SB
945
L7B782
1900
ENT
TH E
SECOND REPORT
OF THE
Merchants' Locust
INVESTIGATION COMMISSION
OF
BUENOS AIRES
BY
LAWRENCE BRUNER
Professor of Entomology and Ornithology in the University
of Nebrasl^a, U. S. A.
Published in English and Spanish
BY THE Commission
1900
Hunter-Woodruff Printing Co.
Lincoln
Sfe
1 HE
SECOND REPORT
OF THE
Merchants' Locust
INVESTIGATION COMMISSION
BUENOS AIRES
LAWRENCE BRUNER
Professor of Entomology and Ornithology in the University
of Nebraska, U. S. A.
Published in English and Spanish
BY THE Commission
1900
Hunter-Woodruff Printing Co.
Lincoln
LETTER OP SUBMITTAL.
Gentlemen : —
Herewith is presented a second rei^ort on the labors of
the writer wdiile engaged in the study of the large Destruc-
tive Migratory Locust of the Argentine Republic and sur-
rounding regions of South America. This second report
was thought advisable because considerable additional data
has been accumulated concerning that insect since the issu-
ance early in 1898 of the former report. Besides, while
studying the Sclilstocerra paranensis, much information has
been gathered relative to various of the other locusts native
to the country. Some of these latter have also been ascer-
tained to likewise cause considerable damage to both wild
and cultivated vegetation. It is for this reason that they too
are treated at some length here. In fact, the greater por-
tion of the present report is devoted to a fairly detailed
synopsis of the entire locust family as represented in the
Republic. The most important reason for this treatment of
the other locusts, along with the one especially studied, is
that the data which makes this latter j^aper jDossible has
been accumulated by the Commision and should be given to
the public for whose benefit these studies were undertaken
in the first place.
The writer wishes here to thank the Commission as a
whole, and the individual members separately, for the uni-
form courtesy with which he has been treated both while in
Argentina and since returning to his labors in the United
States. The Sub-commission also deserves special mention
for the faithfulness it has exhibited in gathering and for-
warding all of the data that has enabled the writer to make
the w^ork as complete as it is.
In the preparation of this report it has been jDOssible for
the writer to show many of the forms treated by having so
good an artist as is Edna L. Hyatt at hand to make the
drawings from the originals.
Lawrence Bruner.
REPORT.
The following condensed outline will indicate to the reader
the chief topics connected with the locust problem in Argen-
tina that have received the attention of the Commission:
iof mature insect,
of uiatui'e larva or saltona.
of eggs and egg-mass.
r^. . ., .. s ill winter.
^'^tr)bution -; .^^^^.. ,^^,^,^^^ ^f y^^^._
of mature insect or voladora.
Habits ] of young or saltona.
( — bunching throughout life.
Wintering — as voladora or imago.
I Method of. , o t. t-\ 4- 1
T,^ , • 1 r,^- .. bept. Oct. and
Kgg-laymg • lime of year ■ ^ , .,.
{ One cartucho or more? ' '^' '
( Spring — Away from wintering quarters ) Taken together form-
Flights j Summer — Irregular - ing a sort of circuitous
( Fall — Toward wintering quarters ) ,iourney(des.inRept.I.)
f Attacking { Trox.
I eggs . . } Anthomyia.
f Insects I Attacking \ Beetles,
j saltona . ) Wasps, etc.
l^ Attacking t Diff. Parasitic
Natural enemies — voladora -j Wasps.
Animals -I ( Robber flies.
Other \ (4ordius.. } attack- j Saltona.
invertebrates) Merimis. \ ing.. ] Voladora.
I Reptiles and Amphibians.
U^ertebrates ' ^^'^h-^^'
, Birds.
I Mammals.
I Sporotri-
NatiU'al enemies — fungus..-, chum.
i Eiiijjusa.
Climatic influences.
I Diverting flj'ing mangas.
Mechanical I Driving, ditching, fencing to keep away,
remedies . .-^ (Gathering eggs, crushing eggs, plowing, etc.
1 Killing ) Gathering saltonas, crushing by rollers, etc.
[ I Carcarana and other machines.
[Gathering voladoras, — machines, etc.
This outline is presented in the above compact form so as
to show at a glance just what has been accomjDlished by the
Commission working mostly independently from the very
beginning. This independent plan of investigation was
outlined purposely, so as to confirm what had been done by
former investigators. The results as published in these re-
ports will show how closely these tally in most cases with
the published results of former and contemporary workers.
^'^^i^ite
Fig. 1. — Schistocercd paranensis; mature male, saltona, and top of head
and pronotnm [original].
It will be seen therefore, that the seeming disregard for the
results of previous investigators was not intended as a
slight, nor had the writer or the Commission the remotest
idea of ignoring what had already been done by others.
That there should have been the least apparent feeling of
ill will or jealousy exhibited either by myelf or others, is
deeply regreted by me.
Any changes in or additions to the former report will be
given below.
Description and name. — While engao-ed in the study
of the life-history and habits of this insect at headquarters in
Carcarana, certain greenish saltonas were obtained that
were without the characteristic black markings of the saltona
of paranerms. Some of these were fed to maturity and de-
veloped into the closely allied Schistocerca cancellata Serv.
which is normally a Chilean insect, but which also occurs on
the east slope of the Andes and even in the interior to Para,
Brazil. By referring to the illustrations numbered 1 and 2
the reader can see the differences betwen the two inscets.
This difference is especially discernible in the saltonas.
Fig. 2. — Scliistocerca can ellata: mature female, saltoua, and top of head
and pronotum [original].
Distribution. — The accumulation of data for the past
two additional years does not materially change the pub-
lished distribution of this Argentine locust. The maps,
marked figures 3 and 4 show graphically the areas occupied
during the winters of 1896, 1897 and 1898, and the warmer
seasons of 1896-97, 1897-98 and 1898-99.
Mangas of large destructive locusts have been mentioned
by different writers as occurring in Northern Ecuador, in
portions of Brazil, Chili, Bolivia, etc. Perhaps these are
distinct from jiaraneii-sis in some instances at least, and cannot,
A 1 !
V'-A-J Wr^^^ PARANA
'?J o
ni^m
6^
^^7
SCATHAR-
INA
;•-» ) \
9^^-
AY
I or THE
'■", RIO NBffBO
/" \""
' TERRITORY
^!^
18S7
18S8
18SS
;^
^^
l-i,u-. 4.- Mil]) showiiifr rt'^rioiis \ isited by Sdiistocerca ]>aranensis ihivimr
the spriiijr, siiiinuer and fall months of 18!)G-'!J7, 18!)7-'98 ami 1898-"99 as
indicated by the data gatliered by the Sub-commission.
JLAPAZ ,-\_
B 0 ' i I V ' 1 (Ja
(:ocHABA>leASA^StA c R u z ,
'ORURO ^
> F0T05I / C^^^5;-^ w/^
B R A / Z I L
18S15
\//\V//\
18S7
1 1 1 1 1
18S8
1 ^
Fig. o. — Map showing re.oioiis occupied l)y ScJiistocejX'ct para )ie 11 sis duviuif
the winter months of 1896, 181)7 and IS'JS as indicated by data gathered
by the .Sub-commission.
6
therefore, be taken into consideration when limiting the
distribution of this insect. Especially is this liable to be true
with reference to records for Ecuador and central Brazil.
Habits. — Nothing further has been added to our knowledge
concerning the habits, wintering or egg-laying. Though on
this last mentioned topic considerable effort has been made
to decide whether or not each female insect deposits but a
single cartuclto, or several cartuchos of eggs at intervals
during the spring and summer months. Neither has the
data thus far obtained enlightened us as to whether or not a
partial second brood is reared in the northwest provinces
late in the fall — during the months of April and May. Bj^
compiling the data accumulated on this point and covering
a period of something over three years it is found that only
12 records occur of egg-laying during the month of August,
78 records for September, 326 records for October, 116 for
November, 10 for December, 14 for January, 9 for February
and 5 for March, while for April there occurs no definite
record and but a single one for May. From these figures it
can readily be seen that egg-laying occurs chiefly in spring,
and for that matter mostly within 40 or 45 days with the
month of October as the height of the season. This fact
in itself would jDoint quite conclusively that the rule must
be but a single brood as well as a single cartucho of eggs per
female. The irregularity noted later in the year could be
readily accounted for by the supposition of retarded devel-
opment of the eggs in many females that had become weak-
ened either by disease, accident, or climatic influences during
winter or early spring and later recovering sufficientlj' to
migrate and develop their eggs.
The late layings in the northwest provinces are as jqX,
hard to account for unless we are led to believe as Mr. Oli-
ver C. James intimates in a letter. ''From Rioja and Cata-
marca reliable reports of locusts depositing eggs in Febru-
ary and March were received. These were, doubtless, the
progeny of the mangas which were hatched in these locali-
ties at a little later jjeriod last year. ' '
Flights. — But little additional data of such a nature at
least as to change what has been recorded under this head
has accumulated during the intervening period. Mr. W. G.
Davis, of the Meterorological Bureau, Cordoba, has sub-
mitted the following remarks :
"A few general considerations in connection with the
flight of locusts which I think we may assume as facts: — 1st,
that in the southern Hight in si3ring, the locust travels much
faster than it does on the return Hight in the autumn, or lat-
ter part of summer. ::^nd. In the spring it generally flies
during the warm hours of the day, when it takes advantage
of the greater velocity of the wind : whereas, on its return
to the North, it rises about sunset, travelling in the hours
when there is little if any wind. ord. The direction of the
flight in regard to the direction of the wind varies according
to the velocity of the wind.
"Now, keeping these facts in view (provided they are
such) let us look at the salient features of the wind condi-
tion, taking our Cordoba results a characteristic of those pre-
vailing over the larger part of the Pamj)a region, and these
will practically hold good for the region to the north and
northwest from whence the locusts start in the Spring.
' 'We note that the maximum movements for both the north
and south winds takes place in the months of August and
September, so that at the season when the locust is leaving
its hibernating grounds, it would be just as easy for him
to make his way north as south, /. e., the wind would help
him as much on one course as on the other : thus, it would
seem that it is purely instinct that leads the locust back to
the region where it was produced, also that it shapes the
course like a sailor both in flying before it and tacking and
is in a hurry to reach his destination, making shorter stops
on the journey and travelling in the hours when the wind
will most assist its flight. I may be entirely wrong in the
above supposition — I do not assert them as facts — but merely
l^resent them for your consideration."
Natural Enemies. — Birds, Insects and other Ani-
8
MAL8. — In the letter accompanying the data accumuhitecl by
the Sub-commission Mr. Oliver C. James, of Carcarana, F.
C. C. A., writes as follows concerning' some of the natural
enemies of the locust :
' 'There was also a marked increase in the number of birds,
and the toads in all j^arts of this province particularly ap-
peared in almost alarming numbers, so that the work of
destruction carried on by these unobtrusive friends of the
agriculturist was quite an appreciable factor in the w^hole
country. The most noticeable feature in this increase of lo-
cust destroyers was the number of beetles (Trox — "claiiiiiil''^)
to be found wherever the egs's w^ere deposited. Almost as
soon as the female locust began perforating the ground, cer-
tainly immediately after the eggs were laid, the cJidiiiin put
in an appearance, and as many as 20 to 30 of the beetles
had been seen at work by close observers, in the earth about
one 'bed' or cluter of 'cartuchos. ' "
Among the specimens of these champies that were collected
by the writer or by the various correspondents of the Com-
mission during his sojourn in Argentina, the three following
species have been recognized; viz., Trox f^uberof^us Fabr.,
Trox aeger Guer., and Trox piUulttrhis Germ. These occur
throuhgout the entire Pampa region, and their numbers are
in the order named. They are a natural check to locust in-
crease that appears to be uncontrollable by man, and there
can be little doubt of their value in this direction.
Mr. James also adds that "From nearly every point re-
ports indicate the presence of the long thread-like w^orm *
{3Ier)fns or Gordu'iH) and the short stocky grub (Tachina fly,
— "Jachim") in the body of the locust — both in the saltona
as well as in the voladora. The latest reports regarding the
recently winged locust state that many are infested with the
'guzano' (the fly larva.)"
*l)r. H. H. Ward of the University of Nebraska, who is a re.'oyiiizeil
specialist on this lii-ou}) was to have prepared a i)aper foi- tliis report on
the above nicntioncd worm. Init was prevented from dointf so on aeeount
of press of otlier duties.
9
In addition to the insect enemies of ixiriieii^is mentioned
in former reports, it migiit be of interest to know that at
least one species of the larii'e bluish wasps with yellow wings
of the o-enns Pcpsis is known to attack it. Master William
Thomas, a very careful observer of insects at Carcarana, in-
formed the writer that on more than one occasion he had
seen these large wasps dash into a cluster of saltonas and
sting one after the other, and then deliberately select one
from among them and malve off with it. Since there are
several species of the genus J^epsi.s to be found at that locality
the exact species was not determined.
^^3
3
^9
feFPl
pjU
^^al
*^^g]w >,> ^B
^B
Fi^. 5. — Deail saltmias of ScJiistucerca parauensis covei'ed with the
( 'nrcaiaim Funtrus.
Functus Diseases. — Nothing further of note seems to
have developed concerning the effectiveness of the different
insect attacking fungi as a means of combating this insect.
10
At least two such fungi have frequently been observed to
attack it, and at times, with such persistence as to materi-
ally lessen the hordes of insects in certain localities. Up
to the present time, however, no definite favorable reports
have been received of its successful artificial distribution.
Mr. James writes that "Experiments made with the
'funous Carcarana' gave no definite results, although the
season was favorable for the action of the fungus, having
been humid almost continuously. There have been no man-
gas of locusts infesting the immediate locality of last year's
development of the fungus disease, but between this jDlace
and San Geronimo the evidence of hundreds of dead locusts
from a manga which was detained by stress of weather indi-
cates that the fungus had developed there, all being of the
characteristic bright red colour and more or less desicated,
notwithstanding the prevailing moist condition of the atmos-
phere."
This would indicate that the fungus is still active in the
country, and that, under the proper conditions will take
hold of and destroy locusts. The SchiHtocerca paranenHh-
seems to be most subject to its attack, since but three other
species were found killed by it during the writers careful
search for others while in the country. These were ZonioiKxIa
farsata, Diponthm^ comiinotns and Bichrop/us clo)i(jatus all of
which are more or less abundant and inclined to become
destructive at times. These insects are figured in the second
portion of the present report.
Other sjDecimens of the destructive locust that had evi-
dently been killed by another of the fungous diseases were
encountered by correspondents of the commission. Mr.
James writes that "several specimens of locusts were sent
to you by mail which had evidently died from the effects of
the growth of an external fungus of a light ash colour,
which almost completely enveloped the after part of the
body. This had been observed as a cause of death during
several years previous to your coming to the country, but none
were reported here during the period of your investigations. "
11
Just what this last mentioned fungus is has not been as-
certained, since the specimens above referred to must have
been lost.
The South African locust disease has been tried with but
poor results, save as reported in connection with the de-
structive locust of that country.
A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES
OF LOCUSTS OR GRASSHOPPERS OF ARGEN-
TINA, TOGETHER WITH DESCRIP-
TIONS OF NEW FORMS.
Incidentlaly while studying- the migratory locust of Ar-
gentina, the writer made notes on a number of the various
other species of locusts found in the Republic that came
under his observation. He also had collections of these in-
scets made in several portions of the country. Additional
material was likewise obtained from Dr. Hugo Stempelmann
of Rosario, - Sante Fe, Federico Schulz, of Cordoba, and
Masters Oliver and William Thomas of Carcarana, F. C. C.
A., thereby bringing together a sufticient number of forms
to at least indicate, in a general way, what sort of a locust
fauna occurs here. The results were so satisfactory that
about a month before leaving Argentina for the United
States the writer conceived the idea of preparing* a paper on
the "locusts of Argentina" which should, so far as possible,
contain a mention of all the described species found in the
country, along with descriptions of any possible new forms
that might be brought together for such a purpose. Efforts
were therefore made to secure the material contained in both
the National and La Plata museums for study so as to make
this paper as nearly complete as possible. This last mentioned
project failed, hence the species represented in these two
collections are not recorded here, although several rare and
perhaps additional new forms are known to be represented.
The present paper has been suggested chiefly on acco unt
of the number of other species of these insects that have
heretofore shown a tendency to increase to such abnormal
14
numbers as to become local pests. Each of these will be
described more or less fullv in connection with its name in
the proper place.
The two papers on Argentine Orthoptera by Dr. E.
Giglio-Tos of Torin, Italy, have been of much value in form-
ing a basis upon which to build. The drawings for the
illustrations used here were made by Miss Edna L. Hyatt,
Artist for several of the departments in the University of
Nebraska.
The following table for the separation of the principal
groups of subfamilies of locusts along with such as follow
will aid the reader in obtaining the names of any of these in-
sects mentioned here and that may come under his observa-
tion.
TABLE FOK DETERMINING THE SUB-FAMILIES OF ARGENTINA
LOCUSTS.
A. Claws of feet without cushion or arolium between them: pronotum
extendintj over the abdomen; tegmina or front wings h)l)iform.
TETTIGIN^E.
AA. Chiws with cushion or arolium present; not extending over the
abdomen,
b. Antenna' or feelers shorter than the front femora or thighs.
c. Head short, compressed in front. UMASTACINiE.
ce. Head greatlv elongiited, bodv apterous or subai)terous.
