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THE ANNALS 


AND 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 


INCLUDING 


ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY. 


(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND 
CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY’) 


CONDUCTED BY 


WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., 
ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A., Se.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S., 


AND 


RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S. 


eee 


VOL. IV.—NINTH SERIES. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. 


SOLD BY BAILLIERE, PARIS: AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN, 


1919, 


«Omnes res creatz sunt divine sapientiz et potentiz testes, divitie felicitatis 
humane :—ex harum usn,Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapzentia Domini: 
"ex ceconomia in conservatione, proportione, renoyatione, potentia majestatis 
elucet. Earum itaque_indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper xstimata; 
& veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper 
inimica fuit.?—Linymus. 


**Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour 
voir qu’elle est le chef-@’euvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- 
tent toutes ses opérations,”’—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 
1767. 


sills «se» ee » s Lhe sylvan powers 
Obey our summons; from their deepest dells 
The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild 
And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs 
That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme 
And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, 
But scatter round ten thousand forms minute 
Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock 
Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too 
Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face 
They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush 
That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, 
Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, 
The burnmg sands of Borneo and Cayenne, 
All, all to us unlock their secret stores 
And pay their cheerful tribute. 
J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818. 


gra ALERE & FLAMMAM. 


CONTENTS OF VOL, IV. 


[NINTH SERIES. } 


NUMBER 19. 
Page 


I. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—iil. By H. E. ANpRewss.... 1 


II. The Myth of the Ship-holder: a Postscript. By E. W. 
GupcGer, American Museum of Natural History, New York City.. 17 


III. Systematic Notes on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. By 


Reese EE a ERO Wey CE1ALO T,\ 2 5 5 sfeis vies! vais vets doe nie eb vs a2 0 21 
IV. On a small Collection of Mammals from Lumbo, Mozam- 
bigness iy OEDFINED [THOMAS qo 5schecsncc sec ecceseecesseaes 29 
V. A List of the Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone. By G. A. 
ASTIN Dir oS Ee 7 en 34 
VI. Notes on the Jchnewmonide in the British Museum.—l1. 
By owiesnin HE PORNER, BIZ... BBG. occas cceessceeegeeeces 36 
VIL. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — XXXVIII. On new 
Hthiopian Species. By Rowzanp EK, Turner, F.ZS., F.E.S. .... 44 
5) 


Proceedings of the Geological Society..............c cence eens 


iV CONTENTS. 


NUMBER 20. 
Page 


VIII. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Cram- 
bine and Sigine. By Sir GEorGE F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &e. 53 


IX. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.n—XXXIX. New Sphecoidea 
collected in Palestine by Major E. E. Austen. By Rowxanp E. 
PORE, TE LiSig hia sa atheist eile iene © Ret Pen aia ei 69 


X. Descriptions of new Species and Genera of the Heteropterous 
Family Reduviide from British India. By W. L. Distant ...... 71 


XI. On the Discovery of Two Species of Brachycheteumide, a 
Minor Group of Millipedes peculiar to the British Isles. By 
RiICWARD DS. DAGNALL, LW G sys chs on ae he kee aeb he teas ene 79 


XII. New Species and Genera of Nymphalidae, Syntomide, and 
Sphingide in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kayr, F.E.S. .... 84 


XIII. A new Species of the Nematode Genus Crossocephalus from 
the Rhinovercs, “By HLA’ Bazaars, MAsi is ois la 0 alae mate oteleds 94 


XIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXXXVI. By T.D. A. 
CockERELL, University of Colorado ....... ese ee eeees hide ax 21 eS 


NUMBER 21. 
XV. Notes on Platypodide and Scolytide collected by Mr. G. E. 
Bryant and others. By Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson, F.E.S. ........ 105 


XVI. On acurious Malformation in Tenia saginata. By H. A, 
BAYLIS, MAS iicdcd cies tee so eietele es setae ielole ie ie ater aes ete eens eee 114 


XVII. Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. By Colonel C. 
SWINHOE, MA, EL IS.; 000.0 se ania tee seen ceeee Sey ehe 118 


XVIII. A new Species of Euneomys from Patagonia. By Oxp- 
FIELD THOMAS 4.4 sus pee wins 6 ot alee ole in im otevalr oc hts wie eacneee 127 


CONTENTS. ¥ 


Page 
XIX. List of Mammals from the Highlands of Jujuy, North 
Argentina, collected by Sr. E. Budin. By OtpFre.p THomas.... 128 


XX. Two apparently undescribed Species of Cicadide from 
Mrapical- Africa: eb Wels DISTANT. . 0.) o os occ et es ee 136 


XXI. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies Cram- 
bine and Sigine. By Sir GrorcE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &e. 187 


XXII. Two new Rodents from Tartagal, Salta, N. Argentina, 
Ree SUPE ISEE DEO MEE gtasWlyin'a's Psi -spsi cio od dv 4 haa ewes cole ecg 154. 


NUMBER 22, 


XXII. Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris, Fab. 
(sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual Characters. By 
eR OTAMELON BA. ay a Saas n ata auelsta odes «cused ce wale a Sais 157 


XXIV. A Contribution to the Study of South Indian Arach- 
nolory. By W. Rak Suerrtrrs, M.A., D.Sc., formerly Professor 
of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Madras, (Plates II-VI.) .. 220 


XXYV. Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—X. By Ricuarp 
Sree AEE re EMSC oor artge wily cavities a eR a here be vb cae fips 253 


XXVI. New Species and Forms in the Joicey Collection. By 
Le GIRLS: Lonel POLIS SSG aR cB Ae Sai Se aCe eae en er ara 277 


XXVII. Notes on the Genus Cricetomys, with Descriptions of 


' Four new Forms. By Martin A. C. HInTON..............062. 282 


XXVIII. The Method of taking the Incisive Index in Rodents. 
EOE UMEEE Dy PHOMABIC, face dcn ce anne ce evi ee ie se oat eecaes ee 289 


XXIX. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—IlIl. By H. E. An- 
DREWES Die Gee AAG) Se) #) Ae. ee) OS. oe se) ee 8) 8)'8 6 0 1 6 6 8.8 S| Bo ae.8 sie ef Bes Ca 290 


XXX. New Forms of South-American Birds. By CHar Es 
Cuuss, F.Z.S., M.B.0.U., Zoological Department, British Museum 
(Natural History) O06, 0 8.0 8 0 0.9 Spe eae 5 6 ewe OLE Sel k es) 6 em 8 6 6 8 6 6S Oe G eee 301 


at CONTENTS. 


NUMBER 28. 
Page 
XXXL Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies 
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Grorge F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.5., 
Bre... ve digi a wohl ei Ta Dede ah Davee be ALE. WB Daan la eee der le 305 


XXXIL New Bryozoa from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. By 
Henprik Bexxer, Cand. Geol., University of Tartu (Dorpat). 
(Plate VIL)... . cess scr erences eneescauecersguaenansionssens 327 


XXXIII. Diagnose de Genres nouveaux de Sarcoptides plumi- 
coles (Analgesing). Par E.-L. Trounssanrt, Professeur au Muséum 
National de Paris isis ait iayeis Oego S okie tals» © Saisie sw vip ee eae ae 336 


XXXIV. On the Genus Aorus, Schh, (Coleoptera, Curculionide). 
By Guy A. K. MarsHaLt, D.Sc. .....e eee ee eee eens ows Cabatere 338 


XXXV. Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, a little- 
known Nematode Parasite of the Hyrax. By H. A. Bayuis, M.A. 3843 


XXXVI. The Types of the Mammals described by M. Fernand 
Lataste. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ....eeee ese eeee secre reeeees » 300 


XXXVII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXXVII. By 
T1), A. Cockere ., University of Colorado’ .2..5.75..78-- sen 350 


XXXVIII. Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyrvs, 
Fab. (sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual Characters: 
Supplementary. By G. C, CHampion, F.Z.S. woe cece eee eee 360 


NUMBER 24. 
XXXIX. On Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma from Deep-sea 
Telegraph-Cables. By W. T. Carman; D.Sc. ....... cece eee eeee 361 


XL. On Five new Mammals from Java. By Herrseurr C, 
ROBINSON and C.. BODEN KLO88...... 00. cece vaueeecnersaveens 374 


CONTENTS. vil 


Page 
XLI. Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera and Descriptions of a few new 
Species in the British Museum. By GitBert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., 


bees, 5 Cr late: V WEB errno slwsls « «2,2 pee ke tie oko “Spc c athe 


XLII, On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis de 
Salvaza.—III. By Rowxianp E. Turner, E.ZS., FES. ........ 385 


XLUI. A List of the Myriapoda of Ulster. By Nevin H. 
ae ir WE, Pu WA Soe iss a a idtraheveeie ies ce shes Sele) sates 895 


XLIV. New Hispine. By S. Mauttk, Professor of Zoology in 
Pee Ee VeraIEY Of CBICMEDAY do's, v2 feds feels uss cacces et hk wee 407 


New Books:—Studies on Acarii—No. 1. The Genus Demoder, 


Over. Li CAMB MMERSE Tee sor 2i4 ANS «ale oc whe ecw ecu 411 
Report on Cetacea stranded on the British Coasts during 1918. 
Lyell tot caal eal S O00) Al le: rr rs 412 


Lidex Oe @. Olan wiel era «sue 2) 1¢ Coo eeoreroee @reses ove eOseeeseerores Si sene ® 413 


ne 
vite 


PLATES IN VOL. IV. 


- PuaTE I, Melolonthine Coleoptera, 
ii, ] 


TT; ‘ 
IV. South PM arto spiders. 
v. | 
VI.) 
VII. Ordovician Bryozoa from Esthonia. 
VIL. Ruteline Coleoptera. 


THE ANNALS 


AND 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 


[NINTH SERLES.] 


Se lace vounsecsesdns> per litora spargite muscum, 
Naiades, et circtim vitreos considite fontes : 
Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: 
Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. 
-At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; 
Ite, recuryato variata corallia trunco 
Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas 
Ferte, Dew pelagi, et pingui conehylia succo.” 
i N. Parthenti Giannettasi, Eel. 1. 


No.-19. JULY 1919.- 


I.—Papers on Oriental Carabide.—II. 
By H. E. ANDREWES. 


IN this paper I am describing some new species of Chlenius, 
all of them either from India or from adjoining countries, and 
giving a few notes on old ones, It is now more than forty 
years since Chaudoir published (Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. 1876) 
his Monograph on this genus and its allies, and since then a 
large number of new species have been described, chiefly—as 
far as Oriental species go—by H. W. Bates. A general 
revision is much to be desired, especially in view of certain 
defects in the synoptic table preceding the Monograph, viz. :— 
(1) Chaudoir broke up the genus into groups, not into species 
(although some of the groups contain only a single species). 
(2) The table, on its second page, goes quite to picces ; the 
signs used do not properly correspond, and this section is 
therefore of little use. I hope at some future date to tabulate 
the Eastern species, but there are as yet too many of them of 
which I have not seen examples. In the following descrip- 
tions the extreme measurements of the specimens examined 
are given after the name; any measurements given in thie 
course of the description are those of the type-specimen. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 1 


2 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 


Chlentus (Homalolachnus) sexguttatus, 3. 


Length 14 mm.; width 5°5 mm. 

Black. Clypeus blue-green, head dark copper-red with 
metallic green margins; prothorax. black, with faint blue 
and green reflections round front angles; elytra blue-black ; 
labrum, front of front femora, outer margin of front and inter= 
mediate tibize, and three spots on each elytron flavous ; first 
three joints of antenne and apex of palpi reddish. Upper 
surface of prothorax and elytra with a short yellowish 
pubescence. 

Head small, convex, labrum and clypeus smooth, frontal 
foveze obsolete, a punctiform impression on each side of front 
adjoining clypeus ; surface irregularly punctate, more coarsely 
behind, some fine punctures mingled with the larger ones ; 
eyes moderately prominent. 

Prothorax convex, narrow, very nearly as long as wide, 
nearly half as wide again as head, sides uniformly rounded, a 
little more contracted in front than behind, angles obtuse and 
rounded, a seta on margin at a fifth from base; median line 
deep, not reaching extremities, other impressions obsolete ; 
surface very coarsely and confluently punctate. 

Elytra elongate-ovate, half as wide again as prothorax, and 
nearly three times as long, punctate-striate, intervals mode- 
rately convex, each with two series of umbilicate punctures, 
surface dull; front spot very small, elongate, adjoining 
shoulder, intermediate spot larger, triangular, extending over 
intervals 4-9 and tapering inwards, hind spot at a fifth from 
apex, irregularly rounded, extending over same intervals, 

Underside shiny, slightly iridescent, coarsely but not 
closely punctate, ventral surface smooth in middle, finely and 
sparsely punctate at sides; prosternal process not margined 
at apex, pilose, metepisterna as long as wide; upper surface 
of tarsi sparsely pilose. 

The species resembles C. panagewoides, Chaud., and is about 
the same size. The eyes are more prominent, prothorax 
narrower, more convex, more contracted behind, and with a 
deeper median line. The presence of a shoulder-spot on the 
elytra at once distinguishes the new species ; the other spots 
are rather smaller and extend inwards to stria 3 only, whereas 
in C. panageoides they extend to stria 2 and sometimes to 
stria 1. 

Upper Burma, Maymyo, May 1910 (4. L. Andrewes). 


The type, a single g specimen, is in my collection. 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 3 


Chlenius djatna, Maindr., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 251. 


This species was described by Maindron from a 9 example 
taken by him at Karachi and two examples taken by Cardon 
in Chota Nagpur. Mr. Guy Babault has kindly sent me one 
of the latter, which also proves to bea ?. I have compared 
this with a specimen in the Pusa Collection from Chapra, 
Bengal (Mackenzie), which is evidently a 3 of the same 
species, 

Maindron quite rightly put it in the neighbourhood of 
C. orbicollis, Chaud. In dealing in his Monograph with this 
little group, for which he retained Laferté’s name of Ocybatus, 
Chaudoir (p. 37) describes the palpi, which are of unusual 
form ; he only knew the g, however, in one species, viz., 
C. deyrollet, Laf. The g palpi in C. djaina I find to be 
exactly as described by Chaudoir, but in the ? the apical 
joint of the labials is quite half as long again as wide. 

Maindron says that the pubescence is “rare,” but in the 
example from Chota Nagpur it has evidently been rubbed 
off; in the Chapra example it is camparatively dense and 
quite well marked on the prothorax. 


Chlentus kanare, 8 2. 


Length 14 mm. ; width 5 mm. 

Black. ead metallic green, prothorax dull copper-red on 
disk, greenish at sides, blue at extreme margin, elytra eeneous- 
black, interval 9 faintly blue; femora, tibiz, and base of 
antenng testaceous; rest of antenne, labrum, palpi (tips 
lighter), trochanters, and tarsi reddish ; a yellowish apical 
spot on each elytron. Prothorax and elytra finely pubescent. 

{lead small, very finely rugose, with a few small punctures ; 
eyes prominent, antenne slender, joint 3 almost glabrous, 
very slightly shorter than 4, 

Prothorax convex, half as wide again as head, length to 
width as 3 to 4, more narrowed in front than behind, widest 
behind middle, sides rather explanate, hind angles obtuse 
and rounded, surface coarsely punctate, more sparsel y towards 
front angles. 

Klytra nearly parallel, one-fourth as wide again as pro-= 
thorax, and three times as long ; border rounded at shoulder, 
punctate-striate, intervals flat, finely aciculate ; yellow spot 
near apex from middle of interval 3 to stria 9, the colour 
extending a little forward on intervals 5 and 6 and backwards 
on 6-8, 

Underside shiny, iridescent, prosternal process bordered 

if 


4 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 


at apex, pro-episterna moderately punctate on inner side, 
metepisterna longer than wide, moderately punctate, with a 
groove near outer margin. Front femora (¢) without trace of 
tooth ; tarsi glabrous on upper surface. 

Closely allied to C. neelgheriensis, Guér., but differing in 
the absence of a tooth on the front femora (g); antennee 
more slender, prothorax wider, more coarsely punctate, the 
punctures more uniformly distributed on disk, not so closely 
crowded together at base, both pro- and metepisterna with 
more numerous punctures. 

Bombay, North Kanara (7. R. D. Bell), 2 6 8,1 ¢. 

Type (3) in my collection. 


Chlenius multicolor, 3. 


_ Length 15 mm.; width 6 mm. 

Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, the latter with 
some. faint copper-red colour along median line, and blue 
reflections at margin, elytra purple-blue; legs, antenne, 
palpi,.and mouth-parts reddish. Prothorax and elytra 
covered, but not closely, with a grey pubescence. 

Head moderately convex, faintly rugose, a few coarse 
punctures on sides and vertex, neck closely, finely, and con- 
fluently punctate ; eyes prominent, joint 3 of antenne a third 
as long again as 4, labrum small, truncate. 
~ Prothorax declivous towards front angles, rather flat 
behind, not quite twice as wide as head, length to width as 
4 to 5, extremities truncate, but sides of base curve towards 
hind angles; contracted towards apex, which is much 
narrower than base, sides with a very fine border, margin 
explanate, rather widely so towards hind angles, which are 
obtuse and rounded; median line very fine, not reaching 
extremities, basal foveze short but fairly deep, not reaching 
base, surface coarsely and irregularly punctate. . 

Elytra moderately shiny, elongate-ovate, base bisinuate, 
border forming an obtuse angle at shoulder, faintly sinuate 
near apex ; punctate-striate, intervals flat, rather coarsely 
punctate, more sparsely on disk, very closely at sides. 

Underside shiny and iridescent, prosternum moderately 
punctate, pro-episterna with only one or two stray punctures, 
prosternal process irregularly depressed but not bordered, 
metasternum and metepisterna coarsely punctate, the latter 
much longer than wide, with an external groove, ventral 
surface finely and sparsely punctate at sides. Front femora 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabida. 5 


(3) without tooth; upper surface of tarsi very sparsely 
pilose, ; i 

I know of no other species with which to compare this. 
According to Chaudoi’s table it would come near C, abstersus, 
Bates, from which it is widely different. 

Bombay, Belgaum. 

The type (3), a unique specimen, is in:my collection. I 
find from my notes that I took it in July 1886. 


— Chlenius chapanus, 3 2. 


Length 13-14 mm. ; width 4:25-4°75 mm. 

Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, side-margins 
of latter dark green-blue ; legs, antenna, and palpi dark red ; 
- apex of palpi and an apical spot on each elytron red-yellow. 

Head (2°25 mm. wide) shiny, convex, closely and finely 
punctate, the punctures of varying sizes, vertex smoother, 
finely rugose ; eyes moderately prominent, palpi slender but 
short, Joint 3 of antennz practically glabrous, hardly longer 
than 4. 

Prothorax transverse (3x 2°75 mm.), subcordate, rather 
flat, truncate at extremities, sides gently rounded, slightly 
sinuate before hind angles, which are about right, though 
rounded, border very fine, reflexed near hind angles; median 
line fine, not reaching extremities, basal fovez elongate, 
fairly deep, surface moderately shiny, closely, more or less 
confluently, but not very coarsely punctate, more sparsely 
on disk at each side of median line, pubescence rather long 
though not obvious. 

Elytra (about 8-5 mm. long) elongate, nearly parallel, 
border rounded at shoulders, rather strongly sinuate before 
apex, punctulate-striate, intervals flat, the whole surface very 
finely aciculate-punctate, the punctures transversely confluent, 
covered with a rather long though not dense yellowish pubes- 
cence ; the yellowish spot at a fourth from apex, irregularly 
transverse, covering strize 3-8. . 

Underside sparsely punctate, nearly glabrous, prosternal 
process bordered, metepisterna elongate, with a groove along 
outer margin, along with metasternum, and sides of ventral 
surface at base coarsely but not closely punctate. Fiont 
femora (¢) without tooth ; tarsi pubescent on upper surface, 
joints 1-3 of front tarsi ( ¢) strongly dilated. 

Allied to C. tetragonoderus, Chaud.; eyes less prominent, 
antennze much longer, prothorax narrower, much more con- 
tracted behind, moe coarsely and closely punctate, elytra— 


6 Mr. H. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabides. 


owing to the fine and transversely confluent puncturation— 
more opaque. 

Tonkin, Chapa, May 1916 (R. Vitalis de Salvaza),4 3 3, 
1 

The type is in the British Museum. 


Chlenius vitalist, 3 3. 


Length 12-14 mm. ; width 4°25-5 mm. 

Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, elytra green, 
darker (sometimes with faint purplish tinge) on disk; legs, 
first three joints of antennze (rest brown), and apex of elytra 
flavous; palpi, margin and epipleure of elytra, margin and 
apex of ventral surface yellow-red. 

Head (2°5 mm. wide) shiny, convex, minutely rugose, with 
a few small scattered punctures, eyes prominent, antenne 
long, joint 3 sparsely pilose, half as long again as 4, palpi 
slender. 

Prothorax transverse (3x 2°75 mm.) moderately shiny, 
subconvex, truncate in front, base emarginate, widest before 
middle, sides rounded in front, slightly sinuate behind, hind 
angles a little obtuse and rounded, side-border very fine; 
median line fine, basal foveee deep, curving behind towards 
hind angles, surface very finely vermiculate-striate, more 
densely near both front and hind angles, sparsely covered 
with punctures of moderate size, basal area with some finer 
punctures as well, middle of base longitudinally striate. 

Elytra. subconvex and subopaque, nearly three times as 
long as prothorax, widest a little behind middle, border 
obtusely angled at shoulder, hardly sinuate towards apex, 
punctulate-striate, with a row of minute setiferous punctures 
(visible only when magnified) on each side of the striz, 
intervals 8 and 9, and the apical area more visibly punctate 
and pubescent, border dark red for first two-fifths, interval 9 
also for next two-fifths, apex widely flavous, with irregular 
front margin (as in C. nops, Chaud.). 

Underside shiny, proepisterna smooth, sides of metasternum 
and episterna with a few scattered punctures, prosternal 
process unbordered, shortly pilose. Front femora without 
tooth, upper surface of tarsi very sparsely punctate, with a 
few minute sete. 

Very closely allied to C. marginifer, Chaud., but differing 
in the very fine rugosity of both head and prothorax, the 
latter wider and more contracted behind, surface of elytra less 
finely shagreened. In C. marginifer strie 8 and Y and the 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 7 


apex are impunctate, the yellow border extends from shoulder 
to suture and is hardly wider at apex. 

Laos: Vientiane, vi—vii. 1915; Tourakom, vii. 1915; 
Pak Lane, i. 1918; Ban Nam Mo, iii. 1918 (2. Vitalis de 
Salvaza), 8 ex., d 2. 

Type in the British Museum. 


Chlentus tudicus, 3 ¢. 


Length 12°5 mm. ; width 4°5 mm. 

Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, disk of latter 
faintly suffused with copper-red, elytra brown-black on disk 
as far on‘each side as stria 5, green at sides (in the two 
Kanarese specimens the prothorax and sides of the elytra are 
blue-green) ; legs, antenne, palpi, epipleuree of elytra, and 
margin of ventral surface testaceous red; labrum and border 
of elytra red-brown. 

Head smooth, shiny, faintly strigose near eyes, with a few 
small punctures. at sides ; eyes prominent, antenne and palpi 
slender, former with joint 3 hardly longer than 4. 

Prothorax quadrate, a third as wide again as head, only a 
little wider than long, more contracted in front than behind, 
widest rather before middle, sides narrowly bordered, faintly 
sinuate before hind angles, which are obtuse though very 
little rounded, the sides of the base advancing towards them ; 
median line fine, not nearly reaching extremities, basal fovez 
rounded and deep, surface shiny, convex at sides, covered 
with few but coarse setiferous punctures, irregularly disposed. 

Elytra elongate-oval, a third as wide again as prothorax 
and nearly three times as long, border with an angle at 
shoulder, punctate-striate, intervals rather flat, the whole 
surface finely aciculate-punctate and pubescent, the punctura- 
tion rather closer at sides. 

Underside shiny and nearly smooth, metasternum and 
episterna moderately punctate, sides of ventral surface sparsely 
punctate and pubescent, prosternal process faintly bordered 
at apex, with a few sete. Upper surface of tarsi glabrous ; 
first three joints of front tarsi (g¢) rather longer than wide. 

The species belongs to the C. chalcothoraz, Wied., group, 
and seems most nearly allied to C. privatus, Bates, of which 
I have seen noexample. The last-named species comes from 
Burma and is a much larger insect ; it differs also to some 
extent in colour and has the head coarsely punctate. The 
eoloration of the elytra in C. tudicus (except for the reddish 
border) is as in C. chalcothorax, but the prothorax is more 


§ Mr. H. FE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 


coarsely-and sparsely punctate, and the sinuation of the sides 

before the hind angles, though slight, is more evident. 
Bombay, Belgaum, 6 ex. ¢ ? ; I took these at the end of 

May 1886 on the banks of a small pool near the village 

of ‘Cudia. Bombay, North Kanara (7. 2. D. Bell), 2 ex., 3. 
The type is in my collection. 


Chlenius apollo. 


Length 12°0-14°5 mm.; width 4°75-5°5 mm. 

Black ; head and prothorax blue-green, latter usually blue 
at margins and green on disk, elytra dark blue; femora 
flavous, rest of legs, antenne, palpi, and mouth-parts reddish. 

Head (2°5 mm. wide) convex, uniformly and very finely 
punctate, frontal fovez punctiform, eyes flat, joint 3 of 
-antennze sparsely pilose, half as long again as 4, palpi 
slender. 

Prothorax rather flat, quadrate, as long as wide (3°5 mm.), 
broadly emarginate at both extremities and not much con- 
tracted, a little narrower in front than behind, sides very 
gently rounded, with a narrow reflexed border, hind angles 
rounded but well marked, sides of base advancing towards 
them; median line fine, transverse impressions moderate, 
basal fovese elongate, deep, curving backwards towards hind 
angles, surface glabrous and shiny, minutely punctulate, with 
some larger scattered punctures (almost wanting in the type), 
base longitudinally striate. 

Elytra rather short, ovate, wider in @ than in g, not 
more than twice as long as prothorax, border sharply angled 
at shoulder, gradually increasing in width up to three-fifths 
from base, rounded at apex; punctulate-striate, with a row 
-of faintly indicated setiferous punctures on each side of the 
striz, the setee minute, an umbilicate pore near base of stria 1, 
intervals moderately convex, surface dull, interval 8 more 
evidently punctate. 

Underside almost smooth and glabrous, metasternum, its 
episterna, and sides of ventral surface at base faintly punc- 
tate, prosternal process bordered at apex, metepisterna as long 
as wide. Dilated joints of front tarsi (¢) rather longer than 
wide, glabrous on upper surface. 

Allied to C. quadricolor, but front tarsi (¢) with rather 
narrower joints and metepisterna no longer than wide. The 
very flat eyes, uniformly punctate head, nearly square pro- 
thorax, and short wide elytra distinguish this species from 
most other members of the group. 


Nilgiri Hills, 6000’ (27. L. Andrewes, 4 ex., A. K. Weld 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental.Carabidee. i) 


Downing, 5 ex., T. V. Campbell, 1 ex.). Mr. Downing’s 
specimens were taken at Hulikal; Dr. Campbell’s specimen 
is in Mr. KE. A. Butler’s collection. 

British Museum, 3 ex., labelled respectively ‘‘ India,” 
8. India,” and“ Nilgiris.” —. ; 

The type (¢) is in my collection. 


Chlenius nilgiricus, 3 ¢. 


Length 16°0 mm.; width 6:0 mm. 

Black ; head dark green, prothorax green on disk, darker 
(blue, purple, or blackish) on margin, elytra blue-black ; 
femora, upperside of front tibiz, and first joint of antennez 
flavous, rest of legs and antennz and mouth-parts dark red. 

Head (3:0 mm. wide), including clypeus, finely punctate, 
longitudinally striate near eyes, which are only moderately 
prominent, joint 3 of antennze sparsely pilose, about one- 
third as long again as 4. 

Prothorax flat, quadrate, as long as wide (4°25 mm.), a 
little emarginate at extremities, about equally and very little 
contracted before and behind, sides very gently rounded, 
angles distinct but rounded; median line fine, transverse 
impressions visible in middle only, basal foveze short but 
deep, parallel, not reaching base, but merging in a depressed 
area adjoining basal angles ; surface shiny, minutely punctu- 
late, uniformly but sparsely covered with larger (though still 
small) punctures, minutely striate along both basal and apical 
margins. 

Elytra ovate, moderately convex, more than twice as long 
as prothorax, widest just behind middle, border angled at 
shoulder, punctulate-striate, with a well-marked row of 
setiferous punctures along each side of the striz, intervals 
only moderately convex, the pubescence hardly noticeable. __ 

Underside shiny, prosternum rugose at sides, process very 
finely bordered at apex, episterna with some punctures on 
inner side, sides of metasternum and the episterna rather 
coarsely, sides of ventral surface more finely and sparsely 
punctate, metepisterna rather longer than wide; tarsi glabrous 
on upper surface. 

In the puncturation of the head and the form of the 
prothorax the species resembles C. apollo, but the insect is 
a larger one, the eyes are more prominent, the prothorax a 
little less sparsely punctate, the form of the basal foveze 
different, the elytra longer, narrower, less convex, and with 
a longer scutellary striole. Compared with the better-known 
C. quadricolor, the head is larger and much more closely 


10 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. 


punctate, prothorax equally contracted at extremities, flatter, 
surface more finely punctate, elytra rather similar, but the 
punctures on each side of the striss are smaller, closer together, 
and more distinct. 

Nilgiri Hills, 3000’, Nov. 1910 (H. L. Andrewes), 2 ex., 
3 253 Coimbatore, 4. ii. 1913 (7. B. Fletcher), 1 ex., Agric. 
Coll. and Research Inst., Coimbatore. 

‘I'he type is in my collection. 


Chlenius fletchert, § 2. 


Length 13°5-16°0 mm. ; width 5°0-5°75 mm. 

Black; head and prothorax metallic green, latter darker 
at margins ; femora and joint 1 of antenne red, rest of legs 
and antenns dark red, palpi brown. . 

Head (3:0 mm. wide) convex, moderately shiny, finely 
punctate (a few larger punctures mingled with the small 
ones) and subrugose, frontal fovese reduced to two small 
round punctures, eyes rather flat, joint 3 of antenne nearly 
glabrous, quite half as long again as 4, palpi slender, labru:n 
truncate. 

Prothorax as long as wide (4:0 mm.), shiny, rather flat, 
widest at middle, equally contracted at extremities, which 
are very slightly emarginate, sides finely bordered and a 
little retlexed, moderately and quite uniformly rounded from 
base to apex, hind angles obtuse and rounded ; median line 
fine, not reaching extremities, basal foveze moderately deep, 
elongate, curving outwards at both extremities, produced and 
very shallow in front, surface moderately and fairly uniformly 
punctate throughout. 

Elytra (9°5 mm. long) elongate-ovate, narrower and less 
dilated behind in g than in 9, base bisinuate, border sharply 
angled at shoulder, faintly sinuate before apex, punctulate- 
striate, a row of well-marked setiferous punctures along each 
side of the strie, a few irregular additional punctures here 
and there, especially on intervals 1 and 2, more closely punc- 
tate at sides, intervals convex and moderately shiny in ¢, 
flat and dull in ?. 

Underside shiny, faintly iridescent, indistinctly pubescent, 
prosternal process bordered, pilose at apex, metepisterna half 
as long again as wide, coarsely punctate, ventral surface 
sparsely punctate at sides. ‘T'arsi glabrous on upper surface, 
dilated joints (¢ ) a little longer than wide. 

Very close to C. nilgiricus, but the elytra are black. Pro- 
thorax more strongly rounded at sides, which are more or less 
reflexed, surface much more coarsely punctate, intervals of 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. 11 


elytra much more convex and more coarsely punctured in g, 
very similar in 92. 

Ceylon, Diyatalawa, 3. viii. 1908 (7. B. Fletcher), 1 3, 
a 

British Museum. 


Chlenius opactpennis, Chaud. ‘ Mon. des Chiéniens,” Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. 1876, p. 176. 


Chaudoir described this species from two Bengal examples 
(3 2), but gives no hint of any difference in the sexes. I 
have before me seven examples, four males and three females, 
which Iam convinced belong to the same species, but I find 
rather marked sexual differences. Chaudoir’s description, as 
. far as it goes, applies very well to the females, but the male 
insect is narrower, flatter, and much more brightly coloured ; 
the head and prothorax do not differ much, but the elytra are 
not so opaque, the intervals are moderately convex, and the 
puncturation is coarser and more conspicuous. ‘The side- 
margins of the prothorax are blue in front, the sides and 
apex of the elytra violet-blue, green on the shoulder. 

& dS. India and N.W. India, 2 ex., British Museum ; 
Central Provinces (Gen. Hearsey), 1 ex., Hope Dept. Oxford 
Univ. Museum. Bengal, Chapra (Mackenzie), 1 ex., Agric. 
Research Inst., Pusa. 

? 2. Bengal, Barkura, eating millipede, 1 ex., Agric. 
Research Inst., Pusa. Central Provinces, Nagpur (E. A. 
1) Abreu), lex. Central Mus., Nagpur. United Provinces, 
Sitapur (H. G. Champion), 1 ex. 


Chlenius henryi, 3. 


Length 15°5 mm.; width 6 mm. 

Black; head and prothorax with an eeneous tinge, green 
at margins ; joints 1-3 of antenne and legs testaceous, tarsi, 
labrum, and mouth-parts brown. 

Head convex, coarsely and rugosely punctate, neck and 
middle of front nearly smooth, clypeus smooth, with an 
oblique rugose depression at each side, labrum strongly 
emarginate, eyes fairly prominent, antenne thick, joint 3 a 
little longer than 4. 

Prothorax moderately convex, a third as wide again as 
head, length to width as 3 to 4, widest rather behind middle, 
base slightly emarginate, apex truncate, narrower at apex 
than base, sides gently rounded, border narrow and a little 
reflexed, hind angles obtuse and rounded ; median line very 


12 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Ortental.Carabide. 


fine, not reaching extremities, transverse impressions obsolete, 
basal fovex short and narrow, hardly breaking the general 
convexity, distant from base, rather nearer margin than 
middle; surface coarsely, confluently, and uniformly punctate. 

Elytra oval, convex, widest behind middle, half as wide 
again as prothorax and three times as long, border forming 
an angle at shoulder, punctate-striate, the punctures very 
fine and close together, the first stria arising from an umbili- 
cate pore at some distance from base, the whole surface 
finely, closely, and uniformly punctate, with a short greyish 
pubescence. 

Underside shiny and iridescent, sterna and episterna 
coarsely but not closely punctate, sides of ventral surface 
more finely and sparsely, prosternal process very finely 
bordered with some setee at apex, metepisterna without ex- 
ternal groove, a little longer than wide. Front femora (¢) 
without tooth; upper surface of tarsi minutely and very 
sparsely setose. 

The species belongs to the group of which C. chlorodius, 
Dej., is the type, but, although the elytra are relatively 
longer, the form is more that of C. opacipennis, Chaud. It 
is widely distinguished from all other members of the group 
by the dense puncturation of both prothorax and elytra, also 
by the rounded hind angles of the former. 

A single ¢ specimen from the Colombo Museum, sent to 
me some years ago by Mr. G. M. Henry, after whom I have 
named it. There is no locality-label, but I understand that 
the specimen was taken in Ceylon. 


Chlenius binghamt, 3. 


Length 12:0 mm. ; width 5°0 mm. 

Buff-coloured ; basal two-fifths of elytra, together with an 
extension, in the form of a square patch over the first four 
intervals, to about a third from apex, and apex of mandibles 
black ; apex of palpi and an ill-defined area near apex of 
elytra intuscate. 

Head (2°25 mm. wide) convex, shiny, smooth, apart from 
some very minute punctures on neck and sides of front, 
frontal fovee fairly deep, eyes prominent, labrum truncate, 
joint 3 of antennze very sparsely pilose, equal to 4. 

Prothorax transverse (3°25 x 2°50 mm.), shiny, convex on 
disk, widest before middle, extremities truncate, sides of base 
advancing towards hind angles, sides with a fine border, 
slightly reflexed, strongly rounded in front, sinuate near hind 


Mr. H. FE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 13 


angles, which are right but not sharp, median line and trans- 
verse impressious well marked, basal fovew large and fairly 
deep, surface smooth except over the fovese and for a short 
distance forwards along sides, where it is coarsely punctate 
and pubescent. 

Elytra (7:0 mm. long) short, rather convex, border forming 
a very obtuse angle at shoulder, and only faintly sinuate near 
apex, punctulate-striate, intervals convex on disk, much 
flatter at sides, the first four (where black) smooth, except 
for an irregular row of setiferous punctures along each side 
of the strie, the rest of the surface closely punctate and 
pubescent, the puncturation rather coarse, the buff colour 
extending forwards along interval 9 and eovering the shoulder, 
but not extending inwards beyond the base of stria 5. 

Underside finely punctate and pubescent, but smoother 
down the middle line of the body, prosternal process not 
bordered, a few small sete at apex, metepisterna much longer 
than wide, tarsi with a few minute setee on upper surface. 

Nearly related to C. kolariensis, Maindr., from Chota 
Nagpur, but larger, prothorax with blunter hind angles and 
quite without the minute rugosity of the base in that species ; 
the median elytral intervals are more evidently smooth, and 
the square black patch projected backwards from the black 
basal area gives the species a very distinctive facies. 

Upper Burma, Maymyo, 3000’ (Col. C. T. Bingham), 
ext: 

The type is in the British Museum. 


Chlenius corbetti, 2. 


Length 17 mm.; width 6°25 mm. 

Dark green-blue ; head and prothorax metallic green, latter 
copper-red on disk, elytra green-blue with middle of intervals 
2s ; legs, palpi, antenne (lighter at apex), and labrum 
red. 

Head (3°0 mm. wide) shiny, almost smooth, a very few 
punctures on sides and vertex, frontal fovee obsolete, eyes 
fairly prominent, palpi slender, joint 3 of antenne sparsely 
pilose, slightly curved, half as long again as 4. 

Prothorax transverse (4 x 3°5 mm.), widest before middle, 
rather flat but declivous towards front angles, emarginate at 
extremities, sides rounded, sinuate at some distance from base, 
hind angles about right, projecting a little laterally, sides of 
base advancing towards them; median line fine, but rather 
deeply impressed, basal tovex elongate, fairly deep, curving 


14 Mr. Hi. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 


backwards towards hind angles, surface shiny, finely punctate, 
sparsely on disk, more closely over basal area, where some 
large punctures are mingled with the small ones, faintly 
pubescent. 

Elytra (10 mm. long) subopaque, flat, elongate, sides 
nearly parallel, border at shoulder forming a very obtuse 
angle, rounded at apex without appreciable sinuation, punctu- 
late-striate, stria 1 arising from an umbilicate pore, intervals 
flat, the whole surface finely but not very closely aciculate- 
punctate, a few larger punctures mingled quite irregularly 
with the smaller ones, covered with a short but not dense 
yellowish pubescence. 

Underside shiny, prosternal process unbordered, metepi- 
sterna a little longer than broad, without external groove, 
metasternum, its episterna, and sides of ventral surface mode- 
rately punctate and pubescent, much more finely and sparsely 
over the median area; tarsi pilose on upper surface. ~ 

The species seems to belong to the little American group 
in Chaudoir’s Monograph, of which C. cordicollis, Kirby, is 
typical. The shape of the prothorax is unlike that of any 
ljastern species known to me, though it is very similar to 
that of C. aératus, Quens., from N. Africa. It is possible, 
though unlikely, that this is the unidentified C. virdanus, 
Motsch. (Bull. Mosc. 1864, iv. p. 339). 

Burma, Rangoon (G. Q. Corbett), 1 ex., 2. 

The type is in my collection. 


Chlenius laotinus, g 2. 


Length 11-12 mm. ; width 4°50-4°75 mm. 

Black ; head and prothorax dark metallic green (bluish 
when viewed sideways), elytra dark eneous on disk, green at 
base and sides, border of both prothorax and elytra dark red ; 
legs, first three joints of antennze (rest darker), palpi, apex 
of elytra (widely) and of ventral surface (narrowly) 
testaceous. 

Head (2°0 mm. wide) convex. shiny, smooth, a few small 
punctures near eyes, frontal foveze deep, rounded, subrugose, 
eyes moderately prominent, autenne slender, joint 3 sparsely 
pilose, hardly longer than 4, palpi slender, labrum slightly 
emarginate. 

Prothorax transverse (3°0x 2°5 mm.), shiny, subconvex, 
widest just before middle, truncate at extremities, sides 
bordered and strongly rounded, sinuate just before hind angles, 
which are about right, sharp, projecting a little laterally, 
front angles rounded; median line rather deeply impressed, 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 2 


basal fovees large, rather shallow, surface moderately and 
fair'y closely punctate, very closely over the basal fovee, . 
smooth on middle of disk (except along median line), pubes- 
cence evident and rather long. 

Elytra (7°5 mm. long) ovate, convex, border rounded at 
shoulder, sinuate near apex, punctulate-striate, surface 
closely but not very finely punctate (as in C. submarginatus, 
Chaud.), more closely at sides, covered with a fairly long 
yellowish pubescence, apical area broadly testaceous, as in 
C. inops, Chaud., but more widely along suture, and not 
quite so far forwards along margin, with a less jagged edge 
where the colours meet. 

Ventral surface finely punctate, the pubescence shorter and 
less evident than on upper surface, prosternum smooth 
between coxe, process bordered and pilose at apex, metepi- 
sterna elongate. Upper surface of tarsi sparsely punctate 
and minutely setose, dilated joints (¢) rather narrow. 

Closely allied to C. fraterculus, Maindr., of which Mr. Guy 
Babault has kindly sent me a typical specimen for examina- 
tion. The form of the prothorax is almost identical, though 
in C. laotinus the hind angles are hardly acute, puncturation 
closer and finer, smooth discal area much smaller (in C. fra- 
terculus it extends almost to the front angles), elytra rather 
more finely punctate, the yellow apical area extending further 
forwards at sides. 

Laos ; many examples taken at various localities in the 
Provinces of Luang Prabang and Haut Mekong, 1915-18 
(R. Vitalis de Salvaza). 

The type is in the British Museum. 


Chlenius comans, of. 


Length 11°5-13°0 mm. ; width 4:25-5:0 mm, 

Black ; head and prothorax metallic green, latter sometimes 
copper-red on disk, elytra zeneous black ; legs, first three joints 
of anteung (rest fuscous), palpi, border of prothorax and 
elytra, epipleurse of elytra, and apex of ventral surface 
generally testaceous, but sometimes quite dark red. 

Head (2°25 mm. wide) convex, shiny, minutely punctate, 
with a few larger punctures on front and near eyes, frontal 
fovee sinall but deep, eyes prominent, joints 2 and 3 of an- 
tennas moderately pilose, joint 3=4, palpi slender, labrum 
truncate. 

Prothorax transverse (3°50 x 2°75 mm.), convex on disk, 
flatter towards base, truncate at extremities, sides moderately 
rounded, not sinuate before hind angles, not much wider 


16 Mr. H. E. Andrewes: on Oriental. Carabide. 


behind than in front, border narrow in front, thicker behind, 
hind angles obtuse, but not much rounded ; median line very 
fine, basal fovew short but fairly. deep, curving outwards at 
both extremities, surface moderately punctate, closely near 
hind angles, disk almost smooth (except along median line), 
evidently pubescent. 

Elytra (8:0 mm. long) ovate, subeconvex, border roundel 
at shoulders, sinuate near apex, punctate-striate, intervals 
flat, surface rather finely aciculate-punctate, more closely at 
sides, with a fairly long golden-yellow pubescence. 

Underside. moderately shiny, closely punctate and pubes- 
cent, ventral surface very closely and finely, prosternum 
punctate between cox, process with indications of a border 
only, metepisterna elongate, closely punctate, metasternum 
with some coarse punctures as well. Upper surface of tarsi 
minutely punctate, practically glabrous. Dilated joints of 
front tarsi ( ¢) rather elongate. 

According to Chaudoir’s table the species would go with 
C. tristis, Schall., and C. nigricornis, F., but it is more 
closely allied to C. submarginatus, Chaud. Head a little’ 
wider than in the last-named species, prothorax less con- 
tracted behind, sides and especially hind angles much less 
rounded, less closely punctate, elytra more finely punctate, 
prosternal process practically unbordered. I think probably 
Chaudoir attached too much importance to the border on the 
prosternal process in this genus, as he did also in Oodes (see 
Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 323). 

Tonkin: Hoabinh, Guang Yen, and Muong Sin, many 
examples (R. Vitalis de. Salvaza), China (Bowring), 4 ex. 

The type is in the British Museum. 


Chlenius uninotatus, 6 2. 


Length 10-11 mm. ; width 3°75-4:0 mm. 

Blue-black ; head metallic green or blue-green, border and 
epipleuree of prothorax reddish ; legs, palpi, labrum, joints 1 
and 2 of antenns, and a common spot near apex of elytra 
testaceous. 

Head (2°0 mm. wide) convex, minutely punctate, smoother 
on vertex, frontal fovee nearly obsolete, joints 1 and 2 of 
antenne sparsely pilose, 3 more closely so and a little longer 
than 4, palpi slender, obliquely truncate at apex, labrum 
truncate. 

Prothorax transverse (2°75x 2'25 mm.), flat, widest at 
middle, equally contracted and slightly emarginate at both 
extremities, very finely bordered at sides, strongly and evenly 


On the Myth of the Ship-holder. LT 


rounded, without any sinuation before base, angles rounded, 
front ones a little prominent, hind ones obtuse ; a fine median 
line reaching extremities, transverse impressions obsolete, 
basal foveza shallow, surface opaque, finely and densely 
granulate and pubescent, the pubescence inconspicuous. 
Elytra (6°5 mm. long) oval, narrower and more pointed at 
apex in @, rather flat on disk, opaque, border fine, rounded 
at shoulder, reflexed along sides, hardly sinuate before apex, 
punctulate-striate, intervals flat, finely but not very closely 
punctate, and inconspicuously pubescent ; the testaceous spot, 
which is divided by the suture (red at this point), small, 
more or less rectangular, covering three intervals on each side 
of the suture, the colour extending a little nearer apex on 
interval 1; scutellum shagreened and indistinctly punctate. 
Underside highly iridescent, shiny, sparsely punctate, and 
pubescent, prosternal process not bordered, metepisterna not 
much longer than wide; tarsi pubescent on upper surface. 
Closely resembling C. guttula, Chaud., but larger, the 
common spot a little larger, more angular, and further from 
apex ; head wider, less closely rugose, prothorax more coarsely 
granulate, strie of elytra deeper and more evidently punctate. 
Assim: Naga Hills, Assam Valley, Manipur (all Doherty), 
13,622 


British Museum. 


I].—The Myth of the Ship-holder: a Postscript. By KE. W. 
Gupcer, American Museum of Natural History, New 
York City. 


In the issue of this Journal for October 1918 I published a 
paper of some length on this myth *. While that paper was 
going through the press I chanced upon some additional data 
bearing on this subject and its explanation, and it has 
seemed worth while to present it here in abbreviated form 
in the hope that it may prove of interest to readers of the 
first paper. It is all the more interesting because three of 
the writers quoted approximated the true explanation. 

' The first of these old writers is Jerome Cardan, mathe- 
matician, naturalist, and several other things beside. In 


* Gudger, I. W., ‘ The Myth of the Ship-holder: Studies in Echeneis 
or Remora.—I.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1918, ser. 9, vol. ii. pp. 271- 
307, 3 pls. with 9 figs., 1 text- fig, 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 2 


18 Mr. E. W. Gudger on the 


his book *, published at Basilize in 1557, his description 
of the ship-retarder, which he denominates Mustela marina, 
is very inexact; but when he says that it has seven round 
openings on each side of its neck, we recognize it as a 
lamprey-eel. The interesting thing in his account is his 
recital of a voyage on the Liger River in the spring, when 
seven large specimens were detached from the prow of the 
boat, where they acted as very effectual remoras—delayers. 
In this account Cardan effectually corroborates Rondelet +, 
who says that he has seen a lamprey-eel attach itself to a 
boat and actually retard its progress. Both these ancients 
in turn are corroborated fully by one of the most distinguished 
ichthyologists of the present day, Mr. David G. Stead, of 
Australia ¢, who tells of an instance coming under his own 
observation of a vessel in tropical waters being actually 
“considerably delayed through a school of ‘suckers’ attaching 
themselves all round its sides and bottom.” 

Next we come to the old Jesuit, Athanasius Kircher 
(1643), who goes very carefully into the matter of the ship- 
holder. Not to weary the reader, the gist of Kircher’s 
dissertation is to be found in the following paragraph. He 
contends that the explanation of the retardation of ships by 
a fish is as fabulous as that this is due to magnetic rocks, 
and goes on to offer the following explanation of his own :— 

“Nevertheless I do not deny that ships in their course do 
stand still. But I do not think to ascribe this to any occult 
quality, nor to any virtue derived from heaven, nor to any 
fantastic cause whatever, but to contrary upheavals or 
currents in the sea. For unless I had observed such a 
happening myself, I would myself scarcely believe that 
which I am going to set forth. Truly it happens not in- 
frequently in the Strait of Sicily that a huge ship with all 
sails set to a following wind sticks fast in the middle of the 
sea as if she had been affixed to a spike in a beam, the other 
ships in the neighbourhood holding their courses. This I 
allege not only on the testimony of my own eyes, but of 
that of the inhabitants of Messina, who frequently enjoy 
this spectacle. In like fashion the imperial fleet of Anthony 
at the battle of Actium was detained in the narrows of the 
Archipelago. This I would ascribe to the currents and 


* Cordano, Girolamo. ‘ Hieronymi Cardani Mediolanensis Medici de 
Rerum Varietate Libri XVII.’ Basiliz, 1557, chapter 31. 

+ Rondelet, Guillaume. ‘L’Histoire Entiére des. Poissons.’ Lion, 
1558, p. 813. The original edition of this great work was published in 
Latin in 1554. 

t Stead, DavidG. ‘Fishes of Australia.’ Sydney, 19C6, pp. 190-191. 


Myth of the Ship-holder. 19 


eddies which are everywhere met with in straits. For it can 
scarcely be said how much eddying in the sea, how many 
[opposing] currents would be strong and powerful enough 
to cause ships to stand. This is, indeed, my idea of the 
Remora” *, 

We now come to that man of the Renaissance writers who 
most thoroughly and in scientific fashion goes into a study 
of the ship-holder. This is the Jesuit, Gaspar Schott, pro- 
fessor in the gymnasium of Herbipoli. His scieutific 
attitude is first shown in his extensive review of his prede- 
cessors, where he expressly quotes them by book, chapter, 
and paragraph, and in this he is about as exact as a present- 
day writer who takes pride in the care with which his biblio- 
graphy is prepared +. 

Schott carefully dissects the writings and opinions of his 
predecessors, and, while acknowledging that vessels are 
stopped, rejects their explanations as depending on some 
occult power or cause or quality. He then sets forth his 
own conclusions under four heads and in as many distinct 
paragraphs. First, he thinks it doubtful if such a remark- 
able power of detaining and retarding ships is to be found 
in such a small animal. He notes that there are no eye- 
witnesses among the ancients, but that their accounts run 
“it is said,” ‘some believe,” “it is reported.” In short, 
there is no agreement among the ancients, and their accounts 
are mere fables. 

Having thus established himself as a disbeliever, Schott, 
in the next paragraph, affirms his belief in the occult and 
the supernatural. Since so many writers record them, there 
must be truth in these accounts, and it must be acknowledged 
that the ships are retarded, but from causes different from 
the assigned ones. These retardations, he thinks, are due 
to angels—good or bad,—to frauds on the parts of sailors 
(some backing, others pulling), or to upheavings and boilings 
in the sea. These latter, on the whole, he thinks to be the 
more probable causes. 

In his third paragraph Schott affirms his belief in extra- 
ordinary tides and currents which arise at times to retard 
the progress of the weakly propelled vessels of his day. He 
quotes Kircher’s experience in the Straits of Sicily. This 


* Kircher, Athanasius. ‘Athanasii Kircheri Magnes Sive de Artis 
Magnetica, Opus Tripartum.’ Colonize Agrippine, 1643. Liber tertius, 
pars sexta, De Echeneida, seu Remora, p. 669. 

+ Schottus, Caspar. ‘Physica Curiosa sive Mirabilia Nature et 
Artis Libris XII.’ Herbipoli, 1662. Caput XIV. Dissertatio Physio- 
logica de Echeneide seu Remora, pp. 1309-1338, 

as 


20 On the Myth of the Ship-holder. 


he had confirmed by the inhabitants of Messina and likewise 
by a personal experience in those waters. Next he argues 
that similar detentions have been known in similar regions, 
but that, unlike the ones more or less regularly occurring, 
though at different hours, in the Sicilian Straits, they occur 
irregularly and at intervals only—in short, were temporary 
and due to temporary and unusual causes. These causes, 
he thinks, were earthquakes or submarine disturbances of 
some kind which produce large and conflicting waves, this 
being in accordance with Kircher’s experience when he was 
once returning from Melita to Rome. 

Lastly, Schott comes to the conclusion that the retardation 
is due to the little fish rightly called remora, but that it does 
not do this by virtue of any occult quality, since when taken 
into the vessel the latter is no longer necessarily stopped in 
her course—witness the vessels of Caligula and the Cardinal 
of Tours (see pages 276 and 284 of previous paper). When 
it lays hold of a vessel and opposes its propulsion it acts in 
the same way that a man does when he prevents gravity 
from drawing a body downward. 

Both Kircher and Schott had a glimmering idea of the 
truth, each wanted to break away from ancient tradition and 
give a rational explanation; but the axiom that action and 
reaction are equal not having been established in their day, 
they apparently took refuge im jesuitical fashion in a 
flood of words. However, it is true that, in their conflicting 
currents or boilings in the sea, they approximated the true 
explanation as set forth by Ekman* in 1904, For this see 
my larger article. 

The last author to be quoted in this paper is a compatriot 
of Ekman’s, the famous Bishop Pontoppidan ¢ of Norway. 
He. quotes Schott, that “Among other reasons that are 
given for a ship’s being stopt in her course in the middle of 
the sea, tho’ under full sail with a good wind, which is an 
undeniable fact, he reckons, the conflux of rivers from several 
places struggling together, to be one cause.”” This translation 
I am unable to get from Schott’s Latin ; but doubting my 
own rendition, I had a translation made by an expert in 
Romanic languages. This agreed with mine very closely, 
but not with the good Bishop’s. 

Possibly this translation represents an embryonic idea in 


* Ekman, V. Walfrid. ‘On Dead-Water.’ Vol. V. Scientific Results 
Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 1898-1896, Christiania, 1904, 

+ Pontoppidan, Erich. ‘The Natural History of Norway.’ London, 
1755, pp. 216-217, : 


On a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 21 


the Bishop’s own mind, for he continues (see above): “ This 
opinion has some probability, and that strange effect is 
really owing to this cause in some places.” But, being 
under the thrall of the Kraken, the gigantic cephalopod 
which, like ‘‘ Dead Water,” abounded in the fiords of his 
country, he finally concludes that it, under the name Kors- 
Trold or Soe-Drawl, is the effecting agent in ship-detention. 


III.—Systematic Notes on a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 
By Gitpert J. Arrow. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


[Plate I.] 


Tue following descriptions and notes have been put together 
in the course of working out the nomenclature of certain 
species of Melolonthing injurious to crops in different regions. 
The types of the species described as new are in the British 
Museum. 

In his ‘ Report on Phytalus smitht, Arrow, and other 
Beetles injurious to Sugar-cane in Mauritius’ Mr. d’ Emmerez 
de Charmoy refers to certain Lamellicorn beetles to which no 
precise names could be given. ‘These were subsequently 
sent to me for identification, but, owing to uncertainty as to 
whether they were imported or indigenous, I deferred their 
determination at that time. Having failed to obtain sufficient 
evidence of their occurrence elsewhere, I have now described 
them, their economic importance rendering the absence of 
recognized names highly inconvenient. 

In the Report above mentioned the name Gymnogaster 
buphthalma, Bl., is applied to certain cane-feeding grubs. 
The beetles sent to me as probably belonging to that species 
are two different forms, both of them apparently unnamed 
hitherto. G. buphthalmus is an inhabitant of the island of 
Bourbon, and in all probability is not found elsewhere. 
Although it has a close superficial resemblance to the insect 
I here call RAtzotrogus pallens, there are important anatomical 
differences in the reduction of the biting parts of the mouth 
and the existence of five, instead of three, joints in the an- 
tennal club. No other species of Gymnogaster is known. 


22 Mr, G. J. Arrow on | 


Rhizotrogus gravis, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 4.) 


Lete flavus, capite fusco-rufo, pronoto (lateribus exceptis), an- 
tennis tarsisque rufis; oblongus, nitidus, glaber, pectore pedibus- 
que sat longe flavo-hirsutis, capite crebre et rugose punctato, 
absque carinis, clypeo parvo, excavato, margine antice recto, 
lateraliter fortiter arcuato; pronoto sat crebre et fortiter punc- 
tato, linea media fere levi, lateribus medio fortiter dilatatis, 
deinde ad angulos fere rectis, his obtusis, margine antico toto 
ciliato, postico leviter trisinuato, marginato; scutello parce 
punctato; elytris crebre et fortiter punctatis, costa suturali 
valida aliisque angustis parum distinctis; pygidio parce haud 
fortiter punctato ; antennis 10-articulatis, articulis 3—7 regulariter 
decrescentibus ; tibiz antice dente tertio minutissimo, unguibus 
subtus medio dente recto armatis ; mento postice carina V-formi 
instructo, antice excavato. 

Long. 25-27 mm.; lat. max. 13-15 mm. 


N.E, Mauritius: Bassin. 

An old specimen of this species in the British Museum 
bears the locality “ Florida,” for which reason I at first 
believed it to have been, like Phytalus smithi, imported into 
Mauritius ; but I have failed on enquiry to find any evidence | 
of its occurrence in America, nor has it by any abnormal 
increase shown the usual indication of an introduced insect. 

The colour is a bright tawny yellow, paler beneath, with 
the pronotum red, except at the sides, and the head very dark 
red. 

The male is rather elongate and parallel-sided, the female 
shorter and more dilated behind, and both rather shining 
(except upon the head, which is densely punctured and 
rugose), free from hair upon the upper surface, but with long 
and thick yellow pubescence upon the metasternum. The 
eyes are large and prominent, the clypeus rather small, 
hollowed, with continuous reflexed margin, straight in front 
and rounded at the sides. The pronotum is moderately 
punctured, with an indefinite longitudinal smooth space in 
the middle, with the lateral margins strongly dilated in the 
middle and nearly straight from there to the front and hind 
angles, which are obtuse. The elytra are closely and evenly 
punctured, with a prominent smooth sutural costa of nearly 
equal breadth throughout and exceedingly narrow and feeble 
vestiges of three or four other costa. ‘The pygidium is much 
less closely punctured. ‘he uppermost (third) tooth of the 
front tibia is very feeble and the claws bear a strong vertical 
tooth, at the middle of the lower edge. The antenne are 
10-jointed, joints 3 to 7 progressively diminishing in length. 


a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 23 


The male is much less massive than the female, with the 
club of the antenna as long as the footstalk, all the tarsi long 
and slender, and the abdomen longitudinally channelled 
beneath. 

Larvee found feeding at the roots of cane have been sent 
to me together with adult females of this species. 


Lhizotrogus pallens, sp.n, (Pl. I. fig. 1.) 


Pallide flavus, capite fusco-rufo, tarsis pronotique medio plus 
minusve rufescentibus ; oblongus, nitidus, glaber, pectore pedi- 
busque sat longe flavo-hirsutis, capite fortiter et confluenter 
punctato, absque carinis, clypeo excavato, margine reflexo, medio 
subtiliter exciso, lateraliter fortiter arcuato; pronoto inequaliter, 
haud crebre, punctato, lateribus medio fortiter dilatatis, deinde ad 
angulos omnes fere rectis, his obtusis, margine antico toto ciliato : 
scutello fere impunctato ; elytris haud fortiter aut dense punc- 
tatis, costa suturali angusta; pygidio sparse erecte setoso ; tibia 
antica tridentata, unguibus medio dente erecto armatis; mento 
postice carina semicirculari instructo. 

Long. 23-27 mm.; lat. max. 11-14 mm. 


S.E. Mauritius: Ebéne Sugar Estate, near Réduit. 

This is closely related to R. gravis and has a marked 
superficial resemblance to Gymnogaster buphthalmus, Bl., 
from which it is easily distinguished by its 3-jointed antennal 
club. It is narrower than £2. gravis, paler in colour, and 
less strongly and closely punctured upon the pronotum and 
elytra. ‘The clypeus is a little larger, feebly sinuated in the 
middle of its margin, and the eyes are a little smaller. The 
pronotum is rather flat and sparsely punctured, with its sides 
still more strongly angulated in the middle and straight from 
there to the front and hind angles, which are obtuse. The 
scutellum is almost smooth and the elytra are lightly pune- 
tured and very shining, with a narrow sutural costa only. 
The pygidium bears a thin clothing of erect hairs, but is 
scarcely visibly punctured. The mentum bears a semicircular 
(not V-shaped) carina and the uppermost tooth of the front 
tibia is more distinct than in A, gravis. The claws are 
similar. 

As in the allied species, the male is more slenderly built 
than the female, with the abdomen channelled beneath and 
the tarsi longer. The club of the antenna is longer than 
in the male of #. gravis, and the seventh joint is produced 
into a short but distinct lamella, 


24 Mr. G. J. Arrow on 


Rhizotrogus rufus, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 2.) 


Leete castaneo-rufus, capite obscuriori abdomineque pallide flavo ; 
sat late ovatus, nitidus, glaber, pectore dense fulvo-hirsuto ; 
capite dense fortiter punctato, fronte rugosa, clypeo parvo, mar- 
gine integro, arcuato, reflexo; pronoto crebre et minute punc- 
tato, margine laterali crenulato, ante medium angulato, dein ad 
angulum anticum et posticum fere recto, hoc fere quadrato, illo 
paulo producto; scutello lato, levi; elytris subtiliter parum 
eequaliter punctatis, margine suturali costisque discoidalibus 
duabus vix perspicuis levioribus ; pygidio subtiliter sat crebre 
punctato; pedibus parum gracilibus, tibiis anticis robustis, 
3-dentatis, unguibus fortiter arcuatis, medio valde dentatis : 

3, clava antennali duplo longiori quam. stipitem ; unguorum dente 
paulo post medium sito; pygidio leviter convexo: 

@, clava antennali quam stipitem multo breviori ; unguorum dente 
paulo ante medium sito; pygidio deplanato, apice leviter 
porrecto. 

Leng. 14-16 mm.; lat. max. 9 mm. 


Ninairt Hints: Dodabetta, 8000 ft. (May), Ootacamund 
(April). 

‘This insect has been sent to me by Mr. T. V. Ramakrishna 
Ayyar, who found it in large numbers just beneath the 
surface-soil in plantations of cinchona seedlings. 

It is moderately short and broad in shape, very smooth 
and shining, with the metasternum densely clothed with 
rather long tawny hair. ‘The legs are not very long, the 
front tibize rather short and armed with three strong but not 
sharp teeth, separated by acute notches. The clypeus is 
small, very strongly and closely punctured, with the margin 
regularly rounded and entire, and the forehead rugose, the 
punctures coalescing, carinate at its posterior limit. ‘The 
pronotum is broad, not very convex, closely and rather 
evenly punctured, with its lateral margins crenulated, angu- 
lated in the middle, and nearly straight from there to the 
front and hind angles, of which the former is a little produced 
and the latter a right angle. The scutellum is broad and 
almost unpunctured. The elytra are finely and moderately 
closely punctured, with the sutural margins and two indistinet 
discoidal coste smoother. The pygidium is also finely and 
moderately closely punctured. The antennez are 10-jointed, 
joints 3-7 very short and trausverse in the male and 8-10 
forming a very long club more than twice as long as the 
entire footstalk. In the female joints 3 and 4 are a little 
longer than wide and the club is very short. The basal joint 


a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 25 


of the hind tarsus is slightly longer than the following one, 
and the claws are strongly curved and toothed in the middle. 

The male is easily recognizable by the exceptional length 
of the antennal club, and another slight but important diffe- 
rence is found in the claws, in which the tooth is placed 
nearer to the tip in the male than in the female. 

I have used the generic name L?hizotrogus because it is the 
oldest of the various names in use for the immense and 
almost world-wide series of species to which these three 
insects belong, although that name is generally restricted to 
species from the Palearctic region. The classification of 
these insects is very largely a geographical one at present, 
and species from the Oriental region are referred to folo- 
trichia, those from America to Lachnosterna, while those 
from the Palearctic, African, and Madagascan areas have 
been distributed under very numerous names, some of which 
are no doubt well justified, but the maintenance of others 
must necessitate the introduction of a very large number of 
fresh generic names for the forms yet undescribed and con- 
forming to none of the feebly differentiated diagnoses formu- 
lated by Brenske, Reitter, and Kolbe. The handling of the 
extremely difficult generic problem by artificially limited 
geographical groups enables genera to be defined in terms 
which are found inapplicable when entire natural groups 
come to be investigated. Reitter, for instance, studying 
Palearctic forms, has divided the genera of the present group 
into two sections according to the situation of the tooth upon 
the claws before or behind their middle, one section being 
represented by /thizotrogus and the other by Holotrichia. 
As thus defined, the male of the species last described would 
be referred to the Holotrichia section and the female to the 
Rhizotrogus section. The many forms in which the tooth is 
placed precisely in the middle completely bridge the two 
groups and render their generic separation impossible. 
Pending a general revision, therefore, it seems to me best to 
accept only those genera which appear to be exactly defined, 
and to regard as a single genus the great mass of species at 
present called Rhizotrogus, Holotrichia, or Lachnosterna. 


Two species, not closely related, were described by Water- 
house from the island of Rodriguez under the name of 
Lachnosterna. L. rodriguezi, Wat., is a very peculiar insect 
belonging to no known genus. Unfortunately the two 
specimens are in an extremely imperfect state, so that it is 
not yet possible to state all its distinctive features; but, 


26 Mr: G. J. Arrow on 


although its proper systematic position must remain in doubt, 
enough can be stated for its ready recognition. 


MASCARENA, gen. nov. 


Elongate and rather depressed in shape. Head broad, 
with the clypeus extremely short and subacuminate in the 
middle. Labrum broad, produced vertically downwards on 
each side, the two lobes long and wide apart, the median part 
slightly produced. Mandibles strong and exposed. Mentum 
excavated externally, deeply excised in front, with the palpi 
attached to the outer face. Third and fourth joints of the 
antenna equal and moderately short (the remainder wanting). 
Legs slender, with the front tibia rather feebly tridentate 
and the claws long, toothed before the middle. 

The tarsi of the male are very long, the claws longer than 
in the female and the tooth much shorter. 


The second species from Rodriguez referred by Waterhouse 
to Lachnosterna (L. gradaria, Wat.) belongs to the genus 
Hoplochelus. This genus is at present in a state of great 
confusion. Empecta and Hoplochelus, very distinct as they 
are, were mixed together by Blanchard, and, although Brenske 
has partly unravelled them, the recent Catalogue of Dalla 
Torre has only increased the confusion. The two genera are 
easily distinguishable by the different form of the clypeus 
and labrum and the occurrence of two teeth upon the front 
tibia in Hmpecta, instead of three as in Hoplochelus. The 
former genus is allied to Apogonta and the latter to Rhizo- 
trogus. The typical species of Hoplochelus is H. rhizo- 
trogoides, B|., and the others known to me are piligera, BL., 
micantipennis, Bl., semirufus, Fairm., and gradaria, Wat. 
“ Enaria” adusta and albosparsa, of Fairmaire, belong to 
Empecta. 

Fairmaire has described as Hmpecta nudiplaga a form 
which he distinguishes from Z. marginals, Fairm., by certain 
features, all of which, although he was not aware of it, are 
merely characters of the female of Hoplochelus micantipennis, 
Bl. Both the above names are therefore evidently syno- 
nyms of the last. Lmpecta betanimena, Kunck., attributed 
to this species in Alluaud’s Catalogue, is really Hoplochelus 
semirufus, Fairm. 

Much of this confusion would have been avoided by the 
simple observation of the features distinctive of the sexes. 
It appears never to have been noticed that a sparser clothing 


a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 27 


and puncturation of the upper surface are characteristic of 
the females of both the genera in question. This is especially 
striking in the following new species :— 


Empecta disparilis, sp.n. (PI. I, fig. 3.) 

Nigra, elytris pedibusque rufescentibus, corpore toto squamis 
minutis vestito (maris supra dense), elytrorum humeris et 
epipleuris scutellique lateribus et linea mediana nudis, pectore 
haud dense fulvo-hirsuto; elongato-ovata, capite dense rugoso, 
margine antica levissime arcuata, haud excisa ; pronoti lateribus 
fortiter bisinuatis, antice valde approximatis, angulis anticis 
acute productis, posticis obtusis; pygidio crebre punctato-rugoso 
et setoso : 

¢ , corpore supra toto opaco, densissime flavo-squamoso, pedibusque 
omnibus gracilibus : 

Q, corpore supra modice nitido, grosse punctato, punctis squami- 
feris, pedibus posticis multo brevioribus. 

Long. 17-19 mm.; lat. max. 9-10 mm. 


MapaGascaR: Diego Suarez. 

The difference between the sexes is very strongly marked, 
The male is entirely opaque above and densely clothed with 
perfectly uniform yellow scales. The female is more shining, 
the pronotum covered with large dense punctures each con- 
taining a scale, and the elytra rather coarsely punctured, 
each puncture similarly giving rise to a scale, and the punc- 
tures of the inner half tending to coalesce transversely. The 
posterior half of the pygidium is also more coarsely punctured 
and shining in the female, and the hind legs are much 
shorter and stouter than in the male. 


Lepidiota flavimargo, sp. n. 


Fusea, corpore supra et subtus dense albo-squamoso, elytris rufes- 
centibus, lateribus pallidioribus, denudatis, squamis nonnullis 
minutis parce ornatis ; elongato-ovalis, undique coriaceo-punctata, 
elytrorum lateribus exceptis, clypeo haud lato, margine antica 
medio leyissime sinuata, prothoracis lateribus serratis, antice 
fere rectis, post medium arcuatis, angulis omnibus obtusis, pygidio 
postice leviter sulcato, mesosterno medio compresso, vix produeto : 

¢, tibiis anticis bidentatis, tibiarum posticarum calearibus angustis, 
spinosis : ‘ 

Q, tibiis anticis tridentatis, tibiarum posticarum calcaribus latis- 
simis, spatulatis, extremitatibus translucentibus. 

Long. 39-52 mm.; lat. max. 20-26 mm. 


Brit. N. Borneo: Sandakan (C. V. Creagh, W. B. 
Pryer), Sarawak (J. C. Moulton), 


28 On a few Melolonthine Coleoptera. 


This is a species closely related to the very abundant 
L. stigma, F., of the Malay Peninsula and Java, which is 
apparently not found in Borneo. ‘The females of that species 
strongly resemble the present insect, but the latter can be at 
once distinguished by the sharply defined yellow or reddish 
lateral borders of the elytra, almost denuded of scales. The 
border occupies about one-eighth of the width of the elytron, 
is paler than the remaining surface, smooth and shining, 
and bears only a few minute scales, whereas the remaining 
surface of the body is closely covered with scales, replaced by 
short, close-lying yellowish hairs upon the coxee and the sides 
of the metasternum. The scales of the upper surface are 
generally pure white, the elytra each showing three more or 
less distinct longitudinal lines of scales still more closely 
crowded than the rest. Upon the head, the sides of the pro- 
notum, and the lower surface of the body the scales are more 
yellowish. 

The two sexes, unlike those of Z. st/gma, are alike in colour, 
but the female is distinetly larger than the male, its front tibize 
are stouter and bear three well-developed teeth instead of two, 
and the hind tibizw are dilated at the end and their spurs 
broad and spatuliform (much moreso than in L. stagma), the 
extremities dilated, rounded, and translucent. 

L. munda, Sharp, has similar bare lateral margins to the 
elytra, but is a smaller insect, more tapering in front, and 
clothed with yellow scales. 

The Dalla Torre Catalogue is entirely wrong in identifying 
the European Polyphylla alba of Pallas and Olivier with the 
female of L. stigma (Melolontha alba, F.). _ 

Leucopholis diffinis, Sharp, and lateralis, Brenske, are, I 
believe, synonyms of L. nummicudens, Newm. ‘The incon- 
spicuous row of hairs upon the median line of the pronotum 
seems to occur only in the female (the sex described by 
Brenske), and is present in one of the two original specimens 
of Newman. Sharp’s two specimens are presumably both 
females, but very much abraded, so that the clothing could 
not be described. Brenske appears to have believed Penang 
to be in Sumatra (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1896, p. 189). 

Another related insect re-named in error is Mucirrus mellyz, 
Guér., which, as I have already recorded, is a Malayan form, 
not Ceylonese. ‘The elongate palpi, which Brenske believed 
to characterize a second species (4. elegans), is a feature of 
the male of L. mellyt. 

Another redundant name for a sexual form may be noted 
here. Moser has described as Hoplia thoracica an insect 


On Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. 29 


from Sarawak, which he compares with the Javan HH. auran- 
ttaca, Wat. He has overlooked H. aurata, Wat., from 
Sarawak, the type of which is a female, whereas his form is 
the male of the same species, differing from the female by 
opaque red scales replacing the glistening golden scales of 
the female upon the front of the pronotum, the sides of the 
elytra and the legs. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. 


Fig. 1. Rhizotrogus pallens, male and female. 
Fig. 2, Rhizotrogus rufus, male and female. 

Fg. 3. Empecta disparilis, male and female. 
Fig. 4. Rhizotrogus gravis, male and female. 


The male of each on the left. All natural size. 


IV.—On a small Collection of Mammals from Lumbo, 
Mozambique. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


THANKS to the generosity of Lord Swaythling, the British 
Museum has been enabled to acquire a small collection of 
mammals obtained during the recent HEast-African campaign 
by Mr. Arthur Loveridge at Lumbo—a place on the main- 
land opposite the island of Mozambique, in Portuguese East 
Africa. 

This region has been exceedingly little worked, and, apart 

_ from the specimens collected by Peters at Cabaceira, and 
mentioned in his work on Mozambique, and a few brought 
home by Dr. Kirk, almost no mammals from it have come 
into the hands of zoologists. 

As a consequence, I have thought it worth while to give a 
list of the species obtained by Mr. Loveridge. 


1. Crocidura hirta, Peters. 
Py 200. 
This shrew is in changing pelage, and gives a striking 
example of the peculiar colour-changes described in Mr. Doll- 
man’s Monograph * as occurring in the species. 


* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (8) xvi. p. 71 (1915). 


30 Mr. O. Thomas on 


2. Petrodromus (Mesoctenus) rovume, Thos. 


3. 206, 207, 208, 214, 220; 2. 209, 210, 211, 212, 215, 
216, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226. 

This fine series of a species hitherto very insufficiently 
represented is of particular importance, as some doubt. 
appeared possible in regard to the relation of the thickened 
tail-bristles to the age of the individual—a point on which its 
distinction as representing a special subgenus mainly depended. 
For it might have proved that in old age the bristles of this 
species became as knobby as they are in the subgenus Cerco- 
ctenus. Now, however, I am able to record that not in the 
oldest specimens do the bristles become like those of P. sultan, 
the type of Cercoctenus, while, on the other hand, every 
individual that has its permanent teeth in place has some 
thickened bristles present, none occurring in tiue restricted 
Petrodromus. Certainly the bristles do increase in number 
and knobbiness with age, but they never equal those of 
Cerccetenus. The bristles of the males also seem to become 
in old age more knobby than those of the females. 

The palatal vacuities are in most cases of considerable size, 
but in scme individuals are almost completely absent, so that 
there is no absolute constancy in the character, although it 
has undoubtedly a certain average value. 

Tt was largely on this character that I separated mossam- 
‘bicus of Cabaceira from rovume of the Rovuma River; but 
it now appears that the character is not to be trusted when 
only individual specimens are available. 

As to the other character of mossam/icus (the slaty grey on 
tlle belly-hairs) there is in this series a most surprising and 
abnormal range of variation—from none at all to cases where 
each hair is broadly slaty at base. In consequence, I think 
that the name mossambicus should be withdrawn and all of 
these southern forms of A/esoctenus should be referred to 
rovume. It is, of course, still possible that a subspecifie 
difference in colour may prove to exist when good Rovuma 
skins are available, but for the present the name rovume 
should be used for all. 


3. Mungos mossambicus, Matsch. 


do. 204, 235; ¢. 205. 
Practically topotypes, the name having been based on a 
specimen obtained by Peters at Cabaceira. 


Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. 31 


4, Helogale ivori, sp. n. 


S. 227, 228; ¢. 200, 229, 233, 234. 

A buffy species, resembling H. victorina in colour, but 
H. brunnula in its comparatively. small size. 

Size small, skull not or barely reaching 50 mm. in length. 
General colour very uniform buffy—that is to say, the body 
is so buffy that the limbs and tail are less contrasted with it 
than usual. Back nearest to “ cinnamon-buff,” the usual fine 
brown and whitish ticking of the hairs modifying it less than 
in other species. Under surface strong ochraceous tawny. 
Muzzle and cheeks more tawny. Crown slightly greyer and 
rump a little more ochraceous than back, but these contrasts 
are very markedly less conspicuous than in the Mweru 
H. varia. Limbs ochraceous tawny. Tail rather shorter 
than in other species, grizzled buffy above, strong ochraceous- 
tawny below. 

Skull small, about as in A. brunnula, markedly smaller 
than in the Central and LEast-African forms  vietorina, 
rufula, &e. 

Dimensions of male and female (the first the type) :— 

Head and body 242, 210 mm.; tail 145, 140; hind foot 
43,40; ear 20), 20. 

Skull: median length 49:8, 49°3; condylo-basal length 
49-3, 49-2; zygomatic breadth 28°3, 27:2 ; interorbital breadth 
10°3, 9°8; palatal length 24-2, 24°35; maxillary tooth-row 
eg oe 

Type. Adult male. Original number 228. Killed 22nd 
October, 1918. 

‘his species is conspicuously more buffy and less rufous 
than Peters’s H. undulata, which was described from Mos- 
simboa, some distance further northward. It has a superficial 
resemblance to the Uganda form H. victorina, but is smaller, 
more uniform in colour, and the tail is decidedly shorter. 
The Mweru species H. varia, which seems to have as short a 
tail, is larger, and has an unusually dark grey crown and 
more strongly buffy rump, both contrasting with the dorsal 
colour more than in /Z. zvori. 

Named after the Hon. Ivor Montagu, to whose interest in 
small mammals the donation of the specimens is mainly due. 


5. Paraxerus flavivittis mossambicus, subsp. n. 


2. 202. Lumbo, Ist September, 1918. Type. 
Median dorsal area a mixture of blackish and buffy, which 


32 Mr. O. Thomas on 


results in a general colour something between “ olive-brown ” 
and “ Chetura drab,” therefore very different from the 
“ ferrugineus ” and ‘rostbraun” of Peters’s description of 
flavivittis, Under surface white, with a faint tinge of buffy 
on the belly ; the hairs white to their bases; line of demar- 
cation on sides not sharply defined. Colour of lateral light 
stripes practically white or ivory-colour, not “ flavidus”’ or 
“hell-gelb ” asin true favivittis. Dark line below them like 
the middle back above them. ‘Top of muzzle grizzled ochra- 
ceous. Crown and nape dark grey, without buffy or fulvous 
intermixture. Facial lines well defined, alternately dark 
brown and white. Shoulders ochraceous, the withers between 
them also more tinged with this colour than the main dorsal 
area. Ears whitish buffy. Front of fore limbs and top of 
hands ochraceous; inner side of limb whitish. Outer side of 
hips greyish buffy, top of hind feet strong buffy. 'Tail-hairs 
ringed with black and pale buffy, their tips broadly buffy, 
those of the terminal hairs stronger buffy ; middle line of 
under surface ochraceous. 

Skull apparently as in flavivittis, though the nasals are 
considerably broader behind than in Peters’s figure. 

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— 

Head and body 175 mm.; tail 175 ; hind foot 40; ear 18. 

Skull: greatest length 41; condylo-incisive length 37 ; 
zygomatic breadth 24 ; nasals, length 12°3, posterior breadth 
7°5 ; upper tooth-series 8. 

Hab. and type as above. 

In his description of P. flavivittis Peters mentioned two 
localities for the species—Mossimboa, on the coast, about 11° 
8., and Cabaceira, near Mozambique,—the second being 
almost exactly the present locality. But the differences in 
colour from his description and figure shown by Mr. Love- 
ridge’s specimen are so material that there are evidently two 
subspecies of the animal, and it is obvious that the first- 
named place—Mossimboa—should be taken as the type- 
locality. 

Judging by a specimen from still further north which has 
been hitherto taken as P. flavivitiis, the back of that animal 
is probably a strong fulvous ochraceous, very different from 
the dark brownish of P. f. mossambicus. 

This specimen is a peculiarly welcome accession to thie 
Museum collections, as P. flavivittis was one of the only two 
species which I was not able to allocate to their restricted 
genera when dividing the African squirrels in 1909%*. 


* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. p. 475 (1909). 


Mammals from Lumbo, Mozambique. do 


Mr. Loveridge’s example now shows that it is unquestionably 
a typical Paraxerus. 

Within that genus it renders verbally incorrect my 
statement, when describing Tamiscus*, that the species of 
Paraxerus, as there restricted, were “ of uniform colour, or at 
most with an indistinct whitish line down each side of the 
back,” for the light lines of P. flavivittis are exceedingly 
conspicuous, and anything but indistinct. But none the less 
the striping is quite unlike that in the black-striped Tamiscus, 
and is only an intensification of the indistinct whitish lines 
referred to. 


6. Taterona sp. 
Pe .. 199. 


Not determinable on a single specimen. 


7. Steatomys loveridgei, sp. n. 


d. 201. Ast October, 1918. Type. 

A small pale-coloured species with slender teeth. 

Hairs of back little over 6 mm. in length. Colour very 
much paler than in other species, the dorsal area near wood- 
brown, the tips of the hairs pale avellaneous. Sides markedly 
paler, the hairs with a whitish zone below the pale avellaneous 
tips. Underside pure sharply defined white. Crown like 
back; cheeks lighter, like flanks. ars large, a distinct 
white patch behind and below their posterior base. Fore 
limbs wholly white. Hind limbs white, with a narrow line 
of the flank colour running down to the ankle. Tail white, 
slightly darkened on the upper surface by the presence of a 
few barely perceptible blackish hairs; its end quite white. 

Skull, as compared with that of S. pratensis, much smaller, 
narrower, and with very small brain-case. Molars decidedly 
smaller and more slender. 

Dimensions of the type :— 

Head and body 77 mm.; tail 835; hind foot 15; ear 18. 

Skull: greatest length 22°5; condylo-incisive length 20:3 ; 
zygomatic breadth 10°5 ; nasals 9 ; interorbital breadth 3°6 ; 
breadth of brain-case 10; palatilar length 10; palatal fora- 
mina 0°2; upper molar series 3°4 ; breadth of m! 1-1. 

This little “ fat-mouse ” is much smaller than S. pratenss, 
and is probably most nearly allied to the S. menutus of 
Angola. But its molars are more slender than in the latter, 
with the anterior lamina of m’ more elongate, and externally 


* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) i. p. 33 (1918). 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. a 


34 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the 


it is distinguishable by its paler colour, larger ears, and 
practically white tail. 

In naming it after Mr. Loveridge I wish to bear testimony 
to the enthusiasm which resulted in the preparation of a small 
mammal collection during the difficulties incidental to a 
trying campaign. 


8. Grammomys sp. 
o- Avs: 
This specimen has unfortunately lost its bulla, so that its 


determination is doubtful ; but it is probably referable to 
G. surdaster, Thos. & Wr. 


V.—A List of the Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone. 
By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S8. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


WHEN describing some new fishes discovered by Mr. N. W. 
Thomas in these ‘ Annals’ in 1915 (ser. 8, vol. xv. p. 202), I 
observed that the exploration of the freshwater fauna of 
Sierra Leone had not received much attention, and that the 
number of species of fishes with which I was then acquainted 
amounted only to eighteen. Thanks to further collections 
made shortly after by Mr. Thomas and quite recently by 
Mr. A. F. Wingate, the number has now risen to fifty-eight, 
and it is of interest to give a list of all the species which can 
now be recorded :— 


Polypteride. 
_ Polypterus palmas, Ayres. 
Lepidosirenidz. 
Protopterus annectens, Ow. 
Mormyride. 


Petrocephalus simus, Sauy. 
Isichthys henryt, Gill. 
Marcusenius brachistius, Gill, 
Gnathonenus mento, Blgr. 
thomasi, Blgr. 


Freshwater Fishes of Sierra Leone. 


Notopteride. 
Notopterus afer, Gthr. 
Xenomystus nigri, Gthr. 
Clupeide. 
Pellonula leonensis, Blgr. 
Characinide. 


Sarcodaces odoé, Bl. 

Alestes longipinnis, Gthr. 
nurse, Rupp. 

rutilus, Blgy. 
macrolepidotus, C. & V. 
Nannocharax fasciatus, Gthy. 
ansorgi, Blgr. 


Cyprinide. 
Labeo obscurus, Pellegr. 
Barbus spurrelli, Blgr. 
leonensis, Blgr. 
Barilius steindachnert, Blgy. 
Siluride. 


Clarias liberiensis, Stdr. 
Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Lacep. 
walkert, Gthr. 

Auchenoglanis occidentalis, C. & V. 
Noteglanidium thomast, Blegr. 
Tiauchenoglanis maculatus, Bley. 
Malopterurus electricus, Gm. 


Cyprinodontide. 


Fundulus sjoestedti, Lonnb. 
Haplochilus fasciolatus, Gthr. 
chaperi, Sauy. 

—— spilauchen, A. Dum. 
macrurus, Bley. 

—— bifasciatus, Stdr. 
annulatus, Blgr. 


Scorpididz. 
Psettus sebe, C.& V. 
Gerridz. 
Gerres melanopterus, Blk. 
Cichlide. 


Tilapia caudomarginata, Blgr. 
macrocephala, Blkr. 
—— melanopleura, A. Dum. 


3% 


30 


36 Mr. R. E. Turner on the 


Tilapia brevimanus, Blgr. 
buettikofert, Hubr. 
Paratilapia thomast, Blgr. 
Pelmatochromis jentinki, Stdr. 
intermedius, Blgr. 

—— buettikoferi, Stdr. 
humilis, Blgr. 

pulcher, Bigr. 
Hemichromis fasciatus, Peters. 
bimaculatus, Gill. 


Gobiida. 
Eleotris lebreton, Stdr. 
leonensis, Bler. 
vittata, A. Dum. 
Gobius maindroni, Sauv. 
guineensis, Peters. 
Anabantide. 
Anabas kingsleye, Gthr. 
Ophiocephalide. 
Ophiocephalus obscurus, Gthr. 
Mastacembelida. 


Mastacembelus loennbergii, Blgr. 


Vi.—WNotes on the Ichneumonide in the British Museum.—II. 
By Rowtanp KE. Turner, F.Z.8., F.E.S. 


Tribe ACG NITINI. 
Chorischizus apicipennis, sp. Ne 


Q. Castaneo-ferruginea; lobo mediano mesonoti apice, scutello 
basi, segmento mediano basi late, abdomine, valvulisque terebre 
nigris ; tergitis primo secundoque fascia angusta mediana apicall, 
tergitis tertio, quarto, quintoque fascia interrupta apicali, post- 
scutelloque apice angustissime flavis ; antennis in medio tarsisque 
posticis infuscatis; alis hyalinis, anticis macula magna apicali 
fusca, venis nigris. 

Long. 10 mm. ; terebre long. 4 mm.; antennarum long. 6 mm. 


@. Antenne 28-jointed ; third joint nearly twice as long 
as the fourth ; the apical joint large, as long as the two 


Ichneumonide: in the British Museum. on 


penultimate joints combined. Mandibles bidentate at the 
apex ; clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, closely punc- 
tured; face closely and finely punctured, slightly raised 
Jongitudinally in the middle and on the inner orbits. Eyes 
parallel on the face, separated from the mandibles by a 
distance distinctly exceeding the breadth of the mandibles at 
their base. Front deeply concave in the middle, smooth and 
shining, with a median carina reaching the anterior ocellus, 
finely punctured along the inner orbits. Vertex shining, 
very sparsely punctured, the head transverse, scarcely nar- 
rowed behind the eyes. Notauli deep; mesonotum shining, 
with a few fine scattered punctures, more closely punctured 
on the middle of the median lobe; mesopleure finely and 
rather sparsely punctured; scutellum smooth and shining, 
with a deep, transverse, longitudinally striated groove at the 
base; postscutellum strongly concave laterally. Median 
segment short; areola rectangular, nearly twice as broad as 
long, external areas well defined ; the apical slope of the 
segment oblique, shining and almost smooth, with three 
rather strong arched strie at the base; spiracles large, ellip- 
tical. Abdomen smooth and shining ; first segment broadened 
from the base, at least twice as long as its apical breadth ; 
second segment at least twice as broad at the apex as long. 
Radial cell at the apex further from the stigma than from the 
apex of the wing; second recurrent nervure received well 
beyond the transverse cubital nervure; nervulus prefureal ; 
disco-cubital nervure with a distinct ramellus; nervellus 
intercepted close to the middle. Hind legs long and stout; 
cox sparsely, femora closely punctured ; hind metatarsus a 
little shorter than the four apical tarsal joints combined ; 
tarsal ungues very large. Hypopygium lanceolate, produced 
beyond the apex of the abdomen. 

flab. Yallingup,S.W. Australia; November 1913 (Turner). 
Le 

This differs structurally from the European Phenolobus 
arator, Rossi, in the presence of a ramellus on the fore wing 
and in sculpture, but can hardly be separated generically. 


Subfamily Orazrowraz. 


Tribe CAMPOPLEGINI. 


Campoplea: negatus, sp. n. 


@. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, palpis, tegulis, coxisque 


38 Mr. R. E. Turner on the 


trochanteribusque anticis flavis; pedibus anticis, coxis tro- 
chanteribusque exceptis, intermediisque, coxis exceptis, ochra- 
ceis; abdomine, supra sepe nigrolineato, pedibusque posticis, 
coxis trochanteribusque exceptis, brunneo-ferrugineis ; alis sub- 
hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis fusco-ferrugineis ; terebre valvulis 
nigris. 

g. Femine similis; trochanteribus posticis brunneo-ferrugineis, 
basi nigris. 

Long., 9 15 mm., ¢ 12 mm. 


9. Antenne 60-jointed, scarcely longer than the abdomen, 
third joint a little less than twice as long as the fourth. 
Mandibles broad, bidentate at the apex, the upper tooth 
longer than the lower. Face and clypeus finely punctured- 
granulate, sparsely covered with white pubescence. Hyes 
separated from the mandibles by a distance less than half the 
breadth of the mandibles at the base; front and vertex very 
finely and closely punctured-granulate. Thorax very closely 
and finely punctured ; notauli well marked in front, becoming 
obsolete posteriorly. Median segment transversely rugulose, 
very shallowly longitudinally impressed from base to apex 5 
the external areas well defined apically, but not laterally ; 
spiracles large, elongate. First tergite distinctly swollen at 
the apex, more than half as long again as the second. Hind 
calearia less than half as long as the metatarsus. Areolet 
somewhat variable in shape, sometimes pointed on the radius, 
sometimes showing a distinct radial margin, the cubital 
margin with a distinct angle in the middle at the point of 
reception of the second recurrent nervure. Nervulus rather 
strongly postfurcal. Discoidella almost obsolete, nervellus 
straight. 

Hab. Mt. Wellington, 8. Tasmania, 2300 ft., January 15- 
February 6, 1913 (Zurner),4 9 29,14. Haglehawk Neck, 
S.. ‘Tasmania, February 1913 (Turner), 1 ?. Victoria 
(C. French), 192,18. Hobart (J. J. Walker), 1. 


Campoplea eatraneus, sp. Nn. 


gd. Very close to C. negatus described above, but differs 
in colour, the scape being fusco-ferruginous and the inter- 
mediate and hind coxee ferruginous brown. ‘The areolet is 
distinctly but very shortly petiolate. 

Length 10-11 mm. 

Antenne 52-jointed, as long as the whole insect. 

Hab. Yallingup, S8.W. Australia; October (Turner). 
236: 


Ichneumonide in the British Museum. 39 


Subfamily Cryprrva. 
Tribe MESOSTENINI. 
Buodias gilberti, sp. n. 


@. Nigra; pedibus testaceis, posticis femoribus tibiisque apice 
nigris ; tarsis posticis flavidulis, articulo apicali nigro; palpis 
flavidulis; antennis 34-articulatis, articulis 7-14 albidis; alis 
hyalinis, stigmate venisque nigris. 

Long. 14 mm. ; terebra long. 5 mm. ; antennarum long. 12 mm. 


@. Clypeus closely and rather finely pnnctured; face 
sparsely punctured on the sides, punctured-rugose in the 
middle; front concave, smooth and shining between and 
above the antenne, finely transversely rugulose below the 
anterior ocellus, with a distinct longitudinal carina, the sides 
sparsely punctured. Vertex very finely and sparsely punc- 
tured. Antenne filiform ; the third, fourth, and fifth joints 
subequal, each nearly twice as long as the scape. Meso- 
notum closely and not very finely punctured, parapsidal 
furrows deep; scutellum convex and almost smooth in the 
middle, the sides coarsely obliquely striated. Median segment 
with a transverse carina, deeply emarginate posteriorly before 
the middle, the base of the segment before the carina finely 
rugulose, with a small basal area which is strongly narrowed 
towards the apex ; spiracles rather small, oblong, the trans- 
verse carina curved below them and running to the base of 
the segment, thus forming a large enclosed area on each side; 
beyond the carina the segment is coarsely obliquely rugose~ 
striate, with an almost obsolete strongly arched apical carina, 
the apical angles produced into a short, blunt, subtriangular 
spine; the posterior slope coarsely transversely rugose- 
striate and slightly concave, the dorsal surface broader than 
long. First tergite as long as the hind coxe plus two-thirds 
of the first joint of the hind trochanters, the basal half forming 
a slender petiole; second tergite about one-third longer than 
its apical breadth, finely and rather closely punctured ; third 
tergite broader than long, slightly narrowed to the apex and 
minutely and closely punctured, as also are the remaining 
tergites. Areolet small, four-sided, the first transverse 
cubital nervure very short, only half as long as the second ; 
recurrent nervure received close to the apex of the areolet. 

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner). 2 92 2. 

Very near the Solomon Island species Mesostenus insularis, 
Cam., but differs in the black apices of the hind femora and 


40 Mr. R. E. Turner on the 


tibie, in the paler hind tarsi, and in the distinctly longer 
second tergite. The terebra is also distinctly longer than in 
insularis. Also, but more distantly, related to B. unicolor, 
Turn., from New Caledonia. Although faint indications of a 
second transverse carina are present on the median segment 
of this species, I consider it is better placed in Buodias than 
in Mesostenus. But Cameron’s genera in the Cryptine are 
often founded on small characters of doubtful value, and 
Buodias may have to sink as a synonym of Mesostenoideus. 


Xanthocryptus monticolus, sp. n. 


. Fulvo-ferruginea; clypeo, labro, fronte fascia mediana longitu- 
dinali supra dilatata, orbitis internis, orbitis externis latissime, 
genis, pronoto linea ante alas, mesopleuris macula elevata infra 
alas, scutello linea obliqua utrinque, lineaque apicali, antennis 
articulis 7-11, tarsisque posticis articulo primo apice, secundo, 
tertio, quartoque basi albo-flavidis; capite, antennis, valvulis 
terebra, tarsisque posticis articulis primo, quintoque nigris; alis 
hyalinis, venis nigris. 

Long. 15 mm.; terebre long. 7 mm.; antennarum long. 13 mm, 


9. Antenne 25-jointed, joints 83-5 very long and slender, 
each more than twice as long as the sixth joint, all the joints 
longer than broad. Mandibles strong, bidentate at the apex, 
the outer tooth the longest. Labrum exposed, rounded at 
the apex; clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, with a 
minute tubercle in the middle of the apical margin. Hyes 
very feebly converging towards the clypeus, the mandibles 
separated from the eyes by a distance about equal to their 
own basal breadth. Face and clypeus finely and not very 
closely punctured ; the face less than twice as long as the 
clypeus. Front and vertex microscopically punctured, the 
front feebly concave. Thorax minutely punctured, notauli 
deep and smooth ; scutellum not much raised, strongly 
narrowed to the apex, with a smooth transverse depression at 
the base; mesopleure finely striolate, smooth and shining 
posterioly. Median segment minutely punctured at the base, 
with a transverse carina arched in the middle and another 
transverse carina at the base of the posterior slope, the space 
between the caring very coarsely obliquely striated, the poste- 
rior slope less coarsely obliquely striated; the dorsal surface 
twiee as broad as long, without spines at the angles ; the sides 
of the segment finely punctured ; spiracles large, elongate- 
ovate. Abdomen very finely shagreened ; first segment very 
narrow at the base, the spiracles situated behind the middle, 


Ichneumonidee in the British Museum. 41 


much nearer to each other than to the apex of the segment, 
behind the spiracles the segment broadens rapidly to the 
apex; second segment a little longer than its apical breadth ; 
third twice as broad as long; hypopygium short, not reaching 
the apex of the abdomen. Hind legs long and rather stout ; 
hind metatarsus as long as the four apical tarsal joints com- 
bined ; ungues large, simple. Areolet very small, rectangular, 
a little longer than high; the second transverse cubital 
nervure not developed, but represented by a faint cloud ; 
nervulus prefurcal ; nervellus intercepted just below the 
middle. 

Hab. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania ; January 1913 (Turner). 
12. 

This genus was founded by Cameron in 1901 for a species 
from New Britain, and later he added species from New 
Guinea and the Solomons. From these the present species 
differs in details of colour and sculpture and in the presence 
of an apical carina on the dorsal surface of the median seg- 
ment. I have never taken a species of this genus in Australia, 
but apparently Mesostenus physoscelus, Brullé, described from 
Australia, should be placed here. I think Cameron was 
probably correct in placing this genus in the Mesostenini, 
though it is somewhat aberrant, 


Tribe HEMITELINI. 


Camptolyne froggatti, sp. n. 


Q . Ferruginea; capite, segmentisque abdominalibus quinto sequenti- 
busque nigris, quarto etiam plerumque nigro; tergitis apice 
pallide flavo-marginatis; antennis brunneo-ferrugineis, apice 
nigris ; femoribus posticis apice, tibiis posticis, basi albo-annu- 
latis, tarsis posticis valvulisque terebre nigris; alis hyalinis, 
anticis posticisque ante apicem latissime fusco-fasciatis, venis 
nigris, stigmate nigro, basi flavo-maculato. 

3. Femine similis ; mesonoto, scutelloque lateribus fuscis ; tergito 
tertio nigro, apice late albido-marginato, angulis apicalibus in 
dente fortiter productis ; tergitis quarto sequentibusque albidis, 
lateribus nigro-maculatis. 


Long., 2 6°5, ¢ 5 mm. 


?. Head transverse, narrowed behind the eyes; front and 
vertex very closely punctured-rugulose. Antenne nearly as 
long as the whole insect ; the third and fourth joints equal in 
length, each almost twice as long as the scape. Mesonotum 
irregularly rugulose, transversely and with interspersed 


42 Mr. R. E. Turner on the 
punctures anteriorly, obliquely and more coarsely posteriorly ; 
the notauli distinct, meeting each other beyond the middle of 
the segment, which is feebly depressed in the middle poste- 
riorly. Scutellum longitudinally rugose-striate ; with a deep 
transverse depression at the base, in which are several longi- 
tudinal carine ; the sides of the scutellum with marginal 
carine, the apex narrowly rounded. Median segment short, 
rugose, with a transverse carina at the apex, the areas 
obliterated by the coarse sculpture, the sides of the segment 
clothed with pale hairs. Abdomen coarsely longitudinally 
striated ; first tergite subsessile, a little longer than its apical 
breadth ; the spiracles situated near the middle of the lateral 
margins, a curved carina connecting them ; second tergite 
broadly transversely depressed before the apex, nearly twice 
as broad as long; third tergite more shallowly transversely 
depressed behind the middle, as long as the second segment ; 
the apical seements small. ‘Terebra very short, the valvulz 
projecting very little beyond the apex of the abdomen. 
Second transverse cubital nervure missing ; nervulus a little 
prefureal. Nervellus elbowed and intercepted just below the 
middle. 

Hab. Moree, New South Wales, February—April (Frog- 
gatt);2 9 2%. Mackay, Queensland, October—May (Turner) ; 
1g, 429. Hermannsburg, Central Australia (Hl. J. 
Hillier); 1 2. 

The genus was founded by Cameron in 1911 for three 
species from Ceylon and India, which are closely related to 
the Australian species. The spines on the male abdomen are 
on the third tergite in this species, not on the fourth, as stated 
by Cameron in the description of his species. 


Camptolynx ruficornis, sp. n. 


@. Nigra; mandibulis, palpis tegulisque flavis; antennis, seg- 
mentis abdominalibus tribus basalibus pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; 
alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, anticis fascia fusca sub stigmate yenam 
recurrentem non superante, stigmate dimidio basali flavo. 

Long. 6 mm. 


@. Antenne 27-jointed; the basal joints long, the third 
and fourth each nearly twice as long as the scape. Face very 
finely and closely punctured, convex in the middle ; front 
and vertex finely punctured-rugulose. Mesonotum closely 
obliquely striate, the median lobe deeply separated from the 
lateral and extending nearly to the posterior margin, with a 
narrow, impressed, longitudinal line. Scutellum iregularly 


Ichneumonide in the British Aluseum. 43 


rugose-striate longitudinally, with distinct lateral carine. 
Median segment short, rugulose, with a small basal area 
which is narrowed towards the apex ; the apical carina forms 
part of an arched carina which is continued in the lateral 
carine of the posterior slope ; spiracles small and rounded. 
First tergite a little longer than its apical breadth, subsessile, 
longitudinally striated, with a curved groove joining the two 
spiracles, which are as far from the apex of the segment as 
from each other. Second tergite nearly twice as broad at the 
apex as long, granulate, with a coarsely longitudinally striated 
groove before the apex ; third tergite coarsely granulate at 
the base, with a broad curved groove beyond the middle, the 
segment beyond the groove closely longitudinally striated ; 
fourth tergite delicately longitudinally striated; fifth and 
sixth tergites shining, finely punctured ; apical segment 
whitish and smooth. Valvulee projecting about 1 mm. beyond 
the apex of the abdomen. Transverse cubital nervure very 
short; nervulus slightly pre-furcal. The fuscous band of the 
fore wing is much narrower than in C. froggatti, and reaches 
from the middle of the stigma to the middle of radial cell, 
and thence crosses the wing, not quite reaching the lower 
margin. 

Hab. Mackay, Queensland ; September, March, and April 
(Turner). 5 29%. 

In a specimen from Moree, New South Wales, taken by 
Froggatt in March 1918 the fuscous band of the fore wing is 
almost entirely obliterated. 


Subfamily Tryrexonra. 
Tribe THY MARINI. 
(demopsis hobartensis, sp. n. 


Q@. Nigra; capite, thorace, postscutello excepto, pedibusque anticis 
rufis; antennis 34-articulatis, nigris, articulis 17-18 albis; 
abdomine subtus albido-variegato, tergitis 3-7 apice anguste albo- 
marginatis ; alis subhyalinis, iridescentibus, venis nigris, stigmate 
fusco-ferrugineo, 

3. Femine similis. 

Long. 6 mm.; terebre long. 1 mm.; ¢, long. 6-7 mm. 


_ 92. Head subglobose; eyes almost parallel on the inner 
margins, sparsely covered with short hairs. Antenne filiform, 
distinctly shorter than the whole insect ; front finely and 
closely punctured. Clypeus very large, divided into two 
portions by an arched carina, which is intercepted in the 


44 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 


middle by a small semicircular depression, the basal portion 
porrect, the apical portion strongly deflexed; mandibles 
bidentate at the apex, the upper tooth the longest. Thorax 
minutely punctured, the notauli deep and finely crenulate ; 
scutellum with a rather shallow, transverse, closely longitu- 
dinally striated groove at the base. Median segment coarsely — 
rugose ; areola rather ill-defined, long and narrow; petiolar 
area short. Abdomen elongate, narrow; the three basal 
segments longer than broad and punctured-rugulose ; the’ 
first tergite longitudinally striated at the base, more than 
three times as long as its apical breadth; second tergite twice 
as long as its apical breadth ; apical tergites shining, minutely 
punctured. Neuration not differing from typical Gdemopsis. 

&. Antenne a little longer than the whole insect, with 
two or three more joints than in the female, and without a 
white ring. First tergite more coarsely striated than in the 
female. Clypeus nearly flat, as long as the face, not divided 
by a carina. 

Hab. Baglehawk Neck, S.E. Tasmania, February 1913 
(Turner); 1 2. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, March 12-21, 
1913 (Turner); 23. 

This is the first record of this small genus from the Aus- 
tralian region. I follow Thomson in placing the genus in 
the Tryphoninz, though some authors consider that it is 
better placed among the Pimplinee. Morley’s amendment of 
the generic name to G7dematopsis appears to me unnecessary. 


VII.—WNotes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—X XXVIII. On 
new Ethiopian Species. By Rowuanp KE. TurRNER, F.Z.S., 
F.E.S. 


Family Scoliide. 
Subfamily Hzmrmz. 


Elis (Mesa) fusiformis, sp. n. 


6. Niger; mandibulis apice fusco-ferrugineis; segmento abdo- 
minali septimo, tergitoque sexto apice ferrugineis; femoribus, 
tibiis tarsisque brunneo-ferrugineis ; tergitis 2-5 fascia apicali 
bisinuata, sternitisque 2-4 macula parva apicali utrinque sordide 
luteis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis. 

Long. 10 mm. 


Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 45 


3. Clypeus short and broad, very broadly rounded at the 
apex, closely punctured-rugulose and clothed with whitish 
hairs. Head closely and strongly punctured, the front rugose, 
interantennal prominence strongly raised, broad and emar- 
ginate at the apex. Antennze moderately stout, about 7 mm. 
in length, third and fourth joints of the flagellum subequal, 
each at least half as Jong again as the second, the first almost 
concealed, the four subapical joints feebly arcuate beneath. 
HKyes shallowly emarginate on the middle of the inner margin. 
Thorax closely and not very coarsely punctured ; pronotum 
as long asthe scutellum, feebly narrowed anteriorly. Median 
segment very closely and rather strongly punctured-rugose, 
the whole thorax and median segment clothed with whitish 
hairs, very sparsely on the dorsal surface, more closely on 
the sides. Abdomen shallowly, but not very finely punc- 
tured ; the petiole of the first segment half as long as its 
strongly broadened apical portion, second segment as long as 
the first without the petiole, nearly twice as broad at the apex 
as at the base, the third segment the broadest. Seventh 
tergite longitudinally striated, the apex smooth, with a deep 
but very narrow apical siit ; hypopygium forming the usual 
recurved aculeus, but shorter than in most species of the 
genus. Hind tibie serrate. Third abscissa of the radius a 
little longer than the second, much longer tian the fourth. 

Hab. Kraaifontein, Cape Colony (Lightfoot). 

‘Type in the South African Museum. 

A rather aberrant species in the fusiform shape of the 
abdomen, and in the sculpture and apical slit of the seventh 
tergite. 


Family Sphegide. 
Subfamily Ampozicrv#. 
Ampulex toroensis, sp. 0. 


Q. Viridi-ceerulea ; mandibulis, palpis, flagello articulis 3-11, 
secundoque apice, tarsisque articulis duobus apicalibus nigris ; 
alis fusco-hyalinis, fusco obscure bifasciatis. 

3. Femine similis, antennis tarsisque omnino nigris, 

Long., 2 20 mm., ¢ 13 mm. 


2. Carina of the clypeus produced into a short blunt tooth 
at the apex, with a blunt tooth on each side. Head produced 
and strongly narrowed behind the eyes; the frontal carinze 
prominent, not nearly reaching the level of the anterior 
ocellus; vertex coarsely punctured, with distinct transverse 


46 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 


strise posteriorly ; front rather less coarsely punctured, the 
area between the frontal carinze with a tendency to oblique 
striation. Second joint of the flagellum twice as long as the 
third, the latter less than three times as long as its apical 
breadth. Eyes strongly convergent towards the vertex, 
where they are separated by a distance equal to about three- 
quarters of the length of the second joint of the flagellum. 
Pronotum nearly as broad in the middle as long, produced 
posteriorly into a strong tubercle, transversely stiiated in 
the middle, smooth at the base and apex, not punctured, 
propleuree smooth. Mesonotum sparsely, scutellum very 
sparsely, mesopleure rather more closely punctured, the 
scutellum with the usual transverse crenulated groove at the 
base. Median segment transversely striated, the second 
carina nearly twice as far from the median carina as from the 
third at the base, the apical area of the dorsal surface not well 
defined, the teeth at the apical angles strong and subtriangular. 
Abdomen smooth and shining, second tergite as long as its 
greatest breadth. Fourth tarsal joint half as long as the fifth 
and fully as long as the third in the middle ; hind tibize very 
sparsely punctured. Fourth abscissa of the radius about half 
as long as the second transverse cubital nervure, first trans- 
verse cubital nervure indicated, but subobsolete. 

g. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex, without teeth, 
and rather densely clothed with grey hairs. Head coarsely 
punctured, the frontal carine produced posteriorly and meeting 
behind the anterior ocellus, the space between them with 
distinct oblique strie and a median longitudinal carina. 
Second joint of flagellum more than half as long again as the 
third ; eyes less strongly convergent towards the vertex than 
in the female, separated by a distance scarcely less than the 
length of the second joint of the flagellum. Thorax rather 
more closely punctured than in the female, the pronotum with 
distinct punctures. Abdomen closely and strongly punctured ; 
the third tergite sparsely clothed with cinereous hairs. 

Hab. Fort Portal Road, Mbarara, Southern Toro, Uganda 
Protectorate, 2800-4200 ft., October 22-24, 1911 (S. A. 
Neave); 19%. Tigger, Uganda, October 3, 1901 (C. S. 
Betton); 1. 

Somewhat resembles A. crawshayi, ‘Turn., but in that 
species (2) the mandibles are red, the wings almost hyaline, 
the head not produced posteriorly and scarcely narrowed 
bebind the eyes ; the frontal carinze meet behind the anterior 
ocellus, and the front tarsal joint is shorter, in addition to 
other differences. ‘The female is the type. 

Type in British Museum. 


Mr. R. EB. Turner on Lossorial Hymenoptera. 47 


Ampulex cyanura, Kohl. 
Ampulex cyanura, Kohl, Ann, naturh. Hofmus. Wien, viii. p. 471 
(1893). 9. 
Ampulex africana, Cam. Rec, Albany Mus. i. p. 256 (1905). ¢. 


Ampulex nitidicollis, sp. n. 


Q. Viridis ; mandibulis, flagello articulis 3-11 secundoque dimidio 
apicali, tarsisque, articulo basali excepto, nigris; alis fusco- 
hyalinis, fusco obscure bivittatis. 

Long. 19 mm, 


9. Clypeus broadly rounded anteriorly, strongly longitu- 
dinally carinate in the middle, without Jateral teeth. Eyes 
strongly convergent towards the vertex, where they are sepa- 
rated by a distance scarcely exceeding three-quarters of the 
length of the second joint of the flagellum. Head not pro- 
duced behind the eyes and not much narrowed posteriorly, 
very minutely and closely punctured, with a few larger but 
shallow scattered punctures ; the two frontal carine parallel 
and not nearly reaching the Jevel of the anterior ocellus. 
Pronotum fully as long as its median breadth, narrowed 
anteriorly, without strize, with a few scattered punctures, 
depressed and subconcave anteriorly, raised and subtubercu- 
late in the middle posteriorly, without a distinct median 
sulcus. Mesonotum and scutellum very sparsely punctured. 
Median segment nearly as long as its median breadth, strongly 
transversely striated, the strie closer and finer between the 
second and third lateral carinw than elsewhere, the second 
carina at least half as far again from the median at the base 
as from the third, the three median carine not extending to 
the apex and leaving a well-defined apical area; the teeth at 
the apical angles of the segment broad and not very long, 
slightly curved, and not very acute at the apex. Abdomen 
almost smooth ; second tergite fully as long as its greatest 
breadth, the sides only slightly convex ; segments 4—6 rather 
strongly compressed laterally. Fourth joint of the hind tarsi 
less than halt as long as the fifth and much shortcr than the 
third ; hind tibiz very sparsely punctured on the outer side. 
Fourth abscissa of the radius scarcely half as long as the 
second transverse cubital nervure; first transverse cubital 
nervure present, but not quite as strong as the second. 

Hab. Damba Island, Victoria Nyauza; October 8, 1918 
(C. G. Gowdey). 

Type in British Museum. 

In many points this resembles A. splendidula, Kohl, but 


48 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 


the eyes are much closer together on the vertex than described 
in that species, the fourth joint of the hind tarsi is shorter, 
and there are no lateral teeth on the clypeus. The sculpture, 
however, seems to be very similar. 


Subfamily Spzzcrvz. 
Sphex (Coloptera) crassifemoralis, sp. n. 


3. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, flagello articulis sex basalibus, 
pronoto lateribus, callis humeralibus, tegulis, mesonoto utrinque 
ante tegulas, petiolo subtus, sternitis, in medio nigro-suffusis, 
tergito septimo, pedibusque ferrugineis; femoribus, trochante- 
ribus intermediis posticisque coxisque posticis, supra nigris ; 
tibiis posticis supra nigrolineatis; alis sordide flavo-hyalinis, 
apice leviter infumatis, venis ferrugineis ; pronoto mesonotoque 
fortiter transverse striatis; scutello postscutelloque fortiter 
longitudinaliter striatis, convexis, haud lamellato-productis ; 
tergito septimo apice late truncato. 

Long. 22 mm. 


3. Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, broader than 
long. Hyes distinctly, but not very strongly convergent 
towards the clypeus ; posterior ocelli nearly half as far again 
from the eyes as from each other, and twice as far from the 
hind margin of the head as from each other. Head strongly 
narrowed behind the eyes, the clypeus and front densely 
clothed with pale golden pubescence. Propleuree coarsely 
rugulose ; mesopleures and sides of median segment irregu- 
larly obliquely striated, coarsely punctured between the 
strize ; a broad band of pale golden pubescence on the meso- 
pleurze behind, a patch of the same below the humeral calli, 
and a patch on each side of the median segment at the apex. 
Dorsal surface of the median segment coarsely obliquely 
striate-reticulate. First joint of petiole a little shorter than 
the hind femur and trochanter combined ; second tergite sub- 
triangular, a little longer than its apical breadth. Hind 
femur stout and massive as compared with the allied species ; 
pulvillus large. 

Hab. Southern slopes of Mt. Elgon, 5100 to 5800 ft. CS. A. 
Neave), June 8-13, 1911; Valley of Nzoia River, N. Kavi- 
rondo, 5100-5400 ft. (S. A. Meave), June 5-7, 1911. 

Nearly allied to S. saussurei, Buyss., and S. tuberculiseutis, 
Turn., but is a more robust species, and differs in the simple 
scutellum and postscutellum, which are produced in a lamelli- 
form manner in the two species mentioned. The clypeus is 
very ditferent to that of tuberculiscutis g, also the pronotum, 
and the petiole is shorter. 

Type in British Museum. 


Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial [lymenoptera. 49 


Subfamily Purcanrary 2. 
- Cerceris representans, sp. 1). 


©. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, clypeo, facie lateribus latis- 
sime, carina interantennali, orbitis externis fascia angusta ad 
marginem posteriorem capitis late producta, pronoto fascia inter- 
rupta, tegulis, scutello macula magna utrinque, postscutello, seg- 
mento mediano macula maxima utrinque, tergito primo macula 
magna utrinque, tergitis 2-5 fascia lata antice emarginata, coxis 
posticis supra, trochanteribus posticis, femoribus tibiisque subtus 
flavis; antennis, dimidio apicali supra infuscatis, femoribus 
tibiisque supra tarsisque ferrugineo-testaceis; area pygidiali 
ferruginea ; sternitis 2-5 utrinque macula magna flava, quinto 
sextoque testaceis ; alis subhyalinis, apice leviter infumatis, venis 
ferrugineis. 

Long. 13 mm. 


2. Mandibles with a large triangular tooth on the middle 
of the inner margin, blunt at the apex. Clypeus with a 
porrect lamella, which is free from the base, gradually nar- 
rowed towards the truncate apex and nearly twice as long 
as the apical breadth ; the portion of the clypeus below the 
lamella short and transverse at the apex. Antennee inserted 
about four times as far from the anterior ocellus as from the 
base of the clypeus, interantennal carina well developed, 
second joint of the flagellum half as long again as the third. 
Head large, broader than the thorax, closely punctured, the 
front with a tendency to longitudinal striation. Mesonotum 
and scutellum irregularly longitudinally striate, punctured 
between the striae; mesopleure closely punctured, not tuber- 
culate. Median segment closely punctured; the basal area 
more or less strongly obliquely striated, with a low longi- 
tudinal carinain the middle. First tergite broader than long, 
second sternite without an elevated basal area; all the tergites 
sparsely punctured, the sternites more finely punctured ; 
pygidial area granulate, almost parallel-sided, only a little 
narrowed at the base, nearly three times as long as the 
greatest breadth. 

Hab. Masai Reserve, British Hast Africa, May 20, 1913 
(T. J. Anderson). 2 9? 2. 

In colouring this approaches the European C. ferreri, 
Lind., but is easily distinguished by the straight apex of the 
lamella of the clypeus, the sparse sculpture of the abdomen, 
the shape of the pygidial area, and the yellow spots on the 
seutellum. It is not at all nearly related to any of the 
Ethiopian species of this group described by Dr. Brauns. 

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 4 


50 Geological Society. 


Cerceris barbifera, Bisch. 
Cerceris barbifera, Bisch. Deutsch. Zentr. Afrik. Exp, iii., Zool. i. p. 222 
(1911). 9: 
? Cerceris bagandarum, Turn, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ii. p. 465 
(1918). ¢ 9. 

I think these are identical, but the median lobe of the 
clypeus in bagandarum is much broader and shorter than in 
Bischoff’s figure, which also omits the large triangular tooth 
on the inner side of the mandibles. These differences may be 
due to inaccuracies in the figure, as otherwise the description 
of barbifera agrees well with bagandarum. As I have pre- 
viously suggested, I look on this and also on C. sodalis, 
Turn., as subspecies of C. diodonta, Schlett. 


PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. 
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
December 18th, 1918.—Mr. G, W. Lamplugh, F.R.S., 
President, in the Chair. 


The following communication was read :— 


‘On a Bed of Interglacial Loess and some Pre-Glacial Fresh- 
water Clays on the Durham Coast.’ By Charles Taylor Trechmann, 
D.Sce., F.G.S. 

A few years ago the Author described a bed of Scandinavian 
drift that was found filling up a small pre-Glacial valley-like 
depression at Warren-House Gill on the Durham coast. This 
section and others north and south of it have been kept under 
observation at different times, and several new features have been 
noticed as the high tides and other agencies exposed parts of the 
coast. 

Towards the southern end of the old pre-Glacial valley at 
Warren-House Gill a bed of material, varying from 4 to 12 feet in 
thickness, was found overlying the Magnesian Limestone and also 
the Scandinavian drift. This material has been carefully examined 
chemically and microscopically, and proves to be identical in 
chemical and physical characters with a sample of the true Con- 
tinental loess. It is light brown or fawn in colour, very porous 
and extremely finely divided, and is devoid of plasticity. Towards 
the base, where it has not been disturbed since it was laid down, 
it contains a number of rounded and elongated, often very hard, 
calcareous concretions. In the cliff-section it shows little or no 
trace of bedding, but tends to break down along vertical clefts and 
eracks. It passes upwards into a few feet of material that consists 
of loess which has been partly redeposited by water, and is mixed 
with sand, gravel, and other material derived from the Scandinavian 
drift. 

The bed of loess and redeposited loess-like drift has suffered 


Geological Society. 5I 


much decalcification and weathering; near its surface there was a 
large boulder of Norwegian titaniferous syenite which was super- 
ficially rotted, and decomposed to a considerable depth. Smaller 
granitic erraties in the redeposited loess are generally very much 
rotted. The limestone rubble and stones beneath the loess are 
strongly calereted, apparently by material leached out of the loess. 
In a fissure beneath the loess some mammalian bones were col- 
lected, including astragali of two species of Cervus. It is argued 
that the formation and subsequent decalcification of the loess 
deposit lying upon the Seandinavian drift indicates an Interglacial 
lapse of considerable duration, as great as that which Continental 
geologists call an Interglacial Period, before the overlying English 
and Scottish drift was deposited. 


About 2 miles south of the Scandinavian drift-bed several 
fissures occur in the Magnesian Limestone cliffs and on the fore- 
shore, filled with various materials that were transported in front 
of the earliest ice-sheet that advanced upon this part of the coast. 
The Author has already recorded the occurrence in these fissures 
of Upper Permian red and grey marls and dolomites with clay and 
peaty trees. Continued examination of two of the fissures where 
they are exposed between tide-marks on the shore, resulted in the 
finding of a quantity of freshwater mollusca, ostracoda, and fish- 
remains. Some mammalian remains also occurred, including those 
of an elephant (probably Elephas meridionalis) and of a vole 
(AMimomys). 

Vegetable matter has been washed from various parts of the 
clay. A large number of seeds came from.a single patch of clay, 
and prove to be of Teglian age: they seem to represent a pre- 
Glacial flora, half of the species of which are either exotie or 
extinct. Seeds from other parts of the deposit appear to indicate 
a later horizon, and contain mainly living forms. 

The deposit is a mixed one, and seems to have belonged to a 
series of late Pliocene and early Pleistocene beds that occupied 
part of the present area of the North Sea and were torn up by the 
advancing ice-sheet, like a great glacial erratic, and thrust into the 
fissures. 

The fact that the Scandinavian drift in Durham contains only 
stones of Scandinavian origin has been confirmed, and the marine 
Arctic shells that occur in it were further collected and a few 
additions to the faunal list were made. The most interesting of 
these is Cyrtodaria siliqua Spengler, an American shell which 
has been recorded hitherto in Great Britain only from the Caith- 
ness Boulder Clays. 

All the deposits described above are overlain and overridden by 
the main mass of local Cheviot and Northern drift that caps the 
cliffs of the Durham coast. 


A suggested correlation of the Durham sequence with the 
European drifts is attempted, and it is concluded that the fringe 
of the Scandinavian ice-cap that reached the Durham coast pro- 
bably corresponds with that of the second and greatest glaciation 


52 Geological Society. 


of Scandinavia, which some Continental geologists correlate with 
the Riss Stage of the Alps. 

In that ease, the main local drift of the north-eastern coast falls 
into the third and last Glacial Period of Northern Europe. ‘The 
evidence for Interglacial lapses in the local drifts is very in- 
conclusive. 

All the observed features seem to point to the fact that the 
Scandinavian ice-sheet advanced on the east coast of England in 
the same way as it invaded Northern Europe round the southern 
shores of the Baltic, and gave rise to analogous climatic conditions 
leading to the formation of loess, a fragment of which is found 
protected from the erosive action of the later local glaciation in a 
small hollow on the Durham coast. 


June 4th, 1919.—Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.RS., 
President, in the Chair. 
The following communication was read :— 


‘On the Dentition of the Petalodont Shark, Climaxodus.’ 
By Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., P.L.S., F.G.S. 


The author describes the nearly complete dentition of a new 
species of Climaxodus from the Calciferous Sandstone of Calder- 
side, near Hast Kilbride (Lanarkshire), now in the Royal Scottish 
Museum, Edinburgh. Nearly all the teeth are borne on the 
symphysis of the jaw, only the outer paired longitudinal series 
extending a little farther back over the rami. There are from 
three to five longitudinal series, each of five or six teeth of the 
ordinary Climaxodus-type, covering the greater part of the sym- 
physis; and the flanking paired series, which extends farther 
back, comprises more depressed teeth, in which the cutting-edge 
forms a low blunt ridge. The two jaws are nearly similar; but, as 
in Janassa, the upper seems to have been slightly wider than the 
lower jaw. The teeth rapidly increase in size backwards, also as 
in Janassa, but they must have been all retained in the mouth 
throughout life; while in Janassa only a single transverse row 
would be in function at one time, the older teeth being thrust 
beneath to form a supporting base. Climavodus and Janassa 
are thus two distinct genera. These Petalodonts are especially 
noteworthy among the Elasmobranchii, because during the greater 
part of the life of each individual there cannot have been more 
than six or eight teeth in succession, a condition remarkably 
different from. that in all ordinary sharks and skates in which 
the successional teeth are always very numerous and rapidly 
replaced. The same limited tooth-succession is to be observed 
in the Carboniferous Cochliodontide, and perhaps also in the 
contemporaneous Psammodontidee. Most of the teeth of Cl7- 
maxodus are also interesting as showing a restricted area of 
highly vascular dentine much resembling a tritor in the dental 
plate of an ordinary Chimeroid. This character in Elasmobranch 
teeth which are peculiar for their slow and scanty succession, may 
have some special significance in connexion with the origin of the 
Chimeeroids. 


KK 


THE ANNALS 


AND 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, 


(NINTH SERIES, ] 


No. 20. AUGUST 1919. 


VIII.—Deseriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies 
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Grorer F. Hampson, 
Bart., F.Z.S., &e. 


(Continued from vol. iii. p. 547.] 


(24) Diatrea flavilinealis, sp. n. 


do. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with dark brown, 
the last with some fulvous yellow on dorsum towards base ; palpi, 
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused with dark 
brown. Fore wing white tinged with brown and irrorated with 
rather large black-brown scales ; an orange-yellow line curved from 
costa beyond middle to lower angle of cell, then oblique to middle 
of inner margin ; an orange-yellow subterminal line ; cilia white at 
base, with fuscous line near base, the tips yellowish mixed with 
dark brown. Hind wing whitish suffused with pale reddish brown, 
the cilia whiter. Underside suffused with pale red-brown. 

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mlanje Plateau, 6500’ (Neave), 16 
type. EHxp.16 mm. 


(26) Diatrea perpulverea, sp. n. 


¢. Head and thorax white mixed with some dark reddish brown ; 
abdomen white tinged with brown ; antenne brown, white above ; 
palpi reddish brown mixed with black. Fore wing white tinged 
with reddish brown and thickly irrorated with dark brown; 
indistinct curved dark medial and subterminal lines; a terminal 


Ann. ds Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 5 


54 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


series of black points. Hind wing glossy white with a fine dark 
terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and costal area of 
hind wing suffused with reddish brown. 


Hab. N. Nieerta, Minna (Macfie), 3 o type. Exp. 20 mm. 


(28) Diatrea argyrolepia, sp. n. 

3. Head and thorax fulvous yellow tinged with dark brown ; 
abdomen whitish tinged with ochreous brown; palpi suffused with 
dark brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused 
with ochreous brown. Fore wing fulvous yellow irrorated with 
black-brown and metallic silver scales; some dark brown suffusion 
on basal costal area and more or less distinct dark streaks on basal 
area above and below discal and submedian folds; a more or less 
complete medial series of small black spots with metallic silver 
scales on them defined on outer side by a fulvous line, excurved to 
lower angle of cell, then incurved ; the postmedial area with black 
streaks in the interspaces or black suffusion irrorated with silver 
scales except towards costa and inner margin; a curved fulvous 
yellow subterminal line defined on outer side by black points with 
silver scales on them; a terminal series of small black spots 
intersected by yellow on the veins; cilia fuscous suffused with 
metallic silver. Hind wing creamy white faintly tinged with 
brown; a terminal series of slight black striz to vein 2. Under- 
side suffused with dark reddish brown except on inner area of hind 
wing. 

@. Fore wing yellow diffused with rufous and irrorated with 
dark brown, without the dark suffusion and streaks, the medial 
series of spots sometimes almost obsolete, the subterminal series 
and the terminal series of points distinct; the underside of fore 
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with pale red-brown 
except on terminal area. 

Hab. Goutp Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 1 6,3 9, Kumasi 
(Sanders), 1 9 ; 8S. Nigerta (Dudgeon), 1 9 ; Br. E. Arrica, 
Victoria Nyanza, Port Ugowe (Johnston), 1 2 ; Br. C. Arrica, 
Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 2 5, 4 2 type; PorrucuEsE EK. Arrica, 
Port Amelia (Beste), 1 ¢, Kola Valley (Neave), 2 9, Ruo Valley 
(Neave), 1 9 ; Natvat,1 2, Weenen, 1d, Durban (Leigh),1 9; 
Care Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett), 13,192. xp. 
3 20, 9 20-80 mm. 


(29) Diatrea mesoplagalis, sp. n. 


Head and thorax pale ochreous, the patagia irrorated with black ; 
abdomen creamy white tinged with ochreous ; antenne blackish 
except above ; palpi with black mixed; legs irrorated with black. 
Fore wing pale ochreous irrorated with black, the inner and 
terminal areas less strongly irrorated, the costal area tinged with 
rufous; a curved maculate medial band from just below costa to 
submedian fold irrorated with silver defined by black and with a 
patch of black suffusion beyond it; two slight black discoidal spots 


Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 55 


and the veins beyond the cell defined by slight black streaks; a 
eurved punctiform silver subterminal line; a terminal series of 
minute black lunules ; cilia with fuscous and silvery scales mixed 
and with a slight black line near base. Hind wing silvery white. 
Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with 
red-brown. 

Hab. Sterra Leone (Olements), 2 3 type; N. Niagerta, 
Ilorin (Macfie), 1 2, Zungeru (Macfie), 3 9; Uacanna, 
Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole),1 29. Hup., d 22, 2 26 mm. 


(31) Diatrea argentisparsalis, sp. n. 


Head and thorax yellow mixed with red-brown; abdomen 
ereamy white, the ventral surface yellowish. Fore wing yellow 
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with a few black-brown and 
silver seales ; a small black discoidal spot and two minute brown 
and silver spots below end of cell with a fulvous bar on their outer 
side; an indistinct curved fulvous subterminal line; a terminal 
series of minute black spots; cilia blackish mixed with silver. 
Hind wing glossy white slightly tinged with ochreous. Underside 
of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with red- 
brown. 

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 3 5,1 Q type; 
MasHonatann (Dobbie), 1 9. Hxp., 3.18, 9 20-22 mm. 


(32) Diatrea perfusalis, sp. n. 


Q@. Head and thorax yellowish suffused with deep red-brown ; 
abdomen brownish white; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of 
abdomen suffused with red-brown. Fore wing yellowish strongly 
suffused with deep red-brown ; two small almost conjoined black 
discoidal spots with a diffused dark brown fascia from them to 
the indistinct rather diffused curved dark subterminal line; a 
terminal series of minute black spots. Hind wing creamy white 
with a slight brown terminal line to submedian fold. Underside 
of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused with red- 
brown. 

Hab. S. Ni@erta, Yorubaland, Ogbomoso (Sir G. Carter), 
2 2 type. Hap. 26 mm. 


(33) Diatrea costifusalis, sp. n. 


Head and thorax creamy white mixed with black; abdomen 
creamy white, the ventral surface brown ; pectus and legs suffused 
‘with red-brown. Fore wing creamy white tinged with rufous, the 
costal area broadly suffused with bright red-brown; the basal area 
below the cell sparsely irrorated with large dark brown and silvery 
scales and the inner margin towards tornus irrorated with black- 
brown ; a small spot formed by blackish and silvery scales in 
middle of cell and a curved medial series of similar spots between 
subcostal nevure and vein 1; two small black discoidal spots ; a 


5* 


56 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


subterminal series of minute silver and black spots, hardly traceable 
on costal half; a terminal series of small black spots; cilia black 
mixed with whitish. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore 
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. 

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 ¢,1 Q type. 
Exp. 26 mm. 


Genus CHILOPSIS, nov. 
Type, C. squamata. 


Proboscis small; palpi obliquely porrect, extending about the 
length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi triangularly 
dilated with scales; frons smooth, with small tuft of hair; 
antenne of male minutely serrate and fasciculate; tibie fringed 
with rather long hair. Fore wing narrow, the costa slightly 
arched, the apex somewhat produced, the termen obliquely curved ; 
vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from just above angle, 
the discocellulars curved; 6, 7 very shortly stalked or from cell; 
8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell; the cell on underside clothed with 
long scales. Hind wing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell; 
4, 5 from angle or stalked; the discocellulars angled; 6, 7 from 
from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8. 


Chilopsis squamata, sp. n. 


do. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with red-brown, the 
patagia with a few black scales; abdomen red-brown to beyond 
middle, then ochreous suffused with red-brown, the ventral surface 
ochreous irrorated with brown. Fore wing ochreous suffused with 
red-brown and irrorated with large raised black-tipped scales, the 
costal area browner; an indistinct diffused slightly sinuous and 
very oblique brown line from just beyond the cell to inner margin 
before middle; a more distinct diffused oblique postmedial brown 
line, slightly excurved below veins 7 and 2; a terminal series of 
minute black spots; cilia tipped with black except towards tornus. 
Hind wing ochreous whitish tinged with brown, the inner area 
suffused with deep red-brown; a brown postmedial shade; a 
brown terminal line; cilia with a brown line through them; the 
underside with small black-brown discoidal spot, the postmedial 
line obsolescent below vein 5. 

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo,1 ¢ type. Exp. 64 mm. 

Doratoperas vinasella, Schaus, from Costa Rica, belongs to the 
same genus, also Chilo incanellus, Hampson, from Brazil, and 
C. nigristigmellus, Hampson, from Brazil. 


(1 6) Chilo albimarginalis, sp. n. 


@. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous; pectus, legs, and 
ventral surface of abdomen whitish tinged with rufous, the last 
with subventral series of dark brown points except towards 
extremity. Fore wing whitish suffused with pale rufous and 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 57 


sparsely irrorated with large dark brown scales, the costal area 
rather whiter, the terminal area white irrorated with dark brown ; 
black points at middle of costa, at upper angle of cell, and middle 
of discocellulars ; a postmedial series of blackish striz, oblique to 
vein 7, excurved to below vein 5, then very oblique to middle of 
inner margin with a slight angle inwards at submedian fold; a 
subterminal series of blackish strie, bent outwards below costa, 
forming a short streak to the postmedial series at discal fold, and 
strongly incurved below vein 3; a terminal series of black points. 
Hind wing whitish suffused with pale red-brown, the costal area 
white to near apex; a terminal series of dark brown stria except 
towards tornus; cilia white. Underside of fore wing whitish 
suffused with brown except on inner area, the subterminal series 
of strie present but almost obsolete below vein 3; hind wing white 
slightly tinged with brown, a brownish subterminal line to vein 2, 
bent inwards to costa where there is a black point. 
Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 2 type. Exp. 44 mm. 


(1c) Chilo diffusifascia, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax pale glossy yellow, the sides of head and 
tegule and the patagia suffused with brown; abdomen glossy 
yellow, with subdorsal tufts of white hair at base; antennze 
brown; palpi suffused with red-brown; pectus and legs whitish 
tinged with brown. Fore wing glossy ochreous yellow irrorated 
with brown; a diffused red-brown fascia from base in and below 
the cell to termen where it extends from just below apex to 
submedian fold; a minute black-brown discoidal spot slightly 
irrorated with white and defined on outer side by some white; 
traces of a curved brown postmedial line; a terminal series of dark 
points with white points beyond them at base of cilia, which are 
‘deep glossy red-brown. Hind wing glossy white faintly tinged 
with ochreous ; a slight brownish terminal line to vein 2. Under- 
side white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with 
red-brown except on terminal area. 

Hab. Unveuayr, Monte Video (de la Garde), 1 2 type. Exp. 
52 mm. 


(10 b) Chilo pyrocaustalis, sp. n. 


Head and thorax fiery red; abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd 
segments dorsally fulvous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of 
abdomen whitish suffused with red. Fore wing fiery red, the 
veins whitish ; the medial area with two slight. brownish spots 
below the cell and two on vein 1; two faint oblique brownish 
strie from middle of costa to and to beyond upper angle of cell, 
then an oblique postmedial series of minute dentate marks on the 
veins; a subterminal series of minute dentate brownish marks on 
the veins; cilia with a dark line near base, the tips silvery white. 
Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area 
of hind wing suffused with rufous. 


58 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


Hab. W. Arnica (Dudgeon), 2 9 ; S. Nramrta, Lagos ( Bray), 
1 3; N. Nieerta, Minna (Macfie), 1 $,1 Q type, Zungeru 
(Macfie),3 2. Exp. gb 20-22, 2 26-30 mm. 


(10 d) Chilo rufulalis, sp. n. 


@. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with brownish 
rufous, the last with the 2nd and 38rd segments dorsally suffused 
with fulvous. Fore wing ochreous uniformly suffused with 
brownish rufous, the inner area with slight dark irroration ; the 
cilia brown. Hind wing ocherous white with a slight brownish 
tinge; a faint brownish terminal line to vein 2. 


Hab. Ur. BurMa, Kinyua (Bingham), 1 Q type. Hep. 36 mm. 


(11 a) Chilo mesostrigalis, sp. n. 


Head white; thorax and abdomen whitish tinged with red- 
brown ; antennz, palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen 
white tinged with brown. Fore wing white slightly tinged with 
reddish brown and sparsely irrorated with blackish scales ; a series 
of five black striz, arising at discal fold just beyond the cell, 
angled outwards beyond lower angle, then very oblique to middle 
of submedian fold ; a rather interrupted black postmedial line, 
strongly excurved below costa, then obliquely curved; a terminal 
series of black points. Hind wing white slightly tinged with 
brown. Underside white slightly tinged with brown. 

Hab. PortueuEsE E. Arrica, Kola Valley (eave), 1 o, 
Ruo Valley (Weave), 1 Q type. Exp. 36 mm. 


(15 a) Chilo submedianalis, sp. n. 


3. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white tinged with red- 
brown. Fore wing ochreous white suffused with red-brown, the 
terminal half of costa whiter ; some darker brown suffusion in and 
beyond end of cell and in basal half of submedian fold interrupted 
by a medial white spot; an indistinct narrow whitish subterminal 
band. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia whiter. 
Underside ochreous white tinged with red-brown. 

Hab, Cryuton, Batticaloa (Green), 1 3 type. Exp. 24 mm. 


(15 ¢) Chilo ascriptalis, sp. n. 


Head and thorax white tinged with reddish brown; abdomen 
white; pectus and legs white faintly tinged with brown. Fore 
wing white tinged with reddish brown; a minute black discoidal 
point and terminal series of slight black points. Hind wing 
glossy white. Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind 
wing tinged with red-brown, 

Hab. N. Niaerta, Minna (Macfie), 1 9; Uaanpa, Gondo- 
koro (Reymes-Cole), 3 3,8 2 type; Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje 
(Neave),1 9. Hzxp., g 20-24, 9 22-28 mm. 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 59 


(15 d) Chilo gemininotalis, sp. n. 


9. Head and thorax red-brown with a greyish tinge; abdomen 
whitish tinged with red-brown; palpi irrorated with dark brown ; 
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the legs slightly 
tinged with red-brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with red- 
brown and irrorated with large blackish scales except on basal and 
terminal areas and in submedian fold; a diffused blackish fascia 
along median nervure; a terminal series of small black spots 
bisected with white; cilia red-brown at base, whitish glossed with 
silver at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside white, the 
fore wing and costal area of hind wing faintly tinged with rufous. 

Hab. Cacuar, Kanny Koory, 1 9 type. Exp. 30 mm. 


(25a) Chilo strigatellus, sp. n. 


White; sides of palpi and antenne and streaks on tegule 
cupreous brown. Fore wing with the veins, except on costal and 
inner areas, and also the submedian fold streaked with brown, 
sometimes reduced in places to series of scales; a discoidal spot ; 
a fine terminal line and a line through the cilia. Hind wing 
slightly tinged with brown ; a fine terminal line. 

Hab. W. Ausrrata, Sherlock R, (Clements), 3 3,1 Q type. 
Exp., 6 16, 2 20 mm. 


(25d) Chilo argyrostola, sp. n. 


@. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the sides of frons 
and palpi except at base red-brown ; legs tinged with red-brown. 
Wings uniform silvery white, the underside of fore wing tinged 
with red-brown except on inner and terminal areas. 

Hab, Venezveta (Dyson), 1 92 type. Hap. 22 mm. 


(266) Chilo phlebitalis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax white tinged with red-brown at sides ; 
abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally rufous ; 
antenne red-brown except above; palpi, pectus, and legs tinged 
with red-brown. Fore wing silvery white irrorated with red-brown, 
the scales forming slight streaks defining the veins above and below, 
the costal area tinged with red-brown leaving the costal edge white ; 
a black discoidal point; a slight dark terminal line ; cilia white 
with fine dark lines near base and tips. Hind wing silvery white 
with a slight dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing 
and the costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown. 

Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1d, 
Ocampo, Santa Fé (Wagner), 2 3 type. Hap. 16-20 mm. 


60 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


(26 c) Chilo calamistis, sp. n. 


@. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white ; palpi slightly 
irrorated with brown. Fore wing whitish tinged with red-brown 
and slightly irrorated with brown; faint white streaks irrorated 
with black in discal and submedian folds; a black discoidal point ; 
a terminal series of black points, the point above tornus rather 
larger. Hind wing white tinged with brownish ochreous. Under- 
side tinged with red-brown, the inner area of hind wing white. 

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 2, Godman-Salvin Coll. ; 
ArGeENntINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 4 Q type. Lap. 
22-28 mm. 


(26d) Chilo leptigrammalis, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown ; 
palpi strongly irrorated with brown. Fore wing white tinged with 
reddish brown and rather thickly irrorated with black; the costa 
whiter, the discal and submedian folds and interspaces beyond the 
cell with white streaks irrorated with black ; a black discoidal point ; 
traces of a dark postmedial line angled outwards at discal and 
submedian folds ; a fine double dark subterminal line filled in with 
white, strongly bent inwards to costa, then closely approximated 
.to the termen and minutely waved; a terminal series of rather 
lunulate black points slightly defined on inner side by white ;, cilia 
with a dark line near base, the tips browner. Hind wing glossy 
white slightly tinged with ochreous brown except on inner area; a 
fine dark terminal line to vein 2. Underside of fore wing and 
costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown, the terminal 
area whiter. 

Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 4 3,2 2 
type. Hap, 24-32 mm. 


(26) Chilo leucocraspis, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax white, tinged with rufous at sides; 
abdomen white, the 2nd to 4th segments dorsally suffused with 
rufous ; antenne rufous; palpi irrorated with brown ; pectus, legs, 
and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. 
Fore wing pale rufous, the inner area white slightly rorated with 
brown ; the costal edge white on terminal half; a black discoidal 
point and slight oblique brown striga above it from costa ; a curved 
white subterminal line slightly defined on inner side by brown; a 
terminal series of black points ; cilia with a dark line near base, the 
tips pure white except at tornus. Hind wing silvery white; a 
terminal series of slight black points to vein 2. Underside of fore 
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with pale red-brown, 
the hind wing with blackish discoidal point. 

Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 9 type. 
Exp. 28 mm. 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 61 


(28) Chilo argentifascia, sp. n. 


Q. Head ochreous white, pale rufous at sides and behind ; 
thorax pale rufous, the patagia silvery white; abdomen white 
tinged with brownish ochreous; antenne tinged with rufous ; 
pectus and legs white tinged with brownish ochreous. Fore wing 
pale rufous ; the costal edge silvery white, expanding into a narrow 
fascia from before middle to apex; a broad silvery white fascia 
edged by slight dark brown lines from base, where it extends to the 
inner margin, in and below the cell and thence to the termen below 
apex and to the cilia. Hind wing silvery white, the inner area 
faintly tinged with brown. Underside glossy white, the costal area 
of both wings faintly tinged with rufous. 

Hab. W. Ausrratia, Sherlock R. (Clements), 2 2 type. Eup. 
30 mm. 


(2) Leucargyra xanthoceps, sp. n. 


Head, tegule, and some of the hair on prothorax orange-yellow, 
the rest of thorax white ; abdomen white tinged with orange-yellow, 
the 2nd and 38rd segments dorsally fulvous ; antenne with the shaft 
white above ; palpi fuscous brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface 
of abdomen white, the fore legs fuscous brown in front, the cox 
yellow and white at base. Wings uniform silvery white above 
and below. 

Hab. Prrv, Yahuarmayo,2d,19 type. L£zxp., 550, 974mm. 


(6a) *Eschata irrorata, sp. n. 


Q@. Pure white; palpi blackish except at tips; antenne brown; 
fore tibie orange fringed with white; tarsi orange ringed with 
white ; abdomen with dorsal orange patch on 2nd and 38rd seg- 
ments; wings silvery white. Fore wing with faint traces of a 
sinuous golden medial line from vein 2 to inner margin; a curved 
subterminal golden line, the area on its inner side broadly irrorated 
with large black scales, extending on inner area to the medial line ; 
cilia reddish golden. 

Hab. Assam, Khasis, type in Coll. Rothschild. Hap. 52 mm. 


(2) Doratoperas fulvescens, sp. n. 


3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with red-brown, 
the head whiter in front, the thorax irrorated with dark brown ; 
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red- 
brown. Fore wing whitish suffused with fulvous brown and 
sparsely irrorated with large black scales, the costal area rather 
whiter to beyond middle; the medial area with oblique rufous 
shade from subcostal nervure to vein 1; a black discoidal point ; 
an indistinct rather diffused brownish postmedial line, arising below 
the costa, excurved to vein 4, then very oblique to middle of inner 


62 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


margin ; an indistinct curved slightly waved brownish subterminal 
line; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing whitish 
suffused with red-brown, the costal area whiter to near apex; a 
terminal series of black points to submedian fold. Underside 
whitish tinged with rufous, the costal area of both wings slightly 
irrorated with black. 

Hab. Prrv, Yahuarmayo, 3 d type. Exp. 36-42 mm. 


(8) Doratoperas xanthotherma, sp. n. 


3. Head brownish white, the antenne brown, the palpi fulvous 
yellow; thorax dorsally brownish white, the tegule with brown 
subdorsal stripes, the tegule at sides and patagia chrome-yellow 
tinged with rufous and with brown stripe above ; abdomen dorsally 
blackish brown, the anal tuft white; pectus, legs, and ventral 
surface of abdomen white, the fore tibize with tufts of blackish 
hair, the tarsi fulvous. Fore wing chrome-yellow, the inner area 
suffused with rufous from before middle, expanding to vein 2 
beyond the postmedial line and at termen to vein 3, the rest of 
wing irrorated with a few brown scales; a minute red-brown 
discoidal spot ; the postmedial line represented by slight obliquely 
placed rufous spots on veins 4and 8 and a rather diffused red-brown 
line angled inwards below vein 2 near its origin and below vein 1 
bent inwards to inner margin before middle; a terminal series of 
dark red-brown points ; cilia pure white at base, dark brown at tips, 
wholly brown towards tornus. Hind wing pale yellow, the apical 
area whitish, the inner area tinged with red-brown; a terminal 
series of slight dark points to below vein 3; cilia white, tinged 
with red-brown towards tornus. Underside white with a slight 
rufous tinge on costa of fore wing and inner area of both wings, 


Hab, Prru, Yahuarmayo, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 66 mm, 


(ld) Mesolia albimaculalis, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax black-brown mixed with some white ; 
abdomen red-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen 
white, the legs with some blackish scales and the tarsi banded with 
black. Fore wing cupreous red-brown; a diffused white ante- 
medial shade with a short blackish streak beyond it above vein 1 ; 
a white spot at middle of costa and diffused sinuous line from 
diseal fold to inner margin ; a triangular white spot from costa at 
end of cell, its apex indenting a blackish discoidal spot with a 
minute white point at lower angle of cell and some silvery scales 
beyond it; a subterminal white bar from costa and series of small 
dentate white marks on veins 6 to 2 defined on outer side by 
minute black spots; a white bar from costa before apex, its outer 
edge indented and a series of small conical spots on termen from 
below vein 6 to above tornus; cilia white with a black line near 
base and dark tips towards apex, then cupreous brown. Hind wing 
glossy grey-brown, the cilia with dark line near base and white tips 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 63 


to discal fold. Underside grey-brown, the costa of fore wing white 
towards apex. ; 


Hab. N. Nieerta, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2 type. Hap. 18mm. 


(2a) Masolia presidialis, sp. n. 
Mesolia plurimella, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 297 (part.), nee Wlk. 


Antenne of male with short branches. 

Head and thorax red-brown nixed with grey ; abdomen whitish 
suffused with red-brown, the extremity whiter; palpi with some 
white at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white 
faintly tinged with brown, the tarsi banded with brown. Fore 
wing red-brown mixed with grey ; a diffused antemedial dark brown 
patch on vein 1; an obscure diffused dark medial line, arising at 
median nervure, angled outwards at submedian fold and inwards at 
vein 1 ; postmedial line diffused dark red-brown, oblique and defined 
on inner side by whitish to vein 6, where it is angled outwards, 
angled outwards and forming diffused dentate patches above vein 1 
and inner margin, a dark point beyond it above vein 6; sub- 
terminal line silvery whitish defined on each side by red-brown, 
curved, a small white spot beyond it on costa and patch at middle 
with oblique black streak above it and longitudinal streak below it ; 
an oblique white subapical streak and striga on termen below apex ; 
cilia red-brown to the hook with a white striga below apex and 
streak above the hook, then white tinged with red-brown. Hind 
wing whitish suffused with brown, the cilia white. Underside of 
fore wing red-brown. 

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 13, 1 Q type, Godman- 
Salvin Coll. Huxp., ¢ 20, 2 22 mm. 


(26) Mesolia diaperatalis, sp. n. 
Mesolia plurimella, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het, ii. p. 297 (part.), nec W1k. 


Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; palpi white at base ; 
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red- 
brown. Fore wing red-brown slightly mixed with whitish ; 
postmedial line deep red-brown, arising below the costa, waved to 
submedian fold, then strongly incurved and forming a small diffused 
patch on inner area, veins 6 to 2 beyond it with obscure dark 
streaks ; subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown, 
oblique to discal fold and with an oblique white streak beyond it 
across apical area, incurved below discal fold and waved below 
vein 3; a bilunulate white mark before middle of termen; cilia 
white to the hook with a black line at middle, then white at base, 
brown at tips. Hind wing whitish strongly suffused with red- 
brown, the cilia whiter. Underside whitish suffused with red- 
brown, the fore wing with the costa white towards apex. 

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 9 type, Godman-Salvin 
Coll. Hap. 24 mm. 


64 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


(2c) Mesolia gamaicensis, sp. n. 


Antenne of male serrate. 

¢. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey; antenne 
blackish ; abdomen whitish suffused with brown ; pectus, legs, and 
ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing red-brown varie- 
gated with white ; an incurved medial white line from cell to inner 
margin with a diffused dark patch beyond it in submedian inter- 
space; a red-brown postmedial line, bent inwards to costa; 
subterminal line silvery white defined on each side by red-brown, 
bent inwards to costa, a white patch beyond it between discal and 
submedian folds with short black streaks above and below it and 
one at middle; an oblique dentate white subapical mark; a red- 
brown terminal line ; cilia pure white with blackish lines near base 
and at tips to the hook, then red-brown with some white at base. 
Hind wing white tinged with red-brown. Underside white, the 
fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown. 

Hab. Jamaica (Gosse), 1 d type, Mandeville (Cockerell), 
13. Hap. 16 mm. 


(1b) Prionopteryx sinensis, sp. n. 


Antenne of male serrate and fasciculate. 

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown slightly mixed with 
whitish ; palpi red-brown and white ; pectus, legs, and ventral sur- 
face of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing red- 
brown mixed with some white, especially on inner area; an 
antemedial patch of black-brown scales above inner margin ; 
postmedial line red-brown, oblique to discal fold where it is angled 
outwards, then incurved and angled outwards at submedian fold ; 
subterminal line white defined on each side by red-brown, very 
oblique to discal fold, then incurved and excurved below vein 2, a 
whitish patch beyond it before middle of termen with small dentate 
blackish mark on it at vein 4 and short streaks below veins 3 and 2. 
Hind wing red-brown with a greyish tinge. Underside red-brown 
tinged with grey. 

Hab. W. Cuina, Chang-Yang (Pratt), 1 dtype. Hxp. 18 mm. 


(4b) Prionopteryx brevivittalis, sp. n. 


Head and thorax dark reddish brown mixed with grey-white ; 
abdomen white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antenne with the 
branches black; palpi with black mixed; pectus and legs white 
tinged with brown, the tarsi brown tinged with white. Fore wing 
with the costal half red-brown mixed with white, the inner half 
white irrorated with red-brown ; a subbasal series of slight oblique 
black marks in and below the cell and above inner margin, the last 
met by a streak from base; a slight black mark above middle of 
median nervure ; a dentate white medial line defined on inner side 
by two small black lunules in the cell and on outer by red-brown 


Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 65 


and black; two slight black spots beyond the cell; subterminal 
line white defined on each side by red-brown with slight black 
marks before it below costa and at middle, obliquely excurved to 
discal fold, then incurved and slightly angled outwards at vein 1, 
a series of white spots beyond it from costa to vein 2 with short 
black streaks between them; the terminal area red-brown finely 
pencilled with white; cilia white with a red-brown line through 
them and red-brown tips to the hook, then white with the tips 
tinged with red-brown. Hind wing white slightly tinged with 
red-brown ; a red-brown terminal line to submedian fold; cilia 
pure white. Underside of fore wing brown with a series of diffused 
white spots before termen ; hind wing with the costal area tinged 
with brown. 

Hab. Transvyaat, Gemsbokfontein (Janse), 1 3, Rietfontein 
(Janse), 2 5,1 2 type, Van der Merwe’s farm (Janse), 1 3; 
Narat, Durban (Leigh), 1 5,192; Orange R. Colony, Bloem- 
fontein (Hekersley), 2 $. Exp. 24-26 mm. 


(4c) Prionopteryx mesozonalis, sp. n. 


9. Head and thorax pale red-brown mixed with white; abdo- 
men white dorsally tinged with red-brown towards base ; palpi with 
some blackish mixed ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen 
white tinged with red-brown, the tarsi red-brown ringed with 
white. Fore wing white mostly suffused with red-brown and 
irrorated with blackish; an oblique red-brown antemedial line, 
arising below the costa and with some black before it in the cell ; 
a white medial line defined on outer side by black and on inner by 
a diffused black band, angled outwards in the cell and waved below 
it ; a black discoidal point ; postmedial line white, defined on inner 
side by blackish and with a black patch beyond it on costa, angled 
outwards at discal fold, then incurved and angled inwards at vein 1; 
a highly dentate white subterminal line with short black streaks 
beyond it in the interspaces from below costa to vein 1 ; cilia white 
with a line near base, black to the hook, then red-brown, and 
blackish line near tips. Hind wing silvery white with a very faint 
red-brown tinge. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind 
wing tinged with red-brown. 

Hab. Argentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 2 type. 
Hap. 26 mm. 


(49) Prionopteryx albirufalis, sp. n. 


?. Head and thorax white mixed with some red-brown ; abdo- 
men white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antennz ringed with 
blackish ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the 
fore tibie and the tarsi banded with red-brown. Fore wing white 
irorated with red-brown ; some black irroration on antemedial area 
from below costa to inner margin, somewhat angled outwards in 
the cell; a somewhat dentate white medial line defined on outer 


66 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


side by a diffused dark red-brown band; subterminal line white 
defined on each side by red-brown, oblique to discal fold, then 
incurved and minutely dentate, a small black spot beyond it below 
costa ; a fine red-brown terminal line with two minute black spots 
before it at middle; cilia white with a fine red-brown line near 
base to submedian fold and the tips tinged with red-brown at 
middle. Hind wing silvery white faintly tinged with red-brown, 
the cilia pure white. Underside white, the fore wing tinged with 
red-brown on costal half. 

Hab. Supan, Port Sudan (Waterfield), 1 9 type. Hap. 
18 mm. 


(4h) Prionopteryx rubricalis, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax rufous slightly mixed with whitish ; abdo- 
men whitish suffused with rufous; antenne blackish ringed with 
white ; palpi red-brown mixed with white, blackish at extremity ; 
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with 
red-brown, the tarsi red-brown ringed with white. Fore wing 
rufous irrorated with white ; a small antemedial white spot above 
inner margin; small medial white spots on costa and in cell and 
above and below vein 1; diffused blackish spots in and beyond end 
of cell with a white spot between them on the discocellulars ; a 
postmedial series of small white spots, somewhat incurved below 
the costa and excurved beyond the cell; a terminal series of small 
blackish spots defined on inner side by a lunulate white line; cilia 
red-brown and white. Hind wing whitish tinged with rufous, the 
cilia white with a red-brown line near base and some red-brown at 
tips. Underside whitish suffused with rufous. 

Hab. N. -Nieerta, Zungeru (Macfie, Simpson), 5 2 type. 
Exp. 20 mm. 


(56) Prionopteryx microdontalis, sp. n. 


Antenne of male uniserrate ; hind wing with veins 4, 5 stalked. 

Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some white; abdomen 
white, dorsally tinged with red-brown towards base; antenne 
blackish ; palpi banded with blackish; pectus and legs white 
tinged with red-brown, the fore tibize and the tarsi banded blackish 
and white. Fore wing red-brown mixed with whitish, a whitish 
fascia in submedian interspace ; a blackish subbasal mark above 
inner margin with traces of the angled whitish antemedial line on 
its outer side; a rather diffused curved red-brown postmedial line, 
interrupted at submedian fold and with short blackish fascia before 
it on vein 1, defined on inner side by a white bar from costa; sub- 
terminal line whitish, very oblique and defined on inner side by 
red-brown to discal fold, then dentate and defined on inner side 
by minute dentate black marks, the area beyond it blackish below 
discal fold, the apical area red-brown with a sinuous white streak 
across it; a fine black terminal line defined on inner side by white 


Pyralide: of the Subfamily Crambinee. 67 


below the hook; cilia white at base, red-brown at tips and with 
black line near base to the hook. Hind wing white faintly tinged 
with red-brown. Underside suffused with red-brown. 

Hab. Sirrra Leone, Mano (Dudgeon), 12; Gorn Coast 
(Dudgeon),1 3 ; S. Nreerta, Lagos (Dudgeon), 2 2, Old Calabar 
(Miss Kingsley, Sampson), 23,19, Warri Distr. (Claydon), 
1 2; N. Nieerra, Borgu, Yelwa L. (Migeod), 1 9. Exp. 
18-22 mm. 


Genus PARANCYLA, nov. 
Type, P. argyrothysana. 


Proboscis fully developed; palpi downcurved, extending about 
the length of head and thickly scaled ; maxillary palpi dilated with 
scales; frons smooth, with ridge of scales above ; antenne of male 
laminate and minutely ciliated. Fore wing rather long and narrow, 
the apex rounded, the termen somewhat excised below discal fold ; 
vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4,5 from angle; 6 from 
below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell, 
the latter becoming coincident with 12. Hind wing with veins 
8 and 5 from angle of cell, 4 absent; 6 obsolescent from well 
below upper angle ; 8 anastomosing with 7. 

In key differs from Surattha in vein 11 becoming coincident 
with 12. 


Parancyla argyrothysana, sp. n. 


$. Head white, the antenne blackish except above, the palpi 
tinged with brown and slightly irrorated with black, the tips black ; 
thorax white tinged with red-brown and slightly irrorated with black; 
abdomen white tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral sur- 
face of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing white 
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with black; a small rather 
annulate blackish discoidal spot; a metallic silver subterminal line 
defined on inner side by a pale rufous line, slightly excurved below 
costa; the terminal area rather whiter with a terminal series of black 
points ; cilia metallic silver, tinged with brown at tips. Hind 
wing white tinged with red-brown, the cilia whiter. Underside 
white tinged with red-brown. 

2. More strongly suffused with red-brown. 

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 4 3, 4 2 type, 
Ruo Valley (Neave),1 9. Hap., 5 22, 9 32-38 mm. 


(la) Surattha africalis, sp. n. 


3. White irrorated with fuscous ; branches of antenne blackish. 
Fore wing with a subbasal series of patches of black scales between 
the veins; a medial sinuous white line defined by black on either 
-side; a prominent white discoidal spot with black suffusion be- 
tween it and the medial line ; a subterminal minutely waved black 
line obtusely angled at middle and with a diffused brown line parallel 


68 On new Pyralida of the Subfamily Crambine. 


to its inner edge; some terminal fuscous suffusion and a series of 
black points. Hind wing white with a fine fuscous terminal line. 

Ab. 1. Fore wing strongly tinged with ochreous. 

Q. Fore wing with the area between the medial and postmedial 
lines suffused with black. 

Hab. Suvan, Port Sudan (Waterfield), 1 3 ; Br. HE. Arrica, 
Athi-ya-Mawe (Betton),1 9; “Germ. E. Arrica,” Dar-es-Salaam, 
1 ¢ type; TransvaaL, Rietfontein (Janse), 1 do. Haxp. 22- 
26 mm. 


(16) Surattha selenalis, sp. n. 


3. Head, thorax, and base of abdomen white faintly tinged with 
rufous, the rest of abdomen strongly suffused with rufous ; antennz 
with the branches black; palpi suffused with brown; pectus and 
legs white, the tibize and tarsi banded with brown. Fore wing 
pale red-brown slightly irrorated with whitish, the postmedial part 
of costal area white slightly irrorated with rufous ; antemedial line 
whitish, defined on outer side by a slight blackish mark at costa, 
then indistinct to submedian fold where it is angled outwards, then 
oblique and defined on each side by blackish ; medial line whitish 
defined on each side by blackish, angled outwards in submedian 
fold; “a pure white discoidal lunule; subterminal line white, 
excurved at middle and slightly waved towards costa and inner 
margin; a fine white line just before termen, defined on outer side 
by slight blackish points; cilia white with a rather interrupted 
red-brown line near base and some red-brown at tips. Hind wing 
silvery white. Underside of fore wing except the inner area and 
the costal area of hind wing tinged with red-brown. 

Hab. Asysstnta, Taddecha Mullka (Degen), 1d type. Exp. 


28 mm. 


(36) Surattha soudanensis, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with fulvous yellow, the 
thorax irrorated with black; antenne of male with the branches 
black ; palpi suffused with rufous ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface 
of abdomen white tinged with rufous. Fore wing white suffused 
with pale fulvous and irrorated with black in the interspaces, those 
of postmedial area rather more thickly irrorated ; a diffused curved 
whitish antemedial band defined on inner side by pale fulvous; a 
narrow white medial band defined on outer side by pale fulvous, its 
edges slightly waved; a rounded white discoidal spot defined by 
blackish; a narrow white postmedial band defined on inner side 
by pale fulvous, its outere dge slightly dentate, somewhat excurved 
beyond the cell ; a lunulate white subterminal line defined on outer 
side by a series of black points; cilia white mixed with brownish. 
Hind wing white faintly tinged with reddish brown, the cilia pure 
white. Underside white faintly tinged with rufous. 

Hab. Supan, Port Sudan ( Waterfield), 4 3,1 9 type. Eup. 
22-26 mm. 

(To be continued. } 


Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 69 


IX.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—XXXIX. New 
Sphecoidea collected in Palestine by Mujor E, E. Austen. 
By Rowxanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S. 


Psammecius austent, sp. n. 


3. Niger; scapo subtus flavo; segmentis abdominalibus tribus 
basalibus, pedibusque, coxis exceptis, rufo-ferrugineis ; flagello 
articulis 9-10 subtus ferrugineis, excavatis; articulo apicali 
subtus et apice brunneo-ferrugineo, fortiter curvato ; alis hyalinis, 
cellula radiali, cellulisque cubitalibus secunda tertiaque fortiter 

_infuscatis ; venis nigris, stigmate flavo. 

2. Mari simillima, flagello nigro, articulis haud excavatis ; cellula 
cubitali tertia hyalina. 

Long., ¢ 9 mm., 2 10 mm. 


3. Eyes strongly convergent towards the clypeus, posterior 
ocelli a little further from each other than from the eyes; 
vertex and front strongly and closely punctured. Clypeus 
broadly and roundly deflexed at the apex, the deflexed portion 
smooth and shining, the basal portion closely punctured. 
Thorax and sides of the median segment closely and coarsely 
punctured ; the triangular basal area of the median segment 
coarsely longitudinally striate-reticulate. First and second 
tergites strongly but not very closely punctured, less closely 
than in P. punctulatus, Lind., and less coarsely than in 
P. luxuriosus, Rad. ; the apical tergites more closely and 
finely punctured ; sternites shining, very sparsely punctured. 
At the apex of the three basal tergites the red colouring shows 
a tendency to change to yellow, forming an obscure, narrow, 
reddish-yellow apical fascia. Neuration asin P. punctulutus. 

9. Pygidial area longitudinally striate ; fore metatarsus 
with five long spatulate whitish spines, Flagellum simple, 
the apical joints not excavated or curved. 


Hab. Jerisheh, N.E. of Jaffa; 1 g, May 1-8, 1918; 1 9, 
April 29, 1918. 

Very different in colour to punctulatus and luxuriosus ; the 
antenne are also stouter and the pulvilli larger than in either 
of those species. I think Psammecius, Lep., is sufficiently 
distinct to be given generic rank, though Handlirsch sinks it 
under Gorytes. The name Gorytes certainly cannot stand, 
and must be replaced for the genus in the widest sense either 
by Ceropales, Latr., or Arpactus, Jur. 

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 6 


70 Mr. R. BE. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 


Palarus hastatifrons, sp. n. 


3. Niger; abdomine segmentis tribus basalibus, pedibus inter- 
mediis posticisque, femoribusque anticis infra fulvis; clypeo, 
mandibulis, apice excepto, orbitis internis usque ad antennarum 
basin, macula frontali, longitudinali, hastiformi, mesonoto macula 
parva angulis anticis, tegulis tibiisque tarsisque anticis flavis ; 
flagello supra sordide flavo ; alis hyalinis, leviter infuscatis, venis 
testaceis ; ano tridentato. 

. Mari simillima; abdomine fere omnino fulvo. 

Long., d 8mm., 9 11 mn. 


$. Clypeus rounded at the apex, shining, with sparse and 
minute punctures; front opaque, coriaceous, clothed with 
very delicate silver pubescence. [yes separated on the vertex 
by a distance slightly exceeding the length of the second 
joint of the flagellum; posterior ocelli somewhat elongate, 
oblique and almost touching the eyes. Mandibles not excised 
on their outer margin. Second joint of the flagellum dis- 
tinetly longer than the third, twice as long as the first and 
nearly twice as long as its apical breadth, the flagellar joints 
not arcuate beneath. ‘Thorax shining, rather sparsely but 
very deeply punctured ; median segment strongly obliquely 
striated, broadly concave in the middle, the sides of the 
segment finely and closely obliquely striated, the posterior 
slope finely rugulose, with a raised V-shaped median area. 
Abdomen rather sparsely punctured ; first tergite deeply and 
widely emarginate anteriorly ; second sternite gradually raised 
into an acute transverse carina at the apex. Seventh tergite 
tridentate at the apex, the middle spine the longest. Second 
cubital cell petiolate, the petiole very short; third cubital 
cell half as long again on the radius as on the cubitus ; first 
recurrent nervure received close to the base of the second 
cubital cell, second just beyond three-quarters from the base. 

9. Eyes separated on the vertex by a distance only equal 
to the length of the first joint of the flagellum, nearer to each 
other than in the male ; second joint of flagellum at least 
twice as long as its apical breadth. Sixth tergite elongate, 
pointed at the apex, with sparse elongate punctures. Basal 
joint of fore tarsus with six spines. 

Hab. Khan Yunnus, 12 miles 8.W. of Gaza, June 1917 ; 
13,42 ¢. 

‘This belongs to the group of P. lepidus, Klug; but, in 
addition to the strong colour-differences, the abdomen is much 
more sparsely and more strongly punctured ; the eyes in both 
sexes are nearer together on the vertex, and the carina of the 
second sternite is acute, not broad as in & lepidus. 


On Reduviide from British India. 71 


X.—Descriptions of new Species and Genera of the Hete- 
ropterous Family Reduviide from British India. By 
W. L. Disranr. 


I AM indebted to the kindness of Mr. E. A. Butler for sub- 
mitting for examination another collection of this family 
made by his indefatigable friend and excellent collector 
Dr. T, V. Campbell in Southern India. The types of all the 
species are now in the collection of the British Museum. 


Ploiariola scotti. 
Ploiariola scotti, Dist. Tr. Linn, Soe. xvi. p. 163, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1918). 


Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell). 
Originally described from the Seychelle Islands. 


Stenolemus hirtipes, sp. n. 


Head and pronotum very pale ochraceous, apex of head 
and basal area of prenotum more vireseent ; scutellum 
blackish ; corium of hemelytra greyish white, a small linear 
spot on clavus, and a large and more quadrate spot on apical 
area fuscous ; membrane greyish white, mottled with large 
fuscous spots which are discal on basal half and marginal on 
apical half, the central and largest spot with ochraceous 
linear mottlings ; body beneath brownish olivaceous ; rostrum 
fuscous ; legs greyish, anterior legs mottled with fuscous 
brown, intermediate and postericr femora strongly and longly 
pilose and blackly annulate, intermediate and posterior tibize 
longly pilose and with a black annulation near base ; antennse 
fuscous, with a few pale annulations, of which the broadest 
is at base; pronotum anteriorly globose, the central area 
narrow and cylindrical, the posterior area strongly tricarinate. 

Long. 11 mm. 

Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Eugubinus intrudans, Dist. Entomologist, xlviii. p. 8 (1915). 

I originally described this species found in webs of spiders 
(Cyrtophora cicatrosa, Stoliczka) in 8. India, Cochin State, 
Mrmakulam. Dr. Campbell has now sent Mr, KE. A. Butler 


another specimen from Chikkaballapura. 


NEOKLUGIA, gen. nov. 


Allied to Oncocephalus, Klug, but with the apical spine to 


the scutellum moderately curved upwardly; rostrum with 
6% 


72 Mr. W. L. Distant on 


the first joint much shorter than the two apical joints to- 
gether, subequal in length to the second joint ; anterior 
femora only slightly or moderately incrassated, with a single 
series of slender short spinules beneath ; head cylindrical, 
shortly but distinctly spined at base of each antenna, the 
anteocular area much longer than the postocular ; first joint 
of the antennse about as long as the pronotum, distinctly 
finely hirsute ; pronotum with the anterior lobe shorter than 
the posterior lobe, shortly but distinctly armed on each side 
of anterior margin, and moderately tuberculous on disk, 
posterior lobe strongly centrally longitudinally furrowed, the 
lateral basal angles distinctly spined ; posterior legs with the 
femora and tibiz about or almost of equal length. 


Neoklugia typica, sp. n. 


Head and anterior area of pronotum very dark ochraceous 
or purplish red; eyes black, and between them the colour is 
sometimes more or less of the same hue; posterior pronotal 
area, scutellum, corium, rostrum, body beneath, and legs more 
or less ochraceous ; membrane dull greyish brown; a small 
spot outside apex of clavus, the large basal areola before 
membrane, and a subapical linear spot to membrane casta- 
neous ; apices of femora a little darker in hue; apical spine 
to scutellum black and distinctly, concavely, upwardly 
curved ; other characters as in generic diagnosis. 

Long. 14 mm. 

Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


NEOTHODELMUS, gen. nov. 


Body elongate, narrow; head long, cylindrical, anteocular 
area longer than postocular area, the latter longitudinally 
margined on each side with a series of short spines ; antennee 
with the first joint about or nearly as long as head, mode- 
rately incrassated ; rostrum with the first joint about as long 
as the second and third joints together; pronotum long and 
slender, very narrow from about one-third from base, which 
is truncate, more than twice longer than broad at base ; 
scutellum small, elongately triangular ; membrane extending 
to base of posterior abdominal segment ; anterior femora 
distinctly incrassated, shortly and very finely spined beneath, 
about subequal in length to anterior tibie; posterior and 
intermediate tibize and femora slender, the posterior about 
twice as long as the intermediate. 


Allied to Thodelmus, Stal. 


Reduviide from British India. 73 


Neothodelmus typicus, sp. n. 


Pale dull ochraceous: basal area of pronotum and the 
membrane dull greyish, the first palest, and with a dark spot 
near each basal angle, head purplish black, the anteocular 
area darker than the postocular ; body beneath and legs pale 
ochraceous, anterior femora finely inwardly streaked with 
black, anterior tibie centrally, basally, and apically (more or 
less distinctly) annulated with black; all the tarsi more 
or less distinctly annulated with black ; a rounded black spot 
near base of membrane. 

Long. 18 mm. 

Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell). 


Pasiropsis major, sp. n. 

Black ; antenne and tibizw brownish ochraceous, the latter 
darker on basal areas; tarsi pale ochraceous ; a transverse 
arcuated greyish-white fascia crossing corium near base, but 
not entering clavus; first joint of antennz slightly incras- 
sated, scarcely or only slightly passing apex of head, darker 
in hue than the other joints ; anterior pronotal lobe strongly 
sculptured, posterior lobe with a narrow central longitudinal 
incisure and with a broadly coarsely punctate submarginal 
incisure before each lateral margin, the lateral basal angles 
subnodulose ; scutellum passing claval apex, but not poste- 
riorly elevated ; femora robust; hemelytra more opaqucly 
black than pronotum and scutellum. 


Long. 14 mm. 
Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Edocla annulata, sp. n. 


Head and anterior lobe of pronotum dull dark ochraceous, 
narrow lateral margins of head and margins of anterior pro- 
notal lobe black ; posterior pronotal lobe, the corium, and 
legs stramineous ; scutellum (excluding apical spine), clavus, 
membrane, triannulations to femora and tibiew, abdomen 
beneath, large sternal spots, rostrum, and eyes dark fuscous 
brown ; antenn with the first and second joints ochraceous, 
remaining joints fuscous, bases of first and second joints 
stramineous ; apical area of membrane paler in hue ; first joint 
of antennz shorter than head, second joint about as long as 
head and anterior lobe of pronotum together ; anterior pro- 
notal lobe strongly and irregularly rugulose ; apical spiue of 


74 Mr. W. L. Distant on 


scutellum obliquely erect ; connexivum stramineous spotted 
with fuscous. 

Long. 9 mm. 

Hab. 8. India; Nandidrug (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 

Allied to EZ. pelia, Dist., but differing by the shorter basal 
joint of the antenne, the triannulated femora, stramineous 
corium, &c. 


Ectomocoris simulans, sp. n. 


Allied to £. tibialis, Dist. (Faun. Brit. Ind. i. p. 293, 
1904), but differing in having the whole of the first and 
second joints of the antenna brownish ochraceous ; the rudi- 
mentary hemelytra broader, less oblique, and the whole of 
their apical marginal areas black, not only spotted as in 
E. tibialis, but also generally reaching or only just passing 
the base of the first abdominal segment. 

Long. 13-20 mm. 

Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura and Nandidrug (Dr. T. V. 
Campbell) ; Vizagapatam. 


Ectomocoris melanopterus, sp. n. 


Dull black, opaque ; first and second joints of the antenne, 
rostrum, legs, and irregular broad transverse fascia to hem- 
elytra ochraceous ; apex of hemelytra reaching the posterior 
margin of the third abdominal segment, the segmental mar- 
gins very narrowly ochraceous ; legs somewhat longly 
hirsute; second joint of the antenne a little longer than head. 

Long. 14 mm. 

Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Ectomocoris picturatus, sp. n. 


Head, anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum, and body 
beneath black ; posterior lobe of pronotum purplish brown ; 
hemelytra pale brownish; clavus (excluding base) and an 
oblong spot outside clavus stramineous ; legs ochraceous or 
reddish ochraceous ; connexivum beneath with minute ochra- 
ceous marginal spots; antennge ochraceous, second joint about 
as long as head; anterior lobe of pronotum longitudinally 
suleate ; hemelytra reaching abdominal apex ; anterior 
femora strongly incrassated. 

Long. 14 mm. 

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


~ 
Cr 


Reduviide /rom British India. 


Ectomocoris apicimaculatus, sp. n. 


Allied to E. cordiger, Stal (Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 295, 
1904), but differing in the following characters :—First joint 
of antenne black or piceous, and the second joint longer than 
anterior lobe of pronotum ; connexivum unspotted ; apices of 
femora, tibia, and tarsi“ black or piceous; membrane un- 
spotted ; anterior lobe of pronotum much more finely, centrally, 
longitudinally impressed, and the pronotal coloration more 
opaque and piceous. 

Long. 15 mm. 


Hab, 8. India ; Yercand (Dr. 7. V. Campbell). 


Sphedanolestes aurescens, sp. n. 


Bright shining golden yellow; antenne, apex of head, 
eyes and a spot behind them, apex of corium, membrane, 
tibize, apex and lateral margins of the penultimate abdominal 
segment beneath, and the tarsi black; basal joint of antennae 
shorter than head and pronotum together, both pronotal lobes 
centrally longitudinally sulcate ; femora nodulose ; membrane 
moderately passing the abdominal apex. 

Long. 9 mm. 


Hab. 8. India; Bangalore (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Sphedanolestes aterrimus, sp. n. 


Head, pronotum, scutellum, and femora shining black ; 
corlum, membrane, and tibie more darkly fuscous ; con- 
nexivum above and beneath spotted with ochraceous; antennz 
black, first joint (excluding base and apex) and basal area of 
second joint ochraceous ; first joint of antennee about as long 
as head and pronotum together; pronotum with the anterior 
lobe centrally longitudinally broadly sulcate, the posterior 
lobe discally centrally excavate; femora nodulose ; membrane 
extending slightly beyond the abdominal apex. 

Long. 7 mm. 

Hab. §. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 

Allied to S. indicus, Reut. 


Endochus albomaculatus. 
Endochus albomaculatus, Stal, dafv. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 1859, p.194; Dist. 
Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 366 (1904), 


This species, already recorded from Ceylon, has now been 
received from Dr. T. V. Campbell, who found it in 8. India 


76 Mr. W. L. Distant on 


(Chikkaballapura). It is also recorded by Lethierry and 
Severin from ‘ Cambodgia.” 


Endochus erectus, sp. n. 


Pale ochraceous ; antenne, body beneath, and legs stra- 
mineous; apical areas of abdomen (both above and beneath) 
fuscous ; antenne ochraceous, apex of first joint and the 
whole of the apical joints rosaceous ; eyes black; head dark 
ochraceous, about as long as pronotum ; first joint of rostrum 
distinctly longer than second joint; lateral basal pronotal 
spines somewhat long, acute, and upwardly and forwardly 
produced. 

Long. 15 mm. 

L/ab. Nilgiri Hills ; Lovedale (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 

Allied to 2. albomaculatus, Stal, but differing from that 
species in the colour, shape, and direction of the pronotal 
spines, absence of white spot to corium, &c. 


Findochus campbelli, sp. n. 


Greyish black, shortly greyishly pilose; head behind 
ocelli, rostrum, coxe and trochanters, upper surfaces of | 
anterior femora and tibia testaceous; intermediate and poste- 
rior legs stramineous, with the apices of the femora testa- 
ceous ; sternum and body beneath dull testaceous, thickly and 
very finely mottled with greyish white ; abdomen above dull 
testaceous, the connexivum with large ochraceous spots and 
oe beneath ncar apex ; antenne testaceous, becoming darker 
in hue towards apex, more palely annulate near apex and 
middle of first and near apex of third joints, first joint about 
as long as posterior femora; lateral pronotal spines ochra- 
ceous, somewhat longly acute, and nearly straightly directed 
outwardly ; head about as long as pronotum. 

Long. 22 mm. 

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell). 

Allied to 2. cingalensis, Stal, but differing by the colour of 
the head and legs, the longer first antennal joint, &e. 


Endochus parvispinus, sp. 0. 


Head thickly greyishly pilose, with a central, dark, longi- 
tudinal, incised line, and a similar dark transverse line be- 
tween eyes; anterior pronotal lobe dark ochraceous, with 
irregular white linear markings ; posterior pronotal lobe 
paler and thickly minutely spotted with greyish white, lateral 
basal spines black; lateral margins and apex of scutellum 


Reduviide from British India. 77 


greyish white; corium similar in hue to posterior pronotal 
lobe, but without the minute greyish-white spots ; abdomen 
above brassy black, connexivum ochraceous; body beneath 
thickly greyishly pilose; basal joint of antennz black or 
blackish and about as long as head, pronotum, and scutellum 
together ; spines at bases of antenna minute; lateral pro- 
notal spines slender, black, and laterally slightly upwardly 
directed. 

Long. 17-22 mm. 

Hab. 8. In ia ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Brassivola hystrix. 


Brassivola hystrix, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 374; fig, 236, p. 373 
(1904). 9. 


3. Smailer than ?, lateral margins of abdomen not 
dilated, . 

Long., 3, 18 mm. 

Hab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


The female type was from Ceylon, 


Isyndus modestus, sp. 0. 


Black ; antenne with a broad subapical annulation to first 
joint, basal or subbasal annulations to second and third joints, 
and apical annulations to third and fourth joints, tessellate 
markings to anterior pronotal lobe, broad anterior margin and 
narrow hind margin to posterior pronotal Jobe, lateral margins 
and apex to scutellum, corium (excluding clavus), and seg- 
mental spots to connexivum more or less ochraceous ; mem- 
brane bronzy black ; body beneath greyishly pilose, marginal 
spots, stigmata, and abdominal incisures black; legs black, 
anterior femora with two subapical annulations, intermediate 
and posterior femora with a single basal annulation, testaceous 
or ochraceous; lateral pronotal angles somewhat shortly 
spinous, the spines slightly directed backwardly, auterior 
pronotal lobe with a short tuberculous spine on each lateral 
margin. 

Long. 17-22 mm. 

flab. S. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. 7. V. Campbell). 

Allied to I. reticulatus, Stal. 


Coranus militaris, sp. n. 


Black ; posterior lobe of pronotum (excluding a black spot 
near each lateral margin), a curved transverse line to scu- 
tellum, corium (excluding clavus and apex), and spots to 


78 On Reduviidee from British India. 


connexivum sanguineous ; tarsi pale fuscous ; anterior femora 
strongly incrassated ; anterior pronotal lobe centrally sulcate, 
but the sulcation not reaching the anterior margin, the poste- 
rior lobe with its hind margin moderately excavate before 
scutellum. 

Long. 8 mm. 

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Coranus vitellinus, sp. n. 


Brownish ochraceous ; eyes, broad lateral fasciz to post- 
ocular area of head, eyes, clavus, spots to connexivum, mem- 
brane, and submarginal fascize to abdomen beneath either 
fuscous or pale bronzy brown; legs brownish ochraceous, the 
femora either distinctly or indistinctly darkly annulate ; an- 
tenne ochraceous, the extreme apices of the joints usually 
distinctly darker in hue; scutellum with a central, pale, 
narrow, longitudinal fascia ; first joint of antenna about as 
long as head; basal lateral pronotal angles broadly angulate ; 
apical joint of the rostrum fuscous. 

Long. 9-10 mm. 

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Alleorhynchus notatus, sp. n. 


Stramineous, eyes and posterior lobe of pronotum black ; 
ocelli dark purplish ; two discal spots on anterior lobe of 
pronotum, scutellum, apical half of clavus, and corium (ex- 
cluding base and a marginal spot beyond middle) pale purplish 
brown; connexivum with four marginal black spots ; legs 
stramineous, femora with darker subapical annulations ; large 
lateral spots to meso- and metasterna and subapical marginal 
annulations to posterior half of counexivum beneath black ; 
antenne black, basal joint stramineous ; membrane purplish 
brown, with the apical area greyish white and passing the 
abdominal apex; intermediate femora with a short black 
spine near middle of posterior margin. 

Long. 53-6 mm. 

Hab. 8. India; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Alleorhynchus bicoloratus, sp. n. 


Pale ochraceous; head and posterior lobe of pronotum 
shining black ; scutellum and corium (excluding base) dull 
black ; meso- and metasterna and a central longitudinal fascia 
to abdomen beneath black ; second joint of antenne distinetly 


On Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 79 


black, basal joint of antennee shorter than head ; connexivum 
with small black spots. 
Long. 53 mm. 


Hab. 8. India; Nandidrug (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Phorticus varicolor, sp. n. 


Head black; pronotum ochraceous, with two large basal 
black spots which occupy nearly the whole of base and nar- 
rowly extend up the lateral margins; scutellum and hemelytra 
dark brownish, the latter with a large basal angular and an 
apical ochraceous spot; membrane black ; body beneath and 
legs ochraceous ; antennz ochraceous, second joint blackish, 
basal joint scarcely passing apex of head; first and second 
joints more or less incrassate ; membrane slightly passing abdo- 
minal apex; abdomen beneath and legs ochraceous, sternum 
black ; abdominal incisures very distinct and slightly darker 
in hue. 

« Long. 34 mm. 


Hab. 8. India ; Chikkaballapura (Dr. T. V. Campbell). 


Genus LANnca. 
Lanca, Dist. Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (7) xviii. p. 369 (1906) ; Faun. 
Brit. Ind., Rhynch. v. p. 212, fig. 117 (1910). 
Epidaus, Bergr. (nec Stal), Journ. Bomb, Nat. Hist. Soc. xxiv. p. 175 
(1915). 


Rostrum with the first joint shorter than the two remaining 
TELITUS) 3 07 UST epee ete BO hen ee A Epidaus. 
Rostrum with the first joint slightly longer than second joint. Lanca. 


Bergroth (supra) writes that Lanca “is a plain synonym 
of Epidaus.”’ I have figured the rostrum of each genus in 
my faun. Brit. Ind. 


XI.—On the Discovery of Two Species of Brachycheteumide, 
a Minor Group of Millipedes peculiar to the British Isles. 
By RicuHarp 8. BaGNnaLL, F.L.S. 


THE species of the genus Brachycheteuma are smallish 
millipedes ranging from 7 to 8 mm. in length, belonging to 
the Ascospermophora, white to dirty yellowish-white in 


80 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on 


colour, being devoid of pigment. They have thirty body- 
segments, the lateral keels are weakly defined, and the ocelli 
few in number, usually indistinct and poorly pigmented. 
That they are clearly of Chordeumid (s. 1.) affinities may be 
recognized on the field. 

The members of the genus are to be found on the ground 
surface beneath shallow coverings of fallen leaves or under 
stones, sheltering in crevices or about the roots of vegetation. 
If found on the surface of the earth or perhaps on the under 
surface of the upturned stone, they usually remain quiet for 
some little time, and will then, or if but slightly disturbed, 
run away with a quick gliding movement. If less mildly 
disturbed, or touched for instance by the dead leaves one may 
be removing, they will quickly curl up, and, the conformation 
of the ground being suitable, roll away. 

The best time to search for these animals would seem to 
be from the early spring (say, March) to May, and again in 
the late autumn. y 

Although we now know four species of Brachycheteuma, 
the genus is only of recent discovery. The first species and 
type of the genus and family, Brachycheteuma bagnallt, 
Verhoeff, was described in 1911*, and in greater detail the 
following year t, from a single male example collected by 
the writer in Gibside, a fine old piece of woodland in the 
county of Durham. 

Until 1917, when Dr. Hilda and the Rev. S. Graham 
Brade-Birks diagnosed Brachycheteuma bradee (Brol. et 
Brade-Birks) | from Lancashire (examples of both sexes 
having been secured), no further discoveries of the group had 
been made. ‘They referred this species to a new genus— 
Jacksoneuma,—but upon the rediscovery of Brachycheteuma 
bagnalli, as detailed below, Verhoeff’s description of the 
genus proved to be at fault in three important particulars, so 
that the genus Jacksonewma, the erection of which was fully 
justified upon the data at that time available, had to be 


* Verhoeff, K. W., “ Ueber Brachycheteuma, n. g., und Titanosoma 
Jurassicum aus England,” Zool. Anz. xxxviii. pp. 455-458, Noy. 14, 1911. 

+ Verhoeff, K. W., “On the Occurrence of Brachycheteuma, Titano- 
soma, and Polymicrodon in England,” Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northd., 
Durham, and Newcastle, n. s. iv. pp. 143-167, pls. ix. & x., June 1912. 

Bagnall, R. 8., “ Brief Records of Chetechylene vesuviana, Newp., and 
other Myriapods new to the British Fauna,” The Zoologist, xvi. pp. 264— 
266, July 1912. 

} Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rev. 8. G., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—VIT. 
“ A new Member of the Order Ascospermophora (Jacksoneuma bradee, 
gen. et sp. noy.),” Journ. Zool. Res. ii. pp. 185-149, figs., Dec. 1917. 


Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 81 


withdrawn, and the diagnosis of the genus Brachycheteuma 
and the family Brachycheeteumide amended *. 


The Discovery of Brachycheteuma melanops. 


A few months after Brachycheteuma bradee had been 
made known I happened to be in London, and between 
appointments with Admiralty officials 1 spent a short week- 
end with a friend in the Honorable Artillery Company, then 
encamped at Swanage. Thusit happened that on the evening 
of my arrival on April 6th, 1918, and when it was almost 
dusk, I stumbled upon another species of the genus, which 
occurred in numbers below Belle Vue, and, proving to be 
new, has been described by my friends under the name 
Brachycheteuma melanops F. 

The cliffs at Belle Vue are very beautiful, standing out in 
somewhat marked contrast to those on either side. High 
up are plantations of evergreens, cedars, pines, laurestinas, 
and holly-oaks, and from here one can see the bay flanked to 
the left by a green-clothed prominence screening Peveril 
Point, and to the right by the undercliff stretching away to 
Durlston Head. ‘The undercliffs are intersected by paths, 
the main one leading to Durlston Head, but here broken 
away and there perhaps blocked by a fall of rock from 
above; the undergrowth is chiefly of bracken and bramble, 
but towards the ‘‘ Head” and below the plantations are little 
groves—conifers, poplars, and privet predominating,—with 
tracks leading perhaps to a little knoll or winding to the 
shore below. 

I first discovered B. melanops in some plenty by scraping 
the surface covering of fallen leaves and needles in the lower 
plantations and groves where somewhat damp; later I found 
it under stones, but only in this sparsely wooded area, and 
not on the undercliffs. It was very plentiful—perhaps the 
most plentiful myriapod in early April,—but was found in 
less numbers six weeks later. 

In October 1918 I found a few examples of a Brachy- 
cheteuma in the neighbourhood of Torquay and Babbacombe 
which proved to be the Swanage species, B. melanops, and 
on December 31st, 1918, and New Year’s Day, 1919, it 


* Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rev. G.8., “ Notes on Myriapoda.—X. 
On the Family Brachychzeteumide,” /. c. ili. pp. 47-58, figs., Oct. 1918. 

+ Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and Rey. S. G., ‘‘ Notes on Myriapoda,—Xf. 
Description of a new Species of Diplopoda (Brachycheteuma melanops),”’ 
1. c, ill. pp. 55-61, figs., Oct. 1918. 


82 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on 


occurred more frequently than in October, probably because 
the undergrowth was less dense and I had better opportunities 
for this class of collecting. 

On this latter visit I spent some hours exploring Kent’s 
Cavern with my friend Mr. J. Williams Vaughan, where 
B. melanops was one of the dominant myriapods ; it occurred 
in the inmost depths of the caves and in all the galleries. 


The Re-discovery of B. bagnalli. 


Although I repeatedly searched for B. bagnalli in Gibside, 
I was never able to turn up further examples ; but shortly 
after my return from Swanage and the discovery of B. me- 
lanops Mr. H. S. Wallace gave me a tube collected in 
a garden at Haddrick’s Mill, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the 
last week of April 1918, which contained six examples of 
B. bagnalli, 5 9 @ and 1 g, and a 9 example of another 
recently described millipede, Alonacobates tenuis, Bigler *. 
I accordingly accompanied my friend to Haddrick’s Mill, 
where we took several examples of both sexes in and 
about the precincts of an old quarry; and subsequent 
visits proved that the species was well established and not 
uncommon. 

Later I found a little colony under a log in a garden at. 
Fenham, another residential part of Newcastle 2 miles or 
more distant from Haddrick’s Mill, and only this month (May) 
Mr. Wallace found a female example at Hexham, where I 
ultimately turned up both sexes, and thus established its 
identity. 


Ecological Notes. 


In the cited discoveries of B. melanops and B. bagnalli I 
noticed a certain definite association of allied forms, and if 
zoologists find certain of the millipedes or centipedes named 
below there should be a chance of meeting with Brachy- 
cheteuma. 

For the uninitiated I should add that Stigmatogaster 
subterraneus, Clinopodes linearis, and Chetechylene vesuviana 
are large Geophilids, a family of long slender centipedes, 
generally yellow or yellowish-brown and bearing a large 
number of legs. Chordeumella scutellare is a “ square-backed ” 


* Bigler, Walter, ‘ Die Diplopoden von Basel und Umgebung,” Rey. 
Suisse Zool. Genéve, xxi. pp. 675-793, pls. xvil.—xix., 1918. 

Bagnall, R. S., “ Records of some new British Diplopods and Pauro- 
pods, with a Preliminary Check List of the British ‘ Myriapoda,’” Journ. 
Zool. Res. iii. pp. 87-93, Oct. 1918. 


Two Species of Brachycheteumide. 83 


millipede belonging to the Microchordeumide, and therefore 
more closely related to Brachycheeteumide ; it is smallish, 
has 28-30 body-segments, and the lateral keels are vestigial. 
Macrosternodesmus palicola and Ophiodesmus albonanus ave 
our two smailest examples of the true square-backed milli- 
pedes of the family Polydesmide ; they are both white; the 
former is the smaller and more slender, has 19 body-segments, 
and tle lateral keels are irregular (notched or “ toothed”’) as 
in Polydesmus and Brachydesmus, whilst Ophiodesmus has 
20 body-segments, with the lateral keels entire as in Ortho- 
morpha, Muonacvbates isa Protoiulid, very slender and small, 
like a short piece of animated wire, 


Brachycheteuma melanops. 


SWANAGE (Jurassic formation). Stigmatogaster subter- 
raneus, common 3; Alacrosternodesmus palicola, frequent; the 
recently discovered Ophiodesmus albonanus, both sexes, 
several ; and Monacobates tenuis, rare. 

Torquay Disrrict (Middle Devonian). Whilst collecting 
in this district no species were found commonly or in company, 
but the following were noted while searching for Brachy- 
chateuma :—Stigmatoguster, rare and apparently replaced by 
Chetechylene vesuviana, a species so far only known from 
South Devon in our country ; Macrosternodesmus, Ophio- 
desmus, wud tle Monacobaies, rare. 


Brachycheteuna bagnalli. 


Gibside, Co. DurHAmM (Carboniferous). Stigmatogaster, 
rare; Macrosternodesmus and Monacobates, in numbers. The 
original example of B. bagnalli was found here, but has not 
yet been rediscovered, and a solitary female example of 
Chordeumelia is also recorded. 

NEWCASTLE-ON-1'YNE (Carboniferous). Haddrick’s Mill : 
Stigmatogaster, not uncommon; Macrosternodesmus and 
Monacobates, frequent ; Chordeumella sp., once only. Fen- 
ham: St:ymatogaster, Macrosternodesmus, and Monacobates 
were all found under the single log harbouring the Fenham 
colony of B. bagnall?, 

HexHAM (Millstone Grit). Monacobates occurred in very 
large numbers, together with a few of a similar creature— 
Nopotulus palmatus,—but only two examples of Macrosterno- 
desmus were found. A Geophilid, curiously resembling 
Stigmatogaster, proved to be Clinopodes linearis, arare southern 
form that I had not previously met with. 


84 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide cc. 


An Atlantean Group ? 


Species of terrestrial arthropods peculiar to our country are 
rare, and particularly so if we consider groups which have 
had an equal or greater attention from Continental naturalists. 
Since the pioneer work of Newport, Leach, and (later) Meinert 
and Latzel, the Central and Southern European “ Myriapods ” 
have received close study, whilst until very recently the 
British forms have been entirely neglected. Yet here we 
have a natural group containing four species * widely distri- 
buted in this country, not extraordinarily small and without 
any near relatives on the Continent. If the group’ had its 
centre of distribution in Western Europe, then it would have 
spread east and south, and remnants would have surely been 
found on the Continent of to-day. Similarly, were the group 
of Lusitanian origin it would be more richly represented in 
the Mediterranean subregion than with us. But not only is 
Brachycheteuma or allied genus unknown elsewhere, but its 
distribution with us (north, south, midlands, east, and west of 
England) does not suggest a Lusitanian group, and we are 
thus forced to suggest that Braehycheteuma is of Atlantean 
origin, and that in the very dim past it formed a modest 
member of the fauna of the old continent of Atlantis. 


XII.—New Species and Genera of Nymphalide, Syntomide, 
and Sphingide in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kaye, 
F.E.S. 


Family Nymphalidae. 


The confusion over certain species of Callithea is consider- 
able, and as a foreword to the description of the new forms 
that follow it is as well to state the position adopted. Calli- 
thea davisi was described by Butler (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 
ser. 4, vol. xx. p. 123, 1877), as Hewitson had confused two 
species under one name—markii. Fig. 2 of Hewitson (Ex. 
Butt., Callithea, pl. i.)—the first under the species—becomes 


* For description of the fourth species see Brade-Birks, Hilda K. and 
Rev. S. G., “ Notes on Myriapods.—XII. A Preliminary List for Derby- 
shire, with a Description of Brachycheteuma quartum, sp. u., and Chord- 
eumella scutellare bagnalli, var. u.,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, xi. 
pp. 319-336, figs., Oct. 1918. 


in the Joicey Collection. 85 


the type of the species marki?, and fig. 5 is another species 
which Butler named davist. This was all correct till 
Staudinger, not knowing of Butler’s description, described 
this same insect as hewitsont in Exot. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888). 
Staudinger also gave the name wallacei to Hewitson’s figs. 2, 
3, 6, but quite unjustifiably. C. davist now seems to have 
several local races, of which I describe below two as new. 
The C. refulgens may be a race of markit. C. batesi is most 
probably a distinct species, with the hind margin of the hind 
wing bluish green and the broad apical area of fore wing of 
the same colour. The 2 ? of batesi and markii may be 
distinguished by these characters and also by the amount of 
yellow at the base of the hind wing. Bates has a large 
yellow area stretching halfway across the cell, while markii 
has a very small amount and much broken up with brown. 
The synonymy of these three species is as follows :— 


Callithea markit, Hew. Ex. Butt., Call. 1. publ. 1862 (plate 
dated 1857, ined.). 


Callithea wallacet, Steger. Ex. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888). 
Callithea markt (=wallacet), Rob. in Seitz. Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915). 


Hab. Upper Amazons, Tetfé. 


Callithea batest, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. i. pl. xi. (1850). 


Callithea batesi, Hew. Ex. Butt., Calhthea, pl. i. figs. 1,4 (1862); Rob. 
in Seitz. Mac. Lep. v. p. 491 (1915). 


Hab. Upper Amazons. 
Callithea davisi, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xx. 


p. 123 (1877). 


Callithea markii, Hew. (part.), Exot. Butt., Cadi. pl. i. tig. & (1862). 
Callithea hewitsoni, Stgr. Exot. Tag. i. p. 123 (1888) ; Rob. in Seitz. 
Mac, Lep. v. p. 491 (1918). 


Hab. Colombia, Upper Amazons, Peru, 

This species has at least three separate races :— 
Callithea davisi davisi, Butl. 

Colombia. 
Callithea davist croceus, Kaye. 

N. Peru, Contamana, Rio Ucayali. 
Callithea davisi tirapatensis, Kaye. 


S. Peru, Tirapata. 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 7 


86 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalidae ce. 


Callithea davisi croceus, subsp. n. 

Fore wing ochreous with a slight pinkish tinge. Broad 
apical area black except near costa, which is deep blue. 
Inner margin black with only very slight suffusion near base. 
Hind wing purplish blue, with the area about tornus brightest. 

Expanse 62 mm. 

Hab, Ecuador, Sarayacu, Upper Amazons, Jurua. 

This subspecies is very like davist davisi, except for the 
yellow fore wing. The next following subspecies from South 
Peru is much further removed. 

Type in Coll: Joicey. 


Callithea davisi tirapatensis, subsp. n. 

Fore wing yellowish ochreous, the inner margin blackish 
extending basally into the cell. Apical area black, with 
hardly a trace of blue, and the small apical greenish streak 
often with a whitish area in centre. Hind wing black, with 
a conspicuous blue patch at tornus extending beyond vein 2 
internally and beyond vein 4 externally. Fore wing below 
with the lower part cf the greenish apical area blackish 
internally. 

Expanse 62 mm. 

Hab. &. Peru, Tirapata, Yahuarmayo. 

Type in Coll, Joicey. 


Callithea refulgens, sp. n. 

3. Fore wing like markit, Hew., but the blue of the distal 
half deeper internally and lighter externally and in costal 
area. The base pinkish ochreous inclining to reddish. The 
apex dull blackish, with a narrow subapical slaty green band. 
Vhe whole broad distal half or more of the wing various 
shades of deep brilliant blue, becoming blackish internally 
and on the innér margin. Hind wing with a faint indication 
of a slaty greenish subterminal band mostly obseured by the 
deep blue of the ground-colour, Costa dull blackish, without 
a basal or subbasal orange patch, Inner margin broadly and 
outer margin narrowly dull blackish. Blue area of hind wing 
brightest between veins 2 and 4, Fore wing below with the 
basal area ochreous ; tornus, except at extreme margin and 
along veins for a short distance, blackish. A pair of small 
biack spots between veins 4, 5 and 5,6. Broad apical area 
glistening slaty blue. Hind wing below with an ochreous 
basal stripe. Ground-colour slaty bluish, with four transverse 
rows of black spots in distal half, the two outermost spots at 
apex suffused with ochreous. 

Expanse 60 mm. 


in the Joicey Collection. 87 


Hab. Brazil, Parana (?). 

This locality is more than questionable. Typical markiu 
occurs at Kea, on the Upper Amazon, and it is even possible 
the present species may be an aberration of it, Hewitson’s 
locality for markit is New Grenada, but as he figures both 
davisi and markit under the same name, his locality probably 
refers to the davis?, which is a Colombian species. His fig. 2 
on pl. i., Callithea in Ex. Butt., agrees with what is known 
from the Ega district of the Amazon. 

Type in Coll, Joicey. 


Family Nymphalidae. 
Subfamily Jrvouwrzy2z. 
Velamysta pardalis totumbra, subsp. n. 


6. Fore wing like pardalis pardalis, except that there are 
no blackish marks in dise and the S-shaped black discoidal 
mark is much less pronounced. Inner margin less heavily 
black. Hind wing ochre-brownish as in fore wing, without 
discoidal patch and no trace of a black band thence to inner 
margin, 

2. Both fore and hind wing ochre-brownish. Fore wing 
with all the black markings less than in pardalis pardalis. 
Hind wing with asmall black mark along discocellular within 
the cell. No black band connecting the inner margin. 

Expanse 74 mm. 

Hab. N. Peru, River Tabaconas, 6000 ft. (A. LH. & F. 
Prait). 

‘Type in Coll. Joicey. 

Haensch, in Seitz. vol. v. p. 158, says of pardalis :—* In 
the @ the hind wing is of the same brownish colour as the 
fore wing.” ‘This is incorrect, as in both pardalis pardalis 
and pardalis totumbra the sexes are alike as to colour ; par- 
dalis has white hind wings and totumbra brownish. 


Family Syntomide. 
Mimagyrta chocoensis, sp. n. 


Head blue-black; palpi black; frons white; antenna 
black ; legs with coxe white and white stripes on femur and 
tibia ; tarsus wholly black. Abdomen bluish black, with 
slender subdorsal white streaks, below white. Fore wing 
bluish black shot with bright blue at base; a hyaline sub- 
apical narrow patch with veins 3, 4, and 5 showing black 
across it. A triangular flat hyaline streak below the cell, 
with its sharp apex ‘pointing to base and its short side Apainst 
vein 2. Hind wing shot with brilliant blue, the apex blackest 

(he 


88 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide dc. 


and with least gloss; a large hyaline transverse area occu- 
pying the central area of wing and with the median and 
veins 3 and 4 showing black upon it. 

Expanse 30 mm. 

Hab. W. Colombia, Tado, Rio San Juan, Choco, Colombia, 
250 ft. (@. M. Palmer), June 1909. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


Pseudomelisa demiavis, sp. n. 


@. Head blue-black, frons white and white patches at the 
sides of the eyes. Tegule and patagia black, with a few 
white hairs. Abdomen elongated, shiny dark blue. Legs 
dark bluish black. Fore wing dark steely blue. A small 
divided transparent spot in middle of cell; a long narrow 
transparent spot lying just outside cell close to base, and a 
series of fine irregularly shaped spots across disc to tornus. 
The upper one is between veins 5 and 6, the next two are 
close together and between veins 3, 4 and 4, 5. The next is 
the largest and is immediately below cell between veins 2, 3, 
and the last is placed just above vein 16. Hind wing very 
small, dark steely blue except for a small transparent spot at 
base. 

Expanse 35-mm. 

Hab. W. Africa, Cameroons, Bitje, Ja River, 2000 ft., 
Oct.-Nov. 1912. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


Chrysocale olivotincta, sp. n. 


Base of palpi white and some white scaling on fore coxe. 
Frons black. Tegule with a few white scales. Thorax 
black. Abdomen black, with segments 3, 4, 5, 6 edged above 
with clayish ochreous and with a series of white dorsal spots 
on all the segments except the last, which is black. Fore 
wing dark olive-green, with an elongated transparent spot 
below the median. A faint indication of a white mark just 
above within the cell. Hind wing very dark olive-green, 
with a large wedge-shaped area below the cell transparent, 
but not reaching base or inner margin. A lateral series of 
white spots to abdomen and two or three ventral white spots. 
Legs black except for the white on fore cox. 

Expanse 48 mm. 

Hab. ? 

The species looks as if it might have come from the same 
locality as Chrysocale enigma, but this is mere conjecture. 
This is a Chrysocale in all points of neuration, but there is rio 
rough hair on the abdomen. It comes close to Chrysocale 


im the Joicey Collection. 89 


chryseis, which appears in Hampson’s ‘ Catalogue Phalenz,’ 
vol. i. under Calonotos. 


Type in Coll. Joicey. 


Cyanopepla fulgurata, sp. n. 


Palpi black, with some white scales above, metallic green 
beneath. Frons, collar, tegule, and patagia metallic green. 
Thorax black, with metallic green, abdomen green. Fore 
wing black, with a rather narrow crimson band com- 
mencing below costa and finishing just before tornus. Be- 
tween veins 4 and 5a short metallic-green streak. At base 
extending nearly to discal band four metallic-green streaks. 
Cilia black, at tip white. Hind wing brilliant metallic blue. 
In the median area and on inner margin slightly paler. 
Cilia black on apical margin and white on inner margin. 

Expanse 36 mm. 

Hab, N. Peru, Pachitea. 

This may be a race of C. julia, but it has slightly less 
elongated wings and a completely blue hind wing. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


Cyanopepla parvistria, sp. n. 


Palpi black above, metallic green below. Collar and tegule 
metallic green; patagia black, with some metallic-green 
sealing. Abdomen metallic green. Fore wing black, with a 
very narrow discal crimson band. A minute green dot on 
costa at base and a metallic-green streak along vein 15 heavy 
at base. Hind wing deep metallic blue without any greenish 
shade. | 

Expanse 50 mm. 

Hab, Unknown. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


ACUTIA, gen. nov. 


Proboscis fully developed, but weak. Antenne bipecti- 
nated. Spurs to mid tibia minute. Fore wing with vein 2 
placed very far back. Veins 3 and 4 before angle, 5 from 
angle, 6 from middle of discocellulars, 7 from upper angle, 
8 and 9 stalked, 10 and 11 from cell. Hind wing with 2 long 
before end of cell, 3 and 4 shortly stalked from angle of cell, 
5 from middle of discocellulars. 

Type, A. bidensis. 


90 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide de. 


Acutia bidensis, sp. n. 


g. Fore wing very long and narrow, the base with a 
golden streak. Margin and apical half dark brownish black. 
A large transparent patch within the cell and a much larger 
double transparent patch immediately below. A small square 
transparent spot in apex, divided by vein 5. Hind wing 
small, greatly pointed at apex, yellow, with the apex rather 
broadly black. A small grey patch on costa. Abdomen 
segmented with yellow. Head black, collar orange. Thorax 
black, metathorax yellow. 

?. Similar to male, except that the transparent patches 
are much more yellowish. The hind wing larger, less pointed. 
The fore wing more ample. 

Expanse 26 mm. 

Hab. Sarawak, Bidi, 1907-8 (C. J. Brooks). 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


Aithria tenumarginata, sp. n. 


3S. Palpi black above, white beneath. Coxe above white, 
beneath black. Frons with some white scales. © Tegule 
mostly metallic blue, but with some white scales. Patagia 
metallic blue. Abdomen dark metallic bluish green, with a 
large crimson anal tuft. Fore wing bluish hyaline, with 
narrow black margins and narrow discoidal black spot. Hind 
wing bluish hyaline, with a narrow black margin hardly 
broader than the costal and inner margin Of fore wing. 

Expanse 27 mm. 

Hab. French Guiana, St. Laurent. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


Phenicoprocta variabilis, sp. 0. 


6. Head black, frons metallic peacock-blue. Tegule with 
some metallic blue and orange scales, Patagia orange. 
Metathorax with a patch of blue. Abdomen with subdorsal 
stripe of metallic green. Anal tuft crimson. Antenne 
black, bipectinated, under surface white at tips. Fore cox 
white below, crimson above. Mid and hind coxz with some 
crimson hair. Fore wing dull brownish black, partly hyaline 
at base of cell and immediately below. Hind wing trans- 
parent, with a broad black margin. 

Expanse 26 mm. 

Ab. melapatagia. sa, 

Tegule and patagia black, with a few metallic-blue scales. 

Hab. Panama, Bugaba. 


Type in Coll. Joicey. 


I 


in the Joicey Collection, I1 


Pheia attenuata, sp. n. 


Head black. Minute crimson dots behind the eyes. 
Tegule with bright crimson spots preceded by some metallic- 
green scaling. Base of patagia crimson. Abdomen black, 
with some metallic-green scaling. On first segment a pair 
of crimson dots. Fore wing black and transparent. Costa 
narrowly black. Apex rather broadly black and at tornus a 
rather heavy black area. Discoidal spot black. Hind wing 
transparent, the apex broadly black, inner margin narrowly 
black. Abdomen beneath with all but the last three segments 
white. 

Expanse 26 mm. 

lab. Panama, Gatun, 1. ii. 1913 (A. Hall). 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


_ 


Pheia simillima, sp. n. 


Frons, tegule, collar, and vertex of head with metallic- 
green scaling. Thorax and patagia dark brownish black. 
Metathorax with metallic green, Second abdominal segment 
with subdorsal crimson spots. Abdomen black, with some 
metallic-green scaling, terminal segment crimson. Fore wing 
diaphanous, with margins and discocellular spot black. Apex 
rather broadly black and an extension inwards at tornus. 
Hind wing diaphanous, with outer margin narrowly black, 
greatly reduced’ between veins 2 and 4, Abdomen beneath 
with the first three segments covered by large white valve. 
Fore cox pink beneath. 

Expanse 23 mm. 

Hab. Upper Amazon, Rio Ucayali. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


| Huagra monoscopa, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen dark peacock-blue. Fore wing 
with the base brilliant blue, the apex bluish black; a large 
trapezoidal transparent area between veins 2 and 3, bounded 
above by the wall of the cell and terminating just before 
outer margin. Hind wing deep brilliant blue, darkest near 
the outer margin. 

Expanse 34 mm. 

Hab. EK. Ecuador, Alpayacu, Rio Pastazza (MZ. G. Palmer). 

Type in Coll. Joicey. . 

This insect strongly recalls Agyrta monoplaga, which las 
the same scheme of colouring and a hind wing without any 
transparent area. 


92 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new Nymphalide ce. 


Coreura sinerubra, sp. ni. : 


Palpi with the basal joint orange. Collarorange. Thorax, 
tegule, and patagia dull greenish black. Abdomen dull 
metallic green. Fore wing dull greyish black, with a straight 
transverse pale yellowish narrow band across disc just touching 
the discocellulars and ending just short of the tornus. Hind 
wing rather dull greyish metallic green; cilia yellow. Fore 
wing below with the transverse yellowish band much wider 
than above. Hind wing below with the yellow colour of the 
cilia extending to margin of wing. Both wings dull blackish, 
with a slight metallic gloss. 

Expanse 44 mm. 

Hab, N. Peru, W. slope of Andes, 4000 ft. (Pratt). 

Type in Coll Joicey. 


Heliura guadriflavata, sp. n. 


Head dark brownish black, collar orange. Thorax dark 
brownish black, metathorax with orange patch. Abdomen 
blackish. Fore wing olivaceous, with transparent patches. 
The base blackish, with a conspicuous orange spot. A long 
transparent area lying just beneath the cell and a triangular 
transparent area occupying the middle of the cell. The veins 
olivaceous and two ,-shaped olive marks on the inner margin, 
Four rectangular-shaped hyaline spots in pairs forming a 
discal band. The extreme tip of the wing whitish. Hind 
wing transparent, with the apex very broadly black and the 
inner margin much less narrowly black. Fore and hind 
wing below wholly black and transparent, without any viola- 
ceous tint. Coxze pink and the basal half of mid and hind 
femora also pink. 

Eixpanse 38 mm. 

flab. French Guiana. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


Napata levata, sp. n. 


Frons bluish white. Bluish-white spots on gulz, patagia, 
tegule, and behind the antennee. Fore wing very dark olive- 
green, with a small hyaline spot at end of cell; asimilar spot 
near base of cell, with a large semicircular spot immediately 
below the cell. ‘Two pairs of spots on disc—one pair just 
beyond end of cell and the other pair between veins 3, 4 and 
4, 5,—the smaller spot of the two here uppermost, while in 
the former case it is reversed. Hind wing with a large 
double basal hyaline spot and a hyaline spot in the cell, the 
rest of the wing dark olive-green. Metathorax with metallic- 
ereen spot. Abdomen with a pair of greenish-white spots on 


in the Joicey Collection. 93 


first segment; the remaining segments metallic cupreous, 
with the segmental joints darker. 

Expanse 46 mm. 

Hab, H.C. Peru, Chanchamayo. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


Delphyre leucomela, sp. n.* 

Fore coxe orange, midand hind coxe black ; palpi black ; 
collar orange ; thorax and abdomen black. Fore wing dark 
brownish black, with a semihyaline roundish discoeellular 
spot; discal area paler brownish, with elongated black 
divided streaks along the veins ; median area of wing blackish ; 
a triangular semihyaline spot near base within the cell and a 
large elongated spot immediately below. Hind wing with 
the larger basal half semihyaline; a broad black marginal 
band, broadest at apex and narrowest at lower corner of cell. 
Underside of fore wing dull black except for hyaline spots; 
hind wing as above, except for some brownish scaling at outer 
margin. 

Iixpanse 28 mm. 

Hab. French Guiana. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


Family Sphingide. 


TIMORIA, gen. nov. 

Type, 7’. concolorata. 

3 ¢. Antenna slender, rather short, ending in a short 
hook and bristle at the apex. Tongue very long. Palpus 
rather short, not conspicuously protruding. Eyes large, not 
Jashed. Wings long and rather narrow. Abdomen long. 
Legs long, without spines on tibize. Tarsi very heavily 
spined ; mid and hind tarsi with long combs at base ; first 
segment of hind tagsus very long, and longer than the other 
four joints together ; hind tarsus altogether Jess than twice 
the length of the cell. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wing from 
angle of cell. Pulvillus and paronychium present, the latter 
with two flaps on each side. 

Hab. Timor Laut. 

The genus differs from Meganoton by the shorter antennze 
and much shorter hook, the non-stalking of veins 6 and 7 
of hind wing, and by the shorter and less robust legs; the 
palpus is also markedly smaller and less protruding. 


Timoria coneolorata, sp. n. 


@. Fore wing dull blackish brown, with small pale discal 
spot ; several indistinct darker striz ; a dark brown elongated 


94 Mr. Hf. A. Baylis on a new Species of 


basal patch ; a heavily dented and strongly curved postmedian 
line; a subapical triangular brown patch, succeeded by an 
intraneural series of large» brown subterminal patclies ; cilia 
conspicuously chequered with white and brown. Hind wing 
dull brown, paler than fore wing, with three darker indica- 
tions of transverse bands near base ; basal area pale brownish 

rey. Abdomen with a broad greyish-black dorsal stripe and 
subdorsal black and white patches ; at base of first segment 
subdorsal tufts of orange. ‘Thorax blackish brown. Abdo- 
men below pale, whitish. 

Expanse 100-110 mm. 

Hab. Tenimber Island (W. J. Frost), 1918; 2 ¢ ¢. 

Type in Coll. Joicey. 


XIII.—A new Species of the Nematode Genus Crossocephalus 
from the Rhinoceros. By H. A. Bayuts, M.A. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


THE genus Crossocephalus has hitherto been known only 
from its type-species, C. viviparus (v. Linstow)*, which 
occurs in the zebra. I have now to place on record a second 
form, parasitic in a rhinoceros (2. sumatrensis) from the 
Malay Peninsula. The material at my disposal is unfortu- 
nately not in the most perfect state of preservation, but it 
serves for the purpose of a brief description, and is sufficient, 
in my opinion, to warrant the erection of a new species. 
Incidentally it also throws some light on a matter which has 
been a source of confusion in the descriptions of C. viviparus, 
viz., the structure of the very complicated and peculiar 
mouth-apparatus. m 


Crossocephalus longicaudatus, sp. 0. 


Host: Rhinoceros sumatrensis. 

This is a short, stout little worm, tapering rather suddenly 
at the anterior end, in the region of the cesophagus. The 
male measures about 7 mm. in length* and 0°5 mm. in 
maximum thickness, the female 9 to 10 mm. in length and 
about 0°63 mm. in thickness. The cuticle has very fine 
transverse striations. ‘There are no lateral ale. ‘The mouth 
is provided with six chitinous jaws (fig. 1, J.), each of which 
bears a row of bristles externally, and a sharp, slightly curved 


* Pterocephalus viviparus, vy. Linst., 1899; Crossocephalus viviparus, 
Railliet, 1909. 


Crossocephalus from the Rhinoceros. 95 


tooth at its free end. The jaws are arranged in three pairs, 
with the bristles of each pair turned towards each other. 
Between the pairs of jaws there are very slightly raised 
papille (fig. 1, P.). The jaws may either be everted and 
project forward, as in the figure, or they may. be completely 
inverted into the buccal end of the cesophagus, in which ease 
the teeth point backwards, and the rows of bristles meet in 
the middle of the lumen. Behind the head there is a cuticular 
collar, bearing on each side a very large forwardly curved 
papilla (fig. 1, C.P.). When the jaws are inverted these 
papillz: project in front of the head like a pair of horns or 
ears. No second pair of “ neck-papille’’ corresponding to 
those of C. viviparus has been detected. 


Fig. 1. 


O-4 mr. 


Crossocephalus longicaudatus. The head, showing the jaws in the everted 
position; dorsal view, highly magnified. 


C.P., ear-like papilla on the cuticular collar; J., jaw; P., oral papilla. 


The cesophagus is. about 1 mm. long, and expands into a 
bulb before opening into the intestine. 

The excretory pore is situated at about 2 mm. (slightly less 
in the male) from the-anterior end. It is in the form of a 
long transverse slit on the ventral surface, having its lips 
enclosed within an oval border of radiating cuticular ridges, 
as has been described and figured by Gedoelst (1916) in the 
case-of the type-species. 

In the male the tail (fig. 2) is 0°25-0-3 mm. long, and has 
a fairly well-marked ventral flexure. ‘There are no ale. 
The spicules (fig. 2, 8.) are unequal in length, measuring 


96 ‘Mr. H. A. Baylis on a new Species of 


respectively (in a straight line from base to tip) about 
0-44 mm. and 0:24 mm. The caudal papille are rather 
large and conical. ‘There are ten pairs, four preanal (fig. 2, 
I-IV) and six postanal (fig. 2, 7-6). The fourth preanal 
pair (JV) and the fifth postanal (5), counting from the tail- 
tip, are laterally placed. ‘The second postanal pair (2) are 
actually dorsal in position. 

The body of the female narrows suddenly at the base of 
the tail. The anus opens in a transverse fold of the cuticle, 
which is followed by several wrinkles. The tail tapers to a 


Fig. 2. 


Crossocephalus longicaudatus. Lateral view of the tail of the male, 
highly magnified. 


S., spicules; 1-6, postanal papille ; I-IV, preanal papille. 


fine point, and is 1'7 mm. to 1°9 mm. long. ‘The position of 
the vulva has not been made out with certainty, but it is 
probably very close to the anus. The uterus contains 
embryos in various stages of development, not always enclosed 
in an egg-membrane, and often of very large size, so that the 
species is evidently viviparous, like the type-species. 

The chief points in which this species differs from C. vivi- 


Crossocephalus from the Rhinoceros. 97 


parus, according to the descriptions of v. Linstow (1899) and 
ot Gedoelst (1916), are :— 


(1) The much greater length of the tail in the female. 

(2) The absence of a second, flattened pair of neck- 
papillee behind the cuticular collar bearing the 
long ear-like papillee. 

(3) The absence of the six curved anterior spines 
(‘‘crochets” of Gedoelst; ‘‘ Haken ” of v. Linstow) 
on the lips when the jaws are in the inverted 
position, 

(4) The larger number of caudal papille in the male. 


The following comparative table of measurements in the 
two species may serve to complete the foregoing account. It 
will be observed that the correspondence between them is 
remarkably close, the most striking exception being the 
length of the tail in the female. All the measurements are 
in millimetres. The figures in square brackets have been 
calculated from v. Linstow’s fractional measurements :— 


C. viviparus C. viviparus : 
(v. Linstow). (Gedoelst). LE 


SIE. MoH Sie te Res 3 a: 
LES eee ee 632 676 |... 55-95 70 = =9-10 
Thickness: ..< +s. 0-43 0°55 .. 0:28-0°512; 05 0°63 
Length of ceso- 
phagua. 2.5.) 1:02] [0°9] -- 10-115 10 10 
Length of tail ..| [0°26] [0°55] | .. 0°575 = (0:25-0°3 1°7-1:2 
Length of spi-| | 0°35, 0-44, 
BIER ote 34) ste 0-26 F fit 0°24 ie 
Vulva from anus. .. [2°34] | .. 0°192-0:208) . (probably 
(probably an close to 
error), anus), 
Excretory pore) (close behind 
from ant. end .| esophagus). | .. 19-22 (|(lessthan2), 2:0 
Excr. pore, out- 


' side measure- 
ments of stri- 


ated border .. ee Pe .. 04x0:055 0°31 x 0:07 
Do., thickness of 
border ..:..-. a zs ee OO: 0:025 


As regards the structure of the mouth-parts, it has already 
been stated that some confusion exists in the descriptions of 
C. viviparus. ‘his appears to have been due to the fact 
that v. Linstow (1899) saw examples with the jaws in both 
positions—everted and inverted,—whereas Gedoelst (1916) 
was dealing only with specimens having the jaws inverted 


98 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and 


within the cesophagus. It must he admitted, however, that 
the figures accompanying v. Linstow’s account are decidedly 
confusing, and it is not improbable that a failure to recognize 
the manner in which the entire jaws fold down, like the 
blades of a penknife, into the cesophagus, has been at the root 
of the matter. The condition in the present species makes it 
almost certain that the action of the jaws will be found to be 
the same in C. viviparus. 

One other point remains to-be noticed. It does not seem 
at all clear that the “kegelformige Spitzen” of v. Linstow 
are the same as the “ papilles céphaliques” of Gedoelst, as 
the latter supposes, since the former not only figures them as 
being within the six “ Haken,” but expressly states that this 
is the case. The fact that both authors describe and figure 
six outwardly directed hooks on the lips in addition to what 
I have termed the jaws (‘ Fliigel”” of v. Linstow, “lames 
pectinées? of Gedoelst) seems to indicate that they are both 
referring to the same structure. The presence of the 
“ Spitzen,”? however, seems doubtful, and one is rather led to 
believe that v. Linstow’s account, in this particular, may be 
erroneous, possibly as the result of a misinterpretation of the 
structure of the jaws. The present species apparently 
possesses neither the “Spitzen” nor the ‘ Haken,” but it 
occurs to meas not impossible that the incurved terminal 
teeth of the jaws, when partly, but not wholly, everted, might, 
by crossing each other, give rise to the appearance of six 
forwardly-directed points occupying the centre of the oral 
ererture. 

“The writer’s thanks are again due to Dr. G. A. K. Marshall, 
of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, for the opportunity 
of examining this material, which was collected by Mr. T. R. 
Hubback. 

REFERENCES. 
Grportst,L. 1916. ‘Notes sur la Faune Parasitaire du Congo belge,” 
Revue Zool. Afric. v. fase. 1, p. 1. 


Linsrow, O. von. 1899. ‘Nematoden aus der Berliner Zoologischen 
Sammlung,” Mitt. Mus. Nat. Berlin, 1. 2. 


XIV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXXXVI. 
By T. D. A. Cocxeruii, University of Colorado. 


Tur Indian bees recorded below were all received from 
Mr. T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar. 
Crocisa ramakrishne, Cockerell. 
Bangalore, at flowers of Cosmos, Aug. 25 (T. B. F.); 


Records of Bees. 99 


Taliparamba, Malabar District, Sept. 830-Oct. 4 (Rama- 
krishna Ayyar). 
Crocisa histrio (Fabricius). 
Beeravalli-Bellary District (C. N.). India. 


Crocisa macraspis, sp. u. 

¢ .—Length about 10 mm. 

Robust, black, with clear white markings (hair-patches) ; 
anterior wings fuliginous ; scutellum unusually large, the 
apical incision broad and open, but with straight sides; no 
‘white hair on scutellum, but a large white tuft beneath the 
incision; thoracic markings with the usual pattern, but 
median line reduced to a rather small elongate mark, stripe 
above tegulze reduced to anterior portion, median and 
posterior mesothoracie spots large and rounded; pleura with 
a very broad median transverse band, narrowly connected 
anteriorly with a large patch beneath wings, aud an isolated 
round spot ventrally ; anierior and middle tibiz covered 
with white hair on outer side, hind tibie with about the 
basal half white, the white divided from the black diagonally ; 
hind basitarsi with a small tuft of white near base; head 
with white hair; white on abdomen reduced to lateral 
patches; on first segment shaped much like a bird’s head 
and neck (reversed), the inner projection broad and obtuse, 
but narrowing toward end; marks on the other segments 
broader than long. The hind femora have a rounded keel 
beneath, but no tooth. . 

Saidapet farm, Sept. 6, 1907, on flower (7. V. R.). The 
locality is in Madras. 

Differs from C. ramosa by the much larger scutellum, 
_ abdominal markings, &c.; the scutellum is also quite different 
from that of C. ramosella. Compared with C. reductula, it is 
larger and broader, with more white hair on tibiz. 


Crocisa chionotricha, sp. n. 

? .—Length about 9 mm. 

Looks like C. ramosella, Ckll., but is smaller, with the 
markings pure white (instead of creamy white), scutellum 
with white hair above the notch, and no long stripe of white 
hair above the tegule. Anterior wings fuliginous; head 
with white hair; markings of thorax as usual, anterior 
median band reaching level of anterior end of middle pair of 
spots, s'ripe above tegu e reduced to a large cuneiform mark 
anteriorly ; posterior mesothoracic spots oblique ; pleura 
marked nearly as in C. macraspis; scutellum deeply incised, 
W-like, the points acute; middle tibiz with rather more, 
and hind tibize with rather less, than basal half covered with 


100 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and 


white hair; abdominal markings reduced to lateral patches, 
those on first segment shaped like a boot, those on second 
curved upward and broadly emarginate laterally (shaped like 
a human mandible), the others broader than long. 

Coimbatore, S. India, the type Feb. 7, 1913 (T. V. R.); 
another Jan. 1, 1913 (4. G. R.). 

In Friese’s tables this runs to C. ramosa, but the seutellum 
is quite different. 


Crocisa reducta, Cockerell. 
Described from Singapore, but the same species comes 


from the Island of Penang (Baker). 
The posterior and lateral mesothoracic markings have 
much the outline of the stem and bowl of a clay pipe. 


Crocisa crucifera, Cockerell. 
Described from the Philippine Is., but I cannot separate 
one from Sancdakan, Borneo (Baker, 9966). 


Anthophora violacea, Lepeletier. 
Parlakimedi, Nayaranapuram, Ganjam District, India, 
May 1914 (Ramakrishna Ayyar). @. 


Anthophora cingulifera, Cockerell. 
Rockhill, 3500 ft., Coorg, Sidapur, April 1913(7.V.R.).¢. 


Anthophora confusa, Smith. 
Pulney Hills, 8. India, May 1917 (P. 8. Nathan). 2. 


Anthophora zonata (Linnzus). 
Rockhill, 3500 ft., Coorg, Sidapur, April 1913(7.V.R.).9. 


Celioxys apicata, Smith. : 

‘Coimbatore, India, January, May, October, November 

(T. V. R., A. G. R.); Devanakonda, Kurnool District, 
August (Ponniah). All females. 


Celioxys dormitans, Cockerell. 

Coimbatore, February, on wheat-ear (P. S.); Yemmi- 
ganur, Bellary District, December (Ponniah). Females. 

The female of C. dormitans differs from that of C. apicata 
in the venation, the first recurrent nervure meeting the first 
transverso-cubital. In other respects they are so much alike 
that one hesitates to regard them as distinct. The type of 
C. apicata was a female from Northern India, in the Baly 
collection. My knowledge of the venation (not mentioned 
in Smith’s description) comes from a female from “ India,” 
from F, Smith’s collection. The group of species or races 


Records of Bees. 101 


related to C. decipiens, Spinola, presents difficulties which 
can only be overcome in the presence of more material from 
various localities. 


Celioxys sexmaculata, Cameron. 


Coimbatore, May 5 (7. V. R.); Devanakonda, Aug. 15 
(Tav,, Re). > Kemales: 

According to Bingham’s table this should have “ tarsi 
with golden pubescence,” a character derived from Cameron’s 
description. The specimens before me have pale ferruginous 
hair on the inner side of the tarsi only ; the hind basitarsi 
have white hair on the outer surface. No doubt Cameron 
referred to this condition. In the case of C. fulvitarsis, 
which he says is near to seemaculata, he definitely states that 
the rufo-fulvous hair is on the under side of the tarsi. 


Celioxys pachyrhina, sp. nu. 

? .—Length about 13°5 mm., anterior wing 8 mm.. 

