door and per*
.'fcr- i~xA manent ladder are some of the unusual features. The
,i_ \ZU International Bllo Cn.. II 3 TTnin St.. Linear!!!*. Bte
The only thoroughly manufactured
Silo on the market. Full length stave. .
Continuous door frame complete with
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy
hoops at bottom.
AIR TIGHT
Makes winter feed equal to Juno
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay
for itself in one season. Write to¬
day for catalog which gives facts that
will save you money. Agents wanted.
The E. W. Ross Co.(Est.l850)
Box 13 SPRING HELP. OHIO
THE UNADILLA SILO
IS THE SENSATION OF
THE AGRICULTURAL WORLD
Because it bus an adjustable door
front to and from doors.
Because no hammer is needed to
release doors.
Because doors can be unlocked, moved
in frame and relocked 50 times a minute.
Write for catalogue describing tho
above features ami testimonials, and
our "TWENTY-FIVE REASONS.”
•We also manufacture Farm Water
Tubs and are New England representa¬
tives for Papee Cutters and are in posi¬
tion to quote low prices upon receipt of inquiry.
Extra discount for early orders. Agents wanted.
THE UNADILLA SILO CO., Inc., Box B, UNADILLA, N. Y.
II A
HARDER MFG. CO.
BOX 11 COBLESKILL, N.Y.
i L\y
the rural new-yorkee
May 13,
The Henyard.
RHEUMATISM OR “PLAYED OUT.”
Can Mr. Cosgrove tell me what ails my
hens, and the remedy? They are White
Wyandottes, 1910 pullets, are good layers.
Some of them seem weak in their legs, do
not want to stand up long. Feed has been
bran, cornmeal, wheat, oats, corn ; oyster
shells kept by them. G. L.
Bangor, Me.
When this trouble appears in full
grown fowls it may be rheumatism;
this may be • determined by feeling the
legs. If they are hot and the joints
swollen, it is rheumatism, but it is more
likely to be a spinal trouble and incur¬
able. It is inherited from the breeding
stock. I should buy eggs from some
breeder whose birds did not show this
trouble, and send all my eggs to market.
I bought a beautiful cock bird and
mated him with eight hens in pen No. 3.
He was a strong, vigorous looking bird,
broad backed, stout legs, very white, and
I was proud of him. One day the cock
in pen No. 2 dodged past me as I was
feeding them and rushed for No. 3, and
before I could catch him they had gone
around the pen three or four times. I
threw No. 2 back in his own pen and
he was as strong and full of fight as
ever. The other, the beautiful bird, was
not able to stand on his feet, and when
he did get up tottered around like a
drunken man. He had no stamina; the
stock had been bred in too long. My
bird, smaller in size, could have whipped
a dozen of the other. This fighting in¬
stinct is nature’s sure way of keeping up
the stock. There would have been no
indication to me that No. 3 was not tit
to breed from had it not been for that
accidental fight. Leg weakness is quite
frequently seen in rapid growing young
stock, and feeding bone meal helps to
overcome it, and might to C. L. N. s
birds. The feeding is all right, but I
should add to the dry mash about one-
tenth bone meal. Charcoal should be
fed, too; it is a very efficient agent in
cleansing the intestines.
GEO. A. COSGROVE.
Some Maine Hens.
On page 472 vou say “Sail in and make
the hens look like 30 cents.” Here is the
record for 17 Barred Plymouth Rock hens
and their progeny to date: On hand Jan¬
uary 1, 1910, 17 three-year-old hens, one
cock ; four hens killed by dog in March,
1910 The 13 raised 84 chickens, 4J pul¬
lets, 35 cockerels; 21 of these were from
52 eggs bought.
Eggs from old hens to Nov. 1.827.04
Eggs from pullets to Dec. 31. 21.47
Dressed chickens sold and
used .
Hens and cockerels sold.... 16-52
47 pullets at $1-25 . 08.^0
One cockerel . $141.52
Eggs bought for hatching.. 80.85
Grain ‘and feed, one year... 08. JO
Four hens killed . . . 4.00
13 pullets to replace hens... 13-00 ?5
854.77
Here is the record of the 47 pullets to
date inclusive: Eight of these were
hatched April 1, 22 from April 20 to May
2- 17 from May 18 to June 0. 1 he eight
began laying August 27 and laid 204 eggs
to January 1, and part of them moulted
during that time. The 22 began October
1 and laid 280 eggs. The 1< began Decem¬
ber 1 and laid 100 eggs, both to January
1 The 47 laid in January 4o8, February
445, March 079 and 38 of them laid 218
from April 1 to 8 inclusive. These pullets
were raised in movable colony wire coops,
12x0x3 feet ; were kept in them till No-
vember 1, and then moved into the hen-
house where the windows have been kept
open except in extremely cold weather. I
have never had a sick bird and the only
ones to die are two killed for egg eating
. and they dressed six pounds each.
Eggs laid from January 1 to March
1, 1910, 1315-6 dozen at 3oc . $46.12
Grain and feed three months . 21.40
For feed they have been given
morning one quart of oats and two of
cracked corn, shaken into a litter ot oat
straw. That is all the whole grain they
have had for the day. A dry mash made
from the formula of the Maine Experiment
Station (with the linseed oil meal left out)
has been kept before them all the time.
Sour milk and table scraps every two or
three days; sprouted oats every day; grit,
oyster shells and fresh water all the time.
Maine State Experiment Station formula :
200 pounds wheat bran; 100 pounds In¬
dian meal; 100 pounds gluten; 100 pounds
middlings, 100 pounds beef scraps; 100
pounds linseed meal. This lasts me for 4 i
pullets and two cocks just two months.
Maine. william dickey.
Leghorns, Reds and Light Brahmas.
I have 90 White Leghorns. 30 R. I. Reds,
and 13 Light Brahmas, with four pullets
too young to lay and seven roosters, mak¬
ing 144. I feed the following: In the
morning 10 quarts of potatoes boiled and
mashed with wheat bran, strictly coarse
wheat bran, and two quarts of lialf-and- ,
half oats and corn chop, thoroughly mixed
in the potatoes while boiling hot. this mash
is always made the day before and stands
over night. At noon 1 feed five pounds of
whole wheat and at night 15 pounds of
shelled corn. They have a feed of cooked
horse meat or ground bone twice a week,
and grit before" them all the time. The
Leghorns have a runway of two rods by
15 rods and the Reds the same, the Brah¬
mas have free range ; three of the L. B.
are old hens, the rest pullets hatched in
April and May ; the Reds, six old hens
and 24 pullets hatched in April, May and
June; the Leghorns, 25 old hens and 65
pullets, hatched in April and May. The
Leghorns and Reds have hardly been out¬
side their yards since September, and had
scarcely any green feed. They have deep
straw litter, have an open front house 12
feet by 40 feet, with corrugated iron roof,
a strip of two by four inch wire mesh, four
feet wide the entire length of thy front,
facing south with outside drop curtain ;
front is six feet, back four feet high, sin¬
gle board sides and wire partition. Their
record from March 15 to 31 inclusive is as
follows : White Leghorns, 874 ; R. I. Reds,
261 ; Light Brahmas, 128, making 1,263
eggs for the 15 days.
Ohio. NELLIE L. HAMMOND.
Profitable Farm Flocks.
As you wanted to know the net profit on
a farm from lions, I inclose a statement for
the first three months for this year : I
have 88 hens and three roosters. January
31, 43 dozen, total 1,290, feed $9.40, net
$3.50; February 28. 66 dozen, total l;478,
feed $11.05, net $3.73; March 31. 103 6-12
dozen, total 1.978, feed $8.46, net $11.32;
net gain $18.55.
No count on credit is given for broken
or eggs used in the house. I feed wheat
in hopper, cracked corn at night and a
mash at noon. Feed is still too high for
good profit. I can get oatmeal from Chi¬
cago for less per 100 pounds than wheat
screenings here. Eggs have dropped to
15 cents per dozen, and it does not look
as they are going to stop there, d. ii. h.
Wisconsin. _
Having read the account by R. C. Free¬
man about his chickens I herewith give you
the following facts : We have 16 White
Rose Comb Leghorns and one cock raised
from eggs from our own stock last Spring.
We kept a record of the eggs laid since
January 1, 1911 and here it is: January,
254 eggs : February. 234 : March. 349 ;
April. 9 days, 99. Our chicken house un¬
fortunately faces north and certainly is a
cold spot in the Winter months. Long
Island Sound to the north and Flushing
Bay to the south. While we try to give
them good care I am free to confess Mr.
Freeman’s chickens get much better atten¬
tion. I would say we keep chickens in ad¬
dition to having a supply of fresh eggs
for our table for the pleasure it affords us.
New York. w. F. b.
SAVE HALF Your
Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT — proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange.”
Made in all colors, — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE.
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
Tells all about Paint and Painting for Durability.
How to avoid trouble and expense caused by paintg
fading, chalking and peeling. Valuable information
free to you. with Sample Color Cards. Write me. DC
IT NOW. I can save you money.
0. W. Inqersoll, 24B Plymouth St., Brooklyn, N.V.
BULLETIN 33
Containing the complete farm uses of Avenarius
Oarbolineum will be mailed free Upon request.
Country Gentleman says: “ Every reader should
have it.” The entire agricultural press endorses
its use, as does the United States- Department of
Agriculture.
OARBOLINEUM WOOD PRESERVING CO.
181 Franklin St., New York. N.Y.
Positively Cured
By Using .....
Calf Scours
OREL OLL
No Failures Guaranteed
Also the only known remedy for
WHITE DIARRHOEA in poultry.
Caledonia Chemical Co., Caledonia, N. Y.
SCAB— Cured
CHOLERA— Prevented
BY THE USE OF
MINOR’S FLUID
SHEEP AND HOG
D I P
Kills ticks, lice, etc.
Cures mange, scurvy
The W. E. Minor Disinfectant Co.
1518 Columbus Rd. Cleveland, O
Kills All Ticks
ONE DIPPING
— >64 years experience prove truth of this
statement. Every tick and nit absolutely
destroyed if you use
Cooper Dip
The only dip that kills ALL ticks In ONE dipping —
Cooper's is surescab destroyer. Increases growth
and improves quality of wool . Perfect skin tonic.
Results considered ischeapestdip on market. Used
on 800 million sheep annually. Handsome Calen¬
dar and booklet free if you mention this paper.
Prices: 85 gal. pkt. 50c 100 gai. pkt. $1.75
Ask your druggist or write
SCHIEFFELIN & CO.
l170 Williams Street New York City .
THE BOSS CREAM RAISER
will raise the cream
between milkings and
give you sweet skim
milk for house and
stock. lee not necessa¬
ry , cold well or spring
water will do the
work. No skimming,
noerocksand pans to
handle. TEN DAYS
FREE TRIAL. Price
$3.25 and up. 50.000
of these machines in use today. Send for Free Catalog.
BLUFFTON CREAM SEPARATOR CO. BOX M, BLUFFTON. 0.
rwm
The Weather Breaks
Down More Wagons Than Weight Does
Rain soaks in around the spokes: it freezes
and expands with a force iron can’t hold. Water-
soaked joints rot: cracks widen and deepen.
Good paint, made of
ii
Dutch Boy Painter”
White Lead
and pure linseed oil, makes wagonsweather proof.
It gets into every pore and seam, it sticks
and wears as no other paint does.
Keep your wagons painted with pure white
lead and cut out repair bills and cost of new
wagons.
You will find all panting questions answered
in our “Helps No. 1708 which we will gladly
send upon request.
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
New York Cleveland Chicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
I John T. Lewis A Bros. Co.
Philadelphia
‘ National Ixad and Oil Co.
Pittsburgh
MacKellar’s Charcoal
For Poultry is best. Coarse ■ or fine granulated, also
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers of
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844
II. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y
Eleven First Frizes
At leading Poultry Shows, Indian Runner Ducks and
Rouen Ducks. Madison Square Garden Winners our Rose-
emnb Black Minorcas won Silver Cup at Paterson, and
Barred Plymouth Rocks. All eggs $2.00 per 15. $3.50 pei-30,
$8 per-100. Also pure bred Angora Goats and Collie Dogs,
$10 and up. CLARK FARM, BOONTON, N. J.
S, C, W, LEGHORN
Breeding Hens at lowptice to make room. Also
promising Cockerels cheap in quantities. Also R 1.
Reds. Eggs for hatching St. Moritz Farm, Ramsey, N.J.
CINE QUALITY ORPINGTONS, black and white. Owens’
■ and Cook’s strains. $2 and $3 per sitting. $10
per 100. REV. J. D. GRAHAM Lyonsvi lie. Mass.
Indian Runner Ducks, S, C. White Leghorns
Eggs for Hatching. Send for Circular.
F. J. FULLER, Waterport, Orleans County, New York
WILD AND BRONZE TDRKEY EGGS-Chicken Eggs. Hand-
*» - some Catalog 2 ct-
stamp, showing pure wild gobbler from the moun¬
tain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM, Belleville, Pa.
'THOROUGH-BRED POULTRY— Best twenty varieties.
A Good stock. Eggs. 15, $1; 40, $2. Catalogue.
II. K. MOHR, Ouakertown, Pa., Route 3.
Golden & Silver Laced Wyandottes 15^fs-
Best egg strain. Swart Mercantile Co.. Margaretvilie, N.Y,
Pfllll TRYMPM~Send 10 cents for our fine 60-
I U U L 1 Tl 1 III Lll page Illustrated Catalogue.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS. Marietta, Pa.
WYOKOFF-BLANCHARD strains Single-Comb
White Leghorns, $1.25 setting. Heavy laying
Rose-Comb Black Minorcas, $1.50 setting. Circular.
HIGH RIDGE POULTRY FARM, Laurel. Md.
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS ! ^,ae
dottes, Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.50, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas. $2.00, 15. Cat¬
alog gratis. F. M. PRESCOTT, Riverdale, N. J.
IA/HITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Thqr-
»w ouglibred, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
of large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white: $2.00 for 15; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu¬
bator eggs. Cherry Hill Farms, Pittstown. N.J.
Barred Plymouth Rock 2KX,n ftSE
raised birds. Great laying strain. $1.25 per 15;
$4.50 per 100. CHAS. T. DOWNING, West Chester, Pa.
SPECIAL OFFER— White Rock Eggs. $1 15: $5 ft 100.
Partridge Cochin Eggs. $1.25 15: $6.00 it 100.
Partridge Wyandotte Eggs. $1.00 ft 15; $5.00 ^ 100.
Barred Rock Eggs. $1.25 ft 15; $7.00 ^ 100.
Fresh eggs from good stock, free range and healthy.
Circular prices hold on your choice of matings.
MINCII BROS., R-Si, Bridgeton, N. J.
Oft KGGS $1.00 — Leading varieties. 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
ZU try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
1JABY CHICKS — Single Comb White Leghorns,
, Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds, 7c and 9c each.
Strong and livable. From vigorous free range stock,
bred for utility and standard qualities. Safe delivery
guaranteed. WESLEY GRINNELL, Sodus, N. Y.
UPRIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE WINNERS-Eggs, $4.51
11 for 100. Baby Chix, $12.50 for 100; $7.00 for 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, Stanfordville, N. Yr.
EGGS
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUT H ROCKS,
S. C. BLACK ORPINGTONS.
from high record W. P. Rock Hens, $2
for 15, $5 for 45. Incubator eggs $6 per
100. A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
EGGS — $1 pur 15, $2 per *10 of Thor. Brahma?. Rocks, Wyan¬
dottes, Reds, MJ no reus, Houduns, Leghorns, Hani burgs: 19 var.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Coopers burg, Pa.
WHITE WYANDOTTES EXCLUSIVELY
Free range, extra good winter laying strain, $1.00 per
15 eggs; $5.00 per 100. F. CYRUS TWINING, Pinevilie, Pa.
THE FARMER’S FOWL— R ose Comb J?.eds, best winter
I layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. THOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
Farmers and Poultrymen.
You must not blame us if occasionally our en¬
thusiasm bubbles over when speaking of our cus¬
tom hatching department as carried on by our
experts in our mammoth hot water incubator.
Results are showing people all over the country
that wo know our business by saving them time,
worry and money, and giving them stronger chicks
than the old hen or kerosene oil fume incubators
ever did. You send us the eggs— we’ll do the rest-
do it right and send you the chicks. Write for in¬
formation and prices, anyway.
MAPLE GLEN POULTRY FARM, Millerton, N. Y.
HATCHING EGGS
Haif Price After May 1st.
S.-C. White Leghorns.
One Setting. 15 eggs $1.00
Two Settings, 30 eggs. . 1.75
One hundred eggs . 4.00
One thousand eggs . 35.00
White Plymouth Rocks
& S. O. Black Orpingtons
1 Setting, 15 eggs,$l .25 &$2.50
100 eggs... . $7.00 & $14.00
Fertility Guaranteed.
RICHLAND FARMS,
BABY CHICKS.
100 or less, each. ...15c
500 or more, each 12J^c
White Plymouth
Rocks & S. C. Black
Orpingtons.
100 or less, each.. ..25c
We guarantee safe
arrival of chicks in
first-class condition.
Frederick, Md .
ARE BETTER
t h a n ever.
Eggs from our
Bonnie Brae White Leg
horns and Pekin Ducks sfHHi
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and Rose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now booked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. 10,000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
LAKEHILL FARM
YV. H. T’HACHER.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Lucks. Cockerels and Lucks of
both sexes for sale in' any quantity from up.
Chicks. $)5:per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for specia! prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery ol batching eggs and day old chicks
and du'ck'lings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CARL W. LLOYD, Mgr.,
Hillside. Westchester County. N. Y.
Buff, Wh. Leoliorns, Mottled Anconas, S. C. R.I. Red.
Eggs, 00c. per 15, $1.50 per 30. $2.75 per GO, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LFSHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers: trios.
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C. H. ZIMMER, YVeedsport, N. Y.
BIRDS OF QUALITY, Bred to lay: S. C. W. Leghorn
Hatching Eggs, $6 per 100; Chicks, $12 per 100.
S. C. R. I Red Eggs, $8 per 100; Chicks, $15 per 100.
THE WINONA FARMS . Drawer 272 . LANSDALE, PA.
Pill | CTC-S. C. W. LEGHORNS— Booking orders
■ ULLL I O future delivery. Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds for prompt shipment. Limited
number choice breeders. Lakewood and Youngs
Strains. SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N.J.
BUFF ORPINGTON DUCKS SSs
B. O. Ducks, the world greatest layers; have twice
won Australian laying contests. Mjr ducks have
three years unbeaten show record. List furnished.
9UNROBIN FARM, Chatlismi, New Jersey
The Big White Egg Makers
Rose Comb Black Minorcas, Indian Runner Ducks.
The Big White Birds
Crystal White Orpingtons — Utilities, Beauties.
Year round layers. Eggs for hatching. Circular
free. F. N. ADAMS, Route 1, Orwell, Ohio.
DAVIS S. C. REDS
200 EGG STRAIN Prices reduced after May I
EGGS Utility, $5.00 per 100: $1.00 per 13,
• ’ ' - Special Matings, $1.50 per 13; $8.00 per 100.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator Chicks, $15.00 per 100
DAVIS POULTRY FA ItM, Berlin, Mass.
Rhode
Beds —
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock-
utility, show, or export. SINCLAIR SMITH, 002
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 Utility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50'S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. K. VAN ALSTYNE, Kinderhook, N.Y.
KEAN’S WHITE WYANDOTTES
Bred for large size, heavy laying and fancy pur¬
poses. Eggs, $1.00 per setting; $5.00 per 100, for re¬
mainder of season. Address
E. FRANKLIN KEAN .... Stanley, N. Y.
nni|| TRY-35 Kes*; Breeds— Bred for
■ UUL I H I Laying — Choice eggs for hatch¬
ing. Large circular illustrated in colors free. Also
a IflW fine O. I. C. Pigs for sale. Address
JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Virginia.
S. G. White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
yearlings and 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCREST
POULTRY FARM, Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
EGGS AND STOCK from Thoroughbreds — White Orping¬
tons, Buff Orpingtons, White Wyandottes and Buff
Wyandottes, White Rocks and Barred Rocks, Ithodo
Island Reds, Black Minorcas. 91. T. MOOKF., Sjraonsc, N. V.
BABY CHICKS, 10c. EACH
From free-range selected S.C.WhiteLeghornsin any
quantity; safe arrival guaranteed, Circulats free.
Chis.R. Stone, Baby Chick. Farm, Staatsburg-on-Hudson,N.Y.
Buff, white and black orpington eggs for
hatching. Best American and English strains — Cook,
Sunswiek, Owen Farm, Kellerstrnss, $5.00 for thirteen
eggs. I. B. CLARKE, R. F. D., Hempstead, N. Y.
SP WHITE LEGHORNS, Barred Plymouth Rocks,
• U ■ n Mammoth White Pekin Ducks, Stock
hatching eggs, chicks, ducklings. Circular. Est.UHM
Abovo Poultry Farm. Chatham, Morris Co. N. J.
S. C. W, LEGHORN EGGS FOR HATCHING
15 for $1.50, $7.00 per 100. Baby Chicks, 15c. each.
Pens headed by choice cockerels direct from D. W.
Young. E. M. YOUNG, Edenville, N. Y.
WHSTE WYANDOTTESif;;rS«
me for 12 years. Large, fine birds, splendid layers.
Have been winning for 5 years. Egos, high fertility,
100, $5.00. Sitting, $1.00. WILLIAM 0. BURR, Fairfield, Conn.
Eggs For Hatching-!'.',,,;;;,
$1.00
Yr.
RC. B. MINORCAS; great layers; eggs.
* for 15. GEO. BOWDIoH, Esperanee, N.
Hunn Lake Poultry Farm ^ffikJ. sH perwo1;
SVliiteWyandotte Chicks, $12 per 100. Eggs, taper 100.
r n ft q— barked Plymouth rocks-
LUOU Mammoth Bronze Turkeys, Pearl
Guineas and Indian Runner Ducks.
Writofor free price list. C.A0ELL KAYNER.West Falls, N.Y.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
G&7
IS THERE ANY DOUBT IN YOUR MIND as
to which cream separator will give you the most
satisfactory service and be the most economical
for you to buy ?
Here is a proposition that should interest you.
Ask our nearest agent to bring a DE LAVAL out
to your house and set it up for you. (If you don’t
know the DE LAVAL agent drop us a line and we
will give you his name and address.) Try out any
other separator you wish alongside of it. Give them
both a fair, honest trial. Then buy the machine that
M X L K.
The New York Exchange price is $1.41
per 40-quart can, netting 2% cents per
quart to shippers in 26-cent zone who have
no additional station charges.
DRIED MILK AS A “STARTER.”
A bulletin (No. 123) from the South
Dakota Station shows that dried or
powdered milk may be used as a
“starter” in butter making. As all but¬
ter makers know, a “starter” is used to
start ferments in the cream to fit it for
churning. Usually a quantity of skim-
milk is used for this purpose. In the
Western States the plan of using hand
separators on the farm and sending only
the cream to the butter factory is largely
followed. Thus the skim-milk is kept on
the farm and is not available for use as
“starters.” This led to a trial of dried
milk mixed with water. The method of
drying or powdering milk is given as fol¬
lows :
Fresh whole milk is drawn into a vacuum
pan and a portion of its water removed.
This condensation is halted while the milk
is still in a fluid condition and before
any of ‘the milk albumen has been cooked
on to the walls of the vacuum chamber.
The milk is then drawn from the vacuum
pan and sprayed into a current of hot air.
The moisture in the milk is instantly ab¬
sorbed by the air and the particles of milk
solids fall like snow. Upon examination,
they are found to contain less than two per
cent, and sometimes not more than one-
half of one per cent of moisture. The
hotter the air is the more rapid the drying
effect and the less danger there is of in¬
juring the milk solids by heat.
This makes a dry milk with no bac¬
terial action. It is largely used as a milk
substitute. When the United States fleet
sailed around the continent it carried a
ton of this milk. When used as a
“starter” the dry milk is put into pure
warm water and vigorously stirred. It
then becomes a white liquid much like
milk and is used like any other starter.
It costs 16 cents a pound. Threee ounces
are used to one quart of water, which
makes the cost 11 cents a gallon. Tests
are made to measure the growth of the
bacteria in these dried milk starters and
also to show the quality of the butter
made from them. The results were en¬
tirely favorable to the dried milk — the
only real objection being the cost.
THE MASSACHUSETTS MILK SITUATION.
The milk contractors of Boston were as
good as their word, and cut the price down
as they had threatened on April 1, paying
to producers who ship over Boston & Al¬
bany R. R. 28 cents, with a deduction of
two cents for extra cost of freight car¬
riage under Saunders act. From this also
is taken two or three cents according to
distance from station for carrying to same,
thus netting the producer at the farm 23 or
24 cents per 8% quart can, or less than
three cents a quart. They have also sent
out notice they will pay the same for May.
They are and have been right along trying
for all they are worth to get the Saunders
act repealed. While this act has done most
of us no good, but has cost us two cents on
every can we send, yet the contractors are
so anxious to save us this two cents by
repealing this act, according to the way
they put it, that we are very sure they
really want to benefit themselves while
making us think their object is to help us.
The final hearing on the milk rates comes
up May 15 for final settlement, and the
result is in doubt, as sentiment is evenly
divided on the matter. Mayor Fitzgerald,
of Boston, will cause a hearing to be held
in the near future in regard to the milk
trust, claiming that the contractors are dis¬
couraging production in Massachusetts and
selling instead of fresh milk (which they
should if possible and we know it is possible
in most cases) milk which is from two to
four days old in the effort to make it
cheaper to the consumer. Now this is a po¬
litical move, possibly on the mayor’s part
to boost his chance for the Governor’s
chan1, yet he many times gets results, and
may in this case really heln the Massa¬
chusetts farmers a great deal. We cer¬
tainly need help, and that badly, as the
producers of this State are badly discour¬
aged at the present outlook. The Boston
Elevated R. R. Co. has been turned down
on the freight-carrying question, thus cut¬
ting off at present any hope of putting
milk into the city by electric car. Milk
shipments are decreasing rapidly in this
section, with some farmers selling out or
changing to other kinds of farming. Next
Fall, if there is any demand for milk, the
supply will be short in the nearby sections,
as local markets will demand more milk at
that time. The contractors made a contract
about March 1 for the months of February,
March and April, and then about April 1,
just 30 days after making, broke this same
contract in regard to price, cutting down
about seven cents per can. The Farmers'
Union refused to accept the cut, but did not
strike, as it would do no good under pres¬
ent conditions, as milk can be brought from
Canada as cheaply in regard to cost of
transportation as it can be sent from this
section, only about 30 miles from the city
After this experience and others also wo
have had with the contractors we certainly
should be excused if we have no faith in
their words and promises. By the Mellen
interests securing partial control of the
B. & A. R. R.. which will be onerative July
1, things may improve, and by that time
the rate question should be settled, so we
may know where we stand, and have some
idea what future prospects may hold in
store for us. The Consumers’ League is
working to get the board of health in full
control of milk inspection and production,
and if they succeed will kill the whole
business for the producer, and put ndlk
where the poor people of the city cannot
touch it at all. There is such a thing as
riding a hobby to death, and these people
are doing so. e. p.
Hopkinton. Mass.
MILK AND THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
Section 53 of the Sanitary Code of the
Board of Health of the Department of
Health of the City of New York, defines
adulterated milk, among other definitions, as
‘■Milk, the temperature of which is higher
than 50 degrees Fahrenheit, or which con¬
tains an excessive number of bacteria.”
It has been the practice for some time
to take samples of milk from various points
for examination as to its bacterial content.
These samples are being taken as the milk
is received at the various receiving stations
or creameries in the country; as it is being
shipped from the creamery to the city ; as
it is received at the receiving platform or
station in the city, and at various points
during the process of distribution ; that is,
upon wagons, at city depots and at stores.
While no definite standard has been estab¬
lished fixing the minimum number of bac¬
teria to be allowed in milk for sale, it is
considered that anv number in excess of
1,000,000 per cubic centimeter is excessive,
and efforts are being made to prevent "the
sale of milk containing a number in excess
of this amount. Milk which is delivered by
the farmer to the receiving station, or
creamery should contain less than 100,000
bacteria per c.c., and if the proper condi¬
tions of cleanliness and cooling are ob¬
served, the number of bacteria in the milk
will be consideraby below this amount.
Dealers who are found to be receiving milk
which contains in excess of 100,000 bacteria
per c. c. at the creamery are warned that
unless efforts are made to improve the con¬
ditions as to cleanliness and cooling it may
become necessary to exclude the milk from
shipments to New York City.
EUGENE W. SCHEFFER.
Soy Bean Milk.
Perhaps three years ago you asked your
readers for directions on how the Japanese
make ‘‘Soy beau milk.” An old friend of
mine, a Japanese agricultural college stu¬
dent, has just written me how: ‘‘1. Soak
the beans in water over night. 2. Grind
In a stone mill with fine teeth, adding
water little by little, so that ground
beans and water make a kind of thick,
milky appearance and run smoothly from
the mill. 3. Then boil it for a little while
and strain it through cheese cloth. This is
what they call the bean milk. I used to
drink with sugar. Further, they used ren¬
net to coagulate it, and cut it in square
and triangular shape, and eat it by boiling
or frying it. They are mighty good, too.”
Oakham, Mass. r. m.
Skims the cleanest,
Is easiest to wash.
Turns the easiest,
Is best constructed
If there is any doubt in your mind when you make
this test as to the comparative skimming of the two
machines, take a sample
of skim-milk from each
separator and send it to
your State Experiment
Station. They will tell
you which sample con¬
tains the most butter-fat.
We sell thousands
and thousands of cream
separators every year
upon just such tests.
We don’t hesitate to
ask you to make such a
test because we know
the DE LAVAL will
skim cleaner and give
you better service than
any other machine on
the market. That’s why
we are perfectly willing
to let you try it out alongside of any “would-be”
competitive machine ever built. Our willingness to
have you make such a test should mean more to you
than volumes of .printed claims.
Give your cows a square deal. Be fair to yourself.
If there is any one farm machine that should be of the
very best possible construction it is the cream separa¬
tor. It is used oftener than any piece of farm machin¬
ery — 730 times a year — and the very best machine that
you can buy will be far the cheapest in the end. You
have always heard the DE LAVAL spoken of as a
high-grade machine. All DE LAVAL users are DE
LAVAL “boosters,” because it always “makes good.”
We have agents in almost every locality who will
be glad to set the machine up for you and give you a
free trial, and we have an arrangement with our
agents whereby a purchaser, if he desires, may make a
partial payment at time of purchase, and pay the bal¬
ance on easy terms covering a period of twelve months.
If you are interested in the purchase of a cream
separator, be sure to write for our new catalog which
illustrates and describes in detail the features which
have made the DE LAVAL the universal favorite
among dairymen all ove.r the world.
In writing please address your inquiry to nearest De Laval office.
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
165-167 Broadway
NEW YORK
29 E. Madison Street
CHICAGO
Drumm k Sat ham knto Sts.
SAN FRANCISCO
1016 Western Avenue
SEATTLE
6e«
THK RURAL, NEW-YORKEH
May 13,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
During April we received 59 doubtful
accounts for collection from subscribers,
amounting to $2,063.19. We collected or
settled 46 accounts amounting to $1,-
256.79. There were 135 inquiries for
ratings. If The R. N.-Y. ever accepted
any commission for collecting such
claims we suggest that such subscriber
write the facts to E. G. Lewis, St. Louis,
Mo. We think he would like to have
the information, and from other experi¬
ence we judge he might be willing to
pay for it. We do not hear of anything
else that he does pay for.
There are two or three “skyrocket” pub¬
lishers of agricultural papers, with an out¬
rageously inflated capitalization, working
farmers to take stock in their enterprises.
We deem it our duty to say to our sub¬
scribers that they will surely be very sorry
if they are misled into any of these in¬
vestments. No standard, reliable publica¬
tions are resorting to such nefarious meth¬
ods to maintain their business.
OHIO FARMER,
Wc are glad to see the editors of
standard farm papers tolling the truth
about inflated investment schemes.
Do you know, anything about the World
Home ’.Supply Co., of New York t'ity, said
to be organized by one W. II. Shrader?
New York. reader.
No, we don’t. They do not seem
anxious that we should, as they give no
street address on the printed matter that
reaches us. They seem to want you to
send them $10 for the privilege of send¬
ing them orders and money. For your
information we would say that some
real good houses of this city would be
glad to have your money for orders of
goods without the formality of a $10
introduction. All the houses that we
have previously known to sell member¬
ship certificates in purchasing schemes
have been pure and unadulterated fakes.
A young man and a woman called here
to-da.v and said they were sent by “the col¬
lege to take a census of the eye,” and there
would be no charge, but ended up by try¬
ing to sell a pair of glasses for $4. I ques¬
tioned him rather more than he liked, and
he loft. When I asked him the name of the
college he said the “Spencer Optical Col¬
lege', 401 Tenth Aye.. New York City.” I
should like to have you tell me if there is
any such place, and what you think of the
gentleman? This man gave the name of
•T. Wudruff. I have written to “the col¬
lege.” H. E.
Connecticut.
We know no such college at this ad¬
dress. The Spencer Optical Co. is lo¬
cated in Maiden Lane, but it is an old
and responsible house, and never sends
out any agents. Fakers going through
the country often assume the name of
responsible houses slightly changed to
deceive the public. “To take census of
the eye” sounds better than “to take $4
for a probable 25-cent pair of glasses.”
I will say that it was the Publisher’s
Desk which determined me to continue my
subscription to your paper. 1 had taken
it for 10 weeks on a 10-cent trial subscrip¬
tion, and as my editorial position demands
my reading a great many other journals, I
had hesitated about continuing Tiie It.
N.-Y’., but 1 made up my mind that along
with the other many excellencies of the
paper itself, you deserve to be backed up
in your warfare against shams and fakes of
all sorts and in your efforts to have jus¬
tice done between the pool- man and the
strong interests by which he is so often
oppressed. I am glad therefore to express
m.v appreciation of the paper in general,
and particularly of this feature of it. which
appreciation I have shown already by ex¬
tending my subscription to April, 1912.
Yrirginia. r. a. e.
The above assurance came in response
to our intimation that we have at times
felt the resentment of fakers and rogues
who are attacked is more prompt than
the support of honest people who ap¬
prove. In definite specific cases we think
that is true. Give a man a special or
unlawful privilege for a time and he will
fight harder to retain it than any one
honest man is likely to fight to deprive
him of it. But after all the majority of
the people of this country are honest,
and their sympathies and influence are
always on the side of integrity and
decency.
I have never bitten on any get-rich-quick
schemes, so do not know why my name
should be on a sucker list. But I inclose a
letter and circular from E. W. Smith, man¬
ager, the Bankers’ Finance Co., Denver,
Col., received through the mail, and I find
my neighbors are getting the same thing.
New Y’ork. C. h. d.
This is the old fake scheme whereby
you get a lot free ; but you send a re¬
mittance for some purpose on the side-
in this case $5 for a deed. We don’t
know anything about this particular
place described in the circular as the
famous Ute Pass region of the Rocky
Mountain resorts. The fame has not
reached us, but we have never known
these real estate chaps to take much
pains to look one up and pay postage
on letters for the privilege of giving
something for nothing. In similar pro¬
positions that we have looked up at va¬
rious times, we found the land under
water, swamps, or barren inaccessible
lands which cost about $3 per acre — 20
to 30 cents per lot, and the title in
doubt at that. In many cases the pro¬
moter had no title to the land at all.
He secured an option and sold the lots
on the strength of the privilege to buy.
In two such cases on Long Island the
Post Office Department recently prose¬
cuted the promoters for fraud, and they
are now receiving free board at a Fed¬
eral institution.
The enclosed circular of the United States
Publishing Company was presented to me
to-day. It is being put before the farmers
as the greatest investment nut. I notice
there is not a single signature to it. and it
appears like a money- catcher to me. What
do you think of it? C. J.
Ohio.
The headquarters of this concern-to-be
are at Cincinnati, O., and it is organized
by Josiah Kirby, who styles himself
chief promoter, with offices at Cleveland,
O. The capital authorized is $10,000,
which he says will be increased to $300,-
000. He admits that he has no money
himself, and no means and no business,
but that he is going to erect a plant and
start a publishing business. Suppose a
farmer told you he had no money arid
no farm, but that he was going to buy
land and put up buildings and equip a
farm; how much stock would -you take
in his company? Yet, if such -a' farm
was stocked only for the value of farm
and equipment it would be a thousand
times better risk than the stock of such
a publishing company.
I would like you to give me advice as to
the reliability of the Western and South¬
ern Life Insurance Co., of Cincinnati, Olfu>.“
W. ,T. Williams is secretary, Frank Caldwell
president. I had my little trirl Until' in¬
sured at five years; it is going bin; two
years now that she has been insured- at- 10
cents a week. Will you let me know if, 'this
is a good investment? R. '
Maryland.
This seems to refer to industrial in¬
surance. Our advice is to drop the in¬
surance. These industrial insurance
policies are little less than legalized rob¬
bery of poor people. Only a small per¬
centage of the amount of money paid
in on these insurances has ever re¬
turned to the insured. The great ma¬
jority of them are dropped after being
carried a while, either as we are sug¬
gesting to you to do or for some other
reason later on, and then the whole
amount is lost, and even in States where
there is a little value to the premium
after a number of years’ payment, it is
so small as to amount to nothing.
Make Your Well Curbs
of Concrete
it is a small job for anyone; gives far better service than
either wood, brick or stone and costs less. There are no
' joints to collect dirt and it is absolutely vermin proof.
Plans and instructions FREE
i - -
Write us today for simple, definite building plans :
No. I— Sidewalks, No. 2— Troughs, No. 3— Porches and Steps
If you want instructions on how to build concrete floors, founda¬
tions, well curbs, posts, silos, tanks, dipping vats, cisterns or
concrete blocks or anything else, write us at once, describing
fully just what you want to build.
This service is Free. The only expense to you will be
the postage used in writing us. Address the nearest
office of the Company.
UNIVERSAL PCEMENT° COMPANY
CHICAGO PITTSBURG MINNEAPOLIS
72 West Adams St. Frick Building Security Bank Building
annual Output 10,000,000 Battels
One may jeer at the “female sucker list.”
yet regardless of the broader and wider op¬
portunity which man constantly enjoys,
coupled with business training, both theo¬
retical and practical, which is seldom made
part of the education of woman, I am cer¬
tain that, if you were to read all the corre¬
spondence which comes to me in this Lewis
case, you would be forced to acknowledge
that for lack of logic and want of good
“horse sense” man takes the cake.
Nebraska. e. a. w.
The above came in a personal letter,
but it is good enough to print. Lewis
caught the usually prudent women off
their guard, and some of them were so
helplessly mesmerized we bad to be a
little brutal in frankness to wake them
out of their trance. But the masculine
side of the family has nothing to brag
about. Last week we scratched the sur¬
face of a gold brick. A reader of 35
years standing came in with fire in his
eye and demanded an explanation. He
had bought the “brick” against his wife’s
protest, and she now had The R. N.-Y.
to confirm her judgment. It is my honest
conviction that if men took their wives’
advice on promotion schemes, faking
would not be as profitable as it now is.
But few of us are in a position to throw
stones at the “come-ons,” and none of
us is immune to the “sucker lists.” With
all my reputation of facing fakers with
a chip on my shoulder, I am oh at least
a half dozen of them, and receive the
sucker bait regularly. And more annoy¬
ing, my wife and daughter are on sev¬
eral lists at our home address. In The
R. N.-Y. office we have a dozen mature
men in important positions ; not a single
one of them hut has got caught some
time in his life with a fake of some sort
or another; and I frankly admit that
the first $1,000 I ever invested went to a
watered stock promotion, and was later
charged to experience. That is not all.
I am frequently approached yet with
hard luck stories and requests for small
temporary loans which are seldom if
ever repaid. I try to defend myself with
the argument that this is more of a
charity than an investment. So it is.
But the recipients are for the most part
petty grafters. So that after all the
members of the first female “sucker list”
are distinguished only in that they have
for the first time allowed Lewis’s allure¬
ments to overcome their natural instinct
and better judgment. j. j. d.
—99 %» % Pure—
American Ingot Iron Roofing
Guaranteed For 30 Years
Without Painting
The Only Guaranteed Metal Roofing ever put on the
market. Samples free. Write for a free book showing
remarkable tests. A way ou^ of your roof troubles.
THE AMERICAN IRON ROOFING C0„ Dept. D.ELTRIA, OHIO
Steel
Frame
GOOD
Indispensable on every farm;
saves the time and money you
would spend on a public scale, and
sures perfect accuracy al-
ways. Good for a life¬
time. Send for catalogue.
** OHROod Seal© Co.,
Box 157, Binghamton, N. Y.
WALTER A.
WOOD
I
I
|
i
i
i
All the pull
of the team
exerted on the cutter-bar of an
Admiral Mower
IS
because of its floating frame construction. This gives a
cutting-power unequalled in any other mower. It is only
one reason why you should buy an Admiral. Our
Side Delivery Rake
enables you to finish curing the hay in the windrow, and
so save time while making sweeter, better-colored hay.
This rake is made of angle steel and is strong and durable.
Send for our Diamond Jubilee Catalog
today. It explains all the exclusive features of both those machines, and will
acouaint you with a line of farm machines that is unequalled in every respect.
1911.
•iPHE RUKAb NEW-YORKER
69©
CONTENTS
Tiie Rural New-Yorker, May 13, 1011.
FARM TOPICS.
How Much Water in Slaked Lime?.... 582
Chemicals With Stable Manure . 582
What is Acid Phosphate? . 582
A “Complete” Liquid Fertilizer . 582
Spreading or Piling Manure . 582
Different Kinds of Lime . 582
Cultivation for the Sugar Cane . 582
Immigrating to New York State. Part
III . . 583
Vermin-Proof Granary . 584
Preparing Soil for Next Season . 584
Hen Manure for Corn . 584
That Southern Corn . 584
Ilairy Vetch in Puget Sound Country. . 584
A Virginia Farm . 584
Questions About Chemicals . 585
Working Up Old Meadows . 585
Grubs and Potatoes . 585
Failure with Rape . 585
Harrowing In Canada Peas . 585
Sawdust — Green and Rotted . 585
Rye for the Silo . 580
Early Soiling Crop . 580
Mussel Shell Waste . 587
How to Start Alfalfa . 587
Lime on Potatoes . 587
A Big Corn Crop . 587
Hope Farm Notes . 588
Crop Notes . 591
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
The Suffolk Horse . 581
Shall It Be Horse or Mule? . 581, 582
Mrs. Houdan, the Frost-proof Hen.... 582
A Purebred Herd of Workers . 594
Early Sheep Shearing . 594
Three Family Cows . 594
Methods of Separating Milk . 595
Garget . 595
Rheumatism or “Played Out” . 590
Some Maine Birds . 590
Leghorns, Reds and Light Brahmas. . .*. 590
Profitable Farm Flocks . 590
Milk . 597
Dried Milk as a “Starter” . 597
The Massachusetts Milk Situation . 597
Milk and the Board of Health . 597
Sov Bean Milk . 597
HORTICULTURE.
Cost of Spraying Lime-Sulphur . 583
Dahlia Treatment . 586
Shade Trees for Connecticut . 587
Mignonette . 589
Catnip and Its Culture . 589
Big Watermelons . 589
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 592
Pe Tsai Cabbage . 592
Another Cure for a Household Trial.. 592
The Rural Patterns . 593
Conservatives and Insurgents . 593
Lamb’s Kidneys . 593
MISCELLANEOUS.
Water Leaking Through Cement . 580
Editorials . ; . . 590
Other People’s Money . 591
Events of the Week . 591
Possibilities of an Agrarian Party.... 595
Publisher’s Desk . 598
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending May 5, 1911.
BUTTER
Prices are on a slightly lower basis than
last week. Quality of the fresh receipts
is running irregular, with a larger propor¬
tion of second grades.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 21 ft .22
Good to Choice . 19 @ .20
Lower Grades . 15 @ .18
Storage . 15 @ .20
State Dairy, best . 20 Cft .21
Common to Good . 14 @ .18
Factory . 14 @ .10
Packing Stock . 12 @ .15
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 22 cents.
Boston, western creamery, 22 cents.
Philadelphia, western creamery, 22 cents.
CHEESE
Market firm on the better grades of new
make ; skims dull. Old white in heavy sup¬
ply.
Full Cream, best, Fall made . 12 @ .14
Common to Good . 10 @ .11
New Made . 09 & .1036
Skims . 05 @ .10
EGGS
Receipts are large but trade for storage
active and market firm except on short¬
lived stock.
White, good to choice . 18 @ .21
Mixed Colors, best . 17 @ .18
Common to Good . 15 @ .17
Western, best . 18 & .19
Under grades . 12 @ .15
Duck eggs, dozen . 20 (ft .22
BEANS
A fair trade is noted in choice clean
white beans. Market on Red Kidneys firm.