PKOSCOPIXiE.
bb. Antenna' longer than the front femora.
e. Posternum or breast between base of front pair of legs smooth,
not provided witli a tubercle, swelling, or spine
d. Fastigium of the vertex but little declivious, meeting the face
in a more or less wcli-detined angle, the face usually very
obliciue. Wings as a rale without a dusky band.
TKYXALINyE.
dd. Fastigium of the vertex rounded at its point of junction
with face, the latter vertical or nearly .so. Wings when
present usuallv with coloretl disk and well defined dusky
band . 0 1 :i> IPO 1 ) 1 N .K.
cc. Posternumor breast between base of front pair of legs laniinately
elevated in front, tubercnlate or spined.
d. F'oveohe of the vertex above, contiguous, forming the apex of
the fastigium (Fig. 15). Rather clumsy insects, usually with-
out, or with abbreviated wings, but occasionallv with these
appendages complete. PYRGO^KNiPH I N.^j]
dd. Foveohe of the vertex lateral, never forming the ajjcx of the
vertex, often closed behind or entirely w.uitiiig. I'rostcr-
num distinctlv spined or tubercnlate. Winu- varion-lv
formed. ACHIDI IN /fri.
15
SUB-FAMILY TETTIGINAE.
This sub-famtly of locusts is represented in Argentina by
a comparatively small number of inconspicuous insects none
of which ever become sufficiently numerous to cause any
particular damage. They all live in rather damp localities
along the margins of streams or in the vicinity of swamps,
where they may be found in greater or lesser numbers upon
the mud flats. These insects are known as "Grouse Lo-
cust.s" and are represented in the Republic by less than a
dozen species belonging to the following genera as indicated
by specimens and records. They may be determined by
the table for the separation of genera as given herewith.
TABLE OF GENERA.
A. Front thighs more or less carinated above: front margin of pronotnm
in middle not advanced upon the back of head,
b. Body, even of the female, quite slender, the a])ex of pronotnm
greatly extended beyond the tip of hind femora.
NKPHKLE Bolivar.
bb. Body in -both sexes obese, the apex of pronotum not at all or but
little extended beyond the tip of hind femora.
PAKATETTIX Bolivar.
AA. Front thighs not compressed, rather broadly and distinctly grooved:
front margin of pronotum in middle angulate and advanced
upon the occiput. TETTIGIDEA Scudder.
GENUS NEPHELE, BOLIVAR.
Xephele gracilis n. sjd. Closely related to N. fKir/ida Bol. but
considerably smaller. Antennae with last or terminal joint
the same color as the rest ; the vertex as in that species.
The pronotum extending nearly one- half of its length be-
yond the tij) of the hind femora, its median carina laminately
elevated in advance of the humeral angles. Color dark
brownish fuscous. In some specimens more or less marked
with the usual blotches of black and ochraceous on the disk
between the humeral angles.
Length: of body, d", 6 mm, V , 8 mm; of pronotum, d' , 12
mm, ? , 13 mm; of hind femora, d, 2 mm. ? , 5.25 mm.
I have seen specimens of this insect collected at Cordoba
(F. Schulz), and others from Paraguay and Territory of
Formosa, Argentina (Dr. H. Stempelmann).
16
GENUS PARATETTIX, BOLIVAR.
TABLE FOR SEPARATION OF SPECIES.
A. First and third joints of hind tai'si of eqnal length Carina' of the
femora entire. peruviaiius Bol.
AA. First joint of hind tarsi longer than the third. Carinii' of the
femora undulate,
b. Carina' of anterior femora undulate. Pronotum generally shorter
than tip of hind femora. Pronotum with carina on anterior por-
tion rather high. Borellii (Tiglio-Tos.
bb. Carina' of anterior femora leaf-like. Pronotum greatly surpass-
ing tip of hind femora. ciieiiiiclotiis Burm.
P. penivkiims Bol. This locust has been taken at San Lor-
enzo, m the province of Jujuy. (Gi^lio-Tos.)
P. oiemidotus Burmy Giglio-Tos also rej^orts that a speci-
men from the same locality has been referred with doubt to
this species.
P. Borellii Giglio-Tos. This insect has been collected in a
number of localities, as San Lorenzo, Jujuy, Tucuman. Cruz
del Eje, Cordoba, Carcarana, Rosario, and Buenos Aires. It
is evidently the most abundant species found in the Rejiublic,
and occurs in two forms as reagrds pronotum length. It
can at once be recognized by the rather prominent tubercles
on the outer face of the hind femora which, when observed
from above, project considerably beyond the other portions
of these legs.
Giglio-Tos, in his report on the Orthoptera of the
"Viaggio del dott. Alfredo Borelli nella Republica Argentina
e nel Paraguay", referred a single specimen of this insect
with much doubt to ParatetUx tolfecus Sauss. (Bolletino dei
Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Univer-
sita di Torino, Vol. IX, No. 184, p. 5.) but in a later paper
has described it under the above mentioned name.
GENUS TETTIGIDEA, SCUDDER.
TABLE FOR SEPARATION OF SPECIES
A. Body obese, the ])ronotum extending but little if any Ixiyond tip of
hind femora. ' nuilticostata Bol.
A. v. Body graceful, the pronotum greatly surpassing the tip of hind
femora. j»-va<'ilis Brunei-.
17
T. niu/f/rostafa Bol. This insect is quite common from
Tucuman northward through the j^rovinces of Salta and
Jujuy. (Giglio-Tos. )
Tettigidea gracilif> n. sj). A beautiful, very slender, dark
br£)wn species with long pronotum in which the supplemental
carinae are continuous and nearly or quite as prominent as
the middle and lateral ones. Vertex somewhat advanced in
front of the eyes, the sides rounded, median carina promi-
nent, considerably advanced in front of the sides where it
unites with the frontal costa the sulcation of which begins
on a level with the vertex. Face somewhat oblique. Last
joints of palpi w^hite and very conspicuous. Pronotum
angulate in front and terminating in a rather prominent
spine which projects forward upon the occiput beyond the
middle of the eyes. Tegmina rather long, narrow, and pro-
vided with a whitish cicatrice near the apex which is
roundly and obliquely truncated from below. Valves of
the ovipositor unusually long, straight and slender, espec-
ially the lower pair which are dagger-like and almost with-
out teeth.
Length: of body, 11 mm; of jDronotum, 18.5mm; of hind
femora, 5.5 mm.
Only a single female specimen of this insect has been
seen by the writer. It was captured on some bags of grain
on the decks of a river steamer lying at anchor near the
wharf of Corrientes.
SUB-FAMILY EUMASTACINAE.
Thus far this sub-family is not definitely known to exist
by actual observation within the boundaries of the Repub-
lic ; but, since several species have been taken in the closely
adjoining portions of Paraguay and Bolivia, it may be taken
for granted that at least one or two forms will occur in the
northern portions, as for example the territories of Formosa
and Chaco, and the jorovinces of Salta and Jujuy. These
insects, like the representatives of the preceding sub-family,
never become sufficiently numerous to cause damage to
18
cultivated vegetation, hence need not be taken into serious
consideration in a treatise on destructive locusts. The f olow-
ing three or four species maj^ be looked for in the territory
mentioned above.
TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA.
A. Fastigium of the vertex very narrow, scarcely or not at all ])rojecting
in advance of the eyes. EUMASTAX Burr.
A A. Fastigium of the vertex wider and more or less ])rojectlng in ad-
vance of the eyes. MASYNTES Karsch.
GENUS EUMASTAX, BURR.
This generic name has recently been suggested by Mal-
colm Burr (Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia
Natural, Vol. XXVIII, 1899) in place of Mastax Perty, which
had been used several years before in Coleoptera. This
being the tyi3ical genus of the sub-family necessitated the
changing of that name also.
TABLE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE SPECIES.
A. Apex of the vertex above the eyes, when viewed from the side, not
visible. Tegmiua and wings fully developed. Posterior femora
irregularly black spotted. pardaliua Burr.
A A. Apex of the vertex above the eyes when viewed from the side
])lainly visible. Detiexed lobes of the protonum with the anterior
angle obtuse. versicolor Burr.
Eumafitax pardallna Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 51.
This insect was described as coming from Paraguay, and
is liable to occur in northern Argentina.
EumoHtax versicolor Burr, loc. cit. p. 54, also a Paraguayan
species, and might likewise occur in the Territory of the
Chaco.
GENUS MASYNTES, KARSCH.
TABLE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE SPECIES.
A. Tegmina lobiform, elliptical, the apex broadly rounded. Pronotum
truncate behind, the middle minutely notched.
Borellii Giglio-Tos.
AA. Tegmina and wings perfectly developed. Pronotum "rounded
behind, the middle not notched. tigTi.s Burr.
iVmyntes Bm-elUi Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Torino, Vol. XII,
No. 802, p. 17, 1897.
10
This i^eculiar locust has been taken at San Pedro, Par-
aguay (Giglio-Tos) and is liable to occur in the Chaco
country.
3f(/si/n.fe-s tigris Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 62.
Like the preceding species this is a Paraguayan locust to
be looked for in the territories of Formosa and Chaco.
SUB-FAMILY PROSCOPINAE.
As indicated in the table for determining the sub-families
of locusts it will be seen that the insects belonging to this
sub-family are rather long, wingless, and resemble to a cer-
tain extent the different species of walking sticks, or stick
insects. Thus far there have been reported from Argentina
thirteen distinct species. They belong to the two genera
that may be separated by the accompanying table.
TABLE OF GENERA.
A. Pronotum cylindrical, not separated from the prosteruum by longitu-
dinal lines. Body comparatively heavy in the female: antenna^
nearly as long or a tritle longer than the vertex.
TI:TAN<)HHYXCHI S Bmnner.
AA. Pronotum more or less flattened from a))ove. divided from the pro-
sternum by a longitudinal line. Bcjdy long and slemler even in
the female; the vertex in both sexes advanced beyond the tip of
the antennae. CKPHALOCOEMA Serville.
GENUS TETANORHYNGHUS, BRUNNER.
TABLE FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE SPECIES.
A. Rostrum of the female distinctlj^ shorter than the remainder of head,
attenuated towards the apex. liumiHs Giglio-Tos.
AA. Rostrum of the female distinctly longer than the remainder of head.
b. Rostrum with the apex sti'ongly clavate, posterior tibi.-v armed
above with 14-22 spines on the inner and outer rows.
Borellii Giglis-Tos.
bl). Rostrum attenuate towards the apex. Posterior tibia' armed above
with 13 spines on the inner and outer rows.
aiigustirostris Brunner.
T. /lumilis Giglio-Tos. San Lorenzo, Province of Jujuy
and northward. (Giglio-Tos.)
T. Borellii Giglio-Tos. Same localities as the xn-eceding,
and likewise Bolivia. (Giglio-Tos. )
7'. (ntf/ustiro-'^tris Brunner. San Jose, Republic of Argen-
tina. (Brunner.)
20
GENUS CEPHALOCOEMA, SERVILLE.
TABLE FOR SEPARATION OF THE SPECIES.
A. Rostrum of the vertex scarcely as long as or but little longer than
balance of head. Protonnm punctulate or smooth. Tibite above
on both sides with not more than sixteen spines,
b. Rostrum of the vertex much shorter than the remainder of head.
Abdomen tive-ridged. costulata Burm.
bb. Rostrum of the vertex distinctly shorter than or but little longer
than remainder of head. Abdomen not tive-ridged.
c. More robust: rostrum pyramidal, acuminate, viewed from the
front narrowly lamellate. Antenn;e of female greatly surpassing
the rostmm. Borellii Giglio-Tos.
cc. More slender: rostrum with the sides parallel,
d. Rostrum linear, obtuse, viewed from the front narrowly cruci-
form. Attenn.-e of female a little surpassing the rostrum.
Caizana Giglio-Tos.
dd. Rostrum quadrangular, obtuse, as long as (female) or longer
(male) than the rest of head. oalainus Burm.
AA. Rostrum much (two or more times) longer than the remainder of
head
b. Protonum longer than the head.
c. Protonum with the anterior margin not tuberculate.
d. Rostrum less than twice the length of remainder of head, mod-
erately dilated toward the apex. obtiisa Giglio-Tos.
dd. Rostrum fully twice as long as remainder of head, strongly
dilated toward the apex. niag'iia Giglio-Tos.
cc. Pronotum with the antei-ior margin bituberculate.
gigantea Giglio-Tos.
bb. Protonum shorter than the head.
c. Rostrum less than four times as long as remainder of head,
d. Rostrum a tritle more than twice as long as remainder of head:
the anterior femora about two-thirds as long as pronotum.
teretitiscula Brunner.
dd Rostrum three times as long as remainder of head: the ante-
rior femora a trifle longer than the pronotum.
lancea Burm.
cc. Rostrum more than four times as long as remainder of head.
liiieata Brunner.
Fig. 6. — Cephaloeoema costulata.: female.
C. costulata Burm. This species which occurs over the
greater part of the Republic north of tlie Rio Colorado is
quite variable in color. (Collections of Stempelmann,
Schulz, O. Thomas and others.)
21
('. BorelUi Giglio-Tos. This insect was described as
Prosarthria BorelUl by Giglio-Tos (Boll. Miis. Torino, Vol.
IX, No. 184, p. 4, 1894.) It probably occurs in the region
embraced in the territory of Formosa.
C. Calzana Giglio-Tos. Caiza, in Bolivian Chaco, adjoining
the northern iDortion of Argentina. (Giglio-Tos.)
C. caUiuLKs Jiuviw. Northern Argentina. (Burmeister. )
C. oWi-^sa Giglio-Tos. Provin'::;e of Jujuy. (Giglio-Tos.)
C. w«r/;;« Giglio-Tos. Province of Jujuy. (Giglio-Tos.)
(J. gigantea G\g\\o-^os. Province of Jujuy. (Giglio-Tos.)
('. teretmscula Brunner. Resistencia, Chaco. (Gigiio-Tos.)
('. lancea Burm. Entre Rios (Burmeister); Cordoba.
(Collection P. Schulz and H. Stempelmann. )
('. luieata Brunn. Mendoza in La Plata (Dohrn's Collec-
tion. )
SUB-FAMILY TRYXALINAE.
The insects belonging to this sub-family are much more
numerous than are those of any of the preceding sub-fami-
lies ; and, in some instances, become sufficiently numerous
to warrant their being classed as destructive. In Argentina
we have so far found species which belong to the genera
named in the following table for their separation. Several
of these genera are herewith described for the first time,
while a few of the species also are made known to science in
this paper, they not having been recorded or described by
any former writers.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE GENERA.
A. Foveohi? of vertex below or absent. Faee usually very oblique,
b. Antenna' with the joints depressed, more or less ensiforui.
e. Wings of male more or less broadly fenestrate,
d. Sides of the fastigium strongly rounded, the apex not acumi-
nate. Tegmina acuminate or decidedly obliciuely truncate.
Posterior femora with the apical angles horizontally ])ro-
duced, acuminate,
e. Head conical: face moderately obliipie. Foveohc of the
vertex indistinct, triagonal.
f. Vertex longer than the eyes. Tegmina of male broader
than thelength of the pronotum. Winu's of male vcrv
broadly fenestrate. HYALOPTEHVX Charp.
22
ft. Vertex shorLer than the eyes. Tegminaof male narrower
than the length of pronotum. Wings of male less
Ijroadly fenestrate,
g. Tegmina obliqnely truncate at apex; wings hj'aliue and
more or less infiisc-ated. Pronotum with the lateral
carin;>? continuous uninterrupted,
h. Larger, general color green.
31 ETA LEFT E A Brunner.
hh. Smallei", general color testaceous or ferruginous.
OKPHULA Stal.
gg. Tegmima acuminate, wings tinted with dilute red.
Pronotum with the lateral carina- interrupted.
EUTKYXALIS Bruner.
dd. Sides of the fastigium straight or but gently rounded, the
apex more or less acuminate. Temina broadl}' rounded or
somewhat truncate. Posterior femora with their angles
roundly detiexed.
e. Fastigium of the vertex above depressed; without a longi-
tudinal carina,
f. Lateral carina' of pronotum more or less converging
near the middle. The sides of pronotum compressed:
tegmina and wings fully developed,
g. Wings tinted with yellowish-brown: the tegmina rather
broad. ' PAKOHPHULA Bruner.
gg. Wings transparent, sometimes more or less infuseated:
tegmina narrower.
ORPHULELLA Giglio-Tos.
ff. Lateral carin;e of pronotum not converging near the mid-
dle. The sides of pronotum not compressed. Tegmina
and wings usuallv more or less abbreviated.
DICHROMORPHA Morse.
ee. Fastigium of the vertex above rounded, provided with a
longitudinal carina.
f. Wings with the anterior ulnar vein bi'anched at base. An-
tenn;v long, clavate in the male. Wings red and black.
TOXOPTERUS Bolivar,
ff. Wings with the anterior ulnar vein not branched at base.
Antenua> long, not clavate in male. Wings hyaline,
more or less tinted with carmine at base.
FENESTRA Brunner.
cc. Wings of male not fenestrate, the adial veins not incrassateand
constricted on apical third. Pronotum with lateral carina^
gentl.y diverging posteriorily: and with a pair of supplemental
carina' on disk. Antenna' sub-ensiform. Front stronglv ob-
lique _ SIXIPTA "Stal.
bb. Antenna? filiform. Lateral carina? of pronotum parallel; supple-
mental carina' absent. AMBLYTRDPIHIA Stal.
AA. Foveohe of vertex visible from above, always present. Face usu-
ally more nearly vertical than in the alternate category,
b Inner apical spurs of hiud tibia' subeipial in length. Antenna' at
least of male nearly or quite as long as hind femora,
c. Wings colored. Basal joints of antenn:e depressed. Lateral
carina' of pronotum converging toward the middle. Tegmina
without trace of intercalary vein.