Black, including legs and tegule, except that the an- 
terior legs, especially the tibiz, are rufescent anteriorly, 
and the middle legs are also partly rufescent; pubescence 
forming pure white markings, the white areas including 
sides of face, cheeks, upper part of pleura, patch before 
tegule, spot behind tegule, sides of metathorax, linear 
bands on hind margins of abdominal segments, expanding 
laterally, broad longitudinal bands on each side of first 
segment, base and middle of first ventral segment, and 
broad interrupted bands on ventral segments 2 to 4; 
clypeus very prominent and very strongly keeled (roof-like), 
very convex in lateral profile; a broad flattened longitudinal 
elevation from the front to the upper margin of clypeus ; 
mesothorax strongly punctured, with a median anterior patch 
of slightly yellowish pubescence, and there are two yellowish- 
white spots at base of scutellum ; scutellum rugoso-punctate 
all over, very broadly rounded ; axillar spines prominent. 
Wings pale fuliginous ; first r.1. Joining second s.m., as far 
from base as the second from apex; hind spurs pale dull 
reddish. Abdomen strongly punctured : last dorsal segment 
elongated, shining, the narrow apical part strongly keeled ; 
last ventral very narrow, with entire margins, extending far 
beyond dorsal, and curved downward, its basal margins 
(under the dorsal plate) fringed with white hair, 

Devanakonda, Kurnool District, India, Aug. 15, 1913 
(PT. Vi Tle 

In Bingham’s table runs to C. confusa, Smith, from which 
it is easily known by the structure of clypeus and front. A 

Ann. & Maa N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 8 


102 Mr. I. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and 


really related species, with darker wings and stout axillar 
spines, is C. philippensis, Bingham, from the Philippine Is. 


Celioxys ramakrishne, sp. un. 

3S .—Length slightly over 10 mm. 

Black, including legs and tegule ; eyes greenish, with 
abundant short hair; face and clypeus flat, covered with 
white hair ; cheeks with a broad depressed sharply defined 
band, filled with snow-white hair; vertex with large 
punctures ; antenne black ; mesothorax and scutellum with 
very large punctures, not covering the whole surface ; no 
hair-spots on mesothorax ; scutellum broadly rounded pos- 
teriorly ; axillar spines large ; pleura not densely hairy, but 
a white line runs down from the tubercles ; tegule black. 
Wings dilute fuliginous, hyaline basally; second sub- 
marginal cell receiving recurrent nervures almost equally 
far from base and apex; anterior cox spined. Abdomen 
polished, strongly but sparsely punctured, hind margins of 
segments with linear white hair-bands, broadening laterally ; 
sides of first segment with only a rather thin and narrow 
longitudinal band ; fifth segment with a small spine on each 
side ; sixth (terminal) segment with long and slender lateral 
spines at base, and four apical ones, the lowermost long and 
slender. The fourth ventral segment is entire. Hind spurs 
dark reddish. 

Coimbatore, India, February (7. V. R.). 

Runs in Bingham’s table to C. confusa, Smith, but appears 
to differ by the longer axillar spines, more strongly 
punctured abdomen, and the very small (scarcely noticeable), 
white hair-marks at base of scutellum. Smith described the 
female, and Bingham only gives two lines of description 
for male confusa, so exact comparisons cannot be made. 
Meade-Waldo, on comparing types, found that Cameron’s 
C. tenuilineata from Simla was confusa. This differs from 
our insect by the dense hair on base and apex of mesopleura, 
and the emarginate scutellum. No doubt the two insects 
are allied, but I believe them to be distinct. 


Nomioides patruelis, sp. 0. 

? .—Length about 4 mm. 

Head circular seen from in front, dark bluish green ; 
clypeus, a small round supraclypeal mark, labrum, mandibles 
(except the ferruginous apical part), and the long scape in 
front, all pale yellow ; flagellum pale yellowish ferruginous 
beneath, reddish brown above; mesothorax bright green, 
shining ; plevra dark green; metathorax black, the base 
finely rugose; upper border of prothorax, tubercles, line 


Records of Bees. 103 


bordering axilla, two large eye-shaped areas on scutellum, 
and postscutellum, all pale yellow. Wings hyaline, with 
extremely pale nervures and stigma; first r.n. meeting 
second t.-c.; second s.m. narrowed practically to a point 
above. Legs very dark brown basally, the apices of the 
femora and the tibiz and tarsi wholly yellow. Abdomen 
cream-colored, the first segment basally suffused with reddish, 
with a dark dot on each side, and its apical region with a 
very broad well-defined black band, the margin narrowly 
reddish ; segments 2 and 8 with arched black bands, leaving 
a broad pale reddish area posteriorly except at sides ; seg- 
ments 4 and 5 with the bands broken into a large median 
spot and a band on each side; venter suffused with dusky 
reddish. 

Shevaroys-Yergand, India, 4500 ft., April 21-May 13 
(Y. R.). 

Very similar to N. parvula, Fabr. ( pulchella, Sch., cerca, 
Nurse), but easily separated by the broader head, green 
eyes, two marks on scutellum, and heavy abdominal banding. 


Stelis tuberculata, sp. nu. 


? —Length about 6 mm. 

Black, with creamy-white markings as follows: band 
along each side of clypeus (and sometimes whole upper part), 
broad band on each side of face (narrowing above, ending as 
a free finger-like projection close to upper end of each eye). 
stripe on upper part of cheeks (away from eye), interrupted 
band on occiput, small spot on tubercles, L-shaped mark at 
lateral anterior corners of mesothorax, spot on axille, 
interrupted band on scutellum, under side of anterior and 
middle femora, and short stripe on hind ones, stripe on 
anterior tibiz in front (the knees are ferruginous), large 
mark on each side of first abdominal segment, very broadly 
interrupted band on second segment, less broadly interrupted 
one on third, narrowly interrupted band on fourth and fifth, 
but these also interrupted laterally. Mandibles with a 
yellowish spot near base, and a large red one subapically ; 
lower part of clypeus with two prominent tubercles : 
flagellum dark red beneath; tegule piceous, with a pallid 
mark in front. Wings hyaline, with a dusky apical cloud ; 
second r.n. going beyond end of second s.m. Mesothorax 
dull, very closely and finely punctured. Abdomen shining, 
with distinct punctures; pulvilli small, but distinct ; 
anterior cox with a white apical spot. 

Coorg Sanivarsandai, Hansey Estate, India, 4000 ft., on 
coffee, April 29-30, 1918 (7.V.R.), type. Another 


104 Descriptions and Records of Bees. 


is marked Coorg Sidapur, Rockhill, 3500 ft., April 23-26, 
1919 (7. V. R.). 

Readily known from S. parvula, Cam., by the tuberculate 
elypeus. 


Lithurgus australior, Cockerell. 

Described from the male. A female is from Coimbatore, 
India, Dec, 24, 1918 (Ramakrishna Ayyar). It is about 
125 mm. long, and runs in Friese’s table nearest to the 
Australian L. dentipes, but the structure of the face is 
different. It is very near LZ. scabrosus (Smith), but the 
white hair-bands on abdomen are broader. The ventral 
scopa is brownish black. 


Ceratina binghami, Cockerell. 
Salem, India, Dec. 2-18, 1914 (Ramakrishna Ayyar). 


Nomia iridescens, Smith. 
Bangalore, India, May (7. V. f.). 


Nomia histrionica, sp. i. 

g .—Length about 10°5 mm. 

Running in Bingham’s table to N. curvipes, from which - 
it differs conspicuously in the mesothorax, which shows the 
black densely and minutely punctured surface, with a con- 
spicuous band of ochreous hair all around the margins ; in 
the smaller scutellum, the creamy-white hair of metathorax, 
the ivory-colour (not greenish or reddish) abdominal bands, 
the hair fringing sixth abdominal segment white, and the 
clear red (instead of black) basal part of hind femora. In 
my table in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XXXVil. p. 233, it runs to 
N. aureohirta, Cam., to which it is also closely allied, differing 
by the paler hair of face, the flagellum chestnut-red beneath, 
the mesothorax as described above, the scutellum with the 
densely punctured surface exposed, the broad tegumentary 
abdominal bands bare, and the hind tibize with a large black 
spot. ~The shape of the hind tibiz is also highly charac- 
teristic ; the anterior margin is undulating, so that the whole 
tibia resembles the head of a deer, the apical lamina 
representing the ear. The abdomen has a well-developed 
subapical dentiform process. It is also related to N. 
eburnigera, Ckll., but the face and abdomen are broader, and 
the hind tibia is different. It is quite distinct from N. 
julvohirta, Cam., and N. varipes, Cam., from Allahabad. 

Koilpaty, Tinnevelly, India, Dec. 3, 1906 (7. V. R.). 


Andronicus cylindricus, Cresson. 


Boulder, Colorado, May 14, 1919, 3 (Katherine Fitz- 
gerald). 


THE ANNALS 
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
[NINTH SERIES.} 


No. 21. SEPTEMBER 1919. 


XV.—Notes on Platypodide and Scolytide collected by 
Mr. G. E. Bryant and others. By Ut.-Col. Winn 
Sampson, F.E.S. 


Tue following pages do not complete the descriptions of the 
very varied examples placed in the writer’s hands for exami- 
nation, but it is hoped that the rest of the specimens may 
be dealt with at an early date. At present, Mr. Bryant’s 
collection has been found to contain 


Family Platypodide. 


Genus Crossorarsus, Chap. 


Crossotarsus wallacei, Thoms. Malacca, Borneo, Sumatra. 


A good series of both sexes from Sarawak (Mt. Matang 
and Quop). 


Crossotarsus penicillatus, Chap., ? (lege ¢). Borneo. 

A number of specimens were taken on Mt. Matang, and 
several females taken at the same time coincide so exactly 
with the description of C. cincinnatus, Chap., that there is 
little doubt the two species are merely the sexes of C. peni- 
cillatus, Chap. 


Crossotarsus penicillatus, Chap., ¢ (lege 3), 3 (lege ?), 
nov. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 9 


106 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on 


Crossotarsus wollastoni, Chap., 2 (lege ¢). Borneo. 


Amongst the specimens of this species taken in Sarawak 
(Quop) is one that may be the female (nec Chap.), but 
further material is necessary before deciding the question. 


Crossotarsus squamulatus, Chap., ¢ (lege ¢). Java. 


Hitherto only taken in Java, but now captured by 
Mr. Bryant at Penang and Sarawak (Quop). 

Herr Strohmeyer suggests that C. fragmentus, Samp., may 
be the male of this spegies. My type, now in the British 
Museum, was described from a Singapore specimen, and 
since then I have received a long series of both sexes bred 
by Mr. C. F. C. Beeson, Imperial Forest Zoologist, Dehra 
Dun, from Sundri Wood, the females of which agree with 
Chapuis’s type in the British Museum; but if my species is 
the male, then C. sguamulatus, Chap., must be transferred 
to the group subdepressi from the coleoptrati. 

As regards Strohmeyer’s further suggestion, that C. fractus, 
Samp., may be the male of C. venustus, Chap., he has over- 
looked the fact that Mr. Blanford described the male of this 
species twenty-four years ago (Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, 
vol. xv., April 1895, p. 324). 


Genus PuatyPus, Chap. 


Platypus perrisi, Chap., 3 ¢ (lege ¢ ¢). Borneo, Malacca. 


Further specimens from Sarawak (Mt. Matang) and a 
female from Penang. 


Platypus westwoodi, Chap., ¢ (lege 3). Borneo. 


One male from Penang, also a single female from Sarawak 
(Mt. Matang) that is probably the undescribed female of 
this species or P. signatus, Chap. 


Platypus solidus, Walk. Ceylon, India, Sunda Is. 
Two specimens from Penang. 


Platypus pilifrons, Chap.,¢. India and Indian Archipelago. 


One example from Penang. 

Chapuis considered this to be the male (lege ?) of 
P. solidus Walk. Herr Strohmeyer has not mentioned this 
species in his fascicule in the ‘ Genera Insectorum,’ although 
it is placed in the group Platypi Oxyuri in his list of the 
Platypodide (Coleopt. Catalog. W. Junk, 20, vi. 1912, 
p. 17). 


Platypodide and Scolytide. 107 


Platypus candezei, Chap., 3 2 (lege? 3g). Borneo, Malacca. 


A single male specimen from Sarawak (Puak) and others 
from Sarawak (Mt. Matang). 


Platypus suffodiens, Samp. 


In the description of this species published in the Ann. & 
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xii., Nov. 1913, the following 
was accidentally omitted, and should be added at the 
end of the description of the male: The abdominal segments 
in both sexes are hairy, the fourth segment in the male 
having a transverse row of stiff bristles on each side of the 
centre, the other segments being furnished with transverse 
rows of piliferous tubercles, the fifth segment being the 
most strongly tuberculate at the apex and variclose on the 
rest of the surface ; in the female, the hairs are more scanty 
and the variolosity slighter. 


Genus Drapus, Chap. 


Diapus pusillimus, Chap., § 2 (lege 2 g). New Guinea. 


Both sexes from Penang and a male from Sarawak (Mt. 
Matang). 


Diapus quinquespinatus, Chap., g ? (lege 2 3). Celebes, 
Borneo, New Guinea, Morty, Java. 


The sexes were taken at Sarawak (Mt. Matang). 


Family Scolytide. 


Genus Diamerus, Er. 


The following new species was taken by Mr. Bryant in 
Sarawak (Mt. Merinjak) :— 


Diamerus merinjaki, sp. n. 

Black, slightly shining. Front elongate, concave, and 
narrow, covered with palish hairs and closely punctured, 
with a slight central depression ; eyes large, vertical and not 
emarginate ; antennz inserted at the base of the eyes in 
deep depressions; the funicular joints slightly hairy, the 
antennal club elongate and broadened apically, the surface 
solid with two lateral septa meeting diagonally in the centre, 
the rest of the surface being hairy and porous. Prothorax 
transverse with rounded sides, the frontal edge straight with 
a broad margin, the posterior angles rounded, the whole 

; 9% 


108 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on 


surface very deeply punctured and covered with thick, black, 
erect hairs; there is an obscure median line on the basal 
third. Scutellum absent. Elytra slightly more than twice 
as long as the prothorax and broadef except basally, where 
they are abruptly narrowed to the size of the prothoracic 
base, increasing in width until again narrowed at the blunt 
apex, punctate-striate, the interstices convex, with rows of 
punctures and short semi-erect scale-like brownish hairs, 
the declivity somewhat abruptly rounded both dorsally and 
laterally. Anterior cox widely separated. The antenne 
and tarsi testaceous. 


Long. 6°3 mm. 

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo (Bryant). 

This species differs from any other of the genus known to 
me by the greater size, the increasing breadth of the elytra 
apically, the very deeply punctured thorax, the different 
construction of the antennal club, etc. 

There is an undescribed specimen collected at the same 
time with parallel-sided elytra and of smaller size, which may 
prove to be the male when more material is available. 


The next species was taken also in Sarawak (Mt. Matang) :— 


Diamerus matangi, sp. u. 


Black, slightly shiny. Front elongate, concave, and 
narrow, Closely punctured and with a central depression ; 
eyes large, vertical, and not emarginate ; funicular joints 
somewhat hairy, club solid, not broadened apically and 
having a septum placed diagonally from the basal third to 
the centre, and another faintly marked one immediately 
anterior to the first and parallel to it. Prothorax transverse 
with rounded sides and very slightly contracted anteriorly 
and at the base, the whole surface semi-opaque, closely and 
evenly punctured with a faint median line from the base 
towards the centre. Scutellum absent. Elytra more than 
twice as long as, and slightly broader than, the prothorax 
except at the immediate base; punctate-striate, the inter- 
stices convex with rows of semi-erect hairs and punctures ; 
the elytral surface convex from base to apex where there is 
a very slight thickening of the sutural angle. The anterior 
coxve are widely separated. 

Long. 4°5-5'1 mm. 

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo (Bryant). 

This species is very similar to the last, but smaller, and 
has a differently constructed antennal club, the prothoracic 
punctures are also much smaller. A similar broadening of 


Platypodide and Scolytide. 109 


the elytra laterally from near the base to the apex is common 
to both species, but in the present one there is a slight pro- 
duction of the elytra at the sutural apex, of which the former 
shows no trace. The regular and shiny punctures of the 
elytral striz are more evident than in the preceding species. 


Genus XyLEesorvs, Eichh. 


Xyleborus submarginatus, Blandf., ¢ . 


Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes) ; Ceylon (Thwaites in 
Mus. Oxon.) ; Celebes (Wallace); New Guinea, Dorey 
(Wallace). 

A single specimen now taken in Sarawak (Mt. Matang). 


Xyleborus sumatranus, Haged. 


Hab. Sumatra. 
One example from Sarawak (Mt. Matang). 


The following two new species were taken at Sarawak :— 


Xyleborus comans, sp. n. 


Black, globose; antenne and tarsi ferruginous. Front 
nearly flat, thickly hairy with a transverse row of paler hairs 
over the mouth; rugose, the rugosity becoming longitudi- 
nally confluent apically. Prothoraz as broad as long, rounded 
laterally and anteriorly, the front sharply depressed with 
two large and two small-prominent recurved tubercles on 
the anterior edge, the surface rugose as far as the central 
transverse gibbosity and punctured posteriorly, the whole 
surface densely hairy with a very thick transverse ridge of 
erect hair just before the base. Scutellum absent. Elytra 
. the same length as the prothorax, laterally rounded to the 
blunted apex and furnished with obscure rows of piliferous 
punctures; an abrupt depression commences before the 
middle and is margined by a few obscure tubercles, the suture 
being raised and the apex margined on the apical half; the 
fundus is furnished with more or less irregular piliferous 
punctures. 

Long. 6 mm. 

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Mt. Merinjak and Quop) (G. E. 
Bryant). 

This species differs from Hagedorn’s very incomplete 
description of X. ursinus in size, the frontal tubercles, the 
basal prothoracic collar of thick hair, and the length of the 
elytra, etc. It is no doubt allied to, but varies in many 


110 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on 


respects from, X. hirtus, Hichh., and X. geminatus, Eichh., 
both described from single specimens taken in India (Dar- 
jeeling). 

The prothoracic tubercles vary in size in different speci- 
mens, but there are generally four more prominent than the 
rest. 


Ayleborus bryanti, sp. n. 


Black, semiopaque. vront slightly convex and strongly 
punctured apically, becoming longitudinally aciculate to- 
wards the vertex and having a short median elevation from 
the epistoma to a slight central depression, also a transverse 
row of pale hairs anteriorly ; eyes transverse and entire. 
Prothoraz subquadrate, anteriorly rounded but emarginate 
in the centre and crenate on either side, rugose anteriorly 
to the prominent central gibbosity, the posterior portion 
smoother and punctured laterally, the basal angles sub- 
rectangular. lytra half as long again as the prothorax 
and of equal width, sides nearly parallel to past the centre 
and then narrowed to the rounded apex; viewed laterally, 
the elytra appear slightly elevated a short distance from the 
base, this being caused by the local enlargement of the 3rd | 
and 4th interstices; the striz consist of closely placed 
shallow impressions with centres of minute dots; the Ist 
interstice obscurely tuberculate, the 2nd ceasing after the 
basal third, being continued again from the declivity to the 
apex, the 3rd interstice is the most prominent and is tuber- 
culate from the basal third, the whole surface, except the 
raised portions of the 3rd and 4th interstices, of a dull black 
colour, the declivity being somewhat flattened. 

Long. 6°5 mm. 

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Mt. Matang) (Bryant). 

‘There is a similarity in the facies of this species and those 
forming the cone-shaped group of Xyleborus, such as X. cune- 
atus, X. andrewesi, etc., and the strial impressions are very 
like those of X. comptus described below, these markings 
differing from the umbilicate punctures of Crossotarsus 
fuirmairei, Chap., in the Platypodide. 


Ayleborus submarginatus, Bldf., ? . 


Hab. India, Belgaum (Andrewes) ; Ceylon (Thwaites, in 
Mus. Oxon.); Celebes (Wallace) ; New Guinea, Dorey 
(Wallace). 


A single specimen was taken in Sarawak (Mt. Matang). 


Platypodide and ‘Scolytide. Bol 


Ayleborus sumatranus, Haged. 


Hab. Sumatra. 
One specimen from Sarawak (Mt. Matang). 


Xyleborus scabripennis, Bldf., ? . 


Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace) ; Sumatra, from tobacco 
(Grouvelle). 

One example from Penang and another from Sarawak 
(Mt. Matang). 


The next two new species of Xyleborus were taken, one by 
Mr. E. Ernest Green in Ceylon, the other by Mr. C. F. C. 
Beeson in Bengal :— 


Xyleborus comptus, sp. n. 


Cylindrical, dark brown, with prothorax paler than the 
elytra. Hront convex, rugose, with slight fringe over the 
mouth. Prothorax subglobose, sides slightly and front 
strongly rounded, anteriorly asperate to the transverse node 
and posteriorly faintly punctate. H/lytra less than one-third 
longer than the prothorax and slightly narrower, the sides 
nearly parallel and obtusely rounded at the apex ; the strize 
are furnished with large but shallow depressions, which 
decrease in size towards the base, the interstices are slightly 
convex with uniseriate punctures, except the second which 
is biseriate up to the declivity and deeply depressed towards 
the apex, the elytral declivity is semiopaque. 

Long. 2°6 mm. 

Hab, Ceylon (E. E. Green). 

Food-plant, Hevea brasiliensis. 


Xyleborus undulatus, sp. n. 


?. Cylindrical, brown and somewhat shiny, sparsely 
pilose. Front dark and subconvex, sparsely punctured on a 
reticulate surface with a longitudinal carina extending half- 
way to the vertex, the mouth thinly fringed, eyes deeply 
emarginate. Prothoraa slightly longer than broad, strongly 
rounded apically and much less so laterally, transversely 
scabrous as far as the prominent transverse gibbosity, poste- 
riorly finely reticulate and sparsely granulate and _ hairy, 
paler in colour than the elytra and with a faintly marked 
longitudinal. median smooth space from the base to the 
transverse ridge. lytra about one-fourth longer than the 
prothorax and of equal breadth at the broadest part of each, 
with a transverse depression commencing near the base and 


142 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on 


extending to the centre, the declivity beginning before the 
apical third ; laterally narrowed from near the base to the 
apical third and then broadening again before the bluntly 
rounded apex, the strize are furnished with large variolose 
impressions increasing in size from the base and each having 
a minute hair at its circumference; the interstices flat with 
minute piliferous punctures partially replaced in the first six 
interstices by tubercles before the rounded declivity, the 
second interstice being unarmed to the apex which is acutely 
margined ; the elytral base is furnished with a transverse 
row of longish hairs along the edge. The legs and antennz 
testaceous. 

Long. 2 mm. 

Hab. Bengal, India (C. Beeson). 

The elytral depression gives the appearance of a saddle- 
back to this species, which is very distinctive, although it is 
similar in many ways to X. laticollis, Bldf., which, however, 
is much larger, with a differently shaped prothorax and 
elytral declivity, etc. Sh 


Genus Eccorrorrerus, Motsch. 


Eccoptopterus, Motsch. Bull. Mose. xxxvi. 1863, i. p. 515. 
Platydactylus, Kichh. Not. Leyden Mus. viii. 1886, p. 110. 
Eurydactylus, Haged. Deut. Ent, Zeit. 1909, p. 733. 


Eccoptopterus gracilipes, Kichh, 


Hab. Molucea. 
Several females from Sarawak (Quop). 


Genus Puia@osinus, Chap. 


The following species is described from a long series is 
the Caleutta Museum Collection; they are only labelled 
“‘Deyhra Dun,” and there is no locality mentioned :— 


Phiewosinus jubatus, sp. u. 


3. Oblong; head black, and in mature specimens the 
prothorax is black and the elytra a deep brown. Front 
slightly concave, rugose, with a median shiny ridge to the 
centre. Prothorax not longer than broad, narrowed apically ; 
the dorsum slightly flattened in a semicircle from the anterior 
end of the shiny median line, as far as two other shiny 
spaces on each side of the basal third; the anterior edge 
furnished with a broad polished band, the rest of the pro- 
thoracic surface being covered with piliferous punctures, 
with longer hairs on the sides. Jlytra striate, the striz 


Platypodide and Scolytide. 113 


consisting of rows of double lunate plates facing each other 
transversely but separated, the intervening space furnished 
with a single hair bent towards the apex of the elytra; the 
interstices transversely rugose and sparsely hairy, the de- 
clivity commencing at the apical third, with a fundus formed 
by the outward deflexion of the first interstice, the continued 
narrowing of the second until the subsequent fusion of the 
first and third, leaving a flat, dull, irregularly punctured 
surface to the apex ; interstices 1 and 3 become strongly 
toothed at the commencement of the declivity, and 5 and 7 
have smaller teeth closer to the apex ; the basal edge of the 
elytra is raised and strongly toothed. 

Long. 3-3°5 mm. 

Hab. India, 

2. Differs from the male in the slightly convex front 
and stronger longitudinal rugosity, and in the rather shal- 
lower and narrower fundus, as well as in the smaller inter- 
stitial teeth. Immature specimens are very pale in colour, 
but the prothorax eventually becomes black and shining, 
and the elytra a dark brown. 

Long. 3°5 mm. 

If the single specimen in my collection of P. cristatus, 
Lec., is correctly named, the present species is very nearly 
allied to it, but in the former the interstices are straight, the 
first and second become obsolete at the declivity, and the 
third only has large black tubercles. 


Genus CryPHaLvs, Er. 


The new species of Cryphalus is determined from a series 
of specimens in the collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes :— 


Cryphalus corpulentus, sp. n. 


3. Subovate, brown. Front slightly concave and punc- 
tate, longitudinally aciculate at the vertex. Prothorax 
transverse, sharply narrowed apically, with 4-6 frontal 
tubercles, above which are two central ones and three con- 
centric transverse elevations, the last being on the vertex 
of the prothoracic gibbosity. /ytra lineate-punctate, the 
striz faintly impressed and furnished with small irregularly 
placed scales, the interstices nearly flat with large erect 
scales of a pale colour and placed at considerable intervals 
apart. 

Long. 1°4-1°5 mm. 

Hab. India, Nilgiri Hills. 


114 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a 


?. Similar to the male, but with the front slightly convex, 
the prothorax less sharply contracted apically, and with the 
two prothoracic tubercles replaced by a concentric ridge. 

Long. 1°4—1°5 mm. 

Hab. India, Nilgiri Hills. 

Type in the collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes. 

In neither sex do there appear to be many scales on the 
prothorax, unless they have been worn off in the series of 
specimens examined. The species is very closely allied to 
C. tihe, Panz., but is easily separated from it by the elytral 
clothing alone. 


Genus Wessia, Hopk. 
Webbia dipterocarpi, Hopk., 3 ?. 


Hab. Philippine Islands. 
Several females from Penang anda pair from Sarawak 
(Mt. Matang). 


XVI.—On a curious Malformation in Teenia saginata. 


By H. A. BAy.is, M.A. 
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


A VERY curious specimen of the common tapeworm of man, 
Tenia saginata, recently came into my hands through the 
courtesy of Mr. W. 'T. Hillier, of the Pathological Depart- 
ment of the Queen’s Hospital for Children, Hackney. As is 
so often the case with cestodes removed by anthelminthic 
remedies, the head and anterior portion of the strobila were 
not recovered. ‘Tle absence of the head is regrettable, as it 
might have thrown interesting light on the peculiarities of 
the worm. 

The total length of the fragment recovered was about 
165 cm. In its general shape and appearance there is nothing 
remarkable. It is flattened dorso-ventrally as usual, and 
most of the segments are of the size and shape characteristic 
of T. saginata. On closer inspection, however, two types of 
anomaly are found to occur very frequently :— 


(1) Imperfectly divided segments, with two or more genital 
pores on alternate sides, and a separate set of in- 
ternal organs corresponding to each pore. 

(2) Segments normally divided from their neighbours, but 
with two genital pores, on opposite sides but at the 
same level. 


curtous Malformation in Teenia saginata. 115 


Some idea of the proportions of normal and abnormal 
segments in this specimen may be gathered from the follow- 
ing figures for a portion measuring about 70 cm, in length. 


Complete intersegmental divisions ,..... 5: spare eye ovale gor 00 

Imperfect intersegmental divisions ............ Brite ork 

N ormally-divided segments with single pore Naud 
CONAUAOTIS cove ieeiees Gist sn Maleidertaliaté aw 9 6 Sale 


Normally-divided segments with two opposite pores ea ae 


The first-mentioned kind of abnormality calls for passing 
comment only. It is by no means uncommon in Tenia 
saginata; indeed, as Leuckart * remarks, “ traces of it may 
be seen in almost every chain.” ‘The commonest case is that 
in which the division extends only a little way across the 
width of the strobila. Sometimes it reaches to the middle 
line, or beyond it. Owing to the divided side being longer 
than the undivided side of the joint, the partial dividing-line 
usually curves forwards somewhat before it disappears. ‘This 
forward curve may be carried so far that it meets the pre- 
ceding intersegmental division, in which case a triangular 

‘supernumerary 7’ segment is formed, wedged in between 
two normal segments. Such “ supernumerary ” ” seoments 
may occasionally be the starting-points of the double, or 
rather forked, chains of segments that are sometimes met 
with. 

The second anomaly ep eaibats with two opposite genital 
pores) ismoreremarkable. Leuckart observed such segments 
in 7. saginata, but says of them J ‘here one finds behind 
each opening a set of male and female ducts, with cirrhus- 
pouch and vesicula seminalis, but the reproductive organs 
proper are as usual—the two vaginee passing into a common 
shell-gland, and into a single uterus.’’? In the present case, 
however, further examination shows that. the reduplication is 
not confined to the pores and ducts—th re are: two complete 
and bilaterally symmetrical sets of genital organs in each of 
the segments with double pores. Kach vagina has its own 
distinct shell-gland, yolk-gland, ovary, and ‘uterus. The two 
uteri present a remarkable appearance in gravid segments 
(see figure), running forward parallel to each other, and each 
sending out the usual lateral branches. The branches on the 
two inner, opposed sides of the uteri, however, have not room 
enough for their normal development, and are stunted and 
frequently unbranched, many of them containing few or no 


* ‘The Parasites of Man,’ English translation by W. E. Hoyle, 
1886, p. 450. 
+ Lc. p. 451, 


116 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a 


ova; while the branches on the outer sides appear normal. 
In younger segments the finger-shaped lobes of the inner 
halves of the two ovaries are in close contact and somewhat 
confused. 

As regards the female apparatus the condition in most of 
the segments of this worm is similar to that normally found 
in certain genera of cestodes (Dipylidium, Moniezia, Citto- 
tenia, to mention only a few well-known examples), but 


Gravid segment of Tenia saginata, showing abnormal, bilaterally 
symmetrical arrangement of the genital organs. 


P., P., the two genital pores, from which the two vagine, V., V., lead 
to two shell-glands, S., S. From these the main stems (U¢., Ut.) 
of the two uteri extend forward parallel to each other. 


unknown in Tenia. Were T. saginata not well known to be 
a variable species, such a peculiarity might have been con- 
sidered sufficient ground for creating not merely a new species 
but even a new genus. There can, however, be no question 
of this kind in this case, for two reasons. In the first place, 
the strobila is not entirely composed of double segments, but 
here and there we find a normal segment with a single pore 
and median uterus. In the second place, the reduplication 
extends also to the male organs—not only to the ducts, but 


curious Malformation in-Tzenia saginata. 117 


to the testes themselves. This is shown by the great over- 
crowding of these organs in the median field of the segments, 
between the two uteri. Here we have, I think, clear evidence 
that two sets of testes, enough for two segments—fused 
together, as it were, side by side,—overlap each other at the 
point of junction. 

Both sets of organs in the double segments appear to be 
functionally active, as is shown by the presence of spermatozoa 
in the two vasa deferentia, and by the large numbers of 
normal ova in the two uteri. 

Apart-from the genital apparatus, the double segments 
appear to be normal—the excretory system, for example, 
shows only the usual two pairs of longitudinal vessels and 
the usual transverse connections. 

In examining the possible causes of this malformation, it 
must not be confused with the cases of “ triradiate,”’ “ pris- 
matic,” or “ polyradiate” cestodes, which have been noted 
by many observers, and recently studied by Foster *, who has 
found forty-four instances of the phenomenon mentioned in 
literature. The triradiate forms, as far as is known, are 
always associated with a triradiate scolex, with six suckers 
instead of four, and their segments usually have only a single 
genital pore situated on one of the three “ wings.” Where 
two or more pores are present, they are not, as in the present 
case, placed at the same level on opposite sides, but one 
behind the other, usually in regular alternation. It is not, 
therefore, to cases of this sort that we must look for an 
explanation of the double symmetrical arrangement. Had 
the scolex been available, it is, of course, possible that the 
worm might have proved to be some kind of “ double-headed 
monster” ; but this is rendered rather improbable by the fact 
that a certain proportion (though a very small one) of the 
segments are of normal type, with single pore and single set 
of genital organs. . 

On the whole, it seems more likely that we have here a 
case where the tendency repeatedly to form partially-divided 
and ‘supernumerary ” segments, which has been seen to be 
very marked, has been carried a step further than usual, and 
many of the divisions have failed to make their appearance 
at all. We know that there is a tendency for supernumerary 
segments to assume a position diagonal to the long axis of 
the worm, and that they often cause the succeeding segment 
to be pushed out laterally in the opposite direction so as to 
form a kind of “elbow” in the strobila. If this process 


* ‘Journal of Parasitology, il. no. 1 (1915), p. 7, 


118 Colonel C. Swinhoe on 


were pushed to extremes at the time of the formation of the 
young segments (when presumably they are in a plastic 
. condition), and if at the same time the intersegmental divi- 
sion were suppressed, the result would be a “double segment”’ 
of the kind that has been described. - It.is difficult, of course, 
to understand what force or forces may have been operating 
to bring about such a condition, but it is suggested that some 
such process may have been the cause of this malformation, 
rather than that the specimen is a ‘‘ double monster.” 

Although a number of records are to be found in literature 
of segments of JZ. saginata with two opposite or nearly 
opposite genital pores, I have been unable to find an account 
of a case similar to the present example, with two bilaterally 
symmetrical sets of internal organs. A very curious case 
has, however, been described and figured by Blanchard ™%, 
where a single segment, in a chain otherwise consisting of 
quite normal segments, contained a set of organs at each end, 
both leading into a common uterus in the normal median 
position. The ovary, yolk-gland and associated organs at 
the posterior end of the segment were arranged in the usual 
order, but those at the anterior end were reversed, so as to 
form a “mirror-image” of the former. Hach set had its own 
ducts and pore, the pores being situated one on either side of 
the segment, but not quite opposite to each other. Although 
this has been referred to asa single segment, it ought perhaps 
to be regarded as two segments, since there was a partial 
transverse division on one side. 


XVIT.—Jndo- Malayan and Australian Noctuide. 
By Colonel C. Swinuoz, M.A., F.L.S., &c. 


Subfamily Sarroruriprv2. 
Characoma perfecta, nov. 


3. Upperside: fore wing grey irrorated and suffused 
with pale black, a deep black patch on middle of costa 
angled downwards, narrowly extending on costa to near 
apex, and also to the base of the wing, its inner edge with 
a white patch irrorated with black and containing on its 
lower part three black spots and another below near the 


* Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xv. 1890, p. 166, The writer is indebted 
to Prof. A. Railliet for drawing his attention to this case. 


Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. ng 


hinder margin ; two black spots on a whitish ground in the 
middle of the disc, a white spot at the base of the wing ; 
a postmedial outwardly curved, dentated white line and 
another submarginal, marginal line finely dark brown ; cilia 
checkered white and brown : hind wing dark brownish grey, 
marginal line and cilia as on the fore wing ; head and body 
dark grey, a white spot on the middle of the thorax, the 
abdomen with some whitish suffusion especially at its 
extremity. Underside grey: fore wing grey, a white spot 
in the middle: hind wing paler, with some whitish in the 
interspaces ; face and body white, legs grey above, white 
beneath. 

Expanse of wings, 775 inch. 

Hab. Khasia Hills. 


Characoma araca, nov. 


S 2. Fore wing greyish white minutely irrorated with 
black atoms, four highly deutated transverse black lines, 
subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal, the first 
and second lines constricted hindwards, the third bent out- 
ward in its middle, a blackish patch on the costa against the 
outer side of the third line, a black costal spot on the sub- 
marginal line, all the lines more or less finely bordered with 
white, a series of minute black lunules pricked with white 
on the outer margin ; cilia coloured like the wing, crossed by 
darker grey lines opposite the vein ends : hind wing whitish, 
semihyaline, tinged with grey on the costa and outer border, 
veins grey ; head and body concolorous with the wings. 
Underside nearly uniform pale grey, three white dots near 
the apex on the costa of the fore wing ; palpi beneath, face 
and body smeared with white; legs striped with white. 

Expanse of wings, 1 inch. 

Hab. Khasia Hills, 1 go, 4 2. 


Giaura multipunctata, nov. 


Symitha punctata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 236, pl. vii. 
fig. 15 (preeoce.). 


Hab. Tenasserim, Khasia Hills, Nilgiri Hills. 

Lucas, in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, (2) iv. 
p- 1675 (April 1890), described Sarotricha punctata from 
Queensland, Australia ; it is also a Giaura, and in Phal. xi. 
p- 284, Sir George Hampson has put my name as a synonym 
to Lucas’s name. I eannot believe that a rare Australian 
species is the same as an equally rare Indian species. Un- 
fortunately I have no Australian punctata to dissect, but in 


120 Colonel C. Swinhoe on 


every instance but one (a common Perigea) all the genitalia 
I have had examined show a marked difference between 
Australian and Indian forms. 


Selepa demiota. 


Sarotricha demiota, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 464 (Q only). 

Plotheia gerea, Hampson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. p. 582 
(1905). 

Selepa gerea, Hampson, Phal. xi. p. 300, pl. clxxxii. fig. 15 (1912). 


Hab. Port Moresby, Br. N. Guinea, Queensland, Australia. 

Meyrick described both sexes ; if his male really falls to 
Walker’s type of Selepa circulella from Celebes (see Phal. xi. 
p. 303), and his female is the same as Hampson’s gerea from 
Queensland, Meyrick’s name must take precedence. 


Barasa suffida, nov. 


¢. Fore wing milk-white irrorated with minute grey 
atoms, the costal portions slightly the darkest, the costa 
with black spots on the outer half, commencing with minute 
dots and gradually enlarging towards the apex, transverse 
lines ochreous-grey, indistinct basal, antemedial (double, 
well separated), and somewhat sinuous, medial similar, but. 
more sinuous and bent inwards on the hinder margin ; post- 
medial line commencing with two black dots somewhat 
sinuous and bent inwards in a square form in its middle, 
submarginal line in a round curve, the upper half of it 
formed of black dentations, all the lines with white outer 
edgings, marginal line grey inwardly pricked with white ; 
cilia grey with a white base: hind wing greyish white, the 
costal portion slightly suffused with grey ; palpi black, last 
joint white; head-and body concolorous with the wings, 
abdomen with some white marks. Underside uniform pale 
grey ; costa of fore wing with black and white dots. 

Expanse of wings, | inch. 

Hab. Khasia Hills. 

Superficially somewhat resembles B. costalis, Hampson, 
from Bhutan. 


Subfamily Opowropivz. 


Stictoptera anca, nov. 


@. Fore wing pale fawn-colour, ochreous-tinged ; costa 
and hinder margin suffused with grey, costal line brown, 
a brown costal patch at the apex ; a longitudinal brown band 


Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuids. 121 


through the middle of the wing, from the base to the outer 
margin a little above the middle, another similar but 
shorter band, edged outwardly with white across the hinder 
angle, the white continued upwards in lunules near the 
margin, all the lunules inwardly edged with brown; ante- 
ciliary line white, inwardly edged with black in slight 
inward curves in the interspaces; cilia grey: hind wing 
white slightly greyish, nearly hyaline, the veins grey ; costal 
and marginal borders broadly black, broadest at the apex. 
Underside: fore wing uniform blackish brown: hind wing as 
on the upperside ; palpi, head, and collar dark brown above, 
abdomen grey; on the underside the palpi white, the body 
and legs dark grey, the abdomen with some white suffusion. 

Expanse of wings, 1,4, inch. 

Hab. Khasia Hills, two examples. 


Gyrtona yucca. 
Gyrtona yucca, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. p. 264 (1893). 
Gyrtona divitalts, Hampson (part.), Phal. xi. p. 217, pl. clxxx. fig. 1 
(1912). 

Type, Singapore. I have it also from Goping Perak, the 
Andaman Islands, and Ceylon; it appears to me to be 
perfectly distinct from divitalis, Waiker, from Borneo. I 
cannot make out what Hampson’s figure represents ; it is 
nearly three times the size of my species and very different 
in colour and markings. 

Lophoptera apirtha. 

Stictoptera aptrtha, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. ii. p. 92 (1900), 

Gyrtona chalybea, Butler, P. Z. 5. 1888, p. 163 (nom. preeoce.) *. 

Stictoptera chalybea, Hampson, Moths India, iv., App. p. 529 (1896). 

Lophoptera plumbeola, Hampson, Phal. xi. p. 184, pl. clxxviii. tig. 27 

(1912). 

Type, Solon, Simla, in B.M. Type?, from the same 
locality, im my collection. I have it also from Sikkim, 
Khasia Hills, Fort Stedman, and Port Blair, Andamans; 
Sir George Hampson makes no mention of my species; 
he appears to have described my type of apirtha from 
Simla as plumbeola. I suppose my type-label has dropped 
off the specimen in the B.M. 


Lophoptera hampsoni, nov. 


Gyrtona chalybea, Hampson, Il. Het. B.M. viii. p. 86, pl. cxlvi. fig, 24 
(1891). 
Lophoptera chalybea, Hampson, Phal. xi. p. 187 (1912) (preocc.) *. 
Hab. Nilgiris. 
* Phal. xi. p. 191. 
Ann. & Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv. ; 10 


122 Colonel C. Swinhoe on — 


Lophoptera cerea. 
Stictoptera cerea, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 167 
(1897). 
Lophoptera pustulifera, Hampson (part.), Phal. xi. p. 190, pl. clxxix. 
fic. 5 (1912). 
Hab. Gilolo. 


Cerea is not the same as the Sarawak species pustulifera. 
I have both species in my collection, both sexes of cerea, 
from Gilolo. Itis nearly double the size of Walker’s species ; 
the hind wings have a pure white cilia, whereas in pustuli- 
fera they are checkered white with clean-cut brown spots 
opposite the vein ends. 


Subfamily Nocrvrvz. 


Simplicia schaldusalis. 


Bocana schaldusalis, Walker, xvi. p. 180 (1858). 
Culicula bimarginata, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soe, vil. p. 178 (1864). 
Simplicia infausta, Felder, Reise Noy. Lep. pl. cxx. fig. 45 (1873). 


Simplicia griseolimbalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xxix. p. 47, pl. ii. 
fig. 4 (1886). 


Simplicia schaldusalis, Hampson, Moths of India, iii. p. 35 (1895) ; 
Swinhoe (part.), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, xix. p. 341 (1917). 

Type, Sarawak, Borneo, in B.M. 

Type, bimarginata, Sarawak, in Mus. Oxon. 

Type, infausta, Sarawak, in Mus. Rothschild. 

Type, griseolimbalis, Sumatra, in Coll. Snellen. 

I have examples also from Singapur, Obi Isl. (Moluccas), 
and from the Solomon Isls., and they all seem to be identical. 


Simplicia moore, nov. 


Nabartha marginata, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii, p. 234, pl. elxxvii. fig. 2 
(1885) (preeoce.) *. 


Simplicia schaldusalis, Hampson (part.), Moths of India, iii. p. 35 
(1895). 


Type, Ceylon, in B.M. I have three examples from 
Kandy and Gampola in Ceylon; they appear to me to be 
quite distinct from schaldusalis, especially on the underside. 


Floccicura trilinea. 
Simplicia trilinea, Beth.-Baker, Nov, Zool. xv. p. 205 (1908). 


Type, Br. N. Guinea, in Coll, Bethune-Baker. I have 
four examples from N. Guinea, one from Perak, and one 
each from Madras, Assam, and Sikkim. 


* Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 195, pl. vi. fig. 19 (1882). 


Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. 123 


Libisosa obiana, nov. 


&o ?. A smaller insect than ceneusalis, Walker, from 
Queensland, or phedrusalis, Walker, from Borreo: fore 
wing narrower ; hind wing white. 

Hab. Obi, six examples. 


Plecoptera occulata. 


Poaphila occulata, Moore, Lep. Atkinson, p. 172, pl. v. fig. 11 (1882). 

Heliothis juncea, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1885, p. 448, pl. xxvil. fig. 4. 

Heliothis resistens, Hampson (nec Walker), Moths of India, ii, p. 519 
(1894). 


Hab. Khasia Hills, Bombay. 

I have a long series of both sexes ; it is a perfectly distinct 
species, no variations. Moore’s figure is so bad I did not 
recognize it when describing juncea, and the type was in 
coll. Staudinger, in Germany. 


Plecoptera quesita. 


Remigia quesita, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1885, p. 468, pl. xxvii. fig. 8. 
Heliothis resistens, Hampson (nec Walker), Moths of India, ii. p.519 
(1894). . 


Hab. Khasia Hills, Bombay, Nilgiris, Burma, Andamans, 
Gugerat. 

I have along series of both sexes; no variations, All these 
Plecopteras are very constant in their coloration and pattern. 


Oresia argyrosigna. 


Oresia argyrosigna, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 77, pl. cliii. fig. 4 
(1884). 

Calpe provocans, Hampson (nec Walker), Moths of India, ii. p. 565 
(1894). 


Hab. Ceylon, Nilgiris, Sikkim, Assam. 

Provocans is an African insect, and is certainly not the 
same as the Indian species. I have it from Natal, where the 
type came from ; the shading is somewhat similar, but it is 
otherwise different in character. I will publish the genitalia 
of both in another paper. 


Genus ATTONDA, nov. 


Palpi and venation as in Acantholipes, antennz of male 
minutely ciliated: fore wing with the costa nearly straight, 


apex subacute, outer margin evenly rounded, wing broad : 
10* 


124 Colonel C. Swinhoe on 


hind wing also broad, the outer margin rounded, the entire 
shape of the wings almost more like Capnodes than 
Acantholipes. 

Type, Capnodes trifasciata, Moore, P. Z.S. 1877, p. 612. 


Acantholipes trifasciatus, Hampson, Moths of India, ii. p. 528 
(1894). 


Attonda natha, nov. 


& ¢. Upperside: palpi, head, body, and both wings very 
dark liver-brown, transverse lines indistinct, black, very fine 
and dentated, five on the fore wing and four on the hind 
wing, the antemedial line of the fore wing absent : the fore 
wing has a white subcostal dot near the base, two just before 
the antemedial line, and four or five on the postmedial line, 
aud the hind wing has four or five similar dots on the 
medial line, all very minute, and black dots on the outer 
inargin of both wings. Underside pale brownish, the hinder 
margin of fore wing and abdominal margin of hind wing 
whitish ; two postmedial outwardly curved brown lines on 
both wings and lunulate marginal black line. 

Expanse of wings, 1,2, inch. 

Hab. Cape York, Australia. 


Diomea padanga, nov. 


@. Palpi, head, thorax, and fore wing uniformly dark 
cupreous brown : fore wing with six white costal dots, one 
near the apex, the largest joined to a somewhat larger white 
spot immediately below it ; outer marginal line ochreous, 
cilia dark greyish brown: hind wing pale brown inclining to 
greyish on the abdominal half; outer marginal line ochreous, 
somewhat lunulate ; cilia as in the fore wing; abdomen con- 
colorous with the hind wing. Underside: fore wing pale 
brown, a short ochreous mark on the outer margin from the 
apex, hinder marginal area pale grey, a transverse postmedial 
brown line, outwardly curved ; body, legs, and hind wing 
grey. 

Expanse of wings, 1,1, inch. 
Hab, Padang, Sumatra. 


Hypospila andamana, nov. 


d. Palpi, head, body, and both wings brownish ochreous : 
fore wing with a small white spot at the end of the cell and 
two white dots in an inwardly oblique line below it ; a broad 


Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. 125 


blackish patch across the wing before the middle, broad at 
the costa and gradually somewhat narrowing to the hinder 
margin, the outer margin of the patch curving round the 
white spot, then straight down to the hinder margin ; ante- 
medial and medial black, irregular and thin transverse lines, 
the medial line running through the outer margin of the 
patch, a blackish thin straight band from near the apex of 
the fore wing to the abdominal margin of the hind wing 
close to the hinder angle, its outer edge somewhat suffused ; 
a fine lunulate black marginal line pricked with white dots. 
Underside: fore wing blackish brown, a white spot ringed 
with a fine black line at the end of the cell, a line of black 
submarginal marks interrupted by the veins, the space from 
this to the margin ochreous, hinder marginal space whitish : 
hind wing pale ochreous suffused with blackish, a black 
ringed white spot at the end of the cell, two outwardly 
curved lunulate lines across the middle, a submarginal series 
of white spots; abdomen and legs concolorous with the 
wings, a white spot at the base of the palpi. 

?. Fore wing uniform blackish brown, very dark, nearly 
black ; a white spot at the end of the cell; a black transverse 
straight band as in the male, but pale-edged outwardly : 
hind wing slightly paler, no other markings. Underside: 
both wings as dark as the upperside of the fore wings; 
markings as in the male, but without the ochreous space at 
the outer margin of the fore wing. 

Expanse of wings, ¢ ?, 1,4, inch. 


Hab. Port Blair, Andamans, 2 ¢, 1 2, Nicobars, 1 2. 


Tochara creberrima. 


Thermesia creberrima, Walker, xv. 1574 (1858). 

Iluza pyralina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 610. 

Tochara obliqua, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 175, pl. vi. fig. 27 (1882). 
Thermesia creberrima, Hampson, Moths of India, il. p, 536 (1894). 


The type came from Silhet; it is described by Walker as 
a female, but the description is that of a male; the female 
does not seem to have been described by anyone. The 
pattern is that of the male, but the colour is uniform dark 
purplish brown. I have both sexes from the Khasia Hills 
(four females) and a male from Goping Perak ; Hampson 
also records it from the Andamans, 


Tochara gilloloensis, nov. 


g. Antenne and palpi dark grey. Upperside: head, 
body, and both wings pinkish white ; wings irrorated with 


126 On Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuide. 


minute grey atoms, thickest on the costa of the fore wing ; 
a reniform stigma made somewhat lunulate by its black 
borders ; a postmedial thick chestnut straight line inwardly 
edged with white, from apex of fore wing to the abdominal 
margin of hind wing a little above the hinder angle ; a fine 
marginal, lunulate black line pricked with black points and 
a few white points. Underside as on upperside without the 
grey irrorations : fore wing with a black dct in the cell, a 
small black ringlet at the end: hind wing with antemedial 
and medial line of black dots, both wings with a postmedial 
series of small black spots, the one nearest the apex of the 
hind wing the largest ; body and legs concolorous with the 
wings ; shape of the wings much as in 7. criberrima, but it 
is a smaller insect. 
Expanse of wings, 14; inch. 


Hab. Gilolo Isl., N. Moluccas. 


Tochara uniformis, nov. 


3g. Antenne longer than usual in the genus, shaft brown, 
pectinations grey, shorter than usual; palpi and top of 
head black ; body and wings of a uniform pale ochreous- 
grey colour, slightly pinkish tinged, a faint whitish reniform 
mark on fore wing, a white straight postmedial line across 
both wings from the costa near the apex of fore wing to the 
abdominal margin of hind wing one-third above the hinder 
angle ; cilia white, no other markings. Underside nearly 
white, very uniform in colour ; a blackish lunule at the end of 
each cell, a black postmedial outwardly curved line across 
both wings, and a black lunular marginal line ; body and 
legs concolorous with the wings, fore and mid legs black in 
front. A large insect, the wings much broader than usual. 

Expanse of wings, 1,8; inch. 

Hab. Padang, Sumatra. 


Tochara salea, nov. 


@. Palpi, head, body, and both wings ochreous brown ; 
the ground-colour is really ochreous, but both wings are 
densely irrorated with olive-brown ; a dark spot in the cell of 
fore wing, another at the end and one below it; a thick 
white straight line, outwardly edged with black, from near 
apex of fore wing to the abdominal margin of hind wing 
near the hinder angle; a marginal lunular, thin black line 

ricked with black dots; cilia pale with a somewhat darker 
internal line. Underside pale ochreous brown; all the cells 


On a new Species of Kuneomys from Patagonia. 127 


with internal black dot and black spot at the end, a medial 
and discal transverse series of black spots, a marginal series 
of black lunules ; body and legs concolorous with the wings. 
Expanse of wings, 1,‘ inch. 
Hab. Fergusson Isl., Tobriand Group, Papua. 


Genus Prrata, nov. 


Male with a slight tuft of hair on inner side of 2nd joint 
of palpi and very large tuft on inner side of 8rd joint ; 
antenne ciliated: fore wing with the costa arched, outer 
margin oblique, wing long and somewhat narrow; a large 
costal fold: hind wing ample, outer margin rounded, veins 
3 and 4 from angle of cell; section iv. of Hampson’s group 
of the genus Adrapsa. 

Type, Perata curiosalis, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 
(6) xv. p. 16 (1895). 


XVIII.—A new Species of Kuneomys from Patagonia. 
By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


AMONG some small mammals which, through the kind inter- 
mediary of Dr. R. Dabbene, the British Museum owes to the 
authorities of the Zoological Museum, Buenos Ayres, is an 
example of a new species of Huneomys, which may be called 


EKuneomys dabbenei, sp. v. ° 


Size very much less than in other species. Fur soft and 
fine, hairs of back about 6-7 mm. in length. General colour 
pale neutral grey slightly tinged by the buffy brown of the 
ends of the hairs, but nothing like so strongly as in Z. chin- 
chilloides. Under surface greyish white, the bases of the hairs 
deep slaty, the ends faintly tinged with buffy or cream, not 
strongly buffy as in chinchilloides. Hands and feet pure white. 
Tail markedly bicolor, blackish above, white below. 

Skull conspicuously smaller than that of LE. chinchillvides, 
broader and shorter in proportion. Interorbital region with 
sharply square but not beaded edges. Palatal foramina large, 
with sharp raised edges round them, their hinder edge level 
with the middle of m’, 


128 Mr. O. Thomas on 


Measurements (the external ones as taken by the col- 
lector) :— 

Head and body 90 mm. ; tail 53; hind foot (c. u.) 24, 
(s. u.) 22; ear 14. 

Skull: greatest length 25:2 ; condylo-incisive length 24 ; 
zygomatic breadth 15°6 ; nasals 10°5 ; interorbital breadth 
3°5; breadth of brain-case 13:1; height of crown from base 
of m?7°7; palatilar length 11°8; palatal foramina 6°8; upper 
molar series 5°3. 

Hab. Lago Viedma, Santa Cruz, Patagonia. 

Type. Young adult male. B.M. no. 19. 6.26.1. Original 
number 360. Collected 17th December, 1914, by J. R. 
Pemberton. Presented by the Buenos Ayres Museum. 

This species differs so materially in size of skull from 
E. chinchilloides and E. petersoni that it should evidently be 
distinguished from them. Whether they are distinct from 
each other I very much doubt, as the typical skulls of the 
two are of almost precisely the same size, and in describing 
E. petersoni Dr. Allen contents himself by referring to the 
Tierra del Fuego locality of chinchilloides without assigning 
any reason for the separation of the Patagonian animal 
from it. 

Although not old, the type of HL. dabbenez is not materially 
younger than that of /. chinchilloides. 


XIX.—List of Mammals from the Highlands of Jujuy, North 
Argentina, collected by Sr. E. Budin. By OLDFIELD 
@  Homas. 


(Published by permission of the ‘Trustees of the British Museum.) 


THE following is a list of some mammals collected by 
Sr. Budin at Abrapampa and Casabindo, on the high plateau 
of North-western Jujuy. The former locality is at an alti- 
tude of about 3500 metres, and the latter 4000, while there 
are, in addition, a number obtained higher up on the Casa- 
bindo Cerro or Voleano, as high as 4800 m. 

As with the Maimara mammals, of which I gave an account 
in 1913, these collections clearly indicate the close affinity 
of the highland Jujuy fauna with that of Bolivia, this 
being represented by the series sent home by the late 
Mr. Perry O. Simons. By their help I am enabled more 


Mammals from North Argentina. 129 


accurately to work out the distribution of the different forms *. 

The most striking novelty is the new Abrocoma, a genus 
not previously known from Argentina. 

In fulfilment of my promise of further information on the 
subject, I may record here that the locality ‘Otro Cerro,” 
where the collection was obtained of which I gave an account 
in the May ‘ Annals’ J, proves, after all, to be in the Province 
of Catamarca, Sr. Budin was thus right as to the Province, 
but wrong as to the distance and direction from Chumbicha, 
Otro Cerro being really about 18 kilometres N.N.W. of 
Chumbicha, and just to the south of Poman. 

Correction is therefore needed as to the Province for all the 
species then described. 


1. Andinomys edax, Thos. 
dg. 524, 527, 531, 533, 5443 9. 529, 530, 536, 541. 
Cerro Casabindo, 4000-4800 m. 
“Caught among the rocks on the banks of a stream.’’— 


ii. B. 


* The following new Euneomys, coming from the same general 
region as the present collection, and, in fact, from the same locality as 
the type of the new Galea, may be conveniently described here :— 


Euneomys (Auliscomys) leucurus, sp. n. 


Allied to E. sublimis, but larger. 

Size intermediate between those of FE. pictus and sublimis. Colour 
not very exactly definable, as the available specimens are either in 
spirit or have recently been skinned out of it, with resultant discolora- 
tion. The general tone, however, appears to be somewhat as in sublimis, 
but more drabby or greyish ; hairs of under surface slaty, broadly washed 
with pale buffy. Hands, feet, and tail white, a very faintly marked 
narrow darker line perceptible along the top of the latter. 

Skull considerably larger than that of sublimis, but similarly built ; 
not so broad and stout as in boliviensis and pictus. Zygomatic plate 
rather narrow. Palatal foramina long, reaching the level of the middle 
root of m’. Bulle small, proportionally as in szbdimis, smaller than in 
micropus, much smaller than in pictus and boliviensis. 

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen, which is 
probably somewhat contracted) :— 

Head and body 102 mm. ; tail 58 ; hind foot 21-3; ear 20. 

Skull: greatest length 30:5; condylo-incisive length 29; zygomatic 
breadth 16°3; nasals 11-7; interorbital breadth 4; breadth of brain- 
case 128; palatilar length 15; palatal foramina 7-7; antero-posterior 
length of bulla 4°7 ; upper molar series 5°7, 

Hab. La Lagunita, Maimara, Jujuy. 

Type. Adult female in spirit. B.M. no. 19. 7.10.8. Collected by 
E. Budin. Five specimens examined, two of them quite young. 

As shown by its small bulla, this species is clearly most closely allied 
oe = sublimis, but is readily distinguishable by the greater size of its 
skull. 


+ Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (9) iii. p. 489, 


130 Mr. O. Thomas on 


2. Phyllotis ricardulus, Thos. 


gS. 410, 411, 420, 421, 457, 458,473, 482; 9. 412, 456, 
459, 463, 469, 479, 481, 483. Abrapampa, 3500 m. 

S. 503, 506, 516, 517, 526, 535; 2. 502, 510, 525, 528, 
543. Casabindo, 4000-4500 m. 

The Pericotes from Maimara, Jujuy, provisionally referred 
to P. wolffsohni in 1913*, appear also to be referable to 
P.ricardulus, recently described from Otro Cerro, Catamarca. 

The true P. wolffsohni of Bolivia has decidedly larger 


molars. 


3. Hesperomys carillus argurus, subsp. n. 


3. 455, 477, 499, 500; 9. 496, 497. Abrapampa, 
3900 m. 

“On the bank of the laguna, in humid pasture-land.” 

Essential characters apparently quite as in the true 7. ca- 
villus, but colour throughout much paler. General colour 
above pale drabby buffy varying to greyish buffy ; sides 
clearer, sometimes with a well-marked buffy line. Under 
surface greyish white, the bases of the hairs broadly slaty. 
Head like back. Ears with proectote brown lined with 
buffy ; metentote strongly buffy ; a whitish postauricular 
spot present. Hands and feet white. Tail wholly white, 
one specimen only having its upper median line faintly 
darkened. Mamme apparently 3—2=10. 

Skull apparently much as in carillus, thouga he zygo- 
matic plate is slightly broader than in our only example of 
that animal. | 

Dimensions of the type :— 

Head and body 79 mm.; tail 45; hind foot 16:5; 
ear 16°5. 

Skull: greatest length 22 ; condylo-incisive length 20:2 ; 
zygomatic breadth 12; nasals 8°5; interorbital breadth 3:3 ; 
palatilar length 9°2; palatal foramina 5; upper molar 
series 34. 

Hab. as above. 

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 19, 8.1.21. Original 
number 496. Collected 17th February, 1919. 

This pretty laucha is evidently the dry-area representative 
of the forest H. carillus, from which it differs by its con- 
spicuously lighter colour. 


* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 189 (1918). 


Mammals from North Argentina. 131 


4, Eligmodontia hirtipes jucunda, subsp. n. 


3d. 438, 447, 449, 450, 472, 474, 488,495 ; 9. 451, 471, 
478, 487. Abrapampa, 3500 m. 

“Caught in sandy soil. Inhabits deserted burrows of 
Tuco-tucos.’—E. B. 

Similar in proportions and other essential characters to the 
typical Airtipes of the Lake Poopo region of Bolivia, but the 
colour much less bright and buffy. Upper surface drabby 
buff, much darker than the sandy buff of hirtipes—the rump 
only more distinctly buffy. Hairs of sides with a lessened 
but still perceptible whitish subterminal ring. Face greyish 
buffy. Head and sides drabby buff. Under surface pure 
white or creamy white to the bases of the hairs. An incon- 
spicuous whitish area between eye and ear. Ears with pro- 
ectote markedly darker. Hands and feet white. Tail white, 
with a darker line generally present along its upper surface, 
but this is absent in the oldest individuals ; in Airtipes the 
darker line is scarcely ever perceptible. 

Skull as in hirtipes. 

Dimensions of the type:— 

Head and body 85 mm.; tail 80; hind foot 22; 
ear 18. 

Skull: greatest length 25; condylo-incisive length 22:2 ; 
zygomatic breadth 13°2; palatilar length 10°23 palatal 
foramina 5°7 ; upper molar series 4, 

Hab. as above. 

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 19.8.1. 29. Original 
number 488. Collected 5th February, 1919. 

This Jujuy representative of the beautiful little gerbil- 
mouse of the desert-region round Lake Poopo may be readily 
distinguished by its greyer and duller coloration. 


5. Bolomys albiventer, Thos. 


3. 437, 439, 452, 460, 461, 464, 466, 470, 475, 480, 486; 
?. 404, 408, 419, 453, 465, 467, 485, 494. Abrapampa, 
3500 m. 

gd. 501, 505, 519; 2. 504, 542. Casabindo, 4000 m. 

This is evidently the common vole-mouse (as the members 
of.the Akodon group might be termed) of the whole of the 
high Octodentomys area of Bolivia and N. Argentina. 


6. Octodontomys gliroides, Gerv. & D’Orb. 
fd. 513, 514, 521. Casabindo, 4000 m. 


132 Mr. O. Thomas on 


7. Ctenomys luteolus, Thos. 


G6. 415, 416, 423, 426, 427, 432, 433,442,493; 9. 407, 
409, 413, 424, 431, 440, 441, 445, 489, 492. Abrapampa, 
3500 m. 

This tuco-tuco was described in 1899 on a single specimen 
from the “ Cordillera of Jujuy ’—therefore very much the 
same locality as the present. 

The coloration, notably the whitish or white nose, proves 
to be absolutely constant throughout this fine series, while 
in the skull I find that the anterior cheek-teeth are slightly 
less in diameter than in opimus, and the skull itself does not 
seem to attain so great a size. I consequently now use the 
name in a binomial form. 


8. Abrocoma cinerea, sp. n. 


3. 540. Cerro Casabindo, 4800 m. (=15,600'), 22nd 
March, 1919. . B.M. no.19"S22) 29:4 Pype. 

A grey mountain Abrocoma, with very short tail and feet. 

Size about as in A. murrayi, smaller than in A. bennetti. 
-Fur very soft and fine; hairs of back just over 20 mm. in 
length. General colour above light grey, slightly paler than 
“pale neutral grey’; lighter on sides ; belly broadly washed 
with greyish white. Ears very large, almost naked, brown. 
Forearms and lower legs buffy whitish; hands and feet 
silvery white. Soles of the same crenulated structure as in 
the other species, but the feet themselves disproportionally 
small, only about half the length of theskull. Tail also very 
short, about half as long as in the other species, uniformly 
closely haired, not crested, pale neutral grey above, white 
below. | 

Skull showing an extreme development of the differences 
that separate A. murrayt from bennettii. A, murrayt has a 
bowed skull, with small incisors and large bullve; in A. cv- 
nerea the skull is more bowed, has still smaller—indeed, 
quite abnormally small—incisors and still larger buile. 
Otherwise there is little to distinguish the two, and the struc- 
ture of the molars is quite the same in all. Height of middle 
part of zygomata greatest (4°5 mm.) in bennett, 3:4 in 
murrayt, least (2°38 mm.) in einerea. Posterior palatine 
foramina quite small, not the conspicuous opening found in 
the other species. 

Dimensions of the type :— 

Head and body 192 mm.; tail 70; hind foot 27°5; 
ear 29°5. 


Mammals from North Argentina. 133 


Skull: greatest median length 48; condylo-incisive length 
44:7; zygomatic breadth 23°3; bimeatal breadth 25°95; 
nasals 19°5x6°3; interorbital breadth 8°5; least breadth 
across brain-case 20°3 ; palatilar length 21°5 ; palatal fora- 
mina 11 ; bullw, diagonal horizontal length 16°8, height to 
protruding part on top of skull 17; upper cheek-tooth series, 
crowns 9, alveoli 9°7. 

Hab, and type as above. 

So different does this ‘‘ Raton Chinchilla,” as Sr. Budin 
calls it, look from anything known, that it was at first sup- 
posed to represent a new genus ; but close study shows that 
its peculiarities are only a further specialization of those 
shown by Wolffsohn’s Abrocoma murrayi, and that there is 
no reason to separate it generically. It is, however, in any 
case a very striking addition to the mammal fauna of Argen- 
tina, the other species of the genus being Chilian or Peruvian. 

The single specimen was trapped by Sr. Budin—to his 

‘great delight—among the rocks on the Volcano of Casabindo, 
at the very considerable altitude recorded above. Of H. ben- 
netttt we have examples taken by Mr. Wolffsohn at 200 and 
800 metres, and of H. murrayi at 600 metres in the lower 
highlands of Chili. But how far they range up on the main 
Cordillera I do not know. 


9. Lagidium vulcant, sp. n. 


3. 507; 2. 508. Casabindo, 4000 m. 


3. 538, 539, and a separate skull. Cerro Casabindo, 
4800 m. . 


“ Shot among the rocks.” —Z. B. 

Near L. tucumanum, but much more suffused with buffy, 
and with white incisors. 

General colour of adult strongly suffused with buffy, the 
ends of the hairs more or less buffy yellow. Sides and belly 
brighter yellowish. White axillary and inguinal patches 
present. Face more greyish or whitish buffy than the body, 
the colour there much lighter than in other species. Hands 
and feet buffy whitish. ‘Tail with the usual blackish under 
surface. 

Skull larger than in tucumanum. Nasals fairly narrow, 
slightly inflated anteriorly, but not broader than the pre- 
maxille. Frontal processes of premaxillee more surpassing 
the nasals, Lacrymal bones larger, projected over the orbit. 
Projecting area of bulle on top of skull of the same shape as 
in tucumanum, but larger. Incisive fissure quite narrow, not 


134 Mr. O. Thomas on 


open as in lockwoodi. Bullee much inflated, larger. than in 
tucumanum, nearly equalling those of lockwoodt. 

Incisors wholly white. Molars larger and heavier than in 
tucumanum, and their laminz slightly less oblique, more 
transverse than in that species. 

Dimensions of the type :— 

Head and body 370 1am.; tail 301; hind foot 90; ear 
(dry) 71 *. 

Skull: greatest length 88; condylo-incisive length 81; 
zygomatic breadth 44 ; nasals 83°5 x 10°5; breadth of brain- 
case 35; projecting upper part of bulla 5°6 x 8:5 ; palatilar 
length 41 ; diameter of bullee at right angles to their longest 
axis 11°8 ; upper tooth-series, crowns 21, alveoli 21°8 ; 
greatest breadth across the two series 21°8; breadth of m! on 
lamina 5°2. 

Hab. Cerro Casabindo, 4800 m. 

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 19. 8.2.32. Original 
number 538. Collected 20th March, 1919. ‘ 

The two specimens from the lower altitude (4000 m.) of 
Casabindo itself are not so buffy as the two from the Cerro 
at 4800 m., but they are both much younger, and I put 
down their greater greyness to this cause. 

This species is distinguishable from LZ. tuewmanum by its 
white incisors, all our four specimens of that animal having 
them deep yellow, as is also the case in L. cuscus and 
lockwoodi, its larger teeth, larger bulla, and by the yellowish- 
buffy colour of the fur. 


10. Galea comes, sp. n. 
3. 490, 491; 9. 448. Abrapampa, 3500 m. 


External characters quite as in G. boliviensis. 

Skull stout and strongly built, very much as in G. anceps. 
Nasals running back in the centre to a point projecting con- 
siderably further backward than the premaxillary processes— 
more so than in the lectotype of G. boliviensis. Mesoptery- 
goid fossee parallel-sided, their anterior edge nearly squarely 
transverse, or notched, their general -shape resembling the 
upper half of the figure called “ scutiform ” by Ridgway f. 
‘he same is the case in G. anceps, while in G. boliviensis 
they are narrowed anteriorly to a V-shaped notch, not unlike 


* There is an obvious Japsus calami in the measurement given on 
Sr. Budin’s label, so I have simply measured the dry ear. 
+ ‘Nomenclature of Colours,’ ed. 1, pl. xii. (1912). 


Mammals from North Argentina. 135 


the top part of the figure named “ cuneate.”’? Bulle about 
as in G. boliviensis, not so swollen as in anceps. 

Dimensions of the type:— 

Head and body 243 mm. ; hind foot 39; ear 22. 

Skull: greatest length 54 ; condylo-incisive length 48:2 ; 
zygomatic breadth 33; nasals 20 x 8:2; interorbital breadth 
12; palatilar length 24 ; antero-posterior length of bulla 13; 
upper tooth-series, crowns 13; breadth across m? 15°3. * 

Hab. Jujuy. Type from Maimara, 2230 m. Other speci- 
mens from Abrapampa. 

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 12. 12.12.53. Original 
no. 25. Collected 15th March, 1912, by E. Budin and 
presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild. Hight speci- 
mens examined. 

This Cuiso agrees with G. boliviensis in the size of its 
bulle, but differs by the peculiarly broadened shape of the 
choanze, which are more like those of the large-bulla species, 
G. anceps. 


11. Dasypus nationt, Thos. 
3. 435, 436. Abrapampa, 3500 m. 


“ Quirchincho.” 

So far as I am aware, no specimen of this distinct species 
has been recorded since I described it in 1894* on an 
example sent from Oruro to Prof. Nation of Peru, by whom 
it was presented to the British Museum. 

The type having had quite an imperfect skull, I am glad 
to be now able to record the skull-measurements of an old 
male of the species, no. 435:—Condylo-nasal length 73 ; 
basal length 60°5 ; zygomatic breadth 46; nasals 24x 8°5 ; 
interorbital breadth 18°5; bi-meatal breadth 45; palatal 
length 42; greatest breadth of palate including teeth 16. 

These two specimens differ in the number of scale-rows in 
the shoulder-shield, no. 436, like the type, having only three 
rows in the centre, while no. 435 has four. 

Both specimens are rather more hairy than the type, but 
the latter looks somewhat worn and may possibly have been 
in confinement. 


12. Marmosa elegans pallidior, ‘Thos. 


2. 462. Abrapampa, 3500 m. 
g. 512, 518, 520, 522; 9. 509, 511, 515, 523, 537. 
Casabindo, 4000—4500 m. 


* Ann, & Mag. N. H. (6) xiii. p. 70; 


136 On Two Species of Cicadidee. 


XX.—Two apparently undescribed Species of Cicadidee 
from Tropical Africa. By W. L. Distant. 


THE two species of Ugada here described are in the Collection 
of the British Museum, a collection now, without a doubt, 
the finest and most comprehensive in the world. 


: Ugada nigrofasciata, sp. n. 


Body dark castaneous bro\n; pronotum with a broad 
transverse black fascia at the anterior margin of the posterior 
area of the pronotum, which is dull ochraceous, and the 
extreme posterior margin of same, black ; mesonotum with 
four small dark obconical spots, on anterior margin of which 
the two central ones are largest, and a longer but more 
obscure spot on the lateral areas ; abdomen above darker in 
hue with the segmental margins narrowly ochraceous, the 
three terminal segments thickly whitely tomentose ; body 
beneath with the pronotal angular dilatations, the tibis and 
rostrum—excluding base—black or blackish; base of rostrum, 
streaks to cox and trochanters, and the opercula in g, 
ochraceous ; tegmina dull greyishly opaque, excepting on 
apical area where it is marginally, submarginally, and on 
most of postcostal area vitreous, the venation black and the 
basal cell thickly, pale stramineously tomentose, the costal 
membrane ochraceous ; wings pale castaneous brown, the 
venation darker in hue, the posterior marginal area vitreous, 
darkly, suffused near anal angle; pronotal angles strongly 
angularly produced ; head including eyes about two-thirds 
the width of base of mesonotum; rostrum reaching base of 
posterior trochanters ; face strongly centrally longitudinally 
sulcate and on each side strongly transversely sulcate. 

Long., ¢ & ¢ (excl. tegm.), 35-38 ; exp. tegm. 105-112 ; 
breadth between pronot. angl. 22-23 mm. 

Hab. Kamerun; Buar, Tazada. 


Ugada atratula, sp. n. 


Body black, eyes shining black ; lateral areas and posterior 
marginal area of pronotum, sternum, and opercula more 
fuscous in hue; legs black; tegmina with about basal half 
fuscous brown where all the veins are somewhat broadly 
piceous, remaining area hyaline or subhyaline, the veins 
black, a subapical fuscous angulated fascia crossing the 
unional veins of the four upper ulnar and apical areas and 
marked with a few pale spots and a somewhat similar apical 
submarginal fascia enclosing five marginal pale spots, another 


On new Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 137 


pale spot enclosed on the union of the two lower apical areas ; 
wings fuscous, the venation sanguineous, the marginal fringe 
pale hyaline ; pronotal lateral angles prominently broad and 
acute; head including eyes a little more than two-thirds the 
width of base of mesonotum ; rostrum passing the posterior 
trochanters; opercula (in @) short, broadly rounded, their 
inner angles almost uniting; face centrally longitudinally 
and on each side strongly transversely sulcate. 

Long., 3, 30 (exel. tegm.) ; exp. tegm. 100 mm. 

Hab. French Central Africa; Tuburi Marsh (P. A, 
Talbot). 


XXI1.—Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies 
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Georce F. Hampson, 
Bart; F.Z.8., &e. 


[Continued from p. 68. ] 
(3c) Surattha rubrifusalis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax white tinged with red-brown, the former 
faintly ; abdomen white slightly tinged with red-brown ; antennz 
black; palpi tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral 
surface of abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown, the fore 
tibis and tarsi suffused with red-brown, the mid and hind tarsi 
banded with red-brown. Fore wing white suffused with pale red- 
brown and slightly irrorated with black, especially on basal and 
costal areas; a short diffused black fascia below base of cell; an 
indistinct diffused curved black antemedial line; a black bar from 
middle of costa and point above vein 1; a black fascia in and just 
beyond end of cell with a white discoidal spot on it; a white sub- 
terminal line defined on inner side by blackish, excurved below vein 
6, then faint; a terminal series of blackish points; cilia white with 
a brown line through them. Hind wing white faintly tinged with 
red-brown. Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown. 

2. Thorax and fore wing strongly suffused with red-brown. 

Hab. Br. E, Arnica, Manda I. (Jackson), 1 3,1 Q type. 
Exp. 22 mm. 


(8d) Surattha pheomesa, sp. n. 


2. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish suffused with brown and 
some rufous, the abdomen more rufous towards base of dorsum ; 
antenne fuscous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen 
white tinged with brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with brown 
and some rufous, the costal area almost entirely white, extending on 
outer half of medial area to the median nervure and vein 4, the 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 11 


138 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


terminal area white; a diffused black subbasal line, oblique below 
submedian fold and slightly angled outwards above inner margin ; 
antemedial line formed by diffused black marks below the costa 
and in and below the cell, then almost obsolete; medial line rather 
diffused, black, angled outwards at median nervure and vein 1; the 
outer half of medial area grey suffused with fuscous, white to vein 
4; a small black discoidal spot; postmedial line rather diffused, 
black defined on outer side by rufous, somewhat dentate and 
slightly angled outwards below submedian fold, forming a small 
spot at costa; subterminal line strong, rufous with some black 
at costa, its outer edge slightly dentate, its inner éxcurved at 
middle; a maculate black terminal line. Hind wing greyish 
fuscous. Underside greyish fuscous, the fore wing with the 
terminal half of costa white with a small black postmedial spot 
on it. 

Ab. 1. Fore wing with a white line beyond the antemedial black 
marks, the terminal area with the rufous much broader and the 
white before and beyond it reduced. 

Ab. 2. Fore wing with the outer half of medial area dark except 
at costa. 

Hab. “Gero. E. Arrica,” Lulanguru, nr. Tabora (Carpenter), 
4 2 type. Hep, 18-20 mm. 


(8e) Surattha diffusilinea, sp. n. 


Head white; thorax and abdomen white tinged with rufous ; 
antenne of male with the branches black; palpi slightly tinged 
with rufous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. 
Fore wing white faintly tinged with rufous and slightly irrorated 
with blackish ; a diffused oblique black antemedial line, excurved 
below submedian fold; two similar medial lines, the inner more 
diffused and indistinct, the outer with a pure white discoidal lunule 
on its outer.edge; a diffused curved black postmedial line and 
similar but narrower and somewhat dentate subterminal line; 
a terminal series of slight blackish points; cilia white mixed with 
some red-brown. Hind wing white faintly tinged with rufous. 
Underside white tinged with rufous. 

Hab. N.S. Wares, Broken Hill (Zower),1 5,1 9 type. Eup. 
2) mm. 


(3) Surattha albicostalis, sp. n. 


©, Head and thorax white tinged with rufous; abdomen white ; 
sate white mixed with rufous and with some blackish at tips; pectus 
and legs white. Fore wing white suffused with rufous and thickly 
irrorated with black in the interspaces, the costal area pure white, 
with a slight rufous tinge towards base; slight subbasal and 
antemedial marks in the cell and a black streak below vein 1 
on antemedial area; an indistinct oblique white medial line from 
subcostal nervure to inner margin, defined on each side by slight 


Pyralide 07 the Subfamily Crambine. 139 


diffused black marks; black bars before and beyond the disco- 
cellulars ; postmedial line white, defined on inner side by diffused 
black except at costa and on outer by fulvous yellow, excurved 
beyond the cell and incurved at submedian fold; a series of small 
dentate black spots before termen; cilia white with red-brown 
lines near base and tips. Hind wing white faintly tinged with red- 
brown, the cilia pure white with a pale red-brown line near base. 
Underside white slightly tinged with rufous. 

Hab. Mapras, Horseleykonda (Campbell), 1 2 type. Exp. 
28 mm. 


(4a) Surattha endoleuca, sp. n. 


do. Head and thorax white irrorated with brown; antenne with 
the shaft white, the branches black; abdomen red-brown with some 
white at base and extremity and with white segmental lines except 
towards base, the ventral surface white irrorated with brown; 
pectus and femora white; tibiz and tarsi pale red-brown. Fore 
wing reddish brown tinged with grey and irrorated with white, the 
inner area and the termen except towards apex white irrorated with 
brown; a faint, pale fulvous, almost medial line oblique towards 
costa, then waved and ending at vein 1, defined on outer side by 
black irroration below subcostal nervure and on inner side below 
the cell; a subbasal patch of black irroration above and below 
vein 1; a small white discoidal spot; subterminal line white 
towards costa then pale fulvous, ending at vein 1, dentate except 
towards costa and defined on inner side by black irroration, 
somewhat excurved at middle, then oblique; a rather maculate 
black terminal line; cilia white tinged with fulvous, with two 
slight blackish lines through them and some black scales at tips. 
Hind wing whitish suffused with reddish brown; a fine dark 
terminal line; the cilia whiter with traces of two dark lines 
through them. Underside white tinged with reddish brown 
especially on fore wing which has the subterminal line white 
and maculate. 


Hab. 8. Pauestine, El Fukhari (Austen), 2 35 type. Exp, 
20 mm. 


(46) Surattha arenalis, sp. n. 


dg. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with pale 
red-brown ; antenne with the shaft white, the branches pale red- 
brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore 
wing whitish uniformly suffused with pale reddish brown; traces 
of a sinuous dark line from lower angle of cell to inner margin and 
of a postmedial line excurved towards costa and inner margin and 
incurved at vein 2. Hind wing whitish strongly suffused with 
reddish brown. Underside whitish suffused with reddish brown. 

9. Hind wing paler. 

Hab. Punsas, Moghal Sarai (Betton), 1 5,3 2 type. Ezxp., 
3 20, 2 24-26 mm. 

EL 


140 Sir G. F. Hampson on new © 


(5a) Surattha ochrifasciata, sp. un. 


3. Head and thorax black irrorated with a few white scales ; 
abdomen whitish suffused with black; pectus and legs white mixed 
with black. Fore wing black mixed with grey-white, the costal 
area tinged with red-brown to towards apex with a black streak 
below its medial part; a reddish-ochreous fascia in ‘submedian 
interspace to beyond middle with a deep black streak below it on 
terminal half; another reddish-ochreous fascia in and beyond end 
of cell. Hind wing whitish tinged with brown; a blackish streak 
on terminal part of vein 1 and some black scales on termen from 
apex to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing and costal area of 
hind wing suffused with reddish brown. 

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Eb Urru (Betton), 1 d type. Eup. 
28 mm. 


Genus CATANCYLA, nov. 
Type, C. brunnea. 


Proboscis fully developed; palpi downcurved, extending about 
twice the length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi 
triangularly dilated with scales; frons with pointed conical 
prominence; antennz of male bipectinate with rather long 
branches to apex. Fore wing rather narrow, the apex rounded, 
the termen evenly curved; vein 2 from towards angle of cell; 
3 and 5 from angle, 4 absent; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8, 9 
stalked; 10, 11 from cell, 11 not anastomosing with 12. Hind 
wing with vein 2 from well before angle of cell; 3 and 5 from 
angle, 4 absent; 6 obsolescent from below upper angle; 8 approxi- 
mated to 7, but not anastomosing with it. 

In key differs from Ancylolomia in the fore wing having vein 4 
absent and 11 free. 


Catancyla brunnea, sp. n. 


3g. Head and thorax bright red-brown; abdomen whitish 
suffused with red-brown; pectus and legs whitish suffused with 
red-brown. Fore wing bright red-brown mixed with some whitish 
and irrorated with blackish, a whitish fascia in submedian fold to 
end of cell; traces of an oblique postmedial series of blackish points 
on veins 6 to 1; a red-brown terminal line and line near base of 
cilia. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown. Underside of fore 
wing whitish tinged with red-brown. 

@. Fore wing more uniform red-brown without the whitish 
fascia below the cell, traces of a blackish medial line bent outwards 
below costa and incurved below submedian fold, the postmedial 
points more distinct and somewhat clavate, a subterminal series 
of blackish points on the veins. 


Hab. W. AusTraia, Roebourne,1 ¢, 2-9 type. Hap., d 22, 
Q°24 mm. 


Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 141 


(la) Ancylolomia castaneata, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax glossy black-brown ; abdomen rufous with 
a cupreous gloss ; palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen 
red-brown suffused with blackish. Fore wing chestnut-brown, the 
inner half -to near termen and a postmedial shade except at costa 
fuscous brown; a black streak in the cell with some silvery scales 
above it, two short streaks beyond the cell, and a short streak 
in submedian fold below end of cell; a slightly sinuous dark 
subterminal line with some silvery scales on it; a series of black 
points before termen ; cilia with a dark line at base. Hind wing 
pale reddish brown. Underside greyish tinged with red-brown. 

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 2 3 type. Exp. 32 mm. 


(1b) Ancylolomia melanella, sp. n. 


Head and thorax black-brown ; abdomen greyish dorsally tinged 
with brown. Fore wing black-brown; cupreous fascie with streaks 
of black scales on them in the cell, on the veins for some distance 
beyond it and in submedian interspace; silvery streaks above 
median nervure, in the interspaces beyond the cell for some 
distance and below submedian fold; a whitish terminal band with 
series of fuscous and black points on it, defined on inner side by 
silvery and brown lines and angled at vein 3; cilia black with pale 
tips. Hind wing white, the costal area and terminal area to vein 2 
in male, in female the costal area only tinged with brown. 

Hab. “ Ger. E. Arrica,” Dar-es-Salaam, 19; Narat, Maritz- 
burg (Queckett),1 3 type. Exp. 30 mm. 


(1d) Ancylolomia perfasciata, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax golden cupreous with a black streak on 
vertex of head and thorax and fascia at sides of tegule and patagia, 
the outer edge of base of patagia white; abdomen white with some 
fulvous at base of dorsum and forming slight segmental lines ; 
antenne tinged with black; pectus and legs white, the latter 
tinged with golden cupreous; ventral surface of abdomen with 
subventral and ventral cupreous streaks. Fore wing golden 
cupreous; a blackish fascia through the cell to the subterminal 
line, rather diffused beyond the cell, and another on basal half 
of vein 1, then in submedian interspace to the subterminal line; 
streaks of black scales through the cell, in terminal half of sub- 
median fold and on the veins beyond the cell; silvery streaks above 
median nervure, above and below terminal half of submedian fold 
and in the interspaces beyond the cell to the subterminal line, 
which is double, silvery blackish filled in with orange-yellow, 
oblique towards apex, then minutely dentate to vein 3 where it 
is angled outwards, then incurved; a silvery blackish line before 
termen, arising before apex, slightly waved to below vein 4 where 
it is interrupted and oblique from below vein 3 ; cilia silvery fuscous 


142 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


at base, then silvery white tinged with fuscous at tips. Hind wing 
glossy white. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing 
suffused with red-brown except on terminal area. 

2. Fore wing with the black fascie much stronger. 

Ab. 1. Hind wing suffused with fuscous, the base white. 

Hab. Asysstnta, Zegi Tsana (Degen), 1 2; Br. E. Arrica, 
Nakura (Bodeker),1 3,1 Q type; Uaanpna (Doggett), 1 2 ; 
MasHONALAND, Salisbury (Marshall),1 3; Transvaau(Cholmley), 
2 3, Johannesburg (Cregoe), 1 3, Pretoria (Distant), 1 Q ; 
ZULULAND, Lr. Tugela R. (Reynolds), 2 6,1 2 ; Navan, Maritz- 
burg (Burnup), 1d; Mapagascar, Antananarivo (Kingdon), 29. 
Exp. 32-42 mm. 


(le) Ancylolomia prepiella, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen white; palpi brown at sides; patagia 
with the upper half brown. Fore wing golden brown with pure 
white fasciz on costa to near apex, below the cell to just beyond 
lower angle, on inner margin, and above vein 5; two silver streaks 
in cell, one in submedian interspace, and others in the interspaces 
beyond the cell; series of black scales on the veins, in the cell, and 
in submedian interspaces; a terminal white band with series of 
black points on it and defined on inner side by silvery and white 
lines; cilia silver at tips. Hind wing pure white. 

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cook), 1 3,1 2, Modderfontein 
(Cruger), 1 2, Johannesburg (Cregoe), 1 g ; Narat, 1 Q type; 
Basutotanp, Masite (Weigall), 1 6, Pithaneng R. Valley 
(Crawshay), 1 3; C. Conony, Zuurberg (Bairstow), 4 3. 
Exp. 28-36 mm. 


(1f) Ancylolomia albicostalis, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax pale fulvous; abdomen white; antenne 
tinged with fuscous, pectus white; legs and ventral surface of 
abdomen pale fulvous. Fore wing pale golden cupreous, the costal 
area whitish to near apex with the costal edge fuscous ; a white 
fascia along median nervure to origin of vein 2; silvery streaks 
above terminal half of median nervure, below terminal half of 
submedian fold, and in the interspaces beyond the cell to near the 
subterminal line; streaks of black scales through the cell, on 
terminal part of median nervure, in terminal half of submedian 
fold, on medial part of vein 1, and on the veins beyond the cell to 
the subterminal line, which is double, silvery, slightly waved, and 
angled outwards at vein 3; the termen creamy white with a black 
point before it below apex; cilia silvery fuscous at base, then 
silvery white with some brown at tips. Hind wing glossy white. 
Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown except on inner and 
terminal areas. 

Hab, Masnonatand, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 9 type. Exp. 
42 mm. 


Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 143 


(46) Ancylolomia lentifascialis, sp. n. 


3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with brown: 
antenne tinged with fuscous; palpi and fore legs fulvous brown. 
Fore wing whitish irrorated with brown and the costal area tinged 
with golden cupreous to beyond middle, a brownish shade through 
the cell; faint silvery streaks above median nervure, along vein 1, 
and in the interspaces beyond the cell; streaks of black scales 
through the cells and on the veins just beyond the cell and a patch 
of black and silver scales in submedian fold below origin of vein 2; 
subterminal line double, silvery, oblique towards costa, then slightly 
waved to vein 3 where it is angled outwards; the termen white 
with a brownish line before it from below apex with a series 
of slight black points on it; cilia silvery at base, silvery white 
at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside of fore wing and 
costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown, the termen 
whitish. 

Hab. Transvaat, Zoutspanberg (Janse), 4 3 type. Exp. 
32 mm. 


(4¢) Acylolomia fulvitinctalis, sp. n. 


Q. Head and thorax white tinged with rufous ; abdomen white, 
the base of dorsum tinged with fulvous ; pectus white ; legs tinged 
with rufous; abdomen with blackish subventral spots on medial 
segments. Fore wing white tinged with fulvous and sparsely 
irrorated with black-brown scales ; faint silvery streaks above end 
of median nervure, above middle of vein 1, and in the interspaces 
beyond the cell; some black scales tending to form short streaks 
in end of cell, in the interspaces just beyond the cell, and below 
base of vein 2; an indistinctly double brownish and silvery sub- 
terminal line, oblique towards costa, then slightly waved to vein 3 
where it is angled outwards; a series of prominent black points 
before termen; cilia metallic silvery at base, then silvery white 
with some brownish at tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside 
of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous. 

Hab. Ueanpa, Gondokoro (Heymes-Cole), 1 Q type. Eup. 
36 mm. 


(4e) Acylolomia melanothoraeia, sp. n. 


Q@. Head and thorax black; abdomen brownish grey, dorsally 
fulvous yellow towards base then with whitish segmental lines; 
fore legs whitish. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the costal area to 
near apex and the inner area towards base red-brown, the costa 
darker towards base; slight streaks of silvery scales with some 
black scales above them below discal and submedian folds to end 
of cell and in the interspaces of postmedial area; a deep rufous 
discoidal bar; a lunulate black postmedial spot between veins 
6 and 4 with a quadrate patch beyond it on termen, and an oblique 


144 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


mark below vein 2 with a wedge-shaped patch beyond it on termen. 
Hind wing glossy fuscous grey, the cilia whiter. Underside fuscous 
grey, the fore wing with the costa fulvous yellow towards apex. 

Hab. “Gero. KE. Arrica,” Lulanguru, nr. Tabora (Carpenter), 
1 Q type. Exp. 26 mm. 


(4f) Ancylolomia agraphella, sp. n. 


@. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown, the last dorsally 
ochreous towards base. Fore wing pale golden brown irrorated 
with a few black scales; a black point at upper angle of cell; 
traces of a subterminal series of specks on the veins; a terminal 
series of points. Hind wing fuscous. 

Hab. Assam (Badgley), 1 2 ; Trmor, Oinainissa (Doherty), 
1 Q type. Exp. 28-32 mm. 


(5a) Ancylolomia chrysargyria, sp. n. 


Head and thorax rufous with some whitish on vertex of head; 
abdomen white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally fulvous; pectus, 
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white suffused with rufous. 
Fore wing golden cupreous; a diffused whitish fascia on medial 
part of costa ; a white fascia on and below median nervure to origin 
of vein 2, then below vein 2 to end of cell; a silvery streak below 
submedian fold to well beyond middle, a streak below the terminal 
half of the white fascia and short streaks in the interspaces beyond 
the cell; streaks formed by black scales in terminal half of cell, on 
terminal part of median nervure, in submedian fold, and on the basal 
half of the veins beyond the cell; the terminal area white with a 
narrow silvery subterminal band to submedian fold, excurved at » 
vein 8, with a fine slightly waved rufous line before it; a series of 
minute black points before termen to submedian fold, placed on a 
fine brown line interrupted at vein 8; cilia silvery at base, white at 
tips. Hind wing glossy white. Underside white, the fore wing 
and costal area of hind wing tinged with rufous except on terminal 
area. 

Hab. S. Niaerta, Foreados (Simpson), 13 , Lokoja (Dudgeon), 
19; N. Nigeria, Minna (Macfie), 6 5,1 92 type, Zungeru 
(Macfie),19. Exp., 3 22, 2 26-28 mm. 


(5b) Ancylolomia cresus, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax fulvous ; abdomen white, the 2nd and 3rd 
segments dorsally fulvous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of 
abdomen white suffused with red-brown, the fore tibizw and tarsi 
white in front. Fore wing golden cupreous; a diffused whitish 
fascia on medial part of costa; a pure white fascia below median 
nervure to end of cell, silvery streaks on median nervure, below 
submedian fold, and in the interspaces beyond the cell to well beyond 
middle; streaks formed by black scales from middle of cell, in 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 145 


submedian fold, above vein 1, and on the veins beyond the cell to 
well beyond middle; the terminal area white with a silvery sub- 
terminal line to submedian fold, angled outwards at vein 3, a fine 
rufous line before it ; a series of minute black points before termen 
to submedian fold, placed on a fine brown line interrupted at vein 3 ; 
cilia silvery white with a brownish line at base. Hind wing glossy 
white. Underside white, the fore wing and costal area of hind 
wing tinged with red-brown except on terminal area. 

Q. Fore wing with the medial part of costa only slightly pale, 
the rutous line before the subterminal line hardly traceable. 

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 bd, 4 Q type, 
Kikuyu (Crawshay),2 2, Eb Urru (Betton),1 db. Exp., 5 26- 
30, 2? 34-40 mm. 


(5¢) Ancylolomia dives, sp. n. 


3S. Head and thorax rufous; abdomen white tinged with rufous; 
pectus whitish; legs rufous. Fore wing golden cupreous; a dif- 
fused white fascia on medial part of costa; silvery streaks from 
middle above and below submedian fold and in the interspaces 
beyond the cell to near the subterminal line; streaks formed by 
black scales in discal fold from before middle, on terminal parts of 
subcostal and median nervures, in submedian fold, and on the 
veins beyond the cell to well beyond middle ; a silvery subterminal 
line to submedian fold with a fine rufous line before it and defined 
on outer side by a narrew white band, somewhat dentate on costal 
half and slightly angled outwards at vein 3 ; the termen pale yellow 
with a series of minute black points before it to submedian fold 
placed on a brown line interrupted at vein 3; cilia silvery at base, 
white at tips. Hind wing glossy white, faintly tinged with red- 
brown except on inner and terminal areas. Underside of fore wing 
and costal half of hind wing suffused with red-brown except at 
termen. 

Hab. Manvras, Belgaum ( Watson), 3 5 type. Exp. 24 mm. 


(5e) Ancylolomia ophiralis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax rufous, the patagia with white stripe at middle 
and black stripe above, the dorsum of thorax with some black ; abdo- 
men white, the 2nd and 8rd segments dorsally fulvous ; pectus 
whitish ; legs and ventral surface of abdomen pale rufous. Fore 
wing golden cupreous, the medial part of costal area suffused with 
white; silvery streaks above basal half of subcostal nervure, in 
upper and lower parts of cell, above vein 1, and in the interspaces 
beyond the cell to near the subterminal line; slight rather diffused 
streaks formed by black scales through middle of cell, on terminal 
parts of subcostal and median nervures, in terminal half of sub- 
median fold, and on the veins beyond the cell to near the subterminal 
line; the terminal area white with a silvery subterminal line with 
slight rufous line before it, minutely dentate on costal half and 


146 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


angled outwards at vein 3; a slightly waved brownish line just 
before termen with some blackish points on it. Hind wing white 
tinged with reddish brown except on basalarea. Underside of fore 
wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown 
except at termen. 

2. Head and thorax uniform rufous; fore wing with the medial 
part of costal area only slightly paler, the markings less distinct. 

Hab. 8. NieEerta (Dudgeon), 1 3, 1 @ type. EHup., 3 382, 
© 36 mm. 


(5 f) Ancylolomia atrifasciata, sp. n. 


Head white with a red-brown streak; thorax ochreous rufous 
with black stripes at sides of tegule and upper edge of patagia and 
dorsum of thorax; abdomen white tinged with brownish ochreous, 
the 2nd segment dorsally fulvous ; antennz and palpi fulvous, the 
latter with some black scales at tips; pectus, legs, and ventral 
surface of abdomen white suffused with rufous. Fore wing reddish 
ochreous with a golden gloss, the costal edge white towards base 
and the medial part of costal area suffused with whitish, a white 
fascia below the cell to near extremity; silvery streaks below sub- 
costal and above median nervure and streaks in the interspaces 
beyond the cell to near the subterminal line; a streak formed by 
black scales through middle of cell; a diffused black fascia on and 
above vein 1 to below origin of vein 2 and a short fascia below 
vein 2 below end of cell; a double pale red-brown subterminal line 
filled in with white, oblique towards apex, then minutely dentate 
to vein 3 where it is angled outwards; a series of black points 
before termen placed on a slight brownish line; cilia silvery white 
with a dark line at base. Hind wing white, tinged with red-brown 
except on basal and inner areas. Underside of fore wing and costal 
area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown. 

Ab. 1. Q. Fore wing with black fascia in the cell and the fascize 
on vein 1 and below vein 2 stronger. 

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nakutu (Bodeker), 2 5, 3 2 type. 
Exp., 3 30, 9 40 mm. 


(9a) Ancylolomia trrorata, sp. n. 


S$. Head and thorax whitish tinged with rufous and slightly 
irrorated with red-brown; abdomen white, dorsally tinged with 
rufous towards base; antennze with the branches brownish; pectus, 
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with rufous. 
Fore wing white largely tinged with rufous and irrorated with 
brown, the costal area with a golden gloss; traces of a dark streak 
in the cell; a slight fuscous discoidal point, point below origin of 
vein 2 and slight bar below end of cell; a series of black points 
just before termen. Hind wing glossy white with a series of slight 
dark terminal points to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing 
and costal area of hind wing suffused with rufous. 

Hab. 8S. Niaerta, Lagos (Boag), 2 d type. Hap, 22 mm. 


° 


Pyralide: of the Subfamily Crambine. 147 


(9h) Ancylolomia holochrea, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax ochreous; abdomen, pectus, and legs 
ochreous white. Fore wing ochreous, the costal areaj tinged with 
rufous, the rest of wing irrorated with red-brown, less strongly 
below the cell on basal half; a terminal series of black points. 
Hind wing nearly pure white. 

Hab. S. Nieerta, Warri (Roth, Claydon), 1 3 type; N. Nr- 
Gerta, Zunguru (Simpson), 1d. Hap. 22-24 mm. 


Genus PROsMIXISs. 


: Type. 
Talis, Guen. Eur. Micr. Ind. Meth. p. 86 (1845), non descr.. quercella. 
Prosmixis, Zell. Linn. Ent. i. p. 270 (1846) ....cccceceecenseeees quercella. 
Hednota, Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 270...............085 bifractella, 
Arazates, Rag. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) viii. p. 281 (1888)...... pulcherrima. 


(7 a) Prosmixis radialis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax whitish tinged with ochreous yellow, the 
tegule at sides and patagia ochreous yellow; abdomen silvery white 
tinged with ochreous; pectus white; legs ochreous yellow. Fore 
wing ochreous yellow; a silvery white streak below costa from base 
to near apex ; a silvery white streak on median nervure and streaks 
on veins 5, 3, 2 defined above and below by some black-brown 
scales; a silvery white line before termen from apex to vein 3; 
cilia silvery white with a pale fulvous line near base. Hind wing 
silvery white tinged with ochreous yellow, the cilia white with a 
pale fulvous line near base. Underside tinged with ochreous 
yellow, the costa more strongly. 

Hab. W. Avsrratia, Waroona (Berthond), 1dtype. Exp. 
30 mm. 


(22 ¢) Prosmixis discilunalis, sp. n. 


g. Head white, the antenne tinged with red-brown, the palpi 
tinged with red-brown and irrorated with black, white above; 
thorax red-brown mixed with white; abdomen white tinged with 
red-brown; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown. Fore 
wing white suffused with red-brown and irrorated with a few black 
scales especially in basal half of submedian fold, the inner and ter- 
minal areas white; traces of a sinuous whitish medial line from 
subcostal nervure to inner margin; a minute white discoidal lunule 
defined by some black scales; postmedial line double, brown filled 
in with white, excurved below costal, then oblique, some darker 
brown beyond it on costa; the termen red-brown with slight blackish 
points at the interspaces; cilia with a fine brown line near base. Hind 
wing white slightly tinged with red-brown, the termen deeper red- 
brown ; cilia white with a pale red-brown line near base. Underside 
of fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with red-brown, 
the terminal area of fore wing whitish except towards tornus. 

Hab. Vicrorta, Melbourne (Anderson), 1 3 type. Exp.22 mm. 


148 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 
(22d) Prosmixis plumbealis, sp. n. 


3. Head rufous, the antenne dark brown, the palpi red-brown ; 
thorax glossy red-brown; abdomen whitish suffused with red- 
brown ; pectus and legs rufous. Fore wing whitish suffused with 
reddish brown with a silvery leaden gloss and irrorated with black 
scales; an indistinct diffused oblique white antemedial line; a 
narrow white waved medial band defined on outer side by rufous 
followed by some blackish, a small black spot on its inner side at 
middle of cell and a small discoidal spot on its outer edge; a narrow 
white subterminal band with slightly waved edges, defined on inner 
side by rufous with some black scales before it except towards 
inner margin, slight marks formed by black scales on its outer 
edge at costa and below vein 6 with a rufous subapical patch be- 
tween them, the band slightly incurved below costa and excurved 
below vein 6; the termen white with some black points towards 
apex and points below veins 4 and 2. Hind wing white tinged 
with brown and with indistinct narrow white band before termen. 
Underside white tinged with brown, the apical area of fore wing 
whiter. 

Hab. MasHonatann (Dobbie), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 20 mm. 


(22e) Prosmixis albimaculalis, sp. n. 


9. Head and thorax rufous mixed with some white; abdomen 
white suffused with rufous except at base of dorsum; antennz 
blackish ringed with white; palpi brownish tinged with fuscous ; 
pectus and legs white tinged with brown. Fore wing whitish 
suffused with pale red-brown and sparsely irrorated with dark 
brown; a diffused white fascia in basal part of submedian fold ; 
rather ill-defined spots in middle of cell and beyond its extremity 
with a rufous patch between them and short black streak beyond 
them ; ill-defined white spots in submedian interspace below middle 
and end of cell with a rufous patch between them; postmedial line 
white, excurved beyond the cell, then sinuous; a terminal series of 
black points ; cilia silvery white with a brown line near base and 
the tips tinged with brown. Hind wing white slightly tinged with 
brown, the cilia pure white. Underside of fore wing and costal 
area of hind wing tinged with red-brown. 

Hab. Transvaat, Enkeld (Janse), 1 2 type. Hap. 24 mm. 


(23d) Prosmixis flavipars, sp. n. 


¢. Head and thorax black-brown, the outer part of patagia 
red-brown ; abdomen whitish mixed with brown ; antenne black ; 
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white mixed with red- 
brown. Fore wing red-brown mixed with some blackish, the costal 
area, the cell and area below it to just above vein 1 ochreous yellow 
with some rufous irroration at costa; a series of slight black marks 
in the interspaces just before termen; cilia dark brown mixed with 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 149 


white. Hind wing white suffused with brown. Underside white 
suffused with red-brown. 

Hab. MasHonatand, Salisbury (Marshall), 2 3 type. Exp. 
26-28 mm. 


(23 e) Prosmixis albofascialis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax whitish suffused with red-brown; abdomen 
white tinged with red-brown, the 2nd segment with a dorsal rufous 
band; antenne black; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown. 
Fore wing whitish suffused with red-brown ; a creamy white fascia 
in submedian interspace to below end of cell with a rufous streak 
below it on medial area ; some white in terminal half of cell with 
some rufous scales on it at middle of cell and a rufous discoidal 
bar; an indistinct whitish postmedial line, strongly excurved from 
costa to vein 3, then incurved and with a rufous mark before it below 
vein 2; some slight dark pomts on termen. Hind wing white 
tinged with red-brown, the inner half of hind wing whiter. 

Hab, Transvaat, Piet Reteif (Crawshay), 1 3 type. Exp. 
30 mm. 


(264) Prosmixis molybdella, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish white suffused with pale 
reddish brown ; head above and Ist segment of abdomen whiter. 
Fore wing ochreous white, the basal area with obscure fuscous 
streaks in and below the cell and a dark brown streak above vein 1 ; 
a medial brown line produced to very long points on costa, in and 
below the cell and to a shorter point on vein 1, the area beyond it 
suffused with leaden grey except towards costa and with some white 
in submedian fold; a double brown subterminal line filled in with 
ochreous, strongly dentate inwards below costa then with dentitions 
which increase in length to vein 2; the terminal area with some 
white scales; slight brown points ona fine terminal ochreous line. 
Hind wing yellowish white with a fuscous tinge; cilia pure white. 

Hab. Orance R. Cotony, Bloemfontein (Eckersley), 2 3, 
Kronstadt (Hekersley), 3 3d; Carpe Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F. 
Barrett), 1 3 type, Grahamstown, 1 9. xp. 26-30 mm. 


(266) Prosmizxis albiceps, sp. n. 


@. Head white with a few pale brown scales; thorax and abdo-. 
men brown mixed with whitish; antenne tinged with brown; 
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with 
brown. Fore wing reddish brown mixed with grey-white; blackish 
subbasa] streaks above and below vein 1; a dentate black medial 
line strongly angled outwards at discal and submedian folds and 
defined on inner side by white except towards costa; subterminal 
line white defined on each side by blackish, dentate, angled inwards 
at discal fold and above and below vein 8; a slightly waved dark 
brown terminal line; cilia white with dark lines near base and 


150 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


tips. Hind wing white tinged with brown; cilia white slightly 
tinged with brown at tips. Underside white suffused with brown 
except on apical area of fore wing. 

Hab. Care Cotony, Capetown, Table M. (Meade-Waldo), 19 
type. xp. 80 mm. 


(26 c) Prosmixis argentescens, sp. n. 


Head and thorax bright red-brown mixed with some whitish ; 
abdomen white tinged with red-brown, the 2nd segment with some 
fulvous on dorsum; antenne black ringed with white; palpi white 
at base and with some black at tips; pectus, legs, and ventral 
surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing 
bright red-brown mixed with some silvery whitish and slightly 
irrorated with black scales except on costal and terminal areas ; 
a faint blackish streak in end of cell and obscure red-brown 
discoidal spot defined by whitish; the veins beyond the cell with 
slight blackish streaks ; a faint whitish subterminal line excurved 
above and below middle; a series of black points before termen 
from below costa to vein 2; cilia silvery white tinged with red- 
brown. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown; cilia white 
with a pale red-brown line near base. Underside white tinged with 
red-brown. 

Hab. Transvaat, Lydenburg, 1 ¢; Cape Conony, Deelfontein 
(Hoggett), 1 2 type, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett),1 2. Hap. 
28-32 mm. 


(26d) Prosmixis albescens, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax white mixed with red-brown, the head 
whiter ; abdomen white tinged with red-brown ; palpi suffused with 
black except towards base; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of 
abdomen white irrorated with red-brown. Fore wing white more 
or less strongly mixed with red-brown and irrorated with black, 
the costal area whiter ; a small rather diffused black discoidal spot ; 
postmedial line indistinct, white defined on outer side by blackish, 
angled outwards to near termen at vein 6, then oblique to below 
vein 3, then bent inwards to vein 1 before middle and incurved to 
inner margin. Hind wing white slightly tinged with red-brown, 
the cilia almost pure white. Underside of fore wing white suffused 
-with red-brown, the terminal area whiter. 

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Crawshay, Anderson), 2 2 type. 
Exp. 34 mm. 


Genus CONOTALIS, nov. 

Type, C. aurantifascia. 

Proboscis nearly fully developed; palpi downcurved, extending 
about the length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi 
strongly dilated with scales; frons with rounded prominence; 
antenne of male typically strongly laminate. Fore wing with the 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Crambine. 151 


apex rounded, the termen evenly curved; veins 8 and 5 from near 
angle of cell; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 
stalked ; 10, 11 from cell, 11 usually anastomosing with 12. Hind 
wing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle ; 
6 obsolescent from well below upper angle ; 8 slightly anastomosing 
with 7. 

In key differs from Prosmixis in the frons having a rounded 
prominence. 


Sect, I, Antenne of male with rather long uniseriate branches, the apex 
ciliated. 


(1) Conotalis nigrisquamalis, sp. n. 


Head and thorax yellowish white tinged with rufous ; abdomen 
yellowish white. Fore wing yellowish white with golden streaks 
in the interspaces irrorated with large black scales; an almost 
straight erect bright orange line just before middle; cilia golden. 
Hind wing white tinged with brown. 

Hab. Transvaaut (Ross, Janse), 13,19, Lydenburg, 1 ¢; 
Natat, 2d; Cape Conony, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett),1 3 
type. Hep. 24-30 mm. 


Sect, II, Antennz of male laminate. 


(2) Conotalis aurantifascia. 
Charltona awrantifascia, Hmpsn. P. Z.S. 1895, p. 970. 
Gampia; SreRRA LEONE; Goip Coast; S. & N. Nigeria. 


(8) Conotalis nigroradians. 
Crambus nigroradians, Mab. Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 479. 


Congo; “ Germ. E. Arrica”; Br. C. Africa, 


Genus DIPLOPTALIS, nov. 
Type, D. metallescens. 


Proboscis aborted and slight; palpi downcurved, extending 
about the length of the head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi 
strongly dilated with scales at extremity; frons smooth and 
rounded; antenne of female ciliated. Fore wing with the 
apex rounded; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6 from 
below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell, 
11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 3 from just 
before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 obsolescent from below 
upper angle; 8 anastomosing slightly with 7. 

In key differs from Charltona in the fore wing having the apex 
rounded, vein 11 anastomosing with 12. 


152 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


Diploptalis metallescens, sp. n. 


2. Head and thorax golden brown with a silvery gloss; abdo- 
men white; pectus and legs white, the latter tinged with golden 
brown. Fore wing metallic golden brown largely glossed with 
greenish silver in the interspaces; a white fascia on costa, narrow- 
ing to base and apex; a white fascia in submedian fold to below 
end of cell and a white fascia in discal fold beyond the cell, ex- 
panding to termen; a slightly incurved golden line at end of cell, 
arising just below costa; an ocellate postmedial mark between 
veins 4 and 2 with two black pupils defined by chrome-yellow 
streaks which are connected on inner side; cilia silvery white with 
a golden tinge. Hind wing glossy white, the cilia silvery. Under- 
side white, the fore wing with the cell and area just beyond its 
upper extremity tinged with red-brown. 

Hab. N. Niaerta, Ilorin (Mac%e),1 2 type, Minna (Macfie), 
12. xp. 30 mm. 


Genus Canorauis, nov. 

Type, C. distictalis. 

Proboscis aborted and small; palpi downcurved, extending about 
three times length of head and thickly scaled; maxillary palpi 
strongly dilated with scales at extremity ; frons rounded, with tuft 
of scales above; antennz of male laminate. Fore wing with the 
apex produced and acute, the termen oblique; vein 3 from well 
before angle of cell; 5 from above angle; 6 from below upper 
angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 anastomosing with 12. 
- Hind wing with vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4, 5 
stalked; 6 obsolescent from below upper angle; 8 anastomosing 
with 7. 

In key differs from Gadira in the fore wing having vein 10 
stalked with 8, 9, and 11 anastomosing with 12. 


Cenotalis distictalis, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with rufous; palpi 
white, irrorated with black-brown. Fore wing white tinged with 
rufous and irrorated with dark brown; two obliquely placed black 
discoidal points; an indistinct oblique brownish line from costa 
before apex to vein 2 just beyond the cell; a fine black terminal 
line; cilia with a fine dark line at middle. Hind wing glossy 
white faintly tinged with ochreous. Underside white tinged with 
rufous, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing more strongly. 

Hab. N. Nigerta, Borgu, Yelwa L. (Mitgeod), 1 3,1 2 type. 
Exp., 3 22, 2 24 mm. 


Genus PRIONOTALIS, nov. 
Type, P. peracutella. 


Proboscis small; palpi downcurved, about three times length of 
head and fringed with hair below ; maxillary palpi strongly dilated 
with scales ; frons smooth and without tuft of hair; antennz of 


Pyralide of the Subfamily Crambine. 153, 


Female almost simple. Fore wing very long and narrow, the costa 
arched, the apex produced to an acute point, the termen very 
oblique; the cell long; vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 4, 5 
from angle; 6 from well below upper angle; 7 from just below 
the angle; 8,9 stalked; 10,11 from cell, 11 anastomosing with 12. 
Hind wing with the cell long; vein 3 from well before angle of 
cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7 slightly 
anastomosing with 8. 

In key differs from Charltona in the fore wing having the apex 
produced and acute, vein 11 anastomosing with 12. 


Prionotalis peracutella, sp. n. 


2. Head and thorax whitish tinged with pale pink ; abdomen 
white faintly tinged with red-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral! 
surface of abdomen white faintly tinged with red-brown. Fore 
wing whitish suffused with pale pink, the terminal half of costa 
deeper pink; a small dark brown spot below the cell near base, 
slight antemedial marks formed by dark scales below costa and 
cell, a similar medial bar below costa, spots below the cell 
and above vein 1, and spots in and beyond upper angle of cell; a 
double curved postmedial series of slight dark spots on the veins ; 
a terminal series of black points; cilia dark brown mixed with 
some whitish. Hind wing silvery white; the underside with the 
costal area slightly tinged with ochreous. 

Hab. Gouin Coast, Sekondi, 1 9; N. Nreerta, Zungeru (Simp- 
son), 1 9 type; Br. C. Arrica, Zomba (Rendall). Hxp.36 mm. 


(6a) Charltona rufalis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax whitish suffused with rufous; abdomen 
golden brown; palpi and legs golden brown, the fore legs darker. 
Fore wing brownish rufous mixed with whitish; a white streak in 
base of cell continued along median nervure and on bases of veins 
4, 3, defined by a dark brown streak below basal half of cell and a 
dark streak above from middle of cell; an ill-defined white spot 
at upper angle of cell and some diffused white above inner margin 
before middle; short blackish streaks in the interspaces at termen ; 
cilia with some whitish mixed. Hind wing dark glossy reddish 
brown, the cilia paler with a fine whitish line at base. Underside 
uniform dark glossy reddish brown. 

Q. Abdomen with the anal tuft fulvous yellow; fore wing paler 
rufous irrorated with elongate dark brown scales. 

Hab. Manpras, Nilgiris, Ouchterlony Valley (Andrewes), 2 3, 
3 2 type; Travancore, Trivandrum (Fergusson),1 2. Exp., 
3 40, 9-54 mm. 