Marrow, 100 lbs . 3.00 (ft 3.70
Medium . 3.00 (ft 3.50
Pea . 3 00 @ 3.50
Vellow Eye . 3.50 ft 3.00
Bed Kidney . 5.75 (ft 6.15
WhiteKidney . 6.00 (ft 5.10
Lima, California . 6.70 @ 6.85
HOPS
Growers are holding firmly for higher
prices.
Prime to Choice . 29 @ .30
Common to Good . 27 @ .28
Pacific Coast . 22 @ .23
German Crop, 1910 . 50 @ .53
CIDER VINEGAR
N. Y. prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22 © .24
Standard Grade . 13 @ .15
DRIED FRCITS
Some business is reported in evaporated
apples for late Fall delivery on basis of
7% cents.
Apples, evap. prime . 12 (ft 13
Evap., com. to good . 06 @ .11
Sun Dried . 06 @ .07 %
Chops . 07 (ft .0714
Cores and Skins . 07 (ft .0734
Raspberries . 28 @ .31
Cherries . 14 (ft .18
FKK8H FRUITS
Old apples scarce and showing storage
defects. Strawberries arriving from as far
north as Virginia ; market weaker.
Apples, Russet, bbl . 3.00 @ 5.00
Greening . 4.00 (ft 7.00
Baldwin . 4.00 (ft 6.00
Ben Davis . 3.60 (ft 5.50
Spy . 4.00 i: ft 7.00
W estern —
Newtown, box . 1.75 (ft 2.75
Rome, box . 2.00 (ft 2.76
Black Ben, box . 2.00 @ 2.50
Gano. box . 1.75 (ft 2.25
Strawberries. Fla., qt. . . 08 (ft .12
Other Southern . 10 (ft .16
Oranges, Flit, box . 3.25 (ft 4.50
Porto Rico . 2.50 (ft 2.75
California . 2.50 (ft 4.00
Grape Fruit, Fla. box . 2.50 @ 4.00
I’lneapples. Havana, 18s . 2.75 (ft 3.00
Porto Rico, 24s . 3.25 @ 3.50
VEGETABLES
Old potatoes held firmly at the prices
quoted. New in active demand and higher.
Asparagus plenty and market weak. Cab¬
bage again iu excessive supply and low.
Potatoes— X. V. State, ISO lbs . 1.75 @ 2.00
Maine . 1.90 ft 2.15
Southern, new, No. I. bbl . 4.50 (ft 5.00
Southern, new. No. 2, bbl . 3.00 @ 4.00
Sweet, Jersey, bkt . 1.00 @ 2.00
Asparagus. Southern, f ’ey doz . 2.50 (ft 3.60
Good to prime . 1.25 ft 2.00
Jersey, green, fancy . 3.25 (ft 4 75
Jersey, white, common to good. . . 1.75 @3.50
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 3.00
Carrots, bbl . 2.00 ft 2.60
Southern, new, 100 bunches . 2.00 ft 3.00
Cabbage — old. ton . ;.. . 3.00 ft 7.00
New, Southern, bbl . 75 ft 1.25
Chicory, bbl . 3.50 @ 4.00
Cucumbers.Fla.hu . 1.50 @2.00
Escarol. 14 bbl. bkt,. . 1.00 ft 2.00
Kale, bbl . 40 ft .65
Kohlrabi, Southern. 100 bunches . 4.00 @6 00
Lettuce. 3-6-bbl. bkt . 1.00 @ 2.00
Peppers. Southern, bu . 1.60 (ft 2.50
Horseradish. 100 lbs . 4.00 ft 7.00
Okra. Fla. Carrier . 2.00 @ 3.00
Onions, old. yellow, bag . 3.75 ft 4.50
Texas, new, crate . 1.00 ft 2.00
Bermuda, crate . 1.40 ft 1.50
Peas. Southern, bu . 1.50 (ft 3-50
Radishes, S'n H bbl. bkt . 40 ft .75
Rhubarb, 100 bunches . 1.00 ft 2.50
Salsify, 100 bunches . 4.00 @ 5.00
String Beans, bu . 1.00 @ 2.50
Spinach, bbl . 50 ft .90
Squash, bbl . 1.75 ft 2.50
Turnips, Rutabaga, bbl . 75 @ 1.25
White, bbl.. . 1.00 @1.50
Leeks, 100 bunches . 2.00 @ 2.50
Egg Plants. Fla., box . 1.25 ft 2.00
Parsnips, bbl . 1.00 @ 1.25
Parsley bbl . 2.00 ft 3.00
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 1.50 ft 3.00
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
Tomatoes scarce; mushrooms and cucumbers
very dull.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 65 ft .75
Common to good . 50 @ .60
Mushrooms, lb . 15 ft .40
Tomatoes, lb . 10 (ft .20
LIVE POULTRY
Business is active and market improved.
Chickens, Broilers, lb . 30 ft .35
Fowls . 13 ft .14
Roosters . 09 @ .0936
Ducks . 13 @ .14
Geese . 09 ft .10
Turkeys . 12 ft .13
DRESSED POULTRY— Fresh Killed
Fowls in good demand. Turkeys scarce
and poor.
Turkeys, best . 15 ft .16
Common to Good . 13 @ .14
Chickens, fancy broilers, lb . 36 (ft .45
Broilers, common to good . 25 ft .30
Fowls . 14 @ .15
Squabs, doz . 1.75 @ 4.25
DRESSED POULTRY-FROZEN
Fancy roasting chickens very firm. Other
poultry selling slowly.
Turkeys, best . 22 ft .23
Chickens, milk-fed broilers . .22 (ft .26
Corn-fed broilers . 18 ft .22
Milk-fed roasters . 17 ft .1836
Corn-fed roasters . 15 ft .16
Fowls . 12 ft .15
Ducks, best . 16 @ .16
Common to good . 13 @ .14
Geese . 07 @ .11
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Calves in good demand and slightly
higher. Lambs in large supply but of bet¬
ter quality.
Calves, good to prime . 09 @ .10
Common . 06 @ .08
Lambs, hothouse, bead . 3.00 ft 7.00
Pork, light . . 09 ft .10
Medium to heavy . 06 (ft .0816
HAY AND STRAW
Market active on higher grades of Tim¬
othy and clover. Low grades accumulating
and dull.
Bay, No. 1, ton . 25.00 ft 26.00
No. 2 . 22.00 @ 24.00
No. 3 . 18.00 ft 19.00
Clover Mixed . 15.00 ft 21 00
Clover . 12.00 ft 19.00
Straw, Rye . 9.00 (ft 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 ft 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers, 100 lbs . 5.00 @ 6.30
Bulls . 4.00 ft 6.00
Cows . 2.00 @4.25
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 5.00 @ 7.00
Culls . 4.00 (ft 4.50
Sheep, 100 lbs . 2.25 @ 4.00
Lambs . 5.50 ft 6.50
Hogs . 6.00 @ 7.00
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1, Northern Spring . 1.08 ft ...
No. 2, Red . 97 ft ...
No. 1 Macaroni . 97 @ ...
Corn, as to quality, bush . 53 ft .58
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ 39
Bye . 76 @ .80
MILL FEED
Spring Bran, ton . 26.25 ft 27.50
Standard Middlings . 27.00 (ft 28.00
Red Dog . 28.00 @ 29.00
Hominy Chop . 22.50 ft 23.00
Linseed Meal . 33.00 @ 34.00
Corn Meal . 23.00 ft 24.00
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 15.85
Middling Gulf . 15.00
New Orleans, Low Middling . 14.75
Good Middling . 15.50
WOOL
NewYork Fleeces, Delaine, unwashed., .22 ft .23
Ohio half blood combing . 26 ft .27
Kentucky, three-eighths blood . 24 ft .26
Michigan, half blood . 24 @ .25
TOBACCO.
Conn, broadlcaf-llller . 08 ft .10
Fine wrppers . 60 @ .60
N. Y. State Fillers . 05 @ .06
Fine and Selections . i2 ft .16
Ohio Zimmer's Spanish . 19 @ .20
Virginia Dark Lugs . 07 @ .0916
Dark Leaf . 10 ft .20
Bright Cutters . 12 ft .30
The
Hay Press
YOU Want
Write postal for all facts. Let us prove
''Ohio” Superiority. It’s the baler you
want because it is simple-powerful-efficient;
non-brcakablc Feeder mounted on rocker shaft.
Automatic relief spring clutch takes up all strain
in heavy charges; smooth and silent action — no
jsr — no jerks. Speed up to 35 strokes per minute.
The only Press made with Automatic Block Drop,
per— controlled by foot button — gives you free use
of both hands — prevents accident or injury to oper¬
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Capacity Practically Unlimited
Friction clutch pulley keeps the "Ohio” under perfect
control— starts and stops it quick. Get our free bock
and study the
details of these
and other val¬
uable features.
W rite postal
now.
Address,
The Ohio
Cultivator Co.
105 Ohio St.
Bellevue,
Ohio
CLOTH
FROM
THE
MILL
Best Values in Woolen and Worsted
Cloths lor Men's, Women’s, and Chil¬
dren’s Wear. IHItECT FROM THE Jill,!,
AT HILL PRICES, list. 1882. Always reli¬
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Suitings, Skirtings, Trouserings, Dress
Goods, Etc,, Wash Goods and Linings.
SAMPLES Fit EE. State garment
i Banned, color preferred. RIDGEWOOD
4ILLS, No. 674 Main St., Holyoke, Mass.
fAtOALS 6 0 A OOfV
"roA scnootA coatees b iootnC
SPECIAL OtSlCSS AA.O tSIWATtS
SUBMITTED FOR FRATERNITY JtWtlS.
rozpy. N DORRETYiS boston. mam. ua/N
When yon write advertisers mention Tiie
It. N.-Y, and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
ANSWER
This Ad and Get My Big FREE Book and Save $50
Buy direct from the biggest spreader factory in
the world— My price has made it — Savo dealer, Jobber
and catalog bouse profit. No such price as I make
on tills high grade spreader has ever been made
before in all manure spreader history. Here’s the
secret and reason : I make you a price on one based
on a 30.000 quantity and pay the freight right to
your station. You only pay for actual material,
labor and one small protlt, based on this enormous
quantity on a
GALLOWAY
Got my bran new proposition with proof— lowest
price ever made on a first class spreader, with my
agreement to pay you back your money after you
try it 12 months if it's not a paying investment.
How’s that for a proposition? If I did not have
best spreader I would not dare make such an offer.
More than 50,000 farmers have stamped their O.K.
on it.
They all tried it 30 days free just like I ask you
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New Complete Steel Gear Spreader— 70-bu. Size.
Drop me a postal, and say — “Galloway, send me
your new proposition and Big Spreader BOOK
FREE with low prices direct from your factory.”
Freight
Prepaid
Fits
Your
Own
Wagon
FULL BARREL LOTS of slightly damaged Stoneware
shipped to any address direct from Pottery at
New Brighton, IJa., for 81 : Lots are well assorted
containing crocks, jars, pans, bowls, pitchers, tea
and beanpots, a little of each. Send cash with
order; Write us. E. SWASEY & CO., Poriland, Me.
Indian Runner Ducks, 84 per pair, from 260-egg strain.
Eggs, 81.00 and 82.00 per 12. C. GORDON, Sprakers, N. Y.
S. C. Black MinorcasE»LV’SrV0c»isTHi
SWIGART, Goshen Poultry Farm. R.F.D., Fulion House, Pa.
rpHE FARMERS’ NATIONAL BANK of Union
A City, Michigan, located at Union City, in the
ot M'
igai
holders and other creditors of the association are
therefore hereby notified to present the notes and
other claims for payment. T. ,,TTT,T t T , ,
Dated April 28, 1911. u • D- BCELL, Prest.
WANTED— On private estate, a single man to take
charge of 10 Ayrshire cows, a few pigs and poultry,
$35 per month. Address P. O. .Box 32, Norfolk, C'onh.
White Egg Strain of SffigSr’IM
Indian Runner Ducks B'cSl
LARGE ENGLISH YORKSHIRES.
Last Fall Pigs from Prize Winning, Registered
Stock, for sale at reasonable prices.
CHAS. W. SWITZER - - SOUTH EUCLID, OHIO.
U/ ANTED— Intelligent youngman on la rgegreen house
»■ establishment: good character, willing worker;
splendid opportunity. R. C. PYE, Nyack-on-Hudson, N.Y.
WANTED n AIRYIAAM competent to supervise
EXPERIENCED UrtinilYIAN conversion of farm of 275
acres within two miles of the City of Cleveland into
a dairy farm and operate same. Preference given to
one able to contribute something to the business on
the basis of a favorable working interest. Address
D. & H., 1915 Garfield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.
YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
free. Grand rapids Veterinary
College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Eggs, Poultry, Meats, Produce.
Shipments solicited. JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & CO., Com
mission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York.
ni.KASE send a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
r mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter,
Eggs. Poultry, Pork, Calves. Bay, Grain. Beans,
Appies, etc. H. II. WOODWARD, 302 Uwinvleh St., N.Y.
JOHN C. QUICK CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 34 JAY STREET, NEW YORK
POULTRY FARM EGGSoUR SPECIALTY.
I Cft Farmc F 0K SALE CHEAP, ill fertile
IJU luMUo Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
ATTRACTIVE COUNTRY RESIDENCE.
suitable for a gentleman’s Summer home; also a prac¬
tical business farm; house of It rooms, broad piazza,
beautiful outlook; cottage, barn, greenhouse, poultry
house, &c., till in prime condition; 100 acres choice
land, 45 of tillage, valuable and beautiful wood lot;
select neighborhood ; % mile to steam and electric cars.
DISTINCTLY A BARGAIN.
QUICK Returns Our Motto. Established 18S5
Boston Produce Go.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St., - Boston.
L. T. IIADLEY, 840 Main St., Worcester, Muss.
FINE NEW YORK STATE FARM FOR SALE
For a quick sale'I am offering my farm at a bargain.
539 acres sevon miles from heart of Syracuse, N. Y.,
on the Utica-Syraeuse trolley lino, also the trunk
line of State road east and west through tho
county. Buildings all in best of condition, many
of them new. Price, $29,999.99. For further par¬
ticulars address;
M. CROUSE KL0CK, 200 W. Water Street, Syracuse, N. Y.
COLORADO FARM VALUES GAIN 300%
Thirty per cent every year, 300 per cent in ten
years, is the gain in value of Colorado farm lands
just reported by the United States census. In the
next ton years, witli further extension of irrigation
there will be a still groater gain. Colorado farms
often pay for themselves in two or three years, and
sometimes in one. Double crops and higli -priced
markets. Sunshine and health-restoring climate.
Thirty thousand more farmers can build substan¬
tial bank accounts while supplying the dairy, hog
and poultry products now consumed annually in
tli is State. Write us for official information.
COLORADO STATE BOARD OK IMMIGRA¬
TION, 314 State House, Denver, Colorado.
GKO. P. HAMMOND. EST. 1875. FRANK W. GODWIN
GEO. P. HAMMOND & CO.,
Commission Merchants and Dealers in all kinds of
COIJNTKY PRODUCE, Apples, Peaches, Ber
ries Butter, Eggs. Cheese, Poultry. Mushrooms
and llot-house Products a Specialty. Consignments
Solicited. 34 & 3G Little 13tli St., New York
STRAWBERRIES.
Calves, Poultry, Fancy Eggs, Hothouse Products,
Fruits, Vegetables. Top prices secured for choice
goods. Correspondence solicited.
Archdeacon & Co., 100 Murray St., N.Y.
SHIP YOUR CONSIGNMENTS
- TO -
GEO. OLIVER & COMPANY
Established 1850
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
WEST WASHINGTON MARKET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
PROMPT RETURNS
Which One Will You
Test on Your Farm
for Ninety Days ?
Freight Prepaid
Which will yon try. 30 Days’ Free or 90 Days’ Ap¬
proval Test?
— Any capacity from 200 to 950 pounds per hour,
according to your needs, and I’ll save you from $25.00
to 850.00 on the price.
— The only Separator whose gearing runs in a "Bath
of Oil” like a $5,000 automobile — Feature worth $50.00 alone.
— Automatically oils itself — Pour oil at the top.oncc a month
from your oil jug or can — No danger of running dry. or
it like others— No oil cups to remember to fill or turn up tv
— Dust-proof — Danger-proof — All gears enclosed — simple but
standard built and absolutely dependable.
rGALLOWA Y’S i
HIGH GRADE STANDARD CREAM
—Has the only revolving: supply tank— worth $15.00 alone.
— Easiest to clean and the lew parts come out easy and
can’t get back out of place.
— Easiest to run — high crank — low tank. With no high
lifting and nc “back-breaking” cranking.
Gets the finest quality cream and all of it — no lumps
or churning, as Nature’s true principle is followed without
forcing either the milk or cream the wrong way up or down.
Skims closest in any climate or season, no mattet
whether your milk is warm or cold.
— Is as handsome a machine, compact and substantial,
as you ever saw or could find. Beautiful finish.
SERA R A TORS
— Let me send you my Big New Sep¬
arator Book — post paid — Free, so you and your wife and
the boys and girls can talk it over and then try one of
my separators under my easy plan for you to do it.
You’ll call it the best if you test it alongside any of the
highest priced $85.00 and $110.00 separators sold by
anybody today — makers — catalog houses— dealers — jobbers
QM anybody else. Write me today.
Wm. Galloway, Pres.
MW. GALLOWAY COMPANY
BBS Galloway Sta.r Waterloo, la.
600
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
May 13, 1911.
Guarantee 7*7 ^
of the running gear to be made ,
. of triple A grade Straight A
Y Grained Split Hickory — the AJ
same growth exactly as AJr
yk this sp®ke which I send //
Sjr^p* unpainfed as a sample /Jr 5*
of the material used AS 191
with every Buggy //
WAj$77 I ship AjA
Get My Bor 4, See My Styles
and Compare My Prices
Then Decide
WANT to pay the
postage on my big
free book for 1911.
It’s the only salesman I
have. Every year I write
a book on buggies and this
1911 Book is the best to date.
A Greater Variety of Vehicles in
This Book Than in 10 Large
Towns or 25 Dealers 9 Stores
In it I give you the practi¬
cal facts I’ve learned as a buggy
designer and manufacturer. Don’t
buy until you know these facts. I’m
glad to give you this information about
buggies. I don’t ask you to buy of me
— unless you’re convinced. But I do
believe you need this information — this big
buggy book. Send me a postal for it today.
This book shows you by photographs a vehicle torn to pieces. Every part shown
clearly with full description — how it should be made — what it should be made of. Do
you know why it is important to have Phelps guaranteed wheels? I tell you in this 1911
book. Read about the triple A straight grained Hickory — a grade you’ll never find in a
stock buggy. I send you a sample Split Hickory Spoke (unpainted) with every buggy I
sell — and I guarantee every wheel to be made of the same straight grained second growth
shell bark Hickory as the sample. Send for the book with the 125 styles of auto seat
buggies, surreys, runabouts, phaetons, road wagons and harness. Direct factory prices —
$25 to $75 saving, according to the vehicle you buy.
Split Hickory Vehicles
30 Days Free Road Test — 2 Years Guarantee
Manufacturer of Trade-Marked
Split Hickory Vehicles
Split Hickory Vehicles are the highest
grade that’s made. I have sold over
140,000 of these made-to-order vehicles
to farmers everywhere. I want you to
know them. I want you to get my entire
proposition. I want to tell you all the im¬
portant points about a buggy. I want to tell
you how and why I use the Triple A grade wheels
on every Split Hickory Vehicle I make; why I send
a sample unpainted spoke with each buggy sold, guar¬
anteeing the same material in the wheels, running gear,
etc., in your vehicle.
Wonft you let me mail you this catalogue? It’s the biggest display room
of vehicles in the world. It gives you a chance to get just the
vehicle you want — when you want it — at rock-bottom factory
prices. Don’t choose from the four or five buggies the
dealer happens to have on hand — satisfy your own prefer¬
ences in style, finish, upholstering, etc. And don’t
pay the extra dealer’s profit. Send for the Big
Display Book of Buggy Styles. You need it as a
reference. Phelps wants to mail it to you FREE.
A postal brings it. Send that postal. Address
H. C. Phelps, President
The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co.
The Largest Baggy Factory in the World Selling Direct to Consumer
Station 290 Columbus, Ohio.
You
May Give
This Auto
SeatBuggy
a 30- Day
Free Road
Test
MAPES THE HEN MAN COMES BACK WITH
A NEW HEN STORY.
On June 10, 1910, you published an article by Mr.
Mapes ; also gave illustration of brooding house. What
success did Mr. Mapes have in brooding such a large num¬
ber of chicks in one house? I have been waiting patiently
for him to say something. I should think he would have
plenty of trouble at feeding time. Please see if you can
waken him. w. h. c.
Pocomoke, Md.
I can report that while my open-end house is a
decided success as a home for laying hens, it is still
they were three weeks old, and then trouble began.
They began dying at the rate of six to 10 a day,
having all the symptoms of my old epidemic which I
have called white diarrheea. This was soon after the
picture was taken _that was reproduced in The R.
N.-Y. This ran along for four or five weeks, after
which the survivors did nearly as well as the other
flock. There were 220 pullets left from this flock at
the close of the season. By arrangement with Prof.
Rice a number of the dead specimens were sent to
Cornell, packed in ice, where a careful examination
temperature of 90 to 100 degrees Fall, as mine did.
I was fortunate enough to escape a conflagration, but
had some frights from smoke. I have since experi¬
mented with both gasoline and denatured alcohol with
poor satisfaction. On account of a press of other
work last season I did not get ready to try that
experiment of 1,000 all in one flock. I have four
incubators running at this writing, with a new house,
24x36 feet, about ready for the hatch, be it 1,000 more
or less. The brooding compartment in this house is
12x22 feet, and it will be warmed with hot water
HENS BUSY IN HOUSE BUILT FROM PROCEEDS FROM TWO HUNDRED HENS-FORTY DAYS. Fig. 203.
INTERIOR OF THE FORTY-DAY HOUSE-WARMING CURTAIN IN PLACE. Fig. 204.
in the experimental stage as a mammoth brooder. My
first hatch of 605 chicks got through in good shape
without any appearance of the old epidemic which
I Have called white diarrhoea for want of any other
name. They were thrifty throughout the season, and
I had no trouble with crowding at feeding time, or, in
fact, at any time. The cockerels were removed as fast
as they got heavy enough for squab broilers, without
keeping count of them. Of this lot 260 pullets lived,
and 200 of them were left in the House in order to see
if they would “make good.” They have never known
any other home since leaving the incubator.
The other lot of 650 chicks did equally as well until
was made by the Department of Pathology and Bac¬
teriology, with special reference to the germs of
coccidiosis and baccillary white diarrheea. Dr. Jones
reported that they could find no germs of either dis¬
ease or of any other known disease. It is certain,
however, that the flock was thrifty for the first three
weeks, that about 200 of them were then diseased
enough to die, and that for the remainder of the sea¬
son there were practically no deaths. My present
private belief is that the disease is something akin to
epidemic roup in older birds.
Kerosene is not an ideal source of heat for a
brooder, particularly when the fount must sit in a
from a coal fire. I expect this will eliminate the
danger from both fire and bad air.
Are the 200 hens left in the 40-day house “making
good” ?
It will be remembered that this first house was
built with the proceeds of the sale of eggs laid by 200
hens, at market rates, in 40 days, hence the name of
a 40-day house. It is reproduced at Fig. 208. The
heating apparatus was removed from the brooding
compartment in the rear end of the house as soon as
chicks were old enough to get along without artificial
heat, and perches installed as shown in Fig. 203, which
is an interior view of the house taken during the day,
002
when the hens were attending to business, as will be
seen by the crowded condition of the nests, and the
group of hens eating dry mash from the big hopper.
On page 307 W. J. Dougan says that “if anyone
can build cheaper ($1 per hen) for a good house, they
can beat me.” This house cost $80 (without the
brooding compartment) and houses 200 hens, with
about three feet of floor space per hen. I am almost
afraid to tell the truth about it in The R. N.-Y. for
fear I will be accused of telling fairy tales.
Fig. 204 gives an interior view of one of the 40-day
houses without the brooding compartment This is
unpatented, and equal to it for all purposes except
for brooding young chicks. It is 24x36 feet and
iarge enough to accommodate 300 hens. It is only
partially stocked as yet, and has nests only on one
side. More nests will be installed as needed, there
being plenty of room against the roof. The base on
which the dry mash bin rests is the only thing about
the furnishing that obstructs any of the floor space.
The hens have the whole floor space to themselves.
The only way we could photograph such a wide room
at close range was by joining two separate exposures.
There are just six pieces of furniture, hirst on the
right is seen the end of the drinking trough. This is
metal lined, is raised from the floor high enough so
that the hens cannot scratch litter into it, has a wide
cover that protects the water from droppings, and
extends through the wire front so that it can be filled
without opening the door. It can also be emptied
from the outside end by pulling a plug. The wide
cover was shoved partly to one side when the picture
was taken, better to show the trough. Next on the
right comes the dry mash bin or hopper. This also
is elevated from the floor enough to avoid litter being
scratched into the feed. The cover to this is sloping
so that the hens cannot perch on it. It is large
enough to hold at least a week s supply for 300 hens.
Between the perches and the feed bin and nests is
a muslin curtain to be lowered on extremely cold
nights. One part of the curtain was dropped in place
while the picture was being taken. The perches are
high and the curtains do not extend clear to the
floor. This allows the floor to be cleaned if desired
without moving the perches, and the curtains can
be left down all day if desired, as the hens can easily
pass under them.
The nests are just high enough for a man to pick
the eggs from them without bending his back. The
foot-board running along in front of the nests is
hinged to the nests. It can be folded up to close the
entrance to the nests at night. There is then no place
in the house a hen can get foothold except on the
perches. A barrel shown near the window in Fig. 203
holds a supply of mixed grain. This also has a slop¬
ing cover.
Now we are ready for a true fairy story. The flock
shown at Fig. 203, which has never known any other
home, is cared for by the expenditure of two minutes
of my time each morning, and three minutes again
each evening, not guesswork, but by the watch. The
price of eggs is unusually low this season, hut in the
pasts 40 days they have laid not less than i02 and not
more than 145 eggs a day, a total of 402 dozen, which
have been sold by the crate at 26 cents per dozen,
a total of $104.52. This more than pays the original
cost of their house. In the 45 days just passed they
have eaten 1,215 pounds mixed grain costing $14.58,
and 000 pounds dry mash costing $14.40, besides 60
pounds green cut bone costing $1.80, a total for feed
of $30.78. The number of eggs laid in the 45 days
has been 5,451, worth $118.10 at 26 cents per dozen.
Five minutes labor per day for the 45 days amounts
to 225 minutes, or nearly four hours. Here is clear
return above the cost of feed and labor to pay for a
good house in 45 days. Think of it, $S7.32 return for
four hours’ labor on a farm! The 200 hens are
worth about a dollar each, the price of two good
cows. Where would two cows be in a contest with
200 good hens? Suppose I could get 45 cents per
dozen for eggs, as Mr. Dougan does, or that I had
enough such flocks to keep me busy feeding for an
hour before breakfast!
How do I care for the hens so quickly?
In the first place, I have my feed man fill the barrel
with mixed grain and the bin with dry mash about
once a week. The droppings pay for a man’s time to
clean up as often as is necessary. The late Prof.
Gowell taught that in connection with a dry mash
constantly before the hens, it was good practice to
give mixed grain in two feeds daily, one in the early
morning, and the other about 10 a. m. I go him one
better, and teach that it is good practice to give the
entire daily allowance of mixed grain at one feed, in
the morning, before the hens are released from the
house. Mine find their drink, except in freezing
weather, at a nearby spring brook.
About 7 a. m. I unlock the door, open the nests, see
that the dry mash hopper is not clogged, then remove
•THE RURAL) NEW-VORKER
the cover from the barrel and take out two pails of
mixed grain. Of course, I don't scatter this by hand¬
fuls, but by placing one hand on the bottom of the
pail, with the handle in the other hand, a few semi¬
circular motions of the pail distributes it in the litter
as I walk across the floor. This is repeated with the
second pailful, and the job is done until next morn¬
ing, except to come at evening and gather the eggs,
close the nests and lock the door. With the basket on
my left arm. I carry four eggs at a time from the
nest to the basket with my right hand. Ten or 12
dozen eggs can thus he transferred from these nests
to a basket in short order. There is nothing remark¬
able about this record unless it be the small amount
of labor required with the use of modern appliances
and methods. Sixty per cent of eggs daily is not
CONSTRUCTION OF APPLE STORAGE. Fig. 205.
unusual, and 26 cents per dozen is not a big price for
the eggs. There is danger that the publication of
this true story may lead some novices to think that
anyone can make an easy living by investing a few
hundred dollars in hens. Alas, that there must be
so many bitter lessons of failure and disappointment
before success is apt to come to most of those who
embark in the poultry business without previous ex¬
perience ! I neglected to say that twice a week I give
that pen of hens five pounds of green cut bone which
my butcher furnishes ready ground at three cents per
pound. o. w. MAPES.
SIMPLE APPLE STORAGE.
I noticed in a recent number of The R. N.-Y. some
observer said that apples were coming out of cold
storage browned, having been in storage too long.
I remember also seeing an item in the Hope Farm
Notes, about April last year, where the writer mourned
the departure of baked apple season. It is neither
difficult nor expensive to build a fruit storage house
that will give first-class results. My photograph shows
such a house. Fig. 206. The frame and rafters are
2x4 hemlock, and the siding is rough inch boards.
The iron gutters will not be necessary if sufficient
overhang is given to the eaves. The walls are 10 inches
thick, and there are two doors, one opening inward
and the other outward. Between the doors we put
two mattresses made of cheap muslin or ticking and
stuffed with hay. The walls are double, being 12
FARM-MADE APPLE STORAGE. Fig. 20(5.
inches apart, and filled in between with manure. We
built this house last Autumn, too late to get the best
results from it, as the fresh manure kept the house
warm too late into the Winter. However, we wintered
about 120 bushels of apples in it with about one per
cent loss and about 50 bushels of potatoes with abso¬
lutely no loss. Apples and potatoes were packed in
ordinary bushel crates and stacked to the roof. To¬
day, the first of May, there are about 20 bushels in
the house, the Greenings and Spies and potatoes in
perfect condition, hard and plump. The Russets are
just a little off condition, not enough to show wrinkles
or rot. Of course, the wood that is underground will
May 20,
rot, but such a house will stand up and give service
for seven or eight years, and by that time we expect
to need one ten times as large. f. a. k.
Scranton, Pa.
WIREWORMS AND MICE.
I bought a farm of 120 acres, about SO acres being clear
and remainder in timber. The farm has been neglected,
and I have about 20 acres I am plowing for corn first. I
burnt the fields over and I take notice that the land is
just full of these short-tailed meadow mice. Could you
tell me of any remedy to clear the land of these pests?
1 know from experience that they do a lot of damage to
the corn, eating it, and it is very hard to get a stand.
C. H. G.
You have a case of “clean culture.” Nothing except
thorough working of that soil will clean out the ver¬
min. It will take two years at least of thorough stir¬
ring to get rid of those wireworms. The only thing
you can do now to hurry up this process would be to
turn a good-sized drove of hungry hogs into the field
after rough plowing. Do not feed them much. Make
it a case or “root hog or die.” They will rip the
whole field over and get thousands of the mice and
worms. Keep these hogs there as long as possible,
delaying corn planting. The plan of killing out wire-
worms with ashes or salt will not succeed. Y ou
would have to use enough salt to spoil the land to
kill the worms. The “Mark Lane Express” tells of a
backyard gardener who lost radishes by the maggots.
His friend advised the use of salt:
“Well,” said the friend, when next they met, “and did
you try the salt on those insects?”
“Yes.” replied the gardener, tears once more in his eyes,
“and the next morning, when T went to look, the little
beggars were pulling up the radishes, dipping them in the
salt, and devouring them by the dozen.”
WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH THE MANURE?
Nearly all dairymen and many stock feeders have
concrete floors and covered feed lots, and the manure
problem to them is when to apply it to the land;
but there are a great many farmers who feed a few
steers, usually around a straw rick or near an open
shed, during Winter. Perhaps such methods are
crude, wasteful and primitive, but the fact remains
that there are many instances of the sort, and in most
cases carelessness and shiftlessness are not responsible
for the practice. T can prove the truth of the latter
statement if any one doubts the assertion. Cattle fed
roughage and a small grain ration usually run on pas¬
ture in the Spring as soon as the grass starts, or as
soon as the ground gets solid, but the feed is con¬
tinued up to near May 1 in southern Ohio, and there
is small incentive to clean up the feed lot accumula¬
tion of manure until near the end of the feeding
period. However, it is usually during March and
April that we must break the sod fields intended for
corn or oats, and manure hauling at such a time inter¬
feres seriously with the plowing, to say nothing of
hauling heavy wet manure over soft fields, with teams
not yet accustomed to hard work after a Winter’s
idleness. Of course the horse stables and all other
stables are cleaned up, and the manure hauled and
spread a? fast as made, or practically so; that is,
no large quantities are allowed to accumulate, but the
real problem is the manure in the feed lot where a lot
of steers have been wintered. One would like to
have such manure spread thinly on our sod fields be¬
fore breaking, but a large acreage under the plow
and a late wet Spring, like the present one, compels
one to make other plans. I am not writing this as one
who has solved the problem, but as one who is seek¬
ing a way out of the difficulty. One way is to leave
the manure in the feed lots till after wheat harvest,
and then spread on the stubble to benefit the young
clover. This is ideal if the manure is under cover,
but in the cases under consideration it is not, and it is
during the Summer that manure wastes so rapidly
when exposed.
Another way is to haul the manure after corn plant¬
ing and spread thinly over the cornfields. _ My experi¬
ence and observation is that the manure is too much
in the way of cultivation. To put it on the meadows
might do the hay crop good, but much of the coarse
part would be raked up with the hay. Now it seems
that we must compromise with some of these con¬
ditions, and which ones is the question. If anyone
has a good working plan, will he please tell us about
it? A covered feed lot is the best solution, but the
present status of cattle feeding does not justify such
an expensive one. We have had much wet weather
in March and April this year, and though much sod
is broken, but little oats have been sown yet, April 13,
and there is lots of clover sod to break and manure to
get out. We have had two days’ rain this week, with
prospects for more soon. Two or three working days
each week are about all we can count on, or at least
that is about the number we have had in each of
the past three or four weeks. One good feature is
that the weather has been warm enough for the grow¬
ing grass, but that is a minor consideration when so
much team work remains to be done. So far as the
feed-lot manure is concerned, it will have to take care
of itself until a more propitious time for getting it out
on the fields. w- D*
Hillsboro, Ohio.
wii-
CHEMICALS FOR THE HAY CROP.
I firmly believe that the best and most permanent
results in fertilizing the hay crop are produced by
lightly top-dressing meadows with fresh stable manure
in which shavings or other fine litter has been used
for bedding. Of course, there must be a good stand
of hay plants to fertilize. It will not pay to fertilize
weeds. In addition to the immediate stimulation
caused by the leaching of soluble plant food into the
soil where the grass roots are spread out, there is
the effect of the mulch around the grass plants and
the gradual decay of the fibrous portions of the
manure into humus. The saving of moisture and
the slow addition of plant food after the hay crop is
cut will go a long way toward insuring a crop of hay
on the same field the season following)
I know a hard-headed farmer in Ohio who bought
a manure spreader a few years ago and began the
practice of top-dressing his meadows. At first he
spread 12 loads per acre on land naturally adapted to
grass. The result was a growth of Timothy so
abundant that it lodged badly. He profited by that
experience, and next year used just half the former
amount of manure, or six loads of manure per acre.
I saw the next crop when he was cutting it. Some
portions of the field were lodged, but most of it stood
up as thick as grass ought to stand. I
tried wading through it, and found it a
tiresome job, so abundant was the
growth. This farmer knows that when
he plows up his meadow for corn he will
be likely to get a good crop of corn
without using very much manure or fer¬
tilizer on the corn. I know there are
farmers who do not have available suit¬
able manure for top-dressing their
meadows. The wisest thing for them to
do in order to get the most profitable
yields, is to use commercial fertilizers
of the best grades. On natural grass
lands available nitrogen is the most im¬
portant element to apply. Some phos¬
phorus and potash combined with the
nitrogen are usually profitable.
Bulletin 261 of the Cornell University
Agricultural Experiment Station gives
the results obtained with fertilizers for
Timothy hay on the clay loam soil of the
University Farm. For general practice
a mixture of 200 pounds nitrate of soda,
100 pounds acid phosphate, and 50
pounds muriate of potash per acre is
suggested. I saw this tried out in prac¬
tice last year on a meadow which was
seeded with rye in the Autumn of 1905.
As no hay was cut from it in 1906, the
year when the rye was harvested, we can
say that the field had yielded three con¬
secutive crops before it was fertilized.
As this field was in the hands of a renter
during these three years, no fertilizer
of any kind was applied to it, but I
should call it the most fertile field on
this farm. It was easily the best looking
field of Timothy hay in the neighbor¬
hood in the season of 1909, an unusually
poor season in this locality- As there
was a good stand of plants on the field
in the Spring of 1910, some fertilizer was
purchased rather late and applied April
27, after the grass had begun to grow.
The fertilizer was made up according to the rule
given above and mixed on the barn floor. The ma¬
terials cost $40 per ton and the formula was approxi¬
mately nine per cent nitrogen, four per cent phosphoric
acid, and seven per cent potash. As the fertilizer was
applied with a mechanical distributer which measures
it by bulk and not by weight, somewhat less than 350
pounds per acre but a trifle more than 300 pounds
were applied. The growth of the hay crop on this
field was a splendid sight. If there had been a heavy
rain after July 1 it certainly would have lodged. It
was cut and harvested in just about the best stage of
maturity, and I took my photograph, Fig. 207, on the
day when it was drawn from the field. A close look
at the piles of hay shows it to be a little bit coarse,
but that would be no detriment to the price where
sold to a hay buyer. The yield was 3 1-6 tqns per
acre, and the market price at that time was $12 per ton
for new hay. The fertilizer cost about $6 per acre,
so it would be quite fair to say that the returns per
acre above cost of fertilizer were $32. From this we
should deduct the cost of mixing and applying fer¬
tilizer and the cost of harvesting the hay, which would
vary with circumstances. After paying cash rental a
neat profit is left; I prefer to let the reader say how
much.
The important consideration is, how long can this
practice.be maintained on the same field with profit?
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
Not so long as where the top-dressing used is stable
manure, but in a rotation where one coat of manure
can be applied to the old meadow just before plowing
it up. I should say that two or three years of chemical
fertilizing on a good stand of grass ought to be quite
profitable under New York State conditions. Exces¬
sive use of chemicals without the aid of decaying
vegetation is likely to fail after a few years.
Tompkins Co., N. Y. edward R. minns.
HAY MAKING IN ILLINOIS.
Lightening Labor With Modern Machinery.
The western farmer never does any work by hand
that he can do with machinery. The immense imple¬
ment factories located in this and other States of the
Mississippi Valley bear witness to this fact. The
amount of farm machinery that is absorbed by the
trade every year is stupendous. Much that is bought
is to replace what is wornout — in many cases rusted
out, as the average western farmer is notoriously
careless about housing his implements. Much thought
and a great deal of inventive skill has been expended
in the manufacture of hay-making machinery, and
every device intended either to lighten the labor or
facilitate the work has been readily adopted by the
farmer as soon as its utility was proven. The kind
of outfit a man needs depends on the manner in which
he expects to store his crop. Most of the hay in this
section is put away in the barn, though some who
make a business of baling and shipping stack in the
field. Those who store in the barn use a rake car¬
ried on two wheels which is coupled to the rear end
of a wagon, and which gathers up the hay from the
swath or windrow and elevates it to the wagon, where
two men receive it and properly distribute it until the
load is made up. A third man drives, and four horses
are required to draw the outfit. When the load is
complete, one team is taken from the wagon and the
remaining two horses draw the load to the barn, while
the rake is attached to another wagon in waiting. The
extra team is kept in the field to help with the loading.
With a quarter or half mile drive, three wagons are
necessary to keep the rake busy. A load can be put
on in about 15 minutes, and it can be unloaded and
mowed away in about 10 minutes. Tn the unloading
process a fork is used, which is forced down into
the hay, and then elevated and run back into the barn
by means of a horse hitched to the rope. A small boy,
or sometimes a girl, directs the horse, and about four
forkfuls take the load. From 25 to 35 tons a day can
be put away in the barn when everything goes smooth¬
ly. Seven men and a boy and eight horses are required
to keep things moving.
In stacking in the field, what are called bull rakes
603
are used to draw the hay to the stack. These are about
16 feet long, with a horse hitched to each end, and
they take up the hay from the swath or windrow and
drag it to the stack, where the teeth of a derrick grab
it, and it is swung up over and dropped down on the
stack. Two men do the stacking, while a third man,
or a good-sized boy, operates the derrick. Two men
or boys handle the rakes, and this outfit of two men
and three boys, with five or six horses, can stack 40
or 50 tons of hay in a day.
Occasionally hay is baled right from the swath or
windrow. In this case it is drawn to the baler by
means of the bull rakes, and the baler is moved about
the field as found necessary to facilitate the work of
getting the hay to it. Right here in the corn belt more
clover hay is put up than Timothy at this time. The
great crop is corn, and all the land possible is devoted
to that grain. Other crops are grown largely as prep¬
aratory to the corn crop. Oats or wheat are seeded
to clover. A crop of hay is taken from the field the
second year, and if the second crop of clover contains
seed, this is saved, and the next year the ground is
put in corn. Most of the hay is fed on the farm.
After the corn crop is gathered in November the
horses and cattle are turned into the stalks, and they
get their living there for a month or two. The
remainder of the Winter they have oat straw and
clover hay for roughness, though, of
course, most farmers make some Tim¬
othy hay. More Timothy is grown in
the southern part of Illinois than in the
central part of the State, j. c. nichols.
Macon Co., Ill.
AN EXPERIENCE WITH VETCH.
I find on page 491 directions by C. W.
Prescott for growing seed for Winter
vetch. His plan would no doubt produce
seed quite abundantly, but it would be
considerable work to brush any large
area for producing seed. The seed can
be produced readily by sowing with
Winter rye. In 1908 I sowed rye and
vetch on about 1J4 acre where I had
grown potatoes. The seed was sown
September 21. The growth and yield of
both rye and vetch was good — more than
30 bushels per acre. I used about one
peck of vetch per acre, and somewhere
near 1 Y\ bushel of rye. The trouble
came when I wanted to separate the
vetch from the rye after thrashing. I
could not do it, and used most of the
mixed seed for sowing cover crops, sold
some, and fed some. I think the propor¬
tion of vetch to rye in product may have
been about one to five or near that. In
1910 I allowed about one-half acre sowed
from the mixed seed to ripen for seed.
The proportion of vetch was too great
for best results, as it completely
swamped the rye, and I think the yield
less than would have been if only about
half as much vetch had been sown. The
early blooms failed to seed. When the
product was thrashed the vetch was near
half the product. I do not remember
how many bushels there were, but the
yield was quite good and was used for
seeding cover crops. I have some; over
half an.acre, sown from this mixed seed
now growing, which I intend to let ripen to seed for
use in sowing cover crops. I wish I could. find some
variety of grain or grass which makes a growth. suffi¬
cient to hold up the vetch, which can be sown in
Autumn with vetch, and the seeds of which, if pro¬
duced, are so small, or so large, that they may be
screened from vetch seed. Such a plan would be a
great help in producing vetch seed. Can some of the
R. N.-Y. family tell of such a plant? M. morse.
Massachusetts.
Up to the advent of the Mexican Cotton boll-weevil In
the State, _ little was done by our people in the matter of
grading live stock, being content with cotton and its
proceeds to pay for everything. Things have now changed,
however, and the increase of live stock of different breeds
and varieties in the State has been almost phenomenal.
That statement is made by Prof. Dalrymple of the
Louisiana Station. The history of the world's progress
is, in one respect, the story of a series of calamities.
It may not be considered a high compliment to human
intelligence, but most men are driven to progress by
misfortune. A failure for which they may not be
responsible forces them out of a rut or out of some
old settled notion. This gives them larger oppor¬
tunity which they would not otherwise have noticed.
It may be an insect, a flood, a slow change of climate,
or a' change in political or social conditions which
upsets the old, time-worn habit of doing things, but
that is the way some of the great world’s changes
have been brought about.
HAY CROP FED BY CHEMICALS. Fig. 207.
EXTERIOR OF THE FORTY-DAY HOUSE. Fig. 208.
