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BULLETIN OF THF

:r MARINE MUSEUM

Gift of

Christina H. Hamm
The Vanderbilt Museum

November 1987

ANNOUNCEMENT.

The Vanderbilt Marine Museum is the privately owned
depository of the marine collections of William K. Vander-
bilt, Esquire, and is located on his country estate, "Eagle's
Nest," Huntington, Long Island, New York. It contains
extensive collections of natural history and ethnological
specimens, all of which were personally collected by Mr.
Vanderbilt, in various parts of the world during the past
thirty-odd years.

The scientific publications of the museum consist of a
series of Bulletins, designed to disseminate results of re-
search based on the marine zoological collections, every
specimen of which was personally collected by Mr. Vander-
bilt, during a series of cruises in his yachts "Eagle" and
* ' Ara. ' ' Volume I of the Bulletin series consists of reports
on the fishes collected during these cruises, by Dr. N. A.
Borodin. Volume II, the present report, consists of a re-
port of the Stomatopod and Brachyuran Crustacea of the
cruises of the yachts "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-1928, by
Lee Boone.

These Bulletins are available for distribution to scienti-
fic establishments by purchase, or by exchange for equiva-
lent research reports in related subjects. They may be
obtained by addressing Mr. Vanderbilt at the Vanderbilt
Marine Museum, Huntington, Long Island, N. Y.

Other bulletins will be issued from time to time, as made
desirable by the results of research on the Vanderbilt col-
lections. Two additional volumes are now in press.

BULLETIN OF THE VANDERBILT MARINE MUSEUM

VOLUME II

Scientific Results of the Cruises of the Yachts "Eagle" and
"Ara", 1921-1928, William K. Vanderbilt, Commanding.

CRUSTACEA: STOMATOPODA AND BRACHYURA

By lee BOONE

MARINE
BIOLOGICAL
LABOilATORY

LIBRARY

WOODS HOLE, MASS.
W. H. 0. I.

Huntington, L. I., New York, U.S.A.

Printed Peivately

September 1, 1930,

THE SCIENCE PRESS PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PA.

"Bright the wide ocean's blue
Flashes azure and rose
Taking its tint from the sky.

Then as light filters through
Deep, still deeper it goes
Stranger the fish that swim by.

Till far under things true
Still lives sheltered and grows
Many a long buried lie."

John T. Nichols.

Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Announcement 8

Introduction 9

Acknowledgments 11

Geographic distribution of the species 11

West Indian fauna 11-17

Labrador-New England fauna 17

Tropical American Pacific fauna 17

Mediterranean fauna 19-20

Order Stomatopoda 21

Family : SquiUidae 21

Genus : Gonodactylus 21

oerstedii 21

Genus Pseudosquilla 24

ciliata var. occidentalis 24

Genus Lysiosquilla 29

maculata 29

Genus Squilla 32

mantis 32

alba 35

panamensis var. B 39

(Alima) gracilis 42

Order Brachyura 42

Subtribe Dromiacea 42

Family Dromidae 42

Genus Dromidia 42

antillensis 42

Tribe Oxystomata 45

Family Dorippidae 45

Genus Dorippe 45

lanatus 45

Family Eaninidae 48

Genus Eaninoidea 48

laevis lamarcki 48

Family Leucosiidae 53

Subfamily Leucosiinae 53

Genus Persephona 53

edwardsii 53

punctata 54

orbicularis 56

Genus Eandallia 59

ornata 59

Family Matutidae 60

Genus Hepatulus 60

prineeps 60

Plate Figure

4
5
6

A,B

A,B,C

A,B

6 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Page Plate Figure

Family Calappidae 62

Genus Calappa 62 14

Subtribe Brachygnatha 65

Superfamily Oxyrhyncha 65

Family 65

Subfamily Inachinae 65

Genus Stenorynchus .^ 65

seticornis 65 15, 16

longirostris 68 17

Genus Inachus 70

dorsettensis 70 18

Genus Podoehela 71

riisei 71 19

Genus Anasimus 74

latus 74 20

Genus CoUodes 76

granosus 76 21 A, B

Genus Dasygius 78

depressus 78 22

Subfamily Pisinae 80

Genus Hyas 80

coarctatus 80 23

Genus Nibilia 82

antilocapra 82 24 A

Genus Libinia ..-. 84

dubia 84 24 B

Subfamily Majinae 86

Genus Pitho 86

aculeata 86

anisodon 87

Genus Mithrax 89

hispidus 89

pleuracanthus 92

acuticornis 93

cornutus *. 96

holder! 97

coryphe 99

forceps 100

Genus Stenocionops 102

furcata 102 31

Genus Maerocoeloma 105

eutheca 105 32 B

trispinosum 108 33 A, B, C, D

Genus Microphrys 110

bicornutus 110 32 A

Genus Maia 113

verrucosa 113 34

25
26

A,B

Bulletin, VanderJnlt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Page Plate Figure

Family Parthenopidae 115

Genus Parthenope 115

agonus 115 35

serrata 117 36 A,B

pourtalesii 120 37

Superfamily Brachyryncha 123

Family Xanthidae 123

Genus Leptodius 123

floridanus 123 38 A, B

Genus Glyptoxanthus 125

vermiculatus 125 39 A, B

Genus Heteractea 127

lunata 127 40 A

Genus Lophopanopeus 129

heathii 129 41

Subfamily Menippinae 130

Genus Menippe „ 130

mercenaria 130 42

Genas Carpilius 132

corallinus 132 43

Genus Lobopilumnus 134

agassizii 134 40 B

Genus Micropanope 137

spinipes 137 44 A

Genus Pilumnus 139

brasiliensis 139

spinifer 140

floridanus 141

Subfamily Eriphinae 143

Genus Eriphia 143

squamata 143

gonagra 144

Genus Eriphides 145

hispida 145 48

Family Cancridae 148

Genus Cancer 148

borealis 148 49

amaenus 150 50

Family Portunidae 153

Genus Bathynectes 153

longipes 153 51

Genus Callinectes 154

sapidus 154 52

larvatus 157 53

Genus Portunus (Portunus) 158

sulcatus 158 54

vocans 161 55

Plate

Figure

A,B

8 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Page

xantusi 163

sayi 165

corrugatus 167

holsatus 170

Genus Portunus (Achelous) 172

ordwayi 174

sebae 177

spinimanus 179

spinicarpus 183

depressifrons 185

Genus Lupella 187

forceps 187 64 A, B

Subfamily Podopthalminae 190

Genus Euphylax 190

dovii 190 65

Family Goneplacidae 194

Subfamily Goneplacinae 194

Genus Goneplax 194

tridentata 194 66 A

angulata 197 66 B

Subfamily Prionoplacinae 199

Genus Speoearcinus 199

carolinensis 199 67

Subfamily Ehizopinae 201

Genus Chasmocarcinus 201

latipes 201 68 A, B

Family Grapsidae 203

Subfamily Grapsinae 203

Genus Grapsus 203

grapsus 203 69

Subfamily Sesarminae 207

Genus Aratus 207

pisonii 207 70

Subfamily Plagusiinae 209

Genus Perenon 209

gibbesi 209 71

Family Gecarcinidae 212

Genus Cardisoma 212

guanhumi 212 72

Family Ocypodidae 215

Subfamily Oeypodinae 215

Genus Ocypode 215

albicans 215 73

Genus Uca 220

pugnax 220 74 C

coloradoensis 221 74 A, B

CRUSTACEA: STOMATOPODA AND BRACHYURA,

CRUISES OF THE *' EAGLE" AND "ARA," 1921-1928,
WILLIAM K. VANDERBILT, COMMANDING.

By Lee Boone.

Introduction

The Crustacean collection of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum, herein
reported, was obtained by Mr. "William K. Vanderbilt on a series of
cruises conducted in his yachts, "Eagle" and '^Ara," during parts
of the years 1921 to 1928, inclusive.

Four distinctly separate faunal regions are involved in these ex-
plorations: (a) The "West Indian region, from which the greater per-
centage of species was obtained. Separate cruises during the years
1921, 1922, 1923, 1924 and 1925 were conducted by Mr. Vanderbilt in
this region. Some very valuable material was obtained in the "West
Indies in 1926 and also in 1928, supplementing the Galapagan expedi-
tions of those years.

(6) The Labrador-New England region is represented by material
collected in the waters of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada,
the coast of Maine and of New York, including Long Island Sound, in
1921, 1922, 1924 and 1926.

(c) The tropical American Pacific fauna is represented by explora-
tions in the Galapagos Islands, the west coast of Costa Rica and of
Panama, including the Perlas Islands, and Cocos Island, also several
deep-sea stations in this region, during the expeditions of 1926 and
1928.

{d) The Mediterranean fauna, with especial reference to the north
coasts of Morocco, deep-sea dredgings off the coast of southern France,
off Sardinia and off Monaco and explorations of the littoral fauna of
the Adriatic Sea.

The bathymetric distribution of the species taken in each of these

(9)

10 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

major regions ranges from terrestrial and littoral to true deep-sea
forms, the deep-sea stations ranging in depth from 300 to 1100
fathoms.

Considered systematically, the collection embraces Stomatopoda,
Brachyura, Anomura, Macrura, Schizopoda, Isopoda, Amphipoda,
Mysidacea, Cirripedia and Copepoda. The first two groups form the
subject of the present volume. The remainder comprise volume three
of the bulletin series of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum, now in press.
The annotated discussion of the collection is presented with reference
to its systematic classification. A list of the species found in each
major faunal region is given also.

The great value of the collection lies in the astonishing number of
rare species it possesses and in the related extension of our knowledge
of the geographic and bathymetric distribution of these forms, as pre-
sented in the systematic discussion. Much hitherto unpublished data
on the colors of the various species was made in field-sketches by Mr.
Vanderbilt, during all of the cruises, except those to the Galapagos
Islands, on which his staff artist, Mr. "W. E. Belanske, continued this
work under Mr. Vanderbilt 's direction. A few of these color plates
of the Crustacea have been published in Mr. Vanderbilt 's "To the
Galapagos on the 'Ara' "; a great many more are in the study col-
lections of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum. This volume also contains
complete maps of the cruises of 1926 and 1928. Valuable notes on the
habits of some of the species were made in the field by Mr. Vanderbilt ;
these notes have been augmented by field-notes made by the present
writer while on various expeditions during the past decade.

It is hoped that this contribution to our knowledge of the Crustacea
of the four major faunal regions discussed may serve to stimulate inter-
est in this remarkable group of neglected Arthropods. The Crustacea,
represented by many thousands of valid species, are a very vital factor
in the ecology of the sea. Yet the group, comparable in its diversifica-
tion, complex structures and remarkable life-histories with their strange
metamorphoses, to the great class Insecta, has been curiously neglected.
Probably less than a hundred species have had their life-histories
studied. Little is known of the habits of even the common species;
with the exception of a few reliable books, the systematic literature is
scattered, poorly illustrated and subject to many errors traceable to
poor microscopy. There is great need for the thorough monographic
study of the Crustacea of the world. Such a work would be invaluable
to all students of oceanography.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 11

' Acknowledgments.

I am inexpressibly indebted to Mr. Vanderbilt for the splendid
facilities he has placed at my disposal throughout the investigation.
His unfailing generosity and helpful criticisms and suggestions during
the course of this work have been invaluable.

During the preparation of the report I have enjoyed full privileges
of research in the American Museum of Natural History, and am espe-
cially indebted to Dr. R. W. Miner, curator of the Department of
Lower Invertebrates, and to Miss Hazel Gay and Miss Margaret Tit-
comb, of the Library. I wish to thank Mrs. Helen Ziska, also of the
American Museum, for her exquisitely skillful preparation of the line
drawings in this report, also for the careful retouching of the photo-
graphic illustrations which were made by Mr. Julius Kirschner and
Mr. "W. H. Southwick, of the American Museum. I am also under
obligation to the authorities of the Tropical Research Station, New
York Zoological Society, the Museum of Comparative Zoology at
Harvard University, the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences,
the British Museum of Natural History, the Museum National d'His-
toire Naturelle Paris, L 'Institute Oceanographique, Monaco, Stazione
Zoologica di Napoli, the Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Co-
penhagen Museum and the Calcutta Museum, for friendly assistance
in making comparison with various types and rare species in these
respective depositories, to each of whom I tender appreciative acknowl-
edgment of their courtesies.

Geographical Distribution of the Species,
west indian fauna.

Stomatopoda.
Gonodactylus oerstedii Hansen.

Three specimens, Bimini, November, 1924; one specimen, Florida
Keys, March, 1924 ; two specimens, Florida Keys, February, 1924 ; one
specimen. Port Antonio, Jamaica, February, 1926 ; one, Cay Sal Bank,
Double Headed Shot Cay, Bahamas, Feb. 18, 1925.

Pseudosquilla ciliata var. occidentalis Borradaile.

Five specimens dredged in 30 fms., S. "W. of Marquesas Keys, Fla.,
March 2, 1924 ; five specimens, Florida Keys, March, 1924.

Lysiosquilla maculata (Fabricius).

One large specimen, Florida Keys, March, 1924. Very rare.

12 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Squilla mantis Latreille.

One specimen, Porto Padre, Cuba, March, 1928.

Squilla alba R. P. Bigelow.

One specimen, Limon Bay, Panama, February 26, 1926 ; one speci-
men, Nuevitas Bay, Cuba, February 26, 1923. Very rare.

Squilla (Alima) gracilis Milne Edwards.

Several specimens, taken with electric light, Egg Island Harbor,
W. I., January 19, 1925.

Brachyura.

Dromidia antillensis Stimpson.

One female. Knight 's Key, Florida ; one female, Florida Keys, tag
492, 1924 ; one male. Turtle Harbor, Florida, November, 1924. Rare.

Baninoides laevis lamarcki A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier.

One ovigerous female, dredged in 70 fms., S. W. of Marquesas Keys,
Florida, March 2, 1924. (Also found in the Pacific.) Very rare.

Persephona punctata Linne.

A male and a female, Colon, Panama, shallow water, 1926 ; a male,
Limon Bay, Panama, 2 fms., January 21, 1928.

Hepatulus princeps (Herbst).

One male, Limon Bay, Panama, February 26, 1926 ; two males, south
of Catalina Creek, Cuba, February 14, 1924, 5 fms.

Rare; illustrated for the first time since Herbst 's primitive figure,
1794.

Calappa flammea i^evhst).

One male, 7 fms.. Bury Island, Bahamas, January 19, 1925; one
male, dredged in 3 fms., Bimini, B. W. I.

Stenorynchus seticornis Herbst.

Five males and one female, Porto Padre, Cuba, March 4, 1926, 3.5
fms. ; three males and one female dredged in 70 fms., S. W. of Mar-
quesas Keys, Fla., March 2, 1924 ; one male, Miami Beach, Fla., April
27, 1922.

Podochela riisei Stimpson.

One male, dredged in 15 fms.. Bury Island Flats, Bahamas, January

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 13

22, 1925: one male, off Knight's Key, Florida, March 29, 1926; one
female, dredged in 50 fms., American Shoal, Florida.

Anasimus latus Rathbun.

One male, dredged in 70 fms., S. W. of Marquesas Keys, Fla., March
2, 1924. Very rare.

Nibilia antilocapra (Stimpson).

Four specimens, dredged in 150 fms., seven miles off Alligator Eeef,
Fla. Rare; bathymetric occurrence greatly increased by the "Ara"
material.

Pitho aculeata (Gibbes).

One specimen, Cardenas, Cuba, March, 1928.

Pitho anisodon (von Martens).

Nine specimens, Cardenas, Cuba, March, 1928; two, Pilon, Cuba,
February, 1928.

Mithrax (Mithrax) hispidus (Herbst).

One female, Miami, Florida; one male, Florida Reefs, 1923; one
young female, dredged in 7 fms.. Bury Islands, Bahamas, January
19, 1925.

Mithrax (Mithrax) pleuracanthus (Stimpson).

One female, Cardenas, Cuba, March, 1928 ; one ovigerous female, off
Knight's Key, Fla., March, 1926; one ovigerous female, Port Antonio,
Jamaica, 2 fms., February, 1926, 2 fms. ; two. Cay Sal Bank, Double
Headed Shot Cay, Bahamas, February 18, 1925.

Mithrax (Mithrax) corniitus de Saussure.
Hogsty Key, San Salvador, one specimen.

Mithrax (Mithrax) holderi Stimpson.

One male, Port Tanamo, Cuba, February 3, 1924 ; one male, Turtle
Harbor, Florida, November 20, 1923; one specimen, dredged in 20
fms., off the south end of Sand Key Light, Key "West, Fla., January
29, 1923 ; one specimen, Marquesas Keys, Fla., 22 fms.

Mithrax (Mithrax) acuticornis Stimpson.

One male, Cualeo Reales, Cuba, February, 1923. This establishes
the first Cuban record of a rare species.

14 Bulletin, Vanclerhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Mithrax (Mithraculus) coryphe (Herbst).

Five specimens, Port Antonio, Jamaica, 2 fms., January 17, 1926.

Mithrax (Mithraculus) forceps (A. Milne Edwards).

Two specimens, Cualeo Reales, Cuba, February, 1923 ; two, Bay
Biscayne, Miami, Fla. Two, Carenge Bay, Le Mole, Haiti.

Stenocionops furcata (Olivier).

One female. Port Tanamo, Cuba, February 3, 1924, 2 fms. ; one,
dredged 14 miles S. W. of Marquesas Keys, Florida, 30 fms., sandy.

Macrocoeloma eutheca Stimpson.

One female, dredged in 20 fms., off Sand Key Light, Key "West,
Fla., January 29, 1924.

Macrocoeloma trispinosum (Latreille).

Twenty specimens, Cardenas, Cuba, March 5, 1928 ; one large speci-
men, south coast of Cuba, February 19, 1923.

Microphrys Mcornutus (Latreille).

One female. Pigeon Key, Florida, April 17, 1923 ; one male, Hogsty
Island, San Salvador, February, 1926; two males, Cardenas, Cuba,
March 5, 1928.

Parthenope (Parthenope) agonus (Stimpson).

Two ovigerous females, American Shoal Light, Fla., March 3, 1924.

Parthenope (Platylambrus) serrata H. Milne Edwards.

Two males and one female, Porto Padre, Cuba ; one male, 50 fms.,
American Shoal Light, Florida, March 3, 1924; one male, Segua la
Grande, Cuba, 3 fms., February 23, 1925. Rare ; this establishes the
maximum depth for the species.

Parthenope (Platylartibrus) pourtalesii (Stimpson).

One male and one female, dredged in 150 fms., 7 miles off Alligator
Reef, Fla. Rare ; this establishes the maximum depth for the species.

Leptodius floridanus (Gibbes).

One male, one female. Pigeon Key, Fla., April 19, 1923.

Glyptoxanthus vermiculatus (Lamarck).

One female, 5 fms., south of Catalina Creek, Cuba, February 14,
1924. Very rare ; second record of the species and only one with exact
locality.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 15

Menippe mercenaria (Say).

Bay Biscayne, at Miami, Fla., March, 1923. Figured for the first
time since 1880.

Carpilius corallinus (Herbst).

One specimen. Cape Haitien, Haiti, March, 1928, from which the
first authentic color plate was made by "W. E. Belanske. One speci-
men, Turtle Harbor, Fla., 1923. Quite rare.

Loiopilumnus agassizii (Stimpson).

One male, S. E. coast of Cuba, February 19, 1923. Rare.

Micropanope spinipes (A. Milne Edwards).

Five specimens, Cualeo Reales Channel, Cuba, February 18, 1923.
Rare. First Cuban record of the species. One female, Marquesas
Keys, Florida, March 2, 1924. Very rare.

Pilumnus hrasiliensis Miers.

Carenge Bay, Le Mole, Haiti, February 4, 1924. Rare. First Haitian
record of the species.

Pilumnus floridanus Stimpson.

One specimen, dredged in 3 fms., Cape Cruz, Cuba, February 11,
1924. Rare. First Cuban record of the species.

Cancer torealis Stimpson.

One very large male, dredged in 1100 fms., off Miami, Florida,
March 3, 1926, with a species of a rare deep-sea barnacle, Poecilasma
inequilaterale Pilsbry, attached.

This record establishes the most remarkable depth for the species;
also an unusual southern extension of its range. It is an abundant
littoral species in the Labrador-New Engand fauna, from the tide-line
to 100 fms.

Callinectes sapidus M. J. Rathbun.
One specimen, Miami, Fla., 1923.

Callinectes larvatus Ordway.
One specimen, Miami, Florida.

Portunus (Portunus) sulcatus (A. Milne Edwards).
One male, electric light, Miami, Fla. Rare.

16 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. 11

Portunus (Portunus) vocans (A. Milne Edwards).

Carenge Bay, Le Mole, Haiti, February 4, 1924. Very rare.

Portunus (Portunus) sayi (Gibbes).

One male, Pilon, Cuba, January 17, 1928 ; one specimen, in Sar-
gassum, 10 miles south of Swan Island, Caribbean Sea, March 23, 1926.

Portunus (Achelous) gihhesii (Stimpson).

Four specimens, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, January 17, 1928.

Portunus (Achelous) ordwayi Stimpson.

One male, Bury Island, Bahamas, January 21, 1923; one. Turtle
Harbor, Fla.

Portunus (Achelous) sehae (H. Milne Edwards).
One male, Porto Padre, Cuba, March, 1928.

Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus Latreille.

Three females, Miami, Florida, January 26, 1924; two specimens,
Guantanamo, Cuba, February 8, 1924; two specimens, from 7 fms.,
sandy bottom, Double-Headed Shot Cay, Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas, Feb-
ruary 18, 1925.

Portunus (Achelous) spinicarpus Stimpson.

One specimen. Port Antonio, Jamaica, February 17, 1928; three
specimens, taken with the dredge down 30 fms., 14 miles S. W. of
Marquesas Keys, Fla., March, 1924 ; one specimen, from 5 fms., Ameri-
can Shoal Light, Fla., March 3, 1924 ; one male, Roncador Bank, Car-
ibbean Sea, January, 1928.

A very rare species.

Portunus (Achelous) depressifrons Stimpson.
One male, Cardenas, Cuba. Rare,

Lupella forceps (Fabricius).

Two specimens, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, February 4, 1924; two
specimens. Port Antonio, Jamaica, February, 1926. One of these is
exceptionally large and is the subject of the first color plate of the
species, made by Mr. Belanske. Rare.

Ooneplax tridentata A. Milne Edwards.

One male, dredged in 150 fms., 7 miles S. W. off Alligator Reef,
Fla., March 30, 1926.
Very rare ; this is the third record and largest specimen ever taken.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 17

Speocarcinus carolinensis Stimpson.

One male, Nuevitas Bay, Cuba; a female, dredged in 5 fms., Cata-
lina Creek, Cuba, February 15, 1924; three specimens, Limon Bay,
Panama, February 26, 1926. A rare species.

Grapsus grapsus Linne.

Turtle Rocks, Bahamas, tide-line, one female. (See also Galapagos
and Cocos Island records.)

Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards).

One male, Catalina Creek, Cuba, tag 91. Abundant in the tropics,
but apparently quite rare in collections.

Percnon gihhesii Milne Edwards.

One specimen from the pond, middle of Sand Key, Dry Tortugas,
Nov. 27, 1923. Rare.

Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille.

One female, Miami Beach, Florida, February, 1922.

Ocypode albicans Bosc.

Two females. Dry Tortugas, Florida, November 26, 1923.

LABRADOR-NEW ENGLAND FAUNA.

Hyas coarctatus Leach.

Several specimens, dredged in 7 fms., upper end of Whitehaven
Harbor, Nova Scotia, September 6, 1926.

Libinia dubia H. Milne Edwards.

Two males. Long Island Sound, Northport, N. Y., July 7, 1922 ; one
large male from the same locality, July 7, 1928.

Cancer amaenus Herbst= Ca-ncer irroratus Say.

Eight specimens from the upper end of Whitehaven Harbor, Nova
Scotia, September, 1926.

Uca pugnax (S. I. Smith).

Three specimens, Northport Harbor, Long Island, N. Y., September
11, 1928.

TROPICAL AMERICAN PACIFIC FAUNA.

Stomatopoda.
Squilla panamensis variety B, R. P. Bigelow.
Three, Puntas Arenas, Costa Rica, March, 1928. Rare.

18 Bulletin, VanderhUt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Brachyura.

Baninoides laevis lamarcki A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier.

A pair. Perlas Island, February 19, 1928. Very rare ; first Pacific
record of a species also known from a very few records in the West
Indian region.

Persephona edwardsii Bell,

Two males, Saboga anchorage, Perlas Islands, March, 1928, Very
rare.

Persephona ordicularis Bell.

A male and a female, Saboga anchorage, Perlas Islands, March,
1928. Exceedingly rare ; only specimens known, since the type is lost.

Bandallia ornata (Randall).

One young female, Punta Arenas, Costa Rica. Rare ; this establishes
the first Costa Rican record of the species which substantially extends
its southern range.

Collodes granosus Stimpson.

Three males, two females, ovigerous, Perlas Islands, February 19,
1928. One, Punta Arenas, Costa Rica, Feb., 1928. A very rare species,
hitherto known only from the Gulf of California.

Dasygius depressus Bell.

One specimen, taken inshore, "Wafer Bay, Cocos Island, March 5,
1926. Rare ; first record from Cocos.

Heteractea lunata (Milne Edwards and Lucas).

One ovigerous female, Punta Arenas, Costa Rica, March, 1928. Very
rare. First Costa Rican record for the species.

Eriphides hispida (Stimpson).

One male, Webb Cove, Hood Island, Galapagos Islands, March,
1928; one female. Indefatigable Island, Conway Bay, Galapagos,
March 11, 1926. Rare.

Portunus (Portunus) xantusi (Stimpson).

One male, one female, Perlas Islands, March, 1928 ; one male, one
female, Punta Arenas, Costa Rica, February, 1928. Rare.

Euphylax dovii Stimpson.

One male, inshore. Wafer Bay, Cocos Island, March 5, 1926. Very
rare : first Cocos record of the species.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 19

Chasmoearcinus latipes Rathbun.

Five specimens, inshore, Wafer Bay, Coeos Island, March 30, 1926.
Very rare; hitherto known only from the holotype, from Magdalena
Bay, L. C. The present record substantially extends the southern
range of the species, and also gives the first capture of both sexes.

Grapsus grapsus Linne.

Seven specimens. Hood Island, Galapagos, March, 1928; one male.
Wafer Bay, Cocos Island, March 1928. (See also Florida record for
this species.)

Uca Colorado ensis (Rathbun).

One male and one female, Canos Island, Costa Rica, February 15,
1928. Rare.

MEDITERRANEAN FAUNA.

Dorippe lanatus (Linne).

Two males, one female, dredged in 35 fms., N. E. by N. of Cape
Carthage, Gulf of Tunis, Mediterranean Sea, July 21, 1927. One
female, dredged in 100 fms., 9l^ miles E. by S., i/^ S. from Cape Bon
Tunis, North Africa, July 19, 1927. Rare.

Stenorynchus longirostris Fabricius.

One specimen, Adriatic Sea. Rare in American collections.

Inachus dorsettensis (Pennant), infested with Sacculina neglecta
Fraisse.

One specimen, dredged in 325 fms., 38 miles S. E. by I/2 E. of Cape
Spartivento, Island of Sardinia, July 22, 1927. One specimen, dredged
in 100 fms., 91/2 miles E. by S., 1/2 S. of Cape Bon Tunis, North Africa,
July 19, 1927.

Maia verrucosa H. Milne Edwards.

Two specimens, Casa Blanca, Morocco, August 20, 1924.

Pilumnus spinifer H. Milne Edwards. .

One specimen, dredged in 100 fms., 914 miles E. by S., y^ S. from
Cape Bon Tunis, North Africa, January 19, 1927. Rare in American
collections.

Bathynectes longipes (Risso).

One female, dredged in 19 fms., grassy bottom, 10 miles south of
Cagliari, Sardinia. Rare in American collections.

20 Bulletin, VanderMlt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Portunus (Portunus) corrugatus (Pennant).

Two, dredged in 19 fms., grassy bottom, 10 miles S. of Cagliari,
Sardinia, July 23, 1927.

Portunus holsatus Fabrieius.

Five specimens, from 11 fms., Casa Blanca, Morocco, August 20,
1924.

Gonoplax angulata (Pennant).

One female, infested with Rhizocepbalid parasite, dredged in 35
fms., 5 miles N. E. by N. of Cape Carthage, Gulf of Tunis, Mediter-
ranean Sea, July 21, 1927.

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 1.

Gonodactylus oerstcdii Hansen x 1.5.

SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION.

Order: STOMATOPODA.
Family: Squillidae.

Genus : GONODACTYLUS Latrielle.
Gonodactylus oerstedii Hansen.

Plate 1.

Type: Hansen simply designated this species as from the West
Indies, briefly distinguishing it from the Indo-Paeific form.

Distribution: A member of the reef fauna of the "West Indian
faunal region.

Material examined: Three specimens taken in dragnet, Bimini,
Bahamas, November, 1924; two specimens, Florida Keys, February,
1924; one specimen, Florida Keys, March, 1924; one specimen, taken
in drag-net, 2 fms,. Port Antonio, Jamaica, February, 1926, by the
'^Ara/' William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Color : In life this species is a vivid grass green, with peacock blue
markings on the retrochela and caudal fan.

Technical description : Rostrum a subrectangular plate with the
distal angles rounded and produced to a very slender, acute spine in
the median line. Carapace also rectangular, smooth, except for the
lateral longitudinal groove on each side. Frontal margin on each side
of the rostrum and anterolateral angle evenly rounded; lateral mar-
gins subparallel, posterior margin relatively straight.

The second thoracic segment is narrow, short, with the lateral mar-
gin closely appressed, semiconcealed beneath the reflexed retrochela;
the third and fourth segments are longer, subequal, with the lateral
margin bluntly rounded; the fifth thoracic segment is longer but its
epimeral plate is narrower, more tapered; the first three abdominal
segments are subequal, except that the first segment bears at its an-
terior angle a flexible lobed epimeral process; the lateral margins of
all three segments are bordered by a flat carina which is wider anter-
iorly ; the fourth and fifth abdominal segments are successively longer

(21)

22 Bulletin, Yanderhilt Marine Museum, Yol. II

with their lateral margins similar to those preceding; the posterior
margin relatively straight in the median line and convex on each side ;
the sixth segment is shorter than the others with a transverse flat
carina along the anterior margin and with six large, thick, longitud-
inal tubercles, subequally spaced and terminating in an acute denticle
posteriorly; the outermost one on each side being more acuminate
than those adjacent. The telson has the proximal part elevated and
ornamented with three thick elongate tubercles ; there is also a small,
round granule at the base and slightly outside of each of the long,
outer tubercles ; the distal telsonic margin is cut by a median V-shape
sinus on either side of which is a triangulate, acuminate tooth with
its inner lateral margin denticulate, its median dorsal surface with a
heavy, node-like carina ; a small, short tooth on the outer side of this
large tooth at the base, and then another large tooth, its upper surface
with two, prominent, thick ridges, its outer margin carinate, notched
near the base forming a small tooth from which the heavy, carinate
lateral margin extends back as a ridge to the base of the telson.

The uropoda are very strong, the peduncle with a small spine at
the base of the outer blade ; the produced inner process slightly longer
than either blade of the telson, the outer angle produced into a longer,
sabre-like tooth, which is separated from the similar but shorter acum-
inate tooth of the inner angle by a deep, V-shape sinus. The outer
blade is thick, irregularly shaped, with a rounded node at the base of
its inner lateral margin, an oblique ridge on its upper surface and
with eleven strong, acuminate, movable spines of unequal length along
its outer lateral margin, and one double spine at its outer distal angle ;
the distal article of the outer blade is very small, oval, nearly sub-
circular, ciliate; the smaller inner blade is narrow, long, both lateral
margins convex but unequal to each other, distal margin rounded; a
strong, oblique, longitudinal carina near the outer lateral margin;
entire margin ciliated.

The eyestalk is very short, cylindrical, the cornea dorso-terminal,
convex, about as long as the stalk and of approximately the same
width ; composed of very fine facets.

The antennulae have the peduncular joints slender, clavate, ap-
proximately subequal, the three together being twice as long as the
eye ; the flagellum is short, stocky, the upper whip being one and one-
half times as long as the third peduncular article ; the lower flagellum
is two-branched, its upper branch being one and two-thirds times as

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 23

long as the upper flagellum, while the lower whip is about equal to the
upper flagellum.

The outer antennae have the basal peduncular article thick, knobbed,
with an acuminate tooth at the inner distal angle ; the scaphocerite is
narrow, elongate-ovate, with ciliated margins; the second and third
peduncular articles are slender, clavate, the flagellum is composed of
28 articles and extends about as far forward as that of the inner
antennae.

The first maxillipeds are slender, thin, leg-like, terminating in a
small, unequal-sided, ovate article that bears a thick brush of bristly
setae on its outer and distal margin.

The second maxillipeds form the great retrochela; the merus is
greatly elongated, with its upper surface smooth, convex, its superior
lateral and posterior margins rounded, the distal two-thirds of the
lower lateral margin excavate for the reception of the reflexed pro-
podus ; the carpus is short, smooth, convex ; the propodus is two-thirds
as long as the merus, with the proximal three-fourths slightly nar-
rower than the distal end, which is rounded externally; the lower
lateral margin of the propodus is grooved for the reception of the
dactyl; the dactyl is thickened, externally convex for the proximal
third of its length, then forms a slender, rod-like blade with the tip
very curved ; the cutting edge is very finely denticulate.

The third maxillipeds and first and second thoracic legs are similar,
subequal, each with a sublobate exopod at its base; the ischium is
greatly elongated, slender, arched, the merus is short, outwardly thick,
its inner lateral margin produced into a laminate, convex lobe; the
carpus is small, wider distally, its outer lateral margin bristly, it and
the propodus reflexed upon the laminate process of the merus; the
propodus is laminate, roughly suboval, the outer margin more convex,
the inner margin with its proximal angle bluntly rounded, its margin
thickly set with bristles ; the dactyl is slender, curved and folds upon
the lateral margin of the propodus.

The third, fourth and fifth thoracic legs are weak and fragile, each
with an epipodite ; the distal joint is set along its outer, rounded mar-
gin with 8 to 12 articulated spines of unequal length and there are sev-
eral more of these at the distal end of the preceding article.

Five pairs of strong, biramous pleopoda arise from the respective
abdominal segments.

24 Bulletin, VanderMlt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Synonymy: Squilla chiragra Fabricius (part), Ent. Syst., vol, II,
p. 513, 1793 ; Suppl. p. 417, 1798.— Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u.
Krebse, vol. II, p. 100, pi. 24, fig. 2, 1796 (part). — Desmaeest,
(part), Consid. Gen. Crust., p. 251, pi. 43, 1825.

Gonodactylus' chiragra (part), Latreille, Encyc. Meth., vol. X, p.
473, 1825.— Atlas, pi. 125, fig. 2.— H. Milne Edwards (part).
Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. II, p. 528, 1837. — Gibbes, Proc. Amer.
Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 201, 1850. — Dana (part), U. S. Explor.
Exped. Crust., vol. 13, p. 623, pi. 41, fig. 5, 1852.— S. I. Smith,
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. II, p. 41, 1869. — Miers
(part), Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 5, p. 118, 1880.— W.
K. Brooks, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ, vol. II, p. 71, 1892 (Hfe
history) ; Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 353-360, pi. I, fig. 2,
PI. Ill, colored figure of adult; pis. XIV, XV, larvae, 1897.—
BiGELOW, R. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. XVII, p. 545, 1894.

Gonodactylus oerstedii Hansen, Cumaceen und Stomatopoden der
Plankton Exped., p. 65, 1895. — Rankin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.,
vol. XI, p. 253, 1898 ; op. cit., vol. XII, p. 545.— Bigelow, R. P.,
Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 152, figs. 1, 2, 1901.—
Verrill, a. E., Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 26, p. 189,
fig. 1, 1922. — Rathbun, Rapport betreffende een voorloopig onder-
zoek naar den toestand de Visscherij en de Industrie van Zeepro-
ducten in de Kolonie Curacao, 1907, p. 348. — Schmitt, Bijdragen
tot de dierkunde uitgegeven, natura artis magistra te Amsterdam,
23E afl., 1924, p. 80.

Gonodactylus gonagra variety oerstedii Borradaile, On the Stomatop-
oda and Macrura brought by Dr. Willey from the South Seas,
Zoological Results, part IV, p. 402, 1900.

Genus : PSEUDOSQUILLA Guerin.
Pseudosquilla ciliata Fabricius variety occidentalis Borradaile.

Plate 2.

Type: Borradaile designated the variety ''occidentalis" on several
specimens from the West Indian region.

Distribution: A reef-dweUer of the "West Indian faunal region;

Bulletin, Vaxdekbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 2.

Pseudosqitida ciliaia Fabricius variety occidentalis Borradaile, natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 25

closely allied to tlie typical P. ciliata Fabricius, which is known from
the Indo-Pacific region, Philippines, Hawaii, Fiji Islands, Loyalty
Islands, New Britain, Australia and a few other localities in Oceania.

Material examined : Five specimens from the Florida Keys, March,
1924; five specimens dredged in 30 fms., southwest of the Marquesas
Keys, Florida, March 2, 1924.

Habits : This species is abundant in the rock crevices of the West
Indian coral reefs, and while it is chiefly nocturnal, swimming about
and procuring its food at night, it is also occasionally found swimming
during the day, its powerful caudal fan and abdominal appendages
enabling it to propel itself rapidly and gracefully.

Color: The coloration of this species, resembling G. oerstedii, is
very variable. The males are usually bright grass green with a cast
of peacock blue, especially on the retrochela and caudal fan ; the ap-
pendages are margined and tipped with carmine. The females are less
vividly colored, as are also the young males, both of which forms fre-
quently appear olivaceous with marblings of yellowish or brownish.

Technical description: Rostrum wider than long, produced to a
slight median point, with the fronto-lateral margins evenly convex;
the carapace is convex, smooth, except for the longitudinal lateral
groove on each side, frontal margin much less excavate than that of
G. oerstedii; anterolateral margins rounded but scarcely at all pro-
duced; posterolateral margins also rounded; posterior margin rela-
tively straight. The visible thoracic and first five abdominal segments
are smooth. The third abdominal segment is very short and narrower
than the others, its epimeral margin rounded; the fourth, fifth and
sixth abdominal segments are approximately equal with the lateral
margins rounded, but slightly different ; the fourth being quite blunt
and broad, the fifth more convex, and the sixth more tapered, sub-
acute. The first, second, third and fourth abdominal segments are
subequal in length and all have the lateral margins truncated, the first
segment having a rounded, flap-life process anteriorly. The fourth
segment is said by Borradaile to have no tooth at its postlateral angle,
but of the eight specimens before me from southern Florida, only one
has no spine at this angle and it is a small young specimen ; one speci-
men has a spine at this angle on the right side but none on the left,
this is also a small specimen; the other six specimens ranging from
small to large have a small, short, acute spine at the postlateral angle

26 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

of the fourth abdominal segment, as in the Indo-Pacific form. The
fifth abdominal segment is one and one-fourth times as long as the
fourth and has an acute tooth at its postlateral angle; the sixth seg-
ment is one-half as long as the fifth, and is ornamented with a sub-
median pair of acute, conical spines that form an elevation on the
surface of the segment and project beyond it for a distance equal to
half its length; a second pair of smaller, acute spines occur, one on
each side about haKway between the submedian and lateral margin
and about midway the length of the segment, not projecting beyond
its posterior margin. At the postlateral angle there is also an acute
conical spine which projects beyond the telson, between its margin
and the peduncle of the uropod.

The telson is shield-shaped, sharply elevated in the median line into
a strong, laterally compressed keel which terminates subdistally in a
spine and has near it on either side a shorter, lower carina, outside
of which there is a second low carina, divergent and a trifle longer
than the inner one and terminating in a blunt tooth. Outside of this
carina the telson is depressed; there is a small, blunt node or tooth
proximaUy just inside the heavy carina which margins the lateral
border of the telson. There are a submedian pair of slender, acumi-
nate, articulated spines on the distal margin of the telson, with a
rounded, ridge-like elevation of the telson behind the base of each of
these spines, which are separated from each other by two small,
rounded nodes; outside the submedian spine the margin is excavate,
a low, broad, rounded node, followed on its outer side by an acute
spinule, then a long, acuminate, conical spine separated on its outer
margin by an excavation and a small spinule from another long, acute
conical spine, the outer margin of which is confluent with the lateral
margin of the telson.

The uropoda have a strong peduncle that is marked on its upper
proximal surface by a carina terminating distally in an acute spine
with its tip incurved above the outer blade ; the produced part of the
peduncle is slightly longer than the basal section of the outer blade
and is forked distally, the outer angle terminating in a triangulate
scale which is only two-thirds as long as the similar spine which ter-
minates the inner angle; both of these spines are decidedly curved
inward; the inner blade of the uropod is long, narrow, oval, ciliate,
with a median groove proximally. The outer blade has the proximal
article as long as the inner blade, thickened with an approximately
median ridge, armed with nine acuminate, curved spines of succes-

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 27

sively increasing size, along the outer lateral margin, the ninth spine
being twice as long as the previous one, and situated on the outer
distal margin of the article ; each spine is ciliate along its inner lateral
margin. The distal article of the outer blade is two-thirds as long as
the proximal article, oval, cilated.

The eyestalk is short, cylindrical, the cornea spherical, of about the
same diameter as the stalk, set obliquely terminal upon it.

The antennulae are short, the three peduncular articles clavate,
subequal; the upper flagellum slender, composed of 42 cilated rings;
the shorter branch of the lower flagellum consists of 24 rings, while
the longer branch is subequal to the upper flagellum.

The antennae have the peduncular article short, a tooth at its outer
distal angle, its upper margin rounded ; the acicule extending nearly
half its length beyond the first joint, flat on the dorsal surface, its
lateral margins keeled, convergent distally, the tip down-curved,
acute. The scaphocerite is three and one-half times as long as wide,
oval, its distal and inner lateral margins fringed with plumose setae ;
it is about twice as long as the eye. The second and third peduncular
articles are clavate, subequal, extending slightly beyond the eye; the
flagellum is slender, consisting of 36 rings.

The first maxillipeds are slender, leg-like, the propodus suboval,
laminate, with a dense brush of setae on its distal and upper lateral
margins, the dactyl is very small, curved, acute-tipped, fitting across
the curved distal border of the propodus.

The second maxillipeds form the retrochela, the ischium is elongate
and excavate on its inferior lateral margin ; the merus is about as long
as the carapace, its upper margin convex medially and slightly excavate
distally; the lower margin excavate for the reception of the reflexed
propodus ; the carpus is very small, convex, wider distally and fits into
the grooved under side of the merus ; the propodus is long, narrow and
rather compressed, thin, the outer margin rounded distally and with
one subdistal tooth; the opposite margin is set with a row of saw-
tooth like denticles; there are three long, acute, articulated spines
proximally, on the inner margin, also three cavities into which the
teeth of the dactyl fit ; the dactyl is slender, very curved distally with
one rapier-like distal tooth and two slenderer, curved, acute, unequal
teeth arising from the inner margin.

The third maxillipeds and first and second thoracic legs are similar,
successively decreasing in size posteriorly ; the merus is arched, elong-

28 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Yol. II

ate, dorsoventrally flattened with a rounded laminate process at the
inner distal angle; the carpus is small, wider distally, the propodus
is broad, thick, suboval, with its inner margin thick-set with bristles ;
the dactyl is slender, curved, closing upon the propodiLS, claw-like.
The inner lateral margins of the merus and carpus are also fringed
with bristles'; there is a dense short brush of bristles on the outer distal
margin of the propodus of the second thoracic leg.

The third, fourth aud fifth thoracic legs are short, seick-like, each
with a slender exopodite which is subequal in length to the joint be-
side which it lies; the terminal joint is fringed with stiff bristles on
its outer and distal margins.

There are five pairs of abdominal pleopoda, each biramose, very
powerfully developed ; a small hook arises from the inner lateral mar-
gin of the inner blade, enabling the two blades to fasten as one, thus
increasing the power as a swimming organ.

Synonymy : Squilla ciliata Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. 3, p. 512, 1793.

Squilla stylifera Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, p. 189, 1818. —

Latreille, Encyc. Meth., vol. 10, p. 472, 1825. — Guerin, Icon.

Crust., pi. 24, fig. 1. — H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol.

2, p. 526, 1837.
Pseudosquilla stylifera Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped., Crust., p. 622, pi.

41, fig. 4, 1852.— Von Martens, Arch, fur Naturg., vol. 38, p. 146,

1872.

Pseudosquilla ciliata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 5, p. 108,
pi. 3, figs. 7 and 8, 1880. — Brooks, Voyage of Challenger, Zool.,
vol. 16, art. 2, p. 53, pi. 15, fig. 10, 1886.— Bigelow, R. P., Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, p. 499, 1894 ; Rept. U. S. Fish. Comm.,
vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 154, figs. 3, 4, 1901.— Rankin, Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sci., vol. 11, p. 545, 1900. — Boone, Bull. Bingham Oceanog. Coll.,
vol. 1, art. 2, p. 6, 1927.

Pseudosquilla ciliata variety occidentalis Borradaile, in "Willey's Zool.
Results from New Britain, New Guinea, etc., 1895-97. — Verrill,
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 26, p. 192, pi. 50, figs. 1
and 2, pi. 51, figs. 1-lb, pi. 54, fig. 2, 1923.— Rathbun, Rapport
betrefende een voorloopig onderzoek naar den toestand van de
Visscherij en de industrie van Zeeproducten in de Kolonie
Curacao, uitgebracht door Prof. Dr. J. Boeke, pt. 2, 1920, p. 347.
— ScHMiTT, Bijdragen tot de dierkunde, Natura Artis Magistra
te Amsterdam, 23 E Afl., 1924, p. 81.

I^ULLKTIX, VANDERFilLT MaKINE MusEUM, VoL. 11

Plate 8.

LysiosquiUa macuUiia (Fabric-ius), one-half of natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 29

Genus : LYSIOSQUILLA Dana.

Lysiosqullla maculata (Fabricius).

Plate 3.

Type: Fabricius' type came from the East Indies and was depos-
ited in the British Museum.

LIaterial EXAMINED: One large specimen from the Florida Keys,
March, 1924, taken by the "Ara."

DiSTEiBUTiON : Circumtropic, abundantly recorded from the Indo-
Pacific and less abundantly known from the "West Indian region. Lit-
toral zone, burrowing.

Color : Alternately banded transversely with broad bands of grey-
ish black and cream color.

Technical description: Rostrum widely heart-shaped, one-fourth
wider than its greatest length, produced to a median point, with the
anterolateral margins rounded. Carapace squarish, with the antero-
lateral margins slightly rounded, posterolateral margins slightly pro-
duced, convex, median posterior margin concave; dorsal surface
smooth except for the two longitudinal submedian grooves. The first
and second thoracic segments are almost entirely concealed ; the third
segment is shorter and narrower than those following and has its
lateral part inconspicuous, appressed to the body; the third, fourth
and fifth segments are of equal length but successively increase in
width; each segment has the lateral margin convex, anteriorly trun-
cate, nearly right-angled posteriorly on the fourth and fifth segments,
the sixth being rounded. The first four abdominal segments are sub-
equal in length with the lateral margins slightly sinuate; the fifth
segment is similar to the fourth, but a little longer and has its pos-
terior margin armed with about twelve spinules on each side, the outer
ones being the longer ; the sixth segment is only four-fifths as long as
the fifth with a distinct, flat, transverse carina across the anterior
margin, accentuated on each side but not in the median region by a
depression, and with its posterior edge spinulose ; the entire posterior
margin of the sixth segment is also spinulose, its lateral margin trun-
cated. The telson is wider than long; a spinulose carina across its
proximal margin, prominent, elevated, smooth, tongue-like process,
which narrows posteriorly, rounded, and terminates subdistally. On
either side of this elevation there is a roughened, granulose area,
coarsely pitted ; while the outer third of the telson bears an ovate con-

30 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

tour, outlined on its inner side by a slight elevation, the remainder
being roughened, pitted and granular. There are four blunt teeth
separated by concave sinuses on each side of the postlateral margin,
the tooth most lateral in position and one adjacent to it being the
largest, while the submedian tooth is the smallest and very blunt ; the
distal margin is rather bluntly truncated and bearing slight indication
of about twelve rounded granulae, the slight median incision being
the only definite break in the margin.

The uropoda have a very stout peduncle with one spinule at the
inner angle of the outer blade; the produced under portion of the
peduncle consists of an acute, curved, blade-like outer spine which
extends as far forward as the distal margin of the proximal joint of
the outer blade ; the inner spine of this process is twice as long as the
outer, from which it is separated by a U-shaped sinus ,• the outer spine
is three-sided, its under face grooved, its tip curved upward and ex-
tending three-fourths the length of the inner blade. The inner blade
is unequally elongate-ovate, its outer margin being more convex than
the inner, and reaches as far posteriorly as the telson does ; the outer
blade has the basal joint smaller than the peduncle with a large, flat,
rounded node on its upper inner margin ; its outer distal margin
armed with eight articulated spines of increasing size on its outer and
distal margins ; there is one acute, subdistal spine on its ventral sur-
face ; the distal article of the outer blade is oval, twice as wide as long,
extending as far as the inner blade, with a heavy submedian carina
proximally; both blades are heavily ciliated.

The eyes are large, reniform, set obliquely on short, thick stalks, the
long diameter of the cornea exceeding the length of the stalk; the
cornea is distinctly constricted medially and composed of very small
facets.

The antennulae have the three peduncular joints clavate, subequal,
the upper branch of the flagellum the longest, consisting of about fifty
slender rings ; the longer whip of the lower branch consists of about
45 rings, the shorter, of about 35 rings.

The antennae have the peduncular article large, its inner distal
angle with a triangulate tooth; the acicule represented by a narrow,
elongate, triangulate process of soft, semitransparent membrane ; the
second and third articles are slender, clavate, the third slightly longer
than the second ; the scaphocerite is three-fifths as long as the carapace,
oval, ciliate ; the flagellum is somewhat thicker and not quite as long
as the longest whip of the antennulae.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 31

The first maxillipeds are slender, the distal articles are unfortu-
nately broken in the present specimen.

The retrochela is large, the ischium with a reinforced distal joint,
the merus elongated, about as long as the carapace, convex outwardly
with a cup-like excavation on its upper distal border ; the inferior mar-
gin carinate and excavate beneath ; the carpus is small, with a subdis-
tal tooth on its outer margin ; the propodus is one and one-third times
longer than the merus, flattened, convex distally on the outer margin ;
the inner margin more convex proximally ; its outer edge banded with
fine denticulations ; the inner edge with four articulated spines prox-
imally; the dactyl is as long as the propodus, very curved apically,
slender, with eight curved acuminate teeth on its inner side and with
the ninth, or apical tooth very strong, all fitting into the sheath-like
apertures of the propodus.

•The third maxillipeds and first and second thoracic legs are similar,
the proximal four joints slender; the propodus subovate, laminate,
nearly subcircular, its anterior margin ciliate; the dactyl is slender,
curved, acuminate, folding across this ciliate margin, claw-like.

The fourth, fifth and sixth thoracic legs are weak, stick-like, each
with an epipod as long as the related article ; the distal article bears
a heavy brush of setae.

The pleopoda are heavy, well developed.

As pointed out by Miers, the principal distinguishing character be-
tween L. maculata and L. glahruiscula was long believed to be the
different dentition of the retrochela, the Indo-Pacific form having nine
or ten, the West Indian L. glahruiscula having from five to seven
teeth or spines. The large West Indian specimen taken by the "Ai^a"
has ten teeth on the retrochela, while younger West Indian specimens
I have examined have only five to eight. Hence it becomes necessary
to unite the two species under the older name, L. maculata.

Synonymy: Squilla arenaria Eumphus, Amboin. Rarit., p. 6, pi. 3,
fig. E, 1705.

Squilla maculata Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. 2, p. 511, 1793 ; Suppl., p.
415, 1798. — Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans Vert., vol. V, p. 188,
1818. — ^Desmarest, Consid. Crust., p. 250, 1825. — Latreille,
Meth. Hist. Nat., vol. X, p. 470, 1825.— H. Milne Edwards, Hist.
Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 518, pi. 26, fig. 11, 1837.— DeHaan, Fauna
Japon. Crust., p. 221, 1849. — White, List Crust. Brit. Museum,
p. 83, 1847.

32 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Cancer (Mantis) arenarius Herbst, Nat. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 2,
p. 96, pi. 33, fig. 2, 1796.

Lysiosquilla maculata Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 138;
Philosoph. Trans. Royal Soc, vol. CLXVIII, p. 494, 1879 ; Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., series '6, vol. 6, 1880, p. 5.

fSquilla glahriuscula Lamarck, op. cit. vol. V, p. 188, 1818. — ^La-
TREiLLE, op. cit. vol. X, p. 470, 1825. — H. Milne Edwards, op.
cit. vol. 2, p. 519.

Squilla vittata H. Milne Edwards, op. cit. vol. 2, p. 519. — ^White, op.
cit. p. 83. — GiBBES, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1850, p. 199.

Lysiosquilla glahriuscula Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., series 6, vol. 6,
p. 7, 1880.

Genus : SQUILLA Fabricius.
SctuUla mantis Latreille.

Plate 4.

Type : Latreille states that according to Risso this species is found
in the deeper waters of the Mediterranean and according to Linnaeus
in the seas of the North (Europe). It is now generally accepted that
Linnaeus confused several species.

Distribution : Mediterranean Sea and found less abundantly on the
Atlantic shores of the Hispanic peninsula and as far north as southern
England.

Material examined; One specimen taken at Porto Padre, Cuba,
March, 1928, by the "Ara."

Color : Never described.

Technical description: This species is superficially quite similar
to 8. alba. The rostrum is longer than wide, shaped like that of alba,
but mantis has the median longitudinal carina broken posteriorly and
bifurcated, forming an elliptical contour which unites near the pos-
terior margin. There are two carinae on each side the median carina,
one of these is just below the lateral groove and is interrupted pos-
teriorly by a transverse sulcus ; the other lateral carina is about half-
way between the upper lateral carina and the extreme lateral margin,
which is also carinate. The third thoracic segment terminates its an-
terior margin on the ventral surface in an acute, downward pointed

Bulletin, Vanderbilt ^Marine Museum, Vol. H Plate 4.

Sqiiilla mantis Latreille, four-fifths of natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 33

spine; the epimeral angle is also an acute tooth directed down and
posteriorly. The remaining thoracic segments resemble those of alba
and so do the abdominal segments, the only differences being that the
tooth at the postlateral angle of each segment of mantis is longer
and sharper than are those of alba, and that all the carinae of the
fifth segment of mantis each terminate in a small spine, as do also
those of the sixth segment. There is a median longitudinal carina
extending from the third thoracic segment to the posterior margin of
the abdominal segment. The telson has the same general shape and
proportions as that of alba, but the marginal dentition differs, mantis
having the median ridge terminating posteriorly in a spine beneath
which there is a nodular granule at the base of the slit-like median
incision, on either side of which there are four small, rounded teeth,
those from the center being the largest and adjacent to a sharp,
longer, pointed tooth, which is followed on the outerside by five acute,
triangulate teeth, beyond which there is one long, acuminate tooth
with a median keel extending back a short distance on the telson, and
which is separated on the outside by a short, triangulate tooth from
a long acuminate tooth with a median keel running back onto the tel-
son; about opposite the proximal termination of this keel there is on
the lateral margin a blunt tooth, which is continuous with the lateral
carina of the telson.

The peduncle of the uropod is similar to that of alba and has a spine
at its rostral margin; the proximal half of the outer blade differs in
having seven acute movable spines, successively increasing in length
from the proximal to the distal, along the distal half of its outer
margin; the distal half of the outer blade is oval, eiliate; the inner
blade is small, elongate, with a rounded apex. The produced inner
angle of the peduncle has the same general shape as that of alba, with
the inner lateral margin carinate and the inner distal angle produced
into a curved, elongate, acuminate tooth whose apex is in line with
that of the innermost long spine of the telson ; the rounded node lying
between this spine and the one forming the outer distal angle is de-
cidedly smaller than that of alba; the outer distal angle of mantis is
a long, acuminate tooth.

The eyestalk is very short, stocky ; the cornea is very large, renif orm,
set obliquely upon the stalk, the long diameter of the cornea twice its
own short diameter, and about twice the length of the stalk.

The inner antennae are similar to those of alba.

The external antennae differs from alba in the shape of the proximal

34 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

joint of the peduncle, which is narrowed distally and has its outer
lateral margin oblique, while that of alba is squarish.

The first maxillipeds are slender with a weak subchela, formed by
the laminate, oval, pedunculate article which is furnished with a
brush of setae along its anterior margin; the terminal segment is a
slender curved claw, fitting upon the preceding article and forming
a chela.

The second maxillipeds form a large retrochela which folds along
the lateral margin of the carapace and forms a sort of sidewall when
closed. The merus is elongate with its lower lateral margin carinate
and its upper lateral margin with a deep concavity distally in which
there is a nodular tubercle; the carpus is small and is curiously
jointed to the propodus and is short, rounded ; the propodus is as long
as the merus upon which it is reflexed and has its outer surface
smooth, its inferior margin armed with a continuous row of small
denticles and with five sheath-like pockets on its inferior margin for
the reception of the claws of the dactyl ; there are three slender, acum-
inate, articulated spines on the inner lower proximal margin of the
propodus. The dactyl is slender with a curved apex and armed with
four slender curved teeth on its inner margin, which fit into the
glove-finger-like apertures on the margin of the propodus.

The third maxillipeds and second and third thoracic legs are similar
and subequal; weakly chelate; the propodus laminate, widely oval,
with a fringe of bristly setae along its lateral margin; the dactyl is
slender, curved, acuminate, folding upon the anterior lateral margin
of the propodus.

The third, fourth and fifth thoracic legs are slender, stick-like, four-
jointed, each with a cane-like epipod.

The abdominal pleopoda are very powerful.

Synonymy: Squille mantis DeGeer, Mem. pour servir a I'hist. des
Insectes, vol. VII, p. 533, 1778.

Squilla mantis Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, p. 278, pi. Iv, fig.
1, 1802; Encycl. Meth. Hist. Nat., vol. X, p. 471, 1825; Atlas,
pl. ccxcv, figs. 1, 7, and pi. ccxxiv; Cuvier, Regne Anim., vol.
4, p. 108, 1829 ; Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans Vert. vol. v, p. 187,
1818; Eisso, Hist. Nat. Europ. Merid., p. 5) 1826; H. Milne
Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 520, 1837 ; Crust, in Cuvier,
R. A., ed. 3, Atlas, pl. LV, fig. 1 ; White, List Crust. Brit. Mus.,
p. 83, 1847. — Lucas, Anim. Artie, in Expl. Algerie, vol. 1, p. 50,

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. TI

Plate 5.