DICHROATETTIX Bruner.
23
ce. Wings transparent. Basal joints of antenna' not depressed.
Lateral carina' of pronotnni nearly parallel. Tegmina with
the intercalary vein more or less plainly developed.
STAUKORHECTUS Giglio-Tos.
bb. Inner apical spurs very une<iual in length. Antenna' of neither
sex anywhere near as long as hind femora,
c. Lateral "foveohv of the vertex well developed, once antl a half to
twice as long as broad. The lateral lobes of pronotum fiir-
nislied with a rather broad, smooth raised, light-colored carina
a little below the middle. STIKAPLEUKA Scudder.
cc. Lateral foveola^ of vertex obscure, linear. J^ateral lobes of pro-
notum without raised line or carina,
d. L rger. Lateral carin.-e of pronotum more or less interrupted
between anterior and posterior sulci: divertjing strongly an-
teriorly and posteriorily. PLECTROTETTIX AIcNeill.
dd. Smaller. Lateral carina' of pronotum but little or not at all
interrupted: diverging but little.
EUPLECTKOTETTIX Bruner.
GENUS HYALOPTERIX, CHARP.
TABLE FOR SEPARATION OF THE SPECIES.
A. Size large. Pronotum behind distinctly angulate, lateral carina'
continuous, straight. Wings with the posterior field red, in male
the anterior field broadlj' tlilated, the anterior margin distinctly
rounded, the fenestrate area very l)road. Tegmina of male broader
than the length of pronotum. Last ventral segment of male
a))domen long. riiripeiiiiis Charp.
AA. Size small. Pronotum behind rounded to roundly angulatetl, late-
ral carina' not continuous, being more distant on posterior than
anterior lobe. Wings entirely subhyaline, the fenestrate area of
male less wide. Tegmina of male narrower than length of prono-
tum. Last ventral segment short. gTacilis Giglio-Tos.
H. rufipennis Charp. Perhaps this insect occurs in
northern Argentina, although not definitely recorded from
the immediately adjoining regions.
H. grdcins Giglio-Tos. San Lorezo, Jujuy (Giglio-Tos.)
GENUS METALEPTEA, BRUNNER.
I\f. hrevicornis Linn This insect is found throughout the
Republic north of the Rio Colorado, especially along the
eastern border. (Schulz, Stempelmann, Thomas, etc.)
Jujuy. (Giglio-Tos.)
GENUS ORPHULA, STAL.
0. jKigana Stal. Formosa, Chaco and Asuncion. (Brun-
ner, Schulz.)
24
GENUS EUTRYXALIS, N. G.
This generic name is suggested for the insect described, by
Giglio-Tos as Metaleptca m'nwr and another one which is
described herewith as EutryxaUH sfrigafa. The members of
this genus differ chiefly from those of MetaJeptea by the
characters mentioned in the table for the separation of the
genera of the sub-family Tryxalinae.
Ell. minor Giglio-Tos. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed
Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino, Vol. XII,
No. 302, jD. 23. (Collections of Schulz, Stempelmann and
Thomas. ) Common throughout the provinces north of the
Rio Colorado, and quite variable in color.
En. sfrigata, n. sp.
Several specimens of an insect that seems to be distinct
from the E. ininoi- G.-Tos were taken at Carcarana. These
specimens are of about the same size as that species but differ
in having the body somewhat slenderer ; and the legs and
body much more sharply carinated, also in being alternately
dark brown and light tetaceous striped and streaked, these
streaks extending from the tip of the vertex to the apices
of the tegmina, femora, and abdomen. On the occiput is a
central, narrow line of testaceous bordered on either side by
one of dusky, followed by a light, again bordered by dark,
almost black, then light, after which follows a dusky band,
then a light one which is continuous upon the lateral carinae
of pronotum and passes to one of the principal veins of
tegmina. Below this is a dusky stripe followed by a light
one, then by a dusky, again by a light and dusky, then the
lower margin of cheek and lateral lobe of pronotum broadly
light testaceous. In like manner the face with all of the
carinae are light, the interspaces dark ; the carinae of legs
light, the interspaces dark ; tegmina with all the principal
veins bordered narrowly by dark, with the intersi3aces or
fields yellow.
Length: Female, body 27mm; pronotnm 4.75 mm; tegmina
21 mm; hind femora 14 mm; antennae 7mm.
25
GENUS PARORPHULA, N. G.
Body more or less compressed, antennae in both sexes
"with the basal joints flattened, siibensiform in the female, a
little longer than (male) or about as long as (female) head
and thorax combined : the vertex between the eyes about
as broad as the smaller diameter of the former, horizontal,
with shallow depression surroundined by rounded walls;
angle of fastigium a little less than a right angle; lateral
foveolae not visible from above, elongate triangular;
frontal costa quite prominent between the antennae, rather
broader than diameter of basal joint, sulcate throughout;
pronotum with the median carina heavy, subcristate ; the
lateral carinae well defined throughout, the three cut by
last transverse sulcus a little in advance of the middle, pos-
terior margin angulate; tegmina and wings fully developed,
the apex rounded : hind femora moderately stout, in the
male surpassing, in the female about reaching, the apex of
abdomen; -hind tibiae with from 11 to 18 spines in outer row.
In general appearance the insects of this genus resemble
some of the larger forms belonging to the genus Orpltulella
in North America, but on account of their subensiform
antennae, infuscated wings, and well develojjed median
carina of the pronotum, they api3roach more closely to the
genus Or pin (1(1.
TABLE FOR SEPARATION OF SPECIES.
A. General color more or less green. gTaiiiinea Bruner.
AA. General color testaceous and brown.
Ij. The upper portion of pronotum and tegmina pale.
pallidiiiota Bruner.
111). Fntii'e body more or less varied with pale and dark streaks.
Striji'ata Bruner.
Fig. 7. — Parorphula graminea, female, and top of head and |)roiiotuni.
26
P. (rrdiinnea n. sj).
General color of head, pronotum, sides of thorax, and
tegmina grass green varied with brown and testaceous;
pronotum with the median carina subcristate, especially in
front; lateral carinae nearly parallel to the transverse sulcus
behind which they diverge greatly bo the posterior lateral
angles ; last transverse incision a little in advance of the
middle, front edge straight, hind edge more than a right
angle. Tegmina and wings reaching beyond the abdomen
and tip of hind femora in both sexes, with the costal and
dorsal edges in male ^ rass green ; discal field more or less
dusky, provided with a row of rather large quadrate dark
brown spots. Posterior femora with indications of dusky
bands. Sides of pronotum and metapleurae provided with
diagonal testaceous bands ; hind tibiae tetaceous, inclining to
reddish, more or less sprinkled with brownish markings.
Length: of body, d' 17mm; ? 25 mm; of pronotum, J*
3.5 mm, + 4.75 mm; of tegmina, d 15 to 17 mm, ? 22 to
24 mm; of hind femora, d^ 11 mm, ? 15 mm: of antennae,
d and ? 7.5 to 8 mm.
This insect occurs in rather large numbers on the open
camp throughout the provinces of Buenos Aires, Sante Fe,
and Cordoba. (From the collections of F. Schulz, H. Stem-
pelmann, and O. Thomas.)
P. [KdHdhioUi n. sp.
Very similar to the preceding in size and form, but dilfer-
ing from that species by being dull wood-brown and in hav-
ing a pale disk of pronotum and dorsal edges of tegmina.
Head smaller with less advanced vertex than in the preced-
ing species. The lateral fovelae well marked, — sublinear.
Median carina of pronotum less develojjed; the lateral
carinae converging gently towards the transverse incision
from which point they expand rapidly posteriorly as in the
preceding species. Lateral lobes of pronotum Avith a rather
well defined black band extending from the front edge back-
wards to the transverse sulcus where it passes, in part, to
27
the disk above. The discal field with only a faint indication
of dusky spots. Posterior femora without indications of
dusky band ; the posterior tibiae testaceous with a purplish
ting'e towards base. Tegmina considerably narrower than in
the preceding- species but little surpassing the tips of the
abdomen.
Length: of body, female 24 mm: pronotum 4-4.5 mm;
tegmina 19 mm: hind femora 14 mm; antennae 7 mm.
Carcarana F. C. C. A. on rather low alklai grounds, com-
paratively rare.
F. Str'Kjdfa n. sp.
A much slenderer form than either of the tM'O j^receding,
with the fastigium of the vertex forming a right angle, and
having the lateral carinae of pronotum parallel to trans-
verse incision, from this jDoint to back edge of pronotum
somewhat bowed, but diverging as in the other species.
Tegmina and wings just reaching the posterior extremity of
hind femora which slightly surpass the tij) of abdomen. The
characteristic features of this species are the numerous dark
and light stripes and bands which adorn the body and wings.
General color of insect dull testaceous: occiput with two
slender dark lines arising near the middle of fastigium and
directed backwards upon the head almost to front edge of
pronotum, enclosing a stripe of nearly equal width to fas-
tigium of general color of body : a rather broad strii3e from
back edge of eyes to front of pronotum along the upi3er
edges of lateral sides of which it continues across this to
discal field of tegmina. This stripe also crosses lower half of
eyes to face and there separates forming two rather large
black bands, giving the face a very peculiar appearance. Be-
low this on the face, cheeks, and sides of pronotum is another
rather broader testaceous band which continues as the light
costal edge of tegmina. Again below this is an idication of
dusky bands relieved by smaller stripes of a light color. The
femora and tibiae of all the legs are duskv and have the
28
prominent carinae testaceous; upper portion of abdomen
testaceous with dusky markings; abdomen on the sides
dusky, venter yellow.
Length : of body, female 22 mm ; of pronotum 4 mm ; of
tegmina 17 mm: of hind femora 13.5 mm: of natennae
7 mm.
This insect also occurs upon low alkali grounds in the
vicinity of Carcarana F. C. C. A. like the preceding. It is
much rarer than graminea. (Anton Kurriger. )
GENUS ORPHULELLA, GIGLIO-TOS.
The insects belonging to this genus are all rather small
and very variable in color — so much so, that without a very
full series of specimens to study the student cannot construct
a table that will definitely separate them. There seem to
be at least three well marked forms found within the terri-
tory covered by the present paper. They may be deter-
mined by the following
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. General color griseous. Tegmiua sprinkled with black dots.
b. Size larger. Lateral carinie of pronotum entire, strongly diverging
posteriorly. punctata De Geer.
]>b. Size smaller. Lateral carina' of pronotum somewhat interrupted
near middle, less stronglj'^ diverging posteriorly.
intricata Stal.
AA. General color green. Discal field of tegmina varied with black.
eleg-aiis Giglio-Tos.
0. punctata BeGeer. Resistencia, Chaco. (Giglio-Tos.)
0. intricata Stal. Buenos Aires (Giglio--Tos) : Cordoba
(Schulz) and other localities.
O. elegans Giglio-Tos. Resistencia, Chaco (Giglio-Tos):
Cordoba (Schulz); Tucuman (Bruner. )
GENUS DICHROMORPHA, MORSE.
I), anstralis n. sp.
The collections of Masters Oliver and William Thomas at
Carcarana contain several specimens of an insect that with-
out doubt can be referred to the genus Dichroniorpha. These
specimens certainly are not specifically identical with the
29
DidiroiiiorplKi vli'idix found so abundantly throughout the
United States and portions of Mexico. The following de-
scription is therefore ajjpended :
Antennae rather short with the joints somewhat depressed
basally; fastigium of the vertex projecting in advance of
the eyes about half their lesser diameter ; the frontal costa
gently sulcate from between antennae to clypeus ; lateral
carinae of face not prominent, sinuate, and diverging to
corners of face ; eyes small, rounded behind, nearly straight
in front and somewnat acuminate above; loveolae of vertex
but gently sulcate. Pronotum very gently comjDressed on
the sides, the lateral lobes slightly bulging; the three
carinae distinct, the lateral ones gently diverging from
anterior margin to the posterior : last transverse incision a
little behind the middle, jDOsterior edge partly angulate;
tegmina and wings va.rying in length from two-thirds that
of the abdomen to considerably surpassing it, their apex
rounded. Posterior femora moderately heavy, compara-
tively short, and but little surpassing the tip of abdomen.
General color either green or dull wood brown, with indica-
tions of a slight dusky band on sides of head, back of eyes
and upper portion of lateral lobes of pronotum; also a slight
blackish line on upper edge of knees of hind femora. There
is also an indication of dusky markings at the sides of basal
segments of abdomen and meso-and metathorax.
Length: of body (female) 2o mm; antennae 5mm; of
pronotum 4 mm; of tegmina lU to 15 mm; of posterior
femora 10.5 to 11 mm.
This insect is rather rare in the vicinity of Carcarana and
Roldan where it occurs along railroad tracks and in the vi-
cinity of cultivated or disturbed ground in a similar manner
to that of our North American form. Sjiecimens were also
seen from Rosario, Santa Fe.
Dr. Giglio-Tos in his report on the Orthoptera of the
Bolivian Chaco and of the Rei^ublic of Argentina mentions
having taken sj:)ecimens of D. virklix Scudd. at San Lorenzo
in the province of Jujuy. Whether or not they were of the
same sj^ecies as the present I cannot say.
30
GENUS TOXOPTERUS, BOLIVAR.
If this genus of the Tryxalinae occurs at all within the
confines of Argentina it will be near the Bolivian frontier.
It has been included in the table of genera on account of
the similarity in color between Toxopteni^ nuDiatns Bolivar
and a new^ form from several localities in Cordoba and Santa
Fe.
GENUS FENESTRA, BRUNNER.
TABLE FOR SEPARATION OF THE SPECIES.
A. Sides of pronotum gently diverging posteriorily in both sexes: the
median carina dusky, head not espeeiallj' large, no wider than
front edge of pronotnm.
b. Larger. Anterior field of male wings very broadly fenestrate: the
posterior field colored throughout pulchripeiiuis Bruner.
bb. Smaller. Anterior field of male wings narrowly fenestrate: the
posterior field colored on basal half. intermedia Bruner.
AA. Sides of pronotum parallel in male at least, the median carina of
same color as disk. Head comi)aratively lai'ge, a little wider
than front edge of pronotum. W.ngs hyaline.
argentina Bruner.
F. 'pulenripennis, n. sp.
Body slender; general color dull brownish testaceous
varied with green; antennae in male subensiform, in female
strongly ensiform; lateral carinae of pronotum straight,
slightly diverging posteriorly in both sexes; the median
carina dark browni or black; dorsal portion of head,
pronotum and folded wangs varying from brown to green in
female, brown in male ; sides of j^ronotum and head with
body browaiish testaceous in female, green becoming mixed
with brown on cheeks and metathorax in male ; front mar-
gin of tegmina in both sexes broadly marked with green ;
immediately back of this is a rather broad dark stripe more
or less interrupted by the heavy white cross-veins found in
this particular region ; balance of wing browm; hind wings
with the basal portion bright vermillion, becoming more
dilute tow^ards ai3ex ; anterior field broadly fenestrate, the
cross-veins on basal portion being angled and directed
towards the apex of wing anteriorl3^
Length of body : d 24 to 25 mm, ¥ 30 to 32 mm : prono-
tmii, d' 4.5 to 4.75 mm, ¥ 5.5 to 6 mm; tegmina, d and 9
22 mm: hind femora, c? 15 mm, ? 18 mm.
Found on the open camp early in December among dry
and dead grasses. A very active insect and difficult to cap-
ture. When flying the males are exceedingly noisy.
F. intermedia n. sp.
A slender species with the sides of pronotum gently ex-
panding towards the posterior edge : head rather small, the
ai3ex of tegmina gently exjianded and rounded: antennae in
male flattened at base, in the female dagger- like. General
color of male brownish testaceous, of female green : median
carina testaceous to brown : base of hind wings deep rose
color ; anterior portion fenestrate but less broadly so than
in pKlchripennis. The transverse veins in this portion of the
wing less numerous than in the other species — about nine in
number.
Length of body : <^ 20 mm; 9 28 mm; of tegmina, cf 16
mm, 9 20 mm; of hind femora, d 12 mm, 9 IH mm.
The numerous specimens examined were collected on the
l^ampas in the vicinity of Carcarana, P. C. C. A.
F. cdr/entina n. sp.
A rather small but comparatively robust species in which
the lateral carinae of the pronotum are parallel. The wing
covers are but little broadened towards the apex. General
color yellowish testaceous; pronotum with the lateral
carinae yellow brodered within by rather broad black lines ;
the anterior edge of front wings green, the disk smoky
brown, more or less transparent in the center, the dorsal
portion with a faint tinge of greenish ; hind wings with the
basal posterior portion faintly cinnabar red.
Length of body 21.5 mm; of tegmina 15 mm; hind femora
14.5 mm. A single male from Carcarana, P.O. C. A.
GENUS SINIPTA, STAL.
S. B((hti<nii Stal. A very common locust in dry localities
-where the grasses are inclined to grow in bunches. One of
?,-^
the species that winters over as adults. Cordoba (F. Schulz,
H. Stempehnann); Carcarana. (O. Thomas.)
\
Fig. 8. — Sinipta Daluiani, female, and top of head and pronotuin.
GENUS AMBLYTROPIDIA, STAL.
A. ferruf/ino.sd Stal. This locust occurs in small numbers
from Buenos Aires northward. Specimens are contained in
the collections of F. Schulz, H. Stempehnann and O.
Thomas. It was also reported by Gigiio-Tos.