304
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
May 20,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[ Every query rrmst be accompanied by the
name and address of the writer to insure
attention. Before asking a question, please see
whether it is not answered in our advertising
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time.
Put questions on a separate pieee of paper.]
CHEMICALS FOR TOP-DRESSING.
G. D. C.j Plainville, Conn. — Will you
state the proper proportion to combine ni¬
trate of soda, acid phosphate and sulphate
of potash, to give same analysis as the
following top-dresser? Ammonia six to
seven per cent., phosphoric acid six to eight
per cent, soluble potash seven to eight per
cent.
Ans. — Let us remember that “am¬
monia” is a combination of nitrogen
and hydrogen. In a pound of “ammonia”
there are 13 1-5 oz. of nitrogen, or 82.5
per cent. You are guaranteed 120
pounds of ammonia in that fertilizer.
This means about 100 pounds of nitro¬
gen. Nitrate of socfa contains 16 per
cent, of nitrogen. You need 625 pounds
to give you this amount. The analysis
calls for 120 pounds of phosphoric acid.
A good sample of acid phosphate gives
14 per cent. Thus you need 850 pounds
of this; of potash 140 pounds are guar¬
anteed in the ton. Sulphate of potash
contains 50 per cent of potash and 300
pounds will fill the bill. Thus with
1775 pounds of these chemicals you can
supply the plant food in the lowest
guarantee of this fertilizer. We should
make a complete ton as follows : 700
pounds of nitrate of soda, 350 sulphate
of potash and 950 pounds acid phosphate.
. This may not be fully equal to the “top
dresser,” because the latter may contain
. sulphate of ammonia and ground bone
in addition to the other chemicals.
CROP NOTES.
Our season lias been very late and bloom
very much injured. We had a very cold
snap March 15 that killed a good many of
the apple buds, but we have a tine prospect
for a crop of apples in this section.
Virginia. SAMUEL s. gueruaxt.
Growing weather has struck Southern
Michigan, and the promise of <a good har¬
vest seems bright. Prospect good for fruit,
although fruit is not properly cared for in
this part r. C; a.
Coldwater, Mich.
Apples and small fruit promise full crop,
peaches about 10 per cent, of crop, not
enough fruit grown for local markets. Few
people spraying ; most every one setting
trees. j. e. c.
Walkersville, W. Va.
April was one solid downpour of rain.
May opens up with much promise, and
everything is being rapidly worked up. I
ate ripe peaches this year on April 29, the
earliest 1 ever ate them. I have a huge
pecan crop this year. s. h. James.
Louisiana. >
Early blooming apples were nearly all
killed here March 14 with a temperature of
7°, but late bloomers like Rome Beauty are
all right yet. They are three weeks later
than last year in blooming, and a week
later than I ever saw them. u. t. cox.
Lawrence Co., Ohio.
What’s the matter with Catawba Island,
O. ? Millions of peach buds and not a
single cold rain, peach trees in full bloom
and the weather ideal for fertilizing. Prom¬
ise big for a rousing peach crop this season.
Our island of 3,500 acres is largely set to
peaches, though pears, cherries, plums and
apples have a share in fruit production.
We are not the largest fruit section in the
world, but we can't be beaten in the quality
and beauty of our Elbertas, Smocks and
Balways. j. w. g.
Catawba Island, O.
William Wilson, of Orleans Co., N. Y., was
using a two-horse rake to gather up the
brush in his orchard. When I asked him
about it he said that his hired man wanted
to go and see his “best girl,” and wanting
to help him out he thought he’d see if he
could improve on the hand method of gath¬
ering up the brush, so he tried the rake.
Finding it worked line, he took the guard
rods out of back and also had the man go
ahead and trim out the big wood and throw
It between the rows. lie then came along
and when the rake was full he would drive
up to the fire, dump it with the hand lever
and kept one man busy throwing it on the
lire. lie had cleaned up as much in one day
this way as would ordinarily have taken
three or four. E. e. l.
The promise was good for fruit but the
weather is very dry, and things do not look
as well as they should. Then the hard
freezes of the past week have burned the
foliage on almost all kinds of fruit, and
I have found damage to some blossoms; to
what extent this will eventually prove I
do not know. However, the conditions to
my mind are not ideal for a bumper crop
of anything this year, but would not be
surprised if conditions improve and we have
a good average crop of many things. Rye
is the poorest I have ever seen, with grats,
oats, etc., very backward ; few potatoes
planted yet or corn ground ready, although
I expect to plant both next week, beginning
to-morrow, May 8. Small fruits have win¬
tered poorer than common. w. H.
Columbia Co., N. Y.
The past month has been quite backward,
except on the 28th and 29th, when we were
treated to Summer heat, as the mercury
touched 80° in the shade. It was quite a
test for man and beast. Plowing has been
going on for about eight or 10 days. Quite
a good many have sown their oats. Wheat
is looking fine, the best for years, thick
on the ground and good color. New seed¬
ing has come through finely, and the rain
the last few days and warm weather is mak¬
ing it jump. Everybody is busy with the
orchard trimming and especially so in spray¬
ing. There is a large amount of lime-sul¬
phur being used on apple trees. Several
new spraying outfits have been sold here.
Wheat has gone up to 80 cents ; oats 35,
potatoes 25, wool 15 to 18 ; veal six cents
per pound ; young pigs $0 per pair. Out¬
look for fruit good, apricots in bloom.
Canandaigua, N. Y. e. t. b.
The Ohio Department of Agriculture in
its May report states among other reports
that the wheat crop is encouraging. Area
is greater and growing condition better than
one year ago. On April 1 condition of wheat
was estimated at 84 per cent compared with
an average. During the past month it has
gained three per cent, its condition being
now estimated at 87 per cent. On the cor¬
responding date one year ago condition was
estimated at 85 per cent. The acreage of
clover is estimated at 91 per cent compared
with the area seeded last year. Fruit pros¬
pects are estimated at 91 per cent compared
with a normal yield. The following report
on fruit is furnished by the Nursery and
Orchard Division of this department: “In-,
spectors’ observation shows that throughout
Southeastern Ohio and river counties east
of Scioto, apple orchards on hill land have a
very light setting of fruit buds, undoubtedly
due to drouth of July and August of preced¬
ing year. In Central and Southeastern Ohio,
where apples were a total failure last year,
promises are for a full crop. Frost has de¬
stroyed about 80 per cent of peach buds,
early blooming pear, plum and cherry,
throughout Central and Southern Ohio. All
kinds of fruit in Northern and Eastern Ohio
in good condition and no injury reported.”
GOVERNMENT CROP REPORT.
At the beginning of May there were 31,-
307.000 acres in Winter wheat in this
country, about nine per cent of last Fall's
sowing having been abandoned. The aver¬
age condition of the crop is 86.1 per cent.
The average condition of meadow lands on
May 1 was 84.7, compared with 89.8 on
May 1, 1910, and a 10-year average on
May 1 of 89.4. Stocks of hay on farms
is estimated at 7,546,000 tons (12.4 per
cent of crop) against 7.275.000 tons
(11.2%) on May 1, 1910. The average
condition of pastures on May 1 was 81.3,
compared with 89.3 on May 1, 1910, and a
10-year average on May 1 of 87.4. Of
Spring plowing 71% was completed up to
May 1, compared with 80.3% on May 1.
1910, and a 10-year average on May 1 of
67. 2. Of Spring planting 60.0% was com¬
pleted up to May 1, compared with 65.0%
and 51.9% on May 1, 1910 and 1909, re¬
spectively.
A NEW AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
A number of the residents of Mbrris-
towu and Bernardsville, N. .1., among whom
were Wm. B. Blackwell, Walter l3. Bliss,
John Clallin, G. G. Frelinghuysen, Geo. W.
Jenkins, R. V. Lindabury, D. II. McAlpin,
Franklin Murphy, Jos. W. Ogden, R. H.
Thomas, Arthur Whitney and others, who
have become deeply interested in agricul¬
tural life, met in New York in February
past and organized a farmers’ club, re¬
stricted to the farmers of northern New
Jersey, called the North Jersey Society for
the Promotion of Agriculture. This society
has established an office in the city of New
York, and has placed the same in charge
of John II. Voorhees, who is to be the man¬
aging secretary of the society. This office
will be a bureau of information to which
the members of the society may resort in
time of need, and will also be a purchasing
agency for general farm supplies. Co-op¬
eration among agriculturists, especially in
the purchase of farm supplies, has become
so popular and successful in Great Britain
and in the more advanced agricultural com¬
munities in this country, that the members
feel assured it will succeed and prove sat¬
isfactory in North Jersey. Through this
co-operative scheme it is believed that
members will save many times over their
annual dues, besides getting what they pay
for and knowing what they get. In addi¬
tion to the foregoing the society will ar¬
range for meetings of its members in the
city in Winter and in the country in the
Summer season, to the farming community
in general.
Mr. Voorhees has now taken up his du¬
ties as managing secretary and is gather¬
ing books and bulletins to compose a library
on agricultural subjects to be used as a
reference library by the members of the
society. He is also endeavoring to secure
information along lines which will aid in
the purchase of seeds, fertilizers and ma¬
chinery by means of catalogues, pamphlets,
etc., from the various firms and brokers.
CINDERS RUSTING FENCING.
I have a galvanized wire yard which I
keep my chickens in that has been in use
for several years. I live close to a rolling
mill, and tliev burn coal. They filled my
back yard with, the cinders and had my
fence covered for a long time. Now about
three strands are under the cinders ; it has
not rusted any yet. w. F. K.
Wellsyille, O.
On page 464 a subscriber asks about coal
cinders rusting or rotting galvanized iron
fence wire. The writer has seen the effects
of cinders and does not hesitate to say that
they will cause fence to rust in a very short
time, under certain condition. The specific
case with which I am familiar was one in
which a dealer had a store room with a
cinder bottom, upon which was laid boards,
just enough to keep the fence from the cin¬
ders. When the rolls of fencing were re¬
moved the part where there was no board
to protect it was very badly rusted, al¬
though it did not come in direct contact
with the cinder floor. It naturally follows
that this fence was not as good as if it
had not been rusted in these places, as it
was no stronger than the weakest point.
This fence had not been in the house for
any great length of time, yet the galvaniz¬
ing was all gone where not protected by the
boards. As to whether cinders would affect
galvanizing in the open air I do not know,
but I do know that it did in the above
mentioned store house. f. m. l.
Norwalk, O.
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s
Fertilizers ; they enrich the earth and
those who till it.” — Adv.
The i "BOSS” POT A TO DIGGER
Has nev¬
er been
beaten
in trials.
We can
f n r n ish
testimo¬
nials, on
request,
from all
parts
of the
country.
Write for cata¬
log, prices, &c.
This machine is not a new tiling, 1 ut lias been thorough¬
ly tested in all kinds of soil, and under all conditions,
and pronounced — as its name implies — tho EOSS OF
ALL DIGGERS,
ind today
is in use
1 . y the
best
potato
raisers i n
the country. It weighs about 500
pounds, and is easily hand led by
TWO HORSES. It is so adjusted that
the operator can dig every row and
deliver them on one side of the field,
making them easy to pick up. It
will dig an uneven surface, and on side hill as well
as on the level, making a complete separation of
the tubers from the soil and the weeds. It is made
strong, durable, will do good work on stony
ground. E R ALLEN FOUNDRY CO., Corning, N Y.
Farmers
ELUS
CHAMPION
THRESHERS
are equally well suited to tlireshenneu
and grain growers desirous of doing their
own work. Herewith is shown Ellis Cham¬
pion No. S£ complete with st;
elevator and grain bagger; open
steam or tread power. No clogging of straw in these
threshers. Made in different sizes to meet all needs.
We also make Tread and Sweep Horse-Power, circular
and drag saws, ensilage cutters, corn shellers, etc. Send
for catalog giving full information about these machines.
ELLIS KEYSTONE AGRICULTURAL WORKS ,
Do Your Own Threshing!
You can save the cost of a rig
in a few years besides doing the
conveni¬
ent time
Poitstown t Pa,
FRUIT FARMS vs. GOLD MINES
500,000 New StoneTomato Plants For Sale
From selected seed that '•grow the big crops ready
June tne First. $1.00 per 1000; 5000 for $4,00.
CELERY. CABGAGE, RUBY KING PEPPER, CAULIFLOWER and
SWEET POTATO PLANTS in their season.
Send for our tun Catalog
If you want 50,000 or 100,000 Tomato Plants we can
supply you with extra fine plants. ROMANCE SEED 8
PLANT FARM, CALEB BOGGS 8 SON, CHESW0LD, DEL.
OLYMPIC NATURE NURSERY
Rhododendrons, Madronas, Oregon Grapes, Huckle¬
berries and other wild shrubs, plants and flowers.
By mail, 10 for 50 cents, 24 for SI. 00 postpaid.
Money hack if not satisfied.
JOEI, SHOMAKKK, Nellita, "Washington.
The Dowden Potato Digger Is a machine yon can
absolutely depend on to do its work well all the time.
Combining simplicity with great digging capacity—
you can save the price of a digger in a short time by
getting all the potatoes and eliminating repair hills to
a minimum.
Catalog free. It tells ail about the digger— how It is
made and what it will do. Can be operated by a boy.
Dowden Mfg. Co., 1 122 Elm St., Prairie City, Iowa
IN WESTERN MICHIGAN fruit farms
can be paid for out of profits in four
years. Here many fruit growers are
earning SCO to 100 per cent on valuations
of $500 an acre. These are strong statements
but we are prepared to back them up with
facts and figures that will convince you.
We have no land for sale ! Our business is
simply to tell about this last
“ LAND OF OPPORTUNITY ”
with the climate, the soil, the location, the
transportation facilities, and the
“ FRUIT WITH FLAVOR ”
that makes it the best of all regions in which to live and prosper.
Good fruit lands can still be bought for from $20 an acre up; improved land
costs from $35 an acre up, bearing orchards from $100 to $500 an acre.
Our 48-page, beautifully illustrated art magazine,
giving detailed information, FREE. Send for it!
Excursions into Western Michigan on all lines the first and third Tuesdays of each month. COME !
WESTERN MICHIGAN DEVELOPMENT BUREAU
1004 State Bank Building, Traverse City, Michigan
DON’T neglect to find out about
The Acre-Aii-Hour Sifter,
the new invention. Applies dry Bor¬
deaux, Cement, Lime, Plaster or
Screened Ashes with Paris Green to
Potatoes, Cucumbers, Currants, etc.,
as fast as a man can walk. Covers
instantly and perfectly plant 3 ft. in
diameter ; one man can treat an acre
in one to two hours. Best implement
for the busiuess ever invented. Sam¬
ple by express, 7*»c. Prepaid by mail
only, buyer’s risk, $1. Splendid In.
(lumiient to agents ACRE-A>'-HOUR
SIFTER CO., Po ugli keep si e, N\ Y.
Protect Your Corn from Crows !
Stanley’s
Crow Repellent
will insure full protection of corn from crows and
other birds and save expense and loss of replanting.
$1.00 per can delivered nearest Express office.
THEO. A. STANLEY, New Britain. Ct.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES
has been built up by finality trees from a small
beginning to the largest nursery in America — more
than 2,000 acres devoted to crowing trees, plants,
vines and ornamental stock. Buy of a responsible
grower and get what you pay for. Address
HARRISON’S NURSERIES
Ten Valuable Farms For Sale. BOX 421, Berlin, Md.
_P RIVET HEDGING-
- SPECIAL 2 YEAR . . .
12 to 18 in. ® $1.25 per 100 . $10.00 per 1000
18 to 24 in. to $1.50 per 100 . *1:5.00 per 1000
This is all well branched
TERMS - - CASH WITH ORDER
JOS. H. BLACK. SON 8 CO.. HIGHTSTOWN, N. J.
CAR C A I C — Cow Peas, $2 50 to $3.00 bushel;
rUll «HLl Crimson Clover Seed, $8.50 bushel:
Black-Eyed Peas. $3.00 bushel.
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND
Milford. Del.
PI ARIT ^ — Cabbage — Early Jersey, Chn'leston, Wakefield, $1
I LAN I 0 p«rl,000. Karlin tin, emcees*, Chalk** Jewel,
Bouny Best, and Freedom, $2 per J.ouu. J. LUCAS, Ashland, Yal
Dewdrop Everbearing Strawberry
Largest in the World. Bears I irst Season. Free
circular. H. F. JDEAV, Albion, Midi.
Ciu(1d| Pnfatn Plante only $2.00 per 1000, special
OWcei ruifliu ridlllb prices on 5000 lots. Price
list free. W. S. FORD & SON, Hartly, Del.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS— New and old varieties. Send
for new Iilus. Catalogue for 1911. Prices from
$1.50 per 1,000 up. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Dei.
C A 11 HA UK PLANTS of all kinds, $1 per 1000; Tomato and Sweet
Potato Plants. $1.00 per 1000; Caulitlow'er ami Peppers, $2.00
per 1000. I’lancs ready for field. J. O. Schmidt, Bristol, P«.
rnn C A I C — 900.000 Sweet Potato Plants. Tomato
lUll OMLCaiul Cabbage Plants. Send today for
catalogue. Fine plants. M. N. BORGO, Vineland, N. J.
SALESMEN WANTED 1 A N] It V' I. A N TS S
Free orrtfit. Commission paid weekly. Write for
terms. PERRY NURSERIES, Rochester, New York
T1
iHE FARMERS’ NATIONAL BANK of Union
City, Michigan, located at Union City, in the
State of Michigan, is closing its affairs. Ail note
holders and other creditors of the association are
therefore hereby notified to present the notes a-.,
other claims for payment. p, t>tTv.t t
Dated April 28* 1911. D‘ D- BUELL, 1 * est.
Potato Digging Time Coming
—Buy a Dowden Digger Now
1911.
THtC RURAL, NEW-VORKER
606
LIVE STOCK AND POISON SPRAYS.
On page 546 I have read your timely
remarks about spray material, and
would like to relate our experience. My
son and I lease a 10-acre apple orchard ;
three years ago when we were spraying
the owner of the orchard sent his son
to the creek for water for the cattle, it
being a dry time. He took a barrel in
which was a little dirty water, as he
supposed, emptied it, rinsed it well and
drew water in it to till up their stock
tank. Next day the cows began to be
sick and in a few days five of the eight
in the herd were dead. The veterinary
said they showed symptoms of arsenical
poisoning. The young man had takefi a
barrel in which was a little of our
arsenic solution, and although he thor¬
oughly rinsed it, the wood was suffi¬
ciently impregnated with the poison
probably to cause suffering and death.
Two years ago we emptied a barrel
with dreg's of lime and copper sulphate
in it and rinsed it well. I think some
of the rinse water ran down into the
barnyard, where the cattle could lick it.
Two yearlings were sick several days,
but finally recovered under our treat¬
ment. We drenched them frequently
with milk and eggs. We have had cattle
eat growing grass under apple trees
which had been sprayed with poison,
and noticed no bad effect, but do not
care to risk it. Those using spray ma¬
terial cannot exercise too much care
with it, especially where stock is kept.
It is bad stuff to swallow, “for the end
thereof is death.” j. s.
Michigan.
R. N.-Y. — That is about the substance
of our reports. When carefully put on
the spray liquid is not dangerous. The
trouble comes from concentrated liquids
— puddles made from over-spraying or
leaving the drainings of the tank or
barrel about.
Making a Hay Farm.
M., North Attleboro. Mass. — T have about
five acres of upland from which last Win¬
ter the wood was cut. The soil is ex¬
cellent for hay. Would it in your opinioh
pay me to clear and seed it down? If so,
will you suggest the least expensive method
of preparation?
Ans. — We do not know how many
stumps and stones there are on this
field, but it is doubtful if you can fit
the five acres for grass for less than
$400. We should blow out the larger
stumps and rocks with dynamite and
grub out the smaller ones. If there are
any sink holes or depressions dig ditches
or large wells in them and fill with rocks
and stones. Burn it over and level the
surface. If you have the capital and
will feed the grass such a field will pay
good interest on the investment.
Cleaning Out Poison Ivy.
IF. K., Rockland Co., N. Y. — The stone
fences around my farm are covered with
poison ivy. Can you suggest a way of de¬
stroying it without coming in contact with
it?
Ans. — It is not easy to extirpate
poison ivy (Rhus radicans) where clam¬
bering over stone fences, because many
of the plants are hard to get at, and
persistent work will be needed for sev¬
eral seasons. The most certain method
is to grub it out, rooting up the plants,
but the work can be done without touch¬
ing the plant by the use of concentrated
sulphuric acid. Apply a half teaspoon¬
ful to the stem just above the ground,
repeating every two or three weeks. Be¬
gin this as soon as growth is active in
Spring. Handle the acid with great care,
as it is frightfully corrosive, and burns
skin or clothing. Do not leave the
brush lying about, nor use it for fuel,
and when burning in the field do not in¬
hale the smoke, nor let it blow across
the face. Very painful sore eyes have
resulted from burning poison ivy in the
kitchen stove. When working around
poison ivy it is a wise precaution to rub
face and hands with olive oil, as this
often prevents poisoning. Pure olive
oil is very soothing to the eruption. The
volatile oil which contains the poisonous
principle gets on the clothes, and may
cause poisoning afterwards, so it is well
to keep some old clothes to wear when
working about the ivy. It will also be
well to wash the hands in a solution of
sugar of lead in alcohol, before wash¬
ing with soap and water. As for poison
remedies, olive oil, sugar of lead, tinc¬
ture of grindelia and poultice of ripple-
grass or English plantain all have their
advocates. Hot salt water is recom¬
mended by some, and one of our friends
tells us that any of the recommended
cures is more efficacious in her case if
applied hot. _
What Crop Before Alfalfa ?
Will you tell me which crop Alfalfa will
do the best after? I have an old garden
that is about as weedy a spot as you could
find, but it is about the best spot I have. I
think, to start Alfalfa, barring the weeds.
I decided some time ago to plant it in po¬
tatoes, and not leave a weed grow, but the
potatoes will take the most potash from the
soil, which the Alfalfa needs. I have been
thinking lately that it might be better to
sow oats and peas, as I can get them off
the ground sooner than I can the potatoes,
and then harrow the soil for the Alfalfa.
This garden has been manured well for two
years, and last Spring was sown with tur¬
nip seed, but the turnips and weeds came
out about even for supremacy. We used a
few of the turnips and left the rest with
the weeds. I cau give that spot all the
horse and cow manure, put as much lime
per acre as you will advise, can get phos¬
phoric acid and potash, all I need, cau get
from an advertiser inoculated soil. I sowed
in this garden two years ago a spot four by
eight feet a sample of Alfalfa seed and it
grew nicely the first year, but last year I
did not pay any attention to it and let it
go to seed, and at present is growing
nicely. s. d. h.
Utahvllle, Pa.
We like early potatoes ahead of Alfalfa if
the crop can be dug by August. Potatoes
are usually well fertilized and kept clean
and the coustant working 'of the soil all
through the season is what helps the Al¬
falfa. If you can mature potatoes so as to
dig them early in August we should plant
them in hills and cultivate both ways. If
you cannot get them off in time, sow the
oats and peas, cut in July, give a good coat
of manure, plow and harrow and harrow
constantly until you seed the Alfalfa. It
would be better still if you could plow all
the oats and peas under and then harrow
in the manure, but early potatoes, thor¬
oughly cultivated, would be our choice.
A Tennessee Farm. — Some of our read¬
ers will be interested in knowing what the
stock on a large Tennessee farm will bring
at auction. The following refers to the
large farm of the late Campbell Brown, of
Maury Co. : The two days' sale amounted
to $22,300 ; 7(j yearling mules averaged $121;
20 work mules from three to eight years
old averaged $186.50 ; 10 pony marts
(Shetlands) averaged $180.50; five Berk-
slilres averaged $40 ; the Dorset ewes av¬
eraged $25. The Jerseys sold were only a
cow and calf that brought $390. The farm
will be operated along the same lines as it
has been for the past 40 years. The Jer¬
sey herd will be replaced as soon as pos¬
sible; the acreage of the farm will be cut
down by sale to about 1000 acres, 100
acres of which is in early fruit.
ALPHA
PORTLAND CEMENT
is absolutely the best that can be made
for all farm work. Largely used by
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬
pal and Railroad work — a reputation of
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for
ALPHA
Send lor Booklet and learn why it is the best.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO.,
ADDRESS
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA.
I— 99 9Xor, % Pure-
American Ingot Iron Roofing
Guaranteed For 30 Years
Without Painting
The Only Guaranteed Metal Roofing ever put on the
market. Samples free. W rite for a free book showing
remarkable tests. A way out of your roof troubles.
THE AMERICAN IRON ROOFING CO., Dept. D.ELYHIA. OHtf
DIGS ALL THE POTATOES
without rutting them— just enough adjustment to meet
your conditions without carrying too much soil._ Saves
enough more potutoes, eveniu email acreage to pay for
machine in short time. Perfect separation. Is ns light
draft ns any digger enn he. No neck weight. Two styles
made L’rices $75.00 to $105.00. -No. 150 is the lighter
machine, built on strong but very simple lines— a great
favorite with growers. Separate bearings, easily removed
and cheaply replaced. Operates eutirely from the scat.
UtONAtSE AGGERS I
ara not experiments— years of actual use in all sorts of
conditions have proved their worth. Write to day for
Anniversary Catalog— complete line of potato machin-
IV' Buy This
POTATO DIGGER
Extra strong, very durable, light draft, easy
on horses, positively best potato digger
on market. Fully guaranteed— still priced
low. Get free book on Diggers, Pickers and
Sorters. Hoover Mlg. Co.. Box 56 .A very, Ohio.
I Transfer points — Buffalo,
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F. C. Sheldon Slate Co. Granviue,1?*.!
Try the DELI N
Wt/i Your Money /nYourPoc/tef
Try It for 30 days on your own roads; then,
if you find it entirely satisfactory , you pay
us. Buggies—all styles— and harness at lowest
wholesale prices, direct to you, ou approval.
No Cash With Order— No Deposit
“ DELIN ” offers more liberal terms and
better values than you can get elsewhere.
Our FREE 1911 Catalog gives full information. Show*
metal auto seat buggies and hundreds
of other dandy styles. Get acquainted
with the values we offer also with our
exclusive “DELIN** terms. Write for
FREE CATALOG Today.
The Delia Carriage Co.
173®, Central Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio
TRADE MARK REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE.
. . . SOLELY MANUFACTURED BY . . .
*rhe Rogers Hubbard Co.
Middletown, Conn.,
Bristol Co., Mass., Dec. 5, 1910.
The Rogers & Hubbard Co.,
Middletown, Conn.
Gentlemen:— I have just finished husking
one lot of Corn from 1J4 acres, on which I
used ton of Hubbard’s “Bone Base”
Soluble Corn and General Crops Manure
and Complete Phosphate per acre. It
yielded li2 bushels of ears of sound Corn.
I am so well pleased with the result that I
thought you would like to know it. The
lot had a coating of stable manure ploughed
in in 1909, but 1 used nothing but Hub¬
bard’s "Bone Base” Fertilizer this year.
There may be other good Fertilizers, hut
Hubbard’s “Bone Base” Fertilizer is good
enough for me.
Sincerely yours.
Send for Free Almanac telling all about
the Hubbard “Bone Base” Fertilizers.
Joshua T. Durfee.
.
600
May 20,
Vetch or Rye with Buckwheat ?
G. P. H.} Auburn, N. Y. — After reading a
number of articles in The It. N.-Y. on vetch
I would like to ask if vetch could be sown
with buckwheat, or if sowing about four
or six weeks later would be better? The
farm I came on a year ago was a long-
neglected one, and with but one team I
could not plow all that should have been.
The field I am anticipating sowing to buck¬
wheat my neighbors tell me has not been
plowed in 12 or 15 years, and is quite a
steep side hill sloping to the west, with a
yellow loam soil. My future idea is to seed
to Alfalfa.
Ans. — We have never heard of this
combination being used. Possibly the
vetch would live when shaded by the
buckwheat and come on later, but we
doubt it. If your plan is to leave the
buckwheat on the land to be killed by
the frost the vetch might come on late
and be plowed under the following year.
Such a plan as the above with buck¬
wheat and rye sometimes proves suc¬
cessful. When* buckwheat and rye are
sown together the last week in June the
buckwheat will take possession of the
soil promptly, and the rye will not make
very much growth until the buckwheat
is harvested or cut down by frost, after
which the rye takes possession of the
land and makes growth in the Fall and
Spring, and the whole may be plowed
under in time to repeat the sowing. In
several instances, following this pro¬
gramme for three to five years has re¬
sulted in bringing very poor land into
a good state of productivity, and the
crops of buckwheat that have been har¬
vested have practically paid the cost of
the labor.
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE.
During April new building operations
involving $61,801,000 were begun in 40
cities of the United States.
Onion seed from the Canary Islands to
the amount of 18 tons was imported during
1910. It was mainly for Texas sowing,
where the “Bermuda” onion business is
growing rapidly. The Texas onions are
now arriving in northern markets, bringing
$1 to $2 per bushel.
Quite a Load. — This consisted of 12 rolls
of printing paper, averaging above 1.200
pounds each, making something over seven
tons. The motive power was three 1,800-
pound Belgian horses, in good condition,
with backs as broad as a young elephant's.
This load, rattling over the granite block
pavement of New Chambers street, was a
traveling recommendation for the material
and workmanship in that truck.
Automatic selling by means of the slot
machine has reached a very large figure.
A corporation with $6,000,000 stock and
$3,600,000 bonds has been formed by about
30 independent companies selling chewing
gum, candies, paper drinking cups and
telling the customer his weight. Observa¬
tion shows that about one per cent of the
money put into the gum and candy ma¬
chines brings no return. The educational
effect of these penny-in-the-slot machines
is bad, as it gives any child with a penny
the opportunity of spending it foolishly,
thus fostering a habit the direct adverse
of wholesome thrift.
A Little Giant. — One of the most inter¬
esting travelers in New York Bay and the
North and East Rivers is the tugboat. It
is an ordinary looking affair, but with a
few snorts from its, perhaps. 800 horse
power engine, it races through -the water
and pulls or pushes loads that look about
as inconsistent as for a man to shoulder
a barn and walk away with it. The im¬
mense ocean steamers are too ‘awkward to.
dock safely with their own power, but a
tug or two with their three-inch diameter
hawsers handle the monster, sliding it into
the slip or hauling it out in mid-stream
ready to start away, as readily as a man
handles a large stone with a bar. This
hawser costs about 30 cents per foot and a
busy tug has to buy over $1,000 worth of
it per year.
What Are Correct Prices? — In most
large produce market cities a daily “price
current” is issued. This is more or less
official in character, depending on how
much interest the local trade organizations
take in it. The question often arises as to
whether a commission man may be held
responsible for failure to get for produce
the price quoted for that day. If he made
a definite promise to secure the quotation
on the day sold he is under moral obliga¬
tion to return that price and is legally
bound according to the construction the
courts put on the language in which the
supposed promise was made. If the com¬
mission man receives the goods under no
definite promise or with the understanding
that he is to sell them the best he can,
he cannot be held to the official quotation.
Honestly made quotations represent sales,
the top price the best some man, or perhaps
two or three, were able to get, but their
best may be much better than many others
in the same market can get, because the
supply of customers who will buy at those
prices runs out. There is not enough
cream to go around. Those dealers who
days or weeks in advance promise to return
the full official quotation for goods sent
them, either have a special trade with a
large profit margin, or run the risk of loss
if they do not meet the quoted price. In
such cases it is a common practice to return
the full price to the man promised and
make up the difference on some other man
to whom no promise has been made — a lit¬
eral robbing of Peter to pay Paul. The
above remarks refer to commission men
who are supposed to be honest, not the
snides and crooks in the business.
W. W. H.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
RYE FOR THE SILO
And for Various Other Uses.
Part II.
We have seen inquiries in regard to sep¬
arating vetch seed from rye, and as there
is so much variation in the size of the vetch
seed, some of it being several times as large
as the smallest, it is a difficult proposition
to separate it from either rye or wheat
with any machine, but the round, smooth
vetch seed will gain greater momentum than
the grain berries, rolling down a long four
or five foot inclined plane, and will jump
further at the bottom, making it easy to
separate the greater part of it in that way.
Vetch might easily become a pest on truck
or grain farms ; is in fact a weed of won¬
derful value in its place.
Under the conditions which exist in this
part of the country, no system of farming is
complete which does not provide for the
return to the soil, in some form, of at least
a large part of the fertility taken off by
crops, and the more complicated this system
the greater the number of leaks, and as
usually handled the greater the waste.
Where the improvement of the land is the
primary object, the shortest and quickest
method is to turn the crop under without
handling, but the use of rye for soiling or
silage is a simple method of handling this
crop, allowing quick return to the land, L
manure is properly cared for, with but lit :
waste and small expense in handling ; a
very different proposition from the usual
practice in this section, where the rye is
allowed to mature, the grain thrashed, sold
or ground and fed ; in the Winter the straw
and manure are thrown in open yard to
leach until Spring, the whole system a los¬
ing game, requiring many operations, fre-
quently the purchase or hiring of expensive
machinery, and the proportion of fertility
finally returned to the soil is very small.
The value of rye is too often overlooked
in the scramble for legumes. We are ad¬
vised on every side to use legumes to
bring up land, but with many farms it is
like expecting a boy to enter college before
he has been through the primary. The man
who can grow good crops of clover is, fig¬
uratively speaking, almost “through col¬
lege.” How many of us who are fighting
for existence on poor farms have not had
the methods of some successful farmer held
up to our view, and been advised to sow
clover, plow it under and raise big crops
like he does. There are two such cases in
this section, both making use of clover and
raising more potatoes on one acre than some
do on three or four, but both of these men
had a good start. Neither had any interest
to raise, no mortgage to pay off, and were
free to plow under crops and bring up their
land, and while they are now able to raise
big crops of clover, we know that in at
least one of these cases, rye was first used
to bring up the land before starting with
clover. Those who are so free with their
advice, which is often as valuable as that
given by the same class of people to use
Alfalfa to bring up poor laud, do not stop
to consider or .have not learned by hard-
earned experience that bringing up with
clover land that would not produce as much
clover to the square rod as would make a
hen’s nest, is easier talked of than done.
Before wre can build up a run-down farm
by plowing under crops, we have to have a
crop that will grow on the poor soil, and
too often money put into clover seed for
such land is thrown away, excepting such
part as might lie in the ground to make its
appearance in later years, when conditions
have become more favorable. Advice is
cheap and easy to get and there are few
who will back up their advice to use le¬
gumes on poor land, by standing the loss
if they fail.
The present poultry craze, upon which
fakes are fattening with their “systems,” is
not unlike the articles which appear from
time to time in some papers, telling of the
wonderful results obtained in bringing up
land by the use of this or that legume, and
so it goes. Conditions vary. Each man has
his own problem to work out on his own
soil. Nothing can be truer than, as Prof.
Roberts said, “Every farm is an experiment
station, and the owner is the director.”
When a man builds a house, he knows he
will want a roof before he gets through,
but he does not usually build the roof first.
Humus is the foundation, the place to start
to build your farm. We begin at the wrong
end when we start with legumes on land
that is genuinely poor. There are thou¬
sands of farmers who would get far more
benefit from one bushel of rye or buck¬
wheat and plow the crop under, than from
the use of a whole bushel of clover seed.
The teachings of L. L. D. (Lime, Legumes
and Drainage) are all right in their place,
but that, too, is comparatively a “college
course” so far as much poor land is con¬
cerned, and the more important preparatory
work of getting some kind of humus in the
soil should not be overlooked. It ought to
be H. L. L. D. with the “II.” as large as
the other three.
In a section like this, where during the
blooming time of sorrel the landscape is
dotted and splashed with red (even the sky
often red at sunset t, notwithstanding the
fact that we are told that sorrel indicates
sour land, and the need of lime, the man
who uses burnt lime on such land, without
first supplying humus, is doing himself or
the land a positive damage. We know by
experience that the lime does not always
kill sorrel, and that on land red with sorrel
clover will come in of itself, without seed¬
ing, by the application of stable manure and
thorough cultivation of intervening crops.
In our own case we started in at first trying
to raise legumes and used lime. In other
words, we tried to take the “advanced
course” with lime and legumes and flunked.
We had to go back and start over again
with “addition” and “multiplication” of the
humus content. i. c. Rogers.
Livingston Co., N. Y.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
To use is to
— approve — \
Runabout, $750
F. O. B, Detroit, including three oil lamps, tools and
horn. Gas lamps and tank or generator, top, wind¬
shield, etc., extra. The picture shows a Runabout
with detachable doors, which cost S‘25 extra.
Touring Car for 4, $!KK); with fore-doors, $25 extra.
GUARANTEED FOR LIFE
You never meet a Hupmobile owner
H who is willing to say aught but good
cf his car.
j Unsolicited, many of them write en-
| thusiastically of the pleasure and
service they have had with their
Hupmobiles.
Frank Grates, a building inspector of
Redlands, Cal., writes:
“My 1 lupmobile runabout has cost me
only 6o cents in a year, and that not for
machinery, but for varnish. I find that
I average about 26 miles to the gallon:
the up;keep during the year has not
cost me over $6 a month.”
Dr. A. A. Brown of San Antonio, Texas:
“I use it constantly for every call, and
my total expenses for gasoline and oil
average about $10 a month.”
W.R. Vann, of the Van Camp Hardware
& Iron Co., Indianapolis, Ind. :
“I am a traveling salesman, weigh 28s
lbs. and carry about too lbs. of bag¬
gage, and have driven this car every
day over all kinds of roads, having a
mileage of 17,000 miles this year. My
tires run from 10,000 to 12,000 miles. I
have increased my volume of business
and at the same time decreased my ex¬
pense account over the previous year.”
Every one of these men bought a Hup¬
mobile to save time and money and
found it a practical economy.
And so, invariably, experience with a
Hupmobile wins permanent approval.
Investigation will show you why.
Hupp Motor Car Co.
Dept. 1220 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich.
DHIluHllto “Hints to Buyers and Sellers”mni]edFree.
20th CENTURY AUTOMOBILE CO.
246 West 49th, near Broadway, New York
LOW PRICES haUsome FENCI
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Many years of experimenting
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Means a big reduction in
fence cost and maintenance.
40-page catalog sent free, fully
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Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask
dealer to show samples and quote
prices, or write us direct.
American Steel 6 Wire Co.
Chicago :
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Denver :
First Nat. Bank Bldg.
New York:
30 Church Street
San Francisco :
16th and Folsom Sts.
ft
We Want ,
■ Oar 1911
f Catalog in the Home''
4)1 Every F armer in America
178 pages filled from cover to cover with goTYtrinel
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Ohio
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From Factor/To Horse
YOUR HOME SHOULD
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thus combining artistic appear¬
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heavily galvanized cables and heavy upright
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Write for catalog of Republic Ornso*
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, , 211 Republic St.f North Chicago, Ill.
|ROWN FENCER
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NET SSOO^TO SIOOOBrPER ACRE
1 N //
Growing
f Oranges, Grapefruit, Vegetables.
Thousands of satisfied setders are making iS
INDEPENDENT FORTUNES ’fj
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An instructive booklet fully describing
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jgL I. W. WHITE, Gen’I Industrial Agt.
Dept. A S. A. L. Ry.
NORFOLK, VA.
COLORADO FARM VALUES GAIN 300%
Thirty per cent every year, 300 per cent in ten
years, is the gain in value of Colorado farm lands
just reported by the United States census. In the
next ten years, with further extension of irrigation
there will be a still greater gain. Colorado farms
often pay for themselves in two or three years, and
sometimes in one. Double crops and high-priced
markets. Sunshine and health-restoring climate.
Thirty thousand more farmers can bnihi substan¬
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and poultry products now consumed annually in
this State. Write us for official information
COLORADO STATE BOARD OF IMMIGRA¬
TION, 314 State House, Denver, Colorado,
WE SELL FARMS in Oceana, best Connty in U. S.
Fruit, Alfalfa, Grain, Vegetables, Stock, Poul¬
try. J. D. S. HANSON & SON, Hart, Mich.
C«|a — Farm of 140 acres: twelve-room
1 0l 5316 house: two barns, 70 by 30 and 45
by 30: other outbuildings ; shade, nut, and fruit
trees. Price, $2,0)0. Terms, $1,000 cash, balance to
suit. HALL’S FARM AGENCY. Oweoo, Tioga County, N. Y
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
607
SAVING THE SEED OF VETCH.
J. C. L ., Louisville, Oa— Will Mr. C. W.
Frescott tell us how to gather Hairy vetch
seed? I have a little growing and wish to
gather the seed.
Ans. — My experience in vetch grow¬
ing is so limited that I do -not wish to
say much about it. The large vetch
growers are the ones to tell how to save
vetch seed. However, my experience may
be of some service to the small grow¬
er who may some time become a large
one. The seed having been sown August
3, 1909, came up well and made a 12 to
15 inch growth before cold weather.
Wintering well, it was about the first
vegetation to start in April, 1910. In
May the plants began to hunt for some¬
thing to climb on. Handy to the field
were quantities of small birches; these
were cut four to seven feet tall and
stuck up in the ground so the vetch
could grow up on them. During May
the vines were assisted in their climbing
so that by June 1 the brush was nearly
covered, and the mass of blossoms will
never be forgotten by those who had
the privilege of seeing them. June and
July in Concord, Mass., were very dry,
hot months, but the vetch seemed to
thrive wonderfully, even on the poor
land. As the blossoms began to pass it
was noticed that the seed pods were
abundant and well filled.
In early July the problem of gather¬
ing the seed had to be solved. How was
it to be accomplished? The vines on
July 19 were disentangled from the
brush which was pulled up and taken
away. Then the vines were pulled up
by the roots and laid in heaps as care¬
fully as possible, so the seed would not
be rattled out. Then they were forked
into a tight floored wagon and taken to
a shed under cover. All this was done
when there was a heavy dew on the
vines, as the seed did not rattle out so
much. The mass of vines in the shed
were turned several times, and later
when quite dry were thrashed out on a
tight floor, and the seed separated from
the chaff. This, in brief, is our simple
method of saving vetch seed. On large
areas, perhaps, the above would not be
feasible. We must creep before we
walk, and, perhaps, the large vetch grower
will tell us all a better way. Right here
I want to say that I have been greatly
helped by the advice and assistance of
Profs. A. D. Shamel and J. B. Norton,
of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Depart¬
ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
C. W. PRESCOTT.
More About Ground Limestone.
It. it/., Ballston Lake, A*. Y. — Wanting
lime for my land, I ordered some from our
local fertilizer agent. I inclose tag taken
from one of the hags. Is it the right kind
to use? What is calcium oxide? I have
been told that it is air-slaked lime, and
that it is not the right kind of lime to use
on our land. Is that so? Our local
agent's price for same is .$11 per ton.
Ans. — The tag states that the lime
contains “50 per cent of calcium oxide.”
It is evidently a ground limestone. The
price, $11 per ton, is too high for this
lime. “Calcium oxide” is the chemical
name for lime, just as chloride of so¬
dium means common salt. The metal
calcium is very rare in pure form, as it
rapidly changes when exposed to air.
When combined with oxygen to form an
oxide it makes the white substance
known as lime. The limestone as found
in the soil is a carbonate, that is, lime
combined with carbonic acid. When
this is burned the carbonic acid is driven
off and the lime is left. A pure car¬
bonate of lime will have in each 100
pounds 5G pounds of lime and 44 pounds
of carbonic acid. Most limestones are
impure, that is, they contain other min¬
erals beside the lime. The one you
speak of is guaranteed to contain 50
per cent of lime instead of 56, which a
pure limestone would have. This is not
a bad sample of limestone, and on soils
that are not very sour or on light soils
it will probably give good results. The
price, however, is too high.
TRUTH ABOUT THE “ SAND HILLS,”
Some time ago I wrote an article describ¬
ing prices and conditions in this portion
of Nebraska known as the Sand Hills, and
it seems to have created considerable in¬
terest among a number of your readers.
In the first place I want to say that I’m
not a grafter; I'm not a real estate man;
I’m not even a locator. As almost the
first thing a person wants to know is the
financial requirements I will state that the
filing fee is $15. At the expiration of five
years when final proof is made, there is an
additional cost of about $18. To file on one
of these claims the applicant must be a citi¬
zen of the United States, not owning more
than 160 acres of land. After filing he
wi' she) is given six months in which to
build a house and establish a homei upon
the land. During the five years residence
upon the land the! holder must put on im¬
provements at the ratio of $1.25 per acre.
For instance, if he takes a full section of
640 acres he must put on improvements
to the value of $800. For a wire fence,
posts two rods apart, three wires; the .’Gov¬
ernment allows $95 per mile.' Now 'as to
the land. It is all hills and _ valleys. “Tlie'
lulls are in ranges, a range being, from one
to 15 miles in length. The valley-shire from
one-half to one mile wide. The hills are
pure white sand, unadulterated. The val¬
leys. are black sand. We usually have"' an
abundance of rain, but no mud. Some of
these valleys are so low that they are
below water level. Some have springs.