Squilla alba E. P. Bigelow, natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara,'' 1921-28 35

1849. — Bell, Brit. Crust., p. 351, 1851. — Johnson, Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, p. 56, 1859. — Heller, Crust. Sudl.
Europa, p. 306, pi. X, figs. 15-19, 1863.— B. Capello, J. Acad.
Sci. Lisbon, p. 80, 1877. — Miers. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5),
vol. 5, p. 21, 1880.— Bigelow, R. P., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
17, p. 526, 1894.

Latreille states that this crustacean was used by the ancients as a
medicine.

Squilla alba E. P. Bigelow.

Plate 5.

Type: Taken at Bimini Harbor, Bahamas, burrowing in calcerous
sand, and deposited in the United States National Museum.

Distribution: Known only from the type-material and the "Ara"
specimens, which establishes the first Cuban and Panama record for
the species.

Material examined: One specimen, dredged in Limon Bay, Pan-
ama, February 26, 1926, by the "Ara." One specimen from Nuevitas
Bay, Cuba, February 26, 1923.

Color: Dr. Bigelow, who personally collected the type specimen,
reports that it is opaque white with a few symmetrically placed black
spots ; the eyes are yellowish.

Technical description : Rostrum longer than wide, 4 mm. long, 2.8
mm. wide, basally with the lateral margin slightly convergent, the distal
margin rounded. The carapace is narrowed anteriorly, the frontal mar-
gin on either side of the rostrum slopes to the anterolateral angle,
which is armed with a small, acute, forward and slightly outward
pointing tooth; the lateral margins are carinate and diverge posteri-
orly, the posterolateral lobes being rounded, the posterior margin
slightly emarginate in the median region. There is a median longi-
tudinal carina which does not extend to the rostrum, on either side.
There is also an incomplete longitudinal carina on each side near the
lateral margin. The median lateral longitudinal grooves are sharply
defined.

The exposed thoracic and abdominal segments are transversely con-
vex, the first and second short, with the lateral parts concealed; the
third segment has the lateral margins produced to an acute, outward,

36 Bulletin, Vanderlilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

forward and slightly downward pointing tooth which has the post-
lateral margin carinate and on the ventral surface there is an acute,
down-pointed spine on each side. The fourth, fifth and sixth segments
are successively longer and wider, the lateral margins of the fourth
and fifth segments are oblique with a broad, rounded process at the
postlateral angle ; the sixth or longest segment has a rounded node or
tooth at the anterolateral angle and the posterolateral margin is exca-
vate and concealed beneath an ovate movable process which is attached
laterally to the anterior margin of the first abdominal segment. The
first five abdominal segments are subequal and similar, except that the
fifth segment is about one-eighth longer than those preceding and has
a short, acute tooth at its postlateral angle ; on one of the specimens
the longitudinal carinae of the fifth segment each terminate pos-
teriorly in an acute tooth as on the sixth segment. The sixth or pre-
telsonic segment is about half as long in the median line as the pre-
ceding segment with a short, acute, curved, downward and outward
pointing tooth at the anterolateral angle ; the lateral margin slanting
obliquely inward to the edge of the telson and armed with another
smaller, acute tooth at the postlateral angle. In addition to the carinate
margins there are six longitudinal carinae, the sub median and adja-
cent median lateral pair of which begin on the anterior part of the
fourth thoracic segment and extend, approximately parallel to each
other to the posterior margin of the sixth abdominal segment, while
the lower lateral pair begin on the anterior part of the first abdominal
segment ; all six carinae terminate posteriorly in an acute spinule or
tooth on, or almost on, the posterior margin of the pretelsonic segment.
The telson is shield-shaped with a prominent median longitudinal,
nodulose ridge which terminates subdistally in a small acute spine
pointed posteriorly and has just behind and below it a conical tooth,
below which the telson is depressed. There is a narrow, slit-like sinus
in the median line of the posterior margin and on either side of it the
margin is rounded into a broad tooth, above which there is a single
nodular denticle and which is followed on the margin by a smaller
rounded tooth which is immediately adjacent to a longer, pointed,
spinose tooth from the base of which there extends inward towards the
median ridge a curved row of four rounded tubercles on each side.
There are four rounded teeth of unequal sizes each with a rounded
nodular tubercle at its base, between this submedian spinose tooth
and the next acute spinose tooth which has a short granulosa carina
running in from its base for a short distance, and which is separated

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara,'* 1921-28 37

at its outer side by a single rounded tooth with a basal node from
another acute, spinose tooth which also has a prominent carina run-
ning in from its base for a short distance ; outside this spinose tooth
on the lateral margin there is midway a single blunt tooth which is the
terminus of a decided carina that extends along the lateral margin
to its base. The dorsal surface of the carapace is microscopically
granulate and punctate. The uropoda have the peduncle with two
longitudinal carinae on the proximal part and with an acute spine
distally at the base of the outer blade. The inner distal angle of the
peduncle is produced into a large blade which is a trifle longer than
the inner blade of the uropod and which is produced at its inner distal
angle to an attenuated, acuminate spine whose apex is directed pos-
teriorly and slightly inward towards the center and has a carinate
longitudinal ridge and is followed on the outer side by an unequal-
. sided rounded lobe which is slightly longer and broader than the inner
blade of the uropod and which has its proximal outer lateral margin
excavate and separated by a slit-like incision from the long, acute
spine which terminates the outer lateral angle and which has its apex
about as long as the adjacent, inner rounded lobe. The inner branch
of the uropod is small, narrow, elongate, narrowed proximally on the
outer side and with the distal margin evenly rounded and the entire
margin heavily fringed with close-set, plumose setae. The outer blade
of the uropoda consists of three articles, the proximal of which is
strong, with a heavy median ridge, its inner lateral margin convex
and fringed with setae and its outer distal angle with a long, acute,
movable spine, and with four acute, movable spines on the outer lat-
eral margin closely appressed to each other ; the distal article is about
as long as the proximal and is irregularly ovate, with a pronounced,
approximately median longitudinal ridge which has a parallel groove
on its inner side. The entire margin is heavily fringed with plumose
setae. Beside the distal article on its outer side at the base is a long,
slender, sabre-blade shaped spine, not quite half as long as the oval
blade beside which its concave inner margin rests.

The eyes are large, the cornea reniform, slightly constricted medi-
ally and the stalk is short, bulbous, definitely constricted below the
cornea which is set obliquely upon the stalls.

The inner antennae have the three peduncular articles cylindrical,
approximately subequal in length but of increasing slenderness dis-
tally ; the flagellum is triarticulate, the upper branch being about one-
third longer than the longer whip of the lower, two-branched flagel-

38 Bulletin, Vanderdilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

lum, and is about as long as the entire peduncle ; the lower branch has
its upper whip about half as long as the upper flagellum. There are
no setae on the whips.

The external antennae have the basal article flattish, squarish, the
second article also flattish, somewhat longer and supporting the
elongate ovate scaphocerite which is a third longer than the two pre-
ceding articles considered together, and is very heavily fringed with
plumose cilia ; the inner distal angle of the second peduncular article
also supports the flagellum, which consists of two slender, clavate
articles, the proximal of which extends to midway the cornea and the
second article is almost as long ; the multiarticulate whip is composed
of about 53 rings and extends somewhat beyond the inner antennular
flagellum.

The first maxillipeds are slender, small, terminating in a weakly
subchelate, ovate process, the finger being very weak and closing upon
the subcircular, laminate propodus, which is very heavily set with
plumose setae along its convex outer margin.

The second maxillipeds are enormously developed, forming the
large retrochela which has its merus strong, fitting in beside the lateral
margins of the carapace and extending beyond it as far as the base of
the scaphocerite ; the upper lateral distal margin of the merus has a cup-
like excavation; the carpus is short, convex, with its lower lateral
margin carinate, terminated subdistally in a tooth ; the propodus is as
long as the merus and lies reflexed upon the excavate outer lower side
of the merus; the lower outer margin of the propodus is set with a
continuous row of small, acute denticle-like spines beneath which mar-
ginal lamina the lateral edge of the propodus has six excavations into
which the six spines of the dactyl fit like fingers into a glove; there
are three acute, conical movable spines on the proximal inner lateral
margin of the propodus ; the dactyl is strong, slender, its tip very
curved, long, acuminate, and with five acute, curved, spine-like teeth
besides the apical one, arising from its inner lateral margin and fitting
into the propodal as the blade of a knife fits into its sheath.

The third maxillipeds and first and second thoracic legs are similar
and subequal with the basis slender, the ischium elongated slender,
the merus similar but not quite so long, the carpus short, its outer-
lateral surface convex, setose and armed distally with three very long
movable spines; the propodus is laminate, roughly suboval, its outer
margin boardly rounded, its inner, irregularly nodular, armed with
three or four very long, acute movable spines and with a heavy brush

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II Plate 6.

Squilla paitamcnsis, variety B, E. P. Bigelow, natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 39

of setae ; the dactyl is very slender, curved, closing upon the margin
of the propodus, claw-like and armed with stiff setae along its outer
lateral margin. The second thoracic legs have in addition to the fore-
going structure a dense brush of setae across the outer distal margin.

The third, fourth and fifth thoracic legs are very short, slender,
stick-like, reduced, biramous, i.e., having a single lameliform epipod
each.

The abdominal pleopoda but afford no specific characters.

Synonymy: Squilla alba Bigelow, R. P., Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir-
cular, No. 106, p. 103, 1893.— Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, p.
539, 1894.

Squilla panamensis variety B, Bigelow.

Plate 6.

Material examined: Three specimens from Punta Arenas, Costa
Rica, March, 1928, taken by the "Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, com-
manding.

Technical description: Rostrum three and one-half millimeters
long, three and one-quarter millimeters wide, tongue shape, with the
anterior margin evenly rounded. Carapace shield-shape, slightly nar-
rowed anteriorly; there is a short, transverse sulcus in the median
frontal region behind the rostrum ; the frontal margin on either side
of the rostrum is excavate and there is a short, acute, outward and
forward directed spine on the anterolateral angle; the anterior two-
thirds of the lateral margin is excavate and the remainder is pro-
duced into a convex lobe at the postlateral angle ; the median posterior
margin is excavate. There are five longitudinal carinae on the cara-
pace besides the margins. One of these carinae is median and is in-
terrupted posteriorly by the cervical groove, behind which the carina
bifurcates, forming a V, The median third of the carapace is sepa-
rated from the lateral third on each side by a well-defined groove.
The inner lateral longitudinal carina is about one-third the distance
between this carina and the outer margin and does not extend quite to
the anterior margin; posteriorly it is interrupted by the cervical
groove, the hinder portion of the carina curves around the postlateral
margin paralleling the margin. The second or outer lateral carina
extends from the anterolateral spine almost to the posterior margin.

The visible thoracic and abdominal segments are transversely con-
vex ; the first and second thoracic segments are short, concealed ; the

40 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

third thoracic segment is short and has the lateral part prominently
produced, narrowed, curved, acute and forward and downward point-
ing tooth ; below which on the ventral surface there is another acute,
forward directed spine. The fourth thoracic segment is one and one-
half times as long as the third and is considerably longer on the lateral
region than is the preceding segment; the lateral margin is cut into
a smaller triangle at the anterior angle and a longer unequal-sided
triangle at the posterior angle. The fifth and sixth thoracic segments
are each equal in length to the fourth, but the lateral margin of the
fifth segment is nearly right-angled anteriorly, separated by a very
shallow sulcus from the broad triangular area of the posterior angle ;
the lateral margin of the sixth thoracic segment is nearly right-angled,
a little convex on its anterior margin and slightly concave on the lat-
eral margin ; the posterior portion of the lateral margin is brief and
is concealed by the rounded overlapping flap ; the first five abdominal
segments are subequal in length; the sixth segment is about a milli-
meter shorter and about 1.5 mm. narrower on each side. With the
exception of the rounded, anteriorly projecting flap of the first abdom-
inal segment, the lateral parts of the six abdominal segments are sim-
ilar ; the margin relatively straight and thickened, terminating at the
posterior angle of each segment in an acute tooth. There are eight
longitudinal carinae, extending the length of the six abdominal seg-
ments. The innermost or submedian pair of these carinae also extends
the length of the four visible thoracic segments, as does also the upper
lateral pair of carinae. The lower lateral pair of carinae terminate on
the flap-like projection of the first abdominal segment; the outermost
or marginal pair of carinae lose their continuity anteriorly on this
same segment. On the third to sixth abdominal segments each carina
terminates posteriorly in a small tooth, those of the third segment
being quite weak (possibly absent in some instances) while those of
the sixth segment are more emphasized than any of the others.

The telson is about one millimeter wider than long, with a pro-
nounced median keel that ends subdistally in a blunt tooth in old male
specimens, or an acute tooth in young adults, below which there is a
blunt node between the two submedian elevations which terminate
distally in an acute, primary tooth. Between these there are secondary
teeth, the number varying from five to seven, on each side of the
median notch. In young specimens these secondary teeth are quite
bluntly triangulate ; in older specimens they are even more rounded.
Between the submedian primary teeth and next, or lateral pair of

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 41

primary teeth, the margin is eoncavely excavate, and furnished with
nine secondary teeth, similar to the other secondaries. This lateral
pair of primaries also has the base elevated or swollen for a short
distance back onto the carapace. It is followed on the outer side by
a single secondary tooth which in turn is followed on the outer side
by another primary tooth whose convex margin extends back to the
base of the last primary tooth which is on the lateral margin and
extends back as a carina to the base of the telson.

The rhipidura have the shorter part of the basal article of the ped-
uncle with two longitudinal carinae on the upper surface and an acute
tooth at the median point of its posterior margin ; the produced inner
process is as long as the telson and consists of a subrectangular pro-
longation which has its outer lateral margin slightly convex, the inner
lateral margin correspondingly concave; the distal end is incised for
half the length of the process by a V-shaped incision, the outer angle
a curved, acute spine that extends as far as two-fifths the length of the
outer blade; the inner angle is an even longer, acute spine which is
equal in length to the outer branch of the uropoda, and bears about
midway the length of its inner lateral margin a rounded node which
thickens with age, in the males especially.

The inner blade of the uropoda is very narrowly oval and in length
extends about one millimeter beyond the node on the long spine of the
process ; it is heavily fringed on the entire margin with plumose setae.
The outer blade has the proximal article in length extending as far
as the second primary lateral tooth of the telson and is thickened in
the median longitudinal line, with the inner margin very slightly
convex, the outer margin armed along its distal half with nine articu-
lated spines, the distal one of which is on the terminal angle and is
twice as long as the eighth spine ; the distal article of the blade is two-
thirds as long as the proximal and is suboval, half as wide as long and
densely ciliate.

The antennal segment bears on either side of the rostrum a curved
process which at its upper distal angle forms an acute triangulate
tooth; the ocular segment bears a shorter rounded, outward-directed
process on either side.

The eyes are triangulate, the cornea reniform, set obliquely upon
the bulbous stalk.

The antennulae have the peduncular articles slender, cylindrical,
the second and third articles the longer, subequal ; the three-branched
flagella slender, multiarticulate.

42 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The antermal peduncle has the peduncular articles stocky, the distal
one with a short, rounded, or blunted tooth, at its outer distal angle.
The scaphocerite is narrowly oval, ciliate; the flagellum is composed
of two elongate, cylindrical basal articles and about fifty short
annulae.

Synonymy : SquUla panamensis Bigelow, R. P., Johns Hopkins Univ.
Circ, No. 88, 1891 ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, p. 526, 1891.—
Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 237, 1895.

Squilla (Alima) gracilis Milne Edwards.

Material examined : Several specimens taken with electric light at
night. Egg Island Harbor, West Indies, January 19, 1925, by the
''Ara."

Distribution : In the plankton, "West Indian waters.

Discussion: These larvae correspond in all details with those fig-
ured and described by Brooks in the ''Challenger" Report. The
adult form represented by this Alima is unknown, but is believed to
be a deep-water Squilla.

Synonymy. — Squilla (Alima) gracilis Brooks, Rept. Stomatopoda
Voy. ''Challenger," Zool., vol. 16, p. 85, pi. 4, figs. 4-6, pi. 5, fig. 3,
pi. 6, figs. 3-5, pi. 8, figs. 4-6, 1886.

BRACHYURA.

Subtribe: Dromiacea.
Family: Dromidae.

Genus: DROMIDIA. Stimpson.
Dromidia antillensls Stimpson.

Plate 7, figs. A and B.

Name : Sponge carrier crab.

Diagnostic characters: Carapace decidedly convex, longer than
wide ; densely, finely hirsute ; late two pairs of legs reflexed upon the
back ; with dactjdi produced into three interlocking hooks for the pur-
pose of holding a sponge over the crab. An oblique line of four small
tubercles running inward from the anterolateral angle across the
pterygostomian region to the external distal angle of the maxilliped.

Bulletin, Vaxdekhilt Marine ^Iuhex'm. A^ol. 11

Plate 7.

Dromidia anIiUen.sis Stimpsoii, X 1.5.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 43

Type : The type material was ' ' found at St. Thomas, by Mr. Riise ;
at Key Biscayne, Florida, by G. Wurdemann, and at the Tortugas by
Dr. Whitehurst. " It is probably no longer extant.

Distribution : Known from Beaufort, N. C, the west coast of Flor-
ida, the east coast of Mexico, Santa Cruz ; Porto Rico ; Bahamas ; the
Abrolhos Islands, Brazil. The only record of the megalops is from
Swan Island (Bingham, 1926). The ''Ara" specimen establishes the
first record of the species from the east coast of Florida, i.e., Knight's
Key and Florida Keys.

Material examined: One small, ovigerous female from Knight's
Key, Florida, one large ovigerous female from the Florida Keys, tag
492, 1924; one small, sponge-clad male from tag 314, Turtle Harbor,
Fla., Nov., 1924, collected by the "Ara," William K. Vanderbilt,
commanding.

Technical description : Carapace decidedly convex in both direc-
tions, longer than wide, 31 mm. long in median line ; 28 mm. maximum
width, across the anterolateral angle. The anterior region is much the
wider, the anterolateral margins broadly rounded, the lateral margins
slightly convergent posteriorly; the posterior margin relatively
straight. The interorbital space is narrow, the frontal margin is pro-
duced to a triangular apex which is bent downward at the median
point below and between the more prominent teeth of the inner
orbital angles. Running obliquely inward from the anterolateral
angles across the pterygostomian regian to the external distal angle
of the maxilliped is a row of four small, well-spaced tubercles, each of
which is but little more than a large granule. On the upper surface
of the carapace there is a deep longitudinal sinus on each side of the
cardiac region between it and the branchial lobes; there is also an
obscure, transverse groove running across the branchial lobe and ter-
minating at a small blunt tooth on the lateral margin. The female
abdomen in the egg-laden specimen is very prominent dorsally, sub-
oval, convex; it consists of seven segments, which form a broad belt.
The male belt is narrow, with a triangulate tip.

The chelipeds are equal, stocky ; the merus trigonal in cross section,
closely appressed to the body, its distal end barely visible dorsally;
the carpus two-thirds as long as the merus with its upper surface
rounded, the palm is short and broad, convex on its outer surface, its
height almost equal to its width; the fingers are pearly white, very
stocky, with a slight basal gape; the upper finger is very curved, its

44 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

distal end crenulated, fitting closely upon the lower ; the entire cutting
edge of both fingers is dentate. The lower finger is shorter than the
upper.

The first and second ambulatories are long, laterally flattened, ex-
cept the dactyl, which is conical, very curved, with a long, sharp tip.

The third and fourth ambulatories are shorter, subdorsal in position,
reflexed upon the back, the fourth pair lying directly upon the pos-
terior part of the carapace; the fifth pair shorter, below and behind
it. The dactyl of the fourth leg is curiously long and curved forward
and has on its outer lateral margin near the base a small, outpointing,
curved spine. The long spine interfits between two shorter, acute,
curved spines, which pair arise from the anterolateral angle of the
dactyl and are directed posteriorly. The dactyli of the fourth legs are
similar to those of the third pair in structure, except that the long
dactyl tip lacks the accessory basal spine and is directed posteriorly,
while the paired, shorter spines between which it locks are directed
forwards.

The entire animal is densely covered with stiff, short, upstanding,
multispinose setae.

This crab affords an excellent study of the primitive structure of
antennae and antennulae in relation to the orbit and mouth cavity.

Synonymy: Dromidia antillensis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., p. 225, 1858.— Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, p. 71,
1859. — S. I. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, p.
17, 1869 (gives detailed measurements). Benedict, Bull. U. S.
Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 132, 1901. — Verrill, Trans. Conn.
Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, p. 431, fig. 51, pi. 28, figs. 2
and 3, 1908. — Rathbun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, art. 1, p. 39,
1897. — Rathbun, Rapport betreffende een vooloopiz onderzoek
naar den toestand van de visscherij en de Industrie van zeepro-
ducten in de Kolonie Curagao, vol. 1, p. 331, 1907. — Rathbun,
Univ. Iowa Studies Nat. Hist., vol. 9, No. 5, p. 66, 1921. — Hay and
Shore, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 35, p. 417, 1918.— Boone, BuU.
Bingham Oceanog. Coll., vol. 1, art. 2, p. 48, fig. 10, 1927 (gives
description of megalops and figures of same).

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Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 45

Tribe: OXYSTOMATA.

Family: Dorippidae.

Genus: DORIPPE Fabricius.

Dorippe lanatus (Linn6).

Plate 8.

DiGNOSTic CHAEACTERS: Carapace shield-shaped, flattish, regions
sharply defined, but little convex, grooves deep, the cardio-intestinal
region sharply circumscribed ; a rosette-like arrangement of five radi-
ating rugae occurs on the summit of the intestinal region. The entire
dorsal surface of carapace and legs is covered with a thick, short,
dirty yellow pilosity.

Type : Linnaeus ' type came from the Mediterranean Sea.

Distribution : Mediterranean Sea, Gibraltar and adjacent Atlantic
shores. Usually found in depths ranging from 50 to 100 meters. Also
West Africa, down to the Cape of Good Hope.

Material examined: Two males and one female dredged in 35
fathoms, five miles northeast by north of Cape Carthage, Gulf of
Tunis, Mediterranean Sea, July 21, 1927. One vigorous female dredged
in 100 fathoms, nine and one-half miles East by South ^ South from
Cape Bon Tunis, North Africa, July 19, 1927, by the ''Ara," WiUiam
K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description : Carapace flattish, regions sharply defined,
but little convex, interorbital region 9 mm. wide; rostrum less pro-
tuberant than the inferior inner orbital tooth, narrow, shallowly bi-
dentate, the space between the rostral teeth widely U-shaped ; the tips
of the inner maxillipeds fitting between these on the lower side and
forming a tube-like channel; posterior to the depressed rostrum and
on a higher plane are the subequal preorbital teeth. The orbital cav-
ity is deep, oblique, with the postorbital tooth acuminate, more pro-
tuberant decidedly than the preorbital. The anterolateral margins are
oblique, decidedly divergent posteriorly; a short, acuminate spine
marks their union with the posterolateral margin which is broadly,^
evenly rounded; the posterior margin is sinuate. The entire dorsal
surface is covered with a dense pilosity composed of short, close, club-
like hairs. The intestinal and cardiac regions are circumscribed by a
deep groove ; the cervical groove runs outward and forward, bifurcat-
ing, one branch extending out to the lateral margin and the other

46 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

going forward to behind the orbital cavity where it unites with a
transverse groove which extends across the frontal region. There is
also a deep groove extending outward and forward across the bran-
chial region from near the urogastric groove. The gastric and hepatic
regions are moderately convex, the intestinal region bears a rosette-
like arrangement of five radiating rugae ; the branchial region is mod-
erately convex. The first, second, third and fourth abdominal seg-
ments of the male are dorsally visible, narrow, densely setiferous ; the
other three are entirely ventral, the last segment being triangulate
with the tip rounded. The sternal plastron is wide, flattish densely
setiferous. The pterygostomian region is setose, concave a little in
advance of the breathing aperture which is densely fringed by regu-
lar, stiff setae.

The external maxillipeds narrow distally; the exognath is rod-like,
extending to midway the lateral margin of the merus ; the ischium is
much wider and slightly longer than the merus and is produced to a
distinct rounded lobe at its inner distal angle ; the merus is almost as
long as the ischium but is much narrower and narrowed distally with
its inner lateral face channelled and sinuate for the reception of the
palp — ^the long, cylindrical second joint of which fits between the
laminate projection of the outer distal and inner lateral margins ; the
distal article of the palp is small, conical. The entire outer face of the
maxilliped is densely setiferous.

The antennulae have the second and third joints long, cylindrical,
folding obliquely.

The antennae are small.

The chelipeds are equal in the female but are decidedly unequal in
the male. The meral joint is arched, small, three-sided, with both
lower lateral margins fine dentate; the carpus is small, of irregular
shape, moderately convex, produced to a tooth at its inner distal
angle ; the propodus in the female is scarcely wider than the preceding
joints and is decidedly arched ; the palm is short, moderately convex,
three-fourths as high as long; the fitngers are deflected, about one-
third longer than the palm, tapering; the outer face of each finger
with two longitudinal ridges separated by grooves ; the cutting edges
regularly dentate, meeting; tips curved. In the males the chelipeds
are markedly unequal, the propodus on the right side having the palm
fully twice as much inflated as on the left, the height of the right

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 47

propodus being almost equal to its width ; the right fingers are slightly
shorter than the palm and are sharply deflected, each bears two longi-
tudinal converging ridges on its outer face, the cutting edges are regu-
larly crenulate and the right chela has a small basal gape. The left
cheliped has the palm only two-thirds as wide as long, moderately
convex and the fingers greatly elongated and curved being one and
one-half times as long as the palm, the cutting edges dentate, no gape.

The first and second ambulatories are greatly elongated, subequal,
each with the meral joint slightly exceeding the maximum width of
the carapace, of moderate width, densely setose and with a line of
spines paralleling the anterior lateral margin; the carpus and pro-
podus together are equal in length to the merus, but are distinctly
narrower; the carpus comprises one-third of this length and the pro-
podus, two-thirds ; the dactyl is about as long as the propodus and is
very curved and slightly twisted; both faces are marked with longi-
tudinal carinae separated by deep grooves.

The third and fourth pairs of legs are subdorsal in position and
are much smaller than the preceding pairs. The third legs if straight-
ened would scarcely reach to the tip of the merus of the second legs.
The meral joint of the third legs is the longest joint, the carpus is
three-fourths as long as the merus; the propodus is very short and
bears at its posterior basal angle a node-like tooth upon which the
tip of the short, curved, acuminate dactyl closes. The fourth legs are
more dorsal in position than the third which they resemble in all de-
tails of structure, except that they are much frailer and only two-
thirds as long.

Synonymy: Cancer lanatus Linne, Syt. Nat., 12 ed., t. II, p. 1044,
1766.

Dorippe lanata Bosc, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1. 1, p. 208, 1802. — Heller,
Crust. Sudl. Europa, p. 138, pi. 4, fig. 9, 1863 (and synonymy).
— ^A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, Exped. Sci. du TravaiUeur et
du Talisman, Crust. Decapodes, 1900, p. 33. — 0. Pesta, Die De-
eapodenfauna der Adria, 1918, p. 286 (and major synonymy). —
Stebbing, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 6, p. 339, 1908-10.—
Ihle, J. E. W., Mon. Siboga Exped., 39b-l, p. 156, 1916.

Cancer facchino Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, t. I, pi. 2, fig. 68,
1783.

48 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Family: Raninidae.

Genus : RANINOIDES H. Milne Edwards.
Eaninoides laevis lamarcki A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier

Plate 9, figs. A, B. and C.

Type: The type of this species was taken by the ''Blake" West In-
dian expedition.

Name : Burrowing crab ; frog crab.

Diagnostic characteks : Only species so far recorded from tropical
America, Carapace concave, twice as long as wide, lateral margins
converging anteriorly, and much more so posteriorly ; one acute lateral
tooth somewhat behind the postorbital spine ; rostral tooth triangulate,
two submedian shorter teeth ; an acute tooth separated from the rostral
area and also from the preorbital by a sinus. First legs chelate, pro-
podus armed with four spines ; upper finger with one sub-basal spine.

Distribution : Known from the West Indian region and also from
the Perlas Islands, which latter record is first established by the
"Ara" material.

Habits : Little is known of this peculiar burrowing crab, of which
the "Ara" specimens appear to be the third record. It belongs to a
family whose members spend the greater part of their time burrowed
in the sand with only the eyes and antennae exposed. The feet are fal-
cate and form remarkably efficient diggers; even the shape of the
body conforms to this habit. When resting, the crab, viewed from the
front has an odd, frog-like aspect, hence its common name.

Material examined: One egg-laden female dredged in 70 fms.,
southwest of Marquesas Keys, Florida, March 2, 1924; one male and
one female taken in the Perlas Islands, February 19, 1928, by the
"Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description: Carapace 24 mm. maximum length, 12.5
mm. maximum width, decidedly elongate-ovate, very convex, the
frontal margin almost twice as wide as the extreme posterior margin
of the carapace, which, however attains its maximum width two-fifths
of the length from the frontal margin. The maximum width is twenty
percentum greater than the frontal width. The frontal margin is
divided into five lobes, of which the median lobe comprises approxi-
mately one-half the width of the frontal border and is produced into
an acuminate, triangulate median rostral tooth which projects beyond

PL,

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Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 49

the pair of submedian, acuminate, triangulate teeth whieli are sepa-
rated from the median tooth by a concave margin and which form the
outer angles of the median lobe. There is a smaller lobe on either side
of the median lobe and separated from it and also from the outer lat-
eral lobe by a deep sinus on each side. This intermediate lobe is two-
fifths as wide basally as the median lobe, tapering forward, forming
a rather broad, triangular tooth which has the outer lateral margin
more accentuated than the inner, the tip decidedly acuminate, and
extending as far forward as the apex of the external lobe. The ex-
ternal lobe is a trifle wider than the intermediate lobe and has its inner
angle forming a short, bluntish tooth whose apex forms the outer
angle defining the sinus which separates the two lobes. The external
angle of the outer lobe forms a slender, triangulate, spine-like tooth
which, as stated previously, extends as far forward as the apex of the
intermediate lobe ; the margin of the external lobe between the inner
and outer angle is concave. The sinus between the median and inter-
mediate lobes extends backwards as an open channel for a distance
equal to four-fifths of the length of the rostrum ; from the base of the
open channel a decided concave groove and the open channel are con-
tiguous and are set with long, spinose setae which project obliquely
above and across the opening, making it difficult to distinguish where
the sinus ends and the groove begins, which difficulty is increased by
the abundance of setae on the adjacent frontal region. The sinus
between the intermediate and external lobe is as deep as the one be-
tween the median and intermediate lobe and has a similar concave
groove behind it. Behind the postorbital tooth and separated from its
base by a distance equal to almost one-third of the width of the cara-
pace at this point, the lateral margin is produced into a prominent,
sharp, triangulate tooth which is directed obliquely outward and for-
ward. This spine is very prominent, being wider basally, longer and
more acuminate than the external orbital spine. The lateral margins
of the carapace are carinated and finely crenulate or bluntly serrate ;
they are also fringed with close, fine, plumose setae which arise from
the lower face of the carapace and are especially abundant on the
pterygostomian region.

The abdomen of the female narrows posteriorly and is vaulted and
bent under, the first segment being 4.5 mm. wide and 2 mm. long,
with the lateral margins relatively straight and the posterior margin
arcuate ; the second segment is slightly wider and shorter than the first
and has its lateral margins slightly convex; the third segment is a

50 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Mar'ine Museum, Vol. II

little shorter than the second and has its lateral margins less flaring ;
the fourth and fifth segments are successively shorter and decidedly
vaulted ; the sixth segment is very small ; the telson is a small, trian-
gular protuberance, narrowing posteriorly and with the apex rounded.
There are four pairs of abdominal appendages in the female which
arise from the second to fifth segments respectively. Each branch is
slender and narrow, arching inward toward the median ventral line,
and is heavily fringed with long, multiplumose setae. The female
apertures are on the ventral face of the coxal joints of the fourth pair
of legs. The male appendages consist of a pair of long articles which
seem to arise from the under side of the third abdominal segment
where a bifurcation of the trigonal under part of the abdomen occurs ;
the basal part of the first pair of appendages is flattish and bent,
forming a short, peduncular article; the distal article is enlarged
proximally, where it is irregularly shaped, convex, and has an internal
cavity in which the distal part of the second pair of appendages is
encased ; the first pair of appendages narrows distally into a somewhat
compressed, cylindrical rod which has the extreme tip flattened and
produced into a membranaceous semicircular process with the ends
or tips pointing posteriorly. The second pair of appendages appears
to arise from the fourth abdominal segment, close behind the first pair
of appendages which it resembles ; the peduncular being quite similar
but smaller, the distal article being dilated differently, forming a
rounded, compressed node, beyond which the distal three-fourths of the
article tapers abruptly to an acuminate tip which is sheathed in the
central cavity of the dilated portion of the first pair of appendages.
The lateral margins of all the abdominal segments are heavily set with
long plumose setae, as are also the under surfaces of the proximal
joints of the fourth pair of legs. This pilosity surrounds and con-
ceals the male appendages.

The inner antennae have the first visible peduncular article rather
wide and long, reaching as far forward as the distal margin of the
second joint of the outer antennae ; and armed at its inner distal angle
with a series of exceedingly long, plumose setae which extend as far
forward as the distal end of the third article ; the second article is only
about half as long as the preceding one and is small, cylindrical; the
third article is similar to but nearly twice as long as the second, the
fourth article is similar to the third but not quite so long, and the
supports the biramose flagellum, which has an outer branch composed

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 51

of eleven tapering articles, and a smaller, inner branch consisting of
seven tapering articles.

The external antennae have a short, wide, truncate peduncular
article which can be seen only in a basal view; the second article is
nearly twice as long as the first article, arises from the outer side of
the latter and extends as far forward as the distal margin of the first
visible segment of the antennulae, and is furnished with a series of
heavy, plumose setae along both lateral margins; the third article is
narrower and a little shorter than the second and curves outward dis-
tally like a horn; the inner lateral margin is furnished with very
long, plumose setae and the outer lateral margin is beaded and fur-
nished with fewer and shorter setae than the inner margin ; the fourth
article is approximately three-fifths as long as the third and is small,
cylindrical, supporting a well-developed flagellum composed of nine
or ten annulations, each of which is furnished on the distal margin
with several, long, stiff, radiating setae.

The external maxillipeds are long, narrow and close-fitting; the
exognath has its merus very slender, somewhat curved and almost
three times as long as the ischium, extending a trifle beyond the distal
margin of the ischium of the endognath. The ischium of the endognath
is about one and one-half times as long as its merus, and is nearly
twice as wide as the exognath, becoming gradually wider distally with
the outer lateral margin convex, and the distal margin concave with
the inner distal angle more advanced than the outer; the merus is
slightly broader than the ischium and has its outer lateral and distal
margin rounded ; a slender, three- jointed palp arises subdistally from
the inner lateral margin and consists of a small, subcylindrical, basal
article, a longer, wider, more flattish second article, which has its
inner lateral margin unequally convex and set with a series of sub-
equal spines; the distal article is a little shorter than the preceding
one and tapers to a point distally ; its inner lateral margin is also set
with spines like those on the preceding article, but the distal spine is
hook-like and twice as long as any of the others. The tip of the merus
of the endognath reaches forward almost as far as the distal margin
of the second article of the external antennae.

The first pair of legs are chelate and have the shape typical of
Raninidae and are subequal in both sexes and to each other. Each
has the coxa and basis short ; the ischium is thick, nearly half as long
as the merus, with the inner distal angle produced to a point, and with
a prominent, sharp, acuminate spine placed subdistally on the anterior

52 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

lateral margin; the remainder of this anterolateral margin is rather
coarsely serrate from the base of the above spine to the proximal end
of the ischium; the merus is the longest joint of the leg and is com-
pressed dorsoventrally with both surfaces slightly convex, broader
proximally, tapering distally and armed at its anterior distal margin
with a single long, acuminate spine which is directed forward; the
carpus is almost half as long as the propodus and has the upper and
outer surfaces rounded and is produced subdistally into two spines,
the outer of which is triangular and nearly twice as long as the inner
spine with which it is connected basally by a wide, concave margin;
the propodus is nearly as long as the merus but is more flattish; the
dorsal edge is carina-like, set with short setae and has a single, promi-
nent, acuminate, subdistal spine ; the ventral edge is armed with four
large triangulate spines; the propodal finger is produced inwards
almost at right angles to the palm and is narowly triangulate and
armed on the cutting edge with nine or ten broad, triangular teeth in
addition to the apical tooth ; one or two of these teeth has a minute,
sharp tooth at its base. The hinged finger is very slender, tapering
and curved, devoid of teeth on the cutting edge but armed on the
dorsal edge with a single, sharp, long spine which is subproximal in
position.

The second, third and fourth pairs of legs are similar in structure,
but the second pair are much smaller in both sexes, than the next pair.
Each leg has the proximal joints small, the merus subcylindrical and
arched, conforming to the side wall of the body ; the carpus is some-
what dilated distally ; the propodus is curiously shaped, being broader
than long and rounded on its upper margin; the dactyl is laminate,
unequally lanceolate-ovate, with the margins rounded and tapering to
an acuminate point. The carpus, propodus and dactyl are intimately
articulated, forming a digging process. The outer margins of the
merus, carpus, propodus and dactyl are fringed with long setae. The
dactyl of the third leg is larger and wider than that of the second leg.

The fourth pair of legs are subdorsal in position and are the small-
est of the series ; each has the ischium and merus elongated, subequal
in length, cylindrical ; the carpus, propodus and dactyl are similar to
those of the preceding leg but are very small and fragile.

Synonymy: Raninoides laevis lamarcki A. Milne Edwards and
BouviER, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 229, pi. 1, figs. 8 and
9, pi. 2, figs. 4 and 5, 1923.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 53

Family: LEUCOSIIDAE.

Subfamily : Leucosiinae.

Genus: persephona Leach.

Persephona edwardsii Bell.

Plate 10, fig. A.

Name: This species was named in honor of the distinguished
French scientist, Prof. Henry Milne Edwards, of the Paris Museum.

Diagnostic characters: This species is undoubtedly closely affili-
ated with Persephona orhicularis Bell, from which it is distinguished
by the different coloration, being uniformly pale buff ; by the fact that
this species is uniformly slenderer and has the frontal part of the cara-
pace narrowed anteriorly and somewhat produced, and the pterygos-
tomian angle and tooth of orhicularis is obsolete in edwardsii. The
three posterior spines in edwardsii are similarly placed, except that the
median spine is only half as high above the submedian spines as in
orhicularis. The male abdominal belt has the first, second and third
segments narrow, hinge-like, the third segment is closely fused with
the succeeding segment but has a weak divisional line; the fourth,
fifth and six segments are completely anchylosed ; the seventh segment
is small, subtriangulate, with the lateral margins convergent, the tip
evenly rounded.

Type: Founded on two specimens collected in the Galapagos
Islands, depth 6 fms., and believed to be no longer extant.

Distribution : Galapagos Islands, Panama, and Perlas Islands, Bay
of Panama.

Material examined : Two males, taken at Saboga, Anchorage, Per-
las Islands, February 19, 1928, establish the first record of the species
from Perlas Islands.

Technical description : Carapace moderately globose, slightly
longer than wide, 22 mm. long to base of posterior spine, 20 mm. maxi-
mum width, convex, with the frontal part narrowed anteriorly and
somewhat produced, the pterygostomian angle obsolete, no tooth. The
frontal region is narrow, depressed medially but not produced to a
point, the frontal line heavy, wavy; the preorbital angle blunt,
rounded ; the postorbital angle rounded, a trifle more prominent than
the preorbital angle ; the upper ocular border with three closed sinuses.

54 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

two rounded teeth; the entire fronto-orbital region densely hirsute
as is also the under frontal region; on the upper surface behind the
hirsute region, the narrow part of the carapace is naked, smooth, for
quite a distance behind which the narrow, convex surface is orna-
mented with small pearly granules, which are invisible to the unaided
eye except along the lateral margin where they are larger. There is
a strong, outward and upcurved spine on the posterior region of the
carapace in the median line, and slightly below it and outside it on
either side is a similar spine which is about three-fourths as long as
the median spine ; these three spines form an obtuse angle ; the median
spine is only half as high above the submedian spines as in P.
orbicularis.

The male abdominal belt has the first, second and third segments
narrow, hinge-like, the third segment is closely fused with the suc-
ceeding segment but retains a weak line indicating the fusion; the
fourth, fifth and six segments are completely anchylosed ; the seventh
segment is small, subtriangulate, with the lateral margins convergent,
the tips evenly rounded.

The chelipeds and ambulatories are similar to those of P. orbicularis,
but they are distinctly slenderer and the fingers of the chelae do not
gape.

Both pairs of antennae are similar to those of the preceding species.

The eye is conical, light brown and a trifle less hooded than in
orbicularis.

The external maxillipeds are smooth externally, the tip of the
exognath broadly rounded; the tip of the merus of the endognath
narrowed, more so than in orbicularis; the external faces of both the
sets of meral joints of the maxilliped are densely tomentose.

The tips of the septa of the branchial channels are not visible in a
dorsal view.

Synonymy. — PersepJiona edwardsii Bell, Horae Carcinologicae, vol.
21, p. 294, pi. 31, fig. 8, 1855 ; Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 38, p. 595, 1910; Boone, Zoologica, N. Y. Zool. Soc, vol. 8,
No. 4, p. 284, text fig. 101, 1927.

Persephona punctata Linn 6.

Plate 10, fig. B.

Diagnostic characters: Only member of the genus thus far de-
scribed from the West Indian region. Body globose, covered with

BuLLinix, Vaxderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II Plate 10,

A. — Persephona ((hcardsii Bell, natural size. B. — PersepJioita pinictafa Linne,

natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 55

numerous microscopic granules. Front produced to a small median
point ; pterygostomian region angulated, with one tooth ; median pos-
terior region armed with one tooth, outside of which and a little below
it on each side is another similar tooth. Chelipeds elongate, mod-
erately slender.

Type : Linnaeus ' type came from the Antilles.

DiSTKiBUTiON : Rather sparsely known from North Carolina south-
ward through the AVest Indies; Porto Rico, and Gulf of Mexico, to
Sabanilla, Colombia. Marcgrave recorded it from Brazil nearly one
hundred and fifty years ago.

Mateeial examined : One large female from Colon, Panama, 1926,
dredged in shallow water ; one male from the same locality. One small
male, taken in dragnet, 2 fms., Limon Bay, Panama, January 21, 1928.

Color: Plum purplish, with irregular marmorations of darker
color; granules white or tinged with plum red.

Technical description : Carapace globose, convex, sparsely covered
with microscopic granules which form a visible beading along the mar-
gin ; frontal region, narrow, depressed medially and produced to a weak
tooth, inner and outer orbital angles blunted; the upper orbital sur-
faces with three sutures ; the dentate angle of the branchial groove is
visible dorsally. The pterygostomian region is produced, decidedly
angulated and armed with an out-pointing tooth. There are three spines
on the posterior region, one placed medially, directed outward and
upward and on either side and a little below this is a similar spine.
The female abdomen is wide, the first, second and third segments
narrow, hinge-like, arched medially, their lateral margins quite arcu-
ate; the fourth, fifth and sixth segments are completely fused form-
ing a broad, subcircular shield that covers practically the entire sternal
region between the legs, the seventh segment is small, triangulate,
with the distal end rounded. The male abdomen is triangulate, de-
cidedly wider in punctata, i.e., nearly a third broader than that of
orbicularis; the first, second and third joints are narrow, hinge-like;
the fourth, fifth and sixth segments are completely anchylosed; the
seventh is small, triangulate, with the tip rounded.

The chelipeds and ambulatories are quite similar to those of orbicu-
laris, described on page 58, except that they are less granulose, the
upper male finger in punctata is not quite so curved and long, and the
fingers have no gape.

56 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The external maxillipeds have the tip of the exognath more broadly
rounded than that of orbicularis which is triangular. There is in
punctata a distinct longitudinal groove on the ischium near and sub-
parallel to the inner margin ; outside this on both ischium and merus
is a row of stiff, brush-like setae and outside this is a row of heavy
granules. The remaining outer surface of the maxilliped is granulose ;
so also is the adjacent under part of the body.

Synonymy. — Guaia alia Marcgrave, George, de Liebstad, Historia
Rerum Naturalium Brasilae, p. 182 and text figure, 1648.

Cancer punctatus Brown, Civil and Natural History of Jamaica, vol.
2, p. 422, pi. 42, fig. 3, 1856.

Cancer punctatus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 630 (part), 1758.

Persephona latreillei Leach, Zool. Misc. Ill, p. 22, 1814.

Persephona lamarcki Leach, op. cit., p. 22.

Guaia punctata Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 185, 1850.

Persephona guaia Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 20, p. 292,
1855.

Persephona punctata Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., vol. 30, p.
123, 1871.

Persephona punctata Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, p.
70, I860.— Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 403, 1879.

Persephona punctata Rathbun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 38,
1897; Report U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 87, 1901.—
Hay and Shore, BuU. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 35, p. 424, pi. 32,
fig. 9, 1918.

Persephona orl)icularis Bell.

Plate 11, figs. A and B.

Name : West Coast Purse Crab.

Diagnostic characters: Carapace globular, covered with pearly
granules; a well-developed tooth pointing out and forward on the
pterygostomian region. A strong outward and slightly upward directed
tooth on the posterior region in the median line ; below this and out-
side it on each side is a similar tooth, the three forming a right-angled
triangle. The frontal region in orbicularis furnishes one of its most

Bulletin. Vaxdekiult Makixe Museum, Vol. II

I'LATK 11.

Perse plinna orbiciilari.-; Bell, A. — female, B. — male, natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 57

distinguishing charactfers from P. punctata; in orbicularis the front
is about the same width as in punctata, but the median depression is
shallower and the frontal margin is much less produced in the median
line. The pre- and postorbital angles are also much more heavily,
bluntly rounded than are those of punctata. This species is the "West
Coast analog of Persephona punctata Linne, In living specimens the
coloration of orbicularis is very different, being a blood red reticulated
with dull ocher on the central part of the carapace. P. orbicularis is
also densely covered with coarse pearly granules, whereas P. punctata
is covered with coarse punctae, and in rare cases, in old specimens has
pearly granules, but these are neither so large nor so abundant as in
orbicularis.

Type: Mr. Bell's type was taken at Valaparaiso, Chile, by a Mr. Mil-
ler, a surgeon in the British Royal Navy, and deposited in the Bell
collection which is believed to be no longer extant.

Distribution : Valparaiso, Chile, and Perlas Islands. Shallow
water.

Material examined: One large male and one female taken at
Saboga Anchorage, Perlas Islands, March, 1928, by the "Ara," Wil-
liam K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description: Carapace globose, very convex, densely
beaded with coarse, pearly granules; pterygostomian region promi-
nent, with a well-developed tooth pointing outward and forward.
There is evidently some variability in this spine. As shown in plate
11, it is most developed in the male, less so in the female. There is
prominent, outward and slightly upward directed tooth on the posterior
region in the median line but above the postlateral margin ; on either
side of this tooth outside and below it is a similar tooth, the three
forming a right angle. In the two West Coast specimens before me
the teeth are distinctly closer to each other than are those of P. punc-
tata, and the median spine is higher up on the carapace ; in fact, it is
the teeth are distinctly closer to each other than are those of P. punc-
tata. The side walls in orbicularis are very densely granulated, as is
also the sternal region and the abdominal belt of the female. The
female abdominal belt has the first, second and third segments narrow,
hinge-like, strongly vaulted in the median region, the fourth, fifth and
sixth segments are completely fused, forming a large, subcircular, con-
vex pouch which covers the entire sternal region between the chelipeds
and backward as far as the anterior margin of the fifth legs ; the sev-

58 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

enth segment is a small elongate triangle with the distal margin
rounded.

The male abdominal belt is a narrow, elongate triangle, the first and
second segments hinge-like; the third, fourth and fifth segments are
completely anchylosed; the sixth segment is one-half as long as the
preceding segment, the seventh segment is three-fifths as long as the
sixth and rounded at the tip.

The frontal region in orbicularis has a distinctly shallower median
depression and its frontal margin is much less produced in the median
line than that of punctata. The pre- and postorbital angles are also
more heavily, bluntly rounded than those of punctata. Three closed,
linear sinuses occur on the upper orbital margin, between the angles.

The eye is small, the cornea terminal, shining black, not projecting
beyond the orbital margin which is heavily fringed with close-set

S61;R6a

The antennulae are well developed and fold horizontally beneath
the orbital border in the fossett ; the first and second articles are large,
subequal, cylindrical; the flagella are much reduced and furnished
with a brush of setae.

The antennae are much reduced and are situated in the infra-orbital
sinus.

The close-fitting external maxillipeds, depicted in plate 11, have
the distal margin of the exognath more bluntly triangulate at the tip,
while in punctata it is rounded ; there is a decided longitudinal groove
near and approximately paralleling the inner margin of the meral
and ischial joints of the endognath and outside it a very definite sub-
median, longitudinal line or brush of setae; outside this brush and
subparallel to it is a row of large granules.

The chelipeds are much longer in the male than in the female, slen-
der, the merus being subcylindrical, two-fifths longer in the male than
in the female, densely granulose ; the carpal joint is one-fifth as long
as the male merus, narrowed basally, dilated distally; the male pro-
podus, including the fingers, is a trifle longer than the merus, arcuate,
the palm moderately rounded, of equal length with the lower finger,
both dorso-ventrally compressed, the hand moderately rounded, the
finger tapering, flattish, with a brief but distinct gape at the base, the
cutting edge is divided into a series of small, flat, blunt denticles ; the
upper finger being curved is slightly longer than the lower and its
tip curves down and projects beyond that of the lower finger. The

Bulletin. Vaxdekbilt ]Marink .Mrsr.r.M, Vol. TT

Plate 12.

BandaUia ornata (Randall;, young, naturjil size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle'* and "Ara," 1921-28 59

female chelipeds differ from the male only in length and the fact that
the female fingers have no gape.

The ambulatories are subsimilar, slender, successively decreasing in
length posteriorly; each has the meral joint cylindrical, elongated,
the carpal and propodal joints together are not quite as long as the
merus and laterally compressed ; the propodus, which is as long as the
carpus, is produced to a carina on the upper or posterior margin ; the
dactyl is as long as the propodus but is sabre-like, tapering to an
acuminate point; the broad side of the dactyl is set in line with the
narrow carinate edge of the propodus ; the thin, laminate margins of
the dactyl are set with close-set setae.

Synonymy. — Persephona orhicularis Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
vol. 21, p. 294, pi. 31, fig. 7, 1855.

Genus RANUALLIA Stimpson.
Eandallia omata (Eandall).

Plate 12.

DL&.GNOSTIC CHARACTERS : Carapace orbiculate ; in the young densely
set with coarse, rounded granules, in older specimens less granular,
sometimes nearly smooth; pterygostomian region swollen, in young
specimens ornamented with large granules, sometimes simulating a
tooth, this becomes less obvious with age ; the posterior region is ele-
vated, ornamented with a pair of submedian spines each of which is
in line with the part of the sulcus circumscribing the domed intes-
tinal region ; outside of these is a lateral pair of tubercles which are
as far, or slightly more or less so, from the median tubercles than
these latter are from each other. Legs typically Leucosid.

Type : Randall's type, a female, 30.5 mm. long, was taken in ''upper
California ' ' and is deposited in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences.

Distribution: Mendocino County, California; Magdalena Bay,
Lower California, and Punta Arenas, Costa Rica.

Material examined: One young female taken at Punta Arenas,
Costa Rica, by the ''Ara," "William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Color: Mr. Randall states that the body is variegated with san-
guineous spots which are confluent anteriorly ; the chelipeds are varie-
gated with red.

Technical description: Carapace globular, very convex, longer
than wide; frontal region with a median depression, but little pro-

60 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

duced ; frontal line slightly wavy ; superior orbital margin with three
sutures, angles rounded, obscure; pterygostomian region swollen, in
young ornamented with a large granule which sometimes simulates a
tooth, this becomes less obvious with age. The cervical, urogastric,
and particularly the intestinal grooves are very sharply defined in
young specimens. In the young there are a number of large, rounded
granules covering the surface of the carapace ; these are much smaller
on the frontal region. In older these tubercles disappear or become
much smaller and scattering. The posterior, or intestinal region, is
elevated, dome-like, ornamented on the posterior margin with a pair
of submedian spines, each of which is below and in line with the lateral
part of the sulcus which circumscribes the intestinal region ; outside
of these is a lateral pair of tubercles which are as far, or slightly more
or less so from the median tubercles, than these latter are from each
other.

The chelipeds are typically Leucosid; the merus in the female is
two-thirds as long as the carapace is wide; in the male it is slightly
longer ; cylindrical, granulose in the young, less so in the older speci-
mens; the propodus is somewhat swollen, the fingers slender, curved.

The ambulatories are typically Leucosid.

Synonymy. — Ilia ornata Randall, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol.

7, p. 129, 1839.
Randallia ornata Stimpson, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p.

471, pi. 19, fig. 3, 1854. — Holmes, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci.,

vol. 7, p. 100, 1900. — Rathbun, Harriman Alaska Exped. Crust.,

vol. 10, p. 170, 1904.— Weymouth, Stanford Univ. Publ. Univ.

Ser., No. 4, p. 18, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1900. — Baker, Rept. Laguna Mar.

Lab., vol. 1, p. 102, 1912.— Schmitt, Calif. Univ. Publ. Zool.,

vol. 23, 1921, p. 188, fig. 116.

Family : MATUTIDAE McLeay.

Genus : HBPATULUS Fowler.

Hepatulus princeps (Herbst).

Plate 13.
Name : Brown box crab.

Type: Herbst 's type specimens were recorded as from the East
Indies.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace broad, convex, evenly rounded

CO
r-l

W
Q

a
J
P

SS4

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 61

anteriorly, 12 squarish, finely dentate teeth on the anterolateral mar-
gin. Body mud brown with arcuate lines of broken reddish spots.

Distribution: This species has an extensive range, having been
reported from the East Indies (type locality), from the "West Coast
of Africa, from Guinea and from the Cape of Good Hope (Herklots) ;
from Georgia throughout the West Indies to the shores of Brazil as
far south as the mouth of the Amazon.

Material examined: One male dredged in Limon Bay, Panama,
February 26, 1926. Two males dredged by the "Ara" in 5 fathoms,
south of Catalina Creek, Cuba, February 14, 1924.

Habits : This crab spends most of its time burrowed completely in
the coral sand, with only its eyes and breathing aperture exposed. Its
big claws fit closely together across the front. When these are folded
and the small legs withdrawn under the carapace, the animal is shut
up, as if in a box. When in danger, it assumes this attitude.

Color : The carapace is mud brown, covered by small reddish brown
spots which are arranged in arcuate lines. This color pattern is con-
tinued on the dorsal area of the carpus and hand. The ambulatory
legs are alternately banded with broad markings of reddish brown
and light yellow. The underside of the animal is creamy yellow.

Technical description: Carapace broad, convex, evenly rounded
anteriorly, decidedly narrowing posteriorly; branchial regions small;
hepatic regions greatly developed. The anterior margin of the front
is thick. The anterolateral margin is divided into 12 squarish teeth
each of which is finely dentate. The orbits are small, subcircular, in
line with the front; the line which extends from the outer orbital
angle obliquely to the carapace is clearly marked by rounded granules.
Antennulae oblique. Antennae situated at inner angles of orbit.
Mouthparts typical. Chelipeds strong, when flexed, they fit closely
against the surface of the body ; the upper margin of the hand is flat-
tened into a slight crest consisting of four major dentations ; the outer
surface of the hand is marked by four longitudinal rows of close-set
tubercles in high relief and a few scattered tubercles. Ambulatory
legs subequal, smooth except for small pore-like depressions; dactyli
covered with a velvety coating of minute, golden brown setae which is
transversed longitudinally on the outer and inner sides by a narrow,
naked line.

Synonymy. — Cancer princeps Herbst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse,
vol. 2, p. 154, pi. 38, fig. 2, 1794.

62 Bulletin, Vandertilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Calappa angustata Fabricius, Entom. Syst. Suppl., p. 347, 1798.
Hepatus fasciatus Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. V, p. 388, 1803.
Hepatus princeps Rathbun, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p.
86, 1901 ; Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 38, 1897.

Hepatulus princeps Fowler, Ann. Report N. J. State Museum, vol.
for 1911, part I, p. 590, issued 1912.

Family: CALAPPIDAE.
Genus : CALAPPA Fabricius.
Calappa flammea (Herbst).

Plate 14.

Name : Flame streaked box crab.

Diagnostic characters: Body and upper surfaces of cbelipeds
marked with radiating bands of purplish flame color on a creamy back-
ground, the lines converging toward the frontal region. Posterior
angles of carapace produced into a wing-like expansion armed with
seven teeth ; anterior region convex paved with flat granules. Hepatic
and branchial regions not well separated.

Type: Herbst 's type is recorded as having come from the "East
Indies" and, if still existing, is probably deposited in the Berlin
Museum.

Distribution : Known from North Carolina southward through the
Bermudas and the "West Indian region to the eastern shores of Colom-
bia and Venezuela. Littoral.

Material examined: One male dredged in 7 fms., sandy bottom.
Bury Islands, Bahamas, B. W. I., January 19, 1925 ; one male dredged
in 3 fms., Bimini, B. W. I., by the ''Ara," William K. Vanderbilt,
commanding.

Technical description: Carapace strongly convex, the fronto-
lateral margin broadly rounded, crenulate and granulate, the postero-
lateral angles produced into a winglike expansion each armed with
seven teeth, of which the postlateral is strongest, the three anterior to
it being well developed, triangulate, the second and third with the
anterior border slightly longer than the posterior ; on the postlateral
margin this condition is reversed, the three teeth are weak and succes-
sively decrease in size posteriorly; in fact, the second and third teeth

E-

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 63

are very slightly incised/ The length of the carapace in the median
line is 83 mm., the maximum width, from tip to tip of the last antero-
lateral spine is 129 mm., the width of the body in the median line is
108 mm. The anterior three-fourths of the upper surface of the cara-
pace, the wing-like projection of the meral joint of the chelipeds, the
upper part of the outer face of the carpus, and the upper outer face
of the wing-like expansion of the palm are paved with coarse, round,
flattish granules, which occasionally form well separated, longitudinal
rows of flattish granules or tubercles on the posterior part of the
carapace, granules are also present but are much more widely scat-
tered ; a series of them form a midrib running diagonally in upon the
carapace from the apex of the postlateral tooth and of each two adja-
cent teeth on either side. The margins of the seven teeth of the wing-
like expansion and the posterior margin is coarsely beaded. The
frontal margin is narrow, two blunt, subtriangular teeth separated
by a wide, shallow U. The superior orbital margin is marked by two
closed sinuses. The regions of the carapace are very indistinctly
defined except that the uro-cardiac are separated from the branchial
by a well-defined, longitudinal depression on each side. The ptery-
gostomian region is densely hirsute. The male abdominal belt is tri-
angulate, the third to fifth segments inclusive fused into one ; the dis-
tal segment forming a exceedingly tapered triangle.