GENUS DICHROATETTIX, N. G.
Specimens of a rather small bat comparatively robust lo-
cust related to the genus Steiiobof/n-ns were found in consid-
erable numbers over portions of the provinces of Santa Fe
and Cordoba. These apparently belong to an undescribed
genus which might be characterized as follows :
Fastigium of the vertex rather broad with the margins
slightly raised ; the lateral foveolae only faintly indicated,
linear and visible from above ; the vertex above with a per-
current longitudinal carina. Antennae with the joints flat-
tened, slightly constricted in the middle, expanded at the
base and towards the apex, in the female about as long as
head and pronotum combined, in the male half as long again,
in the latter curled toward apex. Frontal costa rather broad,
not very prominent and gently sulcate from the antennae to
clypeus. Pronotum with the front edge straight ; the lateral
carinae converging towards the middle, the hind edge a
right angle or more, transverse groove about the middle.
Tegmina complete, nearly or quite reaching the tip of the
hind femora ; costal area of wings in male somewhat broad-
ened indicating that the insect might be a noisy one. Hind
wings with basal portion red, apex infuscated, the males
dusky, females greenish.
33
D. vhi(lifj-(nis n. 823.
The beautiful ai^ple-gTeen face, along with its white
labial and maxillary palpi, will at once distino-uish this
species from any possible other forms of Argentine lo-
custs. Antennae ferruginous above, black or dark brown
below\ Male with occiput dark testaceous inclining to
brown and provided Mith two diverging darker colored lines
which reach the front edge of the j^ronotum : the latter Avith
<C-njl--^AeH]tWMH.. -JKt^^
Fiy. 9 — Dichroatettix viridifrons, fcuialt". Fia;. 10. — D. v ridifrons, male.
the disk more or less intensely blackened toward the rear ;
the sides somewhat varigated with light and dark oblique
bands which point from the lateral carinae in the rear
towards the front. Tegmina brownish with black obscure
mottlings along discal area and aj^ical portion. Lower and
inner sides of hind femora and hind tibiae in male blackish,
except a preapical annulus on femora and a post-basal one
on tibiae; posterior tarsi somewhat paler; in female, lower
edges only of hind femora blackish, outer, upj^er, and inner
faces greenish. Upper portion of abdomen yellowish with
an orange brown tint.
Length of body: d 1^ mm, V i'4 to 'l\^ mm; ])ronotum,
d^ 4mm, ? 5.5 mm; tegmina, d 14 to 15 mm, '+ 17 to 18
mm; hind femora, d 12.5 mm, + 15 mm.
Cordoba (F. Schulz) ; Carcarana (O. Thomas).
GENUS STAURORHECTUS, GIGLIO-TOS.
St. lojigicoriiis Giglio-Tos. San Lorenzo, Tala (Giglio-Tos)
Cordoba (P. Schulz, H. Stemi)elmann. )
GENUS STIRAPLEURA, SCUDDER.
This genus is represented in Argentina, so far as the
material before me would indicate, by at least four distinct
34
species none of which seem to have been decribecl. They
occur upon the ojDen camp from Cordoba and Santa Pe south-
ward at least to Bahia Blanca, being among the commoner
grasshoppers.
TABLE FOR SP:PARAT1NG THE SPECIES.
A. Largei". Tegmina with a distinct, narrow, light-colored subcostal
stripe,
b. General color above reddish brown, more or less marked with black
and dark brown. Pronotum with the disk dark and the lateral
c irinti? light. sig'iiatipenuis Bruner.
bb. General color above dull testaceous without distinct mottlings or
other marks. Pronotum with the disk unadorned; the upper
edges of sides blackish. pallida Bruner.
AA. Smaller. Tegmina not provided with an especially distinct, narrow,
light-colored subcostal stripe,
b. Whole insect above more or less varied by lines of green, brown or
testaceous and conspicuously marked with black and white.
variabili-s Bruner.
bb. Whole insect above quite evenly dull brownish, the raai'kings
inconspicuoiTS. obscura Bruner.
S. HignaUpennis n. sp.
The larger of the four species belonging to this genus in
which the general color above is reddish brown, more or
less marked with black or dark brown ; fastigium of the ver-
tex but gently depressed, the lateral foveolae well marked,
twice as long as broad : j^ronotum with the median carinae
qiute prominent the lateral ones being obliterated with the
exception of in front and towards the rear where they
appear as whitish raised ridges : tegmina and wings extend-
ing slightly beyond the tip of the abdomen in both sexes, as
do also the hind femora; the latter comparatively robust;
basal tegmina with a subcostal white line, the median area
provided with a row of rather large subquadrate dusky
spots ; other spots of same color also scattered upon the
dorsal, apical, and costal areas of wing ; posterior femora
with the knees above black, indications of dusky bands on
upper edge of exterior and interior faces, also sulcus ; hind
tibiae pale purple.
Length of body: cf 17mm, 9 22 mm; pronotum, d" 3.5
mm, + 4 to 4.25 mm; tegmina, c? 12.5 mm, ? 16 mm; hind
femora, c? 10 mm, 9 13 mm.
This insect seems to De quite var tioie oorli m size and
color and is distributed over a considerable portion of the
Republic from the Pampa Ceatral and extending into
Ura.o'uay to the eastward. Whether or not it will prove
to be the insect decsribed by Blanchard as Oe(Ji[)od((
sif/ndfipejniis I cannot say since I have not access to his de-
scription. ,^ Dr. ^Berg- of the National Museum in Buenos
Aires has written an article for the Stettiner Entomologische
Zeitschrift in which he mentions certain Orthojitera from
the Pamapa Central one of which he doubtfully refers
to Stoiobothrus .sU/iKtt/peiniis, and for this reason I am not
quite certain but that he refers to the j^resent insect.
Fig. 11. — Stirapleura pallida, female.
*V. iMiUida n. sj).
This insect may be distinguished from the others by the
absensce of markings upon the disk of the pronotum and
dorsal edges of the head and tegmina, and by having the
lateral lobes of the pronotum banded with black. General
color testaceous or dead grass brown, with the sides of head,
back of eyes, and lateral lobes of pronotum marked by a
broad dark line in the center of which is a narrower one of the
general body color. The tegmina are provided with a
subcostal greenish white line, and the disk with a longi-
tudinal series of quadrate dusky spots. Hind femora with
indications on the upper edge of dusky bands, below more
or less tinted with red ; hind tibiae reddish.
Length: of body, average, c^ 15 mm, + 1*0 mm; pronotum,
c? 3 mm, + 3.8") mm; tegmina,, c? 11.") mm, 9 15mm; hind
femora, d" 10 mm, 9 13.5mm.
Carcarana, F. C. C. A. (O. Thomas) ; and other portions
of Santa Fe and Buenos Aires provinces.
36
S. variahiUs n. sj^.
A rather small though compact species in which the body
is more or less varied by lines of green, brown or testaceous
and marked with black and white. General color of male
brownish testaceous, of female greenish. The face in the
male testaceous, in the female green; toj) of head (male)
with a rather broad central testaceous line bordered on each
side by an equally broad black band which is extended upon
the disk of i3ronotum taking in the lateral carinae and ex-
tending as a narrow dagger-like stripe upon the dorsal por-
Fig. 12. — Stirapleura variabilis— female.
tion of the tegmina : the lateral carinae whitish : there is a
rather heavy raised line on lateral side of i^ronotum which
is white in both sexes, female with slight indications of
black line bordering the eyes above and the white carinae of
pronotum otherwise obliterated. Wings with a discal field
provided with from four to five rather large blackish spots
separated by the general color of wing. Hind femora show-
ing indications of oblique dusky bands ; knees also dusky :
posterior tibiae with the basal portion whitish testaceous,
becoming duksy toward the middle, from which point to
the ai^ex they are reddish ; feet whitish, lower surface light
testaceous.
Length of body : d 10.5 mm, 9 17 to 18 mm: pronotum,
d 2 mm, 9 8.25 mm; tegmina, c? 8 mm, ? 12nnn: hind
femora, d" 7 mm, ? 10.5 mm.
Bahia Blanca and Pampa Central, where it is rather
abundant on dry camp. Not observed in the collections
examined.
S. obsci/ra n. sp.
A medium sized si3ecies in which the general color is dark
brown, more or less variegated or mottled with light
37
testaceous. Head and pronotum, with the exception of lower
posterior third, dark brown, the latter being light
testaceous : wings testaceous, having most of the veins and
cross veins black or dark brown, some of them heavier than
others and giving the wings a slightly mottled appearance.
Hind femora with indications of bands, especially on the
inner face; the knees jDartly black, lower sulcus light
testaceous : hind tibia, with the apical half reddish, basal half
testaceous ; lower side of body, especially abdomen whitish,
balance becoming brownish above.
Length of body : c? lO to 11 mm, ? 14 mm; pronotum, c?
2.50 to 2.50. ? 2.75; tegmina, d 10 mm, 9 13 mm; hind
femora, cJ' 7 mm, + lOmm.
Fairly common during the month of December at Bahia
Blanca. Not seen elsewhere, nor observed in any of the
collections.
GENUS PLECTROTETTIX, McNEILL.
7'. jiicfu.s n. sp.
General color above dark brown, beneath white or light
yellow; above varied with green and light testaceous. The
posterior tibiae and under side of posterior femora bright
carmine to purple, the hind femora with two oblique light
bands on outer and inner faces, also a preai3ical annul us of
same color, and rather broad, bright colored annulus at base of
hind tibiae. The fastigium of the vertex blunt and gently
sulcate above ; the lateral foveolae represented only by a few
punctures forming an interrupted depression about twice as
long as broad in the male ; in the female nearly obliterated ;
frontal costa rather prominent and broad, gradually widening
from a point immediately above the base of the antennae to
the clypeus, little or not at all sulcate. Pronotum with the
median carina percurrent, severed only by the last transverse
groove, a little in advance of the middle. Lateral carinae of
pronotum greenish or testaceous ; converging towards the
middle where they are interrupted between the transverse
sulci; sides of pronotum either green or light testaceous
38
with a medium dark spot: the posterior lobe deeply and
coarsely pitted; the anterior lobes smooth; mesa and
metapleura coarsely pitted with the sides gently compressed.
There is also a dark streak extending from lower edge of
eyes to outer marign of clypeus ; the latter and outer edges
of mandibles carneous. Tegmina provided with a subcostal
green stripe, the discal area more or less strongly mottled
with alternate white or green and black markings basally
but becoming general on the apical half of wing. Tegmina
and wings extending beyond the tip of hind femora ; the lat-
ter comparatively heavy at the base, reaching slightly be-
yond the tip of abdomen in both sexes ; hind tibiae with from
9 to 11 spines in outer row^.
Length : of body d* 28 to 30 mm, ? 40 to 45 mm ; prono-
tum, d' 5 mm, ? 7. 5 mm ; tegmina, d 26 mm, + 31 to 38
mm; hind femora, d 18 mm, ? 22 to 27 mm.
This insect is quite numerous in the provinces of Cordoba
and Sante Pe, in some localities being sufficiently plentiful
to cause damage to garden and some field crops grown in low
places where the vegetation becomes unusually rank.
Specimens were seen in the collections of F. Schulz, H.
Stempelmann, O. Thomas, and both the National and La
Plata museums. A considerableseries of these insects was
also taken at Carcarana and Rosario.
Fig. 13. — Plectrotettix plctus. male, tip of liind tibia and tDp of head and
pronotiim.
GENUS EUPLETROTETTIX, N. G.
Body of medium size, slightly compressed ; tegmina and
wings complete; posterior femora moderately robust at base.
3i>
reaching (female) or slightly surpassing the apex of abdo-
men (male). Inner lower spur of hind tibiae nearly or quite
twice the length of the upper one. The tibiae with ten
spines in outer row. Tegmina with a well developed inter-
callary vein. Fastigium of the vertex a little narrower than
the shortest diameter of the eyes, the foveolae shallow, wdth
a median carina running through it and continued ujjon the
occiput to the front edge of prnontum ; the edges of foveola
blunt and turning inwards and backwards at the upper apex
of the eyes where they approach quite closely to the median
carina, becoming dimmer upon the occiput, though present
in the shape of rows of little tubercels almost to the front
edge of the pronotum. Frontal costa prominent, rather
broad above between the base of the antennae, becoming
broader below, gently sulcate above the ocellus continuing to
the clypens ; front rather prominent, somewhat rounded when
viewed from the side. Prothorax as in Plectrotetti.v but with
the lateral carinae less prominently converging towards the
middle and continuous throughout, cut by the middle and last
transverse sulci, the last sulcus about the middle.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES,
A. Snniller species. General color luiiform ferrngiuous or light brown,
the markings inconspicuous and irregular,
b. Lateral carina- of jjronotum (piite prominent, but gently converg-
ing near the mitldle. Mottlings of tegmina confined chietly to
flisk. " ferriig'iueus Bruner.
bb. Lateral carina' of pronotum feeble on anterior lobe, considerably
converging near the middle. Mottlings of tegmina (|uite gener-
ally distributed. " cou.sper.sus Bruner.
AA. Larger species. General color testaceous or green, the markings
quite conspicuous and regular.
h. Disk of jn'onotum more or less plainly marked with black along
inner edge of the well-developed lateral carin;c. Tegmina with
a row of discal spots. General color testaceous, streaked with
brown. S<*liulzi Bruner.
bb. Disk of pronotum not plainly marked witli black lines along inner
edge of lateral carina-. Tegmina with dark markings not con-
tined to disk. (Jeneral color green or greenish yellow.
prasiuus Bi-imer.
Ell j )/<'ctrof('tf i.r fc r I- u (/ i nc 1/ s n. sp.
General color ferruginous, mtirked with lines and dots of
dark brown and black. Hind tibiae red, tip of spines black.
40
Antennae with the basal joints depressed becoming fih-
form apically, about as long as the head and pronotum com-
bined. Vertex slightly acute-angled and extending in front
of the eyes nearly (male), or quite (female), as far as the
distance between them. Head wdien viewed from above
about as wide as front edge of prothorax ; the disk of latter
somewhat narrower in front than behind: the lateral carinae
of male and female nearly as j^rominent as the median.
Tegmina of male, with costal edge hyaline and more or less
regularly veined with diagonal cross veins, this area slightly
expanded; a median row of small subquadrate black spots:
in the female the dorsal edge is also more or less mottled
with small dark brown flecks, a few of which are also
scattered upon the apical third of wing. Sides of pronotum
and body, together with the hind thighs along their carinae
flecked with black: there are also dim indications along-
upper margin on latter of three dusky and three light bands :
lower sulcus of femora, and hind tibiae bright coral red, the
latter pale towards the base: knee and basal jDortion of
tibiae black : venter yellow.
Length: of body, rf 12 to 1^ mm, 9 21 mm: of pronotum,
c? 3mm, ¥ 3.75 mm: of tegmina, cJ'14 mm, 9 1(5 mm: of
hind femora, d 10 mm, 9 12 mm.
This insect is fairly common on the sandy knolls about
Asuncion, Paraguay, and the more elevated regions of the
territory of Formosa across the river to the west.
Eaplevti-otetti.r conspersK-'^ n. sp.
In structure and size very similar to the preceding, but
with the markings more scattered over the whole insect.
Ground color dull testaceous. Head slightly broader than
front edge of i^rothorax, the latter with the lateral carinae
on the front lobe rather dim and considerably convergent
toward the middle, cut by the last transverse sulcus about
the middle : posterior edge a little more than a right angle :
the sides of head provided with several parallel transverse
carinae ; entire surface more or less regularly and coarsel}"
punctate. Posterior femora with indications of oblique
41
dusky bands on outer face and three on uj^per edge which
pass to the inner face : the lower sulcus dull testaceous ; hind
tibiae carneous or dull liesh color towards apex, becoming
lighter towards the base ; knee and apex of hind femora as
in the preceding sj^ecies.
Length (female): of body :^1 mm, of pronotnm 4 mm, of
tegmina 1H.5 mm, of hind femora 11 mm.
Found upon the eastern slopes of the Andes at Mendoza,
January L^7th.
Fig. 14. — Eaphctrotettix conspersnti — female
Eiiph'cfrofeftir Schn/zi n. sp.
The body compressed, rather deep at mesothorax : occiput
short, sam« width as front edge of prothorax, the latter
slightly compressed from the sides; the lateral carinae
nearly as prominent as median in the male, parallel to last
transverse sulcus, from this point backward slightly diver-
gent : in the female converging to a little in front of last
transverse sulcus: j)osterior angle very obtuse; the hind
portion provided on sides with irregular transverse ridges.
Posterior femora extending slightly beyond the tip of abdo-
men in both sexes. Tegmina widest a little beyond the mid-
dle. Color variable, the general ground color being light
testaceous to brownish ferruginous, more or less regularly
streaked above and on the sides with black, the posterior
femora showing three well-detined dusky oblique bands on
outer face and across the upper margin, and internally.
Tegmina with a subcostal line of white or green, obliter-
ated in some specimens ; the discal field provided with rathm*
large regular dusky spots, these markings continuing almost
to the apex of the wing ; the upper and lower edges usually
more or less free from markings, though in some specimens
where the disk of the pronotum is marked along the inner
42
edge of lateral carinae with black this same color extends
upon the dorsal angle of tegmina. Face below the eyes
usually furnished with a well-defined black streak. Sides of
pronotum with the usual tryxaline light and dark streaks.
Hind tibiae varying from dull red to bright red, with a pale
basal annulus : knees and ajDex of femora as in the preceding
forms.