These form lakes. In these, which are
called hay valleys, the grass grows from
two to six feet high. In the dry valleys
and on the hills the grass where not pas¬
tured grows from 12 to 20 inches high.
The wet valleys are principally owned by
the cattlemen who have been here for
years, although one sometimes finds an oc¬
casional piece smuggled.
The cattle man figures to run 100 head
of cattle on a section of the grazing land
during the Summer. He reserves some of
his grazing land for Winter and figures
that one ton of hay added to what they
graze will carry a “critter” through the
Winter; hay worth about $3.50 to $4 per
ton. The dry valleys where not too high
will raise good crops and about 2M> tons
of Alfalfa per acre (two cuttings). Land
along the railroad is about all taken, unless
the Government should decide to give up
the forest reserve for settlement. A sec¬
tion of dry land will run about 60 head the
year round. On a good many ranches
horses are fed no hay at all, just rounded
up at branding time.
One man from New York wrote me a
short time ago and among other things
he wanted to know about timber. There
isn't any. There are three box elders and
one small elm here at the section house,
and three cottonwoods and ditto at the
-depot. Fuel? Coal costs $7.50 to $9 per ton.
“Buffalo chips” free for the picking. Along
the railroad folks usually manage to slip
out enough old ties to last through the
Winter and burn “chips” during the Sum¬
mer. I recently sold my land here to a
cattle man, and am thinking of investing in
Missouri timber lands. Now in conclusion,
if you are paying cash rent, giving all you
make each year to the landlord, have to
mortgage your stock to secure the rent,
working just for a living, making nothing,
cut it out. let the landlord farm it himself.
I would advise you to come to the Sand
Ilills. You can stand it five years anyway.
It’s healthy here. Rven if you have noth¬
ing now. you should be able to leave here
at the end of five years with at least
$2,000. Society? None. Church — -about
the same. Schools, a few. Of course this
is baeje , from railroad. Wife and I have
been -here nearly six years. We are here
yet, and are in no hurry to leave. I pre¬
sume -I -have received 50 letters from per¬
sons in different places during my five
or six years here and after describing the
country as I saw it I invariably added,
“Come and see. ' Look before you leap.”
Take no man's word. I have known people
to drop in here who couldn’t get away fast
enough. f. h. brooks.
Grant Co., Neb.
Sam Pone: “Didn’t you buy de horse
dat you was lookin’ at, Ras?” Ras
PIollow: “Naw; I was kinda uncertain
’bout his age. He had one toof, and I
couldn’t tell whether it were de first or
de last.” — Chicago Daily News.
• •
Can’t Get Away From It
Is it possible to nourish, strengthen and Rebuild
the Brain by Food?
Every man who thinks uses up part of the brain
each day. Why don’t it all disappear and leave an
empty skull in say a month of brain work? Be¬
cause the man rebuilds each day.
If he builds a little less than he destroys, brain
fag and nervous prostration result sure. If he
builds back a little more each day, the brain grows
stronger and more capable. That also is sure.
Where does man get the material to rebuild bis
brain? Is it from air, sky or the ice of the Arctic
sea? When you come to think about it, the re¬
building material must be in the food and drink.
That also is sure.
Are the brain rebuilding materials found in all
food? In a good variety but not in suitable propor¬
tion in all. , ,
To illustrate: we know bones are made largely, of
lime and magnesia taken from food; therefore t'o ~
make healthy bone structure we must have -food'
containing these things. We would hardly feed
only sugar and fat to make healthy bone' Structure
. 1
m a growing child. -
A C ' ! -iC
^ . v . \ v *. '(•
Likewise if we would feed in a skilful manner
to insure getting what the brain requires for
strength and rebuilding, we must first know wha.f’
the brain is composed of and then seleG.tL;soiiie
article or articles (there are more than one;) that,
contain these elements.
Analysis of brain by an unquestionable authority,
Geoghegan, shows of Mineral Salts, Phosphoric
Acid and Potash combined (Phosphate of Potash)
2.91 per cent of the total, 5.33 of all mineral Salts.
This is over one-half.
Beaunis, another authority, shows “Phosphoric
Acid combined” and Potash 73.44 per cent from a
total of 101.07.
Considerable more than one-half of Phosphate
of Potash.
Analysis of Grape-Nuts shows : Potassium and
Phosphorus (which join and make Phosphate and
Potash) is considerable more than one-half of all
the mineral salts in the food.
> ■’ ■
Dr. Geo. W. Carey, an authority on the consti¬
tuent elements of the body, says : “The gray mat¬
ter of the brain is controlled entirely by the inor¬
ganic cell-salt. . Potassium Phosphate (Phosphate
of Potash). This salt unites with albumen and by
the addition of oxygen creates nerve fluid or the
gray matter of the brain. Of course, there is a
trace of other -salts and other organic matter in
nerve fluid, but Potassium Phosphate is the chief
factor, and has the power within itself to attract,
by its own law of affinity, all things need'ed to
;mamvfacture the elixir of life.”
Further on he says: “The beginning and end of
the matter is to supply the lacking principle, and in
molecular form, exactly as nature furnishes it in
vegetables, fruits and grain. To supply deficiencies
— this is the only law of cure.”
The natural conclusion is that if Phosphate of
Potash is the needed mineral element in brain and
. you use food which does not contain it, you have
brain fag because its daily loss is not supplied.
On the contrary, if you eat food known to be
rich in this element, you place before the life forces
that which nature demands for brain-building.
Mind does not work well on a brain that is
broken down by lack of nourishment.
A peaceful and evenly poised mind is necessary
to good digestion.
Worry, anxiety, fear,- hate, etc., etc., directly in¬
terfere with or stop the flow of Ptyalin, the diges¬
tive juice of the mouth, and also interfere with the
flow of the digestive juices of stomach and pan¬
creas.
Therefore, the mental state of the individual has
much to do (more than suspected) with digestion.
Brain is made of Phosphate of Potash as the
principal Mineral Salt, added to albumen and water.
Grape-Nuts contain that element as more than
A healthy brain is important, if one would “do
things” in this world.
A man who sneers at “Mind” sneers at the best
and least understood part of himself. That part
which some folks believe links us to the Infinite.
Mind asks for a healthy brain upon which to
act, and Nature has defined a way to make a
healthy brain and renew it day by day as it is used
up from work of the previous day.
Nature’s way to rebuild is by the use of food
which supplies the things required. Brain rebuild¬
ing material is certainly found in
“There’s a Reason”
Postum Cereal Company, Ltd.,
Battle Creek, Mich.
one-half of all its mineral salts.
Grape-Nuts
«08
Hope Farm Notes
I wish you could have been with us for
supper on May 6. The week was ending
better than we expected. The cold winds
kept up until Friday, and then the wind
stopped blowing and the clouds chased
themselves away and gave the sun a chance.
Our belated trees came, the soil was dry
and things began to move. The horses
were going at good speed. Philip was
planting potatoes. Merrill was putting in
peach trees and the hoes were swinging in
the strawberries when a great pillar of
dark smoke shot up behind the hill.
“Fire in the woods l"
That is what we are always afraid of tin
a dry, windy time. If fire should work
into our mulched orchards at this season —
there the orchard would end. So all our
folks ran with varying degrees of speed to
fight fire. We got it out finally, but it
spoiled a half day’s work ! The firefighters
lined up at the table with a determination
to handle supper as they did the fire. If
you had been there you would have boon
good for four helps to baked beans and four
more of rhubarb sauce. Then when you
were not looking I could have filled your
plate again. You would have taken slice
after slice of homemade bread until the
bread maker trembled between pride and
fear that her loaves would not hold out
over Sunday. The sun smiled at us over
the hill with a face as red as the baby’s
hair. In the barnyard, Broker, the new
gray colt who has just made the trip from
Virginia, scraped acquaintance with the
baby chicks which came by express from
Lake Ontario. It was a great ending for
a good day, and after supper as I . walked
out through the young peach orchard I
thought what a fine thing it is to be alive
here at the season when Nature is renew¬
ing her youth. Our peach bloom seems to
have come safely through the cold wave,
the apple trees are loaded with buds and
the asparagus comes in with the first mess
to-morrow.
And that takes my thoughts away from
Hope Farm, for one week ago, on April 29,
I was at Concord, Mass., at the field meet¬
ing of the Massachusetts Asparagus Grow¬
ers’ Association. I would like to tell about
it. Asparagus is to my notion one of the
most promising crops that a careful farmer
or gardener can grow. You never yet sawr
anyone in town who had all he wanted of
it. At present it is a luxury — more so I
think than anything else which may be
ranked as a farm crop. Even if you could
raise so much of it that it would become
a necessity, which means that the price
would be cut in two, it would still be as
profitable a crop as a man could grow. And
the crop is not unlike a man taking his
family through a wolf-infested forest — for
rust and beetles and half a dozen other
evils lie in wait to devour it. So that
asparagus is a crop that w'ill tax the best
powers of any man before he can succeed
with it.
At Concord, Mass., they have worked out
some things about asparagus which cannot
be found anywhere else. He would be a
strange American who does not know why
Concord is famous. Over 130 yea re ago
a horseman galloped through the night out
from Boston, warning the minute men that
the British were coming. From every farm
within miles the farmers came running, and
at Concord bridge and behind some of the
old stone walls yet standing they “fired the
shot heard round the world.” Then at a
later date Emerson, Hawthorne and Tbor-
eau lived at Concord in person, while in
word and spirit they lived in the hearts of
men wherever language is spoken. So we
may say that Concord changed the world’s
political history and also changed the
world's thought. Thus men and women
’ come by the thousand every year to see
where the patriots stood and fought and
visit Sleepy Hollow Cemetery where the
dreamer and the mystic are buried. Mem¬
ory stretches a hand out of the past to at¬
tract these visitors. I would like to help
swell another pilgrimage to view an achieve¬
ment of the present day. I think you will
agree with me that the Asparagus Experi¬
ment Station at Concord in its results is
destined to change both agricultural prac¬
tice and some lines of scientific study and
thought.
The Massachusetts Asparagus Growers’
Association started this work some years
ago. They were driven to it by rust. You
may have heard a rusty wheel screaming
and scraping as it tried to turn under its
load. Well, the rust disease struck the as¬
paragus fields at Concord and threatened to
wipe out the industry. There are some
people you know who scream with the
throat and then faint away. Those Con¬
cord men had ancestors who lamed their
shoulders on the Lexington road with kick¬
ing muskets and they screamed with the
brain and the poeketbook. Their oi’ganiza-
tion is one of the most remarkable groups
of farmers ever called together. They are
never short of funds and do not seem to be
obliged to issue hurry calls for new mem-
>5 J i-’ < - V - W SV ■ A V ; > ■
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER
bers. After looking the asparagus situa¬
tion all over — sending men to California to
study the culture on the Pacific Coast —
these men settled down to the single definite
object of finding varieties of asparagus
which will not rust! Worse “dream” than
hunting for the golden fleece you will say —
but Prof. Norton, who has charge of the
plant breeding, says positively :
“We already have one male plant which
is immune F* What is one plant good for?
Much the same as a purebred bull would be
on an island filled with scrub cattle! Wait
and see what is to come from all this. I
went over to Concord to see what these
men are doing. It will rank in asparagus
culture with what those old farmers did for
independence or what Emerson and Thoreau
did for liberal thought. There ai’e some ex¬
periments which may be dismissed with a
few words. This is one worthy of a full
discussion and 1 shall try to give it. This
Asparagus Association first got strong mem¬
bership and funds. The membei’s are solid
men with influence and character, who
know that when you get anything worth
while you must pay the price for it. They
put up their money cheerfully and went to
the experiment station and the National
Department for help. The result was they
were able to obtain a skillful plant breeder.
Prof. Norton, who came right to the farm
and practically lives on asparagus rust dur¬
ing the season. Then a definite place was
wanted for the experiments. Mr. C. W.
Prescott, one of the best asparagus farmers
at Concord, bought a tract of land which is
in itself an experiment in soil redemption.
This field has been in cultivation for 600
years or more. Long before the white men
came the Indians used it for a garden. The
first settlers used it as a garden or farm
in common, and as the town grew it con¬
tinued to be used for cropping. ' In fact I
thing there are very few fields in America
which have seen longer continuous service
at crop producing. In appearance it seems
like a level, stoneless, sandy loam. We
read of “rocky” New England, but in this
field there is hardly a stone large enough
to throw at a dog. At the back of the
field is a narrow strip thus far uncultivat¬
ed. This will show what Nature would try
to do with such soil if it went back to her.
It looks as if she got discouraged and gave
up the job, for all she produced was a few
scrub bushes and clumps of wild grass.
This field was so poor and mean looking
that when put up at auction a few years
ago no one would even bid on it. Mr. Pres¬
cott tells fne that there are thousands of
acres like it in eastern Massachusetts which
can be bought at .$10 per acre. It is now
producing asparagus at the rate of $400 and
more per acre ! These are facts — $10 land
in use 600 yeai'S producing $400 of a yearly
permanent crop after three years' culture.
But let no “back to the land” di’eamer think
he can duplicate that fact without woi'king
and studying harder than any lawyer or
doctor ever did to acquire reputation and
practice. When 1 was thex’e Mr. Prescott
was plowing out deep trenches for aspara¬
gus. You would have thought this would
Jeave this light loam covered with yellow
subsoil, yet there was hardly a yellow patch
to be seen on an acre. We dug wifh a spade
down below the bottom of the furrow, and
the browu upper soil was at least a foot
deep. It is evident that the agricultural
value of that soil was figured with the eye
alone. The “spade test” would have made
its value apparent. While such land with
these possibilities lies begging for sale and
while millions of people barely taste aspara¬
gus, thousands of strong and able-bodied
young men go and come from the suburban
towns to Boston, where they do an under¬
ling’s work at a few dollars per week.
To some of them these asparagus experi¬
ments will prove a revolution. Not to all,
but to those of whom Emerson said :
“What tests of manhood could he stand?
Take him out of his protections. He is a
good bookkeeper : or he is a shrewd adviser
in the insurance office : perhaps he could
pass a college examination, and take his
degrees : perhaps he can give wise counsel
in a court of law. Now plant him down
among farmers, firemen, Indians and emi¬
grants. Set a dog on him — set a highway¬
man on him * * * and if he have the true
faculty this may be the element he wants
and he will come out of it with broader
wisdom and manly power.”
The meeting was a "demonstration” of
how to plant asparagus. Some 150 people
representing 60 towns and five States at¬
tended, driving to the farm in carriages or
automobiles. There was no hall for hold¬
ing a meeting, and that was a good thing,
for a regular institute or hall meeting
would have taken much of the force of it
away. The people walked right down into
the field where an acre of soil had just
been furrowed out. There the crowd gath¬
ered around Mr. Prescott and Mr. Wheeler
and listened and asked questions. After¬
ward Prof. Norton talked about the breed¬
ing experiments, and what is to be expected
from them. Let it be understood that this
is chemical farming. Stable manure is so
costly and hard to obtain that Mr. Prescott
depends on buckwheat, vetch, clover and
other green manure crops for organic mat¬
ter, and on chemicals for plant fopd. After
a thorough study of the soil and the habits
of the asparagus crop both scientists and
practical men agreed upon a formula for
this soil. Earlier in the day I saw the mix¬
ture put together. The workmen simply
threw the chemicals out of the bags upon
a floor space some 10x12 feet. One bag of
muriate of potash was spread thinly at the
bottom and alternate bags of tankage, ni¬
trate and phosphate poured from the bags
on top. Then the whole thing was shoveled
together. This is the formula for one acre :
Nitrogen P. Acid Potash
1,000 lbs. tankage....
70
100
200 lbs acid phosphate
400 lbs. nitrate soda..
64
28
450 lbs. muriate potash
225
Total .
134
128
225
This was worked over with shovels until
it was about as well mixed as sand and
concrete. Then it was stTeened twice
through a screen with the lumps crushed
by a spade. You will see that this means
about 6% nitrogen, six of phosphoric acid
and 11 of potash. There are two forms of
nitrogen. The muriate is considered tin1
best form of potash. . The lai’ge .per cent
of potash is due to the fact that this ele¬
ment is the one usually lacking in the
lighter soils, particularly in New England.
It is also the element most useful in help¬
ing a plant to resist disease. As ‘will be
seen 2,050 pounds of the mixture are used
per acre. H. w. e.
m
It
.
1
I
i
0W~-,
si
m.
Air Cure Your Hay
It’s Worth a Dollar aTon More
DAIN
If you sell hay, get this dollar clear
profit on every ton . I f you feed your
hay, get the benefit of the better nour¬
ishment in air-cured hay for your
animals. Don’t sun-cure your hay
wheix it’s even easier and quicker to
air-cui'e it with the
STEEL
FRAME
SIDE DELIVERY RAKE
Let hay lie in the swath and the sun scorches it.
robbing it o£ its color and much of itsnour
lshment. In the ordinary close-packed wind¬
row, the air is shut out. But throw it up in
loose, fluffy windrows with a DAIN SIDE
DELIVERY RAKE and the hay is dried
by the air and all the rich juices and natural
color preserved. Moreover, the Dain handles
hay so gently that the stalks are not bruised
anil broken, and the tender leaves and tops
never shattered off. The finest, top-value hay
that can be produced is the result. Besid.es
possessing all the advantages of every other
rake, the Dain Side Delivery Rake has these
Special Features
Teeth may be raised or lowered
Teeth turn with gentle motion
Harmless to tender products
Rakes clean, leaving trash and dirt
All ’ars absorbed by cushion springs
Easy regulation of bevel gears
Easily adjusted to handle light or
heavy hay
Make More Money With Dain Hay Tools
Tliey’re made by hay tool specialists. 28
years of experience back of every machine.
They’re the most simple, the most time and
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line of mowers, rakes, stackers, loaders,
presses, etc. Or write us for descriptive
literature of the tools in which you are
interested. We’ll also send you Eree “All
About Hay” the most practical and valuable
bay book ever published for farmers.
AIN MFG. CO.
802 VINE STREET
OTTUMWA, - IOWA
i
Write Today
We want every farmer in the land to have
our attractive Free Booklet on hay loaders.
It’s fyll of interesting facts and illustrations.
It shows plainly why the simple, light run¬
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durable and altogether the most satisfactory
loader for heavy hay, windrows, light hay,
clover, alfalfa or beans.
It’s the loader that can be depended upon
every hour during the haying season. “No
time out for repairs.”
Let us send you our Free Booklet at once.
Write us today.
LA CROSSE HAY TOOL CO.
THIRTY-FIFTH STREET CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILL.
PALMER HOIST
Horses are busy in haying time. Belt your
gasoline engine to a Palmer Hoist
and unload your hay. Can be used
for hoisting ice or anything
where a lioister is used.
Price $35
If you have no gaso¬
line engine, we can sell
you a Palmer Self -oiling
fi II. P. engine for $1.23.
Catalogue Free
PALMER BROS
CoHcob. Conn.
HAY
CAPS
Stack, Implement, Wagon
and Farm Covers, Water¬
proof or Plain Canvas.
Plant Bed Cloth.
Waterproof Sheeting, Tents, etc.
Henry Derby, 123-Y Chambers St., NewYork
May 20,
Digging asphalt from Trinidad Lake for Genasco
Genasco
the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing
What is the first and
greatest thing to expect
of a roof?
Stay waterproof.
Trinidad Lake asphalt
is Nature’s everlasting
waterproofer; and that is
what Genasco Roofing is
made of. It gives lasting
protection.
The Kant-leak Kleet keeps
roof-seams watertight without ce¬
ment, and prevents nail-leaks.
Gives an attractive finish.
Ask your dealer for Genasco Roofing
(mineral or smooth surface) with Kant-
leak Kleets packed in the roll. Write
for Good Roof Guide Book and samples.
The Barber Asphalt
Paving Company
Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready rooting in the world.
Philadelphia
New York San Francisco Chicago
Cross-section Genasco Model Roofing
Crushed Quartz
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated W oo I Felt
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Burlap
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
End Roof Expense
! Forever!
You will not have roof repair bills to worry
you after you put Edwards Interlocking Reo
Steel Shingles on your house, barn or farm
buildings. You are protected from fire, light¬
ning, leaks or roof decay.
$10,000 Lightning Bond. We guarantee
every Edwards roof against lightning with a
$10,000 bond. Our patent interlocking device pro¬
tects the nails and prevents rusting and leaking
at the joints.
Edwards REO Steel Shingles
FACTORY FKICES-WE PAY THE
FREIGHT. Aswearetho largest makersof iron
nnd steel roofing material, we are in a position
to give you the very lowest prices with freight
prepaid.
Write for New Free Catalog No. 573
which is full of valuable roofing information.
Send us the dimensions of your roofs and wo will
quote you the low cost or n Reo Steel Shingle
Roof delivered to your railroad station. Ask for
our Specinl introductory offer to represent us in
your community.
THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING CO.
523-573Lock St., Cincinnati, Ohio (46)
Monarch
MONARCH MACHINERY C.O,
Hydraulic
Cider Press
Great strength and ca¬
pacity; all sizes; also
gasoline engines,
steam engines,
sawmills, thresh*
ers. Catalog free.
609 Terminal Bldo- New York.
fastest Hay Press
Tons Per Hour
Jreater capacity is guaranteed in all Spencer
‘ressea The guarantee with our Alligator
>ress says “22 tons in lOhours or no pay .” Large
eed capacity— smooth and compact bales, um-
orm in size. Load full weight into cars. Ail
Spencer Presses are biggest money makers ue-
ausetbey give greatest capacity at liny
mallest operating and repui r cost. jriu . j 11 Guaranteed
Vrite today for Kree illustiated / f'C - . Capacity
atalogB. B. describing full line._
J. A. SPENCER
01 William St., Dwight, III.
1911.
THE RURAE NEW-YORKER
609
Ruralisms
GRASS FOR SOD GROWING.
Seed Mixtures for Lawn and Fibre.
F. C. S., Ridgewood, N. J. — Will you ad¬
vise me what kind of grass I could sow
with Timothy so as to get a good close*
heavy sod? It seems Timothy alone makes
a very poor sod. I would like to sow some
grass with it that makes a heavy, close and
long-rooted sod. I use the sod in the green¬
houses, and as my soil is very light I want
to get all the fiber I can with it.
Ans. — Timothy is far from being the
most suitable grass for producing fib¬
rous turf on light soils. Red-top, Ken¬
tucky Blue and the Bent grasses, such
as Rhode Island and Creeping Bent,
known also as Fiorin, are much to be
preferred for the purpose. If Timothy
is to be used, a mixture of 15 pounds
Timothy and 25 pounds each Red-top
and Kentucky Blue to the acre, followed
by a separate sowing of 10 pounds of
White clover, should give satisfactory
results. A few pounds each of Rhode
Island Bent and Creeping Bent grass
would likely prove useful additions, as
grasses grow better in mixture than in
pure stands. Timothy is bunchy in habit
and should be omitted in lawn sowing
or where sod is wanted for other pur¬
poses than greenhouse compost. Most
lawn mixtures are composed of the
grasses above named, with the admix¬
ture of the stronger growing Rye
grasses for immediate effect and of
Sweet Vernal grass for its agreeable
odor when cut. White clover is always
useful as a nitrogen gatherer and on
account of the binding effect of its
creeping stems, though the spotty effect
of its white blooms is sometimes con¬
sidered objectionable.
Kentucky Blue grass is the most
permanent and satisfactory of all dwarf
grasses for turf making where it thrives,
and usually ends by crowding out all
other kinds, but requires several years to
become well established, and is conse¬
quently seldom sown alone for the pur¬
pose. A mixture of equal parts by weight
of Red-top and Kentucky Blue grasses at
the rate of five bushels to the acre has
been found to be about the most suit¬
able seeding for general lawn and sod¬
making purposes. This may well be fol¬
lowed before covering with White
clover at the rate of 10 or more pounds I
to the acre as above advised if this use¬
ful legume is not especially objected to.
Sod growing for commercial purposes
has been found profitable in many lo¬
calities where there is sufficient demand
for lawn making, door-yard decoration I
and even greenhouse compost. The
price of good sods varies from one to
2 Yz cents the square foot according to
locality. Many a plot of suburban and
village land has in recent years yielded
more than its real estate value by the
sale of its covering of marketable sod,
which can usually be replaced in two or
three years time and at a comparatively
nominal cost for seed, fertilizer and
labor. Sod and top soil are now recog¬
nized commodities where suburban de¬
velopments are extensively carried on
and may often be seen in transport by
the carload. As an acre of sod may re¬
turn over $400 at the very moderate
price of one cent per square foot, it can
be seen its culture is not without inter¬
est. The main requirements are deep
plowing and thorough fining of the soil,
liberal applications of fertilizer, either
in the form of yard manure or appro¬
priate chemicals, including lime, care¬
ful seeding with adaptable grasses as
above outlined, close and frequent mow¬
ing, and occasional heavy rolling. The
last is quite necessary to counteract the
loosening effect of frost and the dis¬
turbances caused by earthworms and
moles. The covering of small grass
seeds a£ter sowing is best accomplished
by hand raking or the use of weeders
and light harrows. v.
Ants in Lawn.
B. B. J., Flemington, N. J. — Will you tell
me what to put on my lawn to drive away
a large colony of black ants? They are at
work under a young maple, so that I do not
want to use anything that would kill the
tree. The grass, of course, could be re¬
seeded if that was killed.
Ans. — The best way to get rid of the
ants is by using bisulphide of carbon.
Notice where the ant-hill is ; then with a
stick punch several holes in the ground
about 10 inches deep. Into each hole
pour one ounce of the bisulphide, and
immediately press the earth down tight
with the foot. The poisonous gas from
the bisulphide spreads all through the
ant-hill, and is quickly fatal. It is rare
that more than one application is needed.
Remember, in using this substance, that
it is extremely inflammable, and it is
dangerous to bring it near a light or
lighted cigar.
Mice Gnawed Trees.
When we went out this Spring to prune
our young apple trees we found that the
field mice had girdled four trees entirely,
four almost entirely, and had gnawed some¬
what on nine others. I happened to have
L. H. Bailey's book on pruning, and as
there are others to whom this book is not
accessible, and who. like myself, may find
their trees injured, I will copy the remedy
for It :
“Trim away the rough edges of the bark,
apply an antiseptic (a wash of Bordeaux
mixture is recommended). Then cover the
entire surface with melted wax and bind it
up with cloth bandages." Foot note to
above : “The following recipe for tree wax
is excellent : Into a kettle place one part
by weight of tallow, two of beeswax and
four of rosin. When completely melted
pour Into a tub or pail of cold water and
work with the hands, which should be
greased, until it develops a grain and be¬
comes the color of taffy candy.
“Fruit trees may be saved in this way,
even if the girdle completely encircles the
tree and if they are as much as a foot
long, if the treatment is applied before the
wood becomes hard and dry. If the tree is
particularly choice, or if the girdle is un¬
usually serious, or of long standing, espe¬
cially if the wounds extend into the wood.
It may be advisable to supply a connection
between the’ separated parts and the trunk.
The edges of the girdle are trimmed and
scions are inserted under the bark, so as to
bridge the wound. These scions are cut to
a wedge shape on either end, as for or¬
dinary cleft grafting, and are inserted be¬
tween the bark and the wood. A cloth
bandage is tied around each edge of the
wound to hold the bark in place over the
scions, and melted wax is then poured over
the entire work, covering the exposed wood
and also the edges of the bark, for a couple
of inches or more back from the wound. It
will do no harm if the scions are burled in
the wax. Care should be taken that the
scions do not send out shoots from their
buds.” E. E. D.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
FEED YOUNG GIRLS.
Must Have Right Food While Growing.
Great care should be taken at the
critical period when the young girl is
just merging into womanhood that the
diet shall contain that which is upbuild¬
ing and nothing harmful.
At that age the structure is being
formed and if formed of a healthy,
sturdy character, health and happiness
will follow ; on the other hand unhealthy
cells may be built in and a sick con¬
dition slowly supervene which, if not
checked, may ripen into a chronic condi¬
tion and cause life-long suffering.
A young lady says :
“Coffee began to have such an effect
on my stomach a few years ago that I
finally quit using it. It brought on head¬
aches, pains in my muscles, and
nervousness.
“I tried to use tea in its stead, but
found its effects even worse than those
T suffered from coffee. Then for a long
time I drank milk at my meals, but at
last it palled on me. A friend came to
the rescue with the suggestion that I try
Postum.
“I did so, only to find at first that I
didn’t fancy it. But I had heard of so
many persons who had been benefited
by its use that I persevered, and when I
had it made right — according to direc¬
tions on the package — I found it grate¬
ful in flavour and soothing and strength¬
ening to my stomach. I can find no
words to express my feeling of what 1
owe to Postum !
“In every respect it has worked a
wonderful improvement— the headaches,
nervousness, the pains in my side and
back, all the distressing symptoms yielded
to the magic power of Postum. My brain
seems also to share in the betterment ol
my physical condition ; it seems keener,
more alert and brighter. I am, in short,
in better health now than for a long
while before, and T am sure I owe it to
the use of your Postum.” Name given
by Postum Company, Battle Creek. Mich.
“There’s a reason.”
Ever read the above letter? A new one
appears from time to time. They are genu¬
ine, true, and full of human interest.
This Little Insect
Causes all your
Wormy Apples
IN case you do not spray, 20 to 40 percent, of your yield
is likely to be lost on account of the codling moth.
Swift s Arsenate of Lead will save you po per cent
of what you would otherwise lose. In hundreds of orchards
sprayed last year with Swift’s there was hardly a wormy apple.
One spraying with this wonderful
insecticide outlasts two to four with
old-fashioned materials, because it
sticks through even heavy rains.
It is fatal to leaf-eating worms
and insects. Easy to apply.
Write for our new book. It covers
apple culture from planting the
trees to gathering the fruit. Clear,
plain, simple and reliable. It is free.
Give your dealer’s name.
nierrimac CHEMICAL CO.
31 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
SPRAYERS
Test
These
Sprayers
With Your
Money in
Your Own
Pocket.
f v™°7ERk potato and orchard
>■ ER J0T bl8 growers. Most powerful
JS.a,lfI«e»,niade’ an(* 10<> gallon tank for one
xT0„rsp,8' lump has all brass working
rmwp’n adjustable to rows as machine
Cyo,lo,ne agitation, automatic
f^jaf^alve. Powerful pressure produces vapor
spray that prevents blight and kills bugs. V
Trial Costs You Nothing
made. High pressure, perfect agitation,
brass ball valves, plunger, strainer, etc. Works
automatically as you push it along. Saves labor
and time and will pay for itself first season even
on one acre.
We Guarantee All Our
Sprayers For 5 Years
and ship them on FREE TRIAL without a cent in
advance. Write us acard or letter today and sav
which sprayer you are interested In and we’ll
send you FREE our
catalog and spraying
guide and special free
ofter for first in your
locality this season. Be
first to write and save
money.- Wo pay freight.
The H. L. Hurst Meg. Co.
2815 NORTH ST., CANTON, OHIO
Don’t Put Off Painting —
It Will Prove Costly
The longer you put off painting
the more oil and lead the job
will take.
While yon wait your buildings
rot, exposed to the weather.
The cost of paint made of
^ ^ ^'i “ Dutch Boy Painter”
white lead and pure linseed oil is not
so high as you may think.
For an average house, the cost now
of tiiis genuine old-fashioned, mixed-
to-order pure white lead paint is not
more than $4 or $5 greater than it
used to be. Much cheaper than
repair bills.
Write for our free
"Painting Helps No. 1808”
NATIONAL LEAD
COMPANY
NewYork Cleveland Chicago
St. Louis Boston Buffalo
Cincinnati San Francisco
^ (John T. Lewis A Bros. Co..
- Philadelphia)
(National Lead and Oil Co..
Pittsburgh)
Q PR A Y Adopted by the N.Y .State FruitGrowers’Aa.’n
OrnAI IT WILL BAY YOU TO USE EITHER.
u
PASTE OR POWDERED
FOR ALL LEAF EATING INSECTS
RESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTERS ahoAGENTS WANTED
KEY BRAND
RIGHT PRICE and MATERIAL
^FUNGICIDE and INSECTICIDE
USE
INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO.
14 BAYVIEW AVE..JERS EV CITY. N J
WRITE FOR PRICE5.CIRCULARS ETC. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED!
$192*
and up
BREEZE
Motor- Vehicle
Special Agency Offer
To establish fifty new agencies we
are making a special summer offer.
Write today for full particulars — a
chance to enjoy life and make money.
The Breeze is a reliable
automobile for $192. 50 and up;
runs anywhere you'd send
a horse and buggy ; 1 ow up¬
keep; simple, speedy, safe.
The Jewel Carriage Co.
Dept. I. Cincinnati, O.
SPRAY
FRUITS AND
FIELD CROPS
l and do whitewashing in most effectual, economical,
rapid way. Batigfaction guaranteed. BROWN’S
POWERR Auto-Sprays
I ie fin*d wl,h -8 u to- 1* op Nozzle-
r 0rdin\'T »pr»jer». Endorsed u. Ex-
I ponment St.tionB »nd 300,000 others, do etyles and
) fj-f* °* h“d »n<1, Bpnjers — also price.
1 wV,!1U''bl* aPrMing K tilde in our Free Book.
Wrlto postal now.
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY
2 8 Jay at, Rochester, N. Y.
Steel Wheelsn
That’s So! Hired hands are
getting scarcer every day:
but LOW DOWN STEEL
WHEELS will help to take
their place. Then, too, the
sun don't affect a steel wheel
[tlike it does the best of hired
[help. More bi’ain and less
muscle nowadays. Cata¬
logue free to you.
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.
Box 17, Havana, 111.
BEES
1IOW TO MAKE THEM PAY.
The pleasures, the work and the
. . profits of bee keeping are fully covered
j in “Gleanings in flee Culture." Six months' trial sub¬
scription, 2o cents. Write tor book on Bees and free
catalog— both free.
THE A. I ROOT COMPANY, Box G5, MEDINA. OHIO.
INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL
75 cents per hundred. $10.00 per ton. F. O. B. As
ville, Pa. Send for FREE booklet “ How to Grc
Alfalfa.” Dr. H. SOMERVILLE, Chest Sprint
Cambria County, Pa.
HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINOS
Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a.prinfi
wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.,f
■bring more money. Aslc for special proposition. I
UuntJ Spring Co., Uy-lJthSt., Haifa., WU.|
GUARANTEED
vY' V-
bZrm
(>< ‘
Dreer’s Garden Supplies
A full line of Garden Tools, Spraying Implements and
Materials, Lawn Mowers, Rollers, Rakes, etc., also
Fertilizers for lawn and garden. Write for catalogue.
Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa.
eio
May 20,
The Rural New-Yorker
TOE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER
A National Weekly Journal for Country and Suburban Homes
Established tsco
Published wcskly by the Rural Publishing Company, 409 Pearl St., New York
Herbert W. Coltjngwood, President and Editor.
John J. Dilloit, Treasurer and General Manager.
Wm. F. Ditxon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Koyi.e, Associate Editor.
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union. $2.04, equal to Ss. 6d., or
marks, or 10J^ francs. Remit in money order, express
order, personal check or bank draft.
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Advertising rates 00 cents per agate line — 7 words, discount for time ordei-s.
References required for advertisers unknown to us ; and
cash must accompany transient orders.
“A SQUARE DEAL”
Wc believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬
sible. person. Hut to make doubly sure we will make good any loss to paid
subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler advertising in our
columns, and any such swindler will be publicly exposed. We protect sub¬
scribers against rogues, but we do not guarantee to adjust trifling dilfercnces
between subscribers and honest, responsible advertisers. Neither will we be
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of
the transaction, and you must have mentioned The Rubai. New-Yorker
■when writing the advertiser.
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CENTS.
In order to introduce The R. N.-Y. to progressive,
intelligent farmers who do not now take it, we send it
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬
poses. We depend on our old friends to make this
known to neighbors and friends.
*
When President Taft fails of any other argument
for reciprocity he advances this one :
“Try it anyway. If it turns out badly Congress can
repeal it.” '
If that is an argument what objection can there be
to applying it to parcels post? Why not try that,
President Taft? If it does not pay, or is unpopular,
Congress might try to take it away from us !
*
I wish information in regard to teachers, where con¬
sumption has gone through the family ; where the mother
died with it and four or five children died with it ; one
died last Spring. Is it lawful in New York State for
such a person to teach school? E. s.
There have been several questions like the above.
There is no law in New York which restricts the
employment of such teachers. Such employment
comes within the discretion of the school authorities.
If the school board found that the teacher was con¬
sumptive it would be justified in refusing to hire him,
and he should not teach. There is no reason how¬
ever, why a person should not be permitted to teach
simply because his relatives died of tuberculosis.
*
We come back once more to Senator Page of Ver¬
mont. His scheme for learning public sentiment
ought to be engraved. You remember that the local
newspapers favored reciprocity because they were told
to do so — and thought it would give them cheaper
paper. Senator Page asked to he told, and he found
that the people he represented were opposed. The
newspapers did not represent them. Now the point
is that whenever the people of a State see fit to
take interest enough to make their representatives
understand the thing they want will be done. The
newspapers and the “interests” cannot drop them
when they once mean business. We shall call this
experience the “Senator Page act,” for it writes a
new page in our history as a free people. Play the
“Senator Page act” for parcels post.
“Mr. Hill — I am a good deal interested in the question
of revenue, and I want to know whether it is going to
take these things in. 1 ask the gentleman the question in
good faith, to get the gentleman’s understanding of it.
“Mr. Sims— To give the gentleman an honest answer,
I will say that I have not studied the bill.
“Mr. Hill — But the gentleman is going to vote for it.
“Mr. Sims — Yes.
“Mr. Hill — The gentleman is going to vote for it any¬
way ?
“Mr. Sims — Yes.
“Mr. Hill — Whether it has any effect on the revenue or
not?
“Mr. Sims — Yes.
“Mr. Hill — I would like to ask the gentleman whether
this bill is a bill for a tariff for revenue or a tariff for
protection or a tariff for free trade?
“Mr. Sims— The present bill? Why, on its face it’s a
free trade bill, as far as it goes.”
The above illuminating dialogue is taken from the
Congressional report. The so-called “farmer’s free
list bill” was up for discussion. Congressman Sims
spoke in favor of it, but admitted that he had not
studied it, did not know how it would affect the
nation’s revenue — in fact did not know much of any¬
thing about it except that his party favored it and he
thought it was in the direction of free trade. It
was a “farmer’s” bill, mind you, but probably two-
thirds of the members in Congress had never studied
it and did not know or care what real effect it would
have upon the business of farming. One party
favored it— the other opposed it. That was enough
for the average member. “Farmer” is a good name
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
to play politics with, but what chance does the man
on the farm have when Congress “settles” great
public questions in this way? There will never be
anything better until the farmer makes his influence
felt by compelling Congress to separate farm interests
from party politics. There is no way to do this
except by forming a political group like the Ger¬
man agrarians. We do not intend to say that our
farmers should stand for the same policy which these
Germans have supported. Some of the German
agricultural demands are not suited to this country
but the general principle of banding together ,to
secure farm legislation is one which our farmers must
sooner or later adopt.
*
Over 500 of our farmer readers have expressed
their opinion regarding the Canadian reciprocity bill.
Of this number about 20 favor the bill j.ust as it
stands without objection. Their argument is that it
is a step toward lower tariff rates. About 98 per
cent of those who have expressed an opinion oppose
the bill. About 10 per cent of these will oppose any
hill which interferes with the present tariff. Some
of them want tariff duties higher than they are now.
The remainder — about 85 per cent of all — argue that
the proposed bill is unjust to farmers, that it robs
them of the small share of protection which our tariff
affords, that it will depress agriculture in the border
States and that it begins a plan to develop this coun¬
try as a manufacturing nation at the expense of agri¬
culture. The great majority of those who write us
state that the present tariff is too high. They would
be willing to give up a fair share of their so-called
protection if other interests were made to share pro¬
portionately in the reduction. We believe that this
view expresses the conviction of a great majority of
our intelligent and thinking farmers. * It must be
said that they have lost confidence in the desire or
the ability of either of the old parties to give agri¬
culture a fair deal on the tariff or other great public
questions.
The contest over reciprocity in the Senate has now
assumed a character which will put many of the farm¬
ers who have written us in a false position. When
the bill was first introduced the “protected interests”
were disposed to let it go without much argument or
protest “Reciprocity” might provide cheaper food
for town workmen. That might stop the “high cost
of living” cry so that these workmen would vote for
high tariff on manufactures while retaining free trade
in food. It was a great scheme — this holding up the
price of manufactured goods and at the same time
inviting free world’s competition in farm products.
To the surprise of everyone the farmers made a stub¬
born and powerful fight for what they considered
common rights. This seems to have given the high
protectionists a new light. They are evidently back
of the pressure now being brought to bear upon the
Senate. “The farmer” may be put at the front, but
behind him will be found, pulling the wires as of old,
the “interests” which have for years fattened on their
special tariffs by giving the farmer five cents of benefit
while they took their dollar. For the ’past 40 years
the Northern farmers have fought the fight of high
tariff and kept it alive, with little business benefit and
great political injury. It will be a shame if they
are now to be used like a stalking horse to benefit
the “interests” which do not dare to come out in the
open and argue for a special privilege. We can see
how many a farmer can put up a strong and con¬
scientious argument against reciprocity, but they
should not permit themselves to be misrepresented by
other “interests.”
*
Montclair, New Jersey, probably takes the lead in
local legislation to get rid of mosquitoes. Any citi¬
zen of that town permitting a pond or puddle of water
to contain “wigglers” or young mosquitoes will he
fined $10 per day 1 There must be evidence that the
“wigglers” are found in this pond, and that the man is
responsible for it. As we have often pointed out, the
mosquito breeds only in stagnant water, and if pains
are taken to prevent such water from standing the
curse will be removed. One of the best things you
can do is tec interest the children. Get them to recog¬
nize the “wigglers” in stagnant water and have them
make it a business to empty all cans or bottles or any¬
thing that will hold water. The mosquitoes will live
in the most unexpected places if they can find water —
vases in cemeteries, tin cans, old bottles, water pipes,
or the cup of a grindstone. Let us all remember that
mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, while house flies
breed in horse manure. If you think we talk too much
about mosquitoes, remember that the scientific men
now claim positively that the worst forms of malarial
diseases get into the human system through the bites
of mosquitoes 1
The last Legislature of New Jersey passed a law
compelling drivers of wagons to carry a light at night.
The sense of it follows :
Every vehicle drawn by horse, horses or other beasts
shall carry during the period from 30 minutes after sunset
and 30 minutes before sunrise, and whenever fog renders
it impossible to see a long distance, at least one lighted
lamp, which said light shall be of such nature and so. dis¬
played that it may be seen both from a point at least 200
feet distant in the direction towards which the vehicle is
proceeding and from a point at least 250 feet in the direc¬
tion from which the vehicle is proceeding. The penalty
is from $2.50 to $5.
We do not know whether this would apply to a
hand cart or wheelbarrow, both of which have caused
serious accidents in the night. The law is a good one
and should he enforced. Last Fall a man was killed
in our neighborhood by a carriage which did not show
a light.
*
The Commercial Club of Norfolk, Neb., is work¬
ing on the right theory. Norfolk; is in a farming sec¬
tion. The wealth and business of the town must come
directly out of the soil. Anything that helps the
farmers must help the town. Make that section recog¬
nized as headquarters for superior live stock or farm
products and new business will come to the town. So
the Commercial Club is importing the finest Belgian
horses it can find and selling them to fanners at cost.
The result will be that in a few years Madison County
will be noted for high class draft horses. Buyers will
come, Norfolk will become a horse market, and the
farmers will get more of the consumer’s dollar. This
Commercial Club can import horses cheaper than an
individual farmer could, and is surer of getting su¬
perior stock. Here is a form of cooperation which
is sure to pay. Many a country town could well
imitate this work and use its influence to help the
farmers who support it.
*
You may think the Hope Farm man is paying a lot
of attention to asparagus culture. There is more to
this than you think. The production of asparagus is
bound to become a great industry, for there are un¬
limited possibilities in the change of a luxury into a
necessity. It means an increase in the demand by one
hundred fold, and that is what is coming to asparagus.
Better even than this is the work of that Asparagus
Association. We do not know of any more striking
results ever obtained by an organization of farmers.
These men singled down their needs to one thing —
a commercial variety of asparagus that would resist
rust. They did not attempt anything else, but put
their money and their time into that one tiling.
Within a few years several varieties far more im¬
mune than any now on the market will be on sale
by the trade. We can all get a good lesson out of
this. Let us pick out one strong thing and put all
our energies back of it. That is one reason why The
R. N.-Y. has hammered away for parcels post for
years. It is the great issue before the people to-day,
both for what it means directly and the indirect re¬
sults as well. As the case now stands, parcels post is
of greater importance to our farmers than Canadian
reciprocity.