The male chelipeds are equal except that one has a large, sub-basal
node on each the upper and lower fingers. The merus is produced
at the distal end into a flaring, cuff -like expansion which is cut into
four large, acute, triangulate teeth, each with beaded edge and acute
tip. The proximal two are heavily fringed with long, closed setae;
the four teeth successively increase in size from proximal to distal
and in line with the latter on the lower margin of the propodus there
is a beaded, triangulate, sub-basal tooth; the carpus has the upper
surface convex, granular, the upper margin straight, a single tooth
at the upper distal angle; the propodi are high, crested above, the
fingers distinctly deflected and they and the lower part of the palm
are paved with very large granules which also bead the lower margin.
There are a number of coarse flattish tubercles on the median and
upper parts of the outer face of the palm ; the upper crest or margin
is cut into eight or nine distinct teeth, which increase in height from
the proximal to the seventh tooth ; the right cheliped has a large sub-
basal node or tooth much on its outer side, and the related upper fin-
ger has a long, large tooth or lobe which interfits upon that of the

64 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

lower finger ; there is also a rounded, laminate, sub-basal crest on the
upper margin of this finger, beyond which the margin is coarsely
beaded. There is a distinct crescentic gape between these fingers, the
upper of which has its cutting edge smooth ; the lower finger has three
or four teeth, the tips interlock. The fingers of the left cheliped do
not gape and lack the huge node projections ; the upper finger is slen-
derer and has eight teeth, the lower finger has seven, in addition to
the tip.

The ambulatories are slender, laterally compressed, the meral joint
dilated, much wider than the succeeding joints ; the dactyli are taper-
ing, acuminate, with several longitudinal grooves on the lateral faces.
When folded, the legs fit beneath the box-like cavity formed by the
wing-like expansion of the carapace and cheliped.

Synonymy. — Cancer flammea Heebst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol.
2, p. 161, pi. 40, fig. 2, 1793.

Calappa flammea Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 185, 1802. — White,
List Crust. British Museum, p. 44, 1847. — Miers, "Challenger"
Keport Zool., vol. 17, p. 284, pi. 23, fig. 1, 1886.— Rathbun, Ann.
Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, No. 1, p. 36, 1897 ; State Univ. Iowa Bull.
Labr. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, p. 289, 1896 ; Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 516,
1900 ; BuU. IT. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, part 2, p. 84, 1901 ; Occas.
Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, p. 13, 1905. — Rankin, Ann.
N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, p. 521, 1900. — Fowler, Crustacea, Re-
port N. J. State Museum, p. 391, 1911 (issued 1912).—
Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 13, p. 420, pi. 25, fig. 1,
1913. — Rathbun, Rapport betreffende een vooloopig onderzock
naar den toestand van de visscherij en de Industrie van zeepro-
ducten in de kolonie Curacao, vol. 1, p. 331, 1901.

Calappa marmorata Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 5, p. 391, 1803.
— Desmarest, Consid. Sur les Crust, p. 109, 1825. — H. Milne
Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 114, 1837. — Gibbes, Proc.
Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 183, 1850. — Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila. for 1878, p. 324.— S. I. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Nat.
Sci., vol. 4, p. 263, 1880 ; Ann. Rept. U. S. Com. Fish and Fish-
eries for 1885, p. 31, 1886.

Calappa granulata de Haan, in von Siebold, Crust. Fauna Japonica,
dec. Ill, p. 70, 1837.

o
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s

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 65

Subtribe : BRACHYGNATHA.

Superf amily : Oxyrhyncha.

Family : Majidae.

Subfamily: Inachinae.

Genus: STENOEYNCHUS Lamarck.
Stenorynchus seticomis (Herbst).

Plates 15 and 16.
Names : Arrow crab ; Arana del mar.

Diagnostic characters : Rostrum much longer than carapace in
adults. Carapace not pubescent ; palm much longer than fingers ; basal
antennal article without spine at extremity.

Type: Herbst described Cancer seticomis in 1788 after Slabber,
who stated that it came from the East Indies. I have not been able to
ascertain the repository of Herbst 's type specimen ; most of his types
are in the Berlin Museum. The type-locality of Fabricius' Cancer
Sagittarius is Guadeloupe ; specimens believed to be these types are in
the Copenhagen Museum, labelled "Cancer Sagittarius," and in the
Kiel Museum, labelled "Inachus Sagittarius."

Distribution: This species, which is usually taken in moderate
depths, has been taken from the shore-line to 814 fathoms. It is known
from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay southward to Key West,
Florida, along the west coast of Florida; south of Mobile Bay, Ala-
bama; Cuba; Porto Rico; Bahamas; Jamaica; Bermuda; Yucatan
Channel ; the Virgin Islands ; Curagao ; Colombia ; Brazil as far south
as Rio de Janeiro. Other records indicate its presence in the Atlantic
off "West Africa, and in the Mediterranean Sea but these are probably
a confusion with Stenorychus longirostris Fabricius.

Material examined: Five males and one ovigerous female, taken
at Porto Padre, Cuba, March 4, 1926, with dragnet in 10 feet of water ;
four very large males and one female dredged in 70 fms., southwest
of Marquesas Keys, Florida, March 2, 1924.

Color : The body is creamy buff with four pairs of chestnut brown
margined with white bands diverging from the anterior part of the
median line to the posterior margin, simulating a series of superim-

66 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

posed triangles ; the ehelipeds and legs are reddish orange, the spines
of the rostrum and legs very red, the fingers of the chelae blue to
purple.

Technical description: Carapace triangular, longer than broad,
smooth, not at all, or in old specimens, very slightly pubescent. Ros-
trum very slender, flattened, horizontal, tapering gently to an acumi-
nate point, varying in length from one and one-quarter to two and
three-quarters times the length of the carapace; the lateral spinules
of the rostrum point obliquely forward. There is no spine at the dis-
tal end of the basal antennal article, which fact separates the present
species from 8. dehilis S. I. Smith, the West Coast form, but there is
present in seticornis at the middle of the basal antennal article a
strong spine pointing downward and forward. The abdomen in the
male is tapering, somewhat T-shaped, six-segmented, while in the
female it is broadly ovate, covering the sternal plastron between the
legs, convex and seven-segmented. The male ehelipeds have the palm
from two to nearly four times as long as the fingers; the distal half
of the palm and basal half of the fingers is furry. The ehelipeds and
legs are very long, slender, finely spinulose and also armed ; there are
two rows of spines of the merus and several similar spines on the
carpus.

Synonymy. — Oost-Indische Zee Krabhe Slabber, Naturkundige Ver-
lustigingen, Haarlem, p. 162, pi. 18, fig. 2, 1778.

Arana Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de historia natural, p.
162, pi. 56, fig. 3, 1787.

Cancer seticornis Herbst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, p. 229,
pi. 16, fig. 91 (after Slabber) ; vol. 3, part 3, p. 27, pi. 55, fig. 2,
1803.— Olivier, Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. Entom., vol. 6, p. 178,
1791.

Cancer Sagittarius Fabricius, Entom. Syst. emend, et auct., vol. 2, p.
442 (part), 1793.

Inachus Sagittarius Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 359, 1798.

Cancer Sagittarius Turton, Linn. Syst. Nat., vol. 3, p. 738, 1800.

Maja Sagittarius Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 253, 1802.

Maja seticornis Bosc, ibid., p. 255, pi. 7, fig. 2 (after Slabber), 1802.

Macropus seticornis Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, p. Ill, pi. 49,
fig. 3 (after Slabber), 1803.

Macropus Sagittarius Latreille, ibid, p. 112.

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I— I

H
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5;^

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 67

Maja sagittaria Lateeille, Gen. Crust., vol. 1, p. 38, 1806.

Maia sagittaria Leach, Edinburgh Encyc, vol. 7, p. 395, 1814.

Leptopodia sagittaria Leach, Zool. Misc., vol. 2, p. 16, pi. 67, 1815. —
Milne Edwards, Cuvier's Regne Anim., Disciples Ed., Crust., pi.
36, 1836-49. — Brulle, in Webb and Bertholet's Hist. Nat.
lies Canaries, vol. 2, Entom., p. 15, 1840. — ^A. Milne Edwards,
Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 172, 1878 ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p.
6, 1880.— Kingslet, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 383, 1879
(1880). — Aueivillius, K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 23, p.
32, pi. 4, fig. 6, 1889.— OsoRio, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. e Nat.,
Ser. 2, vol. 5, pp. 185, 187 and 192, 1898.— Gundlach and Tor-
RALBAS, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, p. 298, 1899 (1900) reprint
1917, p. 9. — A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, Exped. Sci. Tra-
vailleur et Talisman, Crust. Dec, p. 153, pt. 1, 1900.

Macropodia sagittaria Lateeille, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 18, p.
355, 1817. — Gundlach and Torralbas, An. Acad. Habana, vol.
36, p. 297, text fig., 1899 (1900) ; reprint, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 1,
1917.

Maja seticornis Latreille, Tableau Encyc. Meth,, part 24, pi. 281,
fig. 5 (after Slabber), 1818.

Stenorynchus seticornis Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol.
5, p. 237, 1818 ; ed. 2, vol. 5, p. 424, 1838.

Leptopodia ornata Guilding, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14,
p. 335, 1825 (?).

Letopodia canariensis Brulle, in Webb and Bertholet's Hist. Nat.
Hes Canaries, vol. 2, Entom. plate * ' Crustacees, " figs. 1-lb, 1840.

Leptopodia lanceolata Brulle, ibid.

Leptopodia Sagittarius Herklots, Symbolae Carcinologicae, Leyden,
p. 23, 1861.

Leptopodia vittata Gu^rin, in Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
p. 384, 1879 (1880).

Leptopodia lineata Goldi, Arch, f, Naturg., vol. 52, pt. 1, p. 37, pi. 3,
figs. 24-31, 1886.

Stenorynchus Sagittarius Rathbun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, p. 4,
1897; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, p. 293, 1900; Bull. U. S. Fish.
Comm., vol. 20, pt. for 1900, p. 53, 1901.— Hay and Shore, Bull.
U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 35, p. 435, 1918. — Verrill, Trans. Acad.
Sci., vol. 10, p. 577, 1900; vol. 13, p. 397, 1908.— Rathbun,

68 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, Natura Artis Magistra Aflev. 23,
p. 18, 1924.

Stenorynchus seticornis Rathbun, Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 13,
pis. 2 and 3, 1925.

Stenorhynchus longirostris (Fabricius).

Plate 17.

Type : Fabricius ' type came from the Mediterranean Sea.

Distribution: Known from the Gulf of Gaseogne, the Canaries
and Cape Verde Islands and from the Mediterranean Sea.

Material examined : One specimen taken in dredge in the Adriatic
Sea, by the "Ara."

Technical description: Female — Carapace narrowly triangular,
widest posteriorly; rostrum only two-thirds as long as the carapace,
composed of two slender horns so closely applied to each other that
they appear as one horn with a median groove, until placed under the
microscope. The rostrum is distinctly upcurved and is furnished with
many little hooked setae. The antennae lay one on either side of the ros-
trum ; the basal article is short, armed on its inferior distal extremity
with a spine; the second article is a trifle longer and slenderer than
the first and is similarly armed with a spine ; the third article is four
times as long as the second, or about one-half as long as the rostrum ;
the flagellum is a third longer than the last peduncular article and is
coarsely multiarticulate, extending one-third of its length beyond the
rostrum. The superior orbital margin forms a rim around the eye,
which latter is protruded on a long stalk and has an elliptical, oval
cornea. The gastric region is well separated from the cardiac by a
transverse depression which also crosses the branchial region. There
is a single very sharp, up-pointing spine on the summit of the gastric
region in the median line and posterior to it on the summit of the car-
dio-intestinal region is a similar long spine; there is a small, acute,
out-pointing spine on the hepatic region and posterior to this three
others along the lateral branchial margin. Anterior to and outside
of the large gastric spine there are a pair of sharp, upward directed
spines, one on each side; still farther outside and in line with the
largest spine are another pair of short, sharp spines on the gastric
region. Three short, sharp spines define a triangle on the postero-

Bulletin, Vaxdehhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II Plate 17,

StenoriincliH.s Iniuiirostris (Fabricius). Male, x 1.2.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-23 69

branchial region. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth abdominaa
„ts in the female each have a median spine, that on the fifth
segment being less developed than the others; on the sixth segment
ttoeTs a very slight median elevation ; the sixth and seventh segments

are entirely fused. , . . j. £ u ,,+

The external maxiUiped has the ischial and meral joints of about
equal length along the outer margin; the ischial ^omt .s narrow b-
ally widening distally, with the outer margin rounded, the inner
^II angle decidedly produced into a protuberant lobe; the merus
is narrowed distally and proximally with its inner lateral margin con-
vex and spinulose, not excavated at the inner distal angle for the palp
which is well developed, three-jointed and setiferous. ^ , . . ,^

The chelipeds have the ischial, meral, carpal, and propodal jomts
spinulose on both upper and lower margins ; the merus is elongate and
has one very long spine on its upper distal margin; the carpus has
one long, sub-basal spine and two at its upper distal margin ; the hand
is high, compressed, with a median longitudinal groove on its outer
face^he fingers are slightly longer than the palm and very curved
inward; the cutting edges meet and are finely denticulate.

The ambulatories are exceedingly slender and long.
SYNONYMY.-Cancer longirostris Fabricius, Syst., Entom., p. 408, No.

■ 42 (part), 1775.
Inaclius longirostris Fabricius, Suppl., p. 358, 1798, tome 8.
Uacroprus longirostris Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust., p. HO, 1802.
Uacrovodia longirostris Risso, Hist. nat. de I'Europe mend., t. V,

p. 27, 1826.
8tenorhynchus longirostris H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat^des Crust.,
t I p 280 1834 —J. Bonnier, Catal. des Crust, de Concarneau,
p 8, 1887 (and synonymy) .-A. Milne Edwards et Bouvier, E.
L,. Result, des Camp, scient. de 1-Hirondelle" (suppl.) et de la
-Princess Alice," fasc. XIII, p. 48, 1899; Exped. du Travailleur
et du Talisman, Decapodes, p. 156, pi. 22, fig. 6, 1900.
Macropodia (Stenorhynchus) rostrata 0. Pesta, Die Decapodenfauna

der Adria, p. 318, fig. 99, 1918.
Stenorhynchus tenuirostris Bell, Brit. Stalk-eyed Crust., p. 6, and

figure, 1853.
Macropodia tenuirostris Leach, Edinb. Encycl., t. VII, p. 395 et 431,

1814.

70 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Genus : INACHUS Fabricius.
Inachnus dorsettensis (Pennant).

Plate 18.
Name : Derived from the type locality.

Type: Pennant's type specimens came from Weymouth and were
originally deposited in the Portland Cabinet.

Distribution: From the Norwegian seas, the British Isles and
southward on the west European coast, also in the Mediterranean Sea
and Adriatic Sea.

Material examined: One male infested with SaccuUna neglecta
(Fraisse), dredged in 325 fms., 38 miles S. E. i^ E. of Cape Sparti-
vento. Island of Sardinia, July 22, 1927. One specimen dredged in
100 fms., 91/2 miles E. by S., 1/2 S., of Cape Bon Tunis, North Africa,
July 19, 1927.

Technical description : Carapace triangulate, rostrum short, bifid,
with a deep median groove on the upper surface ; orbital margin rim-
like; postorbital angle an acute, triangulate tooth. Hepatic, gastric,
branchial and cardiac regions well separated by deep depressions.
Hepatic lobe produced to a sharp tooth on the lateral margin; there
are one or two small, sharp spines on the pterygostomian region ; the
gastric lobe is much elevated with a broad, transverse row of four
spines across the anterior part, one pair of these being submedian,
the outer pair being one each on the summit of the lateral gastric
lobe; posterior to this the summit of the gastric lobe is produced to
one very acute, up-pointing spine in the median line. There is a simi-
lar long spine on the summit of the cardiac region and approximately
in line with this on either side on the summit of the branchial region
is a similar long spine ; behind these branchial spines placed just above
the posterior margin is an eminence on the intestinal region.

The male chelipeds are very massive, twice or more than twice as
long as the carapace with the merus and carpus spinulose on the upper
and outer surfaces ; the palm is greatly swollen, relatively smooth, the
fingers nearly as long as the palm and decidedly incurved.

The ambulatories are exceedingly long and slender, with long dac-
tyli. The first ambulatories are much longer than the chelipeds.

The basal antennal segment has a granulose tooth at its outer distal
angle.

Bulletin, Vanderbilt ^Marine Museum, Vol. II Plate 18.

Inaclius dorsettensis (Pennant), natural size.

z
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L-i

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 71

The external maxillipeds have the ischium much longer and dis-
tinctly wider than the merus and the inner distal angle produced
into a rounded lobe which projects almost as far forward as the inner
distal angle of the merus; the merus has its inner lateral margin
rounded a little and is more oblique than excavate across the inner
margin for the reception of the palpi.

Synonymy. — Cancer dorsettensis Pennant, Brit. Zool., vol. IV, p. 10,
fig. 1, 1777.

Inachus dorsettensis Leach, Malac. Podophth. Brit., pi. 22, figs. 1-6,
1815. — J. BoNNiEE, Catal. des Crust, de Concarneau, p. 12, 1887
and synonymy). — ^A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, E. L., Result,
des Camp Scient. de 1'" Hirondelle " (Supplement) et de la
"Princess AHce," Ease. XIII, p. 45, 1899; Exped. Sci. Travail-
leur et du Talisman Crust. Decap., part 1, p. 143, 1900. — 0.
Pesta, Die Decapoden Fauna der Adria, 1918, p. 321 and very
full synonymy.

Cancer scorpio Fabricius, Entom. Syst., t. II, p. 462, 1793.

Inachus scorpio Fabricius, Entom. Suppl., p. 358, 1798.

Maia scorpio Bosc, Hist, nat des Crust., t. I, p. 352, 1802.

Macropus scorpio Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust., t. VI, p. 109, 1803.

Genus : PODOCHELA Stimpson.
Podocliela riisei Stimpson.

Plate 19.

Name : This species was named for a Mr. Riis, a Danish gentleman
associated with governmental work of the Danish West Indies, who
collected many new and rare forms of the West Indian fauna.

Diagnostic characters: Carapace roughly triangulate, rostrum
rounded, with a median dorsal carina ; one hepatic tubercle ; two gas-
tric, and one cardiac. Propodi of leg unequal, that of second leg two
and one-half times as long as related dactyl. Dactyli falcate.

Type : The type was collected in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, but it
is no longer extant.

Distribution : A rather abundant species from shallow water down
to 50 fms., from Beaufort, N. C, to the Florida Keys ; also taken in
Bermuda, the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, and

72 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Brazil at Rio de Janeiro. The ^'Ara" specimen from 50 fms. estab-
lishes the maximum depth from which this species is known, 30 fms.
having been hitherto the greatest depth from which it has been re-
corded.

Material examined : One male dredged in 15 fms. of water, Bury
Island Flats, Bahamas, January 22, 1925; one male from off Knight's
Key, Florida, March 29, 1926; one large female dredged in 50 fms.,
American Shoal, Florida.

Technical description: Crab small, body triangulate, rostrum
produced into a rounded hood which is hollow beneath and carinated
on the median dorsal line; superior orbital margin elevated; hepatic
region tumid, produced into an acuminate, downward-pointing tooth ;
pterygostomian region protuberant with a median tubercle; gastric
region separated from the hepatic, elevated, with two median tubercles
in the male, one in the female ; one large, conical tubercle on the cardiac
region ; the first, second, third and fourth abdominal segments are pro-
duced in the center forming a posteriorly directed node ; the fifth, sixth
and seventh segments in the female are completely fused, forming a
wide, heart-shaped brood pouch which is produced into convex lobes
on each side of the vaulted median ridge. The male belt is narrow,
segmented. The postlateral angle of the carapace is far back, above
the base of the first ambulatories, and is obtuse ; the branchial regions
are low in comparison to the gastric and cardiac regions. There are
a number of clusters of hook-like setae on the upper surface of the
carapace, one of the most prominent being a subscrescentic arrange-
ment of setae at the base of the rostrum. The legs are also furnished
with these hooked setae and with long, stiff, straight setae whose
length is approximately three to four times the width of the support-
ing leg.

The eyestalk is protruberant, slightly constricted medially, with a
tongue-like projection on the upper surface of the cornea, which latter
is terminal, hemispherical.

The antennulae are long and fold vertically within the septa be-
neath the rostral hood.

The antennae have the basal article narrowed anteriorly and are
longitudinally bicarinate and channelled; the free articles are elon-
gated, slender, cylindrical ; the flagellum is very fine, multiarticulate,
setose, not as long as the two free articles of the peduncle.

The external maxilliped has the ischium produced to a decided lobe

Boo7ie, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and'' Ara," 1921-28 73

at the inner distal angle ; the merus is narrowed proximally, widened
distally with the distal margin sinuate, excavate at the inner angle
for the long, three-jointed palp which folds around the inner margin.

The ehelipeds in the old males have the palms much dilated and the
fingers gaping ; the young males and females have much smaller eheli-
peds with the palm not dilated, the fingers meeting throughout their
length; the ischial and meral joints are each produced into a node
at the distal margin of both inner and outer angles, also the palm at
its basal angles; the lateral margins of the ischial and meral joints
are spinulose and set with a row of long, hooked setae; the palm is
scarcely as long as the fingers and is spinulose on its lower margin;
the fingers are slender, much incurved distally.

The ambulatories are extremely slender and long; the first pair
are much the longest and have the meral joint much stouter than that
of any of the other legs; it is approximately two and one-half times
the length of the carapace; the carpus and propodus are also elon-
gated ; the dactyl is only one-fifth the length of the propodus, acumi-
nate, slenderer and less curved than the dactyli of the other legs ; the
second, third and fourth pairs of legs successively decrease in length ;
the second pair are little more than twice the length of the carapace ;
the third legs are about one and three-fourths times, and the fourth
legs about one and one-half times the length of the carapace ; the pro-
podi are of unequal length and are noticeably thicker distally and
bent upward, the margin facing the dactyli are straight and armed
with a series of long, curved spines set in clusters ; the distal ends of
the propodi are formed into rounded protuberances on the outer face
which reinforces the joint with the dactyl ; the dactyli are curved, very
acuminate; the propodus of the first leg is five times as long as its
dactyl; that of the second is two and one-half, of the third two and
one-fourth and of the fourth leg, twice as long as its related dactyl.

Synonymy. — Podochela riisei Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
vol. 7, p. 196, pi. 2, fig. 6, I860.— MiERS, Challenger Kept. Zool.,
vol. 17, p. 11, 1886. — ^AuRiviLLius, K. Svensks. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,
vol. 23, p. 34, pi. 4, fig. 7, 1889.— Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 17, p. 48, 1894; Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 508, fig. 1, 1900; Bull.
U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 54, 1901 ; Bull. 129, U. S. Nat.
Mus., p. 33, pi. 11, figs. 1 and 2, pi. 208, fig. 2, 1925.— Verrill,
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, p. 398, 1908.— Hay and
Shore, Bull. U. S. Fish. Bur., vol. 35, p. 453, pi. 37, fig. 9, 1918.

74 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Podochela deflexifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7,

p. 197, 1860.
Driope falcipoda Desbonne, in Desbonne and Schkamm, Crust.

Guadeloupe, p. 2, 1867.
Podonema riisei Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 126, 1871.

— Mieks, Joum. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, p. 643, 1879.

Podonema hypoglypha Stimpson, ihid., p. 127.

Podochela spatulifrons A. Milne Edwaeds, Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 192,

pi. 34, figs. 2-2f, 1879.— Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17,

p. 48, 1894.
Podochela hyphoglypha A. Milne Edwards, ihid., p. 194. — Rathbun,

ibid., p. 49.
Coryrhynchus riisei Kingsley, Amer. Nat., vol. 13, p. 585, 1879 ; Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 31, p. 384, 1879.

Genus : ANASIMUS A. Milne Edwards.
Anasimus latus Eathbun.

Plate 20.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace broadly ovate with four median
spines ; two spines in longitudinal series on the branchial region. In-
terantennular tooth shallow.

Type: Taken at "Albatross" station 2378, in the Gulf of Mexico and
deposited in the United States National Museum.

Distribution : From South Carolina to the Florida Keys ; Gulf of
Mexico; one record west of Trinidad.

Material examined : One male dredged in 70 f ms., south of Mar-
quesas Keys, Florida, March 2, 1924.

Technical description : Carapace 18 mm. long, 16 mm. maximum
width, broadly ovate, convex, with the median region elevated, the
frontal part subtriangulate, the lateral and posterior part broadly
rounded. The rostrum is short, triangular, with the tip produced into
an acute, short, up-tilted spine, carinated medially on the upper sur-
face and with the lateral edges granulose. The basal antennal seg-
ment is produced into a sharp tooth at its external distal angle, which
is visible dorsally on either side at the base of the rostrum. There is,
in addition to this spine, a stocky downward and forward directed

O
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Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 75

spine on the lower surface in line with the eye ; the peduncle does not
quite extend to the tip of the rostrum ; the flagellum is slightly longer
than the peduncle. There is a strong, upward directed spine on the
superior orbital margin; the postorbital spine is long, slightly ex-
ceeding the eye. There is a row of spines and spinules on the ptery-
gostomian region extending to the antennal base; there is one long
spine at the corner of the buccal cavity. The regions of the carapace
are clearly delineated by grooves; its surface is paved with unequal
granules. There is in the median line two well-separated spines on the
gastric region, one on the summit of the cardiac and one on the intes-
tinal region. The first abdominal segment in the male is produced
into a posterior pointing, acute, horizontal spine. The anterior of the
gastric spines is flanked on either side by two transverse spines and
anterior to the outermost one of these is a single larger spine. On the
inner part of the branchial region there are three small spines ; on the
anterolateral margin there are three spines, one hepatic and two
branchial, above the eheliped. The sternum of the male is coarsely
granulate, as is also the abdominal belt, which is vaulted in the median
line. The female abdominal belt it said to have a median tubercle on
the third and fourth abdominal segments.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium cleaver-shaped, the outer
face with a deep, submedian, logitudinal groove on either side of
which it is convex ; the inner lateral margin is dentate ; the inner distal
angle rounded and produced. The merus has the inner distal angle
excavate deeply for the reception of the palp ; the inner lateral mar-
gin below this excavation is a decidedly round lobe.

The antennulae are well developed and fold almost vertically with-
in the fossett.

The chelipeds in the old males are slightly more than twice the
length of the carapace ; in the young males they are not so long. The
ischium, merus and carpus are finely granulate ; the merus is elongate,
cylindrical ; the carpus bulbous ; the palm swollen, a little shorter than
the fingers, which are decidedly curved inward, with a slight gape
proximally.

The ambulatories are extremely long, slender, cylindrical, the merus,
carpus and propodus granulose, setiferous; the dactyl very slender,
acuminate, furnished on the lateral margins with a long fringe of
setae.

76 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Synonymy. — Anasimus latus Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17,
p. 58, 1894 ; Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 254,
pi. 2, figs. 2 and 5, 1898 j Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 65, pi. 214,
1925.

Genus : COLLODES Stimpson.
Collodes granosus Stimpson.

Plate 21, figs. A and B.

Name : Pearly spider crab.

Diagnostic chaeacters : Small. Male with six dorsal tubercles, i.e.,
one on the median gastric, one on the cardiac, a submedian pair on the
intestinal region, and one on the apex of each branchial region. Fe-
male usually with only three median tubercles, i.e., gastric, cardiac
and one intestinal. Rostrum subtriangulate, bifid. Male chelipeds
elongate, swollen, fingers usually with gape. Female chelipeds small,
fingers not gaping. Carapace and ventral surface in both sexes coarsely
granulate.

Type : The type of this species was taken at Cape St. Lucas, Lower
California, and was deposited in the ''Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution," but like many of their crustacean types, it is no longer
extant.

Distribution : This species has hitherto been known from only five
stations in the Gulf of Lower California, La Paz, San Jose Island, and
at Cape St. Lucas, in shallow water. The ''Ara" material substan-
tially extends the southern range of the species, being its first record
from Perlas Islands.

Material examined : Three males and two egg-laden females from
Perlas Islands, February 19, 1928. One male from Puntas Arenas,
Costa Rica, February 14, 1928.

Habits: This is one of the rare, minute spider crabs of tropical
western America. The specimens taken by Mr. Vanderbilt are heavily
camouflaged in seaweed and sponges and coated with sediment, mak-
ing the animal resemble a nodule of mud.

Color: The "Ara" specimens are a rich cream yellow; the eyes
shining black.

Bulletin, Yandekbilt ^Iakine Museum, Vol. II Plate 21.

Collodes (/raiio.siis Htinipson, A. — male; B. — female, x 2.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 11

Technical description : Carapace pyrifirm, 9.25 mm. long, 6.5 mm.
wide, surface nearly devoid of cilia, but covered with large, pearly
granules which are much less abundant in the sulci that sharply de-
limit the regions. Kostrum small, subtriangulate, apex bifid. The
superior margin of the eye is delimited, margined with granules, one
of which, the median, forms a tubercle. There is also a median tubercle
on the gastric, one on the cardiac and a pair, side by side, submedian,
on the apex of the intestinal region. The apex of the branchial region
also bears a prominent tubercle, and there are two, sometimes three,
tubercles on the lateral branchial margin, and two more on the lateral
hepatic margin. These lateral tubercles are much enlarged on the
male, but on the female they do not appear as tubercles, only as nor-
mal granules. The large tubercle present on the apex of the dorsal
branchial surface in the male is obsolete in the female, and the paired
submedian tubercles of the intestinal region of the male are usually
represented by one tubercle on the female, according to Stimpson and
Rathbun. However, one of the females taken by the " Ara" shows two
rudimentary tubercles on the intestinal region.

The male chelipeds are much longer than those of the female and,
while slender, have the palm much more swollen; the meral, carpal,
and propodal joints are ornamented with longitudinal rows of gran-
ules ; there is a strong tubercle on the upper distal angle of the ischial
joint and the inner and outer upper distal angles of the merus are
each tuberculate. The fingers are long, slender, with an elliptical
gape ; their edges are set with sharp little teeth. The female chelipeds
are weak, the palms not swollen, and the long, slender fingers not
curved and less gaping. In the male the first pair of ambulatories are
exceedingly long, extending beyond the length of the cheliped by the
entire length of the long dactyl. The second pair of ambulatories
reach only to the base of the propodus of the first pair of ambula-
tories; the third pair of legs reach only to the base of the propodal
joint of the second pair, and the fourth pair of legs are correspond-
ingly shorter than the third pair. In the female the ambulatories
similarly decrease in length posteriorly, but the first pair are not so
conspicuously elongated as in the male. The male abdominal belt is
small, triangulate ; both it and the adjacent sternal plate are covered
with granules. The female belt is large, subcircular, and covered with
large granules. Each of the females captured is carrying from 50 to
60 eggs.

78 Bulletin, VanderMlt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The eyestallcs are short, constricted below the cornea, which is large,
spherical, blackish brown.

Synonymy. — Collodes granosus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
vol. 7, p. 194, pi. 2, fig. 4, 1860 (1862).— A. Milne Edwards,
Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 177, 1878.— Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 21, p. 569, 1898 ; Bull. 29, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 106, fig. 3, pi. 36,
figs. 1 and 2, pi. 217, fig. 1, 1925 (females only).

Genus : DASYGIUS Rathbun.
Dasygius depressus Bell.

Plate 22.

Diagnostic characters: Carapace very flattish, dorsal surface
coarsely granulated and produced posteriorly into a very sharp
median, horizontal tooth on the first abdominal segment.

Type: Bell's type was a female taken in the Galapagos Islands, in
6 fms., sandy bottom and deposited in Mr. Bell's private collection,
location of which since his death is unknown to the present writer.

Distribution : Galapagos Islands, Perlas Islands and Gulf of Cali-
fornia.

Material examined : One female, taken inshore, Wafer Bay, Coeos
Island, March 5, 1926.

Color : Old ivory with a pinkish tinge.

Technical description: Carapace flattish, regions definitely de-
lineated ; upper surface covered with pearly granulations and an occa-
sional larger one. The rostrum is a single, short, triangulate tooth,
the tip blunt, uptilted, the upper surface with the edges thickened,
granulose, the center depressed. The external angle of the basal an-
tennal segment forms a tooth similar and subequal to the rostral tooth
and almost as prominent dorsally. The superior orbital margin is
elevated granulose above the eye, with the outer half flatter, the post-
orbital tooth blunt. There is a definite groove passing back from the
rostrum, circumscribing the gastric region, uniting laterally with the
cervical groove which separates the hepatic and branchial regions;
there is a deep pit on either side at the urogastric line and a well-
defined groove running back to the posterior margin, separating the
cardio-intestinal regions from the branchial lobe, which latter has a

5
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^

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 79

deep curved furrow extending across it the lateral margin. There
are one or two rounded tubercles on the hepatic lobe and two on the
branchial lobe near the outer margin. The epimeral plates are well
developed and are produced into a spine between the first and second,
the second and third, the third and fourth ambulatories.

The basal antennal article has its outer margin coarsely granulated,
its inner margin armed with two prominent rounded teeth, the upper
of which is nearly as large as the third, or distal tooth.

The antennulae fold vertically beneath the rostrum.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium with its outer margin
thickened, its inner margin coarsely dentate and produced into a lobe
at the inner distal angle ; there is a longitudinal groove on the outer
face which is also granulose and setiferous; the merus is three-fifths
as long as the ischium, with the outer angle slightly rounded laterally
and truncated distally, excavate at the inner distal angle for the
reception of the antennal palp, and below this excavation produced to
a prominent, flaring, rounded lobe ; the palp is stocky, with the basal
joint enlarged, three-fifths as thick as long.

The female abdominal belt has the first segment dorsally visible,
curiously produced into a long, acute, horizontal, conical spine; the
second, third and fourth segments are narrow, hinge-like with the
median region arched ; the fifth and sixth segments are fused, forming
a large, circular disc, with a narrow elevated arch extending two-
thirds its length, the remaining external surface flat, granular; the
seventh segment is small, rounded distally and downbent.

The female chelipeds are small, equal; the ischial and meral joints
together form a curved arch around the granulose pterygostomian
region ; the carpus and propodus are bent downward above the mouth-
parts ; the propodus is weak, narrow, a trifle distally and is no wider
than the merus; the fingers are as long as the hand, tapering, finely
denticulated. The male chelipeds are much stouter and have the
palm inflated.

The order of length in the ambulatories is 2, 3, 4, 1, the first leg
reaching only to midway the propodus of the second leg ; the third leg
is subequal to the second, and the fourth leg reaches not quite to the
tip of the propodus of the third leg. All four legs are dorsoventrally
flattened, the upper surface moderately convex, the lateral margins
shaggy with long setae.

80 Bulletin, VanderMU Marine Museum, Vol. II

Synonymy. — Microrhynchus depressus Bell, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
vol. 3, p. 88, 1835 ; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, p. 42, pi. 8,
figs. 2, 2d-f, 1836.

Neorhynchus depressus A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg, Mexico, p.
187, 1880.

Dasygius depressus Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 570,
1898 ; ihid., vol. 38, p. 571, 1910 ; Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p.
138, pi. 1, pi. 274, figs. 5-8, 1925.— Boone, Zoologica, N. Y. Zool.
Soc, VIII, No. 4, p. 136, fig. 37, 1927.

Subfamily: Pisinae.
Genus: HYAS Leach.
Hyas coarctatus Leach.

Plate 23.

Names : Harper (Leach) ; toad crab, common name among Ameri-
can fisher-folk.

Diagnostic characters: Carapace lyrate, with the rostrum pro-
duced, subtriangulate ; the postorbital — hepatic region laterally pro-
duced into a laminate expansion with undulating margin, rounded
posteriorly. The basal antennal article narrows anteriorly but it with-
out a decided tubercle.

Type: Dr. Leach's type localities are stated as follows: "In mari
Britannico; apud Firth of Forth, Plymouth Sound et Salcomle." Dr.
Caiman of the British Museum staff states that the supposed syntypes
of this species with an incomplete label are deposited in this insti-
tution.

Distribution: This species is known from the Arctic shores of
Europe, Greenland, Iceland, America, Asia; also in the American
waters of the Bering Sea and southward to Lat. 56° 10'; from Kamt-
chatka southward to Korea and Shanghai ; on the shores of northern
Europe southward to about Lat. 49° 5' N., and on the eastern Ameri-
can shores down to Cape Hatteras, N. C. Bathymetric occurrence:
low water to 373 fms., more rarely at 906 fms.

Material examined : Two females of this typical form were dredged
in the upper end of White Haven Harbor, Nova Scotia, September 6,
1926, by the yacht ''Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

H
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3
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Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 81

Color : Mr. Vanderbilt 's notes state that this species is deep oliva-
ceous green with claws orange red.

Technical description : Although this species sometimes attains a
length of three and one-half inches, the present specimens are much
smaller and younger. The carapace is lyrate, with the rostral horns
practically contiguous, separated from each other by a narrow, but-
tonhole-shaped slit, the two horns forming a regular triangle with the
upper surface flattish and hirsute ; the preorbital margin is rounded,
the upper surface bears one well-defined sinus; the postorbital angle
is acute; it and the hepatic region are produced into a laminate ex-
pansion which has its outer margin rounded posteriorly and is sepa-
rated from the branchial region by a deep constriction; the lateral
margins of the branchial regions are moderately rounded and the pos-
terior margin is also broadly rounded. There is a series of tubercles
along the lateral margin terminating before they reach the hepatic
region; there are also a number of scattered tubercles on the upper
surface of the carapace, an irregular double row running from the
rostrum to the intestinal region where they converge and terminate
in a single large tubercle ; there are two well-seperated larger tubercles
in the median line between the two rows on the gastric region. There
are also one or two large tubercles on the summit of the branchial
region. The upper surface of the carapace and legs is furnished with
hooked setae which mostly occur in clusters of five or six. The basal
antennal article is narrowed very slightly distally, has the lateral
margins much thickened and granulate and the antero-external angle
a blunt node ; the first free article is rather thickened, granular, with
its outer margin dilated ; the third article is subcylindric, but a trifle
thicker than the flagellum which consists of about twenty articles and
extends beyond the rostrum.

The antennulae have an unusually prominent, granulose basal arti-
cle and a large, subtriangular fossett into which the fleshy flagella
fold.

The chelipeds are equal, of moderate size; the merus and carpus
elongated, tuberculose on the upper surface, the propodus is moder-
ately robust, the fingers about as long as the hand ; there is an approxi-
mately median longitudinal groove on the outer face of each finger.

The first ambulatories are as long or a trifle longer than the cheli-
peds, slender, hairy and beset with many hooked hairs ; the dactyli are
furred and have acute horn-like tips.

82 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Synonymy. — Hyas coarctatus Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol.
11, p. 329, 1815; Malacostraca Brit., pi. 21B and text, 1816.—
S. I. Smith, Kept. U. S. Fish. Comm. for 1871-72, vol. 1, p. 548,
1873.— Kathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 69, 1893 ; in
Grenfell, Labrador, p. 481, 1909 ; Rept. Canadian Arctic Exped.,
vol. 7, pt. A, p. 9A, 1919. — Birula, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp,
Sei. St. Petersburg, vol. 11, p. 8, 1907. — Hansen, Danish Ingolf
Exped., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 15, 1908. — Dons, Tromso Mus. Aarshefter
33, p. 158, pi. 1, figs. 14, 19, pi. 2, figs. 9 and 10, 1912-13 ; pi. 3,
figs. 3 to 8, text figs. A2, 4, 6 and 8, B2 and 2a ; Aarshefter 37,
p. 88, 1914.— Eathbun, BuU. 129, U. S. N. M., p. 258, pis. 94-95,
1925.

Lissa fissirostra Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 1, p. 79, 1817,

Hyas coardata H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 312,
1834; R. Anim. de Cuvier, disciples ed., p. 90, pi. 32, fig. 3. —
Birula, ihid., p. 445, 1897.

Hyas serratus Hailstone, Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, p. 262, 1835.

Hyas hufonis White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 6, 1847.

Hyas coarctatus var. alutacea Brandt, in Middendordf 's Reise in den

Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens, Zool., vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 79,

1851.
Hyas latifrons Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 9, p. 217,

1857.— Smithson, Misc. Coll., vol. 49, p. 9, pi. 2, 1907.

Hyas coarctatus var. latifrons Braznikov, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.

Petersbourg, ser. 8, vol. 20, No. 6, p. 43, 1907.
Hyas coarctatus alutaceus Birula, ihid., ser, 8, vol. 29, p. 4, pi. 1, figs.

2-5, 1910.
Hyas coarctatus forma alutacea Dons, Tromso Mus, Aarshefter 37, p.

86, footnote, 1915.
Hyas coarctatu ursinus Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art.

14, p. 4, 1924.

Genus : NIBILIA A. Milne Edwards.
Nibilia antilocapra (Stimpson).

Plate 24, fig. A.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace pyrif orm, rostrum very promi-
nent, deeply bifurcate. Orbit with a spinous tooth between the pre-
ocular and postocular units.

Bulletin, Vanderbilt ]Marine Museum, Vol. J I Plate 24.

•.»*-^_p^.^Sftn# -.^ . " ■-.■ K , ..'■■■' ,>i ^i^'

A. — Xibilia anfilnrapra. B. — Libinia duhin, reduced one-half.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 83

Type: Prof. Stimpson's type material was taken "off Carysfort
Reef, 52 and 60 fms., off Alligator Reef, 118 fms." These types are un-
fortunately no longer extant.

Distribution: Known only from deep water, 52 to 150 fms., this
maximum depth having been established by the "Ara" specimens.
The species ranges from Cape Hatteras, N. C, southward to Florida,
the Gulf of Mexico, off St. Vincent and off Barbados.

Material examined : One sof t-sheU male, two small males and one
large female, dredged in 150 fms., seven miles off Alligator Reef, Fla.

Color: The "Ara'' specimen was deep red when captured.

Technical description : Carapace pyrif orm, convex, very spinous,
rostrum long, horizontal, fused at the base but bifurcated the distal
four-fifths of its length ; each horn is very acuminate, slightly diver-
gent. The preorbital spine is very long, acute, upward and outward
directed ; behind it is a shorter, acute spine on the supraocular eave ;
there is a smaller, triangular tooth between the preocular eave and
the postocular cup, which latter terminates in a spine. There is a
spine at the angle of the buccal cavity and in line with this is a short
spine and a tubercle outside the proximal end of the basal antennal
article. The carapace is practically covered with upstanding, acumi-
nate spines of unequal size. The pterygostomian region has two rows
of spines. On the hepatic lobe there are several small and two or
three long spines ; one of these marginal hepatic spines is the longest
on the body posterior to the orbital spine. There are about 18 to 20
spines of moderate size with smaller spines interspersed; one of the
strongest of these spines occupies the summit of the gastric region and
is circled by the smaller spines. On the summit of the cardiac region
there is also a long spine surrounded by smaller ones ; there are four,
long, well-spaced spines on the intestinal region and a row above the
posterior margin. The first, second and third segments of the male
abdomen each bears three spines. The sternum has no spines and
there are none on the maxilliped.

The male chelipeds are elongate, slender; the merus, carpus, and
proximal part of the propodus is spinous ; the remainder of the hand
is practically smooth.

The ambulatories are long, slender, spinous on the merus and car-
pus ; the dactyl is long, stocky, stubby tipped.

The largest "Ara'' specimen is soft shell, about 70 mm. long, includ-
ing the rostrum.

84 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Synonymy. — Pisa antilocapra Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
2, p. 110, 1871. — A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 383, pi. 11, figs. 4 and 5, pi. 12, fig. 3, text
fig. 19, 1923.

Pisa praelonga Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. Ill, 1871.
— ^A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Com. Zool,, vol.
47, p. 384, pi. 11, figs. 6 and 7, pi. 12, fig. 4, 1923.

Nihilia erinacea A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Beg. Mexico, p. 133, pi.
25, 1878.

Nibila antilocapra Rathbun, Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 290, pis.
102, 103 and 239, 1925.

Genus: LIBINIA Leach.
Libinia dubia H. Milne Edwards.

Plate 24, fig. B.

Name : This is one of the two species known as the common spider
crab of the East Coast of the United States.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace with six median tubercles ; dor-
sal tubercles scarce. One spine situated at the angle of buccal cavity.
Carapace more pyriform than Libinia emarginata.

Type: H. Milne Edwards gives the type localities as "cotes des
Etats-Unis, " and states that the type is deposited in the Paris
Museum.

Recorded Distribution: Inhabits muddy shores, shallow water to
25 fms. It is very abundant from Cape Cod, Mass., to Texas, and has
also been reported occasionally in the upper West Indies. It is re-
corded from West Africa.

Material examined: Two males. Long Island Sound, Northport,
Long Island, N. Y., July 7, 1922; one large male from the same lo-
cality, July 7, 1928.

Color: Yellowish to light brick red in young specimens. Fre-
quently covered with mud, algae, anemones, etc.

Technical description : Carapace pyriform and with the rostrum
slightly longer and more definitely bifid than in the associated species,
L. emarginata, which is more nearly hemispherical. Upper surface of
carapace very convex, regions sharply delineated; in the median line

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 85

there are two spines on the gastric region, the anterior of these is in
the center of a transverse row of five small spines ; also in the median
line there is one spine on the genital, two on the cardiac, and one on
the intestinal region. There is one spine at the anterolateral angle
of the buccal cavity and five or six on the outer region above the
lateral margin of the hepatic and branchial regions, and three other
spines forming a triangle on the inner part of the branchial region.
The preorbital spine is acute, outward directed, longer than the post-
orbital spine which is also acute ; there is one closed sinus on the upper
orbital margin which bears a tooth at its distal angle. The basal
antennal segment bears a tooth at its upper distal angle which is
applied to the infero-orbital margin, and another node or tooth at its
lower distal angle.

The eyes are small with the upper lateral surface of the cornea
protected by a calcareous, tongue-like formation.

The chelipeds are equal in both sexes, larger in the male than in
the female, moderately long, slender, the merus is elongated, slenderer
basally than distally; the carpus is short and rounded; the male
propodus has the palm about as long as the merus, compressed, sub-
cylindrical, smooth; the fingers are half as long as the palm, with a
slight elliptical gape proximally, the distal two-thirds closing one
upon the other, the edges crenulate, tips white.

The ambulatories are long, slender, but strong, with stocky, curved
dactyli.

Synonymy. — Libinia duhia Milne Edwaeds, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1,
p. 300, pi. 14, his, fig. 2, 1834. — Streets, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., p. 104, 1870. — A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg. Mex., p.
129, part, 1878; pi. 18, figs. 5 to 5d, not pi. 26.— Rathbun,
Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 237, pi. 31, fig. 1, 1892.— Hay
and Shore, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 35, p. 456, pi. 38, fig. 5,
1918.— Rathbun, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 129, p. 313, pi. 114 and
115, pi. 122, fig. 1, 1925.

Lihinia canaliculata DeKay, Crust, of N. Y., p. 2, part , 1844.

Lilinia distincta Guerin, La Sagra's Hist. Cuba, vol. 7, pt. 2, Crust.
p. xii. — ^Brito Capello, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, vol. 3, No. 12, p. 263,
pi. 3, fig. 2, 1871.

Lihinia suhspinosa Streets, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 105, 1870.

86 Bulletin, Vanderlilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Subfamily: Majinae.

Genus : PITHO Bell.
Pitho aculeata (Gibbes).

Plate 25, figs. A and B.

Type: Gibbes' type material came from Key West, Fla., and
"Florida" and is said to be no longer extant.

Distribution: Bahamas, southern Florida, throughout the "West
Indies and along the South American coast as far down as Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil.

Material examined: One specimen from Cardenas, Cuba, March,
1928, collected by the ''Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description: Carapace slightly longer than wide,
frontal region wide, rostrum short, bifid ; preorbital angle prominent,
tooth-like, a decided, closed orbital sulcus; the postorbital angle a
large, triangular tooth. There are five teeth on the anterolateral mar-
gin; the first is curved, rather hook-like, the second and third are
entirely fused basally, the apices curved similar to that of the first;
the fourth and fifth teeth are very small, the fifth being sometimes no
more than a tubercle. The dorsal surface of the carapace is tubercu-
lous, more so in the young than in the older specimens, which are
sometimes nearly smooth. The basal antennal article is wide, the free
outer anterior margin denticulate ; there is a deep groove between this
crest and the frontal border and a second groove on the carapace
parallel to the antennal groove. The first movable antennal article
has a produced outer lateral lobe.

As shown in the plate, the chelipeds of the old males are enormously
larger than those of the females and young male, the latter resembling
the female chelae. The old males have the chelipeds about one and
one-half times as long as the body ; the merus angulate, usually with
three lower tubercles on the upper margin ; the carpus is marked with
a longitudinal crest; the propodus is laterally compressed, smooth;
the fingers are widely gaping the distal three-fourths, with a large
basal tooth on the dactyl, the finger-tips meeting. The young males
and females have the chelae weak, the fingers evenly dentate, meeting.

Color: Variable patterns of mottled green and creamy flakes. In
some living specimens the green is a deep bottle green, in others it is
almost entirely replaced by a brownish olivaceous, in others, yellow-
ish predominates.

•X

H
K

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II Plate 26.

Pitlio (uiiNOclon (von Martens), x 1.5. A. — male; B. — female.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 87

Synonymy. — llyas aculeata Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci,, vol.
3, p. 171, 1850.

Othonia aculeata Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, p. 49,
1859; Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol. 2, p. 116 (part), 1871.— Miers,
Journ. Linn. Soc. London ZooL, vol. 14, p. 673, pi. 13, fig. 6, 1879.
— Kingsley, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 388, part. — Rathbun,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 255, pi. 34, figs. 1 and 2, 1892.

Pitho aculeata Rathbun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, p. 7, 1897 ; Bull.
U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, part 2, p. 77, for 1900 (issued 1901) ;
Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, Natura Artis Magistra, Amsterdam,
23E Afl., p. 19, 1924; Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 357, pi. 127,
pi. 251, fig. 1, 1925.

Pitho anisodon (von Martens).

Plate 26.

Diagnostic characters: Carapace shield-shaped, usually a little
longer than wide. Anterolateral teeth normally five, besides the orbi-
tal, the second and third teeth being united at base, the second tooth
always much smaller than the others. Interorbital space narrow.
Rostral horns short, subacute in young, separated by a V-shaped sinus,
usually bluntly rounded in older forms. First free segment of the
antennae with the outer lobe rounded, forward directed. Distal third
of male appendages lyre-shaped.

Type: Von Martens' type material was collected in Cuba and is
deposited in the Berlin Museum.

Distresution : Known from many of the Florida Keys, the Ba-
hamas, Cuba, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, Jamaica and Curasao.

Material examined : Several males and females taken in drag-net,
Cardenas, Cuba, March 5, 1928, by the "Ara."

Color: The specimens taken by the ''Ara" are olivaceous green
mottled with fine whitish markings, also with tiny deep green flecks
on the upper surface. The under surface of the body is creamy
whitish.

Habits : Beyond the fact that this species dwells in shallow water,
and protects itself by a camouflage of seaweed, sand, sponges, bryozoa,
etc., nothing has been recorded of its habits.

Technical description : Carapace shield-shaped, convex, about one-
fifth longer than wide, except in very large females, which are usually

88 Bulleiin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

wider than long, the upper surface ornamented with a few, scattering
low flat tubercles from some of which setae arise; cervical groove
faintly delineated. Interorbital space narrow, rostral horns subacute
and separated by a V-shaped sinus in young specimens ; more bluntly
rounded and less separated in older specimens. Pre- and postorbital
angles blunt, a linear, closed sinus about midway the upper orbital
margin; the eye protruding distinctly beyond the carapace. The
anterolateral margin is armed with five acute, outward and forward
directed teeth; of these, the first, third and fourth are subequal, the
second is much reduced and united at the base with the third tooth ;
the fifth tooth is weaker than the fourth, but is decidedly larger than
the second tooth. The fact that there is much individual variation in
the second tooth is strongly emphasized by the eleven specimens taken
by the ''Ara." Of these, the three largest, two males and a female,
show the dentition ascribed by Miers and Rathbun to quadridentata.
The males have the second tooth entirely obsolete, while the large
female has the second tooth reduced to a rudimentary tubercle on the
right side and an almost obsolete tubercle on the left side, while the
fourth left tooth has an accessory small, acute tooth at its base on the
posterior margin. Another female has both second teeth a rudimentary
nodule, but the carapace is longer than wide. The four males, about the
same size as the preceding female, has the second tooth larger, united
at its base, as in typical anisodon. Another female, of the same size
as the preceding, has the second teeth rudimentary, nodular, but the
remaining teeth very acute as in anisodon; two other females of about
the same size, has identical anisodon dentition, but the body is wider
in proportion to its length than in the typical form. Yet another fe-
male of about the same general size, except that it is distinctly longer
than wide, shows the second tooth on the left side almost as large as
the third tooth with which it is united at base, while on the right side
the second tooth is reduced to an almost invisible flat node. Another
female, large, as wide as long, has the left second tooth represented by
a large bluntly rounded node at the base of the third tooth, while the
second right tooth is acute, well developed, as in typical anisodon, and
united at base with the third tooth. The one small male taken at
Pilon, Cuba, of about the same size as the majority of the females, has
both second teeth acute, as in anisodon. The three males show the
fourth abdominal segment to have about the same length ratio; it is
worthy of note that while Dr. Rathbun states that this segment is

I—

►J
O

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 89

longer in quadridentata than in anisodon, her photographed specimens
fail to show such difference.

Synonymy. — Othonia anisodon von Martens, Arch, fur Naturgh., vol.
38, part 1, p. 83, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1872.

Othonia aculeata Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1879 (issued
1880), p. 388, part.

Othonia Iherminieri Rathbun (not Schramm), Pros. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 15, p. 255, pi. 34, figs. 3 and 4, 1892 (part).

Pitho anisodon Rathbun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, art. 1, p. 8, 1897 ;
Bull. Labr. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 258, 1898 ; Bull.
U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, part 2, p. 77, 1901 ; Bull. 129, U. S.
Nat. Mus., p. 368, pi. 131, pi. 151, fig. 2, text fig. 118, 1925.

Genus: MITHEAX Latreille.

Subgenus : Mlthrax Rathbun.
Mithrax (Mithrax) hispidus (Herbst).

Plate 27.
Name : Coral crab.

Diagnostic characters : This exquisite crab belongs in the group
of Mithrax, which have the carapace devoid of oblique branchial sulci.
It is readily recognized by the presence of three anterolateral spines,
the first of which is bifid, and one postlateral spine ; the rostral sinus
is U-shaped, subequal to either horn; there are two well-developed
spines on the anterior margin of the meral joint of the chelipeds.

Type: Herbst failed to cite the locality of his type, which is de-
posited in the Berlin Museum.

Distribution : This species has been sparingly recorded from Dela-
ware Bay by Thomas Say; from off Charleston Harbor, S. C, and off
Georgia by Gibbes, which records are quite probably due to stray
specimens swept northward by the mighty Gulf Stream. Mithrax
hispidus is well known on the Florida coast southward from Miami ;
from the Bahamas, Jamaica, the Bermudas, Curasao, and from half
a dozen localities in Brazil, of which Rio de Janeiro is the southern-
most record.

90 Bulletin, Vanderlilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Material examined: One female, trapped in lobster pot, Miami,
Florida, in the Bay of Biscayne ; one very large male, dredged on the
Florida Reefs, 1923, by the *'Ara." One young female, scarcely one-
half inch wide but heavily egg-laden, dredged in 7 fms.. Bury Island,
Bahamas, January 19, 1925,

Color: The "coral" crab takes its name, not from the fact that
it is an inhabitant of the coral reefs, but from the exquisite coloration
and sculpturing of its body, which recall the red coral so highly prized
by the ancients and used even today as a jewel. The carapace and
ambulatories of the crab are coral red with brighter bands of red at
the distal joints, ends of the joints and flecks of pale yellow on the
upper surface. The chelipeds are likewise brighter, especially in the
male specimens. The underparts of the body are bluish. The eyes
are black, beadlike.

Habits : Mithrax hispidus is chiefly nocturnal, spending the greater
part of the daytime quiescent among the coral rocks which it so closely
resembles in contour and coloration. It is both carnivorous and herb-
ivorous, feeding on the smaller fishes, crustaceans, worms, etc., and
the tender shoots of turtle-grass, sea-lettuce and similar marine plants.
For notes of the rate of growth see my report on the * ' Crustacea from
Tropical East American Seas," p. 38,

Technical description: Carapace tumid, one-sixth wider than
long, devoid of branchial sulci, smooth except for a few, low, rounded
tubercles on the outer branchial region; cervical and urogastric
grooves deep ; cardiac groove deep in young specimens, shallower in
older ones ; gastric tubercles well defined in young, nearly obsolete in
older specimens. Rostral horns blunt, short, separated by a U-shaped
sinus, subequal to either horn. The orbit is surrounded by four
unequal spines besides the antennal; of these four, the inner and
outer are subequal, obtuse, the others are smaller, more rounded. The
larger antennal spine, which slightly exceeds the rostrals in length, is
subacute, with tips incurved ; the outer, smaller antennal spine is sub-
equal to the inner orbital, and has a small tubercle at its base. There
are five spines on the lateral margin, the first is hepatic, obtuse, occa-
sionally bifid, the second spine is decidedly bifid, its posterior point
being the longer and forward curved, the third and fourth teeth are
longer, slenderer than the second with the tip decidedly curved for-
ward; the fifth tooth is much smaller, postlateral and placed higher
upon the carapace. There are two tubercles on the subhepatic region

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 91

and a series, some of which are acute, some obtuse, place irregularly
on the subbranchial and pterygostomanian regions.

The chelipeds are equal in the females, but are decidedly unequal in
the larger males. The merus is armed with five or six strong spines
on the outer lateral margin, two or three moderate-sized ones on the
upper surface and two to four strong ones on the upper lateral mar-
gin ; the carpus is short, smooth, convex on the upper and outer sur-
faces; the propodus (female) is about as long as the carapace, smooth,
laterally compressed; the fingers comprise scarcely one-third of the
total propodal length, and are slender, subequal, the tips rounded and
the inner edge set with a series of fine interfitting teeth.

The ambulatories are similar, successively decreasing posteriorly
in length; each has the meral, carpal, and, in a less degree, the pro-
podal joints are armed on the upper edges with a longitudinal series
of spines ; the propodi and dactyli are covered with a tufting of fine,
dense golden setae. The joint of the propodus with the dactyl is rein-
forced by a projecting rounded end of the propodus extending down
upon the outer side of the dactyl. The tip of the dactyl is sharply
curved, horn-color, chitinous.

Synonymy. — Cancer hispidus Hekbst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol.
1, p. 245, pi. 18, fig. 100, 1790.

Maia spini-cincta Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert, vol. 5, p. 241,
1818.

Maja spini-cincta Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 1, p. 458,
1818.

fMithrax spinicinctus Desmarest, Diet. Sci. Nat., vol. 28, p. 264, 1823 ;
Consid. sur les Crust., p. 150, pi. 23, fig. 1, 1825.