Length: of body, d^ 15 mm, ? 23 mm; of pronotum, d^
3.25 mm, ? 4.5 mm ; of tegmina, d' 14 mm, ? 18 to 20 mm;
of hind femora, d 10.5 mm, ? 13 to 14 mm.
Very common in the vicinity of Cordoba where it may be
found during the winter months among the dead bunch grass
growing on the sandy ujjland. Prom the collection of F.
Schulz.
Euplectrotettix prasinus n. sp.
This is a somewhat larger, more robust insect than any of
the preceding, in which the head is somewhat broader than
the front edge of pronotum. The latter with the middle
carina considerably the strongest, the lateral ones gently
converging in front of the middle from w^hich point they di-
verge both anteriorly and posteriorly ; the hind edge some-
what more than a right angle; the sides and head quite
smooth, the punctulation being feeble. General color of
head and thorax dull apple green ; tegmina, base of abdomen,
and legs dull testaceous; the tegmina with indication of
discal spots. Hind femora showing traces of dusky and light
bands; hind tibiae red; lower sulcus of femora yellow;
knees black; venter yellow.
Length (female) : of body, 30 mm, of pronotam 5.5 mm.
of tegmina 21 mm, of hind femora 15 mm. Cordoba in
January, where it is found in rank grass ; not plentiful.
SUB-FAMILY OEDIPODINAE.
In some parts of the Nortb American continent this sub-
family becomes very numerous in genera and species but it
seems to be represented in Argentina by less than a dozen
species. None of these insects are of any special importance
43
from the economic .standpoint but the various species of
Bufonacris become interesting- on account of their peculiar
obese structure and wingless bodies. These insects are
found in the arid and sub-arid regions southward. The forms
of this sub-family may be recognized by the following :
TABLE FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE GENERA.
A Flxtenial margin of posterior tibia' without the apical spine.
b. Posterior tibia' terete, the lateral margins rounded, the apical spurs
compressed so that they are narrower than deep at base,
c. Body apterous. Pronotum behind straight or gently emarginate.
d. Head perpendicular, the frontal costa irregular, dilated at the
ocellus, not sulcate. Body tuberculate.
e. Antenna' slender, moderatelj^ long, somewhat tlatteued. Head
tumid. PAPIPAPPUS Sau.ssure.
ee. Antenna' short, moderately heavy and apical ly somewhat
clavate. Head not tumitl. PAPPUS Saussure.
dd. Head more or less declivant, the vertex angulate: frontal costa
straight, sulcate. Protonum costulate.
PH K YNOTE TTIX Saussure.
cc. Body winged; the hind ]iair with a transverse duskv l)and. Pro-
notum angulate behind. TKIM.EROTKOP1S Stal.
l)b. Posterior til:)ia' more or less flattened apically, the edges acute,
the apical spurs depressed so thai thev arc l^roader than deep at
base: Winged. "C<KLOPTEKXA Stal.
AA. External margin of posterior lil)i:c jjrovided with an apical s])ine.
Body strongly depressed, apterus. Pronotum with the posterior
margin not produced: the mesonotum uncovered. Posterior
til)ia' many-.spined. BUFOXACKIS Walker.
GENUS PAPIPAPPUS, SAUSSURE.
F. cldrdxidiiNs Sauss. This odd looking insect was des-
cribed by Dr. H. de Saussure from specimens collected by G.
Claraz between the rivers Rio-Negro and Rio-Chubut. No
specimens have been examined by the writer.
GENUS PAPPUS, SAUSSURE.
P. iKifdi/omis Sauss. Prodrom OEdi^Dod, p. iOU. (Rio-
Negro, G. Claraz).
GENUS PHRYNOTETTIX, SAUSSURE.
A single female specimen of an insect now in my posses-
sion that was collected along witli live others by some mem-
ber of the U. S. Fish Connnission steamer Albatross staff on
the Straits of Magellan, is referred to this genus. It
44
seems to be distinct from both the P/injnotetti.r noia Sauss.
and P. peruviana Sauss. — the former from Chile and the latter,
as the name would indicate, from Peru.
PI I r II not et fix JIaf/elltniicus n. sp.
Rather robust, comparatively small (15 mm in leng-i;h),
apterous ; greenish testaceous with indications along lateral
carinae, thorax, sides of back, and middle of sides of abdo-
men of dark brown or black lines.
Fastigium of vertex somewhat acute angled, considerably
projecting in front of the eyes. The lateral foveolae large,
deep, about one-half longer than wide. Frontal costa very
narrow above, gradually widening below, sulcate throughout,
and reaching clypeus. Antennae about fifteen-jointed, the
joints flattened, about as long as head and two-thirds of i^ro-
notum; the latter short, truncate in front, slightly emarginate
behind, about reaching front edge of metathorax. The
median carina quite heavy, continuous throughout and not
cut by transverse sulci. The lateral carinae converging
towards middle and again expanding posteriorily, a little
closer together at the hind edge of pronotum than in front.
The thorax and abdominal segments with a mediodorsal
carina throughout : also provided with sujiplimentary carinae
in continuaiton of the lateral ones of ])ronotum. In addition to
these there is also a faint indication of another carina on
middle of lateral lobes of pronotum which is also continuous
upon the side of abdomen, below" wdiich is a black line. Pos-
terior femora moderately slender, the hind tibiae with ten
sj^ines in outer row. Foveolae of vertex with median lonsi-
tudinal carina continued upon occiput.
Length : of body 15 mm, of pronotum 3 mm, of hind femora
H mm.
GENUS TRIMEROTROPIS, STAL.
T. pal/iiJiiicniiis Burm. This insect is represented in all of
the collections examined by me. There are si^ecimens from
Cordoba (Schulz); Rosario (Stempelmann) ; Carcarana (O.
45
Thomas). It occurs throughout all of tropical and sub-
tropical America, and has, therefore, received several names.
Giglio-Tos vef erred it to 'froclii/rhoch is OoreaNs Sauss. (Boll.
Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. di Torino, IX, No. 184, p. 14) but
later corrected the error.
GENUS COELOPTERNA, STAL.
('. (trutii'nmfd (de Geer). Rosario, St. Pe (Stempelmann) ;
Carcarana (O. Thomas.)
This insect was made the type of a distinct sub-family by
Stal; but Brunner v. Wattenwyl in his "Revision du Sys-
teme des Orthojjteres" places it along with the OEdipodinae
where I am willing to let it remain at present. Blanehard
redescribes and figures this insect under the name PauJ'niki
iiufcosa (D'Orbigny, Voyage dans L'Amer. Merid., Vol. VI.
Pt. 2, Insectes, p. (216), PI. XXVII, Pig. (3), and Giglio-Tos
(Boll. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, No. Is4, p. 7)
describes a new variety with abbreviated wings as Coelopterna
acuminata var brerijicnnis. The insect is one that lives ujjon
aquatic plants and often must swim, hence the jDeculiar devel-
opment of hind tibiae and their spurs.
GENUS BUPONACRIS, WALKER.
B. terrestrix Walk. Four specimens of this peculiar,
robust, wingless locust were taken at Gregory Bay on the
Straits of Magellan by some member of the U. S. Pish
Commission force during the cruise of the steamer Albatross
for the years 1887-88. Walker's specimen was also taken at
the same locality, hence Saussure is mistaken when he dis-
credits Walker's statement as to habitat of this insect
(Additamenta ad Prodromum OEdipodiorum, p. KKi, foot
note).
B. — spy Several specimens were observed in the collection
of the La Plata Museum that evidently belong here. They
seemed to belong to at least two species, and, if my memory
does not fail me, were taken in the Territory of Chubut.
46
SUB-FAMILY PYRGOMORPHINAE.
The insects belonging to this sub-family are somewhat
aberrant when we take into consideration the forms which
occur in this country, the typical forms of the group having
the face very much slanting towards the rear and the apex
of the head considerably advanced in front of the eyes,
while the Argentina forms have the face nearly perpendicular
and the vertex little or not at all advanced in front of the
eyes. The typical form of the body of these insects also is
somewhat slender, smooth, and fusiform, while here in Ar-
gentina they are very obese and more or less covered with
spines and wart-like projections. Some of the species are
quite numerous in jDortions of the country and have been
even reported at different times to attack and destroy the
tobacco plant which they feed upon.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE GENERA.
A. Body more or less graceful and cylindrical, somewhat mgose. The
anteuniv filiform. Pronotiuu feebly carinated.
b. Tegmina and wings perfectly developed, extending considerably
beyond the tip of the abdomen in both sexes. Carina' of hind
femora smooth. Internal angles of mesosternal lobes rounded at
apex. OSSA Giglio-Tos.
bb. Tegmina and wings somewhat abbreviated. Carin;eof hind femora
toothed. Internal angles of mesosternal lobes not rounded.
OMMKXECHA Serville.
A A. Body very obese and greatly depressed: coarsely tuberculate. cari-
nated and spined. Antenna' with the joints somewhat flattened,
subensiform. Pronotal carina always more or less cristate,
bb. Tegmina and wings present. Pronotum without the lateral
toothed, leaf-like expansion; its hintl Itoi'der broadly angulate
and adorned with five flat, tooth-like projections— the middle one
furcate. SPATHALITM Bolivar,
b. Tegmina and wings wanting. Pronotum furnished at lower late-
ral edges with a toothed, leaf-like expansion: its hind border
broadly rounded and adorned with a series of six distinct, heavy,
blunt spines. GKyKA Philippi.
Fig. 15. — Ossa vh'idis. and tip of vertex.
47
GENUS OSSA, GIGLIO-TOS.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. Body covered with long white hair. Tegmiiia above with au orange
spot at base. Eyes globose. Posterior femora moderately heavy.
bimaculata Giglio-Tos.
AA. Body subglabrous. Tegmiua above without a l)asal spot. Eyes
ovoid. Posterior femora somewhat slender, vii'idis Giglio-Tos.
. (). biiiKtriildfd Gi.s^lio-Tos. Resistencia, Cliaco (Giglio-Tos).
0. viridis Giglio-Tos. San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Gigiio-Tos) :
Cordoba (P. Schulz) ; Carcarana, Santa Fe (O. Thomas).
This last named species is exceedingly common in some lo-
calities, where it seems to prefer certain food-plants to others.
One of these is a Nycotlana or closely realted form with yel-
lowish blossoms. It might, therefore transfer its attention to
the tobacco plant where this is cultivated.
GENUS OMMEXECHA, SERVILLE.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPEGIES.
A. Tegmina not reaching the apex of abdomen.
1). General color green; tegmina shorter. Hind femora externally
smooth. vireiis Serv.
bl). General color dull brown; tegmina longer. Hind femora exter-
nally hirsute. Servillei Blanch.
AA. Tegmina reaching beyond the tip of abdomen. The genicular lobes
of hind femora two-spined. iiiacropteruni Blanch.
0. vire)if< Serv. Recorded from Buenos Aires (Serville).
Perhaps only a freshly molted specimen of the next species.
(>. Servillei Blanch. Resistencia, Chaco (Gigiio-Tos) ;
Corrientes (Bolivar). This insect occurs in arid localities
and according to Blanchard is especially fond of tobacco as a
food-plant.
0. macroitteruin JM?i\ich. San Pablo, Tucuman; San Lor-
enzo, Jujuy (Giglio-Tos). This insect was redescribed as i).
Jiruniieri by Bolivar according to Dr. Karsch. (Ent.
Nachricht., XIV, p. 329, 1888); and the (). iii<(vroi>terum
Blanch, referred to the new genus Spathaliu)n (Mong. de los
Pirgomorfinos, p. 34).
48
GENUS SPATHALIUM, BOLIVAR.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A Tegmiua longer than the abdomen.
b. Wings thisky. as long as the tegmina. Somnieri Bnrm.
bb. Wings hyaline, much shorter than tegmina.
Audouini Blanch.
AA. Tegmina shorter than the abdomen.
i). Body of a nearly uniform color, either green or brownish-gray,
c. Body comparatively smooth, the tubercles of head, pronotum and
hind thighs comparatively small and blunt. General color grass-
green, virifli.s Bruner.
cc. Body more coarsely tuberculate. General color graj'ish brown.
obsciirum Bruner.
bb. Body with tegmina and limbs more or less streaked with testace-
ous, brown and black,
c. Pronotum armed on disk with numerous spine- like tubercles.
Grayish-brown, varied with streaks of light testaceous and dull
black. liispidiiiu Bruner.
cc. Pronotum with the disk armed less decidedly with tubercles.
Yellowish-gray, but little varied by streaks of darker hue.
testaoeiiiu Bruner-
>S'. Soiiiiiieri Burm. Recorded as occurring at Montevideo
(Karsch). I do not know this locust.
»S'. Audouini Blanch. Salta (Giglio-Tos).
Fig. 17. — Spatlialium viridU, .emale.
SpafJtdJiiiiii riridis n. sp.
Of a uniform grass-green color, more or less varied along
the margins of elytra, posterior femora, hind edges of ab-
dominal segments, and base of legs with brownish purple.
Body comparatively smooth, the surface of pronotum, meso-
and metapleurae and femora with the tuberlces small and
blunt. The frontal costa continuous with the tubercles small
and blunt. The frontal costa continuous with the sulcus of
fastigium, very narrow above and widening but little to a
point half way between the ocellus and clypeus, where the
lateral carinae end abruptly. Prom this 23oint on the face
49
is somewhat raised, indicating- a continuation of the frontal
costa but without well-deHned lateral carinae. Tegmina
about two-thirds as long as abdomen, pointed at apex and
scarcely meeting on back.
Length : of body, average, cf 23 mm, ? 34 mm ; of pro-
notum, (f 7 mm, ? 10.5 mm; of tegmina, d 15 mm, ? 16
mm: of hind femora, d^ 12 mm, + 16 mm.
Found only at Carcarana F. C. C. A. in the province of
Santa Fe, where it occurs in moderate numbers upon the
ojjen camp.
From collections of O. Thomas and A. Kurriger.
Spathalixiii obscunnii n. sp.
This insect is very similar in general structure and size to
the preceding, but differs markedly from that in having the
body entirely dark brownish gray, more or less varied with
black or deep brown. The thorax, pleurae, and femora are
much more heavily armed with tubercles and sjDines than in
the jireceding. The frontal costa in some specimens is
sulcate above and continuous with sulcation of fastigium ;
the lateral carinae converging to a point below the antennae,
then broadening again to oceUus and below where they end
as in iDreceding species. Posterior femora with indications
of two oblique dark colored bands on outer face, in some
si^ecimens accompanied by one of much lighter color just
beyond the middle. Tegmina with a more or less well de-
fined row of black dots along the discal field and upper edge,
otherwise of a uniform dull l^rown color.
Dimensions slightly less than preceding.
This insect has been taken at Cordoba (F. Schulz) and
Carcarana (O. Thomas). Less numerous than the proceding.
SiKif/Ki/iuji In'sjiiduiii n. sp.
In size and general structure similar to the two jjreceding,
but differs from both of them in having the body very much
variegated with lighter and darker streaks of yellowish gray,
brown, and black ; also in having the pronotum armed with
very strong tubercles which are spine-like in character,
50
projecting posteriorly on the hind lobe of j^ronotum and on
sides of nieso- and metathorax. Posterior femora compara-
tively smooth. The face of the frontal costa continuous from
the juncture with f astigium of vertex to clypeus ; the lateral
Fig. 18. — Spa haluim hispiduDi. female.
Fig. 19. — SpallLaliam, male.
carinae parallel to a point a little below the ocellus where
they diverge strongly to about three times the original width
of costa when they proceed nearly parallel to within a very
short distance of the clypeus and then again diverge.
As indicated above, the general color of this insect is
brownish-testaceous, varied with lighter and darker streaks.
The lateral carinae of pronotum, a line near the lower
margin of the lower edge along with carinae on all the
femora, the cheeks, and a transverse line between upper
edges of eyes, yellowish clay color ; the intervening spaces
brown becoming blackish in some specimens. Tegmina with
the discal field provided with a row of blackish sraots, some of
the upper veins or interspaces black, other portions varied
with streaks of lighter and darker brow^n. Hind femora wdth
oblique dusky bands in most specimens, the outer face marked
beyond the middle with a light band.
Length : of body, cJ* 22-23 mm, 9 37 mm ; of pronotum, d^
8mm, ? 11.5 mm; of hind femora, d^ 13 mm, ? 17 mm.
51
Specimens of this insect have been seen from Cordoba (F.
Schulz) and others collected at Carcarana where it is, per-
haps, the most numerous of the three species described
above and found at this locality.
,Sp((fh(i/iiiJii festdceioii n. sp.
A fourth species of this genus was found at Toaj^, Pampa
Central. This insect is very similar in general form to
those described above, but differs from them in having the
spines or projections on the pronotum much longer and leaf -
like than in the preceding forms. It is also considerably
larger, and has the body uniformly yellowish brown with
comparatively few marks of darker color on sides and disk
of jDronotum, and on the middle of outer face of hind femora
and the disk of tegmina.
Frontal costa gently sulcate, the sides parallel to a point
a little below ocellus, then rather broadly but roundly diver-
gent, then continuous to clypeus in a somewhat similar form
to that of ^ifihuifKiii. The hind femora with a toothed leaf-
like exjDansion on lower outer carina about midway between
base and apex. The head much broader in proporation to
size of insect than in any of the preceding species.
Length (female): of body 45 mm, of pronotum 18 mm, of
tegmina 20 mm, of hind femora 15 mm.
GENUS GRAEA, PHILIPPI.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. More graceful, comparatively smooth, varied with light and darker
shades of testaceous and brown. horrida Philippi.