BREVITIES.
Mr. Prescott of Concord ought to know how to grow
etsparagus. He says any soil that will grow corn will an¬
swer.
A “pure olive oil” from Italy recently examined by the
Agricultural Department was found to be almost entirely
cottonseed oil.
Danger to stock from poison sprays conies when thick
drainings or too much liquid is poured in a puddle.
Ordinary spraying is not dangerous.
There are still some people who think Bordeaux mix¬
tures will kill the scale. Get over the idea. Bordeaux is
intended to destroy or prevent plant diseases — not insects.
In some sections land “blows away.” High winds drive
the lighter soils off in dust and expose the grain roots.
Straw or light manure will help. In some cases farmers
actually plow light furrows at intervals of five rods or
so. This is reported from North Dakota.
West China is developing as a wheat growing section.
One great thing is the fact that in one pro-vinee 1,000,000
acres once given to growing poppies for opinm is now in
wheat. Thousands of Chinese coolies carry loads of 200
pounds for 500 miles or more with no food except wheat,
beans and peas.
The Immigration Department of the Canadian Pacific
Railway states that since the opening of the immigrant
season this Spring $6,000,000 in settlers’ belongings have
entered Canada over their line. This does not include
Manitoba and North Portal, where 3,548 settlers with 512
cars of effects, valued at $750,000, are recorded.
A pew years ago we told of a New York farmer who
gets two crops a year from a low drained meadow- The
Summer crop is corn. After this is. taken off the meadow
is flooded and a big Winter crop of ice is harvested. The
Germans beat this in carp growing. The carp ponds are
emptied every year or so and grain crops grow on the
pond bottom. Then the water is let back and carp fat¬
tened once more.
1911.
THR RURAE NEW-YORKER
eii
OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY.
Talking Back to Senator Jeff Davis.
To Senator Jeff Davis:
In the Congressional Record of April
10 you are reported as appearing on the
Senate floor as the champion of E. G.
Lewis, and as a defender of his publi¬
cations. You express your admiration
of him as a business man, and your ap¬
proval of his papers as a service to
womanhood. We discard the suggestion
that this was merely a bid for cheap
notoriety on your part. We are not
prepared to believe that you spoke with
a knowledge of the facts. We are in¬
clined to believe that you hastily ac¬
cepted the protests of Mr. Lewis and
his friends as made in good faith, and
that relying on this exclusive informa¬
tion you believed that Mr. Lewis was
conducting an honest publishing busi¬
ness, and that he was the publisher of
legitimate and worthy publications. It
would have been wiser to have informed
yourself more fully before delivering
yourself of such an unsparing endorse¬
ment of the Lewis schemes ; but we
have no disposition to criticize an honest
error.
We, however, take the liberty to give
you some voluntary information. Here
it is : For the last 10 years Mr. Lewis
has been working confidence sphemes
on country people. The principal func¬
tion of his papers has been to sell
“gold bricks” to his readers. It is
estimated that he got from these people
in all about $10,000,000. Much of it he
promised to return at definite fixed
times with great profits. He has re¬
fused to return it at all. The profits
they never got. He got the money from
children, from widows, from orphans,
from w’orking girls, from washerwomen,
from cripples, from the aged and infirm,
from old soldiers and superannuated
ministers of the Gospel, and from peo¬
ple whom he induced to mortgage their
homes and their farms to share the
wonderful profits he promised them.
Some of these deluded victims have
since died, piteously appealing to Mr.
Lewis to return the money to provide
the necessities for their last hours.
Others are appealing to him yet in a
blind faith . in humanity, that no one
could be so dishonest and cruel as to
keep it. Some of them are completely
dependent. He is as indifferent to the
appeals of widows on behalf of sick
and fatherless children as he is to the
dying appeals of husband and father
in behalf of those dependent on him.
Don’t be misled by his lying pretense
that this all happened because the Gov¬
ernment interfered with his bank and
his publications. Most of these com¬
plaints come from people who sent him
the money on new schemes since the
Government interfered. The Depart¬
ment could not fully rescue his early
dupes, but it did give them an oppor¬
tunity to recover part of their loss, and
furnish an intimation for the protection
of others. You interfere with the busi¬
ness of the safe-breaker and the pick¬
pocket when you apply the law to their
trade. The Government simply applied
the law established for the protection of
its subjects to the Lewis enterprises.
The details of his schemes to get
money from country people would take
volumes to relate. The schemes were
laid, with a forethought and cunning
worthy of a better cause. The amount
each dupe could contribute was limited.
It would not do to take enough from
anyone so that he could afford to ap¬
peal to United States courts. The vic¬
tims must be widely distributed. It
would not do to get too many dissatis¬
fied victims together. Numerous com¬
panies must be formed. If you became
dissatisfied with one paper certificate,
you could have another — an old fake
trick. He added $5,300,000 to a com¬
pany already grossly over-capitalized,
and by hysterical appeals and gross mis¬
representations induced his dupes to
buy over a million of it. After three
years without profit, he declared a divi¬
dend of 18 per cent, which had not been
earned, promising to pay it in install¬
ments, and actually paid V/2 per cent.
Then he offered the stock at par, and
sold more of it. The balance of the
dividend never was paid, but we can tell
you where stock was bought and paid
for on the strength of that promised
dividend. Perhaps you think it was not
declared for that purpose. When sell¬
ing this stock he promised that a pool
of rich men had been formed to redeem
the stock when the purchaser met a
necessity for selling. Do you think the
lie helped sell stock? He capitalized a
few stopper patents for another million ;
and we can direct you to boys whom he
induced to buy it at double its face
value. Neither of these stocks was ever
worth the paper the handsome certifi¬
cates were written on. They are not
worth so much now. He advertised
notes secured by a first mortgage on
real estate, and when he got the re¬
mittance he sent an unsecured note, of
doubtful value. He made promises to
induce people to send him money on
"Readers’ Pool” certificates; and broke
the promises. He repeated the promises
and again broke faith on building cer¬
tificates. He induced many women to'
send him money for subscription pur¬
poses, under the promise that he would
make them members of a League with
millions of dollars of endowments. He
now admits that instead of the millions
of cash in hand, the so-called League
is several hundred thousand dollars in
debt. He promised that all these stocks
and notes and certificates would be ex¬
changed for bank stock. It was a lie.
When notes became due, he wrote the
holders to send them in for cash pay¬
ments, if cash was wanted. It was an¬
other lie. Lie got the notes out of their
hands, but did not return the cash. Read
his papers for three years and see how
he lied about membership in the League.
Last August he got to his limit for cash,
on the old schemes, and promised to
turn over everything he had in the
world to some sort of a straw-man who
was to issue debentures to pay all his
debts. Read his paper for six months
following and see how he lied about this
scheme. That failing, he now has a
new scheme to get all of the evidence
of indebtedness and criminality out of
the hands of his deluded dupes. It is
the judgment of every disinterested
business man and lawyer familiar with
his affairs whom we have consulted
that he has been insolvent for years,
that he has no paying business, and that
he has kept up an appearance with the
money borrowed from country people
on these schemes.
This, Senator Davis, is part of the
record of the man you have championed
in the United States Senate. Are you
proud of your hero?
Bankruptcy.
We have the following dispatch from
St. Louis : —
Claud D. Hall, local attorney represent¬
ing creditors from all parts of the country,
has filed involuntary bankruptcy proceed¬
ings in the United States District Court
against Lewis Publishing Company, and
also a suit to foreclose mortgage against
the University Heights Realty & Develop¬
ment Company and People’s Savings Trust
Company, trustee in mortgage dated .lune
4, 1909, and for appointment of receiver
for real estate covered by said mortgage,
and a temporary restraining order was
granted.
Aniong other allegations in the pe¬
tition it is charged that Lewis paid
$114,000 for the property in the Realty
suit and sold it to the Company which
he controlled for $537,788.16, and on the
day of the sale issued a mortgage for
$537,788 and sold the notes secured by
the mortgage to various persons of all
ages and sexes throughout the United
States ; that no interest has ever been
paid on the notes except the first six
months, which was paid in advance, and
it is alleged as a bait to get people to
invest in the notes. Taxes on the prop¬
erty have not been paid since 1906, and
suit is pending in the county for four
years’ taxes. This is charged as a vio¬
lation of the deed of trust. In addition
to this the People’s Savings Trust Com¬
pany, trustee, had never given any se¬
curity, although it has trusteeships of
six million dollars with paid-up capital
of only $400,000. Further that L. B.
Tebbetts, chairman of the board of di¬
rectors, to whose credit a deposit of all
monies was to be made that were re¬
ceived from the sales of lots covered by
the mortgage, was adjudicated a bank¬
rupt on February 13, 1911. Lie never
gave any security for his trust and the
court is asked for his removal and the
appointment of a receiver for the prop¬
erty. The deed of trust in this case,
which the people had a right to expect
to be in due shape and legal form, is
alleged to be a mere pretense and made
for the purpose of Lewis’s Realty Com¬
pany and Trust Company controlling this
property and the proceeds thereof al¬
most indefinitely.
It is also charged that the Trust Com¬
pany had authority to convey any or all
of this property without the consent of
the holders of the notes and without
surrender or payment of these notes.
This proceeding looks like the begin¬
ning of the end of the Lewis schemes.
The attempt to form a board of trus¬
tees under the control of John H. Wil¬
liams seems to have failed, partially be¬
cause publishers with a reputation to
sustain were not willing to become a
party to it, and further because creditors
were unwilling to surrender their evi¬
dence of claims to Mr. Williams. It
has been intimated by Lewis’s agencies
that there was really nothing in the way
of assets left in the Lewis Publishing
Company, and that in the case of the
bankruptcy proceedings there probably
would not be enough of assets to pay
the cost of the action. Whether this is
so or not, the suspense may as well be
over, and creditors may as well know the
worst as to delude themselves with vain
hopes.
Creditors of these two companies
have now only to place their claims
where their interests will be protected.
The attorney in this case is Mr. Claud
D. Hall, 705 Olive Street, Saint Louis,
Mo. Claims sent to us will go in with
our other claims. We will gladly look
after the interests of our subscribers or
their friends; and will not receive nor
accept any pay for the service; but these
claims will now need to be looked after
by attorneys at St. Louis, and the
usual 10 per cent, will probably be
charged by them on the amount col¬
lected.
EVENTS OF THE WEEK.
DOMESTIC. — Two men were killed and a
score of others injured when unknown per¬
sons on May 3 dynamited two box cars
standing in the Kirk railway yards at Gary,
Ind., in which a number of Italian laborers,
employes of the American Bridge Company,
were sleeping. . Rivalry between Chicago
labor agents is advanced by the Gary police
as a. possible clue to the outrage. The
victims of the explosion were hired through
Joe Macaluso’s labor agency, 382 Clark
street. Chicago. Because of his success in
this line Macaluso has incurred the enmity
of the Black Hand and he has himself twice
been the victim of dynamite plots.
As a result of probing the Franklin Coun¬
ty, O., grand jury May 3 indicted five mem¬
bers of the Ohio General Assembly on the
charge of soliciting bribes. One legislative
attache was indicted on the charge of aiding
and abetting in the solicitation.
The Treasury Department May 3 issued a
statement confirming the report of the ac¬
ceptance of the offer of the counsel for
Duvcen Brothers for the settlement of the
civil snit pending against them for the
fraudulent importation of works of art and
antiques at the port of New York. The
amount to be paid by Duveen Brothers in
the settlement is given as $1,180,000.
The severest sentence ever imposed on a
violator of the local option law in Douglas
County, Ill., was given to Horace W. Sor¬
rells by Judge Dolson at Tuscola, Ill., May
3. Sorrells was sentenced to 300 days in
the connty jail, was fined $4,900, and must
pay $550 court costs.
Nearly a score of miners in the Hartford
mine of the Republic Iron and Steel Com¬
pany, at Negaunee, Mich., were cut off from
escape when the timbering took fire May 5,
and seven are dead. The fire began on the
third level of the mine 400 feet under
ground. It is the theory that some care¬
less miner left a lighted candle too near
the woodwork of the shaft. As soon as the
fire was fonnd to be serious the 100 men
were notified. Some gained the surface by
the cage, while others made their way
through the Cambria mine, adjoining.
Forest fires May 7 swept over territory
estimated at ten square miles in Rhode
Island and the neighboring parts of Massa¬
chusetts. In South Kingston three men were
cut off and one was burned to death. The
damage will amount to many thousands of
dollars. The most serious fire began near
Larkins Pond, in the town of South Kings¬
ton, early in the day. The village of Kings¬
ton, near the Rhode Island State College,
was in danger of being wiped out, and the
whole force of students and faculty of the
colleget numbering over 150 men, turned out
and with shovels, brooms and brush aided
the farmers in saving their homes. This
fire burned over a space of between four
and five square miles. Several buildings
in town were destroyed. These include a
sawmill, near which was 800 cords of wood
cut and piled up. Fire in Oakland, near
the town of Cranston, swept over 50 acres of
timber land. Another in Seekonk, just ovo<
the State line in Massachusetts, covered 30
acres. Both the Attleboros had extensive
fires May 7. In North Attleboro a tract
three miles square was burned over and
much standing timber was destroyed. In
Attleboro the fire department fought all day
to protect houses threatened by two fires.
Three forest fires surrounding May’s Land¬
ing, N. J„ May 7, destroyed thousands of
dollars worth of timber land before they
were put out by hundreds of fire fighters.
Automobilists on the country road from
Philadelphia to Atlantic City had to pass
through clouds of smoke. Trains on the
electric railway between McKee City and
May’s Landing passed through flames on
either side of the tracks.
Settlers living along the Minnesota-On-
tario boundary fear a repetition of the dis¬
astrous fire of last Fall, when some forty
or fifty people were burned to death, a
dozen or more towns razed to the ground
and millions of feet of valuable timber went
up in smoke. Never was the bush so dry
or the water so low in the rivers and creeks.
May 8 big forest fires were raging to the
north of Beaudette, Minn., and in the vicin¬
ity of Williams, and conditions are ideal
for the already large fires spreading. Al¬
ready a number of settlers have been burned
out and reports of loss of life have been
received, but as yet need confirmation. That
some persons have lost their lives is as¬
sured, for there would be but little chance
for escape for a number of settlers home¬
steading in the bush country. The towns
of Quitico, Hunters Island and Frog Creek
are in grave danger, and their residents es¬
caped in relief trains. Fires are raging in
the valuable timber limits to the north of
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, and already
millions of feet of timber have gone up in
smoke and a number of homesteaders have
lost all they had. May 8 the fire got into
the limits of Hudson's Bay Junction and
Mafeking, but with the relief sent by the
Canadian Northern Railway, combined with
the efforts of the entire population of the
two towns, the buildings were saved except¬
ing a few on the outskirts. Forest fires are
burning in Houghton, Ontonagon, Keewenaw
and Baraga counties in the upper peninsula
of Michigan, particularly in the neighbor¬
hood of Rockland, Chasscll and L’Anse and
near Otter Lake, the centre of a rich farm¬
ing district. Many farms were destroyed at
Otter Lake. Fires started May 8 in timber
lands west of Calumet on the shores of
Lake Superior and the lower lake region
Is covered with dense smoke.
DIARY OF FARM WORK.
Busy Week on a Fruit Farm.
This is the first of a series of reports
of farm labor which we hope to print dur¬
ing the year. We want them as widely
scattered as possible, and would like to
have them as clear in detail as this excel¬
lent report from Mr. King. Can we have
volunteers for the work?
Monday, April 24. — Finished grafting 123
plum trees to-day. There was a block of
140 set for Reine Claude seven years ago
this Spring, and only nine were true to
name ; the rest have never had a dozen
plums on, and they were small yellow ones,
and there are no blossom buds on this
Spring. They were very strong, vigorous-
growing trees, and wo put in from eight
to 12 scions in each, leaving enough limbs
to take up the sap and shade the bodies
pretty well ; shall fasten burlap around the
bodies later to be sure to keep them from
sunscald. We put on 2,200 pounds of fer¬
tilizer on a block of 500 Iron Mountain
peach trees, 700 pounds muriate of potash,
1,500 pounds acid phosphate. It took two
men just one hour to mix this ami load
half of it on a wagon ; sowed this by hand,
about 4% pounds to a tree. We used no
nitrogen, as there wex'e about 25 loads of
stable manure put on this ground last Win¬
ter. We had three teams plowing and
one pulling stumps, and three men setting
trees.
Tuesday, April 25. — finished pulling 500
nine-year-old peach trees to-day ; it took
three men and a team 1 y2 day, used a
heavy hay rope and one pulley block ;
hitched the rope ahead and pulled six to
eight trees without backing up. Our rope
was hax-dly heavy enough, as we had to
splice it several times, and we had to cut
occasionally a i-oot. These trees were set
for Chairs Choiee, but have been practically
worthless. They were of the Crawford
type, and somewhat resembled the Chairs
Choice, but they were surely not purebred*
The root growth was strong and healthy,
but the trees were weakly. From the bud
up something was the matter. We are
going to set Elbertas this Spring in the
holes where we pulled out these trees. One
team has been subsoiling for another block
of trees, one plowing with gang plow, and
one harrowing. The rest of the men have
been setting cherry trees.
Wednesday, April 25. — Started spraying
again this morning, and the engine balked,
so we got another man and hitched on to
the hand sprayer and used that. Two men
and a team dug 629 holes this forenoon.
We stake the ground out one way, then
turn two heavy furrows out, and subsoil
the middle furrow. The hole digger is a
largo spade fastened to a standard and
beam with handle something like a ditching
plow ; this we hitch onto a sulky in place
of the plow. The team straddles the fur¬
row, one man drives and the other digs
the holes. One team has been plowing in
the gooseberries with a gang plow, and one
team plowing under the trees with a set-
over iron on ; we don’t use a one-horse
plow much now, as we can do better work
with a team. Began making some moixe
lime-sulphur to-day ; we thought we had
enough to take us through the season, but
have let our neighbors have some, and
have done more spraying than we expected.
The rest of the men have been setting trees.
Thursday, April 27. — We got the engine
started again this morning, and it worked
well for about four hours and then balked
again. A balky engine is worse than a
balky horse ; pulling, pushing, coaxing or
scolding don’t do a bit of good. We have
about 2,000 more peach trees we haven’t
sprayed, but they are varieties that curl-
leaf does not damage unless it is a very
bad Spring, so think we will not try to
use the engine any more this week but
give it an overhauling and have it ready
for the apples next week. We have sprayed
about 17,000 trees this Spring with one
hand and one power sprayer. This weather
is hustling things ; had to spray our goose¬
berries this afternoon with the hand rig ;
nearly finished 5,000 to-night. Finished
setting the 029 trees this morning, pulled
up our stakes, took them, puddling tub
and tools and moved to the block we pulled
the trees on and got to setting there. The
teams wei'e plowing and harrowing all day.
Friday, April 28. — WTe finished making
our lime-sulphur mixture yesterday ; two
men made 16 barrels in a little less than
two days, testing 27 to 29 degrees Beaume.
Finished pulling wood from the vineyard
and burned the brush and set ti’ees with
the men to-day. It is quite a slow job
to set where we pulled the stumps ; there
are a good many roots left. Evei-ything
didn’t go quite smooth again to-day. One
man broke a plow beam and another broke
an iron that clamps the handle onto one
of the gang plows. I guess we have to
get steel plows, and then — how I would like
to have talked to the px-esident of that
company ! This is the third one of these
clamps * we have broken, and they could
just as well have been made out of mal¬
leable as cast iron.
Saturday, April 29. — Fnished raking and
burning brush to-day in our peach orchards.
We find the best thing we ever used is one
of the old revolving wooden rakes ; it gathers
it up pretty clean and will haul a good
load. When I was a young fellow I bought
one of those rakes and raked the wheat
stubble on my father’s and uncle’s farms
for half, and I made enough to pay for
the i-ake and $10 besides. This was cradle
stubble ; 1 grew an inch on that deal. We
nearly finished setting ti’ees to-day, set
in some gooseberries, and did several odd
jobs. I had one man with me setting out
a lot of odd trees, about 30 varieties of
peaches, cherries and apples that we have
not tried before. We do some experiment¬
ing. This has been a hot, busy week. One
week ago to-day it snowed by spells all
day, and the buds had hardly begun to
start, and to-night there are some apricots,
Burbank plum and sweet cherries in bloom.
With quite a little balking and breakage
we have done a lot of work this week. All
hands have earned their wages and quit at
five o’clock, so as to wash up and get ready
for Sunday. The boss and some of them,
too, go to church and Sunday school.
Tompkins Co., N. Y. T. H. king.
612
5TMFC RURAL NEW-YORKER
May 20,
Woman and the Home
From Day to Day.
MORTALITY.
Ye dainty mosses, lichens gray,
I’ressed . each to each in tender fold,
And peacefully thus, day by day,
Returning to their mold ;
Brown leaves, that with aerial grace
Slip from your branch like birds a-wing,
Each leaving in the appointed place
Its bud of future Spring ;
If we, God’s conscious creatures, knew
But half your faith in our decay,
We should not tremble as we do
When summoned clay to clay.
But with an equal patience sweet
We should put off this mortal gear,
In whatsoe’er new form is meet
Content to leappear.
Knowing each germ of life lie gives
Must have in Him its source and rise,
Being that of His being lives
May change, but never dies.
Y'e dead leaves, dropping soft and slow,
Yre mosses green and lichens fair,
Go to your graves, as I will go,
For God is also there.
— Dinah Muloek Craik.
♦
Vienna steak calls for a pound of un¬
cooked steak chopped fine, as for Ham¬
burg steak, seasoned with salt, paprika,
and minced chives or tender green
onion tops. Roll out on the floured
board, form into small flat cakes, and
fry in butter. When cooked, remove the
meat cakes and put on platter in the
oven while making thickened gravy in
the pan. The gravy may have a little
thick sour cream added to it if liked ; the
foreign recipe calls for this.
*
While the shops show plenty of hand¬
some lingerie blouses a great many
women do not think them as dressy as
the silk or chiffon waist matching the
suit. For this reason we still see the
transparent over-blouses in color match¬
ing the suit, which are to be worn over
waists of lace or embroidery. Newer
models this Spring combine sheer wash
materials of white or cream with colored
silk, satin or etamine. Some of these
have a shallow yoke of the lingerie ma¬
terial continuing down the outside of the
sleeve like a band ; others have deep cape
or sailor collars of embroidered batiste
or linen. Sometimes both yoke and
sleeves are of the lingerie material, em¬
broidered in a color matching the rest of
the waist.
*
Challis has come back, and is now a
favorite material, most of the fashion¬
able patterns including a border. Most
of the styles seen have cream-white
grounds with flowers or small figures to
match, including the border. In making
up these materials some of the fashion¬
able one-piece models are selected, a
piping of silk or satin of harmonizing
color often being used in combination
with the border. The material is also
offered in solid colors with a little spot
or figure of white or some light color.
It is a very useful material, light, and
yet giving a little warmth on damp or
chilly Summer days. The price varies
from about 50 cents to $1.50 a yard, the
fine French bordered challis being the
highest in price.
*
In a recent speech before a woman’s
club in New York James Walsh, the
Commissioner of Weights and Meas¬
ures, explained how the manufacture of
glass had become very profitable since
certain packers had taken over whole
factories for the production of glass jars
to hold bacon and were now selling four¬
teen ounces of bacon in a two-ounce jar
at the price of a pound of bacon. “Since
bacon retails at 31 cents a pound and
glass is worth about 6 cents in the
open market you can see the profit
on the glass,” said Mr. Walsh. He
gave the women good advice about
marketing, urging them to buy in
person, so they could watch the
weighing and measuring, instead of tele¬
phoning and giving a dishonest dealer an
opportunity for cheating, and he also ad¬
vised them to use accurate scales and
measures at home to check up their pur¬
chases, though he asserted that there
were no family scales on the market that
would pass muster with his department.
Among retail cheats he explained the use
of “chicken sinkers,” metal weights of
half a pound. He deftly slips on of these
inside the chicken when he weighs it; it
is removed before the bird is delivered,
and the customer is none the wiser. Be¬
tween short packages and short weight
there is no doubt a heavy loss for the
consumer; every dealer is not dishonest
by any means, but the evil is sufficiently
common to make every housekeeper re¬
alize the wisdom of careful purchasing.
*
A very rich and beautiful conserve is
made from blood oranges. Free the or¬
anges completely from rind and white
tissue. Slice them across and remove all
seeds, as they seem to impart a bitter
quality to the preserve. For a cupful of
pulp or two medium sized oranges use
half a cupful of sugar and a quarter of a
cupful of water. Put the mixture into a
pan lined with enamel and absolutely
free from cracks or nicked corners
where there may be danger of contact
with the metal foundation beneath. Let
it boil until the fruit is soft and sur¬
rounded by a jellylike syrup. A good
way to test it is to pour a little of the
juice into a saucer and set the saucer on
ice. If it hardens to a soft jelly it is
done. Put away in small cups or glasses.
This conserve has a very delicate flavor,
quite distinct from orange marmalade, in
which the peel is used.
★
As a neighborly hint, the incident re¬
ported by the Youth’s Companion seems
to have been effective, as thus related:
“No,” said Eben Slocum, “we aren’t
much given to surprise parties or com¬
bination gifts here in Cedarville, but
once in a while we do band together,
when we see real need. For instance,
we gave Lem Fowle a load o’ good shin¬
gles last Spring — seven or eight of us
neighbors did.”
“How did that happen?” asked the
Summer resident.
“It happened after more or less talk
about the way Lem’s roof looked,” said
Mr. Slocum, “and considerable feeling
about the way that boy o’ his cut up in
school an’ in church.
“We sent the load with a kind of an
explanatory note to Lem, and he took the
shingles and made good use of ’em —
both ways.”
“Both ways?” echoed the listener.
“Why, yes,” and Mr. Slocum looked
rather tried at such an exhibition of dull¬
ness. “We wrote him that we cal’lated
by the way his roof leaked an’ his boy
acted that he was out o’ shingles, and
couldn’t afford to buy any. I should
think ’twas plain enough. ’Twas to Lem,
anyway.”
Homemade Floor Coverings.
A. E. F. asks about inexpensive floor
coverings, and as to whether carpet-rags
can be worked up at home and save the
cost of weaving. In reply, our editor
says : “Braided and hooked rugs are the
only carpet-rag coverings we know that
are made without weaving.”
Terms mean different things to differ¬
ent people, and I am not sure whether in
the above the term “hooked” means cro¬
cheted or something else. There are
several ways of using the carpet rags,
and I have tried all of them I think, and
if my advice is worth anything I can give
my opinion in mighty few words, and
it is : Don’t use any of them. In the
first place, one must consider the fact
that where a pound and a quarter of
rags will make a square yard of woven
floor covering, it takes a good many
more to braid, hook or knit a piece of
equal size. This means more time and
rags in the preparation, and when the
time and strength given to the actual
making is added to it, the result secured
is a heavy, dirt-holding rug that can
never be shaken or whipped to a satis¬
factory degree of cleanliness and is,
practically, ruined by washing. In most
places weavers charge 25 cents per
■square yard for weaving, and furnish
the warp, and the rugs are lighter,
smoother, stronger, much more easily
cleaned and vastly more durable than
any homemade product can be.
After crocheting an entire carpet for a
small, queer-shaped hall, making rugs,
both large and small, by every known
method of work, I speak from experi¬
ence, both in making and using, when I
say that for all-around satisfaction the
knit rugs are decidedly the best of the
homemade varieties. For this work I
use large wooden needles, which may be
made at home if one has a couple of
pieces of hard wood and a little patience.
The work is simply knitting back and
forth, using the simple garter stitch, un¬
til the strip is long enough — as long as
the rug is wanted — and, when several
strips are made, sewing them together.
If a bordered end is wanted, plan to knit
in the desired stripes at each end of the
strips and then match them when sewing
the strips together. Crocheted rugs are
much easier to make if strips are cro¬
cheted and sewn together, and come next
to the knit ones in point of durability
but, whatever the style of making,
strong rags must be used or they quickly
break when handling the rugs, as there
is no warp to relieve the strain. As
our editor said, such rugs are in fashion
again, and there is a certain kind of
pleasure in making them, but all the
satisfaction is gone when it comes to
trying to keep such floor-coverings
clean and wholesome, for the owner
may shake and whip until tired out and
the dirt still hangs in the rags. For
small rugs where one stands by the
table, by the stove or at other places
where the floor quickly shows soil and
wear, the rugs are not half bad, and
are restful because thick, but for larger
rugs to take the place of carpets my ex¬
perience prompts me to give a verdict
against them. eva ryman-gaillard.
ASK FOR
As man was created for health, so
was mankind created for happiness; and
to speak of its misery only, though that
misery everywhere seem everlasting, is
only to say words that fall lightly and
soon are forgotten. Why not speak as
though mankind were always on the eve
of great certitude, of great joy? Thither,
in truth, is man led by his instinct,
though he may never live to behold the
long-wished-for tomorrow. — Maeter¬
linck.
PRINTS
Dependable dress-goods
are worth ten times their
weight in satisfaction, be¬
cause they are “worth
making up.’’
Simpson-Eddystone
Fast Black Shepherd
Plaids and Stripes
are remarkable Prints for
high quality steadily main¬
tained since 1842. Three
generations of thrifty
women have depended on
these well-known calicoes
for their enduring cotton
fabric, beautiful designs,
and color that is unmoved
by soap, sunlight or per¬
spiration.
Show this advertisement to your dealer
when you order, and don’t accept sub¬
stitutes. If not in your dealer’s stock
write us his name and address. We’li
help him supply you.
The Eddystone Mfg. Co., Philo.
Founded 1842 by Wm.Simpson Sr
SAVE HALF Your
Paint Bills
By using INGERSOLL PAINT— proved
best by 66 years’ use. It will please you.
Only Paint endorsed by the “Grange."
Made in all colors, — for all purposes.
DELIVERED FREE.
From the Mill Direct to You at Factory Prices.
INGERSOLL PAINT BOOK — FREE
Tells all about Paint and Painting for Durability.
How to avoid trouble and expense caused by paint*
fading, (‘balking and peeling. Valuable information
free to you. with Sa nple Color Cards, Write me. DO
IT NOW. I can save you money.
0. W. Ingersoll, 24b Plymouth St., Brooklyn, H.Y.
iissssi
Safeguard your home. The DODD SYSTEM of
protection is the standard. Only system endorsed
by 2000 insurance companies. Lowers insurance
rates. Agents wanted. Fine, large Lightning Book
with vivid lightning scenes, free. Address
D00D & STRUTHERS, 437 6th Ave., Des Moines, la.
SPLENDID CROPS
jlL Saskatchewan (Western Canada)
800 Bushels From 20 Acres
of wheat was the thresher’, re¬
turn from a Lloydminster form
in the season of 1910. Many
fields in that as well as other
districts yielded from 25 to 35
bushels of wheat to the acre.
Other grains in proportion.
Large Profits
are thus derived from the
F REE HOMESTEAD
LANDS of Western Canada.
This excellent showing causes prices
to advance. Land values should double
in two years’ time
Grain growing, mixed farming,
cattle raising and dairying are all
profitable. Free Homesteads of 1 60
acres are to be had In the very best
districts; 160-acre pre-emptions at
$3.00 per acre within certain areas.
Schools and churches in every set¬
tlement, climate unexcelled, soli
the richest; wood, water and build¬
ing material plentiful.
For low settlers’ railway rate, and illustra¬
ted pamphlet, * ‘Last Best West, ’ ' and other in¬
formation, write to Sup’t of Immig. Ottawa,
Can., or Can. Gov’t Agt. (52)
Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada, or
Canadian Government Agent, 30 SyracuM
Savings Bank Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
i
See California Now
Never before has this State been so
prosperous. Ideal climate, moun¬
tain scenery. Limitless oppor¬
tunities for the vacationist. Enjoy
three days of pleasant travel via
Union Pacific
Southern Pacific
Standard Route of the West
Electric Block Signals
Excellent Dining Cars
For literature and information call on or address
J. B. DeFriest, G. E. A.,
287 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
1911.
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
613
Dry Mops and Bagged Brooms.
Every housewife should have a good
wall brush, if she has expensive paper
on her walls, but for ordinary wallpaper
the dry mop and the covered broom are
both. useful in cleaning the overhead and
side walls of the house. The skirt of
knit undershirts make a good bag, the
same as outing flannel. Any knit cotton
or woolen material will make a good
dry mop. An extra mopstick is no great
expense, and a partially worn broom can
be trimmed evenly and covered. While
both a dry mop and covered broom are
not actually necessary, yet both can be
used to good advantage, the broom for
the ceiling, and the mop for the side
walls, the portion above the picture
moldings, and the moldings also, much
better than the broom ; as the cloth in
a mop hangs free and can be used with
an up and down movement, and across
the top of open doors, door and win¬
dow frames. The bagged broom is not
only good for walls, overhead and side,
and hardwood floors, but also for mat¬
ting, when used before the regular
broom, as the dust can thus be collected
in lint-like rolls and easily removed.
The dry mop is especially recom¬
mended for keeping bed-slats clean. By
standing on one side of a bed and then
on the other a mop can be rubbed the
length of each slat four times, and if
followed by a whisk broom along the
side pieces and by a cloth on other ex¬
posed places, a bed can be kept com¬
paratively clean each month in the year
without taking it apart, or even remov¬
ing the bedding, a matter that makes a
dry mop worth while the same as a
bagged broom. medora corbett.
When Lemons are “It.”
At this season — what our forebears
called “between hay and grass” — the
housekeeper is busy thinking what is
possible for the dinner dessert. Apples
are gone, and the canned fruit has
melted away with the Winter’s snow.
The little remaining must be hoarded;
actually placing it on the “emergency
shelf.” Now, we find the lemon our
friend in time of need. It has tonic
properties little valued because we are)
simply using it as a passover between
apples and strawberries. Its virtues are
there, and there would be many less
complaining of dyspepsia and out-of-
commission livers if lemons were on the
daily menu.
Lemon Pie. — Grated rind and juice
of one lemon, one cup white sugar, two
teaspoonfuls cornstarch and twcr of
flour, one teaspoon butter, two large
cups boiling water, yolk of one egg.
Mix the starch, flour and sugar dry,
Add the egg, lemon and butter and mix
again. Turn over these the boiling
water, stirring constantly till it boils.
Turn immediately into the baked crust.
When cold spread over it the beaten
white of egg and sprinkle evenly over
this two teaspoons- of granulated sugar.
Do not bake. Using part flour gives a
better result than all cornstarch, which
makes too hard a pie.
Raisin Pie. — This has two crusts and
should bake slowly, like a mince pie.
Cover one-half cup seeded raisins with
one-half cup warm water and soak till
fully their natural size. Beat one egg
and one cup sugar, add juice and grated
rind of one lemon, add the water from
the raisins and chop the raisins with
two crackers. Stir all together and
place in . crust. Dust over one table¬
spoonful flour before adding top crust.
Canned cherries may be used in place
of raisins.
Lemon Filling. — Grate carefully the
yellow from one lemon; squeeze the
juice into bowl, add one whole egg and
one cup white sugar. Mix thoroughly
and spread between cake layers. Do not
cook. Easy and very good.
Lemon Cake. — One cup white sugar,
two eggs (or reserve the white of one
for frosting), two tablespoonfuls melted
butter, three tablespoonfuls cold water
and one of lemon juice, one-fourth tea¬
spoonful soda and one Heaping teaspoon¬
ful baking powder, one and one-fourth
cup flour. Bake in loaf.
LILLY ELY LITTLE.
The Rural Patterns. Amber Marmalade.
When ordering patterns ahvays give Shave one orange, one lemon and one
number of pattern and measurements grape fruit very thin, rejecting nothing
Serpentine Crepe
Nation
Eaters ^
The people of the United States
are known all over the world as a
Nation of dyspeptics. We don’t take
time to eat properly or to eat proper food.
Everyone would live longer— be healthier. '^'M
feel better, do better work, and do it with
greater ease if more time were taken in eating
and more UNEEDA BISCUIT eaten. UNEEDA
BISCUIT are the most nutritious of all foods
made from flour. UNEEDA BISCUIT are -gj
always fresh, clean, crisp and good.
UNEEDA BISCUIT are muscle mak-
ers and brain builders. In short,
Uneeda
Biscuit.
Never sold
in bulk
the moisture-proof
package
mmmrnmmm it com pahy
desired.
The child’s kimono shown .includes
plain sleeves and is finished with a band
that is rolled over at the neck to give a
collar effect. China silk, cotton crepe,
albatross, washable flannel, lawn, batiste,
all the materials that are used for ki¬
monos are appropriate for this one. The
kimono consists of the smooth fitted
6915 Child’s Kimono, 1, 2 and 4 years.
yoke and the full lower portion that is
gathered and joined to the yoke. The
sleeves are cut in one piece each and a
band is joined to the neck and front
edges. For the 2-year size will be re¬
quired 4 yards of material 27 inches
wide, 2l/> yards 36 or 2 yards 44 inches
wide, 2)4 yards of ribbon 4 inches wide
for bands. The pattern No. 6915 is cut
in sizes for children of 1, 2 and 4 years
of age; price 10 cents.
The smaller pictures include 6974,
fancy tucked blouse 34 to 42 bust. 3
yards of material 27 inches wide, 2^4
yards 36, 2 yards 44, )4 yards of all
over lace 18 inches wide, Ft yard 20
inches wide for trimming, for medium
size. 6977, house jacket with fitted back.
34 to 44 bust. With high neck, deep
collar or with square neck, with elbow or
long sleeves or with short plain sleeves.
3)4 yards of material 27 inches wide, 2)4
yards 36, 2*4 yards 44, 3j4 yards of
bandifig, for the medium size. 5916,
men’s plain outing shirt. 34 to 44 breast.
To be made with collar or neck-band or
6977
6974
wristbands or with or without yoke. 4%
yards of material 27 inches wide, 3*4
yards 36, for medium size. 6694, girl's
dress, with five-gored skirt, V-shaped or
high neck. 10 to 14 years’, 6)4 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 6 yards 36, 3)4
yards 44, 10*4 yards of banding 2)4
inches wide, 2 yards of ruffling, for 12-
year size. 6980, seven-gored petticoat
with habit back, 22 to 32. 6*4 yards of
material 27 inches wide, 3)4 yards 36 or
44, 3 yards of embroidery, 2)4 yards of
insertion, 2 yards of beading, for medi¬
um size ; price 10 cents.
but seeds and cores. Measure the fruit
and add to it three times the quantity
of water. let it stand in an earthen
bowl over night. Next morning boil 10
minutes only. Let stand another night.
The second morning add pint for pint
of sugar and boil till it jellies, which
will be somewhere about two hours. I
put the fruit on to boil and put my
sugar in the oven to get warm, then add
a cup or two of it at a time so the fruit
will not stop boiling. I know not
whether other folk do that way or not.
The nicer and less bitter the fruit, the
less bitter the marmalade. The less it is
stirred, the clearer it will be. Select the
best fruit. mrs. m. b. m.
More About Shoe Numbers.
Having received much help and many
suggestions from The R. N.-Y., I take
pleasure in making a small return by
answering some questions about those
“mystifying shoe numbers.” W. LI. H.,
on page 407, gives Mrs. J. C. the why
and wherefore, but does not give the key
to it. The explanation is this : The
row of figures stamped on the inside
lining of the shoe gives the size. It
consists of about seven figures, at least
an uneven number in sizes up to 10.
The middle number is the size number ;
the last one gives half sizes, for ex¬
ample: 73810 is a No. 8, 56635 is No.
6J4, 481030 is No. 10. The remainder of
the figures are manufacturer’s lot num¬
bers. _ c. H.
Intensive Farming.
They used to hayo a farming rule
Of forty acres and a mule.
Results were won by later men
With forty square feet and a hen.
And nowadays success we see
With forty inches and a bee.
— Wasp.
FOR ALL THE FAMILY
ALL THE YEAR !
You would dress
in the height of
fashion if you could.
And you may I
Select the famous
Serpentine Crepe
for
Spring
and
Summer
street
and
outing
dresses, gowns, loung¬
ing robes, shirtwaists,
kimonos, wrappers,
children's dresses, etc. It’s the recognized cotton
crepe of highest quality; the designs are artistic
masterpieces in exquisite color combinations that
captivate fastidious women, while white, black,
gray and all the rich and effective tints make Ser¬
pentine CrSpe of greatest use for all the family, all
the time. The crinkle is permanent. It will neither
wear out, wash out, nor stretch out.
The longest wear and greatest crepe value
are fully 'guar- iKpjilNanteed by this Pacific Mills
trade mark on every piece of the genuine.
Look for it and refuse the imitations, for
beauty and economy’s sake.
If your dealer doesn’t carry the genuine trade
marked Serpentine Crgpe, write ns for free .• atopies
of fabric and list of dealers who will supply y„u.
PACIFIC MILLS - BOSTON, MASS.
10 DAYS FREE TRIAL
We ship on approval without n rent
deposit, freight prepaid. DON’T
PAY A CENT if you are not satisfied
after using the bicycle 10 days.
DO HOT BUY
at any price until you receive our latest
art catalogs illustrating every kind of
bicycle, and have learned our unheard of
prices and marvelous new offers.
nuc PPHT is all it will cost you to
Wilt vkll I write a postal and every¬
thing will be sent you free postpaid by
return mail. You will get much valuable in¬
formation. Do not wait, write it now
TIRES, Coaster - Brake rear
wheels, lamps, sundries at half usual prices.
Mead Cycle Co, Dept. W80 Chicago
FUMA
5J, It i 1 1 s Prairie Logs,
Woodchucks, Gophers,
and Grain I nsects.
“The wheels of the gods
grind slow but exceed¬
ingly small.” So the weevil, but yon can stop their
with “Ftima Carbon Bisulphide are doing.
EUWAKI) R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y.
014
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER
May 20,
Live Stock and Dairy
HIGH DAIRYING IN WALL STREET
The common report is that Wall
Street farmers keep a good quality of
bulls and bears at pasture — feeding the
former on hayseeds and the latter on
lambs. Few of us would, from choice,
select either animal for a milk dairy, yet
the Wall Street pastures are more profit¬
able than the “green hillsides of home.”
We have just received this letter- from
Litchfield Co., Conn.
I enclose a circular which may interest
you. It looks as if agriculture" were be¬
coming prosperous if it can find its way
into Wall Street, but I have not noticed
that farmers in my neighborhood are get¬
ting more for their milk than before. In
fact, I was. told recently that the man who
has the shipping station here, had cut the
price to one-quarter cent less than Xeu
York Stock Exchange price, so that some
shippers have left him and are sending
their milk to Bridgeport. E. D. c.
The circular referred to is from a
New York broker who offers for sale
stock in the Sheffield Farms-Slawson-
Decker Co. This company sells milk in
New York City — buying from farmers
mostly in Southern New York. The
circular offers preferred stock in this
company and to show how good an in¬
vestment it will be makes the following
statement :
Year Ending Year Ending
Dec. 31, 1909 Dec. 31, 1910
Gross sales. . .$4,450,947.69 $5,394,071.90
AJof oovninnrc; A Ofi 1 O 70 A rtA OVkiY A O
Net earnings. . 420,619. 78
Depr eciation
and other de¬
ductions ... 147,453.30
450,806.48
150,330.58
Net income. . . $279,160.48
Dividends paid 122,439.80
$300,469.90
78,369.23
Surplus for
year . $150,720.02
Balance sur¬
plus brought
forward .. . 797,568.59
$222,100.07
954,295.21
SUBSTITUTE FOR CALF’S MILK.
Please give me a grain mixture to feed
young calves with very little milk.
Knox Co., Me. F. H. F.
Oil meal and wheat middlings are
both excellent grain feeds for young
calves. During the past Winter we
raised three calves, with very little
skim-milk, by making a gruel of equal
parts by weight of the above feeds. Our
method is to mix the meals dry, adding
a pinch of salt, then stir into boiling
water, cook a few minutes, then remove
from the stove and add what milk wq
happen to have left over from our cus¬
tomers. If oil meal alone is stirred into
boiling water it is apt to form a lumpy
gruel, but when mixed with middlings
there is little difficulty. Both cornmeal
and ground oats are recommended by
some authorities for young calves. If
oatmeal were used it would be well to
sift out the husk. c. s. M.
>3
.! **3
V'
Cow comfort and cow sanitation result in more
cow profits, and that alone should induce any
farmer or dairyman to seek these conditions.
Louden Sanitary Steel Stallsand Stanch¬
ions double the lightandair in a barn and insure
perfect ventilation, perfect sanitation— a result
impossible with any wooden equipment. Yet
LOUDEN STALLS AND STANCHIONS
are actually cheaper. Louden stalls of heavy
tubular steel, with malleable fittings, have no
flat surfaces for dust to accumulate — easy to keep
clean and almost indestructible.