Mithrax hispidus H. Milne Edwards, Mag. de Zool., vol. 2, cl. 7, p.
13, 1832 ; Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 322, 1834.— A. Milne Ed-
wards, Crust, Reg. Mex., p. 93, pi. 21, figs. 1-lb, 1875. — Miers,
Journ. Linn. Soc. London Zool., vol. 14, p. 673, pi. 13, figs. 7 and
8, 1879.— Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 265, 1892
(in part). — Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13,
p. 404, text fig. 40, pi. 23, figs. 3 and 4, pi. 24, fig. 1, 1908.

Mithrax hispidus Rathbun, Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 406, pi. 146,
146 and pi. 147, fig. 3, text fig. 124, 1925.— Boone, Bull. Bingham
Oceanog. CoU., vol. 1, part 2, p. 38, 1927.

92 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Mithrax Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, p. 8,

pi. 2, figs. 4 and 5, 1867.

Mithrax depressus A, Milne Edwards, Crust. Keg. Mex., p. 96, 1875 ;

the specimens from "Woman Key, Fla., but not that figured on

pi. 20, figs. 4-4c.
Rathbun, Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, Zoologisch Genootschap Natura

Magistra, Aflev. 23, p. 20, 1924.

Mithrax (Mithrax) pleuracauthus Stimpson.

Plate 28, fig. A.

Name : Little red spider crab. One of several species known as coral
spider crab.

Diagnostic characters: Rostral horns shorter and wider than in
Mithrax hispidus of M. caribbaeus; sinus more inclined toward V-
than U-shape, especially in young forms. Anterolateral tubercles of
carapace four, first three tuberculate, fourth, spiniform; one small
postlateral tubercle. Second branchial tubercle small.

Type: Stimpson 's type localities are given as Key West, Florida,
2 to 5 f ms. ; Tortugas, 5 to 6 fms. ; St. Thomas, Virgin Islands ; the
types are no longer extant.

Distribution : This species has been recorded from Beaufort, N. C,
off Charleston, S. C, from many points in southern Florida, the Gulf
of Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, St. Thomas and St. Martin, Curasao
and the Caribbean Sea.

Material examined : One female taken at Cardenas, Cuba, March,
1928, by the ''Ara/' William K. Vanderbilt, commanding. One egg-
bearing female, off Knight's Key, Florida, March 29, 1926. This
specimen was yellowish white with many blotches of bright red.
(Field-note, W. K. Vanderbilt.) One very small ovigerous female
from Port Antonio, Jamaica, 2 fms., with dragnet, February 17, 1926.
Two males taken at Cay Sal Bank, near light, double-headed Shot
Cay, Bahamas, February 18, 1925.

Color: Bright red, finely reticulated with creamy yellowish, legs
predominantly red, barred with narrower bands of yellow, chelipeds
bright red, including tips of fingers.

Habits : Mithrax pleuracanthus has been found from the shore to a
depth of 26 fathoms. It inhabits a coral bottom and protects itself

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 28.

A. — Mithm.v (Mithrax) pJeuracanihus Stimpson, X 1.5. B. — Mitlirax (Mitltrax)

coniuUis Saussure, x 1.5.

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 29.

A. — Mithrax acniirnrnis !-itimpson, very young, x (i. B. — ^f Ulnar (Miflirax) hohlen

Stiiiipson, X 2.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 93

by dressing its slender, hairy, color-barred legs with fragments of its
environment — hydroid, sand grains, bryozoa, etc., rendering the legs
exceedingly inconspicuous, while the rugose, pebble-like carapace
looks like a bit of coral rock. It moves very rapidly and is difficult to
catch as it scuttles into a crevice of the rock when disturbed.

Technical descriptions : Carapace compressed, pyrif orm, about as
wide as long, areas clearly delineated, rostral horns short and wide,
more V- than U-shaped; anterolateral border with four dentitions,
the first three of which are tuberculate, the fourth, spiniform; one
postlateral tubercle. There are a pair of small submedian tubercles
in the frontal region in line with the preorbital angle; behind these
are a similar, larger pair of tubercles which in turn are followed by
a transverse row of five tubercles in the gastric region; posterior to
this row is a single tubercle placed between the horns of a lunate series
of rugosities which border the urogastric line. The branchial region
is coarsely tuberculated and the cardiac region only a little less so.
The chelipeds are a trifle less robust in the female than in the male ;
the merus of the chelipeds has a single tubercle; the fingers are
slightly gaping but meet closely at the tip. The ambulatories are sub-
similar, slender, hairy. The specimens which have come under my
observation range from 10 to 20 mm. long.

Synonymy. — Mithrax pleuracanthus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. 2, p. 116, 1871. — ^A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg Mex.,
p. 95, pi. 20, figs. 3-3f, 1875.— Rathbun, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm.,
vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 68, 1901 ; BuU. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 411, pi.
150, 1925.

Mithrax depressus A. Milne Edwards (part), Crust. Reg. Mex., p.
95, pi. 20, figs. 4-4c, 1875.— Rathbun, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm.,
vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 68, 1901.

Mithrax hispidus Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 265
(part), 1892.

Mithrax (Mithrax) pleuracanthus Rathbun, Bijdragen tot de Dier-
kunde, Natura Artis Magistra te Amsterdam, Aflev. 23, p. 20,
1924.

Mithrax (Mitlirax) acuticornis Stimpsou.

Plate 29, fig. A.
Name : Sharp-horned Mithrax.

Diagnostic characters: Small, orange, red, body elongate-pyri-
f orm, with spinulose upper surface ; four anterolateral spines of which

94 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

the first is bifid; each of the others preceded by a short spine; the
fourth spine is longest and marks the angle formed by the antero-
and postlateral margins; one postlateral spine short, Superior orbi-
tal margin with two teeth between the pre- and postorbital angles.
Basal antennal segment with three spines ; one, small, at base of next
joint, a long, obliquely out-directed one at the external angle, and a
small one on the inferior orbital margin.

Type: Prof. Stimpson's types were taken off the Quicksands, Flor-
ida, in 34 fms., and west of Tortugas, 37 and 42 fms., and deposited
in the U. S. National Museum, but they are no longer extant.

Distribution : Inhabits the deeper waters, off-shore, known from 12
to 45 and more rarely to 163 fathoms. Florida from Miami south and
westward in the Keys; the Gulf of Mexico, Yucatan Channel; Porto
Rico; Montserrat and Grenadines. The '^Ara" specimen establishes
the first Cuban record for the species.

Material examined : One male dredged in Cualo Reales Channel,
Cuba, February 18, 1923.

Color : In life this spider crab imitates a sponge in coloration, its
body being vivid orange red, the fingers are purplish red, with nar-
row white bands across their bases, according to the field-notes of the
late John B. Henderson, 2nd.

Technical description: So far as known, this is a small species,
seldom exceeding a quarter of a dollar in diameter. The carapace is
decidedly longer than broad, elongate pyriform, anterolateral mar-
gins long, diverging posteriorly, their union with the postlateral mar-
gins angulated; the postlateral margins rounded, converging. There
are four spines on the anterolateral margin, the first of which on the
hepatic region is double, having a lesser spine on the anterior side;
there is also a small spine in front of each of the other anterolateral
spines, of which the fourth is longest ; the postlateral spine is shorter
than the others. The upper surface of the carapace is deeply cleft by
the cervical and cardiac grooves and covered with numerous sharp
spines, which are slightly less acuminate and less abundant on the gas-
tric region than elsewhere; each spine is tipped with a cluster of
upstanding setae. The rostral horns are slender, three-fourths as long
as the interorbital width, directed almost straight forward, the tips
slightly incurved, acuminate, the horn separated from each other
by a V-shaped space, approximately equal to either horn. The basal
antennal article has three spines, a small one at the base of the first

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 95

movable article, a strong, acuminate, obliquely outward directed one
at the external angle which is half as long as the rostrum and a
smaller one on the inferior orbital border; the first and second free
articles are stocky, subequal, each equivalent to one-third the length
of the rostrum, beside which they lay; the flagellum is very slender,
about two and one-half times as long as the rostrum, each ring fur-
nished with exceedingly long setae.

The antennulae are fleshy and fold a little obliquely within the
fossett.

The eye is exposed, large, convex, brown; a strong fringe of setae
surrounds the cornea ; the superior orbital margin has, in addition to
the pre- and postorbital teeth, two lesser ones, one on each side of the
suture line.

The external maxillipeds have the outer distal lobe of the merus
produced and broadly rounded.

The chelipeds are strong, slender, reaching beyond the rostrum
when extended, the merus has two longitudinal rows of spines on the
upper surface; the carpus is very spinous; the propodus in larger
specimens has a few spines basally ; the fingers have a short gape, the
cutting edges crenulate frequently, but not always, with one large
sub-basal tooth on the dactyl.

The ambulatories are slender, the first pair as long as the chelipeds,
the others decreasing slightly in length, each with two rows of spines
on the upper surface of the meral and carpal joints ; the dactyl very
curved with a sharp tip.

Synonymy. — Mithrax acuticornis Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL,
vol. 2, p. 116, 1870. — A. Milne Edwaeds, Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 98,
1875.— Rathbun, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 66
part) for 1900 (1901). — ^A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, E. L.,
Mem. Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol. 47, p. 390, pi. 11, fig. 11, text figs.
22, 23, 1923.— Rathbun, Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 388, pi.
136, figs. 1 and 2, pi. 257, fig. i, 1925.

Nemausa rostrata Milne Edwards, Crust Reg. Mexico, p. 81, pi. 17,
fig. 4, 1875.

Mithrax (Nemausa) acuticornis Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
15, p. 260, part, pi. 37, fig. 1, 1892.

Mithrax (Mithrax) acuticornis Stimpson, variety Rathbun, Bij-
dragen tot de Dierkunde, Artis Magistra te Amsterdam, Aflev. 23,
p. 20, 1924.

96 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Mithrax (Mithrax) cornutus Saussure.

Plate 28, fig. B.

Name : Coral crab ; horned spider crab.

Diagnostic characters : Known to attain a length of three to three
and one-half inches. Carapace elongate-ovate ; rostral horns long ;
four major anterolateral spines of which the first is trifid, the others,
each bifid; one high, postlateral spine. Basal antennal articles with
three spines. Orbital margin much cut, as described below.

Type: Saussure 's type material came from the Antilles and is de-
posited in the Geneva Museum,

Distribution : Florida Straits, 589 fms. ; Bermuda ; Antilles ; off
Havana, Cuba, 121 fms. ; between Jamaica and Haiti, 52 fms. ; Do-
minica, 40 to 150 fms.; Bahia, Brazil, shallow water; San Salvador,
"Ara" record.

Material examined : Young specimen from Hogsty Key, San Sal-
vador, B. W. I., February 13, 1926, collected by the ''Ara."

Color: Mr. Vanderbilt's notes state that this crab is deep red.
Saussure states that it is yellowish or rosy; often rose color. The
preserved specimen before me from which, when alive, Mr. Vander-
bilt's notes were made now answers to the Saussure description.

Technical description: Young specimen. Carapace elongate-
ovate, narrower anteriorly ; 21 mm. long from base of rostrum to pos-
terior margin ; rostrum 9 mm. long ; maximum width 17 mm. ; upper
surface moderately convex, cervical and urogastric grooves deep; a
number of small, sharp spines on the upper surface. Rostral horns
slender, divergent distally, separated by a wide V-shaped space ; orbi-
tal margin elongate, much cleft ; preorbital tooth long, acute, directed
obliquely outward and slightly upward; two small acute, but well
separated, spines on the upper margin; the postorbital spine larger
than either of these but only three-fourths as long as the preorbital
spine; inferior orbital margin with two acute spines in addition to
the very long spine arising from the antennal segment. The basal
antennal segment has three spines in all ; a small spine at the base of
the first free article ; the very long spine at the external angle, which
is directed obliquely outward and forward and is a trifle more than
half as long as the rostrum; it is armed on the upper side with two
or three spinules ; the third antennal spine is one-third as long as the
big one and is situated on the orbital border. Prof. Milne Edwards

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 97

states that there are three inferior and lateral and three spines on
the superior orbital margin in addition to the pre- and postorbital
and antennal spines. Miss Rathbun states that one of her specimens
has four spines here. The anterolateral margin is armed with four
major spines, the first of which, occupying the entire hepatic margin,
is trifid, consisting of a long, curved spine with a smaller acute one on
either side of it; the second, third and fourth major spines are each
bifid, consisting of a long spine with its tip curved forward and an-
teriorly an acute spine which is only from one-half to two-thirds as
long as the major spine; the fourth spine is at the lateral angle; pos-
terior to this and distinctly higher upon the carapace is a single,
shorter, postlateral spine. The lateral walls of the carapace are
armed with a series of smaller spines.

The chelipeds are subequal ; when extended those of the young male
reach only a slight distance beyond the tips of the rostrum ; the merus
is armed with five longitudinal rows of spines, of which the upper two
are longest; the carpus is small and very spinous; the propodus is
elongate, with two broken rows of spines on the upper surface; the
fingers have the tips spoon-shaped, with the edges crenulate.

The ambulatories each have the merus armed on the upper surface
with two rows of long spines and two of short spines; the carpus is
spinose; the propodus is elongate, subcylindrical, roughened with
nodules, produced at its union with the dactyl into a strong, knob-
like protrusion which reinforces the joint ; the dactyl is long, slender,
with a slightly curved, very acuminate tip, and bears numerous long,
stiff setae.

Synonymy. — Cangrejo espinosa Parra, Descripcion de diferentes
piezas de historia natural, p. 127, pi. 47, fig. 1, 1787.

Mithrax cornutus Saussure, Rev. et Mag. ZooL, ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 501,
1857; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve, vol. 14, p. 423, 1858.— A. Milne
Edwards, Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 97, pi. 22, fig. — , 1875.— Miers,
Challenger Rept. Zool., vol. 17, pp. 86, 87, 1886. — Verrill, Trans.
Conn. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, p. 400, 1908.— Rathbun, Bull 129,
U. S. N. M., p. 386, pi. 137, figs. 3 and 4, pi. 256, 1925.

Mithrax (Mithrax) holderl Stimpson.

Plate 29, fig. B.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace pyrif orm, definitely longer than
wide ; deep cervical-urogastric groove ; surface broken by many areolae
and tubercles ; postlateral spine, also hepatic spine well defined.

98 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Type : Prof. Stimpson 's type was taken at Tortugas ; it is no longer
extant.

Distribution : Recorded from the Florida Keys, Cuba, Porto Rico,
Jamaica, St. John, V. I., St. Croix.

Material examined: One large male dredged at Port Tanamo,
Cuba, in 2 fms., February 3, 1924. A smaller male dredged in three
fathoms, Turtle Harbor, Florida, Nov. 20, 1923. One specimen dredged
in 20 fms., south end of Sand Key Light, Key West, Florida, Janu-
ary 29, 1923. One specimen, Marquesas Keys, Fla., 22 fms.

Color: Unknown.

Technical description : Carapace pyriform, 38 mm. long, 35 mm.
wide, cervical and urogastric groove deep, dorsal surface not flat, but
not especially convex, broken by many small areolae and tubercles,
lateral walls also tuberculate, one sharp, forward curved spine on the
hepatic region; the postlateral spine is well developed, set far back.
The rostral horns are short, sharp, tips incurved, separated by a
V-shaped sinus equal to either horn. Superior orbital margin with
four teeth, including the long preorbital and postorbital, also two
small teeth on the inferior margin. There are three spines on the
basal antennal article, a very long one at the anterolateral angle,
which reaches obliquely as far forward as the rostral horns ; a shorter
one on the inferior orbital margin, and a yet smaller one at the base
of the free segment ; this latter extends as far forward as the rostrum,
and supports a slender flagellum of twice its own length; the free
parts of the antennae are furnished with long hairs. The antennulae
fold obliquely within the fossett, beneath the rostral hood. The under
and side walls of the carapace are full of small, sharp tubercles.

The male chelipeds are equal, massive; the merus is trigonal,
armed on the upper surface with a few spines, two or three on the
inner lateral margin and five or six on the outer lateral margin ; the
carpus is smooth, rounded, the propodus is two-thirds as long as the
greatest width of the carapace, with a node at the upper and lower
basal angles, as does also the merus ; the hand is laterally compressed
but moderately rounded, smooth ; the fingers have a decided gape ; the
upper one is armed with a single, large, sub-basal tooth ; the tips are
white, rounded, meeting closely.

The ambulatories are stocky, compressed laterally, densely hirsute ;
the upper surface of the carpus and merus are spinose ; the dactyl is
strong, curved, very acuminate.

Bulletin, Vaxdkkhilt .Mai.mxe Musei'.m, N'ol. 11

Plate 30.

-Millirax (MUhracNhts) coriiplie (Herbst), x2, male. B. — MitJimx (Miflnactihis)
forceps (A. Milne EdAvards), iiatiival size male.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 99

Synonymy. — Mithrax holderi Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
2, p. 117, 1871. — Rathbun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa,
vol. 4, p. 259, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1898 ; Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt.
2, p. 69, 1901 ; Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 392, pi. 138, fig. 1
and fig. 2, pi. 257, fig. 2, 1925.

Subgenus : MITHRACULUS. as restricted by Rathbun.
Mithrax (Mithraculns) corjrplie (Herbst).

Plate 30, fig. A.

Diagnostic chaeacters : Mottled green ; legs shaggy ; body averages
about the size of a penny. Carapace very nodose, one-third wider than
long; rostrum small; three anterolateral lobes.

Type : Herbst failed to state his type locality ; his type was depos-
ited in the Berlin Museum.

Distribution : From southern Florida throughout the West Indies
to Sao Paulo, Brazil, bathymetric occurrence, shore line to 30 fathoms.

Material examined: Five small specimens, one egg-laden, caught
in dragnet. Port Antonio, Jamaica, February 17, 1926.

Color : Upper surface marbled in two tones of moss-green ; under-
side white; tips of the dactyli touched with coral and tipped with
white. Occasionally a specimen is found that is maculated with tiny
bluish flecks.

This little marbled green spider crab is very abundant in West
Indian waters but is quite inconspicuous because of its coloration
and the fact that its legs are very shaggy with algae-like setae. It
dwells in the cavities of corals, sponges and rocks, and on sandy and
muddy shallows.

Technical description : Carapace approximately one-third wider
than long and very nodose. The interorbital region is wide ; the ros-
trum consists of two truncated teeth separated by a small sinus;
posterior to each horn there is a sharp denticle. There is a single
suture on the upper orbital margin ; the orbital angles are blunt ; the
inner inferior orbital lobe is slightly more advanced than the superior
one. The basal antennal joint is subtriangulate. The anterolateral
margins are armed with three nodular lobes which are the termina-
tions of three oblique elevations separated by deep furrows that cross

100 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

the brancliial region. The posterior of these elevations is broken into
two nodules ; there are also a few rounded nodules on the gastric and
cardiac regions. The side walls of the carapace are rough with small
tubercles in the younger specimens.

The chelipeds are equal, of moderate size in the female, rather mas-
sive in the male, the merus with two nodes or teeth on the inner and
four or five teeth on the outer margin; the carpus is rounded, the
propodus longer than the merus, wide, smooth, the fingers two-thirds
as long as the palm, deflexed, widely gaping ; old males with one large,
sub-basal tooth; tips spoon-shaped, crenulated, meeting.

Ambulatories rather long, heavily fringed with algae-like setae,
merus of first and second legs armed with two spines on the inferior
margin ; carpus of all except the last pair spinulose above.

Synonymy. — Cancer coronatus Herbst, Natur d. Krabben u. Krebse,
vol. 1, p. 184, pi. 11, fig. 63, 1785.

Cancer coryphe Herbst, ihid., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 8, 1801.

Mithraculus coronatus White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 7, part, 1847.
—A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 106, pi. 20, fig. 1, 1875.

Mithrax sculpt us Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, p. 9,
1867.

Mithrax (Mithraculus) coronatus Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London,
vol. 14, p. 667, 1879.

Mithrax coronatus Miers, Challenger Kept. Zool., Brachyura, vol. 17,
pp. 87 and 89, 1886.

Mithrax coryphe Rathbun, Ann. Inst, Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 11.

Mithrax (Mithraculus) coryphe Rathbun, Bijdragen tot de Dier-
kunde, Natura Artis Magistra, Aflev. 23, p. 20, 1924 ; Bull. 129,
U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 426, pi. 153, 1925.

Mithrax (Mithraculus) forceps (A. Milne Edwards).

Plate 30, fig. B.

Diagnostic characters : Deep bottle green. Carapace wider than
long ; four acute anterolateral teeth ; three oblique sulci running back-
ward from between these teeth onto the branchial region; the ridges
between these sulci but little broken up. Chelipeds massive in the
male ; carpus and propodus smooth.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 101

Type: The type came from Guiana and is deposited in the Paris
Museum d 'Historic Naturelle.

Distribution: Rather abundant in shallow water down to thirty
fathoms from Cape Hatteras, N. C, southward in the Gulf Stream,
through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea.

Material examined : Two males dredged in Cualeo Reales Chan-
nel, Cuba, February 18, 1923. A small male and a female from
Cualeo Reales, Cuba, February, 1923, collected by the "Ara."

Color: Mr. Vanderbilt's field-notes describe the Cuban specimens
as being deep green. Many hundreds of this species taken by the
writer in "West Indian waters were also mottled green. In preserving
fluid, these crabs frequently turn the terra-cotta or yellowish brown
described by other writers as the natural color of the species.

Technical description : Carapace wider than long, 17.5 mm. long,
20 mm. maximum width; interorbital space wide; rostrum consisting
of two shallow, rounded teeth separated by a narrow notch; infra-
orbital angle rounded, more prominent in a dorsal view than the
superior angle of the orbit, which is also rounded; postlateral angle
rounded, unobtrusive. There are four distinct teeth on the antero-
lateral margin, the first of which is rounded ; the second tooth is the
strongest of the series and quite sharp ; the third and fourth teeth
are also acute ; there are three deep sulci running obliquely backward
from between these teeth onto the branchial region. The ridges be-
tween these sulci are but little broken up, much less so than is the
case in M. sculptus. There are a pair of low tubercles on the frontal
region behind the rostral lobes ; a few on the hepatic region and sev-
eral along the margin and on the posterior part of the branchial
region.

The chelipeds are very massive in the male ; the merus is trigonal,
armed on the inner lateral margin with two teeth ; the carpus is
smooth, its margin rounded ; the propodus is high, elongate, laterally
compressed but robust; the fingers are long, with a decided gape
meeting only at the spatulate tips; the upper finger is curved and
armed with one large, sub-basal tooth ; the lower finger bears one large
double tooth midway its length, also a tuft of setae near the tip.

The ambulatories are distinctly spiny or nodose on the meral, carpal
and propodal joints and furred with fine hairs ; the dactyl is stout and
sharp.

102 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Synonymy. — Mithraculus forceps A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg.
Mex., p. 109, pi. 23, fig. 1, 1875.

Mithraculus hirsutipes Kinqsley, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.
20, p. 147, 1879.

Mithrax forceps Miers, Kept. Voy. Challenger Zool., vol. 17, pp. 87, 88,

1886.— Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 269, 1892.
Mithrax hirsutipes Miers, op. cit., p. 87.

Mithrax forceps hirsutipes Verrill, Trans. Conn. Arts and Sci., vol.
13, p. 409, text fig. 42, pi. 24, figs. 4-6, 1908.

Mithrax (Mithraculus) forceps Rathbun, Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
p. 431, pi. 156, 1925; Rapport Betreffende een voorloopig onder-
zoek naar den toestand van de visscherij, Kolonie Curagao, p. 345,
1907 ; Bijdragen tot de dierkunde, natura artis magistra te Am-
sterdam, 23E Afl., 1924, p. 20.

Genus: STENOCIONOPS (Leach Mss.) Desmarest.
Stenocionops furcata (Olivier).

Plate 31.

Name : Horned crab. Decorator crab.

Type : Olivier did not cite his type locality ; his type, if extant, is
probably in the Paris Museum.

Diagnostic characters: The ''horned crab" is one of the earliest
recorded American spider crabs, having been figured by Hughes as
long ago as 1750, in his ''Natural History of the Barbados." It is
found from Georgia southward through the West Indies to Brazil.
Although relatively abundant in the coral reefs, its nodular body and
sponge and seaweed clothing prove an effective camouflage. The
sharp, divergent rostral horns, prominent preorbital spine and pres-
ence of four long spines on each side on the lateral margin ; a promi-
nent median gastric, cardiac and intestinal spine, also several sec-
ondary nodules on the dorsal surface of the carapace serve to readily
distinguish this species from its allies.

Distribution: Known from Georgia southward throughout the
"West Indies to Bahia, Brazil. Also recorded by Miers from Cape
Colony.

Material examined: One large female taken in 2 fathoms, Port
Tanamo, Cuba, February 3, 1924.

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 31.

Sfenocionops furcata (Olivier), natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 103

Although this crab has been known to naturalists since 1750, its
coloration and habits are still a matter of conjecture.

Habits : This appears to have been one of the first spider crabs to
have its curious habit of dressing itself in bits of sponge, seaweed,
etc., recorded. One glance at the many stiff-hooked hairs on the body
and feet of the crab will suffice to show how well equipped this crea-
ture is to fasten its living ' ' clothes ' ' to its body. These safety-pin-like
hairs are assisted in their function by the fact that the crab also
secrets a cement-like substance from a gland in its mouth, which is
used to glue the bits of seaweed, etc., onto its body, thus effecting a
camouflage alike from would-be devouring enemies and from its prey.

Color : Mr. Vanderbilt 's field-sketch, made from a specimen dredged
in 30 fathoms, 14 miles southwest of Marquesas Keys, Florida, appears
to be the first record of the color of this crab, which has been known
to science since 1750. The body is dark vinaceous red, the legs are
lighter red. This coloration imitates that of one of the well known
West Indian sponges.

Technical description : The entire upper surface of the body and
legs is covered with a dense coating of red felt, composed of long,
pointed vesicles, among which are interspersed many large, curved, or
hooked hairs. Carapace elongate pyriform, upper surface rendered
moderately uneven by the series of elevations. Rostral horns, two
long, equal in length to from one-third to one-half the length of the
carapace; slender, pointed, sharply divergent at base, but sometimes
with the tips incurved, or subparallel. Superior preorbital spine very
prominent, acute, projecting above the eye, hood-like; superior post-
orbital spine also acute, but much smaller than the preorbital spine
from which it is separated by a linear sinus. The lateral margin of
the carapace is armed with four large, acute spines, one hepatic and
three branchial in position. The dorsum has a rounded prominence
on the cardiac and gastric regions each ; two projections on the intes-
tinal region, the anterior of which is quite rudimentary, but the pos-
terior one is produced into a curved spine which projects over the
posterior margin.

The antennulae fold almost vertically within the septum.

The antennae have the basal joints enlarged, anchylosed, the antero-
intemal angle produced into an acute spine, the antero-external angle
produced into another acute spine, which is subequal to the post-
orbital spine; the flagellum is a long, slender, two- jointed rod, curi-

104 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

ously armed on the inner and outer sides with seven paired, elongate
vesicles, each of which is two-thirds as long as the flagellum.

The external maxillipeds are typical, close-fitting, the external sur-
face closely beaded with coarse granules; the inner margin of the
ischium is armed with a series of saw-like denticles which interfit with
those of the opposite side.

The female abdominal belt is large, circular, convex, forming a
pouch that practically covers the entire sternal plate.

The chelipeds (female) are small, equal, covered with felt-like
pubescence, the merus armed with a series of spines ; the propodus is
slender ; the fingers slender, subequal, the cutting edge armed with a
series of fine teeth, the tips meeting. The male chelipeds are greatly
developed, the merus being slightly longer than is the carapace, while
the propodus is a little longer than the merus. The spines are much
more developed on the male chelipeds than on the female.

The ambulatories are similar, slender, covered with felt, the pro-
podal-dactyl joint strongly reinforced, the dactyl strong, curved, the
tip acuminate, horn-tipped.

Synonymy. — "Horned crab" Hughes, Natural History of Barbados,
p. 266, pi. 25, fig. 3, 1750.

Cangrejo cornuda Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de Historia
Natural, p. 135, pi. 50, figs. 2 and 3, 1787.

Cancer furcatus Olivier, Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat., Insectes, vol. 6, p.
174, 1791.

Cancer cornudo Herbst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 3, part 4, p.
6, pi. 59, fig. 6, 1804.

Pericera cornuta Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. I, p. 335 ;

Cuvieb's Regne Anim. disciples ed., atlas, pi. 30, fig. 1. — A.

Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 51, 1873. — Miers, Joum.

Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 14, pp. 664, and 673, pi. 13, figs. 4

and 5, 1879. — Gundlach and Torbalbas, Ann. Acad. Habana,

vol. 36, p. 362, text fig., 1899 (issued 1900) ; reprint, p. 19, fig.

10, pi. 4, 1917.
Chorinus armatus Randall, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 8, p.

108, 1839.
Stenocionops furcata Rathbun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, p. 6, 1897 ;

Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 449, pis. 160 and 161, text fig. 131,

1925.

BuLLKTix, Vaxderbilt Makine Museum, Vol. U

Plate 32.

A. — Microplir}is biconnifits (Latreille), x 1.2. B. — Macrocoeloma eittheca

Stiinpson, x 1.5.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of " Eagle'' and "Ara," 1921-28 105

Geniis : MACEOCOELOMA Miers.
Macrocoeloma eutheca Stimpson.

Plate 32, fig. B.

Name : Tube-eyed sponge crab. Orange sponge crab.

Diagnostic characters: Eostral sinus U-sbaped. Orbital tubes
very long. Carapace subpyriform, decidedly constricted behind orbits.

Type : The localities of Prof. Stimpson 's type specimens are given
as "off French Reef, 15 fms., and west of Tortugas, 37 fms." The
types, unfortunately, are not extant.

Distribution : Although this species was established in 1781, only
about twenty specimens have been recorded since. These come from
Miami, Florida, southward through the Florida Keys, the Bahama
Banks, Barbados, off Havana, Cuba, St. Croix, near Colon, Panama,
and off Yucatan.

Material examined : One female, dredged in 20 fms., off Sand Key
Light, Key West, Florida, January 29, 1924.

Color : This exquisite little crab is a vivid orange flame color, with
golden brown eyes. The surface of the carapace and appendages are cov-
ered with hooked hairs, by means of which the crab fastens bits of
seaweed, or more frequently sponges, to itself as a camouflage. This
quaint procedure enables the grotesquely humped little creature to
become as indistinguishable a fragment of its environment as is one
of the tiny blocks in an age-mellowed Florentian mosaic.

When one recalls that Macrocoeloma eutheca is an inhabitant of the
coral rock bottoms of shallow waters, ranging occasionally down as
deep as 45 fathoms, the seemingly grotesque form with its corruga-
tions and rugosities is recognized as a marvelously perfect replica
of a bit of that eons-old geologic formation so well known to all
students of the West Indies.

Seen only in the dredge net, one marvels that such perfection of
sculptured mimicry should apparently be counteracted by the flaming
orange color — a hue reminiscent of the vivid butterfly-weed of Vir-
ginian meadows. Yet I have spent hours searching for this species
off the Cocolobo Cay, dawn-to-sunrise hours, a period of maximum
activity for this little creature, whose uncanny gift of camouflage
defied penetration. The flaming orange hue, semi-clothed by sponges.

106 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

was as indistinguishable from the maze of their own vivid orange
colonies as a khaki-clad soldier marching with his regiment. Deciding
to watch for the tubular eye of the crab-mosaic, I found that it became
lost through resemblance in a maze of sponge osculi. Only when a
seeming Eocene pebble seized with flashing rapidity a silvery rose
minnow and forced it with mimic tyrant power under the seeming
orange sponge could I truly say: ** There is eutheca!" A second and
the rainbow minnow was gone — the seeming pebble immutable. Over
the pebble a shadow presaged danger — seen from above, a school of
ethereally beautiful blue parrot fish — seen by the tiny tube-encased
crab-eye, a school of titanic carnivorous enemies, whose powerful beak
could crush even the little fighting conch. Inscrutable as Buddha, the
crab awaited Fate, its weapon claws powerless against these Titans,
lay as immutable pebbles beside an orange flame * * sponge, ' ' an animal
as unpalatable to fishes as crabs are desirable, the tiny eyes staring —
unwinking, two sponge osculi, watched danger pass ; the hungry keen-
eyed parrots were outwitted in a game begun by their ancestors mil-
lions of years ago. Eeaching down to examine this gallant little chap,
my careful hand disturbed the waters and a miracle was enacted in
my hand — the orange-flame paled, faded, was gone ; I held only a gro-
tesque fragment of colorless, creamy coral rock that sought to "flat-
ten itself" into the new environment. Carefully avoiding touching
the legs, because of their well-known habit of breaking off in an effort
to effect escape, I placed eutheca in a jar with white algae. In a few
minutes the little claws were engaged in removing bit by bit the dress
of orange sponges and green-brown algae and, with infinite patience,
replacing little white algae under the hook-like hairs that hold this
robe de camouflage in place. Two hours and thirteen minutes were
required for this transformation. Later on, at the laboratory, I
placed this same specimen, still garbed in white algae, in a large
aquarium, equidistant from a clump of orange sponge, one of white
algae and one of green sea-lettuce. With unerring precision, my little
friend scuttled for the orange sponge, cast off the white algae robe
and patiently dressed in orange. This procedure, repeated a score of
times with several specimens, invariably resulted in a selection of
orange sponge.

Technicali DESCRIPTION: Carapacc rugose, subpyriform, contour
subtrapezoidal, decidedly constricted behind the orbits. Rostral
horns, slender, graceful, largely subparallel, tips a little divergent,
sinus broad, U-shaped. Orbital sheath decidedly prominent, directed

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 107

obliquely forward, upward and outward and prolonged decidedly be-
yond the ventral surface of the basal article of the antennae; the
orbital margin is provided with four teeth, one superior, situated in
front of the closed sinus, one inferior belonging to the antennal base,
one preocular and one postocular. There is a pair of low tubercles,
one each in the prominence of the protogastric region, a strong, me-
dian, upward directed spine on the gastric and in line with this, a
similar subequal spine on the cardiac region, and a slightly smaller,
outward-directed spine on the intestinal region but so far back that it
projects beyond the posterior margin. There is a pair of low tubercles,
each one the summit of the branchial region. There is a pair of
strong outward and posteriorly directed spines at the postlateral angle
and parallel to the cardiac spine. The outer antennae have the basal
article decidedly enlarged, and a spine near its lower distal angle,
another suborbital, and a long one projecting outside the second an-
tennal joint; the second and third joints are subequal, slender, their
combined length being less than that of the rostrum ; the antennae con-
sist of about eighteen long, slender, subequal articles, each of which
is armed with several very long tactile hairs. The inner antennae
have their massive basal joint situated within the septum; the two
slender, somewhat cylindrical joints, of which the first is longer, fold
upon each other and fit within the antennal septum ; the brief, biram-
ous fiagellum is composed of a minor branch consisting of five rings
and a stouter conically formed branch consisting of eleven rings and
furnished with a dense brush of setae.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium much longer than the
merus and furnished along the inner margin with both conical teeth
and long, curved, spinelike hairs ; the merus is rather wider than long
with the distal border somewhat flaring; there is an incision at the
inner distal angle, from which arises the subequal, tapering, three-
jointed palp; the exognath reaches almost to the distal angle of the
merus and bears a concealed, long lash. There are four tubercles on
the pterygostomian region.

The chelipeds are equal in both sexes, long, slender, depressed cylin-
drical. The coxa is short, stout and on the ventral surface has a small
node which interlocks in a process of the sternal plate; the basis is
very small, the ischium situated ventrally and produced distally to
a rounded, triangular point ; the merus is very long and armed with
four longitudinal rows of tubercles ; the dactyli subequal, gaping, the
upper slightly more curved than the lower ; the upper dactyl bears a

108 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

row of eight sliarp triangulate teeth along the outer edge and a large
molar midway the inner surface, which is also furry.

The first ambulatory legs are spidery thin and reach as far forward
as the carpus of the chelipeds. The coxa has a node interlocking with
the process of the sternal plate; the basis and ischium are short, the
merus is the longest joint of the limb, the carpus elongate, half the
length of the propodus which is only a little shorter than the merus,
and the dactyl is half as long as the propodus, scimitar-like. The
second, third and fourth pairs of ambulatory legs are quite small and
successively decrease in size posteriorly. In structure they are replicas
of the first ambulatory legs, but the second pair is only a little over
half as long as the first.

Synonymy. — Pericera eutheca Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
2, p. 112, 1871. — ^A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg Mex., pp. 58 and
200, pi. 15A, figs. 1 and Ic, 1873. Not Aurivillius K. Sv. Vet.
Akad. Hand, vol. 23, pt. 1, p. 55, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1889.

Macrocoeloma eutheca Miers, Challenger Kept. Zool., vol. XVII, pp.
80 and 82, 1886.— M. J. Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15,
p. 251, 1892; Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p.
257, 1898 ; Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 484, pi. 170, fig. 1, pi. 171,
fig. 1, 1925.

Macrocoeloma trispinosum (Latreille).

Plate 33, figs. A, B, C and D.

Name: Grass crab.

Diagnostic characters: Carapace subpyriform, tumid; rostral
horns slender, long, acuminate, adjacent and subparallel at base, di-
vergent distally. Four dorsal prominences, each tipped with a tubercle
forming a cross on the carapace, the largest tubercle gastric. Post-
lateral angles produced into sharp spines; a sharp, median, upward-
pointing spine on the posterior region. Two varieties of this species
besides the typical form are known.

Type: LatreiUe's type came from "Nouvelle Holland" and is de-
posited in the Paris Museum. Dr. Rathbun states that this locality
is an error, but I think that LatreiUe's locality is correct. In those
days the islands of Tobago, St. Eustace, St. Martin's and Saba were
entirely or partially under Dutch control, and were frequently re-
ferred to as "New Holland."

Bt'lletix, VANDKKun/r ^Iarine ]\Iuseum, Vol. II

Plate 33.

Macrocoeloma tri.'^pino.'oim (Latreille). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C and

D, two sponge-clad females.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 109

Distribution : This crab has been known since 1756 and has been
found from North Carolina southward to Brazil, including stations
off Yucatan and several of the islands of the West Indies ; bathymet-
ric occurrence, shallow water to 45 fathoms.

Material examined: Twenty-one specimens, males and females,
taken in dragnet, Cardenas, Cuba, March 5, 1928; one rather large
female from the south coast of Cuba, February 19, 1923.

Color : Mottled moss-green, with splotches of darker bottle green ;
setae red-brown.

Technical description : Carapace densely covered with short hairs,
also with many longer, curved, fish-hook-shaped hairs, by means of
which the protective clothing, usually consisting of sponges, is held in
place. Carapace roughly subpyriform, tumid, wide at the orbital line,
narrowed in the posterior region, thence widening posteriorly; post-
lateral angles of the carapace produced into a strong, tapering, acumi-
nate spine which is directed obliquely backward and outward and a
little curved upward. There is a short, obliquely erect spine in the
median line above the posterior margin. There are four large, rounded
prominences, each with a tubercle at the summit, on the upper surface
of the carapace outlining a cross ; the one on the gastric region is the
largest. The rostral horns are paired, flattened, adjacent and sub-
parallel at the base, divergent distally. There is much diversity
within the species in the length, curvature and direction of the horns,
which range from 20 to 40 percentum of the length of the remainder
of the carapace. The superior orbital margin is oblique, sharply
emarginate, cleft by a suture not far from the postorbital angle ; pre-
orbital angle prominent, forward curved; postorbital angle rounded,
closely appressed. The cornea is well developed and projects beyond
the orbital cavity. Between the preorbital angle and rostral horn
there is visible a long, acute spine pointing obliquely outward; this
arises near the inner angle of the basal article of the antennae. The
antennal flagellum is slender, multiarticulate, and reaches three-fifths
of the length of the rostral horn. The antennulae fold obliquely
within the fossett.

The external maxillipeds are close-fitting and have the merus shorter
than the ischium, squarish, except that the outer distal angle is
rounded and the inner one excavate for the insertion of the palp.

The chelipeds are equal, longer in the male than in the female ; those
of the former having the merus and propodus subequal, each about as

110 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

long as the width of the carapace between the eyes, while the same
articles in the female are only three-fifths as long or less.

The ambulatories are similar, stocky, with stout, curved, acuminate
dactyli.

The female abdominal belt is large, subcircular, with the median
line vaulted. The male belt is narrow, with the tip rounded, trian-
gulate.

Synonymy. — Cancer 9, Browne, Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 1756, p. 422, pi.
48, fig. 2.

Tisa trispinosa Latreille, Encycl. Meth. Hist. Nat., vol. 10, p. 142,

1825.
Pericera trispinosa Guerin, Icon. K-egne Anim. Crust., pi. 8, figs. 3,

3a, 1825. — H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 336,

1834. — Aurivillius, K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand., vol. 23, pt. 1, p. 55,

pi. 2, fig. 2, 1889.
Pericera dicantha A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 57, 1875.
Pericera diacantha A. Milne Edwards, op. cit., pi. 15, figs. 3-3a.
Macrocoeloma trispinosa Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, p.

665, 1879.
Macrocoeloma diacantha Miers, Voy. Challenger Kept. Zool., vol. 17,

p. 79, 1886.

Macrocoeloma trispinosum Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21,
p. 576, 1898 ; Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, natura artis magistra,
Afl. 23E, 1924, p. 21; Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 466, pi.
166, fig. 1, pi. 167, 1925.— Boone, BuU. Bingham Oceanog. Coll.,
vol. 1, art. 2, p. 40, 1927.

Macrocoeloma diacanthus Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21,
p. 576, 1898.

Genus : MICROPHEYS H. Milne Edwards.
Microphrys bicomutus (Latreille).

Plate 32, Fig. A.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace subtriangulate, produced into a
spine at each lateral angle; rostral horns divergent, from one-third
to one-half as long as carapace. Chelipeds equal, moderate, speckled
with numerous large, purplish magenta spots.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 111

Type: Latreille's type came from "Nouvelle Holland" (old name
for Tobago and St. Martin's, W. I.), and is deposited in the National
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Distribution: Known sparingly from Beaufort, N, C, to Miami,
Florida, and more abundantly in southern Florida, the Bermudas,
Bahamas, and West Indies, southward to Desterro, Brazil, in depths
ranging from the tide-line to 40 fms., more abundant in shallow water.
Latreille's type locality, Nouvelle Holland, translated in present-day
geographic terms would be either Dutch Guiana, St. Eustace, St.
Martin's or Tobago, W. I.

Material examined: One female taken at Pigeon Key, Florida,
April 17, 1923. One male taken at Hogsty Island, San Salvador,
Feb., 1926. Two large males taken in dragnet, Cardenas, Cuba,
March 5, 1928.

Habits: This is the ''grass crab" of the early British Colonial
naturalists, a name derived from the fact that hicornutus clothes itself
with seaweed, sponges, etc., as a camouflage to protect it from its
enemies.

Technical description: Carapace subtriangular, with rostral
horns slightly more than one-third as long as the rest of the body;
carapace rather tumid posteriorly, the anterolateral angles far back
and produced into a spine. The upper surface of the carapace is
rough; the cervical and urogastric grooves deeply delineated; there
are several prominent tubercles on the elevated part of the gastric
region; the cardiac region has four or five; there are several on the
more elevated parts of the branchial region, and four to six form an
arc on the intestinal region. Numerous hook-like setae are scattered
over the carapace. The rostral horns are triangular, flattish on the
upper surface, divergent throughout their length, except that occa-
sional young specimens have the tips incurved. The basal antennal
segment has a flat, obtuse spine at the anterior angle, which is dorsally
visible as a knob-like projection ; behind this spine on the margin is a
small spine. The first and second free articles of the antennae are
subequal in length, lie beside the rostrum, extending half its length ;
the flagellum is multiarticulate, reaching beyond the rostrum for a
distance equal to the length of the rostrum. The preorbital angle is
blunt, nearly right-angled. The postorbital angle is also blunted. The
cornea is prominent and never covered by the sponges, etc., beneath
which the crab conceals itself.

112 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The external maxillipeds have the ischium of the endognath dentate
along the inner margin and produced into a lobe at the anterior-
internal angle; the merus is a trifle longer in the median line than
the ischium and has the outer distal angle slightly produced and
rounded and the inner one emarginate with a slight peak on the distal
margin at the outer angle of the incision for the reception of the palp.

The chelipeds are equal, moderately slender in the female, more
massive in the males. The meral joint in an old male extends forward
to midway the rostral horn; the carpus is small, rounded; the pro-
podus is one-third longer than the merus, the lateral margins subpar-
allel, the outer face moderately rounded and covered with large,
leopard-like spots of deep purplish magenta; the fingers are also
spotted, scarcely one-half as long as the palm, the tips meeting, spatu-
late and crenulate, a slight gape proximally in the fingers of large
male, and one elongate, sub-basal tooth on the upper finger; in
smaller males and females this tooth is obsolete.

The ambulatories are very slender but strong and covered with
many hairs. The dactyli are strong, interlocking basally with a pro-
tuberance from the propodus, the tip is acuminate.

Synonymy. — Pisa hicornuta Latreille, Eneyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. In-
seetes, vol. 10, p. 141, 1825.

Pericera hicorna H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 337,
1834.

Pisa hicorna Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, p. 170, 1850.

Pericera hicornuta Guerin, in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba., p. xii,
1856. — VON Martens, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 38, p. 85, pi. 4, fig. 5,
1872. — Gundlach and Torralbas, Ann. Acad. Habana, vol. 36,
p. 363, 1899 (1900), text fig.; reprint, p. 20, pi. 5, fig. 11, 1917.

Pericera hicornis Saussure, Mem. Soc. Phys. Nat. Geneve, vol. 14, p.
427, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1858.

Milnia hicornuta Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7,
p. 180, 1860.

Pisa galihica Desbonne, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guade-
loupe, p. 18, 1867.

Pisa purpurea Desbonne, ihid., p. 18.

Omalacantha hirsuta Streets, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 3, vol.
1, p. 238, 1871.

2_,

S
a

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 113

Microphrys hicornutus A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat., vol. 8, p. 247, 1872 ; Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 61, pi. 14, figs. 2-4,
1873. — Rathbun, Bijd. Dierk, Zool., Amsterdam, Aflev. 23, p. 18,
1924; Bull. 129, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 489, pi. 175, and text fig. 139,
1925.

Microphrys Mcornuta Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 31,
p. 386, 1879.

Family: MAIIDAE Miers.
Subfamily: Maiinae.

Genus : MAIA Lamarck.

Maia verrucosa H. Milne Edwards.

Plate 34.

Name : Mediterranean giant spider crab.

Type : Prof. H. Milne Edwards does not state the depository of this
type which ' ' inhabits the Mediterranean Sea. ' '

Distribution : Mediterranean Sea and coasts of Hispanic Peninsula.

Material examined : Two, Casa Blanca, Morocco.

Habits: This is the largest of the Mediterranean spider crabs. It
lies hidden in the rock crevices in deeper water, concealing itself by
covering its back with small pebbles, sand particles, etc., which are
semi-fastened by the long, stiff, brown hairs.

Remarks: This crab is used as an article of food by the poorer
classes.

Technical description : Carapace 83 mm. long, exclusive of ros-
trum, 73 mm. maximum width, exclusive of spines ; broadly pyrif orm,
almost oval, the rostrum consists of two short, widely divergent, tri-
angulate horns, each 11 mm. long, the upper surface moderately
convex, armed all over with short, conical, upstanding spines, some of
which are smaller than others, and with a dense coating of stiff, brown
hairs, many of which are hooked. The basal antennal article bears
two sharp spines, one at its inner distal angle, which is ventral and
points outward, and a longer one at its external distal angle, which is
directed obliquely outward and is dorsally visible. There is also a
small spine at the lower distal angle. There is no preorbital spine;

114 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

there is one large, triangulate, upward-pointing spine above the eye,
in addition to the larger triangulate postorbital spine which is directed
outward and forward; there are four similar obliquely outward and
forward-directed anterolateral spines, one hepatic and three branchial,
the first, second and third of these spines each has inside it near the
base a shorter, strong, conical spine; there is one strong, upcurved,
postlateral spine which is placed much higher upon the carapace than
are the lateral spines ; there are also two or three small spines on the
postlateral line. In addition to the numerous small spines on the
dorsal surface there are in the median line on the gastric region three
larger, conical up-pointing spines and behind the third of these a
pair of similar, submedian spines, followed by one large median spine
on the genital region, one on the cardiac followed by a submedian pair
of slightly smaller spines which in turn are followed by one small
median spine on the intestinal region. In a line running in obliquely
from the high postlateral spine are two, sharp, conical spines on the
branchial region which are smaller than the postlateral spines but
distinctly larger than the very numerous little spines of the carapace.
The pterygostomian region is very spinose and there is a broken line
of spinules on the lateral walls below the large spines.

The free joints of the antennal peduncle are set in the orbital sinus
and are small ; the tapering, whip-like antennae is twice as long as the
rostral horn.

The antenuulae are prominent and fold obliquely within the fossett.
sett. The median projection from the roof of the rostrum, semi-
separating the fossett into two chambers, is produced into a very
strong spine curved down and then forward.

The eyestalk is very small, slightly curved basally, tapering dis-
tally; the cornea is elliptical, terminal, placed obliquely at the end
of the stalk.

There is practically no difference in size between the chelipeds of
the male and female. The chelipeds are slender, the ischial joint bul-
bous and produced obliquely to a strong point at the inner distal
margin, reinforcing the short, subcylindrical merus, which is spinous
on the upper surface, as is also the carpus, which is almost as long
as the merus; the hand is smooth, laterally compressed, slightly con-
vex; the fingers are two-thirds as long as the hand, slender, curved,
tapering, with a buttonhole-like gape proximally, the distal two-thirds
of the edges meeting upon each other.

Bulletin, Vaxdki.-iult ^Marine Musei\m, N^ol. IT

Plate S.").

rtirihcnnpe (Partliriinpe) afiniiui< Stiiii]iso]i, x 1.5.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 115

The ambulatories aye very stout, stronger than the chelipeds, the
meral joints elongated, cylindrical, produced on each side at the distal
margin into a node, the carpus is two-thirds as long and similar to
the merus ; the propodus is four-fifths as long as the merus and almost
as stocky ; the dactyl is almost as long as the propodus, stocky, curved,
with a very strong, acuminate, brown tip. The first ambulatories are
practically as long as the chelipeds; the remaining pairs successively
decrease in size posteriorly; all are densely coated with stiff, brown
setae.

The female abdomen is moderately ovate; vaulted in the median
line. The male belt is seven-segmented with its tip rounded.

Synonymy. — Cancer squinado Herbst (part), Natur. Krabben u.

Krebse, Bd. 1-3, Berlin, 1782, p. 214, Taf. 14, figs. 84 and 85.
Cancer maia, piu piccolo, Olivi, 6., 1792, Zool. Adriactica, p. 46.

fMaia crispata Risso, Hist. Nat. de I'Europe, Merid., vol. 5, 1826,
Paris, p. 23.

Maia verrucosa H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., T. I, p. 328,
pi. 3, figs. 1-14, 1834. — Heller, Crust, sudl. Europa, p. 50, 1863
(with synonymy). — A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, Exped. Sci.
du Travailleur et du Talisman, Crust. Decap. — 0. Pesta, Die
Decapodenfauna der Adria, 1918, (Leipzig und Wien, p. 364, fig.
117 and very full synonjony).

Family: PARTHENOPIDAE.

Subfamily : Parthenopinae.
Genus: PARTHENOPE Weber.
Subgenus : Parthenope Rathbun.

Parthenope (Parthenope) agonus (Stimpson).

Plate 35.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace ovate-pentagonal, slightly wider
than long ; on the sidewall just posterior to the cheliped is one large,
acute spine. Chelipeds are three to nearly four times as long as the
carapace.

Type : Prof. Stimpson 's type material was taken off the Marquesas,
off Conch Reef and off Carysfoot Reef, in depths ranging from 40 to
49 fms. ; they are no longer extant.

116 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Distribution : From Cape Hatteras, N. C, southward in the Gulf
Stream along the Florida coasts and Keys, and in the Gulf of Mexico,
Porto Rico and Trinidad, in depths ranging from 27 to 90 fms.

Material examined: Two egg-laden females dredged in 50 fms.,
American Shoal Light, Florida, March 8, 1924, by the "Ara," Wil-
liam K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description : The carapace is ovate-pentagonal, 16 mm.
long from tip of rostrum to posterior margin ; 18 mm. maximum width.
The rostinim is produced to an acute tooth whose lateral margins are
finely dentate; the preorbital angle is prominent, the upper sinus is
deeply cleft; between it and the postorbital angle are two strong
teeth, the postorbital angle is acute, bidentate; the lateral margin is
rounded; the pterygostomian region is unusually prominent, extend-
ing as a dentate ridge from the postorbital angle to the anterior mar-
gin of the cheliped as a line of coarse, dentate spines; just posterior
to the cheliped is one large, acute spine ; there is one tubercle on the
hepatic and six on the branchial margin. The cervical groove is well
defined, but the regions are less deeply separated than in P. pour-
talesii; the branchial lobes are convex, covered with granules and five
spiniform tubercles, the longest of which is posterior and spine-like;
there is one tubercle on the hepatic region ; a transverse row of four
on the anterior gastric region, behind which in the median line is a
single, larger tubercle ; on the cardio-intestinal regions there are three
tubercles in the median line; on each side of this lobe near the pos-
terior margin is a spinous tubercle. The first abdominal segment is
produced to a laminate, triangular tooth on the median region and
a smaller tooth at each angle ; the second article is similarly but less
pronouncedly produced; the fourth, fifth and six segments are dis-
tinctly ridged longitudinally in the vaulted median line. The speci-
men in question is carrying about five thousand eggs ; these are minute,
orange spheres and form a "sponge" two-thirds as large as the crab.

The antennulae are large and fold obliquely within the fossett.

The antennae are situated within the antennal cavity ; the first seg-
ment bears one spine on the outer face, the second article bears three
spines, one of which is distal, the third article is similarly ornamented ;
the flagellum is slightly longer than the peduncle, slender, multi-
articulate.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium about one and two-thirds
times as long as the merus, with a distinct longitudinal groove; the
inner lateral margin dentate, the inner distal angle lobed ; the merus

Bulletin. Vandekbilt Marine Mt^seum, Vol. IT

J^I.ATE 36.

Parthennpe (Plati/lnmhnis) .srrrnta (H. Milne Edwards). A, female; B, male;

natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 117

has the distal margin truncate, the outer angle slightly produced,
right-angled, the inner distal angle emarginate ; there are two oblique
rows, each consisting of three denticles crossing the outer face of the
merus ; also one denticle near the external angle ; the palp has a spine
at the outer distal angle of the first and second articles.

The eye is small, well hooded, with a calcareous, tongue-like pro-
jection bearing an upstanding spine on the upper surface.

The female ehelipeds are approximately two and one-half times as
the maximum width of the body, very slender and granulose; the
merus has three rows of longitudinally placed spines on the upper
surface, one each on the inner and outer lateral margins, and the
third row medially at the summit of the upper surface ; the carpus is
short, spinose on its outer lateral and distal margins; the propodus,
exclusive of the finger, is as long as the merus, with the outer and
inner lateral margins each armed with a series of unequal serrate
teeth, thirteen on the upper, fourteen on the lower, the upper surface
between bears a number of granules and two or three irregularly
placed spines; the under margin of both merus and propodus is
finely denticulate ; the fingers are one-third the length of the palm,
deflected, both with the cutting edges coarsely denticulate ; the upper
finger bears on its proximal portion two convergent rows of spines
which unite to form one line distally. The male ehelipeds are said to
be three to four times as long as the body.

The ambulatories are very slender and long, smooth, except for
faint indications of spinules on the anterior margin of the merus.

Synonymy. — Lamhrus agonus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol.
2, p. 131, 1871. — A. Milne Edwakds, Crust. Reg. Mexico, p. 151,
pi. 28, figs. 3-3c, 1878, atlas, 1879.— Rathbun, BuU. U. S. Nat.
Mus., p. 513, pi. 178 and 179, pi. 275, figs. 1-3, text fig. 146, 1925.

Subgenus: PLATYLAMBRUS Stimpson.

Parthenope (Platylambrus) serrata (H. Milne Edwards).

Plate 36, figs. A and B.

Diagnostic chaeacters: Carapace triangular, flattish, anterolat-
eral margins convex, with 7 or 8 teeth ; a strong, outpointing lateral
spine, ehelipeds extremely long, flattish, serrate margins (see below).

Type : This type is deposited in the Paris Museum, with the label :
"I'ocean Indien." The maps of that period occasionally referred to

118 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

the West Indian region as the ''Indian Seas." I do not think that
Professor H. Milne Edwards was in error, but that some present-day
writers have merely overlooked the above fact.

Distribution : Known from shallow water to 50 fms., from Beau-
fort, N. C, southward, including the Bahamas, Bermudas, Florida,
the Gulf of Mexico, the West Indies down to Curacao ; also Brazil.

Material examined : Two males and one female from Porto Padre,
Cuba, March 15, 1928. One male dredged in 50 fms., American Shoal
Light, Florida, March 3, 1924, establishing the greatest depth from
which this species has been taken. One male taken at Port Segua la
Grande, Cuba, in 3 fms., February 23, 1925.

Color: In life this species is a deep sandy gray with a rose tinge
and with minute black flecks, resembling the sea-sands in which it
spends the greater part of its life buried, except for its eyes and
breathing apertures.

Technical description: Carapace flattish, triangular, rostrum
short, prominent, consisting of a median tooth flanked on each side by
a smaller tooth; channelled on the upper surface; anterolateral mar-
gins rounded, protruding out into 7 or 8 serrate teeth; one strong,
outward pointing spine at the angle formed by the anterolateral and
postlateral margins ; the latter are wide, slightly convergent, arcuate.
The gastric and cardiac regions are elevated ; a deep pit on either side
marks the urogastric line; the branchial regions are well defined and
elevated. There are numerous tubercles and elevations on the upper
surface; five of the larger tubercles occur in the median line: two
gastric, two cardiac, one intestinal, this last being on the posterior
margin; on either side there are three large granules on the posterior
margin and running obliquely inward from this is a line of granules,
some of which are much larger than others. Beneath and below the
lateral spine there is a single spine-like tubercle opposite the base of
the first ambulatories. The pterygostomian and subhepatic regions
bear an excavation which reaches to the inferior external orbital mar-
gin, forming, with the assistance of the retracted chelipeds, covered
afferent passages, whose external apertures are between the base of
the finger and margin of the orbit.

The antennae are very small.

The antennulae are large and fold obliquely within the rostral
hood.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 119

The external maxillipeds have the ischium nearly twice as long as
the merus, longitudinally channelled, serrate on the inner lateral
margin; the merus is bent inward toward the rostrum and bears a
single large tubercle on its outer surface which also has many setae;
the palp is small.