AA. More robust: much more rugose — unicolorous.
luoustrosa Bruuer.
G. Jtorrida Philippi. This insect has been recorded from
various localities between Bahia Blanca and Catamarca, but
some of the records undoubtedly refer to the next species.
Specimens of G. horrkki have been examined from Mendoza,
San Louis and Cordoba, (P. Schulz, H. Stempelmann).
52
Graea monstrosa n. sj).
In structure very similar to Graea horrida of Philippi but
somewhat broader and more rugose, unicolorous, varying
from a dull testaceous brown to dark wood brown, in some
specimens greenish yellow. Some of the males have the
posterior portion of the disk of pronotum more or less
swollen and of a lighter color, otherwise as indicated above,
uniform throughout. The tubercles on outer face of hind
femora five in number instead of six as in G. horrida.
Length: of body, d^ 28 mm, 9 34-36 mm; of j^ronotum,
c? 8 mm, 9 9.5 mm; width of pronotum in widest place, 6'
9 mm, ? 14 mm; of hind femora, d 11.5 mm, ? 13 mm; of
antennae, c? 10 mm, 9 12 mm.
This insect is found in moderate numbers from Bahia
Blanca at the south to Cordoba in the north, being confined
chiefiy to uplands where it occurs on sandy soil among the
short scattered vegetation.
From collections of H. Stempelmann and F . Schulz.
Fig. 20. — Gra a monsti'osa, female.
SUB-FAMILY ACRIDIINAE.
This is by far the most extensive sub-family of locusts
represented in the region covered by the j3resent paper, and
contains, with but two or three exceptions, all of the de-
structive species. The following rather long table for the
separation of the genera to which these insects belong will
be of some value to the reader in sejDarating the many forms
that occur in any particular region. In genera where more
than one species occur there will also be found tables for
the separation of the different sj^ecies. Those which have
53
been thus far known to do damage to cultivated vegetation
or to grasses growing on the pampas will be mentioned in
detail under the resjDective species.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE GENERA.
A. Posterior Tibirt' provided with an apical spine above iu both margins,
b. Fastigium of the vertex horizontally greatly produced.
c. Crest of the pronotum serrate throughout.
PKIONOLOPHA Stal
cc. Crest of the pronotum not serrate or sometimes posteriorih'
erenulate, or sometimes cut by the transverse sulci,
d. Lateral carina* of the pronotum converging toward the front,
e. Carinte of the frontal costa pai'allel or gently diverging above
the oee lus.
f. Tegmina and wings complete, erpialing or surpassing the
abdomen. TKOPlI>()N<)TUS Serv.
ff. Tegmina and wings abbreviated.
ALCA3IENES Stal.
ee. Carina' of the frontal costa diverging aljove tlie ocellus,
dd. Lateral carina- of the pronotum parallel or diverging toward
the front. EL.-EOCHLOKA Stal.
bb. P'astigium of the vertex sloping or depressed.
c. Wings with that portion just back of the vein which divides the
first and second parts dilated and provided with numerous par-
allel transverse veins.
d. Fastigium of the vertex subtriangularly acuminate. Frontal
costa compressed. Pronotum above rounded: lateral carina
obliterated in fi-ont of last transverse sulcus, blunt back of it.
KH<)MALE.\ Burmeister.
dd. Fastigium of the vertex obtuse. Frontal costa not compressed
or sulcate.
e. Median carina of the pronotum not cristate.
f. Head somewhat smooth. Frontal costa above the antennas
obtusely sulcate. ZONIOPODA Stal.
ff. Head ru'gulose. Frcmtal costa usually continuous to the
clypeus", sulcate. CLAKAZELLA Pict. et Sauss.
e. Median carina of the pronotum elevated into a crest which is
interrupted by the sulci. TKOPIDACKIS Scudder.
cc. Wing with that portion jnstltackof the vein which diviiles the
first and second parts not dilated nor provided witli transverse
parallel veins. Fastigium of the vertex rounded and fading
into the frontal costa. DIPONTIIl'S Stal.
AA. Posterior tibi:e with the a])ical spine absent from the uppei- outer
margin,
b. Posterior tibi:e more or less flattened toward the apex, the margins
acute,
c. Mesosternal lobes contiguous nearly throughont in a straight line.
(Tegmina acuminate.)
d. Fastigium of the vertex as long or longer than the eyes.
e. Fastigium of the vertex with a single deep groove. Interoc-
ular space of the vertex verv narrow.
LEI»TVS3I.V Stal
ee. Fastigium of the vertex provided wltii four nai-row shallow
grooves. The interocnlar space wider.
LEPTVS31INA (iiglio-Tos.
54:
del. Fastiffium of the vertex shorter than the eves.
ARNlLIAStal.
ec. Mesosternal lobes more or less distant. Prosterual tubercle coni-
cal, somewhat acute,
d. Prosternum with the hind margin rounded. Pronotum cjiin-
drical. when viewed from the side straight above, the meta-
zona not elevated. Frontal costa below the ocellus and late-
ral carintv of face subobsolete. Eves verv oblique, less
prominent. ^ STENOPOLA Stal.
dd. Pronotum with hind margin obtuse-angled.
" PAKACOKXOPS Giglio-Tos.
bb. Posterior tibia^ terete, not laminate, the margins rounded,
c. Posterior tarsi with the first and second joints subequal in length
Fastigium of the vertex horizontal or siibhorizontal, somewhat
prominent. The front strongly oblique. Tegmina as long or
longer than abdomen. Pronotum sub-cvlindrical.
BUCEPHALACKIS Giglio-Tos.
cc. Posterior tarsi with the second joint distinctlv shorter than the
first,
d. Fastigium of the vertex triangular or in front truncate, divided
fi-om the frontal costa by a transverse carina or distinct angle,
e. Upper carina of hind femora smooth,
f. Interspace between mesosternal lobes narrower than the
lobes themselves, distinctly longer than wide. Proster-
nal tubei'cle conical, the apex acute. Mesosternal lobes
in female distiuet. Intel-space of vertex Ijetween eyes
not narrower than widest part of frontal costa.
ALEUAS Stal.
ff. Interspace between mososternal lobes of about equal width
with the lobes themselves, quadrate.
JODACKIS Giglio-Tos.
e. Upper carina of hind femora more or less serrate. Fastigium
of the vertex horizDUtally projecting, acuminate,
f . Pronotum rugose with the hind margin rounded, the median
carina visible throughout. Tegmina and wings some-
what abbreviated. Vertex between the eves moderately
broad. A'iLEKXA Stal.
ff. Pronotum at most coarsely punctate on posterior lobe, the
hind margin angulate and with the median carina oblit-
erated between the transverse sulci. Tegmina and
wings greatly surpassing the abdomen. Vertex between
the eyes very narrow. 0S3IIL10LA Giglio-Tos.
dd. Fastigium of the vertex cletlexed or horizontal, gently fading
into the frontal costa.
e. Mesosternal lobes longer than wide, their internal margin
straight. SCHISTOCEKCA Stal.
ee. Mesosternal lobes transverse or of equal width and length,
their internal margin rounded,
f. Posterior tibia' furnished with eight or sometimes more than
eight spines in the outer row.
g. Tegmina equaling the abdomen in length or abbreviate,
never lobiform or rudimentary, always with the inner
margins overlapping,
h. Head small, not exserted, the hind part narrower than
front edge of pronotum: occiput and vertex on the
same plane with the pronotum.
ATKACHELACKIS Giglio-Tos.
hh. Head larger, distim-tlyexserted, the hiud part as wide
or very little narrower than front edge of pronotiiui.
i. Pronotuni dilated behind. Cerei of male wiili the
apex graceful. DICHHOl'IA'S Stal.
ii. Prouiitinn cvliudrical. Cerei of male broadlj' .spat-
ulate. " SCOTTUSSA Giglio-Tos.
gg. Tegmina lol)iform, lateral, di.stant from one anothei', or
meeting above, but never with the edges overlapping.
h. Prouotum with the po.sterior edge rounded. Head very
large, distinctly wider than the ])Osterior portion of
pronotum. Cerei of male, excej)! of base. stvlifoi-m.
SCOPAS (iiglio-To.s.
hh. Pronotum with the posterior edge truncate or emar-
giuate. Head much smaller, not as wide as hind
border of pro otum. Cerei of male more or less
flattened and curved.
PAKADICHHOPLIS Brunner.
ff. Posterior tibiie generally with less than eight spines, usti-
sually with six to seven, in outer row. Frontal eosla
percurrent. straight, not at all or but little produced be-
tween the antenna'. Tegmina and winsjs fullv devel-
oped. O'SMlLIAStal.
GENUS PRIONOLOPHA, STAL.
P. serrntd (Linii.) This large locust has been taken in
the i^rovinces of Tncuman, Salta, Jujuy and the territory of
the Chaco (Gigiio-Tos).
GENUS TROPIDONOTUS, SERV.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. Crest of the pronotum more or less erenulate or even serrulate i)os-
teriorly. Genicular angles of hind femora acixte. a little lengthened,
b. Tegmina testaceotis. more or less mottled with brown,
e. The markings of tegmina large, forming more or less well-delined
l)ands.
d. Hind femora very long, reaching considerably beyond the tip
of abdomen in" botli sexes. Crest of pronotum deeply cleft
bv all three sulci, the lobes distinctly separated.
diiscoideiis Serv.
dd. Hind femora shorter, only reaching the tip of abdomen (fe-
male) or but little surpassing it (male). Crest of pronotum
less deeply cleft, the lobes closely approximate,
e. General color grayish-brown. Tegmina with the markings
distinct or apical as well as on basal half. Aiit<Min;r dusky.
aiijiulatus Stal.
ee. General color ferruginous ttstaceous. Tegmina with a large
triangular spot on l)asal half, the apical portion almost
without trace of markings. Antenna* dusky only at tip.
Sclmlzi Brniier.
ce. Markings of tegmina small, irregularly scattered over the wing
save for a row in basal half of tliscal area,
il. Pronotum sliort. the crest low. and but little proiluced posteri-
orly. Hind tibi;e with nine spines in outer row.
iiioclestii.'^ (Jiglio-Tos.
56
dd. ProQotum louger, considerably produced posteriorlj'. Hind
tibia? with ten spines in outer row.
conspersiis Brnner.
bb. Tegmiua as well as entire body and legs green, without definite
markings. insiguis Giglio-Tos.
AA. Crest of pronolnm smooth posteriorly. Genicular angles of hind
femora roimded. Green, varied with dark-brown and Ijlack.
laevipe^ Stal.
T. discoideu.'^ Serv. This insect has been reported from
both Jujuy and Buenos Aires (Giglio-Tos). Unfortunately
the writer has never recognized it.
T. (Dif/u/otufi Stal. Tucuman (GigiioT-os).
T. Schulzi n. sp. A rather small ferruginous testaceous
insect with short, rather robust hind femora, not greatly
elongated pronotum, and with a large dusky spot near base
of tegmina. It may be recognized further by its rather
short, light colored antennae, the apex only being somewhat
dusky: also hj its moderately smooth pronotal crest, the
jDOSterior jDortion of which barely shows a trace of crenula-
tion. Hind tibiae with 10 spines in outer row.
Length: of body, 2?^ mm: of pronotum 9.5: of tegmina, 24
mm: of hind femora 17 mm.
Only a single male sjDecimen of this insect from Cordoba
has come under m.j observation. (Collection F. Schulz).
T. iiiodestns Giglio-Tos. Rejjorted from Resistencia,
Chaco (Gigiio-Tos).
T. ronftperftn!^ n. sj:).
An insect in which the general color is dull grayish
brown, and the markings of tegmina rather small and, save
for the row in basal half of discal field, irregularly scattered
over the wing. Pronotum rather narrow, the lateral carinae
continuous, bluntly tuberculate, especially behind: median
carina of moderate height, the posterior portion crenulate.
Antennae dusky throughout. Wings with disk red, the costal
and axillary fields, along with the hind border dusky. Hind
femora .short and robust at base, about reaching the ex-
tremity of abdomen in both sexes, the carinae provided with
57
raised blackish tubercles: the outer face and ui)pei' edge
with indications of dusky bands. Hind tibiae, glauco-
cinereous, with Id sjDines in outer row.
Length: of body, d' 30 mm, + 48 mm: ofj^ronotum, d 10-11
mm, ? 14-15 mm: of tegmina, d' -o-i^s mm, - oomm: of
hind femora, d' 17 mm, '^ !^4 mm.
Specimens have been examined from Cordoba (F. Schulz,
H. StemiDelmann). In stature this insect is very similar to
T. /iisi(/iiis which follows, and there is a bare possibility that
it nvdy prove to be a dusky furm of that species.
T. inf<i(/iiis Giglio-Tos. Santa Rosa, Salta (Giglio-Tos):
Cordoba (F. Schulz).
7\ laenpe-s Stal. This seems to be the most abundant
species of the genus in the Republic, and is found on the
open camp, while all of the other species above referred to
frequent localities more or less grown ujj with woody
plants. Sjjecinjens were taken at Carcarana, Santa Fe (O.
Thomas). -
Fig. 21. — Tropidonotus laevipes Stal.
GENUS ALCAMENES, STAL.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING TlIK SPECIES.
A. Pronotum tectiforni; the anterior ami iniddlc sulci obsolete above:
the posterior lobe longer than anterior. Posterior tibi:e with TJ i;{
spines in outer row. " brovicollis Stal.
AA. Pronotum plain above, the median carina nioileratcly elevated: all
three of the sulci plain al)ove: the i)osterior lobe shorter than an-
terior. Posterior tibia' with 8-10 s])ines in outer row.
olaraziaiius Pict. et Sauss.
A. brevicollis Stal. Corrientes, Argentina (Stal).
.4. clarazlanKs Pict. et Sauss. La Republiciue Argentine
(Pict. et Sauss.).
58
GENUS ELAEOCHLORA, 8TAL.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. Fastigium of the vertex large. Costal and anal margins of tegmina
yellow, bordered internally narrowly with black.
b. Tegmina of male but gently narrowing apicallj' where they are
broadly rounded. Wings hyaline.
('. Pronotum obsoletely earinated; behind (female) obtuse-angled;
male rectangular; tubercles of the sides very small or obsolete.
triliueata Serv.
cc. Pronotum very distinctly earinated: behind (female) right-angled
or even slightly acute-angled, male frequentl,y acute-angled;
lateral tubercles verj' distinct. viridicata Serv.
bl). Tegmina of male narrowing apically where they are somewhat
acute. Wings with the disk rose-color. picticollis Gerst.
AA. Fastigium of the vertex smaller. Costal and anal margins of tegmina
concolorous, grass-green. Pronotum short, the hind edge obtuse-
angled, augustipennis Bruner.
E. trilineata Serv. This insect undoubtedly occurs in
northern Argentina since it has been reported from both
Bolivia and Paraguay.
E. viridicata Serv. Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Carcarana,
etc. (all the collections). At Cordoba a well defined variety
of this insect seems to prefer for its food-plant a species of
Nicotiana.
E. incticoUis Gerst. San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Giglio-Tos).
Elaeochlora angustipeiinis n. sjd.
About the size of E. viridicata but much more slender and
with shorter pronotum. General color light olive green
with the lower edges and short oblique lateral band of white
on pronotum. Fastigium of vertex rather short, but little
narrower than the shortest diameter of eyes, acute angled.
The pronoum with the anterior margin slightly angulate,
posterior margin obtuse angled. Tegmina and wings rather
narrow, surpassing the tip of abdomen. Hind femora
slender, the posterior tibiae green, the apical inner portion
with tarsi red, sjDines on the inner edge large and black:
outer ones light colored, black tipped.
Length: of body (male), 40 mm; of pronotum 8.5 mm: of
tegmina 38 mm: of hind femora 23 mm.
5 'J
A single male specimen collected at Rosario, Santa Fe, by
Anton Kurrio'er.
A.
Fio;. 32. — Elaeocldora viridicata (Serv.)
GENUS RHOMALEA, BURM.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
Wings with l)asal half or more of anterior and axilliarj' fields black.
Pronotum with the lower margins incompletely yellow or red bor-
dered,
b. Posterior tibia' bifaseiate.
c. The colored bands on the hind lioi-der of ))r()notuin continuoiis.
miles Drnry.
cc. The colored bands on hind l)order of pronotum interrupted so
as to form four spots, two dorsal and two lateral.
Stolli Pict. et Sauss.
l)b Posterior tibiiv obsoletely fasciate. niiptialis (ierst.
A A. Wings with basal half of anterior and axilliary liclds colored. Pos-
terior tiljia' uni fasciate. icterus Pict. et Sauss.
60
B. miles Drury, var. a. R.eiDublique x\rgentine (Pict. et
Sauss.).
Fig. 23. — Elaeochlora viridicata (Serv. ) — male.
Fig. 24. — Rhovialea Stolli Burm — female.
B. StoIUBurm. Salta, Jujuy, Resistencia,Chaco, and Buenos
Aires (Giglio-Tos): Rosario (H. Stempelmann) ; Cordoba
(F. Schulz).
This highly colored insect is very common wherever it
occurs, and exhibits a tendency to congregate upon certain
plants in such numbers as to completely cover them. The
black saltonas with their bright markings of rose color and
white render them very consjjicuous objects. Notwithstand-
ing this they seem to be let alone by most insectivorous birds,
B. nuptiaUs Gerst. San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Giglio-Tos).
B. icterus Pict. et Sauss. Republique Argentine (Pict. et
Sauss.).
b.
bb.
AA.