(7a) Charitona endothermalis, sp. n. 


2. Head and thorax pale ochreous white mixed with red-brown; 
abdomen pale ochreous tinged with red-brown except at base ; palpi 
red-brown except above; legs suffused with red-brown. Fore wing 
ochreous white, the costal area slightly tinged with red-brown, the 


Ann. & Mag.-N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 12 


154 Mr. O. Thomas on 


inner area suffused with red-brown, sparsely irrorated with dark 
brown scales, some of the scales forming a slight diffused obliquely 
curved shade from discal fold beyond the cell to below middle of 
cell; a terminal series of black points from apex to submedian fold. 
Hind wing creamy white suffused with reddish brown except at 
base and inner margin ; a slight brown terminal line to submedian 
fold; cilia creamy white. Underside creamy white tinged with 
red-brown, the fore wing with obscure white discoidal bar. 
Hab. Manras, Belgaum (Watson), 1 2 type. Hap. 44 mm. 


(8a) Charltona interstitalis, sp. n. 


2. Head golden yellow, the antenne black; thorax ochreous 
white with dorsal black streak and oblique streak across base of 
patagia ; abdomen pale yellow, tinged with brown except at base ; 
legs suffused with blackish. Fore wing ochreous white; a black 
streak on costa; a black fascia in discal fold from before middle of 
cell to termen, interrupted by a pale discoidal bar; a black fascia 
in submedian fold from base to below end of cell; a black fascia on 
inner margin from before middle to tornus; a subapical black spot 
on termen ; the terminal area with black fascie in the interspaces 
from below vein 7 to above 2, the fascia below vein 5 short and 
the one below 3 extending to below end of cell ; a small black spot 
at submedian fold on termen. Hind wing yellowish white suffused 
with reddish brown, the base, inner area, and a streak above median 
nervure paler ; a terminal series of blackish points to submedian 
fold; cilia pale. Underside yellowish white tinged with reddish 
brown. 

Hab. N. Nigeria, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2 type, Torin 
(Lugard),1 2. Hwp. 42 mm. 


[To be continued. | 


XXII.— Two new Rodents from Tartagal, Salta, 
NN. Argentina. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


BEFORE obtaining the series from Abrapampa and Casabindo, 
of which an account is given above, Sr. Budin tried collect- 
ing at Tartagal, in the comparatively lowland part of the 
Province of Salta. Conditions, however, were not very 
suitable for the work, while a plague of ants rendered 
trapping almost nugatory. Examples of the following species 
were however obtained, among them being a new tuco-tuco 
with the highly exceptional habit of living in thick forest 
instead of open country :— 


1. Hesperomys venustus, Thos. 


¢. 401. Tartagal, 600 m. 
“ Caught in woods,”—Z. B. 


Two new Rodents from Argentina. 155 


2. Akodon tartareus, sp. n. 
oie a9 9: 
‘« Caught in aravine onriver-bank. ‘Toes eaten by ants.”’— 
B 


A large vole-mouse of the varius group. 

Size very large, larger than in any of the genus except the 
Brazilian A. arviculoides and its allies. Fur long, soft, and 
fine, hairs of back 12-13 mm. in length. General colour 
above greyish buffy or clay-colour becoming more intense 
posteriorly, the rump more ochraceous tawny. Under surface 
slaty washed with pale pinkish cinnamon, not whitish as it 
is in varius. Chin with a white patch, as in other members 
of this group, but it is not very conspicuous, Hands and 
feet butty whitish. Tail long, finely scaled, dark brown 
above, dull buffy whitish below. : 

Skull larger than in A. varius, Nasals long, much pro- 
jected behind. Supraorbital edges sharply angular, though 
not beaded. Interparietal rather broad antero-posteriorly, 
short transversely. Palatal foramina reaching to the level of 
the front of the middle lamina of m!. Incisive angle 73°. 

Dimensions of the type :— 

Head and body 134 mm.; tail 94; hind foot 25; 
ear 19. 

Skull: greatest length 31°5 mm.; condylo-incisive length 
29°2; zygomatic breadth 16°6; nasals 12; interorbital 
breadth 5:2; breadth of brain-case 13°53; palatilar length 
13°5 ; palatine foramina 7°2 ; upper molar series (worn) 4°6, 

Hab. as above. 

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 19.7. 25.2. Original 
number 399. Collected 30th November, 1918. 

This fine Akodon may be distinguished from A. varius, its 
nearest ally, by its larger size and by the buffy or cinnamon 
wash on its under surface. 


3. Ctenomys sylvanus, sp. n. 


6. 395; 2. 396, 397, 398, 400, 402, 403. 
‘In sparse colonies in the woods on vegetable soil.”— 


A very dark-coloured species allied to C. budina. 

General colour above dull bistre-brown, very variable 
according to the extent to which the slaty bases of the hairs 
are hidden by their cinnamon-brown subterminal rings. In 
addition, partly or wholly plumbeous specimens are in the 
majority ; indeed, only one example, no. 397, is wholly free 
from plumbeism, the type having a median blackish area on 
the back. Under surface dark slaty washed with brownish 


156 On Two new Rodents from Argentina. 


cinnamon. Muzzle darker brown, but not definitely blackened. 
Area round ears dark slaty. Hands thinly haired, whitish ; 
feet almost naked, the few fine hairs white. ‘Tail practically 
naked, its minute hairs brownish white. 

Skull not distinguishable by any definite character from 
that of C. budini. A separate bone present at the front of 
the parietal in the only specimen in which this part has not 
been broken. Interparietal distinct, but small. Palate 
ending opposite the front edge of m?. Bulle about as in 
budint. 

Teeth as in budini, though the incisors may be slightly 
more opisthodont (angle, 100°-103°). 

Dimensions:of the type :— 

Head and body 200 mm.; tail 73; hind foot 34; 
ear 8. 

Skull: upper median length 44°5 * mm. ; condylo-incisive 
length 45*; gnathion to back of bulla 46°5*; zygomatic 
breadth 27; nasals 168-2; interorbital breadth 10:5 ; 
palatilar length 20; upper tooth-series. (crowns) 10:3; 
ereatest diameter of p* 4:2. 

Flub. as above. 

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 19. 7.25.4. Original 
number 396. Collected 20th November, 1918. 

The remarkable note made by Sr. Budin on the labels that 
this species is found in thick forest is confirmed by the 
following extract from one of his letters (translation) :—‘ In 
spite of having been ill I have secured some specimens of 
Tuco-tuco which certainly will interest you very much, and 
I believe are new. They are in general of a dark plumbeous 
colour, and the largest measures 200 mm. in length. I have 
been surprised to find these animals in the thickest woods, as 
I believed that Tuco-tucos only inhabited open country. 
They are very rare, besides being exceedingly shy and diffi- 
cult to trap, and it has given me great trouble to get this 
small series.”’ 

In spite of this great difference in habits, which is as great 
a surprise to me as it was to Sr. Budin, there is unexpectedly 
little essential difference between C. sylvanus and C. budint, 
the different colour and the more naked feet and tail being 
practically the only distinguishing points, the skulls being 
almost precisely similar. But as not one of the seven skulls 
has escaped damage in the trapping, more perfect skulls may 
in the future indicate some cranial difference not now 
perceptible. 


* These measurements were taken before the skull was separated for 
cleaning, it having been broken in half by the trap. 


THE ANNALS 
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
[NINTH SERLES.] 


No, 22, OCTOBER: 1919. 


XXIII.—Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris, 
Fab. (sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual 
Characters. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S. 


Tus paper is based upon astudy of the African and Asiatic 
species of Melyris, Zygia, and Pseudozygia belonging to the 
British Museum, the Hope Collection at Oxford, the Genoa 
Museum, and the Congo Museum at Tervueren, Belgium. 
The collections together possess upwards of 1000 specimens 
of these insects, representing not less than 80 species, 36 of 
which are here described as new. Melyris, in the wide sense, 
extends over the whole of Africa, and is abundantly repre- 
sented in the vicinity of the Great Lakes, the British Museum 
collection being particularly rich in material from these 
places. Numerous peculiar forms, too, inhabit Somaliland, 
Abyssinia, and the Cape Region. Kastward, in Arabia, 
Mesopotamia, and Syria, and northward, in Algeria, Tunis, 
and the Mediterranean Region, there are also a certain 
number of representatives. The small northern forms allied 
to M. granulata, F., are excluded from the present enumera- 
tion, the available material adding nothing to the account of 
them given by Schilsky in 1897. ‘The types of three species 
only were to be found in the British Museum—J, migra, F., 
and M, monticola and insularis,Gahan ; but amongst the ex- 
tensive material kindly lent me by Dr. Gestro and M. Schou- 
teden, there are many types or co-types of Reiche, Harold, 
Gorham, and Pic, so that a certain number of the species of 
these authors could be identified with certainty. he type 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv. 13 


158 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


of M. nigra, F., in the Banks collection at the British 
Museum, is a South-African insect, which has been wrongly 
identified by modern writers, mainly owing to Fabricius 
subsequently referring another species (from Tangier) to it. 
Amongst the large number of forms here enumerated *, no 
fewer than 18 are represented by females only in the material 
before me, the males being as a rule very much rarer: of 
one species, M/. incompleta, Fairm., upwards of 50 examples 
have been examined, all females. The genera Melyris, type 
M. viridis, F., from 8. Africa, Zygia, type Z. oblonga, F., from 
Syria, and Pseudozygia, type P. rubricollis, Pic, are treated 
as synonymous, no character of sufficient value having been 
detected by which to separate them. Melyris, it is true, has 
a peculiarly formed «deagus and long, loosely articulated 
antenne in ¢, and, if restricted to the forms possessing 
these characters, it would include two species only, both 
S. African. In that case the remainder, excluding those 
with a non-carinate prothorax, would have to be placed 
under Zygia, an arrangement followed by both Pic and 
Schilsky. Pseudozygia is based upon Somaliland forms with 
a very convex, red, non-carinate prothorax. M. granulata,F¥., 
and its allies, included by Schilsky under Melyris, require 
a distinctive subgeneric or group name, and Melyridella is 
here used for these insects, three of which are described in 
the present paper. ‘The American forms, all of small size, 
placed under Melyris by Leconte, have unarmed tarsal claws, 
non-costate elytra, &c., and they, again, require a separate 
generic name. The tarsal claws (described as simple by 
Lacordaire +) are toothed in all the Old World forms, the 
tooth varying in length and position according to the species, 
but no use can be made of this character in grouping the 
very numerous members of the genus. ‘I'he sexes are easily 
distinguished by the form of the terminal ventral segments 
of the abdomen, which are described by Baudi and Schilsky. 
In addition five Arabian or East-African species (including 
M. kiugi, Baudi) have the basal or second joint of the inter- 
mediate, or the basal joint of the posterior, tarsi produced 
into a spur or lobe in the males. The ¢ genital armature 
has been examined in a number of forms, but no very 
important differences have been detected in the general 


* M. marginicollis, Ancey (? =collaris, Fairm.), olivacea, Guér., steboldi, 
Gredl., semihirta, incostata, testacerpes, Fairm., limbata, Péring., rubripes, 
Luc., sinaila, obscuritarsts, rubrolimbata, atriceps, femoralis, and taborensis, 
Pic, reitteri, Heyd., and longicollis, Schilsky, have not been found or 
identified in the collections studied. 

+ Gen, Coléopt. iy. p. 407 (1857). 


ito) 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 15 


structure, except that the median lobe of the wedeagus of the 
S. African M. viridis and lazicornis is strongly toothed 
towards the tip, the tooth being altogether absent in all the 
other species dissected by myself. The females have the 
fifth ventral segment truncate at the apex, and the sixth so 
deeply sulcate down the middle as to appear cleft, this 
terminal segment (and the corresponding dorsal one) being 
almost invariably infuscate or black, even when the abdomen 
is testaceous. The males have the fifth ventral segment 
more or less hollowed or emarginate at the apex, the sixth 
smoother, notched at the tip, and usually hollowed or foveate 
on each side of the somewhat convex median portion, the 
sixth sometimes rufescent when the rest of the ventral 
surface of the abdomen is metallic or black. In some species 
the abdomen differs in colour in the two sexes, the base, 
apex, or median portion being infuscate in 9? , when the rest 
of the ventral surface is wholly testaceous in ¢. The 
colour of the metasternum (pectus) and legs has been used 
by various authors as a distinctive specific character in the 
present genus, and on the whole it seems to be fairly 
reliable. 


In arranging the African Melyris it has been found 
convenient to group them under various geographical areas, 
notwithstanding the fact that some of the species of wider 
distribution are not confined to the areas in question, there 
being a mixture of Eastern and Western forms in Uganda, 
Northern Rhodesia, and the Congo Region. 

According to the notes attached to various specimens 
captured by Dr. G. H. D. Carpenter, H.C. Dollman, and 
other collectors, these insects are mainly found upon flowers, 
especially of Acacia. 

The material examined belongs to the British Museum 
when the collector’s name only is quoted. 


Key to the Arrangement of the Species of Melyris, sensu lato. 


I. Prothoracic carine present. 
a. Antenne loosely articulated, long in d, joints 4-10 
triangular; prothoracic carinze abbreviated pos- 
teriorly ; median lobe of ¢ edeagus armed with a 
sharp, backwardly-directed triangular tooth towards 
apex beneath. [S. Africa] [Metynis, F.,s.str.] .. Nos. 1, 2. 
b. Antenne shorter and broader (except in Nos. 20 and 
43), strongly serrate or dentate ; median lobe of ¢ 
zedeagus without tooth *. 


* So far as ascertained in the species dissected. 
13* 


160 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


a. Ventral segments 3-5 of df without linear de- 

pressed areas. [Africa, generally] .....+...+.. Nos. 3-71. 
b'. Ventral segments 3-5 of ¢ with linear depressed 

areas. [Paleearctic and Asiatic] [Subgen. Zyera, 

TES) ARTE bhseast ays iinet es Fa hee the verre Nos. 72-75. 


If. Prothoracie carinee wanting, or, at most, indicated 
near anterior margin. 

a. Anterior margin of prothorax very prominent in the 
middle in front, the prothorax itself convex or 
gibbous: species larger and more robust, with the 
elytra metallic and the prothorax and under surface 
testaceous, [Somaliland] [Subgen. Psrupozyeta, 


Bic HNe beak Montel ate ne els Ri DIT iboats Claws Sink ate Nos. 76, 77. 
b. Anterior margin of prothorax not or but little extended 

in front, the prothorax itself moderately convex : 

species smaller and more depressed, black or 

metallic, exceptin M. fulvipennis. { Africa,generally, 

and Mediterannean Region*] [Subgen. MELyRI- 


PRL EAL) ) Bs; Bea APR aes ewe cere ote bes tewis te ..++ Nos. 78-80. 


Norz.—Species belonging to I, a, b, and a’ (Nos. 1-71) are 
tabulated under six geographical headings in the accom- 
panying text: S. Africa (Nos. 1-15), W. and W. Central 
Africa (Nos. 16-23), E. and E. Central Africa (Nos. 24-46), 
Somaliland (Nos. 47-55), Abyssinia (Nos. 56-64), and 
N. Africa, &c. (Nos. 65-71). 


MELyRIS, 
Melyris, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 58 (1775) (type M. viridis, F.). 
Zygia, Fabricius, loc. eit. p. 126 (type Z. oblonga, F.). 


Pseudozygia, Pie, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxix. p. 506 (1898) (type 
P. rubricollis, Pic). 


Section I. 
South African Forms. 


a. Antenne long and loosely articulated, at least in ¢. 
[ MmrLYRIs, 8. St.) sac ee car cries ess aye Ee poe Nos. 1, 2. 


1. Melyris viridis. 


Melyris viridis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 58 (1775); Oliy. Ent. ii. 21, p. 1, 
t. 1. fig. 1; Guér. Icon. Régne Anim. p. 50; Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. 
Fr. 1888, p. 174. 


g. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate ex- 
cavation in the middle, broadly arcuate-emarginate at apex, 
6 short, convex along the centre, angularly emarginate at 
tip; median lobe of edeagus broad, subangularly dilated 


* M. granulata, F., and its N. African and Asiatic allies are not enume- 
rated in this paper. 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 161 


towards apex, rapidly, obliquely narrowed and excavate 
ventrally thence to the pointed tip, the apical ventral portion 
with a strongly raised, prominent median keel terminating 
proximally in a backwardly-directed acute triangular tooth 
(figs. la, 6) ; tegmen feebly emarginate and fringed with 
long flavous hairs at tip. 


Fig. 1. 


Melyris viridis, F., 3. 


Hab. S. anv S,W. Arnica (Mus. Ovon., Mus. Genoa), 
Cape of Good Hope, Port Nolloth, and Damaraland (Mus. 
Brit.), Owampo (3 Schinz, sec. Fairmaire). 

The British Museum possesses a long series of M. viridis 
(3 2) from Cape Town, also four females from Port Nolloth 
and two males from Damaraland. This insect, the type of 
the genus Melyris, has the head small and rather elongate ; 
the antennal joints 4-10 triangular, 6-10 transverse, strongly 
so in 2 ; the tarsal claws feebly toothed at the middle (the 
tooth being so small that it seems to have been overlooked 
by Lacordaire) ; and the median lobe of the g edeagus 
furnished with a strong backwardly-directed tooth. The 
body is green, rarely blue, above and beneath, the legs 
included, pubescent, and not very shining ; the head and pro- 
thorax are closely, rather coarsely, umbilicate-punctate ; the 
lateral carina of the prothorax is sinuate, abbreviated pos- 
teriorly ; the elytra are feebly tricostate, the interspaces 
with about five rows of crowded coalescent punctures ; and 
the legs are more elongate than in M. abdominalis and its 
allies. ‘l'wo males have been dissected. 


2. Melyris laxteornis, sp. n. 


Oblong-oval, rather dull, green or bluish-green, the elytra 
and under surface sometimes sneous or xneo-cupreous, the 
antenne black with the basal joints more or less reddish :; 
finely pubescent ; the head and prothorax densely punctulate 


162 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


and reticulate. Head small, narrow; antenne (¢) long, 
the joints loosely articulate, 4-10 triangular, longer than 
broad, gradually decreasing in length, ( ?) shorter, joints 
6-10 broader than long. Prothorax transverse, explanate 
laterally, the sides rounded posteriorly and rapidly converging 
anteriorly, the lateral carina sinuate and not reaching the 
base, the disc feebly convex and shallowly canaliculate. 
Elytra wider than the prothorax, acuminate at tip; alu- 
taceous, sharply tricostate, the interspaces with from 3-5 
irregular rows of rather fine punctures, the lateral margins 
somewhat explanate, the inferior margin crenulate. Abdomen 
closely punctured, without long hairs at tip. Legs long ; 
tarsal claws with a small tooth at the middle. 

¢. Ventral segments 4 and 5 each with a deep, trans- 
verse, arcuate excavation in the centre, that on 4 small, 5 
broadly arcuate-emarginate at apex, 6 bi-impressed ; median 
lobe of zedeagus stout, lanciform, armed with an acute trian- 
gular tooth on the ventral aspect at some distance before 
the tip (figs. 2a, 6). 

Length 63-8, breadth 8-4 mm, (¢ ?.) 


Fig. 2. 


a. b. 
Melyris laxicornis, sp. n., do. 


Hab. S.W. Arrica, Namaqualand (C. H. B. Grant: 3 9), 
Port Nolloth (ev coll. Fry: 3 2). 

Ten specimens, a ¢ from Namaqualand taken as the type. 
Closely related to the 8S. African MV. viridis, F., but much 
smaller; the antennz elongated and loosely articulated, and 
the median lobe of the edeagus differently shaped, in ¢ ; the 
elytra sharply costate and more finely punctate. The colour 
is variable. MJ. laxicornis cannot be identified with any 
of the Melyris from Caffraria described by Boheman. A 3 
from each locality has been dissected. 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris, 163 


6, Antenne shorter, strongly serrate. 
a, Species small, black or metallic, above and beneath, 
elytral margins red in M. rufoman GUE D es « a, 65 ot or Nos. 3-15. 
b'. Species larger and more robust, metallic above, the 
legs in part and abdomen rufescent, the meta- 
sternum PEGUINC CSCI. sad nad de esa tees dae one Nos. 14, 15. 


3. Melyris ite 


Melyris miger, Fabr. Spec. Ins. i. p. 67 (1781)*; Ent. Syst. i, p. 226 
(1792) ?; Syst. Eleuth.i. p. 311 PiSOLY °, Oliv. Ent. ii: 21, p. 5, t. 1. 
figs. 3a, bs (nec M. nigra, Schilsky, Kaf. Europ. XXXiyv. no. 97, 1897). 

Melyri ts nigrita, Gory, in litt. (in Mus. Brit. and Mus. Oxon.). 


Oblong, opaque above, moderately shining beneath, nigro- 
piceous or black, the basal joints of the antenne slightly 
rufescent ; thickly clothed with rather stiff blackish pub- 
escence, which forms a conspicuous close fringe along the 
margins of the body, the abdomen also with long black hairs 
at the tip; the head and prothorax densely punctulate and 
reticulate. Head short, rather broad, the eyes convex ; 
antenne short. Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowed 
anteriorly, obsoletely canaliculate, the lateral carina feebly 
sinuate. Elytra moderately long, at the base very little 
broader than the prothorax, slightly widened posteriorly and 
rounded at the apex ; sharply tricostate to near the tip, the 
interspaces coarsely and regularly triseriate-punctate, the 
inferior apical margin sharply crenulate. Beneath alu- 
taceous, sparsely, minutely punctate. Legs slender ; tarsal 
claws sharply toothed near the base. 

3. Ventral segment 5 transversely excavate in the middle, 
broadly emarginate at tip, 6 smoother, unimpressed, notched 
at apex. 

9. Ventral segment 6 deeply sulcate down the middle. 

Length 4-54, breadth 2-24 mm. (¢ 2.) 

Hab. Sourn Arrica, Cape of Good Hope (Mus. Brit., 
Mus. Oxon.), Table Mountain (W. Bevins: § 2), Cape 
Town (G. A. K. Marshall). 

The type (?) of this species in the Banksian collection 
(preserved in the British Museum) has been carefully 
cleaned, and it proves to be a S. African insect (as is also 
M. viridis, F.), which can be exactly matched in a series of 
eight examples from the Cape. [Fabricius in his earlier 
papers ** gave no locality for MW. nigra, but in 1801° he added 
“anger,” obviously in error. Schilsky’s M. nigra= 
granulata, F. 


164 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


- 


4. Melyris rufomarginata, sp. n. 
Melyris rufomarginata, De}. Cat., 3rd edit. p. 125 (1836) *. 


Moderately elongate, depressed, opaque; piceous or nigro- 
piceous, the outer margins of the elytra testaceous or rufo- 
testaceous, the pallid coloration sometimes extending inward 
over the humeral callosities and forward fora short distance 
along the suture at the apex ; somewhat thickly clothed with 
short, bristly, fuscous hairs, which form a conspicuous ciliate 
margin along the sides of the body, the abdomen also with 
a few long hairs at the tip ; the head and prothorax closely 
punctulate and reticulate. Head small, short; antenne short, 
the outer joints moderately widened. Prothorax strongly 
transverse, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, canaliculate, the 
lateral carina sharp and almost straight, reaching the base 
at some distance from the hind angles, the margins finely 
crenulate. Elytra moderately long, wider than the pro- 
thorax; feebly tricostate, the interspaces rather finely tri- 
or quadri-seriate-punctate, the lateral and apical margins 
narrowly explanate, the inferior margin conspicuously crenu- 
late. Legs short, rather slender ; tarsal claws comparatively 
short, toothed near the base. 

g. Ventral segment 5 broadly, feebly arcuate-emarginate, 
6 almost smooth, notched at the tip. 

2. Ventral segment 6 deeply sulcate down the middle. 

Length 33-5, breadth 14-2 mm. (¢ ?.) 

Hab. S. Avarca (Mus. Br it., Dr. Andrew Smith), Grahams- 
town, Cape of Good Hope * (2 coll. Fry), Enon, Algoa Bay 
(J. S. Duncan, 1835, in Mus. Oxon.). 

Nine specimens, including one @. Apparently un- 
described, though examples of it had been received by the 
British Museum in 1844 and 1848. <A small, depressed, 
opaque, nigro-piceous, hirsute insect, with pallid margins to 
the elytra, closely related to the unicolorous MM. nigra, F., 
which has coar sely triseriate-punctate elytral interspaces and 
sharper coste. JM. limbata , Péringuey (1885), from Knysna, 
Cape Colony, is a shining, metallic, convex form not repre- 
sented in the collections before me. 


5. Melyris pubescens. 
? Melyris pubescens, Oliv. Ent. ii. 21, p. 5, t. 1. figs. 5 a, 5 b. 


Moderately elongate, green or bluish-green, the tarsi and 
antennve infuscate or black; dull above, more shining beneath, 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 165 


somewhat thickly clothed with adpressed whitish. pubescence, 
which is condensed into lines along the prothoracic and 
elytral ridges, and also tends to form a ciliate posterior 
margin to the ventral segments in each sex, the abdomen 
also with long hairs at.the tip; the head and prothorax 
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head and antennz short. 
Prothorax transverse, gradually, arcuately narrowed an- 
teriorly, suleate, the lateral carina almost straight, the 
margins obsoletely crenulate. Elytra much wider than the 
prothorax, moderately long, sharply tricostate, the interspaces 
feebly transversely wrinkled and rather coarsely triseriate- 
punctate. Legs slender ; tarsal claws toothed beyond the 
middle. 

3. Ventral segments 5 and 6 broadly arcuate-emarginate 
at apex, 6 grooved down the middle. 

Length 43-7, breadth 2-3 mm. (3 ?.) 

Hab. 8S. Arrica (Dr. Andrew Smith, in Mus. Brit. : 1844), 
Cape of Good Hope (Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxvon.), Enon, Algoa 
Bay (J. S. Duncan, 1835, in Mus. Oxon.). 

The above description is taken from four specimens (1, 
3 2 2) agreeing with Olivier’s figure ; those in the Oxford 
Museum (2 2) are more or less injured or discoloured. 
The type was from the cabinet of M. Lee, no locality being 
given for the insect. It is the only S. African form to which 
the name pubescens could be satisfactorily appled. The 
metallic colour and whitish vestiture separate the present 
species from the nearly allied MW. nigra, F. ‘The largest 
female in the British Museum is labelled céliatus, Oliv. 


6. Melyris lineata. 


Melyris lineatus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. i. p. 226 (1792)'; Boh. Ins. Caffr. 
i. 2, p. 482 (1851) ? (nec Oliv. Ent. ii. 21, p. 7, t. 1. fig. 6 *). 

? Melyris ciiatus, Oliv, Ent. ii. 26, p. 6, t. 2. figs. 11 a, 6%; Dixey and 
Longstaff, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 874+. 

** Oblongo-ovata, convexa, viridi-zenea, parum nitida, fusco-sericea ; 
antennis nigris basi ferrugineis; capite prothoraceque subtiliter 
sat crebre reticulatis, hoe utrinque longitudinaliter carinato, 
medio levitér canaliculato, basi truncato; elytris sexcostatis, 
interstitiis profunde triseriatim punctatis, costis ante apicem 
desinentibus.—Long. 5, lat. 2 millim.”’ [ Boheman. | 


Hab. 8. Arrica (Mus. Oxvon.), Grahamstown (ez coll. Fry, 
in Mus. Brit.), Buffalo River, E, London* (Dr. G. B. Longstaj’, 
in Mus. Oxon. : 28. 1x. 1905) ; “ Caffraria meridionali”?? (sec. 
Boheman). 


* = Astylus (Anobium) lineatus, F., Syst. Ent. p. 62 (1775), from Brazil. 


166 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


Nine females from 8S. Africa—four in the British Museum 
and five at Oxford—are probably referable to M. lineata. 
Fabricius’ gave no locality for it, simply “ Dom. Lee” ; 
and whether Boheman saw the type is doubtful, the last- 
mentioned author redescribing M. lineata in his list of 
Caffrarian beetles. It is highly improbable that both 
M. ciliata and pubescens, Oliv., are synonymous with 
M. lineata, as quoted in the ‘ Munich Catalogue’; the 
crude figure of M. ciliata, however, agrees with the blue 
form of the present species. The legs are rather slender 
and the tarsal claws toothed slightly beyond the middle, as 
in the allied S. African forms. The insect from Cape Colony 
named M. lineata, F., var. atriceps, by Pie (1900), which is 
said to be rufo-testaceous above and darker beneath, with 
the head black and the legs testaceous, can scarcely belong 
here, unless it is represented by an extremely immature 
example. 


7. Melyris aurescens, sp. Nn. 


&. Moderately elongate, convex, robust, shining, finely 
pubescent; green, the elytra golden-green, the legs, labrum, 
and antenne nigro-piceous; the abdomen fringed with long 
black hairs at the tip; the head and prothorax densely 
punctulate and finely reticulate. Head and antenne short. 
Prothorax strongly transverse, as broad at the base as the 
elytra, rounded at the sides, narrowed anteriorly, canali- 
culate, the lateral carina not prominent and becoming 
evanescent before the base. LElytra moderately long, sub- 
parallel, sharply tricostate, the interspaces coarsely tri- 
seriate-punctate, the inferior apical margin crenulate. Legs 
stout ; tarsal claws with a long curved tooth at about the 
middle. Ventral segment 5 emarginate, 6 short, smoother 
than 5. 

Length 54, breadth 24 mm. 

Hab. S.E. Arrica, Londiani (ex coll. EL. A. Elliott). 

Two males, recently presented to the Museum by 
Mr. Elliott. These specimens were at first referred to 
M. lineata, F., the g of which is unknown to me; but 
this cannot be the case, M. aurescens being more robust, 
and having a relatively broader prothorax, with basally 
evanescent carina, and more sharply toothed tarsal claws. 


8. Melyris ciliativentris, sp. u. 
? Melyris ciliatus, Oliy. Ent. ii. 21, p. 6, t. 2. figs. 11 a, d. 
Oblong, somewhat depressed, very finely pubescent, rather 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 167 


dull above, more shining beneath, the abdomen fringed with 
long blackish hairs at the tip; blue, bluish-green, or green, the 
basal one or two joints of the antenna: sometimes reddish 
beneath, the rest of the antenne and the legs black, the femora 
and tibiz with a greenish lustre; the head and prothorax 
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head short, rather small ; 
antenne short in both sexes. Prothorax transverse, canalicu- 
late, the margins feebly crenulate and gradually arcuately con- 
verging from near the base forward, the lateral carina running 
almost parallel with the outer margin and reaching the base 
at some distance from the obtuse hind angles. Elytra 
moderately long, slightly dilated along the outer and apical 
margins, which are finely crenulate beneath; sharply tri- 
costate to near the tip, the interspaces coarsely, regularly 
triseriate-punctate. Legs slender; tarsal claws moderately 
long, toothed at about the middle. 

3. Ventral segments 2-5 densely fringed with whitish 
hairs along their apical margin, 5 transversely depressed 
and almost bare in the middle, and slightly hollowed at the 
apex; 6 broadly, very deeply emarginate, appearing bilobed ; 
terminal dorsal segment (pygidium) deeply sulcate. 

?. Ventral segments sparsely, uniformly pubescent, 6 
cleft. 

Length 4-5, breadth 1,%-2} mm. (¢ 9. 

Hab. S. Arrica, Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope 
(W. Bevins), Uitenhage (Mus. Oxon.). 

The above description is taken from a series of seven 
males and two females from Table Mountain, received by 
the British Museum in 1906,a ¢ from Uitenhage, and a 
pair without locality in the Hope Museum at Oxford. The 
last-named are labelled “ lineata,’ and were purchased at 
the sale of the Entomological Society’s collection. Olivier’s 
type of M. ciliata is probably lost, and Boheman does not 
allude to it in his description of the Fabrician lineata. The 
present species is remarkable amongst its allies by the ciliate 
ventral segments of the male. 


9. Melyris capensis, sp. u. 


Moderately elongate, rather depressed, opaque above, 
somewhat shining beneath, green or bluish-green, the tarsi 
and antenne black ; sparsely clothed with extremely fine 
cinereous pubescence, which tends to form lines along the 
faintly crenulate elytral coste, the abdomen fringed with 
blackish hairs at the tip; the head and prothorax densely 
punctulate and feebly reticulate. Head and antennz short. 


168 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


Prothorax transverse, gradually, arcuately narrowed from 
near the base, shallowly canaliculate, the lateral carina nearly 
straight, the sides slightly expanded. Elytra moderately 
long, at the base about as broad as the prothorax, widened 
posteriorly, narrowly explanate at the sides and apex; 
sharply tricostate, the interspaces alutaceous, and coarsely, 
regularly triseriate-punctate, the inferior apical margin 
crenulate. Legs slender; tarsal claws moderately long, 
toothed at about the middle. 

g. Ventral segments 5 and 6 broadly arcuate-emarginate 
at the apex, 5 transversely excavate and 6 convex, in the 
centre. 

Length 43-53, breadth 1-24 mm. (3 ?.) 

Hab. 8. Arnica, Cape of Good Hope (Mus. Brit., Mus. 
Oxon.). 

Described from two specimens of each sex sent me many 
years ago from the “ Cape” and an imperfect example in 
the Oxford Museum. Near M. ciliativentris, the upper 
surface opaque, the ¢ wanting the whitish cilia on the 
ventral segments, the sixth not bifurcate. The more dis- 
tinetly expanded elytral margins and the less convex general 
shape separate M. capensis from M. pubescens, lineata, etc., 
and the non-granulate prothorax from M. violacea. 


10. Melyris violacea, sp. n. 


? Melyris violacea, Sturm, in Gemm. and Harold's Cat. Col, vi. 
p. 1719 (1869). 


Elongate, rather depressed, brilliant blue or violaceous 
above and beneath, the legs and antennez black, the joints 
2 and 3 of latter rufescent in one specimen; thickly clothed 
with short, curled, blackish hairs, which form a prominent 
imbricate fringe along the sides of the prothorax, the 
abdomen fringed with long black hairs at the tip. Head 
small, densely punctulate and reticulate, the eyes convex ; 
antenne short in ?, longer and more strongly serrate in @. 
Prothorax broader than long, ample, arcuately narrowing 
from tie obtuse hind angles, cbsoletely canaliculate, the 
lateral carina feebly developed; angulato-reticulate and 
conspicuously granulate. Elytra a little wider than the 
‘base of the prothorax, elongate, parallel, narrowly explanate 
-at the sides and apex, rounded at the tip ; sharply tricostate, 
the interspaces coarsely triseriate-punctate, the inferior 
apical margin crenulate. Beneath closely punctulate. Legs 
‘slender; tarsal claws moderately long, toothed at a little 
beyond the middle. 


African and Asiatie Species of Melyris. 169 


do. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate exca- 
vation in the middle, and also deeply arcuate-emarginate at 
apex, 6 short, almost smooth, subcarinate down the centre, 
notched at tip; tegmen fringed with a few rather long 
pallid hairs; median lobe of «edeagus gradually narrowed, 
blunt at apex. 

Length 5!-62, breadth 23-2 mm. (¢ 2.) 

Hab. 8. Arrica (Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxon.), Table Mountain, 
Cape of Good Hope (W. Bevins). 

Thirty specimens, including thirteen sent by Mr. Bevins 
to the British Museum in 1906. Recognizable amongst its 
S. African allies by the elongate shape, the brilliant blue or 
violaceous colour, the rather coarsely granulate, angulato- 
reticulate sculpture of the prothorax, and the explanate 
elytral margins. This insect may or may not be referable to 
M. violacea, Sturm, from the Cape of Good Hope, given 
as a synonym of M. lineata, F., in the ‘ Munich Catalogue’ ; 
but the MS. name can quite well be used for it. 


ll. Melyris letula, sp. n. 


Moderately elongate, rather broad, somewhat depressed, 
slightly shining above, brilliant beneath, somewhat thickly 
clothed with adpressed yellowish pubescence; brassy or 
golden, with faint greenish or cupreous tinges in certain 
lights, the antenne and tarsi black; the abdomen fringed 
with long blackish hairs at the tip ; the head and prothorax 
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head and antenne 
short. Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowed from near 
the base, sulcate, the lateral carina almost straight, the 
margins slightly expanded and obsoletely crenulate. Elytra 
at the base slightly broader than the prothorax, widened 
posteriorly, distinctly explanate at the sides and apex ; 
sharply tricostate, the interspaces alutaceous, coarsely, regu- 
larly triseriate-punctate, the inferior margin crenulate. 

3. Ventral segment 5 subtruncate at the apex, and 
deeply transversely excavate in the middle; 6 very deeply 
arcuate-emarginate, appearing bilobed. 

Length 4—43, breadth 2-2} mm. 

Hab. 8S. Arrica, Natal (Mus. Brit.). 

One pair, acquired in 1840, the ¢ labelled “/etula, n. sp., 
Natal.” This insect looks like a brassy variety of M. capensis 
(M. sulcicollis, Boh., varying in this way in colour), but 
differs from that insect in the longer pubescence, and the 
more deeply emarginate sixth ventral segment in ¢, 
M. letula in this respect approaching M. ciliativentris. 


170 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


12. Melyris natalensis. 
Melyris natalensis, Boh. Ins. Caffr. i. 2, p. 480 (1851). 


3. Ventral segments 5 and 6 as in M. sulcicollis, Boh. 

Hab. S. Arrica, Natal (type of Boheman), Ulundi 
Drakensburg (G. 4. K. Marshall), Transvaal (Mus. Brit.), 
Wakkerstroom, alt. 5700-6500 ft. (R. Crawshay). 

About a dozen specimens in the British Museum from 
the above-quoted localities seem to be referable to M. nata- 
lensis, which is said to have the elytral interspaces somewhat 
regularly triseriate-punctate, the puncturing being finer, 
closer, and more irregular in M. sulcicollis and not so coarse 
as in M. lineata. The general colour is blue or bluish green, 
and the legs are dark. The length varies from 4-64 mm. 


13. Melyris sulcicollis. 


Melyris interstitialis, De}. Cat., 3rd edit. p. 125 (1836). 

Melyris sulcicollis, Boh. Ins. Caffr. i. 2, p. 482 (1851). 

3. Ventral segment 5 broadly, shallowly, 6 deeply, 
arcuate-emarginate. 

Var. c, varipes, n.—Femora and tibie partly or wholly 
rufo-testaceous. [Transvaal. ] 

Hab. S. Arrica (Mus. Brit.), River Gariep (type of 
Boheman), Port Natal, Delagoa Bay, Natal (Mus. Brit.), 
Durban, Howick (J. P. Cregoe), Barberton (P. Rendall: 
var. 6 of Boheman), Orange River Colony (G. EH. H. B. 
Hamilton), Transvaal (H. Swale, A. Ross), Johannesburg 
(A. J. Cholmley, Mus. Brit.), Zoutpansberg (W.L. Distant), 
Pretoria (L. M. Bucknill). 

A very variable and abundant insect in Natal and the 
Transvaal, recognizable amongst the small allied S. African 
forms by the closely, irregularly, finely punctate elytral 
interspaces. ‘The colour may be green or greenish-eneous 
(type, Boh.), blue (var. a, Boh.), fusco-zneous (var. b, Boh.), 
or cupreous, and the femora and tibiz are sometimes wholly 
or in part testaceous (var. c, varipes). About eighty 
specimens are contained in the collections before me, nearly 
half of them belonging to the var. varipes, which is appa~ 
rently confined to the Transvaal; the var. b. is represented 
by 15 examples from Barberton, and the cupreous form by 
two females from Delagoa Bay. The genital armature of the 
red-legged form is similar to that of the black-legged type. 
The puncturing of the elytral interspaces is much closer in 
some examples than in others, specimens occurring that 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 171 


would be equally well placed under M. natalensis, of the 
same region, 


14. Melyris rufiventris. 
Melyris rufiventris, Boh. Ins. Caffr. 1. f. 2, p. 479 (1851). 


3. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate exca- 
vation in the middle, broadly arcuate-emarginate at tip, 
6 bi-impressed and triangularly emarginate, as is also the 
apex of the corresponding dorsal segment ; median lobe of 
zedeagus broad, pointed at tip. 

Hab. 8. anv8.E. Arrica (Mus. Brit.), Salisbury (G. A. K. 
Marshall), Bulawayo (Mus. Brit.), Zambesi (ex coll. Fry), 
Limpopo (Wahlberg, sec. Boheman). 

In the series of forty specimens of M. rufiventris before 
me, mostly from Salisbury, there are several males. This 
species has the abdomen (except at or below the base in 
some females, the terminal dorsal and ventral segments 
being always black in this sex), legs (the tips of the tarsi 
excepted), and about the basal half of the antenne rufo- 
testaceous ; the upper surface blue or bluish-green, thickly 
pubescent ; the prothorax moderately convex, with obtuse 
augles and a sharp lateral carina, the margins crenulate ; 
the metasternum green ; the tarsal claws long, and armed 
with a sharp tooth at about the middle; the tibiz fulvo- 
pubescent. The length varies from 6-9 mm. 


15. Melyris quinqueseriata, sp. un. 


?. Elongate, broad, moderately shining, green, the 
antennal joints 1-4 (except 1 in part), abdomen, femora 
(except at tip), trochanters, and anterior and intermediate 
coxze rufo-testaceous, the rest of the legs aud antennz black, 
the wings violaceous; above sparsely clothed with very 
short, decumbent, fuscous pubescence, the lower surface 
with longer hairs, those on the metasternum infuscate, the 
abdomen also with a few long blackish hairs at tip. Head 
short, rather broad, densely punctulate and reticulate ; 
antenne short. Prothorax broader than long, trapezoidal, 
the sides rounded anteriorly and sinuate behind, the hind 
angles slightly extended outwards, the Jateral carina sinuate 
and reaching the base at some distance above the latter, the 
base excavate on each side within the carina; densely punc- 
tulate and rather coarsely reticulate. Elytra long, much 
wider than the prothorax, subparallel ; tricostate, the inter- 
spaces with five rows of closely packed, moderately coarse 


\ 


172 Mr. G. ©. Champion on the 

punctures. Ventral segments closely, finely punctate, 
5 slightly depressed in the centre. Tarsal claws long, 
sharply toothed beyond the middle. 

Length 12, breadth 5 mm. 

Hab. 8.B. Arrica, Umfuli in §. Rhodesia (G. A. K. 
Marshall: ix. 1895). 

One female. Extremely like some of the examples of M. 
pallidiventris, Pic, from Itigi, but with five series of closely 
packed punctures on the intercostal spaces of the elytra. 
The legs are similarly coloured in the two forms, the black 
tibiz separating both of them from M. incompleta. The 
localities for M. pallidiventris and ML. quinqueseriala are so 
far distant that the insects from these places are scarcely 
likely to be conspecific. 


W. and W. Central African forms. 


a, Klytral interspaces seriato-punctate *. 
a’. Abdomen (except in No. 18) and legs red or partly red. Nos. 16-18. 
b'. Abdomen (except at tip) and legs metallic or infuscate. No. 19. 
ce’, Abdomen metallic, femora testaceous; elytra very 


coarsely punctured and antenne rather elongate .. No. 20. 
b. Elytral interspaces transversely plicate; abdomen red 
Or sed ae tip th eee ken een keene ee Nos, 21-23. 


16. Melyris congoensis, sp. n. 


Closely resembling M. pallidiventris, Pic (No. 34): ceeru- 
leous, violaceous, or green, the antennal joints 1-4, legs (the 
infuscate apices of the tarsi excepted), and abdomen (the 
terminal segment of 2 excepted) rufo-testaceous ; finely 
pubescent above, clothed with long pallid hairs beneath, the 
tip of the abdomen of ¢ fringed with long fulvous, and that of 

? with black, hairs. Elytra alittle more elongate, tricostate, 
the interspaces with 4-5 rows of closely-packed punctures. 

do. Metasternum along each side of the median channel 
and posterior trochanters thickly fulvo-villose ; ventral seg- 
ments 5 and 6 and median lobe of the sdeagus much as in 
M. pallidiventris. 

Length 103-138, breadth 41-5} mm. (¢ 2.) 

Hab. W. Crntrat Arrica, Congo region: Luiuabourg, 
Kasai, Hemptinne—St. Benoit (Mus. Congo Belge). 

Three males and six females from the Belgian Congo, 
differing in the above-mentioned particulars from M, pallidi- 
ventris, require a distinctive name. The long series of the 
allied forms before me show but little variation in the colour 
of the tibiz, the latter being rufo-testaceous in the present 


* Also transversely plicate in Nos. 17 and 19. 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 173 


insect, as in M,. rufiventris. The elytral sculpture is like 
that of W. quinqueseriata from 8. Rhodesia. The red abdo- 
men separates M. congoensis from M. nobilis, var. viridi- 
ventris, Pic, which is found in the same region. 


17. Melyris apicalis. 

? Melyris apicalis, Harold, Mittheil. Miinch, ent. Ver. ii. p. 106 (1878). 
“ Viridis vel cyaneo-viridis, pedibus et abdominis apice rufis. 

L. 7-5-9:5 mm.” 

Oblong, broad, convex, dull ; green or brassy green, the 
flattened elytral interspaces obscure cupreous in one example 
and the entire upper surface blue in another specimen ; the 
antennz in about their basal half, trochanters, femora, tibiz, 
and usually the outer and apical portions of the abdomen to 
a variable extent in both sexes, rufescent, the tarsi and the 
rest of the antenne infuscate or black ; fusco-pubescent 
above, the lower surface with long pallid hairs, the tip of 
the abdomen fringed with very long blackish hairs, the legs 
also closely set with short, bristly, blackish hairs ; the head 
and prothorax densely, minutely punctulate and feebly reti- 
culate. Head small, narrow, somewhat produced in front ; 
antennz-short. Prothorax strongly convex, transverse, 
arcuately narrowing from the base, obsoletely canaliculate, 
the hind angles obtuse, the lateral carina sharp and feebly 
sinuate. Elytra wider than the prothorax, moderately elon- 
gate; alutaceous, sharply tricostate, the interspaces irregu- 
larly, transversely plicate, and with four or five rows of fine 
punctures traceable between the rugz. Legs stout; tarsal 
claws with a long curved tooth at about the middle. 

3g. Ventral segment 5 transversely, arcuately depressed 
in the centre, broadly hollowed at apex, 6 bi-impressed, 
emarginate at tip, as is also the corresponding dorsal seg- 
ment; median lobe of edeagus broadly subtruncate at apex, 
as seen in profile, shortly pointed, as seen from the ventral 
aspect. 

Length 7-104, breadth 33-4? mm. (¢ 2.) 

Hab. W.anp W.Cenrrat Arrica: Inner Guinea, especially 
near Kabebe (Pogye and Hohmeyer: type); Congo Region— 
Stanley Falls and Pool (Mus. Oxon.: 3 3), Kitobola, 
Kisantu, Lemba (Mus. Conyo Belge) ; Angola—R. Alta 
Plana, Huilla, alt. 3800-5500 ft. (Welwitsch, in Mus. Brit.), 
Huilla (ex coll. Fry), Lepi, 380 kilom. from coast, alt. 
3500 ft. (EH. Robins). - 

Three specimens from the Stanley Falls or Pool, seven 
from other portions of the Congo Region, and seventeen 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 14 


174 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


from Angola, varying in size and colour, and including 
various males, are referred to the incompletely described 
M. apicalis, Harold, which is said to differ from M. rufi- 
ventris, Boh., in the colour of the abdomen, the last-named 
having the ventral segments wholly red in ¢ and infuscate 
at the base in 2. ‘The present insect is broader and more 
convex than Boheman’s species, the type of which was from 
Limpopo ; the head is narrower in front and subrostrate ; 
the prothorax is strongly convex (or even subgibbose) on 
the dise and more finely sculptured, and has the margins 
obsoletely crenulate ; the elytral interspaces are alutaceous, 
transversely plicate (much as in M. nigripes, Harold), and 
finely punctured ; and the tibie are closely fusco-setose. 
In one of the two females from the Stanley Falls the abdo- 
men is wholly infuscate. The Kisantu specimen is labelled 
M. apicalis, Harold, presumably named by Pie. 


18. Melyris denticulata, sp. un. 


@. Klongate, rather convex; the head and prothorax black, 
opaque, the elytraand undersurface shining, nigro-violaccous, 
the antennal joints 1-4, and the cox, femora, and tibiz, 
clear rufo-testaceous, the tarsi and the rest of the antennz 
black ; fusco- pubescent, the femora and tibiz with yellowish 
hairs, the apex of the abdomen fringed with long blackish 
haiis ; the head and prothorax deusely, minutely punctulate 
and reticulate. Head rather small, somewhat elongated 
basally, not produced in front ; antennze short, joimts 5-10 
somewhat loosely articulated, broadly, acutely triangular. 
Prothorax convex, a little broader than long, arcuately 
narrowing from near the base, feebly canaliculate, the lateral 
carina slightly sinuate, the hind angles obtuse, the margins 
finely denticulate. Elytra long, much broader than the 
prothorax, widened posteriorly, rounded at the apex; feebly 
tricostete, the broad interspaces with about five rows of 
rather fine punctures, the inferior apical margin crenulate. 
Ventral segment 5 excavate down the middle anteriorly. 
Tarsal claws sharply toothed beyond the middle. 

Length 71, breadth 3 mm. 

Hab. W. Arnica, Mossamedes in Angola (Welwitsch in 
Mus. Brit.). 

One specimen received by the Museum in 1876 with 
various examples of the insect here provisionally identified 
as M. apicalis, Harold, from which it is readily distinguished 
by the much narrower, black, opaque prothorax, with the 
lateral margins denticulate; the feebly tricostate elytra, with 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 175 


quinqueseriate-punctate, less rugose interspaces ; ; the more 
strongly serrate, loosely articulated joints of the antenne ; 

and the rather slender, less setose legs. ‘The present species 
resembles the Abyssinian M. fulvipes, Reiche, differing from 
it in the less closely articulated antennal joints, the « denti- 
enlate margins of the prothorax, and the more closely and 
finely punctured elytra, with the cost# moderately prominent. 


19. Melyris umbilicata, sp. u. 


d. Elongate, rather convex, shining, blue or green above, 
the basal joints of the antenne and the apex of the abdomen 
rufo-testaceous, the rest of the antenne and under surface, 
and legs, nigro-piceous or black ; somewhat thickly clothed 
with long, erect, blackish hairs, those along the outer 
margins of the elytra stiff and setiform, the apex of the 
abdomen fringed with a few long projecting hairs ; the head 
and prothorax rather coarsely umbilicate-punctate. Head 
short, rather broad, the eyes convex ; antenne short. Pro- 
thorax transvers e, convex, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, 
shallowly suleate, the hind angles obtuse, the lateral carina 
sharp, angulate at about the middle, the m: argims con- 
spicuously crenulate. Elytra wider than the prothorax, 
moderately long, subparallel ; narrowly and rather feebly 
tricostate, the interspaces coarsely triseriate-punctate, and 
also here and there transversely plicate, the inferior margin 
closely crenulate. Legs hairy; tarsal claws moderately 
long, sharply toothed at about the middle. Ventral seg- 
ment 5 arcuate-emarginate, without median depression, 
6 somewhat convex along the middle, emarginate at tip ; 
median lobe of edeagus broad, obliquely narrowed at apex, 
the triangular apical portion toothed on each side basally. 

Length 5-54, breadth 2-24 mm. 

Hob. W. Cenrrar Arrica, Zungeru (J. W. Scott-Macje : 
mie FOTO: type), Bantschi-Lokoja EE: M. Bucknill: 1908), 
both in N. Nigeria. 

Two males. This insect is of about the size of MW. parvula, 
but it is more nearly related to the much larger MW. nigripes, 
Harold, from which it differs in having the intercostal 
spaces on the elytra coarsely triseriate-punctate. From 
M. parvula the coarse sculpture, feebler elytral costz, and 
the dark hairy legs sufficiently distinguish the present 
species. The median lobe of the edeagus is peculiar! 
formed, 


1i* 


176 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


20. Melyris subcostata. 
Zygia subcostata, Pic, Rey. Zool. Afric. iii. p. 159 (1918). 


3. Ventral segment 5 subtruncate at tip, 6 rufo-testa- 
ceous, almost unimpressed, broadly shallowly arcuate- 
emarginate. 

Hab. W. Centrat Arrica, Bukama in the Congo Region 
(Dr. Bequaert, in Mus. Congo Belge). 

M. Schouteden has lent me the type, ¢, of this species. 
It has the elytra almost as coarsely punctate as in the 
EK. African M. sansibarica, Harold, the elytra themselves 
being more elongate in the present insect; the prothorax is 
thickly nigro-villose, and has a very feeble lateral carina ; 
the antenne (3) are longer and somewhat loosely articulate, 
joint 3 being elongate and nearly as long as 4 and 5 united, 
and 4-10 are triangular; and the abdomen is green. The 
tarsal claws are very long and armed with a long tooth. 
The peculiar antennal structure (suggestive of that of the 
S. African M. viridis and M. laxicornis) appears to have 
been overlooked by Pic, and the sex of the specimens described 
was not stated. 


21. Melyris abdominalis. 


Lagria abdominalis, Fabr. Mant. Ins. i. ee 3 (1787), 

Melyris abdominalis, Oliv. ent. ii. 21, p. 4, t. 1. fig. 7; Cast. Hist. Nat. 
Ins. Coléopt. i. p. 283. 

Cryptocephalus (Lagria) ventralis, Gmelin, ed. Linn. 1. 4, p. 1759. 


3. Ventral segment 5 broadly hollowed at apex ; 5 rufes- 
cent, almost smooth, deeply excavate on each side of the 
convex median portion, triangularly emarginate at tip, as 
is also the corresponding dorsal segment ; median lobe of 
eedeagus narrowed and somewhat pointed at tip; tegmen 
set with extremely long pallid hairs at apex. 

?. Ventral segment 6 cleft down the middle, black. 

Hab. W. anv Centrat Arrica, Senegal, Cameroons, Lagos, 
Nigeria, Gold Coast, Ashanti, Dahomey, &c.; Congo Region 
— Bambili-Limbala, Sassa, Uele, Banzyville, Buili-Lebo 
(Mus. Congo Belge) ; Ucanna, N. shore of L. Salisbury, Mt. 
Klgon (C. A. Wiggins, in Mus. Oxon.), Mazingo, Pajao [ Luz 
Country | (C. S. Betton: 28. xz. 1901: 3) 

A common species in the warmer parts of the West Coast 
of Africa, extending eastwards into Uganda, females pre- 
ponderating in the extensive series before me. A large, 
elongate, convex, nigro-pilose form, usually brilliant metallic 
blue or violaceous above, more rarely green, the legs black, 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 177 


the abdomen rufous or testaceous, except at the base, the 
sixth segment black in 2. The tarsal claws are armed with 
a long tooth near the base. The lateral margins of the pro- 
thorax and the inferior margins of the elytra are crenulate, 
and the elytra themselves are coarsely, irregularly, trans- 
versely plicate and tricostate. There are also specimens in 
the British Museum labelled “C. Bon. Spei” and “ Mada- 
gascar,” but no reliance can be placed on these localities. 
The length varies from 10-13 mm. Two males have been 
dissected. Olivier’s description appears to have been made 
from specimens in the British Museum, and, following 
Fabricius, he gives ‘‘ Ind. Or.” as the habitat. 


22. Melyris elongata. 
Zygia elongata, Pic, Le Naturaliste, 1897, p. 124. 


6. Antennal joints 5-10 each with a long, and 4 with a 
shorter, pilose ramus ; ventral segment 5 broadly hollowed 
at apex, 6 testaceous, convex in the middle and hollowed on 
each side of this, emarginate at tip. 

?. Antennal joints 4-10 strongly dentate ; ventral seg- 
ment 6 black, cleft. 

Hab. W. Arnica, Benué on the Niger (type of Pic), 
Gambia (Mus. Oxon.: 3 2). 

Several specimens in the Oxford Museum are referred to 
this species, both sexes of which would appear to have been 
seen by Pic (to judge from his description of the variation 
in colour of the apex of theabdomen). The antenne might 
be described as flabellate or ramose in g and broadly dentate 
in ?. The Gambia examples are extremely like the variable 
M. nigripes, and they have a similar transverse plication of 
the elytral interspaces; but the elytra are relatively narrower, 
the prothorax is strongly transverse, conspicuously suleate, 
aud coarsely umbilicate-punctate. The colour varies from 
violaceous to bluish green. 


23. Melyris bequaerti. 
Zygia bequaerti, Pic, Rey. Zool. Afric, iii. p. 158 (1915). 


Hab. W. ano Cuntrat Arrica, Kikandja, Sankisia, 
Belgian Congo (Dr. Bequaert: type), Lualaba River, alt. 
2500-4000 ft., and Kambove, Katanga, alt. 4000-5000 ft. 
ts. -A. Neave: tv..V., L907). 

A form of the variable WM. nigripes, Harold, with the basal 
joints of the antenne, the femora, and tibiz, and sometimes 
the tarsi also, and the abdomen in part or entirely, 


178 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


rufo-testaccous. About forty specimens (the sexes in almost 
equal numbers) were captured at Lualaba, and three others 
at Kambove, by Neave, the black-legged typical M. nigripes 
occurring sparingly with them at the same localities. The 
two insects have a similar genital armature, For convenience 
of reference, they are perhaps best treated as specifically 
distinct. One of the examples ( ? ) from Kikandja named by 
Pic has been lent me by M. Schouteden for examination. 


E. and E. Central African Forms *. 


a, Elytral interspaces transversely plicate ; abdomen usually 


in part red, at least in ¢, legs black t......... salt iat NOs eae. 
b, Elytral interspaces foveolate or very coarsely confluently 
punctate. 
a. Metasternum metallic femora and abdomen tes- 
LACEOUS jou icrs as a eye agivtgh ae gotars ROSE ac sin dein Beale: 6 ee ua Oa 


6', Metasternum, femora, and abdomen testaceous .... No. 27. 
cl, Metasternum, legs, and abdomen nigro-ceruleous or 


lack cris ers donee wees ier 5 Avaya eT 5 be ljushhre gt PUN OSE 
c. Hlytral interspaces seriately punctured ; metasternum 
metallic. 
d', Femora testaceous, the rest of the legs metallic or 
black, 
a. Abdomen metallie "ram. s i Scaled « Bae petit Nos, 29-338. 
6°. Abdomen testaceous.......... Brie inet te nama nants No. 34. 
e', Femora and tibie, and sometimes the tarsi also, 
testaceous, 
c?, Abdomen wholly or in part testaceous .......... Nos. 35, 36. 
@.,Apdomen metallies coils Spee eer emake Nos, 37-48. 


f'. Femoira, tibie, tarsi, and under surface metallic or 
black; elytra triseriate-punctate and, at most, feebly 
plate: (55°. 's\s she cin dhe GURU MRE hE AS A ogee ... Nos, 44-46, 


24. Melyris nigripes. 
Melyris nigripes, Harold, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 335°. 
Zygia viridipennis, Pic, Le Naturaliste, 1897, p. 124°. 
? Zygia subapicalis, Pic, L’Echange, xix. p. 179 (i903) °. 

é. Ventral segment 5 with a tra:sverse arcuate depression 
in the middle, feebly hollowed at apex, 6 almost level, 
angularly emarginate ; median lobe of wdeagus drawn out 
into a short curved point, obliquely truncate at tip as seen 
in profile. 

Var. Head and prothorax blue or green, the elytra brassy 
or cupreous, the terminal three or four ventral segments 


*® Including Northern Rhodesia, but excludiug the forms confined to 
Somaliland and Sokotra. Sixteen species were enumerated from I. Africa 
(including Somaliland) by Kolbe in 1898 (Deutsch Ost-Afrika, iv. 
pp. 221, 222), 

+ The E. African MW. nobilis, Gerst., and WM. nigripes, Harold, extend 
westward to the Congo Region. 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 179 


in g, and 4 and 5 in 9, rufo-testaceous, as in typical M. 
niyripes. (Kukuru River, Nyasaland, and Ft. Jameson, 
N.E. Rhodesia. ] 

Hab. 1. ann Crntrat Arrica?, Nyasa’ (Mus. Brit., 
Thelwall, Simons), Blantyre (Dr. J. E. S. Oid, Dr. J. B. 
Davey), Fort Johnston (Dr. W. A. Lamborn), Mombera 
District and Valley of S. Rukuru River, alt. 3000-4000 ft. 
(S. A. Neave: vi. 1910), between Ft. Mangoche and Chikala 
Boma, alt. 4000 ft. (S. A. Neave : iii. 1910), Mamboia (Mus. 
Brit.), Vabora® (G. Revoil, ex coll. Fry), Lualaba River, alt. 
2500-4000 ft., and Kambove, Katanga, alt. 4000-5000 ft. 
(S. A. Neave: iii. and vi. 1909); Belgian Conzo—Boma- 
Coquilhatville, Kasenga, Le Marinel, Shindensa (Mus. Congo 
Belge); Central and 8, Angoniland—Dedza District, alt. 
4000-5000 ft. (S. A. Neave: v. 1910), Tete to Ft. Jameson 
(S. A. Neave: 10. iii. 1904) ; N. Rhodesia—Fort Jameson 
to Lundazi, alt. 4000 ft., and Luwumbu Valley, Upper 
Luangwe, alt. 2500-3500 ft. (S. 4. Neave: vi., vii. 1910), 
Petauke to EK. Luangwe Valley (S. 4. Neave: iii, iv. 1905: 
Mus. Oxon.), Broken Hill (2. A. Copeman: xi. 1912—ii. 
1913), Namaiila near Namwala, and Mwengwa (H. C. Doll- 
man: 11. iv. 1913, and 1. ii. 1914). 

To judge from the large amount of material before me 
(300-409 specimens), this is by far the commonest species 
of the genus in Central Africa. It is recognizable by its 
elongate shape; the rather sparsely, transversely plicate, 
rugulose, strongly tricostate elytra, the inferior margins of 
which are crenulate; the moderately convex, transverse 
prothorax, with strongly crenulate margins ; and the black 
hairy legs. The colour of the abdomen is variable, the last 
three ventral segments being rufescent in typical ¢ nigripes, 
specimens of each sex occurring with the terminal segments 
wholly or in part metallic or black, the sixth ventral segment 
being invariably black in 2. Fresh examples are somewhat 
thickly clothed with long, erect, blackish hairs, which are 
easily abraded. In some parts of Nyasaland the form with 
brassy or coppery elytra is dominant; most of those from 
the Mombera District are uniformly green, while others 
from Fort Johnston and Blantyre are violaceous or blue, as 
in specimens labelled type, from Nyasa in the Genoa Museum. 
The tarsal claws have along tooth at about the middle. The 
length varies from 5-10 mm. Two males, from Mombera 
and Katanga, dissected show a similar genital armature to 
that of M. bequaerti and M. lemairei, Pic. The Central 
African M. virtdipennis, a specimen of which from the Congo 
named by its describer has been lent me by M. Schouteden, 


180 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


has a metallic or infuscate abdomen, with the sixth segment 
only red in g. M. subapicalis, Pic, type from Tabora, is 
said to have the fourth and fifth ventral segments red and 
the sixth black, characters peculiar to the female of M. 
nigripes. The range of the present species is roughly from 
the Great Lakes westw ard to near the mouth of the Congo. 


25. Melyris lemairei. 
Zygia lemairet, Pic, Ann, Soc, Ent. Belg. li. p. 311 (1908), 


Elongate, robust, convex, moderately shining, metallic blue 

green, the head and prothorax sometimes brassy in the 
green specimens ; legs and antennee black, jomts 1-3 of the 
latter (except 1 above) rufo-testaceous ; abdomen with from 
1-3 of the terminal segments wholly or in part rufous in ¢, 
the reddish coloration less extended or sometimes altogether 
wanting in @?, 6 always black in latter sex; somewhat 
thickly clothed with erect black hairs, the abdomen fringed 
with long black hairs at the tip, the legs also closely nigro- 
pilose; the head and prothorax densely punctulate and 
reticulate. Head short, rather broad ; antenne short. 
Prothorax transverse, convex, gibbous in well-developed 
specimens, arcuately narrowing from the obtuse hind angles, 
feebly canaliculate, the lateral cara angulate, the margins 
sharply crenulate. Elytra a little wider than the prothorax, 
subparallel; sharply tricostate, the interspaces closely, 
irregularly angulato-plicate, and with 38-5 rows of fine 
punctures traceable between the rugze, the inferior margin 
crenulate throughout. Beneath closely punctulate. Legs 
rather stout, roughly punctured. 

g. Ventral segment 5 with a deep transverse arcuate ex- 
cavation, subtruncate at apex, 6 hollowed down the middle 
and transver-ely so on each side posteriorly, triangularly 
emarginate at tip; median lobe of eedeagus much as in 
M. nigripes. 

Length 8-104, breadth 33-4 mm. (72 2.) 

Hab. Cuntrar and EH, Arrica, Tanganyika and Mayambé 
(types of Pic), Fwambo, Lake ‘Tanganyika (4. Carson: ¢ @ ), 
Kambove, Katanga, alt. 4000-5000 ft. (S. A. Neave: il. 
1907: ¢), Mwenewa in N. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: 11.-v. 

1914: 6 2), Kamfua (S. Neave, in Mus. Congo Belge), 
Elizabethville in the Congo region (Mus. Congo Belge: 8 @). 

This is a broad robust form of the variable M. nigripes, 
with closer and more irregular plication on the elytral inter- 
spaces, and the prothorax usually more convex, sometimes 
gibbous. One of the types (2) from Tanganyika has been 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 181 


lent me by M. Schouteden, and the above description has 
been taken from similar specimens from Fwambo and 
Mwengwa, those from Katanga and Kamfua being inter- 
mediate. The three forms of M. nigripes (nigripes, lemairei, 
and bequaerti) are imperfectly segregated in Katanga, while 
in Northern Rhodesia M. lemairei and M. nigripes seem to 
be constant. M. sieboldi, Gredl. (1877), type from Gondo- 
koro, a species not identified by Pic or myself, is apparently 
an allied insect with the head reddish in front. 


26. Melyris sansibarica. 
Melyris sanstbarica, Harold, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 334. 


3. Ventral segment 5 excavate down the middle, broadly 
arcuate-emarginate at apex, 6 polished, deeply bifoveate, 
angularly emarginate at tip. 

?. Ventral segment 5 unimpressed, 6 cleft, black. 

Hab. ¥. Arxica, Zanzibar, Kitui (Mus. Genoa). 

Dr. Gestro has lent me a pair of this remarkable insect, 
distinguishable by its robust build, moderately elongate, 
broad form, and the brilliant blue (or green) upper surface ; 
the elytra closely foveolato-punctate, and with the cost only 
just traceable; the femora (except at the tip) and abdomen 
(the terminal segment in 2 excepted), and the antennal 
joints 2-4, rufo-testaceous ; the metasternum bluish-black ; 
the tibize and tarsi black, the claws long, toothed towards the 
apex; the abdomen fringed with long blackish hairs at 
the tip in both sexes. MM. subcostata, Pic (1913), from the 
Belgian Congo, is a more elongate allied form, with the 
ventral segments metallic. 


27. Melyris flavopectus, sp. n. 


3d. Hlongate, broad, rather convex, sparsely pubescent, 
brilliant violaceous above, testaceous beneath (the propleura 
excepted); the basal four joimts of the antennz, and the 
femora to near the apex, also testaceous, the rest of these 
organs infuscate or black, the anterior tibie paler towards 
the tip; the head and prothorax coarsely, closely umbilicate- 
punctate. Head rather small, short; antenne short; pro- 
thorax convex, transversely subcampanulate, sulcate, the 
lateral carina sinuate and extending to the prominent hind 
angles. Elytra much wider than the prothorax, long ; 
coarsely, confluently seriato-foveolate, the three coste almost 
obsolete, but traceable when the insect is viewed in profile. 
Tarsal claws long, toothed near the apex. Ventral segments 


182 Mr. G. ©. Champion on the 


4 and 5 hollowed down the middle, 5 broadly areuate- 
emarginate at apex; 6 bifoveolate, convex in the centre, 
emarginate at tip; median lobe of edeagus (so far as 
visible) stout, pointed. Last dorsal segment fringed with 
long blackish hairs. 

Length 114, breadth 45 mm. 

Hab. KK. Arrica, Sancurar-Amarr (Botiego, in Mus. 
Genoa: 11. iv. 1896). 

One male, named M. sansibarica, Harold, by Pic, but 
differing from the corresponding sex of that species in the 
wholly ‘testaceous under surface (the propleura excepted), 
the more elongate elytra, and the coarser puncturing of the 
entire upper surface. In Harold’s species, type from Kitui, 
Zanzibar, the metasternum is black. 


28. Melyris foveolata, sp. 


Elongate, robust, convex, moderately shining; nigro- 
cyaneous or violaceous, sometimes greenish beneath, the 
antenne (the rufescent joints 1-4 excepted) and legs black ; 
thickly clothed with short, decumbent, the apex of the 
abdomen with long, black hairs; the head and prothorax 
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head short, rather broad ; 
antenne short. Prothorax a little broader than long, sub- 
conical, gradually narrowed from the base, canaliculate, the 
lateral carina sinuate, reaching the obtusely rectangular 
hind angles. Elytra long, much broader than the prothaca, 
a little widened posteriorly, rounded at the apex ; not or 
very feebly tricostate (the costa just traceable when the insect 
is viewed in profile), the interspaces closely, confluently, 
tri- or quadriseriately foveolato-punctate, the inferior 
apical margin crenulate. Ventral segments 1—5 closely pune- 
tulate. Tarsal claws long, sharply toothed towards apex. 

dg. Ventral segment 5 rather deeply emarginate, 6 broadly 
exposed, excavate on each side of the raised median portion ; 
median lobe of zdeagus stout, terminating m a short curved 
point, as seen in profile. 

Length 10-123, breadth 46mm. (¢ 2.) 

Hab. E. ann ieee Arrica, Mbali-Kumi road, alt. 
3700 ft., south of L. Salisbury (S. A. Neave: 15-17. vin. 1911: 
type ¢); Kadunguru, Eastern Province (C. C. Gowdey: 
1-10. i. 1914), Meighan (Gowdey: 17. xii. 1913), Bululu 
aud Peta (Gowdey: xii. 1910 andi. 1911), Palebek (W. P. 
Lowe: 24. 1.1913), ae Fatiko (4. Dabbene in Mus. Genoa: 
3 ¢), all in Uganda ; Wadelai (Amin Pasha). 

Fifteen specimens in the British Museum and sixteen in 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 183 


the Genoa Museum, the Fatiko series including numerous 
males. The Wadelai example (2) was preseuted to the 
Museum in 1887, those taken by Dabbene were captured in 
1882. This species has the elytra closely foveolato-punctate 
and obsoletely costate as in M. sansibarica, Harold, type 
from Kitui, near Zanzibar (a ¢ and 2 of which have been 
lent me by Dr. Gestro), differing from that insect in the wholly 
infuseate legs and under surface, and the narrower, sub- 
conical prothorax. MM. subcostata, Pic (1913), from Bukama, 
Belgian Congo, is an allied form with the cox, femora, and 
abdomen testaceous. 


29. Melyris alluaudi. 


Zygia alluaudi, Pic, Bull. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1905, p. 3057. 
Melyris monticola, Gahan, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xix. p. 204, t. 6. 
fic. 6 (1909) (2) 2. 

3. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate excava- 
tion in the middle and the apex deeply arcuate-emarginate, 
6 much smoother, feebly bi-impressed at tip ; median lobe of 
eedeagus curved downward and bluntly pointed at apex. 

?. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse depression or 
excavation in the middle, 6 cleft. 

Length 9-124, breadth 34-5 mm. 

Hab. KB. Arrica, Kilimandjaro’ (¢ype of Pic), Ruwenzori? 
(Legye and Wollaston: 1906), M’bagoris Village, edge of 
Kenya Forest, alt. 5.00 ft. (Mus. Brit.), S.E. slope of Kenya, 
alt. 6000-7000 {t. (S. A. Neave: 3-12. 11. 1911), Mt. Kenya ~ 
district? (Crawshay}, Matanda and Kagera in Uganda, and 
Ruancda (C. H. Marshall). 

Dr. Gestro has been kind enough to lend me a co-type (¢ ) 
of M. alluaudi, Pic, from Kilimandjaro, and this agrees well 
with the Kenya and: Ruwenzori insect named M. monticola 
by Gahan, of which there are eleven examples in all (inelud- 
ing three males) in the British Museum. Very like M. nobilis, 
Gerst., but with the tibiz green, the basal joint of the 
anteunee infuscate or black, the hind angles of the prothorax 
more obtuse (the sinuous lateral carina extending to the 
hind angle in each species), the punctures on the elytra 
a little smalier and more crowded, tending to form four or 
five series, the ventral segments green or golden green, the 
fifth transversely excavate in the middle in both sexes. The 
head is short, closely punctulate and reticulate throughout, 
and the reticulation of the prothorax is rather coarse. The 
colour varies from blue to green. M. mecklenburgi, Pic, 
from the same region, is a nearly allied form. 


184 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


30. Melyris mecklenburgi. 
2 Zygia mecklenburgi, Pic, Wiss. Ergebnisse Deutsch. Zentr. Afrika 
Exped. 1907-08, ii. Lfg. 11, p. 423 (1911). : 

Elongate, subparallel, narrow (3 ), broader ( ? ); the upper 
surface shining, green or bluish-green. The head, prothorax 
(at least along the sides), and scutellum more or less suffused 
with golden, golden-green, or cupreous, the lower surface 
brilhant golden, golden-green, or cupreous, the ventral 
segments 1-5 with an extensive cyaneous suffusion, and 6 
green and cupreous, in ¢; the antenne (the reddish portions 
of joints 1-4 excepted) and tarsi black, the tibiz metallic 
green, the femora (except at the tip), trochanters, and 
anterior cox testaceous, the wings blue; almost glabrous 
above, the abdomen with long blackish hairs at the tip. 
Head rather narrow, somewhat produced anteriorly, aluta- 
ceous, densely punctulate and reticulate at the base, smoother 
in front; antenne short. Prothorax broader than long, 
somewhat conical (as seen from above) ; densely punctulate 
and finely reticulate, grooved down the middle, the lateral 
carina sharp, moderately sinuate, and reaching the somewhat 
explanate, raised, rounded hind angles, the basal cavities 
almost smooth. Elytra long, parallel, much wider than the 
prothorax; sharply tricostate, the interspaces irregularly, 
transversely plicate, and with about four rows of not very 
coarse punctures. Beneath finely punctured; ventral seg- 
ment 5 depressed in the centre. ‘Tarsal claws long, toothed 
beyond the middle. 

3. Ventral segment 5 with a transverse arcuate exca- 
vation in the middle, deeply emarginate at apex, 6 almost 
smooth, feebly bi-impressed at tip; median lobe of edeagus 
drawn out into a blunt, downwardly curved point at apex. 

Length 94-10, breadth 83-14mm. (¢ ?.) 

Hab. ¥%. Arrica, Lake and Volcano of Kiwu, west of 
Ruwenzori (type of Pic), eastern foot of Aberdare, alt. 
8300 ft. (S. A. Neave: 1, 2. iti. 1911: 2), west slopes of 
Kenya on Meru-Nyeri Road, alt. 6000-8500 ft. (S. d. Neave : 
16-23. ii. 1911: 9), Escarpment Forest (T. J. Anderson: 
Cotitel O11 soi). 

The four specimens from which the above description is 
taken seem to be varieties of M. mecklenburgi, Pic, with the 
prothorax more or less golden, at least at the sides, and the 
under surface very brilliant, especially in ¢; but Pic does 
not mention the somewhat produced, smoother anterior 
portion of the head. Compared with his J/. al/waudi (=mon- 
ticola, Gahan), the prothorax is more rapidly narrowed 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 185 


anteriorly, with the hind angles rounded and somewhat 
raised, and the surface sculpture finer, and the head longer 
and smoother. 


31. Melyris masaiensis, sp. n. 

?. Elongate, subparallel, the upper surface opaque, ceru- 
leous, the lower surface brilliant metallic green; the 
antennz (except the rufescent portions of joints 1-4) and 
tarsi, aud the tips of the femora, black, the tibiew green, 
the rest of the femora, the trochanters, and anterior cox 
testaceous, the wings bluish; sparsely pubescent, the apex of 
the abdomen with long blackish hairs. Head rather narrow, 
somewhat elongated anteriorly, alutaceous, and densely 
punctulate and reticulate, smoother in front ; antennz short. 
Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowing ‘from the base ; 
densely punctulate and reticulate, the median channel shallow, 
the lateral carina sharp, sinuate, reaching the obtuse hind 
angles. Elytra long, subparallel, much wider than the 
prothorax ; alutaceous, tricostate, the interspaces with 4—5 
rows of rather fine punctures. Beneath closely, finely pune- 
tate; ventral segment 5 transversely excavate in the middle, 
6 cleft. Tarsal claws long, toothed beyond the middle. 

Length 10-104, breadth 33-43 mm. 

Hab. EB. Arnica, Keborr Forest, alt. 6000 ft., and Narok, 
both in the Masai Reserve (Capt. A. O. Luckman: 23-30. i. 
1914). 

Two females. A form of M. alluaudi, Pic (=monticola, 
Gahan), with a less rugose head and prothorax, the head a 
little narrower, and the upper surface of the body less 
shining. The ‘black tibize and the less rugose prothorax, 
with obtuse hind angles, separate M. masaiensis from 


M. nobilis, Gerst. 


32. Melyris luckmani, sp. un. 


Elongate, subparallel, rather convex ; the upper surface 
opaque, green, the lower surface shining, greefi or bluish- 
green ; the antenne (except the rufescent portions of joints 
1-4) and tarsi, and the extreme apices of the femora, black, 
the tibize green, the rest of the legs testaceous or flavescent, 
the tibiz usually green on their outer edge, the wings blue: 
finely pubescent, the apex of the abdomen with long blackish 
hairs. Head short, rather broad, densely punctulate and 
reticulate, the eyes prominent ; antennz short, joints 5-10 
very broad. Prothorax transverse, gradually narrowed from 
the base, convex on the disc and somewhat broadly flattened 
along the sides, the hind angles obtuse; densely punctulate 


186 Mr. G. C. Champion on the wi 


and reticulate, the lateral carina sinuate, prominent, reaching 
the rounded hind angles, the median channel shallow. 
Elytra long, subparallel, much wider than the prothorax, 
somewhat produced at the apex, alutaceous, feebly tricostate, 
the interspaces with about five rows of rather fine punctures, 
the inferior margin finely crenulate. Ventral segments 
rather closely, finely punctate. ‘Tarsal claws long, with a 
sharp tooth just beyond the middle, 

@. Ventral segment 5 broadly arcuate-emarginate, and 
with a deep, transverse, arcuate excavation in the centre 
(shallower in 9); 6 broad, exposed, bi-impressed at apex ; 
median lobe of edeagus stout, curved downward and acumi- 
nate at tip. 

Length 8-103, breadth 3-4mm. (dg ?.) 

Hab. FE. Arnica, Lake Naivasha, Masai Reserve, alt. 
6000 ft. [about midway between Mts. Kenya and Kilimand- 
jaro] (A. O. Luckman: 18-24. xii. 1913). 

Forty-seven specimens, including numerous males, two of 
which have been dissected. Reecognizable by its elongate 
form and dull metallic upper surface, the flavescent femora, 
the laterally flattened, scabrous prothorax, and the closely 
punctured long, tricostate elytra, the fifth ventral segment 
of g with a deep transverse excavation. Near M. alluaudt, 
Pie (=monticola, Gahan), opaque above, the prothorax more 
flattened at the sides and less rugose, the elytra more finely 
punctured. M. taborensis, Pic (1908), seems to be an allied 
form with the abdomen testaceous. 


33. Melyris flavofemorata, sp. n. 

9. Elongate, subparallel, rather convex ; the upper sur- 
face opaque, green, tinged with violaceous on the head and 
prothorax, the lower surface shining, metallic green, the 
ventral surface suffused with violaceous ; the antennze (except 
the reddish portions of joints 1—4), tibiz and tarsi, and the 
apices of the femora, black, the rest of the femora, the 
trochanters, and the anterior cox flavous, the wings bluish ; 
sparsely pubescent, the apex of the abdomen witli long 
blackish hairs. Head narrow, elongated anteriorly, aluta- 
ceous, and densely punctulate and reticulate, the anterior 
portion finely punctured, the supra-orbital ridges prominent, 
the eyes depressed; antenne short. Prothorax nearly as 
long as broad, conical, rapidly narrowed from the base, 
feebly convex ; densely punctulate and reticulate, the median 
channel shallow, the lateral carina sinuous, prominent, 
reaching the rounded hind angles. Elytra long, subparallel, 
much wider than the prothorax ; rugulose, tricostate, the 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 187 


interspaces with about five rows of rather fine punctures. 
Beneath closely punctate, the ventral segments also trans- 
versely rugulose, 5 transversely depressed in the middle, 
6 cleft. Tarsal claws long, with a sharp tooth beyond the 
middle. 

Length 11, breadth 44 mm. 

Hab. EB. Avrica, Lagari (Mile 469) (C. 8. Betton: 1. iii. 
21. v. 1900). 

One female. Very like M. luckmani from Lake Naivasha, 
but easily separable therefrom by the narrow elongate head 
and the longer conical prothorax. 


34, Melyris pallidiventris. 
Zygia pallidiventris, Pic, L’Echange, xxii. p, 1 (1906), 


Elongate, rather broad, robust, shining, sparsely, finely 
pubescent above, and clothed with long pallid or fulvous 
hairs beneath, the abdomen fringed with long blackish hairs 
at the tip; czruleous or green, the basal joints of the 
antennz (except the first above), the femora (except at the 
extreme tip in some specimens), and abdomen (the black 
terminal abdominal segment in 9 excepted) rufo-testaceous, 
the rest of the antenne and legs black or piceous, the wings 
violaceous; the head and prothorax densely punctulate and 
shallowly reticulate. Head short, the anterior portion nar- 
row ; antenne short. Prothorax transversely subeampanu- 
late, feebly canaliculate ; the lateral carina angulate, some- 
times obsolete at the middle, and becoming very prominent 
exterior to the deep basal impressions, the latter polished 
near the posterior margin, the hind angles more or less 
extended outwards. Elytra much broader than the pro- 
thorax, long, somewhat produced at the apex ; rather feebly 
tricostate, the interspaces quadri-seriate-punctate, the pune- 
tures coarser and subconfluent in some specimens, smaller 
and more regularly arranged in others. ‘Parsal claws long, 
sharply toothed beyond the middle. 

3. Metasternum along each side of the median channel 
and posterior trochanters fulvo-villose ; ventral segment 5 
broadly arcuate-emarginate, 6 hollowed along each side of 
the convex median portion, notched at tip; median lobe 
of edeagus produced into a rather stout, long, downwardly- 
curved point, which is truncate at the apex. 

Length 10-13, breadth 42-53mm. (¢ 9.) 

Hab. E. any Cunrrat Arnica, Kilimandjaro (type of Pic), 
Itigi (Dr. G. H. D. Carpenter: x.1917: 2 9 ), Katanga in 
the Congo Region (Lemaire, in Mus. Congo Belge: 2), 


188 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


Six males and one female from Itigi (ex-German E. Africa) 
are referred to J/. pallidiventris, Pic, a female of which, 
from Katanga, named by the author, is before me. The 
wholly infuscate or black tibiz and tarsi separate the present 
species from M. rufiventris, Boh., and the rufo-testaceous 
abdomen distinguishesit from J/. nobilis, Gerst., MW. alluaudi, 
Pic, and others. The puncturing of the elytra varies greatly 
in the series from Itigi, it being very coarse in three of them. 
‘These specimens were all found on flowers of Acacia. 


35. Melyris incompleta. 
? Melyris incompleta, Fairm. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvi, 

p. xlix (1882) (Q)?. 

Melyris nobilis, Dixey and Longstaff, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, 

p. 357°. 

@. Elongate, broad, robust, moderately shining, the head 
aud prothorax rather dull ; cyancous, ceruleous, or more 
rarely green, the antennal joints 1-4, abdomen (the black 
terminal segment excepted), and legs (the black tarsi 
excepted) rufo-testaceous, the wings violaceous; sparsely 
fusco-pubescent, the lower surface with longer yellowish 
hairs, the abdomen fringed with long black hairs at the tip ; 
the head and prothorax densely punctulate and reticulate. 
Head rather small, short; antenne short. Prothorax con- 
vex, jransversely subcampanulate, at the base nearly as 
broad as the elytra, canaliculate, and with an angulate lateral 
carina, the latter sometimes obsolete at the middle and 
becoming very prominent at the base, which is deeply 
excavate or foveate on each side, the hind angles more or 
less produced, the basal cavities smooth near the posterior 
margin. Elytra long, subparallel in their basal half, tricos- 
tate to near the apex, the insterspaces with 4-5 rows of 
moderately coarse punctures. Ventral segment 5 slightly 
depressed down the centre, 6 cleft. ‘l'arsal claws long, 
sharply toothed beyond the middle. 

Length 84-104, breadth 33-43 mm. 

Hab. BE. anv S.1e. Arrica, between Zanzibar and the 
Great Lakes’ (type of Fairmaire), Nyasaland (Dr. J. E. S. 
Old, B. H. Woodward); N. Rhodesia—Niamadzi, near 
Nawalia, alt. 2000 ft. (S. A. Neave: 17-22. viii. 1910), 
Luangwa River and Valley (S. A. Neave: 14-16. viii. 1900, 
viii—ix. 1904, and vii.-viii. 1910: Mus. Brit. and Mus. 
Oxon.), Mulungushi’s and Mumbwa (H. C. Dollman: viii.-ix. 
1913); Zambesi—Victoria Falls* (C. H. F. Allen, in Mus. 
Owon.: 15. ix. 1905). 

Fifty-six specimens, including long series captured by 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 189 


Dr. Neave and the late H. C. Dollman in N. Rhodesia, 
all females, are provisionally referred to M/. incompleta, Fair- 
maire, who does not mention the deep basal impressions of 
the prothorax, &e. Separable from J/. rufiventris (type 
from the Limpopo), 2, as here identified, by the broad, 
transversely subcampanulate prothorax, the base of which is 
deeply foveate on each side within the very prominent 
posterior portion of the lateral carina, the latter sinuate and 
sometimes incomplete, and the black tarsi. It is a curious 
fact that no male has been received of this conspicuous 
Melyris, though the insect has been met with on many 
occasions and by various collectors. The red abdomen and 
the less divergent basal portion of the prothoracic carina 
separate J/. incompleta from JL. nobilis, Gerst., the ¢ of 
which is also unknown to me. 


36. Melyris albicoma. 


Zygia allicoma, Pic, Ann. Mus, Genova, xxxix. p. 509 (1899). 


Hab. EK. Arnica, Brava in Somaliland (J/us. Genoa). 

The unique type of this insect, captured by Bottego 
m Oct. 1895, is a 2. It is of about the same size as 
M. parvula, Gerst., aud separable therefrom by its dull, 
sericeous, much smoother, bluish-green upper surface, which 
is clothed with short, adpressed, whitish pubescence (includ- 
ing a line of hairs extending down each of the elytral coste) ; 
the head is short and narrow; the prothorax is convex, with 
the median groove very shallow and the lateral carina 
sinuate; the elytral imterspaces have about four rows of 
rather fine punctures; and the antennal joints 1-6, abdomen 
(except segments 1, 2, and 6), and legs (the black fifth 
tarsal joint excepted) are rufo-testaceous. The S. African 
M. pubescens, Oliv., has a somewhat similar vestiture. 


37. Melyris nobilis. 

Melyris nobilis, Gerst. Arch. f. Naturg. xxxvii. p. 56 (1871) 1, and in 
Van der Decken’s Reisen, iii. p. 156, t. 8. fig. 7 (1873)*; Kolbe, 
Deutsch Ost-Afrika, iv. p. 222 (1898) °. 

Zygia nobilis, var. viridiventris, Pic, Rev. Zool, Afric. iii. p. 158 
(1913) 4 

Hab, K. anp Cuntrat Arrica, Lake Jipe’?3 (sec. Ger- 

staecker), Masailand (Mus. Brit.: 92°) ; Congo Region— 
Sankisia*, Kabinda, Luanza, Kabambare, Kakauwe, Ki- 
sengwa, and Luapula-Kasenga (Mus. Congo Belge: 2); 8. 
Somaliland *. 

Fourteen examples of this species are before me, all 2 29 — 

six from Masailand, presented to the British Museum in 


Ann. & Mag. N. Ilist. Ser. 9, Vol. iv. 15 


190 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


1887 by Mr. F. J. Jackson, and eight from the Congo 
Region, lent me by M. Schouteden, the latter including 
Pic’s type of M. viridiventris from Sankisia. The chief 
characters of this species are: the blue upper surface, the 
metallic breast and abdomen, the rufo-testaceous femora ; 
tibia, and basal joints of the antennze ; the moderately 
broad, transversely subcampanulate prothorax, with deep 
basal impressions; and the elongate, tricostate elytra, 
with somewhat coarsely quadri- -seriate- punctate interspaces. 
Gerstaecker* compares M. nobilis with M. rufiventris, Boh., 
and states that the former has the breast and first two 
ventral segments bluish-green and the last four segments 
almost black. The male, like that of M.incompleta, Fairm., 
which has the ventral segments 1-5 wholly red, is not 
represented in the material before me. 


38. Melyris itigiensis, sp. un. 


Moderately elongate, bluish-green or green above, green 
or golden beneath, the bi: asal four or five joints of the 
antennee, the legs, and the sixth ventral segment of ¢ rufo- 
testaceous ; very finely pubescent, the under surface with 
long pallid hairs, the apex of the abdomen fringed with still 
longer blackish hairs, the wings bluish; the head and pro- 
thor ax densely punctulate and reticulate. Head rather long 
and narrow, but not produced anteriorly, the eyes depressed ; 
antenne very short, the broadly widened joints 5-11] forming 
a loose club. Pro thorax fully as long as bi ‘oad, connie al, 
obliquely narrowing from near the base for war.l, ” sulcate ; ; 
the lateral carina sharp, sinuous, and reaching the obtuse 
hind angles, the base slightly hollowed in the middle. 
Elytra moderately long, subparallel; alutaceous, sharply 
tricostate, the interspaces not very coarsely triseriate-punc- 
tate, and more or less distinctly transversely plicate, the 
inferior apical margin crenulate. Beneath closely punctate. 
Tarsal claws long, sharply toothed at about tle middle. 

dg. Ventral segment 5 unimpressed, arcuate-cmarginate, 
6 almost smooth; median lobe of edeagus sharply acuminate. 

Length 5-6, breadth 24-2imm. (¢ ¢.) 

Hab. E. ApRica, Itigi (Capt. G. H, D. Carpenter: x.1917). 

Eight specimens, including five males, found with M. 
pallidiventri is, Pic, on flowers of Acacia. A close ally of 
M. parvula, Gerst., with a much longer, conical prothorax, 
a longer head, and less coarsely triseriate-punctate inter- 
costal spaces on the elytra, the median lobe of 3 -edeagus 
sharply acuminate. The smaller size, green abdomen, &c., 


African and Asiutic Species of Melyris. 191 


separate the present species from the Abyssinian M. ruspolii, 


Pic: 
39. Melyris hacquard?, sp. n. 


3. Hlongate, narrow, shining, green or bluish-green, 
golden-green beneath, the antennz (cxcept along the inner 
edge of joints 6-10), legs, atid sixth ventral segment rufo- 
testaceous ; sparsely and very finely fusco- pubescent above, 
the under surface with longer pallid hairs, the abdomen with 
long blackish hairs at tip ; “the head and ’ prothorax densely 
punctulate and finely reticulate. Head short, rather broad, 
the eyes convex ; antennze not very short, the joints some- 
what loosely articulated, 5-10 about equally widened. Pro- 
thorax transverse, rounded at the sides anteriorly, canaliculate, 
the hind angles obtuse, the lateral carina sharp and feebly 
sinuate, the margins feebly crenulate. Elytra wider than 
the prothorax, long, subparallel ; very sharply tricostate, the 
interspaces rather coarsely triseriate-punctate, the inferior 
margin feebly crenulate towards the apex. Beneath closely, 
finely punctate. Ventral segment 5 with a deep, transverse, 
arcuate excavation in the middle and the apex rather deeply 
arcuate-emarginate, 6 feebly bi-impressed, emarginate at tip. 
‘Tarsal claws pene long aed beyond the middle. 

Length 54-54, breadth 2- 24 mm. 

Hab. B. Apnica, Zanzibar, Milipnda-Guzieous (Hacquard 
Mission, 1879-80). 

Two males from the Sharp collection. Very near JZ. 
parvula, Gerst., type from Endara, as here identified ; but 
separable therefrom by the longer and paler antenne, the 
outer joints of which are less closely articulated and not so 
broad (these joints forming a sort of club in Jf. parvula), 
the longer tarsal claws, and the very deep arcuate excava- 
tion on the fifth ventre al segment in ¢. J/. femoralis, Pic 
(1898), also from Zanzibar, is another allied form, with the 
femora only clear testaceous and the elytra more dilated 
posteriorly. 


40. Melyris parvula. 
Melyris parvula, Gerst. Arch. f. Naturg. xxxvil. p. 56 (1871) ', and in 
Van der Decken’s Reisen, ili. p. 157 (1873) es Waterh. P. Z. 5. 1885, 
p. 231°; Kolbe, Deutsch Ost- Afrika, iv. p. 222 (1898) *. 

g. Ventral segment 5 with a shallow, transverse, arcuate 
depression, broadly arcuate-emarginate at Up, 6 rufous or 
piccous, bi-impressed, emarginate at apex ; median lobe of 
zdeagus broad, pointed at the apex. 


@. Ventral segment 5 unimpressed, 6 cleft. 
15* 


192 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


Hab. E. Arrica (W. A. Lamborn: vy. 1916), Endara 
(inland from Zanzibar) (Gerstaecker) 124° Athi-ya-Mawe (C.S. 
Betton: v. 1899), Kilimandjaro (Sir H. H. Johnston) *, Lake 
Jipe and Tsavo River (Dr. Bayer, in Mus. Congo Belge : Vi. 
1913), Badditu-Dime (Bottega, in Mus. Genoa: y.—vil. 1896), 
Samburu (C. 8. Betton: x., xi. 1896), Mlanje in Nyasaland 
(S.A. Neave: viii. 1913), Machakos (S. L. Hinde: 1897), 
Gaia, Zambesi (H. Swale: vii., viii.1911), Namaiila, Lukendo, 
and Kashitu in N. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: ¢ ), S. Somali- 
land *. 

Many examples, ¢ ¢, seen from Kilimandjaro, &c., ? ¢ 
only from Rhodesia. A small blue or green form, with the 
elytra sharply tricostate, their interspaces rather coarsely tri- 
seriate-punctate ; the basal joints of the antenne and the legs 
rufo-testaceous, the tarsi often wholly or in part, and rarely 
the apices of the tibix also, infuscate ; the antenne short, 
the closely articulated, widened outer joints forming a sort 
of elongate club; the tarsal claws long, sharply toothed at 
about the middle; the margins of the prothorax, and the 
inferior apical margin of the elytra, more or less distinctly 
crenulate. Gerstaecker describes the prothorax as “ pro- 
funde sulcato,” a defiuition applying to very few of the 
specimens before me, including a co-type kindly lent me by 
Dr. Gestro. ‘The twelve examples from Caia and Mlanje, 
$ ¥, are more elongate than the rest, and they may belong 
to a different species. One of those from Lake Jipe is 
brassy-cupreous above. 


41. Melyris brevicollis, sp. u. 


Moderately elongate, shining ; green or golden-green, the 
basal joints of the antennz to a variable extent, and the legs 
(the more or less infuscate tarsi excepted), testacecous or 
rufo-testaceous ; finely pubescent, the apex of the abdomen 
fringed with long black bairs ; the head and prothorax 
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head short, small ; 
antenne short in the two sexes. Prothorax strongly trans- 
verse, rounded at the sides anteriorly, sulcate ; the lateral 
carina sinuous, the hind angles obtu-e, the margins feebly 
crenulate. Elytra moderately long, wider than the prothorax, 
flattened on the disc; alutaceous, sharply tricostate, the 
interspaces with three rows of moderately coarse punctures, 
the inferior apical margin crenulate. Tarsal claws moderately 
long, armed with a sharp tooth at about the middle. 

3. Ventral segment 5 broadly arcuate emarginate at tip, 
6 black, triangularly emarginate. 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 193 


¢. Ventral segment 5 deeply foveate in the middle, 
6 cleft. 

Hab. EK Arnica, Banks of Nile near Kakindu, alt. 3400 ft. 
Uganda Protectorate (S. 4. Neave: 24,25. viii. 1911: 9), 
Kashitu in N. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: vi. 1915: 8 2 i 

Described from a long series found by the late H. C. Doll- 
man on the flowers of shrubs in June 1915, and two females 
captured some years previously by Dr. Neave. Very near 
the somewhat variable I/. parvula, Gerst., which occurred 
also at Kashitu; but separable therefrom by the more 
transverse prothorax, which is also less narrowed in front, 
and the deeply foveate fifth ventral segment of 2. The less 
elongate shape, shorter antenne: and legs, and the more 
feebly developed tarsal claws distinguish JL, brevicollis from 
M. hacquardi. 


42. Melyris piligera, sp. n. 


@. Elongate, rather dull above, shining beneath ; green, 
the antennal joints 2-4, the trochanters, femora, and tibize 
rufo-testaceous, the rest of the antenne and the tarsi black ; 
thickly clothed with rather long, decumbeut, blackish hairs, 
these forming a close curled fringe along the margins of the 
prothorax and elytra, the apex of the abdomen with long 
black hairs ; the head and prothorax closely punctulate and 
reticulate. Head short; antenne short, joints 5-1] closely 
articulated and broadly widened, forming an elongate club. 
Prothorax transverse, gradually, arcuately narrowed from 
the base, feebly canaliculate, the lateral carina sinuate, 
sharp, the hind angles obtuse, the margins finely crenulate, 
Hlytra at the base a little broader than the prothorax, 
moderately elongate, widened posteriorly, sharply tricostate 
to near the tip, the interspaces with four rows of not very 
coarse punctures, the inferior apical margin crenulate. 
Beneath closely punctured. Legs rather stout; tarsal 
claws sharply toothed beyond the middle. 

Length 64, breadth 24 mm. 

Hab. KH, Cenrrau Arrica, Chilangwa in N.W. Rhodesia 
(Rh. C. Wood: 21. vii. 1913). 

One specimen. Smaller, narrower, and less robust than 
M. apicalis, Harold, the under surface wholly green, the 
upper surface thickly clothed with decumbent blackish 
hairs, the elytral somewhat regularly quadriseriate-punctate. 


45. Jlelyris serrata, sp. n. 


$. Moderately elongate, somewhat depressed, widened 


194 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


posteriorly, thickly nigro-pilose above, sparsely, finely 
pubescent beneath, the abdomen with a few long projecting 
hairs at the tip; bluish-green, the basal three joints of the 
antenne (the others black), the legs (the tips of the tarsi 
excepted), and the posterior margin “of the ventral segments 
5 and 6 rufo-testaceous ; the head and prothorax closely 
punctulate and reticulate, the prothorax subgranulate. 
Head rather short; antenve relatively long, the joints 
somewhat loosely articulated, 4-10 acutely triangular. Pro- 
thorax broader than long, rounded at the sides, narrowed 
anteriorly, canaliculate, the lateral carina sharp and feebly 
sinuate, the margins set with small projecting teeth. Hlytra 
much broader than the prothorax, widening to near the apex, 
rather feebly tricostate, the interspaces triseriate-punctate, 
the margins narrowly explanate and inferiorly crenulate. 
Ventral segment 5 feebly arcuate-emarginate, 6 (so far as 
visible) subtruneate. Legs slender, shining, the tarsal claws 
toothed near the tip. : 

Length 4%, breadth 2,!, mm. 

Hab. i. Arnica, Victoria Falls of the Zambesi, left bank, 
alt. about 8000 feet (Dr. Longstaff, in Mus. Oxon.: 18. ix. 
1905). 

One example. Smaller, less convex, and more thickly 
pilose than J/. denticulata, from Angola, the antennz elon- 
gate, the elytral intcrspaces triseriate-punctate. 


44, Melyris atricornis, sp. n. 


?. Hlongate, narrow, rather convex, moderately shining, 
green, the anteune and legs black, clothed with short deeum- 
bent, blackish pubescence, the abdomen with long black hairs 
at tip; the head and prothorax closely punctulate and 
reticulate. Head small, short; antennz short, joints 5-11 
broadly widened, and closely articulated, forming an elon- 
gateclub. Prothorax broader than long, gradually, arcuately 
narrowed from the base, sulcate, the lateral carina sinuous, 
sharp, the hind angles obtuse, the margins finely crenulate. 
Klytra subparallel, wider than the prothorax, sharply tri- 
costate to near the tip, the interspaccs triseriate-punctate 
and feebly, transversely plicate, the inferior apical margin 
finely crenulate. Ventral segment 5 unimpressed. Legs 
rather slender ; tarsal claws moderately long, sharply toothed 
at about the middle. 

Length 5, breadth 2 mm. 

Hab. Ki. Arrica, Dedza District, Central Angoniland, 
alt. 4000-5000 ft. (S. A. Neave: v. 1910). 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 195 


Described from a 2 example. Another specimen, ¢?, 
from Mlanje in Nyasaland (S, A. Neave: 15. viii. 1913), is 
perhaps referable to the same species : it is broader than the 
type, bluish-green in colour, and has the eyes more convex. 
AM. atricornis cannot be satisfactorily included under the 

variable JZ. niyripes, Harold, the intercostal spaces on the 
elytra being somewhat regularly triseriate-punctate, as well 
as feebly transversely wrinkled. The puncturing of the 
upper surface is very much finer, and the elytral coste 
much more prominent, than in the allied J/. umbilicata from 
Nigeria. 


Melyris virens, sp. n. 


2. Moderately elongate, robust, rather broad, shining, 
fusco-pubescent ; bluish-green, the antennze and legs nigro- 
piceous, the abdomen brassy-green ; the head and prothorax 
densely punctulate and reticulate. Head and antenne short. 
Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, sulcate, 
the lateral carina sinuate, the margins feebly crenulate. 
Elytra broader than the prothorax, moderately long ; sharply 
tricostate, the interspaces coarsely triseriate-punctate, the 
inferior apical margin sharply crenulate. Legs rather stout ; 
tarsal claws oe toothed at about the middle. 

Length 5-54, breadth 22-23 mm. 

iia AFRICA, Uganda ‘and the highlands of Masai 
(Scott-illiot). 

One female, without definite locality. A second example 
of the same sex, from Ukamba, Tiwa River (S. W. J. Schole- 
field : 22-27. 1. 1912), with the margins of the prothorax 
more distinctly crenulate, the elytral interspaces less coarsely 
triseriate-punctate, and the ventral segments blue, seems to 
belong to the same species. Near J/. parvula, Gerst., but a 
little broader and more robust, the legs wholly blackish. 
The non-plicate, triseriate-punctate elytral interspaces and 
the less elongate shape separate JZ. virens from small 
M. nigripes, Harold, and the broader and more robust build 
distinguishes it from Jf. atfricornis. ‘The present species is 
also very like the S. African J/. lineata, the latter being a 
little less robust, less shining above and beneath, and having 
longer legs and more feebly toothed tarsal claws. 


46. Melyris uniformis, sp. 0. 


2. Elongate, widened posteriorly, rather convex, sparsely 
pubescent, dull above, shining beneath ; green, the antenne, 
palpi, labrum, and tarsi piceous or black ; the head and 


196 Mr. G. ©. Champion on the 


prothorax densely punctulate and_ finely reticulate; the 
abdomen fringed with long hairs at the tip. Head somewhat 
elongated posteriorly, the antennz short. Prothorax trans- 
verse, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, feebly canaliculate, the 
lateral carina sinuate. Elytra long, wider than the prothorax; 
rather sharply tricostate, the interspaces alutaceous and 
somewhat finely triseriate-punctate. Tarsal claws sharply 
toothed at about the middle. 

Length 7, breadth 3 mm. 

Hab. &. Avrtca, Kondowe to Karonga in Nyasaland, 
alt. 2000 ft. (A. Whyte, in Mus. Brit.: 1897). 

One female. A form extremely like J. piligera from 
N.W. Rhodesia, metallic green above and beneath, the legs 
and antenne wholly blackish, the upper surface more 
sparsely pubescent, the elytra tri- (instead of quadri-) seriate- 
punctate, the head a little longer, and the tooth of the tarsal 
claws arising from nearer the base. The longer head and 
larger size separate M/. uniformis from MM. atricornis. 


Somaliland Forms *. 


a. Prothorax and elytra metallic. 
a’, Metasternum, abdomen, and legs testaceous .,.,.. No. 47. 
b'. Metasternum metallic, abdomen and legs testaceous . Nos, 48-50]. 
6. Prothorax or elytra with their outer margins, the former 
sometimes entirely, rufescent, the legs in part and 
HHA OME EStHICEOUS Leia. esolorm water lee 0 speteysre em te Nos. 51-64. 
c. Prothorax and elytra metallic, the abdomen and legs 
black, elytra very coarsely confluently punctured 
(SOKOUTE Dy. «enn RITE SS Sod OER BOM Loe ge NOOO: 


47, Melyris pleuralis. 
Melyris pleuralis, Fairm. Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg. xxxvii. p. 149 (1898). 


gd. Ventral segment 5 broadly and rather deeply arcuate- 
emarginate ; 6 transversely tumid in the centre in front of 
the triangular apical notch. 

Var.? The metasternal side-pieces rufo-testaceous, the 
prothorax more coarsely punctured. 

Hab. . Arrica, Somaliland (Revoil, in Mus. Brit.: 8): 
Ouebbi (Dr. Keller: type), Basso Ganana and Boran 
Galla (V. Bottego, in Mus. Genoa: vii., vill. 1893: ?), 
Af-goi [Benadir] (V. Casale, in Mus. Genoa: 9 ). 


* Including Sokotra Island. One species (No. 70) from Obock is 
included amongst the N. African and Arabian forms. 

* The Arabian MM. klugi (No. 65), which is similarly coloured, extends 
to Somaliland and Abyssinia. 

t The similarly coloured M. parvula (No. 40) and nobilis (No. 37) have 
been recorded from S, Somaliland, 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 197 


A male from the Fry collection agrees fairly well with 
the description of this species, and seven females in the 
Genoa Museum must also belong here. The latter are blue 
or bluish-green above, and extremely like MW. gestroi, Pic, 
but they have the side-pieces only of the metasternum 
metallic. ‘The male has the upper surface green and the 
humeral callosities violaceous. ‘These specimens have the 
antenne (except at the apex), legs (the knees and tips of 
the tarsi excepted), and under surface (the sternal side- 
pieces excepted) rufo-testaceous ; the prothorax sulcate on 
the dise and excavate on each side at the base, the lateral 
carina reaching the rather prominent hind ai gles; the 
elytia sharply tricostate, the interspaces with about four 
rows of punctures. Fairmaire separated M, pleuralis from 
his M. semihirta, also from Somaliland (but not represented 
in the collections before me), by the more prominent hind 
angles of the prothorax, the yellow metasternum (the side- 
pieces excepted), the non-villose body, &c. The length 
varies from 9-104, and the breadth from 34-4) mni. The 
variety (?) is represented by a large 2? from Torn Gralla, 


48. Melyris viridinitens. 


Melyris viridinitens, Fairm. in Reyoil’s Faune et Flore Comalis, 
Coléopt. p. 57 (1882). 


g. Ventral segment 5 shallowly, 6 triangularly, emar- 
ginate, the latter bi-impressed. 

Hab. Kk, Arrica, Somaliland (Revoil, ex colls. Sharp and 
Fry). 

There is a pair of this species in the British Muscum, the 
3 having been received from Deyrolle by Dr. Sharp as 
M. viridinitens. A brilliant metallic green or bluish-green 
form, the prothorax, scutellum, and metasternum golden- 
ereen, the abdomen, legs, and the antennze in great part 
rufo-testaceous ; the prothorax rather long and subconical, 
canaliculate, foveate on each side at the base, the lateral 
carina feebly sinuate, the surface shallowly reticulate and 
finely punctulate ; the elytra oblong, very sharply tricostate, 
the interspaces with 3-4 rows of coarse punctures, the 
inferior apical margin feebly crenulate; the tarsal claws 
very long, sharply toothed towards the tip ; the apex of the 
abdomen fringed with long blackish hairs in both sexes. 
Fairmaire’s description of the terminal (sixth) ventral 
segment must apply to the ¢, and not to the 9 as stated, 


198 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


49. Melyris anceyi, n. un. 


Melyris versicolor, Ancey, Le Naturaliste, iv. No. 10, p. 78 (May 15th, 
1882); Fairm. in Revoil’s Faune et Flore Comalis, Coléopt. p. 58 
(188: 2) (nec Chevr.); Pic, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxix. p. 508, nota 
(1800). 


S. Ventral segment 5 slightly hollowed at apex, 6 bi- 
impressed, convex in the middle in front of the triangular 
apical notch ; median lobe of edeagus pointed and slightly 
curved downward at tip. 

?. Ventral segment 6 black, cleft down the middle. 

Hab. EB. Arnica, Somaliland (Levotl, ex colls. Sharp and 
Fry ; Mus. Oxon., ex Deyrolle). 

If the specimens of this insect before me—a pair in the 
Oxford Museum, and various others, ¢ ?, in the Sharp 
and Fry collections, all received from Deyrolle—are correctly 
named, M. versicolor, Aucey, seems to me to be merely a 
form of M. viridinitens with a roughcr and more deeply 
grooved prothorax. The colour is variable—ercen, bluish- 
green, or brilliant violaccous, the reflexed margins of the 
prothorax being testaceous in one example. The narrower, 
subconical, more closely sculptured prothorax separates both 
species from the Abyssinian M. festiva, Reiche, which is 
also a larger insect. The long black hairs at the apex of the 
abdomen ‘do not arise from the filth segment as stated by 
Fairmatre. 


50. Melyris ruspolii. 
Zygia ruspolit, Pic, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxix. p. 508 (1899). 


¢. Ventral segment 5 feebly emarginate at apex, 6 nar- 
rowly exposed, bifoveate, notched at tip. 

Hab. B. Arnica, Somaliland: Milmil and Salolé. 

‘There is a long series, ¢ 2, of this species in the Genoa 
Museum. It is of about the same size (length 6-83} mm., 
excluding head) as the Abyssinian M. fulvipes, Reiche, which 
also has a long prothorax, from which the present species 
differs in its elongate narrow head, rugosely punctate, 
sharply tricostate elytra, and rufo-testaceous abdomen, 


51. Melyris discoidahs. 


Melyris discoidalis, Fairm. in Réyoil’s Faune et Flore Comalis, 
Coléopt. p. 59 (1882 ie 

Zygia discordalis, Bedel, 17 See xxix. p. 86 (1897) ; Schilsky, Kaf. 
Kurop. XXxiv. No. 92’ ( 3 ) (1897). 


Hab, ¥. Arnica, Somaliland, Obock (Mus. Brit.). 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 199 


A g in the Oxford Museum, received from Deyrolle under 
the name M. rubrecincta, Fairm., and two immature examples 
of the same sex from Obock * (Dr. Martin), seem to be refer- 
able to M. discoidalis. ‘Vhey are testaceous in colour, with 
the head and two patches on the disc of the prothorax black, 
the elytra with a fusco-ceruleous stripe or space on the 
disc (leaving the outer margins and sutural regions testa- 
ceous) ; the puncturing of the interspaces sparser, coarser, 
and more regularly arranged than in M. rubrocincta. The 
metasternnm is testaceous in the Obock specimens and 
infusecate in the other one. The tarsal claws are very long, 
toothed at the middle. 


52. Melyris limbifera. 
Melyris imbifera, Ancey, Ve Naturaliste, iv. No. 8, p. 62 (April 15th, 
1882) }, 

Fai rab iintiale and yar, rvdler, Pic, L’ Echange, xxv. p. 142 (1909)?. 

3g. Ventral segment 5 feebly emarginate, 6 deeply bi- 
impressed and triangularly emarginate. 

2. Ventral segment 6 and terminal dorsal segment black, 
the former cleft. 

Hab. K. Arrica, Somaliland *? (EZ, Lort Phillips and Miss 
Gillett, in Mus. Brit.). 

There are a dozen examples of this species in the British 
Museum, received in 1895 and 1898. It is recognizable by 
the expanded, sharply upturned, testaceous or rufo-testaceous 
margins of the prothorax and elytra, the reddish colour of 
the prothorax so extended as to leave only a large black 
patch or two oblong marks on the disc, the rest of the elytra 
being metallic blue. ‘The legs (except the tarsi, wholly or 
in part) and abdomen are testaceous, and the metasternum 
more or less infuscate. The tarsal claws are very long, 
toothed at the middle, and the fourth antennal joint is 
triangular. Pic, in his description of Z. rubrolimbata’*, says 
nothing about the similarly coloured J/. limbifera, Ancey, 
from the same region, the type of which should be in his 
own collection (cf. Le Nat. 1898, p. 273). M.marginicollis, 
Ancey (? = collaris, Fairm.), also from Somaliland, not 
represented in the collections before me, is an allied form 
with the elytra wholly blue. 


* M. (Zygia) notaticollis, Pic (1905), from Obock, is a different species 
coloured like M. (Zygia) oblonga, F. 


200 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


53. Melyris rubrocincta. 
Melyris rubrocincta, Fairm, in Révoil’s Faune et Flore Gomalis, 
Coléopt. p. 60 (1882). 

Hab. B. Arrica, Somaliland (Mus. Brit.: g 2), Berbera 
(coll. Andrewes). 

Distinguished from M. limbifera by the long narrow head, 
the longer, subconical, wholly cyaneous prothorax, and the 
rather sharper elytral cost. The ¢-ventral-characters, so 
far as visible without dissection, are similar. The lateral 
carina of the prothorax is incomplete in one of the five 
specimens before me. The tarsal claws are very long, 
sharply toothed at about the middle. 


54. Melyris circumsepta, sp. 0. 

Oblong-oval, widened posteriorly, rather convex, somewhat 
thickly pubescent, dull, the elytra and under surface shining ; 
rufo-testaceous, the head, the antennee in their outer half, 
the tarsi and scutellum, and in some specimens the tibie 
and two spots on the disc of the prothorax also, black, the 
elytra (the expanded reddish margins excepted) cyaneous ; 
the abdomen fringed with long black hairs at the tip, the 
terminal segment also black in @3; the head and prothorax 
densely punctulate and firely reticulate. Head narrow, 
rather long ; antennze short, joints 5-10 serrate, 4 narrow. 
Prothorax convex, a little broader than long, rounded at the 
sides, compressed and much narrowed anteriorly, canalicu- 
late, the lateral carina sinuate and well defined, the margins 
feebly dilated, the hind angles obtuse. Elytra oblong-oval, 
much wider than the prothorax in ?, narrower in 6, 
acuminate at tip, the margins rather broadly explanate; 
feebly  tricostate, the interspaces with from 3-4 rows of 
moderately coarse punctures. Tarsal claws toothed at about 
the middle. 

g. Ventral segments 5 and 6 emarginate, 6 bi-impressed. 

Length 6-7, breadth 27-383 mm. (d¢ ?.) 

Hab. N.E. Arrica, Hartan Peninsula in Eritrea (MM. 
Cameron). 