The chelipeds are greatly elongated in both sexes and flattened on
the upper surface; the meral joint in the female is equal in length
to one-half the width of the carapace, whereas in the male the same
joint is equal to the width of the carapace; the carpus is about one-
fourth as long as the merus and the propodus is a trifle longer than
the merus; the fingers are short and deflected; the lower finger is
armed with three or four teeth on the cutting edge ; the upper finger
is curved to fit upon the lower. The chelipeds are trigonal in cross-
section, the upper surface flattish, the outer lateral margin of the
merus armed with four or five teeth, that of the carpus with three
or four teeth and that of the propodus with nine teeth, which latter
are quite coarse and unequal. The inner lateral margins are also
serrate, but the teeth are less coarse. There are two or three teeth
on the proximal upper surface of the hinged finger. There is an ap-
proximately median longitudinal line of coarse granules on the upper
surface of the merus and a few other scattered large tubercles, also
some on the propodus.

The ambulatories are very slender, the first or longest pair not
reaching to the distal end of the merus of the chelipeds. Each am-
bulatory has a slender, curved, acuminate dactyl, which is marked on
each side by two deep longitudinal grooves.

The male abdominal belt has the first and second segments hinge-
like, the third, fourth and fifth anchylosed; the sixth segment vaulted
and armed with a median spine ; the seventh, rounded distally.

The female abdominal belt is seven-segmented, broadly ovate,
vaulted in the median line.
Synonymy. — Lambrus serratus Milne Edwakds, Hist. Nat. Crust.,

vol. 1, p. 357, 1834.
Lambrus lupoides "White, List Crust. British Museum, p. 12, 1847.
Lambrus crenulatus Saussure, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve,
vol. 14, p. 429, pi. 1, figs. 4-4a, 1858. — Desbonne and Schramm,
Crust. Guadeloupe, p. 21, 1867. — Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. 2, p. 129, 1871. — Gundlach and Torralbas, Ann. Acad.
Habana, vol. 36, p. 301, text fig. on p. 303, 1899 (1900) ; reprint,
p. 21, pi. 2, fig. 5, 1917.

120 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Lambrus melanodactylus Desbonne, in Desbonne and Schramm,
Crust, Guadeloupe, p. 21, 1867.

Platylamhrus crenulatus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol 2, p.
129, 1871.

Platylamhrus serratus A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Keg. Mex., p. 156,

pi. 30, figs. 1 and Ic, 1878.
Lamhrus granulatus Kingsley, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20,

p. 150, 1879.

Parihenope (Platylamhrus) crenulata Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad.
Arts and Sci., vol. 13, p. 417, pi. 28, fig. 5, 1908.

Parthenope crenulata Verrill, ibid., vol. 26, p. 155, text fig. 12, 1922.
PartJienope (Platylamhrus) serrata Rathbun, Bull. 129, U. S. N. M.,
p. 516, pis. 180, 181, pi. 275, figs. 7-10, 1925.

Parthenope (Platylambrus) pourtalesii (Stimpson).

Plate 37.

Name : This species was named in honor of Count Pourtales, asso-
ciate of the elder Agassiz in the first deep-sea dredgings of the
''Blake."

Diagnostic characters : Carapace ovate-triangulate with a strong
lateral spine and another terminating the branchial ridge ; branchial
and hepatic ridges deeply separated from the gastro-cardiac, which
are much elevated; a median row of sharp spines on the gastric,
cardiac, intestinal regions and continued on the abdominal belt.
Chelipeds with the upper surface elevated, spinous. Dactyli of am-
bulatories covered with velvety hairs.

Type: Taken by the ''Blake" off Conch Reef, French Reef and
American Shoal, 40 to 117 fms., types destroyed in the Chicago
holocaust.

Distribution: From south of Martha's Vineyard, Mass., Lat. 40°
07' N., Long. 70° 32' W., southward in the course of the Gulf Stream
to Florida, also off Havana, Cuba, and off Grenada, in depths ranging
from shallow water to 150 fms.

Material examined : One male and one female dredged in 150 fms.,
seven miles off Alligator Reef, Florida, March 30, 1916, by the "Ara,"
William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II Plate 37.

Pcnihenope (Platylambnis) pourtalesii (Stimpson), x 1.5.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 121

Color : The body is, sandy brownish with a distinct rose shading,
according to the field-notes of Mr. Vanderbilt. Field-notes of the
late John B. Henderson, 2nd, state that the claws are pinkish brown
with a suggestion of banding.

Technical description : Carapace widely, ovately triangulate, with
the upper surface rough, the regions deeply delineated. The rostrum
is a median triangulate tooth, deeply channelled on the upper surface,
with a small tooth on either side of the median one above and slightly
in advance of the eye ; posterior to this there is a tubercle on the
superior orbital margin which is approximately in line with the post-
orbital angle which forms a prominent tooth ; the anterolateral mar-
gins are cut into ten sharp, slightly unequal teeth, each of which is
denticulate on the margins. The first one of these teeth is on the
sharply defined hepatic region; the tenth tooth is at the lateral angle
and is longer than the others; posterior to this at the end of the
branchial ridge is another strong, acuminate, outward directed spine ;
the postlateral margin has three or four small spines and there are
five on the posterior margin, of these the median is distinctly the
largest. The hepatic region is sharply defined ; the cervical groove
is remarkably deep ; the branchial region is elevated and separated by
deep groove from the cardiac; there is a strong ridge running
obliquely in from the strong branchial tooth and bearing two strong
and several lesser spines and tubercles ; other small tubercles and
granulations occur on the branchial region and other parts of the
carapace. The gastric, cardiac and intestinal regions are elevated;
the rostral channel runs back onto the gastric region which bears three
pairs of small tubercles and behind these one strong, up-pointing
spine; posterior to and in line with this are another three similar
spines, one on the summit of the cardiac region, one on the gastric
summit which has posterior to it a smaller but distinct spine ; the
previously mentioned large median spine of the posterior margin is
in line with the foregoing spines and followed by the produced tri-
angulate median spine on the first and second abdominal segments,
each of which has a line of small tubercles on either side of the median
tooth. The third, fourth and fifth and sixth abdominal segments of
the male also are ornamented with a single median spine, which, on
the third and fourth segments is flanked with smaller tubercles. The
pterygostomian region and subhepatic region bear a line of spinous
tubercles inferior to the marginal spines.

122 Bulletin, Vanderlilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The antennae are small, placed in the infra-orbital sinus.

The antenniilae are prominent and fold obliquely within the fossett.

The calcareous covering of the eyestalk is produced into a tongue-
like projection on the upper surface of the cornea ; the latter is round,
golden brown.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium of the endognath orna-
mented on the outer face with a median longitudinal channel, on either
side of which is a row of spinous tubercles; the inner lateral margin
of the ischium is serrate, the distal margin is emarginate; the merus
is about three-fourths as long as the ischium and has the distal margin
broadly rounded, its inner distal angle cleft for the insertion of the
palp ; there are two large spines on the merus in continuation of the
outer row on the ischium, and several smaller spines; there are two
large spines on the outer face of the first joint of the palp and one
at the distal margin of the second joint ; the third joint is character-
istically small with two or three granulations on its outer surface and
a brush of long setae on its inner and distal margins.

The chelipeds of the male are trigonal in cross section, slightly
more than twice as long as the maximum width of the carapace ; the
merus has the upper surface elevated, granulose, with half a dozen
tubercles of unequal size forming an approximately median row ; the
inner lateral margin is armed with seven triangulate, denticulate
teeth; the outer lateral margin is armed with seven or eight similar
teeth; the carpus has one or two spines on its outer margin and sev-
eral on the upper surface ; the propodus has the palm as long as the
merus and the fingers almost half as long as the palm ; the outer mar-
gin has eight or nine unequal, triangulate teeth, the inner margin has
about seven teeth ; the upper surface has a row of spinous tubercles ;
the lower finger has three or four teeth on the cutting edge and the
curved upper finger is also continuously dentate; on the upper sur-
face of the proximal part of the finger are two lines of convergent
tubercles, continuations of those on the two upper margins of the
propodus.

The ambulatories are very similar, slender, except that the first pair
are smooth, while the second, third and fourth pairs have the meral
joints spinous along the posterior lateral margin and also have a very
few spines on the anterior lateral margin of the carpal and propodal
joints ; the dactyli have a fine pubescence and a very acuminate, horn-
colored tip.

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 38.

Leptodius floridanus (Gibbes). A, male; B, female; natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 123

Synonymy. — Lanibrus pourtalesii Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 2, p. 129, 1871. — A. IMilne Edwards, Crust. Reg. Mexico, p.
149, pi. 30, figs. 2-2d, 1878.

Lambrus verrillii Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, p. 415, 1881;
Kept. U. S. Fish. Comm. for 1885, p. 628, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1886.

Lambrus pontalesii (pourtalesi intended) Gundlach and Torralbas,
Ann. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, text fig. on p. 302, 1899 (1900) ;
reprint, pi. 2, fig. 4, 1917.

Parthenope (Platylamhrus) pourtalesii Rathbun, Bull. 129, U. S.
Nat. Mus., p. 521, pis. 182, 183 and 276, 1925.

BRACHYNCHA.

Family : Xanthidae.

Genus : LEPTODIUS A. Milne Edwards.

Leptodius floridanus (Gibbes).

Plate 38, figs. A and B.

Type: This species was founded on material in the Charleston,
S. C, Cabinet, brought from Key West, Fla., in numbers by Dr.
Wurdemann in 1845 and later by Prof. "W. H. Harvey.

Distribution : Littoral from the Florida Reefs, southward through
the West Indies and Bermudas, to Abrolhos Islands and Maceio,
Brazil.

Material examined: One male and one female from Pigeon Key,
Florida, April 19, 1923, collected by the ''Ara/'

Technical description: Carapace about three-fifths as long as
wide, with the anterolateral margins convex, toothed, the postlateral
margins decidedly convergent, the posterior margin about as long as
the interorbital region and with a flat carina. The frontal margin is
composed of two wide truncated lobes, separated from each other by
a narrow, V-shaped sinus and with the margin of each slightly sinuate
and thickened, separated from the relatively inconspicuous preorbital
angle by a clear-cut sulcus. The inferior preorbital angle forms a
blunt tooth, visible dorsally ; the postorbital angle is also a blunt tooth,
well separated from the first anterolateral tooth by a sulcus ; there is
a small, subhepatic tooth visible below and between the postorbital
and the first anterolateral tooth ; there is one closed sinus on the in-
ferior orbital border near the outer angle and vestiges of two closed

124 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

sinuses on the outer half of the superior border. There are four
sharply defined teeth on the anterolateral margin besides the post-
orbital tooth. The first anterolateral tooth is slightly stronger than
the postorbital tooth. The first anterolateral tooth is blunt, slightly
stronger than the postorbital tooth ; the second tooth is about one and
one-half times as wide basally as the first, which it resembles in shape ;
the third anterolateral tooth is nearly as wide as the second but more
acuminate towards the tip; the fourth tooth, situated at the lateral
angle, is the most acuminate of the series and usually has a short
median riblet running inward. Inside of and separated from each
of the first three anterolateral teeth is a rough tooth-like lobe ; there
are also rough eminences in the postfrontal and mesogastric and
anterior branchial regions; also transverse lines of fine granulations,
especially on the gastric region. The regions of the carapace are
sharply defined, the urogastric and cervical grooves being especially
deep.

The chelipeds are unequal in the male, the left usually being the
larger, equal in the female ; the merus is trigonal, short, the carpus
convex, with the upper surface rough with transverse granulae in
lines, a sharp tooth at the inner angle ; the palm is wider distally than
proximally with the outer face convex, relatively smooth, except along
the upper margin, where there is the semblance of a longitudinal
groove; the fingers are black, two-fifths as long as the palm, spoon-
tipped, each with two or three longitudinal grooves.

The ambulatories are slender, decreasing but little in length from
the first to fourth pairs ; each with the lateral margin heavily fringed ;
the dactyl long, slender, acuminate tipped.

The eye is small, set on a stocky stalk.

Synonymy. — Chloridius floridanus Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv.
Sci., vol. 3, p. 175, 1850. — Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
vol. 7, p. 209, 1862.— S. I. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 2,
p. 3, 1869.— KiNGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 395, 1879.
— Kankin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, p. 281, 1898.

Leptodius floridanus A. Milne Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex., vol. V, pt. 1,
p. 268, pi. 49, figs. 2-2a, 1880.— Rathbun, M. J., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 16, p. 536, 1893; Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, p. 15,
1897 ; State Univ. Iowa, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, p. 270, 1898 ;
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 139, 1900 ; Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish.,
vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 27, 1901 ; State Univ. Iowa, Studies in Nat. Hist.,

BuLLETix. Vaxdkkmmlt ]\Iahi\k IMi'sefm, Vol. K

Plate ;]!I.

Glyptoa-antliiis vermiculatus (Lamarck); female, natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 125

vol. 9, No. 5, p. 69, 1921 ; Bidjr. Dierk. Zool. Amsterdam, 23E
Afl., p. 14, 1924. — Boone, Bull. Bingham Oceanog. Coll., vol. 1,
art. 2, p. 22, 1927.

Genus : GLYPTOXANTHUS A. Milne Edwards.
Glyptoxanthus vermiculatus (Lamarck).

Plate 39, figs. A and B.

Diagnostic chaeacters: Carapace broadly ovate, moderately eon-
vex in both directions, interorbital region slightly more than one-fifth
of total width of carapace, rostrum a pair of short, broad, rounded
horns, slightly separated ; entire upper surface of carapace, chelipeds
and legs deeply pitted and eroded.

Type: Lamarck founded this species on two specimens now in the
Paris Museum; the locality of these specimens is unknown, but is
believed by Dr. Alphonse IVIilne Edwards to be probably America.

Distribution : Rare in southern Florida and the West Indian region.

Material examined: One female taken in five fathoms, south of
Catalina Creek, Cuba, February 14, 1924, by the "Ara," William K.
Vanderbilt, commanding.

Remarks : This is one of the most beautifully sculptured and col-
ored of the West Indian crabs. It spends the greater part of its time
quiescent in the crevices of the corals, which it so much resembles.

Technical description: Carapace broadly ovate, moderately con-
vex in both directions. The interorbital region is slightly more than
one-fifth of the total width of carapace ; the rostrum consists of a pair
of short, broad, rounded horns, close to each other, with a median
groove running back to the gastric region, and with the frontal mar-
gin widely, roundly excavate, between the rostrum and the small,
rounded, orbital tooth; the postorbital tooth is similarly inconspicu-
ous. The anterolateral margin is broadly rounded and cut into four,
wide, shallow lobes, by the three major grooves which traverse the
hepatic-branchial regions; each lobe has its margin broken by the
corrugations of the upper surface. The entire upper surfaces of the
carapace, chelipeds and legs are deeply pitted and eroded. The cer-
vical groove is deep and bifurcate, the anterior branch running for-
ward and thence out across the hepatic lobe, the second groove tra-
versing the branchial lobe to the lateral margin, sending out midway
its length a short branch which runs forward and another which runs

126 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

almost direct backward, uniting with a long, traverse groove which
extends from the margin of the cardiac region crookedly across the
posterior branchial lobe. There is also a well-defined groove extending
across the posterior region from side to side, separating the cardiac and
intestinal regions. The postlateral margins are brief and deeply exca-
vate, the fifth pair of legs, when retracted, fitting into the excavation ;
the posterior margin is relatively straight ; the first and second female
abdominal segments are visible dorsally ; the remaining five segments
are ventral, forming a broadly oval belt with a tapering tip. The lat-
eral walls of the carapace against which the chelipeds and legs are
closely applied, are smooth and are protected by a dense, felt-like
pubescence; the external maxillipeds, sternum and ventral surfaces
of the legs are eroded and pitted, as is the dorsal surface.

The basal antennal segment is corrugated, its outer distal angle
extending to the infra-orbital sinus; the remaining joints are ex-
tremely rudimentary, less than one-fourth the width of the orbital
cavity.

The antennulae fold obliquely within the fossett beneath the rostral
hood.

The pterygostomian region is eroded, as is the upper surface of the
carapace.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium of the exognath pro-
duced as far forward as the external distal angle of the merus of the
endognath ; the ischium of the latter is subrectangular, with its distal
margin uneven; there is a deep, submedian, longitudinal groove on
its outer face ; the merus is three-fifths as long as the ischium, its dis-
tal margin obliquely truncate, except for the inner distal angle, which
is slightly excavate for the reception of the palp; the outer face of
the merus and basal article of palp are eroded.

The female chelipeds are equal, closely applied to the sides of the
body, the merus short, curved, much flattened laterally, only eroded
on its distal, dorsal surface ; the carpus is elongated on the upper sur-
face, nearly as long as the merus and rounded and deeply eroded;
the propodus is short, its height equalling the length of the palm on
the lower margin, while its upper margin is only three-fifths as long
as the lower ; the upper finger is deflected, one-third longer than the
upper margin of the palm, with three longitudinal ridges, separated
by grooves, on the outer face ; the cutting edge armed with six white
teeth ; the lower finger is stockier than the upper, has two longitudinal
ridges, separated by a groove, on its upper face and five large, white

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. 11

Plate 40

A. — Ueieractea hniata (Milne Edwards and P. S. LucasJ). B. — Lobopilumnus agas-

sizii (Stimpson), natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 127

teeth, of which the second from base is much the largest; the fingers
interlock closely, without gaping.

The ambulatories are slender, the meral joint especially compressed
laterally, relatively smooth, fitting closely upon those of the adjacent
legs, except that of the fifth leg, which is eroded on the exposed upper
surface; the carpal joint is not half as long as the meral, flattened
on its inner or anterior lateral surface, its upper and outer surface
rounded and deeply eroded ; the propodus is shorter than the carpus,
nearly square, its upper surface deeply eroded ; the dactyl is one-third
longer than the propodus, much slenderer, yet stocky, tapering, with
a very sharp, brown, claw-like tip. The lateral margins of the legs
are fringed with fuzzy setae, as are also the sidewalls of the carapace.

Synonymy. — Cancer vermiculatus Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans Vert.,

vol. 5, p. 271.
Xantho vermiculatus H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p.

391, 1834.

Glyptoxanthus vermiculatus A. Milne Edwards, Miss. Sci. au Mex.
et dans L 'Amerique Centrale, t. V., p. 255, pi. 43, fig. 2, 1881.

Genus: HETEKACTEA Lockington.
Heteractea lunata (Milne Edwards and Lucas).

Plate 40, fig. A.

Diagnostic characters: The only West American species of the
genus so far known, with the outer and upper faces of the chelipeds
covered with large, rounded tubercles set in a dense pilosity ; the an-
terior part of the carapace also with pilosity.

Type: The type was taken at Valparaiso, Chile, and is deposited
in the Paris Museum.

Distribution : Known from the tidal zone, from San Diego, Cali-
fornia, to Chile.

Material examined: One ovigerous female, probably seined at
Punta Arenas, Costa Rica, March, 1928, by the ''Ara," William K.
Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description : Carapace widest anteriorly, 12 mm. long,
15 mm. wide across the gastric region; interorbital width 6 mm.;
frontal margin and superior orbital margin forming a conspicuous

128 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

thickened ridge, with only the indication of a median sulcus in the
frontal margin and at the preorbital angle; on the outer half of the
superior orbital margin there is a very faint unevenness, indicating
two entirely closed sinuses. The inferior orbital tooth is well devel-
oped. The anterolateral margin is wide, convex, cut into four teeth,
in addition to the preorbital tooth, which is bluntly truncated and
almost entirely fused with the second tooth; the third, fourth and
fifth teeth are more sharply defined with acuminate tips and slightly
decreasing in size posteriorly; the postlateral margins are decidedly
convergent; the posterior margin straight, slightly thickened. There
is a distinct pit on either side of the cardiac region and the cervical
groove is well delineated. The dorsal surface of the carapace is mod-
erately convex longitudinally and covered with a dense fur-like pil-
osity, except for a narrow bare space on the extreme anterior region,
paralleling the frontal and orbital margins. The postlateral walls of
the carapace are very high, oblique.

The eyestalk is stocky, constricted below the cornea and produced
into a tongue-like projection tipped with a double tubercle on the
upper surface of the cornea and another on the frontal border; the
cornea is large, spherical, terminal, shining black.

The antennulae have the basal article much enlarged, the second
and third articles subequal, clavate, the biarticulate flagellum with
one large and one smaller branch. The free articles fold transversely
within the fossett, which is divided medially.

The antennae have the basal article small, stocky, lodged between
the antennular base and the preorbital angle and not reaching to the
superior frontal border; the second articles lies in the orbital sinus
and barely touches the frontal margin; the third article is slightly
smaller than the second, and the flagellum consists of about 22 rings
and is slightly longer than the long diameter of the orbit.

The external maxilliped has the exognath extending to the tip of
the merus ; the ischium is rectangular, twice as long as wide, with the
distal margin excavate; the merus is squarish, with the outer distal
angle acute-angled and slightly produced; the inner angle is slightly
obliquely truncated for the reception of the stocky three-jointed palp.

The chelipeds are equal in the female, unequal in the older males.
The merus is short, closely appressed to the carapace; the carpus is
very long, convex on the upper surface; the palm is large, convex
on the outer face, about one-third larger than the carpus and three-
fourths as high as long, with the outer face convex; the upper and

►— t

t-H

r-'
X

Si.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 129

outer faces of the carpus and propodus have numerous large, rounded
tubercles and are also covered with a short, thick pilosity. The lower
finger is short and thick, with an acute tip and two additional teeth
on the cutting edge; the upper finger is bare of setae and is more
curved than the lower.

The ambulatories are similar, long and slender and covered with a
dense pilosity, the dactyli have an acuminate, horn-colored tip.

The female described is carrying an egg-mass three-fourths as large
as the body and composed of minute golden eggs attached to the hairs
of the abdominal appendages.

Synonymy. — Pilumnus lunatus Milne Edwards and Lucas in
D'Orbigny's Voyage dans I'Amerique Meridionale, Crustacea,
vol. 6, part 1, p. 20, pi. 9, 1843 ; pl. 9, atlas, 1847.— Gay, Historia
de Chile, Crust., vol. 3, p. 143, 1849. — Stimpson, Ann. Lye, Nat.
Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, p. 216, 1860.

Heteractea pilosus Lockington, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, p. 97,
1876 (1877). — Streets and Kingsley, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 1,
p. 106.— Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 396, 1879
(1880).

Heteractea lunata A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg. Mex., vol. v, p. 301,
pl. 52, fig. 2, 1880. — Eathbun, Harriman Alaska Expedition,
Crust., vol. 10, p. 185, 1904.— Schmitt, Univ. Calif. Publ. in ZooL,
vol. 23, p. 248, pl. 37, fig. 9, 1921.

Genus : LOPHOPANOPEUS Rathbun.
Lophopanopeus heathii Eatbbun.

Plate 41.

Type : The type was collected in Monterey Bay, California, and is
deposited in the United States National Museum.

Distribution: Monterey Bay and Laguna Beach, California.
Puerto Refugio, Angeles Island, L. C. and J. San Jose Island, L. C.
The ''Ara" material substantially extends the southern range of this
species, and establishes the first Costa Rican record for it.

Material examined : One male and one female, Punta Arenas,
Costa Rica, March, 1928, collected by the ''Ara."

Color: Quite variable, according to all authors. The Costa Rican

130 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

specimens are dark red with blackish fingers, the tips pearly white;
under side of body and legs near bases creamy.

Technical description : Carapace hexagonal, dorsal surface smooth,
except on the hepatic regions, which are slightly roughened; cervical
and urogastric grooves well defined; frontal margin slightly oblique,
with the outer angles obscure ; the postorbital and first lateral tooth
completely coalesced; the second and third teeth prominent and sub-
equal ; the fourth tooth much smaller than the preceding. The cheli-
peds have the carpus nearly smooth; the propodus smooth, with one
tooth on the inner side of the upper margin; the fingers slightly
curved, blackish, this color not extending upon the palm. The am-
bulatories have the carpal joints slightly bilobed on the upper margin ;
the propodal joints have slightly convex anterior margins; the dac-
tyli are stout with sharp nails.

Synonymy. — Lophopanojyeus heathii Rathbun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34,
p. 137, 1900; Crust. Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, p. 182,
pi. 7, fig. 9, 1910. — ^Weymouth, Stanford Univ. Publ. Univ. Ser.,
No. 4, p. 51, pi. 12, fig. 38, 1910. — Hilton, Journ. Entom. Soc.
Pomona Coll., vol. 8, p. 71, 1916; Schmitt, Univ. Calif. Publ.
" Zool., vol. 23, pi. 37, fig. 6, 1921.

Subfamily : Menippinae.

Genus: 3MENIPPE De Haan.

Menippe mercenaria (Say)

Plate 42.

Name : Southern stone crab.

Diagnostic characters : Large, with huge chelae ; shell very heavy,
mottled moss green, fingers tipped with black.

Type : Say 's type description merely states that the species inhabits
the southern States. A further note that it is sold in the Charleston,
S. C, market, might possibly indicate that his type was so obtained.
It was originally deposited in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences.

Distribution: West Indian region. Inhabits holes in the coral
rocks during the day and does most of its foraging at night.

Material examined: One specimen, taken in the Bay Biscayne,
Miami, Florida, March, 1923.

-Jl

=4-1

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 131

Habits : So secretive is this crab during the shedding stage that a
soft-shell specimen, or cast shell, is practically unknown. It is com-
monly believed by the fishermen of the West Indian region that this
crab does not shed. So hard and strong is the shell, that not infre-
quently several strong blows with a hammer will be required to break
it. The meat of this crab has the most delicious flavor of all the
Southern Crustacea, and the crab is therefore much sought by fisher-
men who obtain it by baited lobster pots, or by spearing it in coral
rock crevices.

According to Hay and Shore, the first post-larval stages of the
young crabs spend their time in deeper water among the pebbles,
coming into shallower water when about an inch long. This observa-
tion was made at Beaufort, N. C, a rather northern range for the
species. May it not be possible that in more southern waters the
young do not seek such depths ?

Color: In life the crab is a rich translucent green, mottled with
grayish-green spots and with minute flecks of blackish-gray on the
upper surface. The underside is creamy white. The tips of the claws
are black.

Technical description : Carapace transversely oval, longitudinally
convex ; frontal border about one-fourth the width of carapace, promi-
nent, divided into two lobes on each side ; the inner pair are the more
prominent, rounded. The anterolateral margin is wide and regularly
convex, cut into five teeth, including the postorbital; of these, the
postorbital is the shortest, the second, third and fourth are wide and
blunt ; the fifth tooth is at the lateral angle and is short, prominent, its
postlateral margin confluent with the posterior margin of carapace,
which is but little convex, converging obliquely posteriorly; the pos-
terior margin is short, not quite straight. The regions of the carapace
are weakly delineated. The gastric region has two low, rounded
lobes and the anterior branchial region is also slightly lobed. There
is a definite sulcus on each side of the cardiac region and an arcuate
line of coarse pits on the branchial region. The upper surface of the
carapace is relatively smooth, with numerous coarse, pore-like pits
irregularly scattered. There are three well-marked, closed sinuses on
the outer half of the superior orbital margin. The superior and
inferior inner orbital angles are both well defined, nodular. The male
abdominal belt is rather broad, seven-segmented; the female belt is
also seven-segmented.

132 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The eyestalk is short, stocky, with a tongue-like projection on the
upper surface of the cornea which is small, spherical, terminal.
The antennulae fold almost transversely.

The antennae have the basal article short, not touching the frontal
edge; the second joint barely reaching the front, the flagellum long,
fine, situated in the orbital hiatus and extending about to the anterior
margin of the first lateral tooth.

The chelipeds are slightly unequal in both sexes, very massive ; the
merus is short, thick, the carpus smooth, convex, with a prominent
blunt tooth at the inner angle ; the propodus is very massive with the
outer face smooth, convex, its height equal to two-thirds the length
of the carapace and its length, including the dactylus, is slightly
greater than the length of the carapace ; the fingers are approximately
as long as the palm, curved, pointed, the lower finger of the larger
claw with a large, trinoduled basal tooth ; the outer half of the finger
is very black.

The ambulatories are comparatively slender, the merus about as
long as the carpus and propodus taken together ; the distal half of the
propodus and the entire dactyl have a dense tuft of short setae on
the upper lateral margin ; the tip of the dactyl is sharp, horn-colored
toe-nail, which enables the crab to obtain a purchase in scrambling
over the rocks.
Synonymy. — Cancer mercenaria Say, Jour. Acad, Nat, Sei. Phila.,

vol. 1, p. 448, 1818.
Xantho mercenaria H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust,, vol, 1, p.

399, 1834.
Pseudocarcinus mercenarius Gibbes, Proc, Amer. Asso. Adv. Sci.,

vol, 3, p, 176, 1850.
Menippe mercenaria Stimpson, Ann, Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y,, vol. 7, p.

53, 1859, — CouES, E,, and Yarrow, H, C, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phila., vol. 30, p. 120, 1871 ; Kingsley, idem. vol. 30, p. 318,— A.

Milne Edwards, Miss, Sci. au Mexico, Tome V, p, 262, pi. 67 and

pi. 68, fig. 3, 1880.— Hay and Shore, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol.

30, p. 439, pi, 35, fig. 8, 1918.

Genus : CARPILIUS Leach.
Carpilius corallinus (Herbst).

Plate 43.
Diagnostic characters: Carapace wine-red maculated with vena-
tions of light yellow in all directions ; oval, evenly convex in all direc-

2
^

r N

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 133

tions ; one blunt tooth at the lateral angle ; frontal margin bent down
almost vertically, median lobe wide, truncate, separated from the small
lateral lobes by a wide, U-shaped notch. Chelipeds rather massive.

Type: Herbst's type came from the Carolina coast of the United
States and is deposited in the Berlin Museum.

Distribution. — ^Known from Miami, Florida, southward in the Ba-
hamas, Porto Rico, "West Indies, to Brazil, at Goyanna, Stone Reef
and Fernando Noronha. A reef -dwelling species.

Material examined: One species taken at Cape Haitien, Haiti,
March, 1928, by the "Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.
Color plate made of this specimen by W. E. Belanske. One speci-
men taken at Turtle Harbor, Florida, 1923.

Color: Mr. Belanske 's color sketch, which is the first authentic
sketch of this species made from the living animal, shows the upper
surface of the carapace ruby red, marbled with yellow. The tips of
the chelipeds are brownish-black, as are also the dactyli of the am-
bulatories.

Technical description : Carapace oval, regularly convex in all
directions ; the interorbital margin is less than one-third the width of
the carapace; the frontal margin deflected almost vertically; the
median tooth wide, truncated and separated from the lateral lobe by
a wide, U-shaped sinus ; the lateral lobe is small, rounded, its margin
thickened ; the superior orbital margin is entire, thickened, forming a
well-defined, blunt tooth at the postorbital angle. The anterolateral
margins are wide and broadly and evenly convex, a prominent, blunt
tooth occurs at the lateral angle, the postlateral margins are obliquely
convergent ; the posterior margin is straight. The male abdominal belt
is five-segmented ; the third and fourth segments being entirely fused
without even a suture line ; the fifth segment is fused immovably with
the fourth but retains a suture line indicating the fusion. The female
belt is seven-segmented.

The eyestallc is stocky, short, the cornea small, terminal.

The antennulae fold obliquely within the fossett.

The antennae have the basal articles flat, long, extending into an
oblique cleft between the frontal margin and the infraorbital plate;
the flagellum is small, equal to less than the length of the orbit and
situated in the orbital cleft.

The external maxillipeds have the distal border decidedly oblique.

134 Bulletin, Vande7'hilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The chelipeds are massive but less so than those of M. tnercenaria.
They are slightly unequal in both sexes of Carpilius corallinus; the
merus is stocky; the carpus nodular, convex, without a tooth at the
inner angle; the propodus is two-thirds as high as long, stocky; the
lower finger is stocky, with a molariform, sub-basal tooth, the finger
tip-pointed ; the hinged finger has a similar molar tooth but has its tip
more curved.

The ambulatories are stocky, the meral joint the longest ; the carpus
and propodus short, subequal, the dactyl longer than the propodus,
slenderer, with an acuminate brown tip, longitudinally grooved on
each lateral face.

Synonymy. — Cancer corallinus Herbst, Natur. Krebben u. Krebse,
t. I, p. 133, pi. 5, fig. 40, 1782.— Fabricius, Ent. Syst., t. II, p.
445. — Desmarest, Consid. gen. Crust., p. 103, 1802.

Carpilius corallinus Leach, in Desmarest, op. cit., p. 103. — H. Milne
Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., t. I, p. 381, 1834. — A. Milne Ed-
wards, Nouv. Arch Mus., t. I, p. 216. — Guerin, Crust, de I'ile de
Cuba, p. 10, 1856. — Desbonne and Schramm, Crust, de la Guade-
loupe, p. 26, 1867. — A. Milne Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex., t. V, p.
239, 1880. — M. J. Rathbun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, No. 1, p.
12, 1879.— State Univ. Iowa Bull. Labr. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, p. 262,
1898.— Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 25, 1901.— Rapport
betreffende een voorloopig onderzuk naar den toestand van de
Visscherij en de Industrie van Zeeproducten in der Kolonie
Curacao, pt. 2, p. 334, 1920. — Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde,
Natura Artis Magistra te Amsterdam, 23E Afl., p. 14, 1924.

Genus : LOBOPILUMNUS A. Milne Edwards.
Lobopilumnus agassizii (Stimpson).

Plate 40, fig. B.

Name : This species was named in honor of the elder Agassiz.

Type: The type "was taken in from 5 to 7 fms. between East and
Middle Keys, Tortugas, and East of the Tortugas in 13 fms."

Distribution: Southern Florida, Gulf of Mexico, off Yucatan,
Sombrero, Caribbean and the variety hermiiclensis at the Bermudas.
The " Ara" specimen establishes the first Cuban record of the species.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 135

Material examined : One male taken in dredge, south coast of Cuba,
February 19, 1923, by the "Ara," William K. Vanderbilt com-
manding.

Technical description : Carapace suboval, nearly subcircular, 23.4
mm. long, 28 mm. greatest width, frontal margin 8.5 mm. wide ; mod-
erately convex longitudinally, slightly so transversely ; dorsal surface
covered with coarse, irregular granules which are more prominent
anteriorly and on the branchial region, and with numerous, stiff, long,
club-like setae. The frontal margin is approximately equal to one-
third of the greatest body width and is divided into two pairs of lobes,
the very wide, submedian pair which are separated from each other
by a deep, narrow channel and have about six, stout, blunt conical
teeth or spines on the frontal margin of each lobe. The smaller, outer
pair of lobes are narrow and separated from the inner pair by a deep
sinus and consist of two conical teeth; this outer lobe is separated
from the preorbital spine by a V-shaped sinus. The preorbital spine
is a sharp, conical tooth ; the superior orbital margin is armed with
about eight irregular teeth, the postorbital spine is acute ; the inferior
orbital margin is armed with 8 or 9 coarse, sharp teeth which are
visible dorsally ; the three nearest the inferior inner orbital angle are
especially large and prominent and protruding and have several
coarse, spine-like granules on their outer basal surface. The antero-
lateral margin is armed with four primary teeth; of these, the first,
or preorbital tooth, is bifid, consisting of two conical spines separated
by a wide U-shaped sinus ; the second tooth is well separated from the
first and is trifid, consisting of a large, forward-curved tooth which
has a secondarj^ tooth on its anterior margin, also one on its posterior
margin, also a denticle-like tubercle at its posterior base; the third
tooth consists of a strong, forward-curved spine which has one to
three regularly placed tubercles on its proximal margins. The fourth
lateral spine is well separated from the third, which it closely re-
sembles. The postlateral margins are convergent ; the posterior mar-
gin is keeled. The urogastric and cervical grooves are deeplj^ im-
pressed; another groove extends back in the median line from the
frontal margin onto the gastric region and bifurcates, uniting with the
cervical groove. A groove circumscribes the orbit. The pterygostom-
ian region is granulate ; there is a prominent subhepatic, bifid tubercle.
The male abdominal belt is narrow, seven-segmented.

The antennulae have the basal article greatly enlarged; the free
articles fold transversely, a little obliquely within the fossett.

136 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Yol. II

The antennae has the basal article fitted within the infra-orbital
sinus, the tapering flagellum being scarcely equal in width to the long
diameter of the orbit.

The external maxillipeds have the exognath extending to the distal
angle of the merus ; the ischium is rectangular with the distal margin
slightly sinuate, a longitudinal groove on its outer face ; the merus is
about half as long as the ischium, with the inner distal margin slightly
produced; the distal angle truncated for the reception of the palp,
the inner lateral margin a little oblique.

The eye has a short, stocky stalk, constricted medially; the cornea
is small, terminal.

The chelipeds are decidedly unequal in the male; the merus has a
decided transverse groove subdistally on the upper surface ; its upper
lateral margin is granulate proximally, dentate distally, an acute sub-
distal and a distal tooth ; the carpus is large, round, convex, the upper
surface covered with sharp spines, an especially long one occurring at
the inner lateral angle. The large cheliped has the palm one and one-
half times as high as that of the smaller cheliped ; both palms have the
upper and outer surface moderately convex and covered with approxi-
mately longitudinal rows of denticle-like tubercles, those along the
upper margin being quite sharp, while the lower ones are more
rounded. A few denticles occur on the base of the upper fingers. The
fingers are deep brownish-black, the color not extending upon the palm.
Each finger has three or four large teeth; the fingers fit closely with
down-curved tips.

The ambulatories are moderately stout, the last pair much shorter
than the other three pairs. The distal part of the meral, the carpal
and the proximal part of the propodal joints are set with a row of
sharp spines, the dactyli are long, slender, sharp-tipped. All of the
ambulatories are covered with long, stiff, ocher-j^ellow setae.

Synonymy. — Pilunmus agassizii Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 2, p. 142.

Lobopilumnus agassizii A. Milne Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex., vol. 5, p.
298, pi. 52, fig. 4, 1880.— Rankin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 12,
p. 529, 1900.

For the subspecies, L. agassizii var. hermudensis Rathbun, and syn-
onymy, see Boone, Bull. Bingham Oceanog. Coll., vol. 1, art. 2,
p. 23, 1927.

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. IT

Plate 44.

A. — Micropanope spinipes A. Milne Echvards, x 5, West Indies. B. — Piluninus
spinifer A. Milne Edwards, x 5, Mediterranean Sea.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "EagW and ''Ara," 1921-28 137

Genus : MICEOPANOPE A. Milne Edwards.
Micropanope spinipes A. Milne Edwards.

Plate 44, fig. A.

Diagnostic characters: Anterolateral margins armed with four
acute, spine-like teeth, frontal margin more than half the width of the
carapace; chelipeds unequal in the male; carpus entirely and the
proximal upper diagonal half of the outer face of the palm set with
rows of sharp spines; lower outer diagonal half of palm smooth.
Small cheliped with outer face of palm entirely covered with longi-
tudinal rows of sharp spine. Brown coloration of fingers not extend-
ing upon the palm.

Type: The "Hassler" Expedition secured the type, a female, at
Abrolhos Islands, Brazil, in 30 fms. It is deposited in the Paris
Museum.

Distribution : A rather rare species known from Abrolhos Islands,
Brazil, and two specimens taken in Bermuda. The ''Ara" material
establishes the first Cuban record of the species.

Material examined: Five specimens from Cualo Reales Channel,
Cuba, February 18, 1923, collected by the ''Ara," WiUiam K. Vander-
bilt, commanding.

Technical description: Carapace 7 mm. long, 10 mm. maximum
length; frontal margin 5 mm. wide, incised in the median line and
armed with spines along the margin. Carapace roughly hexagonal,
decidedly convex longitudinally, a distinct groove running back from
the median front onto the gastric region ; urogastric line deep, a short
longitudinal groove at either end of it. Anterior three-fourths of the
carapace bristling with long, stiff setae, as are also the chelipeds and
ambulatories. Posterior fourth of carapace relatively smooth, punc-
tate. The frontal margin is armed with eight or ten spines; the
superior orbital margin is armed with a row of sharp spines; the in-
ferior orbital margin is also set with a row of sharp spines; several
of which show in a dorsal view. The anterolateral margin is armed
with four acute, slightly forward-directed, widely spaced, horn-color
spines, including the postorbital spine. The posterolateral margins
are longer than the anterolateral, and converge posteriorly; the pos-
terior margin is wide and slightly convex. The male abdominal belt

138 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

is seven-segmented, narrow, the tip triangulate. The female is seven-
segmented, wide, oval. One female is carrying about 300 eggs.

The eyestalli is stocky with a tongue-like projection on the upper
surface of the cornea and tufted with setae ; the cornea is set obliquely
at the end of the stalk and is slightly larger than the stalk.

The antennulae and antennae offer no specific characters.

The male chelipeds are markedly unequal, the larger one having the
palm one and one-half times as high as the smaller. Each has the
merus three-sided, closely appressed to the body, its distal end armed
with two or three spines and scarcely visible beyond the carapace ; the
carpus is large convex dorsally, with a blunt inner lateral angle, the
upper surface covered with coarse spines ; the outer and upper surface
of the palm of the small cheliped is covered with longitudinal rows of
acute spines, a few of these smaller spines occur on the base of the
upper finger. The palm of the large cheliped is armed on its upper
and proximal half with rows of spines ; these rows shorten diagonally,
the distal lower diagonal half of the palm being smooth. The fingers
are dark brown, the color not extending upon the palm; slightly
deflected; the proximal finger stouter than the upper finger, which
is more curved, both dentate ; the fingers of the smaller chelipeds meet-
ing along the cutting edge, those of the larger claw with an elliptical
gape, only the tips meeting. The female chelipeds are also decidedly
unequal.

The ambulatories are rather slender, with the meral, carpal and
propodal joints setose and spinulose on the anterolateral margins ; the
dactyli are long, subcylindrical, with very acuminate tips.

Synonymy. — Micropanope spinipes A. Milne Edwards, Miss. Sci.
Mex., t. V, part 1, p. 326, pi. 54, figs. 3-3c, 1879 ; Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. 8, p. 13, 1880. — ^A. Milne Edwaeds and Bouvier, Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 323, 1923.

Pilumnus spinipes Rathbun, Bull. Labr. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, vol.

4, p. 264, 1898. — ^Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol.

5, p. 577 ; ibid., vol. 13, p. 361, text fig. 20, pi. 26, fig. 1, 1908.

Pilumnus andrewsi Rathbun, Bull. Labr. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa,
vol. 4, p. 266, pi. 5, fig. 2, 1898 ; Proc. Wash. Sci., vol. 2, p. 139,
1900 ; Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, natura artis magistra te Am-
sterdam, 23E Afl., p. 16, 1924.

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 45.

Piliimnus brasiliensis Miers, x 4.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 139

Genus: PILUMNUS Leach.
Pilumnus brasiliensis Mieis.

Plate 45.

Type: A female taken by the "Challenger," near Bahia, Brazil, in
7 to 20 fms., and deposited in the British Museum.

Distribution: Eare. Brazil; Porto Rico, at four "Fish Hawk"
stations off Vieques, 6 to 16 fms., off Culebra, 16 fms. ; Haiti.

Material examined: One female taken at Carenge Bay, Le Mole,
Haiti, February 4, 1924.

Technical description: Carapace moderately convex longitudi-
nally, 15 mm. long in the median line, 20 mm. maximum width; the
frontal margin is slightly more than one-third of the carapace total
width, consisting of a pair of wide, slightly rounded denticulated sub-
median lobes, separated by a shallow sulcus, from which there runs
back on the carapace a median groove. The preorbital angle is rep-
resented by a well-defined tooth; the superior orbital margin is un-
evenly denticulated or spinose. There is a sharp, acute tooth at the
postorbital angle. The anterolateral margin bears three acute, for-
ward-directed teeth in addition to the postorbital tooth. The regions
of the carapace are well defined, especially the urogastric line. The
dorsal surface of the carapace is microscopically granulate and is cov-
ered with stiff, short setae. The posterior margin of the carapace is
marked by a flat carina. The female belt is wide, oval, ciliated along
the margins.

The eye has a rather long, granular, calcareous stalk which has a
tongue-like projection on the dorsal surface of the cornea; the latter
is large, spherical, black, terminal.

The chelipeds are moderately unequal in the female, the left being
the larger ; the merus is decidedly trigonal, spinulose along the lateral
margins, with a distinct sharp tooth at the upper distal angle; the
carpus has the convex upper surface covered with sharp spines inter-
spersed with coarse granules and stiff setae; the palm is moderately
convex on the outer surface, about three-fifths as high as long, and
covered with coarse spines arranged in longitudinal rows, granules
and setae as on the carpus; along the upper lateral margin of the
palm the spines are larger. The fingers have deep setose grooves be-
tween the longitudinal ridges which latter are granulose.

140 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The ambulatories are long, well-developed, slightly granulose, setose
along the lateral margins, the daetyli long, slender, with a horny tip.
Synonymy. — Pilumnus irasiliensis Miers, Kept. Voy. "Challenger"

Zool., vol. 17, p. 15, pi. 13, fig. 2, 1886.— Rathbun, Bull. U. S.

Nat. Mus., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 40, 1901.

Pilumnus spinifer H. Milne Edwards.
Plate 44, fig. B.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace nearly as long as wide ; frontal
margin wide ; anterolateral margin armed with five sharp spines, both
orbital margins spinose. Chelipeds unequal in both sexes ; the carpus
entirely and the upper three-fourths of the outer face of the palm set
with long, sharp spines, approximately set in rows and those on the
upper margin much longer than those lower down. Smaller cheliped
with entire outer face of palm bristling with sharp spines and setae ;
fingers strongly grooved.

Type: Collected in the Mediterranean and deposited in the Paris
Museum.

Distribution : Mediterranean Sea but not the Adriatic ; also found
on the coasts of North Africa.

Material examined : One specimen dredged in 100 fms., 9^/2 uiiles
E. by S., 1/2 S. from Cape Bon Tunis, North Africa, January 19, 1927,
by the ''Ara."

Technical description : Carapace 10 mm. long, 12.6 mm. maximum
width ; frontal margin 5 mm. wide ; incised in the median line, spinu-
lose along the margin. Inferior and superior orbital margins set with
sharp spines; subhepatic region also with the small spines below the
anterolateral spines. Anterolateral spines five, all very long and
acuminate, the third and fourth spines being slightly longer than the
second and fifth spines. Carapace decidedly convex, especially on the
anterior half; delineation of the regions obscure; upper surface
thickly set with long, apparently hollow, stiff, red-brown setae, as are
also the chelipeds and ambulatories. The female abdominal belt is
seven-segmented, widely oval, heavily fringed with setae along the
lateral margin.

The eyestalk is stocky, calcareous ; the cornea terminal, large spher-
ical.

The antennulae and antennae afford no specific characters.
The chelipeds are markedly unequal in both sexes ; the merus short,
trigonal, the upper and lower lateral margins spinose ; the carpus is

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 46.

A. — Pilumnus floridanus Stimpson, x 4.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 141

convex and entirely covered on the upper surface with long, acute
spines, interspersed with stiff setae; the larger palm is moderately
convex on the outer surface, widest at the base of the fingers and
covered on the upper two-thirds of the outer face with spines, larger
on the upper margin and dwindling in size below. These rows of spines
taper off diagonally toward the base of the propodus, the lower part
of the palm being smooth ; on the smaller palm the entire outer surface
is covered with spines. The propodal fingers are thick, grooved longi-
tudinally and the smaller one armed proximally with spinules, the
cutting edge of each with four strong teeth. The hinged fingers are
more curved, each with many spinules proximally; the tips of the
fingers acute.

The ambulatories are long, slender, very hairy along the lateral mar-
gins; the anterior distal angle of each the meral and carpal joints
armed with an acute spine ; the dactyli long, acuminate tipped.
Synony.aiy. — Pilumnus spinifer H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust.,

vol. 1, p. 420, 1834.— Lucas, Explor. Sci. de I'Algerie, Zool., vol.

1, p. 12, 1849. — Heller, Die Crustaceen des Sudlichen Europa,

p. 73, 1863, Wien.

Pilumnus floridanus Stimpson.

Plate 46.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace narrower than that of the nearly
related species, P. aculeatus.

Type: The type was found at the Tortugas by the "BlaJce" Expe-
dition and was deposited in the U. S. National Museum, but is prob-
ably destroyed.

Distribution: A reef dweller from the Bahama Banks and Tor-
tugas southward to Curagao. The "Ara" material appears to be the
first record of the species from Cuba.

Material examined : One specimen dredged in 3 fms., Cape Cruz,
Cuba, February 11, 1924.

Technical description: Carapace but little convex, 8 mm. long,
10 mm. wide, frontal margin 6 mm. wide, without dentition, slightly
incised in the median line; a wide, prominent, convex lobe on either
side of this incision; outer half of the superior orbital margin with
three spine-like teeth, inferior orbital margin with eight or nine well-
developed teeth, the two nearest the infra-orbital angle being the most
prominent. The anterolateral margin is short and is armed with four

142 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

subequal and subequally spaced, acuminate, up-pointing teeth, includ-
ing the postorbital tooth. The postlateral margins are one and one-
half times as long as the anterolateral and are abruptly convergent.
The posterior margin is straight, about as wide as the interorbital
region. There is a strong fringe of clavate setae across the frontal
margin, almost obscuring it. There are also numerous other spinose
and clavate setae on the anterior half of the carapace and a few
shorter ones on the posterior half. The urogastric, cervical and median
frontal grooves are but slightly defined. There is a weakly developed
subhepatic tubercle and the pterygostomian region is smooth, tumid.
The female abdominal belt is oval, seven-segmented, heavily fringed
on the lateral margins with setae. The specimen under discussion
carries about 500 eggs.

The antennulae have a large basal article and the two free articles
are clavate, folding transversely beneath the frontal border.

The antennae have the fused basal article in the infra-orbital sinus,
its inner distal angle touching the down-bent point of the frontal mar-
gin ; the second and third peduncular articles are small, the multiarticu-
late antennae is slightly longer than the long diameter of the orbit.

The eyestalk is of moderate size, slightly constricted on the outer
face, produced distally on the dorsal surface, projecting above the
cornea ; the latter is deep brown, subspherical.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium rectangular, its distal
margin slightly sinuate ; the merus squarish, with its outer distal angle
truncated for the reception of the palp.

The chelipeds are decidedly unequal in both sexes; the merus is
short, its upper margin granulose; the carpus is elongate, convex on
the upper surface and covered with sharp spines one of which accen-
tuates the inner angle ; the propodus of the small claw has the entire
upper and outer surface covered with rows of spine-like tubercles ; the
large palm also has these tubercles on the upper and outer two-thirds,
but on the proximal third of the outer face they become obsolete, it
being smooth. The fingers are deep brown, the color not extending
upon the palm. The upper finger of the large palm has a few spinose
tubercles on the proximal part of the upper surface ; it is more slender
and curved than the lower finger, which is stocky ; both are set with
large teeth.

The ambulatories are slender, the carpal and propodal joint are
spinose on the upper lateral margin; the distal end of the propodus
is produced laterally, reinforcing the dactyl joint; the dactyli are

Bulletin, Yaxderbilt Marine Museum, Vol II

Plate 47

A. — Eriphia sqiiantafa Stinipson. B. — Eriphia gonagra Fabr. (Natural size.)

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 143

very long, acuminate. Both chelipeds and ambulatories are fur-
nished with many long,, dense setae.

Synonymy. — Pilumnus floridanus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 2, p. 141, 1870. — MiERS, ''Challenger" Zool., Brachyura, vol.
17, p. 152, pi. 13, fig. 3a to d, 1886.— Rathbun, Ann. Inst. Ja-
maica, vol. 1, No. 1, p. 16, 1897 ; Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 139, 1900 ;
U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, part 2, p. 40, 1901 ; Univ. Iowa Studies
Nat. Hist., vol. 7, No. 5, p. 74, 1921; A. Milne Edwards and
BouviER, E. L., Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 322, 1923.

Subfamily: Eriphiinae.

Genus : ERIPHIA Latreille.
EripMa squamata Stimpson.

Plate 47, fig. A.

Type: Obtained at Mazatlan, Mexico, and deposited in the
* * Museum of the Smithsonian Institution ' ' ; specimen no longer extant.

Diagnostic characters: There are three American species of
Eriphia, E. gonagra Fabricius, the West Indian species, which E.
squamata closely resembles in all the major characters but differs from
in having the carapace ornamented anteriorly with coarse squamous,
scale-like tubercles which in some places simulate rugae ; each tubercle
is ringed basally with a fringe of setae. The chelipeds are conspicu-
ously unequal, with the large, scale-like tubercles of the wrist and
hand squamous and each tubercle ringed anteriorly or completely with
setae. The third species, E. granulosa A. Milne Edwards is also a
west coast American species and was created by Prof. A. Milne Ed-
wards on a single specimen believed to be from Chile. The principal
diagnostic characters given for this species are that the granular
tubercles of the gastric of granulosa are separate, not arranged in
rows, and that the placement of the tubercles on the wrist and hand
is distinctive, these tubercles being longitudinally elongated on the
carpus. This character is so slight and so variable that at best E.
granulosa should be regarded as a subspecies of E. squamata.

Distribution : Known as a reef-dwelling species from Lower Cali-
fornia, at Cape St. Lucas, southward to Peru; also one record from
Chile.

Material examined: One female, Canos Island, Costa Rica.

Color : Dark plum purple with a reddish cast, in living specimens.

Technical description : Carapace wide anteriorly ; the regions dis-
tinctly indicated by sulci ; the interorbital space is truncate anteriorly,

144 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

divided into two major lobes; a deep median longitudinal sulcus ex-
tending baclc onto the gastric region. The anterolateral margin is
convex, six acute teeth (more rarely seven or even eight). The first
pair of male appendages are well developed rods with a stout blunt
tip. The second pair of appendages are nearly as long as the first
pair, very slender, with the distal end forming one and one-half to
two coils of a spiral.

Synonymy. — Eriphia squamata Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
vol. VII, p. 56, 1859 ; S. I. Smith, Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci., p.
90, 1869 ; A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg Mex., p. 339, pi. 56, fig.
3, 1880 ; Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 544, pi. 41,
fig. 1, 1910; Boone, Zoologica, N. Y. Zool. VIII, No. 4, p. 231,
figs. 85A and B ; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. LVIII, p. 575,
fig. 12 a and b, 1929.

EripMa gonagra (Fabricius).

Plate 47, fig. B.

Type: Collected in Jamaica and originally deposited in the ''Mus.
Dom. Banks."

Distribution : West Indian region ; littoral.

Material examined : One young female. Port Antonio, Jamaica, 2
fms., February 17, 1926, collected by the "Ara."

Color: Body dark wine red, the frontal margin and anterolateral
spines yellow ; tubercles on the upper part of the chelae violet, yellow
on the lower half.

Technical description : The '' Ara" specimen is no larger than an
average size Pilumnus, scarcely more than a quarter of an inch wide,
yet it bears in miniature all the characters of the species and appar-
ently is the smallest egg-bearing female of the species recorded to date.

Carapace three-fourths as long as wide, frontal region wide, four-
lobed, the submedian lobes being much wider than the outer pair.
The anterolateral margin is rounded, armed with six acute forward-
directed spines. The areolations of the carapace are well defined.
There is an irregular row of coarse tubercles on the hepatic region
behind the marginal anterolateral spines and running inward behind
the orbital region and across the gastric region, where the tubercles
are smaller. The postlateral half of the carapace is smooth ; the post-

Bulletin, Yanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. IT

Plate 48.

Eriphides hispida (Stimpson), natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 145

lateral margins decidedly convergent. The chelipeds are unequal, the
right one usually the larger ; both have the palm covered on the upper
and outer surfaces, except the extreme lower margin, with rows of
coarse, rounded tubercles. The fingers are blackish-brown, lightly
grooved ; the upper right finger has a large, sub-basal molar ; the lower
finger has two or three large teeth. The ambulatories are stocky, with
sharp nails.
Synonymy. — Cancer gonagra Fabricius, Suppl. Entom. Syst, p. 337,

1798.
Eriphia gonagra H. Milne Edw^ards, Hist. Nat. Crust., t. I, p. 337,
1798.— Ann. Sci. Nat. 3 serie, t. XVI, 1851, pi. 8, fig. 10.— White.
List Crust, Brit. Museum, p. 22, 184. — Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc.
Adv. Sci., Ill, p. 177, 1850.— Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. Crust.,
vol. 13, p. 250, 1852.— Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol.
7, p. 217, 186. — Heller, Reise Fregatta Novara, p. 24, 1865. —
Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, p. 26, 18. — S. I.
Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, p. 7, 1869. —
Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1878, p. 397.— A.
Milne Edvstards, Miss Sci. Mex., t. V, p. 238, pi. 56, figs. 4-4b,
1880. — Miers, Brachyura, Report Voy. "Challenger," Zool., vol.
17, p. 163, 1888.— Rankin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, p. 527,
1889. — M. J. Rathbun, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 141,
1900 ; Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 42, 1901.

Genus: EEIPHIDES Rathbun.
Eriphides hispida (Stimpson).
Plate 48.
Name: Purple bristle crab.

Diagnostic characters: Carapace and legs purplish, covered
everywhere with coarse, short, stiff, black setae, which usually arise
from tubercles.

Type: Prof. Stimpson 's type, which he states was deposited in the
** Museum of the Smithsonian Institution," was found on the west
coast of Central America by Capt. J. M. Dow.

Distribution: Central America, Panama and the Galapagos
Islands.

■

Material examined: One male from Webb Cove, Hood Island,
Galapagos, March, 1928; one pair of claws from the same locality,
February 5, 1928; one larger, egg-laden female from Indefatigable

146 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Island, Conway Bay, Galapagos Islands, March 11, 1926, collected by
the "Ara," William K. Vanderhilt, commanding.

Color : Deep purplish beneath the black setae.

Technical description : Carapace oval, four-fifths as wide as long,
interorbital border nearly four-fifths of total width of carapace. Cara-
pace broader through the anterior two-thirds, decidedly narrower
posteriorly ; rather flattish, with the frontal border somewhat deflexed ;
aerolations only faintly indicated. Carapace covered with low squam-
ous tubercles, which are larger and more abundant toward the anterior
region. Each tubercle is fringed anteriorly with short, stiff setae, and
the posterior part of the carapace also has bristly setae between the
tubercles ; the frontal border is bilobed in the median region, a deep
sulcus running back from this median sinus onto the gastric region;
the frontal margin is irregularly set with uneven, denticle-like tu-
bercles. Just below these the pterygostomian region is also tubercu-
late. There are six teeth (including the postorbital tooth) on the
anterolateral margin, the first four are large and are bi- or triden-
tate, the posterior two are smaller and acute. The superior orbital
margin is set with denticles; the inferior orbital margin is also den-
ticulate and has a deep hiatus near the external angle. The male
abdominal belt is narrow, seven-segmented, with the distal segment
triangulate. The female belt is also seven-segmented, oval, narrow,
proximally, wider throughout the distal half. The eyestalk is bulbous
basally, constricted abruptly below the cornea and thence tapering.
The cornea is small and set obliquely at the end. The inner antennae
are small and fold transversely within the septum.