Fig. 25. — Rhomalea Sto li nymph.
GENUS ZONIOPODA, STAL.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
Body gi-eeuish olivaceous: the tegmina of same coloi-, uniform; the
wiugs basally and on disk light l)lue.
The femora and tibia^ all banded with black. tarsata Serv.
Femora and tibiie not banded, the latter all red.
juiicoi'Uin Berg.
Body varied with black. Pronotum vittate. Tegmina with inter-
spaces between principal longitudinal veins fuscous.
oniulcolor Blanch.
61
Z. tarmia Serv. This iiifsuct is very common throughout
central and northern Arg-entina where it occurs for the most
part on low ground or in the vicinity of water where
vegetation is rank. It has sometimes been reported in suffi-
cient numbers to cause noticeable injury to vegetation. (All
of the collections).
Fitr. 26.~Zoniopod(i taisuta Serv.— male
Fi^. 27. — Zoniopoda ouniicolor Serv. — female
Z. jiniconiin Berg. This insect has been reported only
from swampy localities where it occurs sparingly upon
rushes growing in the water. Specimens have been
recorded from San Lorenzo, Jujuy, and Resistencia, Chaco
(Giglio-Tos) ; Buenos Aires (Dr. Berg).
Z. > onniicn/or Blanch. Found moderately abundant at
Cordoba. This insect was described and figured by Blancluird
in Voyage dans I'Amer. merid., Vol. VI, pt. 2, Ins. j). (l'K))
PI. XXVII, tig. 8, and aj^pears to be the same one described
by Stal (Recens. Orth., I, l^s?;], p. ~)'2) as Z. eiii(ir<jiii(i1<i.
Note. Bolivar described an insect under the nauie of
Zoniopoihi pivta (Viaje al Pacif., Orth., 1884, p. 37) that later
seems to have been placed in the genus Dipont/iu.s and given
the sjjecitic name pnclcIniH (Pictet et Saussure, Cat. d' Acrid.,
in Bull. Soc. ent. Suisse, VII, p. o?.')).
62
GENUS CLARAZELLA, PICT. ET SAUSS.
G. iMtagona Pict. et Sauss. This insect has been reported
from Bahia Blanca, near the boundary of Patagonia (Pictet
et Saussure).
GENUS TROPIDACRIS, SCUDD.
T. cristata (Linn.) The "Langosta Negra" of Argentina
occurs throughout the various provinces bordering the
Andes mountains, where it sometimes joins the manga s of
Hclmtocerca 'paranensis as these drift over the country. This
insect does not, however, become sufficiently numerous to
commit depredations in cultivated fields. It has been
reported from San Louis, Rioja, Cordoba, Catamarca,
Tucuman, Salta and Jujuy.
GENUS DIPONTHUS, STAL.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. Tubercle of the prosternnm with the apex acuminate, retro-arcuate,
b. Grass-green. The tegmina immaculate: wings greenish-hyaline.
Pronotum with the posterior lobe one-halt' longer than the ante-
x-ior. Posterior tibia^ green, not dotted with black.
electiis Serv.
bb. Black besprinkled with yellow. Tegmina fuscous varied with
yellow, wings dilute rose color. Pronotum with the posterior
lobe not one-half longer than anterior. Posterior tibi:v dotted
with black, the base and apex also black.
claraziaiius Pict. et Sauss.
A A. Tubercle of prosternum straight, not retro-arcuate.
b. Tegmina olivaceous or black and yellow, very densely punctate,
c. Body and legs not black spotted.
d. Apex of wings clouded, the veins fuscous. Base of ventral
segments black,
e. Larger. Posterior lobe of pronotum entirely greenish testa-
ceous, arg'eiitiiius Pict. et Sauss.
ee. Smaller. Posterior lobe of pronotum black except hind
border. Knees of hind legs, head and pronotum varietl
with i-ed. Scliulzi Bruner.
dd. Apex of wings hyaline, the veius greenish. Base of ventral
segments not black. perniistus Serv.
cc. Body and legs decidedly spotted with black,
d. General color greenish, varitd with yellow and lilack.
comiuuiiis Bruner.
dd. General color dull grayish-brown or dark olive, varied witli
red and black. " pyciio.stictiis Pict. et Sauss.
bb. Tegmina fuscous and yellow-marbled.
c. Larger. Pronotum with posterior lobe one-half longer than the
anterior, rounded behind. Body and legs spotted with black.
iiigTO-coiisper.sus Stal.
63
cc. Smaller. Pronotum with posterior lobe less than half as long
again as the anterior, obtuse-angled. Head, ])ronotum. alxlo-
men below, and apex of hind femora with Itase of tibia?
marked with red. puelchus Pict. et Sauss.
D. elect ns Serv. Patagonia (Pict. et Sauss.).
D. (iaruzlanuH Pict. et Sauss. Bahia Blanca, Entre Rios
(Pict. et Sauss.)
1). (nr/e)iti)(ns Pict. et Sauss. Buenos Aires (Pict. et
Sauss.): Carcarana (O. Thomas).
I>ij)(»ifhi(s ScJtnlzl n. sj).
A very beautiful insect belonging to the same grouj) with
the i^receding but considerably smaller and more varied with
light and dark markings. The frontal costa, median line on
fastigium and occiput continuous with the line on jjronotum.
The cheeks, back and below the eyes, an oblique line on the
sides of pronotum commencing at about the middle and
directed upwards and backwards, also lower edge of each
side brig?it greenish yellow. There is also a similarly
colored line on both the meso- and metapleurae, other por-
tions of the head, pronotum, and meso- and metathorax black.
Tibiae black in some specimens ; the lower part of face, edges
of occiput and ends of hind femora, with back edge of pro-
notum bright red. Antennae black, basally the joints
annulated with light yellowish. Hind femora with a basal
spot outside and inside, and two very heavy black bands on
outer, upper, and inner faces ; sometimes continued more or
less strongly on the lower edge also ; knees also black both
internally and externally ; posterior tibiae w^ith the tips and
under side of base black ; anterior and middle femora, along
with tibiae, more or less black. Abdomen yellow with rather
heavily marked basal bands of black; above varied with
black and yellow streaks.
Length: of body, c? 25-26 mm. V 30 mm: of lu'onotum, -f'
4.25 mm, 9 6 mm; of tegmina, cf' 20 mm, '? 2!^ www. hind
femora, (^"12 mm, ? 16 mm.
This beautiful species was contained in the collections of
F. Schulz and H. Stempelmann.
64
It occurs, so far as I am at j^resent aware, only in the
vicinity of Cordoba, where it is fairly abundant.
D. peruiistuii Serv. Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires (Pict. et
Sauss, ); Carcarana (Bruner, O. Thomas).
DipontJiJis coiiniiKn/s n. sp.
Very similar in size and form to D. pijcnoKtictus and D.
arf/entiiius, but differing from those two insects in being of
a bright olive green color instead of testaceous or red ; and
with the prothorax, sides of body, and hind tibiae together
with femora, less mottled with black than in those sj^ecies.
Tegmina with the general color varying from dark olive green
to black, mottled by lighter markings. Antennae either
unicolorous or light with the apex of joints dark, giving
these appendages an annulated appearance. Wings with the
base and disk red, the apex greenish, in some specimens
infuscated, the veins darker. Anterior and middle femora
more or less speckled with black; the tibiae in some speci-
mens black, in others greenish ; posterior femora with two
more or less complete dusky bands on outer, upper, and
inner faces ; the knees both inside and out black ; extremity
of posterior tibiae black : spines black tijjped. Abdominal
segments with indications on venter of transverse black
bands on basal portion, other parts of venter more or less
closely si^eckled with black.
Fig. 28. — Dijiontlnis comvmnis Bruner.
Length: of body, c? 18 mm, ? 36 mm; of pronotum, d^
5 mm, 9 7.5 mm; of tegmina, d 22 mm, ? 30 mm; of hind
femora, cJ 12 mm, + 17 mm.
On camp in provinces of Cardoba, Santa Fe, and Buenos
Ayres. (Collection of O. Thomas).
65
This, next to the i^receding, appears to be the eoiiiinonest
species of I)ii)(»it/n(M upon the pami^as. It seems to be partial
to a small, thorny Solanum as a food-plant.
B. /){/cnosf ictus Pict. et Saiiss. Entre Rios {Pict. et Saiiss.);
Province of Sanat Fe (Bruner).
I). }ihji-o-co)is[)ersas Stal. La Republique Argentine (Pict.
et Sauss.)
D. puelclins Pict. et Sauss. Cordoba (P. Schulz, H.
Stempelmann. ) This insect seems to be the same as that
decribed by Ignacio Bolivar as Zoniopoda pict a (Artrop. del
Viaje al Pacitico, p. 37, 1SS4). Should this prove true
Bolivar's name would have priority.
GENUS LEPTYSMA, STAL.
L. Jiiiforiiils {Sew.) This insect occurs at San Lorenzo,
Jujuy, and Resistencia, Chaco (Giglio-Tos).
GENUS LEPTYSMINA, GIGLIO-TOS.
TABLE FOR SEPAKATlNc; THE SPECTES.
A. Tnbei'cle of the prosteniuin eoiiipressecl from tlic sides, the apex
dilated and rounded. I>alli<ia Giyjiio-Tos.
AA. Tubercle of the prosternum with the apex not tlilattid.
rosea Giylio-Tos.
L. iKilllda Giglio-Tos. Resistencia. Chaco (Giglio-Tos).
L. rosea Giglio-Tos. Buenos Aires (Giglio-Tos) : Carcar-
ana, and Rosario, Prov. Santa Pe (O. Thomas).
Hg. 29. — Leptysinina rosea (jiiglio-Tos.
GENUS ARNILIA, STAL.
TABLE FOH SEPAKATlNc; THE SPECIES.
A. Larger. The front more or less rugose. <'.vlin<Ir<»<l<"s Stal.
AA. Smaller. The front smooth. .nr.ioili.s (iiglio-Tos.
66
A. cyUndrodes Stal. Resistencia, Chaco (Giglio-Tos).
A. Gracilis Giglio-Tos,
GENUS STENOPOLA, STAL.
St. puncticeps Stal. San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Giglio-Tos);
Resistencia, Chaco, (Bruner).
GENUS PARACORNOPS, GIGLIO-TOS.
P. longipeiinis (DeGeer). Among water plants, Resistencia,
Chaco; also Territory of Formosa across the river from
Asmicion, Paraguay (Bruner).
GENUS BUCEPHALACRIS, GIGLIO-TOS.
B. Borellii Gilgio-Tos. Formosa, just across the river from
Asuncion (Bruner).
Fig. 30. — Aleuas lineatus Stal. — female.
GENUS ALEUAS, STAL.
A. lineatus Stal. Quite abundant among Juncus, Carcarana,
Rosario, etc,. Province Santa Fe. (O. Thomas, H.
Stempelmann).
GENUS JODACRIS, GIGLIO-TOS.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. Body cyliudrical, sides of pronotiim provided with a well-deiined
dusky band. Sexes equal in size. Cerci of male very long, slen-
der, and with the outer branch more or less curved. Hind tibias
with seven spines in outer row ferrug-inea Giglio-Tos.
AA. Body more or less compressed, sides of pronotum with but poorly-
defined dusky bands. Sexes very unequal in size. Cerci of male
not unusually long, straight, the branches nearly equal in length.
Hind tibite with eight spines in outer row.
b. Wings with base bottle-green. nebulosa Bruner.
bb. Wings caerulean. caeruleipeiiuis Bruner.
J. ferrnginosa. Giglio-Tos. Found on rotten logs near Ft.
Pilcomayo, across from Asuncion, also at San Bernardino,
Paraguay in similar localities (Bruner).
67
Although by the use of the table for separating the genera
of the sub-family Acridiinae found in Argentina the two
following species will fall in the genus Jodacris, they differ
considerably from the insect upon which the table was
chiefly based ; and, perhaps, form a new genus which would
be separated from the preceding in having the body some-
wiiat slenderer, the pronotum more expanded posteriorily,
the head proportionately smaller, H intead of 7 spines in
outer row of hind tibiae, and the abdomen compressed rather
than cylindrical as indicated for the genus in which they are
placed. In looking over the description of the genus Jodacris
as given by Giglio-Tos, it appears evident that he had before
him a male of the insect mentioned as J. fernu/hiea, and a
female of the one named here J. (V) nehulom, hence the
agreement of the generic description of Jodocris with the
present insects.
Jodacris (?) itcbulosa n. sp.
General color dull ferrugineo-fuscous, with the face, lower
and ujDper edges of sides of pronotum, together with an
oblique line on meso- and metapleurae somewhat lighter;
tegmina obscurely mottled with dark brown or dull black.
The hind femora marked with two dusky bands across the
upper edge and extending to the inner face; the lower
external edge also black. Posterior wings clouded apically,
bright bottle green basally. Sides of pronotum a little above
the middle with a more or less well marked oblique dusky
band which is continuous with that back of the eyes and
below the light colored oblique band of meso-and metapleurae.
Posterior tibiae obscure grayish blue, more or less mottled
with black, paler basally. Pronotum expanding posteriorly,
the three transverse sulci profound ; median carina present
on front edge of anterior and on posterior lobes ; the anterior
edge gently emarginate, and posterior edge broadly angulate.
Upper valves of female ovipositor moderately long, acuminte,
the edges crenulate before the apex. Circi of male compress-
ed, rather broad basally. beyond slender, quite long, gently
curved inwai'd, the apex forked, tlu^ inner prong slightly the
68
longer. Supra-anal plate elongate triangular, the apex
slightly upturned ; last ventral segment sharply acuminate.
Length: of body, d 14 mm, ? 20 mm; of pronotum, d'
3.25 mm, ? 4.5 mm; of tegmina, d 15 mm, ? 19 mm; of hind
femora, d 9 mm, ? 12 mm.
Specimens of this insect were taken both at Asuncion,
Paraguay and in the province of Tucuman, Argentina,
where it was not uncommon in the open woods ujDon low
bushes and among the leaves beneath tliB larger trees.
Jodacris [/') vaerulelpennls n. sp.
Very similar in general appearance to J. nehu/osa but
differing from it in being somewhat slenderer and in having
the base of wings blue intead of bottle green, the sides of
pronotum unicolorous instead of banded, and the male circi
shorter, more robust, and the outer tooth the larger. The
tegmina are also less plainly mottled than in the preceding-
species, while the hind femora are without the black lower
edge and have but faint indications of dusky bands above.
Posterior tibiae greenish gray, but little infuscated apically.
Size about the same as the jDreceding only somewhat more
slender.
This insect w^as taken in company with the jDreceding at
Asuncion, Paraguay, and across the river in the territory
of Formosa.
GENUS VILERNA, STAL.
" V. rugulosa Stal. This insect seems to be widely distributed
over all northern Argentina where it occurs abundantly
among the different kinds of yuccas and their allies. A
favorite retreat of its seems to be between the bases of these
spined leaves and the stem to which they are attached.
(Giglio-Tos, Bruner).
GENUS OSMILIOLA, GIGLIO-TOS.
O. cmrita Giglio-Tos. San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Giglio-Tos).
69
GENUS SCHISTOCERCA, STAL.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. Antenna? of male nearly or quite one-half longer than head and pro-
notnui together. The latter angulate l)ehlnd. Lower edge of
sides of pronotum and costal edge of tegniina light yellow-testa-
ceous. " tlavotiijsciata DeGeer.
AA. Antenna' of male about one-fourth longer than the head and pro-
notum together. The latter more or Jess distinctly rounded be-
hind,
b. Anterior lobe of pronotum nari'ower than the head exclusive of
the eyes, the posterior lobe abruptly expanded.
paraiiensis Buna.
bb. Anterior lobe of pronotum not narrower than the head exclusive
of the eyes, the posterior lobe gradually' and regularly expand-
ing behind,
c. Markings on apical half of tegmina composed of longitudinal
streaks l)y the more or less interrupted infuscation of the lon-
gitudinal veins. pallens Thunl).
cc. Markings on apical half of tegmina composed of fuscous spots
arranged in ol>liquely transverse series. cancellata Serv.
Fig. 31. — ScJiistocerca paranensis — a dwarfed female specimen.
S. florofitschifd DeGeer. Throughout the valley of the Rio
Parana, but nowhere numerous.
*S'. jjaroiiensis Burm. The destructive locust of the countr\^
and represented in all the collections.
S. pdlleus Thunb. Several specimens of this more northern
locust were observed along- the upper Parana between Cor-
rientes and Formosa.
S. vam-ellafa Serv. Buenos Air(>s, Rosario, Santa Fe,
Carcarana, etc. Quite a number of sp(>cimens of this species
were examined during the writer's sojourn in the country. As
will be seen by an examination of the accompanying illustra-
tions, there is quite a resemblance in the general a])pearance
of this and the p(ir(nie)isis imagos; but the saltonas are C[uite
different. The viotcelldid som'^tiuies accompanies the
70
parajiensis in its flights. It is more at home on the west
coast than east of the Andes.
Hg. SI. — Sehif>t'>cei ca paranensis Bunii.
Fig. 33. — Schistocerca cancellata Serv.
GENUS ATRACHELACRTS, GIGLIO-TOS.
A. unlcolor Gigho-Tos. A very common insect on the open
camp from Buenos Aires northward to Paraguay where it
has been known to increase to such an extent as to become a
pest. Specimens were contained in all the collections
examined. Cordoba (P. Schulz, H. Stempelmann ) ; Carcarana,
(O. Thomas).
71
The accompanying- illustration will give the reader an idea
of its general appearance. As its name implies it is of a
uniform grass-green color.