Louden stanchions give cows more comfort
than other makes, yet keep them perfectly lined
up. Throat chains prevent cows from lying
down when milking. Simple and very durable.
Latch easily opened or closed with gloved hand,
but ean’v be opened by animal. Send today
for free catalogue of sanitary, money-saving
barn equipment.
LOUDEN MACHINERY CO., 601 Broadway, Fairfield, la.
Total surplus. $954,295.21 $1,170,395.88
It also states that during the year
■ 1910 the net profits of this company
were reported as over 30 per cent, of
the stock then outstanding!
Mr. John B. Coleman, who conducted
the investigation of the milk business in
1909, made this statement last year:
The Sheffield Farms-Slawson-Decker Com¬
pany, which was incorporated about eight
years ago for the sum of $500,000, of
which $200,000 was issued for tangible as¬
sets and $300,000 for good will, showed
net earnings for the year ending February
28, 1909, after deducting all charges and
expenses of every kind and nature, of $22.1,-
694.63, aud further showed net earnings
for the eight mouths ending October 31,
1909, after deducting all charges and ex¬
penses of every kind and nature, of $257,-
923.47, which is over 120 per cent made in .
eight months on the amount originally in¬
vested in this company eight years ago.
In the meantime this same company has
paid on its capital stock over 12 per cent
dividends each year, the dividends for the
year 1909 being 22 per cent and it has in
addition rolled up a surplus, of $962,027.02
on an original investment of $200,000.
These profits were also made during the
period that milk was selling at eight cents
a quart.
Now you want to -realize just what
that means. This company is not pro¬
ducing milk, but selling it. Mr. Cole¬
man says it had $200,000 of tangible as¬
sets, yet it has kept on paying big divi¬
dends and at the same time piled up a
surplus nearly six times as large as its
real assets !
You are right — bulls and bears are
more profitable dairy animals than any of
the so-called dairy breeds of cows yet dis¬
covered. Suppose a farmer in Delaware
Co., N. Y., has a farm worth $6,000 with
stock. He pays himself a good salary
as manager and provides good wages
for mother and the boys. At the end of
10 years spent in making and selling
milk he finds that he has a surplus of
$36,000 besides paying himself some $600
a year in “dividends.” That is about
what Wall Street dairying comes to only
the farmer makes the milk from his
cows and the city dairyman sells it.
The producer gets 35 cents of the dol¬
lar, pays the cost of production, and
barely keeps himself going. The handler
gets 65 cents, pays big dividends and
piles up a surplus six times as large as
his real investment ! Wall Street dairy¬
ing seems to beat stone wall dairying. ' *
Cows Leaking Milk.
What will prevent cows leaking their
milk? R. L. w.
New York.
Paint the ends of the teats with flexible
collodion, coat by coat, after each milking.
a. s, A.
A SMALL SUMMER SILO.
I have just finished fattening 00 steers
to feed the orchards, and used silage for
part feed with good results, and now I ask
for information as to its use for Summer
feeding. We cannot afford to pasture our
high-priced land ; keep one cow and would
like to keep about three, and think I would
like to feed say about 10 pounds per head
daily to half a dozen horses or more. Can
I successfully feed in Summer where I can¬
not use over about 175 to 200 pounds per
day? I presume many others are interested
in this also. We do not want to spend the
time for soiling, hut can cut the ear corn
into the silo “once for all” and feed it in
loss time than we can go to the pasture
for the cows, and then our cows can be in
cool barn away from flies and have regu¬
lar feed and water. I cannot see why a
light feed of well-matured and well-pre¬
served silage is not a good feed for work
horses. The great obstacle seems to be that
we must feed a certain amount per day to
keep it fresh, and the silo would have to
be very small to do this with such a small
amount of stock to feed.
Ohio. w. W. FARNSWORTH.
This is one of the problems of a fruit
farmer. Manure is wanted to plow un¬
der. It is possible to grow corn in
some of the orchards, but not practical
to furnish pasture. The silo makes a
good place for the corn as Winter feed,
but will it answer as “barn pasture” for
a few cows? It will have to be small,
so as to expo.se as little surface as pos¬
sible and thus prevent spoiling. What
do the cow men say? Is Mr. Farns¬
worth’s plan practical? If not, why not?
AND UP¬
WARD
AMERICAN
SEPARATOR
SENT ON TRIAL, FULLY
GUARANTEED. A. new, well
made, easy running separator for
$15.95. Skims hot or cold milk:
heavy or light cream. Different
from this picture which illus¬
trates our large capacity ma¬
chines. The bowl is a sanitary
marvel, easily cleaned. Whether
dairy is large or small, obtain our
handsome free catalog. Address
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.
Box 1075
BAINBRIDGE.N.Y.
Death the Stomach
Worms Guaranteed
"We will send yon 100 lbs. of DR.
HOLLAND’S MEDICATED STOCK
SALT on 60 days’ trial freight
prepaid. If you derive no benefit.
It cofltR you nothing; If you do, It
cost a you $r>.00. Glv© us your or¬
der at once.
The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio.
COW TAIL HOLDER
Prevents Switching ol Tail
Simple- Effective- Our able
POSTPAID 1 6c EACH
Agents Wanted
WISHER MFG. CO.,
230 Greenwich St., New York
DAIRY CATTLE
MAY OFFERING
of Maple Hurst Stock Farms, Guilford, Conn.:
Fantim’s Zac Taylor, head of our Guernsey herd,
is offered for sale to avoid inbreeding: as fine an
animal as stands in U. S.: guaranteed perfect in
every respect. Also one Yeailing Guernsey Bull
sired by above-named bull and from a dam produc¬
ing 42 44 pounds of milk per day, testing 5. 4-5.0.
Three Registered Berkshire Hoars, models of per¬
fection in form and points, weighing from 175 to 200
pounds each; seven months old. Four unregistered
but full-blooded C. W. Boars, 14 months old: all
magnificent animals; must be sold to make room.
Guaranteed Tuttle Strain S. and 1). C. R. 1. R. Eggs
for hatching, $1.00 per 15; $5,00 per 100. Imperial
Pekin Duck Eggs, $1.00 peril; $7.00 per 100. Two
Registered Jersey Hull Calves, four to five months
old, from heavy producing stock and Pogis blood.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
Shall We Put a
SHARPLES
Tubular Cream Separator
Into Your Home
This is your chance to
learn, without cost, the
latest and best in cream
separators. The Tubular will be delivered at
your home, free, will be set up, started, and left
with you for thorough, free trial.
You Pay No Freight —
Pay Nothing" in Advance
— Take No Trouble or
Responsibility.
See for yourself that
this grand machine is
later than and entirely
different from all others.
See that Dairy
Tubulars have
neither disks
nor other contraptions, pro¬
duce twice the skimming
force, skim faster and twice
as clean as others.
Convince yourself that Tubu¬
lars last a lifetime and
repeatedly pay for them¬
selves by saving cream
and repairs all others lose.
Then ask yourself if you can
afford any “mail order” or
other ( so called ) cheap
machine, old style in construction, that lasts one
year on the average. Tubulars are guaranteed
forever by America’s oldest and world’s biggest
separator concern. Other separators taken in part
paymentfor
new Tubu¬
lars. Write
for catalog
No. 1S3
30
yrs
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago. Ill., Han Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can., Winnipeg Can.
BULLS FOR SALE
We offer for sale at our farm at Earl-
ville, Madison County, New York: —
One Registered Guernsey Bull, age 1 year, 7 mos.
One Registered Brown Swiss Bull, age 1 year, 3 mos,
One Registered Brown Swiss Bull, age 3 years, 9 mos.
Address:
BORDEN’S CONDENSED MILK CO.
Karlville, Madison County, New York
W. 0. Young, Supt.
HOLSTEINS
■ YOUNG MEN WANTED to learn
VETERINARY profession. Catalogue
vlfree. Grand Rapids Veterinary
_j College, Dep.15, Grand Rapids, Mich.
II O
SES
Percheron and Belgian Stallions and Mares for sale
at farmers' prices. A W. GREEN, Route L
Middlefield, O. Railroad station, East Orwell, O.,
on Benna. R.R., 30 miles north of Youngstown, Oj
TIIE PERCIIEROX SOCIETY OF
AMERICA
Has 338 new members since December 1st, 1910,
exclusive of the 137 new members added by
taking over the Percheron Registry Company,
Columbus, Ohio. More than 3500 stockholders
March 15th, 1911. The only recognized Percheron
record. Good pure bred mares will do your farm
work and raise more valuable colts than grade
mares. For information address WAYNE
DINSMORE, Secretary, Union Stock Yards,
Chicago, III.
S
E 13
dale Herd of
are bred for large production, good size, strong
constitution, and best individuality. The best
sires are used in this herd that it is possible to se¬
cure. A nice lot of-yonug bulls for sale; no females.
A. A. CORTELVOU, Somerville, N. J.
HOLSTEIN CATTLE
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASS N OF AMERICA
K.l — HOUGHTON.SEC'Y.BOX 105.BRATTLEBORO, VT.
Robinson’s HOLSTEINS are Producers
They are Tuberculin Tested. Forty just fresh and
that will freshen in the next two months, with
milk records from 8,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the last
year. V. I). ROBINSON. Edmeston, N. Y.
DORSET SHEEP
A splendid lot of yearling rams, big strong fellows,
lit for any use. Can spare a moderate number of
choice ewes with lamb at side. The very cheapest
way to get a start in this breed.
CHARLES B. WING, Box 23, Mechanicsburg, Ohio.
D O & S
IF PI I DC-From imported stock. Females
UULLIL I Ul O cheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City, Pa.
S 1*7- I 3NT IE
REG. HOLSTEIN MALE CALVES
I
Closely related to champions of the world
at farmers’ prices. Fine individuals, nicely
marked. Fifty per cent below value.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Write today.
F. H. RIVENBURGH, HILLHURST FARM, MUNNSVILLE, N. Y.
I
ALLAMUCHY FARM HOLSTEINS
We offer well bred bull calves out of A. R. O.
dams at reasonable prices. Send for list before
placing your order. ALLAMUCHY, N. J.
FOR SALE-GRADE GUERNSEYS BSE. T?.
Registered Holstein Bulls $1
bulls from one month to 18 months of age. Best A.
R. O. breeding and individuality. State your wants.
JARVIS KILOS. .... Flycreek, N. Y.
RED
POLLED
CATTLE
CHOICE STOCK OF EITHER SEX
at SPRINGDALE FARM
Prices reasonable
E. J. ADAMS, Adams Basin, N. Y-
LAUREL FARM JERSEYS
breed regularly, and their calves live. Fern’s Jubi¬
lee still beads the herd. What do you want ?
Will also sell full blooded Morgan filly, coming
2.and a beauty, at $100.
J. GRANT MOUSE, Hamilton. N. V.
Iprcpu Rill I Aged 14 months; solid color, black
JCIOGJ DUII points: sired by Imported What’s
Wanted; is a Fox 04779; dam one of our best cows,
Maria Amelia 186529, giving 35 lbs. of 54 milk.
L, T BIRCHARI), BirchardvIlle, Pa,
Breed Up-Not DownToT«“n'fiSdlv“
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. U. F.
SHANNON, SHJ7 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa.
Milk Prufllirprc ,or New York City market
iUlin riUUUterfc desiring information how to
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to
the Secretary, Albert Manning, Otisville, N. Y.
QUROC PIGS, $8. White Buff Rocks and Leghorn
eggs, $2. Serene Wicks, DeGraff, Ohio.
CHELDON FARM registered Dtirocs. Pigs of both sex.
° Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding.
C. K. BAKNKS. Oxford. N. Y.
nhpQtpr WhitPQ Enquiries promptly answered.
UIIColCl it II! Ico Eugkne T. Black, Seio, N. V.
CTERIJNG hill FARMS— CHKSHIRE
S WINK— Orders booked for Spring Pigs reg¬
istered stock and grades; large litters and best of
breeding. Bigelow & Swain, Ogdensburg, Sussex Co.. N.J.
LARGE ENGLISH YORKSHIRES.
Last Fall Pigs from Prize Winning, Registered
Stock, for sale at reasonable prices.
CHAS. W. SWITZER - - SOUTH EUCLID, OHIO.
LARGE YORKSRIRE PIGS STEEL HOG TROUGHS
Boars ready for service May SI. 00 EACH
15, 1911. Chas. H. Emens, Spring Hill Farm, Binghamton, N.Y.
Alfalfa Lodge Yorkshires
Short Nose Type, March Pigs.
JOHN G. CURTIS - - Rochester, N. Y.
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-Special Offering
L of Service Boars. Good useful Boars, $30 to $40.
Fiuicy Boars for the breeder and exhibitor, $50 and
up. 1 hey should develop into 800-pound boars at
maturity. H. C. & H. B. HARPEN0ING, Dundee, N. Y.
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. -R;, ,“3
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold.
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July ; late, to ser¬
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders
for March and April pigs now. Send for new
Booklet. J. E. WATSON. Pioprietor, Marbledale, Conn.
KALORAMA FARM
is now offering a limited number of
BERKSHIRE PIGS
from eight to twelve weeks old, of
the highest quality and breeding,
. . . AT REASONABLE PRICES . . .
CALVIN J. HUSON, - PENNYAN, N.Y
LARGE BERKSHIRES
Not the cheapest, but the best. Special offering of
Spring pigs, single or mated, for breeding. Cata¬
logue on application.
WILLOUGHBY FARM, Gettysburg!!, Pa.
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
616
M X I_i
The Xew York Exchange price is $1.41
per 40-quart can, netting 2% cents per
quart to shippers in 26-eent zone who have
no additional station charges.
Most of the milk is shipped to Cleveland
from Geauga Co., also from Portage and
Cuyahoga counties. Farmers get 14 cents
per gallon for their milk delivered in Cleve¬
land and the peddlers sell it out at seven
cents per quart. It costs the farmer iy2
cents per gallon to get it to Cleveland.
Geauga Lake, O. j. a. s.
The milk dealers in the East seem to be
organizing, and I wish it reached as far
as Michigan, for we have to sell to the
creamery, and take a test such as they
choose. to give us (which isn’t very big at
any time), and price the same way. Farm¬
ers lost so much on lamb feeding' the past
Winter that it makes one feel that we
would like to see farmers organized as well
as those we have to sell to. a. g. w.
Dairying is on the Increase all through
this section. The average price of milk for
the next six months is $1.25 per 100
pounds. There are no farmers going out
of the milk business that I know of, but
some who stopped a few years ago have
commenced again. The price of cows is
about $75 for grade stock and from that to
$150 for purebreds. The pride of grain is
from $3 to $5 per ton cheaper than in
former years. j. a. C.
Rockdale, N. Y.
The milk producers are now trying to
organize a stock company to include all
territory that ships milk to Cleveland,
which covers a «radius of about 40 miles,
each stockholder to take stock by his prob¬
able milk product : that is, if he produces
one can -per day, his stock is to be $25 ; if
two cans $50, and so on, always according
to amount of milk produced. The place of
business is to be in Cleveland, and to have
sufficient capital to purchase, handle and
market the milk of its stockholders, paying
them a nominal price and distributing to
them at close of season their respective
shares of the net surplus. There is to be
a director to attend to milk at each main
shipping point. By this means the farmers
handling their product at both ends are
likely to receive for their product what be¬
longs to them. Only those who produce
and ship milk to the company are to be
stockholders, and those wrho enter the com¬
pany are pledged to stand by it. sending ;
their entire product for a definite period.
All milk in this vicinity is shipped to
Cleveland, bringing at present time 12 to
13 cents per gallon, with a deduction of
two cents per gallon for freight. When
bottled and sold to the consumer in Cleve¬
land it bringj eight cents per quart. The
farmer has had no voice in determining the
price of his product. Often he does not
know just what price he is receiving. The
dealer fixes the price and changes it at his
will. The price to the city consumer has
remained constant during the past Winter,
and three times within the last four months
the price has been cut to farmers. The
price has been entirely in the hands of the
purchaser. I. T.
Cleveland, O.
them.” This is no new story, only one that
is growing larger year by year. God helps
those who first help themselves. Why could
not the farmer be his own trust, and sell
his own milk? The dairymen about Bur¬
ton, O., are attempting to solve this ques¬
tion and are forming a great milk holding,
and selling company, and propose to, if not
handle, have an equal voice in saying what
the price . shall be, and whether contracts
made shall be lived up to, and without re¬
bate. The sale of city milk is a matter not
controlled, or really influenced by the com¬
mercial value of milk for butter and cheese
making, as the consumer is not in any way
related to the great dairy markets, and
knows no change of price, save the seven
cents in Summer, and eight cents in Win¬
ter. hence the farmers are justified in the
contention that cutting the Winter prices
without a corresponding reduction in the
city retail price, is not warranted, nor capa¬
ble of justification. So all success to the
Geauga County milk insurgents. At Ra¬
venna, O., 30 miles south, a great farmers’
cooperative company is being formed to
handle all of the farmers’ produce, and
do his buying on as large a scale, behind
which is the great millionaire capitalist,
Dan R. Hanna, and out of which it is ex¬
pected that the farmer will get more than
35 cents of the consumer’s dollar. Of
course the story is that such attempts are
soon bound to come to grief, but the fact
is that this company will contaiu no more
stockholders than does the United States
Express Company, and by sticking together
they every year harvest an important and
munificent ’•melon” crop. Why in smaller
degree may not these farmers harvest
‘‘Summer squashes” to say the least?
Ohio. JOHN GOULD.
There are a goodly number of dairymen
in this vicinity, most of whom sell sweet
cream, for which we receive Elgin prices
for shipment to Pittsburg, Pa. For sour
cream, which is shipped to Cleveland and
there made into butter one cent below El¬
gin prices is received by the dairymen.
Those who sell milk receive about $1 per
100 pounds ; a part of milk is bought by
Mr. Hudson, and after being sterilized is
shipped to Pittsburg, and a part of it is
bought by a local firm and manufactured
into sweitzer cheese. J. w. H.
Ravenna, O.
“The Portage County Farmers’ Supply &
Selling Co.” is the name of a corporation
organized under the laws of the State of
Ohio, by the farmers of this vicinity for
their benefit. Their intentions are to find
a better market for their produce than they
have at present, and also to buy their sup¬
plies direct from the manufacturer, thus
cutting out the middleman’s share. The
milk prices here are not very uniform as
you will see. The price down town this
month is $1.00 per hundred. It retails at
seven cents per quart. The cheese factories
are paying SO cents per hundred. At the
condensery near here they pay $1.15 per
100. Some ship their milk to Cleveland
and got in April 14 cents, May 11 cents a
gallon delivered. There is also a cream
buyer here who buys the cream at the
houses and pays Elgin butter prices for
the butter fat that it contains, e. j. p.
Ravenna, O.
MILKING THE OHIO MEN.
The milk situation in northern Ohio since
January 1 has been far from satisfactory
as to price. The disappearance of all our
cheese factories and creameries has thrown
the milk into the city trade, and the bulk
of it goes to Cleveland and Pittsburg. The
four large milk companies of Cleveland are
now merged into one, even the great ice
cream plant is part of its holdings. There
are many independent dipper peddlers, but
they follow pretty closely in the wake of
the big company. The large Cleveland and
Pittsburg companies have many stations in
this territory, where milk is collected, but
these pay a lower price for milk ; as exam¬
ple, the Winter rate for city milk was 18
cents, but only 15 cents was paid for 10
pounds at the stations. The farmers have
ceased to have any say as to prices, terms,
or length of contract. Last Winter it was
the understanding that the 18-eent rate was
to continue four months, but this “con¬
tract” was short lived, for in the middle
of January the price was cut about two
cents, then cut again, and again, and before
March 20 the price was down to $1.05 for
an 85-pound can. The $1.50 rate was cut
first January 15 to $1.40, then $1.30, then
in February another cut to $1.10, and is
now $1. During all this time the retail
price of milk was held by the dealers at
strictly eight cents a quart. Agreements
were not to be talked about. If the farm¬
ers got two and three cents A quart for
milk, that could be sold for eight cents,
“they should kiss the hand that smote
A NEW SORT OF “HORSE COMPANY.”
I have been an interested reader of
the various “horse company” articles
appearing in The R. N.-Y. during the
last few weeks. I know of a Belgian
stallion that was sold to a company of
ranchers in Wyoming for $3,000 that has
been an almost total loss. Hence no
“horse company” for me. But here in
Nebraska a new plan is being put into
effect, that seems to me to be full of
promise. Briefly it is this : The Nor¬
folk, Neb., Commercial Club is import¬
ing 60 young Belgian mares of a uni¬
form type, good conformation and great
weight, which are to be sold to the
farmers about the neighborhood at exact
cost. The club is also bringing over two
of the best stallions that money will
buy, and will keep them for the benefit
of the farmers. That ought to produce
results as well as some fine colts.
Beatrice, Neb. J. H. T.
R. N.-Y. — It ought to and will. It
will also produce more, for if such a
plan can be carried out fairly it will lead
to other forms of cooperation. If farm¬
ers find that they can get together in
buying a horse so as to squeeze out the
bluff and fake they will get together for
other purposes. Then they will see the
business and political frauds that have
been living on them like leeches, and
they will do the rest. True cooperation
is the hope for farmers. They must be¬
gin at home, with neighbors and friends,
and learn to make the little organizations
complete before they can hope to make
the big ones go.
When you write advertisers mention The
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.
TRADE
in Your Old
Separator
for a New DE LAVAL
More than 15,000 users of inferior and worn-out cream
separators of various makes traded them in last year on
account of new DE LAVALS, and doubtless there are
many more owners of such machines
who will be glad to know that the
DE LAVAL Company still considers it
good business policy to make liberal
“trade” allowances for them. While
the old machines are worthless the
demonstrated differences help the sale
of many new DE LAVAL machines.
Now that the flush of milk pro¬
duction is at hand, why not take
advantage of this opportunity ? See
the nearest DE LAVAL agent, and
he will tell you how much he can
allow on your old machine toward the
purchase of a new DE LAVAL. If
you don’t know a DE LAVAL agent, write to the nearest
DE LAVAL office giving make, number and size of your
present machine, and full information will be sent you.
Important to Users of
Old DE LAVAL Separators
While DE LAVAL machines of ten or twenty years ago
are much superior even to present day machines of other
makes, during the past few years many improvements have
been incorporated in the present DE LAVAL machines that
make them simpler in construction, easier of operation and
cleaning, and more effective in skimming.
Liberal trade allowance will be made by any DE LAVAL
agent for your old DE LAVAL toward the purchase' of an
up-to-date machine. It will pay you to investigate. Any
DE LAVAL agent will be glad to explain the new
DE ' LAVAL improvements, or a DE LAVAL catalog
illustrating and describing the latest styles and sizes will be
sent upon request of nearest DE LAVAL office.
The De Laval Separator Co.
165-167 Broadway 29 E. Madison Strbkt
NEW YORK CHICAGO
Dkumm Jt Sacramento Sts.
SAN FRANCISCO
173-177 W li.i.i am Street
MONTREAL
14 St 16 Princess Street
WINNIPEG
1016 W K8TKKN A VUNUH
SEATTLE
Keep Ho$s
A DIPPING TANK OR A HOG WALLOW
WITH
KRESO DIP IN 2.1
WILL DO THE WORK
THERE IS NO EXCUSE FOR LOUSY MANGY
UNTHRIFTY PIGS. IF YOU HAVE SOME
OF THIS KIND YOU WILL FIND IT WORTH
WHILE TO GET OUR CIRCULAR ON
TANKS AND WALLOWS. IT TELUS
HOW TO MAKE THEM OF CEMENT
KRESO DIP N2I
IS A REAL NECESSITY
ABOUT ALL. LIVE STOCK
FOR KILLING LICE.TICKS, MITES, FLEAS.
FOR TREATING SCAB.MANGE, RINGWORM,
AND OTHER SKIN DISEASES;
TO DISINFECT, DEODORIZE,
CLEANSE ©c PURIFV.
ALL OF THESE USES FULLY DESCRIBED
IN OUR BOOKLETS. WRITE FOR COPIES
ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR KRESO DIP NO.I
PARKE, DAVIS 8c CO.
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.
DETROIT,
MICH.
mAWAY TOOLS
WILL INCREASEYOUR CROPS
25 % to 50%. Take place of plow and
harrow. Thousands in use. Save time,
Inborand money. Endorsed by success¬
ful farmers, dairymen and orchardists.
Send today for our new book “Intensive
Cultivation." It’s free.
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.
839 Main St. Higgannm, Conn.
NEWTON’S HEAVE
COUCH, DISTEMPER I IDE*
AND INDIGESTION vUl\t
The firsjor second $1.00 can cures Heaves. The third
can is guaranteed to cure
The Standard V eterinary Remedy.
Makes the Horse Strong and Willing to Work.
CURES HEAVES BY CORRECTING THE CAUSE
which Is Indigestion. Send for booklet “Horse Troub-
les." Explains fully about the Wind, Throat, Stomach
and Blood. Newton’sissafef or colt, adultor marein foal
A GRAND CONDITIONER AND WORM EXPELLER
#t.OO a can at dealers, or express prepaid
THE JSEWTOJi REMEDY CO., Toledo, Ohio
Will reduce inflamed, strained,
swollen Tendons, Ligaments,
Muscles or Bruises, Cure the
Lameness and stop pain from a
Splint, (Side Bone or Bone Spavin.
No blister, no hair gone. Horse can be
used. $& a bottle delivered. Describe
your case for special instructions and
, Book 2 E free.
ABSORBINE, Jit., the liniment for mankind.
Reduces strained, torn ligaments, enlarged glands,
veins or muscles— heals ulcers— allays pain. Price
81.00 a bottle at dealers or delivered.
W.F.Y0UNG, P.D.F., 88Temple St., Springfield, Mass.
Before After
Calf Scours EfuSS.c“.r?d
CRELOLL
No Failures Guaranteed
Also the only known remedy for
WHITE DIARRHOEA in poultry.
Caledonia Chemical Co., Caledonia, N. Y.
©16
May 20,
The Henyard.
THAT HEN CONTEST.
Mr. W. J. Dougan sends the follow¬
ing additional report of the two pens
of hens :
Report No. 3.
Record of 10 Wyandottes.
I am sending you report of the Wyan-
do'ttes for the first part of April, 1st to
15th. During that time they have con¬
sumed or have left in hoppers :
15 lbs. cracked corn at $1.25 per 100. . . .19
3 Vi lbs. oats at $1.50 per bag . 05
GVi lbs. mixed feed at $1.55 per 100... .10
7 lbs. oyster-shell at 70 cents per 100.. .05
5 lbs. bran at $1.75 per 100 . 09
4 lbs. wheat screenings at $1.55 per 100. .00
.54
During that time they have laid 87 eggs,
11 of which were too light for setting and
were sold for 45 cents per dozen, and three
cracked and used by family. They run at
large every fifth day for five hours.
W. J. DOUGAN.
Up to April 1 the hens had cost $1.96
and bid 107 eggs. This report adds
54 cents cost and 87 eggs, or a total of
$2.50 cost and 194 eggs. This means a
cost of 1.28 cent per egg. The eggs
actually sold thus far are worth at local
prices $1.04.
Record of 10 Leghorns.
Following is report of Leghorns (10 hens
and one rooster) from April 1st to 15th
inclusive. During that time they have con¬
sumed or have left in hoppers :
15 lbs. cracked corn at $1.25 per 100.. .19
3x lbs. oats at $1.50 per bag . 05
6% lbs. mixed feed at $1.55 per 3 00. . . .10
6 Vi lbs. oyster-shell at 70 cents per 100. .05
5 lbs. wheat bran at $1.70 per 100 . 09
4 lbs. wheat screenings at $1.55 per 100. .06
$.54
During that time they have laid 78 eggs,
12 of them being unfit for hatching were
sold for 45 cents per dozen. The hens run
at large every fifth day for five hours.
w. J. DOUGAN.
In the last report the hens had cost
$1.60, which now makes a total of $2.14.
The total of eggs is 190 at a feed cost
of 1.13 cents each. Light and cracked
eggs have brought $1.05.
THE EGG EATING HABIT.
We find that the best method is carefully
to watch the hens and gather the eggs as
soon as laid, also provide dark nests with
plenty of nest material. If this does not
succeed in breaking them, fill an egg with
red pepper and bread and let her eat that,
which occasionally stops the habit.
BONNIE BRAE POULTRY FARSI.
New York.
In forcing our layers for Winter eggs
large quantities of curd, “Dutch cheese,”
are used, and when extreme forcing is re¬
sorted to, soft-shelled and thin-shelled eggs
are the result in spite of all our efforts, and
this induces egg-eating ; but we have always
been able to prevent the habit spreading
through the flock. If the whole flock were
getting the habit we would make all nests
dark, use no nest eggs, keep constant watch,
removing eggs, and if* a hen is caught with
an egg or breaking one, banish her ; keep
bone, shell and grit constantly before them.
Provide plenty of green food and compel
exercise. Try to remove the cause — poor
shells — and by close watching removing the
leaders would expect to effect a cure. I
never tried “doctoring” an egg, and would
have no' faith in its doing any good.
Ohio. F. N. ADAMS.
I have known individual hens to be
cured of the egg-eating habit by being
tkaen from the flock and penned by them¬
selves, being fed a large. proportion of meat
scrap in their mash and also having a
hopper available with meat scrap in it for
a week or 10 days, and then put back with
the flock. While this does not always effect
a cure, it will in most cases. As to the
probability of curiug a whole flock of the
habit when they have once contracted it, I
should very much doubt the possibility of
doing it, and particularly so if the flock
were composed of any of the Mediterranean
varieties. My experience with them has
been that they are much more apt to con¬
tract the habit and harder to break of it
than the American. If I had a flock that
had contracted the habit, I would try to
isolate as far as possible the individuals
that I knew had already become addicted
to it, and pen them by themselves, giving
them a surfeit of animal food. The re- !
mainder of the flock, I should also give at
least a double proportion of animal food.
This would prevent those that had already
concentrated the habit from teaching the
others, and would probably result in a
greater proportion of them being cured. To
sum up the matter, it has been my experi-
THE R. 15 R. -A.lv NEW-YORKER
ence that fowls that have an abundance of
animal food do not contract the habit of
egg-eating except in very rare cases.
New York. Sinclair smith.
Big Eggs. — That man who tells about the
big eggs is away behind. I get them regu¬
larly that would compare well with that,
but here is a big one ! You will need a,
grain of salt with it. I have forgotten the
dimensions, as it was seven or eight years
ago that I got it. It weighed between
seven and eight ounces and had a normal
sized egg inside. Nothing but hens on the
farm when this freak came. I sent the
shell to the Cornell poultry department.
The proof of it is looking at it there.
New York. F. u. tibbetts.
I see on page 532 A. C. Durgin speaks of
getting fine clover for chicken feed by using
a flail. We run some Alfalfa through an
old-fashioned thrasher ; it beats a flail, es¬
pecially if one desires to mix it in a wet
mash. The first that drops through the
shaker is like fine feed, the next is a little
coarser, and fine for wetting as green feed,
and the rest the stock will not refuse if
you can give them a chance to eat it. Of
course I use what leaf droppings I can
gather, but that does not give enough for a
large number of fowls. I use both clover
and Alfalfa. I know of a man who has to
buy all of his stuff, who uses clover as a
litter. w. g.
New Jersey.
Good R. I. Reds. — We have 30 R. C. R. I.
Red pullets at our place at White Plains,
hatched in April and May last year. They
began to lay in November but no record
was kept of the number of eggs, but in
December, January and February there was
a record kept and in 90 days they laid
1,800 eggs, or 150 dozen. One of these
pullets began to get broody about Febru¬
ary 10; on the 15th we gave her 15 eggs,
she brought off 13 chicks, and on April 3
began laying again. Another one hatched
in April, began to get broody about the
first of March, and on the 5th gave her
15 eggs; she brought off 12 chicks, and on
April 15, three weeks from the time she
came off her nest, she began to lay again.
If there is anyone raising fancy poultry
that can beat this record I would like
to hear from them. J. c. c.
New York.
A Duck of a Duck.— I have an Indian
Runnirr duck which appears to me to be
quite a remarkable bird. I have read a
good many chicken stories that taxed my
credulity to the limit, and it is quite proba¬
ble that many who read the following
statement will not believe it. The duck
referred to has laid 98 eggs during the past
96 consecutive days, and the indications
are that she will extend this wonderful rec¬
ord still further before taking a rest. I
do not ascribe this abundant yield to my
method of feeding and care, but rather to
the exuberance of her productive nature.
Eggs are large and white. Have never
been able to catch her on the nest but
twice. I attach affidavit. e. s. king.
Maryland.
It. N.-Y. — Mr. King sends a signed affi¬
davit in support of his statement.
ROOFING
TO buy a roofing- that requires
painting is inviting trouble.
Painted roofings are as out of
date as the harvester machinery of
thirty years ago.
The roofing of to-day needs no
painting. That’s one of its great
features.
If you are still using the “old rub¬
ber kind” the kind that requires
painting every year or two to keep
it tight, we want to tell you about
Ainatite; why it needs no painting ;
why it wears longer than,the “smooth
surfaced” roofings, and why it costs
less.
YvTe want to send you a sample so
that you can see what a solid, sub¬
stantial waterproof roofing Amatite
really is. Write to-day. Address
nearest office.
Barrett Manufacturing Co.
New York Chicago
Philadelphia Boston
Cincinnati Minneapolis
Cleveland St. Louis
Pittsburg New Orleans
Kansas City London, Eng.
Seattle
What’s the use hatching chicks
if you can’t raise ’em?
'THE INTERNATIONAL SANITARY HOVER is essential to successful
brooding of chickens. It is indispensable to the farmer with a few
chicks or to the poultry man with thousands to raise. Both give testimony
to the wonderful results attained with this hover. Don’t continue with
your old equipment and take any chances this year.
This nearest to nature hover — The International Sanitary — is built
entirely of metal, and will last 20 years. The hover heat from above
is greatest near hover curtain. Consequently no crowding, and chicks
do not pile in the center. Every chick has a chance under this hover.
Vermin-proof, lice-proof, dirt-proof. Steady hen heat, without drafts
and no possibility of foul air, gases or smoke getting to chicks. No expen¬
sive brooder equipment necessary with these hovers. Can be set in
barn, box— anywhere.
“You might be interested in the successful way in which the
International Sanitary Hover acted. We had a‘ lute hutch in
August, of forty-two chicks, and it is with pleasure that I state
that today, (Sept. 22) we have the same number living.”
(Signed) J. I!. ] la Hock,
l’ine Top Poultry Farm, Hartwood, N. Y.
Write today for Hover catalogue and convincing testimonials.
INTERNATIONAL POULTRY SALES CO., Box 38. Browns Mills, N. J.
Buckeye
No-Yard -
Poultry’'
House^ftai
s25
W It’s Portable
6% It. high.
The modern way to keep chickens. They never
Wr run at large to destroy your garden or bother your
^neighbors. Eliminates disease and keeps the hens
laying the year round. Big enough for 20 hens.
Made of heavy one-inch lumber with, weather-proof
galvanized steel roof. Complete with roosts, nests
rand dropping board all read..- to use. Beautifully finished.
Ar ornament tc any property. You couldn't buy the material
and labor to build this house at % 25. We will prove that by
selling them on 40 days trial and will return your money
it you arc not satisfied. Immediate shipment guaranteed.
Our book “The Modern Method of Poultry Keep¬
ing” sent to you free. Full of vuluuhle information.
TIIE BUCKEYE INCUBATOR CO.
508 Euclid Ave. Springfield, O,
•55 Buys Best
140-Egg Incubator
Doublecasos all over; best copper
tank; nursery, sell-regulating.
Best 110-chick hot-water brooder,
$4.85- Both ordered together,
$11.50. Freight prepaid (E. of
Rockies).
Nomachines
at any price
aro better. Satisfaction guar¬
anteed. Write for book today
or send price now and sa ve tl me.
Belle City Incubator Company, Box
NEW POULTRY BOOK
■ A, ^%BBX Conkey’s new. big. SO-pnge illus-
j | | §T 1I||T trnted guide for beginners, and
reference for experienced poul-
tr.vmen. Up-to-date housing methods, feeding, hatch¬
ing, saving the chicks; how to prevent and treat
disease. Chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese. There’s a
copy for you for the asking. Send name, also name of
nearest poultry supply dealer, and 4c (stamps) for postage.
THE G. E. CONKEY COMPANY
G9 Commercial Bldg. (45) Cleveland, Ohio
SH E P H E It l>— Not Collies— Black, with white
PUPPIES and yellow points, $3.00 each.
EGGS FOR HATCHING S. C. W. Leghorns
and Indian Runner Ducks at farmers’ prices.
E. O. FORMAN,
Po’keepsie, N. Y. - - It. F. I). No. 1,
Pfl II I TR YM C M— Don’t fail to secure Stock and
rUULI ll I III Lit Kggs at our reduced prices.
EAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS, Marietta, Pa.
RICHLAND FARMS.
Breeders and Exhibitors
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS,
WHITE PLYMOUTH HOCKS,
S. C. BLACK OltPINGTONS.
HATCHING EGGS
Half Price After May 1st.
S. C. White Leghorns.
One Setting. 15 eggs $1.00
Two Settings, 30 eggs.. 1.75
One hundred eggs . 4.00
One thousand eggs . 35.00
White Plymouth Rocks
& S. C. Black Orpingtons
1 Setting, 15eggs,$1.25&$2.50
100 eggs . $7.00 & $14.00
Fertility Guaranteed.
HIGHLAND FARMS,
BABY CHICKS.
100 or less, each. ...15c
500 or more, eacli 12bSe
White Plymouth
Rocks & S..C. Black
Orpingtons.
100 or less, each _ 25c
We guarantee safe
arrival of chicks in
first-class condition.
Frederick , Md.
LAKEHILL FARM
W. H. THACHEll.
Single and Rose Comb W. Leghorns, W. P. Rocks
and Imp. Pekin Ducks. Cockerels and Ducks of
both sexes for sale in any quantity from $2 up.
Chicks, $15 per 100. Ducklings, $25 per 100. Write
for special prices in large lots. Orders booked for
early delivery of hatching eggs and day old chicks
and ducklings. Safe delivery and satisfaction
guaranteed. CAUL W. Ll.OYI), Mgr,,
Hillside. Westchester County. N. Y.
SO UfHITE LEGHORNS, Barred Plymouth Hocks,
u U ■ Vf Mammoth White Pekin Ducks. Stock
hatching eggs, chicks, ducklings. Circular. Est.1904
Above Poultry Farm, Chatham, Mortis Co. N. J.
Bonnie Brae White Leg-
ARE BETTER
horns and Pekin Ducks
ready; also some choice matings of Barred and
White Plymouth Rocks, Rose Comb White Leg¬
horns, White Wyandottes, Single and liose Comb
Rhode Island Reds, Light Brahmas, Mammoth
Bronze Turkeys and Pearl Guinea Fowl. Orders
for early settings and baby chicks now hooked.
Get some prize matings at right prices. BONNIE
BRAE POULTRY FARM, NEW ROCHELLE, N. Y. Largest
successful plant in New York vicinity. TO, 000-egg
capacity. Agents for Cyphers Incubator Company.
Correspondence invited.
pill I ETC— S. C. W. LEGHORNS-Booking orders
rUE_L.& I J future delivery. Hatching eggs from
vigorous birds for prompt shipment. Limited
number choice breeders. Lakewood and Youngs
strains. SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemington, N. J.
S. G. White Leghorn BABY CHICKS
$10 per 100 in any quantity. Breeders are vigorous
yearlings and 2-year-olds. Circular. VANCRKST
POULTRY FARM. Salt Point, Dutchess Co., N.Y.
EMPIRE STATE S. C. WHITE LFGHORNS
Winners at N. Y. State Fair. Heavy layers; trios.
$5. Eggs for hatching, $1 for 15, $5 for 100. Cata¬
logue free. C.-H. ZIMMER, Weedsport, N. Y.
Buff, Wli. Leghorns, Mottled Anconas, S. C. It .‘I. Red.
Eggs, OOe. per 15, $1 .50 per 30. $2.75 per 60, $4 per 100.
Catalogue free. JOHN A. ROTH, Quakertown, Pa.
BABY CHICKS, 10c. EACH
From free-range selected S,C. WhiteLeghorns in any
quantity: safe arrival guaranteed. Circulars free.
Chas.R. Stone, Baby Chick. Farm, Staatsburg-on-Hudson,N.Y.
WYCKOFF-BLANCHARD strains Single-Comb
White Leghorns, $1.25 setting. Heavy laying
| Rose-Comb Black Minorcas, $1.50 setting. Circular.
HIGH RIDGE POULTRY FARM, Laurel. Md.
Q D EGGS $1.00 — Trading varieties, 52 breeds. Prize Poul-
iU try, Pigeons, Hares, etc. Booklet free. Large illus¬
trated descriptive Catalog 10c. F. G. WILE, Telford, Pa.
Indian Runner Duel.*, $4 perpair, front 200-egg strain.
Eggs, $1.00 and $2.00 per 12. C. GORDON, Sprakers, N. Y.
WHITE EGG STRAIN INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS-Thor-
oughbrnd, vigorous birds. Wonderful layers
of large white eggs; mated with imported drakes,
well marked, fawn and white; $2.00 for 15; Buff
Orpingtons, $1.50 for 15. Liberal discount for incu¬
bator eggs. Cherry Hill Farms, Pittstown. N. J.
Racine, WisconUB
BUFF ORPINGTON DUCKS iK»rar»s»s
B. O. Ducks, the world greatest layers; have twice
won Australian laying contests. My ducks have
three years unbeaten show record. List furnished.
DUNR015IN FAliM, Chatham, New jersey
EGGS — $1 p»*r 15, $2 |»or 40 of Thor. Brahma*. Rocks, Wyan¬
dot l es, Ked«, Mfnorcas, Houdans, Leghorns, Ham burgs; 19 vor.,
28 years’ experience. Catalogue. S. K. Mohr, Coopersburg, La.
SP Rhplf Minnrrao— can’t be beat—
. ll. DldbR M IIIUI bdb Eggs,$3 for 15. CHESTER
SWIGART, Goshen Poultry Farm, R.F.D., Fulton House. Pa.
DAVIS S. C. REDS
200 EGG STRAIN Prices reduced after May 1
EGGS utility, $5.00 per 100; $1.00 per 13,
Special Matings, $1.50 per 13; $3.00 per 100.
Mammoth Hot Water Incubator Chicks, $15.00 per 100
DAVIS POULTRY FA KM, llerlin. Mass.
Hunn Lake Poultry Farm f?"f fS&l .ff-fiAo1;
White Wyandotte Chicks, $12 per 100. Kggs.tSper 100.
Van Alstyne’s Rhode Island Reds
10 L'tility Cockerels at $3.00 each; 100 S. C. Year¬
ling Hens at $2.00 each; 50 S. C. surplus Pullets at
$2.50 each. Eggs for hatching in any number.
JAS. E. YAN ALSTYNE, Kinderhook, N.Y.
THE FARMER’S FOWL— Rose Comb P.eds, best winter
layers on earth. Eggs, $1.00 per 15. Catalogue
free. TflOS. WILDER, Route 1, Richland, N. Y.
Eggs For Hatching'
— R. C. Rhode
Island Reds—
Indian Runner Ducks. High-class stock —
utility, show or export SINCLAIR SMITH, 602
Fifth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
WHITE W YAND OTTES^“^sfbfen°Dbredab^
me for 12 years. Large, fine birds, splendid layers.
Have been winning for5 years. Eggs, high fertility,
100, $5.00. Sitting, $1.00. WILLIAM 0. BURR. Fairfield, Conn.
W1
PRIZE WINNING STRAINS!
RIGHT’S WHITE WYANDOTTE W INNERS
—Baby Cliix, June Hatch, $11 per LOO; $6 per 50.
GRAND VIEW FARM, - Stanfordville, N. Y.
rpnO-MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS.
SlU Uu Pearl Guineas, Indian Runner Ducks and
Barred Plymouth Rocks. Write forFree
Price List. C. ADELL KAYNER, West Falls, N. Y.
Barred Rocks.
White Wyan¬
dottes, Rhode Island Reds, both combs, Single
Comb White and Brown Leghorns, eggs $1.50, 15;
$7.00, 100. Light and Dark Brahmas, $2.00, 15. Cat-
alog gratis F. M. PRESCOTT. Riverdale, N. J.
SPECIAL OFFER— White Rock Eggs. $1 11 15; $5 H 100.
Partridge Cochin Eggs, $1.25 3 15; $6.00 1» 100.
Partridge Wyandotte Eggs. $1.00 11 15; $5.00 11 100.
Barred Rock Eggs. $1.25 1115; $7.00 11 100.
Fresh eggs from good stock, free range and healthy.