The external maxillipeds are squarish and close the buccal cavern
tightly except the aperture of the efferent channel, and a very narrow
space between the ischia, which latter is covered by a sieve-like setae.
The exognath is elongate and bears a tooth-like projection on its inner
distal margin and a slender palp which arises from its distal end;
the ischium is subrectangular and is traversed on its outer surface by
a longitudinal depression and is denticulate on its inner margin; the
merus is about one-half as long as the ischium, is trapezoidal, with a
slight emargination below the efferent aperture; the palp arises just
inside this emargination and the inner distal angle of the merus is
angulated beneath the palp. The palp is rather fleshy, three-jointed.

The chelipeds are conspicuously unequal in both sexes, but this in-
equality is more pronounced in the male. The three basal joints are

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 147

small but strong ; the merus is compressed and appears to be smaller
than the carpus ; there is a decided, transverse, subdistal constriction
on the upper, outer and inner faces of the merus ; the carpus is convex
on its outer surface, dilated distally and in the small cheliped is about
as large and more swollen than the palm of the propodus, while the
carpus of the large cheliped is almost as large as that of the propodus.
The upper surface of the merus is finely tuberculate and covered with
short, stiff bristles; that of the carpus is coarsely tuberculate, rugose
and bristle-clad. The propodus of the great chela is about twice as
long as the carpus, the fingers comprising approximately one-half of
this length ; the palm is quite as high as the carapace and convex ; the
upper surface is coarsely and rather thickly tuberculate as is also the
upper half of the outer surface, the tubercles vanishing along a diag-
onal line extending from the base of the hinged finger to the lower
basal margin ; the remaining lower outer surface of the palm is devoid
of bristles and is covered with low, flat, scale-like tubercles. On the
small chela the entire outer surface of the propodus is covered with
bristles and tubercles. The fingers are purplish-black, those of the
large chela are widely gaping, except at the tip; the propodal finger
is stout and bears one large median tooth ; the hinged finger is longer
and curved and bears a small sub-basal tooth ; the fingers of the small
cheliped are spoon-shaped at the tip and meet for the greater part of
their inner faces, there being only a small gape basally and no teeth.
The female chelipeds are ornamented similar to those of the males.
The great chela of the male projects conspicuously beyond the cara-
pace, its width at the wrist being almost equal to one-half of the width
of the carapace.

The four pairs of ambulatory legs are similar in structure, stout,
strong, with the upper, outer and, in a less degree, the lower surfaces
densely covered with short, stiff bristles. The first and second pairs
are subequal in length, the third pair is a little shorter, reaching to
not quite midway the dactyl of the second leg ; the fourth pair of legs
are conspicuously shorter, reaching only midway the propodus of
the third pair. All four pairs of legs have the meral joint long, wide
and flattened with a transverse subdistal constriction and the upper
margin finely denticulate ; the carpal joint is narrow proximally, wider
distally and about as long and thick as the propodal joint ; the latter
narrows slightly distally and is stout and convex outwardly; the
dactyli are about three-fourths as long as the propodi and are very
strong, cylindrical, curved, terminating in a strong, horny spine.

148 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Synonymy. — Eriphia hispida Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New
York, vol. 7, p. 218, 1860.

Pseuderiphia hispida A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 340,
pi. 56, fig. 1, 1880.

Eriphides hispida Rathbun, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 586,
1910 ; Proc. Wash. Acad. Sei., vol. 4, No. 8, p. 282, 1902 ; Zoologica,
N. Y. Zool. Soc., vol. 5, No. 14, p. 158, 1924.— Boone, Zoologica,
N. Y. Zool. Soc., vol. 8, No. 4, p. 236, fig. 87A and 87B, 1927.

Family: CANCRIDAE.

Subfamily: Cancrinae.

Genus: CANCER Linnaeus, 1758.
Cancer borealis Stimpson.

Plate 49.

Names : Jonah crab ; northern rock crab.

Diagnostic characters : Margins of anterolateral teeth of carapace
denticulate.

Type : Prof. Stimpson states of his type : * ' It is a northern species
not found south of Cape Cod, although extending to the northward
at least as far as Nova Scotia,"

Distribution: This species has been taken in both shallow and
deep water but is more frequently found in great depths. It is rather
a rare species and is often confused with the closely related but much
more abundant Cancer amaenus Herbst. The established records give
it a range from Nova Scotia to the West Indies, but it is more often
found in the northern fauna than in the southern.

Material examined : One very large male dredged in 1100 fathoms,
off Miami, Florida, March 3, 1926, with a species of rare deep-sea
barnacle, Poecilasma inequilaterale Pilsbry, on the crab's back and
cheliped.

Color : Carapace yellowish beneath, brick-red above. Legs mottled
and reticulated brick-red and yellowish, shaded with purplish tints.

Habits : Professor Sydney I. Smith states that there is a very pro-
nounced difference in habits between Cancer horealis and C. amaenus,
the former usually remaining exposed while the latter conceals itself
under rocks.

C5
H

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 149

Technical DESCRiPiioisr : Carapace suboval, frontal and anterolat-
eral margins broadly rounded ; postlateral margins arcuate, converg-
ing with lateral border reflexed as a carina. Frontal border produced
slightly beyond the internal orbital teeth, consisting of a longer, de-
pressed, median tooth and a pair of slightly broader, rounded, sub-
median teeth. The orbit is subcircular, suborbital lobe decidedly
produced ; two narrow fissures above and two below ; the anterolateral
border is divided into nine subquadrangular, crenate teeth, the mar-
gins of which are minutely denticulate. Surface of carapace finely
granulate; mesogastric-cardiac regions moderately delineated by de-
pressions. Under sides of carapace moderately hairy, especially the
regions adjacent to the basal half of the legs. The male abdomen is
seven-segmented.

The female abdomen consists of seven segments, the sixth and sev-
enth respectively being nearly twice as long as any of the preceding ;
margins of all segments fringed with short setae. Eyestalks bulbous ;
cornea smaller, shining black. Antennules robust, basal joint broad,
second and third joints cylindrical, subequal; flagellum insignificant.
Antennae with basal joint moderately expanded, remaining articles
slender, tapering.

Chelipeds subequally enlarged in the male, approximately equal in
the female; when relaxed, extending only a trifle beyond the end of
the carapace and with the upper margin of the crest of the propodal
joint on a plane with the frontal margin. Basis stout, ischium small,
almost fused with the long, transversely triangulate merus which is
rounded on its outer ventral, and rather sharply carinated its inner
and upper longitudinal margins, and also bears a sharp tooth on the
latter near the apex, and another tooth at the distal apex. There is a
deep groove on each the outer and inner surfaces of the merus par-
alleling the distal margin and near to it. The carpus is convex on its
outer side, finely granulate and produced on its upper distal margin
to a tooth-like apex, below which there is a less prominent tooth ; the
propodus is robust, smooth on its inner surface, convex on the outer
surface which bears seven longitudinal carinae; the upper three
carinae are set with finely spinous tubercles ; the lower three carinae
are continued onto the propodal finger, which is stout and armed with
seven substantial teeth. The dactylus is stouter basally than the pro-
podal finger and has its inner margin armed with six teeth and its
outer margin rounded and finely spinulose. The tips of both fingers

150 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

are tipped with slaty black ; the cutting edges of the fingers fit closely
upon each other.

The ambulatory legs are similar, slender, subequal, compressed,
tapering to acuminate dactyli ; basal joints somewhat hairy ; the upper
longitudinal margin of merus in older specimens usually spinulose.
The last pair of legs is somewhat smaller than the preceding pairs.

Synonymy. — Cancer horealis Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
vol. 7, p. 50, 1859.— S. I. Smith, Kept. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 1,
p. 546, 1871-1872 (issued 1873).— Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., p. 317, 1878.— S. I. Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 5,
p. 417, 1880 (issued 1881) ; Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol. 10, p. 5,
1882; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 6, p. 15, 1883.— Kingsley,
Standard Nat. Hist., vol. 11, p. 62, 1884.— Miers, Kept. ''Chal-
lenger" Zool., vol. 17, Brachyura, p. 110, 1886. — S. I. Smith,
Kept. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 13, p. 629, 1885 (issued 1887).—
Stebbing, Hist, of Kecent Crust. (Internat. Sci. Ser.), vol. 74, p.
59, 1893.— Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol. 18, p. 16, 1895.—
M. J. Kathbun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 134. 1900. — Howe, Bull.
U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 9, p. 240, 1899 (issued 1901).— Paulmier,
58th Ann. Kept. N. Y. State Museum, p. 139, text fig., 1904
(issued 1905). — M. J. Kathbun, Occas. Papers Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 7, p. 10, 1905.— A. G. Mayer, Seashore Life, p. 104, fig.
71, 1906.— Fowler, Kept. N. J. State Museum, p. 426, pi. 133,
1911 (issued 1912). — Sumner, Osburn and Cole, Bull, U. S. Bur.
Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 672, 1911 (issued 1913).— W. P. Hay, BuU.
U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 35, No. 859, p. 434, pi. 35, fig. 2, 1918.

Cancer irroratus (in part) Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 1,
pt. 1, p. 59, 1817.

Platycarcinus irroratus De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Crust., vol. 6, p. 6,
1844, nee. pi. 2, fig. 2. — Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol.
3, p. 176,1850 (issued 1851).

Cancer amaenus Herbst.

Plate 50.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace with nine teeth, which have the
margins granulate, not denticulate as in horealis; the suture lines be-
tween the teeth are continued onto the carapace as short, closed fis-
sures. Color in life yellowish, finely maculated with dark purplish-
brown.

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Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 151

Type: Herbst's type. was without locality, from the collection of
Bar. de Block. Say's type was a comparatively young specimen, 2.3
inches wide, without specific locality. He states that ' ' the crabs ap-
pear to delight in deep water and are eaten by the black fish and sea
bass, being often found entire in their stomachs."

Distribution : Known from Nova Scotia to New Jersey as an abun-
dant species and known more sparsely, usually from deep water, as
far south as Beaufort, N. C.

Material examined: Eight specimens dredged in the upper end
of Whitehaven Harbor, Nova Scotia, September, 1926.

Color : This species is yellowish on the dorsal surface with numer-
ous small, purplish spots. The underparts are deep cream color.

Technical description : Carapace about two-thirds as long as wide,
transversely oblong-ovate, with the ninth or lateral tooth sharply
angulated ; the frontal border is narrowed, trilobed, the median tooth
being smaller and slightly in advance of the broad, rounded, submedian
pair of teeth which in turn are separated from the narrower, rounded,
preorbital tooth by a V-shaped notch. The superior orbital margin
bears two closed sinuses. The inferior inner orbital tooth is prominent
and well developed. The anterolateral margin is cut into nine teeth,
including the postorbital tooth; the suture line between the teeth is
continued for a short distance onto the carapace, thus more sharply
defining the teeth and giving the posterior three, which are triangu-
late-tipped, a pentagonal effect. The other teeth are rather bluntly
truncated. All nine teeth have the margins granulated, not denticu-
late as in C. lorealis. The postlateral margins are convergent with
the posterior, and all have a sharply defined, granulose carina. The
dorsal surface of the carapace is granulose and pitted, moderately
convex, with the regions well defined, the urogastric sulcus deep.

The chelipeds are subequally enlarged in the male, approximately
equal in the female ; of moderate size, distinctly shorter than the first
pair of ambulatories ; the merus does not extend beyond the carapace ;
the carpus is granulated, convex, with several granulose carinae and
an acute tooth at the inner lateral angle ; the propodus has the palm
slightly longer than the carpus and rather thick, with the inner face
smooth and the outer face with four or five granulate carinae, tlie
upper most of which is cristate, while two others are continuous onto'
the finger. The fingers are approximately as long as the propodus;
the upper finger is a bit thicker than the lower and has the tip down-
curved ; there are two or three teeth on the cutting edge.

152 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The ambulatories are long and rather strong ; the nieral joint of the
first and second pairs extend beyond the carapace; the carpal and
propodal joints are short, subequal, stout; the dactyl is acuminate
with a median longitudinal groove on the lateral faces ; there is a fine
short fringe of setae on the lateral margins of the meral, carpal, pro-
podal and dactylar joints.

Synonymy. — Cancer amaenus Herbst, Naturgh., Krabben und
Krebse, vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 64, pi. 49, fig. 3, 1799.— S. I. Smith,
Kept. U. S. Fish. Comm. for 1885, p. 630, issued 1886.— Whit-
eaves, Catal. Marine Invert. Eastern Canada, publ. in Geol. Surv.
of Canada, 1901, p. 261.

Cancer irroratus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 1, pt. 1, p.
59, pi. 4, fig. 2, 1817.— S. I. Smith, Kept. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol.
1, 1871-72, p. 546, issued 1873.— Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1878, p. 546. — S. I. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and
Sci., vol. V, p. 38, 1879.— Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
1879, p. 39.— S. I. Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. VI, p. 15
1883.— Kingsley, Standard Nat. Hist., vol. II, p. 62, 1884.— R
Rathbun, Rept. Fisheries Industry U. S., vol. 1, p. 766, pi. 260
figs. 1-3, 1884.— MiERS, Rept. Voy. ''Challenger" Zool., vol. 17, p
110, 1886.— S. I. Smith, Rept. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 13, p. 630
1885, issued 1887.— Leidy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1888, p
333. — Heilprin, Ann. Life of Our Seashore, p. 85, pi. 6, fig. 1
1888.— Stebbing, Hist. Recent Crust. (Int. Sci. Ser. LXXIV), p
58, 1893.— M. J. Rathbun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 134, 1900
Occas. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, p. 9, 1905. — Paul-
mier, 58th Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Mus., vol. 4, 1904, p. 139, fig.
issued 1905.— Mayer, Seashore Life, p. 102, fig. 71, 1906.—
Fowler, Rept. New Jersey State Museum, 1911, p. 430, pis. 134
and 135, issued 1912. — Bouvier, Results Sci. Campagne du Prince
Monaco, Fasc. LXII, p. 60. — Sumner, et al.. Bull. U. S. Bur.
Fish., vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 671, 1918.— Hay and Shore, Bull. U. S.
Fish. Comm., vol. 35, p. 435, pi. 35, fig. 1, 1918.

Platycarcinus irroratus H. Milne Edwards, vol. 1, p. 414, 1834. —
De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Crust., vol. 6, p. 7, 1844. — Gibbes, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850, p. 24. — Leidy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. (2), vol. 3, p. 149, 1855.— Vereill, Rept. U. S. Fish.
Comm., vol. 1, 1871-72, p. 312 and p. 530, pi. 8, fig. 37, issued 1873.

Cancer sayi DeKay, I.e., p. 7. — Leidy, I.e., p. 150.

H
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I— I

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 153

Family: PORTUNIDAE.

Genus: BATHYNECTES Stimpson.
Bathynectes longipes (Eisso).

Plate 51.

Type: Risso described this species in his report on the Crustacea
of Nice, without citing specific locality.

Distribution: Mediterranean Sea and adjacent shores of the His-
panic Peninsula, also the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of the British
Isles. Usually from 80 to 1000 meters depth, more rarely at 40 meters.

Material examined : One female dredged in 19 fms., grassy bottom,
10 miles south of Cagliari, Sardinia.

Technical description : Carapace about five-sixths as long as wide,
with the interorbital region slightly more than one-third of the total
width, rounded and with four shallow, rounded teeth, of which the
inner or submedian pair are a trifle the smaller ; there are two closed
sinuses on the superior orbital margin; the postorbital angle bears a
strong, rather broad triangulate tooth; the anterolateral margin is
short, convex, set with four teeth, of which the first and third are
small, acute, subequal to each other, while the second and fourth spines
are subequal to each other and of similar shape to the first antero-
lateral spine but are much longer with a more acute tip; there is a
transverse ridge extending across the carapace from tip to tip of the
last or lateral spine; the postlateral margin is much longer than the
anterolateral, convergent and outlined by a light beading; the pos-
terior margin is short ; the female abdominal belt is seven-segmented.
The dorsal surface of the carapace is fijiely setose.

The eyes are large, spherical, black.

The chelipeds are equal, the merus short, trigonal ; the carpus nearly
as long as the merus, with a pronounced sharp spine at the inner
angle ; the palm is nearly as high as long, the upper margin cristate ;
the outer face slightly swollen and with two longitudinal ridges in
addition to the earinated lower margin. The lower finger is nearly
as long as the palm, thick, with a carina along its lower margin, the
cutting edge dentate; the upper finger is stocky but slenderer than
the lower, grooved, the tips of both fingers are of a much darker color
than the remainder of the claw.

154 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The first, second and third ambulatories are long and slender, the
second pair being the longest of the series ; all with attenuated, taper-
ing dactyli. The fifth legs are shorter and have the propodus and
dactyl wider, subovate, with the margins ciliated.

Synonymy. — Portunus longipes Kisso, Crust, des Environs de Nice,
p. 30, tab. 1, fig. 5, 1816; Hist. Nat. de I'Eur. Merid., vol. 5, p. 4,
1825.— Latbeille, Encycl. Meth., T. X, p. 192, 1818.— Roux,
Crust, de la Medit. t. IV, fig. 2, 1828.— H. Milne Edwards, Hist.
Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 455, 1834. — Bell, Brit. Stalk-eyed Crust.,
p. 361, and text fig., 1853. — 0. Pesta, Die decapodenfauna der
Adria, p. 409, fig. 134 (and comprehensive synonymy), 1918.

Subfamily : Portuninae.

Genus: CALLINECTES Stimpson.

Callinectes sapidus M. J. Eathbun.

Plate 52.

Type: Say's type was collected in "Our markets from all the bays
and inlets of the seacoast, ' ' and was deposited in the Academy of the
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.

Distribution : Abundant on the Atlantic Coast of the United States
from Cape Cod, southward through the "West Indies to northern
Brazil.

Material examined : One specimen from Miami, Florida, 1923.

Technical description: Carapace elongate oval, the lateral tooth
sharp, prominent, distinctly up-curved and slightly forward-directed.
There are four frontal teeth in addition to the postorbital teeth; the
inner, or submedian pair of teeth are decidedly the weaker and are
separated from each other by a shallow sulcus; the second pair of
frontal teeth are separated from the inner pair by a wide, shallow,
U-shaped sinus and are triangulate, the apex being slightly in advance
of that of the more blunt, preorbital tooth. The inferior orbital tooth
is triangulate and is more prominent in dorsal view than the superior
orbital tooth. The superior orbital margin is long and bears two
nearly closed sinuses ; the postorbital tooth is strong, triangulate ; the
anterolateral margin bears eight teeth in addition to the preorbital
tooth ; the third to sixth teeth, inclusive, are broad, triangulate ; the
second tooth is similar to, but narrower than, the third tooth; the

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'5.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 155

seventh and eighth teeth are similar to those preceding but have the
tips more acuminate; that of the eighth tooth directed slightly for-
ward ; the ninth or lateral tooth is strong, acuminate, directed slightly
upward and forward and outward. There is a fringe of setae beneath
the teeth of the anterolateral margin. The dorsal surface is mod-
erately convex, with the regions clearly delineated, the urogastric and
cervical grooves being the most prominent. There is a fine carina
formed of granulations extending across the carapace and out onto
the lateral spine ; there is a similar, shorter carina anterior to this on
the gastric region. The postlateral and posterior margins are lightly
carinated. The male abdominal belt is narrowly T-shaped, five-seg-
mented, the first segment very short, obscure ; the next segment short
but wide, filling the space between the fifth pair of legs and with a
sharp, median, transverse carina; the third and fourth segments are
completely fused, a sharp transverse carina on the third segment ; the
fifth and sixth segments are narrow, fused, but retain a suture line
indicating the fusion ; the seventh segment is triangulate with the tip
rounded. The sternal plaston is wide, flattish, with the suture lines
sharply defined.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium subrectangular, the distal
margin slightly sinuate, the inner lateral margin fringed with short
setae ; there is a decided longitudinal sulcus on the outer face of the
ischium ; the merus is three-fourths as long as the ischium and has the
outer distal angle produced and rounded; the inner dostal angle is
obliquely excavate for the reception of the palp, which is composed
of three joints of subequal length but of gradually decreasing width.

The eyestalk is short, constricted below the cornea, which is ter-
minal, subspherical and directed upward.

The antennulae fold transversely in the septum, which is divided
by a strong median tooth; the basal article is enlarged, the free ar-
ticle slender.

The antennae have the basal article anchylosed, produced into a
tooth-like cusp in the orbital sinus ; the second and third articles are
slender, successively smaller; the flagellum is very slender and is
equal to one and one-half times the long diameter of the orbit.

The ehelipeds are subequal; the merus is three-sided, with three
acute spines on the anterior margin; the carpus is slightly elongate,
convex, with a subdistal tooth on the outer lateral margin from which
an oblique carina runs back along the lower margin ; above this there
is a second carina, and on the upper face there are two short granular

156 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

ridges. The propodus is chunky, the palm has the upper surface about
as wide as the outer face from which it is defined by a prominent
longitudinal ridge at the proximal end of which there is an acute
spine; a similar carina defines the inner lateral margin of the palm
and terminates distally in an acute tooth; there is a lighter carina
approximately midway between these two ; all three carinae are con-
tinuous on the finger, the median one being the most prominent ; the
outer face of the palm has a very strong median carina, also one just
above the lower margin, which is continuous onto the finger. There
is one prominent ridge on the inner face of the palm. The fingers are
about as long as the palm, approximately subequal, slightly gaping,
with the tips decidedly curved; the cutting edge is furnished with
large, triangulate teeth between each of which are two smaller tri-
angulate teeth.

The ambulatories are long, similar, the carpus, propodus and dactyl
have a dense brush of short setae on the anterior lateral margin ; there
is a short fringe on the posterior lateral margin of the dactyl. Here
are two longitudinal grooves on each face of the dactyl and one on
each face of the propodus.

The natatory leg is strong, the four promixal joints stocky, the pro-
podus and dactyl laminate, suboval.

Color: In life this crab is bluish-green or grayish-green, with the
chelipeds and ambulatories vivid blue, etched at the joints, tips and
spines with carmine. There are also touches of carmine on the spines
of the carapace.

Habits : A very excellent account of the habits and life history of
this crab are given by Hay and Shore in their report on the ''Decapod
Crustaceans of the Beaufort, N. C, Region."

Synonymy. — Lupa hastata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 1,
p. 65, p. 443, 1817.

Lupa diacantha DeKay, Nat. Hist, N, Y. Zool., part 6, Crust., p. 10,
pi. 3, fig. 3, 1844.— Leidy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (2), III,
p. 149, 1855.

Callinectes diacanthus A. Milne Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust., vol.
5, p. 223, pi. 41, 1878.

Callinectes hastatus Ordway, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, p. 568,
1863.— Verrill, Kept. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 1, 1871-72 (1873),
p. 367, p. 468, p. 516.— S. I. Smith, idem, p. 548. — Uhler, Field
and Forest, vol. 2, p. 73-76, 1876. — ^Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 157

Sci. Phila., 1878, p. 320. — A. Milne Edwards, op. cit., vol. 5, p.
224, 1878.— Conn, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ, Nov., 1883, p. 5.—
E. Rathbun, Kept. Fish. Ind. U. S., vol. 1, p. 775, 1884. — Leidy,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 333, 1888. — Heilprin, Animal
Life of Our Seashore, p. 85, 1888.— H. M. Smith, Bull. U. S. Fish.
Comm., vol. 9, p. 104, 1889 (1891).— Paulmier, 58th Ann. Eept.
N. Y. State Mus., 1904, vol. 4, p. 142, fig. 11, issued 1905.

Neptunus hastatits Uhler, Chesapeake Zool. Labr., Johns Hopkins
Univ., vol. 1, 1878, p. 25.— Kingsley, Standard Nat. Hist., vol. 2,
p. 63, 1884.— Paulmier, 55th Ann. Kept. N. Y. State Mus., 1901.
p. 129.

Callinectes sapidus M. J. Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, p.
352, 1895, pi. 12, pi. 24, fig. 1, pi. 25, fig. 1, pi. 26, fig. 1, pi. 27,
fig. 1 ; Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 140, fig. 3, 1900 ; Occas. Papers Bos-
ton Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, p. 9, 1905. — Mayer, Seashore Life, p.
99, fig. 67, 1906.— Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat., 1911, p. 3 ; op. cit.
for 1913, p. 64 ; Rept. N. J. State Museum, Crust., vol. for 1911
(1912), p. 416, pis. 128, 129, 130.— Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad.
Arts and Sci., vol. 13, p. 370, figs. 22a, 23a, 24, pi. 17, fig. 2, 1908.
—Sumner, et al.. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 31, p. 432, 1911.—
Hay and Shore, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 35, p. 432, 1918.

Callinectes larvatus Ordway.
Plate 53.

Type: Ordway's type material came from Key West, Tortugas,
Fla. ; Bahamas and Haiti.

Distribution : Known from the Florida Keys and Bahamas, south-
ward to Brazil. The species has also been reported from west Africa
by Miss Rathbun ; however, other writers consider the African species
to be C. marginatus, a species distinct from the closely related C.
larvatus Ordway. Until I have more definite evidence of the identity
of these two species than has been presented to date, I believe it advis-
able to keep them distinct.

Material examined: One specimen from Miami, Fla., collected
by the ''Ara."

Technical description : This species is closely allied to the West
Indian C. ornatus Ordway, from which it may be distinguished by the
fact that the median pair of frontal teeth of C. larvatus are more

158 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

prominent, and the anterolateral teeth are wider, obtuse and with the
margins more arcuate than those of ornatus. The carapace is mod-
erately convex ; the areolations well defined ; granulations coarse ; the
frontal teeth four, the inner pair small ; the outer pair well developed ;
there are eight anterolateral teeth well separated by deep sinuses ; the
first four teeth are obtuse, the remainder more acute; the second to
fifth teeth, inclusive, each have their posterolateral margin convex.
The lateral spine is acute, 2.5 times as long as the preceding spine;
there is a finely beaded carina running inward from this tooth onto
the branchial region.

The chelipeds have the anterolateral margins of the merus armed
with three or four acute spines ; occasionally one, blunted at the pos-
terolateral distal angle of the merus ; the propodus has one prominent
acute tooth proximally at the base of the outer costa of the upper face
and a small tooth at the distal end of the inner costa of the upper
surface above the base of the dactyl. All the costae of the propodus
are prominent, composed of medium-sized granules.

The second, third and fourth legs are slender, typically Callinecies;
the fifth legs with thickened ischium, merus and carpus ; the propodus
and dactyl laminate.

Synonymy. — Callinectes larvatus Ordway, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., VII, p. 573, 1863.— S. I. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts
and Sci., vol. 2, p. 9, 1869. — Kathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
18, p. 358, pi. 17, pi. 24, fig. 5, pi. 25, fig. 4, pi. 26, fig. 4, pi. 27,
fig. 4, 1895.— Rankin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. XI, p. 232, 1898.

Callinectes marginatus Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. XI, p.
149, 1897 ; Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 48, 1901.

Callinectes marginatus var. larvatus Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts
and Sci., vol. 13, p. 368, text fig. 22b, pi. 18, fig. 1, 1908.

Grenus : PORTUNUS Weber.

Subgenus: Portunus Rathbun.

Portunus (Portunus) sulcatus A. Milne Edwards.

Plate 54.

Name : Red-finny crab.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace convex, with anterolateral second,
fourth, sixth and eighth teeth smaller than those alternating; lateral

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 159

tooth scarcely longer than the seventh tooth. Propodus with four
prominent beaded carinae, the carina immediately below the upper
margin terminating in a subdistal spine; the upper margin is also
carinate with a large distal and a subdistal spine.

Type: "From the coasts of Guadeloupe"; also a specimen taken
by the "Hassler" Expedition in Lat. S. 11° 27', in 17 fms. ; deposited
in the Paris Museum.

Distribution : Pelagic from the coasts of Georgia, U. S. A., south-
ward throughout the "West Indies to Brazil. This crab is a very rapid
swimmer and is often found far out at sea.

Material examined: One male with left cheliped in process of
regeneration, taken at electric light, Miami, Florida, by the "Ara,"
William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Color : Mr. Vanderbilt 's field-notes state that the legs of this crab
are margined with crimson.

Technical description : Carapace oval, very convex from the cen-
ter down to the edges, a finely beaded, curved carina extending from
the gastro-cardiac region to the lateral spine ; a rather deep sulcus on
either side of the gastro-cardiac region ; a shorter, similar carina on the
metagastric region; dorsal surface of carapace finely pubescent.
Frontal teeth six, besides the preorbital, the submedian pair more
bluntly rounded than the adjacent triangulate pair and with the pro-
jection of the epistome visible between them; the sinus separating the
second and third, or outer, pairs of teeth is a wide, deep U-shape;
the third pair of teeth are more acuminate than the second pair. The
preorbital tooth is triangulate, with a median rib beaded, the tip
directed outward. The infraorbital angle is beaded, triangulate, vis-
ible dorsally ; there is also a tooth on the basal peduncular joint of the
antennae, which is visible dorsally. The superior orbital margin has
two nearly closed sinuses; the inferior margin has one V-like sinus,
with an acute tooth at its outer side, the remainder of the margin
crenulated. The postorbital tooth is large, acute, triangulate, and is
followed by a much smaller acuminate tooth; the third, fifth and
seventh teeth are large like the first tooth ; the fourth, sixth and eighth
teeth are small like the second tooth; the seventh or lateral tooth is
slightly larger than any of the others and is outward and forward
cui-ved. The postlateral margins are lightly carinated and the pos-
terior margin is rather heavily carinated. The male belt is triangular,

160 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

five-segmented, the third, fourth and fifth segments being completely
fused, but with a carina marking the union of the third and fourth
segments ; the second and third segments each have a prominent me-
dian transverse carina.

The antennulae have the basal segment narrow and wide, the free
articles, slender, cylindrical, folding transversely.

The antennae have the basal peduncular joint rounded into knob
distally which is appressed to the orbit and armed subdistally with a
tooth, the free articles are small ; the flagellum long, extending to the
tip of the seventh lateral tooth.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium rectangular, the merus
squarish, three-fifths as long as the ischium and slightly excavate for
the reception of the palp.

The chelipeds are highly ornamented, the merus having five, strong,
acute teeth on the inner lateral margin ; the carpus with a prominent
tooth at the inner angle, a minute one at the outer angle, three inter-
rupted carinae on the outer surface, the median of which bears a dis-
tal and a subdistal tooth ; there is also a prominent tooth proximally
on the propodus, at the median tip of the carpus; the propodus is
robust, slightly longer than the fingers and bears on its outer face four
beautiful beaded, heavy carinae, the lowest of which is continuous to
the tip of the lower finger; the fourth carina, just below the upper
margin terminates in an acute subdistal tooth.

The upper margin is beaded and bears two acute teeth, one distal
and one midway its length; the fingers are slender, grooved and ir-
regularly dentate; the tips are a darker color than the rest of the
fingers.

The ambulatories are slender, with long, grooved dactyli.

The natatory leg has the merus elongate, three carinae on the upper
surface, the outer of which forms the posterior lateral margin and ter-
minates in a subdistal tooth ; the propodus is as large as the dactyl and
subovate ; the dactyl is oval.

Synonymy. — Neptunus sulcatus A. Milne Edwards. Miss. Sci. au
Mex. et dans I'Amerique Centrale, t. V, p. 26, pi. 39, fig. 3, 1881.
— A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol.
47, p. 311, 1923.

Portunus (Portunus) sulcatus M. J. Rathbun, Bull. U. S. Fish.
Comm., vol. 20, part 2, p. 45, 1901 ; State Univ. Iowa Studies Nat.
Hist., vol. 9, No. 5, p. 67, 1921.

Bulletin-, VAxni:Ri?iLT Marine Museum, Vol. T1

Plate 55.

A. — Poriunus (PorUinu.s) vocans (A. Milne Edwards), natural size.
(Pnrtunus) mt/i (Gibbes), slightly enlarged.

B. — Port tni IIS

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 161
Portunus (Portunus) vocans (A. Milne Edwards).
Plate 55, fig. A.

Diagnostic chakacters : An acute spine at each end of the posterior
margin of the carapace. Dorsal surface of the carapace is roughened ;
four tubercles form an arc on the mesogastric region ; there is a trans-
verse, granulate carina extending across the carapace from tip to tip
of the lateral spines; other rugosities are present. Carpus of the
chelipeds with three denticulate ridges and an acute spine at each
the inner and outer angles ,- propodus well developed, five denticulate
ridges, the uppermost terminating in a distal spine; the median one
with a large basal spine.

Type: Prof. Milne Edwards' type was taken at the Cape Verde
Islands by M. de Cessac and is deposited in the Paris Museum.

Distribution : Very rare. Cape Verde Islands ; Carenge Bay, Haiti.

Material examined: One ovigerous female dredged in Carenge
Bay, Le Mole, Haiti, February 4, 1924.

Technical description: Carapace elongate oval, 18 mm. long, 33
mm. wide from tip to tip of lateral spine, interorbital space 7.5 mm.
wide; frontal teeth four, broadly rounded, well separated, the inner
pair more semicircular than the outer, the preorbital tooth small, sub-
acute, well separated from the others; the superior orbital margin
crenulate, with two linear sinuses ; the postorbital angle is acute and
immediately beneath it there is another small acute tooth ; below this
and beneath the second marginal tooth is a row of three oval tubercles.
The inferior orbital margin has two wide V-shaped sinuses, one below
the orbital tooth and one just inside the inferior inner orbital tooth,
which is prominent, rounded ; the opposite angle of this sinus forms a
blunt tooth. The anterolateral margin has eight teeth in addition to
the preorbital tooth ; seven of these are approximately equal, decreas-
ing very slightly in width and increasingly acuminate from the first
to seventh, with the tips directed forward ; the ninth or lateral tooth is
but a trifle longer than the eighth and is very acuminate, upward and
slightly forward directed. The postlateral margins are concave; the
posterior margin is relatively straight, lightly carinate, terminating
in an acute upcurved spine at each end. Four rounded tubercles form
an arc on the mesogastric region. There is a continuous tuberculate
carina extending across the carapace from tip to tip. The cervical
and urogastric grooves are very prominent. There is a flattish tubercle

162 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum. Vol. II

at either end of the urogastric groove and posterior to this on the
cardiac region there is a short, broken, transvei-se carina on the me-
dian cardiac region, and opposite each end of it on the summit of the
branchial region is a linear tubercle. The female abdominal belt is
ovaL seven segmented and has transverse carinae on each the second
and third segments.

The chelipeds are equal, the merus with three acute spines on the
anterolateral margin and one acute spine at the distal end of the
posterior margin: the carpus is very sharp and has four longitudinal
carinae, one extending onto the tip of the acute spine at the outer dis-
tal angle : there is also an acute spine at the inner carpal angle : the
propodus is robust, with the upper surface wider than in most Amer-
ican Poriunids; there are five denticulate longitudinal carinae on the
palm : the uppermost of these is curved and terminates distallv in an
acute up- and forward-pointing spine. The carina immediately below
the uppermost one is composed of very coarse, denticulate graniiles ;
the median carina has a large, acute tooth at its base ; the fourth and
fifth carinae are less denticulate and are continuous on the lower
finger to its tips. The upper finger has three carinae on its outer face,
the uppermost of which is denticulate proximally. The right hinged
finger of the female has a very large basal tooth; the other teeth of
both fingers are smaller, triangulate.

The ambulatories are exceedingly slender, the carpus, propodus and
espedallv the dactyl grooved longitudinally. The dactyli are slender,
acuminate, about as long as the propodus.

The natatory legs of the present specimen are missing. Those of
the type are said to be of the typical Poriunid form.

The eye is reniform. shining black, composed of many facets and
filling the orbital cavity.

The antennules have the basal article greatly enlai^ed : the second
and third articles are verv slender and fold transverselv within the
fossett.

The antennae have the basal article situated in the orbital sinus,
stocky, without a node at the inferior distal angle: the second and
third articles are successively smaller : the flagellum is about twice as
long as the long diameter of the orbit.

The external maxillipeds are typically those of Porfunus: the
ischium is rectangular, with a longitudinal groove ; the merus has the
external distal angle somewhat flaring, the distal margin truncate and
the inner angle well excavate for the reception of the palp.

Bulletin, Vandekhilt Marine ^Museum, Vol. II

Plate 56.

Portuxu.s {Portnini.s) xautiifti (Rtimpson). A, female; B, male; natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 163

Synonymy. — Neptunus vocans A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Philom. Soc,
series 7, tome II, p. 225, June, 1878.— Miers, Kept. ''Challenger"
Zool., Brachyura, vol. 17, p. 174, 1886. — ^A. Milne Edwards and
BouviER, Exped. Sei, du Travailleur et du Talisman, Crust.
Deeap., p. 68, pi. 14, figs. 6-9, 1900.

Portunus (Portunus) xantusi (Stimpson).

Plate 56, figs. A and B.

Name: This species was named in honor of the collector, Mr. J.
Xantus.

Diagnostic characters : This species is readily distinguished from
aU other West American Portunids by the presence of a prominent
rugose ridge, paralleled anteriorly by a deep sulcus, which curve out
toward the base of the strong lateral tooth.

Type: Prof. Stimpson states that the species was "very common
on the beaches of Cape St. Lucas" (L. C). His type material was
originally in the collections of the IT. S. National Museum, but is no
longer extant.

Material examined : One young male and one larger male from the
Perlas Islands, March, 1928 ; one adult male and a female from Punta
Arenas, Costa Rica, February, 1928, taken by the "Ara," William K.
Vanderbilt, commanding.

Distribution : Pelagic from Santa Monica Bay, California to Chile.

Technical description : Carapace oval, 21.5 mm. long, 35 mm. wide
from tip to tip of lateral spines ; interorbital space 8 mm. wide. There
are four frontal teeth in addition to the bifid preorbital teeth ; these
four are triangulate, equally prominent, separated by sinuses equal
in size to the teeth; in older specimens the outer pair are slightly
wider than the inner pair. There are nine anterolateral teeth, includ-
ing the postorbital, which is subacute and a trifle broader than the
seven lateral teeth, which are acute, the tips pointing forward, the
posterior lateral margin convex ; the ninth or postlateral tooth is about
twice as long as the preceding tooth and is directed straight outward.
The postlateral margins are concave and are about as long as the an-
terolateral margins; the posterior margin is about as wide as the
orbital space and is relatively straight. The dorsal surface of the
carapace is pubescent and granulose; there is a prominent rugose

164 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

ridge, paralleled anteriorly by a deep sulcus, both of which curve from
the gastro-cardiac region out toward the base of the strong lateral
tooth. There are also two transverse tuberculated ridges on the gas-
tric region, the hinder one being much the shorter. The superior
orbital margin has two closed linear sinuses; there is one small
V-shaped sinus on the other half of the inferior orbital margin, which,
like the superior margin, is granulose and fringed with setae. The
infra-orbital angle is bluntly triangulate and is visible dorsally. The
outer distal angle of the peduncular joint of the antennae forms a
rounded, tooth-like node, situated in the orbital sinus.

The chelipeds of the old males are much longer and stronger than
those of the female ; the merus has the upper surface pubescent, and
with a series of transverse, granulose rugae; the anterior margin is
armed with four, occasionally five, acute teeth; the carpus has three
longitudinal ridges on the upper surface, a very prominent acute tooth
at the inner angle, a minute tooth at the outer angle and another
tooth occurs at the outer propodal face, proximally and closely adja-
cent to the median carpal angle; the propodus has four longitudinal
ridges on the outer face and a fifth ridge on the upper margin which
terminates subdistally in an acute tooth ; the fingers are slender and
have the inner and outer faces grooved, the tips brown, curved,
crossing.

The ambulatory legs are slender, with the meral, carpal and pro-
podal joints longitudinally ridges and with lines of pubescence be-
tween the ridges and fringing the anterior lateral margin. The dactyli
are long, grooved, acuminate.

The natatory legs are stocky, the dactyl ovate-laminate.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium subrectangular with a
slightly emarginate distal margin and an oblique longitudinal groove
on the outer face ; the merus is five-sixths as long as the ischium but
slenderer with the distal margin moderately rounded, the inner lat-
eral angle slightly excavate for the reception of the palp.

Synonymy. — Achelous xantusi Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
vol. 7, p. 222, 1860 (1862).

Neptunus xantusii A. Milne Edwards, Arch. Mus. Nat. Hist., X, p.
429, 1860; Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 213, pi. 38, fig. 1, pi. 39, fig. 3,
1879.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ^' Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 165

Portunus xantusi Holmes, Occas. Papers Calif, Acad. Sci., vol. 7, p.
71, 1900. — Rathbun, American Naturalist, vol. 34, p. 140, 1900. —
Crust. Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, p. 179, 1904 ; Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 577, 1910.— Weymouth, Stanford Univ.,
Series No. 4, vol. 49, pi. 12, fig. 35, 1910.— Schmitt, Univ. Calif.
Pub. Zool., vol. 23, p. 237, fig. 141, 1921.— Rathbun, BuU. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, p. 620, 1923.

Portunus (Portunus) sayl (Gibbes).

Plate 55, fig. B.

Names: Sargassum crab. This species was named in honor of
Thomas Say, an American carcinologist, who first described the occur-
rence of this species in American waters, mistaking it for the
European form, L. pelagica.

Diagnostic chaeacters: This is a very small species frequently
found clinging in Sargassum weed, the yellow and cream color pat-
tern of which the crab imitates.

Type: Say simply records the species as "found in the Gulf
Stream." His type was deposited in the Philadelphia Academy of
Natural Sciences. Mr. Gibbes' material was taken at Charleston,
South Carolina, and is also deposited in this museum.

Distribution: Found northward in the Gulf Stream as far as
"Wood's Hole, Mass.; abundant from Cape Hatteras, N. C, southward
throughout the West Indies.

Material examined: One male taken at Pilon, Cuba, February,
1928. One specimen, in Sargassum, 10 miles south of Swan Island,
Caribbean Sea, March 23, 1926, by the ''Ara/' William K. Vander-
bilt, commanding.

Color : The upper surface of the crab 's body and legs is irregularly
spotted with yellow and cream in imitation of the coloration of the
Sargassum.

Technical description : Carapace elongate oval, relatively smooth,
aerolations but weakly defined. The frontal margin has three weak,
shallow, broadly rounded teeth in addition to the preorbital teeth
which are weak, rounded and only about half as wide as the adjacent
pair of teeth. The inferior, inner orbital tooth is a broad, blunt tri-
angle, moderately prominent in a dorsal view. There are nine teeth

166 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

on the anterolateral margin, including the preorbital tooth; the first
four teeth are obtuse, triangulate, the next four are more acute, the
last two being especially sharp-tipped; the ninth or lateral tooth is
four or five times as long as the eighth tooth, very acuminate, pointing
direct outwards. The anterolateral margin is fringed with setae,
which show between the teeth. The postlateral margins are concave,
the posterior margin straight, with a light carina. The male abdom-
inal belt is five-segmented, triangulate, with the second segment much
the widest, sharply carinate transversely and forming an acute tip at
each distal end. The female belt is characteristically oval. An
average size female will carry 2000 to 3000 eggs at one time.

The chelipeds are of moderate length, the extended merus reaching
out about as far as midway the lateral spine ; there are three, occasion-
ally four, acute, curved spines on the anterolateral margin of the
merus ; one sharp spine at the distal angle of the posterior margin ;
the carpus has a spine at the outer angle but none at the inner angle ;
the propodus has five longitudinal carinae; the fingers are grooved,
the cutting edges dentate, the tops curved.

The ambulatories are very slender, the dactyli very acuminate,
longer than the related propodi ; the inferior lateral margin is fringed
with long setae. In life, these legs fasten hook-like around the
Sargassum weed.

The natatory legs are remarkably strong and well developed; the
propodus and dactyl are both broad, oval.

The external maxillipeds have the typical Poriunus formation, the
ischium rectangular, three-fourths as wide as long with a median
groove; the merus with the distal margin rounded, excavate for the
reception of the palp.

The antennulae fold transversely beneath the frontal margin.

The antennae are situated in the orbital sinus ; the basal article has
a node at its inferior distal angle; the remaining articles are succes-
sively smaller.

The eye is large, reniform, shining black.

Synonymy. — Fortunus pelagicus Bosc, Hist. Nat. des Crust., I, p. 220,
pi. 5, fig. 3 (part), 1802.

Lupa pelagica Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 1, p. 97. — De-
Kay, Zool. N. Y. Crust., vol. VI, p. 11, pi. 6, fig. 8, 1844.

Lupa sayi L. R. Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., p. 178, 1850. —
Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped., vol. 13, pt. 1, p. 273, pi. — , 1852.—
Stimpson, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1858, p. 38.

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TffflffMMn

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara/' 1921-28 167

Neptunus sayi Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, p. 92,
I860.— A. Milne Edwards, Arch. Mus, Hist. Nat., vol. 10, p. 317,
pi. 29, figs. 2a, 2b, 1861. — Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
2, p. 147, 1870-71. — Smith and Harger, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts
and Sci., vol. 3, p. 26, 1874. — Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., p. 319, 1878 ; op cit., p. 398, 1879.— A. Milne Edwards,
Miss. Sci. Mex., vol. V, p. 210, 1879.— S. I. Smith, Trans. Conn.
Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 5, p. 121, 1879. — A. Milne Edwards and
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 48, p. 311, 1923.

Portunus sayi Rathbun, Bull. Labr. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, p.
276, 1898 ; Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, No. 1, p. 22, 1897 ; Amer.
Nat., vol. 34, p. 140, 1900.

Portunus (Portunus) comigatus (Pennant).

Plate 57.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace suboval, upper surface entirely
covered by transverse beaded rugae, giving it a wrinkled appearance ;
anterolateral margin five-toothed.

Type: Pennant first described this species from the shores of the
Skie, opposite to Loch Jurn, England.

Color: In life this species is yellowish-brown, with streaks of red
on the back.

Habits : It is predatory and a strong swimmer.

Distribution : Known from the coasts of Ireland, England, south-
ward on the European coast to the Mediterranean Sea ; also at the
Azores. Pelagic. Also in Japanese waters, the Australian seas and
a variety from the Red Sea.

Material examined : One male, dredged in 19 f ms., grassy bottom,
10 miles south of Cagliari, Sardinia, July 23, 1927, by the ''Ara,"
"William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description : Carapace oval, nearly subcircular, 32 mm.
long, 36 mm. maximum width, upper surface moderately convex, en-
tirely covered by broken, transverse rugae which are microscopically
granulate and are margined on the ribs by regularly placed setae.
Behind the frontal border are two especially prominent, short, arcu-
ate rugae, one behind the other ; there are also three especially promi-
ment rugae on the mesogastric region, two crossing the mesocardiac

168

Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

region and one or two especially prominent rugae crossing tlie anterior
intestinal region. The frontal margin is trilobate, the median lobe
being the wider, its margin regularly convex and evenly dentate ; the
submedian teeth are not quite as protruding as the median and have
the inner side shorter than the outer, which is curved out continuous
with the almost right-angled preorbital angle, and regularly dentate.
The superior orbital margin is crenulate or dentate and has two
straight sinuses. There is one sinus on the inferior orbital margin,
and it is also dentate; the infraorbital angle is right-angled, promi-
nent but wide apart from the superior margin. The anterolateral
margin is rounded, cut into five sharp, forward-directed teeth, includ-
ing the preorbital tooth. Of these, the first and second teeth are sub-
equal, slightly smaller than the third and fourth teeth, which are also
subequal and have the postlateral side more convex ; the fifth tooth is
the smallest of the series but is well developed, acute and directed
more sharply upward. The postlateral margins are convergent, exca-
vate; the posterior margin is narrow, straight. The male abdominal
belt is five-segmented ; the first and second segments are narrow, with
a transverse median ridge; the third, fourth and fifth segments are
fused, with two transverse carinae; the sixth segment is narrowed
distally; the seventh segment is triangulate. The sternal plastron is
hirsute and has many transverse rugae. The pterygostomian region
is hirsute and has many rugae.

The external maxillipeds are finely setose on the outer surface and
have the exognath long, slender; the ischium subrectangular, with a
deep, submedian longitudinal groove on the outer face; the merus is
squarish, with the inner lateral angle broadly truncated for the recep-
tion of the palp.

The antennulae have the basal joint large, the free joints very
slender, folding transversely.

The antennae has the basal article produced on its outer distal side
into a flaring rounded lobe that occupies the wide infraorbital fissure ;
the second and third articles are successively slenderer ; the flagellum
consists of about 38 articles.

The eyestalk is short, densely setose; the cornea is shining black,
spherical, composed of many fine facets.

The chelipeds are slightly unequal in the male, short; the merus
three-sided, its under face especially marked by diagonally transverse
rugae; the carpus is convex, dorsally produced on the inner lateral
margin to an acute, broad, triangulate tooth ; the upper surface covered

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 169

with broken rugae; the palm is short and thick, with an acute, sub-
distal tooth on the upper margin; the outer surface is covered by
transverse rugae, and has also two longitudinal carinae, in addition
to those on the upper and lower margins, making four carinae in all.
The fingers are almost as long as the palm, the upper one with three
longitudinal carinae, the lower finger with two carinae. The small
claw has the fingers regularly dentate, close-fitting ; the large one has
an elliptical gape and a large, sub-basal tooth on the upper finger.
The tips, or nearly half the fingers, are of a much darker color.

The first, second and third ambulatories are slender, subequal, finely
hirsute ; the propodi are short and are ornamented with two longitud-
inal carinae on each lateral face in addition to the carinae of the an-
terior and posterior lateral margins; the dactyli are approximately
one and one-half times as long as the related propodi, and are very
slender, tapering, with two longitudinal carinae on each lateral face,
the tip acute; the lateral edges of the dactyli are fringed with setae.

Synonymy. — Cancer corrugatus Pennant, Brit. Zool., vol. 4, p. 5, pi.
5, fig. 9, 1777.

Portunus corrugatus Leach, Edinb. Encycl. Lond., vol. 7, p. 390,
1814; Trans. Linn. Soe. Lond., vol. XI, p. 315, 1815; Malac. Po-
dopth. Brit., pi. 7, figs. 1 and 2, 1815. — H. Milne Edwards, Hist.
Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 443, 1834. — DeHaan, Crust, in von Siebold,
Fauna Japonica, p. 40, 1835. — Bell, Brit. Stalkeyed Crust., p. 94,
1853. — ^A. Milne Edwards, Archiv. Must. Hist. Nat., vol. X, p.
401, pi. 26, fig. 3, 1861.— Heller, Crust, des Sudl. Europa, p. 86,
1863.— Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 33, 1879.— Voy. ''Chal-
lenger" Eept. Zool., vol. 17, p. 200, 1886.— J. Bonnier, Catal. des
Crust, de Concarneau, p. 26, 1887. — A. E. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb.
Syst., vol. 7, p. 70, 1893. — ^A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, Ex-
ped. Sci. du Travailleur et du Talisman, Crust. Decap., p. 64,
1900. — 0. Pesta, Die Decapoden fauna der Adria, p. 405, fig. 132,
1918 (and extensive synonymy).

Portunus carcinoides Kinahan, Dubl. N. H. Review Proc. of Soc,
vol. IV, p. 66, pi. IX, fig. 3, 1857.

Portunus strigilis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 38, 1858.
A. Milne Edwards, torn, cit., p. 402, 1861.

Portunus suh corrugatus A. Milne Edwards, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat.,
torn, cit., p. 402, pi. 36, fig. 2, 1861, variety.

170 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Portunus holsatus Fabricius.

Plate 58, fig. A.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace nearly subeircular ; frontal teeth
three, the median slightly the longest ; anterolateral margin with five
teeth, including the postorbital ; dorsal surface with weak areolations,
smooth, finely pubescent.

Type: Fabricius stated that his type "inhabits the oceans of
Europe" and was deposited in the Mus. Doldorff.

Distribution : Mediterranean Sea, northward to the southern coasts
of England and southward to the northern and northwestern coasts
of Africa.

Material examined : Three males and two small females dredged in
11 fathoms, Casa Blanca, Morocco, August 20, 1924, by the ''Ara,"
William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Color : In life the upper surface of this crab is a mottled grayish-
green with a yellowish tint, the claw and legs are etched with reddish-
orange.

Technical description : Carapace oval, almost subeircular, convex,
31.5 mm. long, 40 mm. wide from tip to tip of lateral spine, interor-
bital margin 10 mm. wide ; frontal teeth three in addition to the pre-
orbital teeth ; the medium tooth is triangular, a trifle longer than the
lateral teeth, which are also triangular and from which it is separated
by a wide, shallow, U-shaped sinus ; the sinus between the lateral and
preorbital teeth is shallower than that between the median and lateral
tooth ; the preorbital tooth is weak, the margin sinuate ; the superior
orbital margin has two closed sinuses; the postorbital tooth is acute,
its posterior lateral margin long ; there are four teeth on the antero-
lateral margin besides the postorbital ; of these, the postorbital, second
and third teeth are subequal, the tips are acute, the anterolateral mar-
gin short, the posterior lateral margin long ; the fourth tooth has this
posterior lateral margin longer than do the others ; the fifth or lateral
tooth has the tip more acute and upward and outward directed; the
posterior margin is confluent with the carinate concave postlateral
margins. The upper surface is smooth and finely pubescent. The
areolations are weak, except the depressions on either side of the uro-
gastric region and a slight pit anterior to each of these. The male
abdominal belt is triangular; five-segmented, the first segment very

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Mtjseum, Vol. TT

Plate 58.

A. — PorUiHKS liol.sat ii.s Fabricius, iiatiiial size. B. — Port anus {Acheloim) ordwaiji

Stimpson, natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 171

narrow, obscure, the second segment with a sharp transverse median
carina ; the third, fourth and fifth segments fused, with a sharp trans-
verse carina proximally ; the sixth segment is scarcely half as long as
the fifth; the seventh segment is small, triangular. The female belt
is seven-segmented, moderately oval, with the terminal segment
abruptly smaller, triangular ; the second and third segments each have
a sharp median transverse carina.

The chelipeds are equal, moderately robust, the merus three-sided;
the carpus with a strong, acute, triangular tooth at its inner angle, a
weaker tooth at its outer angle, the upper surface slightly roughened ;
the propodus is robust with five strong, longitudinal carinae, the upper
and lower of which form the margins ; these carinae are continued on
the fingers, which are not quite as long as the palms and are regularly
toothed with teeth set in clusters of three, the median tooth being the
larger ; the finger tips are curved, crossing.

The ambulatories are very slender, the carpus, propodi and dactyli
are grooved, the propodi being very acuminate, fringed with setae
along the inferior margin and a trifle more than one and one-half
times as long as the related dactyli.

The natatory legs are unusually robust, the dactyl oval, one and
two-fifths times as long as the propodus, which is also laminate, sub-
oval.

The antennae have the basal article greatly enlarged, the free ar-
ticles very slender, folding transversely.

The antennae have the basal article large, but scarcely at all en-
larged at the inferior distal angle, the second and third articles are
successively smaller, the flagellum is about as long as the long diam-
eter of the orbit.

The eye is large, renif orm ; its lower margin crenulate and fringed
with long setae, a deep V-shaped sinus on the outer half; the inner
angle acute, prominent.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium rectangular, rather nar-
row, with a longitudinal groove, the inner margin setose ; the merus is
nearly square, with the distal margin slightly rounded; the inner
angle obliquely excavate for the reception of the palp.

Synonymy. — Portunus holsatus Fabricius, Entom. Suppl., p. 366,
1798.— H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 442, 1834.
— Bell, Brit. Stalkeyed Crust., p. 109, and text fig. on this page,
1853.

172 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Portunus marmoreus Leach, op. cit., pi. 8. — H. Milne Edwards, op.
cit., p. 442. — Bell, op. cit., p. 103.

Portunus lividus Leach, Malacos. Podophth. Brit., pi. IX, figs. 3 and
4 and related text, 1815.

Portunus marmoreus E. L. Bouvier, Results Campagnes Seientifiques
par Prince de Monaco, Fasc. XXII, p. 59, 1922. (Under this
species Prof, Bouvier states that it is identical with Portunus
holsatus Fabr. It is of interest to note that Bell, in 1853, made
the same decision.)

Subgenus: ACHELOUS DeHaan.
Portunus (Achelous) gibbesii (Stimpson).

Plate 59.

Name : This species was named in honor of Lewis R. Gibbes, one of
the first American carcinologists.

Diagnostic characters : A small species ; earpace oval, lateral spine
prominent; two or more silvery spots on each side at the base of the
anterolateral teeth. Rostral teeth four small, subequal, the inner pair
weaker than the outer ; the preorbital teeth weakly bifid. The merus
of the swimming legs has a row of acute spines on its posterior distal
edge.

Type: Professor Stimpson 's type material was "found on the coast
of South Carolina by Captain Kurtz, and at St. Augustine, Florida, by
Mr. Dorman. These specimens were deposited in the U. S. National
Museum.

Distribution: From off Cape Hatteras, N. C, off Fort Macon,
Georgia ; Egmont Key, Fla., West Florida and Cuba.

Material examined : Two males and two females taken in dragnet,
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, January 17, 1928, by the "Ara,'' William K.
Vanderbilt, commanding, establish the first Cuban record for the spe-
cies and substantially extend its southern range.

Technical description : A small species. Dorsal surface olivaceous
green with silvery flecks. Carapace slender, oval, 18 mm. long, 44 mm.
wide from tip to tip of lateral spines ; frontal margin with four teeth
besides the preorbital ; the submedian pair of teeth are much smaller
than the lateral pair, which form broad triangles and are separated

1-^

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of '^ Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 173

by a wide, shallow sinus from the preorbital teeth, which are bluntly
rounded and not quite 'as long as the lateral teeth and are weakly
bidentate. The infraorbital tooth is broad, obtusely rounded, very
prominent dorsally. There are eight teeth, including the preorbital,
on the anterolateral margin; of these the anterior four are wider
basally and, although acute, they are less acuminate than the posterior
four; the ninth or lateral spine is very slender, pointed outward and
upward and is as long as one-third of the distance between the bases
of these spines. The upper surface is obscurely granulate and hairy ;
the cervical and urogastric grooves are well defined; there is a fine,
granular ridge curving in from the lateral tooth upon the branchial
region. The female abdominal belt is subcircular, the distal joint
abruptly smaller, triangulate. The male belt is narrowly triangulate,
five-segmented, the third segment with a sharp median transverse
carina.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium short, its inner lateral
margin broadly convex, the distal margin excavate, with the outer
margin subacute ; the merus is set obliquely, slightly higher than wide,
with the angles rounded, the distal margin convex; the inner angle
scarcely at all excavated for the palp.

The antennulae are very slender and fold transversely.

The antennae have the basal peduncular joint produced into an
elongate, rounded lobe at its lower distal angle ; the second and third
articles are short, cylindrical ; the flagellum consists of about twenty-
five short articles.

The eyes are large, reniform, filling the orbital cavity.