Two males and three females. A small form of the insect 
here identified as M. limbifera, Ancey, with the head narrower, 
the prothorax less dilated at the sides, and the under surface 
wholly testaceous. M. rubrolimbata and its var. rollet, Ric 
(L’Echange, xxv. p. 142, 1909), from the Somali Coast, the 
prothorax of which varies in colour in the same way, is a 
much larger insect (length 9-11 mm.) and has an infuseate 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 201 


metasternum. The Hartan Peninsula forms one side of 
Beilul Bay. The exact locality for M. rubrolimbata is not 
recorded. 


09. Melyris insularis. 
Melyris inswlarts, Gahan, Bull. Liverpool Mus. iii. p- 8 (1900). 


Hab. KB. Arrica, Sokotra Island, Abd-el-Kuri (HA Eee: 
Grant: 22. 11. 1899). 

Two males and one female were captured by Mr. Grant. 

A rather short broad form, metallic green above, the 
antenne (joints 2-5 excepted), legs, and ventral segments 
black or piceous; the prothorax transverse, trapezoidal, 
somewhat hollowed at the sides, the anterior angles pro- 
minent, obtuse, the hind angles drawn out laterally, the 
lateral carina sinuate and not very conspicuous, the median 
groove evanescent anteriorly ; the elytra very coarsely, tri- 
seriately, subconfluently punctate between the narrow eostze : 
the tarsal claws long, armed with a small tooth towards the 
apex. The ¢ has the sixth ventral segment testaceous, and 
almost smooth, convex along the middle; the median lobe 
of the ezdeagus stout, acuminate, and curved. 


Abyssinian Forms *, 
a. Prothorax and elytra metallic, abdomen and legs 
partly or entirely testaceous. 
a', Prothorax more or less villose ............ woes Neos. 56-58. 
4) Prothorax neti ose oo 0 8. veil Fo ooo be. -.- Nos, 59-63. 
6. Prothorax, elytra, and under surface metallic, legs 
testaceous ; elytra obsoletely costate ............ No, 64, 


56. Melyris corrosa. 
Melyris corrosa, Reiche, in Ferret and Galinier’s Voyage Abyss., Ins. 
p- 291, t. 18. figs. 1, la (1850). 

Melyris onychina, Roth, in Wiegm. Archiv, 18515 L pe gk 

Melyris atripilosus, Gorh, Ann. Mus. Genova, xviii. p- 600 (1883), 

3. Ventral segment 5 without median depression, broadly 
arcuate-emarginate at apex, 6 bi-impressed. 

Hab. Asyssinia, Goundet to Adoua (Raffray, in Mus. 
Genoa). 

Dr. Gestro has lent me four males of M. atripilosa, Gorh. 
including the type, and a larger worn co-type, 2, of 
M. corrosa, Reiche. The only visible difference between 
them is due to the fresher condition of the males, the 
numerous long black erect hairs on the head, prothorax, and 


* M., klugi, Baudi (No. 65), extends to Abyssinia and Somaliland, and 
M. nobilis, Gerst. (No. 37), has been recorded from the same regions, 


202 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


under surface being intact in the specimens of M. atripilosa 
captured by Raffray. A large violaceous, blue, or bluish- 
green, pilose insect, with a transverse, conical, coarsely, 
closely umbilicate-punctate, villose prothorax, the elytral 
interspaces coarsely, closely punctate, the abdomen in great 
part, or entirely, and the legs testaceous, the latter more 
hairy than in M. abdominalis, F.  Reiche’s figures show 
the villose prothorax. 


57. Melyris conicicollis. 
Melyris conicicollis, Gorh, Ann. Mus, Genova, xviii. p. 601 (1888). 


Hab. AByssiNta. 

The types of this species are females. As the author 
states, M. conicicollis is separable from his atriptlosa (=cor- 
rosa, ‘Reiche) by its smaller size, the non-pilose under 
surface of the body, and the more strongly costate elytra ; 
he, however, omitted to note that it had a very much 
narrower head, and that the long Sea: was sparser on the 
prothorax and not altogether absent from the head. 


58. Melyris pilicoilis, sp. n. 


@. Elongate, subparallel, rather dull; obscure olivaceous 

bluish-green, the antenne (except the inner portions of 
joints 5-11), legs (the tips of the tarsi excepted), and the 
ventral segments 1-5 at the sides and along their posterior 
margin fcciaccoud, sparsely clothed above with decumbent 
fuscous pubescence, the hairs forming a close fringe along 
the edges of the elytra, the prothorax with intermixed very 
long, Breet or laterally projecting, blackish hairs, the abdo- 
men also with long black hairs at the apex, the under surface 
closely pubescent ; the head and prothorax densely punctu- 
late and coarsely reticulate. Head broad, short ; antenne 
short. Prothorax broader than long, conical, rapidly nar- 
rowing from the rather sharp hind angles, deeply suleate, 
and with a strougly sinuate lateral carina, the base slightly 
excavate on each side within the carina. Elytra long, much 
broader than the prothorax, a little widened posteriorly, 
rounded at the apex; rather feebly tricostate, the interspaces 
aluta:eous and each with about four rows of moderately 
coarse punctures. ‘Yarsal claws long, toothed near the tip, 

Length 83, breadth 34 mm. 

Hab. ABYSSINIA, Scion [Shoa] (Antinori, in Mus. Genoa). 

Two females, captured by Antinori in May 1877, found 
amongst the extremely long series of M. pectoralis belonging 
to the Genoa Museum, “This species has the prothorax 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 203 


conical and clothed with long erect blackish hairs as in 
M. conicicollis, Gorh.; but it differs from that insect in 
having a shorter and broader head, sharper hind angles 
to the prothorax, more finely punctured, duller elytra, and 
the ventral segments of the ? in great part infuscate, these 
segments being probably wholly testaceous in the unknown 
g. The conical hairy prothorax, &c., separate it from 
M. pectoralis, and its much larger size, &c., from M. olivacea, 
Gueér. 
59. Melyris gestrot. 

Zygia gestrot, Pic, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxix. p. 507 (1899). 

Hab. Asyssinia, Gallago, Salolé, and Hauacio (Ruspoli, in 
Mus. Genoa). 

The types of this species are 9 9. JL. gestrot is a form 
of the insect here identified as M/. pleuralis, Fairm., differing 
from it in the wholly green metasternum and the slightly 
longer and narrower head; the latero-basal depressions of 
the prothorax are deep in both of them. Pic does uot 
mention J/. pleuralis, and compares his species with 
M. festiva, Reiche, and AL. versicolor, Ancey, to which it 
bears but little resemblance. 


60. Alelyris pectoralis. 
Melyris pectoralis, Reiche, in Ferret and Galinier’s Voyage Abyssin., 
Ins. p. 295 (1842); Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, p. 97. 
Melyris eruginosa, Roth, in Wiegm, Archiy, xvi. 1, p. 121 (1851). 
Melyris hemorrhoidalis, Roth, 1. c. 
Melyris festiva, Gorh, Ann. Mus. Genova, xviii. p. 509 (1883) (nec 
Reiche). 

3. Ventral segment 5 broadly arcuate-emarginate,.6 short, 
deeply foveate, notched at tip; median lobe of wzdeagus 
stout, pointed at apex. 

2. Terminal abdominal dorsal and ventral segments 

black, the ventral one cleft. 
' Hab. Asyssinia (Mus. Brit.; Mus. Oxon.; Raffray, ex 
coll. Sharp); Adda Galla, Harar, Bogos, Scioa, &c. (lus. 
Genoa); Zegi Tsana (Degen, in Mus. Brit.); Junction 
Camp-E. Elgon (Dr. Bayer, in Mus. Congo Belge: iv.-v. 
NOW 59). 4 

There are upwards of 200 examples of this species in the 
Genoa Museum, including a g marked “ typus,”’ received 
from M. Oberthiir in 1878, and many more in the British 
Museum. Specimens ofit are labelled J. pectoralis in all the 
collections I have examined. Neiche’s description is rather 
vague, and Gorham identified the Genoa Museum series as 


204 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


M. festiva, which is a broader insect, with a smoother, 
brilliantly metallic prothorax. J/. pectoralis is recognizable 
amongst the allied Abyssinian forms by its elongate shape, 
greenish or blue colour, with the legs, abdomen, and the 
greater part of the antenne rufo-testaceous; the short 
head ; the transverse, laterally rounded, subquadrate, coarsely 
punctured, suleate prothorax, with a sharp sinuous lateral 
carina; and the elongate, subparallel, tricostate elytra, the 
interspaces of which have about four rows of moderately 
coarse punctures. The tarsal claws are long and sharply 
toothed beyond the middle. Jf. hemorrhoidalis seems to 
have been based upon a blue example of the same species. 
The length varies from 7-ll mm. A 2 from Cheren, Kritrea 
(D. F. Derchi, 1894), in the Genoa Museum, with the ventral 
segments black, except along the sides, may represent a new 
form allied to M. pectoralis ? 


61. Melyris parallela, sp. un. 


Hlongate, parallel, the head and prothorax dull, the rest 
of the surface more shining, almost glabrous above, thickly 
clothed with pallid hairs beneath, the apex of the abdomen 
fringed with long blackish hairs in both sexes; green or 
bluish-green, the prothorax in two examples cyancous on the 
disc and metallic green at the sides, the antennz (except 


See 
Melyris parallela, 3. 


at the tip) and legs (except the infuscate tarsi in one 
specimen), and the ventral segments wholly in g, or at 
the sides and apex only in @, rufo-testaceous ; the head 
and prothorax closely, rather coarsely umbilicate-punctate. 
Head rather broad, short; antennz short ; prothorax strongly 
transverse, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, in ¢ fully as broad 
as the elytra, shghtly narrower in ?, suleate down the 
middle, aud depressed before the base, the bind angles 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 205 


obtuse, the lateral carina sinuous. Elytra long, parallel, 
tricostate, the interspaces with four or five rows of mode- 
rately coarse punctures. Tarsal claws with a sharp tooth 
towards the tip. 

3. Joint 1 of intermediate tarsi produced at the inner 
apical angle (fig. 3); ventral segment 5 broadly arcuate- 
emarginate, 6 bi-impressed ; median lobe of eedeagus termi- 
nating in a short downwardly-curved point. 

Length 7-9, breadth 23-34mm. (¢ 9 .) 

Hab, Anysstnta (Mus. Brit.). 

Three specimens, acquired by the Museum in 1876. A 
form of M/. pectoralis, Reiche, with the prothorax dilated 
and fully as broad as the elytra, and the basal joint of the 
intermediate tarsi somewhat dentiform, in ¢; the ventral 
segments broadly metallic or infuscate across the middle 
in ? (the sexes of IL. festiva differing in the same way in the 
two pairs of that species before me) ; the puncturing of the 
upper surface not quite so coarse. Amongst the nine 
species of Melyris already recorded from the same country, 
M., pectoralis is the only one with which the present insect 
can be compared. 


62. Melyris quadricollis, sp. n. 
Melyris corrosa, Gorh. Ann. Mus, Genova, xviii. p- 599 (1888) (nec 
Reiche). 
Elongate, subparallel, slightly widened posteriorly in 9, 
the head and prothorax subopaque, the elytra moderately 
shining; violaceous, cyaneous, or bluish-green, the elytra 


y] 
sometimes wholly greenish, the antennz (except the inner 


Fig. 4, 


| 
WT | 


f 


A 
if 


~ 
fl 
eas Se 


Melyris quadricollis, 3. 


portions of joints 1 and 5-11, which are black), legs, and 
abdomen (except the sixth abdominal segment in 2 ) rufe: 
testaceous; clothed with fine, decumbent, blackish hairs, 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 16 


206 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


the apex of the abdomen fringed with long black hairs ; the 
head and prothorax densely punctulate and coarsely reticu- 
late. Head short, rather broad; antenne short. Prothorax 
transverse, subquadrate or trapezoidal, the sides almost 
straight, finely crenulate, and very gradually converging 
from the obtuse hind angles forwards (more rapidly so 
in ?); suleate down the middle, the lateral carima feebly 
sinuate and extending outward to the hind angles. Hlytra 
long, subparallel, wider than the prothorax, tricostate, the 
interspaces with about four rows of rather coarse punctures. 
Tarsal claws very long, sharply toothed beyond the middle. 

¢. Joint 1 of intermediate tarsi very short, 2 produced 
inferiorly into a slightly curved blunt lobe (fig. 4). Ventral 
segment 5 without median depression, broadly emarginate at 
apex, 6 deeply bifoveate. 

Length 74-11, breadth 8-4?mm. (d ?.) 

Hab. Asyssrnta, Scioa [Shoa] (Antinori, in Mus. Genoa), 
Gatelo Amaiynu (R. J. Stordy: 4. x1, 1911: ¢). 

Nearly one hundred specimens of this species are before 
me, including many males. Gorham was unable to dis- 
tinguish it from the insect incorrectly identified by him as 
M. festiva (=pectoralis, Reiche), from which it is easily 
separable by the straighter-sided, subquadrate, slightly 
smoother prothorax, and the inferiorly lobed second joint of 
the ¢ intermediate tarsi, there being no trace of this lobe 
in the same sex of the allied JA/. corrosa, pectoralis, or 
festiva. Inthe 2 tarsal structure M/. quadricollis approaches 
M. klugi and bicalcarata, 


63. Melyris festiva. 

Melyris festiva, Reiche, in Ferret and Galinier’s Voyage Abyssin., 
Ins. p. 292, t. 18. figs. 2, 2@ (1849) [nec Gorh. Ann. Mus. Genova, 
xviii. p. 599 (1883). 

¢. Ventral segments fulvous, 5 shallowly, broadly emar- 
ginate, 6 deeply bi-impressed; terminal dorsal segment 
fringed with long fulvous hairs at apex. 

9. Ventral segments broadly viridi- or nigro-cyaneo- 
fasciate, terminal dorsal segment black and fringed with 
long black hairs at apex. 

Hab. Axsyssinta (Raffray: Mus. Genoa, Mus. Oxon., and 
ex coll. Sharp). 

There are a pair of this species in the Genoa Museum, a 
pair in the British Museum (ex coll. Sharp), and a ? in the 
Oxford Museum. Four of these specimens have the head and 
prothorax brilliant metallic green or bluish-green and the 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 207 


elytra violaceous or greenish violaceous; the fifth has the elytra 
green, the head golden-green, and the prothorax golden- 
cupreous. In general shape J/. festiva is broader than 
M. pectoralis ; the prothorax is strongly transverse, much 
narrowed anteriorly, and more finely punctured on the disc 
(thus appearing smoother, as shown in Reiche’s figures); and 
the ventral segments are differently coloured in the two sexes, 
as in Jf. parallela. he tarsal claws are extremely long and 
sharply toothed towards the apex. 


64. Melyris fulvipes. 

Melyris fulvipes, Reiche, in Ferret and Galinier’s Voyage Abyssin., 
Ins. p. 294, t. 18. figs. 3, 3a (1849) [mec Klug}!; Gorh. Ann, Mus. 
Genoya, xvill. p. 600 (1883) ? 

6. Ventral segment 5 feebly emarginate, unimpressed, 
6 bifoveate. 

Hab. Apyssinta’ (Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxon.), woody district 
from Goundet to Adoua’® (Raffray, in Mus. Genoa) ; Soupan, 
Mctammeh (P. Magretti, in Mus. Genoa: 22. 11. 1883). 

Of this species there are nine specimens before me—seven 
from Abyssinia and two from the Soudan. They are green, 
golden-green, or czruleous in colour, above and beneath, 
with the legs and the basal joints of the antenne testaceous ; 
the head is comparatively narrow ; the prothorax is rather 
elongate, subconical, and has an almost straight lateral 
carina; the elytral costee are almost obsolete, beg only 
just traceable, the interspaces quadriseriate-punctate ; and 
the tarsal claws are sharply toothed beyond the middle. 
The wholly green under surface separates M/. fulvipes, Reiche, 
from MM. bicolor, versicolor, and klugi. 


N. African, Mediterranean, and Asiatic Forms. 


pene segments 3-5 of ¢ without linear depressed areas, 
. Prothorax and elytra metallic, abdomen and legs 
estan 
. Metasternum testaceous ; joint 1 ofintermediate, or 
of intermediate and posterior, tarsi dentiform in e Nos. 65, 66. 
62. Metasternum fulvous or metallic ; tarsisimpleingd. Nos. 67, 68, 
b', Prothorax, under surface, and legs tufescent, elytra 
MEU LIeTes DENICHe Tg eon ey tee den wc ov sa se aetayy Nos. 69-71, 
b. Ventral segments 3-5 of ¢ with linear, depressed, ciliate 
_, areas in ae [Zyeia, s. str. ] 
1, Prothorax, elytra, and metasternum metallic, abdo- 
ICMMLCSURE COUN ga oc gids winrays oi8 86) aj va wre ye eat No. 72. 
ie Prothorax and elytra metallic, under surface testaceous No. 73, 
. Prothorax and under surface testaceous elytra metallic No. 74. 
A Prothorax, elytra, and under surface testaceous ; head 


TOSPLAtes ee ee Pete ince deta keer Skat arena’ Seecct oe ee 


208 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


65. Melyris klugi. 
Zygia klugt, Baudi, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1873, p. 315 (3); Schilsky, 
" Kaf. Europ. xxxiv. No. 91 (dg 2) (1897)*. 
Melyris bicolor, Gorh. Ann. Mus. Genova, xviii, p. 600 (1888) (nec 
Fabr.) *. 
Melyris fulvipes, Klug, in litt. (nee Reiche). 


g. Anterior and intermediate trochanters each with a 
matted pencil of stiff fuscous hairs at the base beneath; 
intermediate tibize feebly curved ; intermediate tarsi (fig. 5) 
with a slender sharp spur-near the base of the first joint 
beneath; ventral segment 5 transversely excavate in the 
centre, broadly hollowed at the apex, 6 smoother, short, exca- 
vate on each side of the convex median portion, narrowly 
notched at tip; median lobe of wzdeagus slightly curved and 
gradually narrowed distally, the apex blunt ; tegmen set 
with pallid hairs at tip. 


Fig. 5. 


Melyris klugi, Baudi, 3. 


?. Antenne shorter than in ¢; coxe and tarsi simple ; 
ventral segment 5 hollowed down the middle, 6 cleft, black. 

Var.? The metasternum metallic (¢ ?). 

Hab. Arasia '** (Mus. Oxon.), Aden, Lahej, Jeddah, El 
Hedjaz, Yemen, Muscat (Mus. Brit., Mus. Genoa), La Ache 
(?=Lahej] (Dabbene, in Mus. Oxon.); Somaritann, Artic 
(Mus. Genoa); Asyssinta?? (Laffray, in Mus. Brit.), Scioa 
[Shoa], Massaua (Mus. Genoa) ; ? Keyrr??, 

A common insect on the Arabian border of the Red Sea, 
extending to Somaliland and Abyssinia, the sexes being in 
about equal numbers in the fifty examples of it in the 
British Museum. Baudi and Schilsky distinguished M. klugi 
from the similarly coloured M. bicolor, Fabr., from Ugypt, 
&c., by the non-plicate ventral segments 3-5 in g (these 
segments in the ¢ ¢ of WM. bicolor, versicolor, oblonga, and 
rostrata having a transverse, linear, flavo-ciliate fold or 
depression on each side) ; but they overlooked the spur on 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 209 


the basal joint of the intermediate tarsi in that sex. The 
present species may be known by its shining blue or green 
upper surface, the rufo-testaceous labrum, basal half of 
antennz, under surface (the meso- and metathoracic 
episterna wholly or in part excepted*), and legs (the tips 
of the tarsi excepted) ; the slightly rounded sides of the pro- 
thorax, which is suleate down the middle and has a sharp, 
almost straight lateral carina; the posteriorly attenuate, 
sharply tricostate elytra (the outer ridge sometimes abbre- 
viated posteriorly), with four or five irregular rows of fine 
punctures in the interspaces; and the very long tarsal claws, 
which are toothed near the tip. The @-characters are 
remarkable. Two examples labelled ‘“ Arabia,’ in the 
British Museum, with the metasternum metallic, seem to 
belong here. 


66. Melyris bicalcarata, sp. u. 


Elongate, rather convex, shining ; blue or bluish-green, 
the under surface and legs (except the tarsal claws in ¢ 
aud the tarsi wholly in 9, which are infuscate or black), 
and the basal 4 or 5 joints of the antenne, rufo-testaceous, 
the outer joints of the latter black; sparsely pubescent, 
the hairs on the under surface longer, those at the tip 
of the abdomen very long, fulvous. Head short, coarsely, 


Fig. 6. 


Melyris bicalcurata, 3: 6, intermediate tarsus ; 7, posterior carsus, 


closely umbilicate-punctate ; antenne short. Prothorax 
transverse, gradually arcuately narrowing from near the 
base, the hind angles somewhat obtuse, the lateral carina 
very sharp and feebly sinuate; rather coarsely, not very 
closely punctate, suleate down the middle and foveate 
in the centre at the base. Hlytra much wider than the 
prothorax, long; sharply tricostate, the interspaces with 
about four rows of confluent, moderately coarse punctures, 


* Schilsky’s var. b, dubia, has the metathoracic episterna rufescent,. 


210 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


the inferior margin feebly crenulate. Tarsal claws very 
long, feebly toothed near the tip. Trochanters each with a 
small tuft of long bristly hairs at the base beneath in both 
SEXES. 

3. Intermediate (fig. 6) and posterior tarsi (fig. 7) with 
the basal joint drawn out into a jong, stout, curved spur at 
the apex beneath, 2 oblique; ventral segment 5 with a 
transverse arcuate depression in front of the apical emar- 
gination, 6 short, not arched at the tip; median lobe of 
edeagus blunt at the apex. 

Length 7-9, breadth 8-32 mm. (¢ 2.) 

Hab. Arasia, Lahej (Col. Yerbury: ¢), El Hedjaz and 
Yemen (Millingen: 3 2). 

Three males and two females. Extremely like M. klugi, 
and occurring at the same localities, but separable therefrom 
by the very coarsely punctured head and the apically pro- 
duced, spur-like basal joint of the middle and hind tarsiin ¢. 
The insect provisionally identified as M. (Zygia) notaticollis, 
Pic, type from Obock, has very similar tarsal characters. 


67. Melyris cucullata, sp. n. 


¢. Elongate, moderately shining, the elytra dull; bluish- 
green, the lower surface (including the sternal side- pieces), 
joints 1-5 of the antenne, and legs (the black tarsi excepted) 
rufo-testaceous, the rest of the antennz black; very finely 
pubescent, the lower surface with longer pallid hairs, the 
abdomen with long black hairs at the tip. Head short, 
coarsely umbilicate-punctate; antenne somewhat loosely 
articulated. Prothorax slightly flattened on the disc, a little 
broader than long, trapezoidal, the sides crenulate, sinuate 
towards the base, the hind angles sharp and directed out- 
ward ; alutaceous and rather sparsely punctured, canalicu- 
late, the lateral carina sharp, sinuate, the anterior margin 
strongly raised. Hlytra long, subparallel, much wider than 
the prothorax ; tricostate, the imterspaces rugulose, with 
about four rows of rather fine punctures. ‘T'rochanters each 
with a long, coarse, blackish seta. ‘'l'arsi simple, the claws 
long, toothed near the tip. Ventral segment 5 broadly 
hollowed at apex, 6 exeavate on each side of the convex 
median portion, triangularly emarginate at tip, the pointed 
apex of the median lobe of the edeagus visible in the aperture. 

Length 81, breadth 3% mm. 

Hab. Arasia, Yemen (Muillingen). 

One male. This imsect has the general shape of the 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 211 


Abyssinian J/, pectoralis and quadricollis, differing from 
both of them in the wholly fulvous under surface, and the 
sparsely punctured prothorax, with outwardly-directed hind 
angles and very strongly raised anterior margin. The more 
elongate form, the less convex, differently shaped prothorax, 
simple g tarsi, &c., separate the present species from M, klugi 


and icalenratn: 


68. Melyris cyanopectus, sp. n 


3. Oblong-oval, rather broad, cyaneous or bluish-green, 
the legs and abdomen (the tarsi “wholly or in part, and the 
sixth ‘ventral segment in ?, excepted), and joints 1-5 of 
the antenne, rufo-testaceous, the outer joints of the latter 
black ; sparsely, finely pubescent, the hairs on the entire 
under surface rather long and flavescent, the abdomen 
fringed with long hairs at the tip, which are fulvous in ¢ 
and black in ¢. Head small, short, coarsely, closely punc- 
tate; antenne short. Prothorax convex, strongly transverse, 
rounded at the sides anteriorly, suleate down the middle, 
and with a sharp, feebly sinuate lateral carina; the punctur- 
ing sparse on the disc, coarser, closer, and reticulate at the 
sides. Elytra broad, subparallel in ¢, somewhat rounded 
at the sides in 2; sharply tricostate, the interspaces with 
four rows of moderately coarse punctures, the lateral 
margins slightly explanate, crenulate at the apex inferiorly. 
Tarsi simple in the two sexes, the claws long, toothed near 
the tip. 

9. Ventral segment 5 broadly, feebly, arcuate-emarginate, 
6 narrowly exposed, emarginate at apex; median lobe of 
eedleagus pone rounded at tip. 

Length 73-84, breadth 33-4 mm. (¢ ?.) 

Hab. Apanta. Lahej (Col. Yerbury, in Mus. Brit.: 3), 
Yemen and La Ache (Dabbene, in Mus. Genoa, iv. 1884: 3 2). 

Two males and five females, including a pair taken “in 
copula” by Dabbene. Broader and less parallel-sided than 
M. klugi, bicalcarata, and M, bicolor, especially in 2 ; the 
head coarsely punctured, the prothorax more transverse, 
the elytra with the lateral margins more prominent and the 
coste sharper, the metastérnum blue, the tarsi simple in 
the two sexes. The sharply costate, more coarsely punctured 
elytra, the coarsely punctate he: ad, and the simple ventral 
segments 3-5 of ¢, separate M. cyanopectus from M. versi- 
color, Chevr. The localities quoted as ‘‘ Lahej” and “ La 
Ache” are doubtless different spellings of the same name. 


212 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


69. Melyris scutellaris. 


Zyyia scutellaris, Muls. Mém. Acad. Lyon, 1. p. 190 (1851)!; Opuse. 
Ent. 1. p. 50 (1852); § Schilsky, Kaf. Europ. xxxiv. No. 95 (2 ) (1897)°. 
Melyris sp. ?, Champ. Ent. Mo. Mag. |. p. 78 (1914)?. 


3S. Ventral segments 3-5 without linear folds, 5 foveate 
in the middle, 5 feebly, and 6 deeply, emarginate, 6 bi- 
impressed. 

Hab. Aucerta, Biskra, Boghar; Tuntsta, Tozeur* (G.C.C.). 

A @ captured at Tozeur in May 1913, a locality to the 
south-east of Biskra, is almost certainly a form of this 
species. It has a bright red scutellum and wholly black, 
sharply tricostate elytra; the tarsal claws moderately long 
and feebly toothed at about the middle, as in Zygia oblonga, 
F., the tooth being placed near the tip in the similarly- 
coloured insect here referred to M. (Zygia) notaticollis, Pic. 
A pair in the Oxford Museum, labelled ‘‘ Zygia oblonga,” 
without locality, from which the above-noted 3 -characters 
are taken, must also belong here; they have blue elytra and 
the head testaceous in front; the tarsi, unfortunately, are 
wanting in the ¢. The female only of Z. scutellaris appears 
to have been seen by Mulsant and Schilsky. 


70. Melyris notaticollis. 
? Zygia notaticollis, Pic, L’Echange, xxi. p. 180 (1905). 


¢. Intermediate and posterior tarsi with the basal joint 
drawn out into a sharp curved spur at the apex beneath ; 
ventral segments 3-5 without linear folds, 5 foveate im the 
middle, feebly emarginate at apex, 6 bi-impressed and 
deeply emarginate ; median lobe of wdeagus rather broad, 
subtruncate at tip. 

Hab. N.E. Arrica, Obock in French Somaliland (type of 
Pic). 

A male without locality-label, received many years ago by 
the British Museum, is referred to this species. It is very 
like Zygia oblonga, F., but differs from the same sex of that 
species in wanting the ciliate linear folds on the ventral 
segments 3-5, and in haying the basal joint of the inter- 
mediate and posterior tarsi dentiform, as in the same sex of 
the Arabian MM. bicalearata. This species has the front 
of the head, the antennee to near the tip, the prothorax (an 
oblong infuscate patch on the posterior part of the disc 
excepted), scutellum, legs, and under surface testaceous, 
the rest of the head black, and the elytra nigro-ceruleous ; 
the prothorax transversely subquadrate, and less narrowed 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 213 


in front than in Z. oblonga ; the elytra more sharply costate 
than in the last-named insect ; the tarsal claws very long 
and feebly toothed near the tip. 


71. Melyris erythrodera, sp. n. 


?. Elongate, rather broad, moderately shining, sparsely 
pubescent ; obscure rufo-testaceous, the head, palpi, labrum, 
joints 5-10 of antennze, sides of scutellum, and tips of the 
tarsi black, the elytra obscure bluish-green ; the head and 
prothorax punctulate and coarsely, closely reticulate. Head 
and antenne short, joints 5-11 of latter broad. Prothorax 
transverse, convex, rounded at the sides, narrowed anteriorly, 
deeply sulcate, the lateral carina prominent and almost 
straight, the hind angles obtuse. LElytra long, considerably 
wider than the prothorax, subparallel, produced at the apex ; 
tricostate, the interspaces closely, rather coarsely quadri- 
seriate-punctate, the inferior margin crenulate. Tarsal 
claws rather sharply toothed beyond the middle. 

Length 94, breadth 4mm. 

Hab. Invia, ? Barrackpore (Maj.-Gen. Sir John Hearsay). 

One specimen, presented to the British Museum in 1861. 
This example, according to the Register of that Institution, 
is one of many insects captured by the donor, at Barrack- 
pere, Mussoorie, Punjab, &c., but the exact locality for each 
of them is not stated. The similarly coloured M. (Zygia) 
oblonga, F., extends to the Persian Gulf, so there can be 
little doubt as to the present insect occurring in the drier 
parts of India. The coarser sculpture of the prothorax and 
the strongly punctured, sharply tricostate, attenuate elytra 
bring WM. erythrodera near M, (Zygia) notaticollis, Pic, from 
Obock ; and the carinate prothorax distinguishes it from 
the species of Pseudozygia occurring in Somaliland. 


72. Melyris versicolor. 


ee versicolor, Chevr, in Guérin’s Icon. Régne Anim, p. 50! (1829- 
44), 
Lygia ee Schilsky, Kéf. Europ. xxxiv. No. 90 (¢ 2) (1897). 
Hab. Mepiterranean Recton, Spain, Corsica, Sardinia, 
&e.; Asta Minor; Syria; Atcerta ; Ecypr; Arasta. 
There are about a dozen examples of WM. versicolor in the 
three collections before me. It is a form of M. bicolor, F., 
with the metasternum metallic. The @-characters are 
similar. The allied Zyyia longicollls, Schilsky (1897), from 
Turkey and Cyprus, ? only known, has the entire under 
surface green. 


214 Mr. G. ©. Champion on the 


73. Melyris bicolor. 


Melyris bicolor, Fabry. Syst. Kleuth. i. p. 311 (1801)1; Baudi, Berl. 
ent. Zeitschr. 1875, p. 315”. 
Zygua bicolor, Schilsky, Kaf. Kurop, xxxiv. No. 92 (¢ @) (1897) *. 

‘* M. supra coerulescens, subtus ferrugineus. Statura omnino JV. 
viridis, at minor. Caput ceerulescens. Thorax utrinque linea 
elevata ccerulescens. Elytra punctata, lineis tribus elevatis 
exterioribus sensim abbreyiatis. Corpus cum pedibus rufum.” 
(Fabr.) 


3. Basal joint of intermediate tarsi unarmed ; veutral 
segments 8-5 with a transverse, oblique, fulvo-pubescent 
depression on each side, 5 broadly, feebly emarginate at 
apex, 6 almost smooth and without definite depressions. 

Hab. Eayrt, Cairo! (Alus. Genoa: 2); Syrta?; Arabia, 
Hedjaz (Millingen, ex coll. Sharp: 2). 

M. bicolor, as restricted by Baudi and Schilsky, has the 
entire under surface (the metasternal side-pieces wholly or 
in part in both sexes, and the sixth ventral segment in 2, 
excepted) fulvous ; the elytral costz are rather feeble, being 
almost obsolete (as in J. fulvipes, Reiche) in a ¢ from 
Hedjaz in the Sharp collection. The ¢ tarsal and abdominal 
characters, and the less prominent elytral coste, separate 
M. bicolor from M. klugi, Baudi. There are three females 
of the Fabrician insect in the Genoa Museum. 


74. Melyris oblonga. 


Zygia oblonga, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 126 (1775); Schilsky, Kaf. Kurop. 
xxxiyv. No. 94 (¢' 2 ) (1897). 


d. Ventral segments 3-5 with a transverse, linear, flayo- 
pubescent, depressed space on each side, 5 and 6 emarginate 
at apex, 6 bi-impressed. 

Hab. MrepirerranrEaN Recron; Atceria: Asia Minor; 
Arabia; Mersororamta: Prrstan Gur, Fao (W. EL. 
Cumming : vy. 1891). 

A widely distributed insect, femalcs largely preponderating 
in the series examined. The elytra vary in colour—viola- 
ceous, blue, or black—and the scutellum and clytral margins 
are sometimes red (=var. mulsanti, Schilsky), or the epi- 
pleura red (var. limbata, Pic). The plicate ventral segments 
in g separate M. (Zygia) oblonga from all the similarly 
coloured forms except M. (Zygia) reitteri, Heyd,, from 
Tripoli, which does not seem to be represented in the 
material before me. 


African and_ Asiatic Species of Melyris. 215 


75. Melyris rostrata. 
Zygia rostrata, Reiche, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1857, p. 184, t. 5. fig. 2; 
Schilsky, Kaf. Hurop. xxxiv. No. 87 (¢ 2) (1897). 

g. Ventral segments 2-5 with a transverse flavo-ciliate 
fold or depressed area on each side extending from near the ~ 
middle to not far from the outer margin, 5 and 6 emarginate 
at apex, 6 smoother and bi-impressed. 

Hab. Syxita; PALestTIne. 

There is a long series of this species in the British Mu- 
seum and several others at Oxford, some of which are from 
Jerusalem. Five males seen. Recognizable by the fulvous 
body and narrow, black, rostrate head, the terminal abdominal 
segment in 2 also infuscate or black. An allied narrower 
form from Sinai, with the metasternum infuscate, has been 
named Zygia sinaila by Pic (1913). 


Section II. 


Prothoracie caring wanting. 


a. Prothorax convex or gibbous, red, elytra metallic. {Subgen. PsEupo- 
zYGIA, Pic. | 


76. Melyris argodi. 
Pseudozygia argodi, Pic, L’Echange, xvii. p. 26 (1901). 


g. Ventral segment 5 broadly, deeply emarginate, 6 
obliquely excavate towards the sides, notched at the tip. ° 

Hab. BE. Arrica, Berbera [type], Somaliland (Greenfield, 
in Mus. Brit.: 3). 

A male from Somaliland, received in 1894, seems to be a 
variety of this species with the black portion of the legs 
extending to the tarsi, tibie, and tips of the femora. It has 
the prothorax broad, transversely gibbous, opaque, and 
densely, shallowly reticulate ; the elytra shorter and less 
acuminate than in M. (P.) rubricollis (type ¢ ), brilliant 
violaceous, the interspaces very coarsely, irregularly, trans- 
versely plicate, as well as confusedly punctate, the three 
cost sinuate and crenulate ; the tarsal claws feebly toothed, 
towards the tip. 


77. Melyris cyanipennis, sp. ui. 


Elongate, rather broad, convex, moderately shining, finely 
pubescent ; fulvous, the head, palpi, outer joints of antenne, 
sides of scutellum, tar-al claws, and terminal segment of 
abdomen in 2, black, the elytra cyaneous ; the head densely, 


216 MivGiiG Champion on the 


the prothorax a little more sparsely, punctulate and reticulate ; 
the abdomen fringed with long hairs at the tip. Head and 
antenne short, the joints 5-11 of latter moderately widened. 
Prothorax transverse, gibbous, rounded at the sides, nar- 
rowed in front ; the thickened anterior margin projecting 
forward over the head, the disc obsoletely grooved, the lateral 
carina wanting. Elytra moderately elongate, subparallel, 
very little wider than the head, rounded at the apex ; tri- 
costate, the interspaces transversely wrinkled and confusedly 
triseriate-punctate. Tarsal claws long, feebly toothed towards 
the tip. 

3. Ventral segment 5 deeply emarginate, 6 convex along 
the middle and hollowed on each side of this, notched at 
the tip. 

Length 8-9, breadth 85 mm. (¢ 2.) 

Hab. FE. Arnica, Somaliland (Greenfield, in Mus. Brit.). 

Two males and one female, sent with a g of M. (Pseudo- 
zygia) argodi from the same country. Much smaller than 
that insect ; the prothorax less densely reticulate (the inter- 
spaces shining), the disc rounded and less gibbous in ¢ ; 
the elytral sculpture much finer; the legs almost wholly 
fulvous. Compared with the much larger WM. (P.) rubri- 
collis, the type (2) of which from Hauacio has been lent 
me by Dr. Gestro, the elytra are relatively shorter and 
narrower, and have less prominent humeral callosities and 
more sparsely, punctured interspaces. 


b. Prothorax moderately convex, black. [*Subgen. MELYRIDELLA, n,n. | 


a’. Body black or metallic. 
a’. Elytra moderately long, legs in part testaceous. 
FoRe belch Brs + 2 315 oid Gator anaes 6. No. 78: 
b*. Hlytra very elongate, legs black. [Abyssinia] .... No. 79, 
b', Body in part black, elytra, abdomen, and legs tes- 
taceous, [Damaraland |. ..0..-6 cannes te ve eit nis No. 80. 


78. Melyris excisa, sp. n. 


@. Moderately elongate, depressed, widened posteriorly, 
moderately shining, sparsely pubescent ; cyaneous, the legs 
“and abdomen rufescent, the tarsi slightly infuscate, the 
antennee black, the abdomen fringed with long, fine, fulvous 
hairs at the tip ; the head and prothorax densely punctulate 
and reticulate. Head rather small, short, bisuleate an- 
teriorly, the eyes rather prominent ; antennz short, joint 5 


* Includes MW. granulata, F., and its N. African and Asiatic allies. 


African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 217 


sharply triangular, 6-10 produced on the inner side into a 
dentiform ramus, 1] concavo-truncate at the apex. Pro- 
thorax strongly transverse, arcuately narrowed from the base 
forward. the base itself feebly sinuate, the hind angles obtuse ; 
without lateral carina or definite median groove, the margins 
narrowly explanate. Elytra broader than the prothorax, 
widening to near the apex, the margins explanate from a 
little below the shoulder to the sutural angle, the inferior 
edge crenulate throughout ; sharply tricostate, the inter- 
spaces feebly transversely wrinkled, coarsely biseriate- 
punctate, and each with an intermediate row of smaller 
punctures. Ventral segments very sparsely, minutely punc- 
tate; 5 truncate at apex, 6 depressed in the middle anteriorly. 
Legs slender, comparatively short ; tarsal claws rather small, 
sharply toothed near the base. 

Length 44, breadth 2 mm. 

Hab. S.E, Arrica, Umfuli (G. A. K. Marshall: ix. 1895). 

One specimen. A small, oblong, depressed, metallic blue 
insect, with rufescent legs and abdomen, agreeing with M. 
testaceipes, Fairm. (1888), from Owampo, in wanting the 
marginal carina on the prothorax, a character common to the 
Palearctic M. granulata, F., and its allies. M. testaceipes, 
length 7 mm., must have a longer prothorax, more rounded 
elytra, &c., than the present species. M. obscuritarsis, Pic 
(Col. Rundschau, i. p. 53, 1912), from the Panzani Falls, 
compared with M. lineata, Fabr., by its describer, is some- 
what similarly coloured; but these forms have a laterally 
carinate prothorax. i 


79. Melyris longipennis, sp. n. 


g. Elongate, narrow, somewhat depressed, moderately 
shining, the head, prothorax, and scutellum subopaque; black, 
the elytra brassy green, the prothorax and under surface with 
a faint bluish tinge ; fusco-pubescent, the abdomen fringed 
with long blackish hairs at the tip; the head and prothorax 
densely punctate and finely reticulate. Head short, small : 
antenns rather short, jomts 5-10 broad. Prothorax trans- 
verse, gradually narrowed from near the base, depressed 
laterally aud obliquely grooved on each side of the median 
sulcus, the lateral carina wanting, the hind angles obtuse. 
Elytra much wider than the prothorax, elongate, subparallel, 
rounded at the apex ; rather sharply tricostate, the inter- 
spaces alutaceous and triseriate-punctate, the inferior margin 
crenulate. Ventral segment 5 slightly hollowed at apex, 


218 Mr. G. C. Champion on the 


6 excavate down the middle anteriorly, truncate at the tip. 
Legs long, slender; tarsal claws long, sharply toothed at 
about the middle. 

Length 61, breadth 25 mm. 

Hab. Axsysstnia, Scioa [Shoa], Let-Marefia (Ragazz2, in 
Mus. Genoa: v. 1885). 

One specimen, assumed to be g. An isolated form. with 
a small, subopaque, uneven, non-carinate, black prothorax, 
and very elongate, much broader, brassy-green elytra, the 
latter tricostate, with the imterspaces triseriate-punctate. 
This species looks out of place in the present genus, but it 
agrees with M. granulata, excisa, &c., in general structure. 


80. Melyris fulvipennis, sp. 0. 


g. Oblong-oval, shining, thickly fulvo-pilose ; black, the 
three basal joints of the antenne, the elytra and legs (the 
infuseate apices of the tarsi excepted), the apical halves of 
the ventral segments 1-4, and 5 almost entirely, fulvous or 
testaceous ; the head and prothorax densely punctulate and 
reticulate. Head short ; antenne somewhat elongate, sharply 
serrate from the fourth joint. Prothorax convex, rounded 
at the sides, narrowed anteriorly, sulcate, without lateral 
carina, the margins crenulate. lytra moderately long, 
much broader than the prothorax, conjointly rounded at the 
apex; obsoletely tricostate, the interspaces closely, rather 
coarsely triseriate-punctate, the inferior margin crenulate. 
T'arsal claws toothed beyond the middle. 

Length 62, breadth 23 mm. 

Hab. S.W, AFRICA, Damaraland (Mus. Oxon.). 

One specimen, bought at Stevens’s sale rooms in 1865. 
Easily identified by the fulvous vestiture, elytra, and legs, 
and the non-carinate prothorax, the position of the carina 
indicated anteriorly by a line of fulvous hairs. The only 
Melyris at all resembling it in colour is M. atriceps, Pic, 
from Cape Colony ; the two other S. African members of 
the genus with a similar prothorax are metallic. 


Alphabetical numbered list of species of Melyris, Zygia, and 
Pseudozygia enumerated in the present paper; those 
marked with an asterisk are described as new. 


abdominalis, 21. apicalis, 17, 
albicoma, 36. argodi, 76, 
alluaudi, 29. *atricornis, 44. 


anceyl, n. n., 49. *aurescens, 7, 


African and Astatie Species of Melyris. 219 


bequaerti, 23. 
*bicalcarata, 66. 
bicolor, 73, 
*brevicollis, 41. 
*capensis, 9. 
*ciliativentris, 8. 
*circumsepta, 54. 
*congoensis, 16, 
conicicollis, 57. 
corrosa, 56. 
*cucullata, 67. 
*cyanipennis, 77. 
*cyanopectus, 68. 
*denticulata, 18. 
discoidalis, 51. 
elongata, 22, 
*erythrodera, 71. 
*excisa, 78. 
festiva, 638. 


*flavofemorata, 33. 


*flavopectus, 27. 
*foveolata, 28. 
*fulvipennis, 80. 
fulvipes, 64, 
gestroi, 59. 
*hacquardi, 39, 
incompleta, 35, 
insularis, 55. 
*itigiensis, 38. 
klugi, 65. 
*leetula, 11. 
*laxicornis, 2. 
lemairei, 25. 
limbifera, 52. 
lineata, 6. 
*longipennis, 79. 
*luckmani, 32. 
*masaiensis, 31. 


mecklenburgi, 30. 


natalensis, 12. 
nigra, 3. 
nigripes, 24. 
nobilis, 37. 
notaticollis, 70. 
oblonga, 74. 
pallidiventris, 34. 
*parallela, 61. 


parvula, 40. 
pectoralis, 60. 
*pilicollis, 58. 
*piligera, 42. 
pleuralis, 47. 
pubescens, 5. 
*quadricollis, 62. 
*quinqueseriata, 15. 
rostrata, 76. 
rubrocincta, 53. 
rufiventris, 14. 
*yufomarginata, 4. 
ruspoli, 50, 
sansibarica, 26. 
scutellaris, 69. 
*serrata, 43. 
subcostata, 20. 
suleicollis, 13. 
*umbilicata, 19. 
*uniformis, 46, 
versicolor, 72. 
*violacea, 10. 
*virens, 45. 
viridinitens, 48. 
viridis, 1. 


SYNONYMS AND VARIETIES. 


zeruginosa, 60. 
atripilosa, 56. 
ciliata, 6, 8. 
dubia, 65, 
hemorrhoidalis, 60. 
interstitialis, 13. 
limbata, 74. 
monticola, 29. 
mulsanti, 74. 
nigrita, 3. 
onychina, 56, 
rollei, 52. 
subapicalis, 24. 
*varipes, 15. 
ventralis, 21. 
versicolor, 49. 
viridipennis, 24. 
viridiventris, 37. 


220 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


XXIV.—A Contribution to the Study of South Indian 
Arachnology. By W. Rat Suerrirrs, M.A., D.Sc., 
formerly Professor of Zoology, Madras Christian College, 


Madras. 
[Plates IT.-VI.] 


In the preface to his volume on the ‘Arachnida’ (fauna 
of British India Series) Mr. R. I. Pocock says ‘all that has 
been attempted is to afford means of identifying the larger, 
commoner, better known and more widely distributed 
forms... It is to be hoped that the present work, by 
facilitating the study of Indian spiders, will increase the 
number of observers and collectors, so that at some future 
time a far more complete account of these animals may 
become practicable.” 

These sentences were penned in 1900 and during the 
intervening years no contributions have been made to this 
subject, excepting quite recent papers by Dr. Gravely of 
the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 

Thorell in his ‘Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma’ 
(written in Latin) and Pocock in his ‘Arachnida’ are 
purely descriptive, their aim being solely to enable their 
spiders to be identified. Simon in his vast work ‘ Histoire 
naturelle des Araignées? not only is systematic in his 
treatment, but also gives an account of the habits and 
customs of the different genera. As he deals with the spiders 
of the whole world, this part of the subject-matter is neces- 
sarily brief. 

In the present paper the emphasis is not on the systematic 
side, for the writer has attempted, for the first time in South 
India, to enumerate the spiders commonly found throughout 
the hills and plains, regardless of size or any other consider- 
ation, definitely noting localities; also to describe their 
general life, habits and associations, the nature of the webs, 
their stabilimenta, and the cocoons with contained. eggs. 

With regard to the localities a few words of explanation 
are necessary. The spiders were collected during 1914-18 
from three distinct regions—(1) the plains of South India 
represented by Madras city and the country around for 12 
miles to the north (Knnur) and 35 miles to the south 
(Chingleput), (2) the hills, principally the Nilgiris, (3) 
central upecountry Ceylon. ‘These three distinct regions 
differ widely in their rainfall, and therefore in the relative 
abundance of spiders throughout the year. Around Madras 


South Indian Arachnology. 221 


and the plains of the Carnatic the rainfall is about 50 inches 
per annum ; on the Nilgiris anything from 50-160 inches, 
while in the Dolosbage district of Ceylon it is 250 inches. 
The reason for the prolific rainfall in Ceylon is that it gets 
both the south-west and the north-east monsoons, while the 
Coromandel Coast of South India receives only the north- 
east which bursts at the middle of October and recurs at 
intervals till January. Throughout the greater part of the 
year Madras is dry—in 1911 the rainfall from 1st January 
to 30th June was half an inch—and spiders are not common. 
As soon as the first burst of the monsoon is past, then they 
appear in large numbers and the webs of the Argiopide are 
abundant. 

On the Nilgiris the plateau gets both monsoons, the south- 
west bursting in full force against the western slopes, while 
the north-east, greatly diminished in strength, reaches the 
eastern slopes. Ootacamund, towards the centre of the 
plateau, receives a very little of the north-east but much 
more of the south-west. On the hills with the higher rain- 
fall spiders are common all the year round. The high 
rainfall of Ceylon ensures a far greater abundance of spiders 
at all times than can ever be foundin South India—excepting 
perhaps Cochin and Travancore, for there the vegetation is 
really tropical and insects are numerous. 

In the few cases where I have drawn and painted spiders, 
I have done so in order to show the beautiful natural colours 
which, so often being changed or totally destroyed in spirit- 
specimens, have never been seen by the Kuropean authorities 
to whom collections have been sent from the Kast. Members 
of seventeen families have been discussed, but all the 
Mygalomorph spiders, the Thomiside and Salticide (Attide), 
though commonly represented, I have in the present paper 
deliberately omitted. 


Madras, 
October 24, 1918. 


Uloboridz. 
ULoporus (Latr.), 1806. 


1. Uloborus geniculatus (Oliv.). 


This pretty grey and white spider is cosmopolitan in the 
Tropics, according to Simon, who has recorded it from Ceylon. 
McCook figured the web, cf. ‘American Spiders’ (i. figs. 
56,57, 163), and the cocoon is accurately described by Simon, 
vol. i. page 213. ‘The web is not laid horizontally, but 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 17 


922 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


almost vertically. The cocoon s about 7 mm. at greatest 
width, has from 6-10 lobes, and contains from 14-50 eggs. 
Thorell’s account of the cocoon is incorrect as regards colour 
(page 127). Gravely in the ‘Records of the Indian 
Museum,’ xi. pages 533, 534, has noted the association of 
Uloborids with Stegodyphus sarasinorum, Psechrus alticeps, 
Cyrtophora cicatrosa, and Gasteracantha brevispina. I have 
seen U. geniculatus associated with Nephila malabarensis. 
The spider is not a common one, and is never found in large 
numbers. I haye usually got it within outhouses. 

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon (February), 3000 feet ; 
Kayencolam, Travancore (July) ; Elliot’s Beach, Madras 
(August) ; High Court compound, Madras (February) ; 
Hillgrove, Nilgiris (May), 4200 feet; Ennur (September). 
As I have found the cocoons present on each of these 
occasions, these must be made regularly throughout the year. 
The spider is thus widespread over South India, both on the 
plains and also on the hills. Not previously reported from 
~ South India. 


Psechride. 
Psecurus (Thorell), 1878. 
2. Psechrus torvus (O. P.-Camb.) (PI. II. figs. 1, 2) 


comes out in the evenings and is nocturnal. Its web is 
large, of avery dense white, often projecting from under a 
stone on the banks of the roadsides, and ends in a tubular 
retreat within which the brown spider lurks inverted. The 
web is not a true dome, cf. ‘Cambridge Natural History,’ 
iv. page 399, nor is it sheet-like, ¢f. Pocock, page 210. 
Pocock’s figure, page 211, should be inverted, because the 
spider always moves inverted below its web. The calamis- 
trum is very short. 

P. torvus is very difficult to secure whole because of its 
very irregular and rapid movements on its web, cf. Simon, 
i, page 225. The dense white web which is sometimes quite 
big, as much as 2 feet at greatest length, is rivalled in its 
snowy whiteness by the smaller but similarly shaped web of 
the little Zschnothele dumicola (Poc.), a Dipleurid reported 
from Poona by Wroughton. Both P. torvus and J. dumicola 
occur together on the road-banks of the apcountry tea estates 
round Nawalapitiya, Ceylon. The web of Ischnothele is 
much smaller than that of Psechrus, and differs from it in 
that the tubular retreat spreads out to form the snare as an 
expanded sheet, upon which the spider moves after its victim. 


South Indian Arachnology. 223 


Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon (February-May), 3000 
feet. P. torvus (O. P.-C.) belongs to Ceylon; P. argentatus 
(Dol.) is Malayan, while P. alticeps (Poc.) is reported by 
Gravely from Cochin. 


Ccobiidz. 


(Kcostrus (Luc.), 1845. 
3. Ccobius sp. ? 


Quite recently, while on the hills, I found several spiders 
belonging to this group (family), which has only the single 
genus Ccobius. These of both sexes were taken while 
running actively on the outside wall of the house or from the 
corners of the inside walls of the bath-room. They are small 
spiders (2 mm. long) and prettily marked with black on a 
pale ground. ‘The cephalothorax dorsally edged with black, 
the ocular area is blackish, while the abdomen dorsally is 
black in front and elsewhere spotted in black. In the species 
now mentioned the eyes are of the usual type characteristic 
of the family, but in arrangement they are intermediate 
between the annulipes and concinnus groups mentioned by 
Simon (i. page 247). 

Locality. Coonoor, Nilgiris (April-May). Probably here 
first reported from India. 


Eresidez. 
STEGODYPHUS (Sim.), 1873. 


4, Stegodyphus sarasinorum (Karsch) 


is the common social spider found throughout South India. 
Mr, N. 8. Jambunathan thirteen years ago published an 
account of it in the ‘Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections,’ 
This spider is found both in the plains and on the hills and 
always on bushes round the end branches where the colony is 
built. Opuntia on the plains and Dodonea and Berberis on 
the hills are often found bearing the web-masses, but the 
spider builds quite readily on the netting round tennis-courts. 
These web-masses are easily recognized yards away and are 
often several feet above the ground. Centrally the web-mass 
forms a spindle, about 6x4" at the widest part, which is 
well aerated by many holes. Many threads, which are strong 
and viscid, connect up this spindle to the neighbouring 
branches. Jambunathan gives 40-100 as the number of 
spiders found within one spindle. I have not found many 
17 


294 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


above seventy. The web-mass has no definite architectural 
plan, and is very dirty and dusty and covered with the 
remains of victims, cf. flies, beetles, bugs, ants, grasshoppers, 
and dragonflies. 

The male is almost as large as the female. Both sexes are 
very inert when captured, and lie quite still if touched. ‘They 
work only during the darkness. 

The web-mass or central spindle is the ‘‘large saccular 
nest”? mentioned by Pocock. Many cocoons are present 
within the spindle, each measuring 6 mm. in diameter, as 
Jambunathan has already noted. The cocoons are white, 
densely spun and irregularly circular in outline, disc-shaped, 
and of one piece, which bursts in the middle when the young 
emerge. The number of eggs enclosed varies from 30-50 
almost. Gravely, in Rec. Ind. Mus. xi. plate 30, shows 
the nature of the web in detail. 

S. sarasinorum is tending to become a pest of tea in the 
Nilgiris, because the web-mass is woven closely round the 
tips of the branches of the tea-bushes, preventing the buds 
from developing and the tender leaves, gathered for tea- 
making, from forming. 

A planting friend who sent me the spiders had them 
named “ Tea Mealy Bug.”? He later sent me two cuttings 
of branches with the web-masses representing spiders from 
three bushes, 165 spiders in all, 128 9 , 36g, and 57 cocoons. 
Jambunathan gives the proportion of the sexes as ¢:92:: 
7:1, but my result yields ¢:9::1:3 roughly, with the 
@ much more numerous than the ¢, as they always are. In 
the case now cited, 2 acres out of a 9-acre block were affected 
at a level of 4000 feet, and as the tea-bushes were planted 
2500 to the acre the number of spiders present must have 
been very great. Since the growth of the colonies is not 
rapid and the spiders can easily be removed by hand and 
destroyed, there does not seem any likelihood of the spider 
ever becoming a serious pest, unless sheer neglect allows 
Stegodyphus to get a firm hold. Stegodyphus sarasinorum is 
is the only spider I have met with as yet that can be con- 
sidered of economic importance. 

Locality. Madras city ; Chingleput; Pamban (April), 
the desert, sandy region in the extreme south next Ceylon. 
Within Madras it is found throughout the year and so 
probably for the whole of South India. Kotagiri (6000 feet) 
and Hillgrove (4000 feet) on the Nilgiris (April—July) ; 
Ennur (September). At the end of September, while 
ascending the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, I saw from the 
train the web-masses of S. sarasinorum at Kolar Station 


South Indian Arachnology. 225 


(1250 feet), near Adderley Station (2398 feet), and ‘again 
near Hillgrove Station (3580 feet), but not above this level. 
These are the lower parts of the great Coonoor Ghaut. 


5. Stegodyphus socialis (Poc.). 


An allied species has been reported from Bangalore by 
Staunton. It is found on the Casuarina trees on Elliot’s 
Beach, just south of Madras city. 


Sicarlide, 


Representatives of the genera Lowosceles and Scytodes are 
both found in South India, but.are not common. 


LoxoOscELEs (Lowe), 1831. 


6. Loxosceles erythrocephala (C. L. Koch) 


I have got as a house-spider, found at the bottom of a big 
glass vase within a cupboard. It was living on an irregular 
web covering the bottom of the vase and bearing remains of 
the victims. 


7. Lowosceles sp. ? 


A pair were found beneath a heavy box on the verandah 
among dust associating with Chelifers. 

Lowosceles is not reported from the East by Simon, éf. i. 
p- 273, but by Thorell, cf p. 68. 

Locality. Madras city, all the year round within houses. 


ScyTopss (Latr.), 1804. 
8. Scytodes gilva (Dictis gilva), Thor, 

Also met with as a house-spider, slender with long legs 
black at the joints. Web consists of a very irregular mass 
of threads. Both Lowosceles and Scytodes are nocturnal 
only. 

Locality. Madras city within bungalows all the year 
round, 

These genera are probably found only on the plains. I 
have seen none on the hills. 

S. marmorata (C. L. Koch) and S, pallida (Dol.) are 
Malayan. The latter lives within curled up leaves after the 
manner of Clubionids and Theridiids, ef. Sim. i. p. 276. 
Such Theridiids and Clubionids are common here on the 


226 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


Beach on the bushes there, but I have not yet found Scytodes 
living in this fashion. S$. untvittata (Sim.) is recorded 
from India. 


Prodidomide. 
ZimIRIS (Sim.), 1882. 
9. Zimiris doriai? 

A very delicate, small, nocturnal spider, found always at 
night running on the walls of rooms within the bungalow. 
Entirely a house-spider and not at all common. Found often 
behind pictures on the walls, the web being just a few 
irregular threads on the back of the picture. Pair found 
together there, and as the male is said by Simon (i. p. 335) 
to be unknown, I give the following description :— 

g. 2mm. long; colours very much as in @ ; legs yellow 
and smooth; abdomen all round in front furnished with 
short silvery hairs, which contrast with the grey colour of 
the abdomen itself. Spinnerets long and very much as 
in § 3 cephalothorax yellow-brown dorsally and quite 
smooth ; palps robust and the palpal organ brown where the 
chitin is thick. As might be expected, the palpal organ 
greatly resembles that found in Prodidomus, cf. Simon, 
1, p. 330. 

5 caught running swiftly on the wall. When pursued it 
jumps like an Attid. When alive the colours are pale 
yellow, except the coxee, which are clear and almost trans- 
parent ; head and sternum clear ; abdomen light grey ; dark 
parts are the palpal organs, spinnerets, and feet, while the 
pair of front eyes are the darkest of all. Leg-span when at 
rest about 7 mm., almost twice this when extended. 

Simon records only one species from India, but does not 
give its name. Presumably it is this one. 

Locality. Madras city only, all the year round. Not 
obtained on the hills, Probably it is found throughout 
the plains. 


Drasside. 


Of this very large and difficult family I have met with 
only two members: Drassodes lapidosus (or one of that 
group) sent me from Palghat and Leptodrassus sp.? from 
within Madras city. ; 


South Indian Arachnology. 227 


DRASSODES ( Westr.), 1851. 
10. Drassodes lapidosus (Walck.) 


is taken by Simon as the type of his first group, ef 
i. p. 359. My specimen agrees with the description there 
given and may be D. lapidosus itself, which is reported by 
Simon from Central and Eastern Asia. The eyes in my 
specimen are exactly as figured by Simon in fig. 319, which 
gives the arrangement for D. lapidosus. As the specimen 
was sent me among others I have no idea as to where it was 
found and when. 
Locality. Palghat (June). 


LEPTODRASSUS (Sim.), 1878. 


11. Leptodrassus sp. ? 


agrees with Simon’s description (i. p. 363) and with his 
figure of the eyes for Leptodrassus femineus (i. p. 355). The 
teeth on the chelicera are two in number also. The only 
specimens I have got were all found within white woolly 
tufts of silk under the ledges of the old lighthouse in the 
High Court compound, Madras. ‘These spiders associate 
very closely with certain Attids. For, if the white mass be 
touched, usually the Attids emerge first and jump off, while 
the Drassid remains within its hollow. 
Locality. Madras city, all the year round. 


Zodariidz. 
CrYPTOTHELE (C. L. Koch), 1872. 


12. Cryptothele ceylonica (Camb.) 


was found .along with a Theridiid whose irregular web 
was over a few dried leaves, on which the Theridiid was 
resting beside her cocoon. Cryptothele was the exact colour 
of the withered leaves. 

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon (March). 


Hersiliida, 


HERSILIA (Sav.), 1827. 


13. Hersilia savignyt (Luc.). 


The only member of this family I have come across is 
Hersilia savignyt (Luc.), which is common in Madras. 


228 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


Simon (i. p. 445) states that Hersilia does not spin a web. 
Pocock (p. 240), however, is correct in saying Hersiliids spin 
at most a scanty web of irregular threads. I have seen 
FAA. savignyi, which is always found on tree-trunks, in the 
centre of a small circular web formed of very few threads 
with wide meshes, 

H. savignyt is extremely variable in colour, and it usually, 
but by no means always, resembles very much in colour the 
tree-trunk on which it is resting. Frequently you do not 
notice the spider till it moves. It varies from fawn to almost 
black, and I have seen on the same trunk at the same time 
both shades, the one practically invisible and the other 
extraordinarily conspicuous. 

Locality. Madras city, all the year round. Also from 
Carolina, Nilgiris, at 5600 feet. Not nearly so common on 
the hills as on the plains. 


Pholeide. 
The three well-known species described by Pocock (pp. 


238-240) are common spiders. Artema atlanta, Smeringopus 
elongatus, and Crossopriza lyoni are all present in South India 
as ordinary house-spiders. 


ArteMa (Walck.), 1837. 
14. Artema atlanta (Walck.) 


has the well-known habit of swinging up and down very 
rapidly on. its web when disturbed, probably to render itself 
less visible. Simon notes that the number of eggs is never 
considerable, but, though the usual number seems to be 
about 50, I have found close on 150. 

Locality. Madras city. 


SMERINGOPUS (Sim.), 1890. 
15. Smeringopus elongatus (Vinson). 


The female was found carrying as usual her cocoon in her 
mandibles. The cocoon contained 76 eggs. The pair were 
taken from the same web and lived together captives in the 
same bottle for ovet a week. I have seen this spider in the 
position depicted by Simon for Mecolesthus (fig. 439). 

Locality. Madras city (August); Nawalapitiya, Ceylon 
(April). 


South Indian Arachnology. 229 


CROSSOPRIZA (Sim.), 1893. 
16. Crossopriza lyoni (Black.). 


Its web lias sometimes a conical hollow, within which the 
spider rests inverted. 

All the three Pholcids are common either within houses or 
outside in the open, where they shelter under rocks or under 
the ledges of buildings. They are not at all common on 
the hills. 

Locality. Madras city (February—August). 


Theridiide. 
ARGYRODES (Sim.), 1864. 


The genus Argyrodes includes species usually considered 
parasitic on the webs of other spiders. These spiders are 
not really parasitic, but are commensals living at the same 
table as that of the much bigger Argiopid and: securing frag- 
ments of its food. Argyrode sargentatus, A. fissifrons, and 
A. argyrodes are found. 


17. Argyrodes argentatus (Camb.) 


are small silvery-backed spiders usually found on a few 
threads of their own at the back of the big web of an 
Argiopid. Argyrodes is most frequently got on the webs of 
Argiope, but also on those of Gasteracantha, Tetragnatha, 
Araneus, and Cyrtophora, The cocoon is very characteristic 
in shape and is always attached to withered stems some 
distance away from the big web. 

Locality, Madras city : common on webs on the trees of 
the Beach during the monsoon (October—January). 


18. Argyrodes fissifrons (O. P.-Camb.). 


Small red and white spiders with black legs, all from 
threads attached to the large web of Nephila malabarensis. 

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon. 

This species is said by Simon to be widespread in India 
and Malaysia, but I have seen it only in Ceylon. 

Argyrodes argyrodes is also reported by Simon (i. p. 501) 
to be common on the web of Cyrtophora citricola, but as yet 
I have seen neither of these. 


230 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


19. Argyrodes nigra (O. P.-Camb.) = Theridion nigrum 
(O. P.-Camb.) = Theridion oayurum (Thor.). 

A very small black spider with yellow legs, found without 
any web on the back of a convolvulus-leaf; very slow- 
moving, with the tips of the abdomen upturned ; accompanied 
on the same leaf by many small black ants which it 
closely resembled. 

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon. 

Argyrodes nigra is not an Argyrodes, but a Theridion. 
It is not a commensal like the others, both sexes of which 
are found together on the same big web. 


THERIDION (Walck.), 1805. 


Theridion is a large genus represented by the following 
common species. 


20. Theridion mundulum (C. L. Koch) = 7. amanum (Thor.). 


A very pretty little spider which I have found common on 
the Nilgiris with its very irregular web, near the centre of 
which is a withered leaf, below or within which the spider 
shelters itself. 


Locality. Kotagiri, Nilgiris (6000 feet) ; Madras Beach. 


21. Theridion rufipes (Luc,) 
is found indoors, sheltering in the corners of bath-rooms. 
The pair are got together within the same small irregular 
web. 
Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon; Kayencolam, ‘Tra- 
vancore. 


22. Theridion tepidariorum (C. L. Koch). 

Found within doors in corners of store-room, but also out- 
side in the open. 

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon; Kotagiri, Nilgiris ; 
Madras city. 

These three species (7. mundulum, T. rufipes, and T’. tepi- 
dariorum) are noted by Simon as having almost a worldwide 
distribution throughout the Tropics. 


ARIAMNES (Thor.), 1869. 


23. Ariamnes sp.? 


I possess two specimens of an Ariamnes from Madras. 
One is a male and 4 mm. long. It may be A. gracillimus 


South Indian Arachnology. 231 


(Thor.), described by Thorell from Burma. It is a very 
small delicate spider found on the bushes. The second is a 
female, but does not-at all agree in proportions with Simon’s 
illustration of the female of A. flagellum, cf. i. p. 498. It is 
only 4 mm. long also, 


Argiopida. 
This huge family includes the numerous orb-weavers 


(Epeiride). 
‘TETRAGNATHA (Latr.), 1804. 
24, Tetragnatha gracilis (Stol.). 


The small orb-web is said by Pocock to be always found 
over water, but this is not the case, for the spider and its 
web are often far from water, in such places as the wire- 
netting of the tennis court, doors of the bungalow, hedges, 
and bushes well away from water, as on the dry sandy beach 
of Madras. T. gracilis seems specially fond of making its 
web on the withered branches of spiky bushes. It is the 
smallest species mentioned by Pocock. The cocoon is a long, 
irregular, dark grey mass like a Rupert’s drop in shape and 
is always. attached to a withered branch. It is 30 mm. long 
and contained in the one examined 12 young spiders. 

Locality. Madras city; Nilgiris at Kotagiri; Madras 
Beach. 


25. Tetragnatha geniculata (Karscl) 


makes its big web always at sundown: the biggest of the 
three species mentioned by Pocock. Found on the hills with 
big webs over running water. 

Locality. Madras Beach ; Pykara, Nilgiris. 


26. Tetragnatha hasselti, var. birmanica (Thor.). 


Found on the bushes on the Beach associated with 
LT. geniculata. 


27. Tetragnatha mandibulata (Walck.). 


Found on a bush overhanging a well. @ laid 250 eggs 
within the test-tube the same night on which she was taken. 
Eggs within a central mass with diameter 6 mm. covered by 
light grey silk. 

Locality. Madras city, Madras Beach; Coonoor, Nilgiris 
(5600 feet). 


239 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


28. Tetragnatha sp. ? 


The commonest Tetragnathid I have discovered is one from 
Madras Beach. It greatly resembles 7. geniculata, but the 
jaws differ. Iach mandible has at its junction with the fang 
a large spine projecting straight in front. 

The webs of Tetragnatha never have a stabilimentum. 


Eucra (Sim.), 1881. 
29. Hucta sp. ? 


Associated with the Tetragnathids from the Madras Beach 
are found specimens of a Hucta, which builds its big orb-web 
at sundown also. It is easily recognized not by its shape 
and coloration, but by the slightly upturned long tip of the 
abdomen. ‘This species is probably Hucta caudicula (Karsch) 
reported from India by Simon, who, however, also records 
Ef. isidis which is common to Egypt as well as to India. 

The web of Hucta has no stabilimentum. 


OrsInoME (Thor.), 1890. 
30. Orsinome marmorea (Poc.). 


This spider I have met only once on the hills, where I 
was lucky enough to secure both sexes together. Simon 
(i. p. 733) remarks that he has no notes regarding its habits. 
The spiders are big (15 mm. 2, 10 mm. 3) and were found 
with their large orb-webs slung between bushes horizontally 
over swiftly running water. ach spider was at the centre 
of the web hanging inverted and almost touching the quickly 
flowing current. There is no stabilimentum on the web, 
which is almost a yard wide. Both sexes were thus found 
at noon on a dull misty day. Gravely has found them on 
the Cochin Ghauts at 1500 feet.. At the same spot I found 
closely associated Tetragnatha geniculata, Araneus mitratus, 
one Argiope, and Cyclosa sp. ‘The big webs otf Orsinome 
and of Tetragnatha geniculata were spun horizontally over 
the water a distance of one yard. Orsinome hung lowest 
next the stream, then J. geniculata. Above were the ver- 
tically placed webs of A. mitratus with the characteristic 
white stabilimentum, above these again the vertical webs of 
the Argiope, with those of Cyclosa at the top. All the webs 
depended from bushes growing at the water side. 

In appearance the sexes of Orsinome greatly resemble each 
other in colour, the colours being much duller than in 
Leucauge. The g Orsinome is almost as big as the ?. 

Locality. Pykara Falls, Nilgiris (6000 ft.). 


South Indian Arachnology. 233 


LeucauGe (White), 1841. 
Leucauge= Argyroepeira (Km.), 1884. 
31. Leucauge celebesiana (Walck.). 


Very common on its orb-web on almost any bush on the 
Nilgiris; web slung horizontally between the branches or 
bushes, the spider hanging inverted below the centre of 
the web. 

Locality. Madras city ; Nawalapitiya, Ceylon; Coonoor 
and Kotagiri, Nilgiris. 


32, Leucauge ditissima (Thor.). 


I have specimens resembling this species very much, but 
they have, when alive, on the abdomen three brilliant red 
dots which turn silvery after being kept in spirit. There is 
a pair of shoulder prominences. 

Locality. Peradeniya, Ceylon; Kotagiri. This species I 
have not found on the plains. 


33. Leucauge argentata (O. P.-Camb.). 


Found on orb-web like that of LZ. celebestana. 
Locality. Madras city ; Kotagiri, Nilgiris. Not pre- 
viously reported from South India. 


d4. Leucauge ventralis (Thor.). 


Spider with long fore-legs stretched out in front, ¢ and 9 
found resting on a twig of a tea-bush to which came a thread 
from the orb-web close by, stretched out below and between 
tea-bushes. The cephalothorax and legs in the living speci- 
men are bright green. 

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon; Carolina, Nilgiris (5600 feet) ; 
previously reported from Burma only. 


35. Leucauge (Callinethis) elegans (Thor.) = Argyroepeira 
fastigata (Sim). | 

Found on large orb-web between tea-bushes. @ laid egos 
in the specimen-tube the day after her capture. There ’ 
were 890 eggs within the cocoon. This species is easily 
recognized by the last pair of legs having a characteristic 
bushy pad of hairs on the distal half of each tibia. The 
fleecy cocoon measures 14 mm. and 5 mm, at greatest axes, 
The silk is yellowish. 


234 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon (3000 feet). 
In no case has the web of a Leucauge any stabilimentum. 
LL. celebesiana is by far the commonest species. 


36. I have also specimens of a small, beautifully silvery 
Leucauge. Both the g and ? were taken together from the 
centre of a small orb-web on the eaves of an outhouse. 
The ? has the abdomen dorsally beautifully marked in 
silver with a median line of chocolate-brown marks. 6 
much more slender and not so silvery. 

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon ; Coonoor, Nilgiris. I have 
not met with this species on the plains. ; 


NeEpPHILA (Leach), 1815. 
37. Nephila (Nephilengys) malabarensis (Walck.). 


Webs big and very irregular. Spider remains in a corner 
of the window in a tubular retreat of the web, resting here 
inverted during the day. ‘Two varieties found, one much 
darker than the other in colour and very closely resembling 
N. cruentatus (Fabr.) from Johannesburg. 

The compact egg-mass measures 19 x 11x19 mm. and is 
roughly egg-shaped. It shows very clearly through the 
loosely made outer wrapper of strong fibres. Total size of 
the fibrous cocoon is 30X16 mm. at greatest diameters. 
Number of eggs enclosed was 618, and the whole cocoon was 
attached to a withered leaf which had blown on to the web, 
which was on the outside of the bungalow window well up to 
the top of the glass panes. 

Argyrodes fissifrons was found commensal on this web. 
These small red and white spiders with black legs greatly 
resemble the tiny males of NV. malabarensis in size, shape, and 
colour, and probably benefit thereby. Many long, slender, 
black Cyclosa sp. were on their own webs close to the big one 
of N. malabarensis, while Uloborus geniculatus was also 
present on its own webs in the corners of the windows close 
to the big web. 

Locality. Dolosbage and Peradeniya Gardens, Ceylon. 


38. Nephila maculata (Fabr.). 


Got on its large orb-web on the roof of the verandah, A 
large, very handsome spider, but not so strikingly coloured as 
NN. malabarensis. 

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon. 

The webs of Nephila have no stabilimentum present. 


South Indian Arachnology. 235 


HERENNIA (Thor.), 1877. 
39. Herennia ornatissima (Dol.). 


A single ¢ found at the centre of her web in bright sun- 
shine on a tree-trunk. No stabilimentum. 
Locality. Yercaud, Shevaroy Hills (4500 feet). I have 


not seen it elsewhere. 


ARGIOPE (Sav.), 1827. 


Argiope lobata (Pallas) has been reported from Bellary by 
Simon and A, areuata (Sim.) from Bangalore by Staunton, 
but I have seen neither of these as yet. 


40. Argiope anasuja (Thor.) (Pl. IIL. figs. 3,4; PI. IV. 
fig. 5) is by far the commonest species round Madras and in 
South India generally. The web, often suspended between 
adjoining branches, is a large orb-shaped one with avery charac- 
teristic stabilimentum in the form of four white zigzag lines 
making a St. Andrew’s cross, The cross is not always com- 
plete, sometimes only one of the four lines being present. This 
stabilimentum usually begins with the top left part of the x or 
the whole left stroke of the x , then the top of the right stroke 
may be added, but the finished product is the regular x with 
the four parts all present. These white lines lie as continua- 
tions of the directions in which the spider holds its legs, ef. 
Pocock, p. 221, and serve as distinct supports to the spider. 

The cocoon measures between 4 and 5 cm. in length. It 
is long, irregular, resembling a curled up withered leaf, 
cylindrical, tapering to each end, but swollen in the centre 
by the compact mass of yellow eggs enclosed. It is grey- 
green and when opened a single egg-case contained 840 eggs, 
another 186 young spiders. 

The specimen shown in the photos was picked off by a 
mynah (Aeridotheres tristis), corresponding to our starling, 
the torn web, cocoon, and the small commensal Argyrodes all 
being left. In this instance the circular part of the web 
was 10 inches in diameter and the white cross (stabilimentum) 
2°5 inches along each stroke of the x, 

A. anaswja is the smallest species mentioned by Pocock 
(p. 226). He gives no good way of distinguishing readily 
between the species A. pulchella, A. undulata, A. anasuja, 
and A. taprobaniea, which are all closely allied forms. As 
several varieties of each species are known, a fact already 
pointed out by Gravely, and as Pocock in his key deals only 
with the 2, the various species will be much more easily 
determined once the ¢ are described systematically. 


236 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


The g A. anasuja is fairly common during the cold 
weather along with the 2 on the bushes of Madras Beach. 
It is very much smaller than the 2 and of a plain brown- 
purple. I have noticed on the bushes (1) the tiny ¢ on the 
same big web as the 9 but at the respectful distance from 
her, (2) the ¢ on a small web of his own either in front of 
or behind and parallel to the big web, (3) two g on the same 
web as the 9, (4) gd on same web as 2 but immediately 
behind her. The male measures 4 mm. and the female 
12 mm. Simon (i. p. 765) gives the size of the male as 
one-fifth that of the ?. 

The small immature 2 are often found, each on a small 
web of her own which has no stabilimentum proper, but 
sometimes the central part of the web is marked by a white 
lacework of stronger threads in the centre, against which the 
spider rests. 

The mature 2 is always found upon the stabilimentum at 
the centre of the vertical web head downwards. When 
alarmed she always raises her body outwards from the web, 
and then suddenly pops through the hole at the centre of the 
web behind her to the other side. 

Locality. Madras city and Beach; Chingleput. Seen 
but seldom on the Nilgiris at Kotagiri. 

The small commensals Argyrodes argentatus common on 
the big webs of the ? sometimes come close up to and touch 
the big Argiope’s leg, which she quickly moves away. She 
does not attack the small silvery intruder, which probably 
has very limited vision. 


41. Argiope taprobanica (Thor.). 

Very like A. anasuja in colour and appearance, and has 
the same type of stabilimentum. Its cocoon, however, is light 
green and triangular in outline, enclosing the compact 
central mass of eggs. Each side of the cocoon measures 
about 4:5 em. Probably the distinctive shape of the cocoon 
may be helpful as here in distinguishing the species and so 
in other cases. - 


Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon. 


42, Argiope emula (Walck.). 


Easily recognized because its abdomen is not pentagonal 
in outline. 

Locality. Nawalapitiya, Ceylon. 

Pocock in ‘ Marvels of the Universe’ (Hutchinson & Co.) 
calls Argiope by the trivial name of the X-ray spider, He 


South Indian Arachnology. 237 


considers that the white ribbons of the stabilimentum conceal 
the spider’s Jimbs from flies and algo from marauding wasps. 
To my mind they serve only as a background which shows up 
the spider’s limbs. The white may attract flies, but the 
ribbons are essentially a central support for the body of the 
spider, which remains on it throughout the day full in the 
suu’s rays, 


CyrTopHorA (Sim.), 1864. 
43. Cyrtophora (Araneus) cicatrosa (Stol.). (PI. IV. fig. 6.) 


Spider found within a wonderfully fine web, which. is 
roughly conical but may have several stages below the dome. 
This web commonly hangs under bushes of Opuntia or 
Yucea. Cyrtophora cicatrosa itself is beautifully coloured, 
dainty, and hangs downwards at the apex of the inverted 
bowl of the web. The cocoons are suspended vertically 
above the dome and external to it, all in line. They are 
whitish, but show up green in spirit. Gravely reports having 
found these spiders in communities with their webs, but 
I have got them always quite apart, each spider within its 
own web. ‘he commensal Argyrodes argentatus is present 
occasionally. 

The cocoon is 5 mm. long, bead-shaped, oval in outline 
with the inner coat very strong. I have found 20 young 
within the cocoon. The spider keeps adding to the number 
of cocoons, which therefore varies greatly. In the photo 
there were at first 3, then 7, and I have seen as many as 12 
all in line. 

The diameter of the base of the dome is usually about 
6 inches. Ceylon specimens are much darker in their 
markings than the Madras ones ; the colour of their cocoon 
is also deeper in shade, 

Locality. Madras, Ennur, Pallavaram ; Dolosbage, 
Ceylon ; Kayencolam, Travancore. 

This spider is not reported from Ceylon by Pocock. He 
classes Cyrtophora with Araneus, cousidering that no very 
important or constant character separates the two genera. 
IT agree with Simon (i. p. 773) that being so very different 
in the form of their webs, which recall those of Linyphia, 
that it is therefore convenient to keep the two separate. 
The genus Araneus, in the limited sense, contains already 
some 800 described species. 


Cyrtophora citricola (Forsk.). 
This, the type-species, is very widely distributed. It has 
Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 18 


238 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


been reported from Chingleput by Jambunathan, but I have 
not met with it as yet. 


44, Cyrtophora sp. 

I have also a very small Cyrtophora about 4 mm. long, 
the only one I have seen on the hills. Both sexes are very 
similar in size, shape, and colour, abdomen blackish with 
small white dots at sides; but unfortunately the two males 
obtained are immature, thus rendering identification im- 
possible. Both g¢ and 2 make the same type of web as 
C. cicatrosa, but the g web is less perfect. Spider rests 
under the top sheet of the web inverted as in the case of 
C. cicatrosa. No cocoons got. 

Locality. Carolina Estate, Coonoor, Nilgiris (April). 


Cyciosa (Menge), 1866. 


Epeiratrituberculata (Lucas) 
45. Cyclosainsulana (Costa) = J Epa anseripes (Walck.) 

Cyclosa propingua (Sim.) 
is the commonest form both on the hills and on the plains. 
It is most variable in colour and in shape also. As regards 
the web, Simon (i. p. 782) remarks that the stabilimentum 
varies according to the species and that C. insulana and 
nearly related forms have the white lines arranged like that 
of C. conica (Pallas) as a band interrupted at the centre, 
while C. bifida (Dol.) has the stabilimentum in the form of 
several very irregular concentric circles, or more correctly 
ellipses. 

At Kotagiri, on the Nilgiris, Cyclose are very common, 
and I carefully collected from the webs, noting specially the 
form of the white stabilimentum. I find that the shape 1s 
not by any means constant for the species. C. insulana has 
most often the stabilimentum as a diameter, but also as 
elliptical lines, as a radius, a very small irregular white mass 
at the centre of the orb-web, or again no stabilimentum of 
any kind. 

‘Though this species is by far the most common, I have no 
record of its cocoons. 

Locality. Madras city, Madras Beach, Pallavaram ; 
Kotagiri and Coonoor, Nilgiris ; Dolosbage, Ceylon. 


46. Cyclosa bifida (Dol.). 


I have several long, slender, almost entirely black speci- 
mens which are either this species or a closely allied one. 


South Indian Arachnology. 239 


These are common on the Nilgiris and also upeountry in 
Ceylon. The Nilgiri forms had the stabilimentum as a 
single white line as diameter or none, while the Ceylon ones 
always had none. 

Locality. Kotagiri, Nilgiris; Dolosbage, Ceylon. 


47, Cyclosa hybophora (Thor.) 


is recognized by the two very distinct tubercles on the 
shoulders of the abdomen. The cocoons here are about 
4 mm. long. There were four of them, each containing 
about fifty eggs. These cocoons are attached to the stabili- 
mentum, which, in this case, was a white line placed as a 
radius to the circle of the orb-web. 

Locality. Madras Beach, Ennur ; Kotagiri, Nilgiris. 

A white Cyclosa (Pl. V. fig. 7) which I obtained in Ceylon 
has these two shoulder prominences and is probably merely a 
variety of this species. It had the white ribbon of the stabili- 
mentum as diameter with nine cocoons arranged along it. 
These were about 5 mm. long and recalled in shape those of 
Cyrtophora. They contained about thirty eggs in each. 

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon. 


48. Cyclosa mulmeinensis (Thor.). 


I have several examples of a beautiful little Cyclosa which 
seems to be this species. All were found on orb-webs with 
the stabilimentum as a radius only. The cocoons are yellow- 
brown covered with black debris, and as many as five are 
found within one outer case which is from 10 to 15 mm, 
long. Each cocoon contains some forty eggs. Each cocoon- 
case lies along the stabilimentum. 

The males and immature females have small separate orb- 
webs of their own, apart from the others. In such cases 
each spider is found at the centre of the web and there is no 
stabilimentum. In one case the 2 was at the centre of her 
web resting on a whitish mass of threads (stabilimentum), to 
which a single yellow-brown cocoon was attached. These 
cocoons are evidently formed singly and then united into one 
mass lateron. In the case above examined, where there were 
five cocoons within the mass, the first two contained spider- 
lings almost ready to leave the cocoon, the third very 
immature spiderlings and the last two eggs only. 

Locality. Ootacamund, Nilgiris (September). 

From the Nilgiris I have several species or varieties which 
as yet | have been unable to identify. Some are distinctly 
brown in colour, others have a pale tip to the fees abdomen, 


240 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


while others again, mostly black, have the curious habit on 
the web of keeping the slender tip of the abdomen upturned 
over the body dorsally. 

Where the stabilimentum is present, it always soon gets 
dirty with remains of victims. ‘The spider on it is very often 
unrecognizable, even when closely looked for—it matches in 
colour the white band so well. This was: particularly the 
ease with the Ceylon Cyclosa above mentioned. 

From Pykara Falls, Nilgiris, I found several forms with 
webs on the bushes near running water. There were no 
stabilimenta and the spider was silvery on the abdomen 
dorsally and had the tip of the abdomen upturned. The 
shape is not nearly so slender as in the case of the long 
narrow Ceylon forms (C. bifida ?). 


ARANEUS (Clerck), 1757 = Epeira (Walck.), 1805. 
49. Araneus laglazei (Sim.). 


A small spider, 6 mm. long, resembling a bird’s dropping 
onaleaf. Found ona twig near the orb-web, which is about 
9 inches diam. and had very wide meshes, but no stabili- 
mentum. Spider is dark grey, almost black, with the 
abdomen whitish dorsally. 

Locality. Madras city (previously reported from QOotaca- 
mund) ; Kotagiri, Coonoor, Pykara, Nilgiris. Common in 
and around Ootacamund (September). 


50. Araneus théisit (Walck.). 

Found resting by day under a withered bracken leaf, 
which it greatly resembled in colour, on the golf course at 
Kotagiri. Found on Madras Beach on a leaf of Abutilon. 
A very inert spider, very like A. nauwticus, but smaller and 
the sternum is all-dark, almost black. ‘The dorsal pattern of 
the abdomen is very pretty, almost constant, and probably 
characteristic. Found near orb-web in evening resting on 
a grass-stem. 

Locality. Madras Beach; Kotagiri and Ootacamund, 
Nilgiris. 


51. Araneus nauticus (Koch, L. K.)= A. pullata (Thor.). 
(PI. Wiifio. 82) 


Lies hid during the day within a withered leaf. Found 
in the train from Talaimanaar to Colombo. At dusk it 
emerged and made its web in the compartment. When 
touched it retired into a crevice on the roof. 

Locality. Kotagiri. Dolosbage, Ceylon. 


South Indian Arachnology. 241 


52. Araneus rumpfi (Thor.) =A. decens (Thor.)= 

A. hispida (Dol.) = A. rufofemorata (Sim.) 
is the commonest species, and greatly resembles A. 
nauticus in colour and markings. It is very common on 
Calotropis gigantea on Madras Beach. The cocoon is very 
loosely woven and flocculent in appearance, no stont outer 
covering being present. The eges enclosed within one 
cocoon examined numbered 1464. These cocoons are very 
common on the golf course at Kotagiri and also on the banks 
at the road-sides attached to twigs. 

This species is very fond of making its web against the 
wall of the house at dusk, then taking up its position in the 
centre of the web with its back to the wall. During the day 
it rests in one corner, to which a strand of the web leads. It 
is very inert when gently handled. If smartly touched this 
spider drops at once to the ground on its own thread, and if 
not further molested, after a short time, it climbs up again to 
the old position. 

At the centre of the web, over which tlie spider places itself, 
there is sometimes a small white mass of thickened thread, 
which cannot be considered as being of the nature of a 
stabilimentum. 

A, rumpfi is extremely variable in colour and markings on 
the dorsal surface of the abdomen. 

Locality, Madras city ; Hillgrove, Coonoor and Kotagiri 
on the Nilgiris. 


53. Araneus bilunifer ? (Poc.). 


With two small very conspicuous white circular spots 
on the front part of the abdomen dorsally. This species 
resembles A.rumpfi in its vulva and scape, and has the same 
habits as A. rumpfi and A. nauticus,. being found with its 
web under the eaves of the verandah. It rests in the corner 
of the verandah during the day. ‘The presence of the two 
conspicuous spots alone connects it with Pocock’s species 
bilunifer, for it differs from his description in having no 
shoulder processes on the abdomen, in the prevailing colour 
not being yellowish but dark grey, in the nature of the vulva, 
and in its size, for it is only 11 mm. long and quite adult, 

Locality. ‘ Carolina,” Coonoor, Nilgiris, 


54. Araneus mitratus (Sim.). 


? resembles a small Cyrtophora citricola at frst sight, but 
the posterior extremily is not bifid, and there is only a single 


249 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


pair of shoulder prominences on the abdomen. The vuiva 
has a particularly long, fine, slender scape. 

2 found all on orb-webs, which have a very faint stabili- 
mentum arranged as one diagonal or one stroke of the x of 
Argiope’s web, the stroke from right to left. All were found 
resting at the centre of the webs at 11 A.M. These webs 
were all on the banks at the road-sides and were all in the 
shade. The spiders keep always behind the web and the 
bank. The white stabilimentum may be found arranged 
vertically ; webs found over running water between bushes. 

& found at 5 P.M. on a small perfect orb-web of his own. 
The web-strands completely crossed over the hill-path, a 
distance of some 5 feet. Spider was at the centre of the web, 
which had no stabilimentum. Is this the spider whose 
threads catch your face so frequently in the dark as you pass 
along the path ? 

Sometimes the webs have no stabilimentum. They are 
always above the ground, often as much as 5 feet, suspended 
between the branches of bushes and of trees. 

Locality. Coonoor, Karteri, Kodanad, Kotagiri, Pykara, 
and Ootacamund, all on the Nilgiris. 


55. Araneus mitifica (Sim.). 


A beautiful green spider with the abdomen dorsally grey, 
marked prettily with characteristic black spots. Found 
always on the leaf of a hedge with the orb-web near by. The 
spider rests on the leaf under a light silk tunnel, and then 
rushes out when a victim alights on the orb-web, which, if 
damaged, is repaired every now and then. Found on 
Lantana frequently and other bushes. Interesting, as thus 
having the same habits as A. melanocrania. 

Locality. Madras city ; Kotagiri. 


56. Araneus (Zilla) melanocrania (Thor.). 


Web is a small orb, but the spider never takes up its 
position on the web, but always within a curled up leaf close 
by. ‘The small cocoon is fixed near the leaf, within which 
the spider rests, or may be sometimes actually within the leaf 
beside the spider herself. 

The cocoon is 6 mm. at greatest diameter. The one I 
opened contained 125 eggs, besides young spiders. There is 
no stout outer covering to the cocoon, which consists simply 
of fine yellow*hreads lightly woven together. 

The small size of the spider, its blackish head, reddish 


South Indian Arachnology. 243 


thoracic parts and legs, and the dorsally whitish porcellanous 
abdomen make the species easily recognisable. 

Locality. Madras city, very common on bushes on the 
Beach. 


57. Araneus, sp. nov. ? 


Small spider only 3 mm. long, very like A. laglazed in 
appearance, but with the abdomen terminating dorsally in a 
very distinct, black, smooth, blunt point. Found at the 
centre of the small orb-web. 

Locality, Chingleput ; Madras city. 


58. Avraneus, sp. nov. ? 


Very pretty orb-weavers found commonly on the Nilgiris 
with the web always over running water. ‘The spider is 
always at the centre of the web in the evening, when the web 
is made. The spiders are quite small, 3 mm. long, and are 
beautifully marked. The basal colour is a green-grey. 
The cephalothorax has dark bands down the centre dorsally 
and round the margins. The abdomen dorsally is darker 
down the mid-dorsal line and again at the sides, while 
below it is black with two distinct straight white lines a little 
to each side of the mid-ventral axis. These two lines run 
from each side of the yulva to the mamille and enclose a 
black area. The sternum is black and the grey-green legs 
banded with black. In spirit the lighter dorsal parts of the 
abdomen appear silvery. Vulva without scape. They greatly 
resemble young Orsinome. 

Locality. Throughout the Nilgiris. 


59, Araneus, sp. nov. ? 


Found on a lichen-covered wall, small, only 3 mm. long. 
Shoulder prominences huge in proportion to the other parts. 
Vulva without scape. 

Locality. Madras city. 


60. Araneus, sp. nov. ? 


Common as a house-spider within the bungalow, lodging 
especially on the wooden roof. The cocoons are of the usual 
white flocculent type, and are very conspicuous against the 
dark teak beams. Lach cocoon measures 5 mm. in diameter, 
and is roughly globular. The cocoon contains 50 eggs. 

The spider is 5 mm. long with the cephalothorax reddish 


244 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


yellow, red-brown round the eyes ; legs similar, but banded 
with dark brown; abdomen dorsally dark grey, ventrally 
lighter in front around the genital opening ; sternum pale 
fawn and so also are the coxe. The vulva is covered by 
a triangular hard yellow chitinous plate (epigyne), the two 
central thick parts being brown ; scape absent. 

Locality. Madras city. 

Pocock’s key to the species selected by him (¢f. p. 224) is 
based entirely on the characters of the 9, no g being men- 
tioned in his account. A proper key will not be forthcoming 
until the ¢ have all been found and described. Below I 
give a brief description of two of the males, viz. those of 
A. rumpfi, the commonest species of South India, and 
of A. méitratus, which I got on the Nilgiris. 


Description of A. rumpfi, 3. 


Colours much as in the ?, carapace brown with yellowish 
hairs; legs brownish with darker annulations ; sternum light 
yellow ; abdomen dorsally varied with light and dark grey 
marks to form a median light band with a darker band on 
each side tapering at the tip behind ; front and sides of abdo- 
men light yellow or grey ; abdomen ventrally pale yellow 
with darker spots at the centre and at the spinnerets. Only 
the coxee of the first legs have the small red-brown apophyses, 
which are incurved. The tibize of the second pair of legs 
are armed with small spines as usual. 

The male is not so much smaller than the female. 
(10-15 mm.), for it measures 8 mm., the carapace being as 
long as the abdomen. 


Description of A. mitratus, 3. 


It greatly resembles the female in general form and colour, 
but is smaller (2 7 mm. long, g¢ 3 mm.). Both have a 
conspicuous white St. Andrew’s cross at the front end of the 
abdomen dorsally between the shoulder points, and on the 
ventral side of the abdomen there is a median rectangular 
black area bordered by lighter lines and ending in a pair of 
light spots on each side just in front of the spinnerets. The 
male examined was immature. 


GASTERACANTHA (Sund.), 1833. 


61. Gasteracantha brevispina (Dol.). 


A very pretty, dainty, small spider on a large web at its 
gentre without any stabilimentum. The young are only 


South Indian Arachnology. 245 


15 mm. at greatest width across the abdomen. The colour 
is almost black, and on the abdomen dorsally there are very 
distinct white spots forming a St. George’s cross, The colour- 
scheme greatly resembles that in the male of G. geminata, 
and the young are found on very small simple orb-webs 
about 3 inches diam. without any stabilimenta or white dots, 


Locality. Madras city ; Dolosbage, Ceylon. 


62. Gasteracantha geminata (Kabr.). 


Larger and much more common than the above. The 
web is made against the wall of the bungalow or else out in 
the open between the branches of trees. Often the web is 
found well under the shade of trees, and as it is‘swung on 
very long threads it moves very easily in the breeze and is 
therefore very difficult to photograph successfully. ‘The main 
lines of the web are flecked out with little white dots and 
dashes, which are quite characteristic. The spider remains 
always at the centre of the web during the day. The web of 
G. brevispina is much smaller and finer, and has no white 
marks anywhere upon it. Both species spin their webs in 
the mornings before 7 o’clock, : ph: 

The ¢ G. geminata seem to rest on single threads only at 
some distance from the large web of the 9. The commensal 
Argyrodes argentatus is quite common on the big web of 
the ? in Madras city during February. One point of interest 
is that the g of G. geminata has not the same number of 
sigille as depicted by Simon in fig. 887. He shows three 
small on each side, but there are really four. I have also 
found the g on small complete orb-webs of their own, quite 
apart from the big one of the 9, the diameter of their webs 
being only about 3”. 

Locality. Madras city and Beach. Dolosbage, Ceylon. 


Pottys (C. L. Koch), 1843. 
63. Poltys illepidus (C. L. Koch). 


Nocturnal spider, caught by chance in the dark. So far 
as I know it has no web. In the twilight I saw it dimly 
outlined among creepers and seized it, thinking it was a fruit. 
It was lying among withered branches and leaves on the top 
of the tennis netting, where it probably rests during the day, 

Locality. Madras city. Previously reported only from 
Ceylon. - 


246 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


CHORIZOPES (Camb.), 1870. 
64. Chorizopes frontalis (Camb.). 

These minute spiders, only 2 mm. long, were got all from 
single threads along with the g Gasteracantha geminata 
from bushes. Both Chorizopes and Gasteracantha 3 greatly 
resemble each other, but the g Gasteracantha is twice the 
size of Chorizopes and has of course its own distinctive 
features. Simon reports (i. p. 922) never having noticed 
the web, which is usually a small perfect orb about 2" diam. 
All rest in the centre of the webs, which, like those of Gastera- 
cantha, are all made in the mornings. 

Locality. Madras city. 


Clubionide. 
CEDIGNATHA (‘Thor.), 1881. 
65. Gidignatha retusa (Sim.). (Pl. VI. fig. 9.) 


Very dark little spider, dug out from its burrow in the hill- 
side. ‘The mouth of the burrow has no web leading to it, but 
has the entrance curiously formed of twigs, leaves, straws, 
etc., filled round the central circular opening to form a small 
turret. A small cocoon containing a very few eggs was 
found within the tunnel. This complex type of dwelling is 
quite unusual among the Clubionids, and resembles very 
much what I found on the Nilgiris, where on the’ banks at the 
road-sides there was a similar opening (PI. VI. fig. 10) (to 
the burrow of a Mygalomorphid), which was of course much 
larger in size, measuring 10 mm. in diameter. Dwelling 
described by Simon (ii. p. 189). 

Locality. Dolosbage, Ceylon (May). 


SELENOPS (Latr.), 1819. 
66. Selenops radiatus (Latr.). 
Found within kitchen ; very flat spider ; nocturnal. 
Locality. Kotagiri, Nilgiris. 
67. Selenops sp. ? 


Found under the bark of trees associating with the small 
scorpion Jsometrus thurstont, which it greatly resembles in 
colour and markings. 

Locality. Yercaud, Shevaroy Hills. 


South Indian Arachnology. 247 


SpPaRAssus (Walck.), 1805. 
68. Sparassus lamarcki (Latr.) 


is the commonest species ; found often within the bunga- 
low at night. Abdomen is marked dorsally by a median line 
of small black dots and ventrally by a broad black median 
stripe. The mandibles have also at the top of each to the 
outside a characteristically red-brown spot. Outside in the 
open the spider during the day retires under the shade 
of a leaf. 

I have found the female with her cocoon attached to a 
withered leaf of Calotropis gigantea on Madras Beach. The 
globular mass of spiderlings measured 14 mm. in diameter, 
and was fastened to the leaf under astout tubular outer cover, 
which protected the spider as well. There were 340 young 
spiders within the cocoon. 


Locality. Madras city. 


69. Sparassus tarandus (Sim.). 


There are a large number of Sparassids on Calotropis that 
are much smaller than S. lamarcki (2 10 mm., g 7 mm.). 
These live within a curled up leaf, within which the simple 
globular cocoon is placed. The cocoon measures 6 mm, in 
diameter and contained 115 young. Often found within a 
withered leaf containing the cocoon. 

Locality. Madras city and Beach. 


HeErTeRopopDA (Latr.), 1804. 
70. Heteropoda venatoria (Linn.) 


is the common species and is often met with in houses’ 

after dark. The cocoon is drab-white and measures 19 x 16 

mm., being roughly oval in outline ; in thickness at greatest 

depth itis 8mm. ‘The cocoon resembles a flat button, in 

section doubly convex. It contained 275 young ones. 
Locality. Madras city ; Kotagiri, Nilgiris. 


THELCTICOPIS (Karsch.), 1884. 
71. Theleticopis paripes ? (Karsch), 
A single male alone obtained. It agrees with Pocock’s 


description in having the branches of the tibial apophysis 
unequal, but here the outer branch is long, curved, and sharp, 


948 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


while the inner is short and blunt. Possibly Pocock may 
have erred in his account. 

Locality. Koyencolam, Travancore. Previously reported 
from Ceylon. 


Agelenide. 
AGELENA (Walck.), 1805. 
72. Agelena inda? (PI. VI. fig. 11.) 


From the nature of the web this is seemingly a colonial 
spider. The web is always on a bush—hill guava (Rhodo- 
myrtus), Dodonea viscosa, box, rose, privet, and very 
commonly on whin,—and has a distinct platform upon 
which victims alight. The spider itself lies hid in. the 
densest central part of the web-mass, often within a curled 
up withered leaf, the inside of which is lined by the silk of 
the web. The cocoon is beautifully made and is attached 
to the walls of the central chamber of the web by 9 or 10 
radiating points. The cocoon is a dead-white and can often 
be seen through the thin silk of the web, especially when the 
web is not covered with debris. Sometimes three cocoons 
are found all covered over with the debris of victims, ef. 
beetles, bugs, and flies. 

Simon reports only one species of Agelena from India, 
ef. Agelena inda, which may be this one. The cocoon is so 
very unlike the typical one for the family as to be quite 
peculiar and interesting. It measures 15 mm. at greatest 
width and contained 52 young spiders. It has a very dense 
white outer covering. Simon (i. p. 254) refers to the 
female depositing her cocoon, which is flat and formed of two 
concave discs, within the chamber which I have described 
above as the cocoon itself. I have examined several of these 
cocoons, and have found inside the mass of spiderlings 
enclosed within a single sheet of very thin tissue only. The 
web-mass consists of several leaves fastened together. Quite 
recently when in Coorg I found the cocoon within the cocoon- 
chamber as described above by Simon. 

Since Agelenids are very rare in the Tropics, this is proe 
bably accounted for by the fact that they are found only on 
the hills above 3500 feet. Small Blattids and earwigs often 
live in the web-mass, which may harbour two spiders. 

Locality. Kotagiri, Coonoor and Ootacamund, all on the 
Nilgiris. ‘The spider is very common on whin-bushes in and 
around Ootacamund at 7200 feet (April-October). Not 
found on the plains. 


South Indian Arachnology. 249 


TEGENARIA (Latr.), 1804. 
73. Tegenaria domestica (Clerck). 


This common British species is now worldwide in distri- 
bution. I found one male on the window curtain of the 
dining-room of the bungalow one afternoon. 

Locality. Kandaloya, Ceylon. Not commonly found in 
the Tropics. 


Pisauride. 
KUPROSTHENOPS (Poc.), 1897. 


74, Euprosthenops elliott (O. P.-Camb.). 


From the web stretched between prickly-pear (Opuntia) 
bushes not far from the side of the River Adyar. The spider 
lived for several days inside a tube which had some formalin 
in it. The peculiar arrangement of the anterior lateral eyes, 
giving the old name Podophthalma to the group, makes 
identification simple. Web is large and very irregular, the 
spider resting inverted below it, cf. Psechrus. 

Locality. Madras city, banks of the Adyar. Already 
reported from Chingleput by Jambunathan. The spider is 
said to be found on bushes only near water. 


THALASSIUS (Sim.), 1885. 
75. Thalassius phipsoni (?) (F. Camb.). 


Found running across bedroom floor at 10 p.m. Spider is 
therefore nocturnal, characterised by two very distinct, lateral, 
bright yellow lines passing right down the cephalothorax and 
abdomen dorsally. Rest of the surface olive. 

Locality. Madras city. 


Lycoside. 
Hippasa (Sim.), 1885. 


76. Hippasa agelenoides (Sim.). 


Seems to be the common small Lycosid found on its 
peculiar web among the grass of the compound and at the 
road-sides, It is a small banded spider, from 7 to 11 mm. 
long, and is fond of making its web with a distinct tunnel. 
Very often it is got resting within the tunnel awaiting a 
victim to alight on the sheet-like expansion of the web. 
The tunnel is open at both ends, The mother carries her 


250 Dr. W. Rae Sherriffs on 


cocoon behind attached to the spinnerets, as in all Lycosids. 
The cocoon measures 5 mm. in diameter and is globular. I 
have found it containing 130 spiderlings. 

Locality. Madras city. 


77. Hippasa pantherina (Poc.) 


is equally common and has the same habits. It is a larger 
spider reaching 16 mm. Both species greatly resemble each 
otlier, and both have the sternum marked by a median black 
longitudinal line. Here the cocoon measures 8 mm. in 
diameter and I have found it with 308 spiderlings. 

Locality, Pallavaram ; Dolosbage, Ceylon ; Kotagiri, 
Nilgiris. 

Lycosa (Latr.), 1804. 


78. Lycosa indagatrix (Walck.) 


is the largest form. It is found living in tunnels or 
burrows in the ground, measuring 20 mm. diameter and 
about 200 mm. deep. This tube is not lined with silk, but 
the open upper end has a circlet of dead leaves around it and 
entering it. ‘There may be a lining of silk round the upper 
part of the tube next the mouth. ‘Tle leaves greatly help to 
conceal the opening. Sometimes one leaf acts as a kind of 
lid to the tube. The tube is always open, but the spiders are 
purely nocturnal and have to be dug out during the daytime. 
The young ones seem to lie concealed under the shelter of 
stones and do not make small burrows. 


Locality. Madras city, Ennur. 


79. Lycosa catula (Sim.). 
A cryptozoic spider found lurking under dead leaves lying 
in the dry bed of a hill-stream. 
Locality. Shevaroy Hills, Yercaud. 
80. Lycosa chaperi (Sim.). 
A small form brought home from the Madras Christian 


College. 
Locality. Madras city. 


Oxyopide. 
PeucetTiA (Thor.), 1870. 


81. Peucetia graminea (Poc.). 
Found on the top of the fruit of Abutilon (Malvacez) and. 


South Indian Arachnology. 251 


also on the withered leaf of Jatropha (Euphorbiacese) which 
had attached to it the empty cocoon measuring about 10 mm. 
in diameter. 


Locality. Madras city and beach ; Kotagiri, Nilgiris. 


82. Peucetia viridana (Stol.) =P. nigropunctata (Sim.). 


Found on a green leaf eating a caterpillar, on the large 
white flower of Datura, on Jatropha, and on the fruit of 
Abutilon indicum. The cocoon was on the Abutilon fruit, 
the eggs being covered by a compact tissue of silk, through 
which they are easily seen. Number of eggs present was 
fifty and the diameter of the egg-mass 10 mm., for it is 
circular in outline, Cocoon also found attached to the leaf 
of Cleome viscosa and guarded by the mother. It is white, 
spherical, diameter 7 mm., and the outer covering is produced 
into numerous white, projecting, little blunt points which give 
it a very characteristic appearance. 

Locality. Madras city, Pallavaram. 

Pocock, p. 255, designates the family as “ hunting spiders, 
spinning no web, living amongst grass and other plants and 
fastening their cocoons to the leaves or stalks.” This 
description is quite good, but he omits the interesting fact 
that they all can jump readily, like the next family, the 
Attids, and are therefore somewhat difficult to catch. 

Simon (1. p. 875) says that the Peucetia appear to affect 
glandular plants. They do so here and seem specially fond 
of Jatropha glandulifera, a very sticky plant, plentiful in the 
serub-jungle around Madras city. I have also noticed them 
on Cleome viscosa, which is a common weed by the road-sides 
and on the Beach. 


OxyYoPESs (Latr.), 1804. 


83. Oxyopes rufisternis (Poc.). 


Commonly found running on hedges of Clerodendron, etc., 
throughout the year. 


Locality. Madras city ; Dolosbage, Ceylon (May). 


84. Oxyopes hindostanicus (Poc.). 


The cocoon is placed on a withered leaf suspended on 
horizontal threads between two branches. ‘lhe mother 
protects the cocoon, covering it with her body, and will not 
desert it even when touched. ‘The spider greatly resembles 
birds’ droppings on the leaf, the legs being held close up to 
the sides of the body. This species is the commonest in 


252 On South Indian Arachnology. 


Madras. The cocoon on or within a withered leaf measures 
10 mm. and contains 50-60 eggs. Common on Calotropis 
along the Beach. Oxyopes hindostan‘cus | have fount eating 
the comparatively large moth Utetheisa pulehella (Linn.). 

Locality, Madras city ; Kotagiri, where they are common 
among dead leaves on the ground ; Coonoor. 


85. Oxyopes birmanicus (Thor.). 


Found like O. rujfisternis running on the hedge in the 
compound, The cocoon is placed within a withered curled 
up leaf. It is irregular in form and was found to contain in 
one case 40 spiderlings, in another instance the circular mass 
of eggs measured 8 mm. diameter and contained 104 eggs. 

Locality. Madras city. 


86. Oxyopes wroughtoni (Poc.). 
Reported from Balsar. It greatly resembles O. birmanieus 
in colour. 


LITERATURE CONSULTED. 


1857. Dotescuatt, C. L. Tweede Bijdrage Tot de kennis der 
Arachniden van der Indischen Archipel. Batavia. 

1882. CAMBRIDGE, O. PickarD-. “Catalogue of Collection of Ceylon 
Spiders,” Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), vol. x. 

1887. THoreLt, T. Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e Regioni vicine. 

*1892. Stmon, E. Histoire Naturelle des Araignées, vol.i. Paris. 

*1895. THoreLt, T. Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma. 
London. 

*1897. Stmon, E. Histoire Naturelle des Araignées, vol. il. Paris. 

1898. Srmon, E. Matériaux pour servir & la Faune Arachnologique 
de l’Asie méridionale,’ Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de 
France pour l’Année 1897, pp. 252-262. 

1899. Pocock, R. I. “ Diagnoses of some New Indian Arachnida,” 
Journal Bombay Natural History Society, xii. pp. 744-753. 

*1900. Pocock, R. I. The Fauna of British India — Arachnida. 
London. 

1900. Pocock, R, I. ‘ Descriptions of some New Species of Spiders 

from British India,” Journal Bombay Natural History Society, 
xill, pp. 478-498. 

1901. Srmon, E. ‘Arachnida of the Skeat Expedition to the Malay 
Peninsula, 1899-1900,” Proceedings of the Zoological Society 
of London, 1901, vol. ii. 

1905. JamMpunatHAN, N.S. “ Habits and Life-history of a Social 
Spider © (Stegodyphus sarasinorum, (Karsch),” Smithsonian 
Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 47. 

1915. Gravety, F. H. ‘Notes on the Habits of Indian Insects, 
Myriapods and Arachnids,” Records of the Indian Museum, 


Calcutta. 


* These works are constantly referred to throughout this paper and 
are indispensable, 


Fig. 2. 


Fig. 3. 
Fig. 4, 


Fig. 5. 
Fig. 6. 


Bigae bs 
Fig. 8. 
Fig. 9. 


Fig. 10. 
Fag. 11. 


Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 253 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 


PuatE II, 


. Psechrus torvus inverted below web, which here crosses a dry 


mountain torrent. x ;},. 
Psechrus torvus web edge on, to show the tubular retreat denied 
by Simon, also its slightly arched nature. 


Puate III. 


Argiope anasuja; young resting on lacework stabilimentum. 
poe 

Argiope anasuja; web with full x stabilimentum on Opuntia. 
ee 


PLATE LV. 


Argiope anasuja; stabilimentum with only one stroke of x; 
spider rolling up a fly. x 2. 
Cyrtophora cicatrosa within domed web. xX 


tein 


PuaTE V. 
Cyclosa sp.? (Ceylon) with stabilimentum as diameter (broken) 
bearing spider and cocoons. Web against aloe-leaf. 
Araneus nauticus resting by day on bark of acypress-tree. x 3. 


PLATE VI. 


Gdignatha retusa; turret at mouth of burrow. x 1. 
Nilgiri Barychelid ; turret at mouth of burrow. x 2. 
Agelena inda ; web on aloe-bush, showing cocoon-case within. 


[All the Plates are from photographs taken by the Author. } 


XXV.—Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—X.* 


By RicHArD 8. BAGNALL, F.L.S. 


Suborder TEREBRANTIA. 
Family Zolothripide. 
MHolothrips fulvicollis, sp. n. 


?.—This species very closely resembles the common 
holaretic species A. fasciatus, L. he following differences 
are evident in the material at my disposal :— 

The pronotum, instead of being of the same colour as the 
head and body, is much lighter, being of a yellow to 
yellowish-brown colour. The fore-legs are only present in 


* Continued from Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, vol. i. p. 221 (1918). 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 1g 


254 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


one example, and are much lighter than the intermediate and 
hind pairs of legs. Vhe dark and light areas of the fore- 
wings are roughly subequal in extent. 

The head is as long as the prothorax and has the cheeks 
move strongly arched. In A. fasciatus the third antennal 
jvint is longer than the fourth, in this species it is the same 
leneth (excluding pedicel) or slightly shorter (16 : 16 in one 
specimen and 15; 17 in two). 

The small sete on the longitudinal vein of the fore-wings 
are fewer, very minute, being 0°5 to 0°3 the length of the 
corresponding sete in A. fasctatus, lighter-coloured, and 
therefore more inconspicuous, 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 


Hab. InviA, Cawnpur; 3 2 & in flowers of Verbascum 
jsp;, 20. 0.8 CAL eD. Pimms) liver gr. 


Family Ceratothripide. 
Ceratothrips gowdeyt, sp. n. 


? .—Length c. 1:0 mm.; form somewhat slender. 

Colour brown, antennze entirely concolorous with head ; 
legs yellowish-brown to brown; wings brown, apparently 
somewhat lighter basally. 

Head transverse, 0°7 as long as broad; cheeks sub- 
parallel; eyes large, occupying about 0-4 the total dorsal 
length of head; eyes moderately coarsely facetted and 
sparingly pilose ; ocelli large, set well back, with crescentic 
lhypodermal pigmentation ; interocellar and postocular sete 
minute; dorsal surface transversely striate. Antennze 
G-jointed, a little less than twice as long as the head; third 
joint (without trichome) very much shorter and narrower 
than any of the other joints (excluding style), pedicellate ; 
relative lengths of joints approximately 8:13: 7 (excluding 
pedicel) : 16: 23:3. Stout forked trichome on 4. Mouthi- 
cone reaching across prosternum ; maxillary palpi rather 
long, 3-jointed, the third joint longest *; labial palpi long, 
slender. 

Pronotum slightly longer than the head, about 1:6 times 
as broad as long; posterior margin depressed; bristles at 
each posterior angle stout, about O°4 (or slightly less) the 


* Although I have not demonstrated it to my entire satisfaction, I 
think that the maxillary palp of Ceratothrips britteni, Bagn., is also 
3-jointed; I described it as ‘apparently 2-jointed,” but the unique 
preparation is very obscure. 


Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 255 


median length of the pronotum; surface weakly and irregu- 
larly transverse-striate, and sparsely setose; a postero- 
marginal pair, one on each side of the mid-line, a little longer 
and stouter than the other minor sete. Pterothorax sub- 
quadrate. Spines at apex of hind tibie within stout. Wings 
reaching to about the seventh abdominal segment, fore-wings 
about thirteen times as long as broad near middle; fore-vein 
with three spines near juncture with lower vein, and 1+1+1 
in the distal third ; costa and lower vein with a series of 23 
and 13 or 14 spines respectively. 