Fig. 34. — Atrachelacriii unicolor (iiylio-Tos. — female.
Fig. 3"i. — A. tniicolor. lualc, and ti]) of ahdomeii.
GENUS DICHROPLUS, STAL.
The insects which comprise this extensive genus are very
closely related to one another in their general appearance,
and the few forms that have thus far been noted by
entomologists have been so briefly described that it is a little
doubtful as to their identity. This is especially true when
the student is limited in the material that is accessible for
study. However this may be, the writer, after considerable
study, has separated them into IB species for Aregntina.
Several of these occur in large numbers upon portions of the
pampa region, and sometimes cause much injury to the
grasses. They go by the general name of "tucuras, " which
w^ord I jDresume simply means "grasshoppers."
TABLE FOR SEPAKATIN'i THE SPECIES.
A. Female with the valves of the ovipositor emargiintely truiicato. In-
terval between the mesosternal lobes considerably longer tlian
witle. Male eerci moderately long, compressed back of middle,
beyond gently bowed,
b Prosternal tubercle large, transverse. Lower edge and inner face
of hind femora blood-red. General color dull brown.
ob.sfuru Hrnncr.
bl). Prosternal tubercle not large, conical. Lower t-dge and inner
face of hind femora yellowish,
c. Smaller. General color olivaceous-yellow. Upper valves of
ovipositor much longer than the lower ones. clieiis Stal.
cc. Larger. General color brownish-yellow. Upper valves of ovi
1 ( ; or but little longer than lower ones.
leiuniscatus Slab
72
AA Female with the valves of the ovipositor entire at apex, acuminate
or snbaenminate. Interval between the mesosternal lobes usu-
ally. Imt not always, as broad or a little broader than long.
b. Hind tibia' with nine spines in outer row. Tegmina and wings
usually reaching or surpassing the tip of abdomen,
c. Interval between the mesosternal lobes a little longer than wide.
Upper edge of sides of pronotum generally dusky throughout,
but sometimes only to the posterior sulcus,
d. Tegmina not surpassing the tip of hind femora,
e. Frontal costa suleate.
f. Posterior coxa^ marked externally with a dark line.
g. Disk of tegmina dark veined. fuscil.s Thunb.
gg. Disk of tegmina not dark veined. Lower sulcus and
inner face of hind femora red. cinereii.s Bruner.
ff. Posterior coxa^ not marked e.Kternally with a dark line.
Tegmina sordid yellow, unieolorous.
bicoloi' Giglio-Tos.
ee. Frontal costa not suleate. Dorsal edge of tegmina ])ale-
veined. patruelis Stal.
d'l. Tegmina surpassing the tip of hind femora.
e. Male cerci rather heavj' and straight. Lower sulcus of hind
femora yellowish. " praten.si.s Bruner.
ee. Male cerci slender, incurved laeyond the middle. Lower
sulcus of hind femora orange-red.
f. Smaller, very slender; the sides of pronotum jDarallel.
Dusky band on side of pronotum extending to meta-
pleur'a. exilis Giglio-Tos.
ff. Larger, less graceful: the sides of pronotum diverging pos-
teriorly. Dusky band on side of pronotum continued
upon tegmina to the apex. eloiig-a lis Giglio-Tos.
cc. Interval between mesosternal lobes ful,ly as wide or wider than
long. The dusky band on sides of pronotum more or less in-
terrupted.
d. Posterior lobe of pronotum somewhat ascending posteriori}', a
little longer than the anterior lol:)e. arrog-ans Stal.
(h\. Posterior lobe of pronotum not ascending posteriorly, about
equaling or a tritie shorter than the anterior lobe.
e. Posterior coxa' fuscous or black spotted. Last ventral seg-
ment of male abdomen with the lateral margins black,
f. Smaller. Himl tibia- red. punctulatus Thunb.
ff. Larger. Hind tibia' greenish-testaceous.
coii.spersii.s Bruner.
ee. Posterior coxa unspotted. Last ventral segment of male ab-
domen with the margins never black,
f. Dull olivaceous-yellow. Tegmina about reaching tip of
hind femora, unieolorous: the latter with inner face and
lower sulcus bright carmine, hind tibia olivaceous.
Bergii Stal.
ff. Yellowish varied above with brown. Tegmina about one-
half as long as abdomen, brown, with a discal row of
black dots and latero dorsal yellow lines continous with
those on margins of disk of pronotum. Posterior femora
internally on basal half carmine, lower sulcus yellow;
hind tibia glaucous-green. vittatii.s Bruner.
bb. Hind tibia' with eight spines in outer I'ow. Tegmina and wings
abbreviated, about as long as ihe head and pronotum combined.
Olivaceous-green. Postei'ior tibia> glaucous. aiiioenus Stal.
73
Dicliropli!^ ohsci/riis n. sp.
A moderately large and robust species, with the valves of
the ovipositor of female emarginately truncate at apex and
the interspace between the mesosternal lobes longer than
wide. Lower sulcus of hind femora bright blood-red; hind
tibiae purplish, somewhat infu seated near the base.
General color dull brown ; tegmina mottled with rather large
black dots throughout discal field ; venter yellow. Frontal
costa wide with the margins blunt, sulcate in vicinity of
ocellus : pronotum with the median carina heavy, conspicuous
throughout; sides but gently divergent posteriorly, the last
transverse sulcus about the middle. Tegmina rather narrow,
reaching a trifle beyond the tip of hind femora but not quite
to tip of abdomen. Posterior femora heavy at base, not
reaching apex of abdomen. Prosternal sj^ine robust, long,
and directed posteriorly so as to touch the front edge of
mesosternum beyond the point of which it extends a trifle.
Length f of body, female, 33 mm, of pronotum 7 mm, of
tegmina '2'2 mm, of hind femora IH mm.
A single specimen collected during the month of January
on the open camp near Carcarana (A. Kurriger).
v. c/ieiis Stal. This insect has not been recognized among
the various formes studied, but is included here because of its
recorded Uruguayan habitat. Monte Video, Uruguay (Stal).
I). lenniixcdfiis Stal. Not recognized by the writer, but
reported as coming from Buenos Aires (Stal).
/>. jHiffiK'/is Stal. Buenos Aires (Stal): Resistencia, Cliaco
(Giglio-Tos).
1'. bico/or Giglio-Tos. San Lorenza, Juju.y (Giglio-Tos).
/.'. fu-scKs Thunb. Specimens from the Province of Santa
Fe are referred to this species (O. Thomas).
I>icli i'(>iihis cine reus n. sp.
General color dull cinereous vai'ied with brown and
testaceous. Head in femah^ rather large, in male small: eyes
quite large and protruding; fastigium of the vertex of male
narrower than the diameter of second joint of antenna, in
74
the female about half again as broad; frontal costa of equal
width throughout, sulcate in male from fastigium to clypeus,
in female from ocellus downward. Pronotum, (male) with
the sides nearly parallel, (female) somewhat expanding
posteriorly, with a rather well defined broad brown band
running from back edge of eyes along upper lateral edges of
pronotum to base of tegmina, below this the sides are
yellowish white. The transv^erse sulci quite plain, the pos-
terior one a little back of middle; hind edge angulate.
Tegmina and wings not quite reaching tip of abdomen in both
sexes. General color of former light gray with inf uscation at
base. Tegmina rather narrow toward the apex. Poterior
femora with indication of two oblique dusky bands on outer
face and upper edge, inner side, and also lower sulcus more
or less tinged with bright orange red ; knees inside and out
dusky, with the lower edges blue ; posterior tibiae with ex-
ception of a rather broad pale annulus near base blue ; base
of wings yellowish, the apex dusky, the upper face black or
dark brown.
Length : of body, d 17 mm, ? 26 mm ; of pronotum, d^ 3.5
mm, 9 5.75 mm; of tegmina, cf 10.5 mm, ? 16 mm; of hind
femora, (^ 10 mm, 9 14 mm.
This insect occurs on the slopes west of the city of Mendoza,
where it was found in small numbers upon a leafless, rather
tall composite growing in the dry sandy bed of a creek.
DichropluH pratejisis n. si3.
General color flavo-tetaceous varied with brown and black ;
pronotum with light bands at edges of disk ; hind tibiae
bluish-gray ; lower sulcus and inner face of posterior femora
varying from yellow to dull orange. Interval between
mesosternal lobes a little longer than wide. Tegmina a trifle
surpassing tip of hind femora. Pronotum with sides gently
diverging posteriorly ; the median carina of equal prominence
throughout, cut near the middle by last transverse sulcus.
The sides of head, back of eyes and pronotum to the last
transverse incision dusky, in some specimens back of this con-
75
tinued as a ferruginous patch to hind edge of pronotum.
Tegmina with the dorsal edges light veined, a few dusky
spots above ; the disk more or less mottled with black, as
is also the costal field, though to a much less degree. Pos-
terior femora very heavy, with a basal, middle, and preapical
dusky i^atch above; knees black both inside and outside.
Cerci of male rather heavy, straight, and somew^hat spatulate
apically. Last ventral segment of male abdomen obtusely
conical. Prosternal spine hort, conical, obtuse.
Length : of body, d^ 23-26 mm, ? 28 mm ; of pronotum,
c? 5 mm, 9 6 mm; of tegmina, c? 1^^ mm, 9 18-22 mm; of
hind femora, 13 S" mm, 9 14-16 mm.
This insect is quite robust and reminds one not a little of
the common North American Jle/otoiihis hirittofKs in its gen-
eral ajDjDearance. It occurs quite abundantly on the open
camp in the provinces of Santa Pe and Buenos Aires where
vegetation is rank. It has been reported as sometimes doing-
considerable damage to the grasses. (Collections of O.
Thomas and A. Kurriger).
Fig. 8(5. — Diclbioijiaaarrogans, male,
aud tip of abdomen.
Fig. 37. — Dichroplus pratensis^
male, and tip of abdomen.
D. exi/is Giglio-Tos. San Lorenzo, Jujuy, Resistencia,
Chaco (Giglio-Tos).
D. elonr/atiffi Giglio-Tos. Province of Tucuman (Giglio-
Tos) ; Cordoba (P. Schulz, H. Stempelmann) ; Carcarana,
Santa Fe (O. Thomas) ; Rosario (A. Kurriger). This insect
is one of the most abundant and widely dispersed species of
the genus in middle Argentina.
70
D. arrogant St&l. Buenos Aires, Monte Video (C. Stal);
LaColina, Buenos Aires and Bahia Blanca (Bruner).
This insect was reported as a common destructive species
in portions of the provinces of Buenos Aires and Bahia
Blanca; and possibly also from Rio Negro and Pampa
Central where rather small "tucuras" frequently destroy
the "camp."
I). puHctulatui^ Thunb. This seems to be the smallest,
most variable and at the same time most widely distributed
species of the genus. Specimens were examined from all
parts of the Republic north of the Rio Negro of Patagonia.
Fig m. — Dichropln^ I Fig. AO.—Dichrop In s
honqatus. male, and tip Fig. 3!).-Z>. j^i^^'C- p >' nctulatus, mala,
of abdomen. tulatns. tVmale. and tip of abdomen.
Fig. il.—Dichroplus coaspersus, female. Fig. 42.— D. arroga7is, female
Dichroplus conspersus n. sp.
A moderately small but very robust species, of a duskv
color, in which the hind tibiae are greenish yellow, the lower
sulci and inner basal half of posterior femora bright red,
and the interspace between the mesoternal lobes a little
wider than long.
Head small ; pronotum greatly expanding posteriorly, the
median carina obliterated on middle lobes, moderately plain
on anterior and posterior lobes, severed by all three trans-
verse sulci, the last a little in advance of the middle ; the
posterior lobe a little the longest, right-angled in male, a
77
little obtuse in female. Tegmina extending a triHe beyond
the ti]) of hind femora in both sexes ; the latter very heavy
at base. Prosternal spine short, a little transverse, the
apex blinit. Pronotam above with a large triangular black
spot immediately back of last transverse sulcus. In soma
specimens the portion back of this light brown or ferrugin-
ous, and in still others dirty white. Occasionally this white
band etxends also upon the back edge of the lateral sides of
7Dronotum so as to give the insect the appearance of having
a light collar or light colored band immediately in front of
base of wings. Tegmina irregularly mottled throughout
with dusky dots. Hind femora marked above with three
dusky bands: the knees also somewhat dusky: several of
the abdomional segments with their sides more or less black :
last ventral segment of ' the male with the edges dusky.
Cerci moderately slender, elongate, and bowed inward on
aT^ical half.
Length: of body, d' K) mm, ? 20-23 mm: of pronotum,
cJ' 8.75 mm, ? 5-5.5 mm; of tegmina, d 18 mm, ? 15-17
mm : of hind femora, c? 10 mm, ? 12 mm.
A common insect on the dryer portions of the camp in
southern Santa Fe and eastern Cordoba, where it occurs
during the latter part of winter and earlv spring. (O.
Thomas, A. Kurriger).
I). Beir/ii Stal. Resistencia, Chaco (Giglio-Tos) : Corrientes,
Buenos "Aires and Parana (C. Stal); Cordoba (F. Schulz,
H, Stempelmann) ; Carcarana and Rosario de Santa Fe (O.
Thomas, A. Kurriger).
Bichrop/Ks rlftctus n. sp.
! General color bright greenish yellow : the occiput, lateral
edges of i^ronotum in advance of postreior transverse sulcus,
along with dorsal edges and discal field of tegmina brown :
the three basal segments of abdomen at sides, and knees of
hind femora both internally and etxernally, black: pos-
terior tibiae deep greenish blue; hind femora with the
lower sulcus yellow, the inner face near basal half l)right
78
red, this latter color shining through to the outside, beyond
which the femora are more or less olivaceous, their upper
edges marked with two dusky patches towards the apex.
Head moderately prominent, especially in the male; eyes
bulging; pronotum but little (male) or considerably (female)
expanding posteriorly. Tegmina of male about one-half as
long as abdomen, of female a little longer, acuminate ; the
dorsal angles, toge.ther with the dorsal edges of pronotum
and a light streak running backward from uj^per posterior
edge of eyes forms a continuous line of light color to tip of
tegmina on each side. The metapleurae are furnished with
oblique yellow lines extending from back edge of pronotum
to base of hind femora. Cerci of male on basal half rather
heavy, apical half slender, bowed inward. Space between
metasternal lobes as broad as long.
Length: of body, c? 15-18 mm, ? 25 mm; of pronotum, d^
4-4,5 mm, ? 6 'mm; of tegmina, cf 6.5-7 mm, 9 11 mm,
(sometimes complete, when they are 20 mm); of hind femora,
d" 8.5-11 mm, ? 18-14 mm.
Fig. 43. — DichropJus vittatus.
female.
Fig. 44. — Dichroplus vittatus, male
aud tip of abdomen.
This insect occurs in moderate numbers in the provinces
of Santa Fe, Cordoba, San Louis, and Mendosa, usually
frequenting the edges of groves where it feeds upon the more
succulent vegetation. An occasional female specimen is to
be found in which the wings are fully developed. (Collect-
ions of F. Schulz, H. Stempelmann, and O. Thomas).
D. aiiioenas Stal. Cordoba (F. Schulz).
79
GENUS SCOTUSSA, GIGLIO-TOS.
S. iiniiKdica Giglio-Tos. Resistencia, Cliaco (Giglio-Tos) ;
Rosario, Santa Fe (H. Stempelmann) ; Carcarana, Santa Fe
(O. Thomas).
GENUS SCOPAS, GIGLIO-TOS.
S. obesus Giglio-Tos. Although no definite record exists, so
far as the writer knows, of this insect having been collected
in Argentina, there is but little doubt that it occurs in the
territories of Formosa and Chaco.
Fig. 45. — Pdradieliroplus Brunneri, Fig. 4(5. — P. Brunneri, male, aud
female. tip of abdomen.
GENUS PAKADIOHROPLUS, BRUNNER.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPP:CrES.
A. Hind tibiae provided wlth^nine spines in outer row.
b. General color yellowish, the dorsum of pronotuni and al)domen
dusky. Head black. bilobiis Giglio-Tos.
bb. General color greenish-olivaceous, the dorsum of ])ronotum and
abdomen lights Head concolorous. 15ruuiiori Giglio-Tos.
AA. Hind tibiti? pi'ovided with eight spines in outer row.
b. Moderately robust, the head large. General coloi- ferruginous, ir-
regularly and obsoleteljf variegated with greenish-fuscous.
l>il)Uiu*tatus (iiglio-Tos.
1)1). More slender, fusiform, the head not large. ( icucral color Itrown-
ish-olivaceous. I'li.silbrmis Giglio-Tos.
P. bi/<>l)i(s Giglio-Tos. San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Giglio-Tos).
P. Briomeri G\9:Uo-Tos. Cordoba (F. Scliulz) ; Carcarana
(O. Thomas) ; Resistencia, Chaco (Giglio-Tos).
P. bi[>t(iict((tns Giglio-Tos. San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Giglio-
Tos).
P.I fiisifonn/s Giglio-Tos. San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Giglio-
Tos.)'.
80
GENUS OSMILIA, STAL.
TABLE FOR SEPARATING THE SPECIES.
A. Largei". Base of wings light-blnish. violacea Tbimb.
AA. Smaller. Base of wings sordid yellowish-hyaline.
obliqua Thunb.
0. violacea (Thunb.) San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Giglio-To.s) ;
Chaco, Tucuman (Bruner).
0. obliqua Thunb.) San Lorenzo, Jujuy (Gigiio-Tos).
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UBRABIES
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