The chelipeds are very long and slender; in old males from six to
seven times the length of the carapace; there is one spine at the tip
of the inner lateral margin of the ischium; four, occasionally five,
spines on the inner margin of the merus, one quite long at the pos-
terior distal angle of the merus; the carpus is elongate, half as long
as the palm, with several light longitudinal ridges of granulae; a
sharp spine at each the outer and inner distal angles ; the palm is very
slender, with five longitudinal ridges on the outer face ; the uppermost
ridge forms the margin and terminates subdistally in a spine; there
is also a spine at the base of the third carina, adjacent to the carpus ;
the fingers are exceedingly slender, slightly longer than the palm,
groove on the outer face and set with stocky, triangular teeth.

The ambulatories are very slender, the propodi and dactyli sub-
equal, grooved, the inner lateral margins fringed with setae.

174 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The natatory legs have the four proximal joints stocky, the merus
armed at its inner and outer distal angles each with a spine ; the pro-
podus laminate, widening distally, the dactyl oval, fringed with setae.
Dr. Verrill states that the Bermuda specimens have the merus of the
swimming legs armed with five or six small, acute spinules on the
posterior lateral margin.

Synonymy. — Lupa gihhesii Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol.
7, p. 57, 1862.

Achelous gihhesii Stimpson, op. cit., p. 22, 1860. — S. I. Smith, Ann.
Kept. U. S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries for 1882, p. 349, issued
1884. — Smith, op. cit., for 1885, p. 30, issued 1886. — Kingsley,
Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. for 1879, p. 398.— A. E. Verrill,
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, p. 389, 1908.

Neptunus gihhesii A. M. Edwards, Arch. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, vol.

10, p. 326, pi. 31, fig. 1, la, lb, 1861.— Miss. Sci. Mex. et Amer.

Centrale, p. 213, 1879.
Portunus (Achelous) gihhesii M. J. Rathbun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p.

140, 1900; Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 140, 1901.

Portunus (Achelous) ordwayi Stimpson.

Plate 58, fig. B.

Name: Professor Stimpson named this species in honor of Albert
Ordway, who as a student of Dr. Louis Agassiz, wrote an import-
ant monograph of the genus Callinectes (Journ. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 7, p. 567). This species is also known as the "silvery
clawed crab" because of the iridescent, silvery area on the outer face
of the claw.

Diagnostic characters: A smooth, iridescent, silvery area on the
outer surface of the cheliped. A curious mask-like figure on the me-
dian part of the carapace, formed by the areolations.

Type : The type material came from Florida and St. Thomas.

Distribution : Known from Cape Hatteras, N. C, southward in the
Gulf Stream, throughout the Bermudas and West Indies to Bahia,
Brazil. Pelagic.

Color: According to Dr. A. E. Verrill: "Specimens with the cara-
pace 32 to 38 mm. long, taken April, 1901, in Castle Harbor, were in

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 175

life more highly colored than the smaller ones. The carapace and legs
were finely and elaborately variegated and mottled with red, yellowish-
brown and gray, producing the general effect of reddish-brown. A
small, whitish spot, bordered with brown, appeared behind the bases
of the posterior lateral spines. The under side was pale orange, pink-
ish around the mouth, deeper orange on the chelipeds and legs, and
with some spots of orange-brown on the basal segments of the abdo-
men. The chelae, above, were deep red-brown, the fingers crossed by
two light orange-red bands ; the iridescent area on the outer surface
reflected prismatic colors, but especially green, red and silvery tints. ' '
''Younger specimens, noted by my son, C. S. Verrill, in April, 1898,
had the following colors in life : Carapace light gray, with darker
shades over the cardiac region and around the edge of the carapace.
Ventral surfaces white. Chelipeds light gray, purple at the joints.
Ambulatory legs light gray, except the posterior legs, which have a
red blotch on the last joint. Eyestalks light gray, the eyes black.
Chelae with a brilliant iridescent area." (Extract from Decapod
Crustacea of Bermuda.)

Material examined: One male, Bury Island, Bahamas, January
21, 1923; one male from Turtle Harbor, Florida, November, 1924,
taken by the " Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description: Carapace oval, 27.5 mm. long, 40.5 mm.
wide from tip to tip of lateral spine; frontal margin from tip to tip
of preorbital spines 10.5 mm. wide ; the preorbital teeth are triangular,
acute, separated from the four frontal teeth by a very deep V-shaped
sulcus ; the four frontal teeth are prominent, subequal, subacute, tri-
angulate, separated from each other by V-shaped sinuses of approxi-
mately the same size as the teeth. The inner, inferior orbital angle is
dorsally prominent, triangular; there are two closed sinuses on the
superior orbital margin; one V-shaped sinus on the outer half of the
inferior orbital margin. There are nine teeth, including the postorbital
tooth on the anterolateral margin ; of these the second to fifth inclusive
are subequal and slightly larger than the sixth to eighth teeth, which
are narrower basally and also subequal ; each of the anterolateral teeth
has the tip acute, forward-directed, the posterior lateral margin con-
vex, the anterior margin, concave. The ninth or lateral spine is acute,
directed outward and slightly forward and in the males is twice or
more than twice as long as the eighth spine. The postlateral margin
is shorter than the anterolateral and concave ; the posterior margin is

176 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

relatively straight. The dorsal surface is convex, granulose and finely
pubescent. On the median part of the carapace a series of areolations,
composed of granulations, form a curious, sharply defined, mask-like
or face-like sculpturation. There is a curved areolation extending
from the base of the lateral spine inv^ard to a deep pit at the end of
the urogastric line.

The male belt is five-segmented, the third, fourth and fifth segments
being fused into one. The female belt is broadly oval, seven-segmented.

The eyes are large, reniform.

The antennulae and antennae afford no specific characters.

The external maxillipeds have the merus almost as long as the
ischium, the distal margin unevenly lobate, the inner angle slightly
excavate; the outer surface is granular and setose and unevenly con-
cave on the median distal part, and convex below the base of the palp.

The chelipeds are not remarkably long in the male ; the merus is as
long as half the width of the carapace, three-sided, armed with three
or four weak teeth and a dense fringe of long setae ; there is one weak
spine at the distal angle of the posterior lateral margin of the merus ;
the carpus has three longitudinal ridges on the outer face and is armed
with a slender, acute spine at the inner distal angle, which spine is
about as long as the inner lateral carpal margin ; there is a weak, acute
spine at the outer distal carpal angle ; the propodus is as long as three-
fifths the width of the carapace, has the upper and lower edges carin-
ate and two oblique, submedian carinae on the outer face; there is a
prominent acute tooth proximally just above the upper submedian
carina; the superior lateral margin has an acute, up-pointing, sub-
distal tooth ; the fingers are about as long as the palm, slender, taper-
ing, both the inner and outer faces fluted, the cutting edges unevenly
dentate, meeting ; the tips curved, crossing.

The ambulatories are very slender, the first pair as long as the
chelipeds; the second and third pairs slightly decreasing in length;
the meral, carpal and propodal joints with longitudinal grooves set
with fine pubescence ; dactyli exceedingly slender, tapering, acuminate,
longitudinally grooved, approximately as long as the two preceding
segments taken together.

The natatory legs are short, the ischium, merus and carpus stout;
the propodus laminate; the dactyl oval, laminate; the last two seg-
ments fringed with setae and with longitudinal areas of pubescence on
the wide surfaces.

-«1

M
K
tq
Q

►:]

rCl

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 111

Synonymy. — Achelous ordwayi Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
2, p. 148. — S. I. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad, Arts and Sci., vol. 2,
p. 9, 1869. — A. Milne Edwards, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., t. X,
p. 430, 1861.— Rankin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 11, p. 233,
1898.

Neptunus cruentatus A. Milne Edwards, op. cit., p. 326, pi. 31, fig. 2,

1861.
Neptunus ordwayi A. Milne Edwards, Crust. Miss. Sci. Mex., V, p.

217, pi. 2, 1879.
Achelous ordwayi A. E. Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci.,

vol. 13, p. 381, figs. 28, 29, pi. 18, fig. 3, 1908.

Portunus ordwayi Rathbun, American Nat., vol. 34, p. 141, 1900.

Portunus (Achelous) ordwayi Rathbun, Bull. Labr. Nat. Hist. State
Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 276, 1898 ; Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20,
part 2, p. 46, 1901 ; Rapport betreffende een vooloopig onderzoek
naar den toestand van de visscherij en de Industrie van zeepro-
ducten in de Kolonie Curagao, vol. 1, p. 332, 1907.

Portunus (Achelous) seliae (H. Milne Edwards).

Plate 60.

Name : This species was named in honor of Seba, one of the early-
European naturalists.

Diagnostic characters : Living specimens are readily recognized
by a pair of deep wine-red ocellate spots, one on each side of the
branchial region near the margin. There is an acute, upright spine
on the basal joint of the swimming legs ; also a spine at the outer distal
angle of the merus of the same pair of legs.

Type: Dr. Milne Edwards' type came from the coasts of Brazil
and is deposited in the Paris Museum.

Distribution : From North Carolina southward in the Gulf Stream,
throughout the "West Indies to Brazil.

Material examined : One male taken at Porto Padre, Cuba, March,
1928, by the ''Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Color : Body light olivaceous green, with nearly all the spines lake
red at base, with lighter middle and darker tip; the fringes of hair
on the body margins and legs are red ; there are also a pair of large

178 Bulletin, Vanderdilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

ocellate spots, wine red edged with chrome yellow, on the postlateral
part of the back, one each above the fourth leg.

Technical description : Carapace oval, 26 mm. long, 50 mm. wide
from tip to tip of lateral spines ; frontal teeth four, of equal length,
but the inner pair are wider and blunter than the outer pair, which
are acuminate, as are also the preorbital teeth, which are about of the
same length as the frontal teeth, from which they are separated by a
moderate U-shaped sinus. The eight teeth of the lateral margin are
acute-tipped, with points directed forward; the anterior margin of
each tooth concave, the posterior margin convex; the lateral spine is
very long, acute, forward and upward directed, with a median carina
on the upper surface, curving in across the branchial region to the
cardiogastric. There is a lightly etched mask-like figure on the median
region of the carapace : two transverse, granulate lines, one behind
the other, on the gastric region ; pits on either side of the cardiogastric
region, each side of the cardiac region with a granular eminence. The
postlateral and posterior margins have a flattened carina. The upper
surface of the carapace and chelipeds is finely setose. The male ab-
dominal belt has a prominent transverse carina on the second segment
and another on the third segment.

The antennulae are slender and fold transversely.

The antennae have the basal article produced into an oval lobe at
the lower distal angle, which fits into the orbital sinus above the infra-
orbital tooth; the remaining peduncular articles are short, cylindri-
cal, the flagellum is slightly longer than the orbital cavity.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium rectangular, almost
square, with a median longitudinal groove, the inner margin fringed
with setae ; the merus is about four-fifths as long as the ischium, nar-
row, with the outer margin rounded, the inner distal angle obliquely
truncated.

The eyes are large, renif orm.

The chelipeds are long, the merus with five teeth on the anterior
margin, one, subdistal, on the posterior margin, a heavy fringe of
setae on the anterior margin; the carpus has a long, sharp tooth at
the inner angle, a shorter tooth at the outer angle, three ridges on the
upper surface; there is also a strong spine proximally on the outer
face of the propodus adjacent to the median tip of the carpus; the
propodus is moderately robust, with four light carinae, two marginal
and two intermediate, the uppermost one forming the upper margin
and terminating in a weak distal and stronger subdistal, nearly me-

H
CO

I— (

E-i

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 179

dian tooth. The fingers are slender, not quite as long as the palm,
tapering, grooved, the upper right with a huge, sub-basal molar tooth,
the remaining teeth being a large, triangulate tooth alternated by two
smaller triangulate teeth, the edges interfitting.

The ambulatories are slender; the dactyli each about one-fifth
longer than the related propodi, grooved ; the propodi are also grooved
on the outer faces.

The natatory legs are stocky, the basis is produced into an acute
spine at the anterior distal angle; the merus is stocky, with two or
three spinules across the distal margin and one spine at the posterior
distal angle ; the dactyl is oval.

Synonymy. — Cancer marinus scutiformis Seba, Museum, T. Ill, pi.
20, fig. 9; figured by Latreille under the name Portunus san-
guinolentus dans I'Encyc. Meth., pi. 272, fig. 6.

Lupea sedae H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, p. 455, 1834.

Neptunus sehae A. Milne Edwards, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat, Paris, Tome

X, p. 329, pi. 28, fig. 2, 1861; Miss. Sci. Mex. et dans I'Amerique

Centrale, part 5, tome I, p. 216, 1879-1880.

Achelous sehae S. I. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2,
p. 34, 1869.— Verrill, ihid., vol. 13, p. 380, fig. 27, 1908.

Portunus sehae Rathbun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 142, 1900.

Portunus (Achelous) sehae Rathbun, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20,
part 2, p. 46, 1901.^

Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus Latreille.

Plate 61.

Diagnostic characters : Frontal teeth, including the bilobed orbi-
tal teeth, eight, the four frontal teeth being decidedly more prominent
than the bilobed orbital teeth. Carapace oval, lateral spine weak,
transverse areolations very prominent. Natatory legs with the pos-
terior distal end of the merus angled and armed with a spine and a
row of denticles.

Type: Latreille 's type came from the Cayenne, also from Brazil
and is deposited in the Paris Museum.

Distribution: Pelagic from the Virginia coasts southward in the
course of the Gulf Stream to the West Indies, the Bermudas, the Gulf
of Mexico and southward as far as Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

180 Bulletin, VanderhiU Marine Museum, Yol. II

Material examined : Three females from Miami, Florida, January
26, 1926. One young specimen and one large male from Guantanamo
Bay, Cuba, February 8, 1924. One large male and female dredged
in seven fathoms on sandy bottom. Double Headed Shot Cay, Cay Sal
Bank, Bahamas, February 18, 1925. All taken by the ''Ara," William
K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description : Carapace oval, 51 mm, long, 81 mm. maxi-
mum width, moderately convex, finely pubescent; frontal margin 21
mm. wide, armed with six teeth in addition to the orbital teeth; all
six of these teeth are about of equal length, but the convex line of the
frontal margin causes the median pair to appear slightly longer; the
median pair are acute, triangulate, separated from each other and
from the adjacent pair of teeth by wide U-shaped sinuses ; the second
pair of teeth are also triangulate but are much wider basally and are
separated from the outer pair by a much deeper U-shaped sinus ; the
third or outer pair of teeth approximate the median pair in size and
are separated from the preorbital tooth by a shallow, unequal-sided
U-shaped sinus. The preorbital tooth is little more than half as long
as the others and is triangulate. The superior orbital margin is broken
by two small, distinct V-shaped sinuses. The inferior orbital tooth
is triangulate, prominent in a dorsal view, nearly as large as the an-
terolateral teeth. There is one distinct, V-shaped sinus, margined on
each side by a denticle on the inferior orbital margin. The antero-
lateral margin is convex and is armed with nine teeth, including the
postorbital tooth ; the first eight are approximately equal, triangular,
acute, with the tip forward-directed ; the ninth or postlateral spine is
but very little larger than the preceding ones in old specimens; in
young, it is noticeably longer. The postlateral spines are short, con-
cave ; the posterior margin is relatively straight. The dorsal surface is
convex and granulate, with a few finely beaded ridges, and is finely,
evenly pubescent. The epistome has a median tooth.

The antennulae fold transversely beneath the frontal margin.

The antennae have the basal article in the infraorbital sinus, the
free peduncular articles cylindrical, the flagellum about twice the long
diameter of the eye.

The external maxilliped had the rod-like exognath not quite reach-
ing the outer distal angle of the merus and armed on its lateral mar-
gin with a triangular tooth that fits beneath the merus ; the ischium is
one and one-half times as long as wide, with a longitudinal groove on
the outer face, the inner lateral margin slightly convex; the distal

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 181

margin excavate. The merus is three-fourths as long as the ischium,
with the distal margin broadly rounded; the inner distal angle exca-
vate for the reception of the small three-jointed palp. The inner lat-
eral margins of the ischium and merus are heavily fringed with setae.

The female abdominal belt is seven-segmented, the first segment
being extremely narrow, hinge-like ; the belt is broadly oval, the lat-
eral margins of the different segments distinctly separated; the fifth
and sixth segments much longer than those preceding ; the seventh seg-
ment is small, triangulate.

The adult male abdominal belt is triangular, five-segmented; the
first segment is very short, hinge-like ; the second and third segments
are the widest of the series, each with a transverse median carina, the
lateral margins sharply separated ; the third, fourth and fifth segments
are completely fused, forming one long segment ; the sixth segment is
not quite as long as this fused segment ; the seventh segment is small,
triangular.

The chelipeds of the male are decidedly longer than those of the
female ; they are slightly unequal in both sexes. Each has the merus
three-sided, armed on the anterolateral margin with five teeth, with a
small tooth at the postlateral angle ; the carpus is armed with teeth ;
one at the inner basal angle, one smaller at the outer distal angle ; the
palm has an acute, sub-basal tooth opposite the median distal angle
of the carpus. The propodus is about one-fourth longer than the
merus, the palm and fingers being of subequal length; there are five
carinae on the outer face of the palm, one along the upper margin, a
smaller carina immediately below this, a very strong median carina,
another halfway between this and the lower margin, which has a
carina continuous to the tip of the lower finger. The upper finger has
three strong carinae, separated by deep grooves on the outer face,
and three carinae on the inner face; the cutting edge of the right
claw is armed with a very large, sub-basal tooth, followed by a series
of substantial triangulate teeth, smaller ones alternating between the
larger ones. The lower finger has two carinae on each the outer and
inner face and is similarly toothed; the tips of the fingers are de-
cidedly curved upon each other. The left or smaller claw is similar
to the larger one but less robust. The upper and other surfaces of
the chelipeds are granulate and finely pubescent, like the body.

The three pairs of ambulatories are slender, similar, successively
decreasing slightly in length posteriorly. There are two longitudinal

182 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

depressions on the merus, each filled with fine pubescence, one similar
depression on the carpus near the outer margin, a median one on the
propodus and on the dactyl ; that of the latter is not pubescent. The
anterior lateral margins of the meral and carpal joints and both lat-
eral margins of the propodus and dactyl are finely setose. The dactyl
is strong, acuminate, horn-tipped.

The natatory legs have the three proximal joints stout, fringed with
setae on the anterior margins ; the propodus and dactyl are subequal,
laminate, with the margins fringed with setae, and setose areas on the
broad faces.

Synonymy. — fPortunus spinimanus (part) Latreille, Encycl., tome
X, p. 188 ; Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 28, p. 47, 1819.

fLupa spinimana Leach, Desmaeest, Consid. gen. sur la classe des
Crust., p. 98, 1825. — ?H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol.
1, p. 452, 1834. — GiBBES, Proc. Amer. Asso. Adv. Sci., p. 178,
1850.— Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. Crust., vol. 13, p. 273, 1852.—
Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, p. 57, 1860.

fAchelous spinimanus DeHaan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 8, 1833. —
White, List. Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 28, 1847. — Stimpson, Ann. Lye.
Nat. N. Y., vol. 7, p. 221, 1860. — A. Milne Edwards (part), Arch.
Mus. d'Hist. Nat., vol. 40, p. 341 (not pi. 32, fig. 1, 1&), 1861;
Miss. Sci. Mex., vol. 5, p. 230, pi. 39, figs. 2, 2a, 1879.— S. I.
Smith, Ann. Kept. U. S. Fish. Comm., p. 30, 1886 ; Amer. Journ.
Sci., 2nd ser., vol. 48, p. 389, 1869.— Kankin, Trans. N. Y. Acad.
Sci., vol. 11, p. 233, 1898.— Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.
30, p. 154, 1896.— Kathbun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 141, 1900.—
Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, p. 385, figs.
30, 31, 1908.

Achelous spinimana Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 5, 1878.

Portunus (Achelous) spinimanus Rathbun, Bull. Labr. Nat. Hist.
State Univ. Iowa, p. 276, 1899 ; Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20,
part 2, p. 45, 1901 ; Rapport betreffende een vooloopig onderzoek
naar den toestand van de visscherij en de Industrie van zeepro-
ducten in de Kolonie Curagao, vol. 1, p. 332, 1907.

Neptunus (Achelous) spinimanus A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier,
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 311, 1923.

'Jl

_5J

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 183

Portunus (Achelous) spinicarpus Stimpson.

Plate 62.

Diagnostic characters : This crab is readily distinguished from all
its American allies by the presence of an extremely long spine at the
inner angle of the wrist. In adult males this spine attains a length
exceeding that of the palm.

Type: Founded on a series of specimens taken by the "Blake" at
seven stations in the Florida Reefs; i.e., off Tortugas, 13 fms., off
Carysfort Reef, 40 fms., off Conch Reef, 49 fms., off Alligator Reef,
53 fms., off Pacific Reef, 60 fms., Lat. 31° 31', Long. 79° 41', 74 fms.,
and off American Shoal, 53 fms., and deposited in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology.

Distribution : Known from Cape Hatteras, N. C, southward in the
course of the Gulf Stream through the West Indies to Trinidad, and
also at Sabanilla, Colombia, in depths ranging from 3 to 150 fms.

Color : Unknown.

Material examined: Port Antonio, Jamaica, February 17, 1928,
one male ; three males taken 14 miles S. W. of Marquesas Keys, Flor-
ida, dredge down 30 fms., March, 1924 ; one young specimen taken in
five fathoms, American Shoal Light, Florida, March 3, 1924; one
young male taken at Roncador Bank, Caribbean Sea, January, 1928,
by the "Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description: Carapace oval, produced at the lateral
angle into an acute outward-pointing spine which is about one-fourth
as long as the width of the carapace between the base of the spines.
Dorsal surface convex, decidedly uneven, there is a transverse arcuate
line of beaded granules on the mesogastric region, a shorter line be-
hind this and subparallel to it; a long curved ridge of beaded gran-
ules running in from the base of the lateral spine to the ends of the
deep urogastric line and bordered anteriorly by a groove. Two rounded
prominences on the cardiac region composed of rounded granules.
The entire dorsal surface is finely pubescent. The frontal margin is
slightly arched and is armed with six triangulate teeth, including the
postorbital pair. The submedian pair are separated by a wide
U-shaped sinus but are nearer to each other than they are to the sub-
median pair of teeth from which they are separated by an even wider
U-shaped sinus. The sinus between the submedian and preorbital

184 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

teeth is deeper than those between the other teeth and is unequally
proportioned, the inner side being the longer and more arcuate, the
outer side is abrupt, relatively straight. The outer pair of teeth are
wider and a trifle longer than the submedian teeth, and the preorbital
teeth are acute, not quite as long as the median pair ; just behind the
preorbital tooth and separated from it by a shallow sinus ; there is on
the superior orbital margin a second obtuse tooth ; there are two open,
V-shaped sinuses on the superior orbital margin ; the postorbital tooth
is small, acute; the inferior orbital margin has one wide sinus below
the postorbital angle; the lower margin is sinuate and beaded; the
inferior inner orbital tooth is broad, triangulate and more prominent
than any of the teeth of the frontal margin. There are eight small,
triangulate, acuminate teeth on the lateral margin ; of these the second,
fourth, sixth and eighth are a trifle smaller than the alternate teeth.
The postlateral margin is sinuate; the posterior margin is about as
wide as the space between the postorbital angles and is relatively
straight. The male abdominal belt is composed of five articles, the
first and second segments being wide and transversely keeled, the
third, fourth and fifth segments being completely fused; the sixth
segment narrows distally, the seventh segment is small, triangulate.
The sternal plastron is broad, the segments sharply defined.

The antennulae have the basal article greatly enlarged, the free
articles very slender, folding obliquely.

The antennae have the basal article extending so that its inner dis-
tal margin of the article is produced in two node-like processes; the
free second and third articles are small, the flagellum is very slender,
about one and one-half times the length of the orbit.

The external maxillipeds have the merus rounded, somewhat flaring
on its outer distal border.

The chelipeds of the male are exceedingly long and slender, more
so than those of the female. The male chelipeds have the merus as long
as the carapace between the base of the lateral spines ; it is three-sided,
with the anterior lateral margin armed with four weak and widely
spaced, obliquely outward pointing spines, and the posterior distal
angle is armed with one outpointing spine ; the upper surface is rough
with granules, frequently set in the form of arcuate, transverse rugae ;
the carpus is not quite one-third as long as the merus and is armed
with a very small, subdistal spine on its lower lateral margin, and
has the inner distal angle produced into an extremely long, carinate
spine which has its acute tip reaching to one-third the length of the

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 63.

Portunus (Achelous) depressifron-s (.Stiinpson), young, natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 185

fingers, or is equal in length to the merus; in young males and in
females this spine, though long, is less produced than in old males.
The propodus, including the fingers, is one-fourth longer than the
merus, the fingers being slightly more than one-third of this length.
The lateral margins are carinate and there is a beaded line below the
upper margin and two more prominent beaded lines which are
obliquely median. The fingers are slender, tapering, each with two
carinae on the outer face, the cutting edge dentate, meeting.

The ambulatories are very slender, the third pair the shortest, the
other two pairs being subequal. The carpus and propodus are car-
inate laterally, the dactyl long, acuminate, with a longitudinal groove,
the lateral margins heavily fringed. The natatory legs have the merus
and carpus stout, thick, the propodus and carpus broadly laminate.

Synonymy. — Achelous spinicarpus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 2, p. 149, 1870-1871.

Neptunus (Hellanus) spinicarpus A. Milne Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex-
ico, tome V, p. 221, pi. 40, fig. 1, 1879 ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 8, p. 11. — A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. 47, p. 312, 1923.

Portunus spinicarpus Kathbun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 142, 1900.

Portunus (Achelous) spinicarpus Bathbun, Bull. Labr. Nat. Hist.
State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, p. 276, 1898 ; Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm.,
vol. 20, part 2, p. 47, 1901.

Portunus (Achelous) depressifrons (Stimpson).

Plate 63.

Diagnostic characters : Lateral spine but little longer than those
anterior to it ; front not prominent, four subequal, frontal teeth ; orbi-
tal tooth broad but not bifid. A curious mask-like figure formed by
areolations on the dorsal surface of the carapace. Chelipeds with a
single distal spine on the hand.

Type: Stimpson founded the species on material "found on the
coast of South Carolina, by Captain Kurtz, and there are specimens
from the Florida Keys in the Smithsonian Museum."

Distribution : Known from Cape Hatteras, N. C, to the Antilles.

Material examined : One small male, Cardenas, Cuba, taken by the
^'Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

186 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Color: In life this crab has the upper surface of its body
and legs, except the second pair, which are purplish-blue, irregu-
larly mottled with light and dark grey, closely imitating the color of
the sand into which the crab frequently flattens itself to lie in wait
for its prey.

Technical description: Young male: Carapace oval, nearly sub-
circular, 12 mm. long, 17.5 mm. wide from tip to tip of lateral spines ;
interorbital space 5.5 mm. wide ; frontal teeth four, shallow, broadly
rounded, the inner pair slightly narrower than the outer; the orbital
teeth also rounded, but smaller than the frontal teeth; the margin
sinuate but not bifid ; the lateral margin is armed with eight teeth,
all acute ; the second, fourth, sixth and eighth teeth are subequal and
are smaller than the alternating teeth ; the ninth or lateral tooth is but
very little longer than the others and is curved slightly forward. The
anterolateral margin of the carapace is fringed with setae. The post-
lateral and posterior margins are lightly carinate. There is a curious
mask-like figure outlined in areolations on the gastric region. The
areolations of the carapace are sharply defined and the transverse
ridges have sharp, granulose edges. The depressed areas are finely
pubescent.

The chelipeds are very long in the adult, much less so in young
specimens; the merus has five, occasionally six, unequal spines on its
anterior margin, none at the posterior distal angle; the carpus has
strong spine at the inner angle, a shorter one at the outer angle ; three
interrupted granulate carinae on the upper surface ; the palm is high,
longer than the fingers, with five longitudinal, granulate carinae, the
uppermost of which terminates in an acute, subdistal tooth. The
fingers are grooved, subequal, the upper right one with a large, sub-
basal tooth.

The ambulatories are very slender, the first pair exceeding the
others; all have the three distal segments heavily fringed with setae
on the lower margins.

The natatory legs have no spines, the dactyl is oval.

The eyes are large, reniform.

The antennulae are extremely slender and fold transversely.

The basal joint of the antennae has the inferior distal angle pro-
duced into a very short, bluntly rounded node.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium short, rectangular, the
merus narrow, its inner distal angle but little excavate, the distal mar-
gin only slightly rounded ; outer face of both densely setose.

Bulletin, Vandekbilt Marine Museum, Vol. IT

Plate 64.

Lupella forceps (Fabricius). A, male; B, female; natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 187

Synonymy. — AmpJiitrite depressifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. Y., vol. 7,' p. 58, 1859.

Achelous depressifrons Stimpson, op. cit., p. 223, 1860. — A. Milne
Edwards, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 10, p. 342, 1861 ; Miss Sci.
Mex., t. V, p. 230, pi. 40, figs. 4-4a, 1879.— Coues, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1879, p. 121.— Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., p. 5, 1878. — Rankin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 11,
p. 233, 1898.

Achelous depressifrons Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci.,
vol. 13, p. 391, text fig. 36, pi. 20, fig. 3, 1908.

Neptunus depressifrons Miers, ''Challenger" Zool., Brachyura, vol.
17, p. 181, 1886.— Rankin, op. cit., vol. 12, p. 531, 1900.

Portunus (Achelous) depressifrons M. J. Rathbun, Bull. Labr. Nat.
Hist. State Univ. Iowa, p. 27, 1898 ; Bull. 20, part, 2, U. S. Fish.
Comm., p. 45, 1901 ; Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 140, 1900.— Rapport
betreffende een vooloopig onderzoek naar den toestand van de
visscherij en de industrie van zeeproducten in de Kolonie Cur-
agao, vol. 1, p. 332, 1907.

Neptunus (Achelous) depressifrons Milne Edwards and Bouvier,
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 312, 1923.

Genus : LUPELLA Rathbun.
Lupella forceps (Fabricius).

Plate 64, figs. A and B.

Diagnostic characters : Chelipeds long and slender, more so in the
male than in the female ; fingers exceedingly attenuated, longer than
the maximum width of the carapace, including the lateral spines.

Type: Fabricius simply states: "Hahitat in Oceano."

Distribution : Rather rare in the "West Indies. Taken at only four
stations by the "Fish Hawk" Porto Rican cruise. Pelagic.

Material examined: One large male and one large ovigerous fe-
male taken in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, February 4, 1924, by the
"Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding. One young specimen
taken in dragnet. Port Antonio, Jamaica, 6 A. M., February, 1926.
One large male from the same locality ; color plate made by Mr. W. E.
Belanske.

188 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Color: Mr. Belanske's color plate of this species shows the upper
surface of the carapace to be light olivaceous, while the chelipeds
and legs are lilac lavender, the dactyli of the fifth legs have the lav-
ender deepening into blue.

Technical description : Carapace hexagonal, transversely elongate,
frontal region with two pairs of teeth, besides the preorbital teeth ; of
these the inner pair are triangular, separated from each other by a
V-shaped space, and are not quite so long as the outer triangulate
pair, from which they are separated by a wider, unequal-sided
U-shaped space. The outer pair of teeth are well separated by a con-
cavity from the relatively obscure preorbital angle. The anterolateral
margin is armed with eight small, approximately subequal triangulate
teeth, including the postorbital tooth, well separated by wide sinuses ;
the lateral angle is produced into a ninth, conspicuously long, acumi-
nate, outpointing spine ; the postlateral margin is concave ; the pos-
terior margin is broad and relatively straight. The dorsal surface
has the urogastric and cervical grooves well defined and is micro-
scopically granulate. The epigastric and epibranchial lines are well
defined. The epistomal tooth is acute, not projecting beyond the
frontal margin. The inferior orbital tooth is broadly triangulate and
more conspicuous than the superior orbital tooth. There is one
straight, closed sinus midway the superior orbital border and near the
postorbital tooth; there is a small, acute tooth on the orbital border.
The male abdominal belt is T-shaped, five-segmented, the third, fourth
and fifth joints fused ; the penultimate segment nearly twice as long
as wide; the terminal segment triangulate with its distal margin
broadly rounded. The female belt is oval, seven-segmented ; the first
segment is small, nearly concealed beneath the carapace; the second
segment is small, transversely carinated, its lateral margins oblique;
the third segment is narrower, its lateral margins rounded ; the fourth
segment is about twice as long as the third and is abruptly wider with
its lateral margins rounded; the fifth segment is one and one-half
times as long as the preceding one and narrower, its outer margin
convex, converging ; the last segment is small, subtriangulate, its outer
margins convex.

The eyes have the stalks short, constricted below the cornea, which
is spherical and is set obliquely terminal.

The antennulae have the free joints very slender, cylindrical and
folding transversely beneath the frontal border.

The antennae have a prolongation of the basal joint firmly united

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 189

with the inner suborbital angle; the first free joint is stout; the sec-
ond one is slender, cylindrical ; the flagellum is tapering, multiarticu-
late, slightly longer than the eye.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium nearly as wide as long,
the distal margin diagonal, the merus nearly as long as the ischium,
with the outer lateral and distal margins produced into a convex
lobe; the inner distal margin slightly excavate for the reception of
the three- jointed palp, the last two segments of which are compressed,
lamellate.

The chelipeds in the adult male have the ischium short, terminating
in an acute spine at the anterior distal angle, the merus is about as
long as the width of the body between the bases of the lateral spines
and is rather flattened dorsally, the anterior margin armed with six
acute, outward-pointing spines of unequal size and spacing, the proxi-
mal three being smaller and closer together ; the fifth spine is nearly
twice as far from the sixth as the fourth is from the fifth ; the posterior
lateral margin bears a single distal spine ; the carpus is short, slender
and armed on the upper surface with a subdistal spine on each lat-
eral margin; the palm is about one-third as long as the merus, very
slender ; armed with an acute spine on the superior basal margin and
with another subdistal acute spine on the inner lateral margin; the
fingers are fantastically long and slender, exceeding the length of the
carapace from tip to tip of the lateral spines by five or six millimeters.
The outer lateral face of each finger bears a light carina, as does also
the palm ; the cutting edge is set with weak teeth, among which occur
at fairly regular intervals slightly larger teeth. The young males
have well-developed chelipeds, which are only half to two-thirds as
long as those of the adult males. The larger females have the meral
joint only three-fifths as long as the width of the body between the
base of the lateral spines; the propodus has the palm and fingers of
equal length, the fingers being equal to scarcely one-third the maxi-
mum width of the body.

The first, second and third ambulatories are very slender ; the first
and third pairs are subequal in length ; the second pair exceeds these
by half the length of its dactyl; the third pair is even frailer than
the other two pairs. All have the dactyli sabre-like, acuminate, ap-
proximately as long as the related propodus.

The natatory legs are the stoutest and shortest of the series; the
suboval meral joint has a single subdistal spine on the posterior lateral

190 Bulletin, VanderMlt Marine Museum, Vol. II

margin ; the propodus and dactyl are both enlarged, laminate, together
forming an oar-blade-like expansion.

Synonymy. — Cancer 4, Patrick Browne, Nat. and Civil Hist, of

Jamaica, p. 421, pi. 41, fig. 2, 1756.
Cancer forceps Fabricius, Entom. Syst. auct. et emend., II, p. 449,

1793.
Portunus forceps Herbst, Naturgh. Krabben und Krebse, pi. LV, fig.

4, 1794.— Latreille, Encycl. Meth., t. X, p. 190, 1812-25.

Lupa forceps Leach, Zool. Misc., vol. I, p. 123, pi. 54, 1814. — Desma-
REST, Consid. sur les Crust., p. 99, 1825. — Latreille, Regne ani-
mal, 2ed., t. IV, p. 34, 1825. — H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat.
Crust., t. I, p. 456, 1834. — A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat.
Zool., 4e serie, t. XIV, p. 214, 1861. — Archiv. du Museum, t. X,
p. 351, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1858 ; Miss. Sci. au Mex., p. 208, 1880.

Lupella forceps Rathbun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, No. 1, p. 22,
1897; Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 50, 1901.

Subfamily : Podophthalminae.

Genus: EUPHYLAX Stimpson.
Euphylax dovii Stimpson.

Plate 65.

Name : This crab was named in honor of its collector. Captain Dow,
who secured many new and rare animals from the "West Coast of
America. It is also known as the "periscope-eyed crab."

Diagnostic characters : There are but two species so far described
in this genus. Both are confined to the "West American coast from
the Gulf of Lower California southward to the Perlas Islands. E.,
dovii, the genotype, is readily distinguished in the field by its mag-
nificent amethystine and coral red coloration. E. rohustus* is said to
have the carapace green, the legs green, tinted with yellow and yellow-
ish-red. E. dovii has five teeth, counting the orbital tooth, on the
anterolateral margin ; all of these are mere denticles, except the orbital
tooth ; E. rohustus has only four anterolateral teeth, of which only the

♦Footnote. — Euphylax roiustus A. Milne Edwards, L€s fonds de la mer, t.
II, p. 249, 1874 ; Miss. Sci. Mexico et dans I'Amerique Centrale, t. V, p. 205, pi.
37, 1881.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 191

second is reduced, the first (orbital), third and fourth are long, strong,
triangulate teeth. The chelipeds of dovii are much slenderer than
those of rohustus; the spines on the anterior lateral margin of the
merus of dovii are much feebler than those of robustus.

Distribution : West Coast of Central America (type locality) ;
down to Peru. Rare.

Material examined: One male taken in-shore, Wafer Bay, Cocos
Island, March 5, 1926.

Color: Adult male — carapace nigrosin violet, shading into litho
purple toward the edges and on the legs ; frontal and lateral areas of
body and basal two-thirds of first, second and fourth natatory legs
pleroma violet shading into lavender violet. Terminal joints of fourth
natatory legs coral red shading into pleroma violet basally. Chelipeds
pleroma violet ventrally, light magenta dorsally on the basal half;
carpus, propodus and fixed fingers deep vinaceous red; both fingers
conspicuously marked with malachite green. Eyestalks litho purple ;
cornea shining, lilac gray.

Habits : Far out at sea, where the endlessly shifting miracle of in-
describably exquisite colors jewel the Pacific, the loveliest of the swim-
ming crabs, Euphylax dovii, makes its home. One half glimpses a
fragile, amethystine creature pulsing with sea-rhythm through the
amethystine lights and shadows. Closer inspection reveals the exceed-
ing length and slenderness of limb and delicately delineated carapace
that typify the strong swimmer. From the powerful, long, slender,
splendidly toothed claws one may infer that this species is aggressively
predatory.

Technical description : Adult male : The carapace is irregularly
oval, with the anterolateral margin evenly rounded and ornamented
with four small teeth and the postlateral margins decidedly conver-
gent. The interorbital region is decidedly narrow between the bases
of the eyestalks, but widens immediately beyond into a T-shaped
process, which latter has its frontal margin relatively straight, lightly
carinated, with a minute median notch. The frontal margin of the
carapace on either side of this process is finely beaded; behind this,
for distance equivalent to the length of the eyestalk, there is a strip
of dorsal surface of the carapace whose inner angulated edge forms
the inferior margin of the cavity into which the eyestalk fits; the in-
ferior orbital margin below the cornea is decidedly concave, finely

192 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

beaded. The superior orbital margin is gently convex along the proxi-
mal two-thirds of its length and decidedly concave on the distal third
above the cornea ; this concave area is separated at the inner angle
by a brief closed sinus ; the outer, or distal angle, is produced into a
sharp, triangulate tooth. The entire superior orbital margin is finely
beaded and fringed with close-set, silky setae, as is also the inferior
orbital margin. The first lateral tooth behind the orbital is a minute
denticle, scarcely protruding beyond the marginal line and situated
about 4 mm. behind the apex of the orbital tooth; the second lateral
tooth is similar to and is about as far behind the first tooth as the
first lateral tooth is posterior to the orbital tooth. The third lateral
tooth is weaker than the second, from which it is separated by a dis-
tance about equal to that between the second tooth and the orbital
tooth. The fourth lateral tooth is the strongest of the series, except the
orbital tooth, the distance between it and the third tooth being slightly
greater than that between the second and third teeth. The dorsal sur-
face of the carapace is glabrous, moderately convex, finely punc-
tate; a series of larger punctae approximately parallel the frontal
margin; others are prominent in the cervical groove. The cardiac
region is more protuberant than the gastric region. The cervical and
urogastric grooves are rather deep. The lateral margins of the cara-
pace and the inferior and superior orbital margins are fringed with
a series of fine, short, close-set, silky setae.

The male abdomen is triangulate, five-segmented; the first and sec-
ond segments are short, but successively increase in length ; the third,
fourth and fifth segments are anchylosed, but with the lines of fusion
clearly delineated ; the sixth segment is as long as the fused fourth and
fifth segments ; the seventh segment is only about half as long as the
sixth and is small, triangulate. The larger, stout, curved male appen-
dages have their distal part flattened like a blade and tapering at the
tip, which reaches to midway the sixth abdominal segment.

The male chelipeds are quite long, slender, but well developed
although less robust than are those of E. rohustus. The merus of
dovii, which is anchylosed with the ischium, is three-fourths as long
as the major width of the carapace ; the upper surface is flat, glabrous,
the anterior lateral margin armed with three major equidistant teeth
and a few additional, irregular denticles and a short fringe of setae ;
a similar fringe is present on the postlateral margin; the carpus is
short, knob-like, with the upper surface slightly convex, a long, spine-
like process at the inner lateral angle, a much shorter one at the outer

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 193

lateral angle, a slight curved row of denticles on the proximal half
of the dorsal surface ; the propodus, including tlie dactyl, is fully one
and one-half times as long as the merus; laterally compressed but
moderately robust ; armed on the superior and inferior lateral margins
with carina-like rows of denticles, also with one such carina in the
median line of the inner lateral face of the propodus and an isolated
denticle above this carina ; three similar denticled carinae occur on the
outer face of the propodus. The inferior dactyl comprises half the
propodal length; is strong, rather flattened, tapering to a sharp, up-
curved point; the cutting edge of the inferior dactyl is armed with
five major groups of teeth, each group consisting of a large triangular
tooth, on either side of which is a small triangulate tooth. The hinged
finger is similar to the inferior finger, but is slightly slenderer and
more curved. It also has five major groups of teeth which interfit
with those of the lower finger.

The first, second and third pairs of ambulatories are similar, but the
tip of the third pair only reaches to midway the distal joint of the
second pair. Each of these legs has the merus elongate, subcylindri-
cal; the carpus, short, compressed; the propodus, broadly flattened,
blade-like, with the lateral margins fringed with setae; the dactyl,
also flattened and fringed, a little longer than the propodus and taper-
ing to a very acuminate apex. The last pair of legs are modified as
natatory organs, as in the Portunidae; the basis, ischium, merus and
carpus are stocky, short ; the merus has a single spine placed subdis-
tally on the postlateral margin ; the propodus is as long as the merus
and carpus taken together but is flattened blade-like with the posterior
distal region especially produced ; the dactyl is broadly oval, flattened,
as long, or a trifle, longer, than the propodus. The lateral margins of
tha distal four joints of this pair of legs is fringed with short, fine
setae.

The antennules have the proximal joints slender, well-developed;
the flagellum two-branched, rudimentary ; all fold transversely in the
septum.

The antennae have the peduncular joints situated in the orbital
sinus, and a long, slender flagellum which is a little longer than the
antennulae.

The peculiarly developed eyestalk is stout, cylindrical, with a joint
at the base of the spherical cornea; a rounded, tongue-like process of
the stalk projects on the median dorsal surface of the cornea; the

194 Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

diameter of the cornea is from two to two and one-half times that of
the stalk.

Synonymy. — Euphylax dovii Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 7,
p. 93, pi. 3, fig. 5, I860.— A. Milne Edwards, Miss Sci. Mex., p.
204, pi. 38, fig. 2, 1880.— Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
38, p. 578, 1910.

Family; GONEPLACIDAE.
Subfamily : Goneplacinae.
Genus: GONEPLAX Leach.
Goneplax tridentata (A. Milne Edwards).

Plate 66, fig. A.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace box-like, frontal border straight,
anterolateral margin with three sharp anterolateral teeth, including
the postorbital.

Type: The type was taken by the ''Blake" at station 287, Barba-
dos, in 7I/2 to 50 fms., and is deposited in the National Museum d'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris.

Distribution : Hitherto known only from the type locality, Barba-
dos, 7% to 50 fms., and one specimen from Glover Reef, Caribbean
Sea, 484 fms. The " Ara" specimen adds a third record for this spe-
cies, off Alligator Reef, Florida, 150 fms., thus substantially extending
the northern range of this rare species.

Material examined: One large specimen dredged off Alligator
Reef, Florida, 150 fms., March 30, 1926, by the "Ara," William K.
Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description : Carapace about one-sixth wider than long,
interorbital space about one-third of width, with the frontal lateral
margin straight in a dorsal view, but slightly sinuate and with a
minute inferior, median dorsal tooth when viewed from the front;
frontal border with the terminal angles acute, slightly deflexed and
separated from the inner superior orbital angles by an acute incision.
The dorsal orbital margin is elliptical, nearly as long as the frontal
border and sinuate. The anterolateral borders are produced into
three strong, forward-directed, subequally spaced teeth, of which the
first or postorbital is minutely broader basally and more forward

Bulletin. Vaxd?:rbilt Marine ]Museum, Vol. II

Plate 66.

A. — Goneplax tridtniaia (A. Milne Edwards). B. — Goneplax anyulata (Pennant),

both natural size.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 195

directed than the second and third teeth, which are subequal and
outward and forward directed. The postlateral margins are subpar-
allel; although the moderately tumid hepatic regions contrasted with
the deflexed posterior branchial regions of the carapace cause the lat-
eral margins to seem more convergent ; the posterior margin which is
slightly sinuate but roughly parallels the general trend of the anterior
margin. The regions of the carapace are distinctly delineated; the
mesogastric region is moderatelj^ inflated, forming a broad, transverse
oval on the anterior part of the carapace, which is defined by the
cervical grooves laterally and is confluent posteriorly with the uro-
gastric area, which is indicated by very deep depressions on each side
connected by a transverse channel; two deep grooves contiguous an-
teriorly with the urogastric depressions curve around the cardiac-
intestinal area and are united posteriorly by a faint transverse de-
pression parallel to and near the posterior margin of the carapace.
The side walls of the carapace are deeply vaulted ; the pterygostomian
region is prominent. The epistome is well developed and prominent.

The eyes are large and fill the ocular cavitj', the stalks are short,
cylindrical ; the cornea is conspicuously dilated and about as long as
the stalk.

The antennulae have the basal article filling more than half the fos-
sett, dilated basally, curved and constricted distally, the second article
is long, very slender, cylindrical, the third article similar, but a trifle
shorter and slenderer; the flagella are quite small, less than half the
length of the preceding joint, the smaller branch consists of five slen-
der, tapering articles ; the stouter branch consists of thirteen conically
tapering articles which bear a thick, plumose brush on the ventral
side.

The maxillipeds have a small, basal article, a long, rectangular
exognath which is produced on the inner margin adjacent to the base
of the merus into triangular process which interfits with the merus
of the endognath ; the palp of the exognath is longer than the basal
article and very slender ; it consists of a basal article as long as half
the width of the merus and about 16 small, subequal tapering rings
which are set along the outer margin with very long, feathery setae.
The ischium of the endognath is rectangular, one and one-half times
as long as wide; the merus is squarish, with the lower inner margin
a little rounded; the palp arises from the inner distal angle of the
merus, is rounded and consists of three tapering joints which curve
downward beside the inner margin, extending to near the middle of

196 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

the ischial margin. The inner margin of the ischium and meriis are
fringed with long, spinose setae which practically cover the space
between the opposing maxillipeds, forming a sieve which is augmented
by the similar setae on the palp.

The male abdomen is seven-segmented, narrow, with a triangulate
tip. It is well figured in my "Crustacea from Tropical East American
Seas," p. 12, figs. 3 and 4, but the latter figure is unfortunately
labelled "female" abdominal belt; it should read ''male" abdominal
belt.

The male chelipeds are well developed, almost equal in size. The
ischium is short, slender and produced on the anterior-ventral margin
to an acute point; the merus is long, three-sided, much broader dis-
tally and armed on the inner dorsal margin with an upward pointing
spine situated a little distance behind the distal margin, which is pro-
duced to a similar but slightly less protuberant tooth at the outer
upper edge. There is a conspicuous tuft of close-set plumose setae on
the distal upper frontal regions of the merus. The carpus is nearly
two-thirds as long as the merus; the propodus is quite large, being a
trifle longer than all the preceding segments taken together. It is no
wider basally than the carpus and is produced on its upper margin
into a smaller tooth-like process at the base. The propodus widens
conspicuously, attaining its greatest width at the base of the propodal
finger. The outer basal surface of the propodus bears a tuft of setae.
It is very convex on the outer surface, but much more inflated on the
inner surface. The propodal finger is nearly half the length of the
propodus, is triangulate, laterally compressed, marked on its outer
surface by a decided longitudinal groove near and approximately par-
allel to the central margin. The tip of the propodal finger is strongly
upcurved. The inner cutting edge is divided into six teeth. The
hinged finger is set obliquely and its cutting edge is in complete appo-
sition with that of the propodal finger. It bears two small teeth
basally, then a very large, obtuse tooth followed by two small teeth,
the finger tip curves downward and crosses upon that of the lower
finger. The smaller cheliped differs only in size and in having less
prominent teeth along the cutting edge of the finger.

The ambulatory legs are quite long and slender, the first three pairs
are smaller and subequal; the fourth pair is similar in structure but
does not quite extend to the tip of the propodal joint of the third leg;
the ischium is short and decidedly slenderer. The first legs are sub-
equal. The merus is decidedly the longest joint of the limb and is

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 197

decidedly laterally compressed; the carpus is small, only about one-
fourth as long as the merus, very narrow basally and dilated distally ;
the propodus is about a third longer than the carpus and is as wide
throughout its length as the carpus is distally. The dactyl is a trifle
longer than the propodus and is very slender, tapering to an exceed-
ingly acuminate point; moderately convex on its outer surface and
produced to a prominent tooth midway its upper or dorsal margin;
the anterior inner face of the carpus below this tooth is covered with
a mat of close-set plumose setae.

Synonymy. — Frevillea tridentata A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus.

Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 16, 1880. — ^A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier,

MeuL Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 338, pi. 6, fig. 3, 1923.
Goneplax tridentata Eathbun, Bull. 97, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 29, 1917.—

Boone, Bull. Bingham Oceanog. Coll., vol. 1, art. 2, p. 10, figs. 2,

3 and 4, 1927.

Goneplax angulata (Pennant).

Plate 66, fig. B.

Type: The Pennant type came from Weymouth, and was in the
Portland Cabinet.

Distribution : Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean on the coasts of
Northwestern Africa, Spain, France and England.

Material examined : One female infested with Rhizocephalid para-
site dredged in 35 fms., 5 miles N. E. by N. of Cape Carthage, Gulf of
Tunis, Mediterranean Sea, July 21, 1927.

Technical description : Carapace box-like, one-third wider than
long. Frontal margin approximately two-sevenths of the body width ;
relatively straight, median point faintly indicated by the ventral pro-
jection dividing the antennular fossae; the sidewalls are high; the
anterolateral angles are very acute, outward directed, the lateral mar-
gins are distinctly convergent posteriorly; the posterior margin is
wide, slightly sinuate. The dorsal surface is regularly punctate.
Except the clearly defined urogastric line, the regions are but scarcely
indicated. The female abdominal belt is of moderate width, oval,
seven-segmented. The sternal plastron is wide, its sutures showing
clearly. Orbital cavity elongate, filling the frontal margin, moderately
wide, broadly concave distally for the reception of the large, convex
cornea. The superior orbital margin is sinuate, more deeply concave

198 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

near the outer angle as is also the inferior orbital margin, which is
beaded.

The pterygostomian region is moderately convex.

The eyestalk is cylindrical, finely punctate, the cornea spherical,
terminal.

The antennulae have the basal joint greatly enlarged, flattish;
the next two articles long, slender, cylindrical, the flagella small, un-
equal. The antennulae fold transversely within the septum.

The antennae have the fixed basal joint very small, squarish; the
next article similar but slightly smaller, the third joint only half as
large as the second, the flagellum consisting of about 20 tapering ar-
ticles, totaling a length about equal to the eyestalk.

The external maxillipeds are moderately separated; the ischium
is rectangular, almost squarish, with a submedian longitudinal groove ;
the merus is not quite as long as the ischium but has its distal margin
oblique and its inner distal angle obliquely truncated, causing the
merus to appear five-sided. The palp has the basal joint much stockier
than the other two, which are successively tapering. The inner lat-
eral margin of merus and ischium are heavily fringed with stiff setae.

The chelipeds are slightly unequal in the female ; the merus is short,
triquetral, with an acute spine about midway the outer lateral margin ;
the carpus is rounded, convex, with an acute spine on the inner angle ;
the palm is two-thirds as high as long in the smaller cheliped and four-
fifths as high as long in the larger cheliped with the outer face
slightly convex; the fingers are about as long, or a trifle longer than
the palm, slightly deflected, tapering, meeting throughout their
length; the cutting edge irregularly dentate; the tips curved.

The ambulatories have the meral joint much the longest and widest
with a subdistal spinule on the anterolateral margin ; the carpus is
much narrower and one-third as long as the merus ; the propodus is
a third longer than the carpus and narrows distally ; the dactyl is as
long as the propodus and falcate.

Synonymy. — Cancer angulatus Pennant, Brit. Zool., t. IV, p. 7, pi.

V, fig. 10, 1777.
Ocyspoda angulata Bosc, Hist. Nat. des Crust., t. I, p. 198, 1802.

Gonoplax angulata Leach, Edinb. Encycl., t. VII, p. 430, 1814. —
Milne Edwards and Bouvier, Exped. Sci. du Travailleur et du
Talisman, Crust. Decap., p. 106, 1900. — 0. Pesta, Die Decapoden
Fauna der Adria, p. 436, fig. 144, 1918 (and very full synonymy).

Bulletin, Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 67.

Speocarcinvs carolinensis Stiinpson, slightly enlarged.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and ''Ara," 1921-28 199

Cancer rhomboides Herbst, Krabben u. Krebse, pi. I, fig. 12, pi. XLV,
fig. 5, 1792.

Ocypoda rhomhoides Bosc, Hist. nat. des Crust., t. I, p. 198, 1802.

Gonoplax rhomhoides Desmarest, Consid. gen. sur la cl. des Crust.,
p. 125, pi. Ill, fig. 2, 1825.

Subfamily : Prionoplacinae.

Genus: SPEOCARCINTJS Stimpson.

Speocarciaus carolinensis Stimpson.

Plate 67.

DiAGXosTic CHARACTERS: Carapace very convex longitudinally, al-
most subcylindrical, nearly flat transversely, front about one-third
of total width, weakly incised in median line ; anterolateral margin
with five teeth, including the postorbital, which is fused with the
adjacent tooth, forming a wide truncated tooth, the remaining teeth
are triangulate, separated from each other by wide U-shaped sinuses.
Chelipeds nearly equal, those of male much larger than those of
female, palms high, fingers long, deflected.

Type : Prof. Stimpson 's type, which is no longer extant, came from
Charleston Harbor, S. C, found in subterranean galleries excavated
in mud at low water mark, presumably by other crustaceans or by
large worms.

Distribution : South Carolina at Charleston southward to the "West
Indies.

Material examined : One male from Nipe Bay, tag 125, and one
female dredged in 5 fathoms, south coast of Cuba, Feb. 15, 1924, tag
208, by the ''Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding, establishes
the first Cuban record for the species. Three males and one female
caught in Limon Bay, Panama, February 26, 1926, by the ''Ara/'

Technical description : Carapace very convex longitudinally, al-
most subcylindrical, nearly flat, transversely; frontal region equal to
nearly one-third the width of the carapace, relatively straight, very
weakly incised in the median line, the anterolateral margin is slightly
rounded, armed with five teeth, including the postorbital; the first
tooth is wide and shallow, united with the postorbital ; the second tooth
is broadly rounded but deeply incised; the third tooth is the longest

200 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

of the series, slightly outward and upward directed, acuminate; the
fourth tooth is similar but smaller and more acuminate. The upper
surface of the carapace is punctate and finely setiferous. The regions
are very definitely delineated, the urogastric and cervical grooves
being the most heavily impressed. The postlateral margins are dis-
tinctly convergent, and the posterior margin is relatively straight.
The first and second abdominal segments are narrow, exposing the
sternal plastron. The female abdominal belt is seven-segmented; the
male has the third, fourth and fifth segments coalesced.

The orbit is oblong, marginal. The eyes are movable, the eyestalk
tapers slightly distally; the cornea is terminal, a trifle smaller than
the stalk, with a tongue-like projection of the stalk on its upper
surface.

The external maxillipeds are well separated and have the meral
joint of the endognath subquadrate with the inner distal angle
notched for the reception of the palp.

The chelipeds are much larger in the male than in the female and
are slightly unequal in the male. The meral point has an acute, sub-
distal spine on the upper lateral margin ; the carpus is convex on the
upper surface and has an acute tooth at the inner, upper angle and
below this and more proximal in position a lesser tooth, about one-
half to two-thirds as strong as the dorsal one ; the propodus, includ-
ing the fingers, is nearly as long as the greatest width of the carapace,
the fingers being two-fifths of this length and strongly deflected ; the
palm is dilated, its height equal to three-fourths its greatest length,
the outer surface slightly rounded, smooth; the fingers of the right
cheliped are slightly stockier and are separated by a gape, each armed
with a few weak teeth. The fingers of the opposite hand are slenderer,
longer, with many teeth closed upon each other, the curved tips over-
lapping.

The ambulatories are slender, pubescent, subsimilar, except that the
fourth pair have the dactyl curved upward ; there are heavy fringes of
setae on the dactyli, and also on the upper margins of the hand and
finger of the cheliped.

Synonymy. — 8peocarcinus carolinensis Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, p. 59, pi. 1, figs. 1-3, 1859.— Eathbun, Bull. U.
S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 11, text fig. 2, 1901 ; Bull. 97,
U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 39, pi. 8, pi. 159, fig. 6, 1918.

Bulletin, Yaxderijilt Marine Museum, Vol. II Plate 68.

Cliasmocarciniis latipes Eatlibini. A, female; B, male; X 2.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 201

Subfamily: Rhizopinae IVIiers.
Genus: chasmocarcinus Rathbun.
Chasmocarcinus latipes Kathbun.

Plate 68, figs. A and B,

Diagnostic characters : This is the only species of the genus so far
described from the West Coast of America. The carapace is box-like,
longitudinally convex, widest anteriorly. The eyes are directed
obliquely forward when seen in a dorsal view. The meral joint of the
ambulatories is wide.

Type: The female holotype comes from Magdalena Bay, Lower
California, depth 51 fms., and is deposited in the United States Na-
tional Museum.

Distribution : Hitherto known only from the holotype. The south-
ern range of the species is substantially extended to Cocos Island, by
the '^Ara" material and male specimens are for the first time recorded.