Abdomen oblong-ovate; apical bristles moderately long 
and slender ; posterior margin of tergite 8 witha very jagged, 
sparse, and irregularly set fringe of short microscopical sete. 


Type. British Museum of Natural [listory (Imperial 
Bureau of Entomology). 


Hab. Arrica, Uganda, Kampala; 1 @ in flowers of tree- 
tomato (Solanum sp.), Nov. llth, 1917. I. B. E. no. 127 
(C. C..Gowdy). 


Family Thripida, s. |. 


Genus DinuroTHRips, Hood. 4 


Table of Species. 


1. Sizec. 15mm. Species brachypterous. Legs 
brown, tibiz at most shaded to a yellowish- 
brown distally ; basal antennal joint yel- 
lowish, second dark grey-brown. Hab, South 
NL CHG SD hates th iiarore soja deta eo) ew 6 Orie. D, vezenyii, sp. 0. 
Size 1:15 or 1-7 mm. Species winged ...... 2. 
2. Size 1:7 mm. Femora brown, tibie yellow ; 
basal antennal joints as in D. vezenyv, Bayn. 
Fore-wings (excepting basal fifth) wholly 
brown. Eyes more prominent and cheeks 
more swollen. Hab. Porto Rico.......... D. hookeri, Hood. 


Size 1:15 mm. Legs mostly yellow; basal 
antennal joint yellow. Fore-wings coloured 
otherwise, with the veins in the third sixth 
(or more) and the fifth sixth dark brown. 
Eyes smaller, less prominent, and cheeks 
very slightly arched. Hab. Australia ....  D. frontalis (Bagn.). 


Dinurothrips frontalis (Bagn.). 
My Heliothrips frontalis from Australia is referable to the 
gcnus Dinurothrips, Hood. The head and the wings are 
typical.of that genus, but the end of the abdomen is nearer 


the true Heliothrips form, and it is evident that Dinurothrips 
19* 


256 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


should be placed near Heliothrips, and not with Pancheto- 
thrips, Bagn. The explanate lateral margins of the prothorax 
are narrow and take up the whole of the length. The terminal 
abdoininal sete are probably broken off. The reticulation of 
the pronotum is of a different nature to that described in 
Heliothrips and the other species of this genus; it takes the 


form of sunken, roundish, or elliptical areas more or less 
distant from each other. 


. Dinurothrips vezenytt, sp. n. 

9 .—Length c. 1:5 mm. 

Brachypterous ; wings reduced to a pointed pad with 
wing-scale intact, about four times as long as broad, yellow- 
brown, with light patch near middle and marked dark grey- 
brown distally ; one long seta at apex of scale. 

Colour reddish-brown, deeply shaded with dark grey- 
brown, especially in the abdomen (where dark median and 
lateral patches in segments 2 to 6 are noticeable) and across 
the pronotum ; fore-part of head and the pronotum anteriorly 
and posteriorly more or less yellow. Antenne broken in the 
unique specimen, joint 1 yellow, 2 dark grey-brown. Tarsi 
and tibie distally more or less yellowish. 

Head much as in D. hookert, but with the constriction 
behind eyes less marked and the cheeks less swollen ; the 
deep channel separating the raised vertex and the eyes more 
evenly reticulated than in hookert. 

Pronotum much as in D. hookeri, the disc (excluding 
lateral explanation) widest at middle; the explanate lateral 
margins occupying the length of the pronotum, but chiefly 
noticeable in the distal half. Dorsal reticulation of abdomen 
evidently stronger than in hooker’, evanescent median poste- 
viorly. Last abdominal segment stouter and less produced 
than in hookert, less than the length of the head; bristles 
strong and moderately long, much as in hooker. 


Hab. South America, Tucuman (Argentine), November 
1905 ; 1 9 (Vezeny2). 


Genus ‘TRYPHACTOTHRIPS, Bagn.* 


Table of Species. 


1. Head and prothorax strongly transverse, 
spines of the fore-wing longer than the 


* This genus is erected for Dinurothrips rutherfordi, Bagn., in a 
memoir on the Thysanoptera of the Seychelles now in press, wherein 
D, brevisetis is described and D. rutherfordi figured, 


Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 257 


breadth of the wing, unicolorous. Had, 


Bru Coast <xuee ace sian y oar T. roboris, sp. n. 


MOL SO tere c. oet arey suereieer esol) Paved erat Movant d pS a 


2. Spines of the fore-wing bicolorous, 1°3 times 
as long as the breadth of the wing. Hab. 
Caylany wena Paced onan es ee eas T. rutherfordi (Bagn.). 


Spines of the fore-wing unicolorous, only 
07 as long as the breadth of the wing. ; 
Dau SCV CHOMER AN tose. ete Aan at we oo 8 T. brevisetis, Bagn. 


Tryphactothrips roboris, sp. n. 


2 .—Leneth ec. 1:2 mm. 

Brown, sides of prothorax and the greater part of the first 
eight abdominal segments, chiefly laterally, of a very deep 
black-brown ; hind and intermediate femora and the fore-tibize 
greyish-yellow shaded with brown ; tibie yellowish shaded 
with grey to greyish-brown. Antennal joints 3-8 lost in the 
type, basal joints yellowish. Fore-wings yellowish-brown, 
darker on the veins, but with light or clear area in the basal 
fifth, about the fourth fifth, and at extreme tip. 

Head strongly transverse, fully twice as long as broad, 
very markedly constricted at neck ; genal and frontal ex- 
planate margins much narrower than in 7. rutherfordi ; 
ocelli on a raised prominence, large and well separated from 
the eyes, the front one forwardly directed. The reticulated 
surface with a crescentic series of eleven large reticulations 
behind, in the are of which the reticulations are smaller and 
more regular than laterally and between the eyes above the 
arc. Pronotum twice as broad as long medianly (where it is 
the longest on account of both anterior and posterior margins 
being arcuate), and nearly three times as broad as the length 
at sides. Surface furnished with some sete, of which a mid- 
lateral and postero-median pair are fairly prominent, being 
about 0°23 the median length of pronotum; they are acumi- 
nate, slightly curved, and apparently stouter in the basal 
third than at base. Prothorax, legs, wings, and abdomen 
much as in 1’. rutherford’, Fore-wings broad in the basal 
third or thereabouts, thence narrow and parallel to near tip ; 
“upper vein with two spines near union with lower vein, the 
second being lighter and not so sirong; a space and then a 
series of five (2+2+1); thie first two being in the light area 
are less strong and lighter than the next two, which are 
situated on the dark patch before apex, whilst the most distal 
one is much weaker and nearly colourless; lower vein with 2 
near base, then 1+4, the single one coming well before the 
series of five in the upper vein, and the first of the four 


258 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


coinciding with the second in the said series of five ; here, 
again, the last is weak and very light in colour, and, g generally 
speaking, those on the lighter areas of the’ wing are less 
strong and lighter. Costal series few and irregular. 


Type. British Museum of Natural History (Imperial Bureau 
of Ento nology). 


Hab. Gold Coast, Aburi; 1 2 in flower of Thunbergia 
laurifoha, Nov. Lith, 1915 (W. H. Patterson). Reg. no. 
28 Leal a ales: 


FTeliothrips bicinctus, sp. n. 


? .—This species comes very near to tal femoralis, Reut., 
with which it may be mixed in collections. It is not so deep 
in coloration, and may be sharply separated by the coloration 
of the legs and wings as follows :— 


Fore-wings brown excepting for a light area near 

base before distal fourth and at extreme tip, 

these areas being very short and ill-defined. 

All tibie, tarsi, and fore-femora yellow .... H. femoralis, Reut. 
Fore-wings light-coloured, with two dark brown 

bands, the first (occupying about one-eighth 

the length of the wing) starting near the be- 

ginning of the second fourth and the other 

(occupying about one-seventh the length of 

the wing) just before tip. Hind-tibiee wholly 

yellow; fore-femora and the fore and more 

especially the intermediate tibiz more or less 

deeply shaded with grey to grey-brown .... 4. bicinctus, sp. n. 


The antennee are incomplete in the four specimens now 
before me, and until I make further preparations I am not 
prepared to give a fuller description. ‘Che fore-wings are 
obviously more linear and slender than in /. femoralis, and 
the spines of the costa, fore-vein (from union with hind-vein), 
and hind-vein are respectively as follows :—20 to 21; 14 and 
13 to 14. 

In the African example the wing-spines appear to be 
stronger, whilst the intermediate tibia is very dark brown 
excepting basally and at apex. 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 
Hab. Kunors, several examples from hothouses, Brussels 


and Neweastle-upon-Type ; on various plants with //. femo- 
ralis, 1907 and 1908; 1 @ with HH. hemorrhoidalis on 


Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 259 


banana-palm, Calatrava, Spain, submitted by Dr. W. E. 
Collinge. 
Arrica, Arusha; 1 ¢, Oct. and Nov. 1905 (C. Katona). 


Heliothrips patiersoni, sp. 0. 


2? .—Leneth 1:3 mm. 

Head and pterothorax brown, prothorax yellowish grey- 
brown ; abdomen deep chestnut-brown, excepting the last 
three segments, which are yellow-brown shaded with grey ; 
legs yellow, fore-femora and tibiae and hind-femur lightly 
tinged with brown, intermediate femora and tibize more 
deeply shaded brown. Antenna yellowish, basal and apical 
joints more or less lightly tinged with grey-brown. T’ore- 
wings light, with dark grey-brown bands approximating ‘the 
third sixth and near tip; basally slightly clouded with 
smoky-yellow. Hind-wings with median vein brown, lighter 
in middle. Light-coloured examples with abdomen golden 
yellow-brown with brown lateral patches. 

Head transverse, about 1°8 times as wide across cheeks 
(which are arched and wider than across eyes) as long ; 
distinct collar basally. Surface deeply reticulated, with a 
distinct line at collar and another just behind eyes. yes 
large and coarsely facetted, vertex and space between eyes 
wide ; ocelli normal, situated on sides and apex of a raised 
prominence, Antennze about 2°8 times as long as head ; 
segment 1 subquadrate, 2 broadest of all; 3 and 4 slender, 
urn-shaped, 3 being more than three times as long as broad ; 
5 broadly clavate ; 6 broadly fusiform and broadly united to 
7; 8 longand slender, forming a continuation of 7. Relative 
lengths of joints 3 to 8-as follows:—23:17:18:6: 14. 
Maxillary palpi 2-segmented, apical joint long and slender. 

Prothorax strongly transverse, more than 2°5 times as 
broad as leng and about 0°75 the length of the head; sides 
subparallel, with well-defined angles. Surface not strongly 
reticulated, more or less regularly but sparsely set with 
longish and rather stout sete, the longest, viz. the dorso-mid- 
lateral setae, being about 0°35 the length of the pronotum. 

Pterothorax a little longer than broad, stout; fore-wings 
with a series of about 20-22 costal spines, upper vein with 
13-14 and lower vein with 9-11 irregularly set, those on the 
dark areas darker and stouter. 


Larve whitish, with head, pronotum, the two basal an- 
tennal joints, basal joints of legs, and the last two abdominal 
segments grey-brown. 


260 Mr. R.S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


Type. British Museum of Natural History (Imperial 
Bureau of Hutomolozy). 


Hab. Goup Coast, Aburi; 2 2 and larvee on Granadilla 


leaves, Nov. 11, 1915 (W. H. Patterson). Reg. no. 279, 
7. B. H.. 113. 


Tieliothrips minutissimus, sp. 0. 


Length, ' 2 'c./0°65 mm. = 2," 0°’ mm 

Same forth as H. indicus, Bagn., but much smaller, practi- 
eally colourless—greyish- White te greyish-yellow, — though 
probably more deeply coloured in fresh examples ; wings 
apparently of alight grey-brown. Unfortunately the examples 
at my disposal are too poorly preserved for a satisfactory 
description, but happily the special series of bristles on the 
ninth tergite of the male are clearly shown, demonstrating 
at once (apart from the great difference in size) that the 
species is not a colourless form of indieus. There are six long 
bristles arranged in the form of a crescent, the outside pair 
being the highest and practically mid-lateral, and the 
inmost pair the lowest, quite near the posterior margins. 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 


Hab. Inpdta, Surat; BomBAyY, 2 2 ? and 1 ¢ with nume- 
rous examples of JZ, audicus on violet, eb. 1906 (/1. Mae- 
well Lifroy). 


Dendrothrips jeanneli, sp. n. 
? .—Leneth ec. 1:0 mm. 3 


liead alk grey-brown, lighter on inner side of each eye ; 
antennse brown (basal joints lighter than joints 2 and 5- “8), 
excepting joints 3 and 4, which are yellowish-white ; pro- 
notum mottled, central part grey-brown, e each side irregularly 
marked from white or greyish-white to brown; pterothorax 
mostly brown ; abdomen light, whitish to greyish-white, 
medianly grey-brown, darker on each side at the medial 
sculpturing and at the extreme side of the patch, and a grey- 
brown spot placed laterally on tergites 8 and 7. Femora 
‘marked with brown, middle ‘pair darker than the anterior 
pair; lind pair longer and lighter, femora greyish-white, 
speckled or touc hed? with light orey- -brown; ends of tarsi 
brown.  Fore-wings grey- -biown, lighter basally, with a 
short light patch near middle and before tip. Head very 
deeply excavated between eyes, surface reticulated. An- 


Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 261 


tennee about 2°5 times the leneth of the head with the sixth 
joint (as in ornatus, Jabl., and degeeri, Uz.) divided, with the 
style long, longer than joint 6. Joints 5 and 6 broadly 
united. 

Belonging to the section wherein the sixth antennal joint 
is divided and easily separated from both ornatus and degeeri 
by the long antennal style and the coloration of the antenne, 
body, wings, Ke. 


Hab. E. Arrica; 1 ? only, Lake Victoria Nyanza, Ki- 
sumu, a village situated at the lower end of the Bay of Kavi- 
rondo (alt. 1112 metres), Dec. 6. 1911, no. 23 (Alluaud et 
Jeannel). 


Dendrothrips indicus, sp. n. 
Length about 0:7 mm. 
~ Colour brown, end of tibies and tarsi yellowish. Antennal 
joint 1 light yellowish to grey-brown, 2 brown, 3-5 yellow to 
greyish-yellow, 6 to 8 brown, 6 inclined to be lighter basally. 
Fore-wings with the second fourth grey-brown and a narrow 
grey-brown bar near tip. 

Very near to D. sewmaculatus, Bagn. (Ceylon), but differing 
sharply in the colour of the abdomen and wings. Antennal 
joints 5 and 6 closely united and together longer than 3 and 4, 
style short, 6 not divided. Antenne more than twice as long 
as the head. 


3 .—Smaller. Abdominal sternites 2 to 7 with a small, 
slightly oviform, central, thinly chitinized area. 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 


Hab. Inp1A, N. Malabar; on leaves of arrowroot, Sept. 
1918 (Rumakrishna), Reg. no. 337. 


Scolothrips 6-maculatus (Pergande). 


I have had the opportunity of examining Schille’s type of 
Chetothrips uzeli, which is larger than the 0°57 mm. given 
in his description. It belongs to the geius Scolothrips, as 
already stated, and if not identical with iS. 6-maculutus, it 
comes very near to it. ‘I'he second antennal joint is greyish, 
and not concolorous with the first, whilst the dark bands 
across the fore-wings are larger. Comparison with American 
examples of S. 6-maculatus is desirable before reaching a 
decision as to the specific identity. 


262 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


T also possess three poor examples of a smaller Scolothrips 
which agree well with S. 6-maculatus ; the markings on the 
wings agree with Hind’s description, but the macrochzetez of 
the pronotum appear to be longer. ‘These examples were 
taken in Russia, and it was noted that they were feeding on 
red mites (a peculiar feature observed in the American 
species), but I have unfortunately mislaid my Russian corre- 
spondent’s letter, and am unable at present to give fuller data. 


Odontothrips ulicis (Hal.). 


Upon examining some examples of O. ulicis from Bohemia, 
ex Uzel’s collection, I was struck by several differences 
readily discernible upon comparison-with British examples of 
ulicts from Ulex spp. There is no means of knowing the 
flowers from which Uzel’s examples were taken, and until 
further continental material has been studied there can be 
no certainty that the true OQ. ulécis exists outside the British 
Isles or upon other plants than Ulex spp. It differs from 
Uzel’s species in its larger size, the longer hind tibize, which 
has a larger series of longer and stronger spines on the inner 
margin; the whole of the antenna is of a very dark brown 
colour except joint 3, which is of a dirty greyish-yellow, 
whilst the sixth joint is comparatively longer. The two 
basal antennal joints in the g are grey-brown. I hope to 
describe the species minutely when monographing the British 
species of the order. 


Odontothrips uzeli, sp. n. 
(for Odontothrips ulicis (Uzel), nec Haliday). 


See remarks under above species, O. ulie’s. The antenna, 
apart from colour, are manifestly shorter and stouter ; the 
following are the comparative lengths of joints 3 to 8, those 
for O. uzeli being more or less approximate :— 

O. uzeli, Bagn. 43: 38: 26: 36: 5 10. 
O. ulicis (Hal.) 51: 48:34:47: 8: 18. 

The interocellar bristles are shorter than in ulzezs, measuring 

10 as to 16 in the last-named species. 


— Separated from OQ. wlicis on material from Bohemia, ex 
oll. Uzel, after whom I have pleasure in naming the species. 


Odontothrips ignobilis, sp. n. 


Of about the same size as wzeli, Bagn., and the antenne of 
similar proportions, the approximate lengths of joints 3 to 8 


Mr, R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 263 


being as follows :—42 : 37: 26: 37:6:11. Colour of an- 
tennee entirely brown except for joint 3, which is of a clear 
heht yellow. Fore-wings (excepting for a small area on the 
lower margin) without the clear basal space seen in both 
ulicis and uzeli. Fore-tibia with one “ tooth” reduced to a 
very small sharp tooth and the other replaced by a dark 
stout seta. 

Readily recognized by the armature of the fore-tibiz, the 
ee base of fore-wings, and the colour of the antenne, 

e: 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 


Hab. SPAIN, Ortigosa (Logrosa), 1892; 92 2 only (Coll. 
Navas). 


Genus FRANKLINIELLA, Karny. 


a, Small yellow species. 
Frankliniella delicatula, sp. n. 


2? .—Length ce. 1:0 mm. 

This species resembles F. pallida (Uzel) somewhat 
closely, and may be separated by the more slender antenna, 
which has a much longer style, the apical joint being much 
longer than the basal. The pronotal macrocheetee are shorter 
than in pallida. ‘The fore-wings are colourless and have 
noticeably fewer spines, whilst the series of spines on the 
inner margin of hind tibia are also fewer in number. 

The species will be more closely described in a paper I 
hope to prepare shortly on Messrs. Alluaud and Jeannel’s 
material from Hast Africa. 


Hab. Hast Arnica, 1 2, 1.71.1912; Kikuyu Country, 
Blue Post Hotel, situated at the confluence of the rivers 
Thika and Tchania, about 50 kilometres from Nairobi, alt. 
1520 metres (Al/uaud et Jeannel, no. 29). 


? Frankliniella cephalica, Crawf. 


The species I recorded from ‘Trinidad as F, melanommata, 
Williams, is not truly referable to that species. I believe 
that it is referable to cephalica, but unfortunately the anal 
segments of the male of neither species is described satis- 
factorily, no mention being made of the specialized dorsal 
spines of the ninth tergite. 


264 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


In the type-specimen g of melanommata the chief bristles 
at hind angles of abdominal segments 9 and 10 are long and 
moderately stout, whilst there is a pair of short rather slender 
sete on the ninth tergite placed close to the posterior margin, 
one on each side of the mid-line, the distance separating them 
being about 0°6 the length of the seta, and a long bristle 
situated between the postero-median pair and the posterior 
angles. 

In my Trinidad examples now doubtfully referred to 
cephalica there is a single available g, the bristles at poste- 
rior angles of the abdominal segments 9 and 10 are very 
much stouter; there is a pair of postero-median setee much 
as in melanommata, but stouter and more spine-like, whilst 
there is a more widely separated pair of weaker and shorter 
sete situated on a higher plane, the arrangement being 
roughly an obverse arc. 


Frankliniella distinguenda, sp. n. 


? .—Lenegth c. 1:0 mm. 

Very like FF. melanommata, but paler, very slightly 
smaller, more slender, with distinctly shorter and_ stouter 
antenne. Head transverse, about 1°4 times as broad as 
long. Cheeks weakly arched, subparallel ; interocellar and 
postocular spines present, very short and weak. Antenne a 
little more than twice as long as the head, pale, first joint 
almost white, 3 to 4 faintly tinged with greyish-brown 
distally, 6 to 8 of a uniform light grey-brown. Relative 
length of antennal segments 3 to 8 approximately as 
follows :—54 (with pedicel) : 48 : 39:52: 8: 12. 

Pronotum longer than the head, the two pairs of bristles 
at posterior angles and the antero-angular pair long; the 
inner of the postero-angular pairs distinctly longer than the 
outer, about 0°55 as long as the pronotum ; the outer postero- 
angular and the antero-angular pair subequal, 0°4 the length 
of the pronotum. ‘The postero-marginal median pair smaller 
still, widely spaced, containing a pair of minor sete between 
them and three minor sete on each side. Number of spines 
on the costa, fore-vein, and hind-vein of fore-wing approxi- 
mately as follows:—23, 3+16, and 16 respectively. Seg- 
ments 9 and 10 of abdomen rather long, terminal bristles 
moderately long, slender. 


@.—Much asin the ?, smallerand more slender. Macro- 
chetze of the terminal abdominal segments long, stout. 
aes ; . : 
Tergite 9 as described for F. melanommata ; with a minor 


Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 265 


seta between the outer long pair of postero-marginal sete and 
the postero-angular macrochate. 


flab. SourH America, Puerto Max (Paraguay), 1905; 
D9? ¢ and 1 g with F. gemina and F. oxyura, spp. n. 
( Vezeny?). 


Franklimella gemina, sp. n. 


? .—Tihus species is so like F. distinguenda that a separate 
description is unnecessary. It is chiefly recognized by the 
well-developed cephalic and the longer antero- and postero- 
marginal pronotal seta. The anteune are comparatively a 
little longer and apparently a shade more slender; the relative 
lengths of joints 8-8 are approximately :—58 :54:42:56:9 
and 13. 

The comparative lengths of the cephalic and pronotal 
macrocheetee are as follows :— 


F. gemina. F-. distinguenda, 


Heap: 
isi Gerace) beans oe aestacel ge oo yee ‘acces 4 al oo 18 8 
(BOStOCWIAE oe nace ste cons Mele val iare coke 13 7 
PRONOTUM: 
LATO OMAR. iat evict’. eb «este a phe 24 19 
Antero-marginal .....,. Mot Siefaieiey acetal e 20 11 
Postero-angular, outer.............. 20 19 
7 fer TMNGE GS, eer ps} 6 a5 QT 26 
Postero-marginal, median .......... 15 11 


$.—With the distinguishing cephalic and pronotal cheeto- 
taxy asin the ¢. Terminal segments with the macrochetee 
longer than in distiénguenda, but the inner pair of specialized 
sete of the ninth tergite shorter and less slender ; otherwise 
as in distinguenda. I can find no trace of a minor seta 
between the long outer pair of tergal setee and the postero- 
angular macrocheete. 


Hab. SouTtH AMERICA, Puerto Max (Paraguay), 1905; 
32 ¢ andl ¢ with F. distinguenda and F. oxyura, spp. n. 
(Vezeny?). 


b. Larger dark brown species, antennal joints 3 to 5 and base 


of 6 light yellow. 


Frankliniella fulvipes, sp. n. 


9? .—Length about 1:3 mm. 
Colour chestnut-brown ; first two antennal joints light 


266 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


brown, 3 to 5 and basal third of 6 very pale creamy yellow, 
almost white, and 6 distally and style light grey-brown ; fore- 
wings dark brown, basal fourth or thereabouts much lighter ; 
fore-femora yellowish-brown, all tibiee and tarsi pale yellow, 
sometimes lightly touched with pale grey-brown. 

Head as in F’, insularis, narrowed posteriorly and about 
1:3 as wide across eyes as long; postocular and interocellar 
bristles well-developed, approximately 0°7 and nearly 1:0 the 
length of the eye respectively, the postocular pair almost 
touching the hind margins of the eyes. Antenne about 2°5 
times as long as the head, general form much as in F. insu- 
laris, with apical setz of intermediate joints very long and 
strong; relative lengths of joints 3 to 8 approximately as 
follows :—76 : 67: 48: 57: 10: 20. 

Pronotum 1°3 times as long as the head, transverse ; -macro- 
cheetez as in insularis, almost subequal in length, the inner 
antero-marginal pair being nearly 0°9 or more the length of 
pair at posterior angles, which latter are 0°6 the length of the 
pronotum. Legs normal, pair of stout dark spinelets at 
apex of fore and intermediate tibia within and the series on 
the inner edge of hind tibize numbering 8 or 9, the pair at 
apex being long, stout, and straight, approximately 0°8 the 
width of the tibie near apex. Wings normal, spines of costa, 
fore-vein, and hind-vein numbering about 26, 19, and 17 
respectively. 

Abdomen slightly broader than pterothorax; last two 
segments inclined to be darker than the rest of the body; 
seement 10 divided for the most of its length above; terminal 
bristles long, stout, dark. 


This species comes nearest to /. insularis (Franklin), but 
is readily recognized by the coloration of the antennee and 
the relative lengths of the joints, and the coloration of the 
tibiee. 


Hab. South America, Tucuman (Argentine); 4 2 2, 
November 1905 (Vezeny?), with F’. setipes, sp. n. 


Frankliniella setipes, sp. 0. 


?.—Length about 1:5 mm. 

Colour uniform dark chestnut-brown, fore-tibiee inclined to 
be lighter ; all tarsi pale yellow ; first two antennal joints 
concolorous with head, joints 3 to 5 and basal half of 6 pale 
lemon-yellow, distal half of 6 and style pale grey-brown. 

Head not noticeably convergent posteriorly, about 12 


Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 267 


times as broad as long ; postocular and interocellar bristles as 
in F’, fulvipes, sp. n., 0°8 and 1:1 times the length of the eye 
respectively. Antenne as in FP. fulvipes, about 2°3 times 
the length of the head; relative lengths of joints approxi- 
mately as follows :—65: 54: 44:53:10: 18. 

Pronotum slightly longer than the head, transverse ; 
macrochete as in /. fulvipes, but not quite so long compared 
to the length of the pronotum. Minor sete of both head and 
pronotum stronger and more conspicuous than in J, fulvipes. 

Legs normal, spines at inner apical margin of tibia not so 
stout as in fulvipes; minor sete numerous, longer and more -° 
conspicuous, giving the legs a distinctly setose appearance 
even under a low-power objective. 

Wings coloured as in F. fulvipes ; curled in the available 
material, and therefore a count of the wing-spines is im- 
possible. 


This species is separated from FP. fulvipes by the longer 
head, which is not convergent posteriorly, the shorter 
antennee, and the colour of the tibie. It is a larger, darker, 
and coarser insect, and distinctly more spinose. Both setipes 
and fulwipes here described may be separated from all other 
described forms by the distinctive coloration of the antenna. 


Hab. Sourn America, Tucuman (Argentine); 3 2 2, 
with LF’, fulvipes, sp.n., Nov. 1905 (Vezenyz). 


ce. Dark species, colour of antenne otherwise. 


Frankliniella oxyura, sp. n. 


2 .—Leneth c. 1:05 mm. 

Colour brown, abdomen generally darker than head and 
pronotum; pterothorax furnished with a good deal of red 
hypoderma] pigmentation ; femora brown, the fore-pair 
yellowish distally ; all tibize and tarsi yellow, the hind pair 
lightly tinged with faint grey-brown in some specimens. 
Autennz brown, joint 2 slightly darker than 1, 3 pale greyish 
yellow, and 4 yellowish brown, lighter basally. Wings 
yellowish brown, lighter, but not conspicuously so, in the 
basal fourth. General colour yellowish-brown in light 
specimens. 

Head approximately 1:3 times as broad as long, cheeks 
practically parallel. Interocellar setee apparently obsolete, 
postocular pair minute and inconspicuous. Antenne about 
2°2 times the length of the head, rather stout, segments 2, 3, 


268 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


and 4 plainly broader than 6. Relative lengths of joints 3 to 
8 approximately as follows :—42 (including pedicel) : 39:27: 
41:7:9. 

Pronotum a little longer than the head, transverse; seta at 
each anterior angle about 0°3. and the outer pair at each 
posterior angle 0-4 the length of the pronotum ; the inner 
postero-angular pair slightly longer than the outer. The 
antero-marginal and the postero-marginal median pair shorter, 
about 0°2 the length of the pronotum. Legs normal, series 
of spines of hind tibize within numbering 8 to 9; not particu- 
‘larly streng or conspicuous. Wings reaching to the seventh 
abdominal segment, fore-wings about thirteen times as long 
as broad near middle, veins strong, ribbed; bristles mode- 
rately long; costa, fore-vein, and hind-vein with about 23, 
3+15 (13 to 17), and 14 (12 to 16) bristles respectively, 
apparently variable ; cilia of lower margin wavy. 

Abdomen elongate, a little broader than the pterothorax, 
with the last segments more than particularly long and 
sharply pointed. Last segment about 0°6 as broad at base 
as long, open for most of its length dorsally. Bristles on 
segments 9 and 10 moderately long, slender, the longest 
scarcely as long as the length of segment 10. ‘l'ergite 8 with 
a regularly set fringe of about twelve hair-like chitinous 
projections, long and fragile, with stout bases. 


Recognized from the other small brown species of the 
genus—tympanona, minuta, and fusca—by the coloration of 
the antennee and legs, and distinctive on account of the shape 
of the end of the abdomen. 


Hab. Sourn America, Puerto Max (Paraguay); 1905, 
? 2 only (Vezenyi). 


Frankliniella insularis (Franklin). 


Hab. Sourn America, Los Trincheras (Venezuela) ; 
Dec. 1891, both sexes (Aeinert). 


Frankliniella varicorne, sp. n. 


¢ .—Lenegth about 1:2 mm. 

General colour yellowish-brown ; head inclined to be 
lighter, shaded with grey, and abdomen of a deeper grey- 
brown. Thorax with light red hypodermal pigmentation. 
Wings very lightly washed with a suspicion of greyish- 
yellow, cilia light grey-brown. Antennze with joints 2 and 
6 to 8 dark Lrown, 1 very pale greyish-yellow, 3 and 5 dirty 


Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 269 


yellow shaded lightly with grey-brown in the distal half or 
thereabouts; 4 also yellow but more deeply shaded with 
grey-brown in the distal two-thirds or thereabouts. Legs 
more or less yellowish, femora lightly touched with grey- 
brown. 

Head transverse, about 1°5 times as broad as long, sides 
convergent posteriorly ; interocellar and postocular bristles 
long and prominent, the former being decidedly the longer. 
Antenne apparently more than 2°5 times as long as the 
head, only moderately stout, much as in J’. stylosa, Hood, 
with the relative length of the joints 3 to 8 as follows :— 
d9 (with pedicel) : 52: 39: 53: 8: 9. 

Pronotum large, about 1:3 times as long as the head ; 
bristles long and stout, the inner of the two bristles at each 
hind angle the longest of all, about 0°6 the length of the 
pronotum, the outer only about 0°7 the length of the inner, 
The bristles at each anterior angle also long, but the antero- 
marginal pair much shorter and the postero-marginal median 
pair shortest of all, about 0°3 the length of the pronotum, 
Legs normal, moderately long and stout. Fore-wing with 
25, 3 (or 4) +18, and 19 scte on the costa, fore-vein, and 
hind-vein respectively. 

Abdomen of normal form, comb on posterior margin of 
tergite 8 apparently present but indistinct in the single 
preparation ; segment 10 open dorsally ; bristles on 9 and 10 
long, dark, and moderately strong. 


gd .—Scarcely 0°9 mm. in length, very slender, yellow, 
suffused almost entirely with a light grey to grey-brown. 
Antennal coloration much as in 2, but generally paler, with 
the shading of 4 and 5 more clearly defined. Sides of head 
scarcely convergent. 

Relative lengths of antennal joints 3 to 8 approximately as 
follows :—46 (with pedicel) : 40 :32:44:7:8. Costa, 
fore-vein, and hind-vein with 24, 8+15, and 15 sete respec- 
tively. Macrochete of abdominal segments ‘stout, dark; 
tergite 9 with a pair of postero-marginal median stoutish 
spines flanked by a long bristle on either side, broadly as in 
F. melanommata. 


This species differs from both #. schultzet (Tryb.) and 
F. stylosa, Hood, in the subequal joints of the antennal style. 
It comes very close to the Kuropean F’, zntonsa, but is recog- 
nized by the longer prothorax, the inequality of the pronotal 
bristles, and the less strong terminal macrozheete in the 3. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 20 


270 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 


Hab. CANADA, Semans, Sask.; 1 9 and 2 ¢ g on Petalo- 
stemon purpureum, 4, vill. 1917 (A. H. Cameron, no, 27). 


Genus Kururips, Targ-Tozz. 
a. Sith antennal joint entire. 


Euthrips citricinctus, sp. n. 

Length c. 1:0 mm. 

Head, pronotum, abdominal segments 1, 2, and 6 to 10 
deep blackish chestnut-brown ; pterothorax brown, abdo- 
minal segments 3 to 5 and base of 6 lemon-yellow. Fore- 
wings tinted light greyish-yellow, basal fourth lighter and a 
darker ill-defined brown patch in the second fourth. Hind- 
wing with dark median vein extending into distal fourth. 
Anterior legs yellow; intermediate pair of femora yellow 
faintly shaded with grey-brown (the rest of the middle pair 
of legs are not present in the type-specimen) ; hind-femora 
yellow-brown ; tibize yellow tinged with grey to grey-brown. 
Antenne brown, with joints 3 and 4 light greyish-yellow, 3 
being lighter than 4, extreme base of 5 yellowish. 

Head 0°9 as long as broad, rounded between eyes ; dorsal 
surface posteriorly transversely striate. Eyes moderately 
coarsely facetted ; ocelli rather widely separated, with strong 
crescentic hypodermal pigmentation; mouth-cone long. An- 
tennze about 1°5 or 1°6 times as long as the head. Relative 
lengths of joints 4 to 8 as follows *:—10:10:14:3:4. 

Pronotum quadrate, as long as the head, slightly broader 
basally, where it is 0°8 (or more) as broad as long. 

Pterothorax about as long as broad, mesothorax broader 
than the metathorax. Wings reaching to the eighth abdo- 
minal segment, fore-wings broad, about fourteen times as 
long as broad across the middle ; spines very minute, 8 or 9 
on the upper and 8 on the lower vein ; lower fringes of all 
wings wavy. 

Abdomen elongate-ovate, distally obconical. Tergite 8 
with a fringe on posterior margin; the lateral sete each on a 
broad triangular base. Segment 10 open dorsally. Apical 
bristles fairly long, dark. 


This species very closely approaches Karny’s 2. flavi- 
cinctus from Java. I am unable to identify it with his 


* On account of the angle at which the basal part of each antenna is 
mounted, I cannot give a description of joints 1 to 3, 


Mr. R. S, Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 271 


species, however, on account of the very different colouring 
of the legs, the shorter antenne, and the form of the fore- 
part of the head. 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 


Hab. Inpia, N. Malabar, on arrowroot-leaves ; 1 ?, Sept. 
1918 (Ramakrishna). Reg. 337. 


b. Sixth antennal joint divided. 


Euthrips cameroni, sp. n. 
? .—Length 1°25 mm. 


Belonging to the section of the genus containing JF, 
obscurus (Mill.) and E. secticornis (Tryb.), both of which 
are known from North America. 

Head yellowish, but largely shaded with dark grey-brown ; 
pronotum yellow more lightly shaded with grey-brown ; 
prothorax yellowish, but mostly shaded with brown. Abdo- 
men uniform chestnut-brown, the segments 9 and 10 darker ; 
legs yellowish, lightly shaded with grey-brown. First an- 
tennal joint yellowish, shaded with grey-brown, second 
brown; third yellow; fourth light grey-brown, basally 
yellow; 5 to 8 dark chestnut-brown, 5 with extreme base 
yellowish. Wings light greyish-yellow. 

Head as long as broad; eyes occupying about 0°45 the 
total length of head; ocelli with deep crescentic crimson 
hypodermal pigmentation. Antenne not quite twice as long 
as the head; joint 3 longer and narrower than 1, 2, 4, or 5 
and as long as 6 (with divided part) and much narrower ; 
fusiform and pedicellate. Joints 2 to 8 broadly as follows *:— 
9 : 22 (with pedicel) : 18: 15 : 22 (with divided part): 4: 5. 
Pronotum subquadrate, as long as the head and a little broader 
near base than long. Wings well-developed, spines of fore- 
Wings minute, apparently few and sparse on upper vein, 
about 10 on lower vein. 

Abdomen elongate-ovate, tapering somewhat apically ; 
tenth segment open dorsally, bristles long and _ strong. 
Fringe of posterior margin of tergite 8 moderately long 
and even. 


3g .—A male example is mounted laterally. It is smaller 
than the 9 and apparently lighter in colour. The special 
series of spines on tergite 8 very stout as in Physothrips 


* Unfortunately mounted at an angle. 


20* 


272 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


lefroyi, Bagn., and set on tubercles ; the inmost pair longer, 
stouter, and on a higher plane, another pair more widely 
spaced and close to posterior margins (on account of the 
lateral view it is impossible to say where there are one or 
two pairs in this posterior series, but I am almost certain 
there is only one pair). 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 


Hab. CANADA, Semans, Sask., Aug. 4, 1917, 1 2 and 
1 g in injured wheat-stems (A. H. Cameron). 

This species is easily separated from L. obseurus, Miill., 
and FE. badius, Williams, by its coloration and from F. 
secticornis (Tryb.) by the 3rd antennal joint and the structure 
of the 5th and 6th joints in which H. cameroni agrees with 
obscurus. I have pleasure in naming the species after 
Dr. A. E. Cameron, of the Entomological Branch of the 
Canadian Dept. of Agriculture, who discovered it whilst 
investigating wheat-pests. 


Genus LIMPHYSOTHRIPS, nov. 


General appearauce of Physothrips and, although the 
antennse are broken in the unique preparation, it will almost 
certainly be found that the style is two-jointed. 

Pronotum with two long bristles at posterior angles. Fore- 
tibiee unarmed. Both veins of fore-wing regularly set with 
long bristles. 

Tenth segment divided dorsally and armed with a very 
stout pair of dorsal spines at apex as in Limothrips. 

Differs from all genera excepting Limothrips in the pre- 
sence of the strong spines of the tenth abdominal segment. 
It further differs from Physothrips in.the chetotaxy of the 
fore-wings and from Qdontothrips in the unarmed fore-tibia. 
From Limothrips it differs in the general character of the 
wings, head, and prothorax, and in the absence of the 
additional stout spines present in the eighth abdominal seg- 
ment of that genus. 


Type. Limphysothrips paradoxus, mili. 


Limphysothrips paradoxus, sp. 0. 


With the characters of the genus. 

2? —Length c. 1:3 mm. 

Colour brown, wings with a yellowish tinge; fere-femora 
yellowish distally, fore-tibize and all tarsi yellowish ; inter- 
mediate and hind tibiee yellowish at extremities. Basal joints 


Mr, R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 273 


light grey-brown shading to yellow-brown at apex of 
2nd joint. 

Head tranverse, cheeks slightly widened and set with 
several short setee behind eyes. Hyes coarsely facetted and 
minutely setose. Inter-ocellar bristles very long. 

Pronotum transverse ; bristles at hind angle long and 
stout. Wings long, reaching to apex of abdomen. Sete of 
fore-wings long, those of costa very long, numbering 26 ; 
fore-vein 3+16 and lower vein 15. 

Abdominal segment 10 cylindrical, open above with a pair 
of very stout horn-like dorsal spines at apex, and a pair of 
lateral apical bristles longer than the segment bearing them. 
Posterior bristles of 9 placed somewhat back, the lateral pairs 
long, longer than or as long as the segments 9 and 10 to- 
gether, an inner dorsal pair about 0°15 the length of the 
longer ones. A short dorsal pair, widely spaced. 


Hab. GERMAN East Arrica, Alpine prairies around Bis- 
marckhiigel, altitude about 2700 metres, 1 9, April 1912 
(Alluaud et Jeannel, no. 70). 


Suborder T'UBULIFERA. 
Family Phleothripide. 
Genus Haplothrips. 
a, Fore-wings with duplicated cilia, slender, clouded. 
Haplothrips pictipes, sp. n. 

9 —Length 1:2 mm. to 1:3 mm., breadth of mesothorax 
c. 0°28 mm. 

Colour dull chestnut-brown, tube darker basally ; fore- 
femora yellowish distally ; all tibie light yellow, more or less 
shaded with grey-brown except the base of intermediate pair 
and the basal two-fifths of the hind pair; the shaded part 
usually flecked with darker brown on the outer margin of the 
tibia. Antenne brown, joint 3 yellow touched with light 
grey-brown in the distal half, 4 yellowish or greyish-yellow 
distally and basally. Wings clouded, clear basally, darkest 
before middle and lighter distaily. 

Head about as broad as long and 1°25 times as long as the 
pronotum ; cheeks distinctly narrowed near base ; eyes occu- 
pying about 0°38 the length of the head. Ocelli large, placed 
on a swelling with a strong hypodermal pigmentation ; front 
one directed forwards, hind pair placed above a line drawn 
across the centre of the eyes ; postocular bristles moderately 


274 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


long, about 0°26 the length of the head, fundibuliform. 
Antenne approximately twice as long as the head, segments 
3 and 4 subequal, and 5 to 7 slightly shorter and also approxi- 
mately subequal ; relative lengths of 3 to 8 as follows :—36: 
35 : 30 : 30: 30: 21. 

Pronotum transverse, nearly twice as broad as long ; all 
setee present, dilated apically and well-developed ; those at 
posterior angles longest, about 0°4 the length of pronotum ; 
the postero-marginal and mid-lateral pairs 0°35 and the antero- 
marginal pairs 0°3 the length respectively. Fore-femora 
stout ; fore-tarsi each armed with a short tooth. Fore-wings 
normal, cilia sparse, few and widely spaced, duplicated cilia 
in three specimens § : 6,5: 6 and 5: 7 respectively. 

Abdomen not as broad as the pterothorax, tube 0°75 to 0°8 
the length of the head, about 0:45 as broad at base as long, 
and half as: broad at apex as at base. Apical hairs longer 
than tube, dark in the basal two-thirds but losing colour and 
very slender distally. Abdominal bristles light-coloured, the 
longest on segment 9 about 0°6 the length of tube, and colour- 
less distally ; those on 7 the same length, but stouter. 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 


Hab. IxpiA, Taliparamta, Malabar, on diseased pepper- 
berries, September 1918 (Ramakrishna), Reg. no. 348. 


b. Fore-wings without duplicated cilia. 


Haplothrips unicolor, sp. n. 


?.—Length 1°5 to 1:6 mm., breadth of mesothorax c. 
0°3 mm. 

Colour of a uniform deep black-brown including tarsi, fore- 
tibize yellowish-brown distally ; third antennal joint a little 
lighter in shade than the others. Wings, excepting scale 
which is brown, clear. 

Head rather large, divergent posteriorly (though this may 
have been caused in mounting), and about 1°5 times as long 
as the pronotum ; ocelli situated well forward on a produced 
prominence, the anterior ocelli overhanging and well in front 
of a line drawn across the anterior margins, of the eyes. 
Antenne about 1°5 times as long as the head; joint 4 
broader than any of the others ; relative length of segments 
3 to 8 approximately as follows :—44 : 47 : 44: 42: 38: 24, 


last two joints closely united, 4 to 7 each with a narrow 
basal constriction. 


Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 275 


Pronotum transverse, sete at each hind angle colourless, 
blunt, and about 0°6 the length of the pronotum ; others 
apparently vestigial. Wings well-developed, constricted 
near middle, clear, and fore-wings without duplicated cilia. 
Cilia comparatively few and not close. Fore-tibize normal, 
fore-tarsus with a very small tooth. 

Abdomen somewhat heavy, as broad as or very slightly 
broader than the pterothorax, narrowing gently posteriorly, 
Tube about 0°7 the length of the head ; 0°6 as broad at 
apex as at base and more than twice as long as broad at base ; 
chitinous “‘rod” long. Apical hairs weak, colourless distally, 
about 0°8 the length of the tube. Abdominal bristles mode- 
rately long, colourless. 


3.—More slender, Fore-legs rather long and not strongly 
incrassate and fore-tarsal tooth (tucked under the prothorax 
in the unique preparation) apparently small. Spines at pos- 
terior angles of abdominal segments minute except on 8 and 9. 


Recognised by the colour, the clear wings, the absence of 
duplicated cilia in the fore-wings, and the apparent paucity 
of pronotal macrochete. H. nigricornis Bagn, (S. Africa), 
is a much larger and stouter insect, with closely ciliated 
wings. 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 
Hab. SoutTu AFRICA, Pirie, 4 2 2 and1 ¢. 


Podothrips varicornis, sp. n. 


& .—Slender ; length about 1:1 mm, 

Colour deep chestnut-brown ; fore-tibia and fore-tarsi 
yellow. First two antennal joints concolorous with head, 
3 light yellow with the distal third clouded with light grey- 
brown, 4 also yellow with the distal two-thirds light grey- 
brown; 5 and 6 light brown, basally light yellowish, 7 and 8 
grey-brown. Wings clear basally and distally, but medianly 
clouded with a smoky-brown. 

Head 1:2 to 13 times as long as broad, cheeks faintly 
arched and evidently slightly convergent posteriorly ; ocelli 
well forward, with the anterior one overhanging. Postocular 
spines well back. Antenne not quite twice as long as the 
head, segments 3 and 4 broadly clavate and much broader 
than the following ; relative lengths of joints’3 to 8 approxi- 
mately as follows :—39: 40:37 : 35:36:24. Pronotum 
about O°9 the length of the head, transverse; all sete 


276 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 


apparently present, short, dark, slender but blunt at ends ; of 
the two at each hind angle the outer is about 0°34 and the 
inner 0°26 the length of the pronotum, whilst the seta at each 
anterior angle is only about 0°2 the length. Wings slender, 
sub-linear, slightly constricted medianly ; cilia comparatively 
sparse and distant ; fore-wing with duplicated cilia. Legs 
comparatively stout, fore-legs incrassate, fore-tibiee short, 
only about 0°5 the length of the femur ; the end within pro-. 
duced into the form of a tooth; tarsus armed with a strong 
sharp tooth. 

Tube stout, about 0°8 the length of the head, about 0°7 as 
broad at apex as at base and a little more than twice as long 
as broadat base. ‘Terminal hairs weak, colourless terminally, 
and longer than the tube. Abdominal bristles somewhat 
long, slender ; those on segment 9 as long as or slightly 
longer than the tube. 


ype. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford, 


Hab. Soutu Arrica, Cape Town, 1 ¢ in flower of Sugar 
Bush (Protiacta), July 13th, 1914 (H. B. Poulton). 


aay : 
Trichothrips melanurus, sp. n. 


9 .—Forma aptera. Length c. 1:4 mm. 

This species comes into the section of the genus containing 
yellowish to brown species, and having the tube shorter than 
the head and the mouth-cone reaching across the prosternum. 
It most closely approaches 7’. semicwcus, Uzel, from which it 
differs in the shorter tube, coloration of the body, and 
appendages. 

Flead and prothorax brown, pterothorax and abdominal 
segments 1 to 8 more or less irregularly brown. Abdominal 
segment 9 yellow and tube deep black; except for extreme 
base and apex where it is brown. All femora light brown, 
fore-femora yellow apically ; all tibia and tarsi light lemon- 
yellow, more chitinous part of end tarsal joints black-brown. 
Antennal joint 1 light brown, 2 yellowish tinged with brown, 
3 light lemon-yellow with distal half light yellow-brown, 4 
dark brown in distal half, basal half light lemon-yellow, 
5 and 6 distally dark brown with approximately the basal 
third and fourth leht lemon-yellow ; 7 and 8 wholly dark 
brown. ‘he head is as long as broad, slightly longer than 
the pronotum, with the cheeks subparallel, only slightly 
narrowed at base and the front straight, so that the head is 
practically square with the two fore-corners cut off by the 
eyes. ‘The eyes are small, the space between them wide and 


New Geometridee in the Joicey Collection. 277 


dorsally occupying less than 0°2 the total length of the head. 
Postocular bristles long, colourless. Ocelli present, well for- 
ward. Antenne twice as long as the head ; relative lengths 
of joints 3 to 8 approximately as follows:—51 : 50: 43: 42: 
36: 24.. Joint 4 broader than 3 or 5; 3 claviform, 4 clavi- 
form; 5 subclavate, stemmed; 6 also stemmed, and 7 
constricted at extreme base to a very short stem, Sense- 
cones stout, rather blunt. 

Pronotum transverse, a little more than twice as broad as 
long. All setze present, practically colourless and therefore 
inconspicuous ; those at posterior angles the longest, the 
outer and inner being 0°55 and 0°45 the length of the pro- 
notum respectively ; mid-lateral pair short and the pair at 
anterior angles about 0°25 the length. Fore-femora slightly 
incrassate and fore-tarsus toothed. Pterothorax not as broad 
as the width across the fore-coxe, about 0°75 as long 
as broad. 

Abdomen slightly broader than the pterothorax ; roundly 
narrowed apically, bristles moderately long, colourless, and 
inconspicuous. ‘Lube about 0°75 the length of the head ; 
2°25 times as broad at base as at apex, sides straight and 
evenly narrowed. Apical hairs weak, short, about 0°5 the 
length of the tube. 


Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford. 
Hab, AustraxiA, F. Tl. Gulley, 27. 10. 13 (Ff. Spry). 


This is the only data at my disposal. 


XXVI.—wNew Species and Forms tn the Joicey Collection. 
By Louis B. Prout. 


Fam. Geometride. 
Subfam. G/vocnrominaZ. 


1. Cartaletis gracilis landbecki, subsp. n. 

Like gracilis variegata, Prout (Nov. Zool. xxii, p. 274), in 
the extension of the fulvous markings, but distinguished by 
having these of the pale shade of forbest, Druce, whereas in 
g. vartegata they are of the warm reddish shade of sapor, 
Druce, or of Paraptychodes tenuis, Butl. The most constant 


278 Mr. L. B. Prout on new Geometridee 


point of distinction between g. gracilis and its more southerly 
races is the absence of black costal dusting on the proximal 
part of the fore wing in the latter ; in g. gracilis the costa is 
black or blackish to the base. Hxcept at. the base and on 
the hind wing g. landbecki is individually very variable; the 
pale fulvous shade may disappear before one-third of the 
costa, and not reappear, or it may reappear as an isolated 
spot in the region of the distant areole, or with a large spot 
at base of veins R*-M?, or it may run broadly to beyond 
middle of costa, becoming confluent with the last-named spots 
(name-type), and there may even be a further extension of 
the outer spots into an irregular band proximal to the black 
border and reaching SM’. 

Upper Kasai District; Congo Free State (P. Landbeck) ; 
736 incoll. Joicey. : 

It may be pointed out that landbeck?, Druce (Ann. & Mag. 
Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 400), wrongly described as an Alet/s, 
and cited there by me in Lep. Cat. viii. p. 79, is a Mimaletis 
(subfamily Geometrine), so that there is no fear of collision 
in the use of this subspecific name. 


Subfam. //zurryHEmva. 


2. Thalassodes clarifimbria, sp. n. 
9 + 42-49 mm. 


Face reddish brown. Palpus somewhat more reddish, 
beneath yellow-white ; third joint relatively short, about half 
as long assecond. Vertex and antennal shaft white; occiput 
green; thorax and abdomen green above, unmarked ; beneath 
white to whitish. 

Fore wing green, rather duller and bluer than in semd- 
hyalina, Walk., the white strigulation rather strong ; costal 
edge yellow at extremity, then whitish ; lines white, rather ~ 
faint, obsolete costally ; antemedian placed as in the allies; 
postmedian rather far from termen anteriorly, reaching 
hind margin at two-thirds; fringe almost white. 

Hind wing with termen more feebly bent at R* than in the 
allies, excepting perhaps semihyalina; concolorous with fore 
wing, the elougate cell-mark and the postmedian line both 
present, but rather indistinct. 

Underside paler green, almost unmarked ; fore wing with 
costal edge pale yellow ; both wings with fringe whitish. 

Ceylon: Maskeliya, Aug. 1905 (type) and June (G. C. 
Alston), in coll. Joicey ; Hakgale, April 1907 (EL. EZ. Green), 
in coll. Brit. Mus.; the latter yellower green, perhaps faded. 

Distinguishable from the allies by the whiter fringes and 


in the Joicey Collection. 279 


browner face ; also (except from semihyalina, which has a 
white dorsal line and is, especially in Ceylon, much smaller) 
by the shape. Assuming that the g has non-dilated hind 
tibia, the natural position will be next to the last-named 
species. 


Subfam. Srerrurz. 
3. Scopula linearis, f. alstoni, form. n. 


& 2 .—Differs from name-typical “inear’s, Hmpsn. (Ill. 
Het. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 123), in that the incurved portions of 
the postmedian line (between the radials and behind M?— 
both here conspicuously blackened) are followed distally by 
dark patches (ochreous irrorated with black, especially at 
their distal extremity) about as in stigmata, Moore, or some 
forms of walkeri, But). 

Ceylon: Uva, 500 feet, May (G. C. Alston), a pair in 
coll. Joicey ; also a poor g from Pundaloya (Z. EZ. Green), 
in coll, Brit. Mus. 

I have not seen the l/nearis form from Ceylon, so that this 
may well prove aconstant race, or even representative species, 
as I at first thought the hind tibia appeared still thicker ; but 
the known variability of some species of the group in respect 
of the postmedian blotches makes me hesitate until more 
material is available. Name-typical l/nearis is fairly frequent 
in the Nilgiri and Palni Hills, and occurs also in Sikkim and 
Bhotan ; from none of these localities have [ seen specimens 
approaching the alstond form. 


4, Scopula subpartita, sp. n. 


¢ .—26-28 mm. 

Face ‘brown-black, narrowly whitish below.  Palpus 
black above, ochreous whitish beneath. Vertex and antennal 
shaft light ochreous brown ; collar darker; antennal joints 
slightly projecting, ciliation nearly twice as long as diameter 
of shaft. Thorax and abdomen light ochreous brown, more 
whitish beneath ; abdomen dorsally with some black irrora- 
tion and ill-defined medio-dorsal spots. Fore leg and (more 
slightly) mid leg infuscated on upper and inner side ; hind 
tibia rather long, dilated, fringed above and with rather long 
whitish hair-pencil ; hind tarsus nearly one-third as long as 
tibia. 

Fore wing moderately broad, costa gently arched poste- 
riorly, termen smooth, little curved ; hght ochreous brown, 
appearing slightly darker and rougher than in most of the 
nesciaria group, on account of slight greyish suffusions and 


250 Mr. L. B. Prout on new Geometridse 


moderate blackish irroration; cell-dot black ; markings 
grey ; antemedian line ill-defined, strongly angled in cell, 
strongly oblique posteriorly, marked with slight shades on M 
and SM?; median shade rather thick, strongly oblique from 
middle of hind margin to Ri}, vertical to SC’, then oblique 
inward but indistinct; this shade very slightly incurved 
between SM? and M’ and between the radials, feebly dentate 
outwards on M?, M}!, and R*; postmedian fine, lunulate- 
dentate, formed about as in the allies, accentuated by small 
dark dashes on the veins; subterminal pale grey shades 
moderately developed, leaving the clear rather broad sub- 
terminal tolerably distinct, formed of a series of lunules 
which are in part almost separated by very fine darkening of 
the veins ; terminal black spots small but sharp ; fringe in 
proximal half concolorous, with some black irroration (espe- 
cially distally), in distal half paler, almost clear. 

Hind wing with termen convex, rather full about the 
middle, but with the bend at R® inappreciable ; proximally 
rather paler than fore wing, and without antemedian line, 
otherwise with the markings continued, the median shade 
straight or nearly so, ‘proximal to the cell-dot, the postmedian 
thicker than on fore wing, with the vein-dashes weaker. 

Underside paler, the fore wing, except at hind margin, with 
strong brownish-smoky suffusions from base to median shade ; 
minute black cell-dots present ; postmedian line of fore wing 
nearly as above, of hind wing fine and faint; subterminal 
shades slight; terminal dots present ; fringes concolorous, 
not irrorated. 

Khasis (native collector), type in coll. Joicey. Other 
examples merely labelled “ Assam.” 

Distinguishable from atlentata, patularia, etc., by the less 
short tarsus, spotted abdomen, sharply defined dark proximal 
area of fore wing beneath, and by the tone of colour. Females 
from the same source as the paratypes, and agreeing exactly 
in the last respect, fail, however, of the other distinctive 
characters, and have also slightly narrower wings, the termen 
of the hind wing rather less convex, more recalling the 
African khakiata, Warr., and can for the present only be 
cited here with a query. 


5. Scopula segregata, sp. n. 


gf .—23-25 mm. 
Face black. Palpus brown, mixed with black above and 
becoming pale beneath. Vertex white. Antenna ciliate 


in the Joicey Collection. 281 


(broken in both examples). Collar brown. Thorax above 
pale brown; abdomen whitish. Hind tibia slender, with 
long thin hair-pencil, spurs wanting ; tarsus as long as tibia. 

Fore wing with costa very gently arched, apex acute, 
termen oblique, straight anteriorly, very slightly curved 
posteriorly ; pale brown, with a tinge of fleshy-ochreous and 
with minute olive-grey irroration ; cell-dot minute, blaek ; 
antemedian line obsolete; median shade rather thick, grey, 
strongly oblique and straight from just beyond middle of 
hind margin to R* or SC’ midway between cell-dot and 
termen, then less oblique and much fainter; postmedian line 
fine, parallel and approximated to median; subterminal shades 
rather weaker and rather less oblique ; terminal line very 
fine, continuous, scarcely thickened between the veins; fringe 
concolorous or slightly more reddish, unmarked, 

Hind wing not broad, costal margin relatively long ; 
whiter than fore wing, especially proximally and costally ; 
irroration strongest in abdominal region; cell-dot minute, 
black ; median shade faint, only traceable in abdominal 
region ; postmedian and two subterminals fine, weak, fleshy- 
greyish, nearly parallel with termen, apparently (at least the 
postmedian) finely crenulate ; terminal line and fringe nearly 
as in fore wing. 

Fore wing beneath with ill-defined smoky suffusions as 
far as the median shade, hind wing rather more uniformly 
coloured than above ; both wings with markings nearly as on 
upperside, hind wing with terminal blackish dots. 

Teng-yueh-ting, W. China; 2 g g in coll. Joicey. 

Very distinct from any Indo-Australian Scopula known to 
me; more associated with the African group silonaria, Guen., 
commaria, Swinh., fragilis, Warr., ete. 


_ 6. Scopula petula, sp. n. 
3S 2? —31-33 mm. 


Coloration and aspect of napartata, Guen., or slightly 
warmer in tone. Antenna of ¢ with the fascicles of cilia 
considerably longer. Hind tarsus of ¢ considerably longer 
(at least 2 as long as tibia). 

Fore wing with termen more oblique, as long as hind 
margin ; cell-dot subobsolete or sharply black, but in any 
case placed on the posterior extremity of DC*; postmedian 
line at its costal extremity rather more displaced proximally, 
here somewhat thickened but vague; terminal dots rather 
large and sharp. 


282 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on 


Hind wing with terminal dots rather large and sharp. 

Underside similar to that of napariata, fore wing rather 
more suffused. 

Sierra del Libano, Dept. Magdaiena, Colombia, 6000 feet 
(11, H. Smith) ; type d and three ? @ in coll. Joicey. 


7. Scopula tovophora, sp. n. 


? .—25 mm. 

Nearest to habilis, Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. p. 31). Body 
and wings above and beneath much more ochreous. 

Fore wing with antemedian line curved in cell, not (as in 
habilis) angulated ; postmedian slightly less oblique, ante- 
riorly (about R’) forming a much stronger outward curve 
than in habilis; cell-dot obsolete. 

Hind wing with termen not appreciably elbowed; cell-dot 
obsolete. 

Fore wing beneath rather glossy, proximally somewhat 
suffused with rosy grey ; antemedian line and cell-dot obso- 
lete, postmedian line feeble, obsolete anteriorly ; hind wing 
unmarked; both wings with terminal line rather weaker than 
above. 

Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet, Oct.—Nov. 1912 
(@. L. Bates); type in coll. Joicey. 


XXVILI.—Notes on the Genus Cricetomys, with Descriptions 
of Four new Forms. By Martin A. C. HINTON. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


In determining some specimens of Cricetomys from Zanzi- 
bar and the southern part of the Congo Basin, I have had 
occasion to work through all the material in the British 
Museum. ‘This material, although extensive, is scarcely 
sufficient for an attempt to revise the whole genus. Many 
forms have been described, but with one exception all have 
been treated as mere subspecies of C. gambianus by modern 
workers—in my opinion, four species at least are at present 
included under the name. 


1. Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse. 


An examination of Waterhouse’s type shows that the name 
gambianus is applicable only to the harsh-furred white- 
bellied forms ranging eastwards from the Gambia and 


the Genus Cricetomys. - 283 


Senegal to the S.E. Soudan and the country between the 
Nile and the Congo. Southwards this species extends into 
Southern Nigeria and the Welle Basin, its range partly over- 
lapping that of the sleek-furred species of Western and 
Central Africa. 

C. gambianus, as I understand it, is a comparatively small 
species, in which the hind foot rarely measures more than 
65 mm., while the condylo-basal length of the adult skull 
rarely exceeds 67 mm. It has loose harsh fur, which varies 
in density according to the subspecies. The general dorsal 
colour is a rather cold grey, which may or may not be more 
or less darkened along the spine and over*the rump by long 
black hairs. The ears are dusky and in conspicuous contrast 
with the rest of the dorsal surface. ‘The underparts are 
white separated from the flanks by regular, though often not 
very sharp, lateral lines of demarcation, The feet are whitish 
above, with more or less extensive dusky markings, the 
proximal half or third of the tail is dusky, the remainder 
being white. 

The skull and teeth are vormal ; the palate without a post- 
terior median spine, but often with a minute median notch. 
‘The bullee show a certain amount of subspecific variation in 
size ; and more important variations, dependent upon the 
development of the jaw-muscles, are discoverable between 
the subspecies in the region of the infraorbital canal when 
the skulls are studied with sufficient care. 

Four subspecies, inclusive of a new one described below, 
are now known ; but others will probably deserve recognition 
when further material comes to hand. These subspecies are :— 


1, C. 4. gambianus, Waterhouse. 
Gambia and Senegal; type B.M. 55. 12. 24. 136 from 
the Gambia. 
2. C.g. dichrurus, Osgood. 
_ Anambara River, 8. Nigeria; type B.M. 5.12.1. 21, 
2? adolescent. 
3. C. g. olivie, Dollman. 
Bornu, N. Nigeria; type B.M. 11. 5. 12. 9, male. 
4, C. 9. grahami, subsp. n. 


C. gambianus graham, subsp. n. 


Type-—An adult male (B.M. 19. 3.2.1), collected on 
November 1, 1918, on the Nuba Mountains, S.E. Soudan 
(altitude 1500’), by Major C. Graham and presented by him 
to the National Collection, No other specimen known, 


284 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on 


Deseription.—In dorsal colour this form makes a nearer 
approach to dichrurus than to other subspecies of gambianus ; 
‘but the cranial characters are closely similar to those of olivie. 

In its harsh loose fur, cold grey dorsal colour, and sharply 
contrasted dusky ears, C. g. grahami resembles the other 
races of gambianus. In general external appearance, length 
and quality of the fur, markings of the hands and feet, and 
in the relative proportions of the black and white of the tail 
it agrees best with dichrurus. In the latter the black hairs 
of the back are so abundantly developed that one could 
almost describe the rump as being “clouded” with black ; 
in grahami this i8 not the case, although the black hairs are 
far more numerous and obvious than in true gumbianus and 
olivie., The specimens obtained by Emin Pasha in Monbuttu 
are lighter-coloured and have thinner fur. 

In the skull the nasals are a.little shorter relatively than in 
gambianus and dichrurus, about as in olwvice ; nasal length 
equals 40°4°/, of condylo-basal length in grahami, 39°5-40°1 °/, 
in olivie, and 41°5-42°4°/, in gambeanus and dichrurus. The 
anterior palatal foramina are also short’ relatively ; their 
length equals 8°6 °/, of condylo-basal length in grahami, 
8:°9-11'6 °/, in olivie, and 11°7-13 °/, in dichrurus and 
gambianus. 

As is well known, the cranial differences observable 
between closely allied species or subspecies of rodents chiefly 
involve characters which depend upon the greater or less 
development of one or other of the elements of the jaw- 
musculature. In order to appreciate such differences it 
seems better to compare the measurements relating to them 
with a standard representing the working surface of the jaws 
alone rather than with one which involves the brain-case as 
well; the length between the anterior face of the upper 
incisor and the posterior edge of m.° seems to be a good 
constant for such a purpose. In the subjoined table certain 
measurements relating to the masseter and temporal muscles 
are shown as percentages of this constant. With regard to 
the masseter system, the anterior part of the masseter medialis, 
passing through the infraorbital canal, would seem to be most 
strongly developed in gambianus and dichrurus, while its 
surface of origin is shortened and its bulk slightly reduced in 
grahami, the reduction in bulk being carried still further in 
olivie ; the development of the masseter lateralis in so far as 
it is indicated by the diameter of the zygomatic plate seems 
to stand, generally speaking, in an inverse relation to the 
development of masseter medialis. Characters dependent 
upon the development of the temporal and pterygoid muscles 


the Genus Cricetomys. 285 


may be similarly investigated ; but in the case of the 
temporalis, far greater changes transpire with advancing age 
than is the case with the masseter system. The material 
before me in the present instance is not rich enough in old 
skulls to lead to any definite result beyond the fact that the 
posterior portion of the temporalis is stronger in those forms 
with a relatively weak masseter medialis than in those in 
which the latter muscle is more powerfully developed :— 


Incisor to m.? = 100 :— 
Masseter medialis. grahami, olivie. gambianus, dichrurus. 


Length of preorbital fossa 
for origin of Masseter 
NLCONAIES) -. (5/4 stators nieve ; 

Greatest transverse dia- 
meter of infraorbital 
Canales ot caters ttehot Ste 


(du) 
ees 
bo 
(J) 
fl. 
ls) 
nee 
Or 
co 
> 
iG 
ive) 
J 
bee | 
OO 
~I 
co 


22°3-25°7 += 27°1-29°2 27 


Ro 
2 
Ct 


Masseter lateralis. 


Least antero-posterior dia- 
meter of outer wall of 


infraorbital canal .... 17'8 16°3-17°7  14°5-16°4 15-4 
Temporal. 


Mastoid breadth minus the 
least distance between 
temporal ridges behind. $827 31:2 29°1 28°8 


Collector's measurements of type.—Head and body 300 mm. ; tail 357 ; 
hind foot 70; ear 35 (hind-foot measurement too large, 65 on skin). 

Measurement of skull.—Condylo-basal length 62°4 ; zygomatic breadth 
31°7; interorbital constriction 9°38; mastoid breadth 23:4;  nasals 
25:2 x 88; incisor to m.* 34:3; diastema 20; length of anterior palatal 
foramina 6:4; length of preorbital fossa for masseter medialis 10°7 ; 
least diameter of zygomatic plate 6:1; molar crowns 10:4, 


2. The emini or sleek-furred group. 


In the southern part of the tract occupied by C. gambianus 
and in the forested region to the south of it we meet with a 
number of forms which, if judged by external appearance 
alone, would all be referred to one single species. ‘The forms 
in question range from the Gambia, Fernando Po, Gold 
Coast, and adjoining countries on the west, eastwards and 
southwards right through the Congo Basin; they appear also 
to have an outlying representative in the island of Zanzibar. 
All are characierized by the possession of soft, sleek, and silky 
fur, which varies in length and density in different parts of 
the enormous range indicated. Beneath the uniform coats a 
great wealth of variation is displayed in the skulls ; and IL 


Ann. & Mag. N, Hist, Ser. 9. Vol. iv, ZL 


286 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on 


believe that these forms represent several perfectly distinct 
species. It is difficult to compare skulls of poensis, dolichops, 
and emini without coming to such a conclusion. Far more 
material is needed, however, before any attempt to work 
out the relationships can succeed. On the present occasion 
I have to describe two new forms: one from the southern 
part of the Belgian Congo, best treated as a subspecies of 
C. emint, Wroughton ; the other from the island of Zanzibar, 
provisionally accorded full specific rank. 


Cricetomys emini sanctus, subsp. n. 


Type-—An adult male (teeth more than half-worn) 
collected at Inkongo, Sankuru, on August 27, 1912, by 
Mr. H. Wilson; B.M. 13. 4.7. 5. "No vother ‘specimen 
known. 

Description.—Compared with typical C. emint, this form 
differs in having much shorter and thinner, though equally 
sleek fur, and more importantly in its much paler coloration 
and smaller size. 

The back is a light brown approaching clay-colour, while 
the flanks are still lighter ; underparts pure white. The ears 
and a stripe extending forwards between the eyes dusky ; 
owing to the pallid dorsal coloration the ears are more 
strikingly contrasted with the pale cheeks and surrounding 
parts than in typical eminz. ‘The feet are brown, practically 
concolor with the back. The white of the tail occupies 
rather more than the terminal third. 

Apart from its smaller size the skull differs from that of 
typical eméni only in having relatively shorter palatal 
foramina; their length amounts to 9°8 ‘/, of the condylo- 
basal length instead of 11°7-13°4 °/, as in true emini. 


Collector's measurements.—Head and body 297 mm.; tail 395; hind 
foot 69; ear 38. 

Measurements of skull (with corresponding dimensions of the type of 
emini in brackets).—Condylo-basal length 65:1 (74:6); zygomatic 
breadth 30°8 (85:4); interorbital constriction 103 (11:4); mastoid 
breadth 23 (26°6); nasals 27°9 x 9:2 (82°7 x 11:1); incisor to m.° 35:7 
(40:2); diastema 22°] (24:1); length of anterior palatal foramina 6:4 
(9:5) ; length of preorbital fossa for masseter medialis 11°8 (15-6) ; least 
diameter zygomatic plate 5°6 (7); molar crowns 10:1 (11°4), 


Cricetomys cosenst, Sp. 0. 
Type—An adult female (B.M. 19. 6. 9. 20) collected by 


Mr. H. H. Swinny on the island of Zanzibar on April 29, 
1919; presented to the National Collection by Colonel Cosens, 


the Genus Cricetomys. 287 


In addition to the type we have from Zanzibar three speci- 
mens collected by Mr. J. T. Last and an adult male collected 
and presented by Dr. Aders. 

Description—Apart from its larger size this species is 
very similar in outward appearance to C. emini sanctus, just 
described. The fur is short and thin, but quite soft and 
sleek. In four of the specimens, including the type, the 
general colour of the back ranges from russet or cinnamon 
to mummy-brown; but one sent by Dr. Aders is consider- 
ably darker. There is no distinct trace of mid-dorsal 
darkening in any. The underparts are thinly clothed with 
pure white or yellowish hairs. The ears are brown, nearly 
matching the dorsal colour. The hands are whitish in colour 
from the wrists, The feet are dark brown above, with the 
digits and inner margins whitish. The terminal half of the 
tail is white. 

The skull is about as large as in emini (condylo-basal 
length 68-73°3 mm.), and considerably larger than in 
gambianus ; it agrees with that of emdéni further in its 
relatively small zygomatic breadth ; this dimension expressed 
as a percentage of the condylo-basal length ranges between 
46°7 and 47°8 in cosensi, 45°4-47°8 in emini, and 49-52°5 in 
gambianus. The anterior palatal foramina are relatively 
larger than in eminz, their lengths ranging between 12°5 and 
14:2 °/, of the condylo-basal length instead of between 9°8 
and 13°4 °/,, and the breadth 4°9-6°2 °/, instead of 4:3-4:8 °/.. 


In other respects the skull agrees with that of emin. 


Collector's measurements of type (with dimensions of Dr. Aders’s speci- 
men in brackets).—Head and body 343 (3869) mm. ; tail 390 (881); hind 
foot 70 (72); ear 41. 

Measurements of skull of type (with those of Dr. Aders’s specimen in 
brackets),—Condylo-basal length 72 (73°3); zygomatic breadth 33°6 
(34°7) ; interorbital constriction 11°3 (10°6); mastoid breadth 25:1 (25-4); 
nasals 31 x 10 (83°3 x 10); incisor to m.* 39°8 (40°7); diastema 24:2 
(24-7) ; length of anterior palatal foramina 10-2 (9°7); length of pre- 
orbital fossa for masseter medialis 14°4 (145); least diameter of 
zygomatic plate 6:3 (5°3) ; molar crowns 10°7 (10:7). 


Remarks.—The Zanzibar Cricetomys is of quite excep- 
tional interest, and I have much pleasure in naming it after 
Colonel Cosens, who is most generously finding the funds for 
Mr. Swinny’s collecting work. ‘The nearest geographical 
allies of C. cosenst are the mainland forms named by Heller 
C. g. enguvi and C. g. osgoodi; but these in common with 
the numerous mountain races described from East Africa 
are animals of a wholly different type. They resemble 


ambiinus, as well as the southern subspecies vitor, eunctator 
: i 


288 On the Genus Cricetomys. 


and adventor, described from the region between Lake Nyassa 
and Zululand, in having long loose fur which imparts a 
characteristic shagg appearance—and in their skulls, of 
course, they have their own peculiarities. On the other hand, 
cosenst is clearly very closely allied to the eeographically 
remote emini, differing from the typical race of the latter 


species in little beyond its paler coloration and thinner fur. 


3. Other groups. 


The discussion of the relationships of the KE. African 
members of the genus must be reserved for another occasion. 
Thomas has described a very distinct species, C. ansorgei, from 
Angola ; this animal is of large size and the characters of its 
coarse pelage, dark ventral coloration, large skull, and teeth 
have suggested a possible affinity with some of the E. African 
forms. The skull-characters, however, seem to show that 
there is no close affinity between ansorgei and the many 
mountain forms from HE. Africa. I would take this oppor- 
tunity to describe a Cricetomys from Lagos which, resembling 
ansorget in external appearance, is of far smaller size. It 
may be known as 


Cricetomys servorum, sp. 0 


Type.—An adult female (B.M. 10. 10. 24. 2) from Lagos; 
collected and presented by Captain Lawrence. 

Deseription.—This species closely resembles C. ansorgei in 
general appearance; it is distinguished by its much smaller 
size (hind foot about 60, instead of 72-79 mm.) and by 
various cranial peculiarities. 

The fur is loose, thin, and of harsh quality. The general 
dorsal colour is near mummy-brown gradually lightening to 
erey on the flanks ; the flank-colour merges insensibly in the 


o 
daik ashy grey of one underparts, the ventral hairs having 


slaty bases. Bars dull brown, sharply contrasted with the 
pale cheeks in front, but matching the dorsal colour behind. 
Hands and feet lighter dorsally, their colour being near 
Brussels brown; the digits and lateral margins whitish. 
The tip of the tail is white, but much of the caudal epidermis 
has peeled off in the type and only known specimen, so that 
it is uncertain how far upwards the white extends. 

The skull is distinguished from that of ansorge: by its 
much smaller size, small bullee, relatively shorter nasals 
longer diastema and anterior palatal foramina. It lacks the 


Method of taking the Iicisive Indew in Rodents. 289 


rather prominent postorbital processes which are characteristic 
of the larger species. 


Measurements.— Hind foot measured on the skin about 60 mm. 

Measurements of skull (with corresponding dimensions of a skull of 
ansorgei in parentheses).—Condylo-basal length 68°7 (77) mm. ; zygomatic 
breadth 33 ea. (38) ; interorbital constriction 10-2 (11°4) ; mastoid breadth 
24-2 (27:1); nasal 28x 10:1 (33x 10°5); incisor to m.° 36°8 (42°3) ; dia- 
stema 22 (23-9); length of anterior palatal foramina 88 (82) ; length of 
preorbital fossa for masseter medialis 14 (14); least diameter of zygo- 
matic plate 6:2 (8:1) ; molar crowns 10° (12'8). 


XXVIU.—The WWethod of taking the Incisive Index in 
Rodents. By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


THE angle at which rodent incisors protrude from the jaw 
has long been recognized as an important character of diffe- 
rent groups, but it is only recently that an attempt has been 
made to define that angle more exactly, instead of merely 
speaking of ‘incisors thrown forward” and so on. 


; ore ae ee 
(anny - 
My 
Zi. My 
= Upp, 


Diagram showing method of talking incisive index in rodents, 


This angle, when exactly measured and defined, proves 
to be exceedingly useful as a systematic character, but it is 
essential that the way it is taken should be clearly understood, 


290 Mr. H. E. Anudrewes on Oriental Carabideé. 


The line of the grinding-edge of the check-teeth being taken 
as a basis, the angle was in the first paper * deduced from 
that formed by the terminal part of the incisor; but later on ¢ 
I have found it better to use the whole extruded part of the 
latter tooth. But since the description of the taking of the 
angle might be easily misinterpreted, I have now had pre- 
pared the accompanying diagram showing the way the process 
is carried out and the angle read off. This will, I hope, 
facilitate the work of other observers. 

Incisors thrown forward are those with a high resultant 
angle, and might be called, as suggested in 1918 f, “ pro- 
odont,” upright ones (approximating 90°), ‘* orthodont,” and 
those turned in towards the throat, with low angular index, 
* opisthodont.”” 

The benefits of such definition as is given by a numerical 
angle have already been fully emphasized, and need not be 
here again detailed. 


XXIX.—Papers on Oriental Carabidee.—ILII. 
By H. E. AnpRrewes. 


CARABINI, 


Calosoma beesoni, sp. n. 


Length 24-25 mm. ; width 10°5 mm. 

Black ; vertex and sides of head, sides of prothorax, 
elytra, and underside (except along median line) zeneous. 

Head (455 mm. wide) convex, closely punctate, more 
finely on neck, strigose near eyes; mandibles not much 
curved, with moderate cross-striation ; joints 2 and 3 of 
antennz compressed, with a sharp edge, 3 half as long 
again as 4, 

Prothorax transverse (7 x 4°5 mm.), cordate, bordered in 
front and at sides, slightly emarginate in front; base bi- 
sinuate, hardly wider than apex; sides strongly rounded, 
faintly sinuate behind, border not quite reaching base ; 
median line faint ; basal fovee rather small, adjacent to hind 


* J. Bombay N. H. Soc. xxiv. p. 408 (footnote) (1916). 
+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. p. 302 (footnote) (1916). 
{ Jbid, (9) i. p. 85 (footnote) (1918). 


Mr. H. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 291 


angles ; surface moderately convex, closely punctate, more 
sparsely on disk, more coarsely along base and front margin. 

Klytra moderately short and wide, nearly four times as 
long as prothorax, with a long scutellary stria, a fine sutural 
stria, and fifteen more or less crenulate strize (punctate on 
disk near base) ; a wide aciculate marginal area, in which 
towards apex two further ill-defined striz can generally be 
detected ; primary intervals (4, 8, and 12) with a series of 
shallow, brassy punctures, each with a fine raised point ; all 
intervals imbricate, but on the first two or three near base 
the cross-lines are replaced by fine punctures; interval 6 
usually wider towards apex, with the surface irregularly 
broken up. 

Underside coarsely punctate, more finely on middle of 
ventral surface; metasternum smooth, middle of prosternum 
nearly so, the punctures more or less confluent on met- 
episterna and sides of ventral surface, latter irregularly 
depressed, last segment transversely striate ; grooves on pro- 
sternal process not reaching apex, metepisterna hardly longer 
than wide, a tuft of hairs on their outer margin near base. 

3. Front tarsi with three dilated joints; intermediate tibic 
curved, hind tibie straight, former densely clothed on inner 
and middle of outer surface, latter on inner surface towards 
apex with light brown hairs. 

2. All tibiz straight, the intermediate ones clothed with 
light brown hairs on middle of outer surface. 

The species belongs to Motchulsky’s Caminara group, and 
is closely allied to C. imbricatum, Klug, but a little larger; 
the colour is almost identical. Head more coarsely punctate, 
less noticeably striate near eyes; mandibles much more finely 
striate, antenne thicker; prothorax more coarsely punctate, 
a little less contracted behind ; punctures on the primary 
intervals of the elytra less numerous; underside much more 
coarsely sculptured, intermediate tibiz (¢) more curved. 

N. India, United Provinces: Mondali, Kathian, Molta, 
and Bodyar, all Jaunsar Himalayas, 7500’-8000’ (C.F. C. 
Beeson). Thano, Dehra Dun District, 4000’.  Kalela 
Forest, Simla Division, “found eating the deodar’s defo- 
liating caterpillar.” 11 ex., ¢ 2. All Forest Research 
Institute, Dehra Dun. 

N.W. Himalayas (4. P. Stebbing) 5 ex., all very defective. 
British Museum. 

The type (Beeson) is in the British Museum, 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 


bo 
to) 
bho 


OMOPHRONINI. 


Omophron rotundatum, Chaud. 


This species was described by Chaudoir from Mesopotamia 
and the Transcaucasian Provinces of Russia. In the col- 
lection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, there are two 
examples (both very defective) which I refer to this species, 
one labelled “Quetta, Baluchistan (Webb-Ware),” the other 
‘** Mussoorie, W. Himalayas, c. 7000 ft.” In both the green 
patch on the prothorax continues nearly to the side margin, 
the colour, however, merging into brown, lighter in the 
Quetta, darker in the Mussoorie example. In the former 
there is a small, rather faint fuscous spot at the middle of 
the base of the elytra; in both examples the sides of the 
median green patch on the elytra are quite dissociated from 
the central part, and form separate rounded spots ; the hind 
patch is of the’same width as in the type-form, but longer. 


Omophron bicolor, sp. 1. 


Length 3°75-4°0 mm.; width 2°75-3°0 mm. 

Black ; upperside blue-green ; labrum, clypeus, middle of 
front, antennz, palpi, legs, ventral surface, and a broad 
border on prothorax and elytra, together with epipleure,. 
testacecus. 

Head moderately convex, flat in front, shiny, moderately 
and sparsely punctate, the testaceous colour on clypeus and 
front not quite reaching level of hind margin of eyes. 

Prothorax strongly transverse, moderately convex, base 
projecting backwards in middle and bisinuate at sides, 
emarginate in front ; front angles acute, porrect, contiguous 
to eyes, hind angles about right, side margin reflexed but 
continuing with hardly any break the contour of elytra; 
median line just visible, surface shiny, moderately and 
uniformly punctate, smooth near margin, testaceous border 
covering on each side in front one-fourth of width of front 
margin, but contracting to half the width at base. 

Elytra rather flat for the genus, not much dilated below 
shoulder, widest at a fourth from base ; striate-punctate, 
the punctures evanescent towards apex, strize 1-12 and 15 
clearly marked, only traces of 13 and 14 visible, intervals 
smooth; the broad testaceous border reaches stria 9 at base, 
contracts to stria 10 at a third from base, expands again to 


Mr. H. B. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee, 293 


stria 7 at a half, and contracts to stria 9 at two-thirds ; the 
green colour, pointed at extremity, does not quite reach 
apex, and the line of junction of the two colours is a little 
jagged throughout. 

Underside coarsely but sparsely punctate, ventral surface 
smooth, 

Larger than O. brettinghame, Pasc., similar in outline, 
but much less convex, a bluer green in colour, testaceous 
border on both prothorax and elytra much wider, the line 
where the colours meet on the elytra much less regular, 
striz less evanescent towards apex. 

Dacca 1 ex., “India” 2 ex., all from coll. Bowring. 
British Museum. 

Calcutta, Eden Gardens, 7.x1.1911 (fF. H. Gravely), 1 ex., 
“at light.” Indian Museum. 


Omophron testudo, sp. n. 


Length 7:0-7°5 mm.; width 4°5-5°0 mm. 

Brown-black ; vertex and sides of head, a large spot on 
prothorax, and elytra dark green; front, clypeus, labrum, 
palpi, front and sides of prothorax, two irregular fascize on 
elytra, with margins, apex, and epipleure, ventral surface 
and legs testaceous-red. 

Head wide (2°25 mm.), front smooth, but with a little 
transverse striation, finely striate near eyes, green area at 
back coarsely shagreened, very coarsely, sometimes con- 
fluently punctate, clypeal suture angular in middle. 

Prothorax strongly transverse (87 75 mm. wide), both 
front and hind margins produced in middle, latter slightly 
bisinuate on each side, median projection forming an obtuse 
angle, former emarginate on each side beliind eyes, all angles 
acute, width gradually increasing from apex to base, sides 
slightly rounded in front and faintly sinuate before hind 
augles; surface coarsely shagreened, smoother at sides, lon- 
gitudinally striate along base, middle of base flattened and 
coarsely punctate, sparsely punctate along front margin, 
median line fine but distinct, not reaching margins; green 
patch more or less rectangular, extending from middle of 
base a little more than halfw ay towards both apex and sides, 
margins ill defined. 

Elytra shortly oval, shiny, with fifteen very finely punctate 
strie, of which only 1 and 15 actually reach apex, 2, 3, 7, 8, 
and 11 terminating long before it, intervals convex, minutely 


294 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 


and sparsely punctate. The front fascia is wide at the 
margin and just reaches the shoulder; it contracts aud 
almost disappears on interval 10, widens again over 7 and 8, 
contracting and disappearing on 5. “The hind fascia is 
similar outwardly, but inwardly it extends over interval 4. 
The testaceous apical area sends an arm forward along inter- 
vals 7-9; the green colour extends nearly to apex along 
intervals 1 and 2. 

Underside smooth and glabrous ; prosteruum in front of 
coxee, its episterna at base, and the prosternal plate with a 
few punctures, last-named bordered at sides, subocular ridge 
well marked, extending inwards rather beyond buccal fissure, 
the area between it and the eye longitudinally striate. ‘The 
first two joints of the front tarsi and the first joint of the 
intermediate tarsi are dilated in the ¢. 

I have compared examples of this species with a specimen 
in my collection taken by Pére Cardon at Nowatoli in Chota 
Nagpur, which (though I have not had the opportunity of 
comparing it with the type) I identify with O. guttcdum, 
Chaud. The new species is larger, more nearly circular, 
but otherwise very similar both in form and pattern, though 
in C. guttatum the latter is more clearly defined. Head 
more roughly sculptured, more coarsely punctate, clypeal 
suture with an angle in the middle, instead of semicircular, 
subocular ridges similar ; sides of prothorax more rounded, 
base flattened, surface more coarsely but less punctate ; 
intervals of elytra more convex, surface more shiny, front 
fascia extending inwards to interval 5 only (in gutfatum it 
reaches 4), hind fascia and testaceous apical area wider, the 
latter with a more jagged front margin; punctures on 
prosternum and its episterna fewer. 

Annam: Keng Trap. Tonkin: Tranninh. Laos: Ko 
Kieng (R. Vitalis de Salvaza), 5 ex. The type is in the 
British Museum. 

Inthe genus Omophron there is usually present beneath 
the head on each side a subocular ridge. ‘This runs inwards 
and a little forwards from near the side of the head and 
extends as far as the buccal fissure or even beyond it. The 
area between the ridge and the eye is somewhat depressed 
and rugose or punctured. In O. “imbatum, V., the ridge is 
short and inconspicuous, the area in front of it coarsely 
punctate. In the species just described the ridge is very 
evident, the front adjacent area longitudinally — striate, 
without punctures. I mention this character, as I find it a 
variable one and I think it may possibly prove useful for 
purposes of classification, 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 295 


OzH#NINI. 


Before describing any new species I give a table of the 


Oriental genera :— 


1 (4). Ligula bisetose or ending in a sharp 
spine, last joint of palpi cylindrical, 
gene embracing back of eye, mentum 
toothed, joint 11 of antenne shorter 
than 9+10. 

2 (3). Ligula ending in a sharp spine; para- 
glossze wide, with setose margins, ex- 
tending far beyond ligula, but not en- 
veloping it; genze forming a tooth and 
extending outwardly beyond level of 
eye*; mandibles with three or four 
teeth ; both labrum and clypeus with- 
out sete on upper surface............ 

5 (2). Ligula bisetose, completely enveloped by 
the paraglosse, which are glabrous; 
genze not extending outwardly beyond 
eye-level; mandibles with one or two 
teeth; front margin of labrum pluri- 
setose (8-setose in JI. castaneus, Schm, 
Goeb., and 12-setose in J. dentatus m.) 

4 (1). Ligula quadrisetose, paraglossze wanting 
(or at all events indistinguishable), last 
joint of labial palpi acuminate, gene 
not embracing back of eye, joint 11 of 
antennee equal to or longer than 9+-10. 

5 (6). Mentum with an obtuse tooth; front 
margin of labrum plurisetose but not 
denticulate (8-setose in D. bioculata m. 
and 6-setose in D. parallela m.); joint 
Mot antennze—9--110) easeae ce 

6 (5). Mentum edentate; front margin of labrum 
plurisetose and denticulate (8-setose 
in LE. plagiata, Schm. Goeb., L. japonica, 
Bates}, and £. matanga m., 10-setose 
in £, bryanti m.) ; joint 11 of antenne 
epee OMe Serine siitt is oielslei< nin tee ee . 


Itamus dentatus, sp. n. 


PsEUDOZENA, Cast. 


Itamus, Schm. Goeb. 


DHANYA, gen. nov. 


Evstra, Schm. Goeb, 


Length 15°0-17°5 mm.; width 40-5°0 mm. (The further 
measurements given are those of the larger specimen, which 


is the type.) 


* Of P. spissicornis, Fairm., of which I have not seen an example, its 
author says “tuberculo pone-oculari nullo.” Mr, Lesne (Mission Pavie, 
1904, 62, t. 8. f. 13) says that the species belongs to another genus. 

+ In Ann. Soe. Ent. Belg. 1918 (published 2.11914), p. 418, Com- 
mandant Dupuis says that in LZ, japonica, Bates, joint 11 of the antenne 
=9+10. Lhave numerous cotypes before me and find that 11=8+9+10 


as in the other species of this genus. 


296 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 


Pitch-black above, dark red beneath; tibize and tarsi nearly 
black. 

Head large (3°75 mm. wide), flat, uneven, sides of front 
depressed, leaving a raised area in middle, a few setiferous 
pores on vertex and sides; front margin of labrum 12-setose, 
including a large setiferous pore on each side, just behind 
the rounded angles; clypeus transverse, with well-marked 
suture, finely and remotely punctate, slightly emarginate in 
frout, a seta at each side. 

Prothorax transverse (4°0 x 3°5 mm.), moderately convex 
on disk, margins explanate and reflexed behind, with half-a- 
dozen setiferous pores ; apex widely but faintly emarginate, 
much wider than base, which is truneate; sides almost 
parallel in front, rather strongly contracted about middle 
and sinuate before base ; front angles sharp, slightly acute, 
porrect, hind angles right, but sharp, projecting a little 
laterally, median line short, bounded by transverse impres- 
sions, which are well marked ; surface shiny on disk, with 
a few coarse setiferous punctures, margins rougher, longi- 
tudinally striate in front, coarsely and irregularly trans- 
versely striate along base. 

Klytra elongate, parallel, not quite three times as long as 
prothorax, shoulders carinate but not dentate, a recurved 
outwardly channelled tooth at a fourth from apex; striz 
deep, coarsely shagreened and vaguely punctate, intervals 
smooth, odd ones seriately punctate, an uninterrupted row 
of umbilicate pores along margin. 

Underside sparsely punctate and pubescent, more evidently 
on ventral surface; front femora with a strong tooth. 

Much larger and darker than J. castaneus, surface rougher, 
front margin of labrum 12-setose, instead of 8-setose, front 
femora with a strong tooth (in Z. castaneus the front femora 
have a short fine carina on the middle of the underside, 
which occasionally develops into a moderate tooth). 

Tonkin: Hoabinh, 2 ex. (R. Vitalis de Salvaza). The 
type is in the British Museum. 


DHANYA, gen, nov. 


Ligula short, truncate at apex, quadrisetose, paraglossz 
wanting. 

Mentum with a broad rounded tooth in the emargination, 
much shorter than side lobes, which are outwardly rounded 
and obtuse at apex. 

Palpi sparsely setose, acuminate at apex; in the maxil- 
lavies 4 is half as long again as 2, which is strongly dilated 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 297 


outwardly, 3 very short ; labials with penultimate plurisetose 
on inner margin. 

Maxillz slender, hooked at tip, inner margin ciliate. 

Eyes moderately prominent, not embraced behind by gene. 

Labrum elongate, truncate, plurisetose, and without 
denticulations along front margin. 

Antenne clavate, pubescent, but only densely so from 
(and including) joint 5; joints strongly transverse towards 
extremity, joint 11=9+10. 

Sides of prothorax not much contracted behind, margins 
more or less crenulate, without denticulations. 

Elytra elongate, parallel, an incision aud recurved tooth at 
external angle of apical truncature. 

Tarsal joints short ; in hind legs 1=2+8+4=5; claws 
simple; underside of front tarsi Pepa ed but I cannot dis- 
tinguish the sexes. 

The type of the genus is D). bioculata m. 

The name is derived from a Kanarese word meaning “a 
grain of corn.” 


Dhanya bioculata, sp. u. 


Length 4:0 mm. ; width 1°6 mm. 

Dark testaceous ; head, prothorax, and suture of elytra dull 
red, antennze (except joint 1) fuscous; each elytron with a 
roundish spot just before middle, not quite reaching margin 
or suture, and apex black. 

Head elongate, smooth, shiny, moderately convex; frontal 
foveve large, fairly deep and rugose, a small curved impression 
behind clypeal suture ; sides longitudinally striate, bounded 
outwardly by a ridge; eyes small, antenne reaching a little 
beyond base of prothorax; ligula hidden behind base of labial 
palpi, labrum 8-setose along front margin. 

Prothorax transverse, moderately convex, shiny, rather 
wider than head, equally contracted at extremities, widest at 
middle, truncate at base, widely though slightly emarginate 
at apex ; sides with a fine reflexed border, very faintly cre- 
nulate foaards base, gently rounded in front, with a wide 
though slight sinuation before base, some * setiferous pores 
along sides and sides of front margin; both front and hind 
angles about right, projecting a litéle laterally, median line 
well marked, reaching base but not apex, a depressed and 
finely granulate area near hind angles ; surface glabrous on 
disk, sparsely pubescent near margin, finely striate along 
base. 

EKlytra convex, parallel, rather compressed at sides, half 
as wide again as prothorax and three times as long, shoulders 


298 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Ortental Carabide. 


square ; surface shiny, the strize vaguely indicated by rows 
of faint punctures, glabrous on disk, but with several seti- 
ferous pores on intervals 3 and 5, shortly pubescent at sides 
and apex, where the surface is finely granulate, a row of 
umbilicate setiferous pores along margin. 

Underside finely granulate, nearly smooth along median 
line, sparsely punctate and pubescent, more obviously so on 
last ventral segment. 

S.E. Borneo: Martapura, 1891 (Doherty), 2 ex. British 
Museum. 


Dhanya parallela, sp. n. 


Length 4-0 mm. ; width 1°5 mm. 

Testaceous; head, prothorax, and antenne red; elytra 
with an ill-defined blackish area, covering the middle third 
of each elytron, wider outwardly, but not quite reaching 
either margin or suture ; ventral surface fuscous. 

Head convex (0°75 mm. wide), smooth, moderately shiny, 
a curved depressed line on middle of front, bicarinate at 
sides; labrum 6-setose; mandibles and maxille both very 
sharp at apex; ligula short, but not concealed, slightly 
emarginate at apex. [Iam unable to determine the number 
of sete on the penultimate joint of the labial palpi. 

Prothorax a little transverse (1 mm. wide), disk convex ; 
side margins explanate, widely so behind, base truncate, 
hardly wider than apex, which is emarginate; sides forming 
an obtuse angle at two-fifths from apex, margin obviously 
crenulate, almost straight from front to side angle, and from 
side to hind angle; several sete justinside border; froutangles 
sharp, strongly porrect, hind angles right, reflexed, transverse 
impressions and median line well marked; surface mode- 
rately shiny, almost smooth, a little rough near base, with a 
few irregularly disposed, long, erect setz. 

Hlytra more than three times as long as _prothorax, 
elongate, parallel ; shoulders very square, a re-entrant angle 
at suture; disk flat, depressed at a third from base, sides 
compressed rather behind middle ; striate-punctate, but the 
strive, though fairly regular, are not well defined ; intervals 
smooth, rather shiny, 3 and 5 with a row of erect sete. 

Underside sparsely punctate and pubescent, more obviously 
on ventral surface; front femora with a blunt tooth. 

The species differs in many points from D. bioculata m. ; 
the ligula is a little longer, maxilla more acute, labrum 
6-setose ; front angles of thorax more acute, sides angular, 
striz of elytra more clearly defined, especially at base, disk 


Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 299 


flat and depressed near base, dark spot less clearly defined, 
front femora dentate. 
W. Sarawak, Mount Matang, 2000’, 23.1.14 (G@. . Bryant), 
1 ex. in my collection, 
Kustra. 

1 (2). Size 6 mm., labrum 10-setose, front 

margin of prothorax deeply exca- 

WA bes 5, ttafeievere 00k «0 ons - ORO SGAne E. bryanti m. 
2 (1). Size 2°5-3:'0 mm., labrum 8-setose,front 

of prothorax emarginate. 
3 (4). Side border of prothorax without den- 

ticulations, front angles very sharp 

AMUSACULCS </Seiek oe 5 Mir kame ls Pom een E. plagiata, Schm. Goeb, 
4 (3). Side borders of prothorax evidently 

denticulate, front angles sharp, but 

less acute, very slightly rounded at 


tip. 
5 (6). Size 3-0 mm., prothorax strongly trans- 

verse, side margin widely reflexed, 

border finely denticulate .......... E. japonica, Bates. 
6 (5), Size 2°5 mm., prothorax moderately 

transverse, side margin narrowly re- 

flexed, border more strongly denti- 

UATE ey atavesn c evsinrs eeaers tebe cs Fue Y ae E. matanga m. 


Eustra matanga, sp. n. 


Length 2°5 mm.; width 1:0 mm. 

‘Testaceous ; apex of antenne a little darker, head red- 
brown, a large ill-defined discal spot on each elytron infuscate. 

Head (0°6 mm. wide) smooth, shiny, convex, moderately 
constricted at some little distance behind eyes, some fine 
ridges on each side close to eye, one of which is continued 
round the eye behind ; anteunz clavate, moniliform, pubes- 
cent, reaching middle of body. 

Prothorax transverse, as wide as head, widest at a third 
from apex, base truncate but oblique near hind angles, much 
narrower than apex, which is emarginate, sides rounded in 
front, sinuate before hind angles and rather widely reflexed, 
border with 8 to 10 small teeth, which are well marked 
towards base ; front angles porrect, acute; hind angles re- 
flexed, slightly obtuse; transverse impressions and_ basal 
fovew fairly deep, median line reaching base and forming a 
shallow fovea where it meets front transverse impression, 
but not extending to apex; surface smooth, shiny, a little 
uneven along base. 

Elytra convex, three times as long as prothorax, base 
emarginate, shoulders prominent; side border reflexed, very 
obliquely truncate at apex, with a slight re-entrant angle, a 


300 Mr. H. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 


small sharp excision just behind the outer angle of the 
truncature, followed by a raised tooth; a longitudinal de- 
pression at sides on each elytron ; surface shiny, smooth, 
uneven at sides, with scattered shallow punctures, and a 
slizht raised pubescence. 

Smaller than . japonica, Bates ; prothorax less trans- 
verse, sides less rounded in front, reflexed border much 
narrower, more strongly dentate; elytra narrower, more 
parallel, smoother, less punctate and pubescent, infuscate 
patches larger. 

W. Sarawak, Mount Matang, 16.1.14 and 1.14 (G. 7 
Bryant), 3 ex. The type is in my collection ; a co-type is 
in the British Museum. 


Eustra bryanti, sp. 0. 


Length 6:0 mm.; width 2°5 mm. 

Brown ; edges and apex of mandibles black, ventral surface 
fuscous, margins of the segments golden-yellow. 

Head (1 ‘0 mm. wide) convex, smooth, shiny, finely cari- 
nate at sides; labrum 10-setose ; neck slightiy constricted 
behind eyes, hardly narrowed behind. 

Prothorax transverse (1°8 x 1'3 mm.), strongly contracted 
in front, widest at middle (but practically as wide at base) ; 
base truncate, a little oblique at sides; apex deeply emargi- 
nate (as in the genus Sfitakantha), sides widely reflexed, 
rounded in front and faintly sinuate before base, border 
almost imperceptibly crenulate ; front angles porrect, em- 
bracing head, hind angles right, transverse impressions— 
especially the hind one, which terminates at each end in a 
shallow fovea—and median line well marked; surface shiny 
but uneven, very sparsely and minutely pubescent, covered 
with a number of dark spots, which look like punctures. 

Elytra two and a half times as long as prothorax, shoul- 
ders square, disk convex, margin explanate and rellexed as 
far as the lateral incision, a re-entrant angle at apex, sides 
moderately compressed ; surface shiny, strongly granulate- 
punctate and pubescent, more sparsely on disk; sides 
roughly shagreened. 

The joints of the front tarsi, which are very short and 
hairy and decrease gradually in size from base, do not appear 
to offer any sexual characters. 

Distinguished at once from the other described species of 
the genus by its much larger size, front margin of labrum 
10-setose, and the deeply emarginate apex of the prothorax. 

W. Sarawak, Mount Matang, 31.1.14 (G. E. Bryant), lex. 
in my collection. 


On new Forms of Souths American Birds, 801 


XXX.— New Forms of South-American Birds. By 
Cuarves Cuuss, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., Zoological Depart- 
ment, British Museum (Natural History). 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


Perissotriccus ecaudatus miserabilis, subsp. n. 


Adult. Differs from P. ecaudatus ecaudatus (d’ Orb. & Lafr.) 
in being darker green on the back, darker grey on the crown 
of the head and sides of face, and inclining to grey on the 
under surface. It differs also in having the lower mandible 
black and the feet much darker than in the Bolivian bird. 

Total length 58 mm., exposed culmen 11, wing 34, tail 12, 
tarsus 13, 

Hab. British Guiana. 

The type, which is in the McConnell Collection, was 
collected on the Bonasika River in 1911. 


e 
Atalotriccus griseiceps whitelyanus, subsp. n. 


Adult male. Allied to A. grisetceps griseiceps (Hellm.), 
but differs in having the back uniform green. 

Total length 97 mm., exposed culmen 10, wing 42, tail 36, 
tarsus 16. 

Adult female. Similar to the adult male, but smaller. 

Wing 38 mm., tail 28. 

Hab. British Guiana. 

The male and female types are in the British Museum, and 
were collected by the late Henry Whitely, Jun., at Quonga in 
October and November 1887, Salvin-Godman Collection. 


The species that has hitherto been known to authors and 
usually classified under the title Mvonectes oleagineus differ 
so much from the various localities in its distribution, by the 
paler or darker plumages, as to be easily separable into 
subspecific forms. I propose, therefore, that the following be 
recognized :— 


Pipromorpha oleaginea wallacet, subsp. n. 


There are three examples from the Amazon Valley, two 
from Para and one from the Rio Negro, which are similar 
but paler green than P. o. oleaginea on the upper surface, and 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 22 


302 Mr. C. Chubb on new 


differ also in being darker and inclining to cinnamon-rufous, 
not ochraceous, on the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and 
under wing-coverts. 

Wing 61 mm. 

Hab. Lower Amazon Valley. 

The type is an adult bird, but not sexed, and was collected 
by the late A. R. Wallace at Para in May 1849, and is now 
in the British Museum, Salvin-Godman Collection. 


Pipromorpha oleaginea hauxwelli, subsp. n. 


Two examples from East Peru and one from Kast Ecuador 
differ from the typical form in being paler green on the upper 
parts and darker orange-rufous even than P, o. wallace: on 
the under surface. 

Wing 63 mm. 

Hab. Eastern Peru and Kastern Keuador. 

The type is an adult male which was collected at Pebas, 
E. Peru, by the late J. Hauxwell in July 1886, and is now in 
the British Museum, Salvin-Godman Collection. 


s 
Pipromorpha oleaginea chapmani, subsp. v. 


Pipromorpha oleaginea oleaginea (nec Licht.), Chapman, Bull. Amer. 
Mus. Nat. Hist. xxxvi. p. 49 (1917). 


Of Colombian birds there are six in the British Museum. 
These are slightly darker than the typical species, from 
Bahia, on the upper surface, darker also on the throat and 
fore neck, and more orange-rufous, instead of pale ochraceous, 
on the breast, abdomen, and under wing-coverts. 

Wing 65 mm. 

Hab. U.S., Colombia. 

The type, which is a fully adult bird, was collected by 
T. H. Wheeler at Villavicencio to Medina, Llanos of River 
Meta, at an altitude of 800-1500 feet, is now in the British 
Museum, Salvin-Godman Collection. 


Pipromorpha oleaginea tobagoensis, subsp. n. 


Mionectes oleagineus (nec Licht.), Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv. 
p- 112, part. (1888). 


The Tobago bird is altogether darker than P. 0. oleaginea 
on the upper parts, including the head, back, flight-quills, 
and tail-feathers. ‘The throat and fore neck much darker, 


Forms of South- American Birds. 303 


and the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts 
are also proportionately darker than that of the typical bird. 
There are six specimens of this form—one male, three 
females, and two unsexed. 

The wing-measurements are:—g 67 mm., ? ? ¢ 60-61, 
unsexed 61, 65. 

Hab. Tobago. 

The type, which is in the British Museum, was collected 


by J. Kirk: Jardine Collection. 


Hellmayr (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 22), when naming MV. o. pal- 
Udiventris from Cumand, mentions that one Tobago bird 
agrees with the Cumand skins in differing from thirty skins 
from more southern localities in the decidedly paler orange 
colour of the belly, much less greyish-green suffusion of the 
throat, and duller olive-green upper parts. ‘The material in 
the British Museum, however, does not support this statement, 
as the six examples from Tobago in the National Collection, 
compared with two individuals from Bahia and two from Rio 
de Janeiro, are decidedly darker in every respect than in 
the birds from the typical locality. 


Pipromorpha oleaginea macconnelli, subsp. n. 


Mionectes oleagineus (nec Licht.), Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 293, part., 
Bartica Groye and Camacusa. 


In British Guiana there are two forms—a smaller and 
more brightly coloured bird on Mount Roraima and the 
Merumé Mountains and a larger and darker one in the low- 
Jying country. The latter bird is darker on the upper parts 
than any of the other forms. In this respect it is more 
closely allied to P. 0. tobagoensis, but differs in being more 
brightly coloured on the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and 
under wing-coverts. 

Wing 65 mm. 

Hab. British, Dutch, and French Guianas. 

The type, which is in the McConnell Collection, was 
collected on the Kamakabra River, 1911. 


Pipromorpha oleaginea roraime, subsp. n. 


Mionectes oleagineus (nec Licht.), Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 293, part., Me- 
rumé Mts., Roraima, 3500 to 6000 ft. 


Adult male. Differs from P. oleagineus oleagineus in being 


304 On new Forms of South-American Birds. 


somewhat smaller, paler green on the upper surface, outer 
aspect of the wing bronze-colour, and the abdomen, under 
tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts rufous instead of pale 
ochreous. 

Total length 116 mm., exposed culmen 12, wing 62, tail 45, 
tarsus 16. 

Hab. Mount Roraima and Merume Mountains, 3500 to 
6000 ft., British Guiana. 

The type was collected by the late Henry Whitely Jun., on 
Mount Roraima in December 1881, and is now in the British 
Museum, Salvin-Godman Coilection. 


Elenia flavogaster macconnelli, subsp. n. 


‘The form that I propose to separate under the above title 
has hitherto been associated by previous authors with 
FE. pagana (Licht.) =F. flavogaster (Thunberg) or E. chiri- 
quensis, Lawr. It differs, however, from the former, EL. flavo- 
gaster flavogaster (Thunb.), in being darker on the upper 
parts, and more especially so on the breast and sides of the 
body on the under surface, and from the latter, HZ. chird- 
guensis, Lawr., in being darker on the upper surface, paler 
yellow on the under parts, and smaller in size. 

Total length 160 mm., exposed culmen 12, wing 77, tail 68, 
tarsus 20. 

Hab. British Guiana. 

The type is in the McConnell Collection, and was collected 
on the Supenaam River in 1911. 


Elenia cristata whitelyi, subsp. n. 


Having compared the Guiana specimens with one of the 
types of E. eristata, Pelz., from Goyaz, which is in the 
British Museum, I notice that the Guiana bird is darker 
throughout on the entire upper surface, the flight-quills and 
tail-feathers are blackish brown instead of pale hair-brown, 
the sides of the face also darker, the throat grey (not white), 
and the breast and sides of the body conspicuously darker. 

Wing 70 mm., tail 60, wing 68, tail 58. 

Hab. British Guiana, 

The types, which are in the British Museum, were collected 
at Mt. Roraima by the late Henry Whitely, Jun., Salvin- 
Godman Collection. 


THE ANNALS 
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, 
[NINTH SERIES.] 


No. 23. NOVEMBER 1919. 


XXXI.—Descriptions of new Pyralids of the Subfamilies 
Crambine and Sigine. By Sir Groreu F. Hampson, 


Bart., F.Z.S., &e. 
[Concluded from p. 154.] 


(86) Charltona actinialis, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax white, the vertex of head with short black 
streak, the sides of tegule and the patagia with black stripes; 
abdomen white tinged with brown except at base; antenne and 
palpi, except above, black; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdo- 
men suffused with black. Fore wing black-brown with pure white 
streaks on the veins; the costal edge white; the cell and sub- 
median fold to below end of cell with fine white streaks; the inner 
margin with white fascia; the cilia intersected by the white streaks. 
Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and costal area 
of hind wing suffused with reddish brown, the fore wing with 
rather ill-defined white streaks on median nervure and the veins 


arising from the cell. 
Hab. N. Nigeria, Lorin (Macfie), 1 2 type. Exp. 40 mm. 


(8¢) Charltona atrifascialis, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax white mixed with some blackish brown, the 
outer edge of patagia with obscure blackish brown stripes; abdomen 
white suffused with reddish brown; antennze dark brown, white 
above ; palpi black-brown, white above; pectus and legs suffused 
with blackish brown; ventral surface of abdomen dark reddish 
brown with white segmental lines. Fore wing glossy white; a 
cupreous brown fascia on costa to near apex; a blackish fascia in 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 9. Vol. iv. 23 


306 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


discal fold from before middle of cell to termen ; a stronger fascia 
below the cell and vein 4 to towards termen with an ochreous tinge 
below it; the inner area irrorated with blackish brown; the ter- 
minal area with black-brown streaks in the interspaces to submedian 
fold. Hind wing glossy white suffused with brown except on basal 
and inner area; cilia white. Underside of fore wing reddish brown; 
hind wing with the costal and terminal areas suffused with reddish 
brown. 

@. Antenne wholly blackish; thorax with more black on 
dorsum ; fore wing with strong black fascia on costa, the fasciz 
in discal fold and below the cell much stronger. 

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 4 3, 5 Q type. 
Exp., 3 34, 9 48 mm. 


(8e) Charltona albimiztalis, sp. n. 


Head, tegule, and prothorax white, the sides of tegule and 
patagia red-brown mixed with black-brown, the dorsum of thorax 
and abdomen white mixed with red-brown; antennz red-brown ; 
palpi black-brown, pectus and legs black-brown mixed with whitish. 
Fore wing rufous, the discal fold from middle of cell with a black- 
brown fascia mixed with white interrupted by an ill-defined white 
discoidal spot; the submedian interspace and interspaces of terminal 
area with black-brown fasciz mixed with white. Hind wing white, 
the terminal half suffused with cupreous brown ; cilia white mixed 
with rufous and with slight rufous line near base. Underside of 
fore wing and the hind wing except on basal area suffused with 
red-brown. ‘ 

Hab. Gampta (Dudgeon), 192; Gorp Coast, Aburi (John- 
son), 1 3; N. Nigerta, Zungeru (Macfie), 2 9, Llorin (Macfie), 
1 2 type. xp. 36-46 mm. 


(9 a) Charltona albidalis, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the last with the 2nd and 8rd 
segments dorsally tinged with fulvous; antennz rufous except 
above; palpi and legs slightly tinged with rufous. Fore wing 
glossy white, the inner half sparsely irrorated with elongate brown 
scales; a slight brownish fascia in base of submedian fold and 
a fascia in discal fold from middle of cell to termen ; a terminal 
series of blackish points. Hind wing glossy white; a slight dark 
terminal line to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing and costal 
area of hind wing tinged with red-brown except towards termen. 

Hab. Sterra Leone, Freetown (Quinton), 1 3; Supan, White 
Nile, Gabt el Megahid (Dunn), 1 3,1 2 type. Hap. 30-40 mm. 


(9b) Charltona argyrastis, sp. n. 


2. Head and thorax silvery white mixed with some blackish ; 
abdomen silvery white tinged with red-brown ; antennz blackish ; 
palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen suffused with 


Pyralidz of the Subfamily Sigine. 307 


rufous. Fore wing uniform brilliant silvery white, the costal edge 
with a fulvous tinge. Hind wing fuscous brown, the terminal 
area silvery white except towards tornus, the cilia with a faint 
fulvous tinge. Underside of both wings fuscous brown, the terminal 
area silvery white. 

Hab. Br. EB. Arritca, N. Kavirondo, Up. Nzoi R. (Neave), 
19. Nasisi Hills (Weave), 1 2 type. Exp. 30 mm. 


(206 a) Crambus chionopepla, n. n. 


Crambus chionostola, Hmpsn. A. M.N.H., (9) iii. p. 442 (1919) ; nec Hmpsn. 
A. M. N. H. (9) iii. p. 290 (1919). 


Subfamily S7erz. 


The genus Szga, Hiibn. Verz. p. 195 (1827), type Ziris, is older 
than Schenobius, Dup., 1844. 


(3a) Niphopyralis chionesis, sp. n. 

Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen glossy white ; antennze fuscous 
except towards base; palpi with dark brown streak at sides to near 
tips ; fore tibiz and tarsi black-brown in front. Fore wing glossy 
white and thickly scaled; traces of a waved fuscous antemedial 
line except towards costa; a faint sinuous medial line angled 
outwards beyond the cell and ending at submedian fold; a rather 
more distinct subterminal line, excurved from below costa to 
vein 2, then oblique and sinuous; a terminal series of blackish 
strie ; cilia tinged with yellow-brown and with a slight brown line 
near base. Hind wing glossy white with a faint brownish shade 
beyond the cell ; a slight blackish terminal line to near tornus and 
point at submedian fold; cilia almost pure white. Underside of 
fore wing suffused with reddish brown except on inner area. 


Hab. QuEENSLAND, Townsville (Dodd), 2 2 type. Exp. 20mm. 


(36) Niphopyralis discipunctalis, sp. n. 


2. Head, thorax, and abdomen glossy white; antenne fulvous 
yellow; palpi with dark brown streak at sides; fore legs tinged 
with brown. Fore wing glossy white; a black discoidal point; a 
slight blackish terminal line, almost obsolete except towards apex. 
Hind wing glossy white; a slight blackish terminal line to near 
tornus. Underside of fore wing with the costal area and the 
terminal area to vein 2 suffused with dark brown. 

Hab. Louisiane Is., St. Aignan I. (Meek), 1 2 type. Exp. 
18 mm. 


(1) Calamoschena nigripunctalis, sp. n. 


6. Head and thorax pale brownish rufous, the metathorax with 
a pair of black points; abdomen whitish tinged with brownish 


rufous; tarsi ringed with black towards extremities. Fore wing 
: 23* 


308 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


pale brownish rufous; a black point in the cell near base ; small 
obliquely placed black antemedial spots below costa and on vein 1; 
a small wedge-shaped black spot at lower angle of cell and two 
points above upper angle; small black subterminal spots below 
costa and on vein 1 with traces of a line between them, excurved 
below costa. Hind wing whitish tinged with brownish rufous. 
Underside of fore wing suffused with reddish brown, the inner area 
paler, two black points above end of cell and a punctiform black 
subterminal line from costa to vein 4; hind wing with subterminal 
black points on veins 8 to 3. 

Hab. Uaanpa, Kampala (Ansorge), 1 gd type. Hap. 20 mm. 


(2) Calamoschena stictalis, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white, the last with 
dorsal black spots on two basal segments and slight fuscous bands 
on the following segments ; tarsi ringed with blackish. Fore wing 
ochreous white; small subbasal, antemedial, medial, and postmedial 
spots on vein 1; a curved slightly waved fuscous subterminal line 
with small black spots on it below costa and on vein 1; a terminal 
series of blackish points. Hind wing ochreous white with a 
terminal series of blackish points. 

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 1 9; Masnona- 
LAND, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 9; LourEengo Maraquss, Delagoa 
Bay (Druce), 1 3 type; Transvaan, White R. (Cooke), 1d, 
Pretoria (Janse), 12. Hap. 14-20 mm. 


Genus STENOCALAMA, nov. 
Type, S. ochrotis. 


Proboscis aborted and small; palpi upturned, slender, the 2nd 
joint reaching to about vertex of head, the 8rd rather long; 
maxillary palpi small and filiform; frons rounded; antenne of 
female somewhat laminate and almost simple. Fore wing long 
and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen oblique; vein 2 from 
towards angle of cell; 3 and 5 from angle, 4 absent ; 6 from below 
upper angle; 7, 8, and 10 stalked, 9 absent ; 11 from cell. Hind 
wing with vein 2 from close to angle of cell; 3 and 5 strongly 
stalked, 4 absent; 6, 7 shortly stalked; 8 anastomosing with 7. 


Stenocalama ochrotis, sp. n. 


©. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with rufous. Fore 
wing whitish suffused with rufous and without markings. Hind 
wing white, the costal area tinged with rufous. 

Hab. Ucanpa, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 1 Q type. Kxp. 
16 mm. 


Genus PLATYTESIS, nov. 
Type, P. semifurva. 


Proboseis aborted and minute; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 309 


reaching to vertex of head and broadly fringed with scales in front, 
the 3rd moderate and acute; maxillary palpi slight and filiform ; 
frons smooth and rounded; antennz of female somewhat laminate 
and almost simple. Fore wing rather narrow, the apex rounded ; 
vein 3 from before angle of cell; 5 from just above angle; 6 from 
below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 from cell. 
Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 from just above 
angle; 6, 7 shortly stalked; 8 anastomosing with 7. 


Platytesis semifurva, sp. n. 


2. Head and thorax fulvous; abdomen whitish, dorsally suffused 
with fulvous; pectus and legs whitish. Fore wing fulvous with 
slight dark irroration; cilia silvery white with a black line near 
base. Hind wing white with a faint brownish tinge; the cilia 
with a slight blackish line near base to submedian fold. Underside 
white, the fore wing and costal area of hind wing suffused with 
fulvous. 

Hab. Stam, Biserat, 1 $ type. Hwvp. 16 mm. 


Genus PATISSODES, nov. 
Type, P. fulvinotata. 


Proboscis aborted and minute; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint 
reaching to about middle of frons and moderately scaled in front, 
the 38rd moderate and obtuse; maxillary palpi minute; frons 
smooth and rounded; antennz of male laminate and almost simple. 
Fore wing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; 
veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell, 4,5 approximated for a short dis- 
tance; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from 
cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell; 6, 7 from 
upper angle; 8 anastomosing with 7. 


Patissodes fulvinotata, sp. n. 


3. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white; antenne yellow- 
brown ; palpi blackish above to near extremity of 2nd joint; fore 
tibiz and the tarsi banded with black-brown. Fore wing silvery 
white; a rather diffused pale fulvous antemedial band, oblique to 
just below the cell, where it is angled outwards, then inwardly 
oblique; a diffused pale discoidal spot; a diffused pale fulvous 
subterminal band, interrupted between veins 5 and 38, where there 
is a spot beyond it on termen. Hind wing silvery white. Under- 
side white; fore wing with postmedial series of minute blackish 
streaks on the veins from below costa to vein 8; hind wing with 
punctiform blackish postmedial line from costa to vein 3. 

Hab, Stncavore (Ridley), 1 3 type. Exp. 20 mm. 


(2) Neoschenobia decoloralis, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax pale reddish brown, the frons with white 


310 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


line at sides; abdomen white, dorsally tinged with reddish brown 
except towards extremity ; pectus and legs white, the latter tinged 
with reddish brown. Fore wing pale reddish brown; an oblique 
sinuous fuscous antemedial line; a blackish discoidal bar; post- 
medial line fuscous, excurved to vein 3, then incurved. Hind wing 
white slightly tinged with reddish brown. Underside white, the 
fore wing and costal half of hind wing tinged with reddish brown. 

Hab, N. Curya, Pekin, Western Hills (Hughes), 1 Q type. 

Exp. 32. mm. 
(2) Acropentias papuensis, sp. un. 

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white suffused with pale fulvous 
brown; pectus and mid and hind legs white, the fore legs 
fulvous brown with the tarsi tinged with fuscous. Fore wing 
pale fulvous brown with slight dark irroration; the terminal half 
of costa with a series of black bars with white between them; a 
blackish antemedial line, oblique to submedian fold; an oblique 
black discoidal bar, defined on outer side by white; postmedial 
line blackish, excurved beyond the cell, then oblique; a terminal 
series of black points; cilia white with a dark brown line near base 
interrupted at the veins, the tips brown between veins 4 and 2. 
Hind wing white tinged with fulvous brown; a blackish post- 
medial line from costa to submedian fold; a terminal series of 
blackish striz to submedian fold; cilia white with series of blackish 
points near base to vein 4, blackish at base and tips between 
veins 4 and 2. Underside of fore wing whitish suffused with 
fulvous brown, a black discoidal point with some diffused white 
beyond it, an oblique black postmedial line, diffused towards costa 
on which there is a black spot before it and obsolescent below 
vein 3, some black points beyond it on costa; hind wing white 
slightly tinged with fulvous brown, a black discoidal point and 
slightly waved postmedial line, ineurved below vein 3 and obsolete 
below vein 1. 

Hab. Durcn N. Guinea, Kapaur (Doherty), 1 9 type. Exp. 


22 mm. 


(2) Auchmophora sufetuloides, sp. n. 


3. Black-brown. Fore wing with numerous white points on 
costa; a pale antemedial line dentate above vein 1; a dark diseoidal 
spot; a pale subterminal line slightly excurved at middle. Hind 
wing with pale subterminal line angled at vein 2. 

Q@ darker, especially the hind wing. 

Hab. Srerra LEONE (Clements), 1 9; S. Ni@erta, Warri 
(Roth), 13 type. Hxp., d 14, 2 20 mill. 


Genus NEOBANEPA, nov. 
Type, N. aglossodes. 


Proboscis aborted and minute; palpi with the 2nd joint porrect, 
extending about twice the length of head and somewhat angled 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 311 


with scales above at middle, the 3rd rather long, obliquely upturned, 
and acuminate at extremity; maxillary palpi strongly dilated with 
scales; frons smooth and rounded; antenne of male somewhat 
laminate and minutely ciliated. Fore wing with the apex some- 
what produced and acute, the termen evenly curved; vein 3 from 
before angle of cell; 4, 5 shortly stalked; 6, 7 stalked; 8, 9 
stalked; 10, 11 from cell, 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing 
with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4,5 stalked; 6,7 from upperangle; 
8 anastomosing with 7. 


Neobanepa aglossodes, sp. n. 


Head and thorax black-brown mixed with some golden ochreous ; 
antenne golden ochreous; abdomen pale golden ochreous with 
some blackish irroration towards extremity and with lateral black 
stripes. Fore wing black-brown with a golden ochreous gloss, the 
terminal area more golden ochreous especially towards costa; ante- 
medial line whitish defined on outer side by diffused black, angled 
outwards at discal and submedian folds; a black discoidal spot; 
the medial part of costa golden ochreous with two small black 
spots on it; postmedial line whitish defined on inner side by 
diffused black, excurved from below costa to submedian fold and 
incurved at vein 1; the terminal area with three small black spots 
on costa and a terminal series of black points; cilia with a black 
line near base followed by a white line. Hind wing pale golden 
ochreous with a slight blackish discoidal spot and faint diffused 
postmedial line from costa to vein 5. Underside of fore wing with 
the terminal area clear golden ochreous, the black spots on terminal 
half of costa distinct, a curved black postmedial bar from costa ; 
hind wing with the costal area suffused with black to the post- 
medial line which is distinct to vein 5, the discal spot also distinct; 
a postmedial black bar above inner margin and mark at tornus. 

_ Hab. Perv, St. Domingo (Ockenden), 4 5,2 2 type. zp. 
20-28 mm. ' 


Genus NyMPHULODES, nov. 

Type, N. (Nymphula) franciscalis, Schaus. 

Proboscis aborted ; palpi porrect, the 2nd joint extending about 
three times length of head and fringed with long hair above and 
below, the 3rd moderate, upturned, naked ; maxillary palpi strongly 
dilated with scales; antennz of male annulate and ciliated, hind 
tibia with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing very long and narrow, 
the apex rounded, the termen obliquely curved; vein 3 from before 
angle of cell; 5 from just above angle; 6 from below angle; 7 from 
angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 from cell, free. Hind wing with 
veins 3, 4 from angle of cell, 4, 5 coincident; 6,7 from upper 
angle, 8 anastomosing with 7 towards apex. 


Nymphulodes francisealis, 
Nymphula franciscalis, Schaus, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxx, p. 139 (1906). Brazil, 


312 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


(7) Alpheias bipunctalis, sp. n. 


¢. Head and thorax fuscous brown with a slight cupreous 
gloss ; abdomen pale cupreous tinged with brown; pectus, legs, and 
ventral surface of abdomen whitish, the fore tibiz suffused with 
fuscous and the, tarsi ringed with fuscous. Fore wing pale 
cupreous yellow, the costal area white from before middle to the 
subterminal line curving down to median nervure at end of cell, 
enclosing a diffused blackish mark on medial part of costa and 
defined by blackish before it on costa and below; black points 
in lower part of cell towards extremity and on discocellulars ; 
rather diffused blackish postmedial and subterminal lines, some- 
what incurved to vein 5 where they are slightly excurved, the 
subterminal line bent outwards to apex; a punctiform blackish 
terminal line. Hind wing whitish tinged with cupreous brown. 
Underside whitish suffused with brown. 

Hab. Jamaica, Moneague (Walsingham), 1 2 type. Exp. 


12 mm. 


Genus SCH@NERUPA, nov. 
Type, S. thermantis. 


Proboscis aborted and minute; palpi porrect, extending about 
two and a half times length of head and roughly sealed; maxillary 
palpi triangularly dilated with seales; frons with slight rounded 
prominence; antennze of male strongly laminate and ciliated. 
Fore wing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved ; 
vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from just above angle ; 
6 from below upper angle; 7 shortly stalked with 8, 9,10; 11 from 
cell. Hind wing with vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 


5 from just above angle; 6,7 shortly stalked; 8 anastomosing 
with 7. 


Schenerupa thermantis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax deep rufous; abdomen cupreous yellow. 
Fore wing bright rufous with a cupreous gloss and slight dark 
irroration ; antemedial line whitish to submedian fold, then dark, 
angled outwards at median nervure; a small rather diffused 
blackish discoidal spot; postmedial line with white bar from 
costa, then blackish, angled outwards below costa, then oblique 
and ending in a small spot on inner margin. Hind wing yellowish 
tinged with cupreous rufous. Underside of fore wing rufous, of 
hind wing yellowish with the costa] area suffused with rufous; 
both wings with oblique rather diffused rufous postmedial line. 

Hab. Ecvapor, R. Pastaza, El Topo (Palmer), 1 3 type. 
Exp. 26 mm. 


Genus ENDOTRICHODES, nov. 
Type, E. margarilifera, 


Proboscis absent; palpi porrect, extending about the length of 
head, the 2nd joint in male with tuft of hair above from base 


Pyralide: of the Subfamily Sigine.- = 313 


curved forwards to near tips of palpi, the extremity of 2nd joint 
fringed with hair above hiding the 3rd joint, in female the palpi 
moderately scaled and the 3rd joint minute; maxillary palpi 
triangularly dilated with scales; frons smooth and rounded; 
antennz of male ciliated. Fore wing with the apex rounded, the 
termen excised below apex and excurved at middle; vein 3 from 
below angle of cell; 5 from just above angle; 6 from below upper 
angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 from cell. Hind wing 
with the termen excurved at middle; veins 3 and 5 from close to 
angle of cell; 6, 7 very shortly stalked; 8 anastomosing with 7. 


Endotrichodes margaritifera, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen bright rufous; antenne brownish; 
palpi white at base below ; pectus and legs white, the fore tibie at 
extremities and the tarsi banded with black; ventral surface of 
abdomen whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing bright rufous 
with slight dark irroration; an oblique subbasal whitish striga 
from costa; a strongly excurved pearly white medial line, obolescent 
below submedian fold and defined on outer side by blackish towards 
costa; a small rather diffused black discoidal spot; postmedial line 
double, dark brown, filled in with pearly white and with some 
pearly white before it on costal area, slightly excurved below costa 
and at middle, then oblique and sinuous; a terminal series of 
small silvery white spots defined on outer side by black striz. 
Hind wing bright rufous with slight dark irroration ; some whitish 
at base and on basal half of inner margin; ante- and postmedial 
lines deep rufous from costa to above inner margin, the former 
defined on inner side slightly by yellowish and sinuous, the latter 
slightly defined on outer side by yellowish, excurved to beyond 
lower angle of cell to below which it is bent inwards, then sinuous 
and joining the antemedial line at vein 1, a small black discoidal 
spot between them with a pearly white band from it to vein1l; a 
terminal series of silvery white striz defined on outer side by black 
striz. Underside ochreous tinged with rufous; fore wing with 
slight obliquely curved sinuous brown antemedial line, small black 
discoidal spot and double slightly waved postmedial line filled in 
with whitish at costa; hind wing with slight brown antemedial 
line sinuous to median nervure, then oblique, two black discoidal 
points and brown waved postmedial line excurved from below costa 
to vein 3 then incurved, some white between the lines below the 
cell. 

Hab. Br. N. Gutyea, Milne Bay (Meek), 1 3, 1 Q type. 
Exp., & 20, 2 28 mm. 


Genus ExopEsIs, nov. 
Type, E. vaterfieldi. 


Proboscis absent; palpi downcurved, extending about two and a 
half times length of head, thickly scaled, the 2nd joint broadly 


314 Sir G. F’. Hampson on new 


scaled above towards extremity, the 3rd rather long; maxillary 
palpi triangularly dilated with scales; frons smooth; antenne of 
male laminate and almost simple; tibiz smoothly scaled. Fore 
wing rather narrow, the apex rounded, the termen obliquely 
curved; veins 3 and 5 from close to angle of cell; 6 from upper 
angle; 7, 8 coincident and 9 stalked with them almost to apex; 
10, 11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 
stalked almost to termen; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 anastomosing 
with 7 to near apex. 

In key differs from Lewcoides, etc., in the fore wing having 
veins 7 and 9 stalked, 8 absent. 


Exodesis vaterfieldi, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax fuscous brown glossed with grey, the 
antenne ochreous; abdomen ochreous white tinged with red- 
brown ; pectus and legs ochreous mixed with brown, the fore legs 
and tarsi black, the latter ringed with white. Fore wing grey- 
white irrorated with pale fuscous brown especially on basal area 
and at termen, the costal area almost pure white from the ante- 
medial to the subterminal line; antemedial line deuble, brownish, 
faint, rather diffused and somewhat oblique; a black bar from 
middle of costa, strong black discoidal bar, and some black irrora- 
tion towards extremity of median nervure; postmedial line faint, 
brownish, rather diffused, excurved to vein 4, then incurved; a 
faint waved brownish subterminal line; a fine dark terminal line 
and ochreous white line at base of eilia, which are strongly irrorated 
with fuscous brown. Hind wing glossy white; a fine red-brown 
terminal line and red-brown line near base of cilia. 


Hab. Supdn, Port Sudan (Waterfield),1 3 type. Exp. 18 mm. 


(3) *Obtusipalpis brunneata, sp. n. 


2. White; palpi tinged with fuscous at sides; tarsi tinged 
with fulvous and ringed with black ; abdomen dorsally tinged with 
fuscous on basal half and with fulvous towards extremity. Fore 
wing with some fuscous at base ; a large brown patch from before 
middle to termen except on apical area, the veins on it streaked 
with darker brown and white and with a white spot on vein 2 near 
its origin, the inner margin streaked with white, the costal area 
white, “the brown only extending to costa before middle and near 
apex ; a fine terminal black line and some black points towards 
apex; cilia fulvous at base, white at tips. Hind wing pure white 
with terminal series of black points, the cilia yellow at base. 

Hab. S. Nigeria, Warri (Dr. Roth), type 2 in Coll. Rothschild. 
Hap. 28 mm. 


(5) Obtusipalpis fusipartalis, sp. n. 


>. Head and thorax white ; abdomen white tinged with fulvous 
Db 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 315 


brown leaving whiter segmental lines ; antenne tinged with fulvous 
brown; palpi with the 2nd joint dark brown above to near 
extremity ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. 
Fore wing white suffused with fulvous brown leaving the base, the 
costa to beyond middle, the apical part of terminal area and a spot 
below end of cell white; a faint oblique antemedial shade ; traces 
of a dark discoidal annulus; a faint dark subterminal shade from 
costa to vein 3 with slight dark streaks on it at the veins, inter- 
rupted by a white streak in discal fold; black points on termen 
from apex to vein 3, rather wedge-shaped towards apex. Hind 
wing white; the termen with black points to vein 3 then a fine 
line to near tornus; cilia tinged with fulvous at base. Underside 
of fore wing tinged with fulvous brown except on inner area. 

Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 2 type. Exp. 
20 mm. 


(6) Obtusipalpis albidalis, sp. n. 


3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white slightly tinged in parts 
with fulvous brown; palpi, with the 2nd joint black above ; 
pectus, Jegs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore tibia 
and tarsi banded with blackish. Fore wing white slightly tinged 
with fulvous ; a faint dark discoidal bar and oblique diffused post- 
medial line from vein 4 to inner margin ; a terminal series of black 
points to vein 4, then a fine line; cilia more strongly tinged with 
fulvous. Hind wing white; a terminal series of black points to. 
vein 4, then a fine line to near tornus. Underside white faintly 
tinged with fulvous. 

Hab. Sterra LEONE (Clements), 3 3 ; Gotp Coast, Kumasi 
(Whiteside), 1 9 type. Exp. 18-20 mm. 


(7) Brihaspa tinctalis, sp. n. 
Donacaula cutorodes, Turner, Ann. Queensl. Mus. 1911, p. 118, non descr: 


@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the sides of head, tegulz,. 
and patagia tinged with fulvous brown, the abdomen with some 
fulvous on dorsum near base ; palpi at sides and fore legs in front 
fulvous brown. Fore wing white tinged with fulvous brown. 
leaving slight white streaks on the veins, the inner and terminal 
areas whiter; a double very slightly sinuous fulvous brown sub- 

terminal line, arising from apex, oblique to vein 2, then bent 
inwards to inner margin before middle; a black terminal line ; 
cilia with a slight fulvous brown line near tips. Hind wing white 
with a very slight fulvous brown tinge. Underside of fore wing 
and costa of hind wing slightly tinged with fulvous brown. 
Hab. QuEENSLAND, Kuranda (Dodd), 19 type. Hap. 20 mm. 


(3a) Patissa fulvipunctalis, sp. n. 


Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white ;: 
a slight orange-fulvous discoidal spot and a subterminal spot on: 


316 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


vein 6 with a point above it on vein 7. Hind wing and underside 
white. 

Hab. Ueanna, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 1 9 type. Hap. 
16 mm. 


(36) Patissa stenopteralis, sp. n. 


3. Pure white. Fore wing very long and narrow; a pale 
cupreous brown point below costa near base and patch below the 
eell; a straight erect antemedial band; a discocellular spot con- 
joined to ‘the postmedial band which is bent inwards to lower angle 
of cell; a subterminal highly dentate line ; a fine marginal line. 

Hab. QuEENnstand, Innisfail, type td in Coll. Rothschild. 
Hap. 16 mm. 


(5a) Patissa rubrilinealis, sp. n. 


2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white ; 
a slightly inwardly oblique scarlet medial line from just below costa 
to inner margin ; an oblique scarlet subterminal striga from below 
costa to vein 7 with a point below it on vein 6. Hind wing and 
underside silvery white. 

Hab, Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 2 type. up. 
12 mm. 


(5 6) Patissa atritinealis, sp. n. 


@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white ; 
an inwardly oblique cupreous black-brown line from upper angle of 
cell to inner margin; an oblique slightly sinuous cupreous black- 
brown line from apex to discal fold ; a terminal series of cupreous 
black-brown points. Hind wing and underside silvery white. 

Hab. Br. E. Arrica (Hinde), 1 2 type. Harp. 18 mm. 


(5d) Patissa rufitinctalis, sp. n. 


¢. Head and thorax white suffused with pale rufous ; abdomen 
white ; palpi blackish ; pectus and legs suffused with pale rufous. 
Fore wing white suffused with pale rufous leaving some white in 
and below end of cell and the terminal area white except at costa ; 
a minute black point at upper angle of cell and small spot at lower 
angle. Hind wing white; a pale rufous subterminal spot below 
vein 2 and a spot at tornus. Underside white. 

2. Hind wing with the inner area suffused with pale rufous and 
without the spots below vein 2 and at tornus. 

Hab. Strrra Leone (Clements),1 36,12 type. Hap. 20mm. 


(5 f) Patissa geminalis, sp. n. 


3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pure white, the sides of frons, 
palpi, pectus, fore and mid legs suffused with fuscous. Fore wing 
silvery white with prominent black points at upper and lower 


Pyralide of the Subfamily Siginz. ou 


angles of cell. Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing 
with the costal area tinged with fuscous. 

2. Without any fuscous except on inner side of fore legs. 

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Mukuniu (Betton), 1 2, Samburu 
(Betton), 12; Ueanna, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 1d ; “GERM. 
E. Arrica,” Dar-es-Salaam, 1 9 ; Br. E. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje 
(Neave), 6 5, 6 2 type; MasHonaranp, Salisbury (Marshall), 
Le Sino Pe Exp. 20-30 mm. 


(5h) Patissa monostidzalis, sp. n. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen white; antenne blackish except 
above; palpi blackish; pectus and legs tinged with cupreous 
brown. Fore wing silvery white; a minute black spot at lower 
angle of cell. Hind oe and underside silvery white. 

Hab. 8. Niaerta, Lagos (Dudgeon), 1 3 ; N. Niaerta, Minna 
(Macfie), 13,19 type. Exp. 20 mm. 


(66) Patissa ochreipalpalis, sp. n. 


é. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white; palpi ochreous 
yellow ; fore tibize fuscous. Fore and hind wings “attics silvery 
white. Underside of fore wing tinged with red-brown. 

Hab. Comoro Is., Mayotta (Meade-Waldo), 2 3 type. Eup. 
14 mm. 


(6c) Patissa fulvicepsalis, sp. n. 


3. Head orange-fulvous; antenne white, brown at. sides; 
thorax and abdomen silvery white; fore legs tinged with brown. 
Fore and hind wings uniform silvery white. Underside of fore 
wing tinged with brown except on terminal area. 

Ab. 1. Tegule and legs tinged with orange-fulvous. 

Hab. W. Arrica (Dudgeon), 36; N. Nicerta, Minna 
(Macfie), 4 3 type; Uaanpa, Gondokoro (Reymes-Cole), 2 ¢ ; 
Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 4.6. Hxp. 16-22 mm. 


(7c) Patissa atricostalis, sp. n. 


3. Pure white; palpi at sides and shoulders black-brown ; 
antenne blackish. Fore wing with the costa blackish, tapering to 
before apex. 

Hab. QUEENSLAND, Cedar Bay, Cooktown (Meek); W, Auvs- 
TRALIA, Sherlock R. (Clements), 1 3, 3 Y type, Roebourne, 1 ¢. 
Exp. 18-22 mm, 


(7d) Patissa ochroalis, sp. n. 


3d. Head reddish brown ; thorax and abdomen ochreous yellow ; 
pectus, legs, and ventral eae of abdomen ochreous white, the 
fore legs tinged with brown. Wings ochreous yellow, the costa of 
fore wing red-brown. 


318 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


Q@. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white, the sides of 
head and palpi fulvous yellow; fore wing ochreous yellow, the 
costa narrowly red-brown towards base; hind wing and underside 
ochreous white. a 

Hab. Surinam, Rio Derg, 1 ¢ type; Braziz, Amazons, Ourem 
(Schulz), 12. Eap., 5 22, 2 14mm. 


(8a) Patissa fractilinealis, sp. n. 


Head and.thorax white more or less irrorated with chocolate- 
brown ; abdomen white ; palpi and fore legs more strongly tinged 
with chocolate-brown. Fore wing white irrorated with chocolate- 
brown ; the costal edge more or less strongly chocolate-brown on 
basal half ; a minute chocolate-brown spot at upper angle of cell ; 
an oblique chocolate-brown line from costa just before apex to inner 
margin beyond middle, obsolescent towards apex, below vein 2 
reduced to a small spot on vein 1, or reduced to points on the veins 
throughout; a fine chocolate-brown terminal line. Hind wing 
white irrorated with a few chocolate-brown scales on terminal half ; 
a fine chocolate-brown terminal line. Underside white irrorated 
with chocolate-brown scales; fore wing with oblique chocolate- 
brown line from costa before apex to vein 2; hind wing with 
oblique punctiform chocolate-brown line from costa before apex 
to submedian fold. 

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Crawshay, Anderson), 2 2 ; 
Ueanpa, Katesa (Betton), 1 d type, Ketoma (Doggett), 1 3. 
Exp. 22 mm. 


(La) Styphlolepis leucosticta, sp. n. 


Head and thorax cupreous rufous; palpi white below to near 
extremity of 2nd joint; abdomen cupreous rufous, the base, sides, 
and anal tuft whitish ; pectus and legs white tinged with cupreous 
rufous; ventral surface of abdomen with white segmental lines. 
Fore wing cupreous rufous irrorated with a few dark brown scales, 
the costa towards base and terminal area rather browner ; a small 
subbasal silvery white spot defined by darker brown above vein 1; 
an indistinct slightly sinuous brown medial line, oblique below the 
cell; an indistinct brown postmedial line, slightly excurved below 
costa, then oblique; cilia dark brown with a fine whitish line at 
base, the tips white at submedian fold. Hind wing white, the 
apical area pale cupreous brown, broadly at costa, narrowing to a 
point at termen at vein 3, a slight waved brown subterminal line 
from costa to vein 4; cilia with a rufous line near base to sub- 
median fold, rufous at tips towards apex. Underside of fore wing 
with the cell and areas just beyond its upper and lower extremities 
dotted with white scales. 

Antenne with uniseriate laminate branches; fore wing with 
veins 6, 7 hardly stalked. 

Hab. W. Avsrrata, Sherlock R. (Clements), 1 3 type. Exp. 


50 mm. 


Pyralide of the Subfamily Siginze. 319: 


Genus ScIRPOPHAGA, insert 
Topeutis, Hiibn. Verz. p. 366 (1827), type prelata, which has priority. 


(86) TLopeutis rhodoproctalis, sp. n. 


@. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the anal tuft rose- 
pink ; antennz blackish at sides ; fore tibiz on outer side, the fore 
and mid tarsi and the hind tarsi except basal joint fuscous. Wings 
silvery white, the fore wing with small black spot at lower angle 
of cell. 


Hab. Stncarore (Ridley), 1 2 type. Exp. 36 mm. 
(8d) Topeutis flavidorsalis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax white suffused with ochreous yellow ; 
abdomen white, the two basal segments dorsally suffused with 
fulvous yellow. Fore and mid legs ochreous brown, the hind legs 
ochreous white. Fore wing chalky white, the basal area suffused 
with ochreous yellow, the costal edge brownish to middle; a round 
black spot at lower angle of cell. Hind wing silvery white, the 
costal area, the cell and area beyond it, and the submedian fold 
suffused with brown. Underside of fore wing suffused with reddish 
brown except on terminal area. Hind wing with the costal area 
to beyond middle and the area just beyond the cell tinged with 
reddish brown. 

Hab. Buutin (Dudgeon), 1 3 type. Exp. 30 mm. 


(8d) Topeutis brunnealis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax ochreous brown; abdomen white tinged 
with brown ; palpi fuscous brown to near " extremity of 2nd joint, 
the tips white tinged with ochreous; fore and mid legs fuscous 
brown, the hind legs white tinged with brown. Fore wing ochreous 
brown ; an oblique black bar at lower angle of cell. Hind wing 
white tinged with ochreous brown. Underside of fore wing 
fulvous brown ; hind wing white tinged with fulvous brown, the 
inner area whiter. 

Hab. Burma, Up. Chindwisi Distr., 1 ¢ type. Hap. 30 mm. 


(18 a) Topeutis termipunctalis, sp. n. 


Q. Head and thorax pale pink, the head with some white ; 
abdomen white with fulvous yellow dorsal patch on 2nd and 38rd 
segments ; pectus white ; legs white tinged with pink. Fore wing 
pale pink irrorated with a few dark brown scales; a slight dark 
brown spot at lower angle of cell ; a terminal series of black points ; 
cilia white mixed with dark brown. Hind wing silvery white. 
Underside of fore wing white tinged with pink. 

Hab. Br. C, Arrica, Mt. Mlanje, Luchenya R. (Weave), 
1 9 type. Hap. 16 mm. 


320 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


(18¢) TLopeutis irrorata, sp. n. 


Head and thorax ochreous tinged with red-brown; abdomen 
ochreous white, dorsally suffused with fulvous yellow towards base ; 
autenne brownish ; palpi dark brown above, whitish below ; pectus 
and legs ochreous white, the fore legs tinged with brown. Fore 
wing ochreous tinged with red-brown and irrorated with dark brown, 
the costal edge brown ; an indistinct brownish discoidal bar; an 
oblique rather diffused brownish subterminal line; the termen 
rather more strongly tinged with brown. Hind wing silvery white 
with subterminal series of slight reddish brown points to vein 2 
and terminal series of more distinct points. Underside of fore 
wing tinged with red-brown, a slight brownish subterminal line 
with diffused white beyond it; hind wing tinged with red-brown 
except on inner area, a slight brownish postmedial line to vein 2. 

Hab. Braztt, Castro ParahMa (D. Jones), 25, 19 type. 
Exp. 12-16 mm. 


(la) Schenobius pyraustalis, sp. n. 


do. Head and thorax yellowish suffused with rufous ; abdomen 
white dorsally tinged with rufous ; fore and mid legs pale rufous. 
Fore wing yellowish suffused with rufous, the costal area suffused 
with dark red-brown to end of cell; small antemedial and medial 
black spots on median nervure and vein 1; a diffused oblique 
rather maculate blackish bar from upper angle of cell to vein 3 
beyond the cell; a diffused maculate blackish subterminal band 
from costa to below vein 8. Hind wing glossy white, faintly 
tinged with brown except towards base. Underside of fore wing 
and the costal area of hind wing and the terminal area except 
towards tornus suffused with rufous, the costal area of fore wing 
suffused with dark brown to beyond end of cell. 

Hab. Argentina, Goya Corrientes (Perrens), 2 3 type. 
Exp. 22 mm. 


(3a) Schenobius rufalis, sp. n. 


®. Head and thorax rufous suffused with red-brown ; abdomen 
ochreous white, dorsally tinged with rufous towards base ; antennw 
brown ; pectus and hind legs ochreous white; fore and mid legs 
ochreous suffused with rufous, the tarsi brown with slight pale 
rings. Fore wing ochreous suffused with rufous and irrorated 
with dark red-brown; a black point at lower angle of cell; a 
terminal series of slight black points; cilia white tinged with 
rufous. Hind wing silvery white with a tinge of buff; a terminal 
series of black points to vein 2. Underside of fore wing ochreous 
suffused with red-brown, the costa whiter to beyond middle ; hind 
wing brownish white, the costal half suffused with red-brown to 
beyond the cell. 

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Alubas (Betton), 19; Ucanpna 
(Doggett), 2 Q type. Hap. 40-44 mm. 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigiuse. 321 


(8b) Schenobius ignitalis, sp. n. 


do. Head and thorax rufous mixed with dark brown; abdomen 
silky whitish, dorsally tinged with rufous towards hase: pectus, 
legs, and Ste surface of. abdomen whitish, suffused with rufous. 
Fore wing fiery rufous, the costal half suffused with dark brown ; 
a small black spot at lower angle of cell and smaller spot at upper 
angle; antemedial and medial points in submedian fold; a 
maculate black line from apex to submedian fold below end of cell : 
a terminal series of strong black points. Hind wing silky white 
with a slight brownish tinge ; a terminal series of black points to 
‘vein 2; cilia ochreous. Wuderside of fore wing ochreous tinged 
with brown, the oblique line from apex indistinet and diffused ; 
hind wing ochreous white, an indistinct diffused oblique aeney 
line from. apex to vein 2. 

@. Fore wing without the black spot from upper angle of cell, 
the oblique line from apex indistinct and diffused. 

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 ¢,1 92 type; Narat, 
Durban (Queckett, Marley, Leigh, Clark), 72. Exp. & 82, 
2 38444 mm. 


(7b) Schenobius attenuata, sp. n. 


3. Very slender; fore wing very longand narrow. White; head, 
thorax, abdomen, and fore wing tinged with ochreous. Fore wing 
irrorated with By ge dark ae scales ; ; a fine dark terminal nel 
Hind wing nearly, pure white. 


Hab. Naat, Kimbolton (Hutchinson), 2 d type.” Exp. 16 mm. 


(7c) Schenobius micralis, sp. n. 


3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous 
brown ; antenne fuscous; palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface 
of abdomen white, the palpi and legs tinged with fuscous. Fore 
wing white suffused with brownish ochreous. Hind wing white 
with a slight ochreous tinge. Underside white suffused with 
brownish ochreous. 

Hab. C. Cutna, Fokien, Ting-hai (de la Garde), 2 3 type. 
Exp. 16 mm. 


(lla) Schenobius semifuscalis, sp. n. 


3. Head and thorax fuscous brown with a slight cupreous tinge, 
the vertex of head with some whitish ; abdomen white tinged with 
rufous ; fore and mid legs red-brown, the hind legs whitish. Fore 
wing glossy fuscous brown tinged with rufous especially on inner 
half ; a small black spot at lower angle of cell; a terminal series of 
black points; cilia with some whitish mixed and a punctiform 
blackish line at middle. Hind wing glossy white with a slight red- 
brown tinge, the terminal area more strongly suffused with reddish 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 24 


322 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


brown to submedian fold; a terminal series of black points. 
Underside of fore wing pale reddish brown ; hind wing white, the 
costal area and terminal area to submedian fold suffused with red- 
brown ; both wings with terminal series of black points to vein 2. 


Hab. ARGENTINA, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 3 type. 
Exp. 24 mm. 


(116) Schenobius pulverealis, sp. n. 


3. Head white tinged with pale red-brown; palpi pale red- 
brown, white below towards base ; thorax pale red-brown ; abdomen 
white tinged with red-brown, the 2nd and 8rd segments with dorsal 
fulvous yellow patch ; pectus and legs white tinged with red-brown. 
Fore wing grey-white tinged with brown and irrorated with fuscous, 
the costal half to submedian fold and to the oblique line from apex 
browner ; ‘a small black spot at lower angle of cell and usually a 
point at upper angle ; blackish ante- and postmedial points in sub- 
median fold and an oblique blackish line from apex to discal fold ; 
a terminal series of prominent black points. Hind wing white 
tinged with reddish brown especially on costal half; a terminal 
series of black points to vein 2. Underside pale red-brown, the 
inner area of hind wing white. 

@. Fore wing redder brown, the spot at lower angle of cell 
reduced to a point, the points and oblique line from apex obsolete. 

Hab. Paraauay, Sapucay (Foster), 1d ; ArGENTINA, Santa Fé, 
Ocampo (Wagner), 235, 19 type, Gran Chaco, Florenzia 
(Wagner),1 9 ; Hab.ign,19. Exp., g 22-24, 9 40-44 mm. 


(14a) Schenobius fulvitinctalis, sp. n. 


@. Head and thorax pale fulvous brown; abdomen white 
slightly tinged with fulvous brown except at base; pectus and legs 
white tinged with fulvous brown. Fore wing pale fulvous brown ; 
a diffused brown streak in and beyond end of cell; slight diffused 
fuscous spots at angles of cell and an oblique series of slight rather 
diffused blackish spots from apex to vein 4; a terminal series of 
black points. Hind wing silvery white with a faint brownish tinge. 
Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing tinged with 
fulvous brown. 


Hab. Puturprines, Ticao I. (McGregor), 1 2 type. up. 
30 mm, 


(146) Schaenobius pheopastalis, sp. n, 


3. Head and thorax brown with a slight cupreous tinge; 
abdomen whitish tinged with brown; pectus and legs whitish 
suffused with reddish brown. Fore wing greyish suffused with 
reddish brown and irrorated with fuscous brown ; a slight blackish 
spot at lower angle of cell and point at upper angle; an oblique 
blackish shade from apex to just beyond lower angle of cell; a 
terminal series of black points. Hind wing whitish tinged with 


Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 323 


brown ; a faint oblique dark shade from apex to beyond lower angle 
of cell; a terminal series of slight blackish points to vein 2. 
Underside of fore wing and the costal area of hind wing suffused 
with reddish brown, the rest of hind wing brownish white. 

Hab. Transvaal, Pretoria (Distant), 1d type. Exp. 30 mm. 


(196) Schenobius ochritinctalis, sp. n. ~ 


3. Head and thorax white, the antenne fuscous except above, 
the palpi reddish brown; abdomen white dorsally tinged with 
fulvous yellow, the 1st segment at extremity and the 2nd and 8rd 
segments deeper fulvous yellow; legs tinged with brown. Fore 
wing white, tinged with ochreous especially on basal area and 
costal area to end of cell, the costal edge fuscous towards base. 
Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing and the costal 
area of hind wing suffused with reddish brown. 

fab. Sierra Leone (Clements), 1 3 type. Exp. 24 mm. 


(2) Donacaula pulverea, sp. n. 


White ; head, thorax, and fore wing thickly irrorated with 
fuscous ; abdomen less strongly irrorated and dorsally yellowish 
towards base. Fore wing with black point at lower angle of cell ; 
a curved fuscous line from apex to middle of inner margin, with 
less irroration on each side of it towards inner margin; a terminal 
series of black points. Hind wing with traces of a line from apex 
to tornus formed by slight fuscous irroration ; a terminal series of 
black points. 

Hab. Natat, Weenen, types in Coll. Rothschild and B.M. 


Exp., 5 24, 9 26 mm. 


(46) Cirrhochrista annulifera, sp. un. 


Pure white; palpi red at sides; antenne reddish; thorax and 
abdomen with dorsal series of red-brown marks. Fore wing with 
the costa fulvous irrorated with dark brown and emitting a sub- 
basal speck and antemedial and medial triangular marks; an 
antemedial line arising from the 1st triangular mark, very oblique 
to vein 1 where it is angled; a large annulus between the 
2nd triangular mark and tornus; a postmedial annular fulvous 
mark on costa emitting a line across apical area to termen, 
obtusely angled inwards on vein 6; a terminal line with points 
running inwards on the veins and expanding into an annulus at 
tornus. Hind wing with terminal fulvous and dark brown line 
joined at vein 2 by a short oblique line from vein 5. 

Hab. D’EntreEcAsTEAux Is., Fergusson I., Goodenough I. 


(Meek), 1 3 type. Exp. 20 mm. 


24* 


324 Sir G. F. Hampson on new 


(5b) Cirrhochrista convoluta, sp. n. 


@. Pure white; palpi, sides of frons, antenne, shoulders, and 
bands on fore legs rufous; abdomen with dorsal rufous stripe 
emitting oblique lateral lines. Fore wing with yellow and brown 
costal fascia ; a short subbasal line ; an oblique antemedial line ex- 
panding and enclosing a pale spot on costa; a pale yellow discoidal 
line conjoined to the costal fascia and defined by a strong brown line - 
giving rise to fine lines enclosing a rounded space above submedian 
fold where they touch then an elliptical space above inner margin, 
the inner line being strongly dentate outwards above the margin ; 
a line across apical area dilated and enclosing pale yellow spots on 
costa and termen at vein 4, strongly dentate inwards on veins 
5 and 6; a terminal crenulate line and a line through the cilia. 
Hind wing with crenulate terminal line from vein 6 to submedian 
fold emitting an oblique striga at vein 3 and with a line through 
the cilia beyond it. 

Hab. Gourd Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 9 ; S. NigErta, 
Sapele (Sampson), 1 2 type, Lesha (Humfrey), 1 2 ; Navan, 
Durban (Gooch), 2 9. Huxp, 24-30 mm. 


(5¢) Cirrhochrista wanthographis, sp. n. 


2. Pure white; palpi, antennez, shoulders, and bands on fore 
legs yellow; abdomen with dorsal yellow band on 38rd segment 
followed by a series of spots. Fore wing with yellow costal fascia ; 
a yellow antemedial line defined by done scales, oblique from eoged 
to submedian fold where it is acutely angled; a yellow discoidal 
spot defined by brown lines; a waved postmedial band incurved 
below costa, excurved between veins 5 and 8, then bent inwards to 
below end of cell; a crenulate terminal line. Hind wing with 
waved yen eabbeerminel band irrorated with dark scales between 
veins 6 and 2; a crenulate terminal line. 

Hab. D’Enrrecasteavx Is., Fergusson I, (Meek), 1 9 type. 
Exp. 28 mm. ° 


(5e) Cirrhochrista diploschalis, sp. n. 


3S. Head and thorax white, the dorsum of thorax tinged with 
rufous, the antennze brownish at sides, the palpi, sides of head, and 
shoulders yellow and dark brown ; abdomen white, dorsally suffused 
with red-brown except at base and with slight blackish bands 
towards extremity ; fore tibie and tarsi tinged with rufous and 
banded with black. Fore wing silvery white ; the costa suffused 
with orange-yellow with a streak of silver y and dark brown scales on 
it on basal area ; ; a narrow oblique orange-yellow antemedial band, 
defined on outer side by dark brown scales and dilated towards 
costa; rather diffused dark red-brown medial and postmedial lines 
with some silvery scales on them towards costa, the former oblique, 
the latter incurved, anastomosing with the former at middle and 
ending at tornus, their forks towards costa and inner margin filled 


Pyralidze of the Subfamily Sigine. 325 


in with orange-yellow ; a curved dark red-brown subterminal line 
from costa to the postmedial line at vein 1, the area beyond it 
suffused with orange-yellow and with a silvery and brown streak 
beyond it below costa; a narrow red-brown terminal band with a 
series of minute silvery spots on it; cilia orange-yellow with some 
brown scales before tips which are whitish. Hind wing silvery 
white, the termen and cilia tinged with yellow. Underside white, 
the costa of fore wing tinged with yellow-brown. 

Hab. D’EnrrecastEaux Is., Fergusson I. (Meek), 2 3 type. 


Exp. 26 mm. 


(5 f) Cirrhochrista bifurcalis, sp. n. 


Head and thorax white; antenne slightly tinged with rufous ; 
palpi black-brown glossed with silver, white below towards base ; 
abdomen white, dorsally suffused with dark brown on medial seg- 
ments, the penultimate segment with yellow band with black points 
at sides, the anal tuft with yellow spot and black point; fore tibiz 
and tarsi banded with orange and black. Fore wing white, the 
costa orange ; a dark brown and silvery streak just below costa to 
middle ; a narrow oblique orange antemedial band with an incurved 
silvery and dark brown line on it; red-brown medial and post- 
medial lines with small silvery spots on them, the former excurved, 
the latter incurved and anastomosing with the former at middle, 
ending on termen above tornus, its fork towards costa filled in with 
orange and with an orange mark on it below vein 3; an oblique 
slightly sinuous red-brown line with black and silvery points on it 
at the veins from costa before apex to termen below vein 4, a brown 
and silvery streak beyond it below costa; a narrow silvery and 
brown terminal band with some black points before it towards apex. 
Hind wing silvery white. Underside white; fore wing with 
oblique series of dark points from costa beyond middle to vein 4 
_ near termen and dark points on termen towards apex. : 

Ab. 1. Abdomen with subdorsal dark brown and silvery spots on 
medial segments and without the yellow mark and black points 
on terminal segments. Formosa. 

Ab. 2. Abdomen tinged with rufous except at base; fore wing 
tinged with yellow-buff. Philippines to N. Guinea. 

Ab. 3. Fore wing with the area below the cell suffused with 
black-brown between the antemedial and medial lines. 

Hab. Formosa, Kanshirei (Wileman), 4 2 ; Assam, Khasis, 
ldtype; Purrrines, Mt. Makiling (Baker), 19; S. CeLEBEs 
(Doherty), 1 3, Sangir I. (Doherty), 1 ¢ ; Dutcu N. Guinea, 
Humbolt Bay (Doherty), 13. Hxp. 22-26 mm. 


(59) Cirrhochrista primulina, sp. n. 


2. Head and thorax white; antenne tinged with red-brown ; 
frons black at sides ; palpi tinged with red-brown and with blackish 


326 On new Pyralidee of the Subfamily Sigine. 


mixed ; abdomen white, tinged with red-brown except at base ; fore 
tibize and tarsi banded with rufous and black-brown. Fore wing 
white suffused with yellow-buff ; the costa deeper yellow to middle 
with a dark red-brown and silvery streak below it; a narrow 
oblique red-brown and silvery antemedial band ; medial and _post- 
medial red-brown and silvery lines, the former excurved, the latter 
incurved, anastomosing with the former at middle and ending at 
submedian fold near termen, enclosing a spot of the ground-colour 
at vein 2; a curved red-brown subterminal line from costa to the 
extremity of the postmedial line at submedian fold, crossed by a 
silvery streak below costa extending to termen; a narrow silvery 
terminal band edged with dark red-brown; cilia orange-yellow. 
Hind wing silvery white. Underside white ; fore wing with curved 
subterminal series of brown points from costa to vein 4. 


Hab. Br. N. Gutnea, Kumusi R. (Meek), 1 2 type. 


Exp. 
26 mm. 


(5h) Cirrhochrista aurantialis, sp. n. 


3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow; palpi black at base 
and tips; abdomen banded with black. Fore wing orange-yellow 
with silver markings on fuscous; the base of costa streaked with 
silver and fuscous ; anantemedial line angled inwards below the cell ; 
an excurved medial line more or less angled at lower end of cell 
and approaching the Ist line at costa and inner margin, at lower 
angle of cell it is quite or almost conjoined toa large somewhat 
irregular U-shaped mark from costa beyond middle ; bright silver 
and fuscous lines on apical part of costa and outer margin. Hind 
wing white becoming yellowish towards outer margin. 

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the area between the antemedial and 
medial lines filled in with fuscous black. 


Hab. Ampoyna (Doherty), 2 3 type. Exp. 26 mm. 


(8) Loxostegopsis pheopasta, sp. n. 


2. Head and thorax white tinged with fuscous brown ; abdomen 
white, pectus and legs white, the tarsi slightly tinged with brown 
towards extremities. Fore wing white strongly irrorated with 
dark brown; a slight dark brown postmedial line, excurved to 
discal fold, then oblique to inner margin beyond middle; a fine 
dark brown terminal line. Hind wing white slightly irrorated 
with brown except on inner area; a rather punctiform dark brown 
terminal line to submedian fold. Underside of fore wing suffused 
and irrorated with brown. 


Hab. U.S.A., Arizona, Phoenix (Kunze), 1 9 type. 


J5! vp : 
14 mm, 


On new Bryozoa from Esthonia. 327 


XXXII.—New Bryozoa from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. 
By Henprik Bekker, Cand. Geol., University of Tartu 
(Dorpat). 

[Plate VII.] 


INTRODUCTION. 


In the summer of 1917, I made a collection of bryozoa in 
the quarries of the villages Tiirpsalu and Kukruse or 
Kuckers, 10 km. N.W. of Jewe Station. These quarries had 
been taken in hand by the Russian Committee of Fuel 
in Petrograd, for the purpose of determining the existence 
and thickness of shale in the Kuckers stage of the Middle 
Ordovician in Esthonia. I was unable to obtain the results 
of their research, and because of war conditions could move 
without restriction only in a very limited area. 

During the winter of 1917, and in the first quarter of 1918, 
I determined a part of the collection in the Geological 
Institute of the University of Tartu (Dorpat or Jurjev). 
For the more complete examination and study of my 
collection, 1 had the opportunity of visiting London. 

I am indebted to the officers of the Geological Department 
of the British Museum for facilities in the library, for the 
use of Dr. R. 8. Bassler’s bryozoa collection from Esthonia, 
and the bryozoa material collected by Dr. F. A. Bather from 
Hsthonia and the Swedish formations, especially those 
of Ocland. 

1 have also been permitted to work in the Library and 
Museum of Practical Geology. 

Finally, I must express my warmest thanks to Dr. F. A. 
Bather, F.R.S., for his indispensable help in revising the 
manuscript. 


KUCKERS STAGE IN KUKRUSE AND TURPSALU. 


In the vicinity of the villages Kukruse and Tiirpsalu, 
3-6 km. from the shores of the Gulf of Finland, the Middle 
Ordovician strata rise in a sloping terrace, varying in height 
from 3 to 5 or 6 metres. On the slope of this ascent the 
Kuckers stage (C, of F. Schmidt *) crops out. This stage is 
a white or greyish-yellow limestone or marl, with intercalated 
layers of bituminous shale. 


* F, Schmidt, ‘‘On the Silurian and Cambrian Strata of the Baltic 
Provinces ete.,” Quart. Journ. Geol, Soc. xxxviii. p. 514 (1882). 


328 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa 


In a quarry on the top of the ascent in the village Turpsalu 
is the following section :— 


Ground moraine and soil. 


60 in.—Greyish limestone, marly in the lower part. 
8 in.—Bituminous shale. 

12 in.—Marly limestone. 

16 in.—Bituminous shale. 


20 in.—Compact greyish limestone, marly in the upper part. 


The lowest limestone, of which only the upper 20 inches 
are here observed, contains abundant remains of different 
species of Orthoceratites, Brachiopoda, Cystoidea—among 
these Echinospherites aurantium, Gyll.,—and other fossils. 
The upper part of this limestone has thin interlayers of 
yellow-brown shale. 

On this limestone rests a shale layer, 16 in. thick, of 
a rusty-brown or amber colour ; the shale bas absorbed a 
_ certain amount of underground water, is soft, and can be 
ground with the fingers. After drying the shale is lighter 
in colour, with different shades of light or dark brown, 
walnut, or amber—the lighter portions being those which 
contain more calcareous remains of organisms. The hardness 
of the shale depends on the amount of lime or clay-marl ; 
the hardness of the lime-shale may be 1°5-2, whilst the clay- 
shale is very soft (1). The dry shale can be split into irre- 
gular slates with conchoidal fracture. 

According to Paltshinski (“ Denj,” viii. 1917), the bitumi- 
nous shale occurred from Zamburg (Russia) to Reval 
(sthonia)—200 km.—over an area 50 km. wide. ‘he 
total quantity of the bituminous shale may be 40 to 90 
milliards of tons. 

Then follows a thin bed (12 in.) of greyish or light yellow 
marly limestone ; this limestone is interbedded with thin 
layers of shale from a quarter to three-quarters of an 
inch thick. 

On this limestone again rests a bed of shale (8 in.), like 
that already described. 

Finally, above this shale bed is a greyish limestone (60 in.) ; 
its lower part is marly or softer, with thin interlayers of 
shale ; towards the top it is more compact and greyish white. 

The surface of this limestone and the slopes of the terrace 
are covered with a ground-moraine—boulder clay, or gravel 
and sand,—varying in thickness from 2 or 3 in. to 80 in. and 
more. The lower part of this ground-moraine is the “ rtihk,” 
composed of limestone boulders. 


from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. 329 


The whole thickness of the Kuckers stage, which may 
vary from 30 to 50 feet, is not seen in the beds of the quarry 
described above. 

Below the terrace bituminous shale is found under peat 
for a distance of 1 km. northwards, ‘The shale was to be 
used in the summer 1917 for fuel in some factories in 
Esthonia and Petrograd. In Kukruse and ‘Tiirpsalu-it was 
worked from quarries and adits under the terrace-like ascent. 

The marly bed and the limestone of the Kuckers stage 
contain very fine crystals of mareasite, galena, groups of 
calcite crystals, and copper glance. 

The fauna of the Kuckers stage is very abundant: though 
closely related to the Hchinospheerite limestone (C,), the 
development of species and individuals is greater. In great 
abundance are brachiopods, gasteropods, crinoids, cystideans, 
orthoceratites, ostracods, and fragmentary remains of trilobites. 
The characteristic fossil Phacops (Chasmops) ordini can often 
be found in excellent preservation, as can also other fossils. 
The various bryozoa exist in great abundance. Very. often 
the shale-beds are crowded with bifoliate and other fine 
bryozoa, whose white calcareous skeletons compose 30 to 40 
per cent. of the shale in some parts. 


New Bryozoa OF THE KUCKERS STAGE. 


Pacuypicrya, Ulrich. 
FE. O. Ulrich, 1882, Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 152. 
E. O. Ulrich, 1890, “ Paleozoic Bryozoa,” Geol. Sury. Illinois, vol. viii. 
part 2. 
R. S. Bassler, 1911, “ Early Paleoz. Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces,” 
Bull. U.S. National Mus. Ixxvii. p. 187. 


Pachydictya kuckersensis, sp. un. (Pl. VII. figs. 1-6.) 


Div gnosis. Zoarium bifoliate, frequently branching. The 
zocecial apertures circular, arranged in transverse, often 
sinuous rows. 

Locality and Horizon. Kukruse (Kuckers) and Tiirpsalu, 
Esthonia. Middle Ordovician, stage O, of Prof. F. Schmidt. 

Material. Holotype in my collection in the Geological 
Museum of the University of Tartu (Dorpat). Paratypes, two 
specimens of my collection in the British Museum, Geological 
Dept., Regd. D. 29836-7. 

Description. Zoavium dichotomously branching ;__ the 
branches may be situated close to (L mm.) or at any distance 
(21 mm. or more) from each other (figs. 1, 2, 3). The 


% 


330 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa 


branches on my fragment are 2 mm. broad near the stem and 
gradually get broader ; their normal width is 3 mm.; the 
goarium is 1-1°5 mm. thick and elliptical in transverse 
section. 

Zocecia are situated on both sides of the zoarium, but not 
on its margins. On the surface the shape of the zoccia is 
circular, sometimes one end of the aperture is slightly 
narrower ; the zocecial apertures have a distinct peristome. 
Transverse to the axis of the zoarium, within 2 mm. are 5 
zowcia. The transverse rows of zocecia, often sinuous, vary 
in number from 4 to 6 within 2 mm. according to the size of 
the interspaces. On the face of a zoarium 3 mm, wide ina 
transverse row are 7-9 zocecia. The surface of the zoarium 
between the zocecial apertures and on the margins is covered 
with numerous minute granules (fig. 4.) 

A tangential section (fig. 5) shows in the greyish calcite 
mass lighter, hexagonally shaped figures, with circular or 
oval transverse sections of zocecial tubes, a little smaller than 
the zocecial apertures on the surface of the zoarium, 

A transverse section (fig. 6) shows the zocecial tubes with 
ihin, light-coloured, narrow walls; in the tubes are some 
diaphragms ; the tubes are a little larger on the surface than 
in the interior of the zoarium. In the middle of the same 
section are two layers of median tubuli, as seen in transverse 
section. 

Comparison with other Species of Pachydictya in Esthonia *. 
— P. elegans always has elliptical zooscial apertures, with less 
distinct peristome ; between the longitudinal zocecial rows 
are distinct ridges, and the ends of the elliptieal apertures are 
also joined by ridges. P. flabellum differs from P. elegans 
and P. kuckersensis by its oviform zocecial apertures, and 
from the latter by its ridges on the surface of the zoarium. 
P. cyclostomoides differs from all other species of Pachydietya 
in its large zocecial apertures and in its granular ridges 
between the zocecial rows. PP. crassa differs strikingly from 
P. kuckersensis in the distinct straight ridges between the 
zocecial rows and in the shape of its zocecial apertures, 


Pachydictya crassa, Hall. (Pl. VII. figs. 7, 8.) 


Stictopora crassa Hall, 1852, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. ii. p. 45, 
pl. xviii. figs. 4 a—c. 

Pachydictya crassa, Hall, Bassler, 1906, “ Bryozoan Fauna of the 
Rochester Shale,” Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. cexcii. p. 57, pl. xviii. 
fies. 11, 12, pl. xxi. figs. 14-16. 


* See R. S. Bassler, 1911, “arly Paleoz. Bryozoa of the Baltic 
Provinces,” Bull, U.S. National Mus. lxxvii. 


from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. 331 


Diagnosis. Zoarium dichotomously branching with parallel 
edges ; branches in cross-section elliptical, with narrow, 
non-celluliferous, striated margins. Zocecial apertures ellip- 
tical, in parallel longitudinal rows, separated by linear ridges, 
without granules. 

Locality and Horizon. Kukruse, Esthonia. Middle Ordo- 
vician, stage C,; in the bituminous shale. 

Material. Figured specimen (fig. 8) in the British Museum, 
Geological Dept., Regd. D. 29832. Specimens in my 
collection in the Geological Museum of the University 
of Tartu (Dorpat). 

Description. The fragmentary zoaria of my specimens 
possess zocecia on both sides, branching dichotomously. The 
branches are 2-2°5 mm. wide. The length of the figured 
zoarlal fragment (fig. 7) is 22 mm. 

The zocecial apertures are elliptical, a very few are slightly 
pointed. The apertures have a thin-walled peristome. Longi- 
tudinally to the axis of the zoarium, within 2 mm. are 3°5-4 
apertures. ‘The zoeecia are in longitudinal parallel rows ; 
they are separated from each other by spaces equal to the 
half of their longer diameter. On each side of the zoarium 
are 7 or 8 rows of zcecia (fig. 8). The zocecial rows are 
separated from each other by fine linear ridges. The zoarium 
is elliptical in cross-section, with sharpened striated margins. 

My specimens are in all respects very similar to the 
American specimens of P. crassa figured by Bassler (Joe. cit.). 


Nematopora, Ulrich. 


Ulrich, 1888, Amer. Geol. vol. i. p. 234. 

Ulrich, 1890, “ Paleozoic Bryozoa,” Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. viii, 
pt. 2, pp. 401, 644. 

8. Bassler, 1911, “Early Paleoz. Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces,” 
Bull. U.S. National Mus. Ixxyii. p. 155. 


O. 
O. 


E. 
E. 
R 


Nematopora boyoljubovi, sp.n. (PI. VII. figs. 9, 10.) 


JINagnosis. Zocecia surround the cylindrical zoarium in 
more or less parallel rows. Between the rows of the 
elliptical zocecial apertures are fine canaliculate longitudinal 
ridges ; these are divided by little transverse ridges into 
squares, 

Locality and [lorizon. Kukruse, Esthonia. Middle Ordo- 
vician, stage Cy; rare in the bituminous shale. 

Material. Holotype in British Museum, Geological Dept., 
Regd. D. 25833. Paratype in my collection in the Geological 
Museum of the University of Tartu (Dorpat). 


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333 


from the Kuckers Stage in Esthonia. 


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xX X 


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‘VIVNOLSOdAUY, pte) 


“'* ppanyouy “epylg Bail.oropnes,T 


334 Mr. H. Bekker on new Bryozoa 


Description. Fragment of the zoarium (fig. 9) is 8 mm. 
long, the diameter of the cylindrical zoarium is 15 mm. 
‘The zocecial apertures are elliptical, with rather sharpened 
ends; the rows of the zocecial apertures run more or less 
parallel to each other, around the zoarium. In all there are 
12 zoccial rows. Longitudinally, within 2 mm, are 4 zoecial 
apertures; the apertures are 0°2 mm. wide. The zocecial 
apertures are separated from each other by spaces equal to, 
or a little less than, their longer diameter. The apertures 
have a distinct peristome. The surface of the zoarium is 
sculptured ; the sharpened ends of the zocecial apertures are 
connected by two fine ridges; from these some transverse 
ridges may go to the longitudinal ridges (tig. 10). These 
longitudinal ridges run parallel between the rows of the 
zocecial apertures ; they are grooved above or canaliculate. 
This fine groove is divided by numerous fine transverse ridges 
into little squares ; little apertures sometimes occur on the 
bottoms of these squares. 

Comparison with other Species in Esthonia.—l. bogoljubovi 
has more numerous rows of zoecia (18,12), whilst VV. consueta 
has only 4 rows, WV. ovalis 4 or 5, N. fragilis 6, N. lineata 
6 (or less). In addition the structure of the surface is more 
complicated in this species. 

The trivial name is in honour of my first teacher of geo- 
logy in Tartu (Jurjev), Professor N. Bogoljubov. 

On the table (pp. 332 & 333) are marked with asterisks the 
species of bryozoa recorded by Bassler (1911, “ Early Paleoz. 
Bryoz. Baltic Prov.”) from the Kuckers stage, and the stages 
above or below this stage. From the Kuckers shale and 
limestone near Jewe and Kuckers, the district in which I 
collected, Bassler quotes 37 species (from the Kuckers stage, 
from Jewe to Reval, Bassler quotes 46 species). Of these 
37 species, I have found 18 in my collection. 

In the columns, with the exception of the third and two 
last, are species which Bassler described among others from 
the Glauconite, Echinospherite, and Jewe limestones, the 
Wassalem bed, and the Wesenberg, Lyckholm, and Bork- 
holm limestones. I have found these species—16—in the 
Kuckers shale and marl or limestone in the quarries of the 
villages Kukruse and Tiirpsalu. 

In the last column are marked with (x) all the species, 
with two new spp. and one American, which I found in the 
Kuckers shale and marl or marly limestone. 

The bryozoan fauna in the Kuckers stage is very rich. In 
a very limited locality (3 to 5 km.) I have found 87 species. 


from the Kuekers Stage in Esthonia. 335 


With the other species named by Bassler for this stage, this 
makes a total of 56 species. 

In the British Museum, Geological Dept., there are of the 
species of my collection which I found in the Kuckers stage, 
named on the table (pp. 332 & 333), the following :—Proto- 
ertsina exigua, Ulrich, Regd. D. 29830; Pachydictya bifur- 
cata, Hall, Regd. D. 29838 ; Chasmatopora tenella, Kichwald, 
Regd. D.29831; Batostoma winchelli, Ulrich, Regd. D. 29834; 
Batustoma fertile circulare, Ulrich, Regd. D. 29835. The 
other species that I found in the Kuckers shale and marl, 
named on the table, are in my collection in the Geological 
Museum of the University of Tartu. 

The mode of occurrence of the various species is remark- 
able. In some places the fine delicate white skeletons of 
diverse bryozoa are in great abundance ; locally they are 
absent from the shale. In the bituminous or oil shale the 
following abound :—Chasmatopora furcata, Pseudohornea 
bifida, Protocrisina exigua, Pachydictya elegans, P. cyclosto- 
moides, P. kuckersensis, Graptodictya bonnemat. There is 
an abundance of Trepostomata in the shale and still more in 
the marl or limestone, e.g.: Diplotrypa petropolitana, 
Inanulites petropolitana, Hallopora dybouskyi, and various 
species of Batostoma and Hemiphragma. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. 
Pachydictya kuckersensis, sp. n. 


Figs. 1-3. Outlines of zoarial fragments, nat. size. 
Fig. 4. Portion of zoarial surface, x 12 diam. 
Fig. 5, Tangential section of zoarium, X 12 diam. 
Fig. 6, Transverse section of zoarium, X 12 diam. 


Pachydictya crassa, Hall. 


Fig. 7, Outline of zoarial fragment, Brit. Mus., Geol. Dept., D. 29832 ; 
nat. size. 
Fig. 8. Portion of zoarial surface of the same specimen, x 7 diam. 


Nematopora bogoljubovi, sp. n. 


Fig. 9. Zoarial fragment ; holotype; Brit. Mus., Geol. Dept., D. 29833 ; 
nat. size. 
Fig. 10. Portion of zoarial surface of the holotype, x 13 diam, 


336 Prof. E.-L. Trouessart on 


XXXIII.—Diagnose de Genres nouveaux de Sarcoptides 
plumicoles (Analgesine). Par E.-L. Trougssart, Pro- 
fesseur au Muséum National de Paris. 


Depuls la “ Révision” des genres de ce groupe que j’ai 
publiée dans le ‘ Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France,’ 
tome xl. 1916, p. 207, de nouvelles recherches m/’ont fait 
connaitre plusieurs types inédits appartenant principalement 
aux révions Orientale et Austrahenne, et dont le plus re- 
marquable est le genre Hemzalges*, riche déja de plus de 30 
especes nouvelles, et qui se distingue autant par sa distri- 
bution géographique que par ses caractéres. D’autres genres, 
anciennement connus, ont besoin d’étre subdivisés et plusieurs 
sont entiérement nouveaux. J’en donne ici les caractéres. 


ANALGES (Nitzsch, 1818), genus restrictum, 1919. 


Male hétéromorphe.—Pattes de la III® paire 4 1° article 
plus étroit que les suivants, retréci & son extrémité distale ; 
les quatre derniers articles soudés et renflés en forme de 
ballon ; la griffe terminale du tarse dépourvue d’ambulacre. 

Type: Analges chelopus (Hermann), sur Passer domesticus, 


d’ Europe. 


ANALGOPSIS, gen. nov. 


Analges (partim), auctorum. 


Male hétéromorphe.—Pattes de la III° paire réguliérement 
fusiformes, sans rétrécissement au 1 article, le 2° étant le 
plus renflé. La griffe terminale portant quelquefois un reste 
de la tige de l’ambulacre, sous forme d’une griffe mince, 
transparente et incolore. 

Remarque.—Dans ces deux genres (Analges et Analgopsis) 
les males homéomorphes (ou complémentaires), 4 pattes. IIT 
plus gréles, different peu, et par conséquent ne peuvent étre 
utilisés pour la distinction des espeéces et du genre, qui doit 
étre basée sur le male hétéromorphe. 

Type: Analges passerinus (L.), sur plusieurs Fringillide 
d’ Europe. 


PLESIALGES, gen. nov. 


Male hétéromorphe-—Trés semblable & Analges par le 
renflement des articles 2 et 3 de la ILI* paire, mais la griffe 


* Wne Monographie de ce genre, avec figures, est en préparation. 


new Genera of Analgesinze. 337, 


terminale ayant conservé la tige de l’ambulacre renflée en 
forme de bouteille dépourvue de col. Abdomen entier et plus 
développé en largeur que chez Analges——Femelle semblable 
a celles d’Analges. 

Type: Plesialges mimus, nov. sp., sur Pomathorinus 
superciliosus, d’ Australie. 


HeMIALGES, Trt., 1888 (subg. ; genus, 1915). 
Bull, Soc. Zool. France, 1915, p. 218. 


Male hétéromorphe.—Généralement trés robuste, 4 trone 
plus ou moins large, les pattes III insérées trés en avant et 
portant des ambulacres plus ou moins courts ou atrophiés. 
Abdomen entier ou trés faiblement échancré.— Femelle sem- 
blable a celles d’ Analges. 

Type: Megninia pappus, sur Manucodia atra de Nouvelle- 
Guinée. 

Remarque.—Ce genre, qui par ses caractéres s’intercale 
entre Analgopsis et Megninia, comprend des espéces de grande 
taille mais dont le polymorphisme des males est souvent trés 
accusé. Sa distribution géographique, trés nette, a son centre 
& la Nouvelle-Guinée, avec quelques espéces aberrantes 
s’étendant jusqu’d la Malaisie et & Madagascar d’une part, 
jusqu’a l Australie Septentrionale de autre, et & la Polynésie 
occidentale. : 


HyYPERALGES, Trt., 1915. 
Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1915, p. 219, 


Male hétéromorphe-—Rappelant Hemialges, mais beaucoup 
plus allongé, avec abdomen échancré et aminci, formant trois 
étages ; les ventouses copulatrices placées sur |’étage inter- 
inédiaire de maniére a constituer avec l’étage antéro-inférieur 
une poche qui recoit abdomen de la femelle pendant l’accou- 
plement. 

Type: Hemialges magnificus, sur Melanorhectes nigrescens 
de Nouvelle-Guinée (c’est le géant des Sarcoptides plumi- 
coles). 

Remarque.—C’est par erreur que cette espéce a d’abord été 
attribuée & Lophorina superba, le premier male, longtemps 
seul connu, ayant été rencontré (accidentellement) sur ce 
Paradisier du méme pays. 


* _ PSOROPTOIDES, gen. nov. 


Male hétéromorphe.—Conformation des pattes rappelant le 
genre psorique Psoroptes, c’est-d-dire le tarse des pattes 
Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv, 25 


338 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on 


antérieures terminé par une griffe, la tige de l’ambulacre 
(rejetée sur le cété) longue et gréle; le tarse des pattes IV 
tronqué comme chez Mesalges.—Femelle a pattes IIL portant 
trois pines autour de la tige de l’ambulacre, et munie d’une 
plaque notogastrique. MNymphes et larves dépourvues d’ambu- 
lacre & cette patte, qui se termine par des épines. 

Type: Megninia psoroptopus sur Dichoceros bicornis de 
Malaisie. 


METANALGES, gen. nov. 


Male & abdomen trés allongé, dépassant de beaucoup les 
pattes III qui ont le tarse court; pattes IV sous-abdominales, 
plus courtes mais aussi grosses 4 leur base que les pattes ILI, 
4 tarse tronqué et échancré. Abdomen fortement échancré, 
bilobé. Manchettes des pattes antérieures peu prononcées.— 
Femelle dépourvue de plaque notogastrique. 

Type: Megninia elongata sur Tricholimnas lafresnayanus 
de Nouvelle-Calédonie. 

Nota.—C’est par suite d’une erreur d’étiquette que cette 
espéce a été mdiquée précédemment comme trouvée sur 
Ocydromus australis. L’espéce était classée dans le genre 
Ocydromus avant la création du g. Tricholimnas, Sharpe, en 
1893. 


XXXIV.—On the Genus Aorus, Schh. ( Coleoptera, Curcu- 
lionide). By Guy A. K. Marsuat, D.Sc. 


SCHONHERR’S genus Aorus appears to have been entirely 
overlooked by recent students of the Curculionids, and this 
has probably been due to the fact that Lacordaire, who 
professed to have been acquainted with the type-species, 
erroneously placed it among the Cossonine, although Schéu- 
herr himself quite rightly pointed out its very close relationship 
to his South-American genus Ama/actus. ‘The genus has 
consequently been redescribed by several authors, as shown 
in the following synonymy :— 


Genus Aorus, Schh. 
Aorus, Schonherr, Gen. Cure, iii, 1886, p. 253.—Type, A. spadiceus, 
Gyl. 
Leptobaris, Gerstaecker, Monats. Berl. Ak. 1855, p. 639 (syn. nov.).— 
Type, A. castaneus, Gerst. 


the Genus Aorus, Schh. ooo 


Lxarcus, Pascoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xix. 1880, p- 372 (syn. 
nov.).—Type, A. hearseyt, Pase. 

Stenodema, Faust, Ent. Nachr. xi. 1885, p. 16.—Type, A. castaneus, 
Gerst. (=ferrugineus, Fst.). 


Gerstaecker assigned the genus to the Baridine, from 
which, however, it must be excluded owing to the structure 
of the mesepimera; whereas Faust placed it in the Erirrhininee, 
and this seems the most satisfactory conclusion. 


Key to the Species of Aorus. 


1 (14). Second joint of front tarsi as broad as or 
broader than long ; prothorax coarsely 
punctate at the sides. 

2 (5). Prothorax coarsely punctate throughout ; 
intervals of elytra each with a single 
row of distinct widely spaced punc- 
tures. 

(4). Punctures on the prothorax much broader 
than the interspaces between them; 
punctures in the striz of the elytra 
subquadrate and as broad as or 
broader than the intervals.......... spadiceus, Gyl. 

4 (5). Punctures on the prothorax narrower 
than the interspaces; punctures on 
the elytra round and narrower than 
thesintervals 23 6.23 ..4 < coe -cees. castaneus, Gerst. 

5 (2). Prothorax finely punctate on the disk 
and much more coarsely so at the sides 
and base ; intervals of elytra impunc- 
tate or with minute irregular punc- 
tures. 

6 (13). Prothorax not or but very slightly 
broader than long; length 7-10 mm. 

7 (10). Form more elongate, the elytra nearly 
three times as long as the prothorax ; 
second joint of funicle longer, the 
third as long as broad; colour red- 
brown. (Asiatic species.) 

8 (9). Anterior tibiz with a very strong an- 
gular process internally in the middle, 
bearing a.tooth that is directed ob- 
liquely forwards; the width of the 
tibia to the tip of this tooth as great 
as at the apex including the uncus; 
the basal external angles of the ely tra 
BCHLE as ene sence. . hearseyi, Pase, 


co 


EQUMUBUMY aeelaeer. eS <a os Bate Src ferrugineus, Boh. 
10 (7). Form stouter, the elytra only a little 
25* 


340 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on 


more than twice as long as the pro- 

thorax ; second joint of funicle shorter, 

the third transverse; colour piceous 

black. (African species.) 
11 (12). Forehead as broad as the base of the 

rostrum; prothorax broadest at the 

middle; elytra with distinct stric 

coitaining closely-set punctures; tibiee 

armed internally with stout teeth and 

with a long external apical spine.... anthracinus, Brancs. 
12 (11). Forehead much narrower than the base 

of the rostrum; prothorax broadest 

well before the middle; elytra hardly 

striate on the disk, with rows of large 

rounded fovez separated by spaces as 

long as the foves themselves; tibiz 

merely serrate internally and with a 

very short external apical spine .... cancellatus, sp. n. 
13 (6). Prothorax distinctly broader than long ; 

length ‘bso tye vct. gots ses Seite picea, Fst. 
14 (1). Second joint of front tarsi nearly twice 

as long as broad; prothorax very 

finely punctate at the sides, more 

strongly so on the disk ; colour reddish 

DEOWA eis cael. Weal Fees Uap renee tenuipes, sp. 0. 


1. Aorus spadiceus, Gyl. 


Aorus spadiceus, Gyllenhal, Schénh. Gen. Cure. iii. 1886, p. 254. 
Leptobaris gerstaeckert, Faust, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1894, p. 148 (syn. noy.). 


SENEGAL, Srerra Leone. N. Nigeria: Baro (Dr.J. J. 
Simpson). ABYSSINIA. 


2. Aorus castaneus, Gerst. 


Leptobaris castanea, Gerstaecker, Monatsh. Berl. Ak. 1855, p. 639 ; id., 
Peters’s Reise Mozamb. ii. 1862, p. 315, pl. xviii. fig. 14; Faust, 
Stett. ent. Zeit. 1894, pp. 149 & 360. 

Stenodema ferruginea, Faust, Ent. Nachy. xi. 1885, p. 17. 

Leptobaris brunnea, Brancsik, Soc. Hist. Nat. Trenesén, xix.-xx. 1897 
(1898), p. 124, pl. iv. fig. 16 (syn. nov.). 


N. RuopestaA: Boroma (Rev. H. P. Menyharth). Nyasa- 
LAND (Thelwall) ; S.W. shore of L. Nyasa, 11.-111. 1910, and 
Ruo Valley, ii. 1910 (S. A. Neave) ; Fort Herald, on grass, 
v.-vi. 1913 (Dr. J. H. S. Old). PortuguEse HB. AFrica: 
Mozambique ( Peters, type). 


3. Aorus hearseyi, Pase. 


Fearcus hearseyi, Pascoe, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xix. 1880, p. 372. 
Exarcus pascoei, Faust, Deut. ent. Zeits. 1898, p. 286 (syn. noy.). 


the Genus Aorus, Schh. 341 


BurMA: Rangoon (type) ; Tharrawaddy (G. C. Corbett). 

Faust was not acquainted with Pascoe’s species, and his 
description of JZ, pascoe? agrees in all particulars with Pascoe’s 
type. As, moreover, the localities from which the two unique 
types came are only 50 miles apart, there seems to be little 
reason for doubting that they belong to a single species. 


4, Aorus ferrugineus, Boh. 


Aorus ferrugineus, Boheman, Schénh. Gen, Cure. viii. pt. 2, 1845, 
p-. 444 


JAVA (type). Inpo-Cuina;: Cho-ganh, Tonkin (LZ. Du- 
port) ; Kampong Kedey, Cambodia, iv. 1914 (R. Vitalis de 
Sulvaza). 

I am indebted to M, EK. Fleutiaux for three specimens from 
Tonkin, which I attribute to this species. I have not seen 
the type, which is in Copenhagen, but the Indo-Chinese 
examples accord so well with Boheman’s description that I 
can have little doubt as to the correctness of the identification. 
M. Fleutiaux informs me that in Tonkin this species is very 
common in the month of May on the ears of rice. 


5. Aorus anthracinus, Branes. 


Leptobaris anthracina, Brancsik, Soc. Hist. Nat. Trencsén, xix.—xx. 
1897 (1898), p. 124, pl. iv. fig. 17. 


N. Ruopesia: Boroma (fev. H. P. Menyharth, type). 
PorTUGUESE EK. AFRICA: Beira, vil. 1903 (P. A. Sheppard). 
Uaanpa: Kampala, x.-xi. 1917 (C. C. Gowdey). SENEGAL. 


6. Aorus cancellatus, sp. n. e 


3. Colour shining piceous black, without any trace of 
scaling or sete; the legs and antenne piceous. 

Head with small sparse shallow punctures, the vertex 
transversely aciculate, the forehead much narrower than the 
base of the rostrum and with a deep round central fovea, 
Rostrum stout, as long as the prothorax, slightly curved at 
the insertion of the antennee, subcylindrical from the base to 
beyond the middle, thence distinctly dilated to the apex, 
distinctly and evenly but not very closely punctate throughout, 
the punctures at the sides being larger than those above; the 
antenne inserted at about one-fourth from the apex. Pro- 
thorax a little broader than long, strongly rounded at the 
sides, broadest well before the middle, the base truncate, the 
apical constriction well marked, and a shallow transverse 


342 On the Genus Aorus, Schh. 


impression close to the basal margins the upper surface 
rather flattened and with fine sparse punctures on the disk, 
those in the basal impression and at the sides very coarse, 
being much broader than the spaces between them. Llytra 
subcylindrical, rather broader than the widest part of the 
prothorax, the basal margin gently sinuate, its external angles 
rounded, and the sides shallowly constricted before the apex 5 
the disk scarcely striate, but with rows of fovez separated 
longitudinally by spaces about as long as the fovez themselves, 
the rows becoming striate externally and behind and with the 
punctures more closely placed; the intervals with sparse 
minute irregular punctures, plane and as broad as the fovee 
on the disk, but becoming slightly costate towards the sides 
and apex, the junction of the second and tenth intervals at 
the apex only slightly elevated. Legs with the femora finely 
and sparsely punctate and not with coarser punctures towards 
the apex ; the tibia not armed internally with the usual long 
teeth, but with short serrations, the posterior pairs being 
scarcely sinuate internally, and the apical external tooth very 


short on all the tibie; the second joint of the front tarsi 
broader than long. 


Length 8 mm., breadth 3 mm. 

ANGOLA: Benguella (Coll. Pascoe). 

Type in the British Museum. 

Superticially resembles A. anthracinus, but differs from all 
the species known to me in its coarsely punctate elytra and 
in having the forehead narrower than the base of the rostrum. 


7. Aorus tenuipes, sp. n. 


g. Colour light reddish brown, shiny, with the apex of 
the prothorax and the tips of the femora darker; the body 
entirely devoid of scales or sete. 

Head very sparsely punctate, the forehead rather broader 
than the base of the rostrum and with a large central fovea. 
Rostrum about as long as the prothorax, stout, rather strongly 
curved, cylindrical and not dilated at the apex ; the punctation 
fine and rather sparse, but coarser at the sides in the basal 
half; the antennee inserted at one-fourth from the apex. 
Prothorax slightly broader than long, strongly rounded at 
the sides, broadest about the middle, sharply narrowed at the 
apex but scarcely constricted, the base truncate and shallowly 
depressed below the level of the disk; the upper surface 
markedly flattened, with small deep punctures on the disk, 
which are narrower than the spaces between them, those at 
the sides much finer and shallower. Z/ytra a little more than 


On Crossophorus collaris, Wemprich § Ehrenberg. 343 


twice as long as broad and two and a half times as long as 
the prothorax, parallel-sided in the basal tliird, then gradually 
narrowed to the apex, before which there is a shallow con- 
striction ; the basal margin gently sinuate, with the external 
angles rounded, the apex truncate; the strize shallow on the 
disk, but deeper behind and on the inflexed margins, and 
containing closely set deep punctures ; the intervals about as 
broad as the striew, slightly convex, and with a few very 
minute punctures, the junction of intervals 2 and 10 at the 
apex distinctly swollen. Legs comparatively long and 
slender ; the femora minutely coriaceous and with very sparse 
fine punctures throughout; the tibiz gently sinuate externally, 
the inner edge deeply bisinuate and armed with strong seti- 
gerous teeth in the apical half, and the external apical spine 
long and distinctly curved; the tarsi unusually long and 
slender, the second joint of the front pair being nearly twice 
as long as broad. . 

Length 7 mm., breadth 2°2 mm. 

PortuGuese KE. Arrica: Beira, vii. 1903 (P. A. Sheppard). 

Type in the British Museum. 

The slender tarsi and very fine lateral punctation of the 
prothorax distinguish this insect from all the other species of 
the genus. 


8. Aorus piceus, Fst. 
Leptobaris picea, Faust, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1894, pp. 148 & 149. 


Srerra LEONE. 

T have not succeeded in identifying this species, which, so 
far as can be judged from Faust’s very brief description, 
must resemble a dwarfed specimen of A. anthracinus, Brancs. 


XXXV.—Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, a 
little-known Nematode Parasite of the Hyrax. By H. A. 
Bayuis, M.A. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


AN opportunity having recently occurred of examining 
specimens of this very curious and highly specialized Ascarid 
from the hyrax (Procavia sp.), it seems desirable to describe 
the species in somewhat fuller detail than has hitherto been 
done. The existing descriptions (Hemprich and Ihrenberg, 


344 Mr. H. A. Baylis on 


1828; Schneider, 1866; Hall, 1916) are not only incom- 
plete, but in some respects incorrect. The only recent 
account—that of Hall—is not based on a re-examination of 
the animal, but embodies, in an English version, the original 


. Ati Yj Z 32\ 
a ne 
aN GOS F. 


PLM 
SIRT uD VOU pip 


e 
wena) 


(oe ee 
3) 0-3 mm. 


Crossophorus collaris. Dorsal view of the anterior end. 


C., “combs” of teeth representing the dentigerous ridge on the lip; 
Ch., Ch.', different portions of the chitinous apparatus of the 
“oizzard”; D., dorsal lip; F., fimbrie ; M.Oces., muscular wall of 
cesophacus ; P., paired papilla of dorsal lip; Z'., base of dorsal tooth 
of the “gizzard”; V., ventro-lateral lip. 


Latin characterization of Hemprich and Ehrenberg and the 
German description of Schneider, The only figures existing 
appear to be those of Schneider (1866, text-fig., p. 40, and 
pl. i. figs. 1 & 2). Copies of these are reproduced by Hall. 


Crossophorus collavis, Hemprich & Ehrenberg. 345 


Crossophorus * collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828. 
Syn. Ascaris ferox, Schneider, 1866, 


The general dimensions of the worm are:—length, male, 
up to 65 mm., female 55 to 90 mm. Maximum thickness 
1-3 mm. in the male, about 2 mm. in the largest female. 

The head measures 0°44—0°5 mm. across at the widest part 
of the lips. The latter (fig. 1, ., V.) are large, semicircular 
in general outline, with an indentation in the anterior margin, 
and with projecting posterior angles. The dorsal lip (fig. 1, D.) 
has two fairly conspicuous bilaterally symmetrical papillee 
(fig. 1, P.). Hach ventro-lateral lip has also two papille, 
but these are arranged asymmetrically with regard to each 


-—, ---. 
=- 
. ~~ 


2 
=< = 
~ =< 


a 
of 


soo = 
= 
orn, 
1 ome 
« Wem” 
- 
Wwe we we” 


Crossophorus collaris. Diagrammatic representation of the arrangement 
of the row of fimbrise (dotted line) as it would be seen in a front 
view of the head. 


other, as is indicated in Schneider’s figure (1866, pl. ii. fig. 2), 
2. €., one papilla is situated a little to the ventral side of the 
middle of the outer surface of the lip, while the other occupies 
a more forward position at the tip of the more dorsal of the 
two anterior horns of the “ pulp.’ The latter papilla is very 
small, 
There is a very distinct constriction behind the lips, occupied 
by a “collar” consisting of an apparently double row of 


* Not Crossophorus, Brady, 1880 [Crustacean], Voy. H.M.S. ‘ Chal- 
lenger,’ Zoology, i, 3, Ostracoda, 


546 Mr. H. A. Baylis on 


cuticular fimbrie. The arrangement of these fimbriz is very 
curious. ‘They form, in reality, a single endless chain, 
which doubles on itself at the base of each lip, externally, and 
passes round the base of the lip on to its inner surface. 
Running across the lip, it emerges again at the next inter- 
labial space on to the outer surface, where it forms another 


Fig. 3. 


Crossophorus collaris. Part of the alimentary canal, as displayed by 
dissection. 

C., C., ceca; Int., anterior part of intestine ; Oes., posterior part of 
cesophagus. 


loop before passing on to the next lip. The accompanying 
diagram (fig. 2) may help to make this arrangement clear. 
The fimbriz of the “collar” are of somewhat discoid shape, 
flattened from side to side, and embedded in the cuticle in 
such a way that their thin edges are seen in a view such as is 


Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg. 347 


represented in fig. 1. Their projecting portions are slightly 
bifid. The fimbriz on the inner surfaces of the lips are of 
quite a different shape, being drawn out to a much greater 
length, and branching dichotomously, so that their free ante- 
rior ends form a series of little points or teeth. In addition 
to these, each lip also bears, near the outer edges of its inner 
aspect, seven or eight groups or ‘* combs” of pointed teeth 
(fig. 1, C.), forming an interrupted dentigerous ridge. The 
number of teeth in each group varies from two to seven or 
eight, without any appearance of symmetry. 

“The cuticle of the body is marked by transverse striations 
from 6 w to 7 wm apart. 

The cesophagus (fig. 3, Oes.) is very long and slender, 
measuring 15-20 mm. in length, and ends in a bulbous 
expansion posteriorly. This is merely a muscular enlarge- 
ment of similar structure to the rest of the cesophagus, and 
not a specialized glandular swelling. Immediately behind 
this two very long anteriorly directed czeca (fig. 3, C., C.) 
spring from the intestine. They have slightly swollen ends, 
and in a large specimen measure about 15 mm. in length. 
‘The anterior portion of the cesophagus, extending to a distance 
of 0°5-0°6 nm. from the anterior extremity, is specialized to 
form a gizzard, containing an elaborate chitinous apparatus. 
This consists of a chitinous lining within the muscular wall, 
strengthened by three wing-like processes (fig. 1, Ch.) of 
chitin embedded in the muscles, and produced internally into 
three serrated triangular teeth (fig. 1, 7.) which meet in the 
middle of the lumen. The wing-like processes are continued 
posteriorly as three long narrow strips of chitin (fig. 1, CA.’) 
embedded in the thickness of the muscular wall, and connected 
near their origin by a transverse ring of chitin. The nerve- 
ring crosses the cesophagus at 0°9-1'1 mm. from the anterior 
end, 

In the male the posterior end is curled towards the ventral 
side. ‘lhe tail is very blunt and measures only 0°32 mm. in 
length. There are two equal spicules (fig. 4, S.), and not a 
single spicule as stated in the earlier descriptions. They 
measure 1*5 mm, in a straight line from base to tip, have a 
tubular mid-rib and broad ale, and are of a granular and 
transversely striated appearance. ‘lhere is also an accessory 
piece (fig. 4, A.P.) 0°32 mm. in length. The caudal 
papilla are arranged, behind and for some little distance 
in front of the anus, in two parallel rows on either side. 
There are on either side nine postanal papillee in each row. 
In front of the anus the inner or more ventral row contains a 
continuous series of about forty papuillee at regular intervals ; 


348 Mr. H. A. Baylis on 


the outer row extends only a short distance and contains only 
five papillee. 

In the female the tail is conically pointed and measures 
0-5 mm. in Jength. The vulva is situated in the middle 


0-5 
mm. 


Crossophorus collaris. Posterior end of the male, seen from the right 
side. 
A.P., accessory piece ; S., spicule of right side. The papille of the 
right side only are shown. 


third of the body, dividing the total body-length in the 
proportion of 2:3. The vagina runs forward for about 
8 mm., then doubles back upon itself to a point opposite the 
vulva, where it gives off two uterine branches, which run in 


Crossophorus collaris, Hemprich & Ehrenberg. 349 


opposite directions, one forward, the other backward, The 
coils of the ovaries extend about as far as the middle of 
the cesophagus anteriorly and the beginning of the last third 
of the body posteriorly. 

The eggs are of an elegant oval shape, measuring about 
1504x113. They have a moderately thick smooth shell. 

The material described above formed part of a collection 
of parasites made by Lieut. A. Loveridge during or after the 
recent campaign in German East Africa. Locality, Dodoma. 


Note on the Systematic Position of Crossophorus. 
Although Railliet and Henry (1912) included this genus 


in the subfamily Heterocheilinz, which was intended to 
contain provisionally all Ascarids having cesophageal or 
intestinal ceeca, it does not seem to possess many features in 
common with any of the other forms answering to this 
description. In the possession of a “ gizzard,” with chitinous 
armature, and of an accessory piece in addition to the two 
spicules in the male, it appears to stand quite alone. It 
should, in fact, probably be regarded as an extremely 
specialized offshoot of the Ascarid stock (using the term in a 
wide sense). ‘lhe presence of éwo intestinal czeca does not, 
as it seems to the writer, necessarily imply close relationship 
with those forms in which one such appendage is present, 
but may with equal, if not greater, probability be considered 
in the hght of an independently developed feature. If the 
subfamily Heterocheiline (or family Heteroclhieilide) has any 
claim to be regarded as a natural group, the inclusion in it of 
such a form as this would merely tend to make it appear an 
unnatural one. 

There is, as Hall (1916) points out, considerable doubt as 
to tlle position of the second species, C. tentacu/atus, referred 
to this genus by Hemprich and Ehrenberg. In tle absence 
of an-adequate description of this form, it is at present 
impossible to determine whether it belongs to tlie same or to 
another genus. 


REFERENCES. 


Hatt, M.C. 1916. ‘ Nematode Parasites of Mammals of the Orders 
een Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea.” Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 
. pp. 1-258. 

eu ace F, G., and Exrenserea, C.G. 1828. “Symbol physice 

; seu icones ete.” Pars Zoologica [unp.]. Berlin. 

RatrLuret, A., and Hrnry, A. 1912. “ Quelques Nématodes parasites 
des Reptiles.” Bull. Soc. Path. Exot. v. 4, pp. 251-259. 

ScHNEIDER, A. 1866. ‘Monographie der Nematoden.’ Berlin. 


350 Mr. O. Thomas on the Types of the 


XXXVI—The Types of the Mammals described by 
M. Fernand Lataste. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 


By a most liberal-minded act of generosity M. Fernand 
Lataste, whose papers on Algerian and other mammals have 
made his name well known to all workers on the subject, has 
recently presented the whole of his fine collection of mammals 
and reptiles to the British Museum—a most valuable and 
highly appreciated accession. 

In the collection there are the original specimens of practi- 
cally all the species described by Lataste ; but it was not the 
habit of workers at the date he wrote to particularize their 
type-specimens, and many—in fact, the majority—of the 
species are represented by numerous examples, often from 
different localities, and sometimes by individuals which have 
been kept alive in Paris and bred there; so that their 
descendants have in some cases been distributed as representing 
the species described. 

Under these circumstances, both for the clearing up of any 
questions that might arise as to types and to facilitate the 
incorporation of the more important wild-killed individuals in 
the Museum collection, I have thought it wise to give a list 
of the species described by Lataste, to give the catalogue and 
register numbers of the types when these are single, and, 
when they are multiple, formally to nominate lectotypes for 
each species from the original series. 

The collection being accompanied by an admirable and 
complete numbered catalogue, we have accepted the numbers 
of that catalogue as the Museum register numbers, the usual 
year, month, and day numbers 19. 7. 7. being placed in front 
of them. Thus, Lataste’s no, 1234 now becomes. B.M. 
no. 19. 7. 7. 1234. Reference to tle catalogue is thereby 
facilitated, while the additional labelling required is reduced 
to a minimum. 


Vesperugo (Vesperus) tnnesi, Lat. (now Eptesicus innesi). 
Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) iv. p. 625 (1887). Hab. Cairo. 


Based on two specimens, ¢ and 9, in spirit. 
Lectotype. Female, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 83528. Lectopara- 
type, the male, now in the Genoa Museum. 


eS) 
Cr 
— 


Mammals described by M. Fernand Lataste. 


Molossus fluminensis, Lat. 
Ann. Mus. Genoy. (2) x, p. 658 (1891). Hab. Rio Janeiro. 
Type. Adult female skull. B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 324. 
M. Lataste no doubt received this skull by exchange or 


gift from the Santiago Museum, where the spirit-specimen 
may still be preserved. 


Lutra angustifrons, Lat. 
Faun. Barb. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxxix. p. 237 (1885). Had. Bone, 
N. Algeria. 


Type. Adult, apparently female. Skull only. B.M. no. 
OTe Us 2001. 


Bifa lerotina, Lat. (now Eliomys lerotinus). 
Le Nat. iii. p. 61 (1885). Hab. Ghardaia, Mzab, Algerian Sahara. 
Lectotype. Adult. Female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 2884, 


and its skull, 19.7. 7. 2883. Lectoparatype, immature 
female, 19. 7. 7. 2888. 


Gerbillus hirtipes, Lat. 
Le Nat. ii. p. 21 (1882). Hab. Bamendile, Ouargla. 


Lectotype. Adult female skin, 19. 7. 7. 1594, and its skull, 
19.7. 7. 1595. Ten specimens originally obtained. 


Gerbillus garamantis, Lat. (now Dipodillus garamantis). 
Le Nat. i. p, 507 (1881). Hab. Sidi-Roueld, Ouargla, 


Type. Old female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 1596, and its 
alms BO Fat. O94; 


Gerbillus simont, Lat. (now Dipodillus stmont). 


Le Nat. i. p. 497 (1881). Hud. Oued-Magra, N. of Hodna, High 
Plateau of Algeria, 


Lectotype. Adult female. Skin, 19. 7. 7. 2347, and skull, 
19. 7. 7. 2426. ‘l'wenty-five specimens originally obtained. 


Pachyuromys duprasi, Lat. 
Le Nat, i. p. 813 (1880), Hab. Laghouat, Algerian Sahara, 


Lectotype. Old female skin, no. 19. 7. 7. 2348, and its 
skull, much deteriorated by captivity, no. 19. 7. 7. 2426 bis. 


352 Mr. O. Thomas on the Types of the 


This would appear to be one of the original specimens 
sent alive to Paris, and was mentioned as living there when 
the animal was described. 

The single specimen referred to by Lataste in his ‘ Mammals 
of Barbary’ as undamaged by rickets is no. 19. 7. 7. 2272, 
from Bou-Saada. ‘The species remains one of the rarest of 
Algerian mammals. 


Psammomys roudaire?, Lat. 
Le Nat. i. p. 492 (1881). Hab. “ Chotts,” Plateau of Tunisia. 
Lectotype. Female skin, no, 19. 7. 7. 1672, and its skull, 
19:0. 0. Moto. 
Meriones trouessarti, Lat. 
Le Nat. ii. p. 69 (1882). Had. Bou-Saada, Algeria. 


Lectotype. Adult male skin no. 19. 7. 7. 2902, and its 
skull, 1%, 7.7. L966. 


Meriones ausiensis, Lat. 
Le Nat. ii. p. 77 (1882). Hab, Oued-Akarit, Aumale, High Plateau 
of Algeria. 
Lectotype. Adult female skin, 19. 7. 7. 2993, and its skull, 
LO ell oO te 
Meriones getulus, Lat. 
Le Nat. ii. p. 83 (1882). Had. Tilremt, near Laghouat. ° 
Lectotype. Adult female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 1561, and 
its skull, no. 19. 7. 7. 1560. 


Meriones longifrons, Lat. 
P. Z. 8S. 1884, p. 88. Hab. Jedda, Arabia. 


Lectotype. Male skeleton, B.M. no, 19. 7. 7. 2246. 


Meriones albipes, Lat. 
Le Nat. ii. p. 101 (1882). Had. Msila, High Plateau. 


Lectotype. Female adult skin, 19. 7. 7.1570, and_ its 
skeleton, 19. 7. 7. 1571. 

A co-type of M. allipes, the separate skull mentioned in 
the original description, had already been presented to the 
British Museum (no, 82. 7. 29. 10)—this now becoming a 
lectoparatype. 


Mammals described by M. Fernand Lataste. 353 


Meriones shawi longiceps, Lat. 
Mamm. Barb. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxix. p. 269 (1885). Hab. Tunis. 
Lectotype. Old male, skull only, 19. 7. 7, 1941. 


The figured skull (P. Z. S. 1884, p. 94, fig. 2) is that of a 
specimen of mixed parentage, no. 19. 7, 7. 2294. 


Meriones shawit crassibulla, Lat. 
Mamm. Barb. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxix. p. 269 (1885). Had. Te- 
bessa and other localities, Algeria. 


Lectotype. Adult female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7, 2982, and 
its skull, no. 19. 7. 7. 2981. From ‘Tebessa. 


Mus spretus, Lat. 
Act. Linn. Soc. Bord. xxxvii. p. 27 (1833). Hab. Oued-Magra, High 
Plateau of Algeria. 
Type. Adult female skin, 19. 7. 7. 1861, and its skeleton, ~ 
SS ee a is al : 


Pitymys planiceps, Miller. 
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 203 (1908). Had. Baréges, Hautes 
Pyrénées, France. 
Type. Adult, skull only, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 2190. 
M. Lataste appears to have received this skull from Baron 
de Sclys-Longchamps. 


Dipus darricarreret, Lat. (now Jaculus). 
Ann. Mus, Genoy. xviii. p. 661 (1883). Hab. Bou-Saada, Algeria. 


Lectotype. Adult female skin, B.M. no. 19. 7. 7. 2077, and 
its skull, 19. 7. 7. 2078. 
(Probably reterable to Jaculus jaculus desertt, Loche.) 


Ctenodactylus mzabi, Lat. (now Massoutiera mzabi). 
Bull. Soe, Zool. vi. p. 214 (1881). Hab. Ghardaia, Mzab. 


Lectotype. Male skeleton, without skin, B.M. no. 
19.7. 7.1811. The skull figured in the original paper. 
The other co-type (now lectoparatype), female, was given to 
the Paris Museum. 

A metatype, skin and skull, is in the collection, B.M. no. 
Oe Tha Boake 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv.- 26 


354. On Mammals described by M. Fernand Lataste. 


Massoutiera (Felovia) ve, Lat. (now Felovia ve). 
Le Nat. iil. p. 287 (1886). Had. Felou, Senegal. 


Lectotype. Adult female skin, B.M.no. 19. 7. 7. 3233, and 
its skull; 19; 72%. B22; 

The collection contains five other skulls and a spirit- 
specimen of this most striking animal, which was both 
collected and described by M. Lataste. 


Procavia latastet, Thos. 
P. Z.S. 1892, p. 69. Hab. Felou, Senegal. 


Lectotype. Male skull, B.M. no. 7. 2.8.6. Formerly 
Lataste no. 2684. 

Sent by M. Lataste to the Museo Civico, Genoa, and after- 
wards presented by the latter to the British Museum. Intro- 
duced here to complete the list of typical specimens formerly 

-in the possession of M. Lataste. The distinction from 
P. bocaget rested wholly on the skull, which would therefore 
naturally be selected as the lectotype. 


The other forms described by M. Lataste (Meriones shawt 
laticeps, Gerbillus (Dipodillus) botte, and G. (D.) quadri- 
maculatus) were all based on specimens in the Paris Museum. 

In conclusion, I should like to emphasize the generosity 
and scientific spirit M. Lataste has shown in presenting this 
valuable collection to the British Museum, where it will be 
so much appreciated. I have above only spoken of the 
typical specimens, but the collection, irrespective of them, 1s 
a most important accession to the Museum, containing many 
hundreds of specimens from Algeria, considerable numbers 
from Senegal, and an especially fine series of Huropean small 
mammals—both skins, skulls, and spirit-specimens—in- 
cluding many special rarities. 

And, in addition, there are good skulls of many middle- 
sized animals from the regions mentioned and elsewhere, such 
as jackals, foxes, otters, porcupines, and others, all such being ~ 
very difficult to obtain, and therefore proportionally welcome 
as a contribution to our scientific collections. 

In all, this is one of the most important additions that the 
mammal collection of the British Museum has ever received, 


Descriptions and Records of Bees. 399 


XXXVIT.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXXXVII. 
By T. D. A. Cocxerett, University of Colorado. 


Bombus prshewalsku, Morawitz. 


Males from Gulmarg, Kashmir, 8500 ft., Sept. 17 (Duté). 
I have compared them with a worker from China (North 
Ganj-su), received from Skorikov, and am satisfied that 
they belong to the same species. B. tetrachromus, CklIL., 
from Baltistan, has the same remarkable colours (the 
abdominal bands white, yellow, red, and then white again, 
the yellow a bright canary-colour), but the malar space is 
shorter. 

Friese (1918) records B. prshewalskii (using the spelling 
przewalsku) from Sikkim, Tibet, and Assam. 


Dianthidium meliponiforme, sp. u. 


? .—Length about 9 mm. 

Black, robust, with the following parts chestnut-red : 
clypeus, mandibles (except cutting-edge), broad band along 
each inner orbit, elongate mark below middle oceilus, obscure 
band on cheeks, antenneze (flagellum dusky above), lateral 
margins and lateral thirds of anterior margin of mesothorax, 
tubercles and much of prothorax, axille, very broad apical 
band on scutellum, tegule, anterior tibiz in front, and 
lower side of anterior femora; the abdomen has the hind 
portions of the first five segments broadly and suffusedly 
dark coppery reddish, but is without any distinct markings. 
Clypeus finely punctured; front densely and coarsely 
punctured ; mesothorax very coarsely and densely punctured, 
except in the vicinity of the depressed middle line or sulcus, 
where the punctures are sparse, exposing the dullish surface ; 
scutellum extending backward with a sharp edge, strongly 
emarginate in middle ; metathorax rugulose and glistening ; 
hair of head and thorax scanty, black. Wings suffused 
with reddish orange except apically ; stigma (which is large) 
and nervures bright ferruginous ; b. n. meeting t.-m.; second 
r.n. going far beyond end of second s.m. Legs with black 
hair, very abundant on hind tibiz and tarsi; spurs black; 
first two abdominal segments shining and finely punctured, 
the others less distinctly punctured, the sixth black, rather 
sparsely puncturd, and concave in lateral profile ; sides of 
third and fourth abdominal segments with biack hair, but 
fifth and anterior half of sixth with conspicuous pure white 


356 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and 


hair on extreme lateral margins ; ventral scopa dark reddish 
brown. 

Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9965). 

A very remarkable insect, nearest perhaps to the Indian 
D. lachrymosum (Smith). It looks like a Melipona. 


Dianthidium cressonii, Dalla Torre. 
Ward, Colorado, alt. 9250 ft., Aug. 10 (Cockerell). 


Anthophora himalayensis, Rad. 


Island of Penang (Baker). 
This is A. proserpina, Gribodo, which Meade-Waldo found 
to be inseparable from himalayensis. 


Anthophora confusa, Smith. 
Murree, India, 7500 ft. (Duit). 


Pseudomelecta californica miranda (Fox). 


Ute Pass, Colorado (Frances Long). 
Taken at flowers of Asclepias halli. 


Megachile sandacana, sp. n. 


9 .—Length about 13°5 mm. 

Rather robust, black, with clear ferruginous femora, tibize, 
and tarsi; head ordinary, with dense pale ochreous hair, 
except on clypeus, where the hair is long and so thin that 
the clypeus seen from in front appears nude; clypeus rugose 
but shining, with a very strong median keel on upper three- 
fourths, lower margin straight except for a slight crenulation; 
mandibles black, the cutting-edge long and very oblique, 
with only two tecth, the apical one long ; thorax densely 
covered with pale ochreous hair, becoming fulvous on 
scutellum ; mesothorax strongly punctured, the punctures 
mainly in transverse rows ; tegule red. Wings dusky 
reddish ; abdomen broad and parallel-sided, the hind margins 
of the segments with entire bands of bright ferruginous 
hair, the rest of the dorsal surface covered with short thin 
ved hair, except the first segment, which has longer fulvous 
hair; ventral scopa whitish basally, grading into copper-red 
apically. 

Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9602). : 

Smaller than M. bicolor (Fab.), and without black hair 
on thorax above. Smaller than M. takaoensis, Ckll., and 


Records of Bees, 307 


abdomen differently ornamented. More robust than 
M. rufofulva, Ckll. In the character of the clypeus it 
resembles M. ferruginea, Friese, from Siam. 


Megachile disjuncta (Fabricius). 


Madras, July 17 (7. V. R.); Bangalore, March 28 (T. V. 
R.); Koduvur, Kurnool district, Aug. (7. V. R.). 

These Jndian specimens have the hair at end of thorax 
and base of abdomen pale fulvous. Ina specimen from Deh, 
Sumatra (Martin), it is white. 


Megachile auresbasis, Cockerell. 


The female, hitherto unknown, comes from Rangalore, 
India, Aug. 25, at Cosmos flowers (T. B. F.). It is extremely 
like the Hawaiian M, schauinslandi, Alfken, differing by the 
absence of red hair on front and occiput, entire red hair- 
bands on second and third abdominal segments, and white 
bands (interrupted in middle) on fourth and fifth. 

This is evidently the species which Bingham confused 
with M. stulta, Bingh. 


Megachile ramakrishne, Cockerell. 


Bangalore, March 28 (7. V. R.); Devanakonda, Aug. 15 
(7. V. R.) ; Kodumur, Kurnool district (Ramakrishna). 


Megachile fletcheri, sp. nD. 


3 .—Length nearly 13 mm. 

With the coloration and general appearance of M. bicolor 
(Fabr.), with the same red hair on dorsum of thorax 
posteriorly, and white at sides of metathorax, the same colour 
of wings, and bright dense red hair on abdomen, I should 
refer it with little hesitation to dicolor (of which I possess 
only the female), but for the fact that it disagrees with 
Bingham’s description of the male. The face is densely 
covered with pale cream-coloured hair, with no nude area; 
eyes green; head not proportionately larger than in female 
bicolor ; anterior cox with large black spines; anterior 
femora, tibize, and tarsi red, the femora posteriorly and 
tibize on outer side black ; anterior tarsi moderately dilated, 
with a large dark spot on inner side, and a rather long white 
fringe ; middle legs black with the femora in front, and the 
tibiz, except at apex and on outer side, red; hind legs 


358 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and 


black ; their spurs black ; middle and hind tarsi thickened, 
with very long lateral fringes of shining creamy-white 
curled hairs; keel of sixth abdominal segment strongly 
irregularly dentate, and emarginate in middle. Wings 
dusky reddish, stigma ferruginous, nervures fuscous. 

Bangalore, India, Aug. 25, on Cosmos flowers (T. B. F.). 

Structurally similar to M. devadatta, Ckll., from N. India, 
but larger and differing in many details. 

Received from Mr. Ramakrishna Ayyar (No. 22). 


Megachile geoffrei, n. n. 


Megachile frederici, Meade~Waldo, Ann, & Mag. N. H., Nov. 1912, 
p. 474 (not Cameron, 1901). 


Gambia and Nigeria. 


Megachile atrata fulvipennis (Smith). 


Both sexes, Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9970). 


Meyachile gemula albula (Lovell & Ckll.). 


Minnehaha, Pike’s Peak, Colorado (Frances Long). New 
to Colorado. At this locality Miss Long also took Bombus 
occidentalis perixanthus (Ckll. & Porter), B. rufocinctus 
phacelia, Ckll., Andrena edwinie, Ckll., A. prunorum, CkIl., 
A. medionitens, Ckll., Osmia bruneri, Ckll., O. densa, Cress., 
O. fulgida, Cress., O. melanotricha, Lov. & Ckll., O. pent- 
stemonis, Ckll., O. hypoleuca, Ckll., Anthophora smithii, Cress., 
A. simillima, Cress., Titusella pronitens, Ckll., &c. 


Pasites indicus, sp. 0. 


2? (type).—Length a little over 6 mm. 

Head and thorax black, abdomen clear ferruginous, the 
fifth segment blackened above; mandibles ferruginous, 
stout and simple; eyes reddish brown ; scape black, red at 
apex; flagellum red, dusky above except basally ; head and 
thorax with appressed silvery hair, tinged with brown on 
middle of mesothorax; tubercles red at end; tegule clear 
ferruginous. Wings hyaline, tinged with brown; truncation 
of marginal cell broad, little oblique; first r.n. ending 
nearer to second than to base of second s.m. ; b.n. meeting 
t.-m.; stigma and nervures ferruginous; tibie and tarsi, 
and apices of femora, ferruginous. Abdomen shining, with 
large patches of appressed white hair at sides of first four 


Records of Bees. 359 


segments, on fourth extended to form a broad rather nar- 
rowly interrupted band; apical half of fifth segment covered 
with white hair; apex of abdomen truncate. 

¢ .—Similar to the female ; antenne 12-jointed, flagellum 
blackish except at base ; first abdominal segment with a 
biack spot on each side; apical plate of abdomen rounded, 
densely hairy above; labrum large, ferruginous, dusky in 
middle. 

Pusa, Bihar, India, Sept. 1912 (Dutt). 

Sent by Mr. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher (No.5). This greatly 
extends the known distribution of the genus, the nearest 
previously known locality for Pasites being Quetta. Owing 
to its small size, this resembles P. minutus, Mocs., which, 
however, is even smaller. It also resembles that insect in 
the hardly bigibbous scutellum, but it differs in the coloration 
of the abdomen. 


Crocisa minuta, Radoszkowski. 


This little species was described from Mussooree, N.W. 
Provinces, and was not known to Bingham. <A male and 
female from Chapra (Mackenzie), sent by Mr. T. B. Fletcher 
(No. 28), agree with the description, but the male (with the 
abdomen much contracted) is only about 6°5 mm. long. 
The anterior projection of the band on second abdominal 
segment is emarginate, and the whole band on each side of 
the segment has the outline of a jaw-boue. 


Apis florea, var. andreniformis (Smith). 
Sandakan, Borneo (Baker). 


Heterapis sandacanensis, sp. 0. 


? .—Length about 3:2 mm. 

Slender, shining black; clypeus with a large suboval 
reddish-white mark, but no other face-marks; middle of 
clypeus with dense excessively minute punctures, very much 
smaller than the facets of the eye (which are large) ; laterally 
these punctures run into longitudinal grooves, but the 
extreme sides of the clypeus are impunctate ; labrum and 
mandibles reddish orange, the latter with curled hairs on 
outer side; antennz dark brown above, yellowish fulvous 
below, flagellum short ; upper edge of prothorax ciliated 
with white hair ; mesothorax with sparse very minute pili- 
ferous punctures; scutellum similarly punctured, the disc 
flat ; area of metathorax not defined, merely microscopically 
tessellate; tubercles and tegule testaceous. Wings hyaline; 


360 On the African and Asiatic Species of Melyris. 


nervures and stigma brown; b.n. falling very far short of 
t.-m.; first r.n. joining first t.-c.; third discoidal cell 
wholly confluent with second submarginal, i.e. the lower 
side of second s.m. lacking. ‘Tibiz and tarsi, and apices of 
femora, orange-testaceous; claws cleft, pulvillus large ; 
abdomen practically impunctate, with very sparse hairs, 
apical half with microscopical lineolation ; hind margins of 
segments brownish. Anterior tarsi with thickened hairs, 
curled at end. 

Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9977). 

‘Two specimens. 

The genus Heterapis was based on two minute Australian 
species. The present insect, from Borneo, differs from both 
by the combination of minute size with a broad subquadrate 
head, but it is unquestionably congeneric. Perkins in 1912 
added a third Australian species, also very distinct from that 
now described. 


XXXVIII.—Notes on the African and Asiatic Species of 
Melyris, Hab. (sensu lato), with an Account of their Sexual 
Characters: Supplementary. By G.C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. 


AMONGST the eighty species of Melyris enumerated in my 
paper on these insects published in the October number of 
this Magazine (pp. 157-219), five only were recorded as 
having a modification of the intermediate or posterior tarsi in 
the males. This portion of the tarsal structure of four of them 
was figured: J. parallela on p. 204, M. quadricollis on p. 205, 
M. klugi on p. 208, and M. bicalcarata on p. 209. Owing, 
however, to an unfortunate mistake made in numbering the 
drawings of the Abyssinian MM. parallela (No. 61) and 
M. quadricollis (No. 62), the figures and descriptions of the 
tarsi of these two insects have been transposed on pp. 204— 
206, and the error was not detected when the proots were 
finally corrected by me during an enforced absence from 
home, and when the specimens were not at hand for checking 
purposes. 

Kigure 3 (J. parallela) shows the intermediate tarsus 
of M. quadricollis, 8, and figure 4 (quadricollis) that of 
M. parallela, 8; and the accompanying descriptions of the 
tarsal structure of M. quadricollis refer to Md. parallela, aud 
those of A. parallela to M. quadricollis. 

M. albicoma (No. 36) should have been placed amongst 
the Somaliland forms, pp. 196-201. 


THE ANNALS 


AND 


MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, 


[NINTH SERLES.] 


No. 24. DECEMBER 1919. 


XX XIX.—On Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma from 
Deep-sea Telegraph-Cables. By W.'T’. Catman, D.Sc. 


Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum. 
( yP 


THE specimens here discussed form part of the collections 
from telegraph-cables of which particulars were given in my 
paper ‘Qn Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum” *. Some 
are from localities mentioned in the list of cable-ships given 
in that paper, but there are also specimens from the vicinity 
of Zanzibar (C./S. ‘Sherard Osborn’), the Java~Australia 
and the Victoria—Tasmania cables (C./S. ‘ Recorder’), the 
Tasman Sea (C./S. ‘ Patrol’), and the coast of Cuba (probably 
from a cable). . 

The species are all referred to the genus Megalasma of 
Hoek 7, as re-defined by Pilsbry f. It is distinguished from 
Poclasma by “the shape of the carina, which is enlarged at 
the sides toward the base, with a concave plate inside.” This 
inner plate, however, does not always terminate above in 
“two stout teeth,” and the peduncle is sometimes far from 
“very short” as in Pilsbry’s definition. 

All except one of the species may further be included in 


* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) i. p. 96 (1918). 
+ Rep. ‘ Challenger’ Cirripedia, 1883, p. 50, 
t Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. lx. 1907, p. 87. 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 27 


362 Dr. W. T. Calman on 


Pilsbry’s subgenus Gilyptelasma, the characters of which I 
have already discussed *. It is distinguished from Mega- 
lusma, s. str., by the fact that the basal margin of the scutum 
forms a distinct angle with the chord of the occludent margin, 
whereas in Megalasma the two are in line or nearly so. 
In the species referred to Alegalasma also the valves are 
more strongly sculptured than they are in the species of the 
subgenus Glyptelasma. 

Annandale’s Pacilasma (Glyptelasma) gigas is in some 
respects the least typical species of the genus. The expanded 
sides of the carina are less marked in external view than 
in the other species, and Annandale was so far justified in 
regarding it as forming a transition to the genus Peelasma. 

As I have already pointed out, there is great diversity as 
regards the so-called “ filamentary appendages ” in the species 
referred to Glyptelasma, and the specific differences to be 
observed in the disposition of these appendages are in some 
cases more striking than those exhibited by the valves of the 
shell. In many species, however, these structures have not 
yet been examined. . 


Genus Mecarasma, Hoek. 
Subgenus MEGALASMA, 8. str. 


Megalasma (Megalasma) minus, Annandale. 


Megalasma striatum, subsp. minus, Annandale, Ann, & Mag. Nat, 
Hist. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 399; id. Hlustr. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Crust. 
Entom. pl. i. fig. 8 (107). 

Pecilusma bellum, Pilsbry, Bull. Bur. Fisheries Washington, xxvi. 
1907, p. 183, pl. iv. fig. 6. 

Megalasma minus and MM. bellum, Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia, lix. 1907, p. 409, figs. __ 

Megalasma lineatum, Hoek, ‘Siboga’ Exp., Cirripedia Pedunculata, 
1907, p. 31, pl. iv. figs. 1-8. 

Megalasma minus, Race 1. and Race II. (M. bellum), Annandale, Mem. 
Indian Mus. 11. 1909, p. 96. 


Locality. —Lat. 6° 55’ &., long. 39° 16’ EK. (near Zanzibar), 
270 fath. ©./s. ‘Sheard Osborn.? About 20 specimens. 

Remarks.—The specimens are of relatively large size (up 
to 14 mm. capitular length) ; the scutum is less than twice 
as long as wide; the lateral border of the peduncular fora- 
men, seen from the side, is straight; the proximal angle of 
the mandible is very distinetly forked; the middle segments 


* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) i. p. 407 (1918). 


Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 363 


of the posterior cirri have four large pairs and one small pair 
of anterior spines. In all these characters the specimens 
agree with Pilsbry’s description of the form which he calls 
M. bellum and which Annandale regards as a local race of 
his MZ. minus. On the other hand, the base of the carina in 
our specimens, while varying somewhat in shape, is squarely 
truncate, with the lateral angles more or less produced and 
acute, and, although without a median tooth, agrees rather 
better with Pilsbry’s figure of the carina of M. minus. 
Further, a specimen of MM. minus received from the Indian 
Museum in 1906, and presumably one of the syntypes, has 
the scutum distinetly less than twice as long as broad, and 
therefore disposes of the sole character which Aunandale 
retains as distinctive of the species or race. 


Subgenus GLypretasma, Pilsbry. 


Key to the Species of the Subgenus Glyptelasma *. 


A. Carina projecting well below scutum, the 
basal margins of the two valves meeting 
at an angle as seen from the side. 
a. Basal margin of carina, seen from the side, 
as long as that of scutum ...... .-.e6. M.gracile (Hoek), with 
[subsp. gracilius, Pilsbry. 
b. Basal margin of carina, seen from the side, 
shorter than that of scutum f. 
a. Carina transversely expanded at the 
base. [No filamentary appendages.| . MM. gigas (Annandale). 
b. Carina not transversely expanded at the 


base. 
a, Sides of carina widened in lower 
ULE einen gree A SAS nee dim yan aens M. annandalei, Pilsbry. 


B. Sides of carina widening evenly 
throughout its length. [A pair of 
sinall filamentary appendages ou 
dorsal surface of prosoma near its 
ATA TM A E AGWois ieee o a'g5 > stones M, prilsbiyt, sp. un. 
B. Carina not projecting far below scutum, the 
basal margins of the two valves in line or 
forming an even curve as seen from the 
side. 
a. Occludent margin of scutum nearly 
straight, carina with narrow sides, trans- 
versely expanded at base ........ w.». MM. rectum, Pilsbry. 


* Based on the keys given by Pilsbry (Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus. Lx. 1907, 
p. 83, and Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1907, p. 415). 

+ On this point Pilsbry’s description of M. annandalei is at variance 
with his key and with his figure of that species (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. Ly. 
1907, pp. 83 & 90, pl. vii. fig. 15). : 

27 


364 Dr. W. T. Calman on 


b. Occludent margin of scutum convex, sides 
of carina widening below. 
a. Basal width of capitulum little less 
than one-third of its length. 
a. Basal margin of carina, seen from the 
side, shorter than that of scutum.. MM. subcarinatum, 


f. Basal margin of carina, seen from the {Pilsbry. 


side, about as long as that of 

scutum. [A pair of long filamen- 

tary appendages placed far forward 

on dorsal surface of prosoma, and a 

pair of short ones close to base of _ 

PURSE ACIDE | Mi ec sees tens eather eae M. orientale, sp. u. 

b. Basal width of capituium not more than Reh we 
one-fourth of its length. i, 
a. Numerous filamentary appendages a 


dorsal surface of prosoma ........ M. carinatum (Hoek). 
8. A pair of uncinate processes on dorsal 
BUTLACE Of PTOSOMMB. 5 arspsieie se ais ere M. hamatum, sp. n. 


Megalasma (Glyptelasma) gigas (Annandale). 


Pecilasma (Glyptelasma) gigas, Annandale, Journ. Straits Branch Roy. 
Asiatic Soc. no, 74, 1916, p. 299, pl. iv. fig. 4, pl. v. figs. 10-14, 
ple vi. figs’, Ge 

Localities—Lat. 8° 46’ §., long. 114° 44’ E., 400 fath. 
2 specimens, 

lat. 11° 0’ '8., long. 121°°0" E.; 500 fath.’ “Aboutets 
specimens. . 

Lat. 11° 0' S. “fons. 121° 30’ E., 500 fath. 8 specimens. 

Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 122° 0’ E., 600 fath. 4 specimens. 

All specimens taken by C./S. ‘ Patrol’ from Java—Australia 
cables. 

Measurements.—Largest specimen, length of capitulum 
30 mm., breadth 15 mm., length of peduncle 36 mm. In 
another specimen, length of capitulum 25 mm., of peduncle 
43 mm. 

Remarks.—The specimens agree in general with Annan- 
dale’s description and figures, the most conspicuous difference 
being that the peduncle is frequently longer—sometimes 
much longer—than the capitulum. The cuticle may be 
much paler, sometimes nearly colourless. I can find no trace 
of a tooth at the basal occludent angle of the tergum on 
either side. ‘There is some variation in the depth of the sides 
of the carina. ‘The peduncle shows, more or less distinctly, 
a longitudinal keel on the carinal side. There are no fila- 
mentary appendages, 

It seems probable that Annandale’s species is related to 


—) 


Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 365 


M. rectum, Pilsbry, in which the “auriculate” structure of 
the base of the carina suggests the beginning of such a 
transverse expansion as is seen in this species. 


Fig. 1. 


Megalasma (Glyptelasma) pilsbry2, sp, n., holotype. 


A, Lateral view, outlines of valves as seen after partial removal of cuticle. 
B. Basal angle of scutum, inner surface. C, Carina, inner surface, 


Megalasma (Glyptelasma) pilsbryi, sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 1 and 2.) 
Loealittes—Lat. 9° 15' S., long. 115° 10’ E., 800-1500 
fath. 1 specimen. 
Lat. 10° 45’ §., long. 120° 50’ E., 700 fath. 2 specimens 
(including holotype). 
Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 121° 30’ E., 500 fath. 1 specimen. 


366 *, W. 'T. Calman on 


Ali specimens taken by C./S. ‘Patrol’? from Java— 
Australia cables. 

Description. Capitulum covered with a thick opaque 
cuticle, the surface of which has a very fine, short, velvety 
pile, with stouter but still short seta interspersed. Valves 
separated by distinct interspaces, that separating the scutum 
from the upper part of the carina being especially wide. The 
lines of growth are well-marked, regularly and rather widely 
spaced; when the cuticle is removed, rather faint radial 


Fig. 2. 
oe hik 
Yaw 
UY | 
a \ 
/ | | 
Poa 7 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
x 


Meyalasma (Gilyptelasma) pilsbryt, sp. n. 


Body, from the side, showing dorsal filamentary appendages, first cirrus, 
and caudal appendages. 


striations are visible on the scutum. Seutuwm with occludent 
margin slightly convex, tergal margin straight, carinal margin 
convex, passing in an even curve into the straight basal 
margin, which forms a little less than a right angle with the 
chord of the oecludent margin. A submarginal ridge runs 
from umbo to apex, but there is no definite ridge from umbo 
to tergo-carinal angle; the basal margin is slightly everted 
and thickened. On the inner surface is an umbonal tooth or 


Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 367 


tubercle on each valve. Tergum with apex slightly re- 
curved ; occludent margin convex in its upper half ; angle of 
occludent and scutal margins slightly produced; a “well- 
marked groove from apex to scuto-carinal angle. Carina 
with sides expanding evenly from above downwards, so that 
the inner margin is regularly concave; basal margin ex- 
tending well below base of scutum and at right angles with 
it ; septum with concave margin, its lateral angles prominent 
in ‘side-view. 

Peduncle about one-third of ecapitular length, coarsely 
corrugated, with obscure carinal keel. “Attachment almost at 
the margins of scuta and carina. 

A single pair of rather short, slender, filamentary ap- 
pendages on dorsum of prosoma near its ‘posterior margin. 
Rami of jirst cirrus with 9 and 10 segments respectively, 

Caudal appendages less than one-fourth as long as peduncle 
of sixth cirri. 

Measurements.x—Length of capitulum 25 mm., breadth 
13 mm.; length of peduncle 8 mm. 

Remarks.—In some respects this species seems to approach 
M. annandalei, Pilsbry, from the North Atlantic. It differs 
in having no sudden widening of the sides of the carina and 
no excavation of the adjacent margin of the scutwn, as well 
as in the thick cuticle covering the valves and many other 
details which forbid its identification with that species. 


Megalasma (Glyptelasma) orientale, sp. n. 
( Vext-figs. 3 and 4.) 


Localities.—Vat. 9° 15’ §., long. 115° 10’ E., 800-1500 
fath. 5 specimens (incluling holoty e). 

Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 122° 0' E., 600 fath. 1 specimen. 

Specimens taken by C./S. ‘Patrol? from Java—Australia 
cables. 

ee lice 2 Wales of shell resembling those of A. sub- 
carinatum, Pilsbry. Seutum with oecludent margin convex, 
carinal margin convex above, deeply excavated below, basal 
margin everted, forming about a night angle with the chord 
of the occludent margin. Submarginal ridve from umbo to 
apex very close to the actual occludent margin, which is 
concealed when capituluim is viewed from the side. On the 
inner surface the “smooth basal area”? las its upper edge 
(which marks the line of attachment of the peduncle) much 
less arched than in Ad. subcarinatum, Tergum with carinal 
margin inclined towards the occludent, apex acute. Carina 


368 Dr. W. T. Calman on 


with sides expanded in the lower part to four to five times 
their depth in the upper part (as against about three times in 
the figure of J/. subcarinatum), transverse width of upper 
part (in large specimens) about one-third of that of basal 
Margin ; areal margin, as seen from the side, equal to or 
slightly longer or shorter than that of seutum. Inner septum 
with upper edge concave but not distinctly bilobed, not pro- 
jecting when the detached carina is seen from the side. 
Pedunele very short, its diameter much less than that of 


Fig, 3. 


Megalasma (Glypte’asma) orientale, sp. n., holotype. 


A. Lateral view. 5B. Basal angle of scutum, inner surface. 
C. Carina, inner surface. 


the peduncular orifice, and attached some distance above the 
basal margins of scuta and carina. 

A pair of long tapering filamentary appendages are attached 
side by side on the anterior part of the dorsal surface of the 
prosoma. <A short finger-like appendage is placed close to 
the base of the first cirrus. Rami of first cirrus with 9 and 
11 segments respectively. Caudal appendages very short 


stumps, with a few apical sete. 


Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 369 
Measurements—Length of capitulum 35 mm., breadth 


18 mm. 
Remarks.—In the characters of the valves this species does 


Fig. 4. 


Megalasma (Glyptelasma) orientale, sp. n. 


Body, from the side, showing filamentary appendages, first cirrus, 
caudal appendages, and penis. 


not differ very widely from J/. subcarinatum, but since the 
latter is only known from the North Atlantic (“ East of New 


370 Dr. W. T. Calman on 


Jersey”) and its filamentary appendages have not been 
described, it seems advisable to record the Oriental form 
under another name. The larger specimens exceed in size 
any hitherto described in the genus. 


Megalasma (Glyptelasma) carinatum (Hoek). 


Megalasma (Gilyptelasma) carinatum, Calman, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 
(9) i. 1918, p. 401, figs. 1-3 (with references). 


Locality —Lat. 14° 54’ N., long. 23° 42’ W. (Cape Verde 
Islands), 990 fath. C./S. ‘ Britannia.’ 1 specimen. 


Megalasma (Glyptelasma) hamatum, sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 5, 6, and 7.) 


Localities.— 
Atlantie: 

“ Off coast of Cuba” (with specimens of JZ. eartnatum). 
2 specimens. 

Lat. 14° 54' N., long. 23° 42’ W. (Cape Verde Islands), 
990 fath. (with specimens of J/. carénatum). C./S. ‘ Brit- 
annia.? 1 specimen. 

Indo-Pacific : 

Lat. 6° 58’ S., long. 39° 16’ E. (near Zanzibar), about 
270 fath. ©./S.‘Sherard Osborn. 1 specimen, 

Lat. 8° 46’ S., long. 114° 44’ E. (Java—Australia), 400 
fath. ©./S. ‘Recorder.’ 2 specimens. 

Lat. 11° 8., long. 121° 30’ E. (Java—Australia), 500 fath. 
C./8. ‘ Patrol.’ 2 specimens. 

Lat. 11° '8., long. 122° KE. (Java—Australia), 600 fath. 
C./S. ‘ Patrol 7 specimens. 

‘“‘ Victoria~-Tasmanian cables, north end.” C./S. ‘Re- 
corder.’ 2 specimens (including holotype). 

Lat. 37° §., long. 165° E. (Tasman Sea), 800 fath. C./S. 
‘Patrol.’ 1 specimen. 

Description.— Cuticle thin, only present near edges of 
valves. Valves rather thin, lines of growth and radial stria- 
tions not strongly marked; all valves in contact or nearly 
so. Scutum with occludent margin convex, tergal margin 
straight, carinal margin convex above, more or less deeply 
concave or notched below, basal margin straight, forming a 
right or an obtuse angle with the chord of the oecludent 
margin; submarginal ridge from umbo to apex straight or 
gently curved; ridge from umbo to carino-tergal angle very 


Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 371 


obscure ; the basal margin is more or less everted, and there 
is on the inner surface a small umbonal tooth on each valve ; 
area defined by line of attachment of peduncle very narrow. 


Megalasma (Glyptelasma) hamatum, sp. n., holotype. 


A. Lateral view. B. Basal angle of scutum, inner surface. C. Seutum 
from occludent aspect, to show eversion of basal margin. D. Carina, 
inner surface, 


Tergum with straight margins except the occludent, which 
may be gently curved, carinal margin one-third to one-half as 
long as the occludent. Carina narrow, evenly curved, sides 


372 Dr. W. T. Calman on 


expanding in lower part, so that the margin is convex or even 
bluntly angled, basal margin more or less everted, straight or 
gently concave as seen from the side, in line or forming an 
even curve with base of scutum ; septum notched in the 
middle, lateral lobes more or less prominent in side-view. 
Pedunele less than half as long as capitulum, with obscure 
carinal keel; attached almost at margins of scuta and carina. 


In place of filamentary appendages the dorsal surface of 


Fig. 6. 


Megalasma (Gilyptelasma) hamatum, sp. n. 


Body, from the side, showing dorsal hooks, filamentary appendage, and 
: caudal appendages. 


the prosoma bears, about the middle of its length, a pair of 
short hook-like processes, turned forwards, rather more firmly 
chitinized than the surrounding integument ; a short distance 
in front of these is a pair of low rounded swellings. Close to 
the base of the first cirrus on each side is a small appendage 
of varying length, sometimes reduced to a mere papilla, and 
in one specimen apparently absent. Rami of first cirrus with 


Barnacles of the Genus Megalasma. 373 


from 9/11 to 10/12 segments. Caudal appendages very 
short, not more than one-fifth as long as peduncle of sixth 
curl. 


Megalasma (Glyptelasma) hamatum, sp. n.e Specimen from coast 
: of Cuba. 


A. Lateral view. 3B. Basal angle of scutum, inner surface. C. Scutum 
from occludent aspect, to show eversion of basal margin, 


Measurements.—Length of capitulum (to middle of bas 
margin) 24 mm., breadth 12°5 mm. 
Remarks.—It is only after considerable hesitation that ali 


374 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on 


the specimens recorded above have been included under one 
specific name. They all agree in the possession of the 
peculiar hook-like organs on the dorsal surface of the prosoma 
—a character which differentiates them from all the other 
species I have seen—but they differ greatly among themselves 
in the characters of the capitular valves. As an example of 
the variation in these characters, I figure a specimen from off 
the coast of Cuba (text-fig. 7). It will be seen that it differs 
from the holotype (from the Victoria~-Tasmanian cables) in 
the much narrower form of the capitulum, the relatively 
shorter carina, and the scutum with the basal margin at 
right angles to the chord of the occludent margin. Other 
specimens, however, both from the Atlantic and from the 
Indo-Pacific areas, are intermediate between the two forms, 
and I am unable to point out any characters by which they 
can be satisfactorily grouped. 


XL.—On Five new Mammals from Java. 
By Herzert C. Rosinson and C. Bopen Koss. 


Pithecus pyrrhus sondaicus, subsp. n. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected at Tjrbodas, 
Preanger Regencies, West Java, 4500 ft., on 12th February, 
1916, by H.C. Robinson. Federated Malay States Museums, 
no. 164/16. Original number 7181. . 

Diagnosis. —Black throughout, only the back of the hind 
limbs with a few white-tipped hairs. Size rather smaller 
than the eastern typical race, P. pyrrhus (Horsf.) = 8. maurus 

auctt, ). 
: Dee of the type, measured in the flesh—Head and 
body 540 mm.; tail 740; hind foot 163 ; ear 30. 

Cranial measurements: greatest length 104:7 (110°1*) ; 
basul length 77-0 (82°0); zygomatic breadth 78:1 (85'S) ; 
maxillary tooth-row, excluding incisors, 35°7 (38°4). 

Specimens examined.—Vhe type and one other adult male 
from the same locality compared with eight adults from 


Icastern Java. 


* Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male P. p. pyrrhus 
from Ongop-Ongop, Idjen Massif, near Banjoewangi, 5700 ft., Kast Java. 
T'.M.5.M.. no. 685/16. 


Five new Mammals from Java. 375 


Remarks.—We have followed Thomas and Wroughton 
(P. Z. 8. 1909, i. p. 372) in adopting the name pyrrhus, 
Horsf., for both black and yellow forms of the monkey 
usually known hitherto as Semnopithecus maurus, which 
latter name is inapplicable as belonging to a West-African 
mangabey. We cannot accept Elliot’s views in adopting 
the earlier title auratus, Geoffr., 1812. Dr. Elliot makes 
no statement as to the skull, but remarks that the tail has 
black hairs intermingled with the golden-yellow ones, which 
tends to show that the specimen is quite immature. It is, 
moreover, without exact provenance. Neither Horsfield nor 
any other author has designated any type-locality for pyrrhus, 
and we therefore fix it as the province of Pasuruan, whence 
Schlegel and Jentink have cited many specimens. 

As regards the present form, Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, xii. 
p- 99, 1876) has already noted that the Kastern form is very 
much greyer than animals from the western parts of the island, 
where adults are quite black. 


Rattus sabanus mayapahit, subsp. n. 


Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Tjibodas, 
West Java, 5000 ft., on February 12th, 1916, by H. C. 
Robinson. Federated Malay States Museums, no. 1/16. 
Original no. 7178. 

Characters.— A rat of the sabanus-vociferans group, but 
differing from all described Malayan forms in having the tail 
not bicoloured. 

Colour.—Pelage of the type usual in the group, but on the 
whole rather less wiry. Ochraceous-tawny element rather 
paler and less prominent, median area of back rather dark. 
Under surface white, faintly tinged with cream, sharply 
defined from the sides. Feet separated from the limbs by a 
ring of mouse-grey. Brown median streak on the hands not 
reaching the terminal digits, which are pure white. ‘The 
same area on the feet less defined than in other members of 
the group. ‘Tail coarsely ringed and thinly clad with hairs 
dark at the base, but becoming rather paler towards the tip. 
Ears elongate, extremely thinly clad with very short hairs, 
practically naked. 

Skull.—Massive, as in the group generally; nasals tapering, 
somewhat spatulate at the tips, tooth-rows slightly divergent, 
mesopterygoid space elongate, bulb-shaped, not parallel-sided. 
Palatal foramina rather short, bulla small, rather more flat- 


376 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on 


tened than in either 22. s. sabanus or R. s. voctferans. Inter- 
parietal semielliptic, the length one-half the breadth. 

Measurements.—Head and body (taken in the flesh) 251 
(242*) mm. ; tail 335 (358) ; hind foot 50 (49) ; ear 28 (30). 

Cranial measurements : greatest length 55:0 (56° 3) 3 con- 
dylo-basilar length 48°0 (49:0) ; palatilar length 24°8 (25-0) ; 
diastema 15:0 (14: 6) palatal foramina length 8:0 (8-1) ; 
greatest length of nasals 21°3 (21°6) ; zygomatic breadth 24° 9 

(25°6) ; length of upper molar row 9:4 (10:2). 

Specimens evamined.—F our ; the type, an adult male from 
Sodong Jerok, Idjen Massif, near Banjoewangi, H. Java, and 
on immature male andifemale from the same locality. 

Remarks.—The entirely uniform tail in the adult will at 
once separate this species from all other members of the 
group, apart from the characters of the median streak on the 
hands and feet, which may possibly not be constant. Other- 
wise there are no very special differences. In other localities 
as well as in Java rats of the group are not usually found 
above about 4000 ft., being replaced in the Malay Peninsula 
and in Sumatra by the ciliatus section, which, however, so 
far as is at present known appears to have no representative 
in Java or in Borneo. 

In Borneo and the Malay Peninsula rats of this group are 
at their brightest. In outlying parts of their range (R. s. 
herberti from Cential Siam and Jt. s. fistera from Sikkim) 
they become duller as in the present form and JR, s. ululans 
of Sumatra. 


Rattus bukit treubi7, subsp. n. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected at Tyibodas, 
Mt. Gedeh, Western Java, 5000 ft., on 23rd February, 1916, 
by H. C. Robinson. Original no. 7271. 

Diagnosis.—Allied to R. bukit (Bonh.) from the Malay 
Peninsula and Jt. fraternus (Robinson & Kloss) + from 
Sumatra, but less spiny than the latter, tail rather shorter ; 
always lacking the ochraceous patch on "the chest, which is 
always present in Sumatran animals. General size decidedly 
smaller, 

Skull and teeth.—Similar to R. bukit, except in size. 

Dimensions.— Measurements of the type taken in the flesh: 
lead and body 144 mm.; tail 187; hind foot 29; ear 20°5. 


* Measurements in parentheses are those of the adult male, F.M.S.M. 
869/16, from Eastern Java. 

+ Journ. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. no. 73, p. 275 (1916) ; Journ. 
F.M.S. Museums, viii. pt. 2, p. 47 fete): 


Five new Mammals from Java. 377 


Cranial measurements: total length 35°3 ; condylo-basilar 
length 29:9 ; diastema 9:0; upper molar row 6°0; length of 
palatal foramina 6°1 ; median length of nasals 13°3 ; breadth 
of nasals 4°2 ; zygomatic breadth 16:0. 

Specimens examined.—'l wenty-four adult and many imma- 
ture specimens all from the vicinity of the type-locality. 

Remarks.— 'Vhis species, which is the lowest-ranging of the 
forest-rats of the group on the Gedeh Volcano, is very 
uniform in coloration and degree of spininess, therein differing 
trom &. fraternus, which is variable in both respects. From 
Fe. bukit of the Malay Peninsula it differs in its brighter, 
less clayey colouring, less stiff spines, and finer annulation 
of the tail. From £&. orbus of the northern parts of the 
Malay Peninsula in its smaller size, relatively shorter tail, 
and lack of pectoral markings. 


Rattus cremoriventer cretaceiventer, subsp. n. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected at Tjibodas, 
West Java, 4500 ft., on February 22nd, 1916, by H.C. 
Robinson. Federated Malay States Museums, no. 256/16. 
Original number 7263. 

Characters.—A rat of the group represented in the Malay 
Peninsula by &. eremortventer (Miller) and in Borneo by 
. kina and R. rapit (Bonliote), but pelage longer and less 
spiny, colour duller, and with the belly almost chalk-white 
with only a faint tinge of cream. ‘Teeth decidedly heavier 
and interparietal foramina narrower. Bulle larger and 
broader. 

Colour etc.—Pelage of the type usual in rats of the group, 
composed of three elements, viz., long black piles with pale 
tips or subterminal bands ; broad, flattened, grooved spines, 
greyish green in colour, with dark tips and a woolly underfur, 
grey at the base, with ochraceous-buff tips. General colour- 
effect above a mixture of buff, drab, and black, the latter 
more evident on the median line, the sides more rufous buff. 
Head and sides of the face more brownish, the muzzle pale 
chocolate-brown, hands and feet silvery whitish, with narrow 
brown median streak, the hairs very short. Below white, 
sharply separated from the colour of the sides, the hairs white 
to the base, longer and less spiny than in tue allied races. 
Tail brownish, coarsely ringed (about nine to the centimetre 
at the base), well clad with tine dark brown hairs increasing 
in length towards the tip, which is distinctly pencillate. An 
indication of a rufous-buff collar, which is interrupted in the 
middle. 

Skull.—The cranial portion relatively shorter and broader 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, iv. 28 


378 On Five new Mammals from Java. 


than in R. ¢. eremoriventer, with the parietal ridges less 
sharply deflected. Orbital constriction more maiked and the 
infraorbital plate narrower ; zygomatic arches decidedly more 
slender ; nasals as in JR. ¢. cremoriventer, terminating in a 
point posteriorly. Beneath, with the palatal foramina nar- 
rower, the interpterygoid space almost parallel-sided, not 
pear-shaped anteriorly; bulla decidedly larger and more 
globose in an antero-posterior direction. Teeth decidedly 
larger, the posterior molar much larger. 

Measurements.—Head and body (taken in the flesh) 137mm.; 
tail 196; hind foot 29; ear 19. 

Skull: greatest length 36°2 ; condylo-basilar length 30°8 ; 
diastema 9°1; zygomatic breadth 16:2 ; length of nasals 12°9 ; 
upper molar row 6°3. 


Mycteromys crociduroides vulcani, subsp. n. 


Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Kandang 
Badak, Mt. Gedeh, Western Java, 7900 ft., on 5th March, 
1916, by H. C. Robinson, Federated Malay States Museums, 
no. 897/16. Original no. 7381. 

Diagnosis.—Warmer in colour above than the type-species 
of the genus, Mycteromys crociduroides (Robinson & Kloss*), 
tail equal to the head and body in length. ars large, 
rounded, almost naked. Pelage dense, close, and very soft. 

Colour.—Above a very fine grizzle of hazel and black, the 
base of the fur slaty grey ; hands and feet seal-brown ; tail 
uniform black. Beneath greyish, strongly washed with 
ochraceous buff, more markedly so in the median lines |... 

Skull.—As in the typical species, but the rostrum decided] 
heavier and relatively shorter ; teeth smaller. 

Dimensions. —Head and body 95 mm.; tail 95; hind 
foot 24; ear 18. 

Cranial measurements: greatest length 25°3; condylo- 
basilar length 23°0; diastema 7:8; upper molar row 3°7 ; 
length of palatal foramina 5°0; median nasal length 9°5 ; 
breadth of combined nasals 2°5; zygomatic breadth 12°6. 

Specimens examined.—'T'wo, the ty peand atwo-thirds-grown 
female from the same locality. 

This species differs ata glance from the large series of the 
genotype obtained at Korinchi, Sumatra, in its much warmer 
colour, shorter tail, dark hands and feet, and heavier rostrum. 
Out of several hundred rats trapped in the locality these 
were the only specimens obtained, so that it is in all proba- 
bility a rare form. 

* Journ. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. no, 73, p. 271 (1916) ; Journ. 
F.M.S. Mus. viii, pt. 2, p. 57 (1918). 


Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera. 379 


XLI.—Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera and Descriptions of 
a few new Species in the British Museum. By Gitperr 
J. Arrow, F.Z.S., F.E.S. 


(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) 
[Plate VIII. ] 


Tue wonderful silvery insect Plusiotis melior, Roths. & Jord., 
proves on close examination to be the normal phase of the 
previously-named P. optima, Bates, the unique type of which 
is a beautiful fiery crimson. The non-acute apex of the 
pygidium, in which the describers of P. melior believed a 
structural difference to be found, is a characteristic of the 
female of the species. Exactly similar red phases occur in 
other beetles in which the same silvery and golden colouring 
prevails normally—for example, the Australian Anoplo- 
gnathus parvulus and aureus. The metallic lustre is also 
liable to disappear in patches, as though by abrasion, leaving 
a red-brown surface, and the type of Anoplognathus concinnus, 
Blackb., is an abnormal specimen of A. aureus, Wat., in 
which the golden colour is entirely absent from the greater 
part of the surface, lingering only upon the back ‘of the 
head, the hinder part of the elytra, and the middle of the 
sternum. 

Whether these abnormalities are due to accident of some 
kind or merely to immaturity it is not possible to say. A 
metallic-red colour seems to be very exceptional as a normal 
condition in beetles, although individual specimens so 
coloured commonly occur amongst species typically of some 
shade of metallic green—for example, in the common Rose- 
chafer (Cetonia aurata) a red variety is occasionally found. 
In non-metallic green beetles a corresponding red variety 
also occurs exceptionally. In one or two instances in which 
a metallic-red colour is normal (e. g., Poropleura bacea) it 
was found by the late C. O. Waterhouse that prolonged 
exposure to light in the British Museum galleries had 
changed the colour to a bright metallic green, so that it 
seems possible that the occasionally-found red specimens 
may be individuals which have not attained their mature 
colouring. On the other hand, I have described one re- 
markable insect (Anomala imperialis) o£ which the female is 
metallic green and the male a deep crimson. 

The following is another species, hitherto undescribed, of 
a beautiful golden colour :— 

28* 


380 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Ruteline Coleoptera 


Plusiotis magnificus, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 1.) 


Splendide viridi-aureus, clypeo, prothoracis lateribus pygidioque 
rufo-cupreis, pedibus corporeque subtus fusco-rufis; elongato- 
ovatus, nitidus, metasterno (medio excepto) longe et sat dense 
abdominisque lateribus parce fulvo-pubescentibus ; capite minute 
punctato, clypeo parabolico, margine parum reflexo, integro ; 
pronoto sat brevi, crebre et minute, lateribus densius, punctato, 
marginibus lateralibus arcuatis, angulis omnibus acutis ; scutello 
subtiliter punctato; elytris grosse inequaliter punctatis, linea 
juxta suturali; pygidio dense transversim ruguloso; processu 
mesosternali acuto, sat valido, metasterno dense ruguloso et 
longe hirsuto, medio levi, nitido. 

Long. 31 mm.; lat. max. 16 mm. 


Panama: Chiriqui. 

A single male specimen was contained in the collection 
bequeathed by the late Alexander Fry to the British 
Museum. It appears to be most nearly related to Plusiotis 
aurigans, Roths. & Jord., but is entirely shining above, with- 
out opaque clypeus, pygidium, or prothoracic borders. The 
mandibles are uniformly rounded externally and not deeply 
sinuated as in P. aurigans. 

The colour is a pale greenish gold above, with the clypeus, 
forehead, sides of the pronotum, and the pygidium coppery 
red, and the legs and lower surface dark pinkish brown. ‘The 
head and pronotum are rather finely but unevenly punctured 
and rather rugosely at the sides, the elytra coarsely and 
irregularly pitted, and the pygidium finely and closely trans- 
versely rugulose. 


Although, as already stated, Anoplognathus concinnus, 
Blackb., is not a distinct species, A. brevicollis, Blackb., 
treated in Ohaus’s recent Catalogue (which is very incom- 
plete) as a synonym of A. nebulosus, Macl., is quite distinct. 
The elytra do not taper at the extremities, but are furnished 
with sharp spines at the angles, and the clypeus of the male 
is longer, broader in front, and almost straight at the sides, 
where it is not distinctly reflexed. 

The following are undescribed species of this genus in the 
Museum collection :— 


Anoplognathus pallidus, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. figs. 4 & 5.) 


Testaceus, levissime metallescens, scutello elytrisque pallide flavis, 
marginibus omnibus (pronoti et elytrorum lateribus exceptis) 


an the British Museum. 381 


corpore subtus tarsisque brunneis ; ovatus, parum convexus, 
nitidus, pronoto subtilissime punctato, lateribus coriaeeis, angulis 
anticis acutis, posticis fere rectis, basi medio emarginato; scutello 
fere impunctato ; elytris sat crebre et «equaliter punctatis, punctis 
nonuullis seriatis, apicibus paulo productis et divergentibus; 
pygidio rugoso, undique griseo-hirto; processu mesosternali 
longo, acuminato : : 

3, clypeo crebre punctato, subquadrato, margine antico leviter 
dilatata, reflexa, medio leviter incisa, pygidio detecto, obliquo, 
tibiis anticis obsolete tridentatis: 

2, clypeo rugoso, parum brevi, arcuato, elytris extus ante medium 
leviter dilatatis, apicibus magis productis, pygidium tegentibus, 
tibiis anticis acute tridentatis. 

Long. 26-29 mm.; lat. max. 15-17 mm. 


Nortuern Territory or Austratia: Macdonnell Range, 
Hermannsburg (H. J. Hillier). 

Although considerably larger and without sharply pointed 
elytra, there is a distinct similarity in colour, sculpture, and 
general form between this species and A. acuminatus, Ohaus. 
It is dark purplish brown beneath and very pale above, 
especially uppn the elytra, with an extremely faint bluish 
metallic lustre, which upon the latter changes to golden 
green. The extremities of the elytra are produced and 
minutely serrated, but rounded instead of acuminate at the 
tips. 

"The clypeus of the male is longer and broader than that 
of A. acuminatus, with the front margin minutely notched in 
the middle and less strongly reflexed. ‘That of the female 
is of the usual rounded shape, but not very broad. 

One male and three females were sent at different dates 
by Mr. Hillier. ; 


Anoplognathus aurora, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 6.) 


Aureo-flavus, refulgens, corpore subtus, pygidio tarsisque sneo- 
viridibus, elytris, femoribus tibiisque roseo-metallicis ; elongatus, 
parum conveXus, corporis subtus lateribus sat longe ac dense 
griseo-pubescentibus, processu mesosternali longo et acuto; pro- 
thoracis disco minute punctato, lateribus subtiliter rugosis, 
angulis anticis acutis, posticis paulo obtusis, basi medio emar- 
ginato; scutello fere impunctato; elytris sat crebre et equaliter 
punctatis, punctis nonnullis seriatis, apicibus productis, separatim 
rotundatis, minute serratis ; pygidio rugoso, fere nudo: 

dg, clypeo subquadrato, margine antico paulo dilatato, arcuato, 
reflexo. 

Long. 28-30 mm.; lat. max. 14-15 mm. 


382 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Ruteline Coleoptera 


N.W. Ausrratia: Tambrey (W. H. Cusack). 

I have seen only three males of this species. It resembles 
the preceding species, but is more brilliantly coloured, more 
elongate in shape, with the elytra of the male (the female is 
unknown) more produced at the extremities, and the 
pygidium naked except for a few scattered minute sete. 

The lower surface of the body, the pygidium and tarsi, are 
deep coppery green, the femora and tibiz are metallic 
crimson and the upper surface orange, with a beautiful 
golden lustre, showing greenish reflections, replaced upon the 
elytra by a delicate pink tinge. With the exception of the 
outer edges of the pronotum and elytra, all the margins are 
narrowly outlined with greenish black. It is an unusually 
elongate species, with a long acute mesosternal process, and 
the produced apices of the elytra are minutely serrated. 
The sculpture of the upper surface is almost as in 4. padlidus. 


Anoploynathus antiquus, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. figs. 2 & 3.) 


Obscure brunneus, fronte, pronoto, scutello elytrisque fulvis, cly peo 
rufo, nigro-marginato, frontis medio nigro-vittato, pronoto 
scutelloque anguste nigro-marginatis, illo ante medium nigro- 
bipunctato ; ovalis, convexus, parum nitidus, undique griseo- 
setosus, processu mesosterrali brevi, obtuso; clypeo crebre 
rugoso, fronte grosse punctato, medio longitudinaliter carinato, 
vertice minus crebre punctato ; pronoto fortiter punctato, lateri- 
bus densius, medio leviter sulcato, marginibus bene arcuatis, 
angulis anticis fere acutis, posticis obtusis, basi leviter trisinuato, 
medio haud emarginato; scutello bene punctato; elytris grosse 
ac rugose punctatis, haud productis, angulis suturalibus haud 
rotundatis ; pygidio crebre rugoso : 

¢, clypeo producto, antrorsum leviter angustato, margine antico 
paulo dilatato, arcuato, reflexo. 

Long. 22-24 mm.; lat. max. 13 mm. 


New Soutnu Wates: Richmond River. 

This is a rather isolated species, with a superficial resem- 
blance to A. velutinus, Boisd., but no close relationship to 
any known species. Its very short blunt mesosternal pro- 
cess ranges it with the flavipennis group, with which it has 
no other special point of resemblance. The brownish- 
yellow colour of the upper surface, together with the 
clothing of white sete and the coarse irregular sculpture, 
produce an appearance more like that of A. velutinus than 
any other, although the broadly produced clypeus of the 
male renders the resemblance less in that sex, The pair of 


in the British Museum. 383 


black spots on the anterior part of the pronotum, about 
equidistant from each other and the lateral margins, and 
the longitudinal black mark between the eyes, are features 
quite peculiar to the species. There is an exceedingly 
feeble greenish sheen upon the dark parts of the body, but 
this is hardly perceptible upon the upper surface. 


Fruhstorferia curta, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. figs, 8 & 9.) 


Pallide flava, mandibulis, antennis, vertice, tarsis elytrorumque 
vittulis marginalibus rufo-brunneis, capite, pronoto, elytrorum 

' extremitatibus pygidioque subtiliter setosis, pectore longe et 
dense flavo-hirto; late ovata, convexa, capite opaco, parce punc- 
tato, ante oculos late dilatato, pronoto lato, minute haud crebre 
punctato, lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis, 
posticis rotundatis, basi trisinuato; scutello sat crebre punctato ; 
elytris irregulariter sat minute, prope suturam crebrius et fortius 
punctatis : 

3, clypeo truncato, haud reflexo, mandibulis productis, recurvatis, 
acuminatis, margine externo dentato, pronoto fortiter dilatato et 
convexo, toto opaco, elytris opacis, regione suturali paulo nitido : 

2, clypeo majori, recurvato, bilobato, pronoto minus convexo, 
elytrorum lateribus opacis, marginibus externis ante medium 
paulo incrassatis. 

Long. (mandibulis exceptis) 15-16°5 mm.; lat. max, 9-9°5 mm.; 
3, mandibule long. max. 3 mm. 


Inpo-Cuina: Upper Mekong R., Pou Mi. (Nov., Dec.). 

Examples of both sexes of this curious insect were found 
by M. R. Vitalis de Salvaza. It is as distinctive in its 
aspect as any species yet known of this remarkable genus, of 
which every species seems to differ entirely both in shape 
and coloration from all the rest. It is the smallest species 
hitherto described and is peculiar also for its pale yellow 
colour, relieved only by inconspicuous brown markings, its 
very broad and compact outline, and the dull, unreflecting 
upper surface of the male. 

The colour is a pale lemon-yellow, with the antenne, 
tarsi, organs of the mouth, vertex of the head, apical margins 
of the elytra, two or three longitudinal marks near each 
shoulder, sometimes a small spot on each near the apex of 
the scutellum, aud another at the base between the latter 
and the shoulder of a reddish-brown colour. The abdomen 
of the male is also of this colour. 

The body is very short and stout, with the head very 
broad in front of the eyes, the prothorax broader than the 
elytra at the shoulders, the lind angles rounded and the base 


384 Notes on Ruteline Coleoptera. 


distinctly lobed before the scutellum. The puncturation of 
the pronotum is fine and scattered, that of the scutellum 
stronger and closer, while the elytra are rather strongly and 
closely punctured in the sutural region and more finely and 
sparingly elsewhere. ‘The legs are ‘short and not very stout, 
and the prosternum is not at all elevated behind the front 
coxe. 

The male is relatively broader than the female, with the 
upper surface opaque, except upon the scutellum and the 
sutural region of the elytra. The mandibles are produced, 
curved upwards, and toothed at the outer edge, as in 
Fruhstorferia yunnana, Ohaus, and the clypeus 1s long, 
narrow, convex, and truncate. The pronotum is highly con- 
vex and strongly dilated in the middle. 

The female is more oval in shape and feebly shining 
above, with the clypeus tapering, bilobed, and recurved at 
the end, the pronotum less broad and convex, the elytra a 
little longer, and their outer margins slightly dilated aud 
thickened before the middle. 

For the sake of comparison I have photographed males of 
Fruhstorferia birmanica (Pl. VILL. fig. 7) and F. yunnana 
(Pl. VILI. fig. 10) side by side with the new species. 


Nannopopillia varicolor, sp. n. 


Nigro-enea, elytris flavis, margine toto anguste vittaque mediana 
ab callo humerali fere ad apicem pertinenti, medio intus dilatata, 
nigris, pedibus nigris vel flavis, vel vitta medio interrupta, vel 
vitta castanea, vel elytris toto nigris; ovata, convexa, sat longe 
et dense albido-vestita, clypeo, elytris, lineaque mediana ventrali 
angusta nudis, clypeo angustato, valde recurvato, transversim 
ruguloso, antice arcuato, fronte rugose punctato, longitudinaliter 
excavato ; pronoto grosse et crebre punctato, postice linea angus- 
tissima mediana levi, angulis anticis acutis, posticis valde 
obtusis ; scutello parce punctato; elytris fortiter punctato- 
sulcatis, intervallis convexis, secundo fere ad extremitatem 
irregulariter punctato; pygidio rugoso, processu. mesosternali 
valido, fortiter compresso, obtuso; pedum anticorum ungue 
majori fisso, aliis integris. 

Long. 9-11 mm.; lat. max. 5-6 mm. 


Brit. E. Arrica: S. Kavirondo (4500 ft.), Kisii District, 
N. Kavirondo, Mt. Elgon, ete. 


Ucanpa: Mbale-Kumi Road, South of L. Salisbury 
(3700 ft.). 


Dr. S. A. Neave found this insect in very great abundance, 


On Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 385 


often in company with Gnatholabis hirsuta, Ohaus, to which, 
in its general aspect and coloration, it bears a marked 
resemblance. It is remarkable, to an even greater degree 
than that species, for the extreme variability of its elytral 
coloration. Typically yellow, with a longitudinal black 
stripe on each elytron, dilating near the middle, the stripe 
is sometimes scarcely traceable, sometimes red instead of 
black, and sometimes interrupted i in the middle. Occasion- 
ally the elytra are entirely black, whilst in pale and dark 
forms the legs may be either yellow or black. The pro- 
notum and pygidium, as well as the lower surface, with the 
exception of a bare median line, are densely clothed with 
pale yellow hair, sometimes more or less rubbed away from 
pronotum and pygidium. The clypeus is more elongate 
than in the other species of the genus, the punctures of the 
provotum do not coalesce transversely as in N. ludificans, 
the hind angles are rounded off, and the mesosternal process 
is strongly developed but not long. 


XLI.—On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis 
de Salvaza.—III. By Rowzann E, Turner, F.ZS., 
F.E.S. 


Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA. 
Family Evaniide. 
Pristaulacus (Tetraulacinus) tonkinensis, sp. n. 


@. Nigra; antennis, articulis duobus apicalibus infuscatis, pedi- 
busque flavo-testaceis; coxis posticis intermediisque nigris; 
abdomine nigro, segmento primo apice late, secundoque dimidio 
basali rufo- ferrugineis ; alis flavo-hyalinis, stigmate venisque 
fuscis; macula quadrata sub stigmate fusca. 

Long. 15 mm.; terebra long. 23 mm. 


?. Head shining, very finely punctured ; posterior ocelli 
about equidistant from the eyes and from each other, and 
more than twice as far from the hind margin of the head 
as from each other. Antenne scarcely longer than the 
abdomen, the first joint of the flagellum scarcely half as 
long again as broad, the second twice as long as the first, 
the third distinctly longer than the first and second com- 
bined. Neck short, only a little more than half as long as 


386 Mr. R. EB. Turner on 


the distance between the tegule and the anterior margin of 
the mesonotum; pronotum unarmed. Mesonotum coarsely 
transversely striated, with a subtriangular depression in the 
middle of the anterior margin, beyond the apex of the 
depression a shallow and very narrow impressed line runs 
almost to the apex of the median lobe. Pleurz coarsely 
and irregularly reticulate; scutellum and _ postscuteilum 
transversely striated ; median segment coarsely reticulate. 
First abdominal segment slender, nearly as long as the 
remainder of the abdomen, the apical half gradually, but 
very slightly, broadened and compressed laterally; the 
remaining segments distinctly compressed laterally and pale 
lnteous brown at the apex. Intermediate and hind cox 
transversely striated ; hind metatarsus nearly half as long 
again as the four following joints combined. Third trans- 
verse cubital nervure only fully defined at each end, the 
median portion indicated by a white scar ; second transverse 
cubital nervure almost obsolete, only indicated by a short 
scar at the cubital end. Nervulus interstitial; lower 
abscissa of the basal nervure shorter than the upper, the 
basal nervure separated from the base of the stigma by a 
distance fully equal to its own length. First recurrent 
nervure received shortly before the apex of the first cubital 
cell. 

Hab. Chapa, Tonkin; June (R. Vitalis de Salvaza). 

This is allied to rufobalteatus, Cam., but differs im the 
much longer terebra, in the shorter apical joints of the hind 
tarsi, im the stouter and differently coloured antenne, and 
in the yellower colour of the wings. I do not think that 
Kieffer’s genus Tetraulacinus can be kept separate from 
Pristaulacus, the second transverse cubital nervure, on the 
presence of which it is founded, being almost obsolete. 


Pristaulacus flavipennis, Cam. 


Aulacus flavipennis, Cam. Proc, Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soc. xxvi. 
p. 134 (1888). 

Aulacus magnificus, Schlett. Ann. Naturh, Hofmus. Wien, iv. p. 509 
(1889). 2. 


Hab. Ceylon. 
Dalla Torre suggests that congener, Westw., may apply to 


this species, but I have previously shown that congener is a 
synonym of dateritius, Shuck. 


Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 387 


Evania kuchingensis, Cam. 
Evania kuchingensis, Cam. Entomologist, xli. p. 237 (1908). ¢. 


Hab. Hoabinh, Tonkin ;x October 5,1917. 3¢¢. 
Originally described from Borneo. Also occurs in Hong 
Kong. 


Family Braconide. 


Subfamily Hzzrconrx. 


Brulleia euphemia, sp. v. 


2. Rufo-testacea; mandibulis apice, terebra valvulisque nigris ; 
antennis 42-articulatis, nigris, articulis duobus basalibus rufo- 
testaceis, articulis 10-18 flavo-testaceis; «lis flavis, tertio 
apicali leviter infuscatis, stigmate venisque fuscis, venis basi 
ruto-testaceis. 


Long. 20 mm. ; terebre long. 31 mm.; antennarum long. 14 mm. 


?. Mandibles stout, bidentate at the apex; clypeus 
finely punctured, short, transverse. Face much broader 
than long, rug: se ; front finely rugulose, short, concave but 
uot deeply excavated; vertex finely punctured. Cheeks 
nearly haf as long as the eyes; head broader than the 
thorax. .Mesonotum finely punctured ; notauli deep and 
crenulate ; the posterior half cof the mesonotum broadly 
depressed in the middle, the depressed portion with a median 
longitutlinal carina and with coarse transverse striae; scu- 
tellum finely punctured. Median segment nearly twice as 
broad as long, very coarsely rugose, becoming more or less 
reticulate towards the apex, the sides of tle segment very 
coarsely reticulate. First tergite about three times as long 
as its apical breadth, slender, rugose; second tergite as 
long as broad, strongly but rather sparsely punctured, the 
remaining segments very finely punctured. Hypopygium 
not nearly reaching the apex of the abdomen; valvule thinly 
clothed with very short hairs. Hind metatarsus longer 
than the four apical tarsal joints combined, calcaria short, 
but stout. Second abscissa of the radius a little longer than 
the first, recurrent nervure received near the base of the 
second cubital cell, nervulus slightly postfurcal, discoidal 
cell sessile. 

Hab. Tonkin ; May, 1917. 

Somewhat allied to B. chinensis, Turn., from N. China, 
but quite distinct. 


388 ‘Mr. R. EB. Turner on 


Gymnoscelus rugidorsalis, sp. n. 


Q. Nigra; antennis 32-articulatis, articulis 11-14 albidis ; palpis 
pedibusque ferrugineis; femoribus posticis supra, tibiisque 
posticis apice nigro-suffusis; tarsis posticis articulis duobus 
basalibus albidis; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis nigris. 

Long. 8 mm.; terebrz long. 5 mm. 


2. Face rugulose with a few strong longitudinal strie ; 
mandibles stout, bidentate at the apex, the inner tooth the 
longest; cheeks a little longer than the scape, strongly 
punctured. Third and fourth joints of the antenne sub- 
equal. Front concave in the middle and smooth, the 
concave area reaching to the anterior ocellus and bounded 
laterally by carine, a low longitudinal carina between the 
antenne ; between the concave area and the eyes the front 
is finely rugulose. Vertex smooth and shining, head slightly 
narrowed behind the eyes, posterior ocelli half as far again 
from the eyes as from each other, nearer to the hind margin 
of the head than to the eyes. Lateral lobes of the meso- 
notum and the median lobe in front finely and closely 
punctured, from before the middle to the hind margin 
extends a broad and very coarsely reticulated area ; notauli 
developed in front, but disappearing in the reticulated 
space. Pleure more or less coarsely reticulate. Basal 
half of the scutellum occupied by a deep depression, in 
which are several longitudinal carinw, the apical half 
punctured. Median segment coarsely reticulate, with two 
longitudinal carine which do not reach the base, but are 
joined by a curved carina near the base. Abdomen sessile, 
first tergite nearly as long as the rest of the abdomen, nearly 
twice as long as its apical breadth, coarsely rugose-reticulate, 
the median area divided from the lateral areas by a well- 
marked carina on each side; the remaining tergites broader 
than long, smooth and shining. Hind coxe and femora 
rather sparsely punctured, the femora without a spine. 
Second abscissa of the radius a little longer than the first, 
second cubital cell more than twice as long on the cubitus 
as on the radius; nervulus postfurcal. Anal cell of fore 
wing with two transverse nervures, the second indistinct and 
obsolescent. 

Hab. Chapa, Tonkin; June 4, 1916. 

In the condition of the second transverse nervure of the 
anal cell this forms a link between typical Gymnoscelus and 
Cameron’s genus Edyia, which I think must sink as a 
synonym. 


Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 389 


Family Ichneumonide. 


Subfamily Pruprr-x. 
Cyanoxorides erythrothorax, sp. n. 


3. Nigro-crruleus; mandibulis apice, facie linea mediana, tibiis 
posticis, prope basin late albo-annulatis, tarsisque posticis 
nigris ; tegulis pedibusque anticis intermediisque flavo-testaceis ; 
thorace rufo-ferrugineo; mandibulis basi ferrugineis; facie 
utrinque late, macula orbitali utrinque supra antennas, orbitis 
externis; tergitis 3-5 macula angustissima transversa apicali, 
sexto septimoque linea longitudinali mediana albidis; alis 
hyalinis, leviter flavo-suffusis, venis fusco-testaceis. 

Long. 14 mm, 


3g. Very slender. Antenne as long as the whole insect, 
33-jointed, third joint short, only half as long as the fourth ; 
the whole flagellum clothed with upright hairs, the apical 
jeints not bent at an angle to the rest as is the case in the 
females of the genus. Clypeus very short; face closely 
punctured ; front and vertex shining, with small scattered 
punctures, an acute tubercle between the antenne. Pro- 
notum depressed, deeply arched posteriorly, the angles acute, 
but not produced into spines. Mesonotum finely and 
closely punctured on the lateral lobes and on the anterior 
portion of the median lobe; the posterior portion of the 
median lobe reaching broadly to the scutellum and coarsely 
reticulate, with five distinct longitudinal carine ; pleurze 
closely punctured. Scutellum finely punctured, with a 
transverse smooth groove at the base, which is divided by 
a carina. Median segment greenish; the areola not 
divided from the petiolar area ; no basal area ; the external 
area well defined ; the petiolar area transversely striated, 
the remainder of the segment more or less closely punctured ; 
spiracles elliptical. Abdomen very slender; first tergite 
twice as long as the second, whitish at the extreme base, 
coarsely punctured-rugulose, extending beyond the apex of 
the trochanters. Second tergite twice as long as_ broad, 
coarsely punctured ; the basal angles separated by a groove 
and forming small elongate-triangular spaces ; the middle 
of the segment formed into a trapezoidal area bounded by 
deep grooves; third tergite longer than broad, the sculpture 
similar to that of the second tergite, fourth and fifth tergites 
subquadrate, more finely punctured, the median area convex, 
somewhat compressed laterally, making the segment sub- 
carinate longitudinally in the middle ; the two apical tergites 


390 Mr. R. E. Turner on 


with a strong longitudinal carina, the depressed lateral 
spaces smooth and shining. Nervulus prefurcal ; second 
recurrent nervure very feebly curved, received just beyond 
the transverse cubital nervure, nervellus intercepted a little 
below the middle. 

Hab. Luang Prabang; May 15,1915. 1 @. 

The sharp bend near the apex of the antenne in this genus 
seems to be a sexual character, not found in the males. 
The genus does not seem to be separated from Xylonomus by 
any other good character. 


Cyanoxorides vitalisi, sp. n. 


Q. Nigro-eerulea; antennis 28-urticulatis, articulis 12-16 albis, 
articulis 3—5 extus albo-lineatis; orbitis internis late, orbitisque 
externis dimidio inferiore flavidulis ; tergitis primo basi extrema, 
tertio linea apicali in medio, quarto fascia angusta apicali, quinto 
linea apicali utrinque interrupta, sexto lateribus anguste, septi- 
moque linea apicali lateribus dilatata flavo-ochraceis; palpis, 
pedibus anticis intermediisque, tibiisque tarsisque posticis flavo- 
testaceis; alis flavo-hyalinis, venis fuscis; terebra corpore 
cequilonga, valvulis fuscis, dimidio apicali ochraceis, apice 
extremo fuscis. 

Long. 14 mm. 


. 9. Antenne sharply elbowed at the base of the twentieth 
joint, the nineteenth joint with two slender spines at the 
apex, third joint almost as long as the fourth. Clypeus 
very short, face and clypeus closely punctured; front 
shining, smooth in the middle, without a tubercle, the sides 
of the front and the vertex finely punctured. Posterior 
ocelli as far from the eyes as from each other, and twice as 
far from the posterior margin of the head, Angles of the 
pronotum produced into minute tubercles ; mesonotum as 
long as the scutellum, postscutellum, and median segment 
combined, very finely and closely punctured on the lateral 
lobes and on the front of the median lobe, the posterior 
half in the middle broadly, very coarsely, and irregularly 
reticulate. Scutellum very finely punctured, the basal 
transverse groove broad and divided by a low carina. 
Median segment without a basal area, the areola not 
separated from the petiolar area, punctured, spiracles 
elliptical, the spiracular area reticulate. Abdomen rather 
slender, the three basal segments rugulose, the apical 
segments closely and minutely punctured; first tergite 
about twice as long as the second, with two converging 


Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 391 


carine near the apex ; second and third tergites with small 
spaces at the apical angles divided from the rest of the 
segment by an oblique groove, also with a raised space on 
each side diverging obliquely from the base and not reaching 
beyond the middle of the segment ; the second tergite half 
as long again as broad, the third subquadrate. Nervulus 
prefureal ; second recurrent nervure received only just 
beyond the transverse cubital nervure. 

Hab, Chapa, Tonkin ; June 21, 1916. 

Allied to annulicornis, Cam., but differs in the colouring 
of the abdomen and hind legs, also in the Jonger and 
narrower second tergite. 


Cyanoxorides annulicornis, Cam. 


Epirhyssa annulicornis, Cam. Mem. Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soe. xliii. 
p. 133 (1899). 

Xylonomus annulicornis, Morley, Fauna Brit. India, Hymen. iii. p. 80 
(1913). 


If the genus Cyanozorides is kept apart from Xylonomus, 
this species must be included in it, the antenne being sharply 
bent at the base of the twentieth joint. Morley evidently 
does not consider the distinctions as of generic value, though 
he does not discuss the question. 


Hab. Hoabinh, Tonkin; February, 1917. 1 2. e 


Pseudeugalta aspasia, sp. n. 


@. Nigra; antennis 39-articulatis, articulis 10-20 albidis; scapo 
subtus, flagello articulis tribus basalibus subtus, facie, tegulis, 
macula sub tegulis, scutello macula magna, postscutello macula 
transversa, tergitis 1-7 fascia apicali, fascia sexta interrupta, 
tibiis anticis, tarsisque anticis articulis duobus basalibus flavis ; 
coxis, posticis apice nigris, trochanteribus femoribusque anticis 
intermediisque, femoribusque posticis basi testaceis; tibus 
intermediis, tarsis intermediis apice fuscis, tibiis posticis basi 
late, apice angustissime, tarsisque posticis, apice fuscis, albido- 
flavis; alis hyalinis, flavo leviter suffusis; venis fuscis. 

Long. 15 mm.; terebre long. 9 mm. 


9. Hyes strongly convergent towards the clypeus ; face 
very finely punctured, nearly twice as long as its breadth at 
the base of the clypeus. Head subopaque, very finely and 
rather sparsely punctured, widely and shallowly emarginate 
posteriorly, swollen behind the eyes. Mesonotum subopaque, 
finely and closely punctured on the median lobe, much more 
sparsely on the lateral lobes; the median lobe broadly 


392 Mr. R. E. Turner on 


rounded at the apex near the middle of the mesonotum ; 
the apical portion of the mesonotum flattened in the middle 
and with four cu: ved striz, followed by several fine oblique 
strie. Median segment coarsely reticulate, with a distinct 
longitudinal carina both above and below the large spiracle. 
Abdomen subpetiolate ; the first segment nearly twice as 
long as the second ; smooth and shining. Areclet with a 
short petiole, the recurrent nervure received at two-thirds 
from the base ; nervulus interstitial. 

Hab. Muong Yon, Luang Prabang; November 13, 1917. 
Lo 

Very near P. furcifera, Bingh., from Luzon, of which the 
male only is described, but in that species the face is 
distinctly broader, the mesonotum much more strongly 
punctured, the median segment much less coarsely reticulate, 
and the longitudinal carina above the spiracle obsolete. 
I think these differences are specific, not sexual. There is 
also an oblique yellow fascia on the mesopleurz behind in 
P. furcifera, which is absent in aspasia. 


Subfamily IcuwevmonrnZ. 


Holcojoppa flavipennis, Cam. 
Holeojoppa flavipennis, Cam. Entomologist, p. 181 (1902). 9. 


Hab. Vientiane, Laos ; July 30, 1915. 
The localities of the specimens in the British Museum 
collection are Sikkim, Khasi Hills, and Hong Kong. 


Superfamily SPHECOIDEA. 


Subfamily Ampvzicrva. 


Ampulex varicolor, sp. n. 


2. Nigra; segmento mediano, abdomine, mesosterno, coxis, 
femoribusque basi chalybeis ; thorace, segmento mediano lateri- 
bus, clypeo apice, scapo subtus flagelloque articulis 5 basalibus 
rufis; alis hyalinis, anticis cellula radiali cellulisque cubitalibus 
prima apice secundoque basi infuscatis ; venis nigris, vena cubitali 
transversa prima obliterata. 

Long. 15-18 mm. 


@. Mandibles very long and slender. Clypeus very long 
and narrow, convex, but only distinctly carinate near the 
apex, produced at the apex into a broadly rounded process 
with a lateral tooth on each side ; the whole clypeus sparsely 


Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera. 393 


and rather finely punctured. Eyes distinctly convergent 
towards the vertex, where they are separated by a distance 
about equal to the combined length of the third and fourth 
joints of the flagellum, but a little less than the length of 
the second joint of the flagellum. Front with three short, 
almost parallel, longitudinal carinz, not nearly reaching 
the anterior ocellus, the space between the carinze in- 
distinctly obliquely striated ; the front with obscure steely- 
blue patches. Head broadly rounded behind the eyes; 
vertex finely aciculate, opaque, divided by a shallow longi- 
tudinal groove, which extends almost to the posterior ocelli. 
Pronotum longer than broad, with a median sulcus, not 
raised or tuberculate posteriorly, opaque, without distinct 
sculpture. Mesonotum and scutellum subopaque, almost 
smooth, pleurz finely and irregularly rugulose. Median 
segment a little longer than its median breadth, with the 
usual carine, the space between the carine strongly trans- 
versely striated, the third and fourth carine convergent at 
the base, the teeth at the apical angles of the segment very 
short and blunt. Second tergite a little longer than its 
greatest breadth ; abdomen smooth and shining. Penulti- 
mate joint of the hind tarsi not extending as far as the 
middle of the apical joint. Fore wing with two cubital cells ; 
second transverse cubital nervure reaching the radius at a 
distance from the apex of the radial cell equal to about half 
the length of the first transverse cubital nervure. 

Hab. Annam, Kengtrap; November 27, 1917; Xieng 
Khouang, Ban Sai, December 8, 1918 (type). 

The colouring and the exceedingly elongate clypeus render 
this species very conspicuous. In colour it is nearest to 
A. ruficornis, Cam., but differs in the steel-blue colour of 
the median segment and abdomen, in details of sculpture, 
and in the much greater size. I doubt if it belongs to the 
same group as 4. ruficornis, both seem to mimic roughly 
the colouring of Sima rufonigra. 


Subfamily Parzayruiv2z. 


Cerceris tonkinensis, sp. u. 


3. Brunneo-ferrugineus ; capite, mesosterno, coxis basi, femoribus 
posticis, tibiisque posticis, basi ochraceis, nigris; vertice, antennis, 
mandibulis basi, clypeoque apice fusco-ferrugineis; tegulis, 
pedibus, segmento mediano macula magna utrinque areaque 
basali flavo-ochraceis ; segmento abdominali primo lateribus et 
subtus, tergitis 1-6 fascia apicali, sternito secundo subtus, 


Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 29 


594 On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera. 


sternitisque 3-6 fascia transversa flavis; alis flavo-hyalinis, venis 
ferrugineis; clypeo apice dentibus tribus minutis armato ; 
segmento mediano area basali nitida, impunctata; sternito 
secundo area basali elevata nulla; petiolo latitudine longiore ; 
sternito sexto angulis apicalibus dente armato. 

Long. 13 mm. 


d. Antenne inserted a little more than half as far again 
from the anterior ocellus as from the base of the clypeus ; 
the interantennal carina short, but strong; face below the 
antenne and the clypeus with large sparse punctures; middle 
lobe of the clypeus much longer than its greatest breadth. 
Apical joint of the flagellum distinctly, but not very strongly 
curved, scarcely longer than the penultimate, and truncate at 
the apex. Vertex, temples, mesonotum, and mesopleurze 
closely and rather strongly punctured ; scutellum and median 
segment rather less closely punctured; postscutellum very 
sparsely punctured. Abdomen rather deeply but not closely 
punctured; the first segment longer than its greatest breadth 
and strongly narrowed at the apex; sternites smooth; 
pygidial area parallel-sided, nearly twice as long as broad, 
truncate at the apex, sparsely punctured. 

Hab. Tonkin; May, 1917. 

The spines at the apex of the sixth sternite are short, the 
species resembles C. vigilans, Sm., in the form of the clypeus 
and pygidial area. 


Philanthus angustatus, sp. u. 


3. Niger; clypeo apice anguste, macula curvata inter antennas, 
pronoto margine postico, tegulis, callis humeralibus, scutello 
macula magna, postscutello macula parva transversa, tergito 
secundo macula apicali transversa utrinque, tergitis 3-5 fascia 
angusta apicali, tibiis anticis intermediisque supra, tarsisque 
flavis; articulis tarsalibus apice nigris; alis hyalinis, venis 
nigris ; abdomine petiolato. 

Long. 10 mm. 


3. Clypeus very broadly rounded anteriorly, closely 
punctured, and clothed with long whitish hairs, a row of 
stout blackish sete springing from beneath the clypeus. 
Head very closely punctured-rugulose, opaque; posterior 
ocelli nearly twice as far from each other as from the eyes. 
Antenne very little longer than the thorax without the 
median segment, the apical joint rounded at the apex. 
Thorax and median segment closely and rather strongly 
punctured. Abdomen sparsely punctured ; first tergite more 


On the Myrtapoda of Ulster. 395 


than half as long again as the second, forming a slender 
petiole, gradually widened towards the apex, where it is 
nearly twice as broad as at the base; second tergite at the 
apex at least four times as broad as the apex of the first. 
Second transverse cubital nervure almost vertical. ‘arsi 
‘very slender, much longer than the tibie. 

Hab, Chapa, Tonkin ; June 5,1916. 1 @. 

This approaches the genus Trachypus in the petiolate form 
of the first tergite; but has not the sharply truncate apical 
antennal joint characteristic of that genus. It is, however, 
very distinct in the form of the petiole from any Oriental 
Philanthus. The two species described by Bingham from 
Aden under Trachypus (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xii. 
p. 107, 1898) belong to Philanthus, and have not the petiolate 
abdomen of this species. 


SUIUT.—A List of the Myriapoda of Ulster. 
By Nevin H. Fosrer, F.L.S., M.R.LA. 


THE word Myriapoda as here used must be merely understood 
as a convenient designation for an assemblage of many- 
legged arthropods. Prof. Carpenter has shown * that the 
time-honoured “ Class Myriapoda” of P. A. Latreille ought 
to disappear from systematic zoology, and ‘that the Orders 
embraced in this old Class are each worthy of Class rank. 

In the compilation of this list the following papers &c. 
have been consulted :—Loudon’s Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1836, 
p- 12; “Irish Myriapoda” (Pocock), ‘Irish Naturalist,’ 


bution of Symphyla” (Foster), zbid. vol. xxiv. ; ‘‘ Notes on 
Myriapoda ” (Brade and Birks), bid. vol. xxv.; B. N. F.C. 
‘ Proceedings,’ ser. 2, vol. vii. ; Royal Irish Academy ‘ Pro- 
ceedings,’ vol. xxxi.; &c. 

It is remarkable that Thompson’s ‘Natural History of 
Treland’ contains no reference to the Myriapoda. The fourth 
volume, which includes the Invertebrates, was published 
in 1856, twenty years after Templeton’s notes appeared iu 
Loudon’s ‘ Magazine.’ 


* ‘Trish Naturalist,’ vol. xxv. p. 164. 
2o% 


396 Mr. N. H. Foster on 


Practically all the specimens included in this list have been 
collected by a few members of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field 
Club, and from time to time have been identified by Dr. and 
the Rev. 8. Graham Brade-Birks, Dr. H. W. Brélemann, 
Dr. A. Randell Jackson, the Rev. W. F. Johnson, Messrs. 
R. I. Pocock and R. 8. Bagnall, and the late Lieut. C. M. 
Selbie ; and to them thanks are due for the examination of 
the collections sent them. Further, we tender our thanks to 
Dr. R. F. Scharff, who has kindly permitted the extraction 
of Selbie’s unpublished notes preserved in the National 
Museum, Dublin. 

Exclusive of one exotic species (see p. 406) taken in a 
warm greenhouse, 55 species of Myriapods have been found 
in Ireland, and of these 52 have been identified from the 
Province of Ulster. It may be, as will be mentioned in the 
following notes, that doubt exists as to the validity of some 
of these species being included in the Irish list, but pending 
future investigation it has been considered advisable to cite 
them. 

The subjoined table gives the number of species recorded 
from each of our county divisions :— 


Table showing number of Species of Myriapoda recorded from 
each Ulster County Division. 


Cavan suipas 14 species. Tyron@iab ye 18 species. 
Monaghan.... 16 ,, ATMAGH jah oc BBP ry 
Fermanagh, ,, 11 ;, Downs i vmeae Sop an 
Donegal East . 13 __s,, AAEM cise oles ats 
Donegal West. 18 __,, Londonderry... 22 __,, 


As will be observed, the records from some of the county 
divisions are somewhat meagre, and in them doubtless many 
species await discovery. But as it appears unlikely that 
exhaustive collections will be undertaken in the near future, 
it has been considered advisable to publish the present list as 
a basis for future workers. It will be noted that the largest 
of the Ulster counties—Donegal—has been divided into East 
and West divisions in accordance with Praeger’s scheme *. 
These two divisions are separated by a line running N.H. 
and §.W. from the head of Donegal Bay to the head of 
Lough Swilly, dividing the Baronies of Bannagh, Boylagh, 
and Kilmacrenan from Tirhugh, Raphoe, and Inishowen. 


* “Tyish Topographical Botany,” R.I. Acad. Proceedings, 3rd ser. 
vol. vii. (1901). 


the Myriapoda of Ulster. 397 


The nomenclature adopted in this paper differs considerably 
(particularly in the Diplopoda) from that used in former 
papers on the Irish Myriapods, and we must express our 
thanks to Dr. Hilda K. and the Rev. S. Graham Brade-Birks, 
who have kindly rendered much assistance in bringing it into 
line with the conclusions of modern research in the group. 
References to the synonymy given in the subjoined list will 
render comparison of this with former papers a matter of 


little difficulty. 


ANNOTATED LIST OF THE MyRIAPODA OF ULSTER. 


Class CHIZLOPODA (CENTIPEDES). 
Order EPIMORPHA, 
Family Lithobide. 
Lithobius forficatus (Linné). 


This species is common everywhere throughout the pro- 
vince. Doubtless the same will prove true for Ireland, 
although its presence in only 14 county divisions of the 40 
has hitherto been recorded. 


Lithobius variegatus, Leach. 


This is the largest of the Irish centipedes, and, like the 
preceding species, is common everywhere in Ulster. It still 
awaits discovery in 17 county divisions of the other provinces. 


Lithobius melanops, Newport (= L. glabratus, C. L. Koch). 


Probably occurs throughout Ireland, having been recorded 
from 17 county divisions in all the provinces. In Ulster it 
has been found in Donegal E., Donegal W., Armagh, Down, 
Antrim, and Londonderry. 


Lithobius agilis, C. Li. Koch. 
The only Ivish records for this species are from Coolmore, 


Donegal E., and Acton Wood, Armagh. 


Lithobius borealis, Meinert. 


The inclusion of this species is somewhat doubtful, as in 
the past it appears to have been confounded with the next 
species. All the available Irish specimens on re-examination 


398 Mr. N. H. Foster on 


_ have proved to be LZ. lapidicola. It had been recorded from 
Cavan, Fermanagh, Donegal E., Armagh, and Antrim in 
Ulster, but the specimens on which these records were based 
cannot now be produced. Regarding its Britannic status, 
Bagnall says that a Lancashire example is truly referable to 
this species, most, if not all, other records of borealis being 
referable to lapidicola *. 


Lithobius lapidicola, Meinert. 


The Ulster localities for this species are Murray’s Wood 
(Coalisland), Tyrone, and Ballynahinch and Ballymagee, 
Down. Elsewhere in Ireland it has been taken in Wicklow 
and Sligo, but, as stated above, it is probable that the Irish 
records for LZ. borealis should be referable to this species. 


Lithobius (Monotarsobius) crassipes, C. L. Koch. 


_ This species has been obtained in Monaghan, Armagh, 
Down, Antrim, and Londonderry. Outside Ulster it has 
only been recorded from Co. Louth. 


Lithobius (Monotarsobius) microps, Meinert. 


Specimens taken at Ballyquintin Point, Down, and Falca- 
ragh, Donegal W., were among the last Myriapods examined 
by Selbie prior to his departure from Dublin to serve and 
die for his country. As at this time the distinction between 
this species and the closely allied Z. duboscqut was not 
recognized by him and earlier workers, it is almost certain 
that the foregoing should have been allocated to the latter 
species, and it is unfortunate that the specimens cannot now 
be traced. 


Lithobius (Monotarsobius) duboscqui, Brélemann. 


This species was first detected in Ireland in 1914, froma 
specimen taken in Co. Carlow, but it was afterwards found 
that the few specimens labelled ZL. mierops in the National 
Museum, Dublin, should have been named ZL, duboscqui. 
The Ulster records are Raughlan (Lough Neagh), Armagh; 
Ballyquintin Point and Hillsborough, Down ; and Antrim 
Town and Whitepark Bay, Antrim. ‘The specimen taken at 
Raughlan has been referred to the var. fostert Tt. 


* Journ. Zool. Research, vol. iii. (1918). 
~ ‘Trish Naturalist,’ vol. xxviii. p. 4. 


the Myriapoda of Ulster. 399 


Lamyctes fulvicornis, Meinert (= Henicops fulvicorats 
(Meinert)). 


This species has been found at Aghlabeg, Donegal W. ; 
Maghery and Raughlan (both on the shore of Lough Neagh), 
Armagh ; Ballymagee, Down ; and Belfast, Torr Head, and 
Ballycastle, Antrim. Elsewhere in Ireland it has been 
recorded from Kerry 8., Carlow, Meath, Roscommon, and 


Mayo W. 


Order ANAMORPHA. 
Family Scolopendride. 


Cryptops hortensis, Leach. 


Only recorded from six Ivish county divisions, this species 
is probably rare. In Ulster it has been taken.in Magee’s 
Nursery (Knock), Down, where it may have been doubtfully 
native, and at Ballycastle and Cranmore (Belfast), Antrim— 
the latter one of Templeton’s old records. 


Family Geophilide. 


Geophilus carpophagus, Leach (= G. sodalis, Bergsoe & 
Meinert= G. condylogaster, Latzel), 


Apparently not uncommon in Ulster, having been recorded 
from numerous localities in those counties which have been 
best searched. It has been found in Fermanagh, Tyrone, 
Armagh, Down, Antrim, and Londonderry. 


Geophilus longicornis, Leach (=? G. flavus, de Geer). 


Probably common throughout Ireland, but only recorded 
from sixteen county divisions. In this province it has been 
taken in Cavan, Monaghan, Tyrone, Down, Antrim, and 
Londonderry. 


Geophilus proximus, C. L. Koch. 


This is another species whose presence in Ireland is open 
to doubt, as the older workers did not appear to differentiate 
between it and G. insculptus. The records, however, which 
cannot now be authenticated, are from Cavan, Monaghan, 
Down, Antrim, and Londonderry. 


400 Mr. N. H. Foster on 


Geophilus insculptus, Attems. 


As stated above, it is probable that all the Irish records 
for G. proaimus should have been allotted to this species *. 
The only Ulster specimens about which no doubt obtains 
were taken in Hillsborough Park, Down. Elsewhere in 
Ireland it has been verified from Co. Wicklow. 


Geophilus electricus (Linné). 


The only Ulster record for this species is by Templeton— 
Cranmore (Belfast), Antrim. It has also been found in the 
counties of Mayo W. and Leitrim in the province of Con- 
naught. 


Brachygeophilus truncorum (Meinert) (= Geophilus truncorum, 
Meinert). 


This species has only hitherto been found in nine Irish 
counties, and of these four are in Ulster, viz., Monaghan, 
Tyrone, Down, and Antrim. 


Scolioplanes crassipes (C. L. Koch) (= Linotemia 
crassipes, O. L. Koch). 


The only Ulster record for this species is from A TEES 
Co. Armagh. 


Scolioplanes maritimus (Leach) (= Linotemia maritima, 


Leach), 


This is a coastal species and has been found in Donegal E., 
Donegal W., and Down. Outside Ulster it has been recorded 
in Ireland icon six county divisions. 


Schendyla nemorensis (C. L. Koch) (= Hydroschendyla 


submarinus, Grube). 


For this we have only four Ulster records, viz., Glenveagh, 
Donegal W.; Poyntzpass, Armagh ; Whitepark Bay, 
Antrim ; and Banagher, Londonderry. 


Stigmatogaster subterraneus (Leach). 
Is probably widely distributed in Ireland. In Ulster it 


* Vide “ Notes on Myriapoda,” Irish Naturalist, vol. xxvii. p. 27. 


the Myriapoda of Ulster. 401 


has been found in Cavan, Monaghan, Armagh, Down, and 
Antrim, 


Class DIPLOPODA (MILLEPEDEs). 
Order PSELAPHOGNATHA. 
Family Polyxenida. 
Polyxenus lagurus (Linné). 


The only Ulster record for this species is by the late H. L. 
Orr, who found it under the bark of a tree at Old Forge, 
Dunmurry, Co. Antrim. Elsewhere in Ireland it has been 
found in the counties of Dublin and Wicklow. In the latter 
county the writer found four specimens under a stone on 


Bray Head. 


Order CHILOGNATHA. 
Family Glomerida. 


Glomeris marginata (Villers). 


With the exception of Cavan this species has been taken 
in all the Ulster county divisions, where it proves to be 
common, as doubtless obtains throughout Ireland, though it 
is as yet unrecorded from eighteen county divisions. Being 
able to roll itself up into a perfect ball, it is known as the 
pill-millepede. 


Family Tulida. 
Iulus ligulifer, Latzel (=J. scandinavicus, Latzel). 


This species is apparently not common, In Ulster it has 
been recorded from Cavan; Dunfanaghy, Donegal W. ; 
Armagh; Ballynahinch, Ballymagee, and Hillsborough, 
Down; several stations round the coast from Cushendall 
_to Whitepark Bay, Antrim; and Banagher and Dungiven, 
Londonderry. Outside Ulster the only Irish records are 
from Wicklow and Leitrim. 


Lulus (Ophiiulus) fallax, Meinert. 


This is a common species occurring in numerous localities 
in all the Ulster counties except Cavan, where doubtless it 
will eventually be found, 


402 Mr. N. H. Foster on 


Tachypodotulus albipes (C. L. Koch) (= ulus albipes, C. L. 


Koch=J. transversosulcatus, am Stein=? I. niger, Leach). 


One of the commonest of our millepedes and widely distri- 
buted throughout Ulster, though as yet unrecorded from 
Donegal W. It is strange that from the other provinces this 
species has, with the exception of Sligo and Leitrim, only 
been recorded from the eastern counties, viz., Wexford, 
Carlow, Wicklow, Dublin, Meath, and Louth; and the more. 
so as, owing to its large size, it is not readily overlooked. 


Cylindroiulus silvarum, Meinert (=Tulus silvarum, Meinert 
=? J. punctatus, Leach). 


This is another very common species, and is recorded from 
numerous localities in all the Ulster county divisions except 
Donegal E. 


~ Cylindroiulus luridus (C. L. Koch) (=J. luridus, 
C. Li. Koch). 


The only Ulster, indeed Britannic, records for this species 
are from Co. Armagh, all of them being in the neighbourhood 
of Poyntzpass. 


Cylindroiulus londenensis teutonicus (Pocock) 
(=T. teutonicus, Pocock). 


This species has been taken at Whitepark Bay, Co. An- 
trim—the only Ulster record. It has been found elsewhere 
in Ireland on the Great Blasket Island, Kerry 8., and at 
Delphi, Mayo W. 


Cylindroiulus britannicus (Verhoeft) (=Julus luscus of some 
authors; J. luscus of Meinert is not recognizable). 

As I. luscus this species has been recorded from numerous 
stations throughout Ireland, including all the Ulster counties 
except Londonderry. It is, however, possible that some of 
these are erroneous and should be referable to the following 
Species. 


Cylindrotulus frisius (Verhoeff). 


This species has been only taken with certainty once in 
Ireland, viz., at Rosapenna, Donegal W., in 1913, but the 
collection was only examined a few months ago. 


the Myriapoda of Ulster. 403 


Brachyiulus (Microbrachyiulus) pusillus (Leach) 
(=B., (AL) littoralis, Verhoef). 


In Ulster this species has recently been found near 
Stewartstown, Tyrone; at Ballymagee, Down; and Gawley’s 
Gate (Lough Neagh), Antrim. These specimens had been 
recorded * as new to Ireland, but on Bagnall’s showing that 
this species is identical with Judus pusillus, Leach, a correcting 
paragraph | appeared afterwards. Older records, as Julus 
pusillus from Cranmore, Belfast (Templeton), and Slemish, 
Antrim, and The Spa, Ballynahinch, Down, are probably 
referable to this species. Elsewhere in Ireland J. pusillus 


has been recorded from Mayo W., Sligo, and Louth. 


Schizophyllum sabulosum (Linné) (= ulus sabulosus, 


Linné). 


This large and handsome millepede does not seem to be 
common in Ireland. The Ulster localities in which it has 
been found are Bundoran, Donegal E.; Navan Fort, 
Armagh; Cranmore (Belfast) and Kinbane, Antrim; and 
near Toome, Londonderry. Outside this province there are 
records from Carlow, Galway W., King’s Co., Wicklow, 
Dublin, and Leitrim, 


Family Protoiulide. 


Trichoblaniulus guttulatus (Bosc) (= Blaniulus guttulatus 
(Bose) =? Zulus pulchellus, Leach). 


The Ulster records for this species are confined to four 
counties, viz., Stewartstown, Tyrone ; Hillsborough, Knock, 
and Kilkeel, Down ; Whiterock and Templepatrick, Antrim ; 
and Benevenagh, Londonderry. It has been recorded from 
ten other Irish counties. 


Amstemia fuscus (am Stein) (= Blaniulus fuscus, am Stein). 


Recorded from fifteen Irish counties, this species has been 
found in six of these in Ulster. ‘The localities are Glaslough, 
Monaghan ; Gweedore and Cratlagh, Donegal W.; Acton 
Glebe, Armagh; Dromantine, Belvoir Park, Ballynahinch, 


* “Trish Naturalist,’ vol. xxvi. p. 28. 
+ Ibid. vol. xxvii, p. 5. 


404 Mr. N. H. Foster on 


Lisnagade, Castlereagh Hills, Hillsborough, and Gilford, 
Down ; and Kinbane Head and Plantation Port, Antrim ; 
and Benevenagh, Londonderry. It may be advisable to state 
that the examination of ¢ specimens is necessary for a 
definite diagnosis of this species. 


Nopotulus venustus (Meinert) (= Blaniulus venustus 


Meinert =? Zulus pulchellus, C. L. Koch). 


With the exception of Mayo W. this species has not been 
found in Ireland outside Ulster. In this province it has been 
obtained at Virginia, Cavan; Baronscourt, Tyrone; Acton 
Wood and Poyntzpass, Armagh; Dromantine, Knock, 
Newtownards, and Hillsborough, Down ; Cranmore (Belfast) 
and Randalstown, Antrim ; and Banagher, Londonderry. 


Tsobates varicornis (C. L. Koch). 


The only Irish records for this species are from the demesne 
and park, Hillsborough, Co. Down. 


Polymicrodon polydesmoides (Leach) (= Atraetasoma poly- 
desmoides (Leach)= A. latzeli, Verhoett= Polymicrodon 
latzeli, Verhoett). 


This species has been found in all the Ulster counties 
except Cavan. Outside this province it has been seldom 
detected in Ireland, there being only a few records from 
Kerry 8., Dublin, Longford, Roscommon, Sligo, and Leitrim. 


Craspedosoma rawlinsit, Leach (= C. simile, Verhoeff, 
nec Attems). 


Apparently one of our rarer species, this has been obtained 
at Rossmore demesne, Monaghan; Armagh; Ballymagee, 
Downpatrick, and Hillsborough, Down ; Cushendall, Antrim ; 
and Banagher, Londonderry. Outside Ulster it has been 
recorded from one locality each in Cork E., Wicklow, 
Dublin, and Leitrim. 


Family Polydesmide. 


Brachydesmus superus, Latzel. 


This species has been recorded from all the Ulster county 
divisions except Monaghan and Fermanagh, but Dr. and the 


the Myriapoda of Ulster. 405 


Rey. Brade-Birks consider it probable that the forma typica 
is not found in this country and that these may all be referable 
to the next variety. 


Brachydesmus superus mosellanus, Verhoeft. 


Verhoeff has shown that this differs from typical B. superus, 
and specimens taken near Stewartstown, T'yrone; Bally- 
magee, Down; and Gawley’s Gate (Lough Neagh), Antrim, 
agree with his description. 


Polydesmus complanatus (Linné). 


We have records of this species from Glaslough, Monaghan ; 
Dunfanaghy, Donegal W. ; Acton Wood, Armagh ; Belvoir 
Park and Kilkeel, Down; Belfast and Slemish, Antrim ; 
and Banagher and Dungiven, Londonderry. 


Polydesmus gallicus, Latzel. 


This species has been found at Virginia, Cavan; Armagh ; 
and Randalstown, Antrim. 


Polydesmus denticulatus, C. L. Koch. 


Apparently not common here, but we have records for this 
species from Hillsborough, Down; Murlough Bay, Antrim ; 
and Benevenagh, Londonderry. From the rest of Ireland it 
has been obtained in Co. Wicklow and in two localities in 
Co. Leitrim. 


Polydesmus edentulus, C. L. Koch. 


The only Irish records for this species are from Poyntzpass, 
Armagh ; and Belfast, Antrim. 


Polydesmus coriaceus, Porat. 


This species has been found in Ulster at Balieborough, 
Cavan ; Hillsborough and Ballymagee, Down ; Carr’s Glen, 
Murlough Bay, and Torr Head, Antrim ; and Benevenagh, 
Londonderry. A specimen taken by Mrs. Stelfox at Mur- 


406 On the Myriapoda of Ulster. 


lough Bay was referred by Selbie* to his var. securiformis, 
but Dr. and the Rev. Brade-Birks do not consider this a true 
variety. 


[ Orthomorpha gracilis (C. L. Koch) (= Paradesmus gracilis, 
C. Li: Koch): 


Although doubtless an exotic species artificially introduced, 
nevertheless itis included here from a specimen obtained in 


Magee’s Nursery, Knock, C». Down.] 


Class PAUROPODA. 


No specimens belonging to this Class have as yet been 
discovered in Ireland. 


Class SY MPHYLA. 
Family Scolopendrellidz. 
Subfamily Scvrrenrerriwz. 


Scutigerella immaculata (Newport) (= Scolopendrella 
immaculata, Newport). 


This species is apparently not uncommon in Ulster, 
having been recorded from south shore of Lough Erne, 
Fermanagh ; Falearagh, Donegal W.; Coalisland, Tyrone ; 
Poyntzpass, Armagh; Hillsborough, Ballynahinch, Ban- 
bridge, Cultra, Kilkeel, Ballyquintin Point, Ballymacormack 
Point, Ballymagee, and Gilford, Down ; and Glenshesk, 
Cushendall, Glenarm, and Antrim town, Antrim. It has 
been recorded from each of- the other three provinces, and 
with the exception of one other is the only species of 
Symphylla hitherto found in Ireland outside Ulster. | 


Scutigerella spinipes, Bagnall. 


Poyntzpass, Armagh ; and Glenshesk and Antrim town, 
Antrim, are the only Irish records for this species. 


Scutigerella biscutata, Bagnall. 
Doubtless this species will eventually prove not rare. Its 


* Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xii. (1918). 


Prof. S. Maulik on new Hispine. 407 


Ulster localities hitherto discovered are Poyntzpass, Ar- 
magh ; Ballynahinch, Banbridge, Kilkeel, and Hillsborough, 
Down; and Portmore, Glenshesk, and Cushendall, Antrim, 
Outside Ulster it has been taken at Carlingford, Co. Louth. 


Subfamily ScoropenprerrinZ. 


Scolopendrellopsis subnuda (Hansen), 


Murlough Bay and Cushendall, Antrim, are the only Irish 
localities in which this species has hitherto been found. 


Symphylella delicatula (Bagnall). 


This species has been obtained at Poyntzpass, Armagh ; 


and Hillsborough and Kilkeel, Down. 


Symphylella vulgaris (Hansen). 


Our only Irish records for this species are from Corry’s Glen 
and The Park, both in the neighbourhood of Hillsborough, 
Co. Down. 


XLIV.—WNew Hispine. By 8S. Mautir, Professor of 
Zoology in the University ot Calcutta. 


THIS paper contains descriptions of three new Hispids—two 
from Africa and one from Arabia. The African insects are 
interesting because they belong to genera—JA/onochirus and 
Phidodonta—which have hitherto been confined to the 
Oriental region. 

The structure of the claws is one of the important characters 
which are used for the recognition of the genera of the spiny 
Hispids. Sometimes these claws are so minute (as in the 
case of the insects dealt with here) that it is difficult to observe 
them under a dissecting microscope. A balsam preparation 
is therefore necessary. In making such a preparation one 
finds that it is troublesome to put the dissected claw on its 
dorsal surface (which is convex) to facilitate observation of 
the ventral side (which is concave). This difficulty is over- 
come by imbedding the claw first in collodion, The claw is 
run up to absolute alcohol and then through a half-and-half 


408 Prof. 8. Maulik on new Hispine. 


mixture of oil of cloves and alcohol into a collodion syrup. 
It is then transferred to a little cell on a glass-slide, and the 
cell filled with the syrup. When this has been set in cedar 
oil a thin strip containing the embedded claw is cut off. This 
strip can be handled easily, and that side can be put up which 
shows the ventral surface of the claws. A balsam preparation 
can now be made of the strip of collodion, which is perfectly 
transparent. Collodion for embedding is made by mixing a 
concentrated alcohol-ether solution of celloidin or other nitro- 
cellulose with enough clove oil to make a thin syrup. For 
an account of orientating minute objects reference should be 
made to Mr. H. G. Newth’s paper entitled “ On the Orienta- 
tion of Minute Objects for the Microtome” (Quart. Journ. 
Miers Set. 1919). 


Monochirus capensis, sp. n. 


Body oblong. Black. Prothorax opaque, elytra subnitid. 
The first joint of antennz with a dorsal spine. The claws 
single, pointed. The front margin of the prothorax with two 
pairs of spines, each lateral margin with a pair of spines 
followed by a single spine. The elytra with numerous spines 
on the dorsal surface as well as along the margin. 

Head broad, rugose ; eyes convex, with a row of silvery 
hairs round them. The antenne are almost as long as the 
head and prothorax ; the first joint is the largest, armed with 
a large dorsal pointed spine, the second rounded, third to 
sixth gradually decreasing in length; the five apical joints 
forming a moderately thickened club covered with brownish 
pubescence, the six basal joints granulate with a few scat- 
tered hairs. Prothorax transverse, with the surface rugose, 
sparsely covered with scale-like hairs, and with a longitu- 
dinal impression along the middle. There are two shallow 
transverse depressions across the surface, the one along the 
base being deeper than the one in front. On the front 
margin there are two pairs of straight and pointed spines 
which are equal in length. Hach side has three pointed 
spines of almost equal length, the front two having a common 
base and the third ata little distance behind them. Scu- 
tellum broad, granulate, with the apex truncate. lytra a 
little broader than the prothorax at base, more shiny, punc- 
tate-striate, the punctures being deep and rounded. On each 
elytron there are roughly three principal rows of pointed 
spines, three or four on the apical area being larger and 
stouter. There is a short sutural row of smaller spines. 


Prof. 8S. Maulik on new Hispine. 409 


Approximately each disc has altogether about forty-five spines 
including the smaller sutural ones. Each margin from the 
humeral to the apical sutural angle has about twenty pointed 
spines of equal length equally distant from each other, except 
three on the apical area, which are larger and_stouter. 
Underside dull, with scattered white hairs. The femora 
without teeth on the underside. Mid-tibie slightly curved ; 
the tarsi are long ; the claw-joint projects beyond the bilobed 
joint. 

Length 44 mm. 

Cape of Good Hope, Table Mt. (W. Bevins) (type). 

Type in the British Museum. 

There are three more specimens, more or less imperfect, 
strongly resembling the type-specimen, with the following 
label :—‘* Howick, Natal (J. P. Cregoe).’’ Much reliance 
should not be placed on the authenticity of this locality. 


Acmenychus planus, sp. 0. 


Body oblong, black, subnitid. The first joint of antennze 
with a long dorsal spine. The claws fused together and as 
broad at base as at the apex. Lach side of the prothorax 
with three single spines. ‘Two pairs of spines on the front 
margin are so far apart that they may be regarded as almost 
lateral. ‘The dorsal side of the elytra without any prominent 
well-defined ribs or tubercles. 

Head broad rugose, with an interantennal ridge and a row 
of silvery hairs encircling each eye. Covllar very finely 
granulate. The first joint of the antenne is the largest, the 
second small and rounded, the third to sixth of gradually 
diminishing length, The six basal joints are subnitid, 
strongly sulcate, and with a few scattered silvery hairs; the 
five apical joints form an elongate club and are covered with 
brownish pubescence. Prothorax almost as broad as long, 
broadest across the middle and slightly narrowed anteriorly 
and posteriorly. The sides are rounded. ‘The surface is 
rugose, with scattered silvery adpressed hairs and with a 
longitudinal smoother area with an impressed median line. 
There are also two shallow transverse depressions, the poste- 
rior one being deeper than the anterior, Scutel/um quadrate, 
with apex rounded, the surface very finely granulate. Hlytra 
broader than the prothorax at the base, punctate-striate ; the 
punctures, coalescing, become larger and coarser in the middle 
and in the apical area. Comparatively speaking, there are 
no prominently raised coste ; on the other hand, the inter- 
stices are not quite plain on the apical area of the disc—they 


Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. iv. 30 


410 Prof. 8. Maulik on new Hispinee. 


show rudimentary tubercles in some places. Hach lateral 
margin has about twenty-seven or twenty-eight teeth-like 
small spines in a row on the apical margin, there being seven 
or eight spines of increasing lengths, although the sutural 
one is smaller than the next outer one. Underside shining, 
sparsely covered with whitish hairs. The femora bear minute 
teeth on the underside. The mid-tibie curved. The tarsi 
large. 

Length 6 mm. 

Arabia (type). 

Type in the British Museum. 

There are four more specimens from Turcomania, Kurdestan 
(Milligen), which strongly resemble the type-specimen, but 
one of them has the foremost lateral spine doubled, so that 
instead of three single spines on each side there is a pair ona 
common base followed by two single ones. This is evidently 
un instance of abnormality. 

This species differs from ¢nermis, Zoubkoff, and patanine, 
Weise, in not having prominent coste bearing spines on the 
elytra and in having three single spines on each side of the 
prothorax, and from the latter particularly in not possessing 
a spine on the second joint of the antenne. 


Phidodonta chirinda, sp. u. 


Body elongate, small, black, subnitid, or opaque. The 
large dorsal spine on the first joint of the antenne, the great 
distance between the two pairs of spines on the front border 
of the prothorax (so that they may be regarded as almost lateral, 
pointing sideways), the equal, completely separate, and pointed 
claws, the absence of spines on the elytra, the minute teeth on 
the lateral margin, and four or five large spines on the apical 
margin of the elytra—all these characters (which are possessed 
by this species) separate the genus Phidodonta from all other 
genera of the Hispine. This insect, therefore, extends 
Phidodonta to the African region. 

Head broad, rugose, with a longitudinal deep impression 
along the middle, and with a row of silvery hairs round each 
eye. The first joint of the antenne is the largest and bears a 
dorsal spine, the third joint is longer than the second, which 
is rounded; fourth, fifth, and sixth rounded and almost equal; 
these joints are rough and bear a few bristly hairs; the five 
apical joints form a thickened club and are covered with 
brownish pubescence. Prothorax slightly longer than broad, 
with the surface rugose, scattered over with whitish adpressed 


Bibliographical Notices. All 


hairs, and with a smoother longitudinal area having a faint 
impression along the middle. There are two transverse 
shallow depressions across the surface. On each side there 
are three small, blunt, horizontal spines, the front two having 
a common base and the third separate. On the front margin, 
and situated on each side not very far in front of the anterior 
two of the lateral spines, are two small, blunt, and horizontal 
spines contiguous at the base. Scutel/um broad, with apex 
rounded, and the surface very finely granulate. Elytra broader 
at the base than the prothorax, moreshining than the prothorax, 
punctate-striate, the punctures being deep and rounded, The 
whole surface is tubereulate, the tubercles being more promi- 
nent on the apical area. Hach lateral margin with about 
eighteen minute teeth, each apical margin with four or five 
spines of gradually increasing length. Underside subnitid, 
mid-tibiz curved. Claws minute, but distinctly separate and 
brown. 

Length 33-4 mm. 

Mt. Chirinda, 8.E. Mashonaland, Nov., Dec. 1901 (@. A. AK, 
Marshall) (type); 1 specimen. Gazaland, Dec. 1901; 2 — 
specimens. Upper Buzi River, 8.E. Mashonaland, 25.ix.1905 
(G. A. K. Marshall) ; 3 specimens. 

Type in the British Museum. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES, 


Studies on Acart.—No.1. The Genus Demodex, Owen. By Srantey 
Hirst. Published by Order of the Trustees of the British 
Museum (Natural History). London,1919, iii-44 pp., 13 plates, 
and 4 text-figures. Price 10s. 


Turs memoir, dealing with skin parasites of microscopic size, 
represents the first part of the Author’s studies on parasitic Acari. 
Although the detection of these creatures is not easy—living, as 
they do, embedded in the skin of their hosts,—Mr. Hirst has had 
considerable success in finding his material, and has thus sub- 
stantially extended our knowledge of mammalian hosts affected by 
this particular form of parasite. 

The matter is well arranged ; the first few pages are devoted to 
an outline of the frequency of occurrence and effects of the 
Parasitism on the Host, dealing with Demodew and Man, and 
Follicular or Demodectic Mange of the Dog (and its treatment), 
Cat, Horse, Cattle, Pig, and the Goat. Then follows a brief 


toh) 


GZ Bibliographical Notices. 


historic account, a discussion on the origin and affinities of the 
family, and an important account of the external Morphology and 
Taxonomy, whilst the rest of the memoir is devoted to the syste- 
matic treatment of the genus. It is unfortunate that a Bibliography 
had been omitted (due to its length and the high cost of printing 
and paper). 

Mr. Hirst has demonstrated that the genital opening of the male 
is dorsal and situated well forward on the cephalothorax, and, 
basing his argument chiefly upon this fact, he suggests that the 
family is probably a degenerate branch of the Cheletidee, thus 
isolating it from the Tetrapoda (Eriophyide) and suggesting a 
closer relationship between the Thrombidiide (or, as is still more 
widely used, Trombidiide) and Sarcoptide than has generally been 
accepted. As, however, the Cheletids are very closely related to 
other Acarids wherein the genital opening is ventral, it is possible 
that this feature has not the importance here attached to it. 

The publication is illustrated by thirteen plates from excellent 
drawings by Mr. F. Highley, and it will be seen that the memoir 
is not only of distinct value and interest to the systematist, but 
also to the biologist and morphologist, and, though Demodea is 
regarded as harmless to the majority of those who have studied it, 
it may yet loom large in the eyes of the economic bionomist. 


Report on Cetacea stranded on the British Coasts during 1918. By 
Dr. S. F. Harmer, F.R.S. Printed by Order of the Trustees of 
the British Museum (Natural History). 


Turse reports are proving a valuable addition to zoological litera- 
ture, and this particular one must be regarded as of outstanding 
interest, inasmuch as it is shown that the Cetacean recorded last 
year as Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) from Liscannor, 
Co. Clare, has proved, after cleaning and a closer examination than 
was then possible, to be a new British whale, and one of remark- 
able rarity, Mesoplodon mirus. It was only described by the late 
Mr. F. W. True from a female example taken at Beaufort Harbour, 
North Carolina, in July 1912. The Liscannor specimen is an 
adult male, and Dr. Harmer’s researches and enquiries elicit the 
fact that a third example (sex unknown) is in the possession of the 
Museum of University College, Galway, whilst another Galway 
specimen in the same collection is referable to the rare Cuvier’s 
whale (Z. cavirostris); both had been erroneously referred to the 
Mesoplodon hectori of Gray. 


413 


INDEX to VOL. IV. 


ABROCOMA, new species of, 132. 

Acmenychus, new species of, 409. 

Acropentias, new species of, 310. 

Acutia, description of the new 
genus, 89. 

/Holothrips, new species of, 253, 

Athria, new species of, 90. 

Akodon, new species of, 155. 

Allzorhynchus, new species of, 78. 

Alpheias, new species of, 312. 

Ampulex, new species of, 45, 392. 

Analgesine, new, 3v6. . 

Analgopsis, description of the new 
genus, 336. 

Ancylolomia, new species of, 141. 

Andrewes, H. E., papers on Oriental 
Carabide, 1, 290. 

Anoplognathus, new species of, 580. 

Aorus, new species of, 341. 

Arachnida, on South Indian, 220. 

Araneus, new species of, 243, 

Arrow, G. J., systematic notes on a 
few Melolonthine Coleoptera, 21 ; 
notes on Ruteline Coleoptera, 
379. 

Atalotriccus, new species of, 301. 

Attonda, description of the new 
genus, 123. 

Auchmophora, new species of, 310. 

Aves, new, 301. 

Bagnall, R. S., on the discovery of 
two species of Brachycheteumide, 
79; on new Thysanoptera, 253. 

Barasa, new species of, 120. 

Baylis, H. A., on a new species of 
the Nematode genus UCrosso- 
cephalus from the Rhinoceros, 
94; on a curious malformation in 
Tenia saginata, 114; on Crosso- 


horus collaris, 
Ehrenberg, 343. 

Bekker, H., on new Bryozoa from 
the Kuckers stage in Esthonia, 
327. 

Books, new :—S. Hirst’s Studies on 
Acari, No. 1, 411; Dr. 8. F. Har- 
mer’s Report on Cetacea stranded 
on the British Coasts during 1918, 
412. 

Boulenger, G. A., a list of the fresh- 
water fishes of Sierra Leone, 34. 

Brachycheteumide, notes on, 79. 

Brihaspa, new species of, 315. 

Brulleia, new species of, 387. 

Bryozoa, new, 327. 

Buodias, new species of, 39. 

Calamoscheena, new species of, 307. 

Callithea, new species of, 86. 

Calman, W. T., on barnacles of the 
genus Megalasma from deep-sea 
telegraph-cables, 561. 

Calosoma, new species of, 290. 

Campoplex, new species of, 37. 

Camptolynx, new species of, 41. 

Carabidee, papers on Oriental, 1, 
290. 


Hemprich & 


Cartaletis, new species of, 277. 

Catancyla, description of the new 
genus, 140. 

Ceratothrips, new species of, 254. 

Cerceris, new species of, 49, 393. 

Cestodes, curious malformation in, 
114, 

Champion, G. C., notes on the 
African and Asiatic species of 
Melyris, Fab., 157, 360. 

Characoma, new species of, 118. 

Charltona, new species of, 158, 305. 


414 


Chilo, new species of, 56. 

Chilopsis, description of the new 
genus, 56, 

Chorischizus, new species of, 36. 

Chrysocale, new species of, 88. 

Chubb, C., on new forms of South- 
American birds, 301. 

Cicadide, new, 186. 

Cirrhochrista, new species of, 323. 

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and 
records of bees, 98, 355. 

Ccelioxys, new species of, 101. 

Ccenotalis, description of the new 
genus, 152. 

Coleoptera, notes on, 21, 379. 

Conotalis, description of the new 
genus, 150. 

Coranus, new species of, 77. 

Coreura, new species of, 92. 

Crambus, new name, 307. 

Cricetomys, new species of, 282. 

Crocisa, new species of, 99. 

Crossocephalus, new species of, 94. 

Cryphalus, new species of, 113. 

Ctenomys, new species of, 155. 

Curculionids, new, 338. 

Cyanopepla, new species of, 89. 

Cyanoxorides, new species of, 388. 

Delphyre, new species of, 93. 

Dendrothrips, new species of, 260. 

Dhanya, description of the new 
genus, 296, 

Diamerus, new species of, 107, 

Dianthidium, new species of, 355, 

Diatreea, new species of, 53. 

Dinurothrips, new species of, 256. 

Diomea, new species of, 124. 

Diploptalis, description of the new 
genus, 151. 

Distant, W. L., descriptions of new 
species and genera of the Hetero- 
pterous family Reduviide from 
British India, 71; on two appa- 
rently undescribed species of 
Cicadidee from Tropical Africa, 
136. 

Donacaula, new species of, 323. 

_Doratoperas, new species of, 61, 

Ectomocoris, new species of, 74, 

Edocla, new species of, 73. 

Eleenia, new species of, 304. 

Eligmodontia, new species of, 131, 

Elis, new species of, 44. 

Empecta, new species of, 27. 

Endochus, new species of, 76. 

Endotrichodes, description of the 
new genus, 312. 


INDEX. 


Eschata, new species of, 61. 

Euagra, new species of, 91. 

Euneomys, new species of, 127, 129. 

Eustra, new species of, 299. 

Euthrips, new species of, 270. 

Exodesis, description of the new 
genus, 313. 

Fossorial Hymenoptera, new, 44, 69. 

Foster, N. H., a lift of the Myria- 
poda of Ulster, 395. 

Frankliniella, new species of, 268. 

Fruhstorferia, new species of, 383. 

Galea, new species of, 134. 

Geological Society, proceedings of 
the, 50. 

Geometride, new, 277. 

Giaura, new species of, 119. 

Gudger, E. W., the Myth of the 
Ship-holder, a postscript, 17. 

Gymnoscelus, new species of, 388. 

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new Pyra- 
lide of the subfamilies Crambinze 
and Sigine, 53, 187, 305. 

Haplothrips, new species of, 273, 

Heliothrips, new species of, 258, 

Heliura, new species of, 92. 

Helogale, new species of, 31. 

Hesperomys, new species of, 130, 

Heterapis, new species of, 359, 

Heteroptera, new, 71. 

Hinton, M. A. C., notes on the 
genus Cricetomys, 282. 

Hispine, new, 407. 

Hiymuenop ten, new, 44, 69, 98, 355, 
385. 

Hypospila, new species of, 124. 

Ichneumonide, new, 36 

Insecta, new, 157, 360. 

Isyndus, new species of, 77. 

Ttanus, new species of, 295. 

Kaye, W. J., on new species and 
genera of Nymphalid, Synto- 
mide, and Sphingide in the 
Joicey Collection, 84. 

Kloss, C. B., see Robinson, H. C. 

Lagidium, new species of, 133. 

Lepidiota, new species of, 27. 

Leucargyra, new species of, 61. 

Libisosa, new species of, 123. 

Limphysothrips, description of the 
new genus, 272, 

Lophoptera, new species of, 121. 

Loxostegopsis, new species of, 326. 

Mammals, new, 29, 127, 128, 154, 282, 
289, 350, 374. 

Marshall, G. A. K., on the genus 
Aorus, Scbh., 338. 


INDEX. 


Mascarena, description of the new 
genus, 26. 
Maulik, 8., on new Hispine, 407. 
Megachile, new species of, 356. 
Megalasma, new species of, 365. 
Melolonthine Coleoptera, systematic 
notes on, 21. 
Melyris, new species of, 161. 
Mesolia, new species of, 62. 
Metanalges, description of the new 
genus, 338. 
Mimagyrta, new species of, 87. 
Monochirus, new species of, 408. 
Mycteromys, new species of, 378. 
Myriapoda, list of, from Ulster, 395. 
Myth of the Ship-holder, a post- 
script, 17. 
Nannopopillia, new species of, 384. 
Napata, new species of, 92. 
Nematodes, new, 94, 343. 
Nematopora, new species of, 331. 
Neobanepa, description of the new 
genus, 310. 
Neoklugia, description of the new 
genus, 71, 
Neoschcenobia, new species of, 309. 
Neothodelmus, description of the new 
genus, 72. 
Niphopyralis, new species of, 307. 
Noctuidz, new, 118. 
Nomia, new species of, 104. 
Nomioides, new species of, 102, 
Nymphalide, new, 84. 
Nymphulodes, description of the 
new genus, 31]. 
Obtusipalpis, new species of, 314. 
Odontothrips, new species of, 262, 
(Edemopsis, new species of, 45, 
Omophron, new species of, 292, 
Oriental Carabide, papers on, 1, 290, 
Pachydictya, new species of, 329, 
Palarus, new species of, 70. 
Parancyla, description of the new 
genus, 67, 
Paraxerus, new species of, 31. 
Pasiropsis, new species of, 73. 
Pasites, new species of, 358. 
Patissa, new species of, 316. 
Patissodes, description of the new 
genus, 309. 
Perata, description of the new 
genus, 127, 
Perissotriccus, new species of, 301, 
Pheia, new species of, 91. 
Phidodonta, new species of, 410. 
Philanthus, new species of, 394. 


415 


Phlcosimus, new species of, 112. 
Pheenicoprocta, new species of, 90. 
Phorticus, new species of, 79. 
Pipromorpha, new species of, 301. 
Pisces, new, 34. 
Pithecus, new species of, 374. 
Platypodidee, notes on, 105, 
Platytesis, description of the new 
genus, 308. 
Plesialges, description of the new 
genus, 306, 
Plusiotis, new species of, 380. 
Podothrips, new species of, 275. 
Prionopteryx, new species of, 64. 
Prionotalis, description of the new 
genus, 152. 
Pristaulacus, new species of, 385. 
Prosmixis, new species of, 147. 
Prout, L. B., on new Geometride in 
the Joicey Collection, 277. 
Psammeecius, new species of, 69. 
Pseudeugalta, new species of, 391. 
Pseudomelisa, new species of, 88. 
Psoroptoides, description of the new 
genus, 337. 
Pyralide, new, 53, 137, 305. 
Rattus, new species of, 374. 
Rhizotrogus, new species of, 22. 
Robinson, H. C., and Kloss, C. B., 
on five new mammals from Java, 
374, 
Ruteline Coleoptera, notes on, 379. 
Sampson, Lt.-Col. W., notes on 
Platypodide and Scolytide, 105. 
Schoenerupa, description of the new 
genus, 312, 
Schcenobius, new species of, 320, 
Scolytide, new, 105. 
Scopula, new species of, 279. 
Sherriffs, W. R., on a contribution to 
the study of South Indian Arach- 
nology, 220, 
Sphedanolestes, new species of, 75. 
Sphex, new species of, 48, 
Sphingide, new, 84. 
Simplicia, new species of, 122, 
Steatomys, new species of, 33, 
Stelis, new species of, 103. 
Stenocalama, description of the new 
genus, 308. 
Stenoleemus, new species of, 71. 
Stictoptera, new species of, 120. 
Styphlolepis, new species of, 318. 
Surattha, new species of, 67, 137. 
Swinhoe, Col. C., on Indo-Malayan 
and Australian Noctuide, 118. 


416 INDEX. 


Syntomide, new, 84. 

Thalassodes, new species of, 278. 

Thomas, O., on a small collection of 
mammals from Lumbo, Mozam- 
bique, 29; on a new species of 
Euneomys from Patagonia, 127 ; 
on mammals from North Argen- 
tina, 128; on two new rodents 
from Argentina, 154; on the 
method of taking the incisive 
index in rodents, 289; on the 
types of the mammals described 
by M. Fernand Lataste, 350. 

Thysanoptera, new, 253. 

Timoria, description of the new 
genus, 93. 


Tochara, new species of, 125. 

Topeutis, new species of, 319. 

Trichothrips, new species of, 276. 

Trouessart, E.-L., on new genera of 
Analgesing, 336. 

Tryphactothrips, new species of, 
267 


Turner, R. E., notes on the Ichneu- 
monidze in the British Museum, 
36; notes on Fossorial Hymeno- 
ptera, 44, 69; on Indo-Chinese 
Hymenoptera, 585. 

Ugada, new species of, 136. 

Velamysta, new species of, 87. 

Xanthocryptus, new species of, 40. 

Xyleborus, new species of, 109. 


END OF THE FOURTH VOLUME, 


PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, 
RED LION COURT, FLUENT STREET. 


0 


ARROW. 


TG 
Jae. 
Fia 

Fig. 


mg Mags: Nat. Hist. (S. -9: VolaelV.2P1, i. 


mW bp 


fihizotrogus pallens, 
Rhizotrogus rufus, 

Empecta disparilis, 
Rhizotrogus gravis, 


The male of each on the left. 


male and female. 


” 
” 


9 99 


All natural size. 


ine lag. Nats Llist.Se 9. Vol. LV Pix i: 


SHERRIFEFS. 


Psechrus torvus inverted below web. 


Psechrus torvus, web seen edge on. 


aie 
ak 


£ 


” 


- =. ~. 


SHERRIFFS. Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. LV. Pl. I11. 


Argiope anasuja, young on lacework stabilimentum. 


Argiope anasuja, adult 2 on web, with full stabilimentum. 


SHERRIFFS. Ann. & Mag. Nie List SO oll Plo dV: 


Dine, Hy 


Cyrtophora cicatrosa within domed web. 


SHERRIFFS. Ann. §& Mag. Nat. Hist. 8. 9. Vol iain Ve 


KG, Kc 


Cyclosa sp.? with stabilimentum as broken diameter cf web. 


lia. &. 


Araneus nauticus resting on bark of cypress-tree. 


ean 


Svea 2 ape Werner on 


ae 


sHERRIFES. Ann. 5 Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Weak, TVA JE a) 


Fie. 9 


Fie. 10. 


Nilgiri Barychelid; turret at mouth of burrow. 


ine, Wl. 


Agelena inda; cocoon-case within web. 


An. & Mag. Nat..dist. 8: 9.-Vol. EV. Pl. WEL, 


BEKKER. 


@ 


4 


@0 Se67 


® 


(‘SQ ypssF 
NAT eR 
SS 
¥ 


@Oe Oe 


ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA FROM ESTHONIA. 


ARROW. 


Fic. 1.—Plusiotis magnificus, sp. n., male. Fic. 
. 2,—Anoplognathus antiquus, 


Fie 


Fic 
Fic 
Fig 


Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. IV. Pl. VIII. 


male. 
. 8.—Ditto, female. 
. 4.—A. pallidus, sp. n., male. 
. 5.—Ditto, female. 


or 


Spates Fig. 
p 


HIG: 
Fia. 


6.—A. Aurora, sp. n., male. 

7.—Fruhstorferia birmanica, Arrow, 
male. 

8.—F. curta, sp. n., male. 

9. —Ditto, female. 

Fic. 10.—F. yunnana, Ohaus, male. 


All natural size. 


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