Circular prices hold on your choice of matings.
MINCII BROS., R-2, Bridgeton, N. J.
EGGS
from high record W. P. Rock Hens, $2
for 15, $5 for 45. Incubator eggs $6 per
100. A. S. BRIAN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.
Kills All Ticks
ONE DIPPING
► 84 years experience prove truth of this < _
statement. Every tick and nit absolutely
destroyed if you use
Cooper Dip
The only dip that kills ALL ticksin ONE dipping—
Cooper’s Is sure scab destroyer. Increases growth
and improves quality of wool . Perfect skin tonic.
Results considered Ischeapestdip on market. Used
on 300 million sheep annually. Handsome Calen¬
dar and booklet free if you mention this paper.
Prices: 25 gal. pkt. 50c 100 gal. pkt. $1.75
Ask your druggist or write
SCHIEFFELIN & CO.
, 170 Williams Street New York City „
3911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
(317
i
FEEDING PROBLEMS.
Under this heading vee endeavor to give advice
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the
advice is based upon experience and average
analyses of foods. By ‘••protein” is meant the
elements in the food which go to make muscle or
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch,
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close
— a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger
proportion of carbonydrat -s.
Ration for Milch Cows.
Will yon give me a balanced ration for
cows which have been fresh about two
weeks? I have Timothy and clover hay,
mixed ; corn fodder, oats, and can purchase
bran, middlings, beet pulp and cotton-seed
meal. G. u. w.
New York.
portaneo may be given to profitable pro¬
duction. It was pointed out that many
milk and butter records are made at a loss
to the owner of the animal, and that it is
unfair to sell the progeny of such un¬
profitable producers to men who are trying
to improve grade herds.
The case of Missy of the Glen was dis¬
cussed at some length. Mr. Taylor’s attor¬
ney said that every man is justified in ap¬
pealing to the courts for protection when
his rights are apparently in jeopardy, and
on these grounds he defended the Supreme
Court injunction he secured ordering the
club to print Missy’s record. Other mem¬
bers of the club considered Mr. Taylor’s
action discourteous to the club and a re¬
flection on the integrity of the Executive
Committee. By a vote of 24 to nine it
was resolved that Mr. Taylor should apolo¬
gize to the club for his discourteous and
unwarranted action in taking the matter to
the courts.
THAT MOUNTAIN SILAGE CORN.
Here is a formula that ought to pro¬
duce good results for you if properly
fed to good cows :
Drv
Pro-
Carbs.
matter.
tein.
and fat.
15 pounds mixed hay
with clover . 1
3.05
.93
6.9
5
pounds corn fodder.
2.9
.125
1.865
3
pounds ground
cats .
2.67
.276
1.704
3
pounds wheat bran
2.64
.366
1.359
4
pounds beet pulp. .
3.744
.272
2.616
2
pounds cottonseed
meal .
1.84
.744
.888
26.844 2.713 15.332
Nutritive ratio 1 :5.6.
Soak the beet pulp with as much
water as it will absorb and then mix
the other grain with it before feeding,
dividing the grain and pulp into two
feeds a day for morning and evening.
The hay should be fed after each milk¬
ing, as much as will eaten up clean,
and the corn fodder 4cut and fed at noon
— all the cows will eat readily. I do not
think it would pay you to feed wheat
middlings to your cows with this ration
at present market prices. c. G.
Rations for Cows and Mare.
1. Will you advise me as to the ration
for milch cows, medium size, riart fresh,
part • strippers? 1 wish to sell the milk;
the object is the most milk under the con¬
ditions given. I have them on good pas¬
ture and the feeds obtainable are as fol¬
lows : Cornmeal, chop ( made of eoim and
oats ground together). Alfalfa meal, wheat
middlings, wheat bran. I would like you
to give me the proper ingredients foe the
production of milk in large quantities.
How much salt for cows and how often?
Is rock or barreled salt better for cows,
also for mare? , 2. Will you give me the
proper feed for a driving mare? I have
about four miles to drive to work and back
each day, have to keep her stabled through
the Summer. She is a little thin at pres¬
ent; would like to get her in good order;
Is only four years old in May. Would It
be advisable to give powders or not? ’Feeds
obtainable are Timothy hay, corn, oats,
bran, middlings and chop. G. J. m.
West Virginia.
1. From the feedstuffs you mention I
would make a mixture of equal parts by
weight of Alfalfa meal, wheat bran and
corn and oat chop. Each cow should be
fed as much of this feed as she requires,
the quantity depending upon the quality
of the pasture, the amount of milk she
is giving and the condition of each cow.
The strippers would probably not re¬
quire any grain, and it is doubtful if it
would pay to grain the fresh cows much
while they have the best June pasture in
sufficient quantity ; but as soon as the
pasture grasses begin to get dry and
hard and the cows show a decrease in
their milk production it is necessary to
supply a good grain ration to make up
the deficiency. Cows and horses should
be salted every day, giving them as
much as they will lick up in a few
minutes. Barrel salt is generally pre¬
ferred, although rock salt and salt
bricks are much used for horses es¬
pecially.
2. A good feed for your mare would
be about 10 or 12 pounds of Timothy
hay and a mixture of corn and oat chop
and wheat bran equal parts by measure
Feed just enough to start her gaining
nicely, probably about 10 quarts a day
of the mixture would be about right,
but the quantity must be regulated, ac¬
cording to the requirements of each in¬
dividual animal, as some horses require
much more feed than others. After her
condition has improved sufficiently it
would be better to feed a mixture of
three-fourths oats and one-fourth bran,
as a driving horse on light work should
not require any corn. I cannot advise
the use of powders unless your horse is
sick. Her condition can be improved
with feed much better than with medi¬
cine. c. s. G.
GUERNSEY CATTLE CLUB.
At the annual meeting of the club, held
In New York May 10. admission to regis¬
try in this country of “foundation stock”
from the Island of Guernsey was dis¬
cussed. Pedigree records have been kept
rather loosely on the Island, and the par¬
entage and date of birth of some excellent
cows there has been lost. It was decided
to amend the by-laws so that such animals,
with progeny in the advanced registry here
may be admitted to the American herd
book.
A resolution was passed aiming to mod¬
ify the advanced registry so that due im-
Sincc that paragraph about the silage
corn grown on the Blue Kidge of Central
Virginia appeared in The R. N.-Y. I have
received dozens of letters from’ Maine to
Wisconsin about it, and desiring not only
more information in regard to it, but or¬
ders for seed, of which I have none, nor
can it he had from our local dealers. Regu¬
lar customers do not chance getting their
orders filled, and the “crib” is empty for
future buyers. One dealer near here had
750 bushels ordered by li is patrons. I do
not know that I can add more than to say
that this particular corn is grown in Albe¬
marle Co., Ya., and so far, is raised and
sold by the farmers themselves about Afton
and Batesville. It was "discovered” by the
silo men of northeast Ohio by accident, and
a fortunate discovery it was, as the sales
of thousands of bushels testify, and this is
rapidly increasing. While it matures all
right for seed up here, a crop from its own
seed is a rank failure. To show the supe¬
riority of this Blue Ridge corn for silage,
I append a very recent announcement from
the northern Ohio Experiment Station,
where they have, for several years, experi¬
mented with five or six of the leading and
much advertised varieties of silage corn,
and this Blue Ridge as the average lias al¬
ways proved its superiority. From their
last announcement put out May 1, it shows
that the Blue Ridge gave Jhem 14.68 tons
per acre, 599 pounds protein per acre, 5,528
pounds of carbohydrates and 17!) pounds
fat. The nearest approach was the Hickory
King with 13.98 tons, 523 of protein, 4,591
pounds of carbohydrates and 134 pounds
fat, which means 70 pounds less fodder, 76
pounds less protein, 937 pounds less carbo¬
hydrates, and 45 pounds less fat per acre,
calculated as digestible matter, in all ex¬
hibits. The Learning corn did not show up
well in "-comparison, though much recom¬
mended in some quarters, as being so much
more solid and free from greenness, and
water. The Learning showed 9% tons, 478
pounds protein, 3,905 pounds carbohydrates,
and 140 of fat per acre, being short of the
Blue Ridge 5% tons, 1,563 on carbohydrates
and 39 pounds in fat per acre. Some of
the reasons for the popularity of the Blue
Ridge corn is that its germinating power
or quality is great, 96 to the 100 can be
depended to grow, it is of rapid growth, the
seed comes graded, so that all tip and butt
kernels are taken out, making even drill
work and it matures fully for the silo in¬
side of 120 days. This article is in no
way to be regarded as an advertisement, but
as an answer — as best I can— to the many
letters received from R. N.-Y. readers, and
interested silo men. John gould.
Ohio.
The
Perfection Jr. Churn
and Butter Worker
You can make highest quality butter as
quickly and economically as the large
creameries do. You can get more butter,
sell it at fancy prices and put the extra
profits in your own pocket.
The Perfection Jr. takes the last grain
of butter fat out of every drop of milk.
Both churns and works in one operation.
Gives as good results with little cream or
filled to capacity. Perfect for salting and
control of moisture. Butter stays all in
one niece. Easily removed. The perfect
churn for dairy farmers and a money
maker for everyone who uses it.
Quickly cleaned— absolutely sanitary— econom¬
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sizes: 30 gallon, $60: 40 gallon, $67.50; 50 gallon,
$75; 150 gallon, $90.
rn[r Ask for our free butter makers book
I" W f f containing interesting information
" and lowest prices on all dairy supplies.
«/. G. CHERRY CO.
1 0 Tenth Ave., Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Peoria, III. St. Paul, Minn.
W hen Butter-F at is Low
You need more than ever the service of
the best Cream Separator made — The
United States Cream Separator
First, because economy is absolutely necessary, and you
must get every bit of the cream from your milk.
The U. S. Separator is the closest skimmer in the world.
It holds the World’s Record for close skimming won in
a contest of fifty consecutive tests, extending over 30 days,
with the milk of 10 different breeds of cows. This is
no time for you to use a cream-losing Separator.
Second, because high-grade cream and butter are
never a drug on the market. • The perfect skimming
device of the United States Separator, which has been
washed and made absolutely sanitary in 10 seconds,
and is cleaned by centrifugal force, insures the highest
quality product. Easy cleaning and thorough cleaning
can be accomplished with the United States Separator
in a space of time impossible with other Separators.
These two points (only two of many) make the United
Strftes Separator the logical purchase under present condi¬
tions. If you have any other kind of Separator, which
should be discarded, our local selling agent nearest you
will make you a liberal exchange offer.
Write direct for catalog No. 159.
Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.
Conlinuous-Opening, Braced
Door - Frame, Permanent
Ladder, Interchangeable
Doors, Lightest and
Tightest Doors.
Strongest Hoops,
Best Materials,
Three Styles, Five
kinds of Lum¬
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other advan¬
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in our
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Our
Silo
Catalog
contains
the latest
Information
about Silos,
We invented
the Modern Silo
and have led the
way in improve¬
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largest variety of
styles and sizes. Send
for our catalog of Silos
and Silo Fillers. “The
kind Uncle Sam uses.”
Harder Mfg. Company
1 1 Cobles kill, N. Y.
Box
Make It Yourself
If you have timber, save money
and make money sawing for
others, with a Portable
American Saw Mill
Simple, reliable, little power
needed, no experience necessary.
Catalog free. Also describes wood¬
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AMERICAN SAW MILL MACH'Y CO.
129 Hope St., HnckettBtown, N.<l,
1682 Terminal Bldgs., New York
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE
GUARANTEED MON EY-SAVINd
yi
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoop-
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International Silo fn.j II 3 Uain St.. Linear!!!** Bto
SILO FILLING
MACHINERY
BLOWER and Travel
Ing FEED TABLE
Made
in
sizes to
suit all
wants
from 5 to
15 II. P. Engine.
Sold on their own merits.
No Money Required with Order
Fill Your Silo— Pay Afterward*
Write for catalog nnd information. A postal will do.
The E. W. ROSS CO., Box 13 Springfield, O.
Here’s the only blower ensilage gp
cutter that can be depended upon to gsg
do good work under all conditions.
PAPEC ENSILAGE ZZZ
PNEUMATIC 1:1 CUTTER
Cuts and elevates silage with less
power than any other cutter. Easy
to set up and operate; no wood to 0%
twist and warp; elevates over 50 feet
without clogging. Write for booklet,
' ‘How to Prepare Ensilage,” FREE, wt’
PAPEC MACHINE CO., Box 10, Shorlsville, N. T. ^
Distributing Points;
Des Moines Silo & Mfg. Co., lies Moines. Ia. jfcg*
Western Implement Co.. Indianapolis. Ind.
Dallman & Cooper Co., Fond du Lac, Wis. jggK
THE UNADILLA SILO
Is superior to any other offered.
A practical Silo for a sensible
farmer. Write for our
“TWENTY FIVE REASONS”
why it is the best.
We also manufacture Farm
Water Tubs and are New Eng¬
land representatives for Papec
Cutters and are in position to
quote low prices upon receipt of
inquiry. Extra discount for
early orders. Agents wanted.
THE UNADILLA SILO CO., Inc., Box B, Unadiila, N. Y.
GREEN MOUNTAIN SILOS
Write TODAY for Booklet to
CREAMERY PACKAGE MANUFACTURING CO
338 West St., Rutland. Vt.
INDIANA SILOS
Nowin uso everywhere. Any user
will tell you why Indiana Silos are
the “best and cheapest.” Let us
send you the F ree book that solves
the high priced feed question —
SILO PROFITS.” Our Factories
are located at Anderson, Ind., Des
Moines, Iowa, and Kansas City.
Mo. Write for Silo Catalog Today.
INDIANA SILO COMPANY
318 Union Building, Anderson, Ind.
CLIMAX
ENSILAGE
CUTTERS
“The Complete Machine.” Don’t buy an
ensilage cutter until you have read our catalog.
WARSAW- WILKINSON CO., 50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y.
613
the: rural new-yorkek
May 20,
PUBLISHER’S DESK
At last wo have our pay in full (.$9.34)
for the ease of eggs shipped .1. W. "Maloney
Co. last July, which we placed in your
hands to trace up after we had done our
best. The It. N.-Y. is the best all-round
farm paper that I ever read. In apprecia¬
tion of your unselfish efforts in giving us
a square deal, I enclose one dollar for
which please send The R. N.-Y. for one
year to our neighbor. f. c. b.
New York.
It is pleasant to receive such tokens
of appreciation as the above. It makes
one feel that " the work is not in vain.
But the greatest pleasure conies from
being able to direct the forces and
po\vcr put into our hands by subscribers
to compel some of the welchers to hand
out the cash.
You speak of the fakes in mining stock,
but the same principle applies to other
fake enterprises. See the inclosed letter
from the United Motors Co., 2 West 33d
Street, New York. You can buy stock for
the privilege of buying tires. It may be
all right, but it has the Lewis earmarks.
Pennsylvania. w. h. r.
“Lewis earmarks,” is good. Look for
these earmarks; you will always find
them on the fakes. What a beautiful
theory ! Buy stock in the company, and
then buy its products to pay yourself
dividends, and incidentally to pay divi¬
dends to others. In this case there is
five millions of stock, and on their own
statement less than $400,000 of actual
assets. So that for every dollar you put
in you get about eight cents worth of
these assets, and 42 cents worth of
prospects or wind.
Can you tell me anything about .T. A.
Bennett & Sons Co., of Gouverneur, N. Y..
dealers and makers of incubators and
brooders? On March 23, 1911, 1 sent them
an order for an incubator and brooder
lamp, with P. o. order for $8.25. 1 have
never received them and they never have
written me. They drew the money March
25. I have demanded the return of my
money ; if they were on the level they
would have answered my letters. If they
are doing crooked business the public ought
to know it. u. f. pc
Connecticut.
On April G my man, Wm. Beible, sent a
money order to .7. A. Bennett & Sons Co.,
Gouverneur, N. Y„ for $5 for a brooder,
and has not received the brooder, has writ¬
ten twice, but has received no reply and
no notification of its being shipped.' Are
they responsible parties? c. w. w.
New \Tork.
We were obliged to warn subscribers
some years ago against sending money
to this concern, and above letters indi¬
cate the necessity of repeating the ad¬
vice. We have written J. A. Bennett
fr Son several times in the interest of
these subscribers, but our letters have
been ignored also. Complaint should be
made to the Post Master General,
Washington, D. C.
The total approved claims against the
Carnegie Trust Company of New York City
is only $6,158,000, while the schedule of
assets shows $10,023,000. There is a
“nigger in the woodpile” somewhere if there
is a shrinkage of nearly $4,000,000. In
fact, I think there will not only be enough
to pay depositors, but quite a dividend to
stockholders. The only explanation would
seem to be an effort to scare* depositors to
get them to sell out at 50 cents on the dol¬
lar or more. j. g.
New Y*o rk.
This Carnegie Trust Co. affair has-
grown to be a scandal not only to the
city of New York but also to the whole
State Banking Department. City offi¬
cials are involved in its collapse, and
one of them is under indictment. The
[Banking Department of the State per¬
mitted it to receive money from un¬
suspecting depositors long after well in¬
formed banking circles knew it to be
unsound. Now the assets are in the
hands of the Department, and depositors
are kept in ignorance of the condition
of its affairs while speculators, ap¬
parently well advised, offer them 50
per cent for their claims. What is a
Banking Department for anyway?
One by one the papers and magazines
that sell stock or other securities to sub¬
scribers come to grief or pass over to
other control. The Circle Magazine
went out of existence entirely. Mvrick’s
Cushman relics shunted to the West six
months in advance of financial collapse.
His Good Housekeeping has since
passed’ to other hands, and now “Hamp¬
ton’s,” which was to be the great ex¬
ponent of independence has, it is re¬
ported, gone over in combination with
“Columbian Magazine.” What has be¬
come of the millions of stock of these
shifting enterprises is not made clear
in the reports given out. But the
country stockholders will understand
from the reports just about how much
consideration has been given their in¬
terests. We wonder how many of
them got detailed reports showing the
price paid for the property in which they
are part owners.
An involuntary petition in bankruptcy
was filed May 2 against White, Von
Glahn & Co., New York City, by two
creditors in claims amounting to $24,-
700. It is an old house, and has been
in good standing, but its departure of
selling stock to customers and country
investors generally was a timely indi¬
cation of financial difficulties. When
any house or concern resorts to the ex¬
pedient of asking its customers to fur¬
nish the cash to finance it, you can
safely conclude that the proposition
needs investigation.
Your letter of March 29 as well as check
from N. Y. C. & II. It. It. It. to hand. It
was a great surprise to rue, and I thank you
very much for the interest you have taken
in this matter for me, as I was positive
that this was a total loss, and particularly
so when it was found that the barrel was
misbilled. The railroad agent here gave
me to understand as much, and gave me
quite a laugh when I told him that you had
taken up the matter and were trying to get
a settlement. However, I shall show him
the check and laugh also. A. D. h.
Connecticut.
March 23, 1910, a barrel of clothing
was sent to Mr. Stone from New York
to Cannon Station. The barrel was
marked castings by the agent here, who
delivered it to the 33rd Street Station
of the New York Central R. R. instead
of the New York, New Haven & Hart¬
ford R. R. The shipment was lost and
tracer sent out for it, but shipper re¬
ceived no definite advice from the rail¬
road and sent the claim -to us. The
clothing was valued at $55. We have
been following it up for nearly a year.
One excuse for not paying the claim was
the error in marking the hox castings
instead of clothing. Finally, as the
barrel could not be located, the company
requested itemized bill of the goods and
their value. This was sent on several
different occasions, and at last check for
$50 was sent in settlement, which we
accepted. The adjustment took just
about a full year.
I wish to thank you for your efforts to¬
ward getting my check from T. C. Teague,
of Philadelphia. 1 received my check for
$8.55 in payment for huckleberries shipped
July 16. 1910, last week. T. C. Teague is
now doing business in West Philadelphia
I understand. I am the only one as yet
in this section he has paid. J. j. B.
Delaware.
We had a hard scramble for that
$8.55. On July 16, 1910, the farmer sent
T. C. Teague, 3020 Market street, Phil¬
adelphia, Pa., five crates of huckle¬
berries. Acknowledgment was made
promptly. It was, however, three weeks
before check for $8.55 was received, and
as Mr. Teague’s checks to some other
parties in this section had been pro¬
tested, the shipper sent his check to the
Philadelphia bank on which it was
drawn for payment, but payment was re¬
fused because of insufficient cash to
cover the amount. The account was sent
to us in August, but we were unable to
get any reply from Mr. Teague. We
finally placed the account in the hands
of our attorney, who, after repeated
attempts to collect, reported that the
only recourse was a suit, but we could
hardly advise a suit for an $8 claim.
The whole matter was then placed in
the hands of a Post Office inspector,
and after some months Mr. Teague was
induced to send a check for $8.55 to
cover. We think the P.ost Office in¬
spector deserves more credit in this case
than The R. N.-Y.. and we" gladly ac¬
knowledge his services in the case.
Recently I bought a horse in a New York
City stable. I got with it a written guar¬
antee that the horse was free and clear
from all encumbrances, and if not satisfac¬
tory it would be exchanged for another :
also money refunded if not as represente'd.
It was pavement-sore, but represented not
to be lame after driving a short time. I
doctored her feet a week, but she is yet
very lame and unable to work. Can you
determine for me if the people are respon¬
sible and will stand by the agreement? I
do not want to go to the expense of send
ing her back if I can derive no benefit.
New York. m. u.
There is no use to come back on a
New York horse stable, except one or ;
two of the larger reliable concerns,
handling high-priced horses. They will
guarantee anything; but. few of them
have any responsibility and it is seldom
that you can find the man who sold you.
Go hack and they will tell you he is not
there. If you do take such a horse back,
and get another, thev will make you put
up more new money than the new horse
is worth, and probably stick you worse
than before. If you buy horses in these
stables, you must put up your money on
your own judgment, and keep your
hands on the horse until you get out of
the street. If they offer to drive him
to the ferry, they will probably exchange
him for another. If you do not have
confidence in your own judgment of a
horse, don’t buy from these stables. T
doubt if one of them could tell the truth
about a horse, even if it served him bet¬
ter than the fiction. j. j. d.
BUSINESS-LIKE farmers
have learned what all busi-
ness men ought to learn — that labor-sav¬
ing equipment earns more than it costs.
The next step in this direction on any farm is
the purchase of a good gasoline engine; the most
useful general labor-saver you ever had; earns
its cost every six months, or less.
When you’re ready to consider it, get infor¬
mation about the Olds Gasoline Engine; send
to us for catalogue, and full details.
• •
We’ve been building these engines for 30
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We’re making the best engine in the world;
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Simplicity of construction, economy of
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Get acquainted with the Olds.
Seager Engine Works
908 Seager Street, Lansing, Mich.
Branch
Offices
{Mallalieu & Conrey, 1816 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Deyo-Macey Engine Co., 26 Washington St., Binghamton, N. Y.
Robt. W. Hart, Mgr. Seager Engine Works, 67 Beverly St., Boston
2.% and 3'A Horsepower
When you huy an engine he sure you get
all you pay for. Deyo Engines have
everything but gasoline included in reg¬
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price and one quality. The lowest and
the best. Write for bulletin 4-B.
DEYO-MACEY ENGINE CO., Binghamton, N. Y.
Manufacturer* ot Or v o Power Spray.cr*
r
Gasoline Engines
PAY
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IF YOU ARE
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Stationaries, Portables, Etc-.
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CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO..
Box 28, Sterling, 111., li. S. A,
EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION
Warranted Tiie Best. 30 Days’ Trial
Unlike all others. Stationary when open
Noiseless Simple Sanitary Durable
The Wasson Stanchion Co.,
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ROBKllTSOVS CHAIN
II A N 6 1 N G STAN Cll ION 8
“I have used them for more
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Justus H. Cooley, M.D., Plainfield
Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J. •
Thirty days’ trial on application
O. II. KOBEKTSON
Wash. St., Eorcstville, Coun.
rOIIM Q’C IMPROVED
UnUlYlOO WARRINER
STANCHION
Send for my booklet
and learn why these fas¬
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in the stables of many
PUBLIC
INSTITUTIONS
WALLACE B. CKUMIt, Box M4, Forcstvlllo, Conn.
COW COMFORT
Means additional profit. Simple
durable, easily looked. Foster
Steel Stone li loan cannot be
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬
tom chains permit free head move¬
ment, standing or lying down, yet
keep cattle lined up and clean.
Write for new booklet showing
model stables.
Foster Steel Stanchion Co.,
906 Ins. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.
1911
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
eie
CONTENTS
The Rural New Yorker, May 20, 1911.
FARM TOPICS.
Wlreworras and Mien . 602
What Shall We Do With the Manure? 602
Chemicals for the Hay Crop . 00:5
Hay Making in Illinois . 603
An" Experience with Vetch . 603
A New Agricultural Society . 604
Crop Notes . 604
Smut in Corn . 604
Ammonia and Nitrogen . 604
Making a Hay Farm . 1)05
Cleaning Out Poison Ivy . 605
What Crop Before Alfalfa? . 605
A Tennessee Farm . 605
Rye or Vetch with Buckwheat . 606
Rye for the Silo. Part II . . 606
Saving the Seed of Vetch . 607
More About Ground Limestone . 607
Truth About the "Sand Hills” . 607
Hope Farm Notes . 608
Diary of Farm Work . 611
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY.
Mapes the Heu Man Comes Back With
a New Hen Story . 601,
Live Stock and Poison Sprays .
Guernsey Cattle Club .
Cows Leaking Milk .
High Dairying in Wall Street .
Substitute for Calf's Milk .
A Small Summer Silo .
Milk .
Milking the Ohio Men .
A New Sort of Horse Company .
That Hen Contest .
The Egg-Eating I-Iabit .
Big Eggs .
Good R. I. Reds .
A Duck of a Duck .
602
605
617
614
614
614
614
615
615
615
616
616
616
616
616
HORTICULTURE.
Simple Apple Storage . 602
A Garden With Chemicals . 604
Cover Crops in Orchard . 604
Grass for Sod Growing . 609
Ants in Lawn . 609
M ice-gnawed Trees . 609
WOMAN AND THE HOME.
From Day to Day . 612
Homemade Floor Coverings . 612
Dry Mops and Bagged Brooms . 613
When Lemons Are "It" . 613
The Rural Patterns . 613
Amber Marmalade . 613
More About Shoe Numbers . 613
Intensive Farmers . 613
MISCELLANEOUS.
Cinders Rusting Fence . 604
Products, Prices and Trade . 606
Editorials . 610
Other People’s Money . 611
Events of the Week . 611
Publisher’s Desk . 618
MARKETS
Wholesale at New York,
Week Ending May 12, 1911.
BUTTER
Trade is dull, and considerable faulty
stock is noted in current receipts.
Creamery, fancy, lb . 21 IQ .22;
Good to Choice . 19 ® .20
Lower Grades . 15 & .18
Storage . 15 @ .20
State Dairy, best . 20 ® .21
Common to Good . It @ .18
Factory . 14 ® .10
Packing 8tock . 12 @ .15
Elgin 111. butter market firm at 21*4 cents.
Boston, western creamery, 22)6 cents.
Philadelphia, western creamery, 28 cents.
CHEESE
Market generally dull, except on some of
finest lots of old colored.
Full Cream, best. Fall made . 12 ® .14
Common to Good . .. .10 @ .11
New Made . 09 ® .11
Skims . 03 @ .09
EGGS
Receipts are large, hut storage operations
are so active that the market is not over¬
loaded.
White, good to choice . 18 @ .21
Mixed Colors, best . 17 @ .18
Common to Good . 15 @ .17
Western, best . 18 @ .19
Under grades . 12 ® .15
Duck eggs, dozen . 20 ® .22
BEANS
choice marrow and Red Kid-
Market on
ney firm.
Marrow, 100 lbs . 3.U0
Medium.... . 3.00
Pea . 3.00
Yellow Eye . 3.50
Red Kidney . 6.00
WhiteKidney . 5.00
Lima, California. ... . . 6.70
HOI’S
Demand strong for new
any old stocks available.
Prime to Choice . • .
Common to Good . 28
Pacific Coast
German Crop, 1910 . . ...... .50
CIDER VINEGAR
N. 1'. prices for single barrel lots.
Extra Choice Old, gal . 22
Standard Grade .
PRIED FRUITS
Some future sales of eva;
at 8% are reported.
Apples, evap. prime . 12
Evap., com. to good
Snn Dried .
Chops .
Cores and Skins _
Raspberries . 28
Cherries . 14
3.70
3.45
3.50
@.3,60
® 6.60
® 5.10
®
IQ
®
6.70
6.85
itracts
and
On
.31
.28
@
.29
(„
.24
.50
@
.54
lots.
.22
®
.24
.13
@
.15
a ted
apples
.12
@
13
@
.11
.06
@
.07 %
.07
®
.07 '4
®
.07*4
@
.31
.14
@
.18
FRESH FRUITS
The few choice apples left are selling
well ; very little demand for poor stocks.
Strawberry receipts light and quality fair.
A few poaches from Florida are noted.
Apples, Russet, bbl . 3 00 @ 5.00
Greening . 4.00 ® 7.00
Baldwin . 4.00 ® 6.00
Ben Davis . 3.50 ® 5.50
Spy . 4.00 ® 7.00
Western —
Newtown, box . 1.75 ® 2.75
Rome, box . 2.00 @ 2 75
Black Ben, box . 2 00 ® 2.50
Gano. box . 1.75 ® 2.25
Strawberries. Virginia, qt _ ' . 12 ® .18
Carolina . 13 ® .25
Peaches, Fla., carrier . 1.50 ® 2.50
Muskmelons, Fla., crate . 2.00 ® 3.90
Watermelons, Fla., each . 25 ® .40
VEG ETA BEES
Market on both old and new potatoes
very weak. Asparagus in rather free sup¬
ply and selling in a lower range. Cab¬
bages higher. Cucumbers and lettuce very
weak. Tomato market firm.
Potatoes— N. Y. State, 180 lbs.. . 1.62
Maine . 1.75
Southern, new, No. 1, bbl . 4.50
Southern, new, No. 2, bbl . 3.00
Sweet, Jersey, bkt . 1.00
Asparagus, Jersey, green, f'ey . 2.25
Jersey, white, f'ey . 2.00
Long Island, white, prime.. . 1.50
Penn., green, choice . 2.50
Culls . . . ' 1.00
Beets, new, 100 bunches . 3.00
Carrots, bbl . 2.00
Southern, new, 100 bunches . 2.00
Cabbage — old. ton . 3.00
New. Southern, bbl . 1 25
Chicory, bbl . 3.60
Sweet Corn, Southern. 100 . 3.00
Cucumbers. Fla. bu.. , . 1.00
Escarol, bbl . 3.50
Kohlrabi, Southern. 100 bunches . 4.00
Lettuce, hj-bbl. bkt . 50
Peppers. Southern, bu . -. _ 1 .50
Horseradish, 100 lbs . 4.00
Okra. Fla. Carrier . 2.00
Onions, Texas, new, crate . 1.50
Bermuda, crate . 1.75
Peas. Southern, bu . 1.50
Radishes, S'n 8> bbl. bkt . 50
Rhubarb, 100 bunches . 2.00
Salsify, 100 bunches . 3.00
String Beans, bu . 75
Spinach, bbl . 1.00
Squash, bbl . 1.75
New, bu . 75
Turnins, Rutabaga, bbl . 2.00
White, bbl . 1.00
Leeks, 100 bunches . 2.00
Egg Plants. Fla., box . 1 .00
Parsley bbl . 2.00
Tomatoes, Fla. crate . 1.50
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS
® 1.87
1 3 2.00
(a 5.00
® 4.25
@ 2 00
® 2.75
@ 2.50
® 2.00
@ 3.00
@ 1.25
® 4.00
® 2.25
@ 4 .00
® 7.00
® 2.00
® 4.00
® 4.00
® 1.75
® 4.50
® 6 00
® 2.00
® 2.50
® 7.00
® 3.00
® 2.50
® 1.85
fw 3.50
® 1.00
® 3.00
@ 4.00
@ 2.25
® 1.50
® 2 50
® 1. 00
@ 2.25
® 1 .50
® 2.50
® 1.50
® 5.00
® 3.00
Many of the mushrooms received are
poor. Choice are selling higher. Toma¬
toes scarce.
Cucumbers, best, doz . 60 ® .65
Common to good . 40 ® .50
Mushrooms, lb . 15 ® .50
Tomatoes, lb . 10 ® .20
LIVE POULTRY
Business is active and market improved.
Chickens, Broilers, lb . 30 @ .35
Fowls . 14 ® .15
Roosters . 09 @ .09)6
Ducks . 13 @ .14
Geese . .09 ® .10
Turkeys . 12 ® .13
DRESSED POULTRY— Fresh Killed
Fowls in food demand. Turkeys scarce
and poor.
Turkeys, best . 15 ® 16
Common to Good . .13 ® .14
Chickens, fancy broilers, lb . 35 @ .45
Broilers, common to good . 25 @ .30
Fowls . 14 @ .15
Squabs, doz . 1.75 ® 4.26
DRESSED- POULTRY— Frozen
Fancy roasting chickens very firm. Other
poultry selliug slowly.
Turkeys, best . 22 ® .23
Chickens, milk-fed broilers . .22 ® .25
Corn-fed broilers . 18 @ .22
Milk-fed roasters . 17 ® .18)4
Corn-fed roasters . 15 ® .16)6
Fowls . 12 ® .15
Ducks, best . 15 @ .16
Common to good . 13 ® .14
Geese . 07 ® .11
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS
Calves in good demand and slightly
higher. Lambs in large supply but of bet¬
ter quality.
Calves, good to prime . 09 ® .10
Common . . U6 @ 08
Lambs, hothouse, head . 3.00 ® G.50
fiAY AND STRAW
Market active on higher grades of Tim¬
othy and clover. Low grades accumulating
and dull.
Elay, No. 1, ton . 25.00 ® 26.00
No. 2 . 22.00 ® 24.00
No. 3 . 18.00 @ 10.00
Clover Mixed . 15.00 ® 21 00
Clover . ...12.00 ® 19.00
Straw, Rye . 9.00 @ 11.00
Oat and Wheat . 8.00 ® 9.00
LIVE STOCK
Native Steers, 100 lbs . 5 55 ® 6 40
Bulls . 4.00 ® 5.50
Cows . 2 00 ® 4.75
Calves, Prime Veal, 100 lbs . 5.00 ® 7.50
Culls . 4.00 ® 4 50
Sheep. 100 lbs . 3.25 ® 4.uo
Lambs . 6.50 ® 6/25
Hogs . . 6 00 @6.75
GRAIN
Wheat, No. 1. Northern Spring . 1.10 ®
No. 2, Red . 99 r@ ...
No. 1 Macaroni . 97 © ...
Corn, as to quality, bush . 53 ® .59
Oats, as to weight, bush . 35 @ ,39
MILL FRED
Spring Bran, ton . 26.25 @ 27.50
Standard Middlings . 27.00 @ 28.00
Red Dog . 28.01) @ 29.00
Hominy Chop . 22.50 @ 23.00
Linseed Meal . 33.00 @ 34 00
Corn Meal . 23.U0 @ 24.00
COTTON
New York, Middling Upland . 15.90
Middling Gulf . 16.15
New Orleans, Low Middling . n.87
Good Middling . 15.78
WOOL
NewYorkFleeces, Delaine, unwashed. . 22 ® .23
Ohio half blobd combing . 26 @ .27
Kentucky, three-eighths blood . ’24 @ 25
Michigan, half blood . 24 @ !?5
TOBACCO.
Conn, broadleaf-llller . 08 ® .10
Fine wrppcs . 6(1 @ .75
N. Y. State Fillers . 05 @ .00
Fine and Selections . r> ® .16
Ohio. Zimmer's Spanish. . 19 @ .20
Virginia Dark Lugs . 07 @ .09b;
Dark Leaf . iu ® .20'
Bright Cutters . 12 ® 30
The MACY SEPARATOR
.45
SEND NO MONEY
30 Days Trial
Supply Can
You waste money
if you pay a cent
more than our price
for a Cream Separa¬
tor. You can’t af¬
ford to buy from
anyone at any price
until you have sent
a postal card or a
letter asking us for
our special Cream
Separator offer. We save you half of agents’
prices— we allow you 30 days trial on your
own farm — you needn’t send us a cent in ad¬
vance, if you prefer not to.
THE MACY IS THE BEST AND
YOU CAN PROVE IT
We will send you a machine on trial so you can find
out how good it is. No Separator costs more to manu¬
facture than the Macy, yet our price is half the price
asked by Agents. Easiest cleaned machine because its
skimming device is aluminum. Frictionless pivot ball
bearings make it easiest running. Guaranteed forever.
Five sizes ; five popular- factory-to-farm prices. Cut
out the middleman's profit— ketp this money
in your own pocket. Write to-day for our special intro¬
ductory offer.
R. H. MACY & CO.
801 Macy Building, - New York
Farmers Now
Making Cheese
Invention of Wonderful Com¬
plete Cheese-Making Outfit
Enables Every Farm Home to
Make Cheese at a big Profit.
It is no longer necessary for Farmers to buy
store cheese at a high price, or sell their milk to
the Cheese Trust at a low price. A clever inven¬
tor has perfected a Complete Cheese-Making
Outfit which enables every Farmer to make either
a soft, rich, granular, or American Cheddar
cheese right at home either for his own con¬
sumption or for sale to Dealers,
Outfit consists of the following: One Cheese
Press, One Horizontal Curd Knife, One Perpen¬
dicular Curd Knife, One Dairy Thermometer,
One Bottle Rennett Extract, One Bottle Col¬
oring Matter and One Mold. This Complete
Cheese-Making Outfit is sold direct from factory
to farm at one small profit over actual cost to
manufacture. It is simple, inexpensive, easily
operated and pays for itself in a very short time.
Capacity of this Outfit is from 25 to 40 quarts,
making a cheese weighing from eight to ten
pounds. With milk selling around 80 and 90 cents
per hundred, any Farmer can save about one-
third of the price he pays for store cheese, and
at the same time have an outlet for either his
whole or skimmed milk. This excellent home¬
made cheese sells readily to the Dealer at a big
profit, either for cash or in exchange for goods.
This wonderful Complete Cheese-Making Outfit
is manufactured by the Holland Sporting Goods
Mfg. Co., Dept. E Holland, Mich. Every Farmer
should write them for full description of the Out¬
fit, prices, etc., and exact directions telling how
to make cheese at a profit right on the farm.
A Reliable Water Supply System
Have "running water when amt where
you want It.” Pumped from stream, pond
orspring. Noexpfense tor powerjno trouble;
no repairs. Install U yourself, or we will
Install for you a
FOSTER HIGH-DUTY RAM
ami guarantee to put it in to your on-
tiro satisfaction, for a fixcl sum,
ogrootl upon in a<!vatico. No trouble
Or exponso to maintain. Write us. }
Power Specialty Company
111 Broadway, Now York
flsfck
The terra conn tile well cistern is the simplest,
cheapest, most practical and sanitary method
known for producing plenty of pure water for
village or city water supplies, for Fire Depts,
irrigating or domestic purposes, protected by
patents, endorsed by the U. S. Geological survey,
easy to learn and operate, plenty of work and large
profits. State and county rights for sale. A
full investigation solicited. For particulars en¬
quire of J. ELLIOTT, Melville, N. Y.
I WILL pay big wages and
furnish house free to a
first rate farm hand who
understands cultivation,
spraying and pruning peach
and apple trees — married
man preferred. Address giv¬
ing references and wages
expected. GEO. BATTEN,
Walpack Centre, New Jersey.
New Method of Celery Growing.
Can you describe the new method of
growing celery without banking, as appears
to be practiced by some ? e. r.
Meadville, I’a.
This “new” method consists in planting
the celery close together on rich level ground
The plants are put one foot or 15 inches
each way. The ground is made verv rich with
manure or fertilizer and thoroughly fined.
It is necessary to have some system of ir¬
rigation to .provide water. The plants are
forced into a rank, solid growth, and being
so close together they shade and blanch
each other. This is no "system” for an
amateur !
FARM FOR SALE— Ideal place for city party wanting
Summer Home for family. Write for particu¬
lars. No postals. 1SOX 63, Oak - Hill, N. Y.
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & COMPANY,
Commission Merchants, 284 Washington St., New York,
Poultry, F.ggs, Meats, Produce. Shipments Solicited.
Boston Produce Co.
Commission Merchants,
Fruits and Produce. Consignments Solicited
93-95 South Market St., - Boston.
Highest Quality and Best Color
The prepotency of the Guernsey Bull or his
ability to stamp the desirable characteristics of the
breed on his offspring
Makes him most valuable for improving the
common dairy stock of any section.
A Dairy of Grade Guernseys will give Rich,
Fine- Flavored, High-Colored Milk,
Cream and Butter.
FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THE GRADE
GUERNSEYS BY ADDRESSING
The American Guernsey Cattle Club
Box R PETERBOEO, N. H.
T WANT to purchase 3 good
A grade Jersey Cows — must be
fresh or nearly so and bred.
Address with full description
and price, GEO. BATTEN,
Walpack Centre, New Jersey.
JERSEY COWS -ItettSrt
FRANK A. MAR0N, Bush Bldg., 34th St .Brooklyn, N.Y.
JERSEY BULL
Registered thoroughbred, about two yearsohl. First
prize winner Conn. State Fair. Lady Letty’s Victor,
sire: Beauty of Flanders, dam. Sellingeheap to close
out herd. J. P. MARST0N, 247 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.
PlTNNY BANK FARM BERKSHI RES — 3 Service Boars.
0 Booking orders for Spring Pigs. Masterpiece, Long¬
fellow and Duke Breedings. Prices reasonable. Regis¬
tration free. A. E. JONES, Itox 117, llridgehanipton, N, Y.
REGISTERED BERKSHIRE PIGS
From Son of Berryton Duke, Jr., 77341, and
well bred Sows.
JERSEY BULLS ALL SOLD. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
CHAS. B. DAYTON, Snpt.
She!<l oner oft, - - Silver Lake, Fa.
LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS.
I have for sale a limited number of four months
old registered pigs from imported sire. Better
try a pair of this genuine bacon hog. Address :
W. ALLAN GARDNER,
SNYDER, ... Erie County, N. Y.
EGGS^*S
anteed. H. A.
. $3. per
leghorns.
1HACHEK,
100. Single-comb
Good stock guar-
Ferulaek, l’a.
RABY CHICKS— Single Comb White Leghorns.
| 1 ’ Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds, 7c and Sic each.
Strong and livablo. From vigorous free range stock,
bred for utility and standard qualities. Safe delivery
guaranteed. WESLEY GRINWELL, Sodus, N Y
Eleveax First Frizes
At leading Poultry Shows, Indian Runner Ducks and
Rouen Ducks. Madison Square Garden Winners our Rose-
comb Black Minorcan won Silver Cup at Paterson and
Barred Plymouth Rocks. All eggs $2.00 per 15, 33.50 pcr30,
$X per 100. Also pure bred Angora Goats and Collie Dogs.
$10 and up. CLARK FARM, BOONTON, N. J.
I RDS OF QUA LITY, Bred to lay ; S. C. W. Leuiiorn
Hatching Eggs, 86 per 100; Chicks, $12 per 100.
S. C. R. I. Red Eggs, $8 per 100; Chicks, $15 per 100
THE WINONA FARIAS . Drawei 272 . LANSDALE PA.
CARMS WANTED— hi all parts of New York State,
1 Have great demand for good farms. Communi¬
cate with Dutchess Really Co., Pounlikeepsic. N. Y.
FOR SALF—I'n,lcl1 of 725 acres, within 50 miles
run OHkC o[ Buffalo, N. Y, Bottom lands,
thoroughly drained; 200 acres black muck soil; re¬
mainder decomposed vegetable matter, mostly in
hay; large barns, til 1 necessary machinery, railroad
switch on premises. Will pay 20 percent on invest¬
ment. Good reasons for selling. For further infor¬
mation address, A H. JACKSON, 343 Grant St. .Buffalo. N.Y.
JARM TO RENT— Good chance for the right man. Ad¬
dress Ravella Hall, Hasbvouck, Suil. Co., N.Y.
150 Farms
FOR SALE CHEAP, in fertile
Delaware Valley. New catalogue
and map free. Horace G. Reeder, Newtown, Pa.
YOVSd COUPLE wants place on farm for summer. Little ex¬
perience. Willing. Good cook. Low wuges.
S. 1. iSAKKR - - 140 Jiromlway, New York*
WANTED
— First-class Dairyman and all¬
round Farmer. Experienced
man witli college training preferred. Fine
location near city of 30,000. Registered Stock. Ex¬
cellent markets. Share proposition if preferred.
Address “MICHIGAN,’’ care Rural New-Yorker.
W A NT ED DAIRYMAN coinPetent to supervise
EXPERIENCED “Ain I IY1AM conversion of farm of 275
acres within two miles of the City of Cleveland into
a dairy farm and operato same. Preference given to
one able to contribute something to the business on
the basis of a favorable working interest. Address
I). & H., 1015 Garfield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP?
The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid
Society has on its lists men wishing to obtain em-
ploym nt upon farms. Most of them are without
experience, but they are able-bodied and willing
to work. They speak little or no English, although
many of them speak German. If you can make
use of such help, please communicate with us,
stating what you will pay, whether the work is
permanent, and whether you prefer a single or a
married man. We are a philanthropic organiza¬
tion, whose object it is to assist and encourage
Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis¬
sion to employer or employee. Address
THE J. A. 8 I. A. S., 174 Second Avenue, NEW YORK CITY
pi. EASE send a trial shipment to the Oldest Com-
* mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter
Eggs. Poultry, Pork, Calves. Hay, Grain. Beans,
Appies. etc. I!. U. WOODWARD, 302 tireonnieii St., .N.Y,
Am the Friend
F armer
Here are
Some
of My
Favorite
“Stunts”:
Running
— Corn Shelters
— Fanning Mills
— Washing Machines
— Churns
— Cream Separators
— Grindstones
— Drag Saws
— Spray Pumps
— Bone Cutters
—Watering Gardens
— Home Electric Light
Plants
— Feed Choppers
— Polishing Wheels
— Printing Presses
—Clipping Machines
— Bilge Pumps
• — Water-Supply Sys¬
tems
—Washing Buggies,
Windows, etc.
Farm Pump Engine
Running Washer, Separator and Pump
I am a mighty good friend of the Farmer and his Wife.
I’m the Silent Partner of the farm and I work without pay, for a lifetime. I’ll tackle
any task that comes my way. I’m so chock full of Power that Fve got to keep busy.
I’m the Handy Man that helps the wife — the mother — do the very hardest work.
Engine Turning Grindstone
One of 100 Uses
Announcement
to Established
Implement and
Hardware Dealers
In order to take care of the big de¬
mand for Farm Pump Engines this
summer, we are arranging to open up
new agencies immediately in territory
where we have no representation. We
distribute our entire output, both Farm
Pump Engines and Double-Efficiency
Engines, through regular established
dealers. The exclusive agency for
Fuller & Johnson Engines is a big
thing for the live dealer, as these
engines are the .most widely adver¬
tised of any and have built up a won¬
derful reputation for pumping service
and reliable power.
The gasoline engine department
should be the backbone of any imple¬
ment business.
Fuller & Johnson dealers consider
our Exclusive Agency their most
valuable franchise.
If you want to do the biggest en¬
gine business in your locality, com¬
municate with us at once and we will
tell you how. Write on your regular
letterhead and we will send you full
particulars.
:
Address your letter to our Agency
Department.
When Washday comes, I’m on the job, running the
washer and wringer and pumping the water, besides. I run
the cream separator. I churn the butter. The busier I am
the better I like it.
When I’m not helping the women folks you’ll find me
helping the men. I run the fanning mill, the. feed cutter, the
wood saw, the cider press, etc. I even turn the grindstone.
I run any kind of hand-power or foot-power machine that
is ever used on the farm. I’m a star performer at pumping.
I can pump 400 to 1,500 gallons per hour and keep it up
all day long without getting overheated. I hook up to a
pump in less than no time and need no cement foundation —
no belts, no pump jacks, no arms, no anchor posts, tanks
or towers. I’ll run outdoors, in a snowstorm, as well as
under a roof. • . i i. .
I’ll pump water on the hottest summer days for all the
stock oh the place — and plenty for house use besides.
i covered myself with glory last summer while windmills
were standing idle.
I can save so much time, work, wages, and worry that
you and your folks will wonder how you ever managed to
run the place without my assistance.
Let Me Help You Run The Farm!
FULLER & JOHNSON
FA
PUMP ENGINE
Woman’s and Man’s Greatest Work Saver
The success of the Fuller & Johnson Farm Pump Engine
is unprecedented in the history of gasoline engines. We
worked on this engine for years before we sprung the sur¬
prise. It took the farmers off their feet when we showed
them what we had. This engine is different from anything
ever known. It is a PERFECT air-cooled engine — without
fans or cooling attachments of any kind. Working parts
protected by Metal Case. Self-cooling as explained in the
catalog. It has the most complete lubricating system ever
conceived. The oil is carried up the piston by capillary at¬
traction, just as oil goes up a lamp wick. A “dry piston”
is an impossibility. Starts instantly. Needs no attention
while running. It is as high grade in every way as automobile
engines. Has pulley for running all kinds of light machines.
The whole thing comes to you complete — no extras to buy.
Ready to run inside of 15 minutes after being uncrated.
Successor to Windmills on Thousands of Farms
Thousands of Windmills are being torn down and replaced by Farm
Pump Engines. For the price of an ordinary windmill you can get this
great little engine, which not only outpumps the best Mill built, but does
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NEW BERRY CULTURE.
Tying Up the Canes,
Our system of growing the
cane berries was originated
in the Puget Sound country
in western Washington,
where some have accom¬
plished really wonderful re¬
sults. The writer takes no
credit for it except that he
assisted in perfecting some of
the details. Those afraid of
putting a lot of work on a
small piece of land may as
well stop here. There are
plenty of ways of handling an
acre of berries with less
work. It is not less work
that we want, but more ber¬
ries ; not cheaper acres, but
cheaper bushels, and we think
we have the proper method
of producing them. While
our experience with it here in
the East is not very exten¬
sive, and as far as we know
others have not tried it yet,
it is certainly worthy a more
extensive trial. We are grow¬
ing red raspberries and black¬
berries now ; expect to handle
blackcaps the same way.
The soil should be well
drained for any of the ber¬
ries, but especially for the
red raspberry, as they posi¬
tively will not stand wet feet,
and they are also more sen¬
sitive than the others to any
lack of moisture. The lighter
soils are usually recommend¬
ed for raspberries, but we
find they do very well on
our heavy clay, when well
drained. The location is not
so important except to avoid
windy places. A southern ex¬
posure would produce ber¬
ries earlier, but in our mar¬
ket it would be of little ad¬
vantage. It is better to have
the rows running north and
south, that the sun may shine
on both sides of the row. We
grow the Cuthbert red rasp¬
berry and think it is hard to
beat. We got Snyder black¬
berries, but there were some
other kinds mixed with them.
This was a serious mistake;
the others were harder to
care for and they do not
ripen together. There are
several good blackberries. We
want a hardy variety that is
adapted to our conditions, a
good cropper and not too vig¬
orous a grower. We always
get enough canes. Some va¬
rieties greatly increase the
work by excessive growth.
The rows should be full
eight feet wide, and as
FIVE-YEAR-OLD BLACKBERRIES READY FOR FIRST CROP. Fio. 213
straight as possible, to facili¬
tate cultivation. With the soil
well prepared set the plants
three feet apart in the row,
and cultivate close as soon as
the job is finished. This is
important, as the soil is
much tramped while setting
the plants, and the plants
with their root system all
broken up, struggling to keep
alive and get a new start,
need ideal soil conditions
even more than they will
later. About a foot of the
old cane should be left to’
make a few leaves and assist
in the development of the
plant until the new cane is
well started, when it is
stripped to prevent its fruit¬
ing. A row of some low-
growing crop may be grown
between the berries the first
year. Early the next Spring
set a row of seven-foot posts
in each berry row 18 or 20
feet apart. Except at the
ends we use posts a little
smaller than the regular fence
posts, and by using the dig¬
ger can set some posts that
could not be driven. Then
two No. 12 wires are stretched,
one three and the other five
feet from the ground. They
need not be very tight. We
stretch by hand and drive all
the staples tight so there is
no strain on the end posts.
The sprawling branches of
the first year’s growth are
gathered together and tied to
the wire with cotton twine,
about twice the size the gro¬
cers use for tying packages.
This takes longer than it will
to tie the larger canes the
next year, but it pays. Now
with the canes all up in a
straight narrow row the cul¬
tivator can be run close or
two horses and the spring-
tooth harrow may be used.
The first canes to start iff
the Spring, especially in the
blackberries, are from the
roots one to two or more feet
from the crown. It requires
some nerve to destroy these
fine-looking canes when those
from the crown have not yet
made their appearance, but it
is very important that the
row be kept narrow at the
bottom, never more than a
foot wide, usually only a few
inches. The rule is not more
than six canes to the hill, and
no canes between hills. Less
than six canes will do very
well with the blackberries.
Too many canes produce the
same result we would get by
«k!ii
THE KURAb NEW-YORKER
May 27,
planting corn too thick, more stalks, less corn. When
the new growth is five or six feet high the canes be¬
gin to lap out across the row. These are tied back
loosely, never drawing the string tight around a grow¬
ing cane. Until they come into full bearing they will
branch out quite freely. These branches are cut back
hard in the Spring.
So far the treatment of the different varieties is
much the same, but here in the East we must make
a difference after the second year, for, under different
soil and climatic conditions, the berries do not act the
same as they did in the West. They had a theory out
there that the size and vigor of the fruit bud depends
upon the size and vigor of the leaf directly connected
with that bud, or that the part of the new cane ex¬
posed to the sun and consequently developing large
healthy leaves would produce a better foundation for
next years crop than the lower part, which is so
shaded by the fruiting canes as to prevent the best
development of the leaves. We suspected an error
here, and took the matter up with our State Botanist.
He told us that the elaborated sap, after passing
through the leaves, is thrown into the general circula¬
tion of the plant from which the buds take their
nourishment, and that the leaf does not nourish the
bud at its axil, although in some cases the buds are
better developed near good strong leaves. This left
us about where we began, and we went to the plants
themselves, and find that under our conditions the
blackberries do make their best buds above the fruit¬
ing canes, while the red raspberries are just the op¬
posite, making their big plump fruit buds on the lower
part of the canes. And they are just as much shaded
as are the blackberries, in fact, so much shaded that
the leaves are pale or yellow and many fall off during
the growing season. In the West the whole cane was
allowed to fruit, and there were acres that averaged
10 feet high, but here on our shallow soil we think it
is not practical on account of our limited ability to
hold moisture. Our reds this year are from seven to
eight feet high and quite regular, six canes to the
hill. They are spread out fan shape, and tied to the
wire about six inches apart, which leaves no spaces
between hills. Then they are all cut off 5% to six
feet high. There are not many branches, but they
are cut back.
These canes will grow fruit spurs from one to
three feet long, and we will have all the brush we
can handle. The tying is done quite rapidly; we use
a sort of shuttle, such as the fishermen use for mak¬
ing nets, in place of a clumsy ball of string; tie the
first cane, then draw the string along the wire to the
next one, pass shuttle over the wire, around the cane,
back under the wire and between it and the string.
This makes what we call a half hitch, and we are
ready to go on to the next. With a little practice
they can be tied as fast as a good lively boy can place
them in position, going right along, rod after rod
without breaking the string. It is well to double this
half hitch around the wire, occasionally making a
hard knot, so that, in case the string should be broken,
only a few canes will be loosened. With all the canes
in a straight narrow row there is a splendid chance
for cultivation, and we improve it, using shallow and
level cultivation. I think I would be tempted to use
the shotgun if I saw a man in my berry batch with a
turning plow. All that eight-foot space between rows
is full of roots, and the best feeding ground is near
the surface. I can see no reason for tearing up those
roots more than enough to maintain a good dust
mulch. Then deep working by breaking roots makes
a lot more suckers to contend with.
Mercer Co., Pa. b. v. Egbert.
(To be continued.)
HEAVY CLAY SOIL AND GRASS.
I am trying to obtain a good lawn on clayey soil. Al¬
though it works easily, breaking up into fine particles,
after the Spring rains a hard surface crust is formed
which afterwards seams and cracks. The grass is sparse
and shallow-rooted. s. r.
Syracuse, N. Y.
We once observed a field which nature designed orig-’
inally for a brickyard made into a fine lawn. It was
a stiff, hard clay which baked hard after a few days
of hot sunshine. Grass started feebly and died early —
burned out because it could not put its roots down.
Analysis showed that this soil was rich in plant food,
but without any humus and of a pasty texture. Three
things were needed: a deeper range for the roots, an
open soil and vegetable matter to hold moisture.
After a rain and before the soil had a chance to bake
it was plowed — three heavy horses on a big plow.
Following in the furrow came a subsoil plow, which
you might call a hog’s nose made of steel and fastened
to a long bar so it will work deep into the soil. It
follows the turning plow in the furrow, ripping the
subsoil but not turning it up. Those two plows tore
up the soil to the depth of nearly 18 inches. The
owner put 3,000 pounds per acre of burned lime on
an acre and harrowed it in. It was at first almost
impossible to break up the hard lumps, but after a
rain the action of the lime made those big lumps
crumble, and the soil did not bake as before. You
could spoil a batch of bricks by dumping lime into
the clay before baking! On the field mentioned a
heavy seeding of Japanese millet was started. When
in full growth this was plowed under and the soil
firmly packed. Then grass was seeded in the Fall
with a small amount of soluble fertilizer. This grass
came in and made a good lawn. The subsoiling made
a deeper range for the grass roots, the lime changed
the character of the clay and the millet added or¬
ganic matter.
With changes to suit condition, that is the way to
start grass on a hard clay. If the lawn is small spade
it as deeply as possible. Lime heavily with burned
lime and rake or harrow in. If not convenient to use
some growing crop put on a coat of fine manure and
spade or hoe it under. Then level and sow the seed.
It will do better if seeded in late Summer or early
Fall. Use a “lawn mixture” or a combination of Blue
grass, Red-top and White clover.
HANDLING YARD MANURE EASILY.
Seeing so much printed about manure spreaders, I
want to tell how to do the work with a disk harrow
and a pair of dump boards or dump carts. I make
my stable lot long and narrow, on a level place, lot all
stock every night and feed all over the lot, moving
the feed racks from place to place as the litter gets
too high. Every once in a while I go over the lot
with a disk, after a rain, and cut all fine; do this all
Summer, and by Winter or Spring you will have a
fine lot of plant food. Now comes the money saving
part. With one man and two wagons I can put more
on the field than any manure spreader with only one
“SOAP WEED” ON THE DESERT. Fig. 214.
man to help load and do it in a satisfactory way.
The dump boards, 2x6, sides two feet high on each
wagon, make it easy for one man to unload by taking
off one side and dump whole load or part as you like.
Let helper load other wagon while gone, and an hour
before night take him along with last load, and work¬
ing right and left along your row of piles it is soon
scattered and your day’s work will please you. The
disk fines it and a potato scoop-fork loads a wagon
in no time, and once over the field with a harrow
beats any spreader, all things considered.
Texas. e. p. stones.
A TOWN HERD OF BLACKS.
The accompanying picture, Fig. 216, shows a small
but interesting herd of Angus cattle bred and raised
on a small lot in a big city. Three years ago the cow
was brought from a South Dakota ranch and stabled
in a small barn about 16 feet square, and located at
the rear of a coal and feed selling office at the corner
of Wentworth Avenue and 63d Street, Chicago. The
cow was then less than two years old and weighed
1350 pounds. She had been bred in South Dakota,
and the following Spring she brought forth a heifer
calf. Still later she was again bred, and this time
produced a fine bull calf, and she is now due to calve
in June or July, after which the whole family will be
shipped back to the 900-acre farm near Groton, South
Dakota. All of these animals are of pure Angus
stock. The cow is registered as Groton Isabella, her
sire was Ebony Lester and her dam Princess Adeline
II. The heifer is registered as Groton Fay, but if
possible this name will be changed to Chicago Girl.
She was sired by Ebony Lester III. The bull was
sired by Imported Ebrito, and the cow is now with
calf from the same sire. The bull will be registered
as Chicago Boy. The animals are owned and were
fed by Francis T. McKee. The calves were allowed
to suckle their dam until they were nearly a year old,
and great care was taken in giving them grain and
roughage with plenty of water. All the exercise they
got was in the small lot adjoining the stable, save
that Isabella and her calf were turned out on pasture
a short period of two years. The heifer last Winter
was shown at the International, where she attracted
a deal of attention from Angus breeders. Mr. McKee
has a large herd of this breed on his South Dakota
farm. j. L. graff.
Illinois.
CHANGING ALFALFA FOR CORN.
Here is a problem in selling a farm crop which gives
a good chance for figuring:
In the management of this farm I have never been able
to grow as much corn to the acre a.s I thought I should.
To make lamb feeding even up I buy more or less corn
delivered mainly in the crib this year at 40 cents per
bushel. I have been selling the surplus Alfalfa hay to
make room for the crop. After deducting 15 per cent for
shrinking my Alfalfa last year averaged a fraction over
three tons per acre. This puts over 90 bushels of com
per acre into my crib, the selling price of the hay being
$12.50 per ton. I think the hay will yield much better
this year, as the use of the spring-tooth harrow practically
cleaned out all the grass, i. e., Crab grass, Blue grass
and oxtail. john m. jamison.
Ross Co., Ohio.
This brings up several questions which every farmer
should consider. Many agricultural teachers say that
neither clover nor Alfalfa should ever be sold from
the farm. You remember what J. H. Hale says Mr.
J. S. Woodward told him (page 500) : “Never let a
load of clover hay leave your farm or go by it!”
Yet Mi-. Jamison is a good farmer, and he thinks
it pays to sell some Alfalfa and buy corn. Let us
see what the exchange means in food value and plant
food. We assume the 96 bushels means ear corn. At
the usual method of figuring this means 76.8 bushels
of shelled corn of 56 pounds each. Here is the com¬
parison in food value :
Protein. Carbs. Fat.
3 tons Alfalfa hay . 660 2376 720
76.8 bushels corn . 340 2868 1849
Here we have a loss in protein but a good gain in
the fattening elements, which are needed to fatten the
lambs. The showing for plant food is as follows :
Nitrogen. Plios. Acid. Potash.
3 tons Alfalfa hay . 132 31 100
76.8 bushels corn . 78 30 17
Here is a loss on the exchange of 54 pounds of
nitrogen and 83 pounds of potash. In the form of
chemical fertilizers this would cost nearly $15. Yet
in lamb feeding the corn or a similar feed is neces¬
sary. The lambs could not be fattened without it.
HANDLING THE STAW PILE.
The picture at Fig. 215 shows our method of
putting away the straw pile so often an eyesore on the
farm. This is not a general practice here, and in
fact we are the only ones I know of that practice
cutting up their straw. Some burn it in the field,
others sell from the field or bale it, others leave it in
the field to rot or for stock to tear down, and others
fill their spare barn room with it for bedding. The
outfit consists of a No. 12 Blizzard silage cutter and
a six-horse traction engine. This requires an engineer,
feeder, and two or three men to keep the straw to it.
The barn is 50 feet long, and at haying time is filled
as full of hay as a hayfork will fill it. This settles
some and then with the end of the pipe extending
into the barn for about five feet we fill her full to the
rafters from end to end, and it takes a pile of straw
that looks as big as the barn to do it.
Perhaps some will say, “What are you going to do
with it?” as we said to ourselves the first year we
tried putting in part of it this way. The cows find
a manger full of clover or Alfalfa, when turned in
in the evening. This is gone by the time chores are
done, so we pile the manger full of cut straw. We
thought they would pull it out under their feet by
morning but to our surprise the mangers were empty
and no extra bedding was to be seen. They eat it up
slick and clean and are still at it. Cut straw as
roughage has saved us tons of high-priced hay, and I
believe our cows have done better on it than on all
hay. We feed clover, Alfalfa, and vetch hay, silage,
kale, and roots, with oat chop and bran for mill feed,
but whatever this ration they get their daily feed of
cut straw. This has helped us solve the question of
high cost of living for the cows, and at the same
time has reduced labor. It goes in in a hurry this way,
requires no mowing away, and what goes out as bed¬
ding puts the manure in the best possible shape to
handle and become plant food again. Let those who
are looking for a cheap roughage try a little this way
(not too much or your conscience might hurt you)
and see how they eat it up like it was good. The en¬
gine besides cutting the straw furnishes power for
cutting the silage, chops the grain, cuts wood, and any¬
thing else it is called upon to do.
Oreson. chas. h. hays.
1911-
DUST METHOD OF SPRAYING.
Advantages Over Liquids in Missouri.
In a recent issue of The R. N.-Y. I noticed a letter
by Senator H. M. Dunlap, of Illinois, on orchard
spraying, etc. Like most of the Illinois apple growers,
the Senator seems to be a liquid sprayer, for he
doesn’t say anything about the so-called dust process.
Here in Missouri quite a number of the larger growers
have in later years resorted to the latter method for
fighting fungi and insect troubles because it is cheaper,
more easily done, and equally as efficient. On my or¬
chards, of about 1,000 acres, I am using both the liquid
and dust process, and so far have found very little if
any difference in results. This season I have been
compelled to use the dust entirely after the trees
bloomed, for we have had so much rain which made
the ground, especially on plowed areas, so soft that it
was impossible, and still is impossible, to get through
the orchards with the liquid spray. Senator Dunlap
having mentioned the ingredients used in his liquid
process, I will give you the formula I use in making
the dust. For a carrier which takes the place of water
I use hydrated lime, and the difference in favor of
the latter, aside from its being very light to haul, while
water is very heavy, is that lime in itself is an ex¬
cellent fungicide and insecticide, while
water has no value whatever, except as
a conveyor and distributor of the ma¬
terials which are of value. As a fungi¬
cide as well as insecticide, I have found
the following formula most satisfactory
in my orchards: To 100 pounds hy¬
drated lime I use six pounds of flour of
sulphur, three pounds powdered blue
vitriol and three pounds powdered
arsenate of lead or Paris green. The
lime and arsenate of lead having been
ground exceedingly fine, are ready to
mix with the other materials without
any additional preparation, but the
blue vitriol and sulphur I prefer to run
through a very fine sieve before mix¬
ing. I make the application with five
hand-power machines, three men to
each wagon, and aim to do the work as
near as possible when the atmosphere
is damp or dew on the foliage. Next
season I expect to equip my orchards
with four first-class gasoline power dust
machines so that I can get over them as
rapidly as possible and as often as may
appear necessary. I am no crank on the
dust process or on the liquid process as
some growers and professional men are;
I believe both are good, but the fact
that I can apply dust so much easier,
quicker and cheaper, and believing it to
be equally as good, inclines me in its
favor.
The apples in this section have about
all passed the blossoming period and are
setting well. The bloom on the Ben
Davis trees was not as heavy as usual,
and from all I can learn there will be
no bumper crop of that variety this
year in the so-called Ben Davis belt. I
hope this will afford a crumb of com¬
fort to the small army of epicurean
cranks who every now and then take a
delight, apparently, in abusing this highly popular and
most profitable commercial apple here in the Middle
West. LOUIS ERB.
THE STUDENT LABOR PROBLEM.
A Statement From Dr. L. H. Bailey.
There has been much discussion in the journals
in the past two or three years touching the problem
of student labor. There seems to be some complaint
that students from the colleges of agriculture do not
give satisfaction when they work on farms. On the
other hand, there are farmers who have derived much
satisfaction from student labor. The probability is
that the same student would not give equal satis¬
faction with two classes of employers. I am con¬
vinced that there is a general misunderstanding of
the student labor problem, and I propose to make
some suggestions toward setting the matter right.
THE FUNCTION OF A COLLEGE OF AGRI-
CULTURE. — It is commonly charged that a
college of agriculture teaches a student the
theory rather than the practice. The necessary
purpose of a college of agriculture is to teach the
theory, or the underlying reasons. This is the
purpose of all colleges. There is no other way
whereby a person can get the theory quickly and
systematically. All good progress depends on a
\TELR RURAL NEW-YORKER
clear conception of the fundamental facts and the
theory. One must know the character of the soil,
its chemical constitution, its physical relations, its
germ life, and the principles that underlie its manage
ment. One must have a rational conception of the
processes in plant physiology, in animal nutrition, and
in the general practices of crop and animal production.
He must have a grasp of the principles of mechanics
as they are applied in farming implements and ma¬
chinery. If he is to be a citizen as well as a farmer,
he must have a basis for judgment on educational,
social and economic questions.
The whole basis of the progress of industrial edu¬
cation is the contention that the scientific, mechanical,
agricultural, and similar subjects may be as effective
means of training a man’s mind as are the older or
traditional subjects, provided they are equally well
taught. Of course, a student should have hand prac¬
tice in his college life. This practice is primarily for
the purpose of training him to see and to understand
the principles that are involved, and to fix in his mind
the subject-matter of lectures, books and classes. It
cannot be said that the ordinary class-work or the
practice-work is the more important, since both are
essential. One is the complement of the other. The
practice is the laboratory-work of the college. This
laboratory-work may be performed in a room with
soils or machines or plants or test-tubes or milk, or
it may be performed with these or similar materials
in the fields themselves.
It is the commonest notion that a student should be
trained to be a business farmer by working on the
college farm. This is a fallacy, and for three reasons.
In the first place, a college farm is not a nornlal farm.
It is obliged to do a great many things that a farmer’s
fa rm never does. It must grow a great variety of
crops and keep a great range of stock merely for
illustration and exhibition ; the teams must be avail¬
able for class study and for showing visitors about
the place, and for doing many other things that are
not farming; the place must be kept polished in every
part whether it is financially profitable to keep it in
this condition or not. The college farm must grow
such a variety of things and engage in so many en¬
terprises that it cartnot be organized as a whole into
a commercial or “practical” scheme. It must grow
much material for class study rather than for market,
Such a farm exists for other purposes, (l) as a
laboratory, (2) as a demonstration-ground, and (3)
as an area on which experiments may be made. In
the second placce, it is a physical impossibility to
teach any number of students all the operations of
even ordinary farming. Suppose that an institution
has 200 students (and this is now a small number for
623
many colleges of agriculture) and it purposes to
train every one of these students in the art of plowing.
I take it that the student really cannot learn to plow
unless he has at least an acre of ground; and any
farmer knows that a beginner cannot become a good
plowman till he has plowed many acres. This requires
200 acres of land at the outset. Let any farmer own¬
ing 200 or 300 acres of land endeavor to teach 200
students how to plow : would he be able to do any
farming? If in addition to teaching these students
how to plow, it were designed to teach them to run
a grain drill, to become skillful with a weeder, a
sulky cultivator, a one-horse cultivator, not to mention
the common hand-tools, the farmer would find himself
still further submerged. It would be impossible for
him to bring the students and the crops together at
the right time. If an institution had ten or a dozen
students and a good farm of 200 or 300 acres, and
if these students were on the farm the whole year,
it might be able to teach them the practical operations
of farming; but it would be a good deal better and
much cheaper to put them on the farms of good
practical farmers. In the third place, a student cannot
afford to go to college for the purpose of learning
things that he ought to learn on his own farm, or on
the farm of some other person. It is too expensive ;
it takes too much time. He would
better be devoting himself to his studies
and his laboratory practice.
The college should train the student
in the handicraft and the manual skill
of those operations that are integral
parts of his regular educationl work,
and these are the operations that are
least likely to be vvell taught on a r?al
farm. Such work as the running ot
gasoline and steam engines, rope-tyimq
making butter and cheese, testing soil-,
picking and packing chickens, sorting
and grading apples, breeding plants,
feeding animals, judging cattle and
crops, running incubators, shearing
sheep, laying drains, spraying, grafting,
pruning, planning buildings, laying out
fields, testing cows, and the like, may
very well be taught in an institution;
they are taught not because they are.
“practical,” but because they are items
in an educational programme ; but all
these together do not make up training
in running a farm, but are only parts
or pieces of forward farm processes.
I wish to enlarge on the physical im¬
possibility of giving students an all¬
round practical training in agricultural
subjects. I have asked a good many
farmers what kinds of practical work
the student should be taught in a college
of agriculture. Every farmer has given
me a different list. The fruit-grower
will recommend training in a different
line of subjects from the stock-grower,
the greenhouse man, the truck-gardener,
the dairyman, or the general farmer.
The kinds of work that are needed on
any one farm run into the hundreds;
when these are multiplied by all the
different kinds of farms, they run into
the thousands. It is, of course, alsolutelv
impossible for any one institution to pro¬
vide training in all these different lines ; and yet many
persons seem to expect that a graduate of a college of
agriculture should be ready at once to take up any kind
of manual and practical work that may be presented to
him and to do it better than persons who have had
practice all their lives. Colleges of agriculture are
constantly widening the range of subjects in which
practical hand work is given, and this tendency will
greatly increase ; but even so, it will be impossible
for any college of agriculture ever to compass the
whole field of manual training in the arts of agricul¬
ture, and it should not be asked to do so.
Dean, N. Y., Agricultural College. L. H. bailey.
(To be continued.)
Every year we have some 50 questions about
“stringy” milk — usually from people who keep one
or two cows. The milk after standing a few hours
begins to grow slimy and fills up with lumps or
strings. People say that their pans and pails are
“clean,” and they usually charge the cow or her feed
with the trouble. As a rule the cow has nothing to do
with it. The slime is caused by a germ which lives
in the stable filth or in the pails and pans. In some
cases where pails are cleaned with warm water this
germ is not killed, but simply has a refreshing bath.
It is found in cracks or seams in the tin, and the worst
place for it is in the strainer. In many homes a cloth
strainer is used and rinsed after using in warm water.
The remedy for this trouble is to boil all pans, pails
and strainers — everything that the milk touches. The
barn should be kept clean.
. ' V ' *• - . - '
_ _ ' _ ' ' _ i _ ■ '
HANDLING STRAW IN OREGON. Fig. 215.
TRIO OF ANGUS CATTLE. Fig. 216.
024
THE RUK-A.L NEW-YORKER
May 27,
FARMERS’ CLUB
[ Every query must be accompanied by the
name and address of the writer to insure
attention. Before asking a question, please see
whether it is not answered in our advertising
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time.
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.}
A One-man Air Pressure Sprayer.
On page 560 I note an inquiry of J. B.
B., Grand Rapids, Mich., in relation to a
“one-man spray rig,’’ and thinking my
experience may be of value to him, I
shall relate it. I am an accountant by
profession, having lived on a farm in
the early part of my life, but in my
fortieth year the call of the soil wooed
me back to the farm, and after my daily
duties are completed, my spare time is
devoted to the raising of poultry and
hogs, fruit and truck crops. Last year
I used a small compressed air sprayer
which did very good work, but my time
being limited to a few hours every
evening, it required too much time
pumping to keep the necessary pressure.
This year I purchased a wheel outfit
and had the manufacturers attach a gal¬
vanized iron tank, capable of withstand¬
ing a pressure of 200 pounds, and a
capacity of 10 gallons. Before com¬
mencing to spray 1 use the pump to
secure as high a presure as I possibly
can, which requires but a few minutes,
and having 20 feet of hose and 14 feet
of spray rod, I can spray on all sides
of a tree, and not be under the neces¬
sity of moving sprayer or pumping until
after tree is completed.
West Virginia. f. e. peterson.
Taking Twist from Rope.
N. C., New York. — Will you tell inc what
1 can do to keep a new hay rope, seven-
eighths inch, from twisting between the load
and car? It is fixed so one end is fastened
in car down through pulley in fork back to
car. The double rope twists so a team
cannot draw a small load up. I took the
rope and drew it about two miles, making
short turns around fence posts, but did no
good.
Ans. — If you will coil rope to the left
twice, and then take the end and pass
it down through the coil and then coil
it once to the right you will probably
take the twist out. We have this infor¬
mation from a party who has handled
and sold rope for a great many years.
Size of Golf Links.
J. L., Mattituek, N. 7. — Let me know the
smallest piece of ground that can be uti¬
lized for a golf ground. I have a laige
lawn in front of my orchard and am won¬
dering if it is large enough to be used for
that purpose.
Ans. — J. L. could not have a golf
ground of less than 10 acres, unless he
has a long narrow strip of land which
he could utilize. A golf course is gener¬
ally laid out in a large circular course,
starting at one point and returning to
nearly the same place. The course
is generally nine holes, but can be made
double size, that is, 18, but for a per¬
son to play in a more or less retired
way a shorter course could be made. I
am afraid your correspondent’s lawn
does not offer a good golf course.
Massachusetts. wilfrid wheeler.
Preparing Horseradish.
J. S., Kenton, Mich. — Will you give me
full Instruction how to put up horseradish
for home and commercial use?
Ans. — Wash and peel the horse¬
radish roots, then grate upon a coarse
grater; there are graters made for this
purpose. Several of our correspondents
tell us that they save smarting eyes and
fingers by cutting the root into thin
strips and then running it through a
meat chopper set to ground fine. Care
must be taken, however, that the grind¬
ing is fine, and that no lumps get
through. The grated root is then put
into small wide-mouthed bottles, which
are filled three-fourths full with solid
horseradish and then filled up with good
cold vinegar and corked tight. The
horseradish should mix with the vinegar
so that it is of uniform consistency,
showing little or no clear vinegar at the
top. The horseradish should only be
grated in sufficient quantity for prompt
sale, as it cannot be kept for any length
of time without turning dark and thus
deteriorating in quality. Large manu¬
facturers have experimented in many
ways to prevent this discoloring, but we
believe without success, and it is now
generally recognized that pure grated
horseradish cannot be held in best con¬
dition and must therefore be sold soon
after preparing.
Chilled Iron Castings.
,J. It. (No Address). — Can you tell me
how chilled iron castings are made? At
what part of the process is the chilling
done?
Ans. — The chilling is accomplished by
pouring the molten iron on to an iron
chill forming part of the mold, in place
of having the mold rnade entirely of
sand as is usual in the case of gray iron
castings. This causes the hot iron to
begin chilling when it comes in contact
with the chill or iron part of the mold,
and the chilling of the iron takes plate
during the cooling process. Different
grades of iron are required for chilled
castings from what is needed for gray
iron castings, and it is, also, necessary
to have a proper mixture to get the de¬
sired result. There are a number of
other factors that enter into the suc¬
cessful making of chilled parts, but the
above answers the main question as to
what causes the chilling and when it
takes place.
SYRACUSE CHILLED PLOW CO.
Raising Fish in Pennsylvania.
M. N., Logan's Ferry, Pa. — How could I
build a fish pond? On my farm there is a
never-failing spring of very cold water.
What kind of fish would be best for breed¬
ing? I would like to start with about two
dozen pair at first. How • and what are
they fed? Where can they be purchased?
Would they flourish in very cold spring
water?
Ans. — If the water in the pond has a
temperature of not over 60 degrees dur¬
ing the Summer months brook trout
would live and thrive. No intelligent
answer can be given with respect to
other kinds of fish unless the area of the
pond is known. In all probabilities if
the water is not suitable for trout the
most suitable fish would be yellow perch,
catfish or sunfish. It should be said
that if the water is suitable for trout it
would be impossible for him to plant
fish in one pond. He would have to
have several, because the large fish
would eat the small ones. Trout may
be fed either on lungs, liver, meat of
almost any kind, preferably lungs and
liver. Catfish and sunfish and yellow
perch can be fed with stale bread.
Trout may be purchased from any com¬
mercial hatchery, and he can find them
in the advertising pages of the sporting
magazines. I know of no place where
perch, catfish or sunfish can be pur¬
chased in the United States. Brook
trout would thrive in very cold spring
water, but no other fish.
W. E. MEEHAN.
Penn. Commissioner of Fisheries.
Well of Poor Water.
H. V. (No Address ). — I had a well
drilled 48 feet deep, 25 feet ground and 23
feet slate rock. We -have good flow of
water, but it is not fit to use, having a
peculiar odor and taste like swamp water.
As we have to have water and being the
only well we have on the premises, would
it be advisable to go down deeper, and
could that flow of water be shut off if a
five-inch pipe was inserted in the six-inch
pipe? Would this flow of water interfere
with the new flow, if we strike one, or would
it be better to drill a new well? All other
wells around us have nice clear water.
Ans. — It is not possible to give very
trustworthy advice from a distance re¬
garding a case like this without know¬
ing the local conditions and the judg¬
ment of a local experienced well-driller
is likely to be safer to follow. It is not
clear how the unfiltered swamp water
should reach the slate through 25 feet
of soil, unless the water is coming
through a fissure in the slate which is
filled at some point where the slate ex¬
posure is near the surface in some
swampy place. If this is a true slate
rock it might be doubtful whether go¬
ing deeper would secure another flow,
with water different from that already
obtained. If the other local wells ob¬
tain their water supply only after pene¬
trating this rock to some distance, there
would be more hope of getting improved
conditions by drilling deeper and shutting
off the upper flow with the customary
seed-bag. If the water reaches the well
through some fissure rather than through
the general broken character of the slate,
the chances might be better to put the
well down in another place, and an ex¬
perienced local well-driller should be
able to judge of this. F. H. king.
Nitrate of Soda on Lawn.
I would like to have your opinion of
nitrate of soda for a lawn. Would you
use it on a lawn or not? If so, how much
would you use to the acre? The lawn had
a coat of manure spread over it in the Win¬
ter and the coarsest of it has been raked
off. J. E. p.
Wilkesbarre, Pa.
We would not use nitrate alone unless
the grass was pale in color and showed a
sickly growth. Nitrate contains only nitro¬
gen as plant food. The manure probably
gave enough of this element. If the grass
does not grow well use 125 pounds per acre
of nitrate — evenly scattered. A much bet¬
ter dressing would be 100 pounds nitrate,
300 fine ground lime and 100 sulphate of
potash.
Cover Crops in Orchard.
I have an orchard that I planted for
home use, about one-third of an aertj. There
are different kinds of fruit, the soil is a
sandy loam. Last Spring I turned under
a good stand of rye, sowed rye again last
Fall, but up to the present time there is
a very scant stand. I am not living on the
place at the present time, and I have had
a great deal of trouble in the last year to
get some one to cultivate it for me. Could
I broadcast cow peas, then turn under in
September, and then put in rye to be turned
under next Spring? Would it harm the
trees to do this instead of cultivating?
The trees are four years old. Or could I
put this orchard in sod? c. P.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Our plan would be to let the rye grow
Until late in May. Then cut with a mower
and pile the crop around the trees. Scatter
Early Black cow peas and disk or plow them
in. In September plow the cow peas under
and sow rye.
A Garden with Chemicals.
I have a good-sized city garden (100x200
feet) on heavy ground that bakes hard in
Summer. It was one of the old Flatbush
farms, and I suppose all the fertility was
cropped out of it. I don't want to go into
much permanent development of the soil,
for it is liable to be built on at any time.
Manure is practically- not available. I have
on hand air-slaked lime, nitrate of soda,
muriate of potash and Th6mas phosphate
powder ; wish to grow sweet corn, toma¬
toes, beans, beets, carrots, squash and cu¬
cumber. I suppose the soil is sour, for in
past years tomatoes and beans have done
well, corn and squash fairly well, and the
root crops have refused to grow at all. Can
you give me a general purpose mixture of
the above chemicals? Is it satisfactory to
mix in the lime and possibly sifted coal
ashes to act as a filler and help loosen up
the ground? Should part of the nitrate be
saved out for a second application later in
the Summer? It is a nuisance to broad¬
cast the lime, and 1 would rather apply it
direct in the rows if possible. E. x. H
Brooklyn, N. Y.
We have many questions about using
lime instead of manure to break up or
open soil. Lime will not do this as well as
manure, and for a garden on such soil ma¬
nure is about a necessity. It will not do to
put the lime in the rows. It should be
spread all over the soil and fully worked in.
The chemicals you have are not the best for
garden crops, but a fair combination would
be one pound of nitrate, three pounds slag,
or Thomas powder and one part muriate of
potash. You can use half the nitrate at
seeding time, and the rest while the crop is
growing, scattered along the rows and har¬
rowed in. But do not expect any prize gar¬
den on that hard soil without manure.
The MACY SEPARATOR
Low
Seamless
Supply Can
You waste money
if you pay a cent
more than our price
for a Cream Separa¬
tor. You can’t af¬
ford to buy from
anyone at any price
until you have sent
a postal card or a
letter asking us for
our special Cream
Separator offer. Wcsave you half of agents’
prices— we allow you 30 days trial on your
own farm — you needn’t send us a cent in ad¬
vance, if you prefer not to.
THE MACY IS THE BEST AND
YOU CAN PROVE IT
We -will send you a machine on trial so you can find
out how good it is. No Separator costs more to manu¬
facture than the Macy, yet our price is half the price
asked by Agents. Easiest cleaned machine because its
skimming device is aluminum. Frictionless pivot ball
bearings make it easiest running. Guaranteed forever.
Five sizes; five popular factory -to- farm prices. Out
out the middleman’s profit ---keep this money
in your own pocket. Write to-day for our special intro¬
ductory offer.
R. H. MACY & CO.
801 Macy Building, - New York
LOCOMOBILE— Seven-passenger; 190(5 Model;
40 horse power; rebuilt 1909; chain drive; good
engine; approximate speed 50 miles an hour. Will
demonstrate. Address, Prof. WILLIAM E.
HUGHES, 3945 Chestnut St. Phila., Fa.
ALFALFA
All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 porcent
pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample
on which we invite yon to get Government tests.
This seed should produce hay at $60 per acre] an¬
nually. Free Instructions on growing.
GRAIN AND GRASS SEED
Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. We
handle export grade only and can furnish grass
mixture suitable for any soils. Write for catalog.
WING SEED CO., Box 223 Mechanicsburg, O.
Sweet Potato Plants
list free. W. S. FORD
only $2.00 per 1000, special
prices on 5000 lots, Price
& SON, Hartly, Del.
PUR QAI p — 900,000 Sweet Potato Plants, Tomato
run OHL.C mu] Cabbage Plants. Send today for
catalogue. Fine plants. M. N. BORGO, Vineland, N. J.
CflR QAI P— Cow Peas, $2.50 to $3.00 bushel;
run wHUl Crimson Clover Seed, $8. 50 bushel:
Black-Eyed Peas, $3.00 bushel.
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND . . Milford. Del.
Dewdrop Everbearing Strawberry
Largest in the World. Bears First Season. Free
circular. H. F. DEW, Albion, Mich.
CAItBAfiK PLANTS of nil kinds, $1 per 1000; Tomato mid Sweet
Potato Plants, $1.50 per 1000; Cauliflower and Peppers, $2.50
per 1000. Plants ready for field. J. C. Schmidt, Bristol, Pa.
SALESMEN WANTED
Free outfit. Commission paid weekly. Write for
terms. PERRY NURSERIES, Rochester, New York
CHOICE COW PEAS
READY NOW-NEW ERAS. BLACKS, FRESH.
CLEAN SEKDS. SAMPLE FOR STAMP.
E. G. PACKARD, Seed Grower, ltorcr, Del.
IAPANESE MILLET SEED ; sound, clean seed. $1.50 per
** bushel. M. HATCH, JR., Marshfield, Mass.
500,000 New StoneTomato Plants For Sale
From selected seed that grow the big crons ready
June tne First. SI. 00 per 1000; 5000 for S4.C0.
CELERY, CABGAGE, RUBY KING PEPPER, CAULIFLOWER and
SWEET POTATO PLANTS in their season.
Send for our )9U Catalog
If you want 50,000 or 100,000 Tomato Plants we can
supply you with extra fino plants. ROMANCE SEED &
PLANT FARM, CALEB BOGGS & SON. CHESW0L0, DEL.
BINDER TWINE
FACTORY TO FARM. WANT FARMER AGENTS.
Write quick. AUGUST POST, Moulton, Iowa
A PROFITABLE INVESTMENT
^ Republic
r. Ornamental Fence
willenhancethc value
of your property.
Republic ?Enc e s
aremade by cabling large heavily galvanized wires
and i kets, corrugated |
iw- only at point of intersection ; thus forming an immovable joint
withoutinjuringthegalvanized coating. Most durable fence made.
A variety of beautiful designs. May be erected with wood or iron posts.
Write for catalog. If you need Farm Gates, write ior Special Farm Gate Catalog.
REPUBLIC FENCE 4 GATE CO., 2H Republic St., N. Chicago, 111-
1911.
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
626
BEAN DISEASES.
Reader, Michigan. — What is best to do in
regard to blight of beans? The Red Kidney
beans were struck- by blight last year in
time to cut the crop about one-half. It is
the first time here. What treatment should
we give the seed before planting this year?
Ans. — True bean blight is a bacterial
disease, attacking leaves, pods and seed
of practically all varieties, including
Limas. Figs. 217 and 218, from Cornell
bulletin 239, show leaf and pods with
this disease. Preventives are selection
of clean seed, removing diseased plants
and rotation of crops. Thorough spray¬
ing with Bordeaux, five pounds copper
sulphate, and four of lime to 50 gallons
of water has been found useful. Three
applications are made, two at 10-day
intervals before blossoming, and an¬
other while the pods are forming. An-
BLIOrHTED BEAN LEAF. Fig. 217.
other serious bean disease is anthrac-
nose. In this, rusty brown or black
spots occur on the stems, pods or leaves.
The leaves blacken and die and the
seeds are shrunke