Material examined: Three females, two males, taken inshore.
Wafer Bay, Cocos Island, Pacific Ocean, March 30, 1926, by the
*'Ara," William K. Vanderbilt, commanding.

Technical description : Carapace box-like, longitudinally convex,
widest posteriorly, lateral margins converging anteriorly; frontal
margin relatively straight, equal to about two-fifths the frontal width,
superior orbital margin deeply concave, directed obliquely forward
and outward; the eye not quite filling the orbit; the anterolateral
angle is rounded; the lateral walls are high and the lateral margins
defined by a line which is granulate, as is also the posterior part of
the carapace; the anterior region is covered by punctae. A pair of
unusually deep longitudinal depressions, one on each side of the uro-
cardiac region, separate it from the branchial region; the urocardiac
line is clearly defined and posterior to the cardiac region is a deep
little pit behind the longitudinal depression. There is a fine, sparse
pilosity on the upper surface of the carapace which is much longer
on the lateral walls and legs. The sternal plastron is wide in both
sexes, its sutures sharply defined. The female belt is seven-segmented,
oval, attaining its greater width in the fourth segment; the lateral
margins of the second to sixth segments, inclusive, are broadly

202 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

rounded and well separated from one another. The male belt is nar-
rowly triangular, five-segmented ; the third, fourth and fifth segments
being fully coalesced into onej the terminal segment is narrowed,
triangulate.

The antennulae have the basal joints much enlarged, flattish; the
second and third joints elongated, cylindrical.

The basal joint of the antennae is enlarged; the free articles are
slender, tapering.

The eyestalks are small, tapering, movable. The cornea is terminal.

The chelipeds are distinctly unequal in the female and more pro-
nouncedly so in the male. The merus is short, three-sided ; the carpus
is nearly square in outline, slightly convex on the upper surface, the
inner lateral angle is weakly dentate in the female, less so in the male ;
the propodus is arched, the palm high, the fingers slightly longer than
the palm, tapering, finely dentate, tips curved. In the female the
large cheliped has the propodus nearly a third thicker than does the
smaller one. The male has the large propodus nearly twice as high
as the small one and much more inflated. Both lateral margins of
the merus and propodus are fringed with long setae.

The ambulatories are long, slender; the third pair is the longest;
the second pair almost as long as the third ; the first pair are next in
length, being scarcely three-fourths as long as the second pair; the
fourth pair of legs are only a trifle shorter than the first pair and have
the dactyli recurvate. All four legs have the meral joints about one-
third wider than the related carpus. Both anterior and posterior
lateral margins of all the legs are fringed with setae.

The external maxillipeds are set wide apart, the space between them
being equal or slightly greater in width than one maxilliped. The
ischium is subtriangular, with a single prominent longitudinal groove
on its outer face; the merus is not quite as long nor as wide as the
ischium and is subovate, set obliquely on the ischium; the palp is
large, three-jointed, cylindrical; the inner lateral margins of the
ischium and merus are fringed with setae as is also the distal joint
of the palp.

Synonymy. — Chasmocarcinus latipes Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 21, p. 602, pi. 43, fig. 5, 1898 ; Bull. 97, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 57,
text figs. 25 and 26, 1918.

p
2:;

Boo7ie, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 203

.Family : GRAPSIDAE.

Subfamily: Grapsinae.

Genus: GRAPSUS Lamarck.

Grapsus grapsus Linne.

Plate 69.

Name: "Sally Liglitfoot"; rock crab.

Diagnostic characters: Carapace vivid scarlet, discoidal; carpal
spine ovate-acuminate; fingers spoon-shaped. Front vertical, depth
in median line slightly greater than half its length.

Type: The type localities were given as America and Ascension
Island. The type material is no longer extant.

Distribution : ' ' Sally Lightf oot " is a well-known inhabitant of the
tropical and subtropical shores of America from Miami, Florida,
southward through the West Indies and Bermudas to Pernambuco,
Brazil, on the East Coast and on the West Coast from San Benito
Island. Lower California, southward, including the Galapagos Islands,
down to Chile; it is also known from the tropical eastern Atlantic,
including the Azores and the west coast of Africa.

Material examined : One young female, one male taken along the
tideline, Turtle Rocks, Bahamas. Seven specimens from Hood Island,
Galapagos, several of which are egg-laden, March, 1928 ; four of these
specimens are in the juvenile molt. One male, Wafer Bay, Cocos
Island, March 5, 1928, taken by the ''Ara," William K. Vanderbilt,
commanding.

Color: Adult male. Bright scarlet on the dorsal surface of the
carapace and legs ; the epistome is light orange yellow touched with
scarlet ; the pterygostomian region and underside of the carapace are
neropalin blue streaked with light orange yellow; parts of the inner
and under sides of the basal joints of the legs are neropalin blue ; the
merus, carpus and part of the propodus are bright scarlet ; the distal
part of the propodus and daetyli are light orange yellow; the cheli-
peds have these latter joints vivid scarlet. The eyestalks are yellow ;
the cornea is violaceous. The adult female has the same coloration as
the male.

Young : Male and female. The carapace is chocolate brown striated
with light orange yellow and maculated with flecks of neropalin blue.

204 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

The chelipeds are predominently neropalin blue basally with the car-
pus and propodus vivid scarlet, the finger-tips orange. The ambula-
tory legs have the basal, meral and carpal joints light scarlet, muscu-
lated with light orange yellow; the propodus reddish-brown; the
dactyl brownish-yellow, with black spines. The eyestalks are yellow,
the cornea violaceous. The above notes were made from a color plate
by Miss Isabel Cooper, staff artist of the Arcturus Expedition.

Habits: Nearly two hundred years ago, Catesby, in his ''Natural
History of Florida, Carolina and the Bahama Islands," gives the
following account of this crab : ' ' These crabs inhabit the rocks over-
hanging the sea; they are the nimblest of all other crabs; they run
with surprising agility along the upright side of a rock and even
under rocks that hang horizontally over the sea; this they are often
necessitated to do for escaping the assaults of rapacious birds which
pursue them. These crabs, so far as I could observe, never go to land,
but frequent mostly those parts of the promontories and islands of
rocks in and near the sea, where by the continual and violet agitation
of the waves against the rocks they are always wet, continually re-
ceiving the spray of the sea, which often washes them into it, but they
instantly return to the rock again, not being able to live under water
and yet requiring more of that element than any of the crustaceous
kinds that are not fish."

Technical description : Carapace discoidal ; frontal border ver-
tical, its depth slightly more than half its length ; anterior dorsal inter-
orbital surface with a median longitudinal groove which is posteriorly
confluent with the mesogastric lines ; a submedian notch and its slight
posterior sulcus bisect each half of the frontal region. The postorbital
tooth is acute ; slightly behind it is a second sharp tooth, just anterior
to the base of the latter the unusually deep cervical groove arises, pro-
ceeds diagonally to the urogastric region and thence runs posteriorly
close together outside the cardio-intestinal region. The anterior frontal
interorbital region is marked by irregular, transverse rows of low
tubercles. There are twelve prominent, transverse, slightly arcuate
ridges, the anterior of which begins at the inner basal angle of the
anterolateral tooth and curves across the carapace to near the median
dorsal area. All the transverse grooves become vague in the median
dorsal region, where the oblique grooves defining the regions of the
carapace predominate. The surface of the carapace between the
grooves is decidedly reticulated, the subcentral region of the carapace

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 205

being marked with heavier longitudinal reticulations. There are a
pair of depressions at the outer margin of the urogastric region.

The orbits are not quite half as long as the interorbital border, with
a distinct notch near the inferior outer angle and a wide inner hiatus
Avhich is partly filled by the antennal peduncle, and partly by an iso-
lated tooth. The eyestalks are cylindrical, with a distinct median con-
striction on the outer upper side and a rounded process projecting
on the cornea, which is very convex, elliptical, set obliquely terminal.

The antennulae are set nearly transverse in narrow fossae and are
partly concealed by the frontal border.

The antennal peduncle partly fills the orbital hiatus and has a con-
spicuous excretory tubercle on its basal joint; the flagellum is quite
small and lies within the orbital hiatus.

The external maxilliped has a tapering rod-like exognath which is
two-thirds as long as the endognath and bears on inner, thread-like
flagellum about half as long as the basal rod; the ischium of the en-
dognath is subrectangular with its inner margin fringed with setae, as
long as the merus, the latter being a trifle wider distally than the
ischium, and having its inner distal margin depressed ; the palp arises
from the antero-external angle and has an unusually large sublobate
first joint which fits upon the distal border of the merus, and has its in-
ferior distal margin produced ; the second joint is much smaller but is
distinctly three-sided ; the third joint is quite small but thick and armed
on its inner surface with a brush of setae. The maxillipeds are set
wide apart from each other, showing the mandibles. This space be-
tween the maxillipeds at its widest point is one and one-half times as
wide as the width of the maxilliped at the distal end of the ischium.
The pterygostomian region is finely tometose. The abdominal belt
consists of seven segments in both sexes.

The chelipeds (male) have the coxa produced to a tooth-like process
at its outer distal angle ; the basis is small and fused with the ischium ;
the latter is produced to a tooth-like process on its distal ventral mar-
gin and bears four or more sharp little teeth on its inner ventral mar-
gin ; the merus is slightly longer than its distal width, three-sided with
all three margins denticulate, the inner ventral one most pronouncedly
so; the carpus is short, convex and denticulate on its outer margin,
with a large, lanceolate acuminate tooth on its inner marginal angle ;
the propodus is high, subovate, convex on its outer surface, with a
sharp, flat tooth at the upper distal margin near the propodal finger,
with the upper edge of the propodus and half of the finger denticu-

206 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

late; below this are several irregular, flat tubercles; a longitudinal
carina composed of bead-like tubercles runs from the base of the pro-
podus to the inner angle of the propodal finger; a second, similar
carina runs almost to the tip of the propodal finger ; below this carina
a series of ten oblique ridges, the distal of which are bead-like, orna-
ment the lower outer surface of the propodus and lower finger; the
fingers are subequal, spoon-shaped at the tip, the lower finger is armed
with five teeth along the cutting edge, inside of which are a series of
tufts of coarse setae ; the upper finger is similarly toothed and tufted.
The fingers meet only at the tips.

The ambulatory legs are similar, successively increasing in length
posteriorly, the first pair being shorter than the second by the length
of almost half the propodus and the dactyl of the latter; the third,
fourth and fifth pairs increase in length by less than half the length
of the dactyl. All except the first pair have the basal joint produced
into a tooth-like process at both its inner and outer distal angles ; the
basis fused with the ischium, the latter produced to a tooth-like process
on the dorsal anterior distal angle only on the fourth and fifth pairs
of legs ; all four pairs of legs have merus conspicuously dorsoventrally
compressed, slightly more than twice as long as wide with the frontal
margin ridge-like; the distal margin multidentate ; the upper surface
denticulated by many oblique striae; the carpus is half as long as
the merus, very narrow basally and dilated distally, produced to an
acuminate point on the anterior distal angle and longitudinally tra-
versed by a wide, groove-like depression and two carinae. The pro-
podus is about as wide but somewhat longer than the carpus, has a
distinct longitudinal groove near its anterior margin and a series of
spines and bristles on its postlateral margin; the dactyl is very pow-
erful, terminating in a strong, claw-like tooth and armed with four
longitudinal rows of strong, tooth-like, horny spines, the series suc-
cessively increasing in size distally.

Synonymy. — Pagurus maculatus Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, Flor-
ida and Bahama Islands, vol. 2, p. 36, pi. 36, fig. 1, 1743.

Cancer grapsus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 630, 1758.
Grapsus pictus Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vols. 6 and 7, p. 69, 1802
and 1803.

Grapsus wehhi Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20,
p. 16 and p. 167 (133), 1853.

Grapsus goniopsus pictus DeHaan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 33, 1835.

-IT

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 207

Grapsus maculatus Milne Edwards, Hid., p. 167, pi. 6, figs. 1-ln, 1853.

Grapsus ornatus Milne Edwards, Hid., p. 168, 1853.

Grapsus altifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p.

230, 1860.
Grapsus grapsus Ives, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. PMla., p. 90, for 1891. —

Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 30, 1895.— Rathbun,

Bull. 97, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 227, pis. 53-54, 1917 ; Bull. Amer.

Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, p. 629, 1923.— Boone, Zoologica, N. Y.

Zool. Soc, vol. 8, No. 4, p. 244, fig. 90, 1927 ; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.

Hist., vol. 58, No. 11, p. 577, fig. 13, 1929.— Rathbun, Bijdragen

tot de Dierkunde, Natura Artis Magistra te Amsterdam, Aflev. 23,

p. 18, 1924.

Subfamily: Sesarminae.

Genus : ARATUS H. Milne Edwards.
Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards).

Plate 70.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace trapezoidal, frontal margin very
wide, four-lobed; front nearly vertical, entire. Chelipeds bristly
outside.

Type: Prof. Milne Edwards' type came from the Antilles and is
deposited in the National Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Distribution: Found near fresh, brackish or salt water in the
mangrove roots, near the tide line. Known from southern Florida
to Brazil on the East Coast, and from Nicaragua to Peru on the West
Coast.

Material examined: One male taken on the shore at Catalina
Creek, Cuba, tag 91, by the "Ara."

Technical description : Carapace trapezoidal, frontal margin very
wide, orbits extending to the anterolateral margin; front vertical,
four-lobed, about four times as long as deep ; its lateral margins sub-
parallel, the upper one margined by a line of granules, a decided
median groove separating the wider outer lobes from the inner
lobes ; posterior to the outer pair is a smaller pair of lobes. The lower
margin is divided by a median incision. The postorbital angles are
acute; the lateral margins are carinate, convergent, the posterior
margin is slightly rounded. There are a series of five or six, subpar-

208 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

allel carinae running obliquely in from along the posterior half of the
lateral margin toward the postlateral angle; the regions of the cara-
pace are sharply delineated; the frontal region and gastric lobes are
granulose, the sides finely punctate, the remaining upper surface
smooth, shining. The pterygostomian region is very finely and regu-
larly beaded. The male abdomen is seven-segmented, subcircular,
except for the last segment, which is abruptly narrowed with its dis-
tal margin rounded.

The antennulae fold transversely beneath the frontal margin.

The antennae are small and are excluded from the orbit by a
broad rounded lobe.

The eyestalk is short ; the cornea is large, terminal, highly developed.

The external maxillipeds are well separated, the distance between
them being quite equal to the width of one maxilliped. The ischium
is unequally suboval, the inner side being more convex than the outer ;
there is a distinct median channel on the outer face of the ischium ; the
merus is oblong oval, scarcely one-sixth longer than the ischium ; with
a distinct groove subparallel to the outer margin and a deeper groove
obliquely channelling the median region ; the palp is narrow, elongate,
setiferous ; the inner lateral margins of the maxilliped are also fringed
with long, stiff setae.

The chelipeds are small, a sharp subdistal tooth on the upper ischial
margin; the merus three-sided, granulose on the lower surface and
margins ; the carpus is convex, granulose. The propodus of the male
is greatly dilated, convex, granulose and furnished with clusters of
stiff bristles ; the fingers are nearly as long as the palm, in the male
gaping widely, the tips meeting, the inner edges weakly dentate ; there
are bristles on the proximal half of both fingers.

Ambulatories long, slender, successively decreasing in length pos-
teriorly; meral joint oblong, suboval, one-third as wide as long, the
anterior lateral margin with an acute distal and subdistal tooth; the
upper surface roughly granulose; the carpus is elongated, narrowed
basally, dilated distally with two longitudinally carinae ; the propodus
is about twice the length of the carpus and narrows distally ; the dac-
tyli are short, stout, less than one-third the length of the propodi,
very acuminate; both lateral margins of the propodi and dactyli are
set with stiff curved spines which assist the crab in its climbing.

Color: My field-notes made on specimens observed in southern
Florida and in Cuba state that this crab is deep mottled bottle green
on the body, the eyes velvety brown ; the ambulatory legs green with

K
W
G

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 209

sharply etched reddish margins and tips; the chelae green with red-
dish lines; the finger-tips ocher yellow. According to Marcgrave de
Liebstad, who first recorded and figured the species from Brazil, it is
many colored, brown, blue, white, red, chelae whitish yellow at the
extremities. I am inclined to think that possibly some of the colors he
attributes to this species may really belong to species of Sesarma,
unless the young of A. pisonii, like that of Grapsus grapsus, have a
different coloration. This point is one worthy of the attention of
future field workers.

Synonymy. — Aratv prinima Marcgrave de Liebstad, Hist. Rer. Nat,
Brasil, lib. 4, p. 185, and text figure.

Sesarma pisonii Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 76, pi.
19, figs. 4 and 5, 1837.

Aratus pisonii Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20,
p. 187, 1853. — Rathbun, Rapport betreffende een vooloopig onder-
zoek naar den toestand van de visscherij en de Industrie van
zeeproducten in de Kolonie Curagao, vol. 1, p. 340, 1907; Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus. 97, p. 323, pi. 96, 1918 ; Bijdragen tot de Dier-
kunde, Natura Artis Magistra te Amsterdam, Aflev. 23, p. 18,
1924.

Subfamily : Plagusiinae.

Genus: percnon Gistle.
Percnon gibbesi Milne Edwards.

Plate 71.

Name : Dedicated to Lewis R. Gibbes, an American carcinologist.

Diagnostic characters : Carapace thin and ovate, disk-like, longer
than wide, with the tubercles of the dorsal surface flattened. Inner
surface of palm devoid of bristles. Meral joint of ambulatories of
moderate size, not very wide, as compared to the Pacific species.

Type: The type came from the Antilles and is deposited in the
Paris Museum National d 'Historic Naturelle,

Distribution: Subtropical and tropical shores of America, from
Lower California to Chile on the west ; from southern Florida, south-
ward in the Bahamas, Bermudas, and "West Indies to Brazil ; the east-
ern Atlantic from the Azores to the Cape of Good Hope.

210 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Color: The body of the crab is mottled brown, salmon and rosy
flesh-color with a median longitudinal stripe of bright light blue ; the
under side of the body is pale blue. The legs are ringed with reddish-
brown alternating with bands of light rose pink; on the under side
they are entirely pinkish.

Material examined : One male, taken from pond in the middle of
Sand Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida, November 27, 1923, by William
K. Vanderbilt.

Technical description: Carapace oval, thin, flattish, disk-like,
slightly longer than wide; regions feebly delineated; upper surface
finely punctate and with an exceedingly fine coating of minute setae,
a few widely separated low flat tubercles. The front, antennular and
preorbital angles and epistome are all deeply, sharply spinose. The
frontal region between the antennae is narrow, approximately twice
as long as wide proximally, armed with a pair of acute forward point-
ing spines, one on each side midway the lateral margin, beyond which
the rostrum abruptly narrows and curves downward and terminates in
two acute, upcurved spines which are separated by a V-shaped space.
There are three or four spinules on the proximal half of the rostral
margin. The preorbital angle also terminates in a sharp, upcurved
spine, equal to and in line with the distal rostral spines. Behind this
on the preorbital margin is a second acute, up-pointed spine in line
with and equal to the subdistal spine of the rostrum ; a third smaller
spine occurs behind the second ; the outer half of the superior orbital
margin is serrate with eight or nine small teeth ; the postorbital angle
is an acute tooth; behind it on the anterolateral margin are three
subequal and subequally spaced acute teeth ; the posterior lateral mar-
gin is slightly carinate. The epistome is armed with five acute spines ;
the submedian pair being slightly smaller than the other three; the
outermost pair are visible dorsally and the median one would be
except that it lies directlj'' beneath the rostral horns.

The external maxillipeds have the ischium very large, subrectangu-
lar, with the inner angles rounded; its width about three-fourths of
its length; the merus is very small, decidedly narrower than the
ischium and set obliquely upon it; the palp is rather long, slender,
conical, tapering and set with spinose setae, as is also the inner lateral
margin of the merus and ischium. The exognath is rod-like, very
slender, extending barely more than half the length of the ischium.
The male belt is triangular, with the tip rounded; segments three to

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 211

five, inclusive, fused, forming one segment. The sternal plastron is
wide and flat.

The antennulae are large and armed with spinulose setae on the
exposed face of the long, cylindrical peduncular joint.

The antennae have the basal joint flat, suboval, with each distal
angle acuminate, spinose; the median distal margin deeply excavate
for the reception of the second joint which is subcylindrical and armed
with a sub-basal spine on its lower face; the third joint is short,
bulbous ; the flagellum is fine, composed of fifteen or twenty tapering
rings.

The eyestalk is short, cylindrical, with a short, semioval projection
on the cornea, which is large, reniform.

The chelipeds are equal, of moderate size ; the merus is three-sided,
spinose along its anterior lateral margin and armed with acute spines
at both anterior and posterior distal angles; anterior face of merus
very setose ; the carpus is convex and armed with eight to ten spines ;
the palm is smooth, suboval, three-fourths as high as long ; the fingers
short, deflected, with spoon-shaped tips meeting.

The ambulatories have the second and third pairs longest, sub-
equal ; the first pair next in length, extending three-fourths the length
of the propodus of the second leg ; the seventh leg reaches to scarcely
midway the propodus of the third leg; the meral joints of the first
three legs are each elongated; that of the first leg is not especially
widened, but those of the second and third legs are one-third as wide
as long ; the meral joint of the fourth leg is also widened but is only
half as long as the merus of the third leg; two fiat, hairless, longi-
tudinal carinae separated by a setose area on the upper surface of
each meral joint; the anterior meral margins are set with a row of
long, acute spines which slightly diminish in size towards the proxi-
mal end. On the first, second and third legs each a row of secondary
spinules parallels the marginal row; this secondary row is absent on
the fourth ambulatory; the posterior lateral margin of the meral
joints terminate in an acute subdistal tooth.

Synonymy, — Acanthopus gihhesi Milne Edwards, Ann, Sci, Nat. Ser.
3, Zool., vol, 20, pp, 180 and 146, 1853.

Leiolophus planissimus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 1, p..

153 (part) 1878.
Percnon planissimum Rathbun, Pro. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, p. 281^

1900, (part).

212 Bulletin, Vanderlilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Percnon gibhesi Ratubun, Rapport betreffende een vooloopig onder-
zoek naar de toestand van de visscherij en de Industrie van zee-
producten in de Kolonie Curagao, vol. 1, p. 341, 197; Bull. 97,
U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 337, pi. 105, 1918 ; Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde,
Natura Artis Magistra te Amsterdam, Aflev. 23, p. 18, 1924.

Family : GECARCINIDAE Dana.

Genus : CARDISOMA Latreille.
Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille.

Plate 72.

Names : Gray land crab ; mulatto land crab ; tourlourou ; gaunhumi.

Diagnostic characters: A large species, adults bluish grey, occa-
sionally with a greenish cast; young, violet to purple. Male appen-
dages of the first abdominal segment with blunt extremity.

Type: Latreille 's type came from Brazil and is deposited in the
Paris Museum.

Distribution : A land dwelling species, known from southern Flor-
ida, the Bermudas, the Bahamas, southward through all the West
Indian Islands, along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and down to
Sao Paulo, Brazil. Bouvier has also reported this crab from "West
Africa.*

Material examined: One female from Miami Beach, Florida,
February, 1922.

Habits: The giant land crab of the southern United States, West
Indian region and northern South America is gregarious, living both
in open fields and wooded lands. It builds deep rambling tunnel-like
burrows in the earth, usually near moisture. In these tunnels the
crabs spend a great part of the day, venturing forth at night to obtain
their food. In periods of drought the crabs will close the entrance to
their tunnels with moist earth, in an effort to retain the moisture in
the homes. In the breeding season they go down to the sea in vast
numbers and deposit their eggs; the larval stages of the young are
passed in the sea, but when they attain a length of one-quarter inch,

* Footnote. — Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 13, 1901.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 213

or thereabouts, the young crabs return to the land and soon after
disappear into the brush. When they first leave the sea they are
more reddish than violet, but the first moult after leaving the sea
they become violaceous. Mystery surrounds the moulting of these
crabs. It is really unknown whether they retire to the safety of their
burrows for this ecdysis, or whether it takes place simultaneously
with the breeding season, when they go down to the sea. Careful
search over a period of eight months, August to May, in southern
Florida failed to reveal a single shed, either on land or sea. Nor
could I find a single native who could enlighten me on this point.

Technical description: Carapace transversely cordate, decidedly
convex from front to back; greatest width across the median gastric
region equal to one and one-sixth times the length; lateral borders
tumid. The anterolateral margin is defined by a carinate line which
begins at a denticle just behind the orbital angle ; this line becomes
less distinct with age. The mesogastric and cardio-intestinal regions
are sharply delineated by grooves. The interorbital space is equiva-
lent to two-fifths of the frontal width of the carapace and is rela-
tively straight, with a carinate edge which is continuous with the
sinous superior orbital margin, which extends to the acute postorbital
tooth; the greatest height of the orbit is equal to three-fifths of its
length ; the lower orbital margin is a carinate line. The sides of the
front are oblique. The pterygostomian region is densely tomentose.

The antennulae are small and fold obliquely beneath the frontal
margin.

The antennae have the basal article greatly enlarged, squarish, with
the lateral margins a little convex and the distal one emarginate for
the reception of the second article, which is much smaller; the basal
article fits within the inner orbital sinus and touches the frontal mar-
gin. The flageUum is minute, hair-like.

The buccal cavern is elongate, squarish, one-sixth higher than wide.
The external maxillipeds are well separated, the mandibles showing
through the rhomboidal space between. The exognath is rod-like,
densely tomentose, reaching to two-fifths the length of the merus ; the
ischium is a trifle longer than the merus, subquadrate, the inner lateral
margins oblique, an oblique near the inner margin; the merus is
roughly quadrate-oval, set a little obliquely when in repose, the inner
margin rounded slightly more than the outer; the palp, which is
almost entirely exposed, arises from near the outer distal angle of

214 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museuin, Vol. II

the merus and folds around its distal and inner margin. The palp
is tipped with a tuft of setae; the inner lateral margins are heavily
setiferous.

The ehelipeds are markedly unequal in both sexes; sometimes in
old males the claw is of greater size than the body. The merus is
three-sided; spinulose along the lateral margins; the carpus is eon-
vex on the upper surface, armed with an acute tooth at the inner
angle ; in old specimens this tooth is frequently obsolete ; the propodus
is high, suboval; the height of the palm in the female is equal to its
length on the lower margin and exceeds that of its upper margin;
the fingers of the larger claw are triangulate, gaping, spoon-tipped,
with a few weak teeth. Those of the other hand are less or not at all
gaping.

The ambulatories are slender, the second pair longer than the first
and third, which are subequal; the fourth pair is shortest, scarcely
reaching to the tip of the propodus of the third pair. All four pairs
have the meral joint stout, slightly wider than the remaining joints.
The carpus is one-half as long as the propodus, which is three-fourths
as long as the merus; the dactyli are strong, slender, acuminate, as
long as the propodus ; both lateral margins are lightly carinated. The
distal three joints are set moderately with tufts of bristly setae. The
carpal and propodal joints are scarcely half as wide as the meral,
slender, subcylindrical, setose; the carpus is scarcely half the length
of the meral and is armed with a spine at its posterior distal angle ;
the propodal joint is approximately twice the length of the carpal;
the dactyl is a trifle less than half the length of the propodus and is
very acuminate, tipped and armed with a series of five or six horn-
like spines on the inferior lateral margin; there is a cluster of simi-
lar spines at the inferior distal margin of the propodus.

The female abdominal belt is oval, seven-segmented; the sixth seg-
ment is more than twice as wide as the fifth, the distal segment is
abruptly smaller, subtriangulate with its tip rounded.

The male belt is also seven-segmented and externally differs slightly
from the female in that it is more triangular than oval; the sixth
segment is practically twice the length of the preceding segment. The
first pair of appendages are straight, stocky, triquetral, the tips
slightly flattened laterally and rounded, each tip armed with an
oblique, rounded appendage and above this a small, straight process
which does not extend beyond the rounded extremity of the thickened
portion.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 215

Synonymy. — Gicanhumi Marcgrave de Liebstad, Hist. Rer. Natur.
Brazil, 1648, p. 18^, with text figure.

Cangrejos terrestris Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de His-

toria Natural, Havana, p. 163, pi. 57, 1787.
Ocypode ruricola Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, p. 35, 1803, but

not plate 24, fig. 2.

Gecarcinus carnifex Latreille, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 12, p. 511,
1817.

Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. Entom., vol.
10, p. 685, 1825. — Milne Edwards, Ann. Sei. Nat. Ser. 3, Zool.,
vol. 20, p. 204, pi. 9, 1853. — Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and
Sei., vol. 2, p. 143, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1870. — Ratecbun, Rapport betref-
fende enn vooloopig onderzoek naar den toestand van de viss-
cherij en de Industrie van zeeproducten in de Kolonie Curacao,
vol. 1, p. 331, 1907.— Verrill, ihid., vol. 13, p. 310, text fig. 3 and
pi. 9, fig. 1, 1908.— Rathbun, Bull. 97, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 341,
pi. 106, 107, 1918; Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, Natura Artis
Magistra te Amsterdam, Aflev. 23, p. 18, 1924.

Ocypode (Cardisoma) cordata DeHaan, Fauna Japon. Crust., p. 27,
1835.

Ocypode ruricola Freminville, Ann. Sei. Nat. Ser. 2, Zool., vol. 3,
p. 217, 1835.

Ocypoda gigantea Freminville, Ann. Sei. Nat. Ser. 2, Zool., vol. 3,
p. 221, 1835.

Cardisoma quadrata Saussure, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve,

vol. 14, p. 438, pi. 2, fig. 13, 1858.
Cardisoma diurnum Gill, Ann. Lye, Nat. Hist, vol. 7, p. 42, 1859.

Family: OCYPODIDAE.

Subfamily: Ocypodinae.

Genus: OCYPODE Fabricius 1798.
Ocsrpode albicans Bosc, 1801. .

Plate 73.

Where Aphrodita's opalescent foam-bells ring and break in

echoing beauty.
Along the shelly shingle, dances the ocean-sprite, Ocypode.

216 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Names : Ocean sprite ; ghost crab ; sand crab ; shadow crab.

Diagnostic characters: This is the only member of the genus
known from the East Coast of the Americas. The fingers are pointed.
The eyes are rounded apically ; the outer orbital angle is usually less
advanced than the front, but in occasional specimens it is about equal
to the front.

Type: Bosc's type, which is no longer extant, came from "la
Caroline."

Distribution: Ocypode albicans is well known from the coast of
New Jersey southward to Florida; along the coast line of the Gulf
of Mexico and Central America, throughout the "West Indies and Ber-
mudas and along the South American coasts as far south as Santa
Catharina, Brazil. It has been occasionally taken as far north as
Rhode Island, and the megalops stage has been found in Vineyard
Sound, Mass.

Material examined : Two females taken on the beach at Dry Tor-
tugas, Florida, November 26, 1923.

Habits : The rapidity and dexterity of the movements of the ghost
crab, combined with its remarkable gift of protective mimicry make
it one of the most strikingly interesting crustaceans of the East Coast.
It lives in deep burrows near or above the high tide mark along the
sandy beaches. These burrows are of two kinds: one consists of a
single tunnel extending down into the sand for three or four feet,
the other is similar but shorter and usually has one or more passages
branching off from it which is used for escape. During most of the
time, Ocypode lives on the land, going to the water only occasionally
for the purpose of moistening the gills. Like most of the terrestrial
Crustacea, it is partly nocturnal, hunting and feeding chiefly at night.
It is both a scavenger, devouring unfortunate victims stranded by the
tide and, in times of stress, a cannibal. It usually remains in the
moist cool of its burrow during the middle part of the day. When
pursued, it runs with astonishing rapidity, then stopping abruptly
and flattening itself so closely into the sand, simultaneously assuming
the coloration of the sand, that it is very difficult to distinguish.

The breeding season occurs in spring and early summer. Little is
known of the early life-history of the species except that the advanced
megalops stages have been taken in the plankton.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 217

Color : This species possesses in marked degree the power of rap-
idly changing its color in mimicry of that of its surroundings, a fact
which explains the various colors ascribed to it by different authors.
Dr. Verrill states : ' * Color — pepper and salt, pale yellow, straw color
or yellowish white, imitating the color of the beaches." This con-
forms to the present writer's observations made on a number of speci-
mens in the West Indies and southern Florida. Occasional specimens
taken from the spray were pale seafoam green.

Technical description: Carapace subrectangular, interorbital
space 5 mm. wide; upper border of orbit sinuous, produced to a
rounded point at the distal end of the eyestalk, thence arcuate to the
acute anterolateral angle; the frontal border is beaded or finely ser-
rate ; the lateral borders are slightly bowed anteriorly, but somewhat
convergent posteriorly ; below this convergent region the vaulted side-
walls of the carapace show in a dorsal view ; the posterior margin is
slightly sinuous at the ends but approximately subparallel to the an-
terior margin. The anterior part of the cervical groove, the meso-
gastric depressions, the urogastric and anterior cardiac regions are
clearly delineated.

The orbit is very large and consists of two chambers; the lower
consists of a border which has a triangular sinus below the outer angle,
a notch midway and there is a short, triangular tooth near the base of
the eyestalk. The eyestalk is very short, exceedingly flexible at the
hinge and produced in a tongue-like projection on the upper surface
of the cornea. The cornea is very large, shining black, convex distally.

The antennulae have only the basal joint visible ; this is cylindrical,
tapering distally, and is closely appressed in the space below the eye
and adjacent to the produced frontal border. The basal joint is much
enlarged and modified as an auditory organ.

The antennae are rudimentary ; the first and second joints are small,
fixed; the third joint is nearly as long as the first two, somewhat di-
lated distally ; the flagellum consists of twelve tapering rings, of which
the proximal two are much larger than the rest.

The external maxilliped has the exognath exceedingly narrow and
tapering, reaching only to the base of the merus; the ischium of the
endognath is rectangular, a third longer than broad ; the merus is half
the length of the ischium but much narrower distally, both the ischium
and merus are transversed medially by a broad, shallow, longitudinal
groove ; the palp arises from the outer distal angle of the merus ; the

218 Bulletin, Yanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

first joint of the palp, which is dilated distally, lays above the distal
margin of the merus, while the second and third joints of the palp
are directed downward along the inner margin of the merus and
ischium; the second joint is smaller and is only about two-thirds the
length of the first, while the third joint is very slender, tapering and
slightly longer than the first. The outer surface of the ischium and
merus are coarsely granulose and sparsely set with short setae; the
inner margin of the merus and ischium are thickly fringed with
longer setae, the two distal joints of the palp bear a long, heavy brush.
The lateral and frontal sides of the carapace are coarsely denticulate.

The male abdomen consists of seven segments.

The female abdomen consists of seven segments, the first to sixth
inclusive successively increase in length, the fifth being nearly twice
the length of the fourth and the sixth twice the length of the fourth ;
the seventh is very small, triangular. The second to fifth segments,
inclusive, each bear a pair of biramous appendages. Each appendage
consists of a short peduncular article, a long, curved, fringed outer
branch and an inner branch consisting of a long, basal article directed
diagonally towards the center and a distal branch which lies along the
median line and consists of a long base and ten or twelve articulated,
or semiarticulated annulations distally ; the inner blade is also fringed
with long setae.

The chelipeds are conspicuously unequal in both sexes. Both cheli-
peds are much shorter than the ambulatories. The first three articles
are small, the merus of the large chela is three-sided with both ventral
margins decidedly denticulate ; the carpus is short, convex outwardly,
with a pronounced spine on the inner margin; the propodus is high
with the distal parts deflected, its outer surface is squamously tubercu-
late, the lateral edges, including those of the fingers, are serrate ; the
fingers are similar, subequal, traversed by two longitudinal carinae,
the cutting edges not quite meeting except at the tips, and serrate with
small teeth, the tips acuminate, slightly curved. The larger chela has
a stridulating ridge that is composed of fourteen to sixteen tubercles
and is not quite half as long as half of the greatest width of the palm.
This ridge plays against a smooth carina on the distal part of the
upper anterior margin of the ischium.

The ambulatory legs are quite long and have the upper surface
reticulated ; the meral joints are the longest and are rather broad, with
the anterior margin finely carinate and serrate; the carpus is about
half as long as the merus and much slenderer ; the propodus is about

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 219

three-fourths as long as. the merus. The dactyl is approximately as
long as the propodus and is very slender, acuminate and carinated.
The depressions between the carinae are setiferous. The second pair
of legs is the longest, exceeding the first pair by slightly more than
one-half the length of the dactyli, and the third pair by about one-
third the length of the dactyli; the fourth pair are much smaller,
reaching only halfway the propodus of the third pair. All ambulatory
legs are heavily fringed with long, light yellow hairs.

There is a small, round branchial aperture situated between the
bases of the third and fourth legs which have the posterior surface of
the basal joint of the third leg closely appressed to the anterior sur-
face of the basal joint of the fourth leg, both of these surfaces are
flat and closely opposed; their distal margin is bordered by a dense
fringe of setae, which appear to have an olfactory function. This
aperture opens into the branchial cavity behind a rounded tubercle
which is situated above the third leg, where a branchia is absent in
Ocypode. Over this aperature a complete tube is formed by ridges
which arise above the articulation of the legs and by the projection
of the carapace. "Water passes inward through these apertures, over
the gills and out through the frontal aperture.

Synonymy. — Cancer arenarius Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, vol. 2, p.
35, pi. 35, 1743.

Cancer vocans Linnaeus, Sys. Nat. ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 626, part, 1758.

Cancer quadratus Fabricius, Mant. Ins., vol. 1, p. 315, 1787; Ent.
Syst, auct. et emend., vol. 2, p. 439, 1793.

Ocypode quadrata Fabeicius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 347, 1798.

Ocypode rhomlea Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 348, 1798.

Ocypoda albicans Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 196, and X,
1801-02. — Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, p. 48, and XI,
1802-03.— Eathbun, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 134, 1900;
BuU. 97, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 367, pis. 127 and 128, 1917 ; Rapport
betreffende een vooloopig onderzoek naar den toestand van de
visscherij en de Industrie van zeeproducten in de Kolonie Curagao,
vol. 1, p. 342, 1907.

Ocypode arenarius Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 1, p. 69,
1817.

Monolepis inermis Say, op. cit., p. 187.

220 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Ocypoda arenaria Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 44, pi.
19, figs. 13 and 14, 1837.— Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 5,
vol. 10, p. 384, pi. 17, figs. 7-7b, 1882.

Genus: UCA Leach.

Uca pugnax (S. I. Smith).

Plate 74, fig. C.

Diagnostic characters: A small species; carapace extremely con-
vex from front to back; eyebrow nearly vertical. Oblique ridge on
the upper surface of palm very granular, terminating at the carpal
cavity.

Type : The type was taken at New Haven, Conn., and is deposited
in the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University.

Distribution: Eastern coast of the United States, from Province-
town, Mass., to New Orleans, La.

Material examined: Three males from the shores of the ''Eagle's
Nest," Northport Harbor, Long Island, N. Y., September 11, 1928.

Technical description: Carapace very convex longitudinally,
widest across the anterior median region. Frontal border scarcely
two-sevenths of total f ronto-orbital width ; the superior orbital margin
is sinuous, quite oblique, it and the front are margined by a flat
carina ; the lower orbital margin is coarsely dentate ; the anterolateral
angle is obtuse, not produced. Anteriorly the lateral margins are
slightly convex and then abruptly run inward as a carinate line sepa-
rating the high sidewall from the dorsal surface. The dorsal surface
is glabrous, the H-shape depression deep; there is a pit behind the
median orbital margin and another on the branchial region in line with
the gastro-cardiac sulcus. The pterygostomian region is densely to-
mentose and the external maxillipeds are setiferous. The male belt is
seven-segmented ; the female belt is also, but is very wide, oval.

The antennulae and antennae offer no specific characters.

The eyestalk is slender, the cornea set obliquely terminal, oval,
shining black.

The great cheliped of the male has the palm two-thirds as wide as
the carapace and its height is equal to two-thirds of its own width;
the outer face is moderately rounded, very granulose ; the upper mar-
gin with a distinct beading. The oblique ridge on the inner surface
of the palm terminates at the carpal cavity. The fingers are widely

Bulletin, Yanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. II

Plate 74.

A. — Uca coJoradoensis Rathbun. B. — ^Female of same. C. — Uca pugnax (S. I.

Smith), both slightly enlarged.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of ''Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 221

gaping about one and one-fifth times as long as the palm — in older
males even longer; the upper finger is the longer, with the tip de-
cidedly down-curved. The small male cheliped is weak, the finger
spoon-shaped, for holding and sieving mud. The female chelipeds are
weak, subequal, similar to the small one of the male.

The ambulatories are slender, decreasing in length in the order:
3, 2, 1, 4, the meral joint stout and long, the carpal and propodal
joints very setose, the dactyli slender, long sharp.

Between the second and third ambulatories at the base is an aper-
ture into the branchial cavity, which is guarded by a heavy tuft of
close setae. This aperture permits the crab to control the water
content of the branchial cavity.

Synonymy. — Gelasimus vocans Gould, Kept. Invert. Mass., p. 325
(part), 1841.

Gelasimus vocans, variety A, DeKay, Nat. Hist. New York Crust.,
p. 14, pi. 6, fig. 10, 1844.

Gelasimus pugilator LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 7,
p. 403, 1855.

Gelasimus palustris Smith, Amer. Nat., vol. 3, p. 557, 1870.

Gelasimus pugnax Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2,
p. 131, pi. 2, fig. 1, pi. 4, figs. 2-2d, 1870.

Gelasimus vocator Ejngsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 147
(part), 1880.

TJca vocator Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 10, p. 352 (part), 1897.

TJca pugnax Rathbun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, p. 585, 1900 ; Bull. 97, U. S.
Nat. Mus., p. 395, pi. 139, 1918.

Uca color adensis (Eathbun).

Plate 74, figs. A and B.

Diagnostic characters: This is a little species; the carapace has
the frontal border one-fourth the width of the carapace; the lateral
margins angled, straight anteriorly, then abruptly directed inward
at the widest point. The male great cheliped has the upper surface
of the palm at right angles to the outer face. The oblique ridge inside
the palm is continued to the upper margin.

222 Bulletin, Vanderhilt Marine Museum, Yol. II

Type: The type was obtained by the U. S. Fisheries steamer
''Albatross" at Horseshoe Bend, Colorado River, and is deposited in
the United States National Museum.

Distribution : Mexico — adjacent to the upper reaches of the Gulf
of California and south to Canos Island, Costa Rica.

Material examined : One male and one female from Canos Island,
Costa Rica, February 15, 1928, taken by the ''Ara," William K. Van-
derhilt, commanding.

Technical description: Carapace widest across the anterolateral
angles; length three-fifths of this width; decidedly convex longitudi-
nally ; frontal margin straight ; one-fourth of the greatest width of the
carapace; orbital sinus long and wide, scarcely filled by the slender
stalk, inferior margin visible for the greater part of its length in a
dorsal view, coarsely beaded ; superior orbital margin slightly sinuate
and margined by a flat carina, which is also continuous across the
frontal margin; anterolateral angles slightly peaked forward from
a roof above the cornea when the latter is retracted. Lateral margins
straight anteriorly, subparallel, then abruptly turned inward, a car-
inate line separating the side walls from the dorsal surface. Posterior
margin straight; dorsal surface glabrous, sparsely, microscopically
punctate. The H-shaped depression is very deep as is also the cervical
groove. The pterygostomian region is densely tomentose. The male
abdominal belt is seven-segmented, rather broad, with the tip rounded.
The female belt is very wide, oval, with the seven segments sharply
separated.

The external maxillipeds are convex on the outer surface, close-
fitting into the margins of the buccal cavity, but with a distinct,
setae-fringed space between the two halves. The exognath extends to
the distal angle of the merus; the ischium is long, subrectangular,
with the distal margin a trifle diagonal ; the merus is scarcely half as
long as the ischium, squarish, with a deep median longitudinal groove
on its outer face, its distal margin emarginate; the palp arises from
the outer distal angle, its basal joint is elongate, laminate, sinuate,
fitting across the top of the merus; the second and third articles are
stocky, cylindrical, setose, as are also the inner lateral margins of the
merus and ischium, these setae forming a sieve-like arrangement across
the space between the maxillipeds.

The eyestalk is long, slender ; the cornea terminal, large, oval, shin-
ing black.

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-28 223

The antennulae have the basal article greatly enlarged reaching to
the base of the eyestalk and the frontal margin; the free joints are
much reduced and fold transversely within the fossett.

The antennae have the first free joint nearly as wide as long, with
its distal margin furnished with numerous long, stiff setae; the next
joint long, cylindrical; the flagellum half as long as the eyestalk.

The great cheliped of the male has the meral and carpal joints
projecting beyond the body for a distance equal to the greatest width
of the carapace ; while the propodus, folded across in front of the
animal, extends the tip of its fingers beyond the opposite side of the
body ; the height of the palm is nearly equal to its length in the median
line ; the outer and upper surfaces are smooth, moderately rounded ;
the proximal part of the inner face of the palm is excavate and fits
upon the carpus, the upper proximal border of the palm folding above
the carpus when reflexed, its margin granulate. The oblique granulate
ridge on the inner surface of the palm is bent almost at right angles
and is continuous to the upper margin. The lower finger is one and
one-fifth times as long as the palm and the upper is one and two-fifths
times as long as the palm, its tip distinctly down-curved. There is a
very wide gape between them throughout their entire length; the
cutting edge is finely dentate, one rudimentary tooth on each finger.

The small cheliped is one and two-thirds times as long as its adja-
cent ambulatory, has the palm small, the fingers weak, subequal,
widely gaping. The chelipeds of the female are subequal, both very
weak and similar to the small male cheliped.

The ambulatories are slender, decreasing in length in the following
order: 3, 2, 1 and 4; each has the meral joint somewhat widened and
roughened on the upper surface, with series of transverse granulae;
the dactyli are slender, falcate, margined laterally with fine setae ; a
longitudinal groove on the outer lateral face.

Synonymy. — Gelasimus coloradoensis Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 16, p. 246, 1893.

Uca coloradoensis Holmes, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, p.
76; 1900; Rathbun, Bull. 97, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 410, pi. 147,
1918.

INDEX FOR VOL. II

Acanthopus 211

gibbesi 211

Achelous

depressifrons 187

gibbesii 174

ordwayi 177

sebae 179

spinicarpus 185

spinimana 182

spinimanus 164

xantusi 164

Acknowledgements 11

Alima 42

gracilis 42

Amphitrite 187

depressifrons 187

Anasimus 74

latus (plate 20) 13, 74

Announcement 8

Arana 207

Ara 9

Aratus 207

pisonii (plate 70) 17, 207

Aratv 209

prinima 209

Bathynectes 153

longipes (plate 51, fig. A) 19, 153

Brachygnatha 65

Brachyryncha 123

British Museum of Natural History 11

Calappidae 62

Calappa 62

angustata 62

flammea (plate 14) 12, 62

granulata 64

marmorata 64

Calcutta Museum 11

Callineetes 154

diaeanthus 156

hastatus 156

larvatus (plate 53) 15, 157

marginatus 158

marginatus larvatus 158

sapidus (plate 52) 15, 154

Cancridae 148

Cancrinae 148

Cancer 148

amaenus (plate 50) 17, 150

angulatus 198

arenarius 219

224

corrugatus 169

' ' four ' ' 190

(Mantis) arenarius 32

borealis (plate 49) 15, 148

cornudo 104

coronatus 100

coryphe 100

dorsettensis 71

facchino 47

flammea 64

furcatus 104

forceps 190

gonagra 145

grapsus 206

hispidus „ 91

irroratus 17, 150

lanatus 47

longirostris 69

maia 115

marinus scutiformis 179

mercenaria 132

' ' nine ' ' HO

princeps 61

punctatus 56

quadratus 219

Sagittarius 66

sayi 152

Scorpio 71

seticornis 66

squinado 115

Tocans 219

Cangrejo 104

cornuda 104

espinosa 97

terrestris 215

Cardisoma 212

diurnum 215

guanhumi (plate 72) 17, 212

quadrata 215

Carpilius 132

corallinus (plate 43) 15, 132

Chasmocarcinus 201

latipes (plate 68, figs. A, B) 19, 201

Cliloridus 124

floridanus 124

Chlorinus 104

armatus 104

Collodes 76

granosus (plate 21, figs. A, B) 76

Copenhagen Museum 11

Coryrhynchus 74

riisei 74

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 225

Dasygius 78

depressus (plate 22) '.. 18, 78

Dorippidae 45

Dorippe 45

lanata 47

lanatus 19, 47

Driope 74

falcipoda 74

Dromiacea 42

Dromidae 42

Dromidia 42

antillensis (plate 7, figs. A, B) 11, 42

Eagle 9

Eriphides 145

hispida • (plate 48) 145

Eriphia 144

gonagra (plate 47, fig. B) 144

hispida * 18, 148

squamata (plate 47, fig. A) 18, 143

Eriphinae 143

Euphvlax 190

dovii (plate 65) 18, 190

robustus 190

Frevillea 19 7

tridentata 197

Gay, Hazel 11

Gecarcinidae 212

Gecarcinus 215

carnifex 215

Gelasimus 220

coloradoensis 223

palustris 220

pugilator 220

pugnax 220

vocans 220

vocator 220

Geographical distribution of spe-
cies 11, 20

Glyptoxanthus 125

vermiculatus (plate 41, A, B) 14, 125

Goneplacidae 194

Goneplacinae 194

Goneplax 194

angulata (plate 66, fig. B) 197

tridentata (plate 66, fig. A) 16, 194

Gonoplax 198

angulata 20, 198

Gonodactylus 21

chiragra 24

gonagra variety oerstedii 24

oerstedii (plate 1) 11, 21

Grapsidae 203

Grapsinae 203

Grapsus 203

altifrons 207

goniopsis pictus 206

grapsus (plate 69) 17, 19, 203

maculatus 207

ornatus 207

pictus 206

webbi 206

Guaia 56

alia 56

punctata 56

Guanhumi 215

Hepatulus 60

princeps (plate 60) 12, 60

Hepatus 62

fasciatus 62

princeps 62

Heteractea 125

lunata (plate 40, fig. A) 18, 127

Hyas 80

aculeata 87

alutacea 82

alutaceus 82

bufonis 82

coarctata 82

coarctatus (plate 23) 17, 80

coarctatus variety alutacea 82

coarctatus variety latifrons 82

latifrons 82

serratus 82

ursinus 82

Introduction 9

lUa 60

ornata 60

Inachinae 65

Inachus 70

dorsettensis (plate 18) 19, 70

longirostris 69

Sagittarius 66

Scorpio 71

Kirschner, Julius 11

Labrador-New England Fauna 17

Lambrus 117

agonus 117

crenulatus 119

granulatus 120

lupoides 119

melanodactylus 120

pontalesii 123

pourtalesii 123

serratus 119

verrilli 123

Leilophus 211

planissimus 211

Leptodius 123

floridanus (plate 38, figs. A,

B) 14, 123

226

Bulletin, Vanderhilt Museum, Vol. II

Leptopodia 67

canariensis 67

lanceolata 67

lineata 67

ornata , 67

sagittaria 67

Sagittarius 67

vittata 67

Leucosiidae 53

Leucosiinae 53

Libinia 84

canaliculata 85

distincta 85

dubia (plate 24, fig. B) 84

subspinosa 85

Lissa 82

fissirostra 82

Lobopilumnus 134

agassizii (plate 40, fig. B) ... 15, 134

agassizii variety bermudensis 136

Lophopanopeus 129

heathii (plate 41, figs. A, B) 129

Lupa 156

diacantha 156

forceps 190

gibbesii 174

hastata 156

pelagica 166

sayi 166

spiniinana 182

Lupea 179

sebae 179

Lupella 187

forceps (plate 64, figs. A, B) 16, 187

Lysiosquilla 32

maculata (plate 3) 11, 29

Macrocoeloma 105

diacantha 110

diacanthus 110

eutheca (plate 32, fig. B) 14, 105

trispinosa 110

trispinosum (plate 33, figs. A, B,

C, D) 14, 108

Macropodia 69

longirostris 69

rostrata 69

sagittaria 67

tenuirostris 69

Macropus 69

longirostris 69

Sagittarius 66

Scorpio 71

seticornis 66

?Maia 115

crispata 115

Scorpio 71

Maia 113

verrucosa (plate 34) 19, 115

Maiidae 113

Maiinae 113

Maja 66

sagittaria 67

Sagittarius 66

seticornis 66

spini-cinata 91

Majidae 65

Majinae 86

Matutidae 60

Mediterranean Fauna 19-20

Menippe 130

mercenaria (plate 42) 15, 130

Menippinae 130

Micropanope 137

spinipes (plate 44, fig. A) 137

Microphrys 110

bicornuta 113

bicornutus (plate 32, fig. A) 14, 110

Microrynchus 80

depressus 80

Milnia 112

bicornuta 112

Miner, Eoy W 11

Monolepis 219

inermis 219

Mithracuius 99

Mithrax (Mithracuius) 100

coronatus 100

coryphe (plate 30, fig. A) 14, 99

forceps (plate 30, fig. B) 14, 100

forceps hirsutipes 102

Mithrax (Mithrax) 81

acuticornis (plate 29, fig. A) 13, 93

caribbaeus 92

cornutus (plate 28, fig. B) 13, 96

depressus 92, 93

holder! (plate 29, fig. B) 13, 97

hispidus (plate 27) 13, 81

pleuracanthus (plate 28, fig. A)

13, 92

sculptus 100

"V 'Mithrax spinicinctus 91

Monaco, h 'Institute Oceanograph-

ique 11

Museu Paulista, Brazil 11

Museum of Comparative Zoology 11

Nemausa 95

Neorynchus 80

depressus 80

Neptunus 187

cruentatus 177

depressifrons 187

gibbesii 174

Boone, Crustacea, Cruises of "Eagle" and " Ara," 1921-28 227

hastatus •; 157

ordwayi 177

sebae 179

spiniearpus 185

spinimanus 182

sulcatus 160

vocans 163

xantusi 164

New York Zoological Society 11

Nibilia 82

antilocapra 13, 82

Nichols, John T 3

Ocypoda 198

albicans 219

angulata 198

arenarius 220

gigantea 215

Ocypode 215

albicans (plate 73) 17, 215

arenarius 219

(Cardisoma) cordata 215

quadrata 219

rhombea 219

ruricola 215

Ocypodidae 215

Ocypodinae ~ 215

Omalacantha 112

hirsuta 112

Oost- Indische Zee Crabbe 66

Othonia 87

aculeata 87

anisodon 89

Iherminieri 89

Oxyryncha 65

Oxystomata 45

Pagurus 206

maculatus 206

Paris, Museum National d'Histoire

Naturelle 11

Parthenope 115

Parthenope (Parthenope) agonus

(plate 35) 14, 115

Parthenope (Platylanibrus) crenu-

lata 120

Parthenope (Platylambrus) crenu-

latus 120

Parthenope (Platylambrus) pour-

talesii (plate 37) 14, 120

Parthenope (Platylambrus) serrata

(plate 36, figs. A, B) 14, 117

Parthenope (Platylambrus) ser-

ratus 120

Parthenopidae 115

Parthenopinae 115

Percnon 209

gibbesi (plate 71) 17, 209

planissimum 211

Perieera 112

bicorna 112

bicornis 112

bicornuta 112

cornuta 104

dicantha 110

diacantha 110

eutheca 108

trispinosa 110

Persephona 53

edwardsii (plate 10, fig. A) 18, 53

guaia 56

lamarcki 56

latreillei 56

punctata (plate 10, fig, B) 12, 54

orbicularis (plate 11, figs. A,

B) 18, 56

Pilumnus 136

agassizii 136

andrewsi 140

brasiliensis (plate 45) 15, 137

floridanus (plate 46) 15, 141

lunatus 129

spinifer (plate 44, fig. B) 19, 140

spinipes „ 138, 141

Pisa 112

bicorna 112

galibica 112

purpurea 112

trispinosa 110

Pisinae 80

Pitho 86

aculeata (plate 25, fig. A, B) 13, 86

anisodon (plate 26) 13, 87

quadridentata 88

Plagusinae 209

Platycarcinus 152

irroratus 150, 152

Podochela 71

deflexifrons 74

hypoglypha 74

riisei (plate 19) 12, 71

spatulifrons 74

Podonema 74

hypoglypha 74

riisei (plate 19) 71

PodopthaLminae 190

Poecilasma 148

inequilaterale 148

Portunidae = 154

Portuninae ~ 154

Portunus (Achelous) 177

depressifrons (plate 63) 16, 185

gibbesii (plate 59) 16, 172

ordwayi (plate 58) 16, 172

sebae (plate 60) 16, 177

spiniearpus (plate 62) 16, 183

spinimanus (plate 61) 16, 179

228

Bulletin, Vanderhilt Museum, Yol. II

Portunus (Portunus) 158

corrugatus (plate 57) 20, 167

holsatus (plate 58, fig. A) 20, 170

sayi (plate 55, fig. B) 16, 165

sulcatus (plate 54) 15, 158

vocans (plate 55, fig. A) 16, 161

xantusi (plate 56, figs. A, B) 163

Portunus 169

carcinoides 169

corrugatus (plate 57) 168

forceps 190

lividus 172

longipes 154

marmoreus 172

pelagicus 166

strigilis 169

subcorrugatus 169

Prionplacinae 199

Pseudocarcinus ~ 132

mercenarius 132

Pseuderiphia 148

hispida 148

Pseudosquilla 24

ciliata 28

ciliata variety occidentalis (plate
2) 11, 24

Eandallia 59

ornata (plate 12) 18, 59

Raninidae 48

Raninoides 48

laevis lamarcki (plate 9, figs. A,

B, C) 11, 18, 48

Ehizocephalid 197

Ehizopinae 201

Sacculina 70

neglecta 70

Sesarma 209

pisonii 209

Sesarminae 207

Southwick, W. H 11

Speocarcinus 199

carolinensis (plate 67) 17, 199

Stenocionops 102

furcata (plate 31) 14, 102

Stenorynchus 68

longirostris (plate 17) 19, 68

Sagittarius 67

seticornis (plates, 15, 16) 12, 65

tenuirostris 69

Squilla 21

alba (plate 5) 12, 32, 34, 39

arenaria 31

chiragra 24

ciliata 28

glabruiscula 32

gracilis 12

maculata 31

mantis (plate 4) 12, 32

panamensis variety B. (plate

6) 17, 39

styUfera 28

vittata 32

Squillidae 21

Tropical American Pacific Fauna 17
Titcomb, Margaret 11

Uca 220

coloradoensis (plate 74, figs. A,

B) 19, 222

pugnax (plate 74, fig. C) 17, 220

vocator 220

Vanderbilt Marine Museum, 6, 9

Vanderbilt, William K 6, 9

Vanderbilt, Mrs. William K 2

West Indian Fauna 11-17

Xanthidae 123

Xantho 132

mercenaria 132

vermiculatus 127

Ziska, Helen 11

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Full text of "...Scientific results of the cruises of the yachts "Eagle" and "Ara", 1921-1928, William K. Vanderbilt, commanding. Crustacea.